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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
i 
 
 » ^■, 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 TJ 
 
 
 P, 
 
 rin 
 
^ ^^ 
 
 '^^ 
 
 '* 
 
 PLAIN FACTS 
 
 A.v E-X A M I N A r I ON 
 
 \ 
 
 I \' T (J 1- ii !•: 
 
 r.JCilliS ot" tlu Inpian Nations of Ameuica» 
 to ihtir iclijccfnc Coiuitries; , 
 
 A N' I) 
 
 \ VINDICATION of ihc GRANT, 
 
 « FROM y . . 
 
 T 
 
 '»> 
 
 Tlu Six Unitid Nations oi' Indians, 
 
 
 
 r o 
 
 
 
 <**/, 
 
 ^ 
 
 The Pkoprh rous o^ INDIANA, 
 
 A c; A I N S T • 
 
 ^%: The decision 
 
 9i' 
 
 
 •!^- 
 
 
 o F 'r H e " 
 
 ':::T. 
 
 
 r. E G I S L A T T^ R t o>, ^M R G I N I^j 
 
 A U r 11 E N T 1 C D C U M T. N T S^!^ 
 
 « I' K (' V 1 N^G 'I. ' - .'" . , - * 
 
 That thr TERRITORY, Weilwaiv' ofthc Allcgntf^l 
 Mountain, never belonged t- ikCima, &c. 
 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 1 
 
 Printed aiul Sold l>y R. AITKEN, Bookseller, in Mar^t: 
 iStrcct, Three Door^ above the Cor rtt-HousK. 
 
 M.uc c. fs 
 
 « tk 
 
 •m 
 
"*> ■If 
 
 >^ 
 
 4,.^ 
 
 
 .a» 
 
 
 ',f . ^' V 
 
 - r 
 
 t 
 
 «l 
 
 ;P 
 
PLAIN FACTS. &c. 
 
 lA- 
 
 T 
 
 Hill yc:ir fuccccding that, in which America 
 w.is full iliicovcrci^ Poj-c AUxandcr thcSixth, 
 by his bulls, thtc«.l zd and ^dot'May, 1493, 
 mimiliunilv I'avc the whole of that vaft Contintni,* of 
 which but a fiiiall jiart was then known in Riiropc, to 
 Ft rtlinand and Ilabclla ol Spain ; following ihc example 
 of one of his prcdcccflbis, who, in i.}.}o, Iiad granted 
 jifrica to king Alplionfo the Fifth, of Portngal; not 
 becaufc tint Continent w.is uninhabited, but bicaufe 
 the nations fid)fiinnt» tlicie wcie in/'uU'ls^ and confc 
 quenily unji(/i p'-fffjl'ti of the country where their 
 Creator had lornied and placed theni.i 
 
 The dilpoJing power whiih had been in thefe iii- 
 ftances alliuned by Saiiit Peter's pretended fucceflbrs, 
 over the countries of unchriftian nations, was, how- 
 ever, too glaringly abfurd to be regarded by Popiih 
 princes thcnifclves, even in tliat fuperllitiotis agc;:[ and 
 I'everal of iheni in defiance of thcfe papa! grants, fooii 
 after, undertook difcoNcries and fettlements in Africa 
 and America, and particularly llcnry the Seventh of 
 England, who was a zexloub Roman Catholic, and who, 
 
 within 
 
 * A former ii.fdlihh Pope hatl tlccl.irc'<I that no fuch Continent as Amc- 
 riia dill or coiilil cxill, and liuil <lcnoiincctl excommunication againfl all 
 who Ihould btlicvi- tlu- cuiitiary opinion. i 
 
 f " Tims t?i<r A'cr;/'' Pontics did not fcriipic tolircak the rules ^fcom- 
 " nion ji'fiicc and itjuity, to Uive the piirjiolfs of tlicir own worldly in- 
 ** tt-rcltand ^hny. *l'hii dcthroncil pyufn, 1 ipofdiid ivLJc uat't(ii,\ nithdr 
 " ri^rifril inl>,ibit.ints, tramhrrcd the properlia of one people a ant,thcr^ 
 " tmucd out thoit:, wlionft (Jod and nature put in lollcrtion, for their 
 •' own votaries." HKlory of peopling Icvcral pail< of the world, and 
 piirticidarly of America. By John Harris, A.M. ]•. R. S. 
 
 I \Vt are told by Ylcncni, that Ferdinand and Ifabella acr.pted the 
 papal ^rant in qutllioii trom ioinc particular ualoui, coutraiv tu tht ad- 
 
 ... .■ • -• ■ ■ ' ''.'.. "'^■^ . 
 
 .» 
 
I 
 I 
 
 . t; 
 
 '■ t 
 
 f 
 
 [ 4 ] 
 
 within rhrcc ycp.rs after, vi/. in r4o(^, granted John 
 Cabot ami his ihrcc Tons, with their alloc i.itcs, a com- 
 miiiio.i to navigattj all p.uts of the oci'aii, in live thips, 
 lintki iliL hiniurs of Kiigiaiul, for the purpofc of dif- 
 covcrinj; ^'* ad invcniciulmn fuis eoruni propriis 
 fumptibus it t\pL.ii(ls,"\Scc.'^ fuch /u',it/.un r.r infidel 
 ('* };tntiliiiin tt intiilcliuin," ixc.) regions, countries 
 or ill.uvis, wherever JituateJ^ as were unknown to 
 Cluilliaii ftates; with power to fet up the kinp/s lland- 
 ard in aiiv LuuU, illuuis, c'cc. which ihev niii'ht dif- 
 cover, ;;;/ prei^ioufiy o.'eiif'!, ■.!/'■,' (^h-i/iianSy and lo fei/e, 
 com^ucr, and poiiels all luc!\ iand.s, illands, &c. and 
 as his liei,v. vall'.ils, governors, lo( umtenentcs or ilepii- 
 ties, to hold dominion over, and have exclulive pro- 
 perty in the Tame. 
 
 Under this conin^illlon (wl\ieh could convey no 
 teiriiorial jiropcrty, as none had been tluu aciiuired) 
 llu.' Cahots ilifeovcred Newfoundland, wiih fonie other 
 pans of the toad of North Auurica, and thereby gave 
 the crown of Knidand all the rii\lus which could reluk 
 from the difcovery of countries, then inhabited and 
 fhared bv lar'^e nations or tribes of mankind; which 
 however could at molt be no other than the privilege 
 of formini^ cllablifhmenis in thefe countries, with the 
 confent of the native proprietors, in prcfurencc to the 
 fubjecls of any other Hate j for, *' No man" lays 
 
 Sidney, 
 
 If 
 
 I 
 
 vice nf the Spariifh civilians and cjKtn lawyers; and \vc find Bartludcmfw 
 I>tla» Caftf, Biihrpn^ Cht.ip.i, in a Ticatifc written and dedicated to tl\c 
 Emperor Chirks tiie Fifth, niiredntcd, *' 1 l>al the twtn'fi (of America) 
 " having their own lawful kings and princes, and a right to make law* 
 ** for the pdod j^ovcrnmcnt nf their rtlpe^tivc dominions, c^uld not he 
 " expelled out of them, or deprived of -whal they p'f/fJs, ivtthoHt doing vio- 
 " lenre to the /.nci of (i-)d, ni veil /m the Imv of nations." State Fafts,.». .•?. 
 *' An empire" fays the ilUilhious Sidney, •• founded upon the f/jHfl^an 
 *• ef the Vnpe, which, among.} thofe of the Romilh religion, is of great 
 " importance, and the entire con<iMcrt of a people, vith -whtm there had 
 '• been no rt>RMKR Comiracp, do de«e»trt;te into a moQ unjufi and de- 
 " te-Jj^r / r.rviy. What then Ihall w; fay of thole, who frttetid to a right 
 " of dominion over fret tiutiom!"' 
 
 .■j^c. 
 
t( 
 
 <( 
 ti 
 n 
 <( 
 (( 
 it 
 (( 
 <{ 
 lit 
 
 Sidney, " can ^ive what he has not. Whoever thecc- 
 f'oie will pretciul, that the King has bellowed this 
 (landed) fropcrty^ mujj provft l'**' I>*-'i f*'J^> had 
 it h'wifelf\ I confcfs, that the Kings cf Spain and 
 /'(j/Vz/jfrj/ obtaincil from the Popcy grants of the ter- 
 ritories tlfcy poifcfs in the Weil Indies; and that 
 this uiii«ht he oi fotnc ftrengtli, if the Pope, as ricar 
 of Chrijif had an ahfo/ute dominion ever the whole 
 earth; but if that fail, xhcivhole f>jlls to the gr'Aindy 
 and he was ridiculoufly liberal of that, -whith no 
 ways bel'.ncicd to him.'* Patents liowever for pro- 
 moting difcovcries and fcttiemcnrs in Americ;^ were 
 afterwards granted by queen ILlizabcth, and king 
 fames and liis fuccefTors, wlio all denied the Pape's 
 authority over coiuurics, on account of their being 
 inhabited by infidels ; yet, as fonie pretence was ne- 
 ccflary to julUfy tiiefe ufurpntions, they, after the 
 example of king Henry the Seventh, adopted the 
 exploded diftindion between the rights of Chri- 
 ftians and tliofe of Iniidcls, and >made it the only 
 foundation of their reip€^kivc American grants; all 
 of which contained thisj and only this provifion, that 
 the territories and diftrijils To granted, Ife not previoujly 
 ** occupied and pojfejjed by the /uhjeffs of any other Chri- 
 " Jlian prince' or Jlate.** But if the princes and people 
 of Europe, in more ignorant and fuperftitious ages, 
 were fo fur miilead by the emotions of avarice, ambi- 
 tion, or religious pride, as to believe it julVifiable for 
 ihcm to crofs the Atlantic, and ufurp the poflcffions 
 of unoffending nations, only becaufe they did not be- 
 lieve in religious doctrines, of which they had never 
 l^eard, yet the pervading liberal influence of philofo- 
 pby, rcafon, and truth, has iincc given us better no- 
 tions of the rights of mankind, as well as of the obli- 
 gations of QXQrality and iiflicej which certainly are 
 .u.- '-' ■■^■- - , - ■• •-'^■- wot 
 
 ■ I. »■ 
 
 ' k*.^^*; 
 
 
r c> 1 
 
 not fonfincd to pnrtuul.n- luoclc? of /!;///•, Init cxtcrui 
 
 iinivcrrally to Jews niul (icniilcs, to Chriln.i 
 
 n^ 
 
 ■md 
 
 In full Is. And, iiulccd, tlic iiiiiifliiL of tlul'o aiuinpis 
 to \ilurpilic .liiorigiiiiil pt)ircnioiis of fo many of onr 
 fellow uf.ntnns, from :i lictci'^t in ilu'ii- \\ lii;ii)iis opini- 
 on*;, was fo Mi.inilcll, tlii^t tluy nrvi'rrouM Imvc bircn 
 fiik;i;crtiJ l)y any othir ih.in the Ji'i/fiablc p(^liiy, and 
 nnchrirti.in ambition, which for niany aj;.s govcrm'd the 
 
 in 
 
 calm I . ot tlu- r,!/\:! .V»v. 
 *' Avidi'^ ravilTcurs dis riclutlVs </, 
 
 ( ■ nnin't 
 
 It 
 
 lis ipiittcnt /fin pais, pour iiuumJi. r Ils non- 
 
 Uacin I. 
 
 cs. 
 
 • The Divine Author of cnir lu)ly nliipon, uluii on 
 earth, allnmcd no tctnpor.il ilominion or property, hut 
 fuhinittcd himfcli on every occaiion, even when cri- 
 minally arraigned, to the jurifirKflioii and amhorlty ot 
 Inlidcl tnaairtraics, dt i l.irituw/A:/ l'i.< kiinulom was nr,t 
 cf this 'd'.nJ; and furely none of his diftipks ean jultly 
 arrof^ue to themfclves powers which tlicir great Mailer •'] 
 lias difJaimcd, nor pretend, tlut he has any where 
 authorized them to expect earthly dominion or riehes 
 as the rewards ofpietv anil virtue; much lefscan thcv 
 plead his turmiflion to actpilrc them by injuftice and 
 violence. 
 
 The great univcrfal Parent of mankind, when Ik 
 gave exiftence to the native inhabitants of America, 
 commanded them, by the lirlf immutable law ..,f natiuc 
 to preferve that exifteiue-, and that they might be en- 
 abled to do it, he mull have gi\en them an intlefeafiblt 
 right to enjoy the v ountries where his providence had 
 ])laced them; humbly awaiting that progrcfs of events, 
 by which in i\\\c time they would probably have ad- 
 vanced, as our progenitors have done, from the rude 
 ignorance of a ftate of nature, to the fplcndid Htcjuirt- 
 nieni^ of civilizarion. 
 
 All 
 
 ■'^?* 
 
Hit CXtCfuI 
 Iri.iiis .\i)d 
 ' iUtriiipis 
 ly of our 
 
 )iis opiiii- 
 1) ivc btcii 
 >liiy, and 
 
 irucd the 
 
 -< not res. 
 /\ C I N I . 
 
 wlun on 
 |)crty, Uiit 
 kvhcu cn- 
 ihority of 
 ;/ .l'Wj." fict 
 c;ui jiiftly 
 j.ii Mailer 
 ny where 
 
 or richt'b 
 s can thcv 
 Liftite and 
 
 when he 
 America, 
 c>f nature 
 ^ht be en- 
 defeallblr 
 tlence hai! ,h 
 of events, 
 liave ad- 
 thc rude 
 1 at<]uire- 
 
 f 7 ] 
 
 All 
 
 All the nations of Eurnn,. . i- . 
 
 ''av. been a. ....d.,iau. :•,;;.:;:'"" r^"-- -OrW. 
 
 f'" ." all ,l,c,c udv..„ntiousc ' rr' "'"« """'- 
 " "-ard par,, of !y/,.; . ' '• '"''''"'■•""^ of ,he 
 
 , • " Ti^cCrccun, derive thrW ■ • " ^'i/^^W^, 
 
 frfqnent migrations ur ^ °^"o'-i,.in from unfcttU ? . -u 
 
 ""-'tics. The VTu , /;-^ "^tl.cru.lc and il.fan o/.'^.^y f''. *^'"0 
 marks of a n,nilar . r <'Crmans arc come to our I,, i V' ""'"■com- 
 
 of North Am" nvi tI''"*' ■"^''^""''-d '" ^ai; .^L .r*' .'' '''' '"'"^ 
 thc.r bodieswn j'i., ? ,'![ "f" '^ ""rant of uS ' ;^;f ''•"' "Stives , 
 
 ffrdinand Kiumfs • '^^^^^oii'HUt. 
 
 ]'.cformcrt 1 •;.;",; . 1^;: ^^^^- 'Ton, thcncV to Ca^p?c '^ '^'^ "^ '^- 
 
 lawyers in ^;„. : "*"""/> Several of the mnii • *"'^'*^ ^"unti c» 
 
 '=•«'•; to intorm i""'^'^'"" of Ihc Pe*/ovcr -.11 /i! f " particular 
 ;; of 'Mr :j;/r'r ^^^.^-^ ^f the grant uhfch thTs Ho v P^'''^^^ * '''^^ ' 
 
 
 V. J^^7 
 
L 8 ] 
 
 < , 
 
 \\? 
 
 ** cu/lcmSy \vl»if h were among them, rjulvijltut toU\v%y 
 no I''ail\crs, no LKIcrs, //'.»/ fuf^pHcJ the pLici' of civil 
 
 «( 
 
 «« 
 
 rndyj/lr.ifiJ : no forms cf ^ovirnmint, bccaulc ihcy 
 *• hiul lint ihofc of civil t'ovcrnnicnt."* The produce 
 of tlu" f.ntli is ncttllary to Aibllll its inhaMiantSi .iikI 
 if tlu Cicator of nvinkiiul ImcI maJc it jnniliabic for 
 
 ChriAiaiis 
 
 to li( 
 
 cprivc imDelicviiii' nations ot their na- 
 
 f thi 
 
 five countriefi, ve nuill, fron) liis aeknowledgcJ attri- 
 bute; piclinnc, that he would have I'o fornird the latter, 
 as to cnahle tl\cn» to fuhjiji without JqjJ. lint as he has 
 made !u> diflVrente between t!»e natural wants and fa- 
 culties ui'Cluillians aiul tluile of Inlldels, we may lafely 
 afliim, that whatever Tpiriiual .ulvantaijes arc allotted 
 to the former, our common Tareui has made no di- 
 ftiinTlion between ilie temporal rights of his creatures; 
 and iiule.d all d'lfituiions of this nature have been 
 cither overlooked oi vejei'Ud by every approved writer t 
 on the/.'-Jixof iiaiinf or of nations: and Mr. Hume ' 
 pertinently obforves, *' That all the laws of nature, • 
 •* which regulate property, as well as all civil laws, [ 
 ** arc iicneraly and regard alone Tome tirential cir 
 ** cunifbances of the cafe, without taking into conli- 
 '• deration the charathrSy fituations and connc^SUons of 
 *' the pcrfons concerned. Public utility requires, that 
 *' property (hould be regulated, not by partial, but by 
 •' general, inflexible rules." Thefe diftincftions can have 
 no foundation in the civil lawy which was inftituted 
 before C'hriftianity : And they are by no means even ju- 
 ftiiiablc on the principles of jurifprudenccf Nothing 
 more can therefore be neccdary to reprobate a claim, 
 
 which 
 
 ' • Bolinghroke's Philofophical Works, Vol. 4. 
 
 f At ail important trial of Campbell againli Hall, in the court of 
 King^ Bcnch^ Eiifland rdpc^ing theduty of foar and an half per cent, 
 iinporcil In thr \^ztlAoiGre>iadj by ro>'al prcr«»gati»e, thi$ opinion, th«t 
 ChriOiinshav a right to Heathen countries being calually mentioned, 
 ■wai ruiuiilfd by Lord Mansfield, and the obcr judges, as well as by all 
 the council prefent* 
 
 I 
 
i y I 
 
 to laws^ 
 c of civil 
 lulc I hey 
 prOiiucc 
 iits; niul 
 liable for 
 their na- 
 ;;cd attri- 
 hc l.ittcr, 
 AS lie has 
 ; ami fa- 
 »ay l.ifcly 
 : allotti J 
 jc no ili- 
 rcatures; 
 avc been 
 ctl writtT 
 r. Hume 
 f nature, 
 il laws, 
 litial cir 
 o conii- 
 iStions of 
 |rcs, that 
 but by 
 an have 
 ftituteJ 
 ;vcn ju- 
 othing 
 claim, 
 which 
 
 1 court of 
 
 jcr cent. 
 
 >n, th«t 
 
 tntionrd, 
 
 las by all 
 
 whuliis not oiily unliij>poricil by any Jlvlni' or humm 
 auihoriiv, but is in iiKIt moll unn »ri)ii.ib!r, niiinO, aiiJ 
 tiiiwl. I' in.iy not b<: improper, howevir, to liibjoin 
 |H the tollowin;'. extract horn an c/'inion ioiiuly I'ivtti by 
 LtM\l ('h.iiuillor (.\intil< n ,u\{\ ii>c l.itc Mr. 7'/>. v.il- 
 ttrw.uii-. I.onl Chaui fUor Morihn) refpeclinj; ihe riijhr 
 tit' lb; iii.itl'iii Ali.itic St, lies to tluir refpc^tive tcrri. 
 loi KS. In 1757, the Halt Imlia Company of London 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 )t tttU)lUl 
 
 )li 
 
 I the Kini', that in a new thart'.r which was 
 
 ihvn Inlicitim', a claulc niijht bemieited, torenabliiur 
 thfin to hold anil enjtvvi fubjet't to the Kins'/s rigl\i of 
 lnvereii;nty, all l\u h dilhichand terriiorii.s as thi y bad 
 aripiired, or niiv'bt hereafter aetpiire, (in Alia) from 
 any nation, fiate, or people, by ii\aty, i^ranf, or 
 tiMupiell: upon wiiieh thel'e n-fpect.ible lawyers fbcinij 
 then the Kiiu' of Kn^laiul's Aiiornev and Solicitor Cle- 
 ncral) ollicially advil'ed hitn, f* that in rcrpee'l to fiirli 
 territories as have l)een, or lliall be acquired />; treaty 
 *' i/ (irant froili the (ireat Mo^iil, (>r any of the Indian 
 '• princes or governments, your MajeOy's letters patent " 
 *• ate ffJ neiClJhry : the f^rc/'crtv ofthe/oilvt/Jiug in the > 
 " Company hv the Iiulian in.mt l'ubje(ft only to youi Ma- 
 ** iellies right of fovtreigiity over the fettlemenis, as 
 •* I'.nglirti fettlcments, and over the inhabitantu, as ^-In- 
 *• glilh fnbjc»Sfs, wlu) carry with them your Majcfties, 
 '• laws wlurcver they form colcies, and reo^ivc your 
 *' Majefties protn!lion by virtue of your royal char- 
 
 •' ters." This i\u)ll ri'fpcftable opinion in favour of 
 
 the ablolute right of Heathen AJiatics to their feveial 
 territories, applies dire<fHy to fupport the fame right, 
 as vefled in Heathen Americans ; for if the title of the 
 latter were defective on account of their infidelity, the 
 fame caufc 'mnft deltroy the right of the people of 
 Hindoftan, China, and every other Infidel nation, to 
 the couairics they inhabit. 
 
 Having 
 
 Y^--Vr' 
 
 ■■^-M 
 
 i-M 
 
 
 #' 
 
ii 
 
 f 
 
 lo 
 
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 nicut 
 
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 MHUy, let 
 
 
 vj 
 
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 ^■-ilKl. 
 
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 ^' <^<nintri 
 
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 in/i.ib 
 
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 'tc(i by t] 
 
 u- 
 
 .^' to the / 
 
 Jl-IJJ 
 
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 n 
 
 ' • ts 
 
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 <'oi,, r,ji,e 
 
 nr/ 
 
 f(v 
 
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 I 
 
 "ii fOc.K) 
 
 lU C 
 
 s or 
 
 riJ 
 
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 fvcr i 
 
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 ^ <-t^i tain, ii 
 
 t-'lCl'f 
 
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 ' n.s k, 
 
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 n.'lt'Oi)5 
 
 
 ">^^" .i.idil 
 
 111; 
 
 t'tu-een 
 ^''^'■minatc 
 
 i 
 
 >tvc b 
 
 ^'i'lIKl- of tl 
 
 ':^' "o k.iou-Jcd 
 
 "cci.picil th 
 '^"'^^^'"; this h 
 
 cir 
 
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 '(.Oil til 
 
 i;( 
 
 tJi- o 
 
 'iJd; 
 
 ^' '•'-■"lamsoFth 
 
 o\v- 
 
 ^^'^''^al and t\va 
 
 I'M'i; 
 
 ', ih 
 
 ^^". and nh 
 
 t<)l|;,( 
 
 ino/ 
 
 ^C Of 
 
 ^T ii'uluub 
 
 atcv 
 
 tc 
 
 d/y 
 
 ^^">'' -<'con/^.:;::r':^^'-' i-^^^^ri 
 
 lilio] 
 
 were tiu 
 
 C'i 
 
 11 
 
 ' /'"^xccptionabl, 
 
 ,'"".'^^>'"^^"tbavch, 
 
 iors oF (I 
 
 Poiiib/y i 
 
 t] 
 
 itn. 
 
 »-'vc a cla 
 
 ioll 
 civii 
 
 no £ 
 
 Mil 
 
 o it 
 
 oi" A 
 
 uroj)c 
 
 *-■ title t 
 P''<>r to tj 
 
 '•^i tJic befi 
 
 J 'is^none dil 
 
 iC 
 
 ari(f 
 
 ncr 
 
 in jirin 
 
 cc 
 
 Jans. 
 
 •<■■•» tvon^ (iij\ 
 
 ^'ouJd d 
 
 ^'■'"" ou'ii r I . 
 
 tould 
 
 t'l'iVi 
 
 I title 
 
 »tc 
 
 »nd til 
 
 ^-•'S.-cc)e.^;.^''^^-"^^rbat( 
 '-" iia\c cit]ifi. — 
 
 fo the 
 
 as a!/ 
 
 ^'^' "ever bee 
 
 '>■ fo iands 
 
 c< 
 
 It 
 
 any 
 J"J claim 
 
 'S HD 
 
 r.M 
 
 .^"-pca-Mb;".:;;:;-!:'!^-'. H, 
 
 " o>«fled and 
 
 'lat ,/. 
 
 hOVCIt. 
 
 tht 
 
 •^^'^^ arc,..,/. ,/ ,,''"^- '^''^ or,,;,,,,/,,.,,. ""•' *'f Amc,;,. ^u,'';'' 
 
 4 i 
 tl 
 
 
 <l 
 
 
 "•'WhconJy ,ul| 
 
 JM/)al 
 
 wJ.iJi tl 
 
 .irioicj 
 
 ii ill> 
 
 '•"col-.-Vnic- 
 
 fonud 
 
 "'t^'<-"uify |„ , 
 
 ^•i^f^t to inhcr,r;i"r ;•''•''•'>' ''on. 
 
 I 
 
 '■ ^■^••t''. ami tl. 
 
 'iiiion 
 
 luprr- 
 
 i>pc i. 
 
 "g^nc the i 
 
 ;''!!'--' .^c:r:,y,"r''p"*.w^^^^^ 
 
 '■•■«"P'-i;;.rr;^i-^o 
 
 JlV 
 
 ' nca; 
 
 tui f. 
 
 "" t'<c /amc 
 
 and liich 
 
 '» Jjrantcd At 
 nci. 
 
 
 
 '^.v to /fit, I,, 
 
 on Mliich 
 
 
 "aiioi,, i 
 
 '-vc io/i, (,, 
 
 --'-tw:;n7^.7:'r'^'fv^'>"m 
 
 •''t'l, and 
 
 '^ """ '-• '^-S^'-'^^^^S^- 
 
I 
 
 1 1 
 
 J 
 
 pretence on 
 
 luinccs, M', 
 
 ot America, 
 
 '><-• iiborigiijcv- 
 
 it^^xi txaniiiK- 
 
 l^'tl l\V till Hi, 
 tllC /.i:rs J 
 
 omul f(j be 
 
 'It between 
 ^tiiminatc 
 »'P'^"^' their 
 this hou-- 
 ^>^ the time 
 cvci- minJii 
 
 were tJic 
 rs of tlic 
 It-' belt am( 
 
 '<(-' could 
 
 thii- fhtc 
 1^' to the 
 |t (as all 
 
 to lands 
 
 IC( 
 
 I and 
 ircilld. 
 
 lo 
 
 title lll;,f 
 •iffolils I)(> 
 
 "i -Anic- 
 iii Tupfr- 
 jiiiion ; — 
 liiiilu'liev- 
 Uoiinfiy, 
 •n wliich 
 Kingof 
 |th, and 
 >f Amc- 
 ^nn an«i 
 
 pollirrcd, or which, iii'iei' having been owned and 
 jH)irillld, wliv vuluniarily iltjcitcd by the owner, as 
 not worili the troubh- of keeping-, and fo clearly were 
 the t'.r.i'j.ijh t omn.inioncrs of this opinion, that they 
 oblerved to the French conimiilioners at Pai is, the i 5th 
 ot'Novendni, 17511 relative to the ifland of Saint 
 LucfUj *' Thai till re can be no tihplutc i/r/i/icJi'in oi 
 *' anv coiuitry, but \\ lu re ii»e //// poillilbr leaves it 
 *' volunlaniy, and wlihont any apparent neceflityi 
 *♦ that to make fucli dereliction in cnr people a found- 
 *' ation of right in tuiy ot/nr coining after them, it is 
 *' uceeiTary that the actjuielccnce oi the Ji/Ji power, 
 ** under the poll'eirion of the latter, nudl: have been 
 *' an actiuicfccnce intended volurtiinly^ and clearly 
 ** manifeltedi and that neither a defertion forced 
 ** upon any people by an enemy, nor a temporary 
 " acciuiefcence under that expuifion oceafioncd by nc- 
 ** ceility, Jo cxtinguifo the right of any people to the 
 *^ country they fo abandon." Proi)erty, 4iowever, 
 when found in thefe circumllanccs, without an owner, 
 may be appropriated and polleiTed by the ^nd finder, 
 
 who thus renders It his own property by &i7fi'/'rt^7(j'. 
 
 *' ^lad cni}n cjl uullius per caupationcvi accjuiritur ejus 
 dr.miniuni ." et " qi4od quifquc cnupajfcty id propriuni 
 hak-ret.'** Primus acquirandi modus y qui juris gen- 
 iiuvi d Romanis dicitur^ ejl occupaiio eorum^ que nul' 
 lius funt. Cirotius, lib. 2, ch. 2. Idem, 1. i, iind 
 Puftendorf, lib. 4, ch. 6, fed. 12. Cicero alfo ob- 
 
 ferves, ** ^lod ruique olfti^rcty id quifque tcncut.'* 
 
 lUit as the Continent of America was neither dereli^ 
 nor uninhahitedy we may fafely conclude, that the firft 
 European emigrants id America had no right to efta- 
 
 bliih 
 
 » PurtcnJ. dc Jvir. Nat. & Gent. lib. IV. cap. 7. * 
 
 #^: N, 
 
 
f 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 •■ r 
 
 t . 
 
 1 f 
 
 [ i^ 1 
 
 blifli thcnifi'lvfs there/ 'I'lthcut the confc-nt of the nn- 
 tirr /r-'ytfv i,i ami thai the fcvcr.il gratus of Amc- 
 
 n » in t ' • i- 1 1 1 ■ ) 1 \ 
 
 , wtiu !i thcv rccciviil Irom 
 
 th 
 
 iir rclncc- 
 
 (\' 
 
 t. 
 
 (>\ (If I.MIS, 
 
 conld .itlbrd nuX^ t.oiyiiu^il funtlions U)y 
 fliclr ti!HliMt.«kinp,s. 'Ilif ingenious Mr. Dummcr^ in 
 his di kiu f of the NfW lin'.;l;uul ( hirirrs, maintains, 
 thu th- nown luithcr did nor iz:,ii grant the foil of 
 Atncri* I, hivinci in irfclf no riglu thereto. The full 
 En'^lifh \\ tt 
 
 uiiuiit having heen th^re hy a "patent fro 
 
 ni 
 
 <;iiriii l.livaiKih to Sir Waiter Kalelgh, he alks *' it 
 lie !i i.i inv ri 'ht, \v!i at was it, and from whence 
 
 <« 
 
 <i 
 
 (» 
 
 (( 
 
 t( 
 
 derived, h was not" adds he, " a right of inhe- 
 ritauie, beeaiife thofe countries did not defcend to 
 her trom lier ancellors;— not of conquefl, becaiifc 
 ilu- neither con<iuercd, nor attempted to conquer 
 them; beluLs, it would be h.ird to conceive how a 
 
 " romiucff 
 
 * Ju.ljrc J?/.; W II •, l",)c.i!-.i.i,^ .if tlic riglit of migration, cr of fcndiiiii 
 colonics ti) litiil .>ii: ncu Iia'''.t.i;i(>ns, « Iitii the mother roiiiitry wasovci- 
 rh.\ij;i..l •.vit!) iiiliahit.ii.; ;, Jays, " in long ;is it vi.is loiitnuil to the Hoc! - 
 '* int, and ciiltivati.H\ ot <'••'>/ vr'ul- ihitiA t<)\int riis, it kipt llri'llv within 
 " the limit?, ot the law i.| ti.itme. Hut (o'litiiiius he) iiow tar tlie lei/. 
 " iiijr on e.tiiiiriicN alreailx jifopleil, arul drivin'^ out theiiinoceiU ami lU 
 " teiuelefs iiativts, men U hn ui.i day tlirtiTctl frnm thtii invaders ir 
 " language, in iclui>)ii, in lUtl ,ins. in ^ovtrnmenl, or in coloni ; ho\i 
 " tar luch convliiiil was coiiron.in: to nature, to realon, or to Chriilian.ly, 
 " (lefcrved vicli to l)c ronlideie.l hy thole wlio havo rendered their name- 
 " imniovlal t-; /'mj ili.tr.zinj^ n:r:kii:J." 
 
 t l.'Alili- R ,,l. thi- iuvenions author of the lUlloiy of the I'ettle 
 ments of the Fnropean'; in the Fall and Wctl-lndies, remarks, " I ha' 
 *' i c'ltt, thr i'diind-.r of t)i< Dutch ( olony at the Cape of (P'jcxi Hi/><*. 
 *' in confonii.vk* to tlic notion-, thet» unhappily prevailing among the 
 Kuiopcans, be (.-an to take pofli iTi.m otthe moll rnmniodious part of tlir 
 ttiiitoiy of the Hottentots, and ht alterwardj dtdgncd S> lix himfelt 
 there. Tliis hehaviour ^th'." Jh'\ ohllrves) ditplealed /vf '•.(itiva.— 
 '"'.•; T/'/i.?/ prcteruc, faid tlitir Knvoy to thefe Ihangcrs, h.ivc \ru fown r,:n 
 iirdsr Why do )ou employ them to feed v5.vr cuttle? Ho-x irould y'- 
 'I'have, if yon (jlw your own fields invaded in \h\s manner: You fortiiy 
 yourfclves with no other view than to reduce toe Hottentots to llavery. 
 " 'I'hefc rcnionlhancev (etuitinius .uu autlior) were followed hy lomr 
 " hodilitics, which hfonght the founder of the colony hack to thole 
 " pnnc'tplci of jHilue an'l hutH.tniis, that were agreeable to liis natural 
 ** chara<lcj-. V: purchafc.i the country he -uianteJ la occupy fir the funt oi 
 " 90,000 /;wrf J f'^ 39.17 ; 10 fhrlin^) -which v>ai pnid Inmerchandizt. A\\ 
 " parties were reronriied, and froni that time to thi5,thcj« has been no 
 :' farther diituibancc." 
 
 (* 
 
 t( 
 {< 
 
 ti I 
 <i 
 
 C( 
 
 i( 
 i( 
 i( 
 (( 
 (t 
 
 
 ' ^ 
 
 t\. 
 
r '3 J 
 
 of the nn- 
 s of Amc- 
 cir rcfptc- 
 niilions for 
 
 uvivicr. 
 
 \\\ 
 
 inuiiu.iii'ks, 
 
 ihc foil of 
 
 The fiilt 
 
 atcMit from 
 
 alks " it 
 )ni whence 
 ht of inhc- 
 defceiul to 
 ft, bee :i life 
 ;o comiucr 
 eive how x 
 * comiuclf 
 
 )r of fcnilitu 
 It ry \*ns over 
 il ti> t/ic 11. u I - 
 llri'tiv aitl-tii\ 
 V lai tlie (ri/.- 
 u'liU .iiul <U 
 I invaders i: 
 colDiii ; hoM 
 (.'lihiHan'.ty, 
 I their name- 
 
 if the tirttlc 
 Tks " I Im- 
 )f iiood H'^pc, 
 amcing the 
 us part of thr 
 o fix himfclt 
 
 'Idlll'Li.— 
 
 c sfu ib'wn cut 
 If it'ould > ■ .' 
 You fortiiv 
 its to llavery. 
 ctl hy {cm\r 
 li'k to tliuli- 
 liis natural 
 or the fum of 
 hjiidizi: A\\ 
 has been no 
 
 conqueft:, where there was no preceding Injury or 
 
 provocation, could create aright:* nor did it 
 
 aiife by purchafe, no money or other valuable con- 
 ilileration liavinp, been paid : nor could (he claim by 
 j)rior dileovery, or preoecupancy, becaufe they give a 
 right only to unitihahitiJ lutulsi\ which thcfe vcrc 
 not, being full of inhabitants, who undoubtedly had 
 as good a right to their own country, as the Euro- 
 peans had to theirs. And fure no body will lay, 
 in plain terms, that we have any claim upon the 
 foot that wc are Chrillians, and they are Heathens. | 
 Rome itfclf (continues he) imperious as flic is, never 
 carried her pretences to tliis height; for though 
 fome of her dojflors have taught, abfurdly enough, 
 '* that ikminion is founded in grace, none of them liavc 
 
 ♦• faid 
 
 <i 
 
 *( 
 (1 
 
 (i 
 <( 
 
 (I 
 <( 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 * Stc Curlcnuqiii, vol. l. 
 
 t The following authoritjtivv faels f'hihiidi and anfirm tlii- doffrioe. 
 
 •n the a7th of April, l^io, Kini; 7''"' > tin- I irll gi;inti<i In thartci 
 Kfv'foundLind to the I'.ail of Northampton and others; and as tlu ^Mounds 
 tor Airh prant, it is deelared in tiic liiid chjrter, *' 'I'hat bring aliiirtd 
 " the country adjoining to wiiiih, wlure «>ui fuhjec't'; have l)ecn ulcd t«> 
 " filh, rematHeth fi dcliltiitc and deJuiUe ofhihibitautiy that 'fcarcc any 'Jur 
 " liiv&^e pcrl'on hath in many years h«en I'een mi mofl parts thereof, and 
 *' well knouing, ii\at the Came /vi».'^ and hi-'mo jh vaca> t , is as v.cll for the 
 '* rcalons aforefaid, as for many othrr reafons. very commodious for us, 
 " and our <l<ir.iinions; and thiil ly ihc luv '■jf Uiit'irc iind ,uiti :■(, wcmayof 
 " our royal authority ^s^'/i ourlelves, and make grant tiiereof, without 
 *' doing wrong to any other prince or ftat», cutidderin^ thes cannot julfly 
 *' pretend any fovcreignty or right therenntJ, in rcfpe^l /'■ ./ thtfrnt- rc- 
 " m.iiiiithj'o vacant, and tut tiduallv l'jf''jl''d dud inkuhltid hy any ihrtjiiuttf 
 
 " OR OIHF.R WllA r.^OT.VKK." ^ 
 
 In 1629, " IHvcrs of the Knglilh nation ♦Imling the illands of CtiieVtnt 
 *' and Tortti^a tnipojj'cjfed -^nA rw/^fy of inhal>itants, did thereupon Iriic, 
 *' and begin to plant colonies on them, giving to the former the name of 
 " the ijlnid of ProvtJouc, and to the latter the name of the ifland of 
 " yllJ'oiiiition ; and which they continuing to inhabit and occupj;^ after 
 " the clbbliflimcntof peace between Iiis Bri.n.n'h- Mfjfjh and the Cath'ltc 
 " A.'w?^, anno 1630, the Spnvtur.U became thereat oHcndcd, and therefore 
 *' complained thtreol to Ktr.<i CkarUi thr h'irjr, by their /^wV^/j.^fr, who 
 " who gave in anfwer to the laid complaint, that h\% Jubjeds hdving found 
 " thot'e illands, both iinpo[lii,d hy the Spaniards, iK.d uiiinhr.bited by any 
 " other people what sopvck, had thereupon, by the laws of nature, ai 
 *' well as of nations, a liberty and right to lit down and plant there."— 
 Defence of the Scots Scttlcnu lit at Daricn, &c. j|i 1699, p. 69, 60. ^ 
 
 "»«« Pulfv'ndorf, paj^'C 9S. 
 
 t w 
 
 •tft 
 
 S.Vr 
 
\% 
 
 f! 
 
 I' * 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 L »4 i 
 
 ** h'\i\ i\\M propci 
 
 Tlicrc remain'; then, (l\f 
 
 (i 
 
 it 
 
 i< 
 
 aiiils^ ;jo oiki-r ri(^ht * but what is ilcrivcil tVotu the 
 n.itivf lords oF the luil, and that is whit tlu- tint 
 New Kngland jUantcrs rchcd on, having purchalld 
 
 1', 
 
 5.- 
 
 cvc. 
 
 Vhc fevcral nations or tvih 
 
 I's ot Aincrira, liavini' 
 
 btcn 'till tlu-n tu.ki 
 
 nown to all i^ilur prim is or Aaris 
 could not pofi'iMy l\avc owed cithti- tnbjcction or alle- 
 giance to any eanhly power and conreiiueiuly mnii h.ivc 
 bccu iiuicp* ndt ni roinnnniitiL--, ind as luili, nnili Ji.i\i' 
 been capable of acquiriiii; tc ri itoncs, aiul mlur kind 
 of property, in the lame numntr, ;inil bv tlie fame 
 means as drhcr eommunitic. s tnakc the liki ac qniiilions. 
 'riie moll comn-.on anil ctVicliial means, bv ^^^nil a na- 
 tion anil people may acquire tin projuity of aiountry 
 is crii^ina/ or primitive '■,ccupr.'u\. ** A nation lays 
 ** Hi. Rurh(:ifonh. i bv liitlim' uixm anv trael ot 
 " land, which ai the time ot luih rittlement had no 
 " other owner, acquires, in rtlj)ict of all other fJ.i- 
 ** tions, an cxehifivc right (d tull or ablolnti proper- 
 " ty, nut only in the land, but in the waters liktwilc 
 
 •' that 
 
 ' Thr p.itii tlr ,iP'i li.:i<ni(l l>r. Vif, tii nnfwfr fo fiich roiirtly v» ri- 
 ti'.i as rfllriud " riif lan.l, "ii vjiirh »l>c Aiii' i n .ins li.id kttlfi!, w.v 
 •' •7ttM"--;ilk'-, " Hut liow lamc it "^rt ;* If ("ailing' -ilong a court tan givr 
 " a lU'lit to a fmmtr> , thui might tin* people- ot 'Tif>u>; l)irorm, a« ihnn 
 '• astiur pltatc, tl\- py-'pncto) i cf Br.t r.n. N'otliing can be mort ch:ii ,- 
 •' r: il tU.tn pn>prity foiindcil on liii li a njlon. It liic land on uhiili 
 •' tlic coloiiics firlt Iftllfd, l\!il :iny p)'>^r':tr.'St t!f\ -. crc tU- nulu-a; tlif 
 
 •' •MiatcH part of wluclw/'iv ,'tlic c(dnni{ls') hnweht. '.t' Ire u.itivti." 
 
 Oi«rcr\a',i->iis on tlu- NalUK of Civil l.il.itty, &c. 1 oiidoti, T-'A. 
 
 '* Altlioiivrli S] in, hy an imuiiinai \ title oi j.ut from/'. /':,*•(*, lii I 
 •• laid a formal ( laim to t!u- v\holc of Amcica, vet «vcty otlier iiitmn 
 •' that pUalcd, tiM>k 'he iilirity to orriip\ and poflilr in til! ii- lUKii nglit, 
 *' l'uj> .■....«.* i:'i ui.iii'ruhite.! /jh.'/< in Amt-'rica, as thrv Iiappiued tjpni 
 " tunc to lime to discover by thtii own inilufhy, and at tluir own pro- 
 '• per cxptBce, elKihlitiiinp tluir rc)pt(^!iv«. titks in conquert, in lawful 
 " v.ai, n;'"'v, pn\rilt, or fcfr.c k:i:,{ of anticibfr i:^reenu-nt ivith tie ihUiTCs, 
 " wliiih to <i< the 1 ngliih nation iuftlic, has hccn tlu only foundation i>f 
 «' their < •<''^'' and fol.il claim to all the polUflions, which they hold at 
 •' this time in America. " Hi(tory of the Hritifti Plantations in Amciica. 
 I'ait thr l(i, by Sir WWiam Krith, I'.aronct, London, I738. 
 
 J^ 
 
 I 
 
 *■ Iiilti iitti of Natur.ii L.tw, K. II. iai>. y. 
 
 
 <( 
 
 li 
 «« 
 
 4( 
 
 i( 
 
 i I 
 (( 
 l( 
 II 
 «< 
 <i 
 II 
 il 
 il 
 ii 
 i( 
 t( 
 
 If «. 
 
 Il 
 
ihcn, [he. 
 1 tVom the 
 It the- til t'r 
 
 purchalctl 
 
 I" a, havini; 
 i>. or ft at IS 
 oil or alic- 
 imili h.ivc 
 imili Ji.ivo 
 • ilur kind 
 tlu' fame 
 Lqiiiiitic^us. y 
 vMi \\ .1 n.i- !' 
 P a country | 
 ation lays | 
 V tract o! 1 
 int had iif) fj 
 othir n.i- 
 itt proper- 
 rs likcwilc 
 *♦ thai 
 
 1 roiirtiy v» ri- 
 Uttk-ii, u:i'. 
 
 oart f.in j;ivr 
 mil , a' toon 
 iiiort .hi' :- 
 
 111 on w liiili 
 >!,it!vr\; tlio 
 
 .■.':rfk." 
 
 --6. 
 
 /':,V, h.i 1 
 )t!ifr fia^inn 
 ir own riglit, 
 .ipiiu'd tr,()n\ 
 J ir ow n pro- 
 ll. in lawful 
 /' //(■ ihitmcsf 
 onnilation of 
 they hold at 
 in Amciic.i. $§ 
 8. 
 
 I '3- ] 
 
 ili;it art iiulmlcd wiihiii the laud, iuch ns rivers 
 
 pOi)ls, 
 
 crtt! 
 
 Ul" 
 
 ays. 
 
 'riiib ahlulutc property o 
 
 .1 nation, in what it has thus icizcd upuu, is its lit^ht 
 
 *' (). lupaucy, (adilb he) in the 
 
 <.»t territory. 
 
 h( 
 
 *( 
 
 <i 
 
 *( 
 
 v^rofs, j^^avc tlic uatio.i, tio.i^ the iirlt, i right of 
 abluluti. property in the land where it fettled. But 
 a rnhleiiuent dithihutlon and alVnnunent, or a fub- 
 itqueni oetii|):incy in parcels, gives the fcvcral mcni- 
 LKr^ ot the nation [>riv.ite property in their refpet- 
 
 ri\(.- 
 
 Hi; 
 
 irc s. 
 
 
 Judi;e Hliukjiini- alio fays that '* as occupancs gave 
 ** the ri^ht to the temporary life of the foil, fo it is 
 " a'.;rti.d upon all haudb, that oecupanry gave alfo the 
 " original right to tlu pL-rinanent property, in the 
 ** lubllante of the earth itfelf, \vhi».h excludes every 
 *• one ell'e but the owner, from the ult of it. There 
 *' is, indeed, (obferves he) Ibme dirterente among the. 
 *' writers on natural law, concerning the reafon -a/'/ 
 occupancy Ihould convey this right, and invert one 
 with this .ibloliite property; C rot ins and PuJfrnJorJ * 
 infiftini^, that this riglu of occupancy ib founded 
 upon a tacit and implied aflenl of all mankind, that 
 the firft occupant (liould become the owner- And 
 Biirhcyrciij Tit'uiny Mr. Locke ^ and others, holding 
 there is no fueh implied alTeni \ neither is it necef- 
 I'ary that there iLould be, for that the very ac^t of 
 occupancy alone, being a degree of bodily labour, 
 ii. from a principle of natural julUce, without any 
 
 " confent 
 
 • " Aftet men can;: to a rifolution of quitting tl c piimitivc comnui- 
 niun, upon the niciii;th of »• previous contract, they allignul to cati> 
 ,i(.rron hii (hare out of the general (lock, enhcr \>y the autl.oiitv of 
 r-»'<-'>ts, oi I)V unueil.i! lonltnt, or by lot, or fonutimcs hy the Ir.-e 
 thoice of the party recci\inc. Now it was at tlic iatr.c time ;-^iec<!, 
 that »\l.atcver Jid not come under this grand divillon, Ihoiild pali t«» 
 the tirft occupant, that is, to him who, bcfoic others, took botii»y 
 
 '■ pollefTiun ot it, with intention to keep it as hit own." 
 
 I'hclc arc the words of I'ufiitndorf. who conclude^ with (iiotius, fh:!t 
 
 v»!iereas original^- acquisition was at lirft made Ly divinon. " i; w.t 
 
 II 
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 n 
 
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 •I) 
 
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 conlVnt or comp.iv^t, rufTii-lcnt of iifclf to gain ;i till •. 
 A tlifpiitc (continues hcj that riivoms too much oi 
 
 cs 
 
 ** nifc .uul fchohilbc rclincnicnti liowivcr both lij 
 aiiiLi in tliib, that ^.i\ uNlnc\ is the thini' hv which 
 
 <i 
 
 *' the title t\as in f.u t oi ii;in:illy gained: every man 
 '* l.uinp, to his own i o-.uinued ule fueh 1 pots ot" ground 
 *' as Ik t'ound molt a<'rceah!e to his own convenience. 
 
 <( 
 
 provided he found them unoccupitd hy any one cll"( 
 
 And ot this opinion u as // c:/.?//;//,' who fays, ** 'IIkit 
 the firii p^jtlllVion ot a thing gives tlu polllllbv a 
 greati I rii.>hi to it, tlcin any oiln r nuoi has, or can 
 ha\t, 'til lir and all that clain^ uneUr liini, are <v- 
 ly fr:r,:t- cCiUf^afwy gives no right, is 
 
 m 
 it 
 
 t( 
 
 (i 
 
 tr 
 
 (( 
 
 cc 
 
 Ci 
 
 'VI 
 
 '!. 
 
 lo i 
 
 if*] 
 
 ini <»iiriritnt \\",(li the peace and happinels oi mankind 
 
 ni Pcncral 
 
 Tlielc anilioi itii s (though ahunil.lnce of otlicrs 
 might hi lircd) w'lW TtHru icntly prove, i hat ;.»•;/ /•c/z/ry 
 has been univcrlailv adnnttcd, as rulVicient to veil the 
 ]nc)pcrty of a (Ountry, or iliibict in a nation, ot tribe 
 occupying, the laniej ;ind eonleipicntly, that tlic abo- 
 rigines of Ameri> a have an abfolute cxeluilve right to 
 the countries they polVelsi- -thiv, by the immemorial, 
 xniinttrrupted cxereife of every act, wl^ieh is necclTary 
 to conOitu'iC iii ///><.'/.( V, cither by the laws of nature, 
 or of nations, nuitl: have acquiryd a valid title to 
 their territories, if even thcpoireihon had been at hril 
 unjuftly gained. Hut I'urely this was not the cafe; iof 
 whether wt conlldcr tliem as having been, by divint 
 providepce, tirfl tranlplanted to America, or as having Vi«M 
 been (according tj ilieir own beliet) created thcrCy^ 
 yer, in cither cafj, their polielllon muft have bee 
 obtained without thofe crimes, or that injufticc, on 
 
 which 
 
 • Sec WooblJon's Religion of S'ature. 
 
 \ " For wc mull tdl ) ou, that lonp before one hundred years, our an- 
 *' icQors t.iwt- &.'// ofthiivertonunJ, and their children have rtmainei 
 " Jicrccvcr ftnci." S^tub of the lix nations at tbc treaty of LaucttUi. 
 
 tel 
 
 n 
 
 <fi.: 
 
 p. 
 
 *• •>.- 
 
y g-iin .1 Inl:. 
 ^o much oi 
 '• both lIJc, 
 
 'i' h' ^vhici, 
 
 ^^^■>y inarj 
 ts orgroiuid 
 oiivcniciicc, 
 ') one cllt." 
 ys, " Thar f 
 
 »is, or cm 
 
 > Jight, IS 
 ^< JuankiiiiJ ^ 
 
 of others f 
 
 •"''''Uf^iJUi y f 
 
 lo Veil the I 
 » ot- tiibc 1 ' 
 f f'lc abo- » 
 ^ >jght to [ 
 'H'nioriaf, 
 lU'cclTaiy 
 
 nature, 
 
 Jirif to 
 n ui firil 
 a/c; lor 
 diviiit 
 » iiaving 
 thcrc^ f 
 ^e been 
 ice, on 
 
 which 
 
 I, nuran- 
 rrtnaincd 
 
 iii-atki. 
 
 [ '7 ) 
 
 ^kith Furopt-an titles arc frcijueiitly iounclcd. for 
 
 it mull have been jiiven by the hand of that Ui:iNG, 
 
 %tho irmted thi worUy an J is the tno/i rightful Jifpojcr 
 
 of it. Aud uolwithllaiuliiu^ the princes of Lurope 
 
 •rro^iantly .illuiULvl ilic »' Muinion and property of A- 
 
 meriea, ilill the rir;ht of the Indian natives has been fo 
 
 gviJfnty and the ifijiijii'f oi taking it from lliem has 
 
 bt-en It) fenlibly felt, tl\ar mol\ of the fovcreigns of 
 
 'iF.uropc liave been tompcUcdy by the force of truth and 
 
 Jvj\illiec, to acknowledge the Indian tribes or i>^iions to 
 
 khc irndtpendfut t onwiunitit's -, and to rccogyiize their 
 
 right to the feveral countries ijihabited by them, but 
 
 iilfo io I'urchafc inidt-r that right. 
 
 In i66: King ChArks the Second grunted the char- 
 ter of Hhcdi' I/Iu}idy !kc. and therein is recited, that, 
 •* They the faid John Clerk, IJenjamin Arnold, &c. 
 •* and the reft of the purchiifirs and inhabitants of 
 *' our iil.ind, called Rhode Uland, and the reft of the 
 colony tyf I'rovideiice plantations, did tranfplant 
 themlelves into the m'ldii of the Indian ndticnSywhOf 
 as we are informed, are ihc mr^i potent princes and 
 *• people of all that country, where, by the good pro- 
 vidence of God upon their labour and huluftry, 
 they have not only been preferved to admiration, 
 but have increafed and profpercd, nndarefeizedand 
 polfi'lfsdy by piirchiife and confent of the faid natives, 
 to their full content, of fueh lands, rivers, harbours 
 and roads, as are very convenient both for planta- 
 tions, and building llups," &c. And in 1663, the 
 following ch'cular letter was tranfmitted by the King's 
 command, June the 21ft, 1663, to the Governor and 
 Affoci^tes of the Maffachufct'^s^ Plymouth^ New Haven, 
 and Conne^icut colonies. ' , 
 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 4 
 
 Charlts 
 
 
 ««;. 
 
l\ 
 
 -t 
 
 h ■ 
 
 '■' \* 
 
 hi'- 
 
 I 
 
 
 •,!>1 
 
 p 
 
 L 
 
 1.9 ] 
 
 Tri'st\ .uuI well bclov^tl, .\\\ A^'^'^'^ y*->i' ^vell. 
 
 JJ/'Il E RE .iSy Wc h.ivt Ikiu i;ivcn to iHKltrrt.tiui, 
 thai our imxkI hiI)'n.».Hs, 'Ihoni.is Chillinch, John 
 Scoil, John \Vii)tIiri)p, l).iMi(.l l)i iiniliMJ, Simon I'n.ul- 
 Ihcct, ihom.is Millc I-, Ri> li.ncl Smhh, I'.dw.iul Hmcl'. 
 iDloDf Amos Huh. iiilloii, John Ah ock, Willi.ir.i lluJ- 
 lon, ami their Ali'oi iatcs, hiviiip, in tlu ripht ot 
 ^lajor Allurtoii, iJ j,Jl hrcf'r'utx in tl\- f^'arriijianf', i 
 country ii\ N\\v l■n,^!.lu^l, y £i,i>.fc fi:m the native 
 frir.ict cftl\it iOuntrw aiul bc'iv<\ KLjir-jUi t: imf^r^^c it 
 into an Ei^lif: i 'Jouy aiul pl.nit.uioii, to ihc ciilar^;ing of 
 our I'njiiro, ami the \.ommon i',ooil of our ^uhjtd'ij 
 tht'y arc yet duly dijlurlu 1^ anJ unjujUy miLjUJ in th-ir 
 t^lI'M'^'^ ^i^'f l^iiidil'lc cjuLiivours^ by ctrlain uincalba- 
 ablc and tmbnhnt fpirits of I'roviJcncc colony, of 
 New linglaml aford.iiJ, ti> the qrcat Icandal of jiilticc 
 and govLi'inncnt, and the imnwieiit Jijl^uraijirmnt of 
 that hopeful plantation. 
 
 Wc have therefore thought fit herebv cfte«llual!v to 
 rccommeud the /.//./ proprietors to your neighbourly 
 kindnefs and protection*, the prr,prict'jrs to be per- 
 mitted peaceably to improve their colony and planta- 
 tion, in New England, willing you, on all occajions ty 
 be ajjijiing to thetn^ agaiidl fuch unjuft oppreliions and 
 moleilations, that fo they may he fciurcd in the full anJ 
 -pCiUeabte enjoyment of thi-jr said Country, ac- 
 cording to the right and title they have to it, wherein 
 we will not doubt of your rcadinefs and care, and 
 fliall, on all good occafions, exprefs how gracioully wc 
 accept of your compliance with our recommeud.ition ; 
 and fo wc bid you farewell. <^. 
 
 Given at our Court at Whitehall, tlie 2 iR day of June, 1663, 
 in the 15th year of our reign. . .* • 
 
 By his Miijerty'b command, 
 
 HENRY BENNET. 
 Minutes oi Council, — Whitehall. 
 
 3 .:!; 
 
 \J 
 
r 19 1 
 
 'II ^^■c\^, 
 iKlcntuu'*, 
 'hIi, John 
 non lli.nl- 
 I J Huttl: 
 i.Mn Hiid- 
 
 rriifian/it 
 he iL7tive 
 ^npr9vc it 
 aiging of 
 
 / in tht-ir 
 Jiicafon- 
 lony, of 
 >^ j II It ice 
 mi lit of 
 
 u.illy to 
 bouily 
 - ptr- 
 ilaiita- 
 
 Jions tiy. 
 
 ns an J 
 
 f/// an J 
 , ac- 
 
 KTcin 
 
 .ind 
 ly wc 
 tion; 
 
 ET. 
 
 King Charh's the iSccotid alfo granted a charter of 
 nu orpor.ition H) Lord liilloughhy of l\iihaiu, for the 
 colony of Surinrifn^ aiul thcrciui in tlic luofl explicit 
 manner, ackni-wlcdgcd the original right of the ludi- 
 auj to the I II: c. 1 Ik iharfcr nicn'ions '* //.v /ini/ul 
 •* potf. (hr.ijf ,1/;, I tif/r oi him tiit. faid Lord Willoughby 
 *' and lus hvir^, of, in, and fo tlic afortfaid part of 
 *' the main land wlihln tlv rivtri> and limits afi.»!ciaid, 
 •* /a ticqttirtil /m, and icntriicliil Jci ivtth the native 
 ** §iunfrsi and inhabitants thereof," and decl.ovs, 
 that the faid coloTiy " ought to be encouraged and 
 ** providetl of good anil nccellary laws for the ordci ly 
 *' i'/)vernnieat thereof, that lb, not r,nly the trndc^ hux. 
 ** alp the ihninicn cf this ^ur kiiiiil-m mw)' be theivby 
 *' mnih augmented and inercafed," and that ior- the 
 purpolc ''* oi rntifyiny^ And conjirniiiig, as much as 
 
 ** IN USUI'S, THKJUSrANI) LAWFUL titU aild 
 
 *' tight of him the faid Lord Willoughby, and his 
 
 ** heirs an^l ailigns, i/" and into the Jamc^ in as rimple 
 
 " a manner as hatli at any time heretofore hecn grant- 
 
 *' /•</ to any pcrfon or perpjnSt owner or owners^ pro* 
 
 *' prict'-.r or pr:prie!orSy lord or lords of any other 
 
 " plantation in America. 
 " We do therefore," he* 
 
 Soon after the Englifli had cftablifhed themfelvcs in 
 America, the Dutch made fettlemcnts at Ntxo Tork^ 
 and at the mouth of the river Delaware, and alfo at 
 the entrance of Connecticut river; and at each of ihcfc 
 fettlemcnts, they purchafed the foil of its native Indian 
 inhabitants:! they, however, defertcd the two laft 
 fettlemcnts, but extended that of New York. The 
 Dutch had not long abandoned the river Delaware, 
 before a number of Swedes and Finns, encouraged by 
 
 GuJiaviiS 
 
 • Recorded in the Rolls Chapel,— Chancery Lane, London. 
 t See Smith's Hittory of New York, 
 
 .<%•. 
 
• i 
 
 
 I' 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 1' 
 I' 
 
 i r 
 
 
 [ 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 
 rvfT^'f -'/:.; /'/r, tnnrportcd and cllabliflicd thcin 
 .•»• th :•'■. iiti.i '' ; •/. . /. ,/;•/ of the Indians tlu; hinds 
 tri»u.vi,( IJoiwr \x \\\ !• il's nt* /)<7tixy.ir<', on botli 
 luUs 1)1 I.. iiMi. u ,1, h '111 y t .ilii-d New iSwcdclanJ 
 
 I'll, • if ft thr huiiiiu chiifs t 
 
 (( 
 
 «' S 
 
 tiA .(III, 
 
 •in 
 
 a 
 
 />3 
 
 (t 
 
 *' oin.unpr.u (aUlipouVlliun oTilu' laiul lopurclialcd/** 
 'J'!k- Dhfi/) noivuihiianilin;.', alll itnl tlitir pn unlions to 
 the fDuniry, (h.iviiu; i>r«.\ionlly el'tahlillu d thinil'clvc^ 
 on a part of it wiilmi the Capes of l)i lawarc) And 
 ilvnuwiUA ihiir ilaiin en ,i f^u/ i'h.iff wh'uh ihcv hati 
 
 mack' 
 
 J^'l 
 
 V 19, U>si» Iroin ihc Inilian uuncis of all 
 
 llu; lands " beginning at the wtit hde of the l^luni'ju.: 
 or Chiiliiana Kill, in thi Indian I,ain',u»jN- named 
 Suff'tLOii^hf and extending, to the month ot llie bay 
 or v'wLV rAkd /> com t^t Hjk\ in tlu: hulian lau«Mi:i(u 
 Cannarejfe^ and fo tar inland as tl»e bonn«Is and b 
 
 it 
 
 <( 
 
 ii 
 
 {( 
 
 <( 
 
 mits of the Muniquai laml, \k\\\\ all llu- Itnanis, 
 
 appurtenances and dcpcndeneics thereof/'t And 
 
 the Court of Surdrn apprehcmhcl alio, that no \i[\,\\ 
 or juft title could be acquired lor lands in America, 
 except by f^rtint or ccjjlon fiom thi native proprietors 
 thcrcot; and tlureforr that Court, in 1656. prefented 
 the following Memorial to their High Migluinellls the 
 
 States General of Holland. 
 
 *' THE un<lerwritten lu/i.ieni of Sweden doth find 
 himfelf obliged, by exprefs ordery to declare imtc> 
 their High and Mighty Lordlhips herewith, that the 
 eommijjioners cj ihe H^eji India cjtnpany in this country 
 in the New Nethetlandsy now, the lall fummer, did 
 unexpectedly allault, by force of arms, the Swedijb 
 cclony there ; taking from them their forts, and 
 drove away the inhabitants, and wholly difpofleflld 
 
 " the 
 
 «< 
 <r 
 «c 
 it 
 (t 
 <{ 
 it 
 
 * Smith's niftory of New Jerfey. 
 
 t Smith's Hillory of New York, an<l the A fTcmhly of Pcnnfylvania ir 
 j68i, declared " this land vo have be.n poJ]'cJ^d bj the Dutch^ indhf^g^^ 
 •• by them of the natives."' 
 
liOicd thcin- 
 Aiis tlio lands 
 \f.irt't on l)()tl> 
 w Swi dclanJ 
 //»;// chiifs t(. 
 purclMrccl."* 
 xiiinllons to 
 <\ iluinlclvo/v 
 lawarc) anit 
 ill ihi.v hatt 
 •\vncjs of all 
 tlic l^luni'ju.i 
 \\\M\c nanicil 
 li of lliL bay 
 !an lauiMiaiu 
 Hinds .inil 1' 
 ilu- (tii.ims, 
 
 f."f Antt 
 
 Ii.it nil \( imI 
 
 in Amtiicj, 
 
 proprictoi s 
 
 >. pri Tented 
 
 uincllls ilic 
 
 \i doth find 
 •clarc unto 
 
 |li, that the 
 lis countrv 
 
 jnimcr, did 
 
 ic Swfdijh 
 
 forts, and 
 
 lifpofll-flVd 
 
 " thi: 
 
 jnfylvania in 
 
 I ii 1 
 
 the Swcdlrti company of their dil\ric\ j-- it ii trnc 
 
 * and witliont ilifpuii"." 
 (The Rij'uUut tunhti obfcrvcd) ** Thai lUcSmc/'fiiOm' 
 
 ' ptiny dul .:. juiy*-^ o i' r i \^^^ r I T u I. o lir u I s, that part 
 
 which thiv polVclViil, and did buy it of the luitivci^ 
 
 ' and cowiccjiuntiy liavc had polTellion or it for fc^e- 
 
 ' ral ytarsi and wiriiou r that (purthal'c) //r 
 
 *' li'rli India cinpiViy of thr/t' rountrirs did nev^r pt e^ 
 
 *• irnl In <viy thif.y. W lui-i.tv)rc" the fiid Rrfident 
 
 ** dotli not doubt but ihcfc hollibiics will very much 
 
 * dil'plcalc their Ilii;h and Mighty Lordlhips; and 
 ' doth dtTn-e, in the n line of his moft p,raiious A'l;?^ 
 ' and Lord (of Surdrn ) that tlieir lligli ami M'l'Jity 
 
 * Loi'dfliips would be pleall'd to i,v!<.c fomc fpeedy 
 ** order for tbe reditlluig of fui h Jivliiwf'ul procccd- 
 
 •• iiit;s, K till iullice, tiie nnitu.d amity between 
 
 " both nations, wwA. the coidenuence of the bulinefs 
 ** reijuire, ami is ixpeilvd ivom tlieii- I lii'h Wifdoms, 
 ** wheit^y the iSu'<(////' company may be rrjiortd un- 
 •* di-mnificd. Done at the IliigUi the 22d March, 1656. 
 
 ^i 
 > 
 
 N. iS.] Si'.^ned, 
 
 H. .^pfdch'.om. 
 
 In 1664, Colonel Nichols, Sir Robert Cane, and 
 |iwo other Hriiifh cominillioners, with a Imall lieei and 
 army, reduced all the Dutch pollinions in that part of 
 America, to the dominion of the crown of Fni^land, and 
 when thefc forces were before the city of New Amller- 
 cLini (fince New York) and had lummoni- I the (lover- 
 nor and Magiftrates to Uirrender to the King, tliey an- 
 fwcred, that they *' /\idfiiti/.'a/idthi-/jndc/fhi'Ka-' 
 tivi's, princes of tht- count ry^ and had continued in 
 the uinterrupied jiotrciTion tliereof, and that they 
 made no doubt, that if his Majeity of (^reat Ihitain 
 were truly informed of thefe facts, he was too ju- 
 dicious to give any order, that the places and for.- 
 
 i( 
 
 (( 
 
 it 
 
 trelfes in their hands iliould be given up," &c. 
 
 • Thurloc's Sutc Pap -is, »ol. 5 
 
 After 
 
:;: 
 
 ifll 
 
 H 
 
 » ;• 
 
 I' 
 
 ■>i 
 
 I -2 j 
 
 After the D./*A rfulcmiMU> in this p.nrt of A»ucri<*,\ 
 were itiliK t I, Coloiul nidi.MvI Nichols, .SirUolun 
 Cain-, (Kori',« C.im\ii|>lii, ,hI S.imiul M.i\ciick, 
 Eliirs. itt out, .ij'rcc.ihlL' to \ i\Hi'\.\\ < ominillioii hiim 
 Kin^ CI'Aflis ilu Si\-t!ift t(>>ilif tlu IcMi.tl N\w l.iig- 
 l.iiul t olenifs, .iih' cn<jiiiri into |> iriicul.u- .il)iif«.s whii l\ 
 li.ui bci n coinpl.ii.ictl i)f, in thr .hIik; lim i('h»m (H jnl"- 
 licc anil oi government in tluK rnloiiii-^: .ind the 
 inftriu'Viuns whic Ii thi y rcccivt'l (roni the KiiV';i « '^ - 
 fpcilint* ihr ohjuts i>t tluii vilit, illoril .luiilut inoof, 
 thll lif conluK'JcJ tlic lifJui'i Kiit!'j>:i t^i ;\nitiir\ .;j 
 imicl'ifuit'nt jhiti's^ ijiiitUJ (o tin i»cmr.il bcnctifs uf" 
 property, ;uk! ot" iul'tif4, :— -I'.ii i ot' thtlc inltrudiioiis 
 were as iollow, \ iz. 
 
 '* You Ih.ill inlorni yoiirrtKcs o(" the ll.ue (^f the 
 nti:',hl>ouring Indian piincfSt :\ud enipiire wh.ii 
 ireaties have been niaiU' bdwccn iliein anJ any ot 
 the Kind's fuhiti^ls; an J \t iluie has been any fail- 
 ure on the p.irr otany o( liis M.»itit)\ lubjijjfls, you 
 fh.ill take cire*f\ual courle, iliat ri- para t ion ^\^^\ fiitil- 
 latH-.u be jnatle /'iv any iiijuiy fujlaincil thereby; and 
 Ih ill ule .ill w.iys and means to let thole ptincis^ 
 and oilur Iniliau'?, know ot his MajelK's char^ic 
 " in their belialf."* 
 
 In the year 1684, ih l.ortl Ih^ivard of Efllngham, 
 thrn Governor ot I iicima. wint with two of his 
 Counfel from thence to ■Jihanvy to eoncUule a treaty 
 witii xhc Six l\'afir,ns i an I tm the 1 .;th of July* in the 
 prelencc ot the Governor of A'ciu Icrk^ and the ma- 
 gil>raies of .Hr.iry^ \\c addreiVed a fpcech to them, con- 
 taining propofils for a future alliance and friendlliip, 
 which wtrc formally accepted and ratified. And here 
 
 (t 
 
 t i 
 
 4i 
 ( t 
 4 t 
 it 
 
 \ 
 
 it IS prop 
 
 :r to obfervc, that the Six Nations I»ad been 
 
 frequently at war with the French, and v/erc confidercd 
 
 >,-*H^>.'' 
 
 ,\i 
 
 Hutch. IIil\. MalUiliukt'i lij) , vol. -I. 
 
 ,-JU^ 
 
ir Ivolxit 
 U.iseiick, 
 lion trum 
 
 1*. s wh'u li 
 
 .mJ tl)(' 
 Kin;;, ii - 
 
 iiK I ic \ .fi 
 cnctifs of 
 iltrudtions 
 
 uc <if the 
 lire wh.ii 
 nJ any oi 
 \ aiiv l.iil- 
 j^dls, you 
 anil /<i///- 
 il)yi and 
 
 's charjic 
 
 Tmgliani, 
 o of lu^ 
 .1 ircaiy 
 ly, in the 
 ihc ma- 
 icm, con- 
 ic ndlhip. 
 Anil hcrt 
 hiul been 
 nonfidcrti! 
 
 f -3 i 
 
 V^ .1 i>'<»{^ in'poriant hanitr to our frontier Anicrlt.in 
 liMkiiii-nisi and it thtrct'orc bccrvmc expedient not only 
 ti ,iipi'tu'*i t^'ii'' uiiiti with lUc I'.nj^lilli C'oloniis, but 
 .ilJfi It) [•nxtin ihc lofll's ol' ftrtn|',th and of numbers, 
 vt.tU tluy il.iily I'ulVLiid iVom the hoflllirus uf the 
 Frv nth Old their I'.ili.in allies, uhilll the crowns of 
 Jn^luul and I-'ranic were at peace. For this pnrpt)rc 
 J4ol(»nel /)i/»i7'''/, then CItnernor I'f New York, Hrong- 
 ^% ailviftd antl rorKift.d thtin f; fut their (C.iiilrv utuUr 
 iflf^c Ai"y,'s picti\}iony a>. an expedient that \\ould prc- 
 ferve ihem i\o\\\ the attaeks of the Kreneh, who were 
 ilunend;avouriti^lulall) to extirpate them, chiclly on ac- 
 count of ihcir fui 11 if lidelity to the I'.nglilh: this the 
 Indians «onfenud to C\Oy t xpettini', thereby to acquire 
 a new leeuiity, withoiu U.linr, cill>er their property or 
 mdt'pt'K'h'ncy :* and inlh utnc nt> w-. re at two fubfuiuent 
 eatie« executed for i'ubniittinv; their lands to the erowu 
 »f Eiiguind, " to be prcti^lt- /and tlffindiJ by his Ma*^^"^ 
 [►'* jcrty, liis heirs and rucceirors for ever, to and fcr ) 
 lj¥ tlw ufc of tht'm (the laid Indians^ their heirs and fucy' 
 r* ccfibrs;"! by wliiel\ the public faith was lolenudy 
 ] jijighicd to ^uarranty, and maintain thefc nations in 
 
 il . . "" 
 
 ' • 'TI';< w'l appear by the fullowiii.' rxtraf> fiom thr (peer!) wliitli \ht 
 ^Kn.nulajjas itul Ca\ iij;js, upi-ti tluit uii.iltun, aciilnliol to the two do- 
 ctiujis, yi?. *• \Vi lifivt put lUir laiul'; ar.d ourlclvcs ui'.dcr iht frot:H'<^i: 
 of the crcat Hiiktf <if ^ulk, t!.c bi-tliir ul >(/..)■ ^Mcat Sai^i'm, wln.Iy 
 '■liktv^iU- a prcat .iuclum. W't: liavt .iiincxtil lliSbutqurhannah River, 
 "■wliich \vc won with ihc iwoul, In thi» (lovctnmftit ^Ncw \ork^ — u'l 
 v'lll '.', that iiity ot I lie {til at I'd r> i>toplc li ttlc thrre, tor wr hav*: 
 ill) other lanil t») leave oiu < hitihtn. — let yowr tVimd that lives on the 
 other hiic ot the great lake, know this, thut w-e heiiiij a fue ptop.'i, 
 thiyitt^h itititi'dtc t'\' Fl'ijlijh, P! !, g'tcc •■■ur ,'m/...i, anil he j .i.edtcti'e S^chnK 
 
 t iMtlicyeav 1684, when the \ni\'.\r[% iveri. *'tyf.ii,}fil Ic f'ut tidi /.•;.'« 
 iiT ti\ pntedi')!! of the cr'^vn 'f h./i^hnirl, the govtrnor of New Yoik, 
 s Mr. Coltliii, "■ ga^cthcm the DuWi amis to Uv put '.ip at each of 
 their caOlcs, in liopes It miglit deter the I-renrli fioni attacking tlien^ 
 (as they were threatened from C'aiiatla'i h> lliis (o maniteft a drclara* 
 tion of their being under tltc protcclioH ot the erovnp of Kneland, when 
 the two crowns were in the flri^elt fiieriiilliip; hut (continues he^ it 
 Is probable the Irench tholV this very time tc attack them, to b»iiig 
 uicm utf from that coiiHelcnce they fecmed to h<tvc in the Lni^lilh." 
 
 If 
 
t \ 
 
 \% 
 
 !f1- ' 
 
 1. -4 1 
 
 the (nil cni<»ymcnt ol tluir ♦rcoilom and propcrtv; 
 ilioiiglj tlule very inlbuincnts were attcrw.irds pervert- 
 ed toiultity a f Uiim of iloniinii)n over tluni: lor at the 
 treaty of / //«•< '•/, ulun ilu power of France had beca 
 ileprtfTt'I l>v th( diikenl M.ii lboroui;h*s and other vie- f 
 
 torie?, ihc rolK)\vin',' .irtii le was exa«Jkd of the Frentli, 
 
 wlio h id idl thi u .dwa\'s atVertnl the alifolute inde 
 
 tk Hi \' o 
 
 f tl 
 
 »e 
 
 .S'\ 
 
 N 
 
 M 1 () n s , \\. 
 
 '' The fubje 
 
 pcn- 
 
 i!^s 
 
 ot 
 
 It 
 
 IC 
 
 (t 
 
 1' ram f, inliahitini', C'aii.iila .\\m\ oi!u-r', Ihall hert 
 after w''\e no hinlrnue or MoKriaiu>,i to \]\v Yw 
 
 N. 
 
 if Iiuli 
 
 /• 
 
 J t. thj J 
 
 tc 
 
 ano.ii, oi LaiHons »ii i.iui.m-, 
 minion r.f'(:f,.if Ht ;',!!'?, nor to liie other nati^eii o^ 
 *' Anieric.i, who ,iic fiiuidr. to the lame." If ap 
 '' piars, indttil, that thi> tiaini was only intended to 
 fecnre the j>v ace ami prt>perty of tlie Six Nations, and 
 Arc ni;thentlieii connexion with the i>ritifhCrowa. Thei c 
 arc however a nmititiule of treaties and pubhe tranfacti- 
 ' onsftibfeipient toth.it pi. iic>il, w hieh fnllyihcw, that nei- 
 ther tlvL Crown or peo[>le ot (treat lirltaln ever really 
 conlidercd or treated tin Six Nations as any other than 
 ij/lii-s.* And whe:'.ever tlu'v had been told of our claim 
 oi dominion over them, tht\ have never failedto refentit 
 in the moll (enlible manner. Thi^ partiei^larly hap- 
 pened alter tlie pt.u e ot A'i/;l'/. I, wlien Captain Sev- 
 ier being fent to Canada, by the Covv^rnment of New 
 York, to ft tile fon\e difpntes re1pe«^Hng the indepen- 
 dency of the Si c Nations (which the Governor o^ Ca- 
 nada refohitcly maintained) he imjirudently alTerted, 
 that they were in a Ihite of fubje«^tion to the Province 
 of New York, which being afterwards ixported ta 
 
 I he in 
 
 * J/Ab!i(' i?iv;.rt/obr.rvcs, " That in Ills computation of French fub- 
 
 *' jrcis ill Cci»,i,Iu, he ilid not iniliiclc tiic many Indian Allies. None 
 
 ^* of tlnfc vtic etfr conliJciiil ?s fuhjiiii, tliough they live 1 in the midl^ 
 
 J ** of a gic-at r.uropcan colony; the fmaUclt clans ftill prcftrvc«l their ini^e- 
 
 ' *• pcKiiiiui'—h is, fit- fays, hh oivu fpcctea^—it is tniinkiiid,—\t is his «•/•"''♦ 
 
 " that (lie Indian loves and rel'peits, but he wuuld halt a nmjifr^ antl 
 
 " dcllroy him." Vol. 4. 
 
ropcrty , 
 
 |lClVCIt- 
 
 )!• at the 
 i.iil Ucca 
 I her vic- 
 Frcnch, 
 lulcpcn- 
 
 ill line - 
 
 the M\ r 
 
 the if-. 
 
 If ap 
 
 ncltil fii 
 
 IDS. and 
 
 ,1. Thci c 
 
 raniactl" 
 
 tli.tt nci - 
 
 r really 
 
 ler than 
 
 ir cl.iiiu 
 
 rcfcntit 
 
 ly hap- 
 
 n Scv- 
 
 o 
 
 t" New 
 [idcptn- 
 
 o^' Ca- 
 
 hrcrtcJ, 
 
 •oviuce 
 
 ted to 
 
 Icnch ful>- 
 
 jlfr. a»J 
 
 1 I 
 
 \ 
 
 tl.^'in was, as Governor Colcien obfi rvcs, ** fo much 
 
 *' Kl'eiuctl by the Five Nation?', that i deputation of 
 
 •* the uu)i\ eonfidrrahle Sathenis was ieni to Alliany, 
 
 *' in [line i6(;(>, to complain oi it; and they lent at 
 
 *' the iaine time d.pntics lu Canada, to cuneludc the 
 
 " peace independently of the Eni'^liili." And if ever 
 
 thev have Teemed fict difplealed at being called luhjciS^s 
 
 of Great Ih itain, it was bccaiile they did not under- 
 
 ftanJ the nieanin^ of the tei ni, ha\ing no WDid in their 
 
 lani',uage capnble ot con\(yinii; any ideas of our kinds 
 
 of political fubjec'tion. They I'pcak of all their allies 
 
 and friends in terms that exprefs the natural relations 
 
 of conlanguinity, calling them fathers, brothers, nc- 
 
 |)!ieus c)r coulins. The Knglilh thtv (lilc brothers, 
 
 and the Kine; thev call father. In a niell'a'je which 
 
 they fcnt to the Governor of New York, they faid, 
 
 *' You fjy, that we are I'ubjee^ls of the King of England 
 
 ** and Duke of York, but we fay, \vc are brothers 
 
 ** (allu's and icluals) we mull take care of ourfelvcs," 
 
 and in fu ppport of this juft opinion, wc need only 
 
 refer to the appofite and energetic words of the United 
 StntrSy ** We hold thefe truths to be felf-evidcnt, that 
 ** All. Mi.N Aur CRFATID E(>JJAL; that they arc 
 •' cnJowd ry their Creator with certain unalienable 
 •• rights ;---that a^r.sng thrfcAYC ///f, liberty and PUR- 
 ** SUIT or HAPPINESS."* 
 
 D 
 
 u 
 
 Ha 
 
 • Drclnrntion cf ladcprndf^e, on the fourth of July, 1776. 
 
 " riioug'a the powers jf Hinopc have difputcil about the </^f'^Krfr«rv of 
 " the CortJcJcr.Jtei (or Six Nations) on the croii'n of F,n\^l(,f:d, Tiuii x^htihcr 
 " they arr i.il^jetff, or not, — tic fame v. ili not bear (lifj)i;iing in iliis city, 
 
 " wlierc we tiiow, that they are not I'nbjeO to our laws; — that they 
 
 •' have iin m,»^'iftrat<sappoii.n.vI over them by our Kin^';---that they have 
 " no reprclen atives in our ani'mblicsi — that their own conitnt is nccef- 
 
 *' fary to engage them in a war On our litle: But thai they have the 
 
 ** power of lite apd death, peace and war. in their own councils, v\ithnut 
 " being accountable to us. Suhjettion is wb * tl»ey arv unjci^iiatHted villu" 
 See Evan's Political and Meclianical £(Iayt, printed in 1756. 
 
r 
 
 I' I' 
 
 f 
 
 
 II 
 
 St-;' 
 
 li 
 
 j< t. 
 
 [ »6 ] 
 
 
 ** Z/^* ^(^.ivr us o;?/v over bc:ilt, fillj, fowf, 
 ** D^mimn ahfUutc. that rii'ht wc hold 
 *' By his donation ;—/»i</ man cnr man 
 *' //<s made not Lord :'—\\\c\\ title to liiniftU" 
 ** Ri.firvini^i human left tVoni hmuJUy //tr."* 
 
 ifi^Veej^^^ Tlic Five Nations added upon the toitgoin^ occafion, 
 Truir. /aw-cj 7-/,,.^.. ^^,.,„^ (j1^^. i)^,,,^ ^j.- York's) nxcd\.pon thr 
 
 ■J^ ** pofts, cannot defend us from the arms of Aw /?w;/<," v 
 
 • i 
 
 «< 
 
 f< 
 
 41 
 (( 
 
 VI 
 
 ul 
 
 C( 
 
 d, 
 
 rt 
 .11 
 
 then Governor of Canaila, who was marching a eon 
 fiderahlc army againt^ them, but despairing of fucccfs, 
 he invited them to treat of pcarr^ and accordingly 0.7- 
 rancjiJay a chiet Sachem of the Onondagocs, in behalf 
 of the Confederacy, told La Barre, at the licad of his 
 army, ** IVl arc lorn free. -—H't neither depend en Yon- 
 nondio (meaning the Governor of Canada) nor on 
 Ccrlearj the Lngiiih Governor. \Vc may go 
 where we plcafe, carry with us whom we pleafc, &c. 
 If ycur allies be yiurjldvest ufe them .as fuch; com- 
 mand them to receive no other but your people 
 *' We have done lefs than cither the Enclifli or French, 
 -who have ufurptd the lands cf Jo many naiionSf and 
 chafed them frtm their &\un country.** -i 
 It is time however to clofe this review of tranfadfi- 
 ons, tending to evince the right of the native Indians 
 of America to their refpe<flive countries: for though 
 many other facts of the like import cxift, enough have 
 already been cited to produce the fulleil conviction on 
 this fubjedt. It has now been {cent and proved, that, 
 the feveral Indian nations of America, at the difcoveryf 
 of that continent, were free and independent commu- I* P*^ 
 liities, owing neither allegiance nor lubjeftion to any cop 
 foreign ftate; that they have neither ceded nor for- 
 feited their freedom and independency by any fubfe- 
 quent aft ', that they were the oi .ginal and jujl poffef- 
 
 fon 
 * Milton's Paradifc Loft. f Sec U Honto$$, Sec. i 
 
 rii 
 
 fwi 
 
 pc 
 tri 
 mc 
 pic 
 feil 
 "ro 
 
 ',olc 
 
 r 
 
 Ih 
 fo' 
 Pf 
 
 pn 
 Iht 
 an, 
 do 
 
 th. 
 
 -uui 
 
 1 1 
 
n\l occ.ifioii. 
 cl upon tlir 
 f L,i Bart ty'" ^ 
 ililng ii con- 
 g of fucccfs, 
 ordingly ('.t- 
 u«;, in be halt 
 : head ot his 
 cpencl en Ton- 
 nada) nor on 
 7 c may go 
 e pleafc, &c. 
 fuch; com- ^ 
 our people 
 1 or French, 
 \tuitiotiSf and 
 
 lof tranfadti- 
 itive Indians 
 
 [ 27 ] 
 
 font of their feveral tcrrhorics, and lived in the exer- 
 cift of every a.it necefTa.-y to invert iliem wiih ail the 
 righti of occupancy, and therefore tliat they, by the 
 jaws of nature and of nations, haif^ wnd where ii has 
 not been oiherwile fpecially ceded or relinquiftied, Jiiil 
 have an abfohue, indcfealible title to the exclufivcju- 
 rifdiftion of their perl'ons, and to the dominion and 
 pro/^t-rty* of their fcvtral countries. 77;//, by all ci- 
 vilians and natural law writers, is divided into sr/^/wj/ 
 or di'riviitivf : the latter fpecics, as it depends on a 
 conveyance from others, may have been conveyed un- 
 der particular entailments or limitations, fuflicient to 
 retrain the free difpofal of it.— But all original property 
 and cfpecially that which a nation has in a territory, 
 rigi tfnlly acquired and pofl'cired, nuiit necelVarily be 
 what is called *' full pr'^pcrty^ and certainly the pro- 
 I perty of the Indians of America, in their fcvcral coun- 
 tries, mull be conlldered as original and /if///, in the 
 moft perfect degree j they were the primitive occu- 
 piers and owners of that continent, and received pof- 
 ifeilion thereof from ih^ dfvine Creator himfelft free 
 rom the conftraint of any human limitation or power. 
 * Full property^* (fays the judicious Dr, Rutherford)! 
 
 « 
 
 tn 
 
 • The learned Author of the Vindication of the Settlementi of the 
 
 for though I- learned Autnor or the vindication ot the ncttlementi ot th 
 
 o Colony at Dartcn, printed in London, in the year 1699, obferves,— — 
 enough have ' T.'ut the native proprietors and poflcflurs of a country arc vejicdw\i\\ t 
 .ry * po^erinhircMl in ll.'cmjllves, by wJ:ich they imy rtghtfu/ly and authorila- 
 
 >nVlCtl0n on < //^^/^^ ivilbMt being accountable to any ether, admit and receive fitangcrs, 
 )rOVed, thati ' foreij^nerSf aliens and othen, ii«to their territories, and within their own 
 ..^ I ' proper and peculiar jurifdiOions, and allow them the frivilege and right 
 
 le UllCOVery I" « tf fettling, inlabitiug and trediug among them; for it is one of the prji 
 tnt COmmU- ' principles, both of the laws of nature and nations, thut they -who art the 
 ' original and primitive proprietors of a country and foil, may admit vel- 
 lOn to any come, and take in others, into the inhabiting, planting, cultivating and im- 
 proving the flime ;— but w m^M can give, dijpofe, and alienate tt another^ 
 that iviich he ucitber has in poffiefpon, nor can pretend any ietal claim tf title 
 * and right kn/o/— -which the Pop^ both bctiayed his pnde and fojiy ia 
 
 td nor for- 
 any fubfe- 
 
 doing, when he took upon htm the granting of all the Wefl Indict to 
 
 . rt yw./7J,r, ■ «">"g, wncn nc looK upon mm tne granting 01 an ine weii inaKkio 
 jUJt pojjcj- m jiip jj.jj^g ^^ Spain,1>cing therein ridi(utoujlj liberal of that, which di4 ue 
 
 kc. 
 
 forS 1 "'^"J'l nppertgin'to him" 
 
 ■ 1 1 InHitutcs o( Natural Law. 
 
 k 
 
 \ . 
 
 -V :. 
 
t;H 
 
 r' 
 
 M ^: 
 
 ¥ 
 
 ■i ! 
 
 it 
 €( 
 
 L 28 J 
 
 '* in Any things /f a perpetual right to ufe it to any 
 " pirM/t'y an J to difpofe of it at pltdfure. Property 
 (continues he) in the jtri^ notion of if, is fuch a right 
 to J i'^ini^y .:s excludes all perfons, except the pro- 
 piii.i:r, frcm nil miinncr of claim upon it. ho per- 
 pn therefore cau, conjiflenth' with fuch a ripjyt, take 
 the thing from him, at any time, or hiiiJ.r him tn 
 *' ^^'■' f '''''' "A of it, or prevent him from Jifp^Jing :f 
 
 ** it, as he p/eafes." And the learned and accurate 
 
 IVoolajlon remarks, *• To have the -jHoperty of an'^ 
 " thing, and to have the Tolc right of ufrag and dif- 
 
 ** Pj^^'^r, "^ '*^ ^rc the fame thing; they arc ciiui- 
 
 *' po lent exprtfTion-,"* 
 
 It has alfo been fccn, and will he more fully fhcwn 
 in the fucectding pat^js, that this, the title of the na- 
 tives, by frequent purchafcs, numerous treaties, alli- 
 ances and other publick tranfa^Kons, has been, in ihc 
 fuUeil manner, alTerted and eonlirmed. 
 
 Upon the whole, therefore, as the Indian Nations 
 of America arc unqucHionably intitled to all the rights 
 of *' full property" in their feveral countries, it rc- 
 fults as a nccelTiiry and final conclufion, 'hat they have 
 an indefcafiblc right frrcly to fell, and grant to any 
 perfon whatfoever ; and that all Tales and conveyances 
 made by any Indian tribe or nation of their lands, are 
 in every rcfpedt, fufficicnt to afford the mod valid and 
 pcrfeft title to the fame. 
 
 Having thus, we hope, fairly and fuHv eftabliHied the 
 right of the natives to their feveral territories, we fhall 
 
 "^ ., ,. , -■ next 
 
 * Religion of Nature. 
 
 Pnffendorf fays, '* £a eft ris Domini, ut derebui que tanijuym pro* 
 priset ft in folitlum ad nos pertinent /ro arbUrit ntftrt diffttere ffffumm. 
 Ut quis rem fuam poflit alienare, feu in «ltenim trantferre, \A ipluin ex 
 dominii pteni nature re(t|ltat. Cum enim hoc Domino dit facultatemde 
 re pro arbitrio ditpofendi, u<:ique tcI prxcipua ejus facultatii pan vidatur, 
 
 fl ita placcat, earn in alteruip f^ttffifnr* (de juris nates gent.)" 
 
 A multitude of authorities of the like import might be citt^, bttt the fa^ 
 here aflerted, is too notortoui to need con^roMtiqp, 
 
 
"^TIWB I . ' 
 
 r" 
 
 C 29 ] 
 
 ib 
 
 f/t* '' /o iny 
 c. Property 
 ^ fuch a right 
 rept the pro- 
 t. Ao per- 
 ' rijlhty taki- 
 'iihi. r him m 
 
 I M/pcJing s/ 
 inJ actur.Uc 
 crty of any 
 fi^ii; and dif- 
 cy arc tijui- 
 
 t'ully fhcwn 
 c of the nu- 
 
 icatics, alli- 
 iccn, in ilic 
 
 llan Nations 
 
 II the rights 
 tries, it rc- 
 u they have 
 
 ant to any 
 
 onveyances 
 
 lands, are 
 
 valid and 
 
 bliOied the 
 s, we (hall 
 next 
 
 in<|u|im pro* 
 mtre ffffumns. 
 , \d ipUun ex 
 •cultatem de 
 pan viditur, 
 Ijent.)" 
 
 bat f he HA 
 
 ■\: 
 
 next confiJcr the jiifkicc and legality of the claim of 
 Virfjnid to the lands u-^ifcin/ of the ///hgany mountain* 
 As far as this pretenfion is founded on a charter granted 
 
 to Sir /faZ/fr Rawleii^h in 1583; a patent ilVued by 
 
 jfciftus the I'irll in 1602, or one granted in i6oy, we 
 mull take the liberty of generally referring our readers 
 to an excellent pamphlet, called Public Goo::, <vrit- 
 ten by the celebrated Author of Con^uon Scnfe, for a 
 full and complete refutation of fuch pretenfion; butt 
 as that Sttite has fet up another claim, founded upon a 
 deed from the Six United Nations of Indians to King 
 (ieorge the Second, obtained at a treaty held with 
 them at LaiutJ/ier in Penn/yhani.if in the year 1 744» 
 by Lieutenant Governor Thomds of that province, and 
 tommillloners from j^liiryldtiJ nnd I'irgiuiiit — we fhall 
 proceed to examine that decil and treaty. v 1 
 
 Governor Thomast June the 25th, fpokc to thefcLi**^*^**! 
 commillloners, and the chiefs of the Six Nations^ as ^7^^- J | 
 follows: J " 
 
 At a treaty held by me two years ago, in behalf of 
 the government of Penn/y/vtinitiy with a number of \ 
 the chiefs of the Indians of the Six Nations, 1 wis de- ^ 
 fired by them to write to the Governor of Maryland, 
 concerning /i/mr lands in the hack parts of that province, 
 which they claim a right to from their con^ue^s, over the . 
 ancient poflTcflbrs, and which have been fettled by Come J 
 of the inhabitants of that government, -without their \ 
 CQnfenty or any purchafe from them. It was at that , 
 time underf^ood, that the claim was upon Maryland . 
 only: but it has fince appeared by fome letters formerly i 
 wrote by Mr. Prefident Logan to the late Governor of ^ 
 Maryland^ that it related likewife 10 fome lands in the i 
 back parts of Virginia. The Governors of thefe co- 
 lonies foon manifefted a truly equitable difpoiition to 
 come to any reafonaUc terms with the Six Nations, on 
 
 account 
 
Hi 
 
 .< •! 
 
 
 } i; 
 
 
 y. r 
 
 i'l ! 
 
 [ .10 J 
 
 accour.f ■»/ //'»/;• Anj^f/ nmiilcfncd, that for //.j/ end 
 a time aiul place niight be HxcJ for a tre.ii) ^vUh them. 
 
 The fame day the InJians replieil to (Jovcnioi TA;- 
 w<7.f, anil r.ikl Hut fince there are foine difpmcs be- 
 tween us, n/pi'i^fni^Q ihi laiuis pnjJ'rJI'vd by them (the m- 
 hixhitjuts of MAtyhind urtJ rirt^inuj wliic h fornjcrly 
 beloiii.;eil to us we, according to our ciilb)ni, propoi'c 
 to have thole differences //r/? adjullcd, and thru \vc 
 iliall proceed to confirm tlu- hiendlliip fubrittinfr be- 
 tween us, uhich will meet with no obluudion, .i/tcr 
 ihifi' vxAtttts arc ftttUJ^ A Belt, 
 
 The Covernor anTwere*.! 1 receive yonr belt 
 
 with qrc.it kindnefs ami affciTtion ; and as to what re- 
 Ijctes to the government ot I'tr^inia and Mary/.jrJf the 
 honourable commiflioucrs now prcient, arc ready to 
 irCiit with vou. 
 
 The commiilioncrs of r'//;.'^/?t;(i on the 27th of June, 
 fpoke as follows : 
 liri'thref}, 
 
 IN the year 173'^, four of your Sachems wrote a 
 letter to J''"'''^ Loiiiiu^ VA\\\ the Prcfidcnt of Pcnn- 
 ivlvania, to let the Ciovernor ot I irginia know, thiit vou 
 (the Six Nations) exl^c^al fomc confiJcration for lands 
 
 IN THE OCCUPATION Ol- SOMI, OF T H F. PEOPLE OF 
 
 Virginia. Upon iccing a copy of this letter, the 
 (.Governor, with the Council of Virginia, took fomc 
 lime to conlider of it. They found on looking into 
 old treaties, that you had given up your lands to the 
 great h'ingi who has had poff'ejjion of Virginia above 160 
 years, and under that gnat King the inhabitants of 
 Virginia hold their landj fo they thought there might 
 
 • In IT41, the Six Natii^BS complained to the Govfrnor of Pcmifylva- 
 nia, of their lands being lettlcd, and inlifkd upon tlu- fettlers being re- 
 moved, which was accordingly done. They likevvife laid claim to some 
 l.indi in Maryland itud Virginia^ which occafioned the treaty at I.ancafter, 
 in J 744- Hcc Inquiry into the Caulcs of the Alienation of the Dclawiircs 
 4nU Sluwiiclc, printed ia 17^9- 
 
 N 
 
 t 
 
r 31 1 
 
 rote a 
 Pcnii- 
 
 hiit you 
 ' lanJi 
 
 LE OF 
 
 , the 
 fomc 
 g into 
 o the 
 c 160 
 ts of 
 ight 
 be 
 
 iifylva- 
 
 [ing rc- 
 
 SOME 
 
 icafter, 
 la wares 
 
 be fomc mlftakc: wherefore, they dciucd tlir Govor- 
 iwv ot" New York to ciujuirc of vou .ibout ir. lie fcnt 
 his interpreter to you in May, 174^, who laid this 
 before you at a Council heUl at C/iuinJti<^'u ; to which 
 you anfwir, '* That if you hail any ilenuuul or pre- 
 tcnlions on the (iovernor of l'iri\ini>i any way, you 
 would have made it known to the CJovernor of .V^-i - 
 ?:r/l." 'I Ills torrelponds with what you faid to (uj- 
 vernor 7'/'C'>;<;'j, in the treaty made with him at PhiLi- 
 dt'lphui in July, 1742; for then you only make your 
 claim to lands in the government of M.iryiiVuL Tell 
 v% what nations of Indians you eon>.^uc» *. «.! any lantls 
 ivom in I it^tnia . how long it is liiice, and what/?/- 
 ft]ffi'>ri* you have had; and if it does appear that there 
 is any land on th b bor dkrs o i \ ikc.inia, that the 
 Six Nations have Aright to, wc ar; uilhng to m;ikc 
 vou latisfn^tion. 
 
 The Six Nations the fame day repiii.d and laid. In 
 your fpeeth this morning you were pleaiVd to lay, wc 
 had wrote a letter to James Lci^dn about fcven years 
 
 ago, 
 
 • Mr. CoLUn, the late novernor of Niv.' 1 rr. in his Hiftory of tlic 
 rive Nations, ohfcrves. That in thrycarr664, :!f Fivr Nations, hcing 
 anipl\ p.oviilcil by the F.nglilh with fire arms ;aul .mmunition, gaxc a full 
 Ivviiif to their warlike genius. They can icij ilinr jims as ^ar f.uth <jx 
 Carcn),at—\.o the northward of New EnpIanJ an J ai fnr iiv^ n tie nvr 
 Al:Jfijippi, over a vaft country, which cxttndcJ laoo milts in Icnytli titin 
 north to ibuth, an«I about 6cc milts in brca.llh, wht-re ibcv rniircly Ic- 
 ftroyed whole nations, ot whom there are no accounts remaining amci;g 
 the Eiiglilh:-- -—And Governor Votvniil, who many years aeo ililiwently 
 examined into the rights of the natives, an<l partiiul:irly into th-'fc ot the 
 fwrthiru conicdermy, fays, in his 4Jook intitkd, 1 > i A.hw<['h.:'.:'j^ of the 
 ('oloti'ei,— '\'\vaX the right of the Five Nation Conlcdcracy to the Hwitit,^ 
 LandiofOhio, TicukjluchrondUe, :kx\i\. Siaitiadcri..Jii, hv the rnn()\i(.(^ tht-y 
 made in fubdiiing the S/f'JO/i«flf J, Dtiatvares, (as we call tlum) iviilv.wi 
 and Oilinois, may be fairly proved, as they Jii:cJ '_,'_'/(•■ ihcuof, nt the 
 peace at Rtfwitk, in 1697; and confirinator\ hernt, Mr. Lewis Ev.iii', 
 a gentleman of great American knowietlje, in hi» Map i>t" tl^e M'.ltUe 
 Colonies, publiflicd in America, in the year 1755, I'li" '^''' <i>J\\n tbc 
 country on x\\c foulb etRerly fide oS X\ie t'wtt Ohio, as the Hunting l.jr.h 
 of the Six Nations, and in the analyfit to that map, remarks, — llic >r. 
 dian\ on Ohio confirt of the fcvcral iiations round, under the prittiii:>, ^t 
 MjcilioH of the cenfrdtrtUi, zi tht DelavareSf HU-aanffe, Ac. 
 
 If 
 
 ■*«»<>.*.»*^- tf i > ■) ■>! ^,^ 
 
/■' 
 
 [ 3« 1 
 
 t< 
 
 U' 
 
 apo, to dt-maud a confide ration for rAir lands in the p of 
 ffjion offome of the' Virginians. That you held them 
 under the grc.it King for upwards of 160 years, and 
 that wc had aheady given up our right: and therefore 
 you had dcfired tlic Governor of New York to fend 
 his interpreter to us la(l year at OnandagOy which he 
 did; and as you fay, wc in council, At Onandago^ did 
 declare, that we had no demand upon you for lands, 
 and that if we had any pretcnfions, wc fhould have 
 made them known to the Governor of Ni'w York; and 
 likewife you delire to know, if we have any right 
 to the l^irginia lands, and that we will make fuch right 
 ♦ appear, and icll you what Nation of Indians we con- 
 quered thofe lands from. Now we anfwer, wc have 
 the right of conqueft, • a right too dearly porchafed, 
 and which coft us too much blood, to give up -without 
 any reafn t all^ as you fay, we have done at /I lb any : 
 but wc fliould be obliged to you, if you would let us 
 fee the letter, and inform us, who was the interpreter 
 and whofe names were put to that letter; for as the 
 whole of the tranfat^lion cannot be above a years land- 
 ing, it muft be frefh in every body's memory, and fomc 
 of our council would eafdy remember it; but we aflure 
 ■ yon, and are well able to pi*ove, tha» neither vte^ nor 
 any part of us have ever relinquifbed wr rights or cvfeir 
 <* gave fuch an anfwer, as you fay is mentioned ia your 
 letter. Could we. To few yeju^ ago» make ^foriml de- 
 mand ' y James Logan^ and not be fenfible of our right f 
 ^^>\nd hath any thing happened fince that time to make 
 wUs lefs fenfible? No: and as this matter can be eafily 
 "cleared up, wc are anxious it fhould be done; for we 
 are poiitive no fuch thing was ever mentioned to us at 
 Onandago, nor any where elfe. AU tbe world knows 
 we conquered the federal oaUont living oA SiifiiUi/ffrf" .j 
 
 J- ■•♦ itakf 
 
 Sec Colden's Hiflory of th« SixUllitiifi^ ■^•^l 
 
 See Smith** Hlflory of New York, 
 
 
 t 
 
 ( 
 
•'t„. 
 
 
 € 33 J 
 
 -■kV 
 
 
 «» 
 
 ■ ^ 
 
 wrt/>, Cohong^rknfas^ and oq /Af ^<afi of the great fhMih- 
 tain« of yirginia^ &c. They feci the cfltdla pf our 
 conqu€(ls» being now a part Qf our nation, qnd tkfir 
 lands at our difpofuL Wc know very well it hath ofteii 
 been faiU by the yirginians, \\iAX4he grtai King of Eng- 
 ianJ, and the people of that colony, conquered the In- 
 dians who II.vfd there i but it is not truf» Wc will 
 allow they have conquered the Su(.hddgugbriQnoya4 ^^ 
 drove back the TufcororthiHt and that they hajve, on 
 that accounty a right to fome part of Vi^gini;^; bat as 
 to Mfhat lUs beyind the motintaintt we conq\M9red the 
 nations redding there; and that land^ if th: Virg}n^ns 
 ever git a good right to it, it muft be, by us, We/puJft 
 now tell you what JsoKM/tfinx wemfiau^ tlj^itv^ (vf iifp 
 the boundtiries between you and us. v^ 
 
 They then obfiii^dy that abouj^ twenty y^ari ftf^^' 
 at Albany^ they made a jFepqe of.w^pu,ai abofit the 
 middle of a hilU A f^er ,tbey ttft A Ibfi^y* t^ey . V^Vg^t 
 the rWmore tothe»M:(l» th^t we ipi^t comply wuh 
 yoUr propofal.** They af(!ftyrard« agr^f^ to altqc the 
 r9<i</ again, 9fA condud«d by faying at h^ fjf^f Broughf 
 it to the fnfilt 9fthtGr€4t Mountains, yrhprfi<Jfjvioy^%tj, 
 and it isimfijfihle/krus to removf it 49%' further to the 
 \i\ejf; thofe pa^. of the country bemg abiblxjtely iAi- 
 paflable bytcither man or hcidi^ 8cc* s^.thgnTa^cif- 
 noontia added, H fie forgui^to fay^ I^t .|l|0i^^^ 
 the road mi^ h^Ji^;^ ysi^ ^^ 
 fettled»ii^r4( Hf/grsM^itfJ^mU/:: (|o Irili .tl^y||^ 
 the occmpAtimfYp^ ^pk qf iritginint.tM^^0^^ 
 miffionen €9kpi«CMilt in tlim^l|^e€k iq^ '*- -^ -j ^— «i^^ 
 ^ and iliat 9kha^ ^ Vkgtnin |f«OtpKi> 
 to removetflnof«^^^//)ri jMT^^ ihi^. tufp^ 
 ftay, that oiit wAi^i^iigt iMfchla^j^^ 
 
 ward, Jhdili^Ji^ mitiJJ^fM^t!tf^>m^ 
 f The Vin^ C<ipiii%>aerl^|ii0i^; 
 
 >« 
 
 \^ 
 
 •■#•. 
 
 ^1'-. 
 
 ■PA^ 
 
 
 *'»t 
 
 
(I I ■, 
 
 L J4 1 
 
 re»vc(l, \Vc arc now conic to .nifwcr uIku you faid to 
 us ycftcrday, finlrc what wc f.tiil to yoii b( foro, nn the 
 pnrt of the c^nuU Kini]y our Father, has not httn fatls- 
 taftory. Vou hivi- vouc into old tiiucs, and fo muft 
 wc. It is t ruci hat the r: /•<•.// A'l ;.•(,' AsA/j I'irgimi^ nv 
 
 HICHT OF CONti^lH S I-, ,nid the houmls of Til A I CON- 
 
 f^ursT to the tve/iii,irJ IS thf. r.uFAT si. a. IF tht 
 »Six Natiotjs havt tuadt any con<]ticl} over Inj'i,ins that 
 may at any time have lived on tl\e well fulc of the great 
 motwitains o( lirQiniit^ yet they uevcr f^U'fff^^ '^"T '''""'^ 
 thcrcy tliat we have ever heard of. That j)art was al- 
 togtither de/i'i teJ^ and fre-e for any people to enter 
 upon, as the people vi I'ir^ini.i havc\lone by order of 
 the great King, very jultly, as well h nn aniunt rights 
 as by its being reed from the pofejioft i of any other, 
 from any claim even of you our brrthren, the Six 
 Nations, until within thefc eight years. The firfl 
 treaty between the great King, in behalf of his. fubjevits 
 in Virginia and you, that we can find, was made at 
 Albany by Colonel Henry Courfcy fcvcnty ycai"s fince: 
 this was a treaty of frieml/lup. The next treaty was 
 alfo at Albany about fifty-eight years ago, with the 
 Lord Howard, Governor' oi I'irginia: then you declare 
 jourfcU'cs /uhji'ffs of the gr^at Kingt our Father, and 
 gave up all your lands for his protetiion.* Tl»c Virginia 
 Ccwnmiffioners afterwards mentioned another treaty at 
 Albany, with Governor Spcifwood, wherein (they 
 'faid) yoti have not recited it as it is: for the white 
 people, your brethren of Virginia, aic in no article of 
 that treaty prohibited topafs and fettle to the wcftward 
 of the >Tr eat moun ^ins.> It is the Indians trikutary to 
 Virginia that arc retrained, as you and your tributary 
 Indians are from pafling to the eafituard of the fame 
 mountaiusy or to the fouthward of Cohongorootom and 
 
 ytJu 
 
 -SJH »"• 
 
 f The country at that time, and for many yMus afldv Vat thr hunting 
 Undsofthc 5>x N«;wjii, Sbawaiteje, &c^iinilthcyharfinartyto«n$witbintt. 
 • Set pafc t%, a. , ,^ ^ 
 
 
 » r ■ 
 
r 35 ] 
 
 I 
 
 you agree to this article in thefc words. That the grcM 
 river ot Potoii'nuirk, and tlic high riJtfe if mountatns^ 
 which extend nil along ilic fkon iiiks of Virginia 
 /; the '.(jf/iwiirJ of the prcfcnt fcttlepicnis of tii;it Co- 
 lony, JliiJl hf FOR tVT.H the tjlahhjhed boundaries be- 
 tween the Indians Juhje6i to the dominion of yirginiuy and 
 the Imli.ms belonging to and depending on the firr 
 Nations : fo that neither our Indians lliitll not, ou any 
 pretence whatfocvcr, pafs to the northward or wcthvard 
 o*^ the fiiid boundaries, without having to produce a 
 pafsport under the hand and fcid of the Governor or 
 Comnianc^.er in Chief of A'lr^ihif/i nor your Indians to 
 p.ifs to 'nc fouthward or eaftward ot the laid bounda- 
 ries, V. iihout a paiTport in like manner from the Go- 
 vernor or Commander iu Chief of Nevj Tork. And 
 
 what right can you have to lands that you have no right 
 to walk upon, but upon certain conditions? It b true 
 vou have not obfcrved that part of the treaty, and your 
 brethren of Virginia have not inlitUd upon it whh a 
 due ftriftnefs, which has occafioncd (oxnc mifchief. 
 This treaty has been fent to the Governor of Virginia, 
 by order of the great King, and is what we muft rely 
 on, and being in writing, 19 more certain than your 
 memory. That is the way the white people have of 
 prefervingtran factions of every kind, and tranftnitting 
 them down io their children *f children for ever; and 
 all di/putes among them are fettled by this faithful kind 
 of iridence, andmu^ be the rute between the great King 
 aid you. This treatys your Sachems and Warriors figiv> 
 ed fome years «after the ftmc Govemdr Spetf-woodf (in 
 right of the great King) hftd been with fome |ieople, 
 of Virginia^ inpoflcflion of thofc vei^ laadsi which you 
 have fet up your late clidm' to. The Commiffionen for 
 Indian affairs at Albany gave the account we mentioned 
 to you ycfterday, to the Governor of New*Tork, aiui 
 
 he 
 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 •M>L 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ' t. 
 
 •i*^- 
 
'•t 
 
 , I 
 
 lAt 
 
 h' 
 
 
 hi' ; 
 
 mi 
 
 llv 
 
 1-; 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 I It 
 
 ■, 
 
 I i6 ] 
 
 '- (< 
 
 he fent it to the Governor of Virginiai—— their names 
 
 wMl be given ya<i by the intcrprctei . 
 • ** iirethnn^ 
 
 ♦* Till. Dispute it not of. i ween Virginia 
 AND YOUi it ij Petting your^righi Ag.iinfl the great 
 King, untler whole gmnti the people you complain 
 of, are fettled. Nothing bur a command ixom the 
 gre.it King c.in remove them*,— they arc too power- 
 ful to be removed by any force of you, our breth- 
 ren i and the ^reat A'lwj^, as our common Father, 
 will do rqual juftice to alt his children: wherefore, 
 -re do belu've they will be confirmed in their pof- 
 
 C( 
 
 <( 
 f« 
 <i 
 <1 
 <c 
 it 
 (( 
 
 fefiions 
 
 r. 
 
 ' r. 
 
 I. ■. 
 
 . i 
 
 1 •.■■■■• 
 
 > 'I 
 
 '' » 
 
 >. «b' 
 
 .V 
 
 
 Here it may be fit to rur})cnd our narrative for a mo- 
 ment, while wcjuft Like notice, that the great CongrtTs 
 held at Albany, in i 754, by order of the King, and 
 f 'the royal proclamation of O^obcr the ^ih, 176;^, cf- 
 ' fe^ally dcfiroycd this bjlicj of Virginia, as will be 
 fccn in the fuccceding pages. .? ,•.- >t t f #• 
 
 j • The Commidloners added, *' We may proceed to 
 / ** fettle, what we arc to give you /or any right you may 
 " havCi or have had^ to all the lands to the ^uMwari/ 
 • ** and wejiward of Maryland and Pennjyhania, though 
 ^* we are informed that the Southern Indians claim 
 •• thefc very lands that you do." . rw* 
 
 On the 30th of June, the Six Nationa fpoke as 
 
 !.., . " Brother of riV^infi, ' . ^: 
 
 \ *^ The world at jirji was made on the other fide of 
 
 j *' the Great Water, different from what his ontHisnde, 
 
 « '* as nlay be known from the different colours of our 
 
 ^ ^ (kin aiid our flefli, and that vthich you calljujiice, may 
 
 *** not kefp among us. You have laws and cu^»ms, and 
 
 " fo hayc we. The great King might fend you otcr 
 
 f' to conquer the Indians, but it looks to us that God 
 
 i ' «« did 
 
icir names 
 
 f^ I k G ! N I A 
 
 I the ^rqai 
 conipliiiii 
 f t'roni the 
 DO povrcr- 
 )ur brctli- 
 yn Fathir, 
 ivhcicfort'i 
 ihcir pol- 
 
 ; for a ino- 
 
 t Congr(.n« 
 
 King, and 
 
 176;^, cf- 
 
 ns will be 
 
 rocccd to 
 
 \ht you may 
 uthward 
 \a, though 
 nt claim 
 
 fpoke as 
 
 sir fide of 
 
 |tHi» fide, 
 
 of ovir 
 
 tice, may 
 
 tms, and 
 
 ^ou otcr 
 
 God 
 
 «« did 
 
 <( 
 
 <( 
 
 •A 
 
 [ 37 1 
 
 <♦ did not approve of if, if he hud, he wotild not have 
 •' placed the fca >^'hcrc it is, «j' thr limits betiveen us 
 •* <i/i</jf«M.— Thoiijjh great Things aic well remcinbcivd 
 ** among us, yet wc Jo not romcmher that \ue werv ever 
 ♦' conquered by the gnat A'lwj^, or that >vc have been 
 •* cnjploycd by the great King to tonqutT other*. We 
 *' do rcuicinlKi wc were cmploycil by Maryland to 
 " coiu]ucr tlie ConcAogucs ; and that the fccond time 
 ♦• wc were at war with them, wc carried them all ofl*. 
 *' Wc will now fpcak to the foint between us. You 
 fay you will agree with us as to the road ; wc dcfire 
 that may be the road which was lail made, (the 
 waggon road.) N. B. This was up to the foot of 
 the great mountain, -as the Six Nations obfcrvcd, 
 where it now is, and it is impolUble for us to re- 
 move it farther to the •weft» 
 
 On the 2d ef JiUy, the Cominifllond||Mtntioncd, 
 chat *' As we have already faid enongh'^wP>u on the 
 fuhjen of the title to the lands, you claim from Virginia, *, , , "* 
 we have no occasion to fay any th'ng n»iM*c to you on ! 
 that head, but come <llrc^1y to the poinu" Wherc^' I 
 fore, they told rbc Six NatioAs, that with the 
 goods they had there, which coft £ 200, Pennfylvania 
 money, aqd / <aoo in gold, ** We vjill give you^ our 
 ** brethren 0/ the Six Nations, wpow Condition thai 
 ** you immediately make 4 d^d kecognizinC th^ 
 " King's right to all the lands that infe, orjbatl 
 
 ** be, BT HIS MAJEftTr's APPOINTMENT, IN T«E 
 
 " COLONY ofe Virginia/' ^ 
 
 Canaffatego (the chief fpeaker of the Indians) deiired 
 the Commiiioiiers would represent tlieir cafe to. the 
 f^ing, iaofderto bive a fifthvf coniiderattoh) wlieji 
 the fettlemcnta« ificreafcd MittrA /x/r/i^r back. ThfiO "^^S 
 the SixNationVc tectited »^ deed to the Kirtg >-— i«and ^ 
 Canaflatcgp deliVered it " fir the lufe of his Feither the j 
 
 / ■ gr^at ' ' - 
 
 k 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
■■ 'I 
 
 - \ 
 
 If- 
 
 [ 3S ] 
 
 grMt AV;ii»/ and Kopfd he would confidcr thcm."--:^ 
 
 This is A britf, but faithful dctailof the inoft material 
 parts of the tranfa£lions, relative to the much relied 
 upon Lnncafler dctd; ard it will appear by fubfe • 
 qucnt conferences with the Six Nations, that they were 
 either deceived by the commiflloncrs, or the Interpreter 
 who explained thc'r fpecchcs to them, and that they 
 never intended to fell any lands wejiward of the Allc- 
 (rany mojtutaint but only fuch lands " as iverc in the 
 
 '* occupaitcn of fome people of rirginiii,*^ Seethe 
 
 ommilfioners Ipcech of thrj 27th of June. 
 In April 1752. the Governor cf Virginia, Appoint- 
 ed Joihua tryy Lunsford LomaXy and James Pvdtont 
 Lfqrs. Commiflloners in behalf ot that colony, to go 
 to the OhiOf and gave them inlhu(ftions to obtain, if 
 poflible, a confrmaiiony fioui the Indians fettled there, 
 of the Lda^iaier deed, aud thercm obfcrvcd, *' That 
 ** as fomffpi^// Save arifcn about the treaty of Lan- 
 caOcr, Vind f urn, tfes have been fpread, as if the Six 
 Nations thought rhcmfelvcs impofed upon by it ; to 
 ** have the treaty explained, and his Majefiys title to all 
 *' the lands exprdTed, and intended tc be ackuow- 
 " ledged by the faid treaty fully explained." 
 
 A treaty, in purfuancc of the above tnflruftions, 
 was held at Logg*s toivn on tlie Ohio, between tbefe 
 Conimillioncrs and the Half King, and fome ofaer In- 
 dians of the Six Nations* 
 
 On theythof June, thtCommiJioners had a PftiVATB 
 Conference with the Half King and the other Chiefs, 
 when they produced the Lancajier deed and other pa- 
 pers. The Indian? thanked them fbr.kttiog tht. 1 
 know what the OmnJago Council had done, and bUuied 
 (the Commifnoner} for keeping the deed >Wv4i^/^ A:c. 
 and faid, the Omtttdaga Coui^eilnevtr igid^keHt, tkafjhy 
 
 bad 
 
 «< 
 
 44 
 
 ;i..r 
 
 Iftoif priRted bj B. Fnwkliii^ 1^44. 
 
 •^;- 
 
 . 
 
I 
 
 39 ] 
 
 t material 
 ich relied 
 )y fubfc ' 
 they were 
 iterprctcr 
 that they 
 ■ the /Ulc- 
 ere in the 
 — Sec the 
 
 , ippoint- 
 
 CS PvittOfl, 
 
 iiy, to go 
 
 obtain, it 
 
 tied there, 
 
 , «' That 
 
 ty of L;in- 
 
 if the Six 
 
 by it i to 
 
 title to all 
 
 ackuow* 
 
 idions, 
 [een thefe 
 otA^T In- 
 
 •aiVATE 
 
 fcr Chiefs, 
 lother pa- 
 log tht. 1 
 Id bUuied 
 lV4i^^f 9cc, 
 
 1^^ had 
 
 Lid /old further i than the JVarriors Road^at the f cot of 
 the /^lligany »*citntduif and that they would confirm 
 "xhatever they had done. 
 
 June the loih, the CommlflionciS and Iiidians met 
 again, v/hen the former Ipukc as follows: 
 Brethren^ 
 
 /IT a 'treaty at Lancajhr^ in ihe year 174^1 be- 
 tween the governments of Virg'nia, Maryland and 
 Pcnnfyivanla, you made a deed recognizing the King^t 
 right to all the lands in Virginia, as far as it was then 
 fecpled or bounded h- the King our Fat her f for which 
 you received the coniidcration agreed on ^— at the fame 
 time Canaffatego deiired ii!»e Commiflioncrs woulU re- 
 commend you to the King'i further favour, when the 
 
 fettUments (hould increafe much further back: this 
 
 the Commiffioners promlfcd, and confirmed it by a 
 writing under their hands and fcals ; in confequence of 
 which a prcfent was fent you from the King, by Mr. 
 Conrad Wcifer, which he fincc informed us that he 
 deHvered you, at a council held here in th;^ year 1748. 
 r»ow the King yoar Father, to Ihew the love he bears 
 :o jufltcty as well af liit. affe^on to you his children, 
 has fent a large prcfent of goods to be divided among 
 you and yoiu. allies, which is l^re ready to be delivered, 
 to you, and wc dedre you may confirm the treaty at 
 
 Lancafier. a '^''>-t^-'l%. •.■' ;t. /;;. ' ,.?*■• 
 
 Brethren, '"^-..^j -..,, .*■'..,. -._. -■ -.v.--' 
 
 It is Uiedefign of the King your Father, at prcfent, 
 to make a fcttlement of Briciih fubje^ on the fouth caii 
 fide of Ohio, that we may be united as one people, by 
 the (Irongeft tict of neighbourhood, as well a« fiieud- 
 Ibipi and by t^fe menns prevent the infults of our 
 enemies. From fuch 9^ fettlcment gi^eater advantage^ 
 will uihxu yt/Mrtluuv you CMi »: prelcnt conceive ; our 
 pe0|»k will be ^|))c to fvpply yoa with goods much 
 
 ' , , ' ^ ' cheaper 
 
 a; 
 
 .r. 
 
ffr 
 
 ■ 4 
 
 (I ' 
 
 m 
 
 i . 
 
 Si " 
 
 • v'^- 
 
 [40] 
 
 cheaper tlian cm at this time be afforded, will be a 
 ready help in cafe you fliould be attadcedi and fonit 
 good nun among them will be appointed with authority 
 ♦o punilh and retrain the many injuries and abufcs too 
 frequently committed here by diforderly white people. 
 Brethren, 
 We allure you., iiiat THh Kiug cur Fat her , bt 
 
 PURCHASING 'your L4NDS, HAD NLVER ANT IN- 
 TENTIONS Ol TAKING THI-M FROM YOU, bu( thai 
 
 we might live together as one people, and klep 
 THLM FROM THK Frknch, who would be bad neigh- 
 bours : He is fiot like the French King who calls him- 
 fclfyoiu' Father, r.nd endeavoured about three years ago 
 with an armed force, to take pofTeilionof your country, 
 by fctting up infcriptions on trees, and at the moutb 
 of the creeks on this river, by which he claims thcfe 
 lands; though at their coming, and for many years 
 before, a number of your brothers, the EngliOi, were 
 refiding in this town, and fcveral other places on this 
 river. You remember how he (the French King) fcat- 
 tercd &c Shd-wanrJ/'Ci fo that they were difpcrfcd all over 
 the face of the earth, and he now threatens to cut oft' 
 the Twigtwfes ; this is to weaken you ; that he njty cut 
 you off alfo, which he diurft not attempt while you arc- 
 united. On the contrary, the King your Father will 
 lay his hajid upon your heads, under which preteclion 
 you will always remain fafc. 
 
 . June the iith the Commiffioncrs and Indians met 
 again, when the Half King of the Six Nationi fpokc 
 as follows; 
 
 Brother, the Governor of Virginia, 
 
 You acquainted us ycl^erday with the Kin^*s right to 
 
 dll the lands in Virginidj as far as it is fettUd, and bad 
 
 from thence to the fun fettingy whenever he fbaU think ft 
 
 to extend ii\% fettl^menis. You produced alfo a copy 
 
 '.%.) 
 
 r 
 
 ■.•^ 
 
1, vill be a 
 [, and fonit 
 rh authority 
 d abufcs tou 
 hite people. 
 
 Father y bt 
 ;r ant in- 
 )U, but that 
 
 AND KUEP 
 
 c bad ncigh- 
 \o calls him- 
 •cc years ago 
 our counirvi 
 t the mouib 'i 
 claims thcle j| 
 many years 
 ingUlh, were 
 llaces on this 
 King) fcat- 
 crfedallovci 
 ns to cut oft' 
 he luiy cut 
 ^ile you arc 
 Father will 
 h proteclion 
 
 Indians met 
 uions fpokc 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 4? 
 
 r 4> 1 
 
 of fyis deed from the Onondaga council, at the treaty at 
 Laucaftcr, and dclircd that your brethren of Ohio might 
 likcwifc ionjirm the deed. Brother , the GoDcrncr of 
 Vir7'tnxdy ivc arc luell acquainted \\^\\ our chief council, 
 at the treaty of Lancafter, confirmed a deed to you for 
 
 A Q^UASm Y OF LAND IN VIRGINIA, which yOU 
 
 have a right to, and likcwifc our brother Onas has a 
 right to a parcel of land in Pcnnfylvania: We are glad 
 you have acquainted us ivith the right to thcje lands y 
 and afTurc you we are willing to confirm any thing our 
 council has done in regard to the lands j uUT WE 
 NEVER UNDERSTOOD, BEFORE you told US yejicrday^ 
 that the lands then fold^ were io extend further to the 
 ^'>n fettingy than the hill on the other fide the Jllegany 
 hilly fo that we cannot give you a fart her anfwer,** 
 ** Brother, 
 
 You acquainted us yefterday that the French wecc 
 a dcfigning people, which we now fee, and know that 
 they dcfign to cheat us out of our lands : you told us 
 that the A'ing of England dcfigned to fettle fonie lands 
 on the fcuth eajl fide of Ohio, that it might be better 
 in our brethren's power to help us, if wc were in need, 
 than it Is at prefcnt, at the great diflance they live from 
 us. '^'' are fure the French detign nothing elfe but 
 mif iic^, ror they have ftruck our friends the Twig' 
 twie. -f therefore define our brothers of Virginia' 
 may buiiu ,i Jlrong htufe at the fork of MonbngchefilBlt to 
 keep fuch goods, powder, lead and necefTaries, as (hall 
 be wanting, and as foon as you pleafe; and as we have 
 given our coufins, the DtlawareSy i King who livi 
 thercy wc dciire you will look on him as a Chief o^ 
 that nation. "* Gave a large firing of wampum.** 
 
 *' June the 1 2th. This day the Indians gave the Cdm* 
 mil; 5 jcri an aniwcr, concertiing the land which the 
 Ohio company wanted to fettli. They defired them t9 
 
 F yuitd 
 
 I .■* 
 
 >■ 
 
 ■,.*:>-■. 
 
 
 i^v 
 
PW^ 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I, 
 i 
 
 K-'l 
 
 id: 
 
 m^ 
 
 WH 
 
 n 
 
 t[i 
 
 ' 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 > 
 
 « 
 
 I 4^ ] 
 
 build a^ftrong hoiijc or fort very fszn. As the Comtnif- 
 fioncrs had alkcJ for the hinds at Moiiongehcia, they 
 imagined the Indians had given up thofe upon that 
 river, but they (the Indians) only meant Ground 
 sutnciLNT roK THr. Fori' to iland upon, as -p- 
 peared by a private converfation with the Half King, 
 who faid that was all that -was intenrifd, (though he 
 ahvays fpoke the fentiments of others, and not his own) 
 as he knew a proper fettlcment could uot be made 
 witJiout a huge quantity of land." 
 
 June 13. The Half King fpeakiug to the Commif- 
 - iioners, ( O'vcd, 
 ' " Brc. 
 
 We have he<»id what you faid in regard to the King's 
 •defign of making a Tettiement of his people on the wa- 
 ters of the river Ohio j you likewife told us you had a 
 deed for thofe lands, figned by our council at the treaty 
 of Lancajier. We aflure you of our willingnefs to a- 
 gree to what our Council does, or has done; 
 hut vie have not the full power here in our hands, on 
 Ohio: We muft acquaint our Council at Onond^go, of 
 the affair, and whatever they bid us do, Wc 
 WILL DO.— >Io regard to your requeft to build dftrong 
 houfe at the Monongehela, you told us it would require 
 a fcttiemeot to fupport it whh provifions jitid neceFa- 
 ries^ and it is true} hut -we -mill take care that there 
 /ball he ho fear city of that kind, UNTiL we can give 
 you A FULL ANSWER; although in all our wars we. 
 do Hot coniider provifious, for we live on one another, 
 but we know it is different with our brethren the Englijb, 
 Nocwithftanding thefe honeft explanations, " the 
 Commiffioners had an fnjirument drawn for confirming 
 the deed made at Lancafter, and containing apromife 
 " that the Indians wouU not molej our fettkments on 
 " thffouth eajfide, Ohio. (They) dt^cd Mr. Afon- 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
Hommif- 
 :Ia, they 
 pon that 
 Iround 
 1, as "p- 
 ilf King, 
 lOugh he 
 his own) 
 be made 
 
 Commil- 
 
 hc King's 
 a the wa- 
 fou had a 
 the treaty 
 aefs to a- 
 s done; 
 )andSf on 
 idsge, of 
 DO, We 
 dftrong 
 require 
 ncccFa- 
 \hat there 
 
 N GIVE 
 
 wars wc^ 
 another, 
 
 Englijh. 
 
 , «« the 
 \nfirming 
 
 \promife 
 
 tents on 
 
 •«"f«iir 
 
 .. ; 
 
 [ 43 1 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 << 
 
 (< 
 
 I( 
 
 Ci 
 
 (I 
 
 ti 
 
 / 
 
 tour to convcrfe ivith his brethren the other Sachems 
 IN PRIVATE ON THE SUBJECT, to Urge the neccf- 
 fity of fuch a fettlemeHt^ and the great advantage it 
 would be to them, as to their trade or their fccurity: , 
 On -u//'iJ} they nt'ued for feme timet ^"d then re- 
 tmiK'd: and Air. Montour /z/W they were sa- 
 risriED IN the matter, and were willing to 
 fgn and fcal the writing, which was done and wil- 
 nefled by the gentlemen then prefent." 
 The reader will be pleafcd to make his own obfcrva- 
 tions upon this very extraordinary tranfa^on:-*— We 
 Ihall forbear to anticipate them, by any remarks of purs*^ 
 
 INDIAN DEED. ^^ 
 
 (( TXT HERE AS at a treaty of Lam after, in the | 
 * ^ county of Lancafter, and province of Penn- ] 
 ** fylvaniay held between the government of Virginia , 
 <* and the Six United Nations of Indians, in the year of 
 our Lord 1744* the Honorable Thomas Lee and 
 William Beverly, Efqrs. being Coram iifioners, a deed 
 recognizing and acknoivledging the right and title of 
 his Majefiy, our Sovereign Lord the King of Great 
 Britain, to all the lands ivithin the colony% as it was j 
 then or hereafter might he peopled, and bounded h kii 
 faid Majefly, our Sovereign Lord the King, his heirs 
 andfuccejjors, tuas fgned, fealed and delivered hy the I 
 Sachems and Chiefs of the Six United Nations^ then 
 prd^t, as may move fully appear by the laid deed^ i 
 reference thereto being had :^i? Conogariera, C&tr ' 
 feaga, Conqn/agret, Eaghuifara, Togrondoara^ Th^^ J 
 nariffa. Sachems and Chiefs of the faid Six NMU$s^ 
 now met in Council ait Lagf^s Tecum, do hereby figmfjf 
 our confemt to,, and cMifirma^ion if the faid deed^.'kt 
 M full and Ample a manner, a^ if the fame wai. here 
 recited. And whereas his faid Majeft^t Kiqig of 
 Great Britaint has at prciSMit a d(iiign'of making a 
 
 **^ fctdemc; 
 
 ti 
 
 tt 
 
 (( 
 
 <( 
 
 <c 
 
 ii 
 
 (i 
 
 C( 
 
 f( 
 
 C( 
 
 u 
 
 it 
 
 (C 
 
 (( 
 
 i( 
 
 cC 
 
 « 
 
 • <; 
 
!.■' t 
 
 h 
 
 I 
 
 ; » 
 
 
 << 
 <( 
 «( 
 <C 
 <( 
 << 
 
 !i^ 
 
 l!li! 
 
 Wmehest 
 
 v." 
 
 f-^ 
 
 [ 44 ] 
 
 / " fettloment or fctllcmcnis of Britijh fubjefls on the 
 
 ** fouthcrn or tMlU'rn parts of the river Ohioy c.illecj 
 
 othcrwile Jllt'i^any. WE in Council ( Jojbua t'r\'t 
 
 Lvv.^f'}r(^ l.omax and James Patton^ Efqrs. being 
 
 ** Commiflioncrs on behalf of his Majefty,) ilo give our 
 
 con/tut thereto : and do fart her promt fe^ that the /aid 
 
 fettlement or fett lenient s (ball be unmolejled by us, and 
 
 that we luilf, as far as in our power, ajfijl and pro- 
 
 teSi the \^v\\.\(\\ fubje^s there inhabiting. In wilnefs 
 
 whereof we have hereunto fct our hands and fcals, 
 
 this 13th day of June, in the year of our Lord 
 
 God 1752." 
 
 About the month of September, 175^^* a treaty was 
 held by IVilliam Fairfax, Efq; one of the Council of 
 Virginia, by order of Governor Dunwiddte, at IVinchef- 
 ter in that ftate, with Chiefs of the Six United Na- 
 tions, and feveral of the diff« it tribes of Indians re- 
 ading on or near the Ohio. This remarkable treaty 
 is in the Brttifb Planiation Office, IVhitehall. On the 
 back of the journal of this treaty, is inferred a memo- 
 randum iigned by Mr. Commiffioner Fairfax^ to 
 |his effetfl : That he did not dare to mention the 
 ajfair of the lands over the Great Mountain, or the 
 Laneafier deed, as the Indians were in a very bad hu- 
 mour on account of that tranfaHion, The journal of this 
 treaty, it is fuppofcd, is in the proper office of Virginia, 
 |n September and O^ober, 1753* a treaty was held 
 at Carlifle in Pennfylvania, by Richard Peterti Jfaac 
 Harris and Benjamin' franklin, Efqrs. Commiffioners 
 appointed by Mr* Hamilton, Lieutenant Governor of 
 Pennfylvania, with fome cf the moft confidcrablc of 
 Tf ~ ihcSix Nation, Delaware znd Shawneje Indians, 
 - ' At this treaty, on the 34 pf Oilobcr, Scarraday, • 
 |he Half King, fpoke thus: Brother 
 
 • The ikme ba(ffCingt who told th* Virgin* Commiflionen «t Lotf*s 
 inoM, that aU the /romti the /m4««j meant to frafit on Obit, vmfi^S^^ 
 J^fbe^$rttojtsH4Bfit. Page ^|, • / 
 
 J 
 
 \ 
 
'4 
 
 f 45 ] 
 
 £\s on the 
 hio, called 
 fojbua t'rvt 
 qrs. being 
 ilo i^ive our 
 hat the /aid 
 ' hy uSy and 
 yi and pro- 
 
 In wiincfs 
 s and feals, 
 
 our Lord 
 
 I treaty was 
 
 Council of 
 
 at IVinchef- 
 
 United Na- 
 
 Indians rc- 
 
 kabL' treaty 
 
 7. On the 
 
 Id a mcmo- 
 
 'airfaXf to 
 
 ntion the 
 
 in, or the 
 
 J bad hu- 
 
 nal of this 
 
 |f Virginia, 
 
 was held 
 
 \erit ^^<^ 
 miffioners |1 
 
 ivernor of 
 
 ierable of 
 
 }rraday% * 
 brother 
 
 at L«j 
 
 
 Brother Onaif 
 
 I defire you will hear and take notice of what I am 
 going to fay to you. The Governor of Virginia deftrcd 
 L'iive to build ajirong houfe on the Ohio, which came to 
 the cars of the Governor cf Canada ; this caujed him /» 
 invade our country. We defire that 'Pennfylvania and 
 Virginia would forbear fettling our lands over the Alle- 
 gany hills. We advife you rather to call your people 
 bacjc on this fide (the eallern fide) of the hills, Icall 
 damage fhould be done," &c. 
 
 In November, I753» Major (now General) fVafi- 
 ingtoUf a Commiflioncr from Virginia, fummoned an 
 Indian Council at Logg's Town on the Ohiot confifting 
 of the Half King and a number of Warriors of the Six 
 NiiiionSt Deldivares and Shawnejfe ; and fpoke to them 
 as follows: 
 
 ** The French have driven you out of your couutry^ 
 and declared you had nothing on the Ohio, The Eng- 
 lifj, who are your brothers, have too much juflice to 
 think the Six A'titions, their faithful allies, fhould 
 ever b ' treated In this manner. After you had been 
 with the Governors of Virginia and Pennfylvania, they 
 have, at your repeated rcquc^,fent an army to fupport 
 your rights^ To PUT vou in possession of your 
 
 LANI>S, DISPOSSESS THE FrENCH, AND SECURE 
 
 you ALL THIS Country.** : ^ 
 
 The ^ijc Nations being very uneafy on account of 
 fettlementSy which the Virginians vitrc making iveft' 
 •ward of the Allegany Mountain, and of thii deed got 
 from them at Lcncafien ferious complaints. were made 
 to t1rc Britifb Minifters, and on the i8th of 8q;)teinber» 
 1 75 3, the following royal injiru^ion was feDtloSir 
 D* An vers Oflwrne, Governor of New York: 
 
 *' That nothing may be wanting to convince tho Inr, 
 dians of the 6ncerity of our intentions^ you wW do 
 
 (I 
 
 .*• 
 
 #: 
 
 ■ i>^, 
 
 
 / „ 
 
 •♦' 
 

 ..I 
 
 ■* t 
 
 Hi 
 
 ; <{ 
 
 r 
 
 !fi 
 
 *!:^^ 
 
 I 46 ] 
 
 " wfl/ t9 exAmir.e into the complaints they have madi; 
 *» cf^rinft defrauded of their lands -, to take all proper and 
 "'^ !ejf<xl methods /3 rcdrefs their complaints^ and to gra^ 
 • tify thrm by reafonahle purch.ijes^ or in fuch othir 
 *• m.ifti'rs as youfhalljind pio/i proper and agreeable to 
 ** themy for fuch lands as have been un-warrantahh' taken 
 ** from themt and for fuch nthery as they may have a de- 
 ** fire to difprfc of. As wc find it has been ufual on 
 ** former otcafions, when an iiucrvicwr has been held 
 , ** with the Indians y {or the oihcr neighbouring govern- 
 ** ments in alliance with thcm^ to feud Commiffoners to 
 ** be joined with thofe of New Tork^ and as the prcfcnt 
 •* wavering difpofition of the Indians equally affefts 
 ** the other provinces^ we have -wrote to the Governors of 
 •' Virginia, Pennfylvania, Maryland, New Harapfhire, 
 ** Maflachufet's and New Jcrfcy, dcfiring them to rc- 
 •* prefent to their refpeFlive JffemhlieSt the utility and 
 ** ncccfllty of this meafure, and to urge them to make 
 ** a proper provifion for it; and therefore it will be 
 ^' netcffary, when yon have fettled the time and place 
 *' of meeting, you Hiould give them early notice of it ^ 
 *' and this leads us to recommend one thing more to 
 *< your attention, and that is to take care theit all the 
 «* provinces be (if {fra^icable) comprized in one general 
 ** irceUy to be made in his Majejly*s names it appearing 
 <( to us that the praclice of a province making ^ifepa" 
 <* rate treaty for itfelfy in its own name> 19 very im- 
 ** proper) and may be attended with great incQnveni-* 
 " encjes to his Majefty's fcrvice. 
 
 «* WkM J. GRANVILLE, 
 
 *' Sept. 18, 1753. nUPPUN.'' 
 
 «* To Sir Danvers OJhernef v 
 
 ** Governor of JV^V' ^*''^«** 
 In conOoipdtce of this inftrudlloQ, a comfnifflon was 
 
 I , " jIP ' ■' ' ■ "" ' ^— Ijfr 
 
 
ave made-, 
 proffer and 
 nd to gra- 
 fuch other 
 \re cable to 
 'jA/v taken 
 >iXVc a dc' 
 i ufual on 
 been held 
 o gov em - 
 iJfiQuers to 
 he prefent 
 illy affcds 
 vcrnors of 
 ampfhirc, 
 icm to rc- 
 itility and 
 n to make 
 t will be 
 nd place 
 Iticeofit} 
 more to 
 1/ all the 
 \e general 
 Ippearing 
 ^fepa- 
 fcry im- 
 lonvenH 
 
 JFAX, 
 
 ion was 
 
 I 
 
 
 . [ 47' 1 
 
 opened at JIhany, with the Six United Nations of ///- A\hiny. 
 iluins^ on rhe lylh day of June, 1754* by the Honor- 17x4. 
 able James Delancey^ (Sir Danvers Ojhorne being then 
 dead; Lieutenant Governor of the province of IVeiu 
 Torkt and the following Crown Commiilioners from 
 their fcviiral provinces, 
 
 Hon. Jofeph Murray,' 
 Will. Johnfon, 
 John Chambers, 
 William Smith, 
 Theod. Atkinfon, 
 Kichard WMi^ 
 Maik t l Wcare, 
 Henry Sherburne, 
 Samuel Willis, 
 John Chandler, 
 Olivcf Pau'idge, 
 ^ ' JohnWorthington, 
 ,, , William Pitkins, 
 Roger Woplcot, 
 Eliflia Wilbamt, 
 Stephen HopkiAs, 
 Martin Howard, 
 Benjamin Ta£ber, 
 Bcsjamin Barnef» 
 John Penn, 
 Ifaac Norris, 
 Benjamin Franklin, < 
 Richard Peters, 
 For FfV^fiiid,— — •^•Lieutenaat GoTernor Delancey, o^ 
 
 Nevf Tork* 
 - N .B. On the 2 sthoi OAober, 1 754^ Governor Dvt" 
 widdie wrote to the Lords Coailiiffionen for trade and 
 plantati<|iti, that he hadre^oclted OovernOr Delanctf to^ 
 >P{^ i9r« and repfefei^ (hf $pUMf ^ Virgmkii it 
 
 For AViu Torkf 
 
 For 
 
 New Hampjbire^ 
 
 For 
 Majfachufets Bay, 
 
 For Conneilicutt' 
 
 Tor RhodcIJLndA 
 For Maryland, < 
 
 VoTPenn/ylvaniOf 
 
 Efqrs. of* 
 his Ma- 
 jefty*. 
 counciU 
 
 £rqrs. 
 
 Efqrs. 
 
 'Efqrs* 
 Sfqrs* 
 
 Efqrs. 
 
 iC*-.' 
 
 '■><■ 
 
 is1^' 
 
 ■f *' 
 
 ^' 
 
 -^^ 
 
 "ij^r 
 
 :j^- 
 
; 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 1 1 
 
 a 
 
 If I 
 
 rfe!' 
 H ' 
 
 ■ti . 
 
 <t^ ^ 
 
 ^■'■h, 
 
 111'' ■ 
 
 r:i.:. ; 
 
 !(t 
 
 P-' 
 
 I 4S ] 
 
 tin CiinprcTs to he luKl by his MajtftyN con\maiul, at 
 ^illumxy with the Six I'nitid Nations i)f InJitifis. 
 
 'Ihis liittr, may he fouiul in the SLcrct.uy's otfite, 
 of the ftatr nt' AV-ry 7>jrk ; the original is in the oihcc 
 . i>t" rill- Uoaiil of TiMiU*, lilitchull^ L'.Kihn* 
 
 (J\xtri\n^ ft '.m tht: iiiCAt Trcity >it Albany, in I7;4. 
 
 *• His Honor llic Lieutenant (iovernor oi .\e\v York 
 hi\in}» yeltenlay Uintteil Mr. y^.i^n-i'', Deputy Scerc- 
 lary t»t the laitl proxine^, to \vait upon the Conunil- 
 liun»;rs ot tli.' r< vera! iMn\iniis, and aennaint thern his 
 Honor <lelMt\l , th .n tluv w khM iuk i inCouni il, in the 
 C'it\ 11. ill ot .i!b,:r:\ this nioniinj;, in ni\!er lu|>ro«luie 
 tluir pmvcrs, .iiul pKuccvl U) Inirnulb: The laivl ^Tow- 
 miUi',>u-)S heini; an oi'iImi^jIv n\,it» took their fc.its, .md 
 piuilneid their rei,>ee4i\e i '>nuniirK)ns, whicli were rcaJ. 
 
 lii* Hon<>r ill. n pr»>tlueei.l a letter from tlie lliglit 
 Honor. iI>K' the Loul> of Traili-, hearing il.ite the I 8th 
 «)t S.|'fen»l'».r lall, i^lee thib letter in page 45,46) and 
 the lame was read." 
 
 On the 2 "til of June, the hid'uiKi complained oj 
 ihri, Lfi.I.i /'i.-n^^ ( lainuil^ and fa'ulf tiny haJ not /lid them. 
 
 On ih: 2d of Jidy, the famous iSaehem Htudriik 
 delivered a I'pc ech in behalf of the Six Aatirv.s^ and 
 laid '* the (Jovernors of I'lrqinin and Canada arc both 
 tjuarrelling about lands, which Inlonp; to lu. They quar- 
 n 1, who Ihall have the huds.J They have made a path 
 ro' our country to trade, and build houies, without 
 ncijuainting us with it. They Ihould "have firft alked 
 our tonfent to build there, as was done, when O/wt-go 
 was built. 
 
 On the 28th of July, Governor DeLincey and the 
 nd the other Commillioncrs fpoke as follows to the 
 
 t^ 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 /. 
 
 i Six A 
 
 at ions. 
 
 I 
 
 Brothers. 
 Wc gladly iiuderiund, that you gave no coutcnance 
 
 to 
 
 "*!» 
 
:on\matuJ, at 
 In^liiiiis. 
 ut.iry's olficc, 
 
 ■ 
 
 t'piity Sec re- 
 lic Coininil'- 
 '"' <''<■ iM his 
 ^"'' il* in the 
 ■ 'u I'loduic 
 lu j.iiil (T^;??- 
 •■ Icits, .mil 
 h were read. 
 I thL lliyhf 
 tc the i«th 
 i5>4^') anJ 
 
 n plained c/ 
 >/ /old them. 
 n H'liJriii- 
 tfi'^nSf aiu! 
 /.J are both 
 riuy t|uar- 
 laUc a path 
 5, without 
 iirft alked 
 icn 0/wfgo 
 
 t 4y ] 
 
 !''■''" ''-H "h- Govern,,,., 'V','.-^''""- ^o^'om- 
 
 "■•"'^ •■'-■',7* ;.-.v. ,.„,..,;,,'/" ""^ ''•"^- --ic „c>, 
 
 ''kt .1 'neeiinn of v - 
 
 P'crcu j„i„, jv,,,,/' "'•'''• ■'"'y«tM".. .754. 
 
 ^i'chard Peters /rr 
 
 ^'-•"i^^n'i" Franklin P ''''/^'^^'^•^nfrs for 
 
 i';«.ic Norris, J ^ '"^'/jlvania. 
 
 ^'oniad Wei/er F. , i 
 
 eai J ilnce we 
 
 ^' Ona, and our [ 
 
 came her 
 
 that 
 
 had { 
 
 ome difputes aboTit t\ 
 
 u^otherofAVu;£,;^/. 
 
 our bro- 
 
 i>'iU ha 
 
 «u"c kind as th 
 
 tl'Jputeof thei 
 (■■^^nada and the C 
 
 >;"" will not diiier with 
 ''•all h 
 
 »^' lands of nhamok 
 
 AC 
 
 7« 
 
 ovcrnorof^Vr^,,,,,;,.^^ 
 
 f«^' the Governor of 
 
 "^ we de/Ii 
 
 ave It 
 
 thefe 
 
 O'lc another, for neithc 
 
 '1 c 
 
 and defence 
 
 'Hid other conf 
 
 was i 
 
 ^^•cnccs, a treaty of alii 
 
 " ihc AV;/^rV n 
 
 G 
 
 •"ic concluded 
 with 
 
 «*'= 
 
' '. 
 
 K 
 
 ii 
 
 
 .f'\ 
 
 \i 
 
 V: ' 
 
 |\ 
 
 !'>' 
 
 H 
 
 
 <i- 
 
 iiii' 
 
 ^.1 
 
 
 L 
 
 J 
 
 \\\{\\ il»c .V.v \'.Utr:s, .i!u! on the 71I1 ot Auj^mII, 0;>- 
 \tMiu»r lLim:ltjH of l\HVfylv,niiay ia !»is Ipicch to hi> 
 AillnjUIy, rrul, •' l( is wirii ;M\.»t r.jiisf.iJtion, that I 
 ** now coainuinicjitc to y/m tlic piocctJinj's of ilu 
 •• C'oMiinillloiius at tlw Lit, tr,(tty at .Hhatr^^ .is on 
 poruril iluicor, you will lU.uly perceive tl\it :'r 
 i:nJi t\ tht' fiver Obio 1/. v< / Iwlinn to the India 
 
 «i 
 
 «i 
 
 II. s 
 
 ' •' 'if the i>i\ N.;tioMs, .md U.ivc \o\\\ (\\\\.i bwcn nut 
 
 *( 
 
 »^. 
 
 </</• th^ pi tsili.n of the Cr own t/ Eiit'laiul, 
 
 On (•!• .lUoiit tlu- 1 5lh ot April, 1755, (ivnrr.il 
 BriiJil'„i ilcliv4;rciJ ',\ fet ol iiilliMu'lioiis to Sir ll'illiam 
 ^"^^Hj^tiy Baron ., his Ihit.inu Majt(>y*s SupciiMrcn- 
 ^laiit oi hiMtiii, atr.iirs, .iiul tlu icin nR'niiomd, th.ii the 
 tivi f^'iHhfis of InJiausy oil i!ic i(;th of July, 1701, 
 |):ui put all their licavcr lluiit under the prcteHion of 
 iiic King of EKyJnnd^ to be guaranteed t'j them and tht ir 
 piff : and thai by dtn* bcarirfg date in 1726, the Lay' 
 hi^as, S^fiecas ^rul Onondagos^ d'\d j>ut their l.mds ind 
 caftlcs H^fAr th(f pro$£fHon of the King of England, to 
 be protcSlcd and defended by the faidKingy his hijurs and 
 fucceffcrs for rvcrf to and for th." ufe of then; thitfaid 
 Indiilns, their heirs and fiuccjftn for ever : an(Mheii 
 the Gencr4hdcclarcd, ** That whereas the frcnch have 
 ***from time 10 time, by fraud and 'Violence, built 
 ** itrong forts^ within tl^i Hmit'tf of the faid land, con-* 
 '* trary to the covenant chaini||f the {aid trcatict^T'^ou 
 *^ are in my name to alVure the4mi^ nations, tHat I am 
 •* c<5me, by his MajeJ}y*s ogrdpr,^ d<:ftruv all the laid 
 ** forts, and to build fucUom^r^ asfb^tl protefl Mni 
 " /ball fecure the faid Attds to thevt, their hairs and 
 ** fuccejfars for ever, according to the true intent aa(;i 
 '* fpirit of the faid treaty; and'Ido therefore call upon 
 •* them to take up the hatchet» and come and t^ke pcf- 
 " f'J^on of their own /ands" 
 
 Thefe engagements impofed the (Irongtft obliga- 
 tions 
 
 
 • % 
 
[ J- J 
 
 till, <■'.:>- 
 k\\ to lil; 
 \, that I 
 s of ihi 
 /Vi '^s on 
 
 //'./^ /'r 
 
 (' IiMi.uis 
 
 I) put .7'. • 
 
 » 
 
 (»> ikmmI 
 ■ II' 1 1 Ham 
 pciintt'u- 
 , th.it tl)c 
 
 tcHion of 
 
 and t hi if 
 
 the ^tf^y- 
 
 |.inds Ind 
 
 •land, /o 
 
 thtfaid 
 indrthcii 
 ch have 
 built 
 d, COB- 
 
 at I am 
 he Hi id 
 
 \rt and 
 nt awi 
 1 upon 
 
 ke poj- 
 
 Obliga- 
 tions 
 
 c 
 
 iK)ns upon the crowti oiChcat ffrlt^in, and its fitcccf 
 / 'Sf not liiltply to admit, but tu fiipport and maintain,- 
 a^^iinlt all Oppcliiion, the right ot the Hix Nat ions 2.ud 
 ihtir alliiiMs, to their ftvcial couiurics. 
 
 While ihcic lranli»i>ions wcr 
 
 c c.invinu on m 
 
 .Ymr- 
 
 ;•»■(•.;, a nii',oiiation was begun in /w/ro/'*', between the 
 Ct)to ts oi Francr and iinat liritain^ fvom which it 
 will ipptar, that the title of the i/.v Nations to their 
 iMialic'uated lands and tcrriturics, was kt\o\vn, admitted 
 and Itrongly allerted, not only in /huricnt but /'^ the 
 hiiii^s of tttuut' and England. f^ 
 
 In the month of January, 1753,1110 Duke dc Mht'- 
 poix, the King of Framc^s Amballador, \n obedience, 
 to his inlh iK^Hons, propofed, that orders flioutdbc font 
 10 the refpeciive (Governors of both nations i America, 
 to </<//// from all farrlier a<fts of violcnec; that mat- 
 ters IhouKl he rcllored without delay to the fame fitua- 
 tion on the Ohio^ that they were in before the laft war, 
 and that the fcveral preicnlions of the two Kings 
 iliould be referred to the Commiffioncn then fitting in^ 
 I ar[S, . 
 
 January 22d, 1755, the Uritifb Court anfwcrc<J» 
 ** Thatlbc pofTcilion of the territory towards the river 
 OfHOf muft 'be reflorcd to the fame iuuation it was i^- 
 tuallyin at the concluiion of the treaty at Utrecht,^ 
 
 February the 6th, 1755, th#King of France alt 
 ledgei, that the King of Englapd h^d no prctenfions to 
 ♦the country in 1679, and that the treaty of Utnchi, 
 had not made th^ lead mention thereof. He at tht 
 lame time propofed to the Conrt of London a prelimi- 
 nary convention, and fuggefted the proviiional con*- 
 ditions thereof; one of which was, that the Englijk 
 fubjefts ihould retire to the eaflward of the AUegaaif 
 Mountain^ and the French fubjefts to the w^^ward of 
 the river Ohio. ^ '^'^ 
 
 f 
 
 ^ 
 
 *. 
 
 ^ 
 
 *. 
 
 
 ^^^ ■ 
 
 % •,»#'• 
 
3 
 
 [ 52 ] 
 
 March the 7tb, 1755, his liritanic Majcfty propofcd 
 to agree loiU" foregoing conditions, in cafe the King 
 of France would fend orders to his Governor and 
 Commanders in North j^'mtriciij to dcmohjhy in fix 
 months, all the forts that had been cre(fkcd at different 
 places upon the Ohio^ Sec. 
 
 March the 27th. The King of /'r<j»;ftf objecleil to 
 this propofali and April the 5th, the Court of A';/i7- 
 land infifted upon it, and the two Courts continued 
 indecifively negociaiing, until the 14th of May, 1755. 
 xuklfn tl^c Duke de MlrcpoiXy prefenicd a mc morial to 
 tlie Britijb Miniftry, and denied the /hiti/b King had 
 the lead right to the lands weftward ot the AlU-^nny 
 Mountain; and in the fccond article of this memorial, 
 rfie Court oi France fpeaking of \.\\c Six AationSf faid, 
 • Thcfc Savages arc free and independent y and there arc 
 none of them who may be called ////yV^j of either 
 ,' ^^*^ crown: What appears on the face of the treat; of U- 
 trecht-y in regard to this, is faulty, and caic nuifie no 
 -'» * alteration in the nature 0/ things. It is cirtain that 
 ^ " no Englijhman dare, without the rifque of being majfa" 
 * cred^ tell thx Iroquois (the Six Nations) that they are 
 
 fuhjeRs of England. Thcfc Savnge Nations "^^c go- 
 verned by thcmfelves.* *^ " - ^ ^ ,. m 
 ' , On the 7th of Jape f 1755, the Brit i fa MtMcr 
 -:^ - .f delivered a ^emorivto the Duke de Mirepoix^ an<) in 
 the (econd and third afiicles, k is obfc« vcfl)— 
 
 r Second article. " However /r*r it!hd independent thm 
 ^* Savagts in queftion (the Six Natioot) may be, 
 ** which is apoin^ the Court of Great Oritdin will 
 /V not difcu/s, /^M.*. Wheia mpofition will hot beara 
 difmffi^t^f it W' certainly mpft prudent rp avoid every 
 thiiHp btst poiuive aiTerttons) /i&ry cannot be confi- 
 - ^ «f dcred 
 
 •%-rs.,. 
 
 I I 
 
 ' • Here we fee the Confe«lcT*tfi« Natjom are ejipHcltly aekncwiedg^^ by 
 Trtnct [o be di(HnA from the fubjeait either of tk<a kiiiikift, or £»il»»d. 
 
 *.<^ 
 
 j-v 
 
 /• 
 
r 33 ] 
 
 propofcJ 
 the King 
 rn^^r and 
 
 b, in 
 
 fix 
 ilitftrcnt 
 
 (jcx^cil to 
 
 of t:nit- 
 
 lontinucd 
 
 morial to 
 King had 
 
 iicmoiial, 
 ionSf faid, 
 
 there arc 
 
 of cither 
 
 ;at; of U- 
 
 i. mane no 
 
 tai'i that 
 \^g majfa- 
 $hey arc 
 ye go- 
 
 MfoUler 
 anu in 
 
 ident thm 
 I may he, 
 \Ain will 
 it bear v 
 
 Id 'every 
 confi- 
 
 i^ dered 
 
 ricdg^i b^ 
 
 << (Icrcd and treated nthcrwllc ih.-n as fubjc(Sls of Cirat 
 *' Sritniiii by Fraun- in particuLir^ rjnc'„" Ihe has fo- 
 ''• Icmnly engaged by the treaty of Utrci hi^ to tomulLV I 
 ** thcni as fuch." 
 
 This article evidently iiifcovcrs that the BritiJJ.y Mi- 
 niiby were confeious of no other foundation to their 
 claim of ^A?w/;j«'(>;j over the Six Au^/c/m, than a pariicu- 
 l.ir exprcflion in the treaty of Utr/'cht, which might 
 {Kihaps be urged againft the Court of t'ranr&, but 
 couid not alter " the nature of things," or at all 
 atFe(ft thele n^itions thcmfclvcs, aIio v;ere not parties 
 to that treaty. 
 
 Third article. ** Whatever pretext might be al- 
 *' lelged by France^ in confidering thefe countries as 
 ** //v appurtenances of Ca ladd^ it is a certain truth, 
 '* that they have belonged. AND as they H^VE not \ 
 *' BEEN GIVEN UP, OR MADE OVER TO THE EnG- \ 
 
 ** LiSH, BELONG s fiLL /5 th^ favxe Indian ^^tionSy^* 
 ** v/lii^i, by the 15th article of the treaty oi Utrecht ^ 1 
 ** France agreed not lo'^moleft. What the Court of 
 " ^'"^iKki'Of^^^^''* tnaintainfy"-'Vi\ii\t it inJJjfs upon, is, 
 ** Thartb'' Five Nations of the Inqusis, acknowlcged 
 " by France to be fubje<Sts of Gfcai' Britain y are by o- 
 " rigiHy or by right of ccnqueji , Tif^ lawful Pro- 
 *' PRIETORS of the river OhiOy and the territory in 
 " quefiiwi:* 
 
 The capture of two French fhips of war (tlie /fhide 
 
 • An incontromtihje proof this, that neither the Hrmj|^Klnf nor his 
 Minitlers apprehended, that by the trtatj or ifftd madeat LancaJ]ir in 
 lf44, the Six ^^«/<o«i had fold to hJs Majcfiy, tiihtands vfjf-ward of the 
 AlhjjgHy MountMH, othervifc thc>' would p<>t certainly hare- dej'triiil ^ 
 rlaim, which they might fo rafily hare fet jp. The deed, luch as it is, 
 >'(*ii)c made to Grorjfc the Second, and m/ tc y'lrf^ima. The King and his 
 Miniilert'difdaincd to avail themrdves of fuch a vafue, unju(iif:t<hlc and 
 indefcnfible Jeed, procured for the inconliderabic film nf Four HunHred 
 Pouiidst l*<nnfylv»m4 fVOrtrjp» .but honellly declared, th;it ** tbt% (the 
 i«ndiab<vre ment}<m':d);Mvr Aof (<'fM/iv('iiii^v nor mapf (>vkr to rvt, 
 ^niii.ii,»^' but ** ^itM^p tTiLt to tur &amk Ikuian NATiw'«*t" 
 
 
 
 •1 ' m 
 

 •i ■ V 
 
 1 
 
 - ' ■ 
 
 1 
 
 1 1- ^ 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 1 r 
 
 ^- • 
 
 1 
 
 ; . 
 
 1 
 
 IJ. 
 
 f ]■ ^ '• 
 
 1. 
 
 1 •■ ■ i- 
 ( 
 
 > ■■ • 
 ■1 
 
 '^': 'ih 
 
 ii 
 
 i!:,l 
 
 
 I 54 J 
 
 nnd Tvj j by Adnural Bofciiwcn's fleet on llic follow- 
 ing day, put an end to this ncp.ociation, and pre- 
 vented the Court of France from furilici- alKrting the 
 independency of the Six XationSf as would othcrwifc 
 have donbilefs been done 
 
 On ihe ijlh of May, I75 5, Sir H'illiiVn John fun Ai^- 
 livercd a fpecch to tlie Six jWiticns, and therein laid. 
 i, ** Dr'jthcrs and /ilUcs of the Six Aiilions, 
 
 '* Ideclare to you in the prcfence of your Chiefs and 
 your Warriors, wlio are here alllmbled, and agree- 
 ably to the itijirui lions I have received //sw the [^rcdt 
 Kingy your Father, that if you will heartily p,ive me 
 your aflirt ante, I will rcinjiatc you in the l^'U'rJfr^n 
 of yjitr lanJs.''^ 
 On the I 8th of Februar)', I75^>, Sir //V/Z/jm again 
 fpoke to ^hc Six N.tticns : and in the name of the King 
 of EnglnnJf allured them, *' That he ^the Kini;) 
 *• wchI^ pt ctct] your count ry^ and the Luuls -ivhuh your 
 •* fathers conquer cd^ and are of right your territories^ 
 ** againrt all violence. General Shirley takes the 
 ** lirlt opportunity of afTuring you of his in|ttuions, 
 ** fully to follow his Majefty's inilruckions herein." 
 ^ To this fpcech the .S/jc A'<///5//j anfwcrcd: ' ■ 
 
 ** Wc are extremely thankful for the particular in- 
 ftruclions the King has given to cultivate a ftri«St friend- 
 fluip between us, and to protet} our lands ^ and to, reco- 
 ver thofc encroached upon by our common enemy t^^ t -. 
 
 On the 24ih of February, 1756, the Sfx Nations 
 again fpoke to Snr JVilUam Johnfon., and faid: 
 
 " You have acquainted us that the great A'ingt our 
 ** brother, is firmly rcfolved to defend our countr}', 
 ** and re er fuch parts of it .as the French have cn- 
 ** croachcd upon; alfo to protect us to the utmofl: of 
 his power ^)vr^<^/;;^ forts for our fafety and Uefence.* 
 la Odlober 1758, a treaty was held with the Six 
 
 ■ . ^- '-;.*•«— • Nations, 
 
 (t 
 
 r"* 
 
 ft 
 
follow- 
 d prc- 
 injj the 
 hcrwife 
 
 7^;/ de- 
 li n r.lid. 
 
 i 
 
 icfs and 
 
 J agrcc- 
 
 im again 
 Lhe A7/;if 
 c Kin>4) 
 /;a A vowr 
 rJtorii'Sf ■ 
 kcs the 
 
 ;ular in- 
 friend- 
 
 to rccO' 
 
 \Ndtlons 
 
 \ingi our \ 
 \countr^i 
 lave cn- 
 imoft oF 
 |e fence. 
 Ithe Six 
 lationsy 
 
 [ 55 ] 
 
 )/ 
 
 «t 
 
 u 
 
 Nat ions y DehiiL'drest &c, at EaJljU In Pennfylvania, by 
 the Governois oH Pi' nu/'ylv a Ilia and /V<'u> Ji'fJ'y* ^'^^w- 
 tnijjionirs for Pi-nnfylvafiiay :ind the Kin (f*s dt/iuty fu' 
 ferintendant of Indian afairiy when Thomas King^ a 
 great Warrior and Chitf of the .S'/a Art/;cwj, obfcrved, 
 *' lircthrcn, 
 '• Tlie caiife, why the Indians on the ^;^/o left you, 
 *' was owing to yourfelves. When we heard of the 
 Funch coining thcie, we deHred the (Jovtrnors of 
 I irginid and Pennfylvania to fiii>ply us witlyimplc- 
 nicnts and nteclTaries for war, and we would defend 
 our landsy but thefe Governors difregarded our mcf- 
 fages. The French came to us, treated with our peo- 
 ple, ufcd them kindly, and gained their affe^ions. 
 Tin. GovKRNOR Oh Virginia settled on 
 
 ** OUR LANDS FOR H I S O W N DENEr I T, but It/^^/l 'U/f 
 
 •* wanted his afjifiancey he forfook^s" < 
 
 On the 20th of Auguft, 1760, Ccncr^X Afoncktm 
 held a treaty at Fort Pitt, on the eaftcrn fide of the 
 CbiOf with the Six Nations, Shawncfe and D« 'awares^ 
 and delivered a fpeech from S'r Jeffery Amherji^ then 
 Commander in Chief of his Britannic Y i^rty's forces 
 in Asrth America, and therein mentioned tnat his Ma- 
 jefty had not fent him iq deprive them of any ot liieir 
 lands and property; that he did not mean to take^any of 
 their lands, but as the necelTity of his Majefty's fervice 
 obliged him to lake pod, and build furts in fome parts 
 of their country, to prevent the enemy /row taking pof- 
 fejjion of their lands, he a^Tured them, that no part 
 wiiatever of their lands joining to the forts, fhould be 
 taken from them -, nor any of the Englifh p<y>ple he 
 permitted to fettle upon them; and the General alfo 
 promifed them that their lands fhould remain their abfolute 
 property, and he would even give them fome prefentt^ 
 as a con/ideration for the land^ ^'here fuch fons aod 
 "" . trading 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 i'i'li 
 
I'« ' 
 
 !!■ 
 
 [ jc> ] 
 
 trading houlcs flioviUI be built upon; and Coiiclcidcd by 
 iLcUuIim;, that if ilii y woukl lay out a Ipacc of ground 
 adjoining each fort, to raifc corn, in that cafe, he faid, 
 Jix yourfihcs the timifs tf your lindiy fo appropriated to 
 us, and yi>u fliali receive i'lith conrideration for the 
 faiuc, (li Jl\ill he iiiirccil hct-wccn you (indusj to youi 
 fiitisfa^iicn. 
 
 The latttr end of the year \'^(^l. the followini' imo- 
 tlamatio:! was ifliird at Fori Pittt on the Ohio. 
 . r R O C L A M A '1 I O N, 
 y^y Ht'firy Bouquet^ Kr(iuiiv, Colonel of Foot, and 
 
 coniniandin?» at tort Pitt and Depcudancies. 
 IT/' HE RE. -is by a trcity at E.ajhn^ in the year 
 1758, and after'^vards ratified by his Majcfty*s 
 Miniitcrs, the country /'/ the 'jccjl of the Jllc^any Moun- 
 tain y is allowed to the Indians for their hunting 
 ground. Anil a^ \t is of the higheft importance to 
 his Majefly's fervi».c, and the prifervation of the peace, 
 and a good undei ftanding with the Indians^ to avoid 
 giving them any juil caufe of complaint: This is there- 
 fore 10 forbid any of his MajeAy's fubjei^ls xo fttlc or 
 l>unt to the u.// of the .-//Iri^any Mountains, on any 
 pretence wliaievec, unLfs Iv'ch have obtained leave in 
 writing fiom the General, or the Governors of their 
 rcfpe^itive provinces, and produce the fame to the com- 
 manding officer at Fort Pitt. And all the ofHccrs and 
 
 non commilhoned oflicei s, eomnian ^ 
 pofts created in that part of the country, for the pro- 
 tection of the trade, are hereby t)rdered to feizc, or 
 caufe to be llized, any of his MajeA^y's fubjcfts, who 
 without the above authority, (liould pretend, after the 
 publication hereof, to fettle or hunt upon the faid 
 lands, and fend them, with their horfes and cflt^ls, to 
 Fort Pitt, there to be tried and puniihcd iccording to 
 the nature of their otfencc, by the fentence of a court 
 martial. Signed Henry Bouquet. 
 
 ditfs at the feveral k 
 
I' 5f J 
 
 I ' 
 
 cl tided hy 
 L)f ground 
 J, he i',\\i}, 
 >[)riiitcd to 
 )n for tlic 
 J, to you I 
 
 \vim» pro- 
 
 0. 
 
 > 
 
 Foot, and 
 
 iicics. 
 
 the year 
 5 Majcfty's 
 (tny Moun" 
 r hunting 
 ortancc to 
 the peace, 
 to avoid 
 is iherc- 
 fit tie or 
 , on any 
 d leave in 
 of their 
 the com- 
 Rcers and 
 ic fevcral 
 the pro- 
 feizc, or 
 (fts, who 
 after the 
 the f.iid 
 fteas, to 
 rding to 
 a court 
 iquet. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 On the loth of February, i 763, a ^eare was con^ 
 eluded between A>;^/a«f/ and /"rawf^/ aud on the 7ih 
 of Odober, a royal proclamation iflued, and inltrudli- 
 ons were fent to the Governor of Kir^inia, reilraining ' 
 him from granting any lands to the 'wejlward of the 
 Allegany Mountains . and thcfe in{lru<ftions and that 
 proclamation were conceived in the true fpirit and faith 
 of the afliirances, fo repeatedly given to the Six A'u- - 
 iions of Indians y regarding their lands, as may be feen ill ^^ 
 the foref'oing detail. 
 
 The following are the mod efTential parts of this 
 proclamation, :ii\d thefc inflru<^ions. 
 
 ** And whereas it is juft and reafonable, and ciTcn- 
 ** tial to our intereft, and fecurity of our colonies, 
 ** that the fevcral nations or tribes of Indians^ with 
 whom we are connedcd, and -who live under cur 
 proteilionf* Jhould not be molefledor dijlurhed in fuch 
 *' parts of our dominions and territories, as not hav- 
 ing been ceded to^ or pur chafe d by us, are referred to 
 thcui, or any of them, as their hunting grounds: 
 We do therefore, with the advice of our Privy 
 Council, declare it to be our royal will and pleafure^ 
 that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of 
 our colonies of ^ebec^ Eaft Florida or JVeJl Florida, 
 do prefume, upon any pretence whatever, to grant 
 warrants of furvey, or pafs any patents foi" lands be- 
 yond the bounds of their refpectivc governments, as 
 defcribed in their commiflions, as alfo That no Go- 
 vernor or con^mander in chief; of our oZ/at Colo^ 
 nies or plant«<t!ons in America do prefume for the 
 prefent and until our further will and pleafure be 
 known to grant warrants of furvey or pafs patents 
 land, beyond the heads, or fources of any of the rivers 
 'which fail into the atlantic ocean from the IVefi or 
 
 H *'from 
 
 * Bee the preceding treaty >t Alhani in X7J4, and General Bnuidock** 
 InftruttioDs, *c. 
 
 
 
 (( 
 (< 
 <( 
 
 it 
 (( 
 fi 
 (i 
 
 (( 
 i( 
 (( 
 (i 
 
 Ci 
 
 .< 
 {( 
 (( 
 
 i< 
 
'ft 
 
 i'\ ■ 'I 
 
 !)ii^ 
 
 ■il'! 
 
 I' 
 
 
 U 
 
 iii 
 
 'H 
 
 
 
 I i 
 
 Ll 
 
 Jl 
 
 f.' 
 
 Il 
 
 4 
 I 
 
 ^', 
 
 '■A 
 
 I 
 
 u > 
 
 I 
 
 HI. 
 
 ! 
 
 [ JS J 
 
 ** /rom /^^ i\orth IVt'/f, or upon any land whatfocvc r 
 ** -which not having hi'tti ciJuif or purchafed by us as 
 afcrefaiJy arc rcftrvcd to the faiJ Indians or any oj 
 them and we further declare it to be our royal will 
 and pleafurc for the prefcni a$ aforcfaid to refcrve 
 under our fovercignty^ protection and dominion ^ ioi 
 the ufe of the /did Indians ^ all the lands and territo* 
 ries not included within the limits of the faid three 
 new governments, or within the limits of the territo- 
 ries granted to the Hudlbn's Bay company, as alfo 
 all the lands and territories lying to tht Wejl-ward of 
 the four CCS of the river Sy "whuh fall into the fea from 
 the %veji and north ut/l as aforejaid; and we do 
 hereby ftridly forbid, upon pain of our difpleafure, 
 all our loving fubjtj^s from mA\ii\t\g purchafes or fet- 
 tUments whatJbcver, or taking poffeffion of any lands 
 ** above rcfcrved, without our Ipecial leave and licence 
 for that purpoff iirft obtained. And we do further 
 ftriftly enjoin and require all pcrfons whatever, who 
 have either wilfully or inadvertently featcd them- 
 ** fclvcs upon lands within the (ountries above dc- 
 ** fcribed, or upon any otlicr lands, ivhtch not having 
 ** been ceded to^ or put ch.i/cd by us^ are fiill referved to 
 ** the faid Indians as aforcfaid, to remove themfehcs 
 *' from fuch fciilemciits." 
 
 <^ Can there be a ftronger proof, that the King 
 of England did not conceive he had acquired any 
 juft or legal title to the lands weftward of the Allegany 
 Mountain, either by the Lancafler deedot the treaty ^ 
 of peaccy which he had fo recently made with the King 
 of France? 
 
 In 1764, the King being dcilrous of having 1 
 boundary line cftablilhed between the country of the 
 Indians and the provinces of New TorkfPfnnfyhania, 
 
 Maryland md yirginia. direfted Sir tyUliam Johnfont 
 
 Baronec* 
 
 ti 
 << 
 <( 
 
 4t 
 .1 
 fl 
 i( 
 <* 
 ({ 
 <( 
 
 <( 
 i( 
 (( 
 
 ^^' 
 
I 59 J 
 
 atfocvc r 
 by us as 
 r any oj 
 L^yal will 
 Q rrferve 
 liorjt for 
 territO' 
 aid three 
 c icrrito- 
 fy as alfo 
 /fward of 
 fea frcm 
 \ we do 
 "pitafurc, 
 fes or Jet- 
 my lands 
 id licence 
 J furthci 
 ver, who 
 thcm- 
 ovc dc- 
 havlng 
 ''erved to 
 mfeh cs 
 
 |c King 
 ;d any 
 
 Ulegany 
 treaty^ 
 LC King 
 
 Lving X 
 of the 
 
 {vaniAt 
 
 ihn/orti 
 
 ronec* 
 
 Baronet, his fupcrintcndant of Indian affairs, to found 
 the Six Nations upon the fubjcA, and know among 
 other matters whether thty would be willinp to frll all 
 the lands to the caltward of the river Ohio^ as far as 
 the Jl/fgany Mountain, and make that river the boun- 
 dary line to the ivefiivnrd. 
 
 On the 29th of April, 17^5» a conference was ''<^n*»*<*»»'j 
 opened at John/on Hall, and ciiJcd the 5th of May, i?©^- 
 with the Six Nations of Indians^ when Sir IVilliam 
 John/on addrclTed them as follows: 
 
 '* You know the treacherous and cruel part a<Jlcd by 
 fomc of your people at Loggs Toivn, and about the 
 Ohio, about two yeaw ago. You then plundered 
 numbers of the tradfrSf who were fupplying you 
 with goods, Sec, This has induced them to apply 
 to mc, and to defire I would lay before you their 
 " diftreflTcs, that you might give thtm a trafi of land 
 ** to compcnfaie, in fome meafurc, for their great 
 ** loffcs. I need not tell you how incumbent it is up- 
 " on you to agree to their dcfiie, as you muft be all 
 " fcnfiblc tht'y were ruined by fome of your people in 
 •* a time of pe:ice, and when they were fupplying your 
 ** neccflities. This conduvft is fufficicnt to make the 
 traders very Ihy of going towards your country, and 
 therefore I think it indifpcnfably your intereft to 
 grant thi* requert, which, though it will be but a 
 fmall reward, it will (hew the world, that you repent 
 of what is p.ift, and like honiji men arc defirous 
 of making fomc rcftitutiou for the damages you 
 '* have committed. 1 expert you will, without delay, 
 oive an anfwer, and I with it may be a favourable one, 
 as it will b« for your credit " 
 
 Sir William John/on next acquainted the Six Nations, * / 
 that the General (Sir Ji-ffi'f y Amhajl ) had rcprefentcd 
 
 tf 
 
 <i 
 
 (C 
 
 
!. . 
 
 I I 
 
 I t 
 
 ,' I 
 
 i : »^ 
 
 ' i: i 
 
 «t 
 
 i; B. 
 
 ti 
 
 J 
 
 t^' 
 
 [ 60 ] 
 
 to him ** the ncccfllty there is for the troops to have 
 ** gardens and rorn about the forts, and although it 
 •* is the t uftom of all other places, that all the ground 
 within cannon Ihot, Ihould belong to the fort, yet 
 he has fuch a regard for you, that he would not 
 make any ufe of it without you were firl^ made ac- 
 quaiiued, and approved ot it, &c. liui as the gar- 
 rifon oi Fort Pitt is larger than the reft, and a great 
 way from our reiileujcnis, I have no douht but yo* 
 -xvill i^ivi' ;//> a larger quantity of tjround for the ufe 
 of the foldicrs, and if you agree to this, I am per- 
 fuadcd they will loi)k upon you in a much more fa- 
 vorable lii;lu than formerly, fo that I cxpcck a fpecdy 
 and agreeable anfwer." 
 
 *' Brethren, 
 ** The latl but moft important affair I have ar this 
 time to mention, is with regard to fettling a houn' 
 dary between you and the EngHJh. 1 fent a meffagc 
 fomc time ago to fomc of your nations, to acquaint 
 you, that I ihould confer with you at this meeting 
 upon it. The Kingy whofe gcnerollty aiul forgive^ 
 ** nefs you have already experienced, being very deiir- 
 ous to put ^ final end to difputis between his people 
 and you, concerning lands^ and to do you ftri^ juf- 
 lice, has fallen upon the plan of a boundary between 
 our provinces and the Indians^ (which no white 
 '* man (hall dare to invade) asthcbeftand furcft mc- 
 •* thod of ending fuch like dif put es^ and fccuring^dur 
 ♦' property to you, beyond a poflibility of difturbance. 
 «' This will, I hope, appear to you fo re^fonable and 
 " fo juft, on the part of the King, and fo advantage- 
 •' ous to you and your poftcrily, that I can have no 
 <* doubt of your chearfuUy joining with mc, in fettling 
 '' fuch a divifion line, as will be beft for ?hc advan- 
 f' tage of both the white man and the Indian^, and as 
 
 - e -^ ^ <VfliaH 
 
 (( 
 
 C( 
 
 <( 
 • i 
 
 <( 
 
 i4 
 
 <c 
 it 
 
 « 
 i( 
 
 «( 
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 <( 
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 <c 
 
 ■'■-a:-- 
 
 m. 
 
 >*? 
 
 . ^ • -A^ 1 - 
 
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 [ 6i ] 
 
 «* fliall bed agree with the extent and increafc of each 
 •* province, and the Governors whom 1 (hall confult 
 ** upon that occalion, fofoon as I am fully empowered, 
 ** but in the mean time 1 am dcilrous to know in wJiat 
 «< manner you would choofc to extend it, and what 
 " you will agree heartily to, and abide by in general 
 
 *' terms: At the fame time 1 am to acqu»' .. you, 
 
 " that whenever the whole is fettled, and that it fliall 
 *• appear you have fo far confulled the incrcafmg ftatc 
 «* of our people, as to make any convenient ccjfion of 
 *< ground, where it is mofl wanting, that then you 
 ** will receive a coi^Hderable prefcnt in return for your 
 «« fricnd(hip." 
 
 On the 3d of May, the Six Nations by the Onondago 
 fpcaker, made the following anfwer: 
 ** Brother, 
 
 ** We have heard all you faid to us yefbcrday, and 
 *' and wc give you many thanks for your advice an'! 
 *' directions to us, which we iliall take due notice of. 
 
 As we are willing to (hew our good difpofition by 
 
 our anions, we fhall come into every thing you pro- 
 '^ pofe that is reafonable, and we ...ope it will render 
 *' us more regarded by the Engiijh. Thefc ^vt furious 
 *' articles, and we ihall confuU both Sachems and 
 ** Warriors about them, and by to-morrow be able to 
 *' anfwer you upon them; but with regard to what 
 " you fpoke about, the King's delire, i4ju: -jjc P.^ould 
 " agree about a line hetiveen us and the Eng/ijh, we 
 *' muft defire to know of you, how you intended the 
 " line fliould go, and how far.'* 
 
 On the 4th ot May^. the fame fpeaker again fpokc 
 as follows: 
 
 «* Brother, ^^ ' ' 
 
 ** The chief caufe )f all the late wars was about lands, 
 *' Wc faw the Englijh coioing towards us from all 
 
 (< 
 
»« i 
 
 l;: i. 
 
 m 
 
 ' ■, f 
 
 [ 61 ] 
 
 <( 
 
 (C 
 • € 
 
 4< 
 
 \\ 
 
 parts, and they have cheated us fo ^/^«, that we 
 could not think well of It. We were afraid that in 
 a little time you would be at our very caftlcs. For 
 thi« reafon wc thank the great King for his good in- 
 tcntiouf, and we hope he will make his people keep 
 within bounds, which they have noi yet donci wc 
 •* therefore agree, that a houndary Jhall ba made be- 
 ** iiueen us** 
 
 On the <»th of May, the fame fpeaker thus addrcfllJ 
 Sir IVUUam John/on* 
 " Brother 
 ** We are now aiTemblcd to anlWr what you laiil 
 •* yejicrdiiyi regarding the boundary lin^y &c. At 
 ** length we have agreed together for ouiTelvcs, our 
 " wives and children to make a cejjion to the King^ of 
 «* the lands, we (hall now dcfcribc, beginning at Owe- 
 •* gi on the Eaft branch of Sujquehiinna thence down 
 «* the Eaft fide ot the rivcr to Shamokhi {or Fort .Vn- 
 " gujia) and running up the Weft branch o{ Su/que- 
 ** hanna, oathe South fide thereof and from thence to 
 Kittaning or j^digo^ on the Ohio^ thence along and 
 down the Ohio to the Cherokee river, and up the fame 
 to its head: And then they promifed^ that, "Thf. 
 
 ** REQJJEST OF THE TKATiERsJbaii BE COMPLIED 
 
 WITH, AND WB SHALL IGREE TO GIVE THEM 
 
 SOME LANDS NEAR FORT T IT t and al/o to your de* 
 
 fire^ concerning fome lands about the forts for the uft 
 
 ** ofyourgarri/ons." - .,.'T^-* ;i.^.«»1^-: • .^v 
 
 Sir ^////iw an(wered. '^*.»'i V ^: ^ ' ^'* 
 
 ** As I only wanted to know your rentiments in ge- 
 
 ** neral about a beundary, I am content the line re- 
 
 ** mains for the pre/ent, as far as you recommended." 
 
 During thcfe conferences between his Britannic Ma- 
 
 jefty*s fuperintendant of Indian affairs, and the Six 
 
 United Nations of Indians^ the Delaware Tribff fcnt 
 
 deputies 
 
 cc 
 «c 
 tl 
 
 <c 
 
 (C 
 
 f 
 
 
^ften^ that wc 
 afraid that in 
 cafllcs. For 
 r his good in- 
 \\% people keep 
 yci dune* we 
 7 be made bc- 
 
 thus addrcflld 
 
 ■ 
 
 what you laid 
 
 /«/•, &c. At 
 
 DUiTclvcs, our 
 
 the Kingt of 
 
 lining at Ow/'- 
 
 I thence down 
 
 (or Fort -Vh- 
 
 ich oi Su/quc' 
 
 rom thence to 
 
 nee along and 
 
 d up the fame 
 
 that, ««Thf 
 
 COMPLIED 
 GIVE THEM 
 l/o to your de* 
 tsfor the uft 
 
 iments in ge- 
 
 Ithe line re- 
 
 immended." 
 
 ritannic Ma* 
 
 ind the Six 
 
 Tribft fcnt 
 
 deputies 
 
 
 it 
 
 [ 63 1 
 
 deputies to the fuperintcndant, for the purpofe of cfta- 
 blifhing ^peacet and the following it an extiai.% from 
 the articles th of. 
 
 Treaty vf feac9 with the Detaw4ft Nation^ enter- 
 ed into by their deputies, before Sir William John/on 
 Baronet his Majedy'i fole agent and Aiperintendant 
 of Indian affa ;$, in the Northern departmeut of 
 PJorth America, 6t". <^r. 6. 
 
 /Article the Jirjl. 
 " That in confideration of the Delawarei, fincere 
 piomirts of future good behaviour, of their having 
 ** delivered up to Colonel Boquet a large number of Eff 
 " gli/b, who were their prifoners, and of their chear- 
 fuliy according to the fubfequcnt articles, and faith- 
 fully obferving them forever hereafter, his Majefty 
 is gracioufly pleafed to pardon what hath pafTed, and 
 they (hall be once more received into the covenant 
 chain of friendihip with the Englijb, 
 
 jirticle the ninth, 
 ** That many of the traders, who were plundered, 
 and feverely treated by the Delawares, in 1763, 
 having reprefented the great diftrefles, to which they 
 arc thereby reduced, and prayed relief; the Dela- 
 uures are therefore to fail immediately c : a method^ 
 for making them feme reftitotion by z grant of laodsy 
 provided his Mijefty (hall approve thereof, «nd the 
 Six Nations, firft give their approbation. 
 
 ' . ^ Signed William Johnjvn, 
 
 " Killbuck or Benunco, 
 
 ^* , ^ Kockjhuchementt, 
 
 f^ ^ \Jtiendamovky, 
 
 Squajb Cutter," 
 Ac a confereoce tc J^ht/on If mil, on the 13 th of 
 July, 1765, with fhe Mnjra Indians, &c.- Sir /^/R«m 
 Jo^tt/m explained to the SAa^tuffe, DeUwares tnd 
 
 If 
 
 u 
 
 l( 
 
 If 
 
 l( 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
 If 
 
 If 
 
 (I 
 
 (I 
 
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 «Nlf 
 
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Il' 
 
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 ;f 
 
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 i;',, 
 
 / 
 
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 W' ' 
 
 b. 
 
 |: 
 
 ilii 
 
 19; 
 
 itf 
 
 
 
 liii 
 
 ■■' 
 
 t 64 1 
 
 Mlngcii the fcv1r.1l unities of the treaty fubfcribed by 
 hillbuik^ ^c. {\\\ |>ai;r6i)on behalf of the Ddaivarts, 
 ** wiih ii/i wlii.h thty were pic.ifeil, ami unanimoujly 
 *• ni;rLt«.l to fubfcribc the f;in»c.** 
 
 The t\)itt;aing applii.itiou iiudc by Sir H'illi.^m John, 
 fon ti) ihc Six Nati(^ns for a rttrihuiion in lands to the 
 fiifVcrlng traders ; their anfwtri and the above articles 
 of the ireatic;, of ptaic, on the part of the D,laxiaris, 
 Shiiivncje and Minr^o Inilians, &c. are recorded in the 
 oIliecoHhe Lords commilliomrs for trade and planta- 
 tions, and alfo in the King's council ofliec London. 
 
 In February, ly'^y, thty met with the entire appro- 
 bation of thr ih.n S.crei iry of Slate, the Earl of Shtl- 
 burnc^ and his LordOiip ligniiicd the fame to Sir li'iUiani 
 John/on^ Baronet. 
 — - , Here it mav not W' nfelefs to remark, that the 6'Ac- 
 rokce and Ci nk N.uions of InJuinsy being indebted to 
 the Engli/h Indian traders in greater fums than they 
 could pr.y '^ peltries, and being dcfirous to difchargc 
 their debts, they, at a treaty held iu ^ay, 1773, at 
 Augiijia^ in the province oi Georgia^ with Mr. Stuarf, 
 Superlntendant of Indian affairs for the fouthern de- 
 partmem, and Sir James IVri^ht^ Baronet^ then Go- 
 vernor of that province, fixed a boundary line by treaty 
 and fold to the King of England all the ten^tory com- 
 prehended within certain limits, defcribed in the deed 
 of ceflion ; and at the fame time ceded and granted to 
 the faid King a confiderable tra£l of country upon the 
 frontiers of Georgia, on purpofe that the fame ihould 
 be fold, anl the proceeds of fuch fale be appropriated 
 to the payment of their debts to thefe traders ; and 
 the Governor and Council of. Georgia were appointed 
 by his Britannic Majefty to fell the lands in queftion, to 
 fettle the refpe^ivc claims of the traders, and difcharge 
 the fame out of the produce of fuch falc, couforiliable 
 
 to the dcfiga of the Indian grantors, j 
 
 In 
 
 It 
 
 MMdi 
 
f 
 
 bfcribed hj 
 
 Dctawaiest 
 unauimoujly 
 
 Uiain 'Johii" 
 ands to the 
 Dvc articles 
 Dt IdwartSt 
 rded in the 
 jnd plania- 
 London. 
 tire appro- 
 arl of Shtl- 
 Sir ll'ilUam 
 
 lat the Chd' 
 indebted to 
 than they 
 difchargc 
 
 »773> at 
 r. Stuart^ 
 
 uthcru dc- 
 thcn Go- 
 e by treaty 
 tory com- 
 tbc deed 
 ranted to 
 upon the 
 c iliould 
 ropriatcd 
 ersi and 
 ppointed 
 ftion, to 
 ifchargc 
 tormsible 
 
 In 
 
 \ 
 
 L 65 ] 
 
 In 1766, the King's fubjcifls prefuming to Tetde the 
 lands over the /illcgatty Mountain^ while the Indians 
 were not paid for them, as they cxpe^ed they (hould 
 have been, in confcquencc of the propoffd boundary 
 iine, and Sir U'illiam John/on* t fpcech to them in April, 
 
 1765, they became unfriendly, killed many of the 
 
 Ring's rubj.e^b, and threatened a general war. To 
 prevent this public calamity, a detachment from the 
 King's 42d regiment, then at Fort Pitt^ was fent, by 
 order of General dage, to remove the fcttlers at Red 
 Stonf Crcekf Cheat River ^ Sec. but the exertions of this 
 detachment were inetfetStual, and the fettlers remained 
 tUcrc. 
 
 On the 7th of December 1 •j6j. General Gage wrote 
 the Governor of Pennfylvania^ " that the accounts I 
 *' have received from all quarters are full of intelligence 
 ** of the dilTatisfa<^ion of the Indians. Sir tVilHam 
 John/on is apprehenfive of an immediate rupture with 
 *hem. The infults they have received from the 
 ♦i .inticr people, chiefly thfc of yirg'nia and the ob- 
 Ainacy of the people, who pcrfift to fettle on their 
 " lands, not only withoUt their confent^ but in con- 
 ** tradidtion to their warmed remonftrances and the 
 ** endeavours that have been ufed to remove them, 
 ^* I perceive to be the mod immediate caufc of their 
 " difconient." - * 
 
 On the 5th of January 1768 the Governor of P^tn- 
 fylvania acquainted the general AHembly of that Pro^ 
 vince, with the contents of general Gage's letter and 
 faid, that as the fteps hitherto taken both by proclama- 
 tions ifliied in purfuance of the King's commands, and 
 threats of exerting a military force, had proved inef-« 
 fe^ual, he therefore tailed upon the Aflembly to re* 
 tnedy the evil, at far at wat in their potrer. The Af^ 
 fembly, in a mefikge to the Governor acquainted him^ 
 
 li 
 
 «( 
 
 <« 
 

 'ir ' !■ 
 
 
 ^'■■. B. 
 
 
 M 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.. 
 
 
 1! 
 
 \i. . 
 
 ';. >l! 
 
 ;i ■ ■. 
 
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 1? Hi 
 
 lfI4" 
 
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 66 
 
 1 
 
 '* Wc arc afiurcJ from good Informaiion, thr\t a ^fm 
 rdl hcundiiry^ between the nativis ami ihcfe colonies, 
 has been fome lime pall negociuteil \\\\.\\ tlicm by Sii 
 HU/Ihitu Joh/i/oiif ill obetlitnce to his Majefly's orders; 
 that the hundary agreeil on will be tar iliflant from 
 our Ironiier lettknicnis, and a lariu trael of countrv 
 ivithin it will thereby bi' ceded H) his Miijtjty for a va- 
 luable conruler.uion ; th.it as fome time has elapfed, 
 fince the agreement was niade with the /mfinKs^ and 
 in the n-ic.in time the people (mi the frontiers have been 
 encroaching on their Iand5, while the boundary re- 
 mains iinconfnmed, and the /mliuns unlatisfied for 
 their country, they ire become v. ry uneajy, and jea- 
 lous there is no defign to ratify and contirm it: To 
 obviate which caufe or their dilVontcnt, and effectually 
 ro crtablifh between them, and his Majcfty's fubjcfts, a 
 durable peace, we arc of opinion, that a fpcedy con- 
 firm'ition of the boiUkdary, an J i' Jujl fatis/aflion made 
 to them for th<rir laads. on this fide of it, arc abfc^ 
 lutcly neceflary." 
 
 On the ryth of January, 1768, the Speaker of the 
 Aflembly and the Committee of Ct)rrcfpondence of 
 Pennfylvania wrote, by order of the Houfc, to Richard 
 Jack/on and Benjamin Frankiifit Efqrs. Agcnts^ for the 
 province, a' the Court of Great Britain, ** That ilic 
 non cftablKhment of a boundary negociated about three 
 years ago, by his Majefty's orders to Sir JViiiiam Jrhri" 
 foriy between thefc colonies and the Indian country, is' 
 a caufe of Indian jealoufy and diflatisfa^ion j the de- 
 lay of the confirmation of the boundary, the natives 
 have warmly complained of, and although they have 
 received no confidcration for the lands agreed to bi 
 ceded to the croivn, on our fide of the boundary, yet 
 that its lubjedts re daily fettling and occupying thefc 
 
 rcry lands." "'^^ "^^ 
 
 On 
 
 :-i«&^- 
 
 ^; 
 
 i 
 
thr\t a gfm 
 cfc colonics, 
 thcin by Sii 
 cfly's orders; 
 ilifliint from 
 t of countrv 
 
 • 
 
 ;//)• for a va- 
 hus cl.ipfcd, 
 ffufinnSf and 
 ;rs have been 
 oundiry rt- 
 il.itisfied for 
 ly, and jca- 
 iHrm it: To 
 id effectually 
 r's fubjefts, a 
 
 fpccdy con- 
 fatlion made 
 
 t, are abfo'^ 
 
 leaker of the 
 ondcnce of 
 to Richard 
 nit for the 
 ♦ That the 
 about three 
 Hiam Jrhrt" 
 ountryy is* 
 i the de- 
 he natives 
 they have 
 reed to be 
 dary, yet 
 ying \h.c(G 
 
 On 
 
 <( 
 
 <t 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 (< 
 
 u 
 
 (t 
 n 
 a 
 
 [ 67 ] 
 
 On the 6il\ of May, 1768, the Six Nations made a 
 fpccch at Fort Pitt^ to the King's Deputy Superiutea- 
 danf, of //;</m// Jiffiiii's, and faid: 
 Brothor, 
 It is not without grief, that We fee our country fct- 
 tU'd by you, without our knowledge or confent, and 
 it is ?. long time fince we firft complained to you of this 
 grievance. They fubjoined, *• The fetilers iiraft be 
 *• removed from our lands, as, v.h^ /ook upon it, they 
 ** will have time enough to jcttU thenty when you have 
 *' purihafed themt nnd the country iu\otnes yours" < 
 On the 31ft of May, 1768, the General Aflcmbly 
 of Virginia being met, the Prefident of his Majefty's 
 Council CJ^hn Ulairy Efq;j oj encd the feflions with 
 the following y/r^". 7;; 
 
 ** Gentlemen of the Council, Mr. Speaker, and 
 
 ** Gentlemen of the Houfc of Burgefles, 
 ** Our laic worthy Governor having defigned to 
 meet you here at this time, itie reafons of that his 
 intention having been rcconlldercd by mc in coun- 
 cil, atul the obje(Sks for your confideration he had to 
 lay before 'you, having been judijed to be of fuch 
 importance to the honour and fervice of his Majcfty; 
 to rhe fecurity, cafe and happiuefs of the people, that 
 *' I was advifed (as the adminiOration devolved on 
 me) to renew the proclamation for your meeting. 
 " By letters from his Excellency General Gage^ 
 Commander in Chief of his Majcfly*s forces, and 
 from Sir William John/on ^ Superintendant of /nc/m/i 
 affairs, (which I fliall caufc to be laid before you) 
 it will appear, that a fet of meo regardlefs of the 
 laws of natural juilice, unmindful of the duties they 
 owe to fociety, and in contempt of royal proclama- 
 tions, have dared to fettle them/elves upon the lands 
 near Red-'Stone Creek and Cheat River^ which are 
 
 ' THE 
 
 
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 ■k. 
 
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N: 
 
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 [ 68 ] 
 
 cc 
 
 44 
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 if 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 (!. 
 
 ii 
 
 // 
 
 .» 
 
 :f 
 
 ** T MR PnorF-RTT OF T H T. INDIANS; und IlOtwith- 
 
 ** Aaniiiog the repeated warninj;i of the danger of (ui li 
 l.iwl -fs pr-^CJedings, and the Itridt ami Ipiritid in- 
 i'Uici.ur.^ ' ' theni to delilt, and ijnlt ihcir unjuft pof- 
 ' ': ' ilu'v nil! remain unmoved, and lltni to 
 Ucv 'III iid.rs and even powers of i^overnnient." 
 As iv)t»n as Richard Jinkfon and Benjamin Frankltn, 
 FJqrs. received tlu- foregoing in(\ru«^buns from the 
 Gjneral Allembly of P, nnf^liKinuty (p. 66) the/ waited 
 on ilie //M'/(/^'Sierctary(>f State, and ihcwed iheneccflity 
 z>\ immetliite orders heing fmt to the Snperintcndant of 
 J/iJijn alFairs for finilliing the boundary line, which 
 had been hei;un in the year 1764. 
 >*5tanwi^./^ In the fpring of the year 176B, Sir JVilliam Johnfcn 
 {']i9. received the King's commands and inftru<flions to com- 
 
 plete the purchafc of the lands from t!ie Jlkgany 
 Mountain to the River Ohio ; &e. and accordingly he gave 
 the earlieft notice thereof to the governments of Virgi- 
 nia^ Pennfylvania^ Nc'v Jcrfcy^ &c. and to the Six 
 Nations and the Delaivan'Sy and other Indians rcfiding 
 upou the river Ohio^ and appointed a Congrefs to be 
 held with them in the autumn, (for the purpofe of 
 canning the King^s orders into execution) at Fort Stan- 
 nviXi in the province of Ni'w York. 
 
 In December, 1768, ylrthur LeCf Efq; late Com- 
 xniflioner to the Court of France^ fom the United 
 States of North y^meriea, prcfented a petition to fhc 
 King o( Engiand'in Council, praying, in the following 
 words, on behalf of himfelf and fony-.iinc other gentle- 
 men : " That your Msyefty would grant to his pctition- 
 ** ers, to be fifty in number, by the name of the Mijfifip- 
 *' pi Company, two millions and five hundred thoufand 
 ** acres of Und, in one or more furveys to be located 
 f* or laid off between the thirty-eighth 2indi forty-fecond 
 f degrea of north latitude^ the ^"lUegany Mountain to 
 
 " the 
 
 4-y 
 
 •^'f,. '-^jm:^ 
 
 :-«^4 
 
 -■/ ' j^ fe„^ 
 
 
ind notwith- 
 in^;«.r of (ut h 
 il fpirited iii- 
 ir uiijuft pof- 
 and Utm to 
 vcrnnitnt." 
 nin Franklin, 
 IS from I lie 
 tilt/ waited 
 the ncccflu) 
 intcndant of 
 line, which 
 
 Ham John fen 
 
 ions to com- 
 
 l!ic JlU'gnnx 
 
 iiigly he gave 
 
 tits of I'trgi- 
 
 to the Six 
 
 ms rcfidinn 
 
 ^refs to be 
 
 pur pole of 
 
 Fort Star.- 
 
 [ 69 ] 
 
 the eajlivariif and thence weflward to the dividing Um 
 (the running of which your Majefiy has been lately 
 <♦ pleaieil to order) and that your petitioners Ihall 
 iiave liberty of holding thefc huuls tv;clve years, or 
 any <;reaicr mimber that your M.ijclly iliail approve 
 (after furvcy ol them be made and returned) clear 
 ** of all impolition money, ijuit rents or ta:;cs; and 
 that your petitioners Ihall be obliged to feat the iaid 
 Innds within twelve years, with two hundred fauil- 
 lies at Icai^, if not interrupted by the Savages, or 
 iome foreign enemy, ami return the furvey thereof 
 to fuch office as your AlaJe/Iy/hnll be plea/ed to dirctJ, 
 otherwife to forfeit the grant. 
 
 ** Your petitioners humbly hope, that your Ma- 
 jefty may be gracioufly pleai'ed to grant thefe favor- 
 able terms in confideration of the heavy charges, 
 great expencc, dangers, hardihips and riiljues they 
 ** muft ncceirarily incur in the exploring, lurveying 
 •* and fettling ims nisi ant Countrvj and be- 
 " caufe it appears from realon and experience, that 
 " large iradts of land taken up by companies, may be 
 '* retailed by them to individuals much cheaper //;,;;; 
 '* the latter ean obtain them from the eroivny cmbar- 
 '* ralfed as fuch individuals muft be with the charges 
 arifmg from the Iblicitation of patents, n\aking fur- 
 veys, and other contingent expenccs, together with 
 the dirticalty the poorer fori are under from their 
 ignorance of the proper methods to be purfnedy as 
 well as their inability to advance ready money for 
 fuch purpofesi wlurcas from companivs, they have 
 only to receive their conveyances ^without any pre- 
 vious expence, and are indulged with credit till their 
 induftry enables them to make payments; a method 
 fo encouraging, that it cannot fail of anfwering the 
 intention of fpecdily populating this your Majeft^s 
 > " '* territory 
 
 
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 territDry^ /> .tj /3 At- profitable to the Cfiwiu and 
 ulrful to the fiiite. Ai)d though aittnipts to Icitle m 
 thisv.y, have lonictinics tailed in tht h.iIul^ ol ^1 
 tlc) .• r. ;>ulli.lH:d ot.irtlui.nt fortunes, in coal. <\\ 
 ot an ii.dolcncc and i;iaticniii)n tVcoucni!\ .it .. ,! 
 pciiona ia fiich circiitnlLiMCCS, tfpcci.iliv u|.t . : .; 
 excited by the prol'-jicct of iiamcJi ite .i:iJ roi.n 
 bic j)rotit; yet the greater part 01 tht preict au . .- 
 turcrs being ot" got^d tuni i. , .isui e.):il! .ci ihle in- 
 
 >»< !■ 
 
 in 
 
 tl 
 
 ucn».e in the co mti n ^ w he 
 
 tlu'V Ii\e 
 
 ihcnu!h 
 
 polUikd oi hut niudi I lie I :M'i. , luiiuined, Ironi 
 
 the goodnefs ot tlu toil a;u! i Innate '/ .'A. I'jU'itrv, 
 /v ,;'.■-/ t>ie Af^u'itiU'is^ to b.lieve, that by a proper 
 appUcation ot their money and induttrv, they itial! 
 acquire a ture and happy provifion tor their chil- 
 dren; which pleallng prolpcet, animated with a view 
 of pubhc utility, will toiiduct all their allairs with 
 that fpirited allidiiity, which, only in matters ot 
 danger and ditfieiilty, can inlnre furcels. In pur- 
 fuance ot thi;» I'evcral oi the meinbers are deter- 
 mined to be themtelves among the firtl lettlcrs; /A 
 <ii\jrnr/s and preoccupiVics of the lands, within 
 THLiK Rt=;pFciivi. CoioNiLs, rendering it im- 
 practicable to make a proper landed provilion for 
 ihcir numerous families ; a circumliancc which be- 
 gins already to reftrain early marriages, and there- 
 fore fpecdy population. In confideration of the 
 reafons'Tieie offered, your petitioners moil humbly 
 pray your Maje{}:y will be gracioufly pleafed to grant 
 their humble requeft aud as iu duty bound your pe- 
 titioners will evpr pray. 
 
 The Hon. Prefley Thornton. Stephen Sayrc. 
 The Hon. BcneditSt Calvert. Richard Henry Lee. 
 Thomas Ludwcll Lee. 
 
 Thomas Gumming. 
 
 Col, George Walhington. 
 Colonel Adam Steven. 
 
 "rancis 
 
[ 71 ] 
 
 s to IcttU' in 
 iiid> ol ^ 
 
 UMl. i|l>> il< ; 
 
 ) •'" ■• \'- 
 
 i roi.ii 
 
 \ i , iliuuih 
 i.cd, liom 
 '/♦. ( ountr\-f 
 )y a pri)ptr 
 , ilu-y lliall 
 iluM* chil- 
 witli .1 view 
 III. 1 1 IS wiih 
 matters ot 
 111 pur- 
 rc dftcr- 
 tlcrs; //'. 
 "WITHIN 
 
 ing it im- 
 
 ovifioii for 
 
 which be- 
 
 aiul ihtiL- 
 
 n . of the 
 
 I humbly 
 
 d to grant 
 
 your pe- 
 
 Lce. 
 
 alhington. 
 Steven. 
 Francis 
 
 Thomas Simpfon. 
 WilHam Flood. 
 William Boi ckcnborough. 
 Rev. Hen. Addifon, A.M. 
 Robert Woodrop. 
 
 Francis Lightfoot Lee. 
 
 Ca[)t .tin William Fitzhugh. 
 
 Fratuis Thornton. 
 
 Anthony Stuart. 
 
 William Lee. 
 
 AnhurLee,M D.FR.S. John Baylor. 
 
 |. Auguflinc Walliington. Bernard Moore. 
 
 Hetny Kitzhiigh. 
 
 Satnucl Watliini^ton. 
 
 W. Fitzlnigh oi Marmion. 
 
 William Brcrt. 
 
 W. Fit /Hugh of Somerlet. 
 
 Richard Parker. 
 
 William Booth. 
 
 l)ece:nber, 1768. 
 
 Ralph Wormcley. 
 Warnci Lewis, jun. 
 Mann Page. 
 John Alexander. 
 Cutlibert Bullitt. 
 Henry Royer. 
 John Turbervillc. 
 Arthur Lco% Agent. 
 
 On tlie b; k of this petition is cndorfed thefc words 
 and figures: i 6th December, ; 768. 
 
 Read and referred to a Committee. 
 
 0th March, i "6y. 
 
 Kt.id at the Comn.ittcc, uuti referred to the 
 
 Board of 1 radc. 
 
 W^e ftiall make but one Ihoi t obfervatioii upon this 
 
 petition. It fpeaks for itfelf, and Ihcvs s, that the re- 
 
 Ipcifhiblc petitioners (moftly Virginians ) were not of 
 
 the number of thofe gentlemen in Virginia^ who now, 
 
 without the leaft reafon or juftice, affcrt,— that the 
 
 " dijiant ountry, " over the Jllegany Mountain, is 
 
 within that government. • 
 
 On the 24th of O^obcr, i j 60 f the Congrr/s at Fort 
 Stan-wix was opened. Prefei^to 
 
 The Honorable Sir William John/on^ Baronet, his 
 
 Majefty's Superintendant of Indian affairs. 
 His Excellency HVliam frauklin, Efqj Governor of 
 New Jcrfer. ^ i !> / 
 
 ,-1 w ..:'\-4'^" '<'':, Thomas 
 
 •* 
 
 ♦■ \ 
 

 J 
 
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 i' 
 
 
 1, 
 
 » 
 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 
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 11 
 
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 t 72 J 
 
 Thomas H'alkcry Efq; Commiflioner for the colony 
 ot Virginia. 
 
 Hon. Frederick Smifh, Chief Jurticc of AVir Jcrfcy. 
 
 Richard Piter iy ^Llqrs. of the Council ot Pennjjl- 
 
 Jamrs Til^hnian^y vania. 
 
 Geoigc Croi;han,^Eftirs. Deputy Agents of Indian 
 
 Daniel Claus, 3 affairs. 
 
 Guy Johnfon, Eftji Deputy Agent, and aif^ingas Secreta- 
 ry, withfiindry Gcnilcmeii from the different colonics. 
 
 Jo hn Biitlcr, VA'c[\ "J 
 
 Mr. Amlrcu Montour, S Interpreters for the Crown. 
 
 rhiiip Philips, J 
 
 Indian Chiefs prfcnt. 
 Onahdap'jcs* 
 The Bunt. 
 Ti'wirntt. 
 Di.ivii'anda. 
 i awalhughts, 
 &c. &c. &£• 
 
 Mcha'ojhs, 
 Abraham, 
 Kanadagaya. 
 Kendrick. 
 Aroghiaccka 
 Kayen.;ueregoa. 
 Tobarihoga. 
 Anohario, &c. 
 
 Sen re as. 
 Cauftrax. 
 Odcngoi, &c- 
 
 Oneidas. 
 Canaghquiefoa. 
 Nicholafera. 
 Scniighlis. 
 Gajuheta. 
 Tagawaron, &ct. 
 
 CajugaSt 
 Tagaaia. 
 Shanaradv. 
 Atrawawna, &c« 
 
 Shawnefe* 
 Beneviilica< 
 
 Tufiaroras. 
 Saquareefcra. 
 Kanigot. 
 Tyagawehc, &c. 
 
 
 'if 
 
 Dela 'wares. 
 killbuck. 
 Turileheart. 
 
 The whole AfTembly bcihg feated, Mr. Walker rofe, 
 and delivered to Sir IVilliam Johnfon his authority to fit 
 and a£t as Commiffioner for Virginia,^,^ ^ 
 
 '•>„ ■-«*- 
 
I 
 
 the colony 
 
 Vriv Jfr/ry. 
 oi PennJ)l- 
 
 i of Indian 
 
 gas Sccrcta- 
 entcolonicb. 
 
 he Crown. 
 
 Scnrcns. 
 ilrax. 
 igoi, &c. 
 
 Iiiiroras. 
 jircefcra. 
 [ot. 
 
 '^ 
 
 ^'warfs. 
 
 leaft. 
 
 \lker rofc, 
 rity to £t 
 
 I 73 ] 
 
 <( 
 
 John 
 
 |<« loFlN 
 
 Bl AI 
 
 ,o, 
 
 V 
 
 KtSIDFNT OF HIS 
 
 M 
 
 Ajrs- 
 
 I Y 's Cc< V N C I I. , A N D Co M M A S iJ t U IN C H I t F 
 I.' \ T H I. C ol ON y AN n I'OM I N ION OP V'l h C. I N 1 A, 
 
 II B 
 
 'i'o Thomas Wm ki r, K>>(^. 
 
 .t" tl 
 
 Ml nil- ol tiic j)u\vii- anil aiitlionty to me 
 
 (> 
 
 tnmiitiJ, .lb I'uliJcnt of his Majcfty's C( 
 
 )UI1- 
 
 I" til, .iiid Cotriiii.iiuli 1 111 C'lrut in and over this colo- 
 ny .mil doiniiiKM) OI / //^';/'.-.;, 1 tlo hcTiby appoint 
 you the laid Th'jW.is li\ilkcf ,, to rr Comni//ic.niT cf 
 I o SI III !•: .1 r'ii'\.\ir\ lint between this 
 
 (t 
 
 t( 
 
 (I 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 (( 
 
 l( 
 
 t( 
 
 ,rtniii. 
 
 colonv 
 
 nil. tin.- I'oliJtntS () 
 
 .t"f 
 
 <•// 
 
 f^n/vh 
 
 (2nta du 
 
 d M. 
 
 irv' 
 
 ,'r;./, .mJ tht' /iri / ^ii njti'ns of hi J i jus lOin/rnrJ. 
 Vuu .lie rn|iiir( d U) attend .it ;i C'^ngnjs to be held 
 for that piirpore, w-.J^r thr dirrFl'rjn of Sir H'llliam 
 ]-'-:/LHf .ii;reeal'le tc !iiii Majclty's inftiuctions, irhsn 
 , ., .:n /'/ /,;v .? .'?a' rryiirJ to tht mtcrcji cf his Md^ 
 j' jhy .md luch iiuti uclioiib as you fliaii receive fiom 
 inc. 
 
 ^ 
 
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 a 
 
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 it 
 
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 tt'M.ill 
 
 I (. 
 
 o\ 
 
 i 74 J 
 
 «.l'^ !ik.L\vilc w.lcunu- you lurt. J. if, 
 
 COI'il*.!*. I .1. 
 
 iioi r 
 
 :\.)\i 
 
 ■I i .iiiu lilt ll. r 
 
 U W.l 
 
 U.i.tlu I 
 
 n nuiiiii 
 
 i>L"tl;i'>c. ti> i\tii.!i ivi.iu, li..i\n>' ill. Il :'M!tAMUi; 
 lOMin :iro!.i t.s Oil 1\ h.ilt" o\ i 
 
 (■ j: 
 
 V 
 
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 1 \ .11 ki.li ;ii 1 v, >\ li.> I. '\ 
 
 TOO i \\ v.»l .is lO 
 
 \OU, !ili !l .1> .l!\ f.M ih» 
 
 MCMll 
 
 f 
 
 VtH' I' \\ hon. mr.r. 
 
 r.u V 
 
 to 
 
 >r \ oi'v 1 h ; 
 
 \\ ll Vi t Ulll^vMTI. 
 
 ' 1 
 
 Oil .t.i 1\ in.. lU.V 1 
 
 l.lt t'lu 
 
 I 
 
 ,r> .ll'.O I lU' iiUa 
 • I I 
 
 hi Lw .1 .1 liis j\ t>| 
 
 .i;.>! v'lur ; .lul i!. t \, , th. n ii^i c . ; 
 tO;;tilu;, !i M. ! Miu I'. Ill o! tint i.,u lliMuiJ u;ii, N^^htl.- 
 t ^ i I' I Ik I iiiii c.ii'K W) i>v' 1. :i!i A. 
 
 ^ ou .i!l, I .'.;!! hoj'i hil, iiii'luvt llii it'ilfor.s I tlicr^ 
 ^.i\i yon tor ir.akin:'. i..,h .; r /<-../../ v; lUNcrthfli-fs, I 
 fh.iii .i^.'.iiii i\,ii.',! tl.v -i: \ I'll kiiow, biiiUua, i!i.i; 
 tilt ^ 111 ri'.u liUK uis .'■;.'.' r-.'.r .'.;/;. /.f li.;\c bci a ;il\v.U' 
 uiw oi \ o'.iv piiiu IjmI !uit',i.*cts ot I oni,)i.iiiit ; .u.il 'h t. 
 lo t.u .'is iiioulil i>v doiii', w:;ili .ivoi.rs have not l>vi ii 
 vaniiiiii li)r vo'M- o'.M.iiaia^^ iciIilIs. i'ut il w.is a ilit- 
 ruiilit.ilk, aiul gi'iK r.illy Ui.l'iu clIVUiI i tnr, .ihlimiL:!i 
 llu' pro\liu\s hi\L' boaiKls bitwtxa caiii other, fAtVt 
 lire- ):o certain h'y.fuls bit\vcr)i tlhtu .nut you : an'. 
 tlKieby, aot on\ iV\cial of our people, igr.oraiu i:i 
 Indian atFairs, have advanced loo i:\Y it:!', ycur country^ 
 but alio many of your own people, through the want 
 of i\u ll a line, have bfcn dt\'tivcd in the fulcs they h.iiu 
 madt., or in the limits tliey have fei to our rdpcvftivc 
 claims. 'liiij,, hretlucn, is \ lad cafe, which has frc- 
 qutntly given us much trouble, and turned many ei 
 ytnir heads; but it is likely to continue fo, until foirc 
 bouiuls are agreed to, (\\c<\ upon, and made public he 
 twtcn us. The great, the good King of England^ \w) 
 luaftcr, whofe friendlhip and tender regard for your 
 interelh I wUh yoTr may ever hold in remembrance, 
 
 ha^, 
 
 liv 
 
 l.llll 
 
 h.iiK 
 
 i!ie ' 
 ninu 
 
 T 
 
 tile Y 
 any 
 then 
 thinl 
 able 
 T 
 pcati 
 a 111 
 
 w 
 
. rt. liif^i- 
 .»! ^. .liii vl .f 
 
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 \t. rtlitlifs, I 
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 .Ual th f. 
 \ . not !\ 1. 1> 
 w.is a ilir- 
 
 I 75 1 
 
 Tl 
 
 li.i>;, .inioni't otlicr iMtt.iiK.i) of h!^ g.^o-liu !'>;, .iftei* 
 
 Ion;' i!i-!,l)v.r ition (mi foiuc nu.iiis fui v«)iii i\litt, </»;>/ 
 
 / : ' ..".ii-'if.i/i'- /..t'lfc i^'^.'^iitis ( '.n, ( r>:n:r linJi% at 
 
 ;. IV'tll J'-.l »lv(.il Upon llXMlg I .]. >'i >■}.' !'.' luli'.l, /,'. t bw- 
 
 bv 1) l)i> hil>|vct> ukI vou, .liiJ ill tt <n iiuh a ui.inncr 
 
 'liill h, iKn't .I'.McuMi. lo yo',1 •, in lonl.ipuiKC ot* 
 
 « . h, 1 hive iii\ivi\i l»i.s I ov i! inin:v. iiuK lo call you 
 
 I ilu: Ittr ilu' crtab'.illinKiit ili it-ol", .\\\\\ ajtvi iC/i- 
 
 . ', .• - i. '• /'•<• i";u-nnn, nf) it.! tt/.'.\i /•./•«;<;:';, yJ^i 
 
 ■ * * " * - 
 
 '..:;• /.<• iu/^rt \cu t '\ (''r:u rnor >" th: Jitjrxs^ the ccm- 
 
 \ u 
 
 I :•■:>'.•;//.',;( r.f // .-, •'; 
 
 '■ /// '^>!\l 
 
 f 
 
 <Ut' .}> 
 
 t!uT, 
 
 /Atvt 
 
 you: and 
 gnorani i:i 
 i/r country^ 
 li the want 
 
 rcl"pe*5tivc 
 ch" has fle- 
 et many i : 
 until rone 
 public bC' 
 
 for voui 
 
 
 leni 
 
 bra 
 
 ncf,| 
 hu.:f, 
 
 t'.i '<! luh~:!J '/ t'\:/ /i ;,,li:-^ 
 y :••/».?>:. »..'., .>t ih.n i\ I- I'utions ro pay (.'.i.t rci; u\l to 
 \\\\.a I'll ill !ti. now (..iUi\il into : thi. pr.Unv c ot lo ma- 
 iiv .;u It ni(.n -.;•/// i,/> < .; l.incli'H /: //w' tr.rijti.'fi'.Hf anJ 
 (..nil*. iIk lainv; to b. known as f.u- .45 the A';j;//7/Miainc 
 iMuivis. Mis Maj^lty has «.lirc6c\l rne to give you 1 
 lianilionK pioofot" liis gencrofitv, fr:/ ^rf.OL'J to thr tia- 
 :i,K- jii ! t \fcn: i/" 'vh.tt LniJ, Jl\ill f\i!l /; /•/•?/, Upon 
 the whoh, I Iu)pc th It your ih liberations will be una- 
 nimous, and your rcfoluiions futh, as his majcih' n^ay 
 conlidcras proofs of your gratitude for all his fa\ours. 
 
 .V Jiui' )U"iu fjclt. 
 Brethren, 
 
 The importance of thcs affair now before us, requires 
 ilk Hiol^ fcrious attention, I will not burthen you with 
 any other fubieifl until this is generally fettled; and 
 tlurcfore wc Ih.iil adii)urn, that vou niav ha\e lime to 
 thinlc of it, and come fully prepared to give an agree- 
 able anfwer. 
 
 Then ,V/>n?/'i2m, a Chief of the Mohaivksy after re- 
 peating what Sir H'lUiam Johujhn had faid, addreflcJ 
 li.in thus, 
 
 Brother, 
 
 We give you thanks for what you have faid to us at 
 
 . 1 
 
 tl 
 
 us 
 
■ I •: 
 
 1^ • -I 
 
 • II' 
 
 ^ 
 
 \'' 
 
 [ -f ] 
 
 this time-, It IS a wrijjjuy ntV.iir, anJ wc fli.dl, ai»rc\- 
 nM. \o your liehi'i , t.ikc it into «>m moll icrious ton- 
 fiJtr.niofi. \Vf .irv gUtl tf\it h tn.i',\ i;n,ii turn ,u\- .;/- 
 fi-ml>!:J tr tuAf 'difmji cf the travfiictiOK , ami wc air 
 DOW vi InUfd (o I Ltirt rul i onlwlt on a pin|Hr anlWci to 
 bv 'iNin lo all vou Invt laij; .i-nl I'o hion a^ u\ have 
 
 ai^r (J ii,>>)ii ii, we fliall 
 a^.iin allVmhL and n'lal:* 
 ill nuu h ohlklid t<' \ ;., 
 
 ;ivv \ )u t.oiit »., iJMt \v«. m.iy 
 known to vou ; and wi ,\\\ 
 
 ili.u \o 
 
 u 1 
 
 to ti 
 
 i's 
 
 It. >l ikl..ir 
 
 a.'ont at t!ii> mnt 
 
 I, 
 
 \\\\x 
 
 Ud 
 
 that 
 
 n< lo 
 
 UIH 
 
 II,. .ids n.i^ht not b. hn, ijj 
 
 d 
 
 d liuni it Iv. 
 
 ni. n(.a oi i! \ Li ltd 
 aitciidinp to .mv tliin.- tdV. 
 
 A dcpuiat «)n tjuni llu i/v A./Z.-'.-rt waited upon S'l 
 Jl'illuiyn y:h'!pn .indinronncd him, lijat a^ '•.'r/'aiul -i<t/ ri- 
 crot\\\(\\ A.;//;'/ w uild attend liim Am\ ilclivir their^"/;.;/ 
 rcfol\(.s which (liould he inav' /<.*','•<•, to nioirow. A 
 ^nap being laid before liicm, i cyobftivnl thai wjj.u 
 they had to fay, w^rc the //;;<;/ iilol\^b ot all the A ;- 
 t:c).Sy aiul added that they would, ai»reeablc to thtir 
 juft riglu, begin the ////«• at the Chcroki. nvcr^ Cs:c. 
 {I'iJi. The hunJjritS in thtir grant to the King) this 
 tliev did, they delivered as their linal determinations, 
 fuhj.'il to Jcvcral coiuiiticns for the feturity of their 
 jiotlVllions; anJ cngiiQemrnts entered into. 
 
 AT a general Congr'efs hchi at Fort Stanivix with 
 the Six jWitionr and other InJianSf on TuejJiy 
 November the I ft, i-68. 
 
 nil^SLN T, as at the former Meeting. 
 The Indian^ being all feated, they deilred to know, 
 whether Sir JFilliam wa*. prepared to hear them ; anJ 
 on being anfwercd in the allirmative, ihc fp^eakcr ftood 
 11 n, and Ipokc as follows : 
 Brother, 
 We arc hopeful that you will not take it amifs that 
 
 ytc have delayed till now our public aufwcr oii the iub- 
 
 iect 
 
 ajK" 
 
[ 77 ] 
 
 null, agrcc- 
 
 Iciious coii- 
 
 / fut'n arc .;/'- 
 
 ami wi- air 
 
 per .iiilwti to 
 
 1 .IS \Vv ll.lVf 
 
 ili.U \vv m.iy 
 i and >M ,\\\ 
 incttil us 1(1 
 iiu, ih.u oiii 
 .1 lioni it I), 
 
 ;f{. 
 
 ircii upon 8m 
 
 i;/ am! -id/ 1 i- 
 
 k'cr \\\c\Yjituil 
 
 iioiriuv. A 
 
 il dial what 
 
 J" all the A;- 
 
 Wc to thtir 
 
 nvcr. Sic. 
 
 : King) this 
 
 rmin.itious, 
 
 ity of ihtii 
 
 Univix with 
 »n TucjJty 
 
 ling. 
 
 |j u) know, 
 them ; anJ 
 {iikcr flood I 
 
 amifs that 
 \i\ the i'ub- 
 jtct 
 
 Icvi VAu recommended to us; this was .* incar and 
 Weighty matter, rcijuirinj; long iklibri at:«»n, and ihould 
 not be undLitakcii li<',htly, wc have ac(i>rding!y con- 
 li.K TCtl it, and arc now come to give yo owv fnul ro- 
 j.jliitions tliercoii, to \vjji( !i \vc be ' vour aitcntioa. 
 lirother, 
 We reiiKiiiber, tl» at on our frjf meeting with you, 
 \shcn you tame 'juith your Jbij^ we kindly rtceivtd you, 
 tMtertainid you, and entered into an a'lianic with you, 
 t>'<jitrj' 'a* wcrt' thin ^rcat and nunwrou', and your 
 people inicnJiJiTuHc' aiul ivt'iik ,- and we know tJiat we 
 t!!icred ii.lo a iorcnant ihain of bark with yon, and 
 lAJlcnfd \ Air fiAp thirc'with ; but being .ippi'-'henfive tlic 
 hark would break, and your Ihip be loft, wc mjfde ffvr 
 ff lr:\ and iield it fall, that it thouKl not flip from us; 
 but pcneiving the former chain was liable to ru/f^ wc 
 made i ll'.ver chain to guard a^ainlt it. T/.\ r. lirothcTf 
 von arole, renewed- th.u chain, whii ji bigan to look 
 dull, and have tor many years taken care of our affairs 
 hv the command of ilie great King, and vck, />;• your 
 i.ihour^, have pel i Mud that chain; fo that it has look- 
 ed brii'ht, and is become known to all naii( 
 
 >.| 
 
 ions: for 
 
 all which, we fliall ever regard you, and we are thank- 
 ful to you, in thai you have taken fuch care ol thefc 
 great affairs, of which we are always minJf\il, and wc 
 do now, on our parts, renew and flrengihen the co- 
 Xcnant chain, by which wc will abide, fo long as you 
 /hall prclcrve it ftrong and brij^ht on your part, 
 
 /*' Belt. 
 Tfun, after repeating all that had been faid comer- 
 *in^ t hi lint' J \\\c fptaker proceeded. 
 Brother. 
 We haxelongconfidered thU -propofal frjra boundary he~ 
 /iirtTrus, and wc think itwillbe of goodconfcquencc, if 
 you, on v^///" parts, payadueregaid toit; and we, in con- 
 li.t]uencc thereof, have had fundrymcetingsan.ongrtour- 
 
 feWes 
 
' : -t 
 
 m 
 
 [ 78 J 
 
 fclvfs .mJ witli youi aiul from all ihat you liavc C 
 Ui ilu'icoii, \vi Ikuc at iciii;th iomt to dji>..if • ;^ 
 cotifcrn'mi', it, unJ wc \\oyc tli.ii wl.-.i i-, i> 
 upon (lull be inviolably DblVrvcU r,; y^i' / 1 
 arc dctcrn'.inul it ih.tll Iw on r.urj , .ji»J iIi 11 
 
 ill 1 
 
 ittcin|Ms will IK- \u.u\i :>i cm 
 
 hi 
 
 
 ),i /• 
 
 fi)r.fuiiri\l i\s Jin,il ; ami wc I'.o ii<u\- rt.;/. r t.i tlic //■/<• \vc 
 havi. iu.irkn.1 u|H)ii\(>ui- in.ip, iu>>v hc'orc \>»ii, 01, ir- 
 tatn iOndition}^ on \\ hi' li we 1. v c li'oki m, .ii.J lli.ul I ly 
 
 . 
 
 no more \ aiul wi ii luc //■ /.' 
 
 .///I. /.■ r/ th 
 
 tsour aci »«•- 
 
 Wi i 
 
 / /•. 
 
 ■A. 
 
 '':;/// 
 
 7//', 
 
 , *■...' .///• 'T- ii\ ; > ,.•, 7i tM, or fill ir pi. i)|)lc lij.iU 
 
 at tempi to inv.iiU- ii, i •'. i- 1 k i >' i 01 k ok \ \ v 01 n 
 
 PI I l>«, or oth( r prcli iui.*' wli u Itn. v*. i"; 1 01 in in.ii'y ot 
 
 thclV thin:\s w f li.m b> . u impoK d dh, and llurcttirc w c 
 
 ililVlaimtb in ,ill. 'VhiKhb'.undi^ irr^vat^t I'eJto^ .vi luyjii',ii 
 
 the 0/'i?f i}t\ thi nfAith 'f //>( . Ar/ 1 (. . tivity 'ali.h is 
 
 cur jufi rij^/ f . viJ ffcni thi'Hn- -;:•«• 1;'/ ///•, '.n thrf- ,th 
 
 fuic ij ihr Oh'n^ tj Kittunuji^ .ii>:iu- tc>l I't't^ fi.ni 
 
 thence a <//;«•</ line t'i the maii!! t:rh of thi ui/l hj'uh 
 
 of Svjfjnfh^rm^ tf\-n( c ihr:up^h the .-ilii^^.ir.s tn ii'^jris^ 
 
 ij long the J out h fide of the fiiid •uc/t hrr.ueh^ tilt \i.- i .me 
 
 cfP'fite to the mciiith 'f tl^d. reck CAilcd Ti,idjiiht»n ,• //•< //re 
 
 agi'ifs the weji hr,iiuh^ and iil'^ng the rafl fide rf that 
 
 ere:ht tii:dalo-:g tlu- lidge of ihtrnets Inllsy tOiiif\tk 
 
 railed .-/wandjef thence do'i'/i the fatne t^ //v enj} hrivuh 
 
 ef Sufjuehiinniih : and ncicfs the /umcj and up the eaji fide 
 
 cf that river to O-^vcgW from theniC ea/iward to DeLi- 
 
 Wiire riirty >ir,d up th.it river tc cppcjite \ here TianU' 
 
 derrcih falh into Suf']uchann<ih ; thence to Tiarudi rral'y 
 
 and up the wejl ftdc thereof, and its iveji braui ly tt the 
 
 bead thereof \ then>. e by a ftraight line to the mouth cf Ca- 
 
 r.ada Creek^ where it empties itfff into li'.od < reeky at 
 
 the end of i'- long iUrrying j lace beyond Fort Stanivix. 
 
 And this vc declare to be our fna! rcfolvesy and \v k 
 
 KXPUtI THAT Tin CONDI T IONS OF ThIS OUK 
 r.RANT WILL Bt OBSLRVrD. ,V Belt, 
 
 Brother, 
 
 < 
 
[ 79 ] 
 
 )av 
 
 cC' 
 
 tlic /; //• wc 
 'U, r,n . ( '■- 
 )t,l llriil I ly 
 
 K ll|)l> lil.lil 
 K A N ^ I » I I ) 
 
 I) tii.ii'y (it 
 It. rctt)rL w c 
 Wt hi yju '.II 
 , '.i /'/. i.' IS 
 . II t hf f- . f h 
 ^'I'f, fi.nl 
 1 1// hi J>ii i) 
 
 I .nil' 
 /.' ; //'( ncc 
 /<• ^f that 
 I I t\i k 
 /// hrdiii A 
 (•(///' //./f 
 /s Dvla- 
 c TidHii- 
 ,ic/t / /■.;/', 
 /, tr thi' 
 th cfCii- 
 rrcky at 
 tunwix. 
 
 N I) W V. 
 lis OUK 
 
 / 
 
 <■ 
 
 lilO»h( 
 
 
 licit, 
 
 i5iotl 
 
 K«)\v »fc wr Invf tiKi'lt ft) l;iri;e ;i tcflion to iht king 
 DfliKh.i \,ilu.»blf iiul cxitnlixt (ountry, -a y dy tx/^en 
 ..', .IS //'< ft rtui c/ our (ij^rccnunt, thut Jln^ urarJ hf 
 jaulto ,tll our najinithL JrfirtS. Wc ilo now, on this 
 i.ili, 4»M bch.ilf aial in ilu n.iutt of all iur warrii.fi cj 
 c\u) nition, CONDi riON, tlui our war.i«)rs Owill 
 li.iw I Kc liberty ot huruing ihrou^'Jicut the country; 
 as I hey h.iw no iMhcr nu ins nf liiblitt.inct , and as 
 youi people havi ncvi the lame oicafions or Intlin.'tionsi 
 l!j.it the white people be rcibit^tcel from hunting on our 
 liJc ot ilic hue, to prevent conieniioii between us. 
 
 ^ Belt, 
 IW'other, 
 
 r>y iliis licit we addrel's ouifelvcs tc ihi grcint h'in^ of 
 Fnyjii'iiif through you our I'uperintendant, in the name 
 tir.J I'l hi'half cf all !h( Six A..'.:-;/, iihj\i'nij[ft\ DtLh- 
 uaresy ami all other our fricuJsy allies^ anJ Jt ptmlanti ; 
 wc now ti.ll the king, that we li.ive gl\eu to him a 
 r.ieai aiui valuable eouutrv; and *.ve know, that what 
 we (h. ill now get for it tnull W far fhjt t of its value: 
 We make // a .'.nditioa 'J this our agreimttit coticrrniKg 
 t'.f iim-y that his inajijly iviil <int flri\et or KcgL!:i to 
 f"r-:< hi his fav'ury cr fujffr the ihain to loutratl rujl : 
 hi! tl at he \i:tl iliriil th^Je ivho have thi manacenunt 
 tt cur ai airs t'j he p'un^nal in retiewing our anctent a~ 
 f/tttui>:ts That ai t'u Mohawks arc now within thg 
 li'ie whi.h we give /i the Kingy and that thefe people 
 arc the true old lu.ids of llic whole confedcraey, their 
 JiVi-ral villdgiS an J all the land they occupy y ur,patente>i 
 about tfuniy as alfo the re/nLmes of <i«v otht r of our lon^ 
 fideracy afefledhy this icfjiony ihal; he coniidered as 
 their fole property, and at their difpofaly both now and 
 lo long as tlic Inn Ihinesj and that all grants or en- 
 gagements ihey have /iciu or lately catered into, ftiall 
 
 be 
 
 ' • ' 
 
 ler 
 

 fl 
 
 % 
 
 ^:\\i^ 
 
 mr "^f 
 
 hi ,;■'''; if 
 
 Wi' 
 
 % 
 
 ■ U\ 
 
 If. i'! I- M 
 
 It. 
 
 I!' i 
 
 i}|5 
 
 • -» 
 
 [ So I 
 
 
 / 
 
 be KMifuKicJ >TS liJff'ii:J,n:t "ff t/'is liountliif) ;* fo thai 
 fhtvy who h.ivi l"v> hitlc ktt, in.i) not lofc the bcucllr 
 '■/" //•<• Ai/.' '^' .'/ • rut //■.;.' .'/'<• /)<*o/> A-, a //A uA'.w //•,;>• Ajtv 
 i.yjiilf 1 :.i\ hivii thi- l.t: J. \\ c likvwilV iurthcr i'.ii- 
 ilifi:n, onbch.ilfoi j \' {.lic Six j\,!iio/:Sf .iiiJ ut' j/Zoui 
 aUits, lii.iu'.s :\nd ntphi w , onr ilcj>i!ulants, that as 
 \v^ h.-iVc t.'.ptiicmcd how ililllcuU il is to jjct iuAiir, «)r 
 to make oui coinplaints kiu>\vn, ;uul that it is not in 
 the power ot our liipi. i iiiu Dilaut to take lare of our li 
 allalrs \v. I'Ml'i ri*nt pl,u\s withoui the icing's help, that 
 Ijis Mai' (t\ \\!1 I'Jve hiiu h.lp anil flreniMh to do Ui 
 juiiice, aiu! to ni,i!ij^;e ouv a:!airs in a pi oper manner. 
 We all kn',>\^ ili*- \s'.iiit ot ilos, an J \w ui.ikc it a point 
 oi giwit i iMiK «pu. m ( , on whii h tins our prelem ai;rte- 
 iv.ent is to ih,>i.iii.l, a;ul wiihoirt whiili atiaiiii will <'o 
 wronr,, aiiJ oui' hcailb lu.iy be lurnei!. 
 Brothv.r, 
 \V'' likewile (.utire ih.u as we liave now given tip a 
 "reat deal ot laiiilb within the 1k)uiu!s that ^^v. Pcr.n 
 r/c/ </«(•(/ .7 / /,• /•/ cf/njvi'h'i tliit he mav, in eonreMiienic 
 f/f the iu]rt\uu'nt\ /;c:y entered into between us, enjoy 
 what wc have given within them limits. And as wc 
 know, that / v.A./j ot .tc7/'i//;v did, in the nami. ol" leve- 
 ral perfons, lay elaini to lands in Pftin/y/vunij) whiih 
 we know to be iinjull; and that the deeds he pretends 
 a riglit to, were invalid, ivc' tA/<'.7 that no rej^.vd wil! 
 be paid to themj or any Tuch claims, now or liwreafter; 
 as luf have Jiiirly J'^lii thini tc the proprietors cj Pent:' _ 
 fylvaniiiy to whom alouc we Jhall fell LtnJs within that 
 provine:: ; and we Ihall now give them a deed tor that f ^^ 
 
 and other lands there. V/zt/ in C'.'er to fbeiv that ■;:■» j/ (^.^.^ 
 
 l&vc jujruey we expect the trader s^ who fu^eredhy /iw* li j^^ , 
 
 * This rrlaftfl to I.uiils on the Su!tii.n.'Iiarn.ih, &c. 
 
 t llu piu(>iicti»rs ot iVimlylv.tiii.i fr-^i't 'li ihc Six \;iti:ni, a largf 
 tT:ii\ of country ut this i9'ii,'rt/i, .uji! on ictrii iiig their dcol »)t loiivcyaiicc I! 
 foi the r.inu-, the fa'ul propi irrors pjiJ ih >;.v \'?tio>n lo.ioo ^>panil'i |j tht- p; 
 milLil (l(>!!uis; being tlie ix»iiiiUoatijii nijury for tiic lai'l tiacfl U *""■ th 
 
 J 
 L 
 
 I n 
 
 hi 
 
 a 
 c 
 
 m 
 
 ha 
 wc 
 ou 
 tui 
 am 
 ma 
 hu.s 
 ten 
 
 Six 
 ven 
 
 Iclf 
 
 I 
 
 and 
 rv 
 
 V 
 
 (hoiil, 
 
 ticri Hi 
 
f;* Co th.ll 
 
 the be IK lir 
 ni //'<■)■ hiiv^ 
 ID tl'Li i '.n- 
 A i»t j//oui 
 Its, thai .IS 
 t iul\Ii f, itv 
 it is not ill 
 arc ol uiir 
 , help, ih.ir 
 I to ch) i.i 
 Ki' maniKr. 
 c ii .1 I'oint 
 .•lent .i;.; rep- 
 airs will ;'o 
 
 ,' g'vcn up a 
 ^iV. Pc!:n 
 
 OSlU'iUClUC 
 
 1 us, cnjtjy 
 And as \vc 
 Ui. ol kVt- 
 /./, whiih 
 K" prctciuii 
 
 \i\ 
 
 u \vu; 
 
 hwieattt r 
 
 f cj Pinr- 
 tthin tl\it 
 d tor that 
 V thjt U't 
 cJ by fi 
 
 [ 8! ] 
 
 of our depcnJcints in the wars Jive years ago, ?ndy have 
 a i^ rant for the lands -U'f now give them down Ohiot as a 
 
 fil.fadion for their lojfcs ; and as oui friend Mr. 
 
 Crot^han lon^' ago got a deed for lands from us, which 
 ni.iy now be taken into Mr. Penn^s lands; JIkuU it fo 
 happiNt ive requeji tliat it may be conlidcred, and that 
 he mny get as mueh from the Kin^ fomewhere elJCf at 
 
 he fairly bought it And as wc have given enough to 
 
 (hew our love tor the King, and make his people cafy, 
 in the next place, -wc expert, T H A T NO OLD 
 CLAIMS, which 'MC difavow, or new tncroachmeuts, 
 mav he allowed of. * 
 brother, 
 
 We have now gone through this matter, and w-e 
 have l)»ewn oiirlejves ready to give the King whatever 
 we could reafonably ipa'C', we, on cur parts exprefs 
 our regard for him, and we hope for his favour in rC" 
 turn.--- Oiu words are ftroni' and our re*blutions firm, 
 and IV e expeJ} that our rcfuijis luiil he complied withy 
 inafmuch as we have fc grneroitjl; complied \\'\x\\ all that 
 has been defircd, as far as was conhlfent with our in- 
 tcreft. J Belt. 
 
 At a ^v='neral Congrefs held at Fort Stanwix with the 
 Six Nations, and other Indians, &c. on Friday, No- 
 vember 4, 1/68, — 'ci\e H'illiavt Jchnjcn addiclling him- 
 itlf lo them, Ipolce as follows: 
 
 lirotl 
 
 urs. 
 
 mi 
 
 oj 
 
 1/ 
 
 |)t lonvcyancc 
 oo o pa 11 i III 
 
 I am glad thf hundary is nt !ent;th agreed upon; 
 
 and as I have great reafcMi to think it will be duly ob~ 
 
 } lerved by the Kngliju, I reromniejul it to you to pre- 
 
 ferve it carefully in remeinhrancc ; to explain it fully 
 
 to thofe that are abfent, and to tea' h it to your chil- 
 
 JL drcii, 
 
 • The .9;.v Sjtinuiy^txt farther makr it a oiulitioti, that no cW cljims 
 Ihoiil.l be allow r, I Thii -u'.n exPrefsiy made to lemovc all prctf i.l/ons on. 
 tlu- part o! Viipinia, to the lands -uiift^v.ird oi x\ic Jllcfai:t M-wti-t in'- 
 ^rr the Lu'Uu.Lr ihi-a; a« t'-fy ri'piuliJIy (..id, they ItaiJ been %■ tut eJ, i^xi 
 **irti,*</ at the dtaij Ltd at l.j>htij1. <744. 
 
 I 
 
 l.i 
 
if; <•'' 
 
 
 «l 1 
 
 ['ft;" 
 
 K 
 
 If 
 11^ 
 
 !i 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 . ■■■'i"H 
 
 m 
 
 i 8^ J 
 
 (Irffi, c^v, /^i-.i- ^r^/:ft' you fA// ht-lt t: jlren^^then^ ratify 
 uul c'.nf.ymthc boundary ^ atid all tt .inl'dlUsns neccjjary 
 
 thereto. 
 
 A Bslt. 
 
 Brnth 
 
 crs, 
 
 I conficliT vnur f^ood infrnti'ivs towrtrdh th traders 
 
 Tfho fii/i, 
 
 un, 
 
 /.« 
 
 ll\C 
 
 lort 
 
 cs, :iiul v-z/r dijirr tofuljiLillpur 
 
 engagimcKts, wj in/I,uucs of yovr integrity. I wifh 
 th.u yoii m.iv, on your parts, carefully remember ^nd 
 fait hftilly obi,. rvc tlu^ cng.iiTcnunis, vou have now a^ 
 well iis fornu rly entered imo with the Englijb^ and that 
 you niay every day grow more feniiblc lunv much it is 
 your intcTi'ft- to do i"o. 
 
 Sir li'illi.ru Jchn/on addrcfling !iin»felf to ihcChvi'nist 
 of AVii' Ji-'/'ry .i;kI the CcpimiJlio^iers ^ laid--- 
 Gciiticinenj 
 
 Agreeable to his Majcjiy^s intentions fjpniflcd to mc 
 by the Secretary of State, and tor the faiistac'rion of 
 the Icvcral nations here a^VenibleJ, I t.ikc the liberty 
 to recommend it ftrongly to yov.r feveral province*, to 
 cnrnTk the molt effc(flual laws for ihf due obferv;<nce of 
 i:ic line, and the preventing :i!i future Intrufions, as 
 the cxpe^ation thereof, and ihc reliance the Indian 
 have on your jultice, from ihe affitrancc I have gi* i 
 them on that head, liave proved great inducements to 
 the fetilemcnt of the line ncvj efiablxjlhed i)etween the 
 colonies and them. 
 
 To which the Covermr and '^ommiffiomrs anfwered, 
 
 Nothing '(houM be wanting on their parts to the 
 obtaining fuch fecurity for tkc boundary as was deemed 
 ncccilary, on their return to their rcfpc(flive colonies. 
 Grant from the Six United Natior.i to William Trent, 
 
 and others. 
 'T'O all people to whom thefe prefents fliall come 
 greeting, Know ye, that we /Abraham a Mohawk 
 chief Scnnghois an Oneida chief Saquarifera a Tvfca- 
 
 rorA 
 
[ 83 ] 
 
 fi, rAtxfy 
 neccffary 
 Belt. 
 
 • trtidtrs 
 I aU your 
 
 I wilh 
 nbcr i^nd 
 
 now aw 
 and that 
 uch it is 
 
 cd to mc 
 
 ackioii of 
 
 jie liberty 
 
 incc«, to 
 
 v;«ncc ot 
 
 fiorjs, as 
 
 Indiav 
 
 |vc gi> J 
 
 nents to 
 
 'vcn the 
 
 Ifwered, 
 Is to the 
 
 Ideemcd 
 Ionics. 
 Trent, 
 
 1 come 
 
 yfohavjk 
 
 \Tiifca- 
 
 ron^ 
 
 nra chUf^ Chtnaufihtata thiif of tt.c Onondago ccunci 
 
 Seneca 
 
 '!. 
 
 Ta^aaiii a Cayuga chicfy and Caujlarax 
 
 I 
 
 idbt 
 
 r/; 
 
 ih'uii andfac^H-ms of the Six United Nations^ and being 
 and effc»nually repicf^niing all the tribes ot' the iaid 
 Six United Nations^ fend greeting: 
 
 IVhereas Robert Cullender, David Franks» Jofeph 
 Simons, Levy Andrew Levy, Philip Boyle, John 
 liaynton, Samuel Wharton, UtDrge Morg-^n, Jofeph 
 S[)e.H', Thomas Smallman, Samuel VVharion admini- 
 Orator of John WeUh,, det i.ifed; Ednuuid Moran, 
 Evan Shelby, Samnel Poitltthwait, John Gibfon^ 
 Richjrd Winfion, Dennis Crohoi>, William Thomp- 
 fon, Abraham Mitchd, James Dundas, Thomas Dun- 
 das, and John Ornjfby, in and by their feveral and 
 refpoftivc letters or powers of attoiney, duly iigned, 
 fealed, and delivered by thent, and now produced^ iu" 
 ierpretedf and explained lo nsj have conO^itulcd, no- 
 minated, and appointed lyUliam Trent^ of the county 
 of Cumberldthly and pr()\ince of Penu/ylvaniay mer- 
 chant, their lawful attorney and agent, to aik, follcit, 
 demand and receive from the fackems^ councellcrs and 
 warriors of the /aid Six United Nations, a grant of a 
 tra«ft of land, as a compcnfaiion, fatisfa<Stion, or retri- 
 bution, for the goods, mcrehandi'/e, and effects of the 
 faid ll'illiam Trent, and the traders aforefaid, which 
 the Shawtii fj'ty Delaware, and Huron tribes, tributa- 
 ries of tlij faid Six Xations, (contrary to all good faith 
 and in violation of their repeated promifes of fafety 
 and protect ic^p to their perfons, fervants, and cffe<Sts, 
 whJlA trading in their country) did in the fpring of 
 the year One thoufand le\en hundred and lixiy three, 
 violently fcizc upon, and unjullly appropriate to thdr 
 own ufe : 
 
 And whereas ive are now convened in full council, by 
 
 ^der of cur father y the kimg of Great Britain, France^ 
 
 and 
 
 cri 
 
I * 
 
 hi: 
 
 
 f'^i 
 
 
 I-'! 
 
 1 (. 
 
 't 
 
 I.;, 
 
 i ■ .! 
 
 5! 
 
 if .1 
 
 ■ I 
 
 I 
 
 11: 
 
 >i; 
 
 § 
 
 -'it 
 
 ii/ 1 
 
 :1 
 
 
 i 84 ] 
 
 ci'fj Irc'lijndf defender of the f.ilth, &c, m Tovi Sta*!- 
 -iviXf in llic province of Anc ]«r;t, in order 10 agi cc 
 for, iU'cen.iin, iind linally lix and fctilL <; j rrnuiuci't 
 and Ijjli'''.^ hcitiuiiiry line between tlic huming counu v, 
 vhicli we, .11 ilu conlVrcncL aforefaid, siiai l «/:./ 
 \v 1 1 I n/iTVt' iov oiirfeivtS; our children, anil oiu 
 tribuiarics, and the Wrritoiics of ihe laid king <'f 
 (•re lit /)'/ //.;/'; .- 
 
 And whereas appHcaiion \^ .i'i formerly ni.idc to the 
 faid Six I'nftJ \,itiQUS by Sii- liilluivi 'Jo''ni^,Uy baron- 
 er, at the reijuiliiion of tl\e aforelaid traders, vho had 
 ful^anied and fuftered tl\c lofles aforefaid, for r. irtri- 
 bntion fcr thi f,imt\ wliich the faid Six Vintid :\\:!i'ns 
 promiftii avd (K^rerd to, ivhi'iiljfvrr hr, tlie laid Sir 
 Will'.Am Joh)tfon, baronet, (hould be impcxicrc.! hx his 
 faid majel^y, the kin'^, of '''rctit Britain , to ijLihliJb the 
 bcuKdr,r\ line aforcfixid : 
 
 And whereas the faid Sir H'l/li.vn J'jhnfcn, baronet, 
 h.i<; now at this prefcnt eongrefs, reminded the faid Six 
 Vnitrd h'ntions of thflr fuid fi omij\ : ami at the earnclt 
 dellre of the afoicfaid traders, by tlicir laid attorney, 
 ftrongly reconinjended to the faid Six Vniti'd Natr,nSy 
 to make them a reilitution, by a gr;int oi a tra<ft of 
 hind to his faid m«ijelh', the king of dreut liritnin, his 
 hiirs ami fiicceliorsj to and fcr iht: cnly uft\ henffit, 
 and f^-'hoof of the Ja id V^' WW, WW Trent, /'/ his §\vn rights 
 and as attctney a^ tiforruiid; all whi( li the faid Six 
 United Nations having taken into their conlideration, 
 and being heartily difpofcd to agree thtreinito, as an 
 inftance of their jiiftice and eonecrn for the faid lofles, 
 do therefore by thefe prefents lignify, publifli, :n.».! 
 declare, that notwithftanding thej(,'^rrtf</ and gift hereto 
 made and given by them unto his faid majelh' the king 
 of Great Britain, and fo forth; [to and for the only^uj., 
 J be\efity and hi hoof of the A;/(^ William Trent, in his oivn 
 
 right, 
 
on Start ~ 
 
 r to ;ii;rcc 
 rrnuiucr.t 
 , country, 
 Ai L ar.l 
 
 Hiul OUl 
 
 kiiu» of 
 
 lie to the 
 /?, b;\ron- 
 , vlu) li.id 
 r «.' 1 1 !f I' 
 
 J .\\:ti'Ks 
 c liiic! Sir 
 r<-./ /'v his 
 7.1 /'///'•' '^^ 
 
 , b.ironcr, 
 c ialil Six 
 he c;ii ncli 
 attorney, 
 / i\ati',nSy 
 V traft oi 
 itaitiy his 
 , benefity 
 vn right y 
 lit ill 5;.v 
 Idcraiion, 
 ro, '.IS .11^ 
 lid lofles, 
 ifh* anvl 
 [ft h€rih 
 :he king 
 
 rjllly^UJ. y 
 
 ! his 01V ri 
 ri^hty 
 
 
 
 t 85 1 
 
 riyjity and as attorney as afcre/.iidl 'I'ill h' in.-'i/Jtii 
 ivithin the crlfrjtiy f^ilr^ and houndiiry liut'y which ihc 
 iaid Six Uniti-i! .Wit tons P\iU iind •^vil! ?;;.;',/■, A// an J 
 yr,i':t to thr laid kini; ol* (ircut lUitainy at tac ron- 
 fcrtnci.' afoiel'rul, ho-x hoUicn at J'ort .V/,?- -.1 rv -irovc- 
 laid, by the laid Sir // i//;j;;i "JchnUtiy haronci: 
 
 Yel nt„vei tlu kls, the I'lid Six I'nitfJ N<iiirns have 
 vt'ifl'rr iiflti!^ <:' n:,ni(ir:ff y t i < , 1 1 1'n' frr.in him the laid 
 S\i' li'il/tarii Jchr/liJ y b.iioinr, nor //.;;; j/'; 'tl\r prr- 
 fr>>: or prrfcns in bvhalf of the laid l^ini', of l:r,\it Hti- 
 tiiin^ any Cyn/'dirati .• foi //•.• /v ri-/>\' yir, n and ;/ ant. J 
 preinifii ^ neither /hall um -'ill the j'.iid Six I'ltiJ Aa* 
 ticns, not t/\tr h,i.'s ri; ././:./•. /,/;//j, (and bv ihtle 
 
 prclluii, they, the laid Six i'i:i.'..l WifionSy 
 
 ,,,/,, 
 
 'li 
 
 a,: J ruttrtlv h:tt'rdi't aiii! ,'-• '■;.•'•;/ *h ••; //;•>; lo doinr,) 
 iliuiiiiul, nor /{ttivr /r »>,• ibe laiil hii!'; .J CrcA Bn~ 
 Ijiny Kor trom ^^is iii,\ rjfrrsy »'r frm Ids or their wz/- 
 vi/lcrs cr f'rrv.irtSy any conjiilt'i aticn i^liatfievrr or 
 howioevcr, i<)v thi h^/fhy i^/.int.ily b,irgaine<l, or now 
 r;ivcn preniik>, (M- an\ jMit, purpart, or [)arcel there- 
 of, fhc la:iK bving f^'nr "r.: n \^'linitar\ aFf and JciJ^ 
 lolely, aivd hzna Julc dfjni>:t,! and in f ended h\ r as a 
 
 (cmf'rn/.^ti:.?:^ fati^faclicn and ) 1 17 ihiiU'^n foi ili ; lOllls 
 
 h\\\ 
 
 idiedbvthe taid li'illiani Tti>:t. and the Indian tra- 
 
 ders uoteiaid, by the <.iepr«.tlations t)f the .VA,; ;r.;/<:^/f. 
 
 Di'h 
 
 awnt 
 
 and 
 
 llu 
 
 rcn 
 
 tribes ot Indi.nis afoniaid, i 
 
 n 
 
 the atorelaid year One rhouland Icvlu hundred and 
 iivty-three : 
 
 Novj this indenture ivitnefftthy i Iiat we the faid ,V- 
 
 tnahaniy 
 Caaiat a 
 
 enngh'.is 
 
 aquariftray 
 
 1. 1: 
 
 u-nanoht ati. 
 
 Ta- 
 
 nd CaujlaraXt { ^ hiefs ajtd fab uis of the faiJ 
 Six United Nations y and being and e£l\ < i".al!y, as afore- 
 tiid, reprefcnting all the tribes of toe Six I nited Na- 
 tions J for and in eonllderation of.'/r /:tni of iioht\''f:rc 
 t'-'ufanl nine hundred and fxtt-'^n yn:' ./;, ten Ji.'iHii:(»\ 
 
 aiid 
 
 I '1 ■■'■ 
 
 ■i ' " 
 
 •' d 
 
 ,; 1 
 
 jij. ij 
 
( ■■, 
 
 ' «t r 
 
 ■f 
 
 ';■ '!■!! i' 
 
 ' 1 
 
 1 ; 
 
 [ 86 ] 
 
 <ir..f ftj^'^t fence, l.xwfiil money of thf province o{ Xe'^ 
 Vorkf {ihc fiifyie bt'ini^ the' amount of the goods and nwr- 
 chiiv.dtzr, U'huh zirrt' unjuftly feized and takcn^ ns afore- 
 fiidt hy tht' Sh.-i-vrejj'ry Dchiu-.^ret ^"^ Huron tribes rf 
 IndiiXns aforcf-tiJ, i'l urn the laid Willi.jm Trent, Ro- 
 bert C.illciidcr, David Fr.iuks, Ji>kph Simuns, l,t\y 
 Aiidrew Levy, Vhilip Hoylc, Jnlin li.iynton, S.uiiucl 
 Wharton, (fOorp^,.- Morr^an, Joli'pli Spear, Thomas 
 Smalhnan, Samuel Wharton idminiiiiator of John 
 Welch, JiccaiVili Edmund Motan, Fa an M.elby, Sa- 
 mtiel Pol^kihwait, John Giblon, llichaid WiiiOon, 
 Dennis Crohoii, William Thomplon, Abraham Miitli- 
 el, James Dundas, Thoma, Dundas, and John Orin- 
 (hy, in tlic aforelaid year, One tlioufand fevtn hun- 
 dred aiul lixiy-thrce, wfwn'-f jiifl and ftiir accourls 
 have, on Datl\ and allirniatiix^, been ptoJuccdf intir- 
 prctcdy .ridt'xfdiiuitdt'tKi .mi >vliiili, at oui" dellre, 
 are vv lod ^cd .\nA dcpolii^'d with the laid Sir H'il/iiivj 
 Jchnf'.n^ baronet: And loi and in ronlidcration of 
 the iiim of /t"t'<' //'/V''//;:; f, lawhd mon-. y atorelaid, to 
 us in liind paid bv tlic laiil li'illiam Trcnty the receipt 
 whereof we do hereby acknowledge, dn givc^ grant ^ 
 bnrgiim, and /J// unto his faid majelty, hi«. heirs and 
 fuccefTors, to and for the onh ufc^ benefit, and behoof 
 r>f\.\\t fatd H'llliam Trent y in liis own right, and as at- 
 lorncv aforefaid ; all that tract or parcel of land, be- 
 ginning iit the font her Is fide of the mouth of Little Ken- 
 h.ivea Creek, "U'vre it Lm/^ties 't/,lf irto the river Ohio, 
 snd running frcm thence fjuth a/i fi the Laurel Hill, 
 thanec ahnc the Laurel tltll until »t flrikes the river 
 Mcnongehelii, thence dc'vn the ftreuvi of the faid ri'Ctr 
 AlonofigeSeLi^ ccordtng to the feveral cGurfes thereof, to 
 the fouthern hcjndary line of the province of Pennjy Iva- 
 
 -rovi^b 
 
 I 
 
 t* 
 
 •K< 
 
 hs 
 
 irfe of the fa 
 
 boundary hue, as far as the ftanc fhall extend^ nri 
 
 trom 
 
 -' ii. 
 
of AVv 
 
 IS dfore- 
 
 tribes of 
 
 :nt, Ro- 
 
 vs, l^vy 
 
 Samuel 
 
 of John 
 ilby, S.i- 
 WinAon, 
 ni Mitch- 
 ,hn Orm- 
 vcn hun- 
 ■ nccotirts 
 
 [)ur (.hlni', 
 V\v li'illi^nn 
 cration ot 
 >rfiaiJ, to 
 he i-ctcipt 
 ■r, gr.int, 
 Ihcirs and 
 and bchocf 
 and as at- 
 UukI, /"'- 
 itth Ken- 
 ivcr OhiOf 
 ,n'l Hill, 
 the river 
 i.iid rivn 
 hereof, t- 
 •n/vlva- 
 
 jL and 
 
 froir 
 
 i 87 1 
 
 frcm thence kj the /ytu- ccurfe to the river Chic, 
 thence dc\ifi the /nij river Ohic^ acccrdlhg to the fe- 
 veral courfes thereof ^ to the place of he^innnifi . together 
 villi all and fingnlar ilu irtcs, wood ., undtr-wood?;, 
 nTints, mintiaLs, ores, w.ittrs, watcr-couilcs, lilliings, 
 fowlings, huntings, prolits, coininoviitics, advantages, 
 ri»;lus, Ijb.riies, piivilcj',es, htreditan\cnts, and ap- 
 purtenaMccs whaifocver, to the faid \\\\.0 or parcel of 
 land belonging, or in aiiv ways appertaining j or whii h 
 now arc, or formerly liavc been accepted, reputed, 
 taken, known, ufcd, occupied, or enjoyed, 10 or with 
 the fame, or as pari, parcel, or member thereof, and 
 the rcvtiTjon and reverlions, remainder and remain- 
 ders, rents, iiTues and profu*;, ot all and lingular the 
 faid premifes above mentioned, and every part or par- 
 cel thereof, wiih the appurtenances: And aUb all the 
 cftatc, right, title, intcreft, property, claim and de- 
 mand whaifoever; whether native, legal or equitable, 
 oi us the laid Indians, and each and every of us, and 
 of all and every other ptrfon and pcrfons whatfocvcr, 
 of or belonging to the laid Nations, of, in, to, and 
 out of, all and lingular the premifes above mentioned ; 
 and of, in, lu, and our. of. every part and parcel 
 thereof, with the appurtenances; to have and to ho/J, 
 all and lingular the faid trat^t, parcel and parcels of 
 land, given, granted ai i bargained premifes, \\^th 
 their appurtcnanrcs, unto his laid qujcfty, king George 
 the Third, his heirs and fucccflbrs, but to and for the 
 only tife^ benefit ^ and behoof of the faid William Trent, 
 in his ciun right f and as attorney afcrefaidy hs heirs and 
 ^jf-g^^i for ever: And the faid Abraham, Senoghois, 
 Saquarifcra, Chcnaugheata, Tagaaia, and GauAarax, 
 for thcmfeUcs, and for the Six United AationSf ai.J 
 ali and every other nation and nations, tribes, tribu- 
 faric?, aad dependants on the faid Six United Nations, 
 
 and 
 
 :( , 1I 
 
 I: 
 
 m 
 
t 
 
 
 )ii ;.! ' 
 
 f 
 
 iV 1 
 
 
 
 ■(■!;; ' ■ 
 
 ■'[ ■ . 
 
 ^. ' '1 
 
 ,,- . 1 
 
 t i T 
 
 
 ■ l> t.'i '' 
 
 i> 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 1,1 
 
 ■) ■ 1 
 
 i ■ 
 
 i 
 
 I ■ 
 
 [ 88 ] 
 
 and their and every of their pM^critics, the fhid (rati 
 and panel ot land and prcmifcs, and every part there- 
 of, ai',ainll them the faid Abraham, Sennp,hois, Sa- 
 tjiiariftra, Chenaughe.ita, Tagaaia, and Gaufbarax; 
 and againft the faid Six i'nitcd Xiitions, and their tri- 
 butaries and dependants, and all and every of their 
 poilcriiies; to his faid njajeliy, his heirs and Aicccf- 
 fors, hut to and for the only u/'c, hi'fwfit^ and h'hocf of 
 ihs.\fiiid \\ \\\\A\\\ Trent, in his own rii^hty nnd as at' 
 tornty itjci rfiiidy his heirs atid itJ/'i'jiSy /liill anil will 
 lu^i/riintf and /yr eiur ill fend I'Y fhijcprt/cnts: In wit- 
 nel's whcreot, "u-, thr /'id ihi-'fs and faihctns, in be- 
 half of ourielves rel'petiivcly» and in h. half of tlie 
 whole Six i//iitfd Niitioiis atorel.iid, have hereunto fct 
 our hands and feals, in tlie prt fence of the perfons 
 fubferihing as witnefles lu rtunt(>, at a ovy^trfs hr/d at 
 Fort Stanwix nfcrrfin! •'•■••• *^'>\\ il ly of November, in 
 the ninth year of his mauity's itign, and in the year 
 of our Lord oik ihouland fcvtn hundred and fixiy- 
 cight. 
 
 Sf.iled and dcUvn cii iu") 
 
 Willi.im Franklin, g.i'iruijr 
 
 of St\v J<ijiy- 
 I'leilcrick ^nivtii, iLitfJnf- 
 
 t: f "f I^fU' 'Jer/iy. 
 Till mas Walker, commjft- 
 
 oner for l'ir;^U:i/i. 
 
 f of the 
 
 llichard Pctiis, i c$uihd 
 
 JanicsTilglintaii, ! (jfl\.h- 
 
 {_ lsh\:ma 
 
 Jiilin SkiiiDfr. cr.^t. :n tht 
 
 70/A TI I'ICht. 
 
 Idkph C.ni 
 
 "J 
 
 TIk mark ot his n.ttion. 
 /\!.i..l,.im, or ■>,/;<•/ of ,/,.S.) tht \/. 
 'l)u!iai.tTcra, J hjvh. *l lie llccl. 
 
 Tht mark of his nation. 
 Willi.im. or"> i-w/ of fl.. S.) the i;/..i- 
 bcniighoi!), J <iui. '1 lie Itonc. 
 
 I'he mai k ot his nation. 
 Hcruli ilk, gr ■>,/.!;/ of (I.. S.) the iVy- 
 Saquarilcra.. J mrtrji, 'Mie cioU. 
 
 Thf mark uf Iii> nation. 
 Bunt, or ChcO r/'ii/of (I.. S.) the 0- 
 
 John VVialheihcail,</^Vi» 
 lotlt. 
 
 iiau^hcAta, 
 
 ■} 
 
 iijud.i^iii. I'hc mwunuin- 
 
 Tlic mark of his n.it ion. 
 
 John Walker, c/TjVjim.;. Taeami;! S'^^<^J ^^ (l- ^-.1 tlie r.'rfvj.jj 
 
 v.. \-\u\\ of C-.itucHuut. lagaia, ^ 1 l.i pipe. 
 
 j;. 
 
 I^honiai. Walker, jon. of 
 
 trj^iH 
 
 UI. 
 
 Ihr mark of hit nation. 
 
 Itt ifOW*- 4 
 
 mtf oi (1.. S.) the S» 
 i4i. The high hill. 
 
 «»■• 
 
 On 
 
faid tr.id 
 art thcrc- 
 hois, S;i- 
 .luftnrax; 
 their iri- 
 of I heir 
 d fuccef- 
 J bi'hocf of 
 \nd t3i at- 
 and will 
 ; la wit- 
 >;j, in be- 
 lt" of tlic 
 icunto fct 
 he i>crlons 
 
 tt'fs ht'Ul At 
 
 veniber, in 
 n the ye.ir 
 aiul fixty- 
 
 \ his n/tiofl, 
 S.) tht ^/^• 
 |l>c Ikcl. 
 
 his nation. 
 
 ) the 0''«»- 
 loiic. 
 
 his nation. 
 i.) the li'J- 
 Ihc Cioli. 
 
 |hi> nation. 
 S.) the 0- 
 ic mvunvain- 
 
 Ihis nation. 
 
 the (.'(ivHjjJi* 
 (e. 
 
 u» nation. 
 Ih bilU 
 
 On 
 
 [ 89 ] 
 
 On ilie ft'Vcnfh vl.iy of January, in the ytar of our 
 l.oid one thuiif-mtt I'even hundred and iixty-ninc, bf- 
 fore me llaai Jones, tit]; mayor of the lity cf VhiluJel- 
 fhia^ eanie the Uev. Uichurd PctcrSy Ut<!lor of the two 
 iMiitcd thiiiciies (.f ChriO CMiuJch and Sf. Peters, in 
 PhiliTcitl; huif our of tlie fulM". i ibing Avltncfli s to the 
 uiihin-wriiti n deed, and made oath i.n ihe Hoiv Kvan- 
 j^clilhof Ahuii»,hty in)i.\^ that he was pnfcnt, an 1 did 
 lee tlic within-nanuil Altraham, or Tyahanel'cra, a 
 thief cf the jM:ha\vks , William, or SeJinghois, a (.hicf 
 cf the Oneidds ; Henilriek, or Sa(|ari<'cr?i, a chief of the 
 Tufcaror<:! ; Bunt, or Chcnau!',lu.iia, ci ilnf cf thi 
 Onond.igas ; Tat>aaia, <; chitfofthe C.i\ugas ; and Cau- 
 Aarax, aif'iif cf the Stntai^^, make the r».veral marks 
 in ilic within-wi itii n deeii, a»;ainQ their relpeiflive 
 nanus, placed as ilu- partii ular mai k of eaeh nation; 
 and did alio fte the faid Abraham, or Tyahanefera; 
 \Villiam, or Si nni',hois ; llendiick, or Satiuarifcra ; 
 Bunt, or Clu nain'.hcata; Tagaaia, and Gauftarax, re- 
 fpcc'^liveiy fcal, and, as theii dii and deed, deliver in 
 behalf of tluinfelves, and the fevcial nations wliith 
 
 tl 
 
 u 
 
 •ftlcl 
 
 uallv reprelemet 
 
 I, il 
 
 \c w I 
 
 thin- 
 
 writtcn 
 
 deed 
 
 poll; and that the n4me Richard I'etcrs, iiibferibed 
 
 tfiercto as a witntfs of (he fame, is of his own hand- 
 
 I \vriting : And alfo, th.u the faid Richard IVtcrs law 
 
 W. Franklin, governor of New Jcrily; Fred. Smyth, 
 
 chief jtiilice of New Jerfey; Thomas Walker, t 
 
 OI1I- 
 
 loner tor \ irouiia; Tamts 
 
 Tild 
 
 unan, 
 
 of tl 
 
 te coun- 
 
 mill 
 
 eil of Pennlylvania; John Skinner, capt. in the 70th 
 rcjj^iicnt; Jolcj>h Chew, of Conneflicut ; John Wal- 
 ker, of Virginia; E. Fitch, of Ci>nni(^tieut j Thomas 
 W^alker, jun. of Virginia; John Butler, interpreter 
 for the crown; lubfciibe tluir names .»"^ witneflcs llkc- 
 wifc, to the signing, fcaling, and <lclivery ot the with- 
 i-written deed poll. Witncfk n^y hand and leal, tlte 
 
 n 
 
 day And year aforef^id. 
 
 M 
 
 I. JONL5, (L. S.) 
 
 Crant 
 
4:-':l 
 
 li'jl 
 
 ^.!' 
 
 .- I I 
 
 n\ 
 
 ih 
 
 90 I 
 
 Cr,jnt /roPi th Six L't:rt,J ,\dticns i:> the A/t/^ aj 
 
 KnyJ.md, • 
 T \) ./// / , •:;/•.,•'.• thrit pn fctits P.\ill (•'>;<•, 4)r may con 
 nan: \\ c tli^ LuIkmus aiul rhli t- »)t t!u Six Con- 
 ♦ViKriuc Nati(ui , .niil ot" ilu- Shtui»tiU", nil.iwarts, 
 Mini^ct? 't Oliio, aiu! oih; i Ui jKMi l.ini rrllH»., on bt- 
 h.ill ()♦' J" «lvc^ .\ik1 01* tl\c «\lt of t>ur lv.v1r.1l nations, 
 tlict' > \\\k\ \..ir»iorsot whom a. c rjow lu iv » onvcncd 
 by Si. ''///: .'W V '■■.fr,:^ h.iioiui, hU ni.'.itt>y's hijHi- 
 inti I'l.i' I ot onr .itr.iir , iVnil rroctiii"; 
 
 'i/.'ittAs liis ni 111 Oy v\.i'. ^'vk ioui'v plcilcd tc / rr.- 
 f:fi- to us 111 tlio w.i. 01. t. tiioiila;,il Ilmh liutuircd and 
 lixtv-llvc, ih.it .1 / ;/ ...'./rv //■(' Dionltl be tixctl Utwccn 
 iV.c Englilh .iiul lis, to .ilVirt.iin aiu! t ll.ilvHlh ''Ur limits, 
 and prtMnt ihok intitillons ..lu! tiuioachnKnts, ot 
 vhicliwc hul lo loru' .iiul N)ii llv c(vv.;>l.iint.\l ; and to 
 put .1 flop to the m.my f/\iiuI:iI'.Kt ;./; :>./.;r^Jwhich h.nt 
 been fi) otltn l.ikcnotusi -; A/. A /•,,';.. Or y appc.iring to 
 us as a wife and good ineafini , we did tht-n (Jiycc to <f 
 fart 'jf a lini't and pioniU'cil to fettle il\e whole hnally, 
 whenfoever Sir /r////Vjm J'^hnfon lliould be fully iuipow- 
 cicd to treat with us for that i>urpofc; 
 
 And whereas his faid m.ijelh' h.is at length givt Sii" 
 Wxlliiim Johnp.n orders to complete the faid bound. ify 
 line between the provinces and Indiansi inconfoinuiy 
 to whieh orders, Sh' H il/iinn J^Jnifon has con\tned the 
 chiefs and warriors of our ref i>eCtivc nations, u'/"5 j;v 
 i%c true and ahf'^lutc j^roprit'tors of tlw lands m rjut'jli- n, 
 and who arc here luiw to a very eonliderable nun^b^i 
 
 And whereas nianv tmeafineires and doubts have »- 
 vlfen amongll \\<, which have given rife to an appre- 
 lunfion that the <'inf iiiav not be ftrie'tlv obferved on thi* 
 pait of the linglidi, ni which e.ife matters may be 
 worfe than before; whii h appi i heni'ion,, together with 
 the dependant ilate ot tome of our tribes, and othei 
 
 circundlaocck. 
 
 
A/Tr of 
 
 • m.\)' ( on 
 Six CoM- 
 lVl.iwarts» 
 IV, oil bt- 
 .\\ nations^ 
 c I onvcncd 
 h-'s fupci- 
 
 Icd 1c IfG- 
 LiDclicci ;iiui 
 tctl In two en 
 \ our limifSy 
 hnunfs, of 
 (.-il i .iiu! to 
 J which h.K? 
 \>pcnriiH» to 
 n arri'c to <: 
 \oIc tin.illy, 
 lly impow- 
 
 h give Sii" 
 
 11 bouiui.ify 
 
 coiitoi n.iiy 
 
 |n^tncd the 
 
 IS, If/.-'/ Ut 
 
 \c niiirlKi 
 )t.s h.wc »- 
 
 an apprt- 
 IvtU on iKi" 
 Is may be 
 tcihcr with 
 
 and othci 
 iitiillancc^. 
 
 [ 9» ) 
 
 iicuninanccs, rttanhcl thi- fcttlcmi nt, nnd bcc;inu tl 
 
 ic 
 
 lubitA of Ionic iltbali-; Sir //';/, 
 
 Uiii^thfofiirj.itmfieJ us u/':n it^ as to irulu 
 
 'I'iiJTH J'J>n/ln /\is itt 
 
 «. c lis to come 
 
 Ail I 
 
 \ H now 
 
 to an a/,i\.cnicut tciiccrnin^ tf\- line, 
 br()n.!;hi to \.\ condulion, //•.• ivh'Je bftnyjully I'xpLnr. 
 { /' ^j in a laii;c alTcinbiy of our j.coplc, l>i/or<' Sir 
 
 liillirm 7 h'iiln, .inil in tlw pi tint, f kA' hij Kxccllcnc) 
 
 (lu- (.DNnin-r (^F AVu 'Jrr/i'v, (In 
 
 < '■nimiJ'y'Ufn fi oni 
 
 the pio\invt*; oT /'inwrM and Pi'tinfylvanid^ and I'lmdry 
 
 otii'i ruulfinnii l>\ 'v'lj iint Jo anind 
 
 II 
 
 po 
 
 n, .1 con 
 
 lldci able tract of country al' ng j.vtr^il provitui-^^ u hy 
 vs itJiil io hii Jaul JKiiji/iy^ which wc aiv indiu ^ to, 
 anJ .i- he) iby ratify and •r^njlrm t . hit /[nJ vijji-;l ,y i koM 
 
 a. c in 
 
 Till 1 xiTCTAT Ion <inJcos\ IP; ni r ur 
 
 ro},'/ i^o'.Jnffiy that hi' ili/I ciiALioi ^l. y COMPLY 'j.ith 
 
 pL 
 
 cut 
 
 ' HI. I. Kl- ULSTS, As IHL SAMI 
 
 AKI LX« 
 
 I'M -.1 > IN THI-. srr^CII Ol IML SI VIRAL NATI- 
 ON.., A'VJRISSl. I) TO HIS MAjr.SIY, through Sltt 
 WiLl. I AM JollNnoN, ON TirsDA V 1 in: 1 IRST HAY 
 
 OK Tur. Tkisini- mon 1 h 01 Nov r 
 
 M u I. k 1 w he rem 
 
 '.ft h, lit Did. AH LP OUR I XPrCTATlONS t/"//*/* rr///- 
 
 tuiuauit 'h his nuijtj^/s /,:-. .r, and "^ur dtjire t^ .it our 
 nm it/It t//j :grmrnts lu ohjc w/, and our affi^irs at- 
 tended to by ' -V 6/A. ' r who has the m.uujy^emcnt thereof^ 
 enabling hini o dilchargc all th. ma tci> properly for 
 our intcjcfl: That the landi aaupiid hy the Mohockt^ 
 around their villains, a^ \^ 1 as by an\ other nation 
 aftcctc»l by this our ccflion, >ui) efe.luulls remain to 
 thctuy and to their j)olUrityi and that sity engagements 
 
 regarding property, w 
 
 hich th, 
 
 ev may new be under, mav 
 
 be prorecuicd, and c>vr prejrnt grants* deemed valid 
 
 on our parts, w:th ; Jeveial uthcr huMhb requejis 
 
 i ont allied m our JaiJ JPeech : . , 
 
 •^ ^ And 
 
 Thr Isanti ikliifh the A' » \'4tiom tho maJc, and a/c /rrr alluHrrf to. 
 
 •«'' ir a« i<)!|.)w ; 
 
 IK ( 
 
 to Ml. Trent; 
 
 (t<><>Co<g< Cto^'tiaii, t- ii(; 
 
 M«.llr». Dhin, projtfuiMii vl ibr j>rM«tKff vf k'tHi)|;h«tit«, 
 
 4llU 
 
^- 
 
 Ai 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 A. 
 
 
 ,*">.%* 
 
 ,.v^ '^ 
 
 
 «/ 
 
 
 !.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 
 2.5 
 2.2 
 
 12.0 
 
 18 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.4 
 
 |l.6 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 6" — 
 
 
 ► 
 
 V] 
 
 <^ 
 
 /] 
 
 ''S 
 
 7 
 
 :>> 
 
 A.^./' 
 
 
 /^ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 2. .. itST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 ■ 
 
•' J? 
 
 . ,f. 
 
 II- 
 
 u 
 
 ^ll 
 
 V':il 
 
 "*'* 
 
 ■""«;, 
 
 [ 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 Aiul u'h.rras ;U th Iculing of l lie filJ li ic, it up- \ 
 pC.ircd th.it i'ic' !ij .!,•/,• r t hrd l'\' his vhyjcjiy^s ordii ^ was 
 
 • lot CXtt. p 
 
 •1 U) 
 
 il 
 
 IC llOl 
 
 lliw.inl of Owii'v, cr to the 
 
 foil' 
 
 I rri .It K.^nkivjA 
 
 wr 
 
 wt li.ivc aarocil to 
 
 .itul coiitmunl thr /'>:,■ to t!ic n.'rthu'.inl, on ;\ Aippoll- 
 tltiii ih.u il w.is oniitii-l, hv 1^.1(011 ot our not h.ivin.'^ 
 conic to ,iny ilcK 1 inin.iiion lonci-rnnii^ lis coiuic, <:' fhr 
 coni^rt'Ji h</J ifhorr thoufaiul It <>i'n hiinilr,:d itnd fixty- 
 ve : Alul in.iliniich as tlK lnw lo the i^oithw.ird. 
 
 / 
 
 lit. 
 
 bvcamc the molt nccolT.tiy oF anv, ior pit vi'iuiii!; en- 
 croachnants, on our \cv\ towns antl iclidcnies; and 
 ^v'c have given this line more hivoiu-ably lo Pcunf\lvii>:;a 
 for tlie realons and coniiderations meritioneil in the 
 treaty :---We have likewile continued \i foutb to thf Che- 
 rokee fiver f hecaufe the fame is, and we do declare it 
 to be our true bounds vitii the luuthern Indians, tiUiJ 
 thiit ive have an vnJouhti .i right to the e'Aintr\ as far 
 fouth as that rivcr^ luhh h via.kes oui ceilion to his ma- 
 jejiy much more advantagezus than that prof ofed : A'c-c, 
 therefore^ Know Te^ tliat we the facheiii* and ehictsa- 
 forcmcniioned, native Indians and proprietors of the 
 lands hereafter dcfcribed, for and in behalf of our- 
 felves a(id the whole of our confedcricy, i-ou thf 
 CONSIDERATION* HFRtiN bffore mentioned, and a/j« 
 for and in confideratirn of a valuable prei«nt of the fc- 
 vcral articles in ufe amongil: Intiiins, which, together 
 with a large fum of money, aniouft, in the whole, fo 
 thff fum of ten thoufand four hundred and fixty pounds, 
 fttven fbiltings ami three-pence ftirling, U us now deli- 
 vered, and paid by Sir JVilUam JfAkfin, baronet, his 
 majefty's folc agent and fupevintendant of Indian af- 
 fairt, for the northern department of America^ iirthc 
 >• name and behalf of our Sovereign Lord George the 
 Third, by the grace of God, oi Great Britain^ France 
 and Ireland^ king, defendar of tkc faith *» t&6 receipt 
 
 Wk whereof 
 
r 93 
 
 1 
 J 
 
 I li ;ic, it :ip- 
 *j ordt I , w.is 
 'V, cr to I he 
 vc agreed to 
 n a Aippoli- 
 1- not li.ivin.' 
 omic, .J' //" 
 i/ .}1]J lixt\'- 
 ; norlhw.inl, 
 cvt'nriii!', en- 
 dcntcsj and 
 PcunfyliiOriU 
 KMictl in the 
 th i'> thf Chc" 
 Jo Uitlarc it 
 
 Ilul'uP.S, iltid 
 
 'Aintr\ iii f^if 
 n to his ma- 
 fofed: A '(/".(', 
 Hid I hicts a- 
 ctuis of the 
 lalf oi our- 
 
 i OK THF 
 
 ('./, and nlj9 
 t of the fc- 
 |h, together 
 iC whole, /o 
 xty pounds^ 
 s now dc'li- 
 laronet, his 
 Indian af- 
 ica, iirthc 
 George the 
 n, France 
 he receipt 
 whereof 
 
 u'hcicof wc do hereby acknowledge; ive, the faiJ Jn- 
 dijns, hcJi-r f()r us, our heirs and AiecefTorsi, ^ranted^ 
 Inirii'initdj /;/,/, rcla/td and ccnjinncd ; and by thcfc 
 prefents, do grants hargr.in, ffliy relcafc and onjirni^ 
 unto our faid ibvercign lord king Ceor^'c* tlic Third, all 
 that tract of land fnuate in Nonh America, at the h,uk 
 cj the Britijh /t'ttliturnt Sy h'.!:!idjd b\' a lint' ivhiih lua \ 
 kivi- t!',u< ai;ri'cd upoiiy and do hereby elVablifli /jj //»<? ' 
 BoUNDAKY between us nr.d t>\- "I'ltijh < '.hnies in Ame- 
 rica; beginning at the mouth of the ChcfAce or Hogo- 
 h:ge river, where it emptier jnto the river Ohiot and 
 running from thcnte upwartls along tfic fouih lidc of 
 the laid riV||r to Kittaning^ which is above I'oKt Pitt\ 
 from thenc^ by a dirccl line to the ncareli fork of the 
 welt branch of Si/ffnehaunay thence through the ^Y/A- 
 gnny mcv.ntainSi along the foiilh lide of the faid weil 
 branch, till it comeU oppofiie to the mouth of a creek 
 cailed 'T'hidaghtc>i\ theiicc acrofs thr v.x ft branch, and 
 aloiig rhc foiitli llde of that creek, and along the north 
 hde of Burnt Ps Jlillsy to a creek called .4u'andac\ 
 thence Uonu the fime tothecart branch oi Sufrjiu-hannay 
 and acrofs the fame, and up the caft tide of that river, 
 to OiL'i'gy, L jm thence eaif to Delaware river, and 
 up that river to oppolite where Tiannder.'a falls into 
 Hufquehanna ; thence to Tianaderha, and up the weft 
 iidc thereof and the weft fide of its wtfl: branch, to the 
 the head thereof; aiid thcncoby a dire(5\ line to Cana^ ' 
 da cr<'ek, where it empties into tVocd creckf at the weft 
 end of the carryii^g place beyond Fort Stanwix and ex- 
 tending eajiward from every part of the faid linCy as fur 
 as the lands formerly furchafed, fo as to comprcheiwl 
 the whole of the lands between the faid line, and the 
 furchapd lands or fettlements, except what is within 
 the province of Pennf\ivania ; together with all the«-he- 
 reditaoients and tppurten^nces to the iamc belon||pg 
 
 or 
 
L 94 1 
 
 'I 
 
 *tl' 
 
 
 'i-'.i 
 
 or appertaining, in the fullcfl: and moH ample manne^r, 
 and all the eftate, right, title, intcrcft, propcny, pof- 
 fcflion, benefit, claim, and demand, cithfr in law or 
 equity, of each and every of us, of, in, or to the fame, 
 or any part thereof; To have and to hoLl the ivhofr JuuJs 
 and premifcs/'tT^^y granted^ hargaineJ, fold, nUafrJ^ 
 and confirmed as aforef.iidy with the hercdiiamciUh and 
 and appurtenances thereunto belonging i I'ndi.r i hr 
 
 KESEKVATIONS MADE IN THE TREATY, untO OUT 
 
 faid fovcreign lord King George the third, his heirs 
 anH fucccflbrs, to and for his and their own proper 
 ufc and behoof, for ever. In witnefs whereof, tv^, the 
 chiefs of the confederacy ^ have hereunto fet our marks 
 and feals, at Fort Stanfnx^ the fifth day of Novenjbr.r 
 one thouf«nd fevcn hundred and fixty-eight, in the 
 ninth year of his Majefty*s reign. 
 
 Signed, itulcd, anddrli") The mark of his nllion, 
 
 vcrcd m ihc pifftnc€»f j Abraham, oi "^ chief of (I,.S.) ihcMo- 
 
 'I'yahanfiera, J hmks. The (led. 
 Hendrifk, oi ^ chkf ^l-- S.) of the Tu- 
 Saqutrifera, J iraroras. Thr ftonc. 
 „ . 1 r f chief (1.. S.) of the O- 
 
 • (^ neidas. The crols. • 
 
 Hunt, or Che- ■) chief (L. S.) ofth«0- 
 naughcnta, j iiondaga«. Tlie mountain 
 ,», f chief (I.. S.) of the Ca>u- 
 
 ^''"'"•i gas. The pipe. 
 r, n r chief (!-• ii.) of the Sene- 
 
 Gauflar.x.| ,„. Vhe high hill. 
 
 Wm. Franklin, govennr 
 
 o/JNVw Jfjey. 
 rredctJck Smyth, ch'uf juf- 
 
 tire of Nevf Jcrfry. 
 Thomas Walker, cammiip- 
 OKcr for Virginia. 
 
 reftht 
 Richard Peters, J ctuneil 
 Jjifleililghman, J offnn- 
 
 At a Congrefs held at Fort Stan-wii with the fcveral 
 
 Nations of Indians^ SaturHay, Noveoi^r the 5th, 1 768, 
 
 Prefent, as at the ki/f Meeting. 
 
 j The deed to his Alajejfy, one to^A^ Proprietors c/^ 
 
 V'. Pennfytvania, 2nd*the one to the Traders, being then 
 
 laid on the table, wHre executed tn iht prefence of the 
 
 Governor ofNcw Jcrfcy, Hic, Commijioners, of Virginia 
 
 ^■> -'-U.'fd *.. and 
 
 ,'-'«■ 
 
 rmfmrfir Kirrrni*, tnd (he %toc pcribai is M(b«^, Wm» «Nm wltiiefl^ 
 to lU above 4ec4 to t|>e Xiiy «0d Uteoac t!B m prafniflvn of JM^M. 
 
 
ample mannc*r, 
 
 property, pof- 
 
 either in law or 
 
 or to the (amc, 
 
 the whole Linds 
 
 fold^ rcltaffd^ 
 
 cdiiamcms and 
 
 I'NDI R I HR 
 
 rv, unto our 
 i''d» Ills heirs 
 ir own proper 
 LTcof, -we^ the 
 et our marks 
 of Novenibrr 
 eight, in the 
 
 f 95 ] 
 
 k i)f his luRion, 
 (I'S.) the Mo- 
 'I'lic (led. 
 •S.) ofthcTu- 
 »• The (tone. 
 i"S.) otthcO- 
 . The crofs. 1 
 1' S) ofth«0- 
 »*. The mountain 
 ) of the Ca>u- 
 
 '/'•• .- '/A. which wa, ;, ' , "^^ °f "ch na,iorrccl'"; 
 
 . A... c.,,.,^, /wi ;,; 'V""^""'" of .he'd ' " 
 
 -w^r*;: rur '■"•--St ^f;-". 
 
 •• fore hU '""""' 'o him I ?" " "ffion. 
 
 lore his counti of err,, ' ^•'^ '^'J them k 
 
 " rnm..i- " at heart U^ i. ^f* ^ntere/l s 
 
 •• r.f".";; "J" '"' <■-. "a„',-- " '"w. if 
 
 . ^. ^^ *" «noT» i, ^ 
 
 The ,l,-j . . .- " 
 
 STaf 
 
 f 
 
 :% -' 
 
 % 
 
"t I 
 
 I...: ■■ -I.'), 
 
 .'^il ^i 
 
 iS 
 
 :1 i 
 
 I 
 
 ,1 :' 
 
 'i i 
 
 ' i i ' 
 
 r i 
 
 
 
 ' '■ 'i' 
 
 ■ ■ 1* i 
 
 ! !' , 
 
 ';■•■'! 
 '4 '.i 
 
 j-*^ ■' 
 
 
 i 
 
 ■''1 ' 
 
 f Qf' 1 
 
 (C 
 
 << 
 
 (( 
 n 
 
 €1 
 <( 
 (C 
 
 was cxrriitrd in .i public mcdinq of tlu- qnMf< f> n„,r,- 
 •♦ Wv oi ImLuKSj that has cvfr biiii afTnuUKJ, wiiliin 
 '* th- tirnc ot our renu-inbrancc, aiul tliat all who lud 
 **' any |)i\ tcuiions ucrc ihily fuminoncil to it." 
 To \vhi( li thf Six X.^tio^s .lurwcrdtl ; 
 *' lirotlici- dorjyh li'j r; jii^hiv.iifj-yy 
 AVc lie now met togtihcr in iull tountil, to an- 
 (wcr you coiicirniijq wiiat you hill (pokf to us, a- 
 bout tlic A. '/•;,''/ h.ivi>ni rcuiiwi ')ur drt-if^ atui the 
 ;■/■ .^\J: ii^s ,;.^ t'.rt Sf.mv.-.'Xy vjitl: his ratification oj 
 //./.< .'.V, with whii !i wc arc iiiL;IiIy i)lcalcJ. Wlion 
 v.. Uici yoii It) It) rrtMi .1 iuuuh.r, in fo puhlick a 
 manner at l-'orl Stunvjix, \:e Ihzitld hjrdls f^'ivc u^UJ 
 as ire' duly unlifj rr.e /<uil rccn foljt'lj'nl ,f a full 
 " RK;nT so TO DO. AVc now dclirc that you may 
 ** afl'urc the Kifn;^ that it v.'ns cur /^r^/rrfy -a-t' ;u/ily 
 ** difpoi'Lil of", and faat wc hail lull authority io 
 «« to do." 
 
 CoUNsr.I.l.pK 1)^GGJ. ofLoNiK)N, his >; ////c//; OU liiC 
 li:i!iii:i iii\ii:i oi j-.ands to Jl'illiam Trent and others. 
 
 T^IIE writers on jurilprudcncc ayrce in i lie propor- 
 tion, " That rhe original right to all kinds of pro- 
 ** perty arolc horn /r* s* r ?//><? ;uv, and that in a ftate of 
 ** nature every one miqht polUrs hinifelt* of, and rc- 
 *' tuia any vacant fubje(iL" The full occupant had a 
 rigiu TO grant, cede or transfer the fuhje^Jt, he had 
 polkfle^ himfelf of, to fuch perfons, a»\d upon I'uch 
 terms, as he thought proper; and if before fuch grant, 
 ceiTion or transfer, the occupant died, his property 
 defcended to his children. The right of tranfmitting 
 property always relided in the owner, and civil inflilu- 
 tions only prcfeiibed the mode of carrying that-right 
 into cliccl. In that period of fociety, when countries 
 were formed, aud their boundaries fixed, we find that 
 
 different 
 
[ 97 J 
 
 tc(\ iHiin- 
 
 .1, within 
 
 who li.id 
 
 il, to An- 
 [o us, :i- 
 ', am/ the 
 fie lit ion oj 
 . \V1kmi 
 piiMick a 
 'live uHiJ 
 
 a r u 1. L 
 you may 
 
 we jujily 
 Uority io 
 
 'jn ou the 
 111 others. 
 
 propo il- 
 ls of pro- 
 la ft ate of 
 and rc- 
 \\i had X 
 he had 
 |on luch 
 |h grant, 
 )ropf rty 
 fmitllng 
 linftilu- 
 it right 
 mnirics 
 Ind that 
 IfFcrcin 
 
 difT-rcul diftriAs were ajjpropriared to the native o'.vn 
 trs, the lu ft occupants, or in cafe of vacant, ordcK- 
 \\i\ lands, to the hi It difcovcrcrs. From thtfc ori ^iiul 
 proprietors, caeh country was tranfniiitcd to otli^r -jro- 
 prictors, by the coiifent, oi by the conqutft of the 
 prcftnt owrurs. 
 
 Ill il>c call und(.r confitli ration, I am of opinion. 
 
 that ilic In.a.ins of tiic Six \',itic)is ai 
 
 )ear to hi 
 
 linens appear to aavc- L>ccn 
 entitled to tlu lands In qucftion from preocct^Mncv, or 
 from cotujurft; but however their right accrued, ihey 
 are acknowledged, in exprefs words by rhe deed of 
 refli»)n to the cr()>s ii, m.ule at Vort Stanivi.Xf Novem- 
 ber 5th, 176S\ /'v fMi'c lu'cn at that time " i\\c trua 
 ** anJ .ihfjiutc j-r jf^riefnrs ofj^he hinds in (^uejiijn :^ and 
 To iJiey Were alio acknowUdred ro he in the publiek 
 ncgociations bitwe n EngiiinJ and France^ in the year 
 fsC, '\J^^\ I ' ."lilo, as is frated ii\ the eafe, fcvcral 
 treaties of pc ice, and commerce enrrred into with par- 
 ticufar nation:^, or tribes of IndidnSy by the Englilh 
 nation, confider and irt.u the nati\es, or occupiers, as 
 the lawful polleliljrs, and owntis of the countries they 
 refpcwtively occupy. ^ ■ < . .: " . .j^ , ,v ■♦ 
 
 The deed of cefllon to the crown, on the 5th of No- 
 vember, I7^>8, was made in confideratlon of 10460/. 
 7 J. jrA ftcrling, then paid to the Six United Nntipns^ 
 and for other confiderations mentioned and exprcflVd 
 II in that deed, and the treaties previous and preparatoiy 
 to it. This deed o^ cdTion, the conveyance to Mr. 
 Trentf and the trr.uiis in 1765 and 1768, muft be 
 confidcred together, as they all tend ^o fllnftrate the 
 whole tranlUiflion, an ! explain the intention 
 contracting parties: And taking the whole un 
 fideration, it appears, that the Six United Nat 
 truly fenfible of the great lofs the traders had fuftained 
 by the treachery and depredations oi ibmc of their tri- 
 
 »' 
 
 i ' 
 
 \ of. the 
 
 «*! 
 
 ider con- 
 
 t • 
 
 ions were 
 
 » 
 
 N 
 
 biitiry 
 
> ' ■ ■ ! 
 
 *'i "1 
 
 "liiir 
 
 .11 
 
 ^Y 
 
 :^\ 
 
 ' \' 
 
 I" 
 
 .*^ 
 
 \ >)^ 1 
 
 l>ut.iry or lUpcihl.iiii tribi-,-, th..i .\ r v|iiit*ti(»ii w.is rn:.tr 
 l(» ilu A.^x [ >;./t.I J\.il, J in iM.ty, I7^;, tor :i gr.in 
 ot l.r.iil, l>y \\ Ay (.It I (>ra,vi»l.iii;i", in Ioiik tiK.iliiri fo 
 tin- il.iiii.i V 1 tlu ti .u!i is li.ivl r.ifi.iii.' J, in' (In iIl jMiihi 
 tioiii ol tlnir ilij) lul 111 Df ti i'uit.ii V /•;.';,/'' 1 , tli.n iIk 
 .S.'\ Ati/;'y;j/, .ttV r Jtlibi'iMlUi;', iiivi' i!k .''.((m'Miv, t!it y 
 \\fJ\tii tin:, ii ijuilltiDii w.i, in.nlr, to tiu' Mliof \i.i^,t!uy 
 .iiV^cnl /6../ t/ic ;, /.../' :/'//\- //.-..'r.'-.r /'■:///./ / c- i .^nptiid 
 "..•iihy mil /''(V ".<-■- .v.'.' :v. .".•.' t'-iU! /''■.•(■/./•;»/.( ;;<Mr F'>f 
 
 
 > ';<7 . tli.'.f .u iIk C'(M. Mch .uuI Itl.mv l.i No\in;bcr, 
 1 7f^^^\ 'i>-''«! -It loit .S />;•.;: .'V, |l;.A'!i. '., ,i i.i S.ithcni' 
 <'l the A/ V r '///(./ A'.i//.;;.! .ii'.iin took iHis m.au r uiuli i 
 their coniuk' ration, anJ upon ii\. lirft il.iv of fl\;u 
 month cxprt'lUy ihclainl, ili.it " in oi Jo- to \\u w th.ir 
 they Unc iunicc, they txp.i'u'i.1 that the ti.iilcrs who 
 iuflVjtd by loiTif oi ihcii Jcp. lul.ints in tin w.u \\\\ 
 yc;irs lincc, uiii;ht \\a\\ a grant (or the lamls they 
 *' thi.M gA\c tl\tm ilown ChiOy as a lUtlsfaclion fui 
 •' their h)ires." 
 
 On the 31I day of the l.une month ot NovcnU)er, ilu 
 Six Nations^ by their Saelieins uiid Chiefs, executed 
 the conveyance to Mr, Trcnty which proceeds iiuon a 
 recital, that he had been inipowered tiyieNeral letter;? 
 ot attorney from the hitlerinij traders named in the laid 
 deed, to alk, lolicit, demand and receive fron> the Six 
 Nations a grant of a tra^^i of land, as a fatisfa^tion, 
 compenfation and retributioil*for the goods, merchan- 
 dize and etlecks of the iaid ll'ilUiim Trcnt^ and of the 
 feveral traders, which the faid i/jdilwr/i', DcLiware and 
 Huron tribes, tributaries of the faid .Six iK'aticnSy (con- 
 tral'v to all good faith, and in violation of thgir repeat- 
 ed promifes of fafety and proic<51ion to the traders, their 
 fervants and ellecU, while trading in their country) did 
 violently feize upon, and unjuiily appropriate to their 
 own ufe. . ,^, . ^ 
 
 y - . - A The 
 
 
 [\ 
 
' >» K)r a [;rnn. 
 
 '"> I IK.. I lure for 
 
 ''•■'•". rlni t!„ 
 •''^'Miy, r!i,y 
 ''"'^' •■Vi.iy,tluy 
 
 •'"''/f z/^'./r ^',7 
 '•" ^•'"\imlKT, 
 
 ^ '"■•nil- nruld 
 
 ! (o IIk u- th.ir 
 ^ "uitrs who 
 
 ' ^'ll' W.li (^vc 
 
 '><■ la.uls tlnj 
 tiiiiaction foi 
 
 o/ A, 
 
 riic (J. 
 
 •cj 1 1 
 
 ( 99 I 
 
 >,' . 
 
 ifn 
 
 <> t 6 
 
 •"^<(.nfs, ti 
 
 "^ i'oU, ,) 
 
 ' ■• «. I 
 
 '•" '" « onfi.j 
 
 .11 
 
 fi 
 
 '"«■'* /i.in.l 
 
 '<-• '-inic ly 
 
 lu-ful 
 
 '*•'" f'K- t,,,J 
 
 ''^'•'> wli.J 
 
 '^■"■•« the an 
 
 " '^''O Oi (I, 
 
 I'Mtion of il 
 
 )c 
 
 ^*>uiir ,,f ,1 
 
 •^^ l>''oviiic, 
 
 •I ((Mini 
 
 ••niLi 
 
 I «'ll O.I 
 
 '"^ ''^ :'<orc/:u\l 
 
 ^^^^;VU„iuliiy,Vi,^.^, 
 
 J(. (Jl 
 
 til .((III .,ij 
 
 Wl 
 
 >c go 
 
 ' tak 
 
 Oils 
 
 aru 
 
 "■"ia(i,„)j,.,^| , 
 
 '^'^"^ jn/laiu! f 
 
 iiir 
 
 \Vclc 1 1 
 
 to (I 
 
 ^'' ^'V///,,„; -^^J^ 
 
 '"" '^^'i!''! aaif il 
 
 "^">» ai.'cJ whic' 
 
 '^^^' I>'-ocfucaf. 
 
 ''^■', att/ 
 
 ■J'iu- C, 
 
 111 <■; 
 
 //. 
 
 AM , 
 
 for fl; 
 
 '^"/Ofi. 
 
 ul ,S,,, I 
 
 in'/jt.d whh a 
 
 irii 
 
 a; 
 
 U'ni 
 
 
 ''' '•*'^' M)n/,M 
 
 s o 
 
 inns 
 
 ;j > 
 
 V7';//c, his / 
 
 J id 
 
 <.l-.tf|(),,v 
 
 ' ''" <aij .V..V / 
 
 ijivc- 
 
 and 
 
 Jf iiiiVl 
 
 '^■'f'J A;/. 
 
 '" coin],} 
 
 in J 
 
 Kii 
 
 V:'^^^_"Ma,uldcri 
 
 'i^'fy, i,is J 
 
 
 •"^'' '^"•g^''na.,d/.J| 
 
 urs, f 
 
 'I ' ation 
 
 iiiau 
 
 o 
 
 »^" ''uM //v//. 
 
 'nd ior ,1 
 
 )e 
 
 ./;/ '/•/■ 
 
 l>is M 
 
 t] 
 
 ^^' or) 
 
 /, 
 
 'y 11/; 
 
 rc>!/. 
 
 hh h 
 alK c 
 
 "lanu 
 
 in / 
 
 Uii- 
 
 » '>' Iklif 
 lis 
 
 
 ind / 
 
 'uyai 
 
 llCCcii 
 
 ^> to hold 
 
 and hih 
 
 ors. 
 
 b 
 
 unto 
 
 leir 
 
 iiu 
 
 J a/I 
 
 ;:^^" 'h\ln. and 
 
 "'^^ '>f" the iiiid 
 
 ^'^ to and f 
 
 or 
 
 '^■^"i=> 'o have- I 
 t'l in f/ 
 
 '^','is ioi- cv 
 
 as atti 
 
 /////; 
 
 ^.//^ 
 
 )(-«.]: 
 
 
 ""^■y •l<oiviaid. 
 
 'I ill f/ic t»,.,,r ^ '"^ n 
 
 v;;;/i/5 
 
 the C 
 
 v//;/.7 
 
 ' •'^"^' ''^\or.dot|, 
 
 oners fVom / 
 
 convey- 
 
 J»uhiitJc 
 
 'Over nor of 
 
 ""«'-<-^''^", and arrefted 
 
 •^.'■''"^•^•, whit] 
 
 i'i'nl 
 On t] 
 
 by ti 
 
 tl 
 
 '■'' ]"-i''ons wh 
 
 ''.^"'■'^/.^ arid 
 
 le c 
 
 xccu 
 
 " -tttcnded 
 
 tmnity and Cm^ 
 
 '-'' '"^'-^ns, received 
 
 ''"" o^' this con. 
 
 ion. 
 
 '"■' j^h <hty Of the /^i 
 
 ^' ^very decree 
 
 lO 
 
 J^^«» the raid Chief. 
 
 f cefl 
 'ipon the 
 
 fwhicj 
 h'^ the orii 
 
 ^"d .Sach 
 
 '"«^ nionth of ^^ 
 
 •"" ;o J,i. Maje/ry, of 
 nt' river OA:. , . . 
 
 Jn tills dce(i' 
 
 ^•ms cxerntcd ti 
 •gt.' trae^t of 
 
 ovemhci 
 
 a i 
 
 u 
 
 5cir deed 
 country 
 
 o^' ce/]Jon the 7,;^, 
 
 ovenXr'''h '"\'''^'''"^''^ '" ^^^' nii„utes of p"' """^^ 
 ,_ ^'\ sth, v.i^ere the trad.... .. ?."^ ^"".^'-cfs 
 
 cr 
 
 liiat ti 
 '^n the 
 
 Preft'tjf 
 
 I'f'^nts, 
 
 ^^''^"^^tiu^nmadeJ^^rryT'"''^"^^ 
 
 W 
 
I 
 
 ICO 
 
 ] 
 
 l»' ' 
 
 ■t 
 
 lij 
 
 
 'i 
 
 ' .1 '' . ' 
 
 r ■ 
 
 i| 
 
 '41 
 
 I r ' , 
 
 
 Jr 
 
 ■, a 3 
 
 Vitiui en tJ-nr j^.uf^'^ and tluy convey to the King, 
 ii'»t only in t (.Milil, I atioii o! tlic pnlcni iluii ni.idc, 
 
 a cl 
 
 K' ruDn, 
 
 L 10460; 
 in tl»«. d ccl 
 
 >' 
 
 tl 
 
 icn 
 
 .1 
 
 I'.iin y Ui^ Kiiiu, auioiuitin^.; to 
 • I .>» tor tl'c mlur i onlltLi aiioiu 
 
 )i I. nicin ion. 
 
 .liH 
 
 I'- //. 
 
 ./ 
 
 tac Kin^^, lii.^ iu'i'S .ukI Inv-t T*" 
 A 1 U)N M ADi: IN in r. \ h 
 Cl Hion to tlic IC!n.' vi.ri-.i, i^ 
 to Mr. Ttcnt. 
 
 i;.j ii.s 
 
 /('- ' tlum IS to 
 / ihi' Kr.SLRV- 
 . h.ii il\c deed of 
 he cuiiVcyaiKc 
 
 I't'on ilu- \vli.>l*' I .un (.1 >)|'iMii»n, tli.ii Mr. Trent, 
 
 In lis .)\v n ii:,in, .nul .is .itiorncv tor tht tr:ul 
 
 I rs, 
 
 hath 
 
 iJ r/y^J, l.iv.Jul d):J Jtijficifin /;//r to the l.iml gr.intnl 
 hy t!ic r.iitl died and tonvcy incf, fiibjtcl only to the 
 Knii',';. lovtr.ignty over the lutlcnuiUi to be titablifhcd 
 thw-reon, and otcr the inh»ibiiHnis, as y-u^lijh lUbjte^a. 
 
 Henry Dn^ge. 
 Lincchi^s If.}jy March io, 1775. 
 
 Sc/jiu.:t ('fyHf the late Ri coKDKR c/ t/w city j/ I.cn- 
 
 <yi//'j Opinion. 
 
 I Entirely conriir with Mr. Dagge in l\is opinion, on 
 
 tliis calc. The property of the foil cor.\fyed to 
 
 Mr. Trent y for himklf and as attorney, was certainly 
 
 ill the Six A'titio:is,' ind as incident to that property, 
 
 they had a power of alicr^ating and transfeiring, in any 
 
 manner, or to any perfons, unle/'s the\ had been re - 
 
 /i rained h thtir cxvn laws. In this cafe, the fuprenie 
 
 power of tlie country rtfidcd in the i'ellcrs, who had 
 
 therefore an (ihfclute poiver of alienating; and the 
 
 tranfacPiion being fair and open, and for the exprefi 
 
 pnrpofc of doing an a<fl of public jullice, mull bind the 
 
 Six Nations in good faith. If wc fvppofe, that the 
 
 fovercignty of the land ftill remains in the Six Nationsy 
 
 the property of the foil mt/Ji be in the grantee^ Mr. 
 
 Trentf and cannct^ without -violence^ an^ injufiice^ he 
 
 . ^ • . taken 
 
 #1 
 
 
[ 101 ] ■ 
 
 i.iken fi Qin hjm. The very av^, however, ot ihc fovc- 
 icign jumvlf of the Six Aatiom admits a capacity in 
 the i^iantce, to t.iki uiulcr the iLcd accoi iling to their 
 laws or ul'.ii'.ej .;//./ tht'fi is no /.i-u', t/ut J cvvr heard 
 cf\ thdt tfji rains the fuhjects of I In- cro^vn of En^ldnd 
 from pur ihjfii.^ in fQrtign dominions. Tlie intention of 
 il)f parties here appe.trs to h.ivu hccn to transfer the 
 fuvcrei<Muy to the crown of EngUndt by the i'.ime in- 
 Ihanient \vherel)y the latiU was conveyed. This tranf- 
 fer of the lovereignty is ellc(Jli!.il j it palFv-'d, and is con- 
 llrmi J by the deed of cellion to the i rown, dated two 
 d lys after j but fubjeet however to all the antecedent 
 riglits of property i the crown being entitled oni^' to the 
 immediate property of vacant and un.ippropriatcd 
 lands; but in this e.ife, the lands are abandoned by the 
 proprietors, and conveyed to the i;rantee- If the 
 crown had an original fovcreignty, flill the foil being 
 the property or the S/.v Ndtionsy they, and <heir alienee, 
 
 rit\< of I.lK' H Ihoidd be prolccli'd by liiat fovereii^nty in their pr 
 
 o 
 
 pv.iiy. If the crown iicipiired the lovereignty by the 
 !M .int to Mr. Ttcnt. or bv the deed of ccfiion, the title 
 o'c the granue is then under the protection of the law? 
 oi F.mrl.ind. 
 
 Upon the whole I am of opinion, that in every wav 
 of confidcring this cafe, the gratit to Mr. Trent ii good , 
 lufjicient and laivfit! ; and ib under the proie^fion of 
 
 the laws of Enghwd. 
 
 SrRjLANi's Inn, April 13, 1775, 
 
 J'jhii Glyni: 
 
 ■>'i i 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 The ingenious Dr. Benjamin Franklin^s Opinion, 
 AVING long fince carefully fbudicd thefe points, 
 I concur fully with Counlellor Z)rt^^^r and Serjeant 
 6'/J72, in their opinions as above delivered. ■ ,. 
 
 • Ji. Frankiifi, 
 Philadelphia, July izih, 1775- r. .v''<; % W" ' 
 
 _i 
 
 • ■^'. 
 
 •'*. 
 
 % 
 
 r ' 
 
 r?=^^ 
 
 
Ml! ' 
 
 1^ 
 
 I 
 
 n \ 
 
 f. ^02 ] 
 
 //r; Excellency Patrii k Hmry^ late (^nifrnor if I 
 
 ir^! 
 
 tita s 
 
 o, 
 
 Mmon. 
 
 1711 OM priticiph'Sy ivhich iippf,\r tomt Trt\ cUdr^ I 
 
 concur in thi- above opinihis. P. Hfnr\^ inn. 
 
 Philatlclphia, July :9tl\, 1775. 
 
 0» J 
 
 The opinion 0/ Edmund Pendleton Efqitirc formerly //>r.i( - 
 tr of thchoiifc of ilcligiffs cfCir^inittanJ oneof its rc- 
 pvcftMUativcs in the Coiigrcfs of the L^nttcd StiitcSy 
 ami at prcfent, one of i\\i: judi^cs of the high court 
 of appeal for thAt Ht.ife. 
 T Was always of opinion, that .1 purcliafc of lauiU' 
 made by a liritijb fuhject of tiic liiJi.im ^vlthont 
 the faniftion ofgow rnnient, waswhullyinelVectual topafs 
 a title; mil hid Cjlone! Cr^^hans pure liafe from tl»e 
 Six Natictis of lands on the Ohi^Am\ iis l^ranchcs, ftood 
 upon that ground only, I Hiould have thought, he ae- 
 <]uii-ed no tide thereby i but wlien jn //•» trrtit\ at Fort 
 Stanwix^ for a cellion of fonic JnJi.in lands to the 
 crovHy inrluding thole they had eontraftcd to fell to 
 Colonel CroghjUf the Indians tlileloled that contra«^t, 
 aiu! inhiled on a re/'ervati->n ofihatluul, t'^whieb the 
 commijji'.nirs for the crown ccnfentcd^ and were witnef- 
 fes to a deed which the Chiefs thqn executed ior con- 
 veying the title to the Kini\f'r his*ufey this made it a 
 government tranficiionf and gave Air. Croghan a iiood 
 title to the land againji the cro'wny i^ whom the title of 
 vacant lands was then fnppofcd to be, and from whom 
 all land titles were to be derived to the members of the 
 community, and of courfe agaxufi the community them- 
 f elves. 
 
 1 am therefore of opinion, that the title of 'C§lonet 
 Croghan, or thofc claiming under him, cannot be im- 
 peached, without efliihlifbing principles, \uhich mufi de~ 
 firoy every ether grant from the crown, under the former 
 conjlitution. ' , Edmund Pendleton. 
 
 Virginia, July ly, 1777. 
 
 '* 
 
 The 
 
 /*'il"tt:'> 
 
u)t jun. 
 
 om'2/ its rc- 
 
 high court 
 
 L" of l.uuU' 
 
 '■'}( without 
 
 ctualtop.ifs 
 
 c from llji: 
 
 dies, i\aod 
 
 ght, he a( - 
 
 tity at Fort 
 
 luls to ihc 
 
 1 to fell l(» 
 
 contr.i«^t, 
 
 '/ whit If tit. 
 
 \'c witncf- 
 
 1 ior con- 
 
 mailc It a 
 
 han a y^ood 
 
 t]»e title of 
 
 oni whom 
 
 CIS of the 
 
 nity them' 
 
 I of'C§lonct 
 \nci hi im- 
 
 \) muji dc~ 
 \ht former 
 idlit^n. 
 
 The 
 
 I 
 
 //«• C^imon r,f J.uihs Alfrnry Ffi|i a Coiuiftllor At 
 Law in I'irginiii, and one of tlie iatc Di/iy^utts in 
 C:ni^n'fi, for that State. 
 I JPOX lonlkleraiion of the deed t)f coniirmatloii of 
 the .|th of No\tinber, 1768, from .V/';-.//'.rv», Ty~ 
 iihanartfira and otlieis, lix Chiefs of the Six Aaticns, 
 to Colonel O'loriu Cronhaiu for three tradh of Ian ' on 
 I\7onotigihc lii and 6/;/6, and confideiino the lircuin- 
 ftantis attending of making futh a iU<d, to wit, that 
 it wRs made at a publie treaty at Fcrt Stanwixy in pre- 
 fcncc c/ the Ccmviif/icncrs of the Ci'jwn^ who attend- 
 ed the execution of the deed, and approved the fame, 
 that the Chiefs did, by a /iz/^: publlclcly delivered to the 
 laid CcHuuriflloners, dechire, that the vljolc of that 
 treaty liiould be eonfidered as void, unlcfs his Majt rty 
 
 did conlirm ihtir deed to Colon'l Croghan^ 1 am 
 
 clearly of opinion, that ColoMel Croyhan has ay un- 
 dcubtt'J titli' to the lands eontained In the deed aforc- 
 faidi picvidcd thiy lu in I iryinui ; — and my opinion is* 
 founded on principles, whitii differ this cafe from the { 
 cafe of Mr. Hendtrfon and others, which are now com- \ 
 bited by this State. ^ 
 
 // is ackiiQVjUJgedon a U hands ^ that Indians by their 
 Chiefs have a power to fell, and convey their lands, 
 ;iccordingly government has heretofore uniformly trea- 
 ted with Indian Cntefs for the purchaje of the lands of 
 their nation, and have purchafed ami accepted deeds for 
 the fame. The policy of government has however difputcd 
 the right of individuals accepting grants from Indians, 
 the legality of this principle, or its policy need not 
 however be now coniidei^d, as 1 conlider CoIoneiCrog- 
 han^s deed from the fa£ls above ftated, free of any ob- 
 jc^ion that can arife irom either; for this deed being 
 made to his Majefty his heirs and fucceiTors, there is 
 no doubt, but there is a grantee capable of accepting, 
 
 and 
 
 i 
 
 
 # 
 
 iil 
 
 \:'." 
 
'i- 
 
 r 
 
 
 «n 
 
 
 
 
 i I 
 
 I'M 
 
 ii! 
 
 !! ' .H 
 
 l.'tif' ''! 
 
 rt> ',. lit 
 
 [ 1 04 J 
 
 .ukI its being nr\Ac ;\t .1 i)ul^ric luaty villi ilic knoTV- 
 Kiloe, iiul iinprob.itioii oi the cominifllvjntrs in whom 
 the crown w.is npii Icntcd, any objection from policy 
 mull tail, however thib Jc« il lias flill lurtlur lupport 
 from the act ot lii^^ Majcfty. Its (outcnts were reported 
 amoni' tlie oilur r-roc Cellini's oi the treaty, and the 
 tiilk atorcmciitioncd alfo, by which the whole treatv 
 was to Ik ikuixd 2<oiil^ imlels his Majefiy did confirm 
 //•/f tl'.tJ.i 1''^ IMajefiy approved the treaty, and pro- 
 mikvl t>) I oin.ily w itli it; lurtly then this deed, as part 
 11 ..-J ( . jh u:, .!, liowc vei 1 ihj not conlichr an exprci*^ 
 en;V.i;'<. nu ni ot hii Maicl'tv to lullil this dceil, ^isnrcrl- 
 fny .': /'f { f^val — lor as he knew ot the deed, and ilu 
 conditions annexed, un'els his Majeliy from, fome pub- 
 lic a*n otnotorieiy, iHjiipprcvcJ the trccityy imd deed, 
 I am ot opinion he thereby contented to confirm the 
 deed, and hold I'u laitds therein deferihed, in tritjl 
 for Cclop.^l Cro^h.in iiaon/i/iLi to the tcrnu of the dc-cd. 
 
 James ALiCtr 
 July 2 2d, 1779. 
 
 On the 2jth of July, I 77(^, Colonel Cf-^r/^r /Jfor- 
 gan received a limimons to attend John Harvy^ Charla 
 Stmnify Jama Hood and .Ihrahiim Hite^ Efqrs. Com- 
 miflioners appointed- by the Convention ot I irgiyiia^ to 
 attend them at Pittjlntrgh^ the 2d of September fol- 
 io -vLng. Thefc Commiflioners were authorized to col- 
 ledt, and commit to writing, evidence in behalf of the 
 ftatc of Virginiay agaijjjtl the leveral perfons claimirq 
 l^nds within its fuppefcd territory and limits, under 
 deeds and purchafes from ll>e Indians. 
 
 On the I ft of 0«^ober, 1776, the Propr'riors of, 
 Indinna (or the traders grant) tranfmitied the follow- 
 ing memorial to the Honfe of Delep^aies o^ Firginiai 
 
 •V .« ' • T ■ ♦, 
 
 •i;tl ' 
 
 I ! 
 
 ••"*-, 
 
 \-.i'-. 
 
 
 
 "li^vv 
 
 
 , .-■.•flK--v4 , 
 
 - < 
 
 n 
 
 \ 
 
51,,' ^-. 
 
 f '^5 ] 
 
 The Memorial of the ^ Aflcmbly met. . 
 
 or tuf rroprictort of a traifV r.r i« i 
 the ^yj/o. caiu.i / J Of land on*^ 
 
 •n/" of protcftioo to the p"2,° f""'" "'^'•«' P™' ^ ■• 
 of fuch trade,,, a, ftouU f , * ^"'""' "«' «««• 
 
 fuftaioed by the dl'or^rt • "P""""" "f 'he damage, 
 
 > treaty held at Fort sZ^L^ f "S"""":. at 
 *onnde™ticnofthefumofr8c^.r^'""'7«8. '« • 
 of«he value of the dara.eff!ffr.' 'T «•"»««"»>« 
 «oft .utheatic documen f^ele t;;"'"^ ^' '^^k *« ^ 
 "ce of them allowed .od J. P™'*""''. and th« juf- 
 
 ^jy.he faid .^ :.:!)w42^,rthf.'^ •''r-'"*-- 
 
 °;rvi"' pwpri«or, .«« of; Lt '™' *f*^^^ 
 
 v^ 
 
 T^x: 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■IM^y 
 
 
 
 %■ 
 

 . 'J 
 
 > I 
 
 "i ! 
 
 lr:i;f 
 
 ■i\ 
 
 its 
 
 l-l 
 
 A'M 
 
 I io6 1 
 
 thtTicc along the l.aurtl l/i//, muil it firikes the rlvci 
 M'iii:ngehcLi . ihcncc down the ft ream ot the faicl river 
 /^hnaii^chtltiy accoi\lini; to tin. fcvcral com lis thereof, 
 to the loiuhcrn bouiularv line of the province o( Pcuu- 
 fylvanlu ,• thenee wcllerly along the 00X11!"' of the faicl 
 provnicc boiindary line, as tar as the Tanie ihall ex- 
 tent!, and from thence by the !'amc courfc to the river 
 Chio, thence down the laid river (5^ii?, according to 
 iho fcvcral eourfcs therc<?f, to the place of beginning. 
 
 That the laid giant \v.;s obtained, after mature con- 
 fideration of the grantors, nndtr the immediate fuper- 
 In tendance of iiir ll'illidm 'j'.hnjjn^ and executed ni the 
 prcllncc of the Governor of Nc'v Jerfey^ and others, 
 among whom was the Commijficnttr then attending 
 the general treaty, in behalf of the colony of r;>^//;i«7. 
 AH which will appear manifeil: by a reference to a copy 
 of the deed annexed to this racmorial. 
 
 That your MemorialilU having thefe fae^h before 
 them, could not obferve but with concern, that the 
 convention of Virginia had, by their rclolvc of the 
 24th of June lalf, laid 11 foundation for calling in 
 qucftion, among others, the validity of the title of 
 your metnorialifts to the lands To fairly, antl with lb 
 much jufticc, granted to them, and for obftrudling 
 them in the fale and difpofition of their own property. 
 
 Firfb. Becaufc the retribution made to your memo- 
 rialifts was made in the molt public and lolemn man- 
 ner, and could or ought not to have been a matter 
 iinknpwn to the convention. 
 
 Secondly. Becaufe it originated not only in the firm- 
 eft principles of juftice, cftabliflicd by the laws of na- 
 ture and nations, but in the foundelt policy* 
 
 Thirdly. Bccaufe it had been made by the perfons, 
 who have been acknowledged in all public and general 
 treaties, and truly were, at the tirfic of the grant, the 
 
 folc 
 
:s the rivci 
 \c faicl liver 
 fcs thereof, 
 cc (^f Pent:- 
 of the faid 
 le ihall ex- 
 
 to the ri\ci 
 cconling to 
 " beginning, 
 niiiture con- 
 JiAtc Tupcr- 
 cutci-l m the 
 
 .\nd others, 
 n aticndint! 
 
 of f''r<j//;i.7. 
 ice to a copy 
 
 facts before 
 
 n, that the 
 
 Volvc of the 
 
 calling in 
 
 he title of 
 
 and with fo 
 
 obflrufting 
 
 n property. 
 
 ur memo- 
 
 lemn man- 
 
 n a matter 
 
 in the firm- 
 laws of Da- 
 le perfons, 
 Ind genera) 
 [grant, the 
 folc 
 
 L 107 3 
 
 folc owners and proprietors of the lands granted, and 
 of confequence having full right to grant the fame.--- 
 And— 
 
 Fourthly. Becaufe at the limc of the grant, there 
 was no fublilhng ftatute, law or ordinance whailbcver, 
 prohibiting perfons fron\ accepting a grant of land 
 from the natives. 
 
 And yet, if afier what has been OiTered, the title 
 of your inomorialiAs ihould notwithlhmding, at any 
 future lime, be called into dikulhon, conlcious of the 
 equity and validity of their right, they Ihall never 
 hclitate to fubmit it lo a pro|>t.r judicatory, nor to 
 defend it in the ordinary courfe of jufticc. 
 
 Under thcfe circumll.mces your mcmorialiils con- 
 fide, that the k''iflature of the colony of rirrinia will 
 not, by any ad or profeeding whatcvci, impeach, or 
 in any rcfpe«J\ prejudice the title of your mtmorialifts, 
 fo well etlablilhcd on ihe principles of realon, equity 
 and policy. 
 
 Our reailers will now have i\cn the title of the pro- 
 prietors of the trac^ of land, called huiiandy deduced 
 from a treaty, on the part of the King oi Great Pritnin 
 with, and grants from the Six United -Yations of /ncfi- 
 itnSf as well to the King, as to thcfe Proprietors, and 
 all circi'.mft.inces attending the fame. They will alfo 
 have colle(Sled fron* tl e foregoing pages, that the ftate 
 of I'irginia fcts up preienllons to <j//the lands compre- 
 hended within the boundaries of the country purchafed 
 trom tlic Six nations by the fame King at Fort Stanivix ; 
 and alfo to all the tcrritoi-y extending from thence to 
 ^he/out/) fca. The legiflaturc of Virginia^ after coun- 
 cil had been heard in the boufc of delcrdtcst on b( half 
 of the proprietors of Indiana^ {\\\t fenate houfe refuf' 
 ing to permit council to fpeak) pafied an ^x fojl 
 fd^^laiVy and declared their title to be ve/</,' and of 
 
 y 
 
 • '1 
 
 •i 
 I 
 
 
h?'. 
 
 mi 
 
 ' ti 
 
 ' ii 
 
 liili fi 
 
 .:','; 
 
 St 
 
 .!' 
 
 i'. ,' J 
 
 ^ii t 
 
 «t 
 
 
 - 
 
 I io8 ] 
 
 M> r^/*'^. Colonel Crcr[^r Aftj/otif a member of the 
 
 houll of delegates, (with auoiher gentleman who ilid 
 not att^ were aj>pointed '* /^ mafutge the ivttrrjis of the 
 *' rrv/w^'nut-.i/z/j 5/ /'/>/»/;/ j'^/' upon liiis, occafion j and 
 the fuhnantial }»;irts if his ihitf argimients (as taken 
 in writing b\ \ /ciirhir tn* who attended the houfe) 
 wt: : a: ''.llow. lUii buforc wc enter into the examin- 
 ation of them, wc earncflly dclire, that it may be un- 
 dcrf^Tiod by the good people of that ftatc, we do not 
 tncan, by any obfcrvations we fhall make, to caft the 
 flighted imputation upon them, or upon the gentlemen 
 who fo honorably dif^inguiflied themfclves in the houilc 
 of delegates, by propofiug mcafures for doing jufiice to 
 the proprietors of Indiana, This, we declare, is tht 
 farthefl from our thoughts, as we entertain the hightit 
 rcfpcft for the rcftitude, wifdom and virtue of the good 
 people of Virginia at large j our ftridtures are in- 
 tended and fliall only be pointed againlt the arguments 
 of a very few artful, ftlf-interellcd and deiigning men. 
 Colonel Mafon infifted greatly xc^on political e xpedi- 
 
 tncy Sind the /alus populi. Thcfc are very dangerous 
 
 poHtions, and were mod arbitrarily fupportcd againfl: 
 every principle of rca(bn, juftice iind law, by the houfe 
 of delegates of Virginia^ inftittuing itfeif into a court, 
 for the determination of private propertyy (refufing at 
 the fame time to let the ordinary courts of juftice hear 
 and decide it) and fitting Asjudges in a CAky where they 
 were plaintiffs, giving judgment againft the defendants, 
 and caufing an ex pojlfaBo law to be made, vacating the 
 title of the proprietors of Indiana,^ This was defpotifm 
 in the higheft degree, and cfpecially, as tha; houfe 
 
 m 
 
 ^ • miriMm Trent, Efq; one of the Members of tlie Ilouoniblc Ilouft of 
 A(^emh\jjatthcSt%tte{NevfJerfijf. . ^^ 
 
 t Whoever violates frivstt frtftrty, or l^tut or aidangen it, «P"'°" 
 Scnfc fayi. thit he i» »• enemy to hh country; and l*ublick Spirit fayJ, 
 th*t he fhould/rr/ itt vetlgHUce, Cordon, *ol. %. 
 
 
 ri^ 
 
 r -T.^. 
 
 ■:(j« 
 
 « -■^:- 
 
 iii 
 
rmber of the 
 man who iliil 
 utt-rr/Is of the 
 ►ccafion ; and 
 nts (as taken 
 d tht houfc) 
 ) the cxanun 
 t may be un- 
 c, wc do not 
 c, to cafl: the 
 the gentlemen 
 sin the houTc 
 oing jufiicc to 
 cclarc, is tht 
 lin the hightit 
 ic of the good 
 itures are in- 
 :hc arguments 
 efigning men. 
 iiticat expcdi- 
 ry dangerous 
 rtcd againft 
 by the houfc 
 into a court, 
 (rcfufing at 
 juftlce hear 
 |, where they 
 defendants, 
 vacating the 
 as defpotifm 
 that houfc 
 
 loKiUlc lloufe wf 
 
 fri it, 0$»xnon. 
 Ilick Spirit iay»i 
 
 
 iiibchalt"ofriV/J//;/.;, rc'tiipucLilmio iht landbinqucflion 
 and were of courfc parties tJictuf". Ives tothccaull, which 
 they thus padcd jinlgnuiu upon, .\ui\ thtri-hy dcliroycd 
 private riglit, as far as their power extcniled. 
 
 From the baneful doctrine of j'^clilual expiJii-vcy 
 have arifcn evils of the grcateil niagnirt;de, in- every aj;c 
 and coinitry. The motives for Ci\K. Jliinip aH Aud tlic 
 ■prefint ujr can be accounted for upon ihe fame j^rin- 
 ciplc."It is a doctrine, whiih harraiVed and grievoufly 
 opprelfed the fubiccts of EngLindy in tlie reigns of El'^- 
 zahi'thf James the Firft, and Cl\2r/r.<- the Firfl;— — it 
 gave birth lojhip money Awdjhir ihamhcr iinprifonments 
 and numerous other cruel ai'^s of tyranny and impofi- 
 
 liun; it generated Syl/AS profcriptions, made Cafar 
 
 perpetual dictator, and produced the prcl'ent ex pojl 
 facixj law. 
 
 Mr. Humcy when treating of fubjecls cxuiTHy fimilar 
 to this, jufbly remarks, that *' though fome in- 
 conveniences mav arilc from the maxim oi ADiir.KiNO 
 STRICTLY TO LAW, vct thc advantages /c much over- 
 balance theviy as J octuld render the EngViJhfor ever grate- 
 ful to the memory of their anceflcrSf who after repeated 
 conteft«, at lujl eft ablijhed that nolli' principle i"—o{ ih\i 
 Opinion too were the freemen of Tirginiiiy in I'jydi 
 for it is cxprefsly provideil iti the Declaration of 
 Rights, " which ought to belong to them and their 
 pol>erity, and ought to be regarded as the founda- 
 tion and I>ajis of their government;'* (Rights which 
 *fte citizens of the feveral ftates, though ignonuniouHy . 
 called and treated -Ai foreigners ^ are entliled to by the 
 articles oi confederation) that ** in controverfn rcfpe^' 
 ing property^ and in fuits between man avA man,— 
 the antient trial by jury is preferable to any other, 
 
 AND OUGHT TO liE HELD SACRED i-'-~and inthp,. 
 
 c^onfiitution, or form of government of Virginiay made "''■ 
 
 
 4i 
 
 .IS, 
 
 .i ^ 
 
 f~ 
 
 the 
 
 ^'■:-^'*^ 
 
 
 
 >:::.\ 
 
 
[ 
 
 1 10 
 
 J 
 
 V' 
 
 
 * 
 
 I- 
 
 ' 
 
 I 
 
 '*] 
 
 '. . 
 
 t 
 
 f> 
 
 • 
 
 i 
 
 1^- 
 
 the 6th of May, 1776, it is dccUrcd, as one of the 
 reafons, wAidx induced the people ofth.it ftjtc to fc- 
 pciMte from Gr/'at Britain, bccaufc, they -.verc deprived 
 *' of the benefit of proceeding by jury."— And Mr» 
 Hume furt her remarks, --- among all civilized nations ^ 
 it has been the conjLint endeavour to remove every 
 \\\\v\f^arbitrAry and l-uriial^ from the dfci/ion of property. 
 and the celebrated Mr. Locke fays, that it is a mijiake to 
 thir!:, the fupreme or lc}»iHative power of any com- 
 monwealth CiJn do 11 hat it ivill, and di/po/e of the fuhjefls 
 property arhtrarily, or take away part cf thrni at piea-% 
 fure. The Icgijlativc pouter ^ he fays, ;/ to govern by 
 promulgated, ejlahhibed laivSy NOi to bl vaRiiid in 
 particular cafes ^ but to have one rule for rich and poor,, 
 for the favorite at court t and the ^ouniryman at plough. 
 The rcafon, he fubjoins, why men enter into foci- 
 cty, is the pre fervation of their property ; and the end, 
 why rhey choofe and authorize a Icgiflative, is that there 
 may be laws made, and ruks fet, as guards and 
 fences to the properties of the members of the focicty; 
 ;ind it is alfo very aptly obferved by a learned author,' 
 that the mofl cautious man in the world cannot, with 
 all his circuml'pei^ion, provide againft a law, that may 
 he made afterwards. If it be once drawn into pra^ice, 
 to deprive men of their properties hy latuSy ex p((ft 
 facioy there is an end ofjuftice. When Magna Chart a 
 fays, Nemo amittat feudum fuum, nifi par judicram 
 parium, aut leges tcrrae; — Let no nun lofe his freehold, 
 hut hy the Judgment of his peers, or the laws of the landi 
 it means the fettled common la-w of England% not fta- 
 tutes rr.ade, to take away private property, or to punifh 
 after crimes^ Thefc arc the laws, our author aflerts, 
 that we arc to have a regard to, and no one need, in a 
 well ordered government (and indeed cannot) extend 
 
 # his 
 
 • Vindication of the fahjv^^s right. Io«<{(?n printed in 1 )o6. 
 
 ■'■ UiS^ 
 
 \h 
 
 
 ^f. - 
 
[ 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 his caution beyond them. The law, fays my Lotd 
 Cckff is the furcft r;in(!liiary that a man can take, and 
 
 tl»c ftrongcil fortrcfs to proi(x't ihc wt.ikcft of all. 
 
 Lex cji tutilJi.Ad QiiJfiSy ct fub cly^t\> let^is nemo dcLipitur.* 
 In the l.iNVb abroad^* it is a Ictilcd maxim, tliat wc \\{c 
 no caution, but what the promtilgatcd laws picfcribc. — 
 In Ihori, adds our author, he is n wife and cautious 
 man, wlio is as wife and cautious as the law rciiuires 
 him to be i for he that is not fine of the inheritance^ 
 which he has in the law, ecinnot be /aid to live in a fet- 
 tled ond ft ec pair y or under the I'.overnment of law, 
 
 I'xijiing at the time he acquired hii right And it 
 
 WMS declared unanimouily by the Congrefi of the united 
 colonics oi North America^ in 17/.), that the inhabi- 
 tants ol them avL entitled to Hjcy iibcrty ami pro/^erty^ 
 and that the relpct^ive eoU)nies arc alio entitled to the 1 
 common law ot Euglandy and more efpcciallv to the 
 great and ineftimable privilege of being tried by their 
 peers of the vicinage, according to the courfc of that 
 lawj — -and in the addrels oiCongrefs to the inhabitants 
 of the province of i£//i'^rr, it is obfervcd, that the next 
 great right is that of trial by jury. This provides, that 
 neither /{/V, liberty y nor property can be taken from the 
 pojfejfory until twelve of his unexceptionable countr}'- 
 mcn, and peers of his vicinage, upon a full trial had, 
 fliall give in their verdift.-— Was the happy revolution 
 m^dc to diminifh ** this great and ineftimable privi- 
 legeF^- God forbid. — It was made, among other things , 
 to give the greaicft fecurity to ilie people, in the 
 enjoyment of it. Learned and upright judges, with 
 a JU17 of twelve men, are the fureft defeace, and 
 protedlion, againfb all encroachment upon, and hi- 
 vaiion of private proixrty.--— — The excellency of 
 .-,•%■ • . .^-, -. . K ■ .J- is ; |his 
 
 • Coke, id rart, fuHo $6. f Majctui ie 4vec>7tia. 
 
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r. 
 
 
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 w-Wh 
 
 1; I; 
 
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 i'Sil' 
 
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 li 
 
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 H 
 
 _Ba 
 
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 this part of the conQitution Hiincs wiih the brightcft 
 lulhe, vhcn it is coniulcicJ, that the people are 
 thereby delivered froinil\e niifcrable fituation of ihofe, 
 whofc rii)ht has been fcar.daloufly invadeil and adjudg- 
 ed hymen, acting i\om Jltitfuatitni and local politukst 
 difcrttiont or ixpidinny. My Lord Coke pathetically 
 ** ADMONISHED Parliament s^ that inlUad of this 
 
 OHDlNA'^Y and PRECIOUS TrUll^ PAR LEG! M 
 
 TERRyF, .hey briny not in abj'olutc and partial 
 *' Trials^ nv niscui. rioN." 
 
 But we forbear to cite further authorities, .--enough 
 have been produced to Ihcw th' total iniccurity to all 
 property^ whertver the pernicious and ruinous do^Ttrinc 
 
 of expediency^ and ex pcjl fa3o taivs prevail. 
 
 And we tr\ift our inVpariial readers will agree 
 with us in faying, that the validity of the title of the 
 proprietors of Indiana^ ought not to have been de- 
 ciilcd by modern ideas, but luch as prevailed at the 
 rime of its creation; and as it was good under the 
 crown of England^ it ought certainly to have had the 
 fame efFe<Sl under the republic oi ^'irginia. A contra^ 
 made in Chinas or any other foreign country, would 
 be determined in a court of juflice, by the laws of the 
 country, where the contratft took its rife. In like 
 manner, the grant in queflion ought to have been 
 fettled by the laws in being at the time of its being 
 made, and not by an ex pojl fa^o law. 
 
 Colonel Mafon alfo infifled, that the commonweMth 
 oiVirginia had the right of pre-emption of all lands within 
 its chartered boundaries. -""We anfwer, there is no aft 
 of the legiflature, that gives that (late ftich a right.— 
 There is indeed a law, that fays, purchafes (hall not be 
 made of tributary India*Ut but the Six United Nations 
 having never been tributary either to the colony, or 
 Jlate of Vyrginio this aft of courfe cannot dcftroy 
 
\c brighicft 
 people are 
 >n of ihofc, 
 ind adjudg- 
 al politicks ^ 
 pathetically 
 ad ot this 
 
 ^R LEGIM 
 and partial 
 
 s,. --enough 
 curiiy to all 
 JUS do«^iinc 
 
 iicvail. - 
 
 will agree 
 ; title of the 
 ive been dc- 
 ilcd at the 
 under the 
 lavc had the 
 A contrail 
 try, would 
 laws of the 
 e. In like 
 have been 
 its being 
 
 lonwetlth 
 
 »«ii within 
 
 :e is no a£l 
 
 a right.— 
 
 kail not be 
 
 fd Nations 
 
 \cohnyf or 
 
 »c dcftroy 
 
 any 
 
 any ccffious made by ihcm. On the contrary, a moft 
 ih'ongly operates to the acknowledgment of the validity 
 uf their grunts; and as to boundaries derived from a 
 charter made one hundred and fixty-nine years ago to 
 the London Company, ** to the dijfolution of which, 
 " they filcnily acqute/ctd A.ut\fubmittedy^* it is too ridi- 
 culous to dcfcrvc itrious notice. Where, however, is 
 the original . barter ? Can Virginia produce it to found 
 her claim upon ? — No. It remained in Englandy and 
 was, with the original court books, taken frrm the 
 " company by the King and Privy Council of that king- 
 dom, aud never again returned to them."f 
 Mr. Stith, a n.itiNe oi Virginia, aUb fayj. in his hif- ^ 
 tory of that colony, printed 'ji\*WilUamJhurgh, in 1737, 
 that of the two firft of the iFollowing charters, {\\z. 
 the charter of 1606 and the one of 1609) 1 have 
 fccn I- o u R copies ,- one among the oldeft records in 
 " the Secretary's office, tnu$%- mangled and defaced, 
 another in the council jQjKce, tolerably legible; a 
 third in a. very fair book orrecords, which belongs, 
 as I take it, to the houfe of burgefTes) and the 
 fourth, moji correSi^ I found among Sir John Ran- 
 dolpi^s papers, tranfcribed b/ his clerk, and collated^ 
 asl/uppofe, irom different copies. Howeven lean 
 yenture to aflVre the reader, that the edition, which 
 I have giveti by the help of the two laft mentioned 
 copies, is ftill fuller and more corre^, than any tf 
 ihitft' Of the third charter, I have never diet with 
 but one copy, likewife In Sir John Randoiph^s ^ol- . 
 ** k£tion of ftate papers. It is pretty corrtply tran- 
 fcribed, and I hope it will be found, with th^ 
 NECESSARY ^WB-HH hriQ^^i I have ntadt in it^vtrf 
 cnmpleat and exaA. Thefe are all the Kim^s'tkar'* 
 tits to theCoiivAsT, that 1 hkve been tdlc to Undf 
 * P ;^ ** aAk^A 
 
 • bM» Uiftorf of Virpnis. t i^m. 
 
 a 
 
 <f 
 
 (I 
 
 CI 
 
 II 
 
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 ft 
 
 <{ 
 
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 ci 
 
 ic 
 
 (( 
 
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 •1 'lit 
 
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 V.-. ',. 
 
 ** nlthoup^h thfy are certainly not all he granted ; foi 
 ** many things arc mentioned in /*«• rompany^s rfconls^ 
 ** as drawn/rcm (heir charters^ which arc ncverthclcfs 
 •* not to be found in /A<fm."— -Which of thefc r-J/zV/ 0/ 
 charters does yir^inia rely upon ? Is it the one dcfcrib- 
 cd by our author, as much mangled and dt faced} or 
 on the one tolerably legible ? or the one faid to be found 
 in a fair copy of records ^ or the one tranfcribcd and 
 colhitcd by Sir John Randol/h's ilerky (as Mr. Stith 
 fuppofed) irom different copies y and which he affirms 
 ^vas rnojl ccrre^^ or the one, that this gcntknian w- 
 marks, with the nci effary ev:endations he has made, very 
 compleat and exafl.— Here then is a choice of dilliculticsl 
 Wc fubmit the dccifion of that choice to thofc whom it 
 may concern y it being of little importance to the candid, 
 honeil or judicious citizens of Virginiay or of any of ih( 
 
 other dates in union, for ** either ri/^j/a'a Aands in 
 
 ** fucceflion to the London company, to whom the 
 charter was granted,* or to the crown of England. 
 If to the London company, then it becomes her, as 
 an outlet in the matter, to fliew who they lucre^ and 
 ** likewife, that they ivere in pojftjfion at the com- 
 ** mencement of the revolution. If to the crown, 
 then the charter is of confcqucncc fuperceded; be- 
 caufe the crown did not poflefs territories by char- 
 ter, but by prerogative without charter. The no- 
 tion of the crown charteripg to itfelf, is a nullity; 
 *^ aod in this cafe, the unpofleiTed lands, be they little 
 *' or much, arc in the fame condition as if they never < 
 '* lAd been chartered at all ; and the fovereignty of 
 •'them devolves to the fovereignty of the United 
 «* States."j Colonel 
 
 • Mr, StUh obftrrei, that the ^^lut'iM tf the company ** was in event 
 'Certainly of hftufit and nuvantatt to the country, (Vngma) as wc, in A- 
 fHtric*, 6nd by experience, that it i»- better to be under a royal gofcrn- 
 ipcnt, than i»tbe ban^i of froprutan in wbatfitaft or mtmterjotvtr." 
 t PtASt Gtodt prmt ii 1 781 . 
 
 (c 
 
 « 
 « 
 
 ■\ 
 
granted ; f'ii 
 iny*s rfi'onhy 
 ; ncvcrthclds 
 hefc o/'ifs of 
 
 • one dcfcril)- 
 ihf.utdi or 
 
 J to be fouiul 
 infcribeJ and 
 (as Mr. Stith 
 h he affirms 
 icniUnun n- 
 \s made, vfry 
 of diilicultics! 
 hofc whom it 
 to the candid, 
 
 • of any of iht 
 <inia Aands in 
 to wliom the 
 
 of Enrlatid. 
 [omcs her, as 
 \cy wcrff and 
 at the com- 
 thc crovjtif 
 crci'dedi be- 
 rics by char- 
 ir. The no- 
 is a nullity; 
 |be they little 
 they never 
 I'creignty of 
 Ithc United 
 Colonel 
 
 r* WM an tvtnt 
 Si wc, in A' 
 royal gotern- 
 rjotvtr." 
 
 
 [ "5 J 
 
 Colonel Mil/on next infiilid, thiit the King had a. 
 right ottly /'> punh^ife as a trujlcc for the ufe of the flute 
 cf i'irginia, and the faie to the proprietors of Indiana 
 was hadt as it was made to Foreic.nkhs. Our in- 
 dignation iii provoked at fuch an invidious cxprcflion. 
 It was very early indeed in the rtvolution^ totind fuch 
 injurious dillinctions made between the citizens of yif' 
 
 ^inui and thole of the otiur Qattsj and efpetially in 
 
 a<rial of landeil property, in which freemen of the fe- 
 vcral governments of A7;6i/«' Ijliind^ New Yorkf PenifyU 
 vaniii and Marylandt were concerned. Did not the 
 gentleman know, thai by the articles of the ioiijcdcr- 
 ation and perpetual union, it is exprefsly provided, 
 " That the better to fecurc and perpetuate mutual 
 " fricndlhip and iniercourfe among the people of the 
 *' ditVercnt Hates in this union, the frer inhabitants of 
 " all the (tates iLall be entitled to all privileges and im- 
 ** munities of free citizens i/i the feveralfiates .'" AVill 
 he venture to fay, that at that time thefe articles were 
 not compleated, on account oi Maryland \t{\(i\n^ the ' 
 unwarrantable claim of rirginia to all the back lands? ' 
 Had not the latter ftate then figned the articles, and • • 
 did ir not afTent, by it*s delegates in Congrcfs, to a vaft <; 
 variety of acts done by that honorable body, in pur- 
 fuancc of them. * 
 
 The following fadts \rill, however, ftiew the appella- 
 tion o( foreigners was not a cafual axpreflion, but that 
 the ftate of Virginia confidered the citizens of the other 
 ftates in confederation, as much foreigners as the fub- 
 jefts of Great Britain, or thofc of the Great Mogul 
 
 are On the i6th of 0<^ober, 1779, Lieutenant 
 
 Colonel Charles Sinims, a Virginian, prefcntcd a peti- 
 tion to the houfe of delegates oi rirginia, fetting forth, 
 That he had a claim for 2961 acres of land, on the 
 ^ river Ohio and Raccoon creek, yrhich proceeded horn a 
 
 - ' purcha& 
 
 
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 ►' 
 
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 ftirrhifc from Cforr^f Crtirluin ; and his (tl»c l.ittcr's) 
 iillt: \v;\s foundt'il \\ynt\ a j',iaru from the 5i.r Mat ten i 
 of It} U,in\. (It is cx.u^lly fiinilar to that of the pro 
 prlftors of Induindt and ftriurd hy the treaty ot Fort 
 Stiinwix.J Mr. t.r^t^hitn ronvoyid thcfc lands to ,/- 
 hxtjtuiii R^fs and H'lltitm Dunhtir, and thcjr^ folil thcn» 
 to Colonel Sinims. 
 
 On the 19th of Oc>obrr, thr Conn-nittcc of Prcpo- 
 fitions an<l Grievanrrs of yirt^iniat Rfsolvi[>, and 
 ♦he Houfc of 1")*. 1 00. He --I of tliat (late agreed to the fame, 
 ** That it is the opinion of this Conunittce, that the 
 ** nu'inorial of Lieutenant CoUmk I Simms^ praying, 
 ** that hit title to 20^1 acres of laml, lying on the 
 ** Ohio rivir, (which he piirchafed of .ilexander Rofs 
 •* and inifiam DunhAr ) may be cofi/irmdif having been 
 " prevented from improving the faid lands, as by law 
 •' is required, by being in the continental army ever 
 •* finee the year I77(»i aiid that he might obtain 
 • ♦* grants for the faid lands, upon paying the ufual 
 " compofition money, under the former government, 
 " ♦* is rea/onable"*— And accordingly, an A£i of aflem- 
 bly paflcd under the title of an ** j4n for granting 
 -»•' warrants to Charles Simms, Gentleman, to furvey 
 ■ -vV ^/"^ "'** tirtain /rtw^x."t— Here wc fee, that Colonel JimmjV 
 ^ ^> * ' purchafc of 2961 acres of land, derived from Mr. 
 . k*^ Croghiin's title from the Six Natiohst was conHmied to 
 him i— and encouraged from hence to believe, that the 
 fame juAice would be rendered to others, holding un- 
 der the fame right, Mcflrs. Bernard Cratz^ Jofeph Si- 
 mons, Edmund Mi ine \i\d Michael Cratz^ citizens of 
 ' the Aate of Pennfyhania, on the loth of November, 
 '779> presented a memorial to the houfe of delegates 
 qf Virginia, fetting forth, that " they have claims in 
 f* certain unappropriated back lands, by pufchalc from 
 
 " Cforgi 
 
 f Jp^rnall (if t)U Hmifc of Pclc|atC« of ytrgm^l f li^ 
 
 
 
 >.. 
 
 's." 
 
 
 :t- 
 
 1 
 
 *• 
 
 ..V'i> 
 
I "7 J 
 
 l.ntcr's) 
 Ail f ions 
 the pro 
 r ot Fort 
 Is to .f- 
 jlil thcin 
 
 f Prcpo- 
 L-p, :\nil 
 he fiitnc, 
 that the 
 praying, 
 on the 
 ]der Kofi 
 'ing been 
 IS by law 
 rmy ever 
 it ubiaio 
 he ufual 
 rnment, 
 f aflcm- 
 granting 
 furvey 
 Simms*s 
 m Mr. 
 irmed to 
 that the 
 Sng un- 
 'fpk 5i- 
 zens of 
 ember, 
 legates 
 ims in 
 from 
 iorgi 
 
 <4 
 
 •* Cf'irt'f CrcghiVU whole pm\h.irc is foumleJ in :i 
 
 •* pui'ihafc from the Chiefs of the Six Xuti'snit anil 
 
 *' piMyngi that tlic (aid claims may be conlirmctl."* 
 
 On the 25th of N(jvcn\ber, it was 1 cptvi'dhy the houfc 
 
 oi" delegate;, '* thai the mrtnori.ii o( Hirnard (Iratz^ 
 
 ** ill behalf of himt'clf ami others, be REjrcir. i>, for 
 
 ** that, if they have any tci^ai or cpiitablf cl.iim to the 
 
 *' iiimls conveyed hy (leori^c Cr^jghan^ Juch claim Jhould 
 
 ** he inve/iiqatedf and determined in a ccurt of iaw or 
 
 *• fquity.''i'- 
 
 The houfc of delegates Jir/i form a bill, and that is 
 enacted into a law, (Appendix, No. 2) declaring,-— 
 V That all falcs and deeds, which haviv di-:en, er 
 '* /hall he made by any Indian or Indian Sy or by any 
 •* Indiiin national' nations oi Indians^ for lands within 
 ** the faid limits, (to wit^ of the chartered territory) 
 to or for the feparatc life of any perfon or perfons 
 whatfoever, Jhall /»<•, and the fame arc hereby declared 
 
 " utterly v'dd and cf no effci}.^'* And then the houfc 
 
 of delegates rcfAve^ that Mr. CratZy &c. (hould have 
 rhcir claim invcftigated and determined in a court of 
 
 law or equity. What a mockery of jullice was this? 
 
 What a Ihamcful diQin^ion was here made between 
 Mr. iS/mm J, a Virginian f and Mr. (hatZy a Pennfylvu- 
 nian} and both holding under prccifely the fame right, 
 deduced from Mr. Croghan. Why hud Mr. Simms a 
 
 special aft ^)aircd in his favor? and why wjis Mr. 
 
 Gratz referred to the ordinary courts ? Bccaufe you 
 
 perfeftly knew, Gentlemen, the mouths of the judges 
 of the courts of law of equity were clo/ed by your ever 
 memorable <?jc /o^ /<i^!j Any, of June, 17^9. (Ap- 
 pendix, No. 2.) It was cruel, Sirs, thus tofport with 
 fgreigners i-^—yoM ought, at Icift for your own fakes, 
 to have prpfcrve^ a little more ofteni^ble Ihewof mode- 
 
 , ratroQ 
 
 ^.jQ«rn4fa!QftlicliM<««ffD9lefatctolVSrtiau. f lOeas, 
 
 
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 M 
 
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 rr- 
 
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 t "S ] 
 
 r.U'.on nnd cqr.ity, than you Jirpcnrcil to Mr. Craiz^ 
 
 u|ion this occufion: But i*. fccms it was /^clitiral ju/- 
 
 tii\- to protci} the title of Cv>I«>ncl S'mw.'y aw^ pclitica! 
 t x^rJiL'ncy io rejdl \\\c 'ncniori.U ot Mr. ^/ij/z, and 
 ictcrhim to a :ourt^ \vhicli you h.iil prcvioujly Ji/ptali' 
 
 JicJivinw doing him juftice. * 
 
 \Vc proceed farther to exaniine the pofition, thai 
 ihc J^ing had a right only to pvri />.;/'«•, as a trujicc for 
 the life of ihe ftate of VirpiKxa. In what record, or 
 law '^ook did Colonel Mar.n find that the A'/^r was 
 thus limited ? It is not to be found in any of ilie . /..t- 
 icrSy fo much depended upon, \\\^ it ii certain, that 
 
 ^ the colony of Virg'xn'iA never prcfumed to hold th.it lan- 
 guage, or fet up thiji extravagant pict. nlionj liut 
 
 patiently fubmitted t(i every diflribution of I; uls, the 
 Kings or Queens of ^w^Aj;?*/ thought proper to make. 
 And private fubje^fls of J'trglhiiJy frequently pplied 
 
 immcdi.itcly io the crown foi grants of land; And 
 
 the legillaturc, and people c ' that colony, always o- 
 beyed royal proclamations and inftruflions, as we have 
 abundantly fliewn and ftiallflicr in the preceding and fol- 
 lowing pages, particularly rcfpc^ling the acquiring and 
 feating lands, and the payuicnt of quit rents for them, 
 to the crown of England. Were not Maryland^ part 
 of Pcnnfylvanidf and lord Fairfaxes grant of the nor- 
 thern neck taken out of the allcdged, chartered boun- 
 daries oi I'irginiay and were not lord Ihiltimorc; and 
 lord Culpepper (whofc daughter married Thomas lord 
 Fairfax) at the time of their obtaining their rcfpe£tive 
 grants, as much Foreigners.^, as the proprietors of /n- 
 diann are? Did not the Ohio company in the year i 748, 
 after the Lancnjier and Logg^s Town treaties were had, 
 . . * . • prcfiffnt 
 
 I- 
 
 * •' The national yWf« are no more than the mouth that pronounces 
 " the words of /i^e/iiu'; mere paffive heingi, tMcapabie 9S taoilemting either 
 »' its force or rifor." Montelquieu, vol. I. i 
 
'. CrntZf 
 tical jiif- 
 pcliticiil 
 1/2, and 
 dij'juali'' 
 
 on, thai 
 ujicc for 
 cord, or 
 'ir,g was 
 ihc .7\;r- 
 tin, thar 
 that Ian- 
 
 ; But 
 
 uls, the 
 
 to make. 
 
 V' pjiliid 
 
 --—And 
 
 Llway? o- 
 
 we have 
 
 and fol- 
 
 ing and 
 
 3r them, 
 
 df part 
 
 the nor- 
 
 d boun- 
 
 rc ; and 
 
 nas lord 
 
 fpe£tivt 
 
 S of III' 
 
 1748, 
 re had, 
 prefiffnt 
 
 s 
 
 
 [ "9 ] 
 
 prcfcnt a petition to King (ieorgc the Second, in thcle 
 words — '* John Hanbury o( L'yuJon, in behalf of him- 
 fclf and Thcmtu Lccy H\\; a member of his Majefty's 
 council, and one n( {Ucjuili^t's of the fuprcmc court of 
 judicauirc of his IM.iicrty's colony o( l^'irginiuy Thomas 
 NelpVy Va\\\ of his ^^aje^y's council oi Tirginia, Co- 
 lonel C'rr/Jcp^ (JoliMitl H'llHam Thornton , IVilliam Nini- 
 moy Daniel CniJ'.p Jr,hn Curiijliy Laivrencc IVaJhing' 
 t:ny j'iugiiJliKC ll'aJhingtGny Gtcrge Fiiirfax, Jaccb 
 (•'ifrSy j\t:th.i':it'/ Chapman and James H'ccdrocpy Efijrs. 
 all of your Majclly's colony of I'irginiuy and others, 
 thiir allbtiatcs, for Jettlmg the countries on the Ghio^ 
 and extending the BrltiJb trade beyond the mauntainSy 
 
 ON TIIF. WES rr RN CONFINES OF Vl R G I N 1 A .'*'— And 
 
 in confequtnct of this petition, did they not obtain a 
 royal inlUuclion direifled to the governor of rirginia, 
 for granting thea\ five hi'.ndrcd thoufand acres of land? 
 Did not a committee of that company io the year 1761 
 by petition, renew their application to the King for a 
 grant of tlie faid lands, --and if it {hould be alkcd, who 
 figned this petition. We anfwer, the fame Colcntl 
 Ceorgc Mafuiy who was appointed to manage the in- 
 tcrefts of the Commonwealth oiVirginia^ and who faid, 
 the King had a right onl^ to purchafe, as a trujite for 
 
 the 
 
 * }If rf V c fee, that one of ihc jud^n of the i-premt court of judicature, 
 &c. and anothc mcmlier of l\\t council, with a numhcr of confidertblc 
 pcr,')ns in the rohmy if Vugmia, concurred in acknowledging, — that the 
 Allegany Mountains u^tri the -wtftim confines cfVirrinis, and in conformity 
 to this idea, the preamble of the above petition to King Geor»t th« Cccund, 
 was in thefc words : " That by the treaty oi Laniafter, and aUb by deed 
 " bearing dntf Xhe idof j\ily, 1744, the torthern Indianj, by the name 
 " of the ciix Nations, (who claimed ail the landJ-wtJT ©r Viroinia, 
 and alio to and on the waters of the MiMpfi and the Lakes, by right 
 of cofiqueft from feTcral nations of Induns, who formerly inhabHwd 
 that country, "id have been extirpated by the SixNation^ dW yield 
 >ip and make over, and for ever quit claim to yoar Majefty and your 
 Aicceflors, a^i. thi said tANDi wist or Vif ginia, with ail their 
 right thereto, a$ far as your Maj^fty ytoaW at any time thereafter h^leaf- 
 ^ et/ 10 BXTCNO THE tAiD COLON T." — ^ plain proof tlut Joige LtttuA 
 nis aflbciates were of opinion, tnat the AUtiaa) Mcuntsini were the vr/f* 
 '<* httndariti of Vitginui. 
 
 .1 
 
 I' I 
 
I .n 
 
 'ill • •'>iii 
 
 m ..■'?? 
 
 li^i 
 
 
 
 I: 
 
 Ml 
 
 w ■ 
 
 II 
 
 It,..'. '■ '' 
 
 III 
 
 iH 
 
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 ■ J ', 
 
 ■^ .J. 
 
 //;.' ?//> ft/* /Af //,;/<• cf Viiriiuiu and /'/'//, Z,ut/. Lee, 
 Jayncs SinU^ /. M. / . < r w/<./ Ihomas Ludl. Lre of the 
 
 famf n.iti i .iiul <liil nut .iilo Colonel J/<7/^n, lub- 
 
 f*.ril>c a letter, iiiitu iht yil» of iScpicmbci l~^I, aJ- 
 
 <lr. 
 
 tU 
 
 to govci iioi IJunu-iiliUt' 111 
 
 .A// 
 
 Lend. 
 
 ru toi (I 
 
 purpoft of ,''ttrJ\i/tr^ LviJi upon the 6A/5, trtim thff 
 King of En^'JajuP. Let the following fa»!;t iLtiJ^. 
 
 ni 
 
 'AS wc m.iy ex peel .1 peace next winter, and l.a 
 
 no doubt H'.rth Jnuru>2 will bi in iirnl to ihi 
 
 Bntijb 
 
 iiovtrninent, and Lint rty \iili re (1 
 
 n rran 
 
 f,'J 
 
 to his Mnjvjiy^s fuhjctfs IN rm si coi onh s, to fcttl: 
 
 on tkc L:>;..^ ■ 1: ,''•' C//;.c; We, the committee of ihc 
 
 Ohio coipp.my, ;' ink it a propel- time, as foon as pe.uc 
 is conchidi'i!, /- ipfhfr a grant of the hands intended 
 us, b> his Mni! fiv's imtiuJtions to Sir H'iliiam Cocch^ 
 and have for that purpi)l"e fcnt over a petition 10 Im 
 Miijefl:)-, and .» lirge and full Ihitc of our calc ; and 
 have employed Mr. Char/ton i^ahner^ a man, we are 
 informed, of great capacity and diligence, 10 folic it 
 our caufc, and cndeav.ur by all means lo GUT us a 
 PATENT IN Enc;i x.xD. Hc will be dlrctftcd to apply 
 to our members in Lo/n/sw, for their advice and afllft- 
 ance; and as no pcrfon knows the affair better than 
 Mr. Dunwiddiey nor can it be imagined any of the 
 company have fuch an acquaintance or intercfl with 
 pcrfons in power;— let us beg you will plcafc to exert 
 yourfclf in getting us a patent by natural bounds, on 
 the bcft terms pollible ;— -for raM^r //'^n b* remitted 10 
 the government here, luhc fromJeaUu/y, or feme other 
 cau/fy have ever endeavoured to difappoint us in every 
 defign we could form to fettle and improve the lands i—w k 
 
 WILL AGREE TO ANY REASONABLE CONSIDERATION 
 FOR SUCH A DEED FRO . £nGLAND. fiut if thls 
 
 caDnut be obtained, that the inoi\ plain and pofitive* 
 
 ^in/iru^inili 
 
 «i«- 
 
 i^^j^^jifc^ 
 
 
 mAJim 
 
.uJ. l-tf, 
 re of t^c 
 C-n, lub- 
 •M, .iJ- 
 
 ron* tht 
 , . t 
 
 nl to iIk 
 
 , to fittU 
 ICC t)t ihc 
 J as pt\uc 
 , intended 
 am Coo: hi 
 on to his 
 pile ; and 
 u wc arc 
 
 
 [ 
 
 121 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 injiruni'.ns lo the Govtriior oil'iryjni.i he procure J on 
 fcrnisthc molt .iLl\.uuai>coiis to the company. 
 Wc.ircSji, v<c. iSignctl, 
 
 James Scott. 
 
 7. Mei\er. 
 
 G. JNIason. 
 
 Ihomas l.iuL Let- 
 
 Philip Lit J. Lie. 
 Here wc find Colonil JM.VjT. and l\is afTvKiatcs ex- 
 {.-rt fling their txpcdt.iiioii, '' tliat lihertywill be granted 
 ^' f: his M.ye/iy's /ubjeRs in ijt.si- colon ifs, to 
 ** fettle :k the LASDii en the Ohio.'' Colonel .V./^;/ did 
 uot then, as he docs now, im:igii\c, that thcV were the 
 cxi-huivc property of /'.vt;?;,'/.:, or tlwit tlic rltizcns of 
 that liaic were cn/y to pollllsthcm. The foregoing 
 letter affords tl\e ftroni^ll proof to the contrary, of 
 the latter opinion by his, and hia airociatcs *' endea- 
 *' vouring by a\\ rneans to get a patent in England r — 
 ** fcff they f.iid, rather than be remitted to the govern- 
 ** mcnt here^ (Virginia) .S:c. ".if \i'ill agree to any r^a* 
 *' /enable confideraiion for fuch a deed from England'* 
 
 If the King liad only a right to purchafe lands, as a 
 trujiec foT the ufe of J'irginia, as is pretci. ed,— — why 
 were Colonel Mafony &c. fo folicitous to pay their mo- 
 ney to this b^ing for his patent? — and why did he and 
 ,his afTotiates admit into their con)pany iho{c foreigners 
 John Hanbury and Samuel Smith of Londortf Arthur 
 Dobbs, Efqi of Ireland, and afterwards of T^orth Ca- 
 rolina, &c. dncefaLs were " bady" which were made 
 to " foreigners J** The truth is, — Colonel Mafon well 
 knew, that the Governor and Council of r/rjf»«m could 
 not authorife the Secretary to pafs warrants, nor could the 
 Governor grant patents for any lands, but where pre- 
 vious liberty had been generally or fpecially given by 
 the crown for that purpolc; otherwifc ColoDcl Mafmy 
 
 I 
 
 1 -"t , 
 

 K' ■ 
 
 'r 
 
 1^ ' 
 
 .M 
 
 •ly { 
 
 ■ 'I K i, 
 
 ^■rU 
 
 i ■ 
 
 h 
 
 *(,( 
 
 ■1 
 
 1 : li '';| 
 
 Illi-i 
 
 • 1 
 
 fr 
 
 
 [ 122 ] 
 
 fts 1 lawyer of eminence*, would not have cnJeavourc J 
 to puKhilc h.ilt .1 niillion of .icrcsot land for hinifdf 
 and .illbciatcs, tron\ the h'ingj or dcilrc tlicir agent, in 
 
 failure of getting a patent in Hnt^LjtKf,- to jmoi \iic 
 
 *' //-(^ tucji plain tinJ pcjitivc injlrurfions to the Govft nor 
 ** o/ Virginia^ en turns the mo// .:Jvantagcoui to the 
 
 ** compiiny.''^ If the King was onh, js a trujtif foi the 
 
 ufe of I'irgitiiay — why apply to him for a patent, or in 
 failure of getinig one, — to pr(Kurc injb uttions to his 
 Covtrnor^. Was this condu(5t viccent or dutiful to the 
 government of Virginia^ fuppofmg it lo poirefs ilic 
 right, of enjoying'all lands purchafed by the King whol- 
 ly for i/j «/<•?— But Colonel Majon knew the fa^ was 
 not fo, and that the King had the fole power of gran- 
 ting lands as well in rirginni, as luejiward ofthe Alle- 
 gany Mountain, (after they were ceded by or conquered 
 from the natives ) cither immediately by patents figned 
 by his proper officers in the kingdom of Englandt or by 
 his Governor in Virginiay in virtue of general or parti- 
 cular orders for that end j and let the forty-fifth in- 
 
 /IruSiion to the Earl of Dunmoi e^ the lall Britijb Go- 
 vernor of that colony,' -exprefs, whether the King had 
 a right only to punhafe as a trujieg for the ufe of Vir- 
 ginia. " And when yen iliall have made a careful and 
 ** diligent enquiry to find out the prefent pofleiTors of 
 ** lands withii* our faid province, claimii^g to hold 
 ** under grants derived from uj, ot our predeceJforSf in 
 *' cafe any of the faid grants fliall appear to you to 
 ** have been obtained frauduUntly, and that the quit- 
 rents and, other conditions^ upon :vhich the grant:> 
 were made, have not been paid or complied wi%h ; 
 or in cafe any perfon fhall have taken out grants, 
 and not fcated or cultivated the lands, nor paid quit 
 ** rents for the fame, agreeable to the terms of their 
 grants i in fuch cafesj you (hall give public notice to 
 
 " all 
 
 «< 
 
 (C 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 .A- 
 
cnJcavouicd 
 itl for hinirdf 
 Inir agent, in 
 — -to procure 
 
 I he Coveinor 
 t'\{^rous to the 
 rujicc fur the 
 
 patent, or in 
 111 ions to his 
 luiifiil to the 
 
 poiFels ilic 
 c King whol- 
 
 thc fa(fl was 
 wcr of gran- 
 i oft he y^lU- 
 )r conquered 
 atents figned 
 glandy or by 
 :ral or parti- 
 3rty-j[ifth in- 
 Britijb Go- 
 he King had 
 : ufe of F/r- 
 i careful and 
 pofleffbrs of 
 ing to hold 
 edeceJforSf in 
 • to you to 
 lai the quit- 
 
 1 the grant:, 
 iplicd wi%h; 
 i out grants, 
 or paid quit I 
 'ms of their |f 
 lie notice to 
 
 "ail 
 
 ^^'^- «^ their havin. ^o^^; '^' "'^ ^^'''n' 'and. by v ^ 
 " 'he naiurt, and circiJn. '''"ftions therein 
 
 ** cnc IviZ)^ of Pi ' ■ 
 
 fiJcr his MaiefL ^- •• ) that thcv d'^ ^ ^' 
 
 ftat«? ^f ^^ajcfty, ^j ^„ , facy did not con- 
 
 /■ ■ ■ the 
 
 f( 
 
 it 
 *( 
 it 
 «( 
 <( 
 << 
 
 n 
 ti 
 
 i( 
 t( 
 
 4( 
 (( 
 
 it 
 
 €l 
 
 if 
 
 ''- < M. ^ ' 
 
■^T- — 
 
 ff^" 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 V; 
 
 \ 1 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 I*' 
 
 *"'J I' 
 
 ;K ■^. 5 
 
 f^ 
 
 ''!!i 
 
 I '^4 J 
 
 thf foinny, a^ to haw ."i;-p!ic.l tor n. f;r,int of tn'O niil- 
 lioiis ,111(1 \\\<- hunclrtd thiiuriiii' irrc"' <>t lin !, wij'iirx 
 ( «s CoUukI M.ih'< allirmcJ) tlu* . I^u*i>,.l l".,.-.ijrtfs cf 
 r/'rf7»///.; .---In-liiks di'.l run the houfcotlniri^i-lli, of"' Ii.it 
 colony in till vrii I 701), recoj^jiizc tho rij'Jit oi' f he 
 l.iia; . IxMJplu by tlu Kinj.' .It Toi t A/.?'/ c/a, to 1)1 in ilu 
 *-!■ • ':" J'l.yjjnii: Did they, by tlu* iliL^htclt intin\.i- 
 ^" ■• '^^V^j.V *^» that his M.ijc i'ty w.i'^ '^nl; ns ,7 tniji.i For 
 t i M 'M t]ic' ftati- »•( I'irr^iiiiti, Skc. t)n the roiitrarVi 
 liia t'liy iiui l«)ii( it trom liitn furf/wrtnilu/jniits, *' In 
 i'lLir'Uiir the r:,hi:\'i /'wJ^i/irs" ami lijuthnt, 
 that a i!;!-cat part of th;^t valua'olc conntrv lyiui; on 
 the ^A/c, hclow ihi. mouth of {\\c(>n:t A ^ /;/'•./ -;<•,/, 
 A?/. A' cCilJto his Majr/ly by ihcNorthfin h'.Juiu.t^ 
 would be fcparatcd and divitlcd from the liiitijo 
 tcnirory, on the upper part of Ifo!/U-n*s river, th< 
 (ht\it Kcnh.iw.iy anil the SA,/, and thai thi, It-tik- 
 ments, which ihay he attcniprcd in tlulc quartets, 
 will, in all probability, be utterly deltroycd; an.l 
 tliat great extent of country, from the moiuh ot 
 ** KenhiiWii to the Cherckre river, &c. /'o vcr\ Litety 
 
 ** ceded to his Mnjefty^ would be abantloned, 8cc.'* 
 
 If the houfe of burgclfes of F/r^w>na had conceived the 
 King had a right only to purchafc, as a truftcCi &c. 
 why did they give themi'elvcs the trouble of mentioning 
 thefe loiles and inconveniences?— for if the novel doc- 
 trine was true, as is now fct up, the grant made at 
 
 Fort Stanwix to the Xing, as foon as it had pajjedy 
 from the Six Nations i — vejied \mmci\\^ic\y in the legi- 
 slature of Virginia, , • * 
 
 To conclude and finally to difmifs this fubjcifl,— wc 
 fhall only cite the declaration of Mr. Preiident Blair 
 and the Council of that colony hi October, 1770, to 
 the Earl of Hili/borough, fecretaiy of ftate to George 
 |l^c Third. — -" We do not prefurae to fay, to whom 
 
 \ " oiir 
 
 «( 
 
 4< 
 4( 
 <{ 
 <{ 
 *t 
 «i 
 it 
 4t 
 
f 
 
 ' Oi two Tuil.. 
 
 l'u-"ijnt-s cj' 
 •gflVt .c)ri!i;it 
 ii}',lit (It' fhc 
 to 1)1 ill iIk 
 litcit iiuin\,i- 
 7 tnijf: , fol- 
 ic rontriiiVi 
 
 il li'McllIlt, 
 
 iti'v 1 villi', oil 
 .'/ S.t'/:h,ru'.i^ 
 c'lii /','./.'ii/;.r, 
 the /hln/h 
 's river, the 
 t thu Ittik- 
 le quart*. IS, 
 roycd ; ati-l 
 c inoiuli ot 
 7 I'ery Litefy 
 a, i^c."-— 
 )nctived the 
 
 mentioning 
 : novel doc- 
 tnt made at 
 had pitjjedy 
 
 in the Icgi- 
 
 ibjc(5l, — wc 
 fident i5/(fl/> 
 , 1770, to 
 B to George 
 ', to whongt 
 
 « oiir ' 
 
 '^j 
 
 J 
 
 '"■^■'"'•^-■..un,|.;: ,;^;:.;f''>- 
 
 aiiee for m; 
 
 cVc. 
 
 '^' l"-^^'"ne ,0 ,,i,, _„; 
 
 ui'inion upo/i. 
 
 ( 1 I ' "^ "I UK I iiiniiv Oi II I 
 
 n.eaiiav." '*"> ^^' '^ ^^'''^ .i,ul p,,,j ,,, 
 
 ^'•^•••'vorA,...,;.... ....:.' V'^'"^' ^^V.;/, that the 
 
 r 
 
 'S 
 
 "' ' "i"'-. Wc .uc-;., ,'■'"'?", "'■ "/'■ of they/./ 
 
 '-''•■.■-#.«..„ /../;;;;„,•;:,,•"""";'' ''•'"• '■'••^■'> <iut .i,c 
 
 0-"K'.T ro TMK wrsrl r "' '"'"' """• 
 '"•'""■y Cover >l.cmou, 1? "''''; "'•" !'^"' "^ "'c 
 
 »''-h. nothing c'on ci ' "n;;':'';''""'' ''"--"'- 
 
 ^^c mo.1 amply p,„„j by „, ' " '/'"" "■""'' ■■'= can 
 Tl.e real and oJly obicfl o r\' ''^'" "°" ''-"S-- 
 
 for lands ,„ ,/.. ...„^X o> "' '" "-'-<! ,.ay„,c„t 
 
 ->d A'.o/.W..-.and <he h° e T? ''"i"''' "^'"S'"'- 
 "■••■m to .heir full ra,i,faaion "'°7 ^""Orably paid 
 
 of ;"-^-«/. .old ,he ./.;:;;:''" /';/7,-ffio»- 
 
 />./,.«„ FirginU and you .-.t , f„, ''**"" " "'* 
 
 ** people, 
 
 .■^lA 
 
Ti^rrm 
 
 'f 'I 
 
 '^ I 
 
 »! >l 
 
 ' I 1^0 ] 
 
 *' pfopir, " trhom yn\i compl.iin of, ,irr /.7/A./."- And 
 
 adcl.cl, ** We will give you/.nr hundrt\I loundif 
 
 ** Penv.f^lvani.i money, n^^ c^ihiitt^.r, fh;it noh iiniiic- 
 *' di.urlv m.ik/' n drni rt\c{^tnzutr t'u- An i^'s rty' t to all 
 «' thr hn<!, fl\ii jr,-, r., JJ i// /,-, h- /v; Maj ,:)\ .//>- 
 *♦ pointmrr.t^ IK tf-c co>'ti;;r,f I':; ^::t ," Ifoiii i cMclcis 
 will be* pUafc.l to rcfur to pi;;f :.'. : ^, thry wi'I lit, 
 th;it this reccr^nition rtlatiil {\n\\\\ 10 tlu' ^/'.v .\,iti:iis 
 Ijaving put ihc'n hnds ?//,./fT /A pi jtt-^ti?)! o[' the iiown 
 oi Efi<^!tin.I : and this .ijif- mis alio fiMin t!u' trc.ifir. IkKI 
 >vith tiuMii ill I75;>, hy tlu II()i)oiM!>le liU'iin: tjifi.ix 
 2.1 li'ini hi/?<rt ^nil (Icncral li'.t/iirrj^i') (th 11 .1 Major 
 in the (cr\ ice o^ J'trdlni i ) .it /.'.)' -j 7":^ .;//.-- -fiMU tlie 
 trc.uy hehl at Cirlijh-^ in the n\t)nth oi Sejueniher, 
 unci OAober, 175^, hy Riih.uJ Peters, J/ujc Acrris 
 ;'nil Hi'vjjmir Franklin^ J'Tips. Cummiflioners for 
 
 J\'nn/y!vafiiiif witli the Six \i!ti:Ks, ^'e. from tl\c 
 
 r9>rf/ inlirudlions to Sir D.ini<ci s Ofl-^jnic in 17;:;; 
 
 fri)!n the crcvn conunillloncrs, tlieir declaration to the 
 
 Six J\\ific':s at .-^Ihauy^ in I 7 'I, in thcfc words, 
 
 ** for although //';• i.jtnl is under the K'in{*'s gr.2'ernmenty 
 '* yet the property of Jelling il to ixn\< rf his Mijjejly^s ful>- 
 ** JcflSf having authority from him, we always corjider- 
 
 ** edr.s vejied in ycUf (the Six Nations) mu\ which 
 
 ** (country) weeverdidyM^AdoJlillacknowlege to belong 
 ** toyoUi lilth'jugh within y^ur father the king of Great 
 *' Britain^ s dominion A n n u n 1^ r R h 1 s p rot E c T ion ."* 
 
 That 
 
 : ( 
 
 
 "t'';l- 
 
 • The King of Fuj^huJ never rftecniCfl liiTr.filf in any other lijjlit than 
 4i an ,7//y, bound to piotc^ the /i.V, for tlic ia Satti/m; and that when 
 they fuhmitted t<)vir cnnntty to hit prcletlion,-"h gave hioi no title to il. 
 as he well knew, that no engagement hy one ilate, to guaranty anotlm 
 Hatoin its polletTjons, conid, hy any mode of conftruOim, be made ta 
 imply a right over fu( h pofFefllons. It is fit alfo to be obfcrved, and rc- 
 rricmbcrcd ^hat by the above fpecch, the right of the Six Sations to the 
 property, or /ionhuium ntt'r, of their country, was recogniztd and offtrtei 
 Jn the liiongeil mannpr by ao-wn ctmmijfiimtn from alniolt all the Ameri' 
 ft'i governments alTemhIed, and a^ng uodcr the immediate authorityt 
 and in the name of the King of BMgUml. 
 
 ■' t 
 
fii.ir- Atui 
 
 ><>u iii)nit'- 
 f riy/t to all 
 ('1/ .:\'' .//>- 
 Dill rc";ult'ts 
 uy \\i'I 111', 
 >/.v i\iiti'jns 
 the tiowu 
 
 flMfii > IkIiI 
 
 ;^>.' / ji' f.iX 
 11 .J Mi:j(,r 
 ■ • 'fi 'in tlie 
 Si-ptc'inbcr, 
 l.uic Acrris 
 loners fOr 
 — from the 
 
 117; '; 
 
 itiun lo the 
 ivords,— -— 
 overnnu'utt 
 <jj(jly*s fiil'- 
 lys corjtih'r- 
 -and luhiih 
 y to belong 
 g of Great 
 
 LCTION."* 
 
 That 
 
 her lit' lit than 
 nd that when 
 I no title to it, 
 iranty anotlm 
 n, be made ta 
 irrvcd, and rc- 
 Sations to the 
 J and affirted 
 all the yimeri' 
 ktc authorityt 
 
 f 
 
 /rXJt ,f;;,,;'',^^;'" ','"'''.1;"' "'ci.- I.mds „„J,, „,, 
 
 " '■"■'■I huh „,/,„,, ,,;■■,;; ; • "•■ '>""-v=r/,. ,„d 
 
 ;^c.--fVo,„ Colonel ^^.^jtr, ^,::'""*''. ^^'''--". 
 /"■■' l.y .he King of ^'^ ; j!^^ ^"'"vc .rea.y „as ..„. 
 
 »h. n he delivered a fp eeh f ^•:,. ^'""'" '^'onckton, 
 
 "f October .hey.h, ,-6; f'"™ '■>' ^^^-'P'ocIamauL 
 
 '-'d» .0 .he w/-../^:;S«''^'°"; '-.ling upon 
 declaring, ■• ,har ,1,, / , ■^""•^ '^''"'""w.- and 
 " '■ ,1. . """'""''""^andtrii 
 
 <( 
 
 » with whom we 
 
 UNDER OUR p 
 
 are 
 
 -"-*K OUR PROTECTION " (C \r 
 
 Pofc the treaty at ^/W and C 'f^ ^^ ^^- 
 
 ftrua 
 
 ^« of /«. 
 connefted, .„d ^^, /.^,^ 
 
 is pur- 
 ;iin. 
 :ioi)s 
 
 
:.^ >!■ 
 
 I'A 
 
 r'f 
 
 <' 'f; 
 
 «m ' 
 
 •{li 
 
 5 
 
 ^^ 
 
 if)' 
 
 Ci' 
 
 i li. .1 
 
 ■fJI 
 
 Ji 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ■J ' 
 
 
 •' 
 
 1 . .. 
 
 1% ' 
 
 h 
 
 I 
 
 12.^ 5 
 
 • t 
 
 (innf lions, c^'c ) *' lliouKI not be inoKi'cd in fnch 
 *' p.uts of our iloiuinion ;inil fen iioriis, ns ir* 
 *' A.KWA^i; hi'ii (till J /'/ .';/• /^tii cl<.'/'i(i hy :/>, fhould 
 ** be rrlVrvnl to tlum, o:c."---lioni ilic ii..iry at 
 frhnfn If,:/lt in I7('^! .iiul 1-6;, lidcl bv Sir //>///,•;;: 
 J ''nfouy rj.iroiut, with tlu Si\ !\ati.i:i^ tor the 
 iVftllnj^ of a houhtinrx linCy btiweeii their eDViiUi y, aiul 
 tliit of the V.'u^g of Fnc/.n,\i, auil to jnit ** :\ final endtj 
 '* ifil'liitr.s l.ciuetii /•/. jHt^i^h aiul )()«i, ;inti to ihj you 
 *• ■iii.'l itiUiie," <*vr. — I hi-, ^\a'^ a /•/! >'if'ii::.i> ; treaty, 
 
 je(|>ei^tit)Mi!(* /•.•.'.•././/> It \vill appear aho, liuit tlie 
 
 Six I\,iti:iis h.ul only put i!u if laiul*; muli r //•r//-7r.7/ v 
 of tl»c rrrwn '.f EnrJ,! i!^ aiul liad Kot iold ihcni— fi oiii (//■; 
 Cdiyi letter to the governor oi Prnv/yl-ii'ri.i u^ i-oM. 
 Froi\i the nuflaj;r* ot !^';< j^o^'crnor to the general aireni- 
 blv of that nn)\ince, and /Af /V anlwer ; 5cc.— -.roin 
 the fpterh of t!>e .V .v \,:fi';ns to ilie A7>.<;'.f deputy lii- 
 perintendani of /'/(/.(i/; afl'aiis at />/ / /V//, in Mav fol- 
 lowing: I-Vcjr />'\ //<7...'- ;?/ r,/7 7,'^;/,"./'.f ihUrr/s^ May 
 
 3 iff, in the I'anu year, /: the r:in i il (iv.J h'Aiff -^f Ihtr- 
 ^rjjt^ of thai ( oioiiy, wheitin lie faid, ** Thiii a let 
 ** of m<Mi, repardh is of liic laws of natural jufriee, 
 ** immlndful of the duties they 'jue to fouetv, an«l in 
 " contcn-.pt of royal proclamations, l\JVi' durt'd to fittlt 
 •* thi'TfU'ilviS vpon the liindif )u\ir lit d Stent' Crcck^ nnd 
 J,** Cheat Rivert w men akk i in. i-Rori rty oi i iir. 
 
 ** iNiHANS." And it will moreover he apparent 
 
 from the treaty at Fort Stuniuix 1768, held (in purfu- 
 ancc of orders, from the king of Great Jiritain) by Sir 
 "William "Johnjcn^ the Govt rnor, and chief JujiiceofMeiv- 
 Jcrfeyf njui commijpioners for Virginiaj and Pennfyha' 
 nidy with chiefsof the 5/.V Nations^ DeLiivarrs Shaw- 
 
 vrfey ar. That the crovjn^ at that time, purchafed 
 
 for the confideration of ten thoufand four hundred, 
 and fixty pounds 7/ 3</ fterling, and other coniidera- 
 
 tions 
 
 1-i 
 
 «'*:! 
 
in Tnch 
 , (IS v* 
 
 , ihouM 
 
 lu.iTv at 
 ir H lilti^m 
 tor the 
 tUi y, aiul 
 inal end to 
 to do yoti 
 f. ;• tn.ny, 
 , ti»at the 
 
 -iVom^""' 
 ,/ in I "<>'»• 
 •ral alVcin- 
 
 . . I oin 
 
 Jcputy lu- 
 ll May lol- 
 Inii, May 
 /; / liui- 
 li It a fet 
 il jurrice, 
 y, uMtl ii\ 
 fdfo/.ttlc 
 rcrkt nr.tl 
 or 1 in. 
 apparent 
 liii ptuiu- 
 \n) by Sir 
 •eo/Nt'iv- 
 \entifylv^'' 
 •s Shaw- 
 irchaicJ 
 Lundred) 
 )n(idera- 
 tions 
 
 [ 129 ] 
 
 lions incntioncil in the grant from the Six Nati^tjs td 
 the King, all the country dcfcribtd therein, to wit. — - 
 from the .'fl/t^i^<vi,' Mountain to the river Ohic^ 8<c. cx- 
 ttptinj' that part, which is the property of the pro- 
 prietors ot Ituliiuia. Having llujs by this liinunary 
 
 train, ncalUd tlu fc iniportant LviXs to the attention ok" 
 oui iiitlcis, we hojie il will have been reniavkeil by 
 llicin, thai not tht rma!LI\ notice was taken of the l.iin~ 
 i>i/lfr tri-tity ;--AuA that it was not even once mentioned 
 or referred to by any perfon, adting under authoriiy of 
 the M'f^ of /V/?.''/.i//(/:--eitlicr by his C'Ciwrals, ftiperin- 
 tt'nJ.uits '.f hh\ian i^iihsy or any of liis dot'crncrs of 
 proviiHi «, and ilKrcfore, we apprcliLiid, we might be 
 ixtufcti, it 'vt palled (ncv in lilonce, the afieriion of 
 ('ohful Alaj'ry that the triat\ fjf l.ancajler^ confirmed 
 by thiit '// L^jii{s Tcit'n^ tran^fi rred the lands for the 
 
 v/i '■f the jiiit.r/yirpinia. However, wc truft, wc 
 
 Ihall he parihrni d, if wc take a (urfory review of the 
 treaty of A\C.',''^ T'::^';, fei up, ;is w'cll as that of Lafi- 
 ».://</• upon the prettnt occafion, 10 afiV^t the rights of 
 
 the proprietors of //.7//rt;/<z. Liiher the two treaties, 
 
 of Lanio/ifrf and i\i:g^s Tcuvy are not good, or 
 they do not, as we {h,\\\ fliew, militate in the Icafl 
 
 againll that right. With refpeft to the firll, after 
 
 what has been cited, and the obfcrvatious we have 
 made upon it, we (hall only fay, that i^thefc, are not 
 abundantly fufiicieni to deflroy it, the treaty from it's 
 
 generality is certainly void. It has no certain bounds, 
 
 wh.ich all deeds from I\idians have, that arc made on 
 
 fair, and honorable grounds: And there never was 
 
 an InAance, where the Six Nations did not bound their 
 grants, by natural land marks, as Mountains, Rivers, 
 Creeksy err .--of by fome other plain defcription, w hich 
 they could ealily recoUe^l, and teach to their chil* 
 drcn.'^— In ihc body of this trtfaty^ the commifliondr* 
 
 R . 
 
 ul 
 
 ''fs^' 
 
i.' i 
 
 r' 
 
 \i. 
 
 V 
 
 I'' '< 
 
 111 
 
 •I- 
 
 
 L 130 :i 
 
 0/ l'iti;inia obfcrvoJ, we will now proccfd ro /rttL-, 
 what wo arc to g".\t' yoii for any right you have, or 
 have h.iJ to all tiic lanJa fQUth-warJ anJ ux /iuftni of 
 4MjfyltVul juJ I\nn/y/:'t:>iia :'-"Wh\c\\ at any rait, ib a 
 gooil dLlcri|)rion tor halt* iht WorUij anU ihi-n, they 
 icll the IniiiiV.s^ that th».y will give tluni ^)Oo / , Prnn- 
 fylvaniii money if iluy will excccntc a dccvl ** rcioijfii?- 
 ing the ktnpj^ right toall thclauils, that ;ircor ihallbr 
 by his !SLi}tjlj\ al^puntm.nt in the ahn; ^/ I'lrrinj/* 
 Ah the ICin|;, in no inll.incc, tliai we have hccn able 
 to find, ever claimtvl a rij'hi to ihc lands of the Six 
 tWitionSy but in confciinciuc of / urihu/e^ and as this 
 claufc refers to their having put their lands, undrr the 
 crown s protcHioH^ it woidd be a w.ifte of time, to makt 
 farther remarks upon it; — for if the treaty of Lanca- 
 ficr had not been confidered by the King, as a nullity, 
 certainly fome of the many treaties made between the 
 years 1744 and 176^, would have at leait once men- 
 tioned, or referred to it : And if the defcription, of 
 all the lands, that his Majefty '* had appoint ed^ cr 
 ** /bould appoint within the colony of Virginia " intend- 
 ed any thing, it meant to give the King a right to bound 
 that colony, Wherever he pUafcd. What then be- 
 comes of boailcd chnrtur pretenfions and boundaries.— 
 For the words ** had appointed or Jbould appoint " can- 
 not rcafonably be \uiderOood in any other fcnfc; than 
 that the king pu&,iTcd the undoubted rigtAt of limiting 
 and bounding Virginia^ which he afterwards did, by 
 the Jiit'gany Mountain, as may be feen by hit royal 
 proclamation of 1 763,— by his indruAions to feveral of 
 his governors of that colony,— —and by extending the 
 boundaries of yandali^y eaftward to the Allegany Moun- 
 tain.'-^-U SLtij doubts however (hould remtin of the 
 infufficiency of the treaty of tancafler, the treaty of 
 I'Og^t Town, and the orders given to the commiffion- 
 ^-^.. - .> ers. 
 
 R • i^'i 
 
d to fettle, 
 )u have, or 
 
 ji/Iwnrd cf 
 
 y rait, is ,\ 
 
 il»i'n, tlicy 
 
 lO / , Pfun- 
 
 it or ih:\ll V'- 
 
 c been able 
 oi' the Six 
 uMiI as this 
 i, under thi 
 DC, to make 
 ^ of Lance- 
 ts a nullity, 
 X'twccu the 
 once mcn- 
 ription, of 
 pointed^ or 
 " inicnd- 
 ht to bound 
 t then bc- 
 indaries.-— 
 \tint " can- 
 [nfci than 
 )f limiting 
 [s did, by 
 hit royal 
 Ifevcral oi 
 [ding the 
 1^ Mwn- 
 of the 
 [treaty of 
 imiffion- 
 crs 
 
 [ '3' ] 
 
 frs of ri/f»i»»rt would fufilucntly clear up the matter.— 
 The (i>>viiii()r of that colonv in thclc orders, fivs, that 
 ** as /i,»»i^ douhts hive arifen iih'Ait thr treaty cf Lane all cr 
 ** and fur mi/ft have been fprcail, as if the Six Xationt 
 ** th'ju^ht thitn/ehes impofed upon hv ;7,"— He therefore 
 diretfled tlic conuniHioncrs ui h.ivc tlu treaty fully cx- 
 plaiiu J and to •• obtain a confirmation, if poflible."— — 
 this Ihcws, that a>. loon as the Six IWxti'.ns iinderrtood 
 the treaty, and iIl jd made at LanrA/iery their apprehen- 
 
 lion ot tmpojitr.n^ was fully eftablilhcd It alio proves 
 
 that the dovernor thought fo too, or 'jvhy aflc fr)r the 
 C'jnjirmition of a thing, which jlhotild be good without 
 
 it.' When the half King of \\h- Six Nat ions ^ 
 
 <3e. reiiding upon the Ohio^ aic pred'ed for a re- 
 cognition of the treaty of Laneajicr^ ihcy make t!ic 
 following anfwers j which furnifh the cleared evidence, 
 that in the opinion of thefe NaticnSy tliey had been de- 
 ceived i and when the commiHioncrs produced the Lan- 
 eajier deed avuX treaty, and fpoke to the half King 6c.---' 
 They replied, the Onondagi. -. ouncil never told them, 
 that they had (old further, than the warriors road at 
 th: foot of the Jllegany Mountain, and they would con- 
 firm whatever they had done. On the loth of June, 
 the commiifioners again ftrongly folicited them to give 
 a deed of confirmation, and the Indians next day an- 
 fwcrcd, ** Brother the Governor of Virginia, we arc 
 ** well acquainted, that our chief council at the treaty 
 " of Lancajier, confirmed a deed to you foh a qju an- 
 it T-jTY OF LAND IN ViRHiNiA, which you havc a 
 *' right to;— and likewife our brother Onas has a right 
 
 " io a parcel of lands in Pennfylvania We are glad 
 
 *' you have acquainted us with the right to thofe lands, 
 ** and afTure you, we are willing to confirm any thing 
 *' our council has done, in regard to the lands; but, -we 
 ^* never underfioody before you told us yejlerday, that 
 
 " the 
 
 
 *-■.•-' 
 

 k" . . , 
 
 -^'- 
 
 I,' - 
 
 
 i 
 
 1^ 
 
 i>', 
 
 w 
 
 J * 
 
 t 
 
 
 .••<J 
 
 '1 
 
 ::Mi 
 
 , 1 
 
 li 
 
 
 II 
 
 ^^1l 
 
 'Ml 
 
 i .-. *■ 
 
 ;o -i' 
 
 •♦■w^- 
 
 
 ^■^' 
 
 id 
 
 V^-K 
 
 [ ^32 1 
 
 '* f*fc' /<snrf; thfn foiJy "vucre to extend farther to the fun 
 " fittihgt than the hill on the other fide the j4ilegany 
 ** /////, fo thai wc can give you no farther anfwcr/*— 
 The Indians then dcfircd the Governor of Virginia 
 ** vtouid build a Jlrong hoiife at the forks 5/ Monong-htla 
 " to keep fuch goods, powder, IcaJ, &c. in, as fhould 
 ** be wanting-,*'— and ** as to lands, which the 0hi9 
 ** company wanted to fettle, the Indians only obicrved, 
 ** that they might build a ftrong hoitfc op/cr/ ;*'-.— but 
 with rcfpccl 10 ihufc (lands ) which the coniiTjiflioners 
 had allccd for at Monongehcb^ ** they (the conimif- 
 ** iioners) imagined the Indians had given up the lands 
 '* upon that river;— but they only meant, ground fuf- 
 *^ fcient for the fort to fland upont ^s appeared by % 
 •* private convcrfation with the Half Kingy who faid, 
 ** that was all that was intended." 
 
 June the 13th, the Indians remarked, " We have 
 heard what you faid, in regard to the King's delign 
 of m .iking a fettlement of his people on the waters 
 of the river Ohio ; you likcwifc told us that you had 
 '* a deed for the lands, figned by our council at 'he 
 •' tTC2Lty of Lancajfer. Wc alVure you of our willing - 
 ^* i^efs to agree to what our council does^ or has cone , 
 ^* hut "ue have not the full power here, in our hands t m 
 *< Ohio, We mud acquaint o'u* Council 9,t OnondagOt 
 •• of the aflTafr; and whatever thft bid us do— 
 ^* WE WILL DO} snd in regard to your reguejitet huild 
 ** aftrong houff at Monongehela, you told u», it would 
 <* require a fettlement 10 fupport it with provil^nt 
 *• and ncccflarics, and it is trucj hut w* wiUtaki ^rt% 
 f* that there Jball ht no fcarcity of that kindt UK^ ire 
 •* can give you A fULL answer.**— -Is H pbffible to 
 eonccire, if thel:iinds on the Ohio had be«ri conveyed 
 by the treaty of lj>^?ieafter^ that the in^*«ilf# vtojweM. 
 feftlc4upoa theta» aod cfpeciallj the Uiftff Xhspui^^, 
 
 n 
 <( 
 
 'M^'. 
 
 '\. .;^ 
 
 .ii-jfji 
 
to thf fun 
 'e /flUgany 
 infwcr/* — 
 )f y'lrginia 
 lonong'htla 
 , 1% fhould 
 \\ the 0hi9 
 f obicrveU, 
 irt ."—but 
 iHuiflioncrs 
 c conimir- 
 p the lands 
 ground fxif~ 
 :arcd by a 
 , who faid, 
 
 ' We have 
 
 n^i dellgn 
 
 I the watersi 
 
 lat you had 
 
 ncil at 'he 
 
 ur willing - 
 
 has cone ; 
 
 handsi at 
 
 Onondago, 
 
 vs DO— 
 
 efitii build 
 
 s, it would 
 
 provii^nt 
 
 #«^/ fijlr/| 
 
 ffible to 
 conveyed 
 
 [ ^33 1 - 
 
 ibofe of the Six Nations^ (hould be ignorant o^ it. 
 Their idea of this treaty was only, that their chiefs had 
 conveyed a quantity of land on the other fide (the eaftern 
 iide'^ of the y^llegany hills.— And it is evident befidesy 
 from tlic following fpcech of the comniffioncrt at Logg's 
 Tov/nt to the Haff King, &c. that they had no other 
 dcdgnf with rcfpeft to the lands upon the (Jbio, but 
 of taking them and the Indians yunder thi Kin^ s pntecJtion : 
 Thi» appears alfo from a part of the treaty of Lancaf- 
 ieff — the treaty at Albany in 1754, and General 
 Braddock*s inftru^ioiis, &c.— ? — The fpcech above al- 
 luded to, was as follows: 
 ** Brethren, 
 " We asslre you, tha-^ the King,' our Fa-. 
 
 ** ther, BT PURCHASING YOUR LANDS, HAD NEVER 
 '* ANY INTENTIONS 01 TAKING THEM FROM YOU, 
 
 *' but that we might live together as one jHrople, and 
 ** keep them from the French^ who would be bad neigh- 
 " hours:' 
 
 If this was not the intention cT the commiflloners, it 
 is a clear acknowledgment, iliat the Indiant were 
 either deceived or defrauded, and effe«5lually deftroys 
 the tre'ty. Notwith(landin3 they repeatedly informed 
 the commiffiopers, they had no authority to confirm 
 the treaty o^ l^ncafler% and that the right was in the 
 Onondago council, — yet the commiflloners periifted in 
 "^refliog their requefty a^d the JnSans continued in 
 pefttfingy till taken aiade by Montour^ \ht interpreter, 
 (at dniokso and proftituted a perfon, as could have 
 betpfpund in all the colonieti far the purpoie)-<i^who 
 pctvaitcti upon the Indians^ contrary to their reiter- 
 . At€d,fi0r<|rapcet oi want of power, to iign the deed of 
 ' coafirmatioDi**— But what avails a ^ttd. for lands ob- 
 ,>;.t»bedr^€iire foggeftions, and ^m peri^ns too, who 
 dcfdfir^ aflio i|ii4 k^gain they h^d no ^Vthoritf rehltiye 
 to Ikfll^.? . the 
 
 ti 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 .«i. 
 
 
 » < 
 
 I 
 
 ; 1 
 
 ■■y4 
 
 •'i?*^ 
 
 #-< 
 
I' 
 
 \L : 
 
 I'' 
 
 ,•»' ;l 
 
 11''^ 
 
 Jt ,/. 
 
 
 > ' 
 
 If 
 
 >■■! 
 
 C 134 ] 
 
 The purchafc by the crown of the country on the 
 fouth eajhrn fide of the Ohio, in 1768, at Fcrt Stati" 
 ivix, is the ftrongcft proof of the infufficicncy of the 
 treaty of Lancajiefy-iov why buy the hmii again, 
 which it is alledged, had been purchafed by that trcary? 
 Docs not the contracting with the fame Indian, admit 
 the owncrfhip to be in them^ and did not the King of 
 England accept a grant from them at Fort Stanvjix? 
 wherein the Six Aations were at that lime acknowledg- 
 iCd,'~-the true and ahfolute proprietors of the country** 
 And did not the King's purchafing under their title, 
 confirm the right of the Six Nations to the country, 
 of which the lands fo bought, were a part?— Verbal 
 acknowledgments coil nothing, but a valuable pcvuiriary 
 confideration (to wit, / 10460 : 7 : 3 fir* in, Vc 
 fum paid to the grantorsi and other confiderauons ex- 
 prcfled in the proceedings of Fort Stanwix) is never 
 given as the price of any thing, without a full con- 
 , vi<Jlion of th: fellers abfolute property in it. — If the 
 treaty of Lnncajlcr conveyed aii the lands within the char- 
 tered boundary from Jea tofea, as is the prefcnt doflrine 
 In Virginia^ why did not Mr. Walker, commiflioner 
 for that colony, who attended the treaty of Fort Stanwix, 
 frotefi againft a purchafe, whicb circumfcribed it's 
 boundary ?-«-And why did not the general aflcmbly of 
 Virginia remonftratt to the throne, againft this in- 
 fra^on of their charter ?"-but the plea of charter and 
 immeafurable boundaries* were not thought of at that 
 period.— AH were then humble petitioners, foliciting 
 indulgences for a more extended boundary, than was 
 fuggefted by the board of trade, and *' they did not 
 ** prefume to fay, to whom their gracious foTereign 
 « (hould grant his vacant lands, on the back oJ^ 
 ** VinGiNiA.'*— At all tvents, if the treaty j»£ £411 
 cajler was a good onei does not a fnbTeqiieM treaty. 
 
 COITCCi* 
 
 
 « 
 
 f 
 
try on the 
 Fort Stan* 
 ncy of the 
 mis again, 
 hat trtary? 
 arS' admit 
 he King of 
 Stanwix ? 
 knowledg- 
 e country** 
 their title, 
 ic country, 
 ?— Verbal 
 c pecuniary 
 r*' in\ '^'C 
 rauoiis ex- 
 :) is never 
 I full con- 
 lit. — If the 
 inthe char- 
 It doftrine 
 nmifGoner 
 t Stanwix, 
 ribed it's 
 fembly of 
 this in- 
 rter and 
 of at that 
 foliciting 
 than wait 
 did not 
 IfoTcrcign 
 ACK Of 
 
 trenty 
 correft* 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 [ -'35 1 
 
 I orre«rt, alter, explain, or fet afide a preceding one ? 
 This is the conAant and invariable practice of all 
 nations. '*~ 
 
 It was further infiflcd upon by Colonel Mafon^ tbdt 
 if the houf( of delegates gave up the treaty of Lancaftett 
 they 'would furnifh the neighbouring states ^oith the h*fl 
 arguments ^ for a share in our back lands .-'therefore^ it 
 is expedient y that this treaty fbould be fupportedy as the 
 intercfls of the flate are concerned in it ; -"and the only 
 vjay to prevent other states from claiming the 
 BACK LANDS wculd be to infiji Jlrongly on the right cf 
 pre-emption. 
 
 We fliall make hut a few fhort obfervationt upon . 
 thcfe curious arguments. Right or wrong, it fecms, 
 however, the treaty of Lancajler was to be maintained. 
 It has been, we hope, incontcftibly proved,— that it 
 conveyed no property to the crown of England, fave a 
 fmall quantity of land to the ea/i-ward of the j4lUgany 
 Mountain; — and that, as well by various fubfcquent I*"** 
 treaties and tranfa^ions, as from its generality, it was 
 abfolutely void. It is evident, we prefume alfo, that ^* 
 the King did not efteem the treaty of Lancajler, of any 
 the fmalleft validity, having, in no inftance, ever re* 
 ferred to it, either in his negociations with the^King o£ 
 France, or in any treaties held pofterior to it with the 
 Six Nations;— B\it Colonel Mafm grcitly depended 
 ctpon the treaty of Lancafter, and faid, as has been 
 ftated, " if it was given up, it would fumiih the 
 '* neighbouring ilktcs with the b^ arguments, for a 
 ** ihare in our back lands.** — ^This fliews the extreme 
 feeblcnc;is of the claims founded upon fuch a treaty, 
 aa^ that abetter mfoas cquld be affigned to ▼indictie 
 % thtti tlim^«|lkS<i% hcve bfeii mentioned, 
 jv £;S^^^^ androojfl deilrtiaive 
 
 mfpJlXkdmpFhuaf^rtperti^ init thefcfore 
 ild^ol diit reptoachfol tranfadion^ As to the 
 
 ■^/ 
 
 1 
 
 
w 
 
 I ^ ' 
 
 la" . 
 
 
 hi' 
 
 I 
 
 m-- 
 
 I 
 
 pii 
 
 K ■ 
 
 n 
 
 nu 
 
 
 
 .li 
 
 II. 
 
 H 
 
 ■fi^ 
 
 \: 
 
 i 
 
 *^. 
 
 '\ 
 
 
 i:- 
 
 '.%■ 
 
 n 
 
 !l-.W 
 
 fli 
 
 
 
 [ '36 J 
 
 right of pre-emptiortf to prevent the other itatcs froni 
 claiming the back Uniis% it cannot be neceffary to fay 
 more, 'han if the tfcaty of Lancajier has been (hewn, 
 as we truft it has, to be of no efl'cd, except only as to 
 fomc lands to the cajiwardof the /^//r^aw^- Mountain ; 
 a clainft from fuch a fourcc as pre-empt ion ^ is not of 
 the lead importance to the undoubted right of the 
 Untied States^ or that of the proprietors of Indiana, 
 
 Colonel Mil/on next iniifted, that countenancing the 
 grantf to the proprietors of Indiana^ •would exclude Or 
 
 fundf vjhich might befccured to the Sate, by the/ale 
 
 We admit it, and fo it ought The cftaic of lord 
 
 Jr,,^/'*x, Colonel Ala/on^ or any other rich perfon in 
 FiV^ would (if it was thought expedient to pafs 
 
 anothci ex pojl fa^o law, and declare their title void) 
 fell for, and produce a very large fund to the trcafury 
 oiyirginiiU The liift objection, made by Colonel Ma- 
 foUi which we think of fuificicnt importance to take 
 notice of was, ** that Do^or l^'alker fubfcribed the 
 ** grant to the proprietors of Indiana, as a bye Jiander" 
 
 Doctor Walker, it will have been fcen, was appointed 
 tinder the feal of the colony of Virginia, a commijfioner 
 •• TO SETTLE a boundary line between that colony, 
 ** and the colonics of Maryland KCid Pennfylvania, and 
 •^ the feveral Natioris «/ Indians concerned) dfc,** and 
 for this purpofe, he was required by his cpmmiffion 
 ** to attend at a Congrefs at Fort Stanwix, to be held 
 ** under the Dire^hn of SWiniiiatn John/on, agreeable 
 *' to his Majefty*s inftru^ions: &c.^ And it willappear 
 alfobythejournalsof this rretty, that he aififted in skt- 
 LiNC the fame, and joined Sir William Jcknjhn^ and 
 the other'^rown ctmmifSoners in declaring to the Six 
 Nations, " you now fee the govimor of thoi Jtrf^ys, 
 « the entmifiomri oh lielj^f ^f tfiej|OY ci^or t^FiV- 
 " ginia, nhd comml(R0iMr$fimPiiUt/yh^ in or- 
 
 •« det 
 
 
 
her rtatcs froni 
 cceflary to fay 
 s been flicwn, 
 t-pt only as to 
 «>• Mountain ; 
 '^«, is not of 
 
 right of the 
 of Indiana. 
 tenanciuL' the 
 tld exclude a. 
 y thefale. — 
 ^aic of lord 
 ch pcrfon in 
 ^icnt to pafs 
 r title void) 
 the trcafury 
 -olonel Ma^ 
 "ce to take 
 ftribed the 
 y^Jiander," 
 s appointed 
 'ommij/isner 
 at colony, 
 vania^ and 
 
 *r.** and 
 
 ^ommiifion 
 
 to be held 
 
 agreeable 
 "^ni appear 
 
 '»>«4 and 
 o the Six 
 
 Mi, it or- 
 
 t ^i7 ] 
 
 ^ome Of the articles of .^..L'^, ^^ ^-"owing, are 
 
 That .,.;;, of the ;»r.W,;,,/ ,"*" '' '^' ^ing, 
 ^ny attempt: on t\^Z^:):2'T.''''''''^ "-'^c 
 
 << 
 
 (( 
 
 If 
 
 4( 
 
 f( 
 
 f( 
 (( 
 <( 
 
 •i / . 'f** "" "Hir (the /m^ n ."'"'" ">aicc 
 
 "' ""^ny of ,1.0(1 .hi,,,,. ^;:' •" '•'« -y" Nations f.id » 
 «;■■»'. '-<• /..vyVr., WE ,v. ' '" °''^" 'O 
 
 '^^ y-'-.go, in.y have "'tr; "'"'■""""-* 
 7^" give .lK,n ,lown ,he ^fe '^"^ "'^ '»»ds. we 
 
 '-^ "7'-.y/. U,a, i, ,,,„ b "^'' *°"'d .t fo happen. 
 
 dcfired."-I„ ,he deed oVceffiol. ^ "»"'« been 
 ; land, c,,, .„ ,,;„ „t'.';*^^f y«.o„Uho,d.hc 
 
f^ 
 
 i'.' 
 
 fc 
 
 (C 
 
 c 
 
 
 r 138 ] 
 
 anit Mr. U\ilkcr, and the other commiifionerfy 
 
 ** STRENC THEHED RATIFIED AND CONFIRMED 
 
 the heuHiUry jiiJ ML iransactions ncce&saRT 
 THERETO," and ihcn told the Six Nations, that, 
 he confidcrfd ihe'iv i^coJ intentions towards the tra- 
 ** ders, who had fuftaincd the lolTcs, and their'dcfire 
 to fulfil all thtir engitgemcntSt as injfanccs of their 
 integrity.**-— \ad immediately afterwards, addrefs- 
 ing hiinfcU to Mr. IValket , and the other Commilion- 
 crs,-— Sir li'illiAm obfcrvcd, " That agreeable to his 
 ** Aldji'Jly^s inllr;i«lti()ns, he took the liberty of recom> 
 •' niending it ftroni»ly to *heir fcvcral provinces, to 
 ** ena^l the moft eft'e^lual laws for the obfervance of 
 ** the line i and the relidnce,-.—hc added, which the In- 
 ** dians had on theih justice, from the afTurance 
 *< he had given them ort that head, had proved great 
 '** inducements to the fettlemcnt of it,** — To which Mr. 
 IValker, in behalf < 'irginia, joined the governor of 
 Jerfey and the com .liffioners, in faying — *' That 110- 
 " thing fhould be*- wanting on their parts, to the ob- 
 ** taining fuchficurity for the boundary, as-was deemed 
 ^<> necefiary on their return to their rcfuc^tivc colonies.^ 
 Can siny man, or body of men, fuppofe, after 
 reading thefc fa£b,— -that Mr. Walker figned the deed 
 to the traders or to Mr. Croghan^ •• us a bye-bander i**— 
 but^t is 6t to be known, that he declared on oath, be- 
 fore the houfe of delegates of Virginia^ at the hearing 
 before that houfe, on the part of the proprie^rs of 
 Indiana, and when he thought he had only fubfcribcd 
 the deed to thefe gentlemen, as a c&mm4n ivi/s^,— that * 
 he would have done it, , as QfrnmiJ/ionei' for Virginia, if 
 he had b«cn called upon to do it, in that charaRer, 
 4U Sir Wittiam Jobnfon told him, the boundary line could 
 not ^e got, without the grant was made /« the trtd^i 
 The/aA however is» that Mr. fji^#r ^^^ ftibf^^ribe fh 
 
 ( 
 
 ,.-r.# 
 
 grant 
 
 ;^^t 
 
 -f 
 
nnj{fioner«f 
 N !• I R M £ n 
 
 ECESSART 
 
 ionSt that, 
 ds the tra- 
 Lhcir'dcfirc 
 cci of their 
 s, addrcfs- 
 bmmi^on- 
 ablc to his 
 y of rccom- 
 rovinccs, to 
 afcrvancc of 
 >hich the In- 
 he aflurance 
 droved great 
 3 which Mr. 
 governor of 
 .«* That no- 
 I, to the ob- 
 -was deemed 
 vc colonie*'** 
 pofc, after 
 (cd the deed 
 
 oathi be- 
 
 |ihc hearing 
 
 ipricyrs of 
 
 fubfcribed 
 
 ifB*/jf,-that 
 
 Wirginiay if 
 
 charaflfrt 
 
 line could 
 
 ibf<fribetli<: 
 
 grant 
 
 tc 
 
 C '39 3 
 
 giant of Indiana^ and the ouc to Mr. Crcghan, In ihcfc 
 words. *' Thomas Wii ktr commismonek ior 
 •* V IRC IN I A, as may be fcen by the original deeds, 
 ** new in P/'i!iiJt'//hia:—hui enough has been obfcrvcd 
 upon this fiibjcdk to Ihew, that the government of 
 Virginia was a partj to all the tranfa^lions of the treaty 
 of Fort Stanwix, and conl'cqucntly bound, and con- 
 ».ludcd by the a«^ts of its ccmmijfioncr , for ** in public 
 ** compads with fovercign princes, or other confliiu- 
 ** lional governors, made by their de/futies or agents, 
 the law of n.itiuT (and nations) is the fame as in 
 promifes, \»'hich individuals make by proxy: —what 
 the deputies ^;, under authority of therr public 
 commirtion, binds their priniipals, even though 
 they exittd fonic private inllrudlions, which tlicir 
 principals had given them."* 
 Colonel Mafcn concluded his nrguments againft the 
 proprietors of Indiana^ by faying,-i-If we have in this 
 cafe deviated from the rules of JiriB dijlributive juflice, 
 the falus pcpulit'—io which I have (o often referred in 
 this houfc, has been the incitement, and it has been 
 expedient for the good of the commonwealth. He then 
 moved the houfe to come to certain refolutions, and 
 June the 17th, 1779, the legiflature oi Virginia paflcd 
 a law, refpe£ling the right of pre'emption^ and therein 
 declared the title of the proprietor! of Indiana to be 
 utterly void and of no effedV. See Appendix^ No. 2. 
 
 After what we have remarked on political expedifnry, 
 falus populi, and ex po/ffaBo laws,-— >we (ball only add» 
 that deviations from <* firi^t didributive juilice,*' in 
 the decifion of private property are do^ines, which 
 have not only a dire£l tendency to looftt} the bonds of 
 government, to render all tidet wholly inTecnre, and 
 too often dependant ufon the pleafure, polky> refent^^ 
 
 ment| 
 
 * Sm laAitMcs 9t NMunl I^r, vol. XX. ^ .^^^ 
 
• f 
 
 .;.':!! 
 
 Bl ■ 
 
 ::• ( 
 
 C 140 ] 
 
 sneiUi or caprice of a few ft^iout men, but are iiiTa- 
 ^vc of the province ot a juryi and Hxrd and learned 
 j Ji»c5;— — wht> arc ** difccrncre per legem, quid fit 
 juilum." 
 
 Juibcc Crook well obferved in the cafe of the illuf- 
 tricus Hiimodcn^'"^\\\M judges mvift nj^ give theiry«r/^- 
 ments according to f oticy, or rules o/^fiatc\ nor conve-' 
 niences^ but oJy accurding t9 Axix;.*— In fine, the doc- 
 trines of folitii'al fx/ciiitncYt &c. arc loo frequently 
 pretexts to fubvt rt the funJ.iPR'iual laws of a country, 
 ^ndcr the fpccious pr'tence, ih;u thi* necejftty of the 
 eajt\ and the ^5a^of i^ovcrnmcnt rciiuircil it — 
 
 ** It is, f.i)s Mr. Hume, the na;urc of this w/</;^/v, 
 ** to abol:Jb xW iaiu, and by irrelillible violrnce to dif~ 
 " /olve all the weaker, and more artiiicial tics of hu- 
 ** man fociety.**— 'But, furely the ft ate of yirginia, 
 claiming unnumbered millions of acres, was not in fo 
 necejfitoui a condition, ns to juftify a replenilhing of 
 its treafury, upon the ruin of hundreds of ufcful citi- 
 zens, poor widows and helplefs orphans— -To conclude ; 
 
 Upon every view of the treaty of F^rt Stanwixt the 
 conveyances to the King and to the proprietors of Indi- 
 ana, — it will be manifcftly evident, ti>at the right 
 of thefe proprietors and Air, Croghan ftands upon the 
 broad, and folemn bafis, and is an eiTential part of a 
 public trc&ty, ^tnce abundantly ratiji$d^ between i^o fo- 
 vereign, and independant Nationn That the obje^of 
 it in the firft inftance, was to ' procure juftict for dif- 
 treiTed fubjeAi, who had been rdbbcd b^ dependant 
 tribes of the Six Nations i and to efttblifli a point of/0- 
 licy among them, which would probably leflen fuch 
 fobbcriet ip fu;ure, b^ authorising, i^ 4fiDaiy| frcni 
 tiicii chi^efs. It was not a hafty, or precSphate mea- 
 fure. — It was begun at a public treaty* between Sir 
 milim Johnfrn^ the ^ijf A^Mtftif iMid by arficUs «/ 
 
 . ^ 
 
 » «<'^ 
 
 .*-*■ 
 
 
but tre inva- 
 d and learned 
 gem, quid fit 
 
 ' of the illuf- 
 
 V; nor convg" 
 ine, ths doc- 
 oo frequently 
 )f ;i couDtry, 
 fcrj/ity of the 
 lit.— 
 
 "this mrrj/ity, 
 oUnce to dif- 
 tl tics of hu- 
 of Virginia^ 
 'as not in fo 
 )Ienif])ing of 
 >f ufcful ciii- 
 ro conclude : 
 Uanivixt the 
 :tors of Indi- 
 it the right 
 ds upon the 
 al part of a 
 ireen two fo- 
 the obje£l of 
 Uce for dif- 
 ^ depeodant 
 point of /&• 
 kflen fuch 
 nia^ froni 
 ipitate mea* 
 between Sir 
 
 t 14 
 
 } 
 
 t'M, on behalf of ihe D •/,. 
 
 '7«5. <Thcaocun,c„t St«r' *" '" '^'^^-d 
 
 '7^8, by a deed ,o ,),c A, '" •^''"'"■'* in 
 
 ""« <o the cron„, was m^ 1 • '^"•?*'"'-l"'ie i„„vcy. 
 
 •o 'here ,„,,,,,,;, 7„7';^;. *4-</... „;<,„ „. ,,:^^ 
 
 °f E'ghty five Thoufand .^i . '''"""• " ""^ fum 
 Care .hccin ,ha, nci. .ct 1:'' ""' ''"■ S'""'"" d- 
 
 *'.aUvcrforthcIa„d'f;;„":' '^°"''' pay. any f„„ 
 '^"x^y do no, belong ,„ mT:; ^'"' "'"'■«=q"Cn.ly. 
 
 ««a.y of For, J/.«-.,V ^Ij ^u '" ^'"'""■■■•bu! .be 
 Th' "'7"-- -"'"^ a l7"'f ""-""-fled 
 •he confideration n.onev al^" ^""1"" ^^'- ''"•••"fi. 
 °''>*rco„fidcra,io„. ^7byZ J '""''"' "' "»« 
 of .he deed of ceffion waVL .' l"^' " "" *"«"'io» 
 
 '">«. and becaufc .he fta'e of^^f""!' '"/i-^. Ster. 
 
 oftfcehnds ceded brir o,J '^ .''"* Slanted p,„ 
 
 confined i,, p,„. .,.d Sid ^ "•? ""'y '"'""' b; . 
 
 ««.teof*Vr^fc h„, i„f^Za ~*'''-— •»« rt. ,■ 
 «.?«.W ,he .re^J i" ™ »>«>ft «m.ple man,,.,, ,„ 
 
 ' *•" "^'OWBifflonerfc; 
 
 ^Ajf 
 
1^" t 
 
 Ih 
 
 [li 
 
 Virginia at the treaty of Fort StantvixJ and General 
 Andrnv Lewis, were tppolnted commiflioncrs tn the 
 part of that ftatc, to wait on Mr. Stuart^ the King's 
 late fuperintendant of Indian affairs to the fouthuard, 
 for the purpofe of endeavouring to fix a new boundary 
 line between the Cherokees and yirginia.-Au the courfc 
 of their communications with Mr. Stuart, they faid, 
 •• the evil would be«ncreafed by the lofs of the quit- 
 ** rents annually paid for thefe lands, and would give 
 •* the Cherokees a large ti a<fl of country, th.U was never 
 ** claimed by them, and now is the property of the 
 •• crown, as Sir IVilliam Jchnfon aHually pur chafed it 
 •* of the Six Nations of Indians, at a very confiderable 
 •* expend, and took a deed of ccffion from them at Fort 
 *' Stanwix, the 5th day of November laft." 
 
 On the 7th day of December, 1769, the houfe of 
 burgeflfes of rirginia promifing themfelves, through 
 the good offices of their governor Lord Botetourt, that 
 they ihould prevail on the King of England to annex 
 the lands wefiward of the Allegany Mountain, to the 
 dominion of Virginia, and that his IprdOiip would be 
 inftru£ted to grant them to the people of that colony } 
 they therefore, by a tneflTage to his lordlbip, defired to 
 luiow, " Whether the/<iiM of government is now en-. 
 *' g^ged to confirm any orders of council for Ranting 
 ** lands lying between the AlUganyjMountain^ and a 
 « line that may be Tun from the v^ern termination 
 «* of the North Carolina line, to the copfluence of the 
 ** Ohio^ with the Mijifippi; the terms o^ which orders 
 <^ have not been complied with ; and that he would be 
 *' pleafed in future, to difcourage all' monopolies of 
 «« land within the colony.** .# 
 
 On the 8 th of the fameinonthi hbtd Botetourt an* 
 /Vrered, « The faith of governmeoc U noit engiged to 
 ^* confirm any tirders of co^cn, tlie^rmii o^htch 
 
 ^ • •• li»f« 
 
 
md General 
 
 n<^rs r«n the 
 the King'i 
 fouthuard, 
 !V boundary 
 \ the courfc 
 . ihcy f^id, 
 ►f the quit- 
 ^vould give 
 t was never 
 ^f-^y of the 
 urchiifid it 
 •onftderabU 
 em at Fort 
 
 c houfc of 
 I through 
 iourtt that 
 ' to annex 
 '«» to the 
 would be 
 u colony} 
 dcfired Co 
 s now en^ 
 Ranting 
 (Vt» and a 
 'mination 
 >cc of the 
 :h orders 
 MTould be 
 >poIies of 
 
 „. " I '« J . 
 
 *^n the i3t|| of D 
 
 approving ,he bo.,d ofTra^tw^ '':' '^"-«'« « 
 
 'h.. hi, Majcft, had ZZn'fX'"'' ""'' '«*. 
 ;h«: fi.ua.ion ,r /A„> >,„„>„" ,"' •'•JMlwea with 
 
 " 'i«h.. They a, ,h. famfr' ""'' '^" J"* «ad 
 
 A-.- («»a. p,op':feU ? ieL'"!.""!;*"* '^''" 
 great pan of iKo. /* ^ * *'<'*>'<' of iraW«^^ 
 
 " i^r""' '"'' *"'■*'' from LB^r- *«-!' 
 
 on tke upper pare o* A'«M«'7 • "■'* ""■'"r,, ' 
 
 <o«wry. ft«. A, your me^ -^ri''! «"' «'«'i!»e •. 
 
 ;• *ft «.f.n ,0 f.„, r. .l^'TV'f ••"•« 'he great! ^ 
 
 I 
 
 
(:'• 
 
 *': 
 
 ;! 
 
 I 
 
 it'' 
 
 
 [ 144 ] 
 
 II 
 
 « 
 
 II 
 
 aod th« ^r^tf/ Ktnhawii, whereby the rcttlemeoti# 
 Which may be attompicd in thcfe quarterti will irf 
 all probability be uucrly dcftroyed, and that great 
 extent of country, ftom the mouth of the Kinba-wa 
 iQ the \TkO\xi\\ of the Cherokee river^ extending eail- 
 " ward to khc Laurel Hill^ Jo very lately ceded to hit 
 *< Majsjlyt and to which no tribe of Indians at prdcnt 
 " (et up any pretcnfions, will he abandoned t9 the Cht' 
 *' rolices.'*—~Scc further explicit r^co^/iiV/o^;/, of the 
 cefliurf ht'rc alludcil to on the part of yirginia, in 
 APPEND IX No I. --A full acknowledgment of the crea- 
 ly at Fort Sianulx, and grant of lands to the A'm^, 
 wa» a;tO made the yth of 0<ftdber 1775, at Fort Pitt, 
 by commijfioners appointed by the colony of yirginia."^ 
 ihey then fpoke to the chiefs and warrioi^ of the Six 
 Nations^ DeUiuaresy Hhawnejfe, fVayand»ttt, and Ot" 
 tijUT'. to this cfTci^. j 
 
 Brother Sy ; ; 
 
 Wc have reafon to believe, that great tineaflneff and 
 jcalpufies have prevailed among you, rcTpc^ng fuf 
 intentions of making encroachments upon your lands. 
 You mud be all feniible, the lauds on this fide the OSivt 
 as far at the CAeroAr^ river ^ were purchafed at th« treaty 
 of Fort StaniuiXt by Sir IVilliam Johnfon^ for tke King 
 ^England, who hat fincefold thtm to hit children •» this 
 continent ^yi)xi^\i they now cxpeA to enjoy in pCMei--^-^ 
 To whom did he fell tnem?-*>Dld he do it to the go^ 
 ircrnm^t of Virginia^ or to the inhabitantt of tkat ot 
 of any other ftate in €on£edeFacy> and for wkgl 
 price, and when? i ^'' 
 
 A juft and eafy foltition can be g1ven» .id tlief« que- 
 
 ftions, by an(Vcring, ^That Dr. Franklun Mnd hit 
 
 afibciatet, wete the only peribnt to whom, tlie King 
 ibid a part ofche lands granted lo ^S%is BMijr b* N*n 
 
 tn 
 
 ^fi: 
 
 I r- 
 
 '^ Ttih it aA error, ^or ttt< pwrthi^, imd»bf tWt Xbts "t l^*tt Mmw/U, 
 ckt«nd«<l taf-ward^ from the river OM* t* tl»« rtft |te of tltt ^siiQtV 
 
 MMM/diir. 
 
 m 
 
ctlemeoti» 
 ■s, will ill 
 that great 
 
 KttihaMja 
 
 ding etft- 
 
 eded to his 
 
 at prcfcnt 
 
 t9ihtCh€' 
 
 ntt of the 
 
 rginia, in 
 
 )f the trca- 
 
 thc h'ingt 
 
 Fort Pitt, 
 
 'irginia."*' 
 
 of the Six 
 
 tf and Ot'' 
 
 lafinef)' and 
 Bng fwf 
 
 [our lands. 
 
 ie the 6Ai0^ 
 tbetretty 
 l/fcr King 
 
 \ren9mtbis 
 
 ^othe gO' 
 )l tkat or 
 
 ief« que- 
 ^tnd hit 
 [the A^ifff 
 bc4tn 
 hi 
 
 » 
 
 m 
 
 in ApftNDix, No. I.— Bcfidci theft acf^'tnvffdj^enft 
 by yirginidf the Coftgrr/t of the United States recog' 
 nized the treaty of Fort StanwiXt at a conference held 
 at Fort I'ttt, in 1775, as appeart by the fpcech of 
 General Morris^ and others, thtir commi0ionerf, and 
 the anfwer of Round Hend^ a chief of the Six Nations: 
 In fhort, the treaty of Fort Stanxuix is unWcrfally ac- 
 knowledged, as a valid and binding a^, in full force; 
 and that if fct afide, would produce the greatcA con- 
 fufion in many of the ftatcs; for, by the ceffion made 
 at that time to the crown, a bound.iry line, as hay been 
 often mentioned, was cftabli/hcd between the Indians 
 and Americans, . from the month of ihc Cher^,kee river 
 to Canada creek, where it empties iifclf into Afco^crcek. 
 Treaties between nations ought © be held facred and 
 inviolable. The general rights of mankind arc inter- 
 efVed in their confcrvntion, and if made, as the treaty 
 at Fort S^anivix w;is, to obtain jvjlice for di(\refled 
 fubjedts, and (lop the effufion of blood, are to be con- 
 fidered among the grcatrfV of human bleffings} and 
 confcqucntly, there is the highefl obligation upon the 
 Congrefs of the United States to fee, without farther 
 delsT) thatthe/«^/iV/a///^ is ftrictly maintained by the 
 performance of the conditions of this ti'eaty.— Reafon^ 
 policy and ju(Hce, all call aloud for it, as the Six 
 Nations would have an unquellionable right to the 
 whole of their ceflion to the King, if thofe parts of the 
 %reaty, rcipc<5king Indiana and Mr. Croghan ktm. not ac- 
 compHihej. — It ii» therdbre, moft confidently hoped 
 Ind expe/^ed» chat C^grefs^ who are ths true guards 
 anr of ptohlic liberty, juftice and national honour, will 
 Vindicate and fWpj^rtthe treaty ot Fori^tantuix, and 
 the.prtf{ierty of tlnfe pfoprietort and 'Mr* Croghan t 
 atiid'aioffet^|ie^i|ny, as the Unittd States in Coogrels 
 a#en^bl^'ha^|j|klDnly pledged theaaicWct to all the 
 ▼ T i&habitaots 
 
 w 
 
 ■■■>:<.■ ^ 
 
 M 
 
Ml ..t 
 
 |"t| ' 
 
 [■«. ' 
 
 
 i! 
 
 
 1^ ' 
 
 mm 
 
 I 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 :):!i 
 
 i».' 
 
 !•; { 
 
 i: ■ ; ' 
 
 ■Hi' f 
 
 a' 
 
 1.. 
 
 !•> 
 
 •^ ■ ■! 
 
 P'-i' 4 
 
 1 / 1 
 
 &;<•,': 
 
 ' ■'. ' ■ ^ 
 
 ilN 
 
 . .,, . 
 
 '^f'f 
 
 1/ -. 
 
 W.I- 
 
 ,'i •' 1 
 
 m\ 
 
 
 BB i 
 
 
 K i 
 
 [ h6 ] 
 
 i^l^abitants of thcfc ftatcs, by declaring, " That m 
 ** they art' in duty bsunJ^ on the one hand, tc prefervi 
 ** inviolate the right i cf the feveral Jii\t:iy fo on the 
 *' other, they "wtll always he careful to provide, thai thj 
 *' jnjlue due to thefe jlates, does not interfere with tl>e 
 ** juftice, "which may he due to individuals/* Wlutt- 
 foic the proprietors of Indiana did, on the iifh oi 
 September, 1779, ivnd the 30th of November, 1780, 
 by their agent, Colonel Ceori^e Alorgan, prcfeni two 
 memorials 10 Congrels, not doubting but thty lliould 
 fpecdily tiiul the hai^py etKtl of fo jull and laudabli 
 a refolution, and the following are parts of thcfc me- 
 morials : 
 
 The memori.ilills recited the caufc of their grant, and 
 the manner of obtaining it from the Six Nation j, &c. 
 and rcprcfented among other things, that they fouod feme 
 of the afls of the ftare cf Virginia (directing the f;ilc 
 of lands to commence in October next, for rhe parti- 
 cular bencHi of that ftate) feem intended to prevr nt, 
 and defeat the interpofition of Congress on a matter of 
 the utmoi\ nuiional confequence to all thefe ftates^and 
 fubverfiveof every rule of juftice, m the determination 
 of private property, for the following among other 
 rea(bns : ■' =■: -i-i^/'^' '.■ ^' 4- '--■^'>.,icj^:ii'4. ■ 
 
 Bee aufe they apprehend^^^d, tbsit the order of [the. 
 privy] councH, whi:h they referred to, was a fufiici- 
 ent reparation of the lands in queftion, ( Appendix. 
 No. i) from the jurifdiftion of Virginia, which (late* 
 could only claim the fame under the crown; and that 
 if any doubt could arife therein, the United Statist as 
 fucceiTors to the fovereigncy, are the only Judges ^ but 
 that Virginia has conditutcd herfelf tf yW^^ in hetcwn 
 caufe, and for her own emolui^ent* and began to 
 feize and fet up for fale the property of the traders, fo 
 fairly obtained, and for fo great a cc»ai4ari|iQ&. 
 
 ' ^ecaufe 
 
'* That m 
 to prefervi 
 t fo on the 
 icy thai ih: 
 re -with tls: 
 Wlurt- 
 le I I di oi 
 ber, I 780, 
 relent two 
 hty lliould 
 i laudable 
 thefe mc- 
 
 grant, ami 
 tion*^ &c. 
 buodiomc 
 ig the fiilc 
 
 fhe paiti- 
 j prcvf nt, 
 
 matter of 
 (lates;. and 
 rroination 
 mg other 
 
 r of ftht 
 a fufiici- 
 ppcndix. ~ 
 lich Aace * 
 and that 
 tatiSf as 
 ges} but 
 her cwn 
 begaa to 
 dcrs. To 
 o. 
 Vecs^iife 
 
 i 
 
 [ '47 ] 
 
 Bccaufc the faid tra£t of land (Indiana) ilms ob- 
 tained for i'o valuable a confidcraiion, and with every 
 cifLumftancc of notoriety and authority, that can give 
 v.iii Jiiy to any grant, was afterwards (as being included 
 wiihin the bouniis of '/andatia) by an order of the 
 King of Great Britain in council, before the declaration 
 of the inilcpendcncy of thcfe ftates, feparatcd fron. the 
 dominion (which in right of the crown) Virginia 
 claimed over it, and noiiHcation was given to the Six 
 Nations t &c. that the faid tra<ft oi Vandalia (including 
 Indiana) aforefaid, wa« to be eredled into a foparatc 
 governu.ent, ;ndcr the fovercignty of the faid King j 
 and therefore the memorialifts obferved:— That tht y are 
 advifed, the faid traft of country cannot now remain 
 fubjeft to the jurifdic^ion of Virginiay or of any par- 
 ticular Hate, but of the l/nited States in Congrcfs af- 
 fembled, in whom the fovereignty is now vcftcd. 
 
 And becaufe the pniceedings of Virginia fcem calcu- 
 lated to invalidate a fulemn treaty made with indcpen- 
 dant nations, and by all thofe ftates approved, &c. 
 and it is hoped, the wi/dom-, policy and ju/iice of thcfe 
 ^Ites will never (wf^cr fuch afpeclacle to be exhibited to 
 the ivQridf as ** a Hfathen People seeking to 
 
 ** DO A DELIBERATEAIID SOLEMN ACT OF JUSTICE 
 
 ** WHILE A Christian State strives to pre- 
 " vent them." — Nor let it (fuSjoin the memoria- 
 iifts) once be made a queftion, whether fovereign and 
 free nations of Indians may not recompe nee an injury 
 or fatisfy a debt by a fale of part of ;heir own lands, 
 but that the debt and injury are both to be raifed up 
 againfc them at a future day. 
 
 And lai^ly, the mc.nonaliftt prayed, that the Ho- 
 norable Congrefs wovid appoint a day for hearing the 
 parties interefted, th«.t fo the quefttoa o£ right might 
 
 be 
 
 
 ;■ 
 
^l'M» ! '^I 
 
 \m ii 
 
 ' ,/ !i 
 
 C 14^ ] 
 
 be fully explained and confidered, and an impartial 
 aod i\iO iktciniiniuion h.id in the picinifcs. 
 
 7hij is wh.it till' i*jopiiciors of Ituiiufui are now mod 
 anxioiilly w.iiting for, and that the ft ttc of I'irjiinia 
 votild come k)rih, and flicw publicly uhut foil of title 
 it pretends to claim under. 
 
 In line, tluy only wirti and reqiuH, that the fovc- 
 rcign power of the L'nifrJ Siiitis uou'.d, without fur- 
 ther delay, ailopt and cxcrcifc that excellent and cum- 
 prclunlivc alTuiancc to the people, *' NiJli ni-galHT>u:s, 
 *'aUT DIIFLREMUS RtC T U M A U r J U S 1 ICl A M " 
 
 'l':i 
 
 h 
 
 N 
 
 A P P E N- 
 
 ^r^ 
 
I impartial 
 
 • now mofl 
 )f ri/j^mia 
 bri ot" title 
 
 t tlic lovc- 
 thtmi fur- 
 
 t and com- 
 ncgabiTnuSf 
 il ICIAM " 
 
 EN- 
 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. I. 
 
 WIIILK the matter^ (mcntiouccl in pages i.ji, 
 1^12, 143, i-}-|) wolf rr;uii',icliiiii ill /'/r^;'//,/,;, 
 ;i comj)any w:is formed in I.onJcny cotifilUi);.' of ni.iiiy 
 gcnilcmcii, icliding both in EnyJanJ^ ami Jmrri, .ly for 
 ihc purpofc of cndiavouring to buy fioni ilu A/'.i,', 
 p.irt of ihc lands ccdcil to him, by ihi- trcary, aiul 
 dfcd of / : / / Sfiitniix^ and tiie honorabk Th:,nuis 
 Walpclct Do<!lor Ih ujjniin h'r.v.Ui ty and Mi.llicurs 
 John Serocanty and S.iviuil li i\irt'Hy w^-vc <ij>pointcd 
 a commitioc to maiiai;j thcis- appiicaiian.-- -In Ii'.nc 
 1769, Thcfc gentlemen prtlcntv-d a jxliti;)n to his 
 Jhitannu Majclly for tlu* pure hale of two Milliors and 
 four Hundred Thoufand atics of thefe l.inds, and tlicir 
 petition being referred by tlic A'/'V; in council to the 
 Earl of Hil.'/lcrout'h and the other loru> toinmiiliiners 
 for trade and plantations, Mr. H'^olr and his ailoci- 
 atcs attended their lordiliips, m Dercmber 1769, 
 when the Earl of HiliJIoroughy recomr . n.'.-il to them 
 to contracSt, if pofliblc, with ihc lords ot the trcafiiry, 
 for fuch part of the purchafc from the Six Nati'^ns^ 
 lying on the river Ohioy as would be futlicicnt in extent 
 to form a feparate government upon. The Earl of ti "f- 
 boroughy offered to ^,0 immediately to the treafury, and 
 know their lordfhip's opinion upon the lubjcc^t, ^.nd 
 the petitioners exprclfing their approbation, his lore' 
 Ihip went, and reported, that the lords of the treafury, 
 
 would be glad to receive the gentlemen's propofals. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 4th of January 1770, a memo- 
 rial was prefented, propofing to buy from the King, 
 rhc ira^ of land hereafter dcfcribed, and to pay the 
 ^ fum 
 
 V 
 
 r 
 
 I, 
 
 t 
 
 .,1; 
 
 -. w 
 

 'VC 
 
 
 
 ,1* !"'•- 
 
 I ' 
 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
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 M 
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 'V.J 
 
 If ' 
 
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 U 
 
 jftf^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 I CO 
 
 APPENDIX, No. r. 
 
 fum of / 10460: 7/: 3</. ftfrlini;, and a quit r^nt ot 
 two Shillings like money for every hundred iicn s of 
 
 cultivable land within iht faid tract; The quit rent 
 
 rot to commence 'till aher the expiration of twenty 
 
 years Their lordlhips took into confideration tlic 
 
 memorial and paper, containini; a tlefcription of the 
 lands applied for, nnd unaniinoutly agreed tr^ accept the 
 price, and quit rent oftcrcd. 
 
 On the 8th of May 1770, Mr. WalpoU and his af- 
 fociates, prefentt-'J a petition t(^ King in council, pray- 
 ing that a grant for the lands mij;ht he ni i>Ii to iluni.-- 
 On the 25th of the fame Month, the lords t r the con»- 
 mtttee of council referred this petition to the lords 
 comudflioners for trade and plantations, and on tlic 
 I 5th of July following, the Karl of Hil/JIorcuc^h deili ed 
 the attendance of Mcflrs Walpo/r, Frank/in^ Sar^ml 
 ^nd fyharten at the board of trade, when he informed 
 them, that as there were, perhaps, fome lettlers from 
 Virg'nia fcated on part of the tra«it under conlideraiion, 
 he was of opinitm, that that colony Ihould be acquain- 
 ted ivith the conttiicl made with the treafury, and there- 
 fore the report o^ the Lords of Trade would be delayed 
 only until it was known, whether Virginia had any 
 thing to fay upon the fubjcclj but, in the jnean time, 
 he had the King's cxprefs commands to repeat^ in the 
 flrongeft manner, his Majcfty's former orders, forbid- 
 ding the governor of Virginia to pafs warrants for^ or 
 fuffer any furveys or fettlementi to he made over the 
 Allegany Mountain^ and efpecially on any of the lands ^ 
 luhich the company had cont railed for. 
 
 On the 25th of February, 1771, Mr, IValpcle w^i'i 
 informed by a note from the T.cul o( Hil/Jhoroiighf that 
 he had direftcd copies to be madcs and fent him, of 
 fuch parts of the letter he had received froni Virginia, 
 as related to his and his affociatcs application forlandi> 
 
 on 
 
 ff 
 
. I. 
 
 APPENDIX, No. I 
 
 Isl 
 
 mt r^nt of 
 d acrt 1 ot 
 : quit iciu 
 
 of twenty 
 ration the 
 ion of the 
 
 accept the 
 
 and his af- 
 
 ,ncii, jnay- 
 
 to ilu ni.-- 
 
 ;r the coni- 
 
 thc U)ids 
 
 ind on tl»c" 
 
 urh dciircd 
 
 w, Siiriin}t 
 
 c infornud 
 
 •iilers from 
 
 klidcration, 
 
 c acquain- 
 
 aiul there- 
 
 3C delayed 
 
 had any 
 
 tiean lime, 
 
 Hi J in the 
 
 s, forbid- 
 
 ts for, or 
 
 » ov^r thr 
 
 the lands, i 
 
 allele was 
 ugh, that 
 him, of 
 Virginia, 
 for landi> 
 on 
 
 on the Ohio, andhislordihipobfc.vtd, heOiouldbcviTy 
 ^lad to cotu ur'xu reporting upon that application, asfoon 
 as a full board of trade could be had. The letter hire 
 alluded to, was from the Hcnourable Mi. Nclfon, 
 fnfdcnt of his Majedy's council o( Virginia, and da- 
 ted the I 8ih of 0»ilober i 770, ihc pnfiJtnt wrote. 
 
 that on the evening ot that day, hib lordlhip's letter of 
 the iothofjuly to the governor, was dclivcredto him;-- 
 And as it contained matter of great variety and im- 
 portance, it hadifecn read in council, and toi^ether wiih 
 I'je leveral papers incloled in it. had been maturely 
 conlidered, and that *' he then troubled his lordlhip 
 ** with their, i.s well as his own opmion on tiie fub- 
 •' je(fk of them." — He acknowledged the propriety, 
 and juliice ot his lordfl\ip, and my lords comndflion- 
 crs of the treafury, in delaying to report in favour of 
 Mr. /r<?//oA', and his alloclates for a grant of land^, 
 ON THF. BACK OF VIRGINIA, Until thc country fhould 
 be made ac<|uaiiJted with it, and their reafcus, ifihey 
 had any, in obje^Ttion ihould be beared. — \]^ then 
 mentioned tiie ati'air of thc \McOhio company, gover- 
 nor Dunwiddie^s proclamation, and promife ot two 
 Hundred thoufand acres of land to the officers and fol- 
 diers ot Virginia, who had ferved in the former war 
 between France and England, and fuppofed, that the 
 fame quantity would be allowed to all the other officers 
 and foidiers upon the continent.- -He alfo obferved, be' 
 fides thefe, we have been told, l(tho' we have not had. 
 an authentic copy of the treaty at Tort Stanwix,) that 
 the Indians made it an exprefs condition in thc deed of 
 eejjion to his Majejly, that a quantify of land Ihould be 
 granted to Colonel Croghan and to thc traders, .as a re- 
 compence to them for the injuries, and damages fu- 
 
 ftained from the Indians. Theie he faid were to thc 
 
 northwards :""-Ai\d at the Cmuc tune remarked, that 
 
 " la 
 
• 
 
 I'!'.' ' 
 
 \ ! 
 
 rv 
 
 ■»' 
 
 
 I' ' 
 
 rill, 
 iii' 
 
 'J -:. 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 \ I: 
 
 K 
 
 i 
 
 li:i II, .:■■>.] 
 
 I ■:'( 
 
 '■f. 
 
 )>'* 
 
 * 
 
 152 APPENDIX, No. 1, 
 
 I' 
 
 In all the cth^r grants, 1 do not lind, that any ftepi 
 have been taken, tow.inU lurveying and fctting 
 
 ** ihtm-, of couric, t/uy arc, or will buome lafftd, 
 
 ** except in the two to Jjhn Li'-dis for 800,000 acres 
 *' called the lov.il comfuuy and to James Fatten and 
 *' others for 100,000 acres."*- — 
 
 On thefe lands, the prdident remarked, ** there 
 arc ir.iny hundred families fettled. The late war, 
 and the prchibition by picilamation, have bem the 
 rallies, th;it iliill* la. ids have not been n)orc fully 
 pcopLd, uh.ili 1 li.i\ J rc.ilon to think, will be cf- 
 f.>:ted/c5// cj/Wr h-.i.u 1., t;i VFN tc (fnii:t /^atents for 
 fuch parts >is r.re firlnL Thefe one million fcvcn 
 huiidred thoulaud at r^ s, which I have taken notice 
 of in <i//," (the tjuintiiy the prefident and council 
 apprehended, the above mentioned ^^rants to the GUI 
 Ohio CcJiipafiy, t/.r Ojrters, Colonel Cro^^hjVy the trjj- 
 ersy &c. would amount to --" I sl ppose will take 
 r L .A c E or \ 1. 1. N r. w a n v r n t u R r. R s.— We do not 
 prej^mc to fay, to whom our gracious Sovereign 
 ihall grant 11 is vacant lands; nor do 1 fet my- 
 felf up as :l\\ opponent to Mr. H'a/j>o!e and his aflb- 
 
 (( 
 <( 
 
 €f 
 it 
 «i 
 
 (t 
 
 it 
 i( 
 (( 
 
 «{ 
 
 ciates. 
 
 • nefore the prcftJcnt of the corncil wrote the above letter to the Earl 
 vf H:>l//'/ro !<(!). he iW-WicA John B!.!:r, jun. F.l'q; clerk of tlie council, to 
 report to liim the fttuatiun of all orders of council for lands; and the fol- 
 low in^- is thr report maile by him w the prcfilcnt : 
 
 ♦• in olictlicnce to the commands of His Honor the Prefident, I have 
 •• ex.imintd the council journals, and tind, that bo ^rj'/Z has been made 
 " to any pcrfoii whatever, fince the faid lath of February, 1755, nor even 
 •• lincetheayth of Auguil, 1754, of .1 larger quantity of land lying to the 
 *' weRward of tl>c laid mountuin>, than 1 o'!0 acres; andbut fev jfranti at 
 '• altcfani cf thofe Lauds, as vwill more particularly appear by the /brn{i;wjj 
 •' Llji of fill the grants or ordtrsof council, uhich have pafled, located as 
 " above mentioned." [See the addref* of the Houfe of BuigeiTesof Tjr- 
 gin.?, &:c. in p pc toy] " And I alio find, that no grants of thofe lands 
 •« ill any c(iiantily whatever, have been made fince the 7th of Ortober, 
 '« 17'».1, being the date of Xhe royttl frocUvuition forblMn^ tht featiiig of 
 ♦' tii:tt country, btit that the petition of the Loyal Company for a rtnnval 
 *' of t'*. ii- grunt of 8co,cx» aiin wm lejcBed in 1^63, as being conlti^ry to 
 •* the royal inflruftion*, rclptctmg the quantity to he granted toanv cne 
 " perlbu. JOHN BLAIR, Jun. Cl. Coun." 
 
- -A 
 
 0. 1. 
 
 Kit any ftcps 
 ind fcftting 
 come fii/'ft'ii, 
 0,000 acres 
 Fatten and 
 
 d, " there 
 
 [ic late war, 
 
 kc been the 
 
 inoic fully 
 
 will be cf- 
 
 ^nttiits for 
 
 llioii fcvcn 
 
 akcn notice 
 
 ukI council 
 
 to the Old 
 
 iy the trad" 
 
 'ILL TAKE 
 
 •Wc do not 
 
 Sovereign 
 
 o I fet my- 
 
 d his alToo 
 
 «t 
 
 cutes. 
 
 cr to the Earl 
 he council, to 
 i and the fo)- 
 
 fident, I have 
 las been made 
 755. "or *"'"cn 
 id lying to the 
 feti' j^ranti at 
 
 \.\\Q for eyeing 
 ed, located us 
 grffes of Hr- 
 f thofe lands 
 
 of Oftober, 
 tht /eating of 
 Ifor a reiiett'al 
 
 f conlti^ri to 
 d toanv cnr 
 
 Coun." 
 
 «< 
 
 fi 
 
 (I 
 
 fc 
 
 <i 
 
 APPENDIX, No. I. ijj 
 
 *' elates. All that I can, confiilently with my duty, 
 ** hope for, is, that all prior rights, whether equitable 
 ** or legal, may be prcfervcd and protected. ** The 
 prefidcnt further mentioned, ** That with refpc^ to the 
 ** eftabliflinicnt of a new colony on the back oi- 
 ViuciNiA, it is a fubje^ of too great political im- 
 portance for mc to pixfumc to give an opinion upon. 
 — However permit me, my Lord, to obferve, that 
 when that part of the country Ihall become fuffici- 
 cnily populated, it may be a wife and prudent 
 " mcafure." 
 
 On the firft of July, 1772, the Lords of the Com- 
 mittee of Council reprefenied to the King^ that it wa§ 
 their opinion "a grant (hould be made to Mr. IValpoie 
 and his ailbci.ttcsi and on the 14th of Auguf^, the 
 King approved ihereoit and ordered the Lords of Trade 
 to report to him in Council, if any, and whaig^eriys of 
 fcttlement and cultivation, and what reftricllons and 
 refcrvations were necclFary to be inferted in the gr^nc , 
 to thcfe gentlemen^ excluiive of the money agreed to 
 be paid by them, as a confideratioa for the tra^^ of 
 land in qucftion, with a claufe 10 fave and prcfervs to 
 the refpe^ive occupiers, all prior claims withid its li- 
 mits, whether derived under equitable or legal titles : 
 And alfo to prepare a plan for eiVablilhing a nrtv go- 
 vernment on the faid lands, together with an edimate 
 of the expence, and the ways and means by which the 
 fame fhould be defrayed by Mr. Walpole and his afToci- 
 ates. The fame day the King in Council^ by a further 
 order, g^Ve the necedary direOions to the Lords Com- 
 miflioners fOr trade and plantations, for carrying the 
 above into execution ; and that the Earl oi Dartmouth 
 ihoxild dire^ his Majefty's Superintendadt for Indian 
 alffairs, to aplprize the Chiefs of the Six Nations and 
 their Goiifcdefates, of his Majeily's intentions to form 
 
 U aftttlc- 
 
 1 j 
 
 *t i. 
 
, t 
 
 ir 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 117.. •■' 
 
 h 'I 
 
 ir'f' '.'• 
 
 V'l 
 
 .I'l-' 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 rn 
 
 iir; 
 
 
 
 u.: 
 
 |j:,; 
 
 ) ; 
 
 IH:.^- 
 
 «■ 
 
 i 
 
 ■ '■■< 
 
 154 APPENDIX, No. I. '^> 
 
 a fettlcmcQt upon the lands, which he pur chafed of them 
 \ in 1768. Accordingly the ZayX oi Dartmouth itm in- 
 ftruftions to Sir IVilliam Johnfon^ the Superintcndant 
 for Indian aniirs; and in obedience thereto, the Six 
 Nations were inloriTicd, and much approved of the 
 fettlcment; and the Deputy /l^ctit reTulingon the river 
 OhiOf in conformity to the orders given him, did, on 
 the 3d of April, 1773, aflembic the Chiefs of the 
 Wefleru Tribes at Scioto^ and in the King's name mftde 
 the fame communication to them, as Sir IVilliam John^ 
 fan had done to the Northern Nations ; with which 
 they alfo exprciTcd their hearty approbation, and deiir- 
 cd the King might be aifured, it would give them the 
 higked fatisfaiiftion to take the perfon appointed to go- 
 vern them, by the hand, and afford him all the affift- 
 an^in^dr powerl 
 
 ^wr 6th of May, 1773, the Earl of Diir/m^^wM, 
 and the other Lords of Trade, reported to the King, 
 that 18 the meafures, which his MajeOy had been 
 pleaTed to adopt, In regard to his poAcffionsr on the 
 Ohio^ liad, they fuppofed, been principally fdunided on 
 thelaecefiity there if aft of introducing fome regular 
 f<|rm oiF goyc^nment in a country incfipei^}$ of |p>artici- 
 patlng the advaotagei arifing iBrom the duril inOiti^tfon 
 pi VirginUy^iyhiA ma<le tiut the fi^^^pbjea of 
 their attention 1^ and atcordingly Yuhibllked the JForin 
 and conftitiitioo ^ilff nt^ *;*^f which they named 
 VamUHdf loWi iii^cftf; And attM famcltW 
 the fame r^ftSi-^they oKeWc^^ pnrfuant to 
 
 hit j^^t^^^fm <^ 9?!^^"^^^ ^^ '4th^(|ay of Au- 
 f iSft, tipt^^jiaaith^ an^ fuc| part o( ^j^d in- 
 jcktiaivi^^kfiuv f flA»JBy* as is hcrcW al^iEue$i<Mijtd« 
 "^ gl^inted^^l^e Honorable tkmLi Wa^^^Miiftl 
 
 Uodii iai^blded li'itma thr lfoll|wjb9g Uife^^tix.— 
 
 'f 
 
 iliniiig 
 
 ,^>..^^V,r- 
 
 m 
 
v...^ 
 
 ). I. * 
 
 afci of them 
 9Uth fent in- 
 lerintcndant 
 to, the Six 
 ved of the 
 ^n the river 
 m, did, on 
 icfs of the 
 name m&de 
 illiam John' 
 with which 
 I, and dciir- 
 ve them the 
 inted to go- 
 ill the affift. 
 
 Dartmouth, 
 
 I the King, 
 
 had been 
 
 ions r on the 
 
 bunded oo 
 
 me regular 
 
 of partici- 
 
 inditi^tion 
 
 P^jc^ of 
 
 the fQfin 
 
 y named 
 
 f and In 
 
 rfuant to 
 
 ayof Au- 
 id f'li- 
 
 fiy, ail 
 
 ..APPENDIX, No. I. 
 
 '55 
 
 1 
 
 '* negtnning at the fouth iidc of the river OhiOf oppo- 
 Hteto the mouth of SciotOf then foutherly through the 
 pafs of die OuiiJI'icto Mountains, to the fouth fiUc of the 
 faid Mountains^ thence along the fide of the laid 
 Mountains north cafUrly to the fork the Great K*n» 
 hawCf made by the jun«ition of Green ^riJ^ /vit/^rand 
 New Rivi'r, thence aloi»g th'j laid Green Briar Rivet, 
 on the caderly Tide of the (tme, umo tiie head or ter> 
 mination of the north eailcriy branch thereof j thence 
 ealtcrly to the Allegany Mountains, thence along the 
 faid Allegany Mountains to Lord Fairfaxes line; thence 
 along the fame to the fpring head of the north branch 
 of the river Potomack: thence along the weftern boun- 
 dary line of the province of Maryland^ to the fouthcrn 
 boundai'y line of the province of Pennfylvania; thence 
 along the faid boundary line of the prov ince of PennfjU 
 vani a to the end thereof; thence along the weftern 
 boundary line of the faid province of Pentjfylvania^ un- 
 til the fame ili.ill llrikc ilie river Ohio, thence downth^ 
 faid river Obio^ to the place of beginning* — 
 
 *y That the grant ihoula be made on, the following 
 conditions and refervations, that is to fay \ 
 
 *< That the grantees (hould, upon the day of the 
 4ate of the grant, pay into the receipt of hia faid Ma» 
 jeflf't exchequer, the fum of Ten thonfand foun^ |iun- 
 dvedandiiiiypoundf^^fciven iluUings and thfit^ peiMe, 
 fur/uant to tht agremfnt made with his Majeftft /r^- 
 fury, on the ^ik cf January, IT -JQ^ 
 
 !*, TMt-all.'^rtor claims tathe faid I^n4^ within the 
 limits <if the (aid gradt, whether derive^ndir equita- 
 bUt 'JtVilegal titles, ibould b^ faved and referVed^tp the 
 rcfp^ve. occupiers and poffefors, with the jexception 
 hv^ev$r to < H occ$tp4ncf \^ ythat na^ure,j»r l^tfji^hat* 
 fnvcr^^Mfii^ .*r wmde fu^fiqwut to the ^Kf^^^fir 
 the furchafe of thf fAid grant made wiiUfhe/^d* of 
 tU TrcftfurirfM th$ 4ti ^ January, 1770, by Mefiri. 
 
 Walpotr^ 
 
 W 
 
 f 
 
hi 
 
 ll 
 
 ;K 
 
 i\ 
 
 IfMl' 
 
 
 r'. 
 
 i. 
 
 ii .: i I 
 
 : Si's 
 
 
 WW' 
 
 HI 
 
 
 ',: 
 
 i'.!';:li 
 
 »i 1 ■ ' . ■ ■ 
 'vl ''''' 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 ii«tfv 
 
 • 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ^ * 
 
 156 APPENDIX, No. I. 
 
 l^all^ole^ M'^harfortt Sargent and FranhUn^ on behalf of 
 themfeivet and their aflbciatcs} and provided alfo, that 
 the gram of 200,000 wes to be mace to the ofliccri 
 of the regiment raifed mk paid bj the colony of Virgi- 
 nia in 175^ in confcquence of the engagement made to 
 t)iem, be located i» ttti contiguous traft.***^"** But the 
 Lordt CommiffioneM foi^ade and plantations, hum* 
 My craved Imvc to repretent to his llajcfty, that they 
 had omitted any reftriAion vpon the prpprutors, from 
 fettling to the w</? of the tine agreed upon in O^ber, 
 1770,— -that reftriAion having, at they conceived, be- 
 come altogether unneceiTarj. The 4iftriA refirved to 
 hit Uajffty being far dillaot from any fetilement,— 
 ihould be bounded cmi theynrfil* tuejt bf the river Lomijk 
 or C4imi>kn Hhur^ wliich ia very fir veji of the utmoft 
 tmmt # ty ttOltktigrmNi h prtfrkfy^'^ « 
 
 60 the ;ytli day of May» ft73> ^^ Briiamic Mt-r 
 jefty, by at) orfkr in Council of that day, refciwd the 
 jpfiiwding report of tile £a^ cif Darfmftfli^, aiMl the o- 
 cbqr ioTflt 9f Trade, to the Lords of tlic CoHttca. 
 !; diklS^ 3d day of July, 1773, thdp Urdiiipa oi 
 thc^ldta^cil, by ^ order under the MffM^^ 4ircaed 
 W)i^iNe(hr'< Attorney tod S(4ici|«r%aelitfk ^ate 
 fMkiwrdir theait#|irejpm» MMNtey Mbvi ttlpa, a 
 pi0)^ HittniiiMot uf^$i0kt tnOh^l^ <^!^'^ ' *f 
 
 afbirefaid. Mriingjm 
 
 fanhrtlf 
 
 
 f^- 
 
4o. I. 
 
 on behalf of 
 decl alfo, that 
 
 vfhc officers 
 ony of Virgi- 
 mem made to 
 '-." But the 
 ■tionsy hum* 
 IVy, that they 
 rittors, from 
 D in October, 
 onceived^i be* 
 ft njfrvtd ta 
 rettlement}— « 
 le river LtmifA 
 of the utmoii 
 
 Britamic Mt^ 
 refciwid the 
 tiid the o« 
 dMMca. 
 
 ^dirc^ed 
 
 ltef« 
 
 M 
 
 ^- A P P E N D I 5C, No. i:- 157 
 
 At THi: Council Chamber, Whitehall, 
 the 28th day of O^obcr, 1773, 
 By THE Right Honorable the Lords Commit- 
 tee oi> Council for Plantation Affairs. 
 Wii LKE AS there was this day laid before their Lord- 
 ihips, u report from his Majel\y*s Attorney and Soli- 
 citor General, upon taking into conHderation an order 
 uf this Committee, bearing date the 3d of July lad, 
 whereby they were directed to prepan a draught of r 
 proper infbroment to be pafled under the Great Seal 
 of Creat Briiain, coutaining a grant to the Honorable 
 Thomas fValpolf^ Efi)} and others his aiTocMUes, ofcer* 
 tain lands 00 the river Oii#, in North America^ inftrt* 
 ing in the faid drRught, tht conditi§ns and rtftrvathns 
 fropofed in a rtput ff th< Lords CommiJ/toners for trade 
 and piantstiontfhaLTingliaiU the 6th of May, lyyjt r 
 copy whereof was aanexed to the (aid order.«**lQ 
 which report of hit M«jeily^ faid. Atfoncf |i^^^lSotici« 
 I tor GenerRl, it i^^vm^ ^»^tt«d, iluit iKtf'fniitiqf 
 the faid l«nds io joiiit*t«oAncf» wiU inrobtyy ccndci^ h 
 iqipoiRblt (otDRk^Rny vHdergnuiu wkh caflipleic tidip: 
 ThRt the deibri|>;Voii of th* Thiog to begnMit«d» iiJVadk 
 more loofc mA ^txtr^Hn^ ArOt ^irOi' liaeii utmi: i% 
 H^al frcisi^vQr ihRii iMtk been prRftUed* toui^ 
 they laicvir, lii ilRy hue j^ grants whkh weic mctfc; 
 for the ere^Hwr^il coi^pit^j Io t&f firft jdvoomrertm' 
 Amnh^i ^Mt a w^''wtB^ tmhnowti s > Rod ^loherf 
 thRt «h9 9»^Hf|itB wffl tM be fo iweU iccored to hif 
 
 The £«nir V«M Coinirfittf tUi^ iii#»^YRpd k* 
 
 fUfft Wii» f O i id e rRtio tti u4 Rre hcloby pl««^ ro 
 
 •iPMNi* i^airliiB liR}«%\i Amm909*»kmi^ Oe« 
 
 Iptiyi^iii pfiffmn ^md Uu^ k^t this Ciw^igk^^^ 
 
 1 ,*«v* 
 
 
 
 ■ii\.- 
 
 •n4 
 
 -*.^ 
 
 -'.•«♦• 
 
 #' 
 
ijS APPENDIX, No. I. 
 
 ( » 
 
 fl 
 
 it 
 
 V:>1 
 
 M 
 
 Great Seal of Great /?ri/<ii//, containing .; gr^nt x.o thi- 
 
 HonornhU Thotn.u lVa//>oIi', Sumucl U hart^jii^ lii'njdnun 
 
 Frnnklin and John Stirgrnt, Kjifn, and their heirs and 
 
 afligni, of the lands prayed tor by their memorial; 
 
 fthey being the ferfom whot '" hrhalj (>f ihcm/ehcs and f 
 
 thiir a^ociittei, Cohtv^kqwa^ for the /aid Undst -with 
 
 the Lords Commijfioners of his Miijt'/ly^s trcajtiry) vifirt- 
 
 ing in the faid dr.night the conditions and rcfervations 
 
 propofed in the faid report of the Lords Commiflioners 
 
 for trade and plantations, dated the 6th of May, 177^, 
 
 excepting that part of the laid report, which propofes, 
 
 that the grantees do pay the unit rents to his Mnjcfty, 
 
 his heirs and fncceflbrsj and in refpc«ft thereof, the 
 
 Lords of the Committee arc hereby p'eafed to order, 
 
 that the faid quit rents be rcferved from ti.e lands ^ 
 
 which (hall be leafed, fold, dcmifed, planted or f^t 
 
 tied) whether the faid lands be fettled and planted by 
 
 iiuc f::i'* orantecs tl»enifelves, or by their heirs 01 jf- 
 
 figns, or under tenants^ the faid payment of the ^rit- 
 
 l«nts not to commence until the expiration oS twenty 
 
 years after fuch leafing, demUing, planting or fettling 
 
 refpe^ively. Anc!. for the better afccrtalning the 
 
 boufidt lof the faid traA of land to be granted as aforc- 
 
 faidi their Lordihips are hereby plcafed tp iranfmit the 
 
 map * of the tra£l of land prayed for by the nMoaeriAliiis 
 
 tfndf TO ORDER, th^i his Mmpjfjfi Attorwy 4iti4 S^Uci- 
 
 tor Gtn^rai do insert /jUr %aatruUJiit tkMjamt mamtir 
 
 ms thf 4re de/crihd Mtke^rteutud tu t&t,/aid report ^^ 
 
 ff iht hord^ Commiffidfurs for trtuk'^md fkmtations^i* ^ 
 
 dR»eid iha 6th of Mayi 4 77^, Ij^ 
 
 VrBili^ the^ (btenmaod iiliccittr>ineRfiwf f wconr tali<%ll*'^ 
 
 ing In Ugknir Oic S§fti©f .'i>fli«i^^ rf« ^ 
 
 
 L 
 
 r 
 tj 
 1 
 hi 
 I 
 
 ▼4 
 
 k 
 
 : * The miif b«f« ttentionc4»ii anneM^, to the oidcr tNiiclilIn ' 
 iinOcr tbt grmtfnl tbcMof, oaim \^ PhUadclphia. 
 
 Ull' 
 
 ■42v^ 
 

 ^O. I. 
 
 ; grcxnt to the 
 5</, lii'njtiniin 
 icir hi'irs and 
 ir memorial i 
 hcinfehfs and 
 «/ lands t with 
 ajury ) in/trt' 
 J n'/ervationt 
 ^o nun ifl loners 
 f May, 177.^, 
 liiii ptopofcs, 
 D his MajL-fty, 
 : thereof, the 
 ilcJ to order, 
 '•oin tl.e lands t 
 anted or f^t- 
 nd planted by 
 ir heirs or jf- 
 it of the 4Mt , 
 ion oi twenty 
 ng or fettling 
 ertalnmg the 
 itedas afore- 
 urtnTmit tke 
 in«mbri»lifts 
 tnd Sokci- 
 fism^ mAtmtr 
 \/did report^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 APPENDIX. No. ! 
 
 59 
 
 fcvcral orders of Council for lands, to the wcftward of 
 tht' AlUgany IMountaiHi and uponarcprcfcntation there- 
 1/ luhig made to the E.i. I of Dartmouth^ Secretary of 
 Statc/(>r .4meriia^ his Lordfhip, by the King*s cxivrefs 
 conitTtand, wrote to Loid r>unmc/rey as follows: 
 
 «« imtehall, O^ober the 5ih, 1774. 
 " My Lord, 
 
 "AS your Lordfhip fays, th:»t you was intircly ig- 
 norant of till- claim of Mr. IValioU and his .liTociates, 
 othcrwlfc than by common report, I think fit to inclofe 
 your Lordfhip a copy of Lord HillJhorough*s letter to 
 Lovd Botetourtt of the ^i(i of J[|ily, 1770, the re- 
 ceipt of which was acknowledged by Mr. Prefident 
 Nelfont a few days after Lord Bctetourt*s death, and 
 appears by his ?.nfwcr to it, to have been laid before the 
 Council. That board therefore, could not be igno- 
 rant of what had pafTcd here on Mr. IValpoh^s applica- 
 tion! nor of the King's exprefs commands, contained in 
 Lord Hilljhr^u^s letter, that no land y/ hat ever fioiild 
 hi granted beyond tht limits of the Royal proclamation of 
 1^63, i«i/iV tht King*t further plta/ure vias figntfiedy 
 and I liAve only to obferve, that h muA have been a 
 ▼«iy e|t^||i«^iii|iTneglc<l in them, not to have id- 
 ftDjrmc^TOur I^^ of that Uxttt^ and thtft otdtrt% 
 '7 \^ Signed Dartmidh,^ 
 
 In tj^ (||Kng 
 
 drflEi|^it^lMf # 
 
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 !1) 
 
 A r P F. N D I X, No. r. 
 
 ^ »i* 
 
 ' 
 
 f r' 
 
 
 Benjnmin franklin and S.imuel Wkartcn^ (two of tlic 
 pciTons to whoni the royal grant in qucftion was to 
 have been made by tlic Untijh government) was pr.*- 
 fcntcd to the Honorable the United States in Coni^rcfs 
 afrembled,-— fctling fortli all the procecdini;s, which 
 had been had in the premifes, and that thty ^ihe mc- 
 morialirts) and their airociatcs had incurred a great lofs 
 of time, (particularly Sitmuel IVhnrton^ in an abfence 
 of more than eight years from his family and affairs) 
 and expended a very larj;c fum of money, in cond acting 
 the bufintfb through the orhces and departments of the 
 Dritijh government, Sec. whereby together with the be- 
 fore recited contrnf^t they acquired an equitable title to 
 the lands in qucftion, notwiihflanding the Inftrument 
 for conveying tjjc fame was not complcated, by reafonof 
 the foregoing hofliliii^s.' 
 
 "Dr, Frunkiin ^mWtr.fVharton alfo reprcfcnted, that 
 at the United States had Aiccecded to the fovtrcignty of 
 the territory, v.'hich they hru! contracted for, they con- 
 fided, that tHey would think It juA; and rcafonabtc to 
 connder the faid tcrrirory, at fubjecl to fuch ctntraHs 
 and difpojitions as wci:; made concerning it, while itcon- 
 fefledl]rbelonged tothe BritifitTovtm, and that they might 
 rot fufier (6 great an injury by a change o^fovereign- 
 ty, u to h^ deprived of th^ir equitable right to the faid 
 lands ; and laftly thty^^prtyed, thtt the li|(ids ittight be 
 granted to them, and to (l|iir hilri atii A^Ikm (in 
 c|(|jft for themA^ivet and'aiTociiitct) iipoii the terms and 
 conditionf Df thetr commR, and of the oiilei' orf the 
 privji ceuncii fmukr tU gr*a^fiai tktn^} dr Upon 
 liich other tennt| armaj be tQ•v«(l^a|i^^lntttreiU 
 of the UniUd SM 
 
■'^ 
 
 (two of tl)e I 
 icftion was to 
 :nt) was pre- 
 't in Coni^rcrs 
 'dinL;s, which 
 luy ^ihc mc- 
 .d :i great lofs 
 in an abfcncc 
 ly and affaiis) 
 in conduifting 
 tmcnts of the 
 r wiih t^e be- 
 iiitable title to 
 le InOrumcnt 
 i, by rcafonof 
 
 rcfcnted, that 
 
 fovtrcignty of 
 
 [or, they con- 
 
 reafonabtc to 
 
 [ich centralis 
 
 while itcon- 
 
 attbey might 
 
 ( fovcrcign- 
 
 it CO the faid 
 
 »di might be 
 
 M (in 
 
 iC terms and 
 
 cff the 
 
 '} dr tipon 
 
 chat 
 chcixcaty, 
 
 '. oil 
 
 APPENDIX, No. I. 
 
 iGi 
 
 of Fort 5'f<i«ii;/A •— -That flic was a humble fuitor to 
 the h'ingt for a ])art of the country ceded by it to the 
 crown, and endeavoured to extend her government 
 over the Allegany Mount. lirif— -hut by a royal procla- 
 mation and repeated inllru^ions, was forbidden: 
 
 Thai Ihe had far/y and official notice of the contraE} of 
 Mr. IValpolc and aiTociaies, .uid gave luch anfwer as 
 appears in the preceding papes, but never prefunied to 
 lay -any claim to ih.c "Vedtd lands, nor c)bje61 to the 
 grant of Imiidinn, — On tlu contrary, fuppofed, that 
 this grant and the one to Mr. Cioghatiy ** would takt 
 place of all neiv advert urersy^ and declared, that fl:e 
 did not pr^fume to fay, " to whom his moft gracious 
 " Majelty iliould grant h^s vacant lands\, nor fct her- 
 felf up as an opponent lo Mr. Walpolc and his aflbci- 
 atcs; — all that was hoped for, was, that all rights, 
 whether equitable or legal, Ihould be preferved and 
 protected " — And the fame juft regard was alfo {hewn 
 hy the privy council of England and the Lords for trade^ 
 &c. towards the equitable rights of all perfons, for 
 fpotsoF land within the tra^t to be granted to Mr, 
 IValpele and his aiTociares. 
 
 If the proceedings, in the cafe of MefTrs. Franklin ^ 
 Wharton t Trent and their aJSbclates, are coniidercd, 
 and the great expenct and lofs of time incurred in ifii^ 
 profecucion of their central, and that notlilng pre- 
 vented their obtaining a grr.nt for the fame, under the 
 great feal of England^ but the change of fovereignty 
 from the Kiug therieof to the United States of America, 
 Mufl n.ot all impartial perfons concur in faying, that 
 tbefe gentlemeu have the iiaireft claim upon the juftice 
 of C^ngrtfit as they are the equiuble purclufert and 
 owners pf the ianos in qu^ftion ? For their cwtrafi ii 
 acknows^Ddged by all depanments of the Briti/h govern* 
 menr, uude^ i^ I*^ ^ *^^ privy eouHciU «~T1iit H£i 
 
 v^r 
 
 W 
 
 caipoi 
 
 .A •■ 
 
 ►, » 
 
 ^.•^ '.k^' 
 
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 ,K .-■ 
 
■^FTT <-<rn f^v- 
 
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 'If- : 
 
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 ii- 
 
 rr'' 
 
 I'J' 
 
 
 «%*= 
 
 ■■■*->;• 
 
 V, 
 
 ^:^,: 
 
 APPENDIX, No. r. 
 
 cannot be denied, as public d.\u\ indlfpm.iblc aiitbon- 
 lits arc rc.uh to bt produced to prove Ji. — 'V\\t glorious 
 revolution at ibcfe llates w.is not made to dcdroy, but 
 among other tiling"^, to proton private pr«ipertjr; and a? 
 the i^rant ti) !M>. llVs. t'tnnklui^ t'n:. wouUl have pafled un- 
 der tlie Ihitijh r,overnnient,— can it be fuppofeil, that 
 the Conv^rel's oi Inirnd^ I'o fanud tor wildom, forti- 
 tude and liberality, vvil! he Icl's ienllble to tlie influence 
 ot juliice, th.in the Kin^ of England was "—YovK^ it 
 virtue; — fv)r!)i'i it equity: — The mind revolts at an 
 ide.i iu injurious to tlie nati»>nal hojuiur and probity of 
 the Unitiil StattSy — who abound in too much wildom 
 not to know, — tiiat after all the proceeilings had upoti 
 the contra(it fo recognized by the privy council, &c.— • 
 if there had been any denial of jullice in En^landf the 
 court of chancery Oi that kingdom, upon the application 
 of MeiTrs. Franklin^ &c, would have decreed a yyf'frr/S'c 
 performance of the agreement on the part of the crown. 
 This the molt celebrated judges and lawyers of that 
 kingdom, have uniformly declared, as " it is .a 
 
 •* KNOWN AND ESTABLISHED HULE IN Ec^UITT, 
 ** THAT FROM THE Tl ME OF THB CoN TRACT, /^^ 
 
 " Vendor iV'a TfLUSTEB for the Vendee^ Uillthe Con- 
 *< VEYANCE IS EXECVTEDy and if thc vcndor fhould 
 ^' afterwards fell the fame lands to anothei^, having 
 ** notice of thc precedent contraft,-- — *£^tti/v ftill 
 *' TRANSfEEt the T^ u iT, mnd tkijirji vmJtsmzYf 
 '< in fuch cafe, bring his bill againft thc fecond vendee 
 ** ftr a fffcific p0r/ormMr<K^* 
 
 
 r 
 
 AI»PEN* 
 
 ■#-• 
 
 • Cftfes b tqiakf, vot t. printeiln x;^^. 
 
>. r. 
 
 Ic aiitfiori- 
 iic gloi i0U5 
 cflroy, bui 
 ityj and aj 
 : pafll'd un- 
 pofcil, that 
 !om, forti- 
 e intliiencc 
 -FoihiJ it 
 volts at an 
 probity of 
 ich wildom 
 i had upott 
 icil, &c.— • 
 iglanJf the 
 application 
 :d 2/jfeci/ic 
 the crown, 
 rs of that 
 
 IT IS Ji 
 
 Eqjuity, 
 
 KACT, the 
 
 7 the CoN- 
 ior ihould 
 having 
 >quiiy ftill 
 dti mays 
 id TcnUee 
 
 
 EN- 
 
 I 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 2. 
 
 /;/ the Houfc cf D:legati:Sy of Virginia June 9, 1779. 
 Jitfolvedy 
 
 THAT the commonwealth ot: I'irginic hath tlic 
 excliifive right ot pre-emption from the ln<iia>'Sy 
 oi all the lands within the limits of its own chartered 
 tfrritoryy as declared by the a^l and conllitution of go- 
 vernment, in the year i 776, that no perfon or pcifons 
 whatever have, or ever hady a right to pnrchafe any 
 lands within the fame, tVom any Indian nation, cxrepr 
 only pcrfons duly authorized to make luch purchafcs, 
 on the public account, 7'c?rm^r/v for the lift and beng- 
 ft of the f<//o«^ and lately of the commonwealth, AND 
 
 THAT SUCH EXCLUSIVE RiGHT OF PRE-F.MPTION 
 WILL, AND OUGHT lO BK MAINTAINED BY THIS 
 
 Commonwealth, to THt utmost of its Power. 
 Refolvedy 
 
 That every purchafe of lands heretofore made by the 
 Kir\g of Great Britaiuy from any Indian nation or na- 
 tionsy within the h^ore mentioned limits^ doth and ought 
 to endure fof ihrcr, to and for the ufe and Ifeuefit of this 
 fommcnwealtkf and t$ indforn^ other ufe^ or purpofe 
 whatfoevor* J - 
 
 ' Ref^id^ >|herefore» 
 
 JThAt tho <lee<i from the ^f x United Nations of Indi-^ 
 anxa^bearing date on the third day of November, 1 768^ 
 for certain lands between the jfllegany Mountains and 
 tike RiffT Ohi^, ab^Vc the mouth of the Little Kevhawa 
 Creeks to and for t]^ ufe and benefit of a certain fVi/' 
 ^pn Ttmf, gemlemaa, in his own right, and at «t-» 
 ttimqr ^Of fundry perfons in the faid deed nftoed^ t» 
 w«U at alMdi^ ^^H^h which haye been otr ihaU be 
 «l|ik«.li tof /«i&ui or Indians, for Umdt VfUltmtke 
 ^t ff thfdkrtifr mU UrriUry ^KirfuiU 4r 4|bfv. 
 
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 164 ^, A P P E N D t X, No. I. f^ 
 
 £ntk ^ <"• »r the wfc or benefit of tny private perfbtf*- 
 
 . Z' !^ perTont, ftiall be, on^ th^ famt art ht^h dfxlf/^^ 
 '*' •; Ki/iT^ff voii, ami cf no tffefi: Which !>eing fei 
 ' fa^jt W4R carried in the affirmative, without aj 
 • or amendment, by a great majority. The 
 being $0 and 28. • 
 
 June th6 1 7th|rr779, the affembly paflcd the fotlpwW^- 
 , ^ ing law refpeAing tKe fight oi pre-emuQk, 
 
 To remove and fMrei^eot ait douttjpli^eHi^ng pur- 
 chafes of lands from fiSfi Indian nativfijjMe-it dechtred 
 * , by the general aiTembf^, that this ^OT^^iB;|i|^ hat|!k: 
 iv'.|%ie e^elufive right ot pre'tmption frorfl^N? ^'Wh '^ 
 :.'"^(fttt lands •u;i7i&ifi tlie Umits of i/J |i^«y|JNrr#M ' 
 »* deferred by Uic aft and conSltutkw-^ ^ 
 in the year 1776 — Thai no perfon 6rpciTona#ifiHo^. 
 '||Si;qr hsi^d^^r ett/r had, a rigSt to purchaf^ any )tt^ 
 vitliM^c Citmi^ from any IkdiaH n|tibn, . except mh 
 fftPfllti^' duly authorized t^ ma^ fiiflt pwtchafes on ne 
 fmhlw aco^iht firmerfy forfhu^mmd •-— ** -^ 
 W^ and mlty oi thej^**"* ' ■ ' 
 
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