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 No. 1.— ST. .M)l!\ HARItOUR. Hhuoe, l7fil, (witl. (•ertiiin nd.iiiinn^). 
 
 
 / 4^*^'*" "%. 
 
 
 >^ h 
 
 H[i)l} }}'Jlfc'^7rh 
 
 llhte, 
 
 M"'^ 
 
 :f' 
 
 DaniferousLi'J'/i' of Hocks 
 
 
 2'2 
 2)4 
 
 Ih. 
 
 2h 
 
 K 
 
 , nirJ<irMari 
 
 Wf^^^' 3 
 
 ^^ 
 
 m'^^^ 
 
 4 
 
 X 
 
 T(i illiiNtnite Mr. W. K. (iuiionii's pain'i' mi Inn I.u Tniir'. 
 
\ 
 
 .Section 11, I8i'l. 
 
 61 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 
 v;>. 
 
 *>*y 
 
 "^ANs. Roy. Son. C 
 
 ANAU.\. 
 
 HI. — The ,Slt(' 0/ Fori Jji Tour. 
 
 By AV. F. Ganong, A.M. 
 
 (roinniniiicaKHl by ! >r. ( ic.iw .■^tcwiiif, F.I!.( i..s., M„y -V, ISOl.) 
 
 A.niclstth,. many bv.vo .IokIs whi,.]i onrwh Canadian annals, a foromo,.t pla. . inusf 
 evorb..gu'en1oth.nol,|,. .loionro by Madanu. d. la Tour of h.r hu.sband's fbrf by th,- 
 Itu-er M. John. Tb-.v is no event in the history of Acadia, not oven exeeptin.^ the expul- 
 sion, which so po^verlully lon.-hos the deepest .hor.l.s of our human ..vmpathies as does 
 th.. me.dent, with it.s pi... ure,s.jue .seMing of Fren.h feudalism romantically colouring ,he 
 eold rooks and dark iores.n of ,he north, with its true womanly drv-.tion opposed .0 h.arl ■ 
 less treachery, with its pathetically futile hn-ois-m. 
 
 IlapiMly tlae story is well authenticated, for it r.sts upon ,he authority of two of ,h. 
 UU.S truthlu of all the ..hron.elors of Aeadian events ; indeed, it ma. be added, almost 
 .ole y upon then, authority.' The bearers of this honour are Nicolas Denvs, governor under 
 the Lrench V.ng ol all the Gulf shore from Rosiors to (\.p,. Breton, and .lohn Winthrop 
 puntan governor of Mas.saohusetts, both of th.m .ontcmporary with the event, both flo 
 iiear ,ts Wsh realism to see in it the romance with which the "solientng haxe of distance 
 shows It to ns both too pra..tieal an.l too honest to pervert its i^u'ts i^,r lUerarv decoration 
 . or dramatn' effect. 
 
 Denvs- narrative cannot be too often repeated.^ La Tour's fort, he .ell. us was "destroyed 
 by dAunay alter he had wrongfully takei. possession of it. as he iu.d no r.d.t whatever 
 to do, and which he Avould have t.nind great dilfi, ulty m ae,.om|,l.shi,m- had he not been 
 advised ol the absenc of Si.'ur de la Tour, who had taken with h.m a p«rt of his garrison 
 leaving only his wife and the remainder of his p.ople to keep the fort. After havin- sus! 
 tamed for t^hree days and threo niuh.s all the assaults of d'Aunav, and having oldi-ed 
 him to with,lraw beyond reach of her cannon, she was finally oblitre.I to surrender on the 
 lourth day, whuh was Easter day, havin- been betrayed by a Swiss who was on .^nard 
 whilst she, hoping for some respite, was making her lolio^vers rest. The Swis.s bribed 
 by d'Aunay's men, allowed them to mount to the as.sault, which was resisted for .some 
 time by the lady commander at the head of her garrison. She onlv sur.-endere<l at the 
 last extremity, and under condition that dAunay should spare all. \vh.ch, indeed Jie did 
 not do, for alter making himself master of the plae,-, he threw liie.n all into prison along 
 with their lady comin.mder. Then by advice of his eonncil, he ' g them, with the 
 exception of a single one whose life was spared on the .onditiou that he would do the 
 hanging ; and the lady commander had to be pres,.nt at the ^oatlbld with a rope around 
 her neck as though she was the vilest .rimiual." 
 
 Blnuk?l!lr!'''f!r"'''''' .''"'" '" "" ''''"''' ^'"**' ''"'""^ """■'' «'^''' "" '«J«P«^^"d^n7b7t brief an7m.W«„i7ally 
 similar acoount or tn« event. ■' 
 
 ' iSh) tit)jieiiiji.\ 
 

 62 
 
 \V. ¥. 'lANOXi; OK riiM 
 
 Winthrop is more concise, biit as we would expect i'roin n N.-w l-higlitiitlev, he gives 
 us exact lio-ures:' "We uuderslood lor certain iiftevwards thai Monsieur La Tours fort was 
 lakeu by assault auiUrululu, tluitMoiisieur d'Aunnv Inst in the attempt twelve men and liad 
 many woH)uled, and that h.' iiad put lo death all ih.' men (both iMvnrh and English) and 
 liad taken the lady, wlio difd witliin three weeks alter." Thi' year ot the event was 164o. 
 
 Sueh is the brave story. Should not Canadians evr wish io point to the spot where 
 it was enacted.^ But where was Fori La Tour.' At the present day no niaji can point 
 witli e( rtaint V to its site. It is in llic i-llbri to help towards the settlemeni of liiis import- 
 ant (pu'sliou ihat the jire.M'nt argument is sul'Uiitled to this soci(-ty. 
 
 There are thrre several localitii's wliirli have It >en elaim.'d as lie' site ofthe ibri.a,nd 
 to these a fourth must now be added. 
 
 I. At the mouth of the Jemseg, 35 miles up the river from 8t. John. 
 !!, On St. John Harbour, west sir ■ of the entraure. where Fort Dulierin now 
 
 stands. 
 III. Oa St. Je.lui liarbour, west side. :it Carhtoi) I'oiip., opposite Xavy Island, 
 where I'orl l'"rrdfriek afterwards stood ; wow known loeally as "Old 
 lH>rt."' 
 IV Oil St. .lohn Harbour, east side, and probal)ly on the i>reseut rortland I'oinl. 
 
 We shall very lj;ielly examine the evidence for and against each locality, 
 
 I.—The Jl^^r^'l■.<} Sitk. 
 
 At least two writers whose views are entitled to consideration have pla.ed Fort La 
 Tour at Jemseg, where, as is well known, the French had a fort about 1070. Tiu> late 
 Moses H. Perley, in a l(H:ture delivered in St. Jolm in J-!41, of whi^h the MS. i.- now in 
 possession of his son, Mr. Hi-nry F Pevley. of Ottawa, gives this loeality. but no substan- 
 tial reasons therefor. Ai)pare)uly Mr. Perley had not access to either Denys' or Winthrops 
 works. M. .F. Ivameau de Saint-Kre, in both editions of his "Hue t'olonie Feodale," ' 
 likewise gives us this view and with uo reasons, merely tin 1)are state.uent that it was at 
 .Temse'j. It will take l<ut few words to disnii.^s this supi,)osition. The evidence lor it we 
 do not know ; against it are the faeis. 
 
 (.1 ) All known maps, marking the fort, place it at the mouth ofthe river. 
 
 (:J.) Denys' full description, quoted below, places it :,t tlie mouth. 
 
 ('■].) The mortjago of the fort, signed by La Tour himseli. and given to Major tribbotis, , 
 of Boston, in security for large loans made to La Tour, is pr^ scrvd in the Sull'olk County 
 K\'coids iu liosloii and reads as follows: ' 'his fort called fort La T(..ure aiul plantaeon 
 w'''in )"= uorthenn' part of america wherein y'' s'' mouns'' together -vith his family hath 
 of late made his Residence, scittuate iV being at or neere the inortth of a eertajue Ui\er 
 called by y*^ name oi [St.] Johns River.' 
 
 ' Hii-tery ofN.jtt ICnglaiKl, 11, ]i '-'3S. 
 - Paris, 1S77, ;uul Paris and Monlroal, 18S9. 
 
 ' SiiUbll< ( 'euiity IVcls, V.;l. I, fol. !i, 10; Hazard, .»-tate I'apers, Vol. I, p. ,")(!. .lad;, llif.tery of .'^t. .r,.,liii, 
 p. 150. 
 
 S'\\^\ 
 
siTK OF i<'<)|;t la toui;. 
 
 63 
 
 Noiliiiig could l)i> ludv*' Hiili!?Jiu-toiy on this point, iuid t'Vi'ii olIii'ioviiK'inc is known.' 
 
 II. — TliK FOHT JJlJKl-KlilN SlTH. 
 
 To this view, ^Ir. J. \V. Jviiwronit', New Brun.swifk'.s v('ini;il)lc hi.stoiijin, ;in<l Mr. 
 W. ]'. Dolo, oi »St. John, have !,nvt.'u their iullivrfiuu'. W'c rannol lind thiil liic fonui.T liii.s 
 expro.sNL'd his opinion in i>iinl ; buL tin.' httt r lia.s wunuly chanipioucd tliu ciiu.iL' in a 
 papi'v read bel'orr the N. B. lli.sloriral .Soeiety, and published in abs.lra<'t in thi- .Si. John 
 Daiii/Sun of Jlecetnber .5, 1»88. The evideU'e in I'avour of the vii'W i.s all expre^.sed in thi' 
 following ,suniin;iry : — 
 
 (1.) Tradition, derived from early .srttlers, in eonneetion with the fact that lifty years 
 ago trace.s of old earthworks were there to be .seen, and that a well in the vii.inity was 
 ealli-.l the Old Fnn. h well. 
 
 CJ.) I,> 'Uy.s' description of thi,' harlxnir, in whieh, aceordini^' to Mr. Dole, it is staled 
 tiiat Ciiarnisay's Fort, built alter the destruetion of Fort La Tour, was farther up the 
 harbour than the latter. i\s Denys plainly locates Charnisay'.sFort, whi>re Fort l-'rederjik 
 afti-rwards was, Fort La Tour nin>t tiinrrore, ;m rordins' to Mr. Dole, be below, and Fort 
 Dullerin is the natural situation for it. 
 
 No docnmentary, or earto<,naphical or oilier evidence is offered in sujiport of the view. 
 
 That it lautuiL express the truth appears to l)e shown by the lollowiiiu' facts: — 
 
 (1 ) Tradition in such a case as this is well nigh worthless. Mr. Dole's tradition does 
 not pretend to go ))ack of the New" Enirland immigrants who came to the Hivcr in 1T(J[; 
 or 1703. The hundred and seventeen years whieh Imd ela]>sed since I'ort La Tour fell 
 hiid seen many <hanges about the liarbnur ; foils had been erected and destroyed, and 
 ■ hen the rocky shores had l)een abaiuloned by injiabitaiits for nianv years togi'ther. 
 Prior to the coming of the N'ew I'higlanders, ;dl of the French had been expelled from the 
 lower part of the river. AVhi'nce then did the former derive their tradiiion :■ L^nin- 
 terrupted occupation by a single people o-ives tiMililions of value, thinmh e\-en then they 
 may err; irregular and intermittent oc.ujiation by p>ople of dill'eront races can ati'ord no 
 traditions of weight in comparison witli documentary evidence. We know nothing of 
 the origin of the earthworks or old well. 
 
 (2.) Denys do's not say what Mr Dole attributes to him, but >omethin'j- eniirdv dif- 
 ferent, as our readers nuiy Judge for themselves from the tran-daticMi y-iven below, and 
 from the originalreproduced in the ai)pendi!;. That so accomplished a scholar :is Mr. 
 
 ' .As till! letter of Ciiirt^as to I iov. Wiiiiliiiip, (\Villi;Liiinin>< '' Maiiie '' N'ul. I, \t. '.'A'l, .\\v\ ri'Icri'iiccs here unci 
 llii'i-ciii Wiielimp'.i " Hisl(iry of .\liiss^iiliiisi.||s.' ) h i..; ciirli.ii^ \\u\\ llii- view (.ri^r.iiiUeil. Ilalibiiitnii divs imt 
 ili.«liiirtly .siiilc. liiiiu;.'li he implies it, I'l'ilialis he li.i.l il leuii liaililiuii, uml he was fdllowoil vvillioiil i|iU'Ktioii h\ 
 < icsiKu-, MniMe mill (itiii'V.«. I'cilry, hc'wi'vcr, aii'l UaiiieMr aiv. iiult'iMMnU'iit iiivi'.-ili'_Mli.r.i upuii \,.w lliiiiisw irl^ 
 lii.story auil I'aii liaiilly he >nppiis<Ml In liave aecppliMl it ivillmiit .sniiio evi'lciiee. 
 
 Tliere is yet anotlier arjiuiiiLMit, <\\\\X{' iinaiiswir.ilil.,', whirh 1 ha'l ■|iiito everleoKel, ami wiiich I cwc, with 
 ntlicr valual)le matter nii Nnw Uiimswick histmy, In .Mr .1 W. Law roiiix', uiii- Now liruii.swiek liiainriaii. 'I'lie 
 tiist atta<U on the I'ml hy ( l;aniiHii\ '.s sliips IumU plaie la lehiiiary, ami tlie liiial attack bolweoii tlic l:!lli ami liith 
 of April, at both of whiili scasims tim river i.s I'rez >ii |.i its iii/iMh, anM il weuM liave hoen iitlcrlv impos.sihle t(^ 
 reach .leuisu;.'. 
 
64 
 
 W. V. (^AXt)N'(l ON TllK 
 
 Dole Mliould hiivf luisrcad the plniii l-'rciuli orDon3'^s' narrative is most surprisiii<>. ilonys 
 (lui\s say that Ciianiisay's Fort stood (ui the site of Fort Frederick, as Mr. Dole states, hut 
 hi- says not oue word lluit can be i oiistrui'd to mean tliat i'ort Lii Tour stodd below it or 
 anywhere in the vieinity of l-'ort Dull'.rin ' 
 
 (;1) The total lack of other documentary and ot rarton-iaphical eviden(;e, in five ot 
 the mass of both, placing the fori, farther up the harbour, eannoi Ix- overlooked. I^arly 
 maps iiiarkiuu- Ihe forts on tli,' harbour phirc neitler of them nt ]-"orl Dullerin. 
 
 111.— TUK FuKT FuKDKinciv ?«iiii:. 
 
 Tliis view was mentioned by Murdoeli in Ibil 1. To it the adheren.e of James Ilannay, 
 alter long and eareful study bearing ;)u the qu",stion, i;ives the .stroinzest su|>porl ; and 
 other lorul historians believe lor the most part with him. Mr. Ilannay has summed up 
 the t'videnee in a paper presented to the N. 15. llisloiirid Soeieiy in Feb.. 18S:.',- and pub- 
 lished in a loi al paper ai iluit lime. 
 
 The evidence for his view is as follows, reslins? 
 
 (1) Upon a reading of l)enys" narrative, whieli Avould make liie "marshes'' referred 
 to by the latter the Hats of Courtemiy Bay; (.^harnisay's Fort, whi. h was above them on 
 the same side, would thendore eome on the east side, and iirobably at Portland Point. As 
 two forts are raimtioned by Deuys (a ta.t for which there is other ample evidence), and as 
 Old Fort Point (site of Inirt Frederick) is the only other place on the harbour where a 
 fort is known to have stood, by a jirocess of exclusion, F'ort ]/i Tour must have stood on 
 Old Fort Point in Caileton. 
 
 (-.) Opoii asiatement of M. Massede ,St. Maurice, in a letter to tlie iMeiich Government, 
 written in iTti", in which it is said : • Fort La Tour, or St. .Tohn, is im the lefi hank of ihe 
 River Si, .Tolin, and tiuit it has a garrison of 180 iMiglishmen." As this uarrison was cer- 
 tainly in Fort l-'rcderick, the latter and Fort La Tour must lht>rcfove occui)y the same site.' 
 
 (•!,) Upon a chain of r>'asoning \>hieh cnde.ivoius to trace Ihe history of both forts 
 eontiiiuou,-)ly from the lime oi La Tour and Charnisay to the building of F^ort Frederick, 
 and lo show that the Portland Point Fort, \'ill<'bon's Fort, and (.'harnisay's Fort all occu- 
 l)ied one site, while l''ort Frederick, a fort mentioned by Cardillac and others, aiul Fort La 
 Tour occupied the Carleton site. 
 
 No evidence horn maps is oi'fered l)y Mr. Mannay. 
 
 The rea.--ons why Mr, liaunay's arguments are far from convincing are as follow.- : — 
 
 (i.) He has incorre<tly read Ucnys' narrative ; or rather, in the copy or translation 
 
 ' t'lilc'ss lieii\ s' iiieiilien of "1101111111 tlio isliiml w licrc vcs-sels iiinlior" IjO tiikeii tu r«!er te I'lirtiiilfrc Ishiiul. 
 Hut iU)t inily L* this not .siisliiiiinl liy .an. Uvta ulialc,\('r in the, luiirativn, l)iit it in oxpre.s.sly iimtnuiiited by 
 Doiiyt! hliiisi'ir ,\ little fiirllior aluntr, alter dcMTitiir^ lln' iuubotir and fiirt.s, lio ri-,sMmeH hi.s lUscritilion of tla! 
 river ivheve Ihein, ,sayiijt; ; " TIih inland <if which 1 have spoken hein^' i)a8,seil, iiiidpr wliii-h ves.sels aiiehor that 
 ihey may be more .shcllcrnd, it i.? oidy n good ('.aniioii shot to tin- Tails,'' etc, Tho worda cannot poN.sibly be made 
 to apply to liny other than .Navy Jshiiid, 
 
 - Thu >IS. oriiii.s lie lias been so lipiienni.s as lo loan to Ihe (iresoiit writer for ii.^-e iti tho preparation of thi.^j 
 jiaifr. 
 
 tiivrii 111 .Murdoch's " Nova ScoUa," \'cil. II, p. Ss:;. 
 
 ' Mr Haiinay does not mention this in his paper, lint in a letter to the prL'.seni writer. 
 
SITK (W VoUT LA TOV\l. 
 
 6S 
 
 which hi' has us.'d. .some words ol' primary importanct! which aro fatal to his view have 
 h.-cii omith'il. This misroadin,!;>- of passages in Di'iiys' worlv, whi. !i ax-', in smli plain 
 iMoiU'h that il seems utlcrly inii>cssiliir that aiiyoiu' could ever misunderstand lliom, is 
 the stran;^-ost tact in all (dOur lucid literalure. As a matter (d la. I, as the reader can see 
 for himself hidow, Jtenys, after spcaldnu' ol what ilr. Ilannay must admil to ])e I'artridg.^ 
 Ishmd, goes on to add : " On the same side as the island there arc <>Teai marshes or Hats." 
 These. Avords, "on (he same side as the islar.d," are totally omitted fn.m Mr. Hannay's 
 translation as yiven in his paj>er, and thus is destroyed the sense of .^ paissage which in 
 its truth and entirety is ([uite fatal to I he theory he seeks to establish, lint iliis matter 
 will come up ae-iuji in a moment. 
 
 (•-'.) A hare statement of this .sort .'an have very liltli- weight when not backed by 
 reliable ovidcnc(> of some sort. W'e have no reason for Itelieving that M. Masse de St. 
 Maurice, writin<^' in IT'iO, had any reliable information as to the site of Fort La Tour. 
 But, on the other hand, maps of 17.J5 (presently to be referred to) are known, which place 
 Fort La Tour on the west side, and it w^as very probably from one of these that he had his 
 information. 
 
 (■'1) Mr. Hannay's whole reasonin-r is based, as he himself tells us, iipon the suppo- 
 sition that Fort La Tour stood on the Fort Frederick site. Taking- this for granted at the 
 start, he proceeds to show that all we know of the sub.sequent history of l)oth forts is 
 consistent with his assumption, and hence a strong degn-e of probability is attached to 
 the latter. ])Ut aside from the fact that Mr. Ifaiinay by no means succeeds in proving all 
 of his i)oints in the line of the .irgument, owing to our very scanty knowledge of their 
 sub.sequent history,' there is the additioiuil dilliculty that if the assuini>tion to start with 
 be just the rever.se, i.e., that I'ort La Tour was at rorthuid Foint, everything is just ascou- 
 sistent with the assumption as in the former case. 
 
 The entire absence of cartographical evidence is a serious drawback to Mr ILmnay's 
 argument. The only maps he mentions, two in number, he admits to be against his 
 view. In a question of exact geogra[)hy. the evidence of maps cannot })e neglected. 
 
 ' I'orinstun.ii, to tiike but ii finglo point. Mr. U.iiuiay argiio.'^ froui passages in I'liiircli's lii.story of lii« eastern 
 expBilition tlmt Villulion'.s fort, Imill iu \u'.n',, wa.s on tlio oa.st side. But Iliis U directly oppo-scil by a stati'nient of 
 Broiiillon, who was personally on llio fironnd in 1701. Hi.s .ifrtcription of the tort {in " Collertion liis Maiuiserits," 
 (Jneb.v, Iss-l, Vol. H, p. ;-!!i|i) calls th«' laii.l "low. wet and unliealthy, which inaUes both L-arrisou and atore» 
 sillier," which applie.s pcrfeclly tu llie V\d t'ort I'oint site, but not to I'orlland I'oinl. Tlien he says : " Ttie water 
 is very bad :ind very scarce"— almost the identical words ol' lieiiy.-, who aiiplied iheni to ( 'harni.say's Vort at C'ar- 
 lelon (see. behnv p. (.7) ; an-l tlu'u lie a Ids : " Tim place is very contracted, and .ill that M. Villebon has been able 
 to do lia.sbeen to arran^re what little earlli there i.s in bastions very litth; elevated and with a sIoi)e very easy to 
 surmount.'' .\iul :n;ain i. Murdoch, 1, p. Jbc. i^. ^.^n^ jj, ■'extreniel> small, and eornuianded on one .side by an 
 island, at the distance, of a pistol .shot, and on the other by a lieight which eornniaiided it entirely, at the distance 
 of oidy a hundred and od<l fathonis, with the. di.-advantite of bavins; no water to drink without «oini» to seek it 
 lieyond the tonent of tlie liiver .'^t. .lohn." Ihouillon thus clearly indicates that \'illebon's Fort was in Carleton, 
 and not on the oast side, as .Mi. Hannay's cluiin of icasoninjr iviuires. 
 
 ,-l.v (/ii.« /«/„ r ixjiassiiiii thnmjl, tin prcn.", I hare nciiri'l (m,,, Juris a copy of a map in lli, /V.hcA Archirts, mtitk'tl 
 " Vlan <lu fiirt dc hi Riricrr dc St. Jniii, par /c Sr. dr ]'i/liu', 2u >br 1700." Tins n VdMn.u'^' i.,rl, and shows it mr- 
 rounded Inj miUr on Ih,- irrst, uorlh awl rast sid'S. aud r"i:v,tid with tin land tn the sonth Inj a inar.d,ii nnlc. This scttks 
 linallij tlw silualiim of Vilhl.mi's fort, as Mr. Iltmnuj, uho ha< san the ma/i, admil.-^. It nvs iu Carliton al •' <M Fori." 
 llenee Mr. Hannay's cliain of reasoninf: must f.iU to the ground. 
 
 .Tust to the .soutb-wesl on this map is marked a hill, with the inscriiition, "hauteur d'oi^ io fort pent estre 
 incommode." This is of cour.so the heijiht mentiojied by Ihouillon. and is the very abrupt liill,bi^'lior than "Ol.l 
 Vort," on Water street between Market and I.udlow, in Carleton. 
 
 See. II, IsOl.^a 
 
66 
 
 W. V. (!AN<»N(! ON TIIK 
 
 IV.— The Torti^and Toint Sitk. 
 
 So i'iir as h« knovv.s, the present writer is lli.> lirsl wlm lias l)eoii tbrci'd to tho (on.lu- 
 sioii that Fort La Tour was on the oust side of the harl.Di.v. probal)!}' at ['orthiiul INjiat.' 
 This view is based upon the I'ollowiim' I'acts : — 
 
 (1) Deiiys' discriplion of the harl)oiir shows that Fort La Tour eould not have been 
 at Carleton. Deiiys' authority on matters ol' I'avl of this kind has never been qneslioned. 
 All writers praise his honesty and aoiMirary.- He was an eye-witness of nearly all ho 
 describes. He knew intimately both La Tour aiul ("harnisay, had visited 8r. John har- 
 bour, and after La Tour's ruin had employed .some of La Tour's men, as he himself 
 tells us. He must have known then where Fort La Tour was. His entire refereneij 
 to the subject is as follows : "The entranee of the river Snint John is daimcrous of access, 
 the shore rantrinir dose up from both directions; the bet;t entrance is on (he starboard 
 or ri<,'ht hand si<k', iu)t approacliiiig too near tiie sliore. This entrance is narrow, 
 because of a little island which is to larboard or on the left side, which beine- passed 
 the river is much larger. On the same side as the island there are large marshes or flats 
 which are covered at high tide ; the beach is of iruddy sand, which makes a point, which 
 passed, there is a cove [orcteekl which makes into the said marshes, of which theentraace 
 is narrow, and there the late Sienr Monsieur de la Tour had caused to be made a weir 
 [or dam, eclim] in which were caught a great number f)f those (Jaspereaux which were 
 salted for winter ; he several times caught there so great a quantity that it was nooessary 
 to })reak the weir and jiush them back into the sea, as otherwi.se they would have givcu 
 the weir a stench wliicli would have been ruined by it. There were found there some- 
 times also salmon, alewives and bass, which is the maigre of La Kochelle, which serve all 
 the spring as a grand manna, for the inluilniants of this country. 
 
 "A little further on. beyond the said wcir, there is a little mound where d'Auuay 
 built his fort, which I have not found well placed according to my idea, for it is com- 
 numded by an island which is very near and hiuher ground, and behind which all ships 
 C!X\ place themselves undercover from the fort, in which there is only water from pits, 
 which is not very good, no better than that outside the fort. It would have bei'ii in my 
 oi)inion better placed behind the island where vessels anchor, and where it would have 
 been higher, and, in consequen.'e, not conunandiid 1>y other neighbouring jilaccs, and 
 would have had good water, as in that \\ hicli was l)nilt: by the said late 8ieur de la Tour, 
 which was destroyed by d'Aunay after lie had wrongfully taken possession ol it,"— and 
 so on as has already been quoted at th'/ beginning of this paper. 
 
 We do )iot believe that any modern writer could condense into so few words a 
 description of the harl)our which would 'be more easily recognizable. Upon the larger 
 
 ' It ia tnio two oMrt wiitors, \\'iliiaiii.^nii, in liis " Jli.sior.v of iln lit'," \'ol. I, \>. 308, iiiul Smith, in " Aniorica," 
 Vol. IV, p. 1-1:'., liiive .-tiiicl tliat tlio fort .stiKul un tlio east siilo,wlioie llii> city now is, ]ml neither givo any authority 
 for tlio atiitemeiit. I'rolmbly tlio latter ro|iio.l il fnmi tiie i'..niior, who in liirii looU it I'loin some of the ol.l raaji.s 
 to whicli \\e rofer ht'luw. 
 
 •' ^eo •■ Ai'iericii," IV, p. 15:!, wliidi sa> s : " lie was a carcfiil and ohsoivant navijjalcr, Imt in its historical part 
 it i.s confwseJ ami iiorploxiii-" Tlii.s critiiMsm tlow not rel'iT to hi,s relations of lualtiMs of fact with which he was 
 coutouiporary, luit to liis rliscii.ssion of c.l.lci iii,story. Note that ('liailcvuix says of him : " Ih^ lolls nothinir hut 
 what ho saw himsulf." 
 
 I ^ 
 
%. 
 
 '\- 
 
 I ^ 
 
 % 
 V 
 
 ^ 
 
 si 'II-: (IF Foirr la lonu. 
 
 \ 
 
 % 
 
 07 
 
 ^<^A 
 
 iMiip ii.N oiiii)aiiyiiin' this |M|.,'i. a ropy of a portion of l]nio.-"s vfinr^^^f vpiU, whi'li, made 
 lro)ii sniv.'ys, is (putr ar, miiU' and nIiowk tho hailiour iminoaili.'d fi^ iiiodnii rhaiisjos, 
 D.'iiys- d.'S'.Tiptiun ran \m.' ivadily Ibn-w-d; as, ind.'.'d. il ,n)i !),• uilliout a map l>y thoso 
 iamiliar \vi(h St. Joliii llarhoiir 
 
 ^ Fs it pos.-iblo to donht tliat llio inland .0. Ih- |..li of Hi,, .■ninm.o mnition-'d hy D.-iiys 
 is rartridLiv hland, or tiiat Iho niarsh.>s and iiats on {\w samo si.lc as tho i.sland an- tho 
 Cariotun Hals, oxtunding all along th.' west sidi- of the harlxnir and m.-ruinir into tin' great 
 marshy mud Hats now for the mo.st part filled in excepi for the Mill I'ond ' How" can 
 th.. Hats so d«seribed hy Deiiys pos.jMy 1„. th,- Courh^nay Jiay Hats as require.l by Mr. 
 ilannay's theory ? The hea. h. vvhieh is eompo.sed of muddy or miry sand, and whieh 
 extends out into u point, is euMitioned next. Can it be doubi.'d that "tliis point is that 
 whi(di is now ,Sand roint :- A modt-rn chart slunvs even bi'tt( r than the iJruee map the 
 ext.'ut iuid lorm of ties- Hals, and how u,li |),.nya' description aiplies thereto. This 
 point iHing pas.s.d, lie tells ns there is a cove (or .reek) makiiiu' int.. thr sai.l marshes, 
 across the narrow entrance of whidi La Tour buih his weir Can any description be 
 clean-r than this > What are the '• said marslies," if not the Oarh'toi, (i.ais already referred 
 to, now filled in ex,vp( for the Mill I'ond '. .\nd the creek is shown with th.' most satis- 
 lying clearness in Bnice's map Just above the beaeh of gravel. Where are the i)larcs on 
 the east .side of the harbour to which these words vvould ai^iily '. 
 
 And now comes th.' crucial iioiiit : " A little further on, beyond the said weir, there 
 is a little mound where d'Annay built his fort," s:.ys Doiys. There is such a mound pre- 
 cksely where Denys says; and upon it long alterwards I'orl l-'rederi. k .toed; (here is no 
 other with which it can be confounded. Here then was the site of Charnisay's Fort. 
 Hew .-an this des.'ription be [.o-sibly so for<;ed as to plac,. it at Portland Point, as Mr. 
 Hannay would have us believe :" Ibit (his is not all ; Denys (ells us more: "I have not 
 found |itj well placed according to inv idea, for it is commaiub'd by an island which is 
 very near and higher ground, and behind which all ships can place themselves under 
 cover from the fort, in Avhich is only water from pits [or wells], whid/. is not very good ; 
 no better than that outside (!,e lort.'^ There is but a single island in the harbour above' 
 Tartridge Island, and that i.s very near the mound. It is to-day of about the same height 
 as the site uf Port Pivderi.'k, bm even now at low tide vessels could lie behind it out of 
 reach of the guns of a fort on the shore. There is good reason to suppose that the island 
 was higher nearly two hundred and fifty years ago.' As there is but a single island in the 
 harbour, this one apparent ineonsisteucy as to its height cannot throw us off tin- track. 
 
 • Tho islan,) i..^ wubliin^ away very ruiii,li\ iiiilecl, t.io e.stiiiiat() <,f a ic.si.l,.iit, Leiiig tlmt C.e foet of Die lower 
 ea,l have .iisappoared within tliirty years. It- his;lit..-t point '.s at i„esHiit Iwentv loet ali-.ve liiirli ti,le ai.oul tlio 
 lieifl.t of the "01.1 Fort" site. Jt was i.rol,ah,y |-..i-.aorly wo<„k.,l, an.l lar^.',, .sl.,iai..s can still Ih- seen ,„ .,,/« ui,on 
 Its northern beach. It i.s known t.(, l>e steadiiy sinkinjr, but tlie inovcnicnl probably afU'ds the nininland as «oll 
 It <'onsisls of gravel ..verlyin- .slate, and even im hi-littsl part may have l)een lovvercl n.ucO, in two huiulrod and 
 f.>r(y years. It is .juite |M,.«sibfe, loo, Uiat the old fort site i.i hi-her than wh. n Charnisav balk his f„rt uiion it, 
 as the suiressive rebniKlin-s npon tho site would tend to r.iise il s.niewbat. An >.M resi.l.-nt on the i.-land told 
 me that very large numbers of cannon l>all3 had been exp. >,• 1 i , i:,e wasidn^.' aw.iy of a clav bank at the nortli- 
 ern end, balls which seonied to have been slioi from the op!«,siie, i. r. the Portland,' shore. I'l seems certain that 
 theso must have been tired from the lort on Torllaud I'oint. Is it not [rohabL^ tiiiu, they came from Fovt I.a Tour 
 agai.ust the sbip.s of dAnhiay dnrin- its vi.L'nrMH dcfenccN? And do the;. ,„,t jnc.oasc the |.robal)ilitv (hat it was 
 La Tour's fort which stood there, and not i harni.-^ay's, whicli was tciiip..rary and |,n.lnvbly never lJe8ie^'ed, ns ho 
 had no enemies after it was built '.' 
 
68 
 
 VV. I<\ (JANOiV*. ON TlIK 
 
 Then till- jioiiil, iiM to I lie liiid water; ixh tho Rrnrc uiii|> shows, mikI as oM people in Curie- 
 toil (iic.;onliiif,'' to Mr. Iliiiuiiiy) still reineinlxT, tlie low iriouii<l of wiucli we speak was 
 cut ott" from tlio main shore l>y a Ijttlo rnarsh, through which run a small ort>ek, which 
 wiiH lilled at hi<rh tide, iiiakini? an island of the mound. Under HUeh conditions good 
 water within the fort was un impussihility, aii<l it eoiild he jillle hetter than that whieh 
 flowed outside. ThiN is les.i prol.ahly the ease with Tortland Toiiit, which is on high 
 ground hacked hy rocky hills, conditions which should jjive good wnl'v IVoiu wcHk. 
 
 So much for the site of Oharnisay's fort. l!ut w here waH La Tour's ? In the next 
 passage we are. told : " It would hive hcen in my opinion hetti'r placed hehind the island 
 where vessels anchor, aiul where i( would have been higher, and in conse(|uence not 
 commanded l)y other neighbouring places, and would liavi' hud good water as in 
 tliat wiiich was l)uilt hy the said late Sieur de la Tour." \a\ Tour's fort, then, stood 
 Ijchiud the island where vessels anchor. Is there any ambiguity here '^ Can it i)ossihlv 
 mean anything other than that it stood on the other sidi' of (lie island (l)ehind it) from 
 Oharnisay's, on the shore opposite which vessels an< hor ^ This di'seribes I'ortland Point 
 to perfe.tioii ; it descril)es )>o other site on the harbour. Vessels cannot lie behind any 
 island out of reach of its guns. It stood on higher ground, Penys .said, and not com- 
 manded by neighbouring phuca,' Portland IV.int is mu.h higher than Navy Island and 
 not commanded by it, thougli it is comm:iiiiled by Fort Howe Hill. But thii conditions 
 of to-day are very dili'erent from those of two huudr(>d and more years ago. Then, as wo 
 know irom records lelt by the early settlers, the whole present site of the city, and pre- 
 sumahly that of the late city of Portland, was covered by a dense growth of trees. Prob- 
 ably through these the small forces of any enemy likely to attack the fort would iiud it so 
 dilhcult to (Irau- ( annon and mount them thai the heighi.s of Fort Howe were considered 
 to be practically useless. There is eertainly no hill or height readily accessible from the 
 water which commands llie Portland Point site. The ease was dilferent with Navy 
 Island, upon which r.-mnon could be landed under shelf, r and turned against a fort ou 
 the Oarlelon shore. We mu.->t admit this (liscrepaucy in Deny.s' narrative ; hut in the light 
 of the probabiliiy we have mentioned it appears to us to count for very little agains^i the 
 very acurate location implied by his preceding words, It is the only real discrepancy 
 in his narrative. Moreover, there is no other lorality tibuui the harbour to which the same 
 objection is not in great measure applicable, aiul certainly no other to which the full 
 description so well applies. 
 
 That there was an old French fort at I'ortland Point is well known It stood on 
 what is to-day a grassy knoll, abrupt and commandina-, at IIk^ .^outli eiul an<l east side of 
 Portland sireet, iit the head of IJankine's wharf. Its ruins were found hy the New Vaux- 
 land settlers when they reached the, harbour in 1702, and upon its site, oin> of them, 
 James Simonds, built his house, choosing it because it was already cleared.^ No other 
 site of an ancient fort is kiujwn al»out the harbour, except the two we have mentioned, 
 
 I The stralivi<: vulue ef both the Fort Dntlerin and the Fort Froderick .sites has been pointed out by Afr. ])olo 
 and Mr. Haniiay. in tliis ri.^spt'i't Pertlaiul ruin! i.s a uio.sf fonnidalilo rival to botli tlii> fomu'r I'lacp..^, .niul con- 
 Hidcrinsr tlie sliort range oftlie cannon oftlie time railier lu'tli^r tluui oiilicr oCtliem. 
 
 ' i\lr. M. II. I'erlev, in Ins li-ctnro on tlie " Kaiiy History of New I'.runswick," printed in /■Jluciiiimial R,ricii', 
 Vol. IV, No. !), says: "Tliey [IVabody, Simonds and Wliite] arrived on the ]9tli of .May, 17ii:i and landed at 
 Portland Point, wliere tlioro was a »mall tleariiij; and the trnco.s of an old French fort." .Mr. I'orley a]n„ mentions 
 that skeletons liavobeen foiind Here. Mi},'lit they be tlio.ie (if the defenders of La Tonr's forl.wlioni ('harnisay so 
 
 i- 
 
SITE OK F(»irr L,\ T. )Ui;. 
 
 69 
 
 aii(.l liad Ihorc boeii such, it could hardly liave csrap.'d iiiiticc and lUcniiDn hy th.' early 
 scith'rs. In ilu' lace (if ail tins, docs there seem room for any douhi that l''ort La Tour was 
 the fort that ^^tood on Portland roint .■• 
 
 (- ) There are several maps ol tlie scveiilcenth and early part (jf ilie ei^-hleenth cen- 
 turies wliich mark Fort La Tour on the .ast side of the harbour; tJie earliest I have been 
 able to liud which i)laces it on the west side l)ears dtdc of 1755, and even in the best 
 instance of Die latter a second and corrected edition restores it to the cast side, So 
 marked is this feature that the statement is not loo [)ositivc thai //// l,n()trn maps nuule 
 vttliiii II huinlriil i/iiir^ ai'lrr i/s f/fsfrtir/ian, most of Ihtni inmlr hi/ iiKiji-iiid/.Trs irlio lin/ uaiu/ r/irrc/ 
 cri'/cnce as to its local ion, if tin// tiinr/r For/ Lc Tour iit (tl/./ilace il ii}io>i Ihnasl sideoflhi; Imrhoiir. 
 
 Jt is true that evidence of tliis kind must })e used with caution, for map-makers ofti'U 
 copied directly one from aiiolht>r, and if the lirst were w I'ona- a lonir following series 
 might be also misled. This iiniiortant source of error can be ciiniin.iled. Iiovvcver, if it 
 oan be i)rov«'n that a nuiriber of maps showinL>- a certain feature vvere made independently 
 of one another, and espscially if it can be shown that some of them were made from actual 
 surveys. In the lollowing iioies on the early maps beariug on otir su])ject we have 
 selected only those ■which appear to lie of this nutniv, ne<j-iecting ull <if those whitdi were 
 obviously copied one iVotn another.' 
 
 Myv No. I.— The lirst map we oH.t in evidence is entitled : — 
 
 L' Ciuiiti/ii, full I pur Iv ,S'/-. i/c Cliam/iluin oii soul La Noi/Vflle France, La Nourtlh: A/n^ic- 
 la-re [Ui.], suivaiil Its infinuirr^ dr P. Dii Vul, Geoirrapke dii Roi/, Pirris, 1G77. It is not neces- 
 sary to olFer a tracing of this mai> On the east side of the river at its muuth there is 
 sliovvn a square fort witli no name, but the number It attached. In t lie copy I have 
 examiiu'd, through the kiiul courtesy of Frofe.ssor E. N. Horsford, of Cambridge, the k.7 
 explaining the numbers is missing, but the map has so much in common with later ones 
 which mark this fort, Fort La Tour, that we can Imrdly doubt that sucii is the name 
 attached to this ligure in the key.-' In any event, it is iniportant to noti<e that the onlt/ 
 
 rniclly l<ilkMl.' .Mr. ,1 \V. T.jwiviice (Foolprhil/i, p. 4) Fays: ":\!r. Siiiiond- crpilcd liis cl«,.|liii:„'eii tlic ruins (if:in 
 old I'rc.iicli f(irl, )':T-Ilaii(l Point." And llie map in tin; same work .stiow.s the position of the lioiisi'. 
 
 It is a very intorcstinj; t'iut ll,iit lb(^ sin- (.f tho fort is to-.lay nnem iind)ored l.y l.nildini;-'. Its .-itnaiioii i.s 
 most coniinamlinir, all'onlinu a most I oatitifiil \ iew ol'tlic harlior, tlarloton and lliu river, and ui one stands upon 
 i:, lie cannot help thinking' liow superior it is for lU<\ silo of a lorl to the "did lort" .sili^ in Carleton. 'I'hero is 
 deep water iminodiatoly in front of it, wl oro in <]ld limes vo.-sels used to ho unloaded. It lia.'), moreov<'r, a inf st 
 o.'iceilciit landi.nji j.laie at all ti.li's, wliii.- tin- " ( lid Fort " fiito ha.s not. I'.nt little is known locally alioiit the placo. 
 Mr. lohii .Mi'Allislyr of St. .Tolm hastold ine tlialcannon halls liavo hooi' foiiinl on the '<ite, and lie write.s ine that 
 ten years afro, as a drain was heiiif; dtis: around the haso of tin hill. " the worUnuMi, when aliont live feet from the 
 siirfaoe, drew my attention to a pavenieitt of sfono very neatly and firndy made, ahuiit five t'L-ot hefnv the surface, 
 evidently showing that some ciirefnl work had lonj; njio heen done there ' This point is intorestin).'. Carehd' 
 jiavinu' was likely to have hceii done in connection with La Tonr's powerfid fort, not with Chariu.say's temporary 
 and weaker one. A workman told me that eMaxatioiis showed that the hill is partly artifieiat, as clay had lieen 
 hrounht there t( hnild it up. It is well known that the orij.'inal Sjmonds nonso stood np-.n il, 
 
 ' There is mentioned in Marcel's "Cartocraphie ile la Noiivello ]''rane(^" aniapnf icnr, on which lln're hail 
 heen suhseqnently marked the silo of the scttlement.s, inelndini.' i.a Tonr"g in Acadia. In applyinj; to M. Marcel 
 in I'aris I find that the maji has n<;w jvas.sed out of his po,>.se.,«sion ; il ihinht he of very ureat value in lliks connec- 
 tion, Althoin:h I have made every etlort, willi M. Marcel's assistance, |.. trace it, I have .so far not heen sucee-ssfnl. 
 Tliisniapis reprodiiee.1 in Trof. llor.-lord s snperhly ilhislraled " liefenee.i of Xorumhepu," lifth map faeinn 
 pai^e TO. 1 have found, Hineo the ahove was printed, that the .No. It does not apply to the fort hut to the river. 
 This does not, however, weaken the force of the arennient— the only fort marked is on the east side of the river. 
 
70 
 
 AV. V. (lANONG (.)N Tllf: 
 
 fort at the mouth of the llivor St. .Tohii is on tho east side. This^ map was mado in Paris, 
 whore its autlior presumably had acciss to the most relial)li' uiatei ials. This was iii KiTT — 
 long bel'ore ViUebon or any other i'rench general ha<l rebuilt either of the forts at St. 
 John. There are earlier editions oi' this nui]) in the Freneh Areliives — of l*il!4, and even 
 earlier, l)Ut wo <lo not know whether they show tin; fort.' 
 
 MaI' No. 2. — Onr soeond map is most important. Il is a portion of a rnaunscript 
 sketeh eoutained in Vol. II, ]i. 11, of the " Doi-uments colleetrd in l^'rance," now preserved 
 
 Xo. '-'.— Mussiii'liMsett.s Arc iii\esi, UIHO. 
 
 in ihe Massaehusetls Arrlii\es in the State House at Boston, It is really a map of New 
 I'jiiiland, Imt shows a portion of Aeadia It T)ears date of biSO and shows every ovidouce 
 
 ' As tins piipfT luisscsM tlnnii',;l\ tlie prKs.-f, I luivc i()('(;iv('il Irom M. Henry Niyniui'l ol' I'aii.s (to wlioiii I owo 
 imu'li oilier iimtfriiil of liistorii'al viilue i a l"ttei- in which ho tell.s urn tluit thii two eariior n'litimis of thi.s map— of 
 1(15:; and 1()(>4 — botli liavc it on iIib "i.«( side. Tlie oidy answer I can give to this nncx(vcted fact is that the 
 maker of the IH77 edition saw wood caii.se to chaiijro tlie fort from tlie west tothe east side ; hnt wliat that evidence 
 was wo can only conjactnrp. 
 
8fTK OF PORT LA TO[lH, 
 
 71 
 
 of having been iniulc iiulcpi'iulontly of No. 1. Ua author is unknown, but hf must havo 
 had an actual knowledge of the St. John Uiror, for both Freneusc and .Tonise>i-, the only 
 other places marked on the river, are in thoir proper po.sitions ; just where we know from 
 other evidenee they really were. We can hardly com eive that only thirty-five years after 
 its fall, and wheu its i)Osition could not have been eonibunded with that of any later 
 built fort (Villebon's al'ter ICW being the earlie.st of which we have any record), that a 
 map-maker, whose knowledge of the river enabled him to correctly place the only other 
 places marked on it, could have erred as to the site of I'ort La Tour. 
 
 Mai' No. ."..—The map of 1089, made by Corouelli and Tillemon, publish.-d in I'aris, 
 is the most complete and accurate of its time. Its author apjiears to have had ini'ormatiou 
 not accessi1)le to DuYal, as witness a, num))er of very dilferent i.aines upon tlu^ north 
 shore of New Brunswick, and does not appear to have used map No. 2 above, since he 
 omits Freneuse aiul Jemsog. It is well known that the old map-makers were too anxious 
 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 ,>:' 
 
 Nil. n.— Corouelli, lliSO. 
 
 to fill with names the })laiik spaces on their maps, to leave out any whicli they could ucl 
 backed by good authority. That it locates Fort La Tour on thi> east side must have great 
 weight in this discussion. It is (o be noticed that it antedates the building of Villebon's 
 fort — the first one built on tlie harbour after the deEtruction of Fort La Tour. 
 
 Map No. 4.— I)i the "Fourth Part of the fleneral English Pilot describin<>' 
 America," London, IT'lT, there is a map entitled : 
 
 A Uhdft of Nrw France, Narfoi/iidlani/, Nen- SnilhiHt/ aii'/ /larf of Weir Eiiixlnnil. Bi/ Jer. 
 Seller an'/ Chn. Price, ol' which a sket<'h is herewith given. There is every reason to l)elie\i> 
 that this crude map was in large part made by ('yi)riau 8outhack, an I'lnglish <aptain who 
 coasted much on the shores of Acadia and who made several maps of this re^'ion. lli.s 
 name appears frequently upon this nuip, and its wiiole appearau.e corresponds closely 
 
72 
 
 AV. F. GANONG ON 'VUV. 
 
 to tliiit orotlii'i' maps which hrar his iiuiiu' as maker. I may add that tin- irmariis mado 
 ill tho piH'si'iit paj)!'!' as to the authorshii) a/ul aiithciilicity of varidUs maps urc th(> rcsvilt 
 orcaix'lul studies, made entirely apart iVoiri the present diseufision, in ronneetion with a 
 
 No. -1.— SoutluicU ('), 1707, (ItJUo';. 
 
 sludv of the Cartography of Aeadia, whieh I Impe in tinir to be allowed the Iionour of 
 l)l;h iiiL;' l)efort> this soeiety. 
 
 The"maj"> is very crude, and ln^th iiame>; and topography iin> given with hut little 
 rci'erence to pvi>vious maps, hul it is one undoubtedly made from real surveys. It eer- 
 tainlv belongs much before 1707, llie date of the atlas wliich contains it. Since Southack 
 
SITK o,--' Foirr I;A TOiiR, 
 
 73 
 
 was wilh Church on his rxp-ditioiis east, and as Fort Nashwaak is not shown, this prob- 
 ably repn'siuits iho rc<.-ioii Ix-foro the ,sh«g>. of thi^ latter by the iMifflisli i„ IGdi;, uiid before 
 Villebon's fort was built at the mouth of the river. The rough f^kei, h of St. Johu Uar- 
 Ixnir is wliat ehielly iateresi.s us at present, and there we -an easily recognize Partridivo 
 Island, the Falls, the wooden fori, well known to have stood at the mouth of the Nerepis, 
 and the villagV! at Indiaiitown, here dignilied by the name of St. Johns Towne. Theu 
 we see two forts, of which that on the east side is the larger. This is a point of much 
 importance, since it shows the larger of the ruins of the forts tn l,avc been on the east 
 side. As La Tour's was without doubt a larger fort than Charnisay's,' and as Villebon's 
 fort is shown by his own letters to have been simply the old fort in Carletou repaired, 
 tliis map helps to iU(;reaso the probability that l''ort La Tour stood on the east side. 
 
 M.M'Xo ■)— Anotlier map of high authority, and great a<cura(^.y for it.« time, is 
 Cnrlc (III Canada, <>u i/i- la NoiircKe I'ranre. Far Guillaime <le ihh; Paris, 1701!. i( also 
 places I'ort La Tour on the .'ast side, as do Moll's maps of 1715-1720. A number of other 
 maps could be mentioned which do likewise, but, as they obvioiisly follow oiu^ or the 
 other of these we have mentioned, their testimony is of sligiit value. 
 
 Tkansitiox Map.-?.— "We now come to a series of maps upon \\ hich th<' name Fort La 
 Tour does not appear ai all, though forts arc marked eith.>r upon one or both sides of the 
 harbour, and cidled cither simply "fort," or else "French fort," or even Fort St. .lean. 
 Such are those of Popple of 1733, Bellin of 1744, Mitchell and .Telfery's of IT..-, and mauy 
 others. This is the period in which the real site of the fort has become confused by the 
 fact of others luiviug been built upon its site, and also upon the site of Charnisay's, and 
 the best map-makers had dropped the luvme La Tour altogether But in 17.35 there 
 appeared two maps, made by two ot the greatest of l''rencli cartographers, Bellin and 
 
 § 
 
 
 Cp .-J 
 
 % f^ ^^ ' -J 
 
 Ne. 5. — i'>(4llii), 175'! 
 
 No. 0.— li'.Aiivillf, IT.'iS. 
 
 d'Auville. I'olh of tiiese men are renowned for their accuracy in matters of detail; they 
 eudeavoured to reject all names for which there was not good authority, and to restore all 
 which w.'re authtmtic. Both restore<l " I'ort La Tour," and both for reasons we do not 
 understand, ami which iiuleed do not. greatly conci'rn our present purpose, placed it upon 
 the west sid" of the harbour, at Old Fort Point, in Carlefon,-' as is most clearly shown 
 upon the annexed sketches (Nos. 5 and (I). Verv many later maps follow ihcm exactly, 
 but T find none earlier that give this feature. Now even had we no other evidence upon 
 this point, the testimony of thes(> two map.s, made so long after the destruction of Fort La 
 
 ' An Mr. Ifannny points out, two or tliree reforoticcs to llie Carleton fort gpeak of its sniiill Hi/.c. 
 ' Bellin, in liis dosiTiplinn of his 175") map, say.s, p. 11 : ".Siir la I'ointc occidentalu il y a iin ])(Hi( I'ort noiniiU' 
 I'ort T.a Tour." Tn 1 7:>:i tliPii ho cloarly thoiitrlit Foil L-.i 't'oMr liad .'■■lood uiioii lln- wi'st side. 
 
 Soc. II, 1891. 10. 
 
74 
 
 "\V. F. (iANO.Nii ((N Tlll'l 
 
 Tour, and when its site mig'ht. well hnvo berome fonfusod with tin' otln'r forts built by 
 till' J'Vi'iich iiboul tho harl)Oui- bL'twi-fii liJ'.lO ;in(l !7''0, lonld iu>l bo .((ii.sidiTed iisol' mufli 
 value in foinparisou wit', that ni' liu' earlier and nearly routeniponiry innps made in I'aris, 
 near the Ijest sources ol iuI'Mruialioii, lu'lore. any oIIkm' t'oits were liuiir. lint happily we 
 have otlu'Y satisi'ai'tory evidence. Two years later (in IToT) liellin issued a new edition ol' 
 his map of A<\u]ia, eorrocted in several resperts, and upon (hat, its shown liy the sketeh 
 herewith ijjiven (No. 7), ho plaee!> the fort upon the east side, marks iis posuion by the 
 con^-entional rirele, and then ealls it " Aneien Fort La Tour," and rciulers it absolutely 
 
 >.'o. 7.— Itelliii, 1757. 
 
 certain to what this legt>nd refers by joining the two by a short lint' of dots. The use ol' 
 the word " anc.'ien '" here is niosl siguilieant ; it appears upon no other map I have seen. 
 Is there auy way of avoidinpf the eou' Insion ilmt liellin, after bis IT'io edition, had seen 
 evidenee which satisfied him that the (I'uc ancient I'"ort l,:i Tour had stood not upon t!ie 
 west but upon the east sid'\ a.nd that hi- therefore placed ii in the latter position in his 
 second edition, addinir the word ' nncicn ' to show that he referred to llic r(>nl oW fort 
 which La Tour ])uilt ' ' D'Auvilh- himself published no later edition of his map, so we 
 < annoi know what hi^ later opinion would IkiV"' been liellin's ITo-^ map was extensively 
 copied, while the \'i^)l map wn.s not. This is probal)ly due lo the fact that the fornuT was 
 i.ssued separately as an ordinary map, while the latter api)eared only in a volume of the 
 work " llistoire ecuerale des voyages," (vol. XIV). The te<:timony of the late maps which 
 place Fort La Tour upon the wi'st .-ide ap'pears by tliis to be quite iiullilied, and the state- 
 ment seems therefore justilied that all known cartographical evidence points us to the 
 east side of St. .Tolui IIarb')ur for the site of I'ort La Tour. 
 
 Tho succession of forts in the harbour would seem to be as follows; in (.'arleton, at 
 "Old Fort," Charnisay's. Villelious, Fort I'rederick ; at I'ortland I'oint, Fort La Tour. 
 
 1 know of no evidence, doi-umentary or cartographical, and no line uf argument from 
 induction, or from indirect evidence of any kind which 1 have not mentioned, wliich is 
 opposed to the conclusion to which I have been forced and which is discussed in this paper. 
 
 In conclusion, then, in the light of the fact that the oidy contemporary narrative we 
 have, that of Deiiys, ])roves the fort could not have b-en at Old I'ort Point, but, on the 
 other h.md, gives us strong rea.scn for believing that it was at I'ortland Point, and in the 
 light of the fact that all evidence from maps ]>oints to the east sidi- of the harbour, where 
 only a single foi-t -vite, thai at I'ortland I'oint, is know n, or has ever been recorded or 
 referred to, does it not seem that it is at Poilland Point w(> must find the site of l'\)rt La 
 Tour i 
 
 ' It 'H well known tlint in 1750 tlie I'lenrh luul a fort on tlio Old I'ort site in f'arlnton. This jiorliaps lieljuil fo 
 confiiso I3i»llin and il'AiivilJK, wlm would have (jujjpo.sed that it stooil on tlie old l.a Tour site. 
 
SITK OF FORT LA Tol R 
 
 78 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 l-'rnin "l)osn-ii,l,ion-,-,...ra|.l,i.iiiefai,i,ston.|.UMle.s <;ostoH ,i„ l'Aiu,'.n.|M,. S..ptontri..nalo " ^^ar Ni.-ola.« I'cn>-. 
 
 I'iiii.M Ji;7j. I 
 
 r;iJutr,c (1,> la riviere saint .Tcmu, ,.«t de -lau-.'n-ux al,ura, r.nig.-anl la l.rre dcs .K-ux 
 o6to/ ; 1,, meinour eridroit est dn .ute de Sinl.ord ..u main drc.ite, sans (rop approeher la 
 torre : cette entree est etroile, a eauH > d'uue p,,tiie I^],. (|ui ..^ ;, Dasbord, on eo.sti; gauche, 
 iaquell,' pas.se,., la riviere (-s( hien plus large: du laesuie c-oie de l'Isl(>, il y a de grands 
 nunais on prairies (jui sout eouvertos de plaine mer, le rivago est .sable vixseux, (pu lait 
 miepointe, laqiiellepassee, il y a une auee (lui entre <lans b-sdits marais, dont IVntree 
 est etroJte, on feu Monsieur de la Tour avoit lait laire une ecluso, on Ton i.e.schoit un 
 grand noriihr." de ees Gasparots que Ion faisoit sailer pour rjlyver, il s'y en pesejioit 
 quelques-luis une .si graude quanlite que l'.,n otoil oblige ,le ronipre l'oeIu.se, & de Ie.s 
 jetler a la rner, auivnient lis auroient ..mi)uauly lerlusr. ,|ui en auroit, este p<-rdue. ,n» y 
 trnn\oit aussi (,ixel.|ues-lois d,'^ Saulnums. des Ak.ze.s, .V du Bar, qui e,s| le mai-r.. de la 
 Kochelle, qui servoil tons les Print.euips d'uno grande mane pour ceux du i)ays. 
 
 In pen plus avant. an dela d.s ladite e.luse, il y a une petite butte, on d'Aunay lit 
 biitir son Fort (^u,, j,, y,\^y pa,s trouve bieu phiee a rnon avis, pour estre eommando d'uue 
 Isle (|ni esi tout pro.h,. phis el.'v.-e, & derri.'re laquelb- tou.s Navires se pouvnl mettre a 
 eouvert du luit, dans Lnjuel il n'y a ([ue de I'eau de puits. (jui ii'est pas bieu boun,. nou 
 pins que erlle qui e.sl hors du borr : II auroit este a mon avis uiieux place dornere I'Isle 
 ou moniUent les Vaiss..anx, .V on li aun.il este plu.s eleve, & par eonsequent point eom- 
 inande d'autre.s eudroit.s voi.sins, .S: auroit eu <le bonne eau, eonnm- .tans eelny que fit bastir 
 ledit ieu s'ienr de la Tour, leqiiel fut niine par d'Aunay apres sen estre lendu le uiaistre 
 as.sez injustement, n'y ayant aueun droit, ce qu'il auroit i'U bion de la peine a executer s'il 
 n'eusteste a<lverty de rab.seuee dudit sieur <ie la Tour, qui avoir nuuie aw luy une partie 
 de son uionde, <.\: n'avoit Inisse que sa I'enruie avee le reste de.s siens a la garde du Fort ; 
 laquelle apre.s avoir .souteuu pendant trois jonrs & trois iiuits toute.s Ie.s atlaquesdo 
 d'Aunay, iic I'avoir oblige (b- s'eloigner de la portee de .se.s canons, fust .'Utin obligee de 
 ceder le quatrieme jour (jui etoit le jour d<. l\isqm.s, ayant este trahie par un Suisse qm 
 I'loil en o-anle ee jour-la, p.'iidaus quelle fabsoit reposer ses gen,«, esperant quelques relA- 
 (iics. Le Suisse s.' lai.ssa corrompre par les geiis de d'Aunay. v*^; soulbrit qn'ils moniassent 
 a r.assaut, qui fut encore .soutenu quelque temps ])iir la Comniandante h la teste de son 
 moude, quj ne se rendil (jua rextremile, vSc; ,-;ous condition (jue ledit d'Aunay douneroit 
 qnartier a tous, ee qu'il u'execnta pas, car s'6tanl rendu nuiiMre de la place, il les fit mettre 
 tons en prison aveo la Comrnandante, ensuito de lavis de son conseil. les lit [>eudre, a la 
 reserve d'uu seul qui eut la vie sauve a la charge quil on feroit Fcx-ctitien, & la Com- 
 nii^ndante les assista a 'a potence la corde au <'oi eoinuie auroit esle le plus grand scderat : 
 \oila le tiltre dont le Pmrgiui s'est .servy [.our pretendre comme (Vmncu'r dudit sieur 
 d'Aunay la proi)riete de la riviere saint .lean