IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I m m IIIIIM IIIM IM 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 < 6" — ► v: i9 /} /a m. , ami he eside: Is, inetv-fivc red years lents mac To cacli I the WO] lucli i)lca IIDGKWA Februa ^||g||ML^||||^,^^|^^ ■^0m\9' ■■■^ ■H r^T^ TO THK IXilAniTANTS OF TIL: COUNTV OF LUNENBUIIG. have for some time past, given to tlic preparation »f the following" history of my naLivc county, the leisure eft me by my professional and public duties. I am indebted for information to the works of Ilali- 'Urton, I)awson, ^lurdoeh, Aikins, and others ; and to iiportant public and private dociunents. I have ex- rain cd all the places of special historic interest referred r>, and heard from the Wv^ of manv of tJie most aiied esidc: 's, foia- of whom have attained respectively to inety-fivc, ninety-six, ninety-eight, and over one hun- red years, tboir personal recollections, and the state- lents m:idc to tlicm by their ancestors. To each one who shall peruse the work, I beg to sny, I the words of an ancient author, "I wish thee as luch jdcasurc in the reading, as I had in the writing." I am, Your Friend and Representative, Mathi;k ]>. Dj;sI5i!ISAv. %9)G K WAT V. H , L aIIa VK, 'February, IS 70. I^. . " •'-—•'ii-'*'^- '... ^.i-*-.'-.-'A- £f:'-xi^^S^4&^^p@V^i^^^^iIISl^ !i!5S / I ■ Z3 I'i'H TABLE OF CONTENTS. f ^■ fame and situation of C'ounty. ^^ant8 relating to Township of Lunenburg. Ittlement of Lunenburg — French aud English. istoms and habits of early settlers aud style of houses, rownship of New Dublin. French and English settlement. Jttlements in Township. rownship of Chester — Grant of and Settlements in. H«graphical Notices. Japtisms, Weddings, and Funerals. ^he Aborigines, inery of County, riculture.. ririieries. education, [temperance. Fatural History. jtlation in different years. hher S< atistics. ta^rts and linports. lipping and Light Houses. M'tellanea. jlcient Documents. ible of Distances. ^ n ■^ Bi' .J) ^ M muk hr.rg, LUNEl in] >'v(tierB ci large forti also give United k Eichnion the Stat • ' Tiiineb [ijircd toi late Kcv Philadel] f' Lunc south sh the nort the sou west by Trom ea and coi On into ii^ its boi brook ^' •■fOi^. B l M ^ Bl^l If T LUNENBURG. Lu\p:n«uug was iiaiiied from the Diicliy of Liincii- /)r,ij^, in Lower Saxony, wliencc many of the original !^»(ders came; the capital of which was Lunenburg, a large fortified Unvn on the river Ilmenau. Tiic name was also given to a town in Prussia, another in Virginia, United States of America, fifty miles south-west of Kichmond ; a county in the same State ; and a town in the State of jS^ew York. The word in German, is " LUneburg.'' It is so spelled in an office book, pre- pared for the Lutheran Church in this county, by the late Kev. Ferdinand Conrad Temme, and published at Philadelphia, A. D. 181G. SITUATION OF THE COUNTY. Lunenburg is one of the counties situated on the south shore of Nova Scotia, and is bounded inland on the north-east by the coimties of Hants and Halifax ; on the south-west by Queen's county ; and on the north- west by Annapolis and King's counties. It is forty miles Irom east to west, and about thirty-five miles in width, and contains an area of 1,182,810 acres. On the 17th August, 1759, the Province was divided into five counties, of which Lunenburg was one, and its boundaries were thus defined : ' ' Beginning at a brook at the bottom of Mahone Bay, and on the easterly ,.) If ff :.*/ H >- il2^f' ; It .:M / 8 HISTOliY OF THE licad thereof; and tliencc to run nortlicrly till it meets / the lake called Lonjr lake ; and to be bounded easterly ^ by tlie said lake, and nortli-wcsterly by the county of/ Annapolis and Kin^r'n county; south-westerly by the river Rosignol and Port Senior ; and south easterly by the sea shore to the first limits, comprising all the in- lands southward of the same." Three townships wei-e afterwards established in the county ; Lunenburg, Shore- ham, now called Chester, and New Dublin. In 1823 a new survey was made, and a large portion of the county, embracing more than 50,000 acres, was added to Queen's county. The boundaries of the county were in 1826, defined as follows: " conuncncing at a large rock in the harbour of Port Metway, (alias Medway,) marked with the initials L and N D, being the ancient bound Pid land- mark between the county of Lunenburg and O.ueenjs county^ from thence running north 2G degrees west 24 miles and 64 rods to Pleasant river ; thence following the courses of said river to the entrance of Shuigle Lake to the eastern bounds of land granted to Zenas Water- man ; thence northerlv alonij the eastern bound, of said Waterman's land, and the line of land granted to John Paysant, Zenas Waterman, Junior, and John Ringer, 777 rods ; thence north 26 degrees west 7 miles to a spruce tree marked N. W. angle ; thence north 60 degrees east 37 miles to a post and pile of stones placec on the western side line of the Township of Horton ; thence Southerly along that line to the end thereof, thence easterly along the line of Horton township, until It comes to the rear bound of the township o Falmouth, to a blazed tree marked on four sides ; thenct i COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 9 i in a right line to a square post surrounded by a pile of stones, standing on the public road leading from Chester to Windsor; and marked on the northern side "Hants county," on the south " Lunenbm-g county," and on the south-cast "Halifax county ;" thence to run south 27 degrees east 12^ miles to the sea shore of St. Margaret's Bay, at the western side of the entrance into the cove, called Harness Cove, to a square post sur- rounded by a pile of stones and marked on the eastern side " County of Halifax," on the western side "County of Lunenburg ; " thence southerly and westerly by 'he several courses of the sea shore to the eastern side of the entrance of Port Metway ; thence northerly up said harbor to the rock and place of beginning, comprehend- injr all the islands in front of said limits." TOWNSHIP OF LUNENBURG. The township of Lunenburg is stated by Haliljurton, to be, next to Halifax, "the oldest Settlement formed by the English Government in Nova Scotia." On the 20th Mf;y 1758, it was decreed by the Governor and Council, that luitil the Province was divided into counties, 16 Members of Assembly should be elected for the Province at large, four of whom should represent the township of Halifax, and two the township of Lunenburg ; and it was resolved that the latter should " comprehend all the lands lying between Lallave River, and the easternmost head of Mahone Bay, with all the islands within said bay, and all the islands within Mirliguesh Bay, and those islands lying to the southward of the above limits." It is recorded that a grant of the township was 10 HISTORY OF THE agreed to 18th August 1761. On the 30th of June 1784, 24 Geo. III., a grant was passed, whicli comraeneed with the following recital : " Whereas the settlement of the township of liunenburg, commenced in the year 1753, and was carried on progressively, by laying out and locating plantations to the inhabitants, as they advanced in cultivation and improvement, until the loca- tion of the whole was completed, in the year 17C5 ; at which time a grant of the said township, for and on behalf of the said inhabitants, passed the great seal of this Province ; which grant, from various causes, was not accepted nor taken out of the ohtce of the Secretary of this Province." Mention was also made of the prayer of the persons afterwards named in the grant, that the lands previously laid out might be confirmed to them, and the same were thereupon granted unto John Creighton, L. Christopher Rudolf, D. Christophor Jessen, Joseph Pernette, J. Christopher Rudolf, Casper Wollenhaupt, John Bollman, John Donig, Philip Herman, Senr., John Becker, John Dauphinee, Senr., Andrew Yung, Just Schuj), Henry Ernst, Adam Hebb, Cornwallis Morrow (meaning jlMor''f5iii.^ Jonathan Benny, Frederick Fink, Frederick 'Ihidand, Heirs of Martin Kaulbach, (father of first Sheriff Kaulbach), James Yeinot, John Berringer, George F. Bailly, John Henry Fehder, Henry Oxner, Casper Heckman, Henry Kocli, George Eisenhaur, Peter Zwicker, Adam Waml)olt, Jacob Speidel, Miciiael Morash, Mathias Ernst, and others, over 200 in all. The lands were described as follows: "situate, lying, and being in the county of Lunenburg, and com- prehended within the limits hereinafter described, to 1 -*^ 1 COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 11 wit : beginning on the western side of the river La Have, at the first Falls, and at the upper bound of land granted Joseph Pernette Esquire ; thence to run north 33 deg. 45 min. west by the magnet, 120 chains (of 4 rods each) ; thence south 56 deg. west 480 chains ; thence north 24 deg. west 800 chains ; thence north 56 deo-. east 1440 chains, or until a line produced south 33 deo". 45 min. east will come to the centre of the first falls on Salmon River, being the old bounds between Lunenburg and Cliester ; thence to be bounded by said line, and by said river, down stream, and by the sea shore of Mahone Bay, running westward and southward round to LaHave River aforesaid, and the several courses of the said river, up stream, to the bounds first mentioned, containing in the whole district, by estima- ,.Jtion, 180,000 acres, more or less." A reservation was made of miines of gold and silver, lead, copper, and coals ; and the land was subjected to a yearly quit rent of one farthing per acre. The grantees were bound by the terms of the grant, "to clear and work within three years from its date, three acres for every fifty granted, in whatever part of the land they might deem most advantaii;eous ; or clear and drain three acres of swampy or sunken ground ; or drain three acres of marsli, if any Such should be within the bounds of the grant ; or put and keep on the said lands within three years from the same date, three neat cattle, to be con- tinued thereon until three aCres for every fifty be fully cleared and improved ; but if no part of said tract be fit for present cultivation, without manuring or improving the same, then the said grantees, their heirs and assigns, . shall within three vears from date erect on some iiart I i v^ 12 HISTORY OF THE of their said lands, one dwelling house, to contain twenty- feet ii\ length, by sixteen in breadth, and to put on said land, tiirec neat cattle for every fifty acres, or if said grantees shall within three years after the passing of this grant begin to employ thereon, and so to continue to work for three years then next ensuing, in digging any stone quarry, or other mine, one good and able hand for every one hundred acres of such tract, it shall be accounted a sufficient seating and improvement ; and every three acres which shall be cleared and worked as aforesaid, and every three acres which shall be cleared and drained as aforesaid, shall he accounted a sufficient planting, cultivs tion, and improvement, to save forever from forfeiture, fifty acres of land in any part of the said tract hereby granted." Proof of thcfe improve- ments was to be allowed in any Court of the county, district, or precinct. The grant was signed by "Johr Parr," Governor and Commander-in-Chief; counter- signed by Richard Bulkeley, Secretary ; registered bj A. Gould, Registrar ; and entered by W. A. Shipton Deputy Auditor. .1 Ir« 17 00 an Act was passed by the Legislature reciting, that the Governor had granted and set apart a tract of land lying in the peninsula of Lunenburg to serve as a common for the inhabitants of said town and requiring the Grand Jury at the Sessions in March (and annually in the same month) "to make regula tions for the common " to be approved of by the Justicef On the 17th April, 1701, a grant was signed b Governor Lawrence, giving to the inhabitants ( Lunenburg, 2000 acres near the town, for a commoi and registered on the 13th of August in the same yet . COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 13 A grant was also made 7th February, 1785, of land to be held as common. In 1818 an Act was passed, empowering the inhabi- tants, at their annual town meetings, to vote monies for running, ascertaining, and renewing the marks of the original boundary lines of the common as often as should be found requisite. Tlie General Sessions of the Peace were, by the same act, authorised to make regu- lations for gathering sea manure, on the shores of the common or public lands. An act was passed in 1826, enabling the trustees of the common to make leases of parts of it for ten years ; and in 1828 the term was extended to ninety-nine years. By enactment in 1862, power was given to the trustees to sell certain portions of the common, and to execute conveyances in fee simple. The first record of that ]~art of the county which is n t dated Halifax, IGtli October, 1752, writes: "The peo- j)le ill general who were sent over this year by Mr. Dick, ccmplain of his having persuaded them at their embarking to sell everytiiing, even the little bedding they had ; by which means they have lain on the bare decks and platforms during their voyage, and arc still destitute of all kind of bedding. This has caused the death of many both on the jiassage and here ashore since they were landed." * * * "It looks as if it was done to give room for crowding in a greater number of people into the ships that brought them." The landing, and cutting a road from the shore to the hill overlooking the harbour, may be taken as the start- ing point in the British settlement of the county, called, as was the town whose foundations were then laid, "Lunenburg." An immortal Poet has written "what's [n a name ! " but this name of "Lunenburg," would, if such were wanting, act as a constant reminder of the country to which these adventurers had said good-bye. This part of the coast was selected for them on account of the safety and beauty of the harbor, (which affords excellent anchorage , and is sheltered by several head- lands, and by Cross Island, lying near its entrance, about 30 feet high, and containing 400 acres,) the ap- parent fertility of the soil, and its nearness to Halifax. Owing to a brook which there emptied into the sea, and to their desire to perpetuate the name of the Captain under whose safe conduct they had come thither, they called the spot where they stepped from the boat, " Rous's Brook." There was close by a cleared piece of ground, which on being turned up was found to be f 18 HISTORY OF THE very rich from the decomposition of clam .shells, im- Tl mense quantities of which had been left there, either by Jane the French or Indians. Another place of the same kind follovi was discovered near the head of the harbor, and in its biishc immediate neighborhood an old burial ground. Andrl Mrs. Beechner, who came from Germany some time I*^ afterwards, and who died in Lunenburg at the age of and 11 ninety-six years, described the manner in which some of wouhl these early settlers left home, .'is witnessed by herself. I to a j^ They assembled together at Klein Heibach, whither they Thos were accompanied by friends and relatives. On the Creigl morning of their embarkation, the church bell summon- Stein ed them to special religious services, and great lamenta- mand tion was manifested at their departure. j lot, a Though it must always be a cause of sorrow to part were from kindred and friends, and encounter the trials and privations incident to beginning a new life in an unset- tled country, and though we may well believe that the brave and undaunted Germans and Swiss had this feeling in all its intensity, on leaving their dear fatherland, yet, in the prospect of happy homes for themselves and their children, and the enjoyment of those peculiar privileges which belong to British subjects in the Colonies of the Empire, they bade adieu to the loving associations which had clustered round them from infancy, and with fare- wells on their lips, and sadness in their hearts, embark- ed to cross the intervening ocean. We can imagine them, having been led over it in safety by the guiding hand of protecting Providence, touching what was to them a foreign shore, and looking back on the bark they had just left, as one of the last outward and visible links in the chain between the old world and the new. and aj man able I ing tl have part, r lots I ing ci)n\ pass abo^ hav' be < the De T COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 19 cither by same kind and in its some time tlie age of 'h some of y herself, f ither they On the summon- lamenta- ^ to part rials and m unset- that the 8 feelinjr nd, yet, tid their 'ivileges of the s wJiieh h fare- mbark- tiiagmc guiding ivas to k they 3 links The first birth in the youthful community, was that of Jane Margaret Bailly, which occurred during the night following the landing, in a rude camp built among the bushes, in the rear of what is now the residence of Mr. Andrew Myra. Preparations were made to secure shelter, and huts and log houses were erected, as fast as circumstances would admit. The town plot was laid out, according to a plan approved of at Halifax by Governor Peregrine Thos. Hopson, in six divisions, namely : Zouberbuhlcr's, Creighton's, Morreau's, Rudolfs, Straesburgher's, and Steinford's divisions, named after the officers in com- mand. Each settler was allowed a town lot, a garden lot, a 300 acre lot, and a 30 acre lot. Over 500 lots were drawn, and registered in a list marked "examined and approved," and signed by Patk. Sutherland. Each man was required to enclose his town lot, and erect suit- able buildings without delay. The cards used for draw- ing the lots, were common playing cards, some of which lia,ve been recently produced in Court, as evidence, in part, of title. Doubts having arisen, as to whether the registry of lots of land imported a conveyance in fee simple, (hav- ing been granted merely as lots, without any formal conveyance under the seal of the Province,) an Act was passed in 1760, 34 Geo. II. cap. 81, reciting the doubts above named, and declaring, that all and every person having a right to claim by virtue of such registry, shall be entitled to a full and absolute estate in fee simple, in the lands so registered." The first Deed executed at Lunenburg, was dated December 3, 1753, and was made by Henrich Kolbach 20 HISTORY OF THE to AVcndcl Wust. Tlic consldcmtion money was one pound, and Wust became entitled to the ]eted the outer clothing. The hair was frequently plaited, and fastened behind with ribbon, a custom remembered by persons yet living. The women wore petticoats of linen made from native flax ; with gowns of calico, or red baize. The head dress was a calico cap or handkerchief; l)onnets being unknown. Shoes or clogs, made of Avood, and some- times })artly of leather, and ornamented with ^-ickles covered the feet, and were similar to those Avorn by peasants in the North of England, or the sabots of the French. When the shoes or clogs brought from Ger- many Avere no longer serviceable, they Avere re[)laced Avith ncAV ones made by M. Jeani)erin, and others. Those used for festive occasions, are described as having been veiy neat in appearance. A late Avriter in a British Magazine, states that Avooden shoes are used in Germany, " in the plains and near the sea coast." He adds that birch is generally used, as it is " the toughest, most elastic, and least liable to split. Farmers in remote districts often employ themselves and thrir men during long Avinter evenings, 28 HISTORY OF THE In sawing, Coring, and scooping ont wooden slioes for tlicir household!!* ; in the same way as tliey dioj) up their fire wood, make their hidders, and tlic wheels and axles of their waggons. The manufacture of proj)er wooden shoes is quite a separate trade. Makers of them ahound in the villages of Lower Saxony. We recognize their small dwellings at once, by the piled up l)locks of birch wood, and the heaps of shavings outside of them. The scooping out, the most important part of the work, re- quires tools of peculiar foi-m, which have been used in the remote villaixes on the moors and heaths of Ger- many, since the earliest ages. One shoemaker can make four or five pairs of wooden shoes in a day ; about the number which a peasant requires in the course of a year." "Loose cotton" was purchased, and carded and spun at home, Jis "spun cotton" could not then be otherwise obtained. It was customary for the women to divide their work, more than is done at present. In a small settlement, or amongst a lot of neighbours, some women woidd do the spinning, some the weaving, and others the knitting. Firewood was then carried home by hand. (Jrain was frequently threshed, and rocks drawn from the land, by night, after the day had been spent in hard work. The first style of vehicle used for conveying w^ood, and other articles, was made of native beech or birch, the wheels being sections of the trunks of trees, witli holes bored to receive the wooden axles. As for travel- ling conveyances, none Avere seen until about fifty years ago, when the late Rev. Thomas Shreve drove the first gig ; the first four-wheeled carriage having been im- COUNTY OF LUNEXBURG. 29 ported by the late Dr. Bolman. Previous to tliis, the ladies were more acciistomed to horseback exercise, than tiiose of tlie present day. Tiiey frequently rode on a pillion many miles, behind their husbands. Those of the people who depended on w.ater travel for their visits to LunenburjT, and were unable to affoi'd the whole expense of a boat, joined with their neiglibors, in their efforts to build one for their conunon use. To remedy the want felt by some of those who were not thus pro- vided for, a ferry was established between " South" and Lunenburg, by one Kolp. The distance was about three miles, and the fare charged, four pennies for going and returning. It is related of Kolp, that on one occa- sion he had to regret the loss of his red cap, which was sent into the harljor, bv the wind of a cannon ball, whicli passed unpleasantly close to his head. j\Iany of the original settlers had a superstitious be- lief in omens, charms, and witchcraft. It is not to be wondered at, however, when it is remembered that the same notions prevailed in Germany. Ilauber says, that 157 persons were biunt at AVurtzburg, as witches, in two years, some of whom were Vicars of Cathedrals, and others sons of senators and noblemen ; and as late as 1749, only four years previous to the settlement of Lunenburg, jVIaria lienata was executed at the same place for the like offence. The Germans were not the only persons among whom these superstitions were cherished. Some of the English military settlers also brought with them ideas of this description. One, at least, still survives, whose log hut contains sufficient crosses of witch hazel, as well as horse shoes, to drive away as many witches as ever existed. ao HISTORY OF THE As the districts outside of the town became more thickly settled, foot paths, with stiles at the different fences, led from one liov se to another (as is now the case at Blandford and elsewhere,) and in truly primitive style, all lived happily t( gether. They were poor, honest, true-hearted, God-fearing, self-reliant, indus- trious people, and worthily represented the nations from which they emigrated. The simple habits, and lan- guage of their forefathers, were long retained, and when the Rev. C. E. Cossmann came to the county in 1835, he could distinguish, by the different dialects, the places in Germany to which many of their ancestors belonged. We cannot understand the hardships and privations to which these early adventurers were sub- jected ; nor can we sufficiently estimate their indomitable energy of character. They had to contend day by day with obstacles, which, under less adverse circumstances, might have been deemed almost insurmountable, and were obliged to go forth, carrying in one hand the axe to fell the forest, and in the other, a suitable weapon of defence. In 1756, Capt. Steignford, with fifty armed men, went from Lunenburg to the Basin of Minas, and drove away one hundred and twenty head of horned cattle, and a number of horses, being part of the confiscated property of the French Acadians. The party returned to Lunenburg September 3rd., with sixty oxen and cows ; the rest having perished on the way, all the horses included. This was truly a hazardc > journey made through an enemy's country, an enei.. who, though uncivilised, was not wholly ignorant of some of those resources by which successful Generals have been COUlS'TY OF LUNENBURG. 31 1(1 le largely aided, on modern fields of warfare. Tlie cattle broiiglit to Lunenburg ' ' were drawn for in tlie jail yard, in the preiscncc of the commanding ofKcer, and other gentlemen useful thereto." One of the curiosities of early times is a trunk made of heavy birch plnnk, 4 feet inches long, 2 feet in height, 1 foot i) inches in width, with a till 9 inches wide, and one foot in depth, and having iron hinges of great strength, and a massive German lock. It is said to have been the first shop in Lunenburg ; and was kept by Mrs. Born, wife of ISIartin Born, in a log house built by him, nearly opjiosite the site of the Presbyterian Church. This trunk was a depositary for calicoes, ribbons, needles, and other goods, supplied by Mrs. Bom's sisters, residing at Halifax. The German lassies of those days, went, wc may believe, with as much pleasure to purchase from JNIrs. Born, as our modern belles now take in their visus to the more attractive establishments of the present day ; and we can imagine with what satisfaction that good old lady put aside what she daily received, as an addition to her accumulating treasure in that " deep till." In a letter from Governor Lawrence, to the Lords of Trade, dated Halifax, S(ipt. 20, 1759, referring to the incursions of "the Indians and scattered neutrals," he writes : ' ' Your Lordships will perceive from such strokes as these," (taking of vessels) " how enterprizing these people must be, and how difficult the poor settlers at Lunenburg must find it to keep their ground and maintain themselves on their farm lots, scattered as they are in a circle of little les? than forty miles." Peace was made with the Indians at Halifax in ;]2 IIISTOllY OF THE Miircli, 17()0 — Paul Laurent, chief of Lallevc, being one of tlie contractineonar(l NSchwartz and others of the prol)a})lc arrival of an cneniy, and said, •' The Yaidvees are coming to-morrow." Mr. Schwartz lived on what is called jNIyra's Island, a little over a mile from tlic town, an : \ i^ I I Luiienl)ur«,% and Queen's county, when the same shall be paid into the Treasury." A gentleman who met in Boston Captain Stoddart, formerly of the " Scammell," the leader of the privateer fleet already mentioned, stated on his return to Halifax, that he had enquired particularly about the family of Colonel Crei<>hton, and said that he had "a ijreat rej^ard for the old gentleman." Capt. Stoddart, in the same ;^'oar that he attacked Lunenburg, assisted in trking off the crew of H. M. S. "Blonde," lost on the rocks off Seal Island, south-west coast of Nova Scotia. After the departure of the invading force above named, the privateers continued to visit the coast, and annoy the inhabitants ; and Capt. Bethell arrived at Lunenburg in the same year, with a detachment of troops, who took up their quarters in the wind njill Battery. Several armed vessels were alsO sent by Governor Ilamond, for which he ret- Ived the thanks of the Council, Assembly, aiid principal inhabitants of Limenburg. Peace having been made between England and America, the inhabitants of Lunenburg were relieved of their anxiety ; — a marked advancement was made in material prosperity; and in 1791, there were in tLo township of Lunenburg "388 families, numbering 2213 persons," many having removed to other districts. MURDER OF THE BOUTILIERS. In the winter of 1791 one of those terrible tragedies, whicli, coming suddenly, startle conmiunities with their terror, occurred at Lunenburg. George F. Emeno aged 70 years, who had brought up a family respectu- « I ># COtrVTY OF LUNENBURG. 39 blj, and scciii-cd for liimsolf and his i)artncr a compe- tency for their decliiiin<,^ years, lived on tlic first penin- snLa not far from tlie town. Two men, Jolm Frederick, and George Frederick Boutilicr, one of them beinjj^ god- son to Mr. Kmeno, went on a visit to him, secretly in- tending to roh liim of his money. Like many otheris, who, checiced by conscience, cannot bring themselves at once to tlie actual commission of crime, they left him, and subsequently returned to his house, Avhere they had alwavs been most kindlv treated, and were invited to remain for the niiiht. Mr. Emeno went to the barn for some straw witli whicli to make them a l)C'd, and when near the house on liis return, was brutally murdered by the elder Piounlier with a hatchet or axe. The two Boutillers then re-entered the house, and killed Mrs. Kmeno in the same manner. The only other inmate was a grand-daugliter of jNIr. Emeno, who, trying to esca|K,', was halfway through the window, when she was dragged l)ack, and also murdered. The Boutiliors car- ried the old man'»s bc^dy into the house, to which they set fire, in order to burn up, as they vainly hopetl, all tra- ces of their guilty deed. They then reversed their snow-shoes to make detection in)possible, but " murder will out," and blood being fouml on the premises aroused suspicion. The Boutiliers were pursued, and captured in a hut near Bedford Basin. They were tried at Lunenburg, and convicted of wilful nmrder, and, just outside the town, sutlered the extreme li j)eimlty iw, A few hours l)efore the murder, Afr. Emeno and his son Frederick who lived a short distance from him, were ■working together, and divided between them a j)iece of 40 HISTORY OF THE I i red chalk. The elder Boiitilier, after tJie murder, transferred to his pocket all that was about the person of Mr. Emeno, the piece of chalk included, which, when found, fitted exactly with the piece in possession of young Enieno, and this formed the strongest link in the chain of circumsiantial evidence, on Avhich the prisoners were found guilty. Before execution the younger Boutilier made a full confession of the crime to Kev. Mr. Money. They were l)iu-ietl on the farm where they had formerly lived, at North West. INCIDENT AT CREESER'S COVE. Between sixty and seventy years ago, two French- men and an Englishman went to the house of Georffc Creeser, Lower LaHave. They had left Halifax in a ship's long boat, intending to escape to the United States, and wore wrecked near LaHave, at which place they became a cause of annoyance to the inhabitants. In endeavoring to get from the beach to Mr. Creeser's shallop, of wliich they meant to take possession, the boat upset, an(' one of the Frenchmen was drowned. He was buried at the five houses. The others remained at Mr. C^;eeser's for a day or two, were taken to Lunen- burg, and thence to Halifax. The surviving French- man jdaced his hand on his side, and made signs to Mr. Creeser to take out something, and he removed a double barrelled pistol, which is now in possession of Jamee Creeser, Creesei';? Cove. The body of tlie deceased Frenchman was, it is said, disinterred by persons from another district, in hopes of finding money, which it was believed had been buried with him, as the survivor had a belt filled with gold pieces. If those avIio searched COUNTY OF LUNENBURO. 41 111 a nited place ants, scr's the ncd. lined mcn- iich- Mr. uble amcB easicd from eh it Ivivor I'chcd or wove suocossful, tliey are not to be envied the use of Avhat ihcv obtained bv thus rol)bin2; the dead. ]\Iri^. Creeser, wlio is still living', saw these runa- wavs, and savs that one of them wore epaulettes, and tliat they Avere aljove the position of ordinary seamen. ERECTION OF NEW BLOCKHOUSES. War haviiiu' been aijain declared in 1812, former fears were renewed, and those mudi dreaded enemies, the privateers, were again on the coast, ready for t)"^ir destructiA(! work. A long continuance of peace nad been looked foi", and the forts and blockhouses had fallen to decay. F(mr new biockhouses were now erected — one on the hill near the town, the site of the old fort, mounting two nine, and four t\velve pounders, two small guns, and two brass field pieces ; another on the site of old fort Boscawen, Battery point, l)uilt of stone and wood, and mounting four twelve pounders ; — a third at Lower Laliave ; and a fourth at Kini>sbur is m III , i signals for the people to assemble. A shot from a twelve poiimler, tearing up the water, hit the enemy under the bow, when she turned about, and made for Ironbound island. A shot fired from another privateer anchored off the same shoal, entered the dwelling of Mr. lihynard at the *' five houses ;" and cannon balls, and chain and grape shot have been dwf out in the neio'hborliood, and at other places on the sea coast, within the county. SEARCH FOR MONEY AT HECKMAN'S ISLAND. About forty years ago, a party of plcasui'e went from Lunenburg to Ileckman's Island, where they Averc told by ]Mrs. Ileckman that a strange vessel had ancliored off the island, a few davs before : that the crew had landed at " Ilobson's nose;" and that she could sec them at work witii crowbars, as if searching for a place in which treasure had been previously deposited. After examining several spots, they left a crowbar standing in the ground, near a broken tree, and walked round the point out of sight. Shortly afterwards they returned on board, and in the course of the day landed at Heck- man's Island, made various enquiries of Mrs. Ileckman about the different parts of it, and went again on board. In the night they revisited " Hobson's nose," and com- menced to dig at the place where they had left the crow- bar ; then went round to the point with lanterns, and were ajjain hid from view. They left the Bav about davliijht the next morninin:. Tlie inlanders then exami- ned the place, and saw blocks and ropes left in the trees, and underneath a hole which has been described bv5 others as sixteen inches in depth, lined with paving I COLXTY OF lUNEXBUUO. 45 Vom i\ enemy [idc for off the (I at the l1 grape and at LAND. ent from ,'crc told anchored n-cw had could see ,r a place I. After [Uidlng in )und the turned on at Hcck- Ileckmaii on board, and coni- \]\c crow- rns, and ;iv about n exami- the trees, L-ibcd by th pav niL fctoncs from the beach. 'J'hore were indlsputal)lc marks of the removal of a box or cask. On the point before referred to, wns found a second hole, from avIiIcIj a pot or vessel of triome kind had been taken. Mrs. Ileckman was a person of undoubted veracity, and tlic visit of the strangers is corroborated by an old inhabitnnt, who told tiic writer that he, with his father and brothers, were on b(,ard their vessel off Long Island, when the ^schooner referred to passed close alongside, and they saw the crew land at Ilobson's nose, and walk up the beach, as described by Mrs. Ileckman ; that they visited the island after the strangers left, and saw the holes above Imentioned. If the early treasure seekers at Oak Island [had made "• Ilobson's nose" their centre of operations, they might perhaps have there discovered what they searched for in vain at the former place. EELIGION. CHURCH OF ENGLAXD. t" 111 A[)ril, 1749, the Society for the Propagation of he Gosijcl, was informed bv the Lords of Trade and iPlantations, that in each of several townships to be iPornied in Xova Scotia, a particular spot would be set ^part for building a Church, and 400 acres granted in |)erpctuity, free from quit rent, to a minister and his luceessors ; in pursuance of which the Church (called St. John's,) was built in Luncnl)urg 'at the expense of Government A. D., 1754, and was the first English ^'luirch Ijuilt in Nova Scotia, after the erection of St. hud's, at Halifax.' " The frame of the building was irst put together in Boston. ' I 46 HISTOKY OF THE U: m^ -ill I i The Jievercnd Jean Baptixfe ^rorreau,* " formerly a Koinan Catholic Priest, and Prior of the Ahhcvof St. ]\Iatlic\v at Brest, had been received into tliecoimminion of the ('iuireli of Kiigland." He first })rcached at Hali- fax, and afterwards accom})anied the ori'as the property now occupied by Mathew Ernst, Esq., ear Lunenburg. The liev. Peter De La lioche, a native of Geneva, as ordained to " the cure of Lunen' ' ^--' " I r^y — • »Vbout tliis time, the Rev. Mr. Muhlenburg, (Pre-idcnt L," Frigate, \l 48 IIISTOUV OF TlIK of tho Lutlicran Synod, Pliiladclphiji,) had Ixjon applied to by (.*alvini!\'illiam Duff, of Perth, Scotland, who is still pastor. The present church was built about forty two-years igo, in the time of Rev. A. Moshelle, by free subscrip- tion, at a cost of twelve hundred pounds. LUTIIEKAN. The Lutlieran church was built bv German settlers, 1770-71. The first sermon was read in the church by one of the original settlers, on the twentv-fourth Sundav after Trinity, 1771. In 1772, the congregation received a German Lutheran minister, through the Rev. Mr. > t 52 HISTORY OF THE •A MulilenbcTf]^, who was considered the fatlier of the Lutheran Church in America, having been sent out by the celebrated Professor Franke. This first minister was the Ilev. Frederick Schultz, who resigned liis charge in 1782. His successor was the Rev. Johan Gottlob^ Schmetsscrj from Sorau, in the kingdom of Saxony, Germany, (belonging since 1815 to Prussia). He was born March 22, 1751, studied in Halle, was ordained in Wernigcrode, and commenced his ministerial duties at Lunenburg, Ist May, 1782, and died, after arduous labor, December 23, 1806. Mr. Schmeisser was fol- lowed by liev. Ferdinand Coyirad Temme, of Braun- schweig, who was born 12th March, 17 63, studied in Helmstadt and Gottingen, and was ordained in Wolfca- bauttel 1787. He arrived in Philadel[)hia in November 1807, and having accepted a call from the Limenburg congregation, 5th February 1808, he commenced his duties on the first day of Mav, in that } ear, and died in 1831. Two of his daughters reside in the county. A request for another minister was sent to tlie Univer- sity of Halle, and the Rev. Carl Ernst CossmanUy the present German pastor, came out to fill the vacancy. He was born at Sachsenburg in the Province of Saxony, kingdom of Prussia ; frequented the colleges of Frank- enhausen, and Goerlitz ; studied in Halle, under Tholuck, Gesenius, Uhlmann, and Thilo, was ordained in IMerseburg, and arrived at Lunenburg 17th January 1835. Tlie bell of the old church, was nmg for the first time on the 11th August, 1776. The new church was built 1840 and 1841, at an expense of about £1200, by free subscription, and was named the *' German Lutheran Zion cluu'ch."' ./ COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 53 The money ehcst kept in the old church, and brought from Germany is quite a curiosity. It is about four feet long, by fifteen inches wide, made of very hard \vo(jd, and lined with iron. The corners, on the outside, arc also covered with iron, and bands of the same material are placed round the front, ends, and part of the back. It is fastened with three locks, two of which are of peculiar construction. Through a hole in the cover was passed the (udlection made on each Sunday. The chest is stamped in the four comers, and centre of the top, and in other places with an ornament of circular desigr The hinges, and lock fastenings are secured with heavy rivets. Two black boards, and tickets of large size, pasted on wood, with numbers from 1 upwards, are still to be seen. The boards were formerly placed, in accordance ^vith an old custom, on the sides of the church, and the numbers of the liymns to be sung, with the verses, were put on them by the sexton before the time for service, so that the whole congregation might know where to find the words, without waiting for their announcement by the minister. The plate used in the celebration of the Holy Com- munion, was presented to the church, at different times, by D. C. .lessen, and Philip Rudolf, Esquires. METHODIST CHURCH. The ]\[ethodist church at Lunenburg was built in 1813. Rev. Georrje Orth, who preaclicd in German, was the first settled minister. He built the mission house with his own means, and, assisted by others, secured the erection of the church. /ii 11 i 54 HISTORY or THE I J' J 'V The first preacher in English was Rev. I\I. (now Dr.) Richey, who was in Lunenburg for a few months in 1824. The following ministers of the Denomination have also been stationed there : Reverend ^j Thomas* Davis, George Miller, Henry Pope, John ^Marshall, Wm. E. Shenstone, Wm. Webb, John Snowball, William Wilson, Roland Morton, Joseph ILut, Charles Stewart, Ricliard AVeddall, James Buckley, and John Teasdale, who is now at Petite Riviere, where a hand- some church was not long since erected, llov. George H. Iluestis, is the present pastor at Lunenburg. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL. The Roman Catholic chapel at Lunenburg, was erected in 1840. A dwelling house for the officiating priest Mas built on the same block. Rev. Mr. Kcnney was then the resident clergyman, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Doyle. Chapels have since been erected at Chester, and New Ross. CENTENARY CELEBRATION. The seventh day of June, 1853, was the Centenary of the founding of Liuienburg. The following pro- gramme of proceedings was prepared : Mi.cutes of Celebration Committee. Decided that 25 rounds be fired from Barrack hill. 25 ditto at Rous's hill, after the Oration by the Hon. Wm. Rudolf. 25 ditto at 4 p. m., at Blockhouse. 25 ditto at sunset, at ditto. That John Ernst promise to get men to attend field pieces, and make cartridges. r COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 55 was? and Hon. 1(1 field P'occssion at 10 o'clock A. 31., from Cotiri House. First Artillery Company. Band. Volunteer Company. Sheriff, mounted on horseback. Ministers, robed. Magistrates. Gentlemen of the Bar. Doctors. Citizens. Children. Final fire works at \ past 8 p. m., from Blockhouse hill. On the Sunday previous, Hcv. II. L. Owen preach- ed a sermon in St. John's Church, liaving reference to the event to be celebrated on the following Tuesday ; on which day the inhabitants of Lunenl)iu'g and the sur- rounding country, kept high festival, in commemorating the landing of those who gave to Lunenburg * ' a local Hiabitation and a name," and laid the foundation of that Iwcalth and prosperity, which, in the short space of one luuidred vears, became on every side so clearlv discer- nible. Men they were, who well deserved to be thus #held in remembrance ])y a grateful posterity. ]\Iay each I succeeding centenary find the county advancing still more rapidly than it has hitherto done. At sunrise on §the day named, a salute of 25 guns was fired from IMockhouse hill, accompanied by the ringing of all the : bells in the town. Appropriate services were held in i St. John's church at ten o'clock ; after which a proces- sion of the inhabitants, headed })y the sheriflT, magis- trates, and other county ofiUcials, marched to " Kous's l^rook," where an oration was delivered by the Hon. i A ■\': 1 w I I i si .^t 56 HISTORY OF THE William Rudolf, in which he gave an account of the landing of the first settlers, on the spot where they were then assembled, after a long and tedious voyage ; and also of the perils and hardships they had endured, tlirough the early years of the Settlement. At noon, twenty-five rounds of cartridge were fired ; and the pro- cession reformed, and marched through the town. A third round, of twenty-five guns, was fired at one o'clock from Gallows hill, by the artillery company ; and the assembled thousands amused themselves in a variety of ways, until sunset, when the last round of twenty-five guns was fired from Blockhouse hill, and a disj)lay of fire works, at the same place, closed the deeply inter- esting proceedings of the day. To commemorate the occasion, an oak was planted, on the hill where the Academy has been recently erected. THE VERITABLE "OLDEST INHABITANT." Mrs. Kaulbach, mother of Sheriff Kaulbach, at- tained ritis«h Crown." One of the orij^inal settlers at the Bjiy wan John Ivcdy, who came with hitJ father from London, and with jhis brothen^, Alexander and William, bought the mill- seat on ^[ushanuK«li river, Ptill occupied by their de- scendants. Z wicker, Ernst, Kooder, Loy, Ham, -Mader, Snieltzer, Swinehannncr, Moser, Eiscuhauer, Lantz, Keizer, Vienot and Ilyson, were among the first settlers on the west side of the Bay. The first dwelling built on the same side, was erect- ed by Peter Zwicker, grandfather of Valentine Zwicker, j Senior, of block house, near the site of the Hotel Waftcrwards owned by Mr. Alexander Zwicker. Persons now living, can remember when the land to the water's edge, was nearly all covered with licech and maple ; while groves of oak crowned the opposite hills. Less than forty years ago, that part of the village where Dr. Gray now resides, was covered with a forest of pines, into which, on the approach of winter, boats were carried for shelter. The Lidians e'icamjied in the same neiuhborhood. On the east side of the Bay, one Kneiss Iniilt a mill on or near the site of that now owned by John Kaul- i)acli, Esq., and in order to obtain sufficient force to drive it, the early settlers dug an outlet from the lake, a distance of a quarter of a mile, through which water has ever since been furnished in plentiful supply. The Lidians were as troublesome at Mahone Bay as elsewhere, and piles of wood, and inflanunable materials were always ready for lighting on the surrounding hills, to give warning of their approach. C'omnumication ring into 'ood in a cut and lav, from o miles, ord, and s, yielded ited, that ushels of oats, and an immense quantity of potatoes, which were go generally abundant, that they sold for sixj)ence a [bushel. lie had some so large, and with so many 'prongs," as he called them, that he offered to wager that he would tie a half a bushel of them together, with a rope, and carry them a half mile ; but that he could not find a man to accept the challenge. Mahone Bay is as great an emporium for cord wood as ever, and that, besides the lumber furnished by the numerous saw mills, in the sun-ounding country, forms a chief article of export. The Bay has for some time been justly celebrated for its shipl)uilding ; and owes its su[)eriority in this art, chiefly to the Langilles, and the Zwickers, who may be called self made men, and who if they had followed their occui)ation on wider fields of action, would have won a far larger share of fame. There are four pl.aces of worship in Mahone Bay ; the Church of England, (Rev. Wm. H. Snyder, Rector,) erected in 1833, the first service having been held July # 14th, in the same year, during the Rectorship of Rev. J. C. Cochran, who preached the sermon taking for his text Gen. xxviii. 17 — Mahone Bay being then included in the parish of Lunenburg ; a building for some time used as a Union church ; a Presbvterian church erected in 18G1, (Rev. E. McNab, Pastor,) and a Lutheran church, recently built. The Rev. P. J. Filicul, (now of Weymouth,) was the first resident clergyman, and was succeeded by the present Rector, above named. Rev. ]Mr. Shiels, of the Baptist body, also resides at the Bay, but there is no place of worship yet erected, belonging to the Denomination. The inscriptions on the oldest grave stones in the i 62 HISTOUY OF THE parinli church yartl, cannot be all deciphered. They commence with the following line in German : — "Hier Ruhct in Gott." From one we learn that a pers^on, (name illegible, jj was born in 1700, and died in 1787 ; while on another it is recorded that the occupant of the grave beneath,] was })orn in 1714, and died in 17(Si). Mahone Bay is a rapidly imju-oving village. Mucli taste is shewn in the style of the buildings erected within the last few years. A\'ith a fine agricultural country in the rear, and excellent lumbering and shipping facilities, it nuist make still greater progress. The beautiful scenery of the Bay Is elsewhere described. Mush-a-]Mush river, em})tying into the Bay, is con- nected with big Mush-a-Mush lake, distant from tht salt water 1)etween ten and twelve miles. This lake i;^ fed by several small lakes. There is a half a mile of still wat(n' on the river, about six miles from the Bay ,, Langille's lake in the rear of blockhouse, and Long lakc! northward of the main stream, empty into it. Fourteen j saw mills, and three grist mills, are in operation on tho | ]\Iush-a-]\Iush. Martin's river, a few miles cast of the Bay, at the. boundary between the townships of Lunenburg and* Chester, has its source in Pig lake, distant twelve miles | from the sea, and is connected with several smaller lakes, one of which is called Western lake. There arc| some falls or rapids on the main stream ; and four saw mills, and one grist mill are in operation. 1. P COUNTY OF LUNENRUUG. G.'l m1. Thov illcgil)le,) jii smother c beneatli, ^c. Much f^8 erected n'ricultural lering and • progress. described.! av, is eon*' t from the his lake iv-^ I a mile of 1 the Bfiy. ijong lak( Fourteen ion on th( ay, at tht jurg anil elve milc- il smaller There arc| four saw NEW GERMANY. This Is one of the most thriving agricultural districts in the county. The first settlement was made to the north of what is now known as Chesley's corner, by [)ersons from Lallave, principally of German origin, about sixrv years ago, and is distant eighteen miles from Brid^^cwater. John Fieiidall built the first log liouse. Those who followed him into the woods were Jdhn ]\Ii;ilman, William AVoodworth, and Thomas Penny. The latter was a very robust man. He carried a bushel and a half of potatoes on his back, from Bridjjewat. r to his new home, when there was onlv a pathway chopped out. The fiv-r settler at Cheslev's corner, was one Con- (lore, foil' wed by a Cierman named Gross. About thirty-five years ago, Messrs. John Chesley and others moved thtio from the county of Annapolis. Nathaniel Morgan, (father of Edward Morgan, Esq.) built a saw and grist mill, previous to which the inhabitants had to travel twentv miles with their grists, and nearly as far for lumber. AA'hat i.> now known as the back settlement of New Germany, distant about eighteen miles from Mahone Bay, was commenced by Messrs. Simpson, Kamey, Hawksworth and others, about forty-two years ago. Farhiing and lumbering arc the principal occupations of the people. Those who took possession of the forest, were men \vell fitted to convert the ground it covered into the fertile fields which now greet the traveller's eye ; and to substitute for the temporary habitations at first erected, those substantial dwellings which gi^'e evidence of their owner's comfort and independence. ^ ^ .\''i 11, 64 HISTOUY OF THE 'i New Germany has places of worship bolonijing to the (/hurch of EngUmd, tlic Baptists, and Methodists, and is sii[)pli(!d with six school-houses. The only resi- dent minister at present, is the Kcv. AVilliani Hall, (Baptist.) The first service at New Germany was held in 182«, or '211, in the barn of Mr. Fiendall, (father of Adam Fiendall), by Rev. James C. Cochran. When on missionary visits, in those early days of the settle- ment, he sometimes slept on a moose skin, placed on the floor. lie frequently officiated in Mr. Woodworth's kitchen, aided by a small candle, and fire li<(ht. The first building erected for divine worship, was built in 1844, the lumber for which was taken from Bridge- water. It was consecrated by the late Bishop Inglis, and called " the Church in the wilderness." A large number of straw hats are manufactured at New Germany, and conmiand a ready sale. The settlements of Maitland, New Cornwall, and Northfidd, lie between ^lahonc Bay, and New Ger- many. Churches and school-houses have been built, and the people arc making progress in agricultural and lumbering pursuits. OVENS. The *' Ov^ens" are situated on a peninsula a mile and a half in length, and three quarters of a mile in breadth ; distant four miles by water, and thirteen miles by land, from the town of Lunenburg ; and have long been objects of attraction to strangers visiting the county. They are deep caverns w-orn in the sides of the rocky cliff, the largest of which is about eighteen feet in height, and forty feet in depth. The sea, when moved by a storm, rushes into them, with a noise like the i 'in COUNTY OF r.UNENBURO. 65 oclists, y rcsi- ' Hall, ii8 held thor of When settlc- iccd on [worth's . The built in Bridge- Inglis, ured at ill, and rrport of heavy cannon. There is a legend, that an Indian who entered the largest oven in his eanoe, made his exit at AnnajMiliH. A few years ago a party went into the same oven at low water, and the tide, returning faster than they expected, upset their hoat, and rendered their eseape difficult. The northern side of the peninsula "is a ridge" formed chieHy of quart/ite and slate ;" and its southern side is ♦♦ principally composed of metaniorphic slate, containing thin scams of quartz." The Ovens were hrought more prominently into notice, on the discovery there of auriferous (piartz by James Dowling, Esq., on the 13th June, 18(11, in a vein three quarters of an inch thi(;k, on the "hlutf," and in July following, .lolm Lawson, Kscj., then (xov- crnment Surveyor for the county, discovered gold in the sand on the shore. Claims were eagerly sought after ; many persons went earnestly to work, and the result, i^ gave promise of a plcntifid supply of the precious metal, and imparted a stimulus to the prosperity of Lunenburg. The leads of quartz at the surface, arc generally small, being composed of a number of very thin veins.. As their depth increases, the leads increase in size, and richness. Veins of three quarters of an inch at the surface, have, at a depth of twenty feet, increased to the thickness of five inches. The official returns from 18G1 to 1804, shew 1,282* ounces of gold from the Ovens district, of which over . 1000 ounces were from alluvial washings in 1801 and- 18G2. These were found in a cove *' formed by the rapid disintegration of the slates, into which the sand of' the shore, and debris of the slate with gold, had been 1 i * 66 HISTORY OF THE collected." It is said that a few lots on this beach were "sold for $4,800, with a reservation of one quarter; and after, as it is believed, a large amount of gold had been removed." The gold appears in "jagged grains and scales, as if it had been melted, and suddenly- cooled." Several nuggets were obtained. The largest was attached to a piece of reddish colored quartz, and weighed one ounce and a half. An assay of gold from the Ovens, gave from 100 parts — Gold 93-06 Silver 6' 60 Copper 0-09 Iron — a trace 99.75 It was estimated that the quantity of gold obtained, gave a slight average over one ounce per month, to each miner employed. It has been declared by scientific men, that gold abounds at the Ovens ; but capital and labor are re- quired, to a much greater extent than has yet been supplied. [From Report of Commissioner of Mines for 1869.] '• The works in this district, principally carried on by Smith, McKay and associates, by whom a considerable amount of labour was performed, have not as yet been at- tended with very satisfactory results. The Waddelow mine at Indian Path has been to a large extent idle, at which I am the more surprised, as, from the appearance of the lode, when visited by me in 1868, I had every reason to believe it would pay a handsome profit ; and I strongly suspect that the want of success is largely due to the crushing and .f bv M COUNTY OF LUNENBUKO. m h were larter ; Id had grains iddenly largest tz, and )m 100 93-06 6-60 0-09 99.75 btained, )nth, to lat gold are re- et been amalganratmg apparatus, particularly the latter, which, like the appliances generally used ia the province, is only adapted to secure the coarse free gold." " Mr. J. R. Waddelow, in a recent letter, furnishes the following : ' Little has been done this year. Some prospecting was done in tlic summer ; in consequence of the discovery of some larjre and rich surface boulders we found ten or twelve lodes of various sizes up to five feet, some of which shewed gold very well, but we did not find either of those which we were looking foi-. However as no natural impediment to pros* pecting exists in the locality, and as our trench did not extend more than about 125 feet, there is no reason why they should not be found. ' We also made some tests of surface earth from dilferenl parts of the property, amounting in all to about 25 tons, which gave sufiicient to shew that several aci'es of it might be taken away and crushed at a profit of about a shilling a ton ; this, though insignificant in a small way, would amount to a great sum of motley on the many thousands of tons which exist here, besides, of course, uncovering the lodes. * * • ' We have discovered beyond a doubt tliat a large pro- portion of gold was lost in our earlier crushings, as we always suspected, but never could prove. We find now that ail the flowered mercury that we can wash out of the tailings con- tains from 4 to 6 dwts. of gold to the pound, and therefore since 80 lbs. of mercury were lost, from 16 to 24 ozs. of gold were also lost. This is rather an important discovery, as it raises the total average returns from 6^ to 9 dwts., which would of course be -a very satisfactory yield on a large lode like ours.'" EINOSBURO AND R0SEBA7. Kingsburg, upper and lower, wns settled originally by families, named Moesmnn, Keizer, Knock, and Hautman. The last mentioned sold their proiwrty, and removed <^o other districts. Many descendants of the settlers above-named, still reside at Kingsburg, and elsewhere in the county. They have always been a M m GS HISTORY OF THE frug'a], saving people, which has often ena])led them to loan money freely. Kingsburg was called, at one time, " a bank f c Lunenburg ;" and a number of young men have been enabled to start in life by assistance there obtained. Perhaps there is no })lacc in the county where the sterling virtues of the first settlers arc more fully displayed, than at Kingsburg. The simple habits of the j)eoplc liave ensured to many of them a good old age. Charlotte Kegina Douglas, daughter of the late John Mossman, attained to one hun(b*ed yc^ars and ten months ; and her only sister, iSIrs. Henry Lohnis, died in her ninety-sixth year; while Abraham, their youngest brother, was over eighty years of age at his decease. Roscbay, near to Kingsburg, is prettily situated. Small islands, with white sand beaches, which form a pleasing contrast to the green trees above them, make up, with the village itself, a charming picture, as it meets the eye of the traveller, on his emerging from the woods Ivinu: between the two settlements. RITCY'S COVE, CREESER'S COVE, AND FIVE HOUSES, LOWER LAHAVE. The Coves above-named, are inlets of the Lallavc river, and with the Five Houses, are situated on its eastern side, nearly opposite Fort Point. 1 hey are all places of some importance ; on account of the fishing business carried on in vessels owned tlun'c. Excellent farms add to the means of wealth enjoyed by the people. In these settlements, .as well as at New Dublin, busy scenes are witnessed on the return of the fishermen ; and the flakes which line the shores for miles, are often cov- ered with choice codfish and haddock. Oxncr's hill, oungcst 3sise. ituatcd. form a I, make e, as it iVom the FIVE COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 00 at Lower Lallavc, commands a fine view of the river, and the Dublin shore. The f?ettlement of Five Houses, was named origin- allv from tlie number of its dwelHngs, which have been increased of late years. On a hill above it, may be seen the mounds of an old defence, and a cannon, used when privateers were at hand. OXNER'S BEACH. The largest sand beach in the county, is near the mouth of Lallave river, between Mrs. Oxner's and the " five houses," and is over eightv-two acres in extent. Persons now living can remember when it was nearly covered with forest. Stumps of trees are, in some parts of it, still vi>;il)lc, but it is otherwise entirely destitute of all traces of vegetation. At low water it is travelled on foot, or in carriages, whereby nuich of the main road is avoided, and the distance materially lessened. When the tide is in, it is crossed in boats. Lallavc on its are all fishing Ixce llent people. n, busy Ml ; and ten gov- 's hill, TOWNSHIP OF NEW DUBLIN. The first landing in the township of New Dublin, of which any account is given, is that of Lescnrbot, a French lawyer and poet, who called at Lallave on his way to Port Koyal, (now Annapolis), in July, 1607; and of whom it is related, that he found there " a mine of marcasite of copper." " Li 1()K}, a French lady, the Marchioness de Guercheville, fitted out an expedition ; the connnand of which she gave to M. de Saussaye." The caj)tain of the sliip, which was 100 tons burthen, was "Charles 70 HISTORY OF THE Flory (le Ilablcville. The whole party, crew and pas- sengers, the latter including two priests, numbered forty-eight persons ; who sailed from Honfleur, March 12th, and made land at Cape LaH6ve on the 16th May." Arrived at the harbor and river Lallcve, (Fort Point,) "they planted a cross with the armorial bearings of their patroness affixed, and said mass ;" (pn>bably the first Christian service performed in the county,) and thence ])a8sed on to Port Royal. Sir William Alexander, by Letters Patent, granted in 1630, to Sir Claude de St. Etienne La Tour, and his son Charles, a district of country, one boundary of w^hich was " unto Mirliguesche, near unto and beyond the Port and Cape of LaLeve," &c., " with power to build towns and forts." "In 1632, Isaac de liazilly, a Knight of Malta, who was Commander in Chief as Lieutenant General for the King, made LaHeve his residence ; commenced preparatit)ns for carrying oii the fisheries, brought set- tlers from France, to whom he gave lands, and at his decease, supposed to liave been in 1636, had established there forty families of agriculturalists." In 1634, he " built a fort on a hillock of land of three or four acres." This was doubtless the defence of which the ruins are now seen at Fort Point. " He treated with great kindness, while resident at Lalleve, a crew of Connecticut seamen, who were wrecked on the Isle of Sable in 1635." After the death of Isaac de Razilly, " his property went to his brother Claude, by whom it was transferred to M. D' Aulnay Charnise, who was Isaac's successor in the Government of Western Acadia, while T^a Tour still COLT^TY OF LUNENBURG. 71 governed the eastern part. LaHevc was under the Government of La Tour, though occupied by Chamige, who received instructions from his king not to change any tiling in the settlement of LaHeve, or the porta thereto belonging." "Charnise, in 1643, went to war with La Tour, by whom he was conquered, which caused him to flee to Port Royal," whither he had already removed the ll famUiei 'rom LaHeve. "In 1051, La Tour received a new commission as Governor and Lieutenant General of Acadia ; and LaHeve was again settled." "Emmanuel Le Borgne, a creditor of Charnis^, after the death of the latter, obtained in 1654 an order from France to take the lands of the deceased ; and a party of his men in passing by LaHeve, on their way from Cape Breton to Port Koyal, set fire to all the buildings, including the Chapel, by order of LeBorgne." ' ' After the surrender of Port Royal to the forces of Cromwell, under Sedgewick, which caused LaH6vc among other places to revert to the English, a son of Le Borgne returned to Acadia with a Rochelle mer- chant, named Guilbaut, and erected at LaHeve a wooden fort for ils defence." ' ' The English on receiving notice of Le Borgnc'e movements, went to dislodge him. The latter fled to the woods, while Gilbaut remained at his post, and so well defended his position, that many of the English, including the commanding officer, were slain. Gilbaut having been warned of a second intended attack, and having no special interest at LaHeve beyond the pre- een-ation of the property brought from France, surren- ill n HISTORY OF THE i dered, nc .'ind liis men being allowed to retain that pro- perty. Le Borgne was driven from the woods by hunger, and taken by the victors prisoner to Boston," or, according to some accounts, to London. On the Uth August, 1056, Cromwell granted to La Tour, Thomas Temple, and William Crowne, the country contained within the following bounds : " Com- mencing at ' Merliguesche,' and extending from thence to Port Lallcve, following the coast to Cape Sable ; and thence by other described courses to Pentagoet," (or Pen()l)scot,) " and the river St. George ; and further on to the first habitation made by the Flcnunings, or Freiich, or by the English of A^ew England." The rent reser- ved, was twenty beaver skins, and twenty moose skins annually. Lalleve seems to have been esteemed in those early days a place of much importance, judging from the frequent mention made of it in negotiations for pos- session of lands in Acadie. In 1(>()7 the whole country was ceded to France by Charles the Second of England. M. Perrott, who had been Governor of Montreal, was transferred as Governor to Acadia, in 1084, and the next year he asked the French minister to grant him Lalleve " as a seigneurie, with a frontage of twelve leagues on the sea coast, beginning at Port Rosignol, (now Liverpool), on the west, and ten leagues in depth inland, with " high, middle, and low justice," and all rights of fishing, trading, and hunting, under the quit rent of a gold cix>wn on each change of property." He asked for "fifty soldiers, (including fifteen seamen) , with the thirty then in garrison, to be maintained at the ki t\\ bel fo( ofl ofl Pt COUNTY OF LUNENBUIU}. 73 kinjjf's cxi)ense ; a corvette of ten guns — eirrht and twelve pounders — a coast pilot ; and a Misisionarv, to be likewise sup{)ortcd. Cannon were to ])e furnished for the fort, Avitli the requisite amnninition and utensils of war ; also tools to rebuild the fort, with twelve barrels of tar, and three hundred blocks or pulleys, of all sizes."" Perrott further requested permission to "collect va^rrants, and C(»ini)el them to settle in the country ; and stipulated that the soldiers should be allowed to marry, giving^ them, as in Canada, fifty livres, or an equivalent.'' On these conditions, " he offered to put the fort of LaHave in a state of defence ; to build there a dwelling house, etorelujuses, cazernes, and a giuird house ; to erect a mill, settle a village, and collect inhabitants for the shore fisheries by the advances he would make them ; and further agreed to build a church."' lie described the place as "most convenient for his purpose, and within three days journey of Port lloyal and Minas, the most populous places in Acadie. In order to incite the people to the culture of the land, he promised to buy their corn, and assured them of the profit to result from the fisheries." It is not recorded that any reply was made to this request. In 1()