IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

IIIIIM
IIIM

1.8

1.25

1.4

1.6

< 6" —

►

<?.

'W/ a

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) IJ72-4S03

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHIVI/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

1980

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

□
D
D

□
D
D
D

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagde

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e

I I Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

Coloured maps/

Cartes gdographiques en couleur

Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Relid avec d'autres documents

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/

La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge int^rieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas dt6 film^es.

L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplairr
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exempiaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvant modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage
sont indiquds ci-dessous.

I I Coloured pages/

Pages de couleur

Pages damaged/
Pages endommagdes

Pages restored and/oi

Pages restaurAes et/ou pellicul6es

Pages discoloured, stained or foxei
Pages d^colordes, tachetdes ou piqu^es

Pages detached/
Pages ddtachdes

I I Pages damaged/

I I Pages restored and/or laminated/

r~l Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/

r~7| Pages detached/

Showthrough/
Transparence

I I Quality of print varies/

Quality indgale de I'impression

Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du materiel supplementaire

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure.
etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fagon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppl6mentaires;

Pages [1]-[4] , and 262-264 are photoreproducticns.

-y

10X

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous.

^4X 18X 22X

26X

30X

^y'

12X

16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thariks
to the generosity of:

Harold Campbell Vaughan Memorial Library
Acadia University

L'exemplaire fiim6 fut reproduit grAce d la
gdndrositi de:

Harold Campbell Vaughan Memorial Library
Acadia University

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Maps, platesi, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure arft filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la netteti de l'exemplaire film6, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprim6e sont fiim^s en commen^iant
par ie premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont film^s en commengant par la
premidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration et en terminaiit par
la dernidre page qui comporte une teile
empreinte.

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — »► signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbole V signifie "FIN".

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre
film6s d des taux de reduction diff6rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film/ d partir
de Tangle supdrieur gauche, Je gauchu d droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
lllustrent la mdthode.

rrr.

fr-

tllSTORY

OF TUK

COimn 01'' LUiN^ENBURG,

MATHKU B. DESTiRlSAY,

Baxri3tcr at Lav.-, M. T. P.

" Follow nio
Buck through a lio.iry Ci turv."

irAT,Il'AX, N. 3.
PRINTED I', JAMi:s liOWKS & SONS.

1870.

' I

T-".

5r: : 3?"V

ippp

r/^'3 9

TO Tir

I have i
►fthefolli
eft inc by

I am in
lurtoii, I)
iiiportaut
rainal all
r>, ami he
eside: Is,
inetv-fivc
red years
lents mac

To cacli
I the WO]

lucli i)lca

IIDGKWA

Februa

^||g||ML^||||^,^^|^^

■^0m\9' ■■■^

■H

r^T^

TO THK IXilAniTANTS OF TIL: COUNTV OF
LUNENBUIIG.

have for some time past, given to tlic preparation
»f the following" history of my naLivc county, the leisure
eft me by my professional and public duties.

I am indebted for information to the works of Ilali-
'Urton, I)awson, ^lurdoeh, Aikins, and others ; and to
iiportant public and private dociunents. I have ex-
rain cd all the places of special historic interest referred
r>, and heard from the Wv^ of manv of tJie most aiied
esidc: 's, foia- of whom have attained respectively to
inety-fivc, ninety-six, ninety-eight, and over one hun-
red years, tboir personal recollections, and the state-
lents m:idc to tlicm by their ancestors.

To each one who shall peruse the work, I beg to sny,
I the words of an ancient author, "I wish thee as

luch jdcasurc in the reading, as I had in the writing."

I am,
Your Friend and Representative,

Mathi;k ]>. Dj;sI5i!ISAv.

%9)G K WAT V. H , L aIIa VK,

'February, IS 70.

I^. . " •'-—•'ii-'*'^- '... ^.i-*-.'-.-'A-

£f:'-xi^^S^4&^^p@V^i^^^^iIISl^

!i!5S

/ I ■

I'i'H

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

^■

fame and situation of C'ounty.

^^ant8 relating to Township of Lunenburg.

Ittlement of Lunenburg — French aud English.

istoms and habits of early settlers aud style of houses,
rownship of New Dublin. French and English settlement.

Jttlements in Township.

rownship of Chester — Grant of and Settlements in.
H«graphical Notices.
Japtisms, Weddings, and Funerals.
^he Aborigines,
inery of County,
riculture..
ririieries.
education,
[temperance.
Fatural History.

jtlation in different years.
hher S< atistics.
ta^rts and linports.

lipping and Light Houses.

M'tellanea.

jlcient Documents.

ible of Distances.

■^ Bi'

.J)

muk

hr.rg,

LUNEl

in]

>'v(tierB ci

large forti

also give

United k

Eichnion

the Stat

• ' Tiiineb

[ijircd toi

late Kcv

Philadel]

Lunc

south sh

the nort

the sou

west by

Trom ea

and coi

into ii^

its boi

brook

•■fOi^.

B l M ^ Bl^l

LUNENBURG.

Lu\p:n«uug was iiaiiied from the Diicliy of Liincii-
/)r,ij^, in Lower Saxony, wliencc many of the original
!^»(ders came; the capital of which was Lunenburg, a
large fortified Unvn on the river Ilmenau. Tiic name was
also given to a town in Prussia, another in Virginia,
United States of America, fifty miles south-west of
Kichmond ; a county in the same State ; and a town in
the State of jS^ew York. The word in German, is
" LUneburg.'' It is so spelled in an office book, pre-
pared for the Lutheran Church in this county, by the
late Kev. Ferdinand Conrad Temme, and published at
Philadelphia, A. D. 181G.

SITUATION OF THE COUNTY.

Lunenburg is one of the counties situated on the
south shore of Nova Scotia, and is bounded inland on
the north-east by the coimties of Hants and Halifax ; on
the south-west by Queen's county ; and on the north-
west by Annapolis and King's counties. It is forty miles
Irom east to west, and about thirty-five miles in width,
and contains an area of 1,182,810 acres.

On the 17th August, 1759, the Province was divided
into five counties, of which Lunenburg was one, and
its boundaries were thus defined : ' ' Beginning at a
brook at the bottom of Mahone Bay, and on the easterly

,.)

:.*/

>- il2^f' ;

.:M

HISTOliY OF THE

licad thereof; and tliencc to run nortlicrly till it meets /
the lake called Lonjr lake ; and to be bounded easterly ^
by tlie said lake, and nortli-wcsterly by the county of/
Annapolis and Kin^r'n county; south-westerly by the
river Rosignol and Port Senior ; and south easterly by
the sea shore to the first limits, comprising all the in-
lands southward of the same." Three townships wei-e
afterwards established in the county ; Lunenburg, Shore-
ham, now called Chester, and New Dublin. In 1823
a new survey was made, and a large portion of the
county, embracing more than 50,000 acres, was added
to Queen's county.

The boundaries of the county were in 1826, defined as
follows: " conuncncing at a large rock in the harbour
of Port Metway, (alias Medway,) marked with the
initials L and N D, being the ancient bound Pid land-
mark between the county of Lunenburg and O.ueenjs
county^ from thence running north 2G degrees west 24
miles and 64 rods to Pleasant river ; thence following
the courses of said river to the entrance of Shuigle Lake
to the eastern bounds of land granted to Zenas Water-
man ; thence northerlv alonij the eastern bound, of said
Waterman's land, and the line of land granted to John
Paysant, Zenas Waterman, Junior, and John Ringer,
777 rods ; thence north 26 degrees west 7 miles to a
spruce tree marked N. W. angle ; thence north 60
degrees east 37 miles to a post and pile of stones placec
on the western side line of the Township of Horton ;
thence Southerly along that line to the end thereof,
thence easterly along the line of Horton township,
until It comes to the rear bound of the township o
Falmouth, to a blazed tree marked on four sides ; thenct

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

in a right line to a square post surrounded by a pile of
stones, standing on the public road leading from
Chester to Windsor; and marked on the northern side
"Hants county," on the south " Lunenbm-g county," and
on the south-cast "Halifax county ;" thence to run south
27 degrees east 12^ miles to the sea shore of St.
Margaret's Bay, at the western side of the entrance into
the cove, called Harness Cove, to a square post sur-
rounded by a pile of stones and marked on the eastern
side " County of Halifax," on the western side "County
of Lunenburg ; " thence southerly and westerly by 'he
several courses of the sea shore to the eastern side of the
entrance of Port Metway ; thence northerly up said
harbor to the rock and place of beginning, comprehend-
injr all the islands in front of said limits."

TOWNSHIP OF LUNENBURG.

The township of Lunenburg is stated by Haliljurton,
to be, next to Halifax, "the oldest Settlement formed by
the English Government in Nova Scotia." On the 20th
Mf;y 1758, it was decreed by the Governor and Council,
that luitil the Province was divided into counties, 16
Members of Assembly should be elected for the Province
at large, four of whom should represent the township of
Halifax, and two the township of Lunenburg ; and it
was resolved that the latter should " comprehend all the
lands lying between Lallave River, and the easternmost
head of Mahone Bay, with all the islands within said
bay, and all the islands within Mirliguesh Bay, and
those islands lying to the southward of the above
limits."

It is recorded that a grant of the township was

HISTORY OF THE

agreed to 18th August 1761. On the 30th of June 1784,
24 Geo. III., a grant was passed, whicli comraeneed
with the following recital : " Whereas the settlement of
the township of liunenburg, commenced in the year
1753, and was carried on progressively, by laying out
and locating plantations to the inhabitants, as they
advanced in cultivation and improvement, until the loca-
tion of the whole was completed, in the year 17C5 ; at
which time a grant of the said township, for and on
behalf of the said inhabitants, passed the great seal of
this Province ; which grant, from various causes, was
not accepted nor taken out of the ohtce of the Secretary
of this Province." Mention was also made of the
prayer of the persons afterwards named in the grant,
that the lands previously laid out might be confirmed to
them, and the same were thereupon granted unto John
Creighton, L. Christopher Rudolf, D. Christophor
Jessen, Joseph Pernette, J. Christopher Rudolf, Casper
Wollenhaupt, John Bollman, John Donig, Philip
Herman, Senr., John Becker, John Dauphinee, Senr.,
Andrew Yung, Just Schuj), Henry Ernst, Adam Hebb,
Cornwallis Morrow (meaning jlMor''f5iii.^ Jonathan
Benny, Frederick Fink, Frederick 'Ihidand, Heirs of
Martin Kaulbach, (father of first Sheriff Kaulbach),
James Yeinot, John Berringer, George F. Bailly,
John Henry Fehder, Henry Oxner, Casper Heckman,
Henry Kocli, George Eisenhaur, Peter Zwicker,
Adam Waml)olt, Jacob Speidel, Miciiael Morash,
Mathias Ernst, and others, over 200 in all. The
lands were described as follows: "situate, lying,
and being in the county of Lunenburg, and com-
prehended within the limits hereinafter described, to

-*^

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

wit : beginning on the western side of the river La
Have, at the first Falls, and at the upper bound of land
granted Joseph Pernette Esquire ; thence to run north
33 deg. 45 min. west by the magnet, 120 chains (of 4
rods each) ; thence south 56 deg. west 480 chains ;
thence north 24 deg. west 800 chains ; thence north 56
deo-. east 1440 chains, or until a line produced south
33 deo". 45 min. east will come to the centre of the first
falls on Salmon River, being the old bounds between
Lunenburg and Cliester ; thence to be bounded by said
line, and by said river, down stream, and by the sea
shore of Mahone Bay, running westward and southward
round to LaHave River aforesaid, and the several
courses of the said river, up stream, to the bounds first
mentioned, containing in the whole district, by estima-
,.Jtion, 180,000 acres, more or less." A reservation
was made of miines of gold and silver, lead, copper,
and coals ; and the land was subjected to a yearly quit
rent of one farthing per acre. The grantees were
bound by the terms of the grant, "to clear and work
within three years from its date, three acres for every
fifty granted, in whatever part of the land they might
deem most advantaii;eous ; or clear and drain three acres
of swampy or sunken ground ; or drain three acres of
marsli, if any Such should be within the bounds of the
grant ; or put and keep on the said lands within three
years from the same date, three neat cattle, to be con-
tinued thereon until three aCres for every fifty be fully
cleared and improved ; but if no part of said tract be fit
for present cultivation, without manuring or improving
the same, then the said grantees, their heirs and assigns, .
shall within three vears from date erect on some iiart

HISTORY OF THE

of their said lands, one dwelling house, to contain twenty-
feet ii\ length, by sixteen in breadth, and to put on said
land, tiirec neat cattle for every fifty acres, or if said
grantees shall within three years after the passing of
this grant begin to employ thereon, and so to continue
to work for three years then next ensuing, in digging
any stone quarry, or other mine, one good and able
hand for every one hundred acres of such tract, it shall
be accounted a sufficient seating and improvement ; and
every three acres which shall be cleared and worked as
aforesaid, and every three acres which shall be cleared
and drained as aforesaid, shall he accounted a sufficient
planting, cultivs tion, and improvement, to save forever
from forfeiture, fifty acres of land in any part of the
said tract hereby granted." Proof of thcfe improve-
ments was to be allowed in any Court of the county,
district, or precinct. The grant was signed by "Johr
Parr," Governor and Commander-in-Chief; counter-
signed by Richard Bulkeley, Secretary ; registered bj
A. Gould, Registrar ; and entered by W. A. Shipton
Deputy Auditor. .1

Ir« 17 00 an Act was passed by the Legislature
reciting, that the Governor had granted and set apart
a tract of land lying in the peninsula of Lunenburg
to serve as a common for the inhabitants of said town
and requiring the Grand Jury at the Sessions in March
(and annually in the same month) "to make regula
tions for the common " to be approved of by the Justicef
On the 17th April, 1701, a grant was signed b
Governor Lawrence, giving to the inhabitants (
Lunenburg, 2000 acres near the town, for a commoi
and registered on the 13th of August in the same yet

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

A grant was also made 7th February, 1785, of land
to be held as common.

In 1818 an Act was passed, empowering the inhabi-
tants, at their annual town meetings, to vote monies
for running, ascertaining, and renewing the marks of
the original boundary lines of the common as often as
should be found requisite. Tlie General Sessions of the
Peace were, by the same act, authorised to make regu-
lations for gathering sea manure, on the shores of the
common or public lands.

An act was passed in 1826, enabling the trustees of
the common to make leases of parts of it for ten years ;
and in 1828 the term was extended to ninety-nine years.

By enactment in 1862, power was given to the
trustees to sell certain portions of the common, and to
execute conveyances in fee simple.

The first record of that ]~art of the county which is
n<W5rJ;he shire town, is connected with the date 1630,
when, in naming the boundaries of the French posses-
eions at and near LaHave, it is mentioned as " Mer-
liffucsche." It is next referred to in census returns of
LaHave and "Mirliguesh" in 1686, which will be sub-
sequently given. Governor Phillips, in 1720, recom-
mended that a settlement should be formed at "Mirli-
guesche ;" and it was by him described, as one of
p ^ several places conveniently situated for the seat of
government.

In 1722, or '23, seventeen fishing vessels were
captured at Canseau by Indians, who thereby obtained
a large number of prisoners. Some of the vessels were
retaken, and several Indians having been killed in the
engagement, it was decided, in order to avenge their

HISTORY OF THE

death, to sacrifice twenty of the remaining prisoners
who had been carried to " Merleguesh." The usuaji
preparations were being completed, when " the Indians
were surprised by the arrival of an English sloop,
under command of Captain Blin, with proposals for the
ransom of the captives;" which, having been accepted,
they were again free. It is supposed by some, as
being more in accordance with the natural character of
the Indians, that their proceedings were only intended to
extort money from Blin.

Messienrs Beauharnois and Ilocquart, in a letter to
the count de Maure2)as, dated Quebec, September 12,
1745, wrote: "At Miiligueche, a small harbor five
leagues oast of Lallcve are only eight settlers ; among
the rest are Paul Guidry, alias Grivois, (jovial or
jolly,) a good coast pilot."

• Lord Cornwallis called at " ]Mirligueche " on his
way to Halifax, on the 14th June, 1749. In a lettet
dated tlic twenty-second of that month, he wrote : "we
came to anchor in Merligueche Bay, where I was told
there was a French settlement. I went ashore to soe
the houses, and manner of living of the inhabitants.
There arc but a few families with tolerable wooden
houses, covered with bark ; a good many catiie, and
clear ground more than serves themselves. They seem
to be very peaceable, say they always looked upon
themselves as English subjects ; have their grants frou
Colonel Mascarene, the Governor of Annapolis ; anc
shewed an unfeigned joy to hear of the new settlement.'

Tr.accs of old French cellars have been discovered
and at the corner of what is now King's Hotel, there
were found a few years since, several feet under the aur-

I i

ti 1

L wiHf''

^\-'^

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

1.5

fac';, part of an old fire place, a leaden weight of one
pound and one ounee, present standard, several staves
of a cask that had been used in a well, and a stout piece
of oak timber, well preserved. A French drain was also
uncovered.

The first emigrants who settled in the county under
the protection of the British Government, qame to the
Province in consequence of a proclamation, published
in Germany in 1750. Public notices were also posted
in several populous towns. Those who should avail
themselves of the terms offered, were to receive (so
states the proclamation,) fifty acres of laijd each, free
from all rent and taxes for ten years, with ten additional
acres for each member of a family, and further privi-
leges in [)roportion to the number of acres of land culti-
vated and improved ; and were to be maintained for
twelve months after their arrival in the Province. They
were to be provided with arms and ammunition, and
a sufficient quantity of materials and implements for
house-keeping ; clearing and cultivating their lands ;
erecting luibitations, and promoting the fisheries. They
were told that the climate of the Province was healthy ;
the soil productive and fertile, yielding an abundance
of everything necessary to support life ; with a sea coast
abounding in fish ; well situated for shipping and trade ;
and furnished with secure and convenient harbors.

The advancement of the Colony was hoped for, under
that Divine blessing and assistance, for which England
has ever prayed, when about to graft a new branch on
the parent stem. ;^^

A suitable agent, (Mr. Dick) was appointed at
Frankfort, to whom intending emigrants were directed
to apply.

HISTORY OF THE

In pursuance of the proclamation, about one hundred
and thirty persons embarked at Rotterdam, on a long
voyage, for this — to them strange — country, and arrived
at Haliftix in the good ship "Anne," in 1750. Be-
tween the date of this first arrival and 1753, an addi-
tional number were brought by the " Pearl," *' Gale,"
♦'Sally," "Betty," ''Murdoch," "Swan," and other
ships, making in all one thousand six hundred and
fifteen. Of these, one thousand four hundred and fifty-
three again embarked at Halifax on the 28th of May
1753, in fourteen transports, the largest being 98 tons
burthen, and the sloop " York," Capt. Sylvanus Cobb,
which were employed to convey them to Lunenburg ;
and 92 regular troops, and 6Q rangers, were also sent
there, under command of Colonel Lawrence, in whose
charge the settlers were placed. He was directed to ^i^
out the cleared land adjoining the town, among the
people by lot, and to reserve the beach to the Crown.
Each family building a house, was to receive from him
materials, not exceeding 700 feet of boards, 500 bricks,
and a proportionate quantity of nails. They arrived at
Lunenburg (then called " Merliguesh," an Indian word
signifying "Milky Bay,") on the seventh day of the
following month ; a length of time suflficient in our day
to cross the Atlantic. These original settlers, when at
home, were principally farmers, belonging to Wurtem-
berg. Saxony, and other parts of Germany, some were
inhabitants of Switzerland, and others were Montbiliards
who were originally natives of Alsace, and Franche
Comte, formerly part of the Duchy of Wurtemberg, but
united to France in the reign of Louis the Fourteenth.

Governor Ilopson, in a letter to the Lords of Trade,

P^'

HM"

If •'

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

K*. *'

i^> t

dated Halifax, IGtli October, 1752, writes: "The peo-
j)le ill general who were sent over this year by Mr.
Dick, ccmplain of his having persuaded them at their
embarking to sell everytiiing, even the little bedding
they had ; by which means they have lain on the bare
decks and platforms during their voyage, and arc still
destitute of all kind of bedding. This has caused the
death of many both on the jiassage and here ashore
since they were landed." * * * "It

looks as if it was done to give room for crowding in a
greater number of people into the ships that brought
them."

The landing, and cutting a road from the shore to the
hill overlooking the harbour, may be taken as the start-
ing point in the British settlement of the county, called,
as was the town whose foundations were then laid,
"Lunenburg." An immortal Poet has written "what's
[n a name ! " but this name of "Lunenburg," would, if
such were wanting, act as a constant reminder of the
country to which these adventurers had said good-bye.
This part of the coast was selected for them on account
of the safety and beauty of the harbor, (which affords
excellent anchorage , and is sheltered by several head-
lands, and by Cross Island, lying near its entrance,
about 30 feet high, and containing 400 acres,) the ap-
parent fertility of the soil, and its nearness to Halifax.
Owing to a brook which there emptied into the sea, and
to their desire to perpetuate the name of the Captain
under whose safe conduct they had come thither, they
called the spot where they stepped from the boat,
" Rous's Brook." There was close by a cleared piece
of ground, which on being turned up was found to be

HISTORY OF THE

very rich from the decomposition of clam .shells, im- Tl
mense quantities of which had been left there, either by Jane
the French or Indians. Another place of the same kind follovi
was discovered near the head of the harbor, and in its biishc
immediate neighborhood an old burial ground. Andrl

Mrs. Beechner, who came from Germany some time I*^
afterwards, and who died in Lunenburg at the age of and 11
ninety-six years, described the manner in which some of wouhl
these early settlers left home, .'is witnessed by herself. I to a j^
They assembled together at Klein Heibach, whither they Thos
were accompanied by friends and relatives. On the Creigl
morning of their embarkation, the church bell summon- Stein
ed them to special religious services, and great lamenta- mand
tion was manifested at their departure. j lot, a

Though it must always be a cause of sorrow to part were
from kindred and friends, and encounter the trials and
privations incident to beginning a new life in an unset-
tled country, and though we may well believe that the
brave and undaunted Germans and Swiss had this feeling
in all its intensity, on leaving their dear fatherland, yet,
in the prospect of happy homes for themselves and their
children, and the enjoyment of those peculiar privileges
which belong to British subjects in the Colonies of the
Empire, they bade adieu to the loving associations which
had clustered round them from infancy, and with fare-
wells on their lips, and sadness in their hearts, embark-
ed to cross the intervening ocean. We can imagine
them, having been led over it in safety by the guiding
hand of protecting Providence, touching what was to
them a foreign shore, and looking back on the bark they
had just left, as one of the last outward and visible links
in the chain between the old world and the new.

and aj

man

able I
ing tl
have
part,

lots I

ing

ci)n\

pass

abo^

hav'

be <

the

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

cither by
same kind
and in its

some time
tlie age of
'h some of
y herself, f
ither they
On the
summon-
lamenta-

^ to part
rials and
m unset-
that the
8 feelinjr
nd, yet,
tid their
'ivileges
of the
s wJiieh
h fare-
mbark-

tiiagmc
guiding
ivas to
k they
3 links

The first birth in the youthful community, was that of
Jane Margaret Bailly, which occurred during the night
following the landing, in a rude camp built among the
bushes, in the rear of what is now the residence of Mr.
Andrew Myra.

Preparations were made to secure shelter, and huts
and log houses were erected, as fast as circumstances
would admit. The town plot was laid out, according
to a plan approved of at Halifax by Governor Peregrine
Thos. Hopson, in six divisions, namely : Zouberbuhlcr's,
Creighton's, Morreau's, Rudolfs, Straesburgher's, and
Steinford's divisions, named after the officers in com-
mand. Each settler was allowed a town lot, a garden
lot, a 300 acre lot, and a 30 acre lot. Over 500 lots
were drawn, and registered in a list marked "examined
and approved," and signed by Patk. Sutherland. Each
man was required to enclose his town lot, and erect suit-
able buildings without delay. The cards used for draw-
ing the lots, were common playing cards, some of which
lia,ve been recently produced in Court, as evidence, in
part, of title.

Doubts having arisen, as to whether the registry of
lots of land imported a conveyance in fee simple, (hav-
ing been granted merely as lots, without any formal
conveyance under the seal of the Province,) an Act was
passed in 1760, 34 Geo. II. cap. 81, reciting the doubts
above named, and declaring, that all and every person
having a right to claim by virtue of such registry, shall
be entitled to a full and absolute estate in fee simple, in
the lands so registered."

The first Deed executed at Lunenburg, was dated
December 3, 1753, and was made by Henrich Kolbach

HISTORY OF THE

to AVcndcl Wust. Tlic consldcmtion money was one
pound, and Wust became entitled to the <?mntor'« riglit,
and claim to garden lot No. 11, in 4th division, letter
E; measuring 70 feet in front, and 1G5 feet in depth.
The witnesses were Sophia Wust, and Benjamin Bridge.

The first conveyance of land from one of the settlers,
recorded at Lunenburg, was a Deed dated IG November
1759, from Johan Casper Hoffman, to Johannes Haas,
of two house lots, in Zouberbuhier's division, for the
sum of fifteen pounds ten shillings. The witnesses were
Gotlieb Kochler, and Andreas Spannagel. The docu-
ment was registered on the 20th of the same month. .

Owing to the presence of deadly enemies, in the per-
sons of the native Indians, who murdered or carried off
everv settler thev could find absent from home, it
became necessary to provide without delay, suitable
means of defence. A militia regiment was formed, of
which Patrick Sutherland was Lieut. -Colonel, and Leo-
nard C. Rudolf, Major. Nine block houses were built
as defences, outside the town, and the new settlement
was enclosed with " a fence of pickets, sharpened at the
points, and securely fastened in the ground.*' Civil as
well as military authority being required, Patrick Suth-
erland, Sebastian Zouberbuhler, and John Creighton,
were in May, 1753, appointed the first Justices of the
Peace. . r • ;

Tradition says that during the earliest year of the
settlement, an incident occurred which caused much
excitement. When the ice broke up in the spring, some
of the boys were amusing themselves by moving pieces
from the beach, and taking a short pleasure excursion.
Two of them got into deep water, and were ' ' outward

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

bound," Avitli a fair wind. Boats not being yet l)uilt,
trees were fastened together, and propelled by boards or
sticks, by which moans the boys were overtaken near
Battery Point, and brought safely back. '

The Indians continued to harass the settlers, and at
length became so troublesome at Lunenburg and else-
where, that the Governor (Lawrence), offered a reward
of £30 for every male Indian prisoner above 16 years
old ; and £25 for his scalp, with a reward in proportion
for women and children.

It was necessary that men thus surrounded Ijy foes,
should, when obliged to go any distance from home,
have one of their number in whom they might confide
as leader ; and they were well supplied in the person of
Henry Maxncr, who, with hb' resolute spirit, and a
compass to guide him, would head the party venturing
into the woods. It would have been fortunate for old
Mr. Ilornish to have had his services, when, having lost
his way near Lunenburg, he found himself, to his great
surprise, after long travelling, and " beating the bush,"
on a sand beach at Lower LaHave, from Avhence he
was brought back in a boat.

The severe Hbor exacted from the men at Limen-
burg, in their duties at and between the different Forts,
in defending stockaded houses, and resisting the attacks
of Indians, made them ill-prepared to bear any addi-
tional grievance ; and in December 1753, a riot occur-
red, imdcr circumstances thus described in the original
record : —

^MMWi

HISTOIIV OF TJIE

" Memo, of tiie Rebellion."

"15th December, 1753.

"A report was circulated that John Peterquin, a French-
man, had received a letter from London, wherein it was
stated that Parliament had directed that each person should
receive one pound of bread, meat, pease, rice, hulled oats,
molasses, one pint of rum, stockings, shoes, shirts, clothing,
all necessary household ntensils, and also implements c
agriculture, and five pounds in cash. On hearing this, tl
people went in search of Peterquin, to get the letter, and
when they found him they imprisoned him in the cellar of
the blockhouse. When this came to the ear of Col.
Sutherland, he went with Mr. Zoubcrbuhlcr, Mr. Strasburg,
and Major lliidolf, and /eleased Peterquin, but he was res-
cued from them by the mob, and again confined in the block-
house, under a guard of ten men within the building, and a
number outside. Here he was detained until Sunday, when
he endeavored to effect his escape, but having betu disco-
vered by the guard, he was removed from the cellar into tho
body of the blockhouse, bound hand and foot, and threat-
ened, if he did not produce the letter. On Sunday morning
he declared that Mr. Zouberbuhler had received the letter
from him. In consequence of this the inhabitants were re-
quired to assemble on the parade, at nine o'clock, to take
measures for getting the letter from Mr. Zouberbuhler, or to
imprison him too. Then the people deliberated the whole
day, and sent hourly messengers to the Colonel for the letter,
or Mr. Zouberbuhler, and this state of things continued
during several days. There was a variety of opinions, and
a great uproar, some desiring one thing, and some another.
They wished to force the soldiers to compel Mr. Zouber-
buhler and the Frenchman to appear on the parade, and
undergo a public examination. At the same time it was
reported to the Colonel, that the Indians were near the town,
and in consequence, he took the precaution of providing the

IJJM. JMm^jL^jfii,.^.^ i:-.;

COUNTY or LUNENBURO.

store hoiifio with largo guns. But mcssongcrs from the in-
habitants immediately repaired to him, aud demanded to
know whether ho would remove the guns ogaiu or not. In
fiue, it is evident that they have taken the command iu their
own hands.

" On Wednesday the nineteenth of this month, Pcterquin
was examined by the Colonel, and declared that he had
given the letter to Zouberbuhler, and the time and circum-
stances of tlio delivery, and professed that he had nothing
against the Colonel, but entertained for him all due honoi
and respect. The people wore somewhat pacified when
Pcterquin made this declaration. All possible pains were
taken by Colonel Monckton, to ascertain the rights of this
affair ; and Pcterquin made a disclosure of the whole trans-
action to the Colonel, by wliich it appeared that Mr.
Hoffman shewed a letter of a similar import to that first
mentioned, to Pcterquin, on the parade, and told him that
A% he had received it from a sailor, and that Hoffman gave

Pcterquin directions how to proceed. In short, from
Peterquin's declaration, Hoffman was the instigator, and
cause of the whole mischief. The Colonel, hea ing that
Hoffman was at Harshman's house, sent an officer with a
party of soldiers, who immediately arrested and carried him
to the blockhouse. The following day he was brought
before the Council, and from thence sent on shipboard,
under a guard of twelve men, commanded by Capt.
Trickett."

*' John William Hoffman" (above referred to) "who
had previously been a Justice of Peace at Halifax, was
sent up on a charge of having* been concerned in the
mutiny, and was committed to jail. An indictnujiit was
preferred against him for high treason, but there being
only one witness, the Grand Jury rejected the 1)111. He
was then indicted for high crimes and misdemeanors,

- K l f '■ - '

■J^

HISTORY OF THE

found guilty of sonic of the charges, and sentenced to
fine and two years iinprisonment. Governor Lawrence
described liini as a niischievous fellow, and declared that
the iniiucdiate consequences of his liberty would he the
destruction of the peace, and harmony which prevailed
at Lunenburg, and wished that the Colony was rid of
him."

In 1754, the Government carrying out a suggestion
previously made by the Lords of Trade, and Planta-
tions, sent to the inhabitants, "74 cows, D67 sheep,
114 pigs, and 164 goats, besides poultry." One cow
and one sheep, or six sheep, one pig, and six goats,
wore allowed for two families. Sheep and i)igs Avere
divided between single men, according to their resjiec-
tive characters, the most deserving of whom received the
largest share. Li the same year, "31U houses, and 40
huts," had been erected. Traces of some of these old
houses have of late years been discovered.

In the same year the people of Lunenburg, taken as
a conuuunity, were considered as having made some
progress in improvement. Much industry had been
shewn in the tillage of town and garden lots. Before
the end of ]\Iay, "barley, oats, turnips, potatoes, and
flax, had been planted ; timber, staves, and hoops had
been cut," and canoes and boats were afterwards built.
The jirice of labor was not over " a shilling a day," and
firewood was supplied to vessels at "two shillings a
cord." At the end of the year five saw mills had been
erected on diflx^rent streams, and grain cro2)s are said to
have been plentiful.

Paul Boutin, elulian Bourneuf, Charles Boutin,
Francois Lucas, Sebastian Bourneuf, Joseph Gedri,

f(
O
t]

U]
C(
01

COUNTY OF LUXENBURG.

Pierre Gcdri, Pierre Erio, and C'laiulc Erot, with their
families, in all twenty-iive persons, having been l)ronght
from Cape Breton to Halifax, took the oath of alle-
giance, :md came to Lunenburg in the autumn of this
year.

Secretary's Office, 24th August, 1754.
Dear Sir,

♦ ♦ * * Tlic bearers licreof being
iu all twenty-five persons are just arrived here from Louis-
bourg from "whence they made their escape to avoid starving.
Some of tliem Avere formerly inhabitants of this country, and
arc nearly related to old Labrador; they have all taken the
oaths ; the Colonel desires you would treat them kindly,
ordered them to be victualled, to have tools given them, and
land laid out for them where you shall sec most convenient.

I am. Dear Sir,

Yours, &c,

Wm. Cotterell.

To Col. Suttierlaxd,

Coniniaiuliiig at Lunenburg.

One of the present aged inhabitants, thus describes
the style of the houses built in these earlv davs. Some
were constructed of round ])oles, and Avcro about six
feet in the post, and eighteen or twenty feet sfjuaro
outside. Others were of hewed tind)cr, about six inches
through. The roofs of manv were thatched. The doors
and shutters were made of two inch plank, when it
could be bad, and fastened with ivow bidts. A house
originally occupied by a German biewer, called Kailer,
(perhaps Koehler naioed in the list of gi'antees), now
in the occupation of John Kobar, still stands on its
original site. A small piece has of late years been
added to it. It is nine feet in the post, and the oil part

HISTORY OP THE

!►-

is about 2Gxl4 feet. The walls in the lower rooms
arc only six feet in height. Six steps lead to the rooms
above, which are still lower. The doors are of plank,
with massive iron hinges and bolts. Eobar, on repair-
ing the house, had new sills taken there, but the old
ones were found to be so well preserved, that they were
not removed. They were made of the best pine, free
from s.ap. The walls were filled in with hewed timber,
between the shingling, and inside boarding. There is
a well in one of the rooms, over thii-ty feet in depth,
in which, t 'dition says, money was placed in troublous
times. The building strikes the visitor, as if erected
for defence, as well as for a dwelling place, at a time
when every man's house was indeed his castle.

The writer has been told by an aged resident of
Chester, that some of the earliest settlers in different
parts of the county, built the chimneys of their leg
houses of sticks, the spaces between being filled in
with clay kneaded with straw. What would be called a
brazier in our days, was constructed of hard beaten
clay, about a foot or more in height, and slightly hol-
lowed in the centre. In this were placed coals brought
from the clay oven, in which the wood was burnt, to
heat the one room of which the house consisted.

The supply of rations, except for the aged and infirm
was discontinued June 14, 1754, and s<mie of the people
being very poor, their domestic comforts, already few,
were thus rendered even less. Their aged descendants
yet speak of this, and mention that sea shells were
substituted for wooden sj)oons brought fi-om (Tcrmany,
many of which had been lost, or injured, tli lUgh
specimens are still to be seen. Some were without

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

lij^lit, and did not know how to obtain it, when one
Herman told his neighliors to cut under the fin of the
dogfish, (then caught in large quantities), and take
out the liver, and the oil thus produced wo-ild supply
them with light. This plan was eagerly adopted, and
proved successful. Tea, coffee, and " sweetening,"
were luxuries to which many were strangers ; while
potato soup formed a chief article of diet. The men
wore stockings, and Ijrecches, fastened with buckles at
the knee ; and round jackets, made of rough cloth, or
homes] )un. Hats with small crowns, and large rims,
and wooden shoes, comj>]eted the outer clothing. The
hair was frequently plaited, and fastened behind with
ribbon, a custom remembered by persons yet living.
The women wore petticoats of linen made from native
flax ; with gowns of calico, or red baize. The head
dress was a calico cap or handkerchief; l)onnets being
unknown. Shoes or clogs, made of Avood, and some-
times })artly of leather, and ornamented with ^-ickles
covered the feet, and were similar to those Avorn by
peasants in the North of England, or the sabots of the
French. When the shoes or clogs brought from Ger-
many Avere no longer serviceable, they Avere re[)laced
Avith ncAV ones made by M. Jeani)erin, and others.
Those used for festive occasions, are described as having
been veiy neat in appearance.

A late Avriter in a British Magazine, states that
Avooden shoes are used in Germany, " in the plains and
near the sea coast." He adds that birch is generally
used, as it is " the toughest, most elastic, and least
liable to split. Farmers in remote districts often employ
themselves and thrir men during long Avinter evenings,

HISTORY OF THE

In sawing, Coring, and scooping ont wooden slioes for
tlicir household!!* ; in the same way as tliey dioj) up their
fire wood, make their hidders, and tlic wheels and axles
of their waggons. The manufacture of proj)er wooden
shoes is quite a separate trade. Makers of them ahound
in the villages of Lower Saxony. We recognize their
small dwellings at once, by the piled up l)locks of birch
wood, and the heaps of shavings outside of them. The
scooping out, the most important part of the work, re-
quires tools of peculiar foi-m, which have been used in
the remote villaixes on the moors and heaths of Ger-
many, since the earliest ages. One shoemaker can
make four or five pairs of wooden shoes in a day ; about
the number which a peasant requires in the course of a
year."

"Loose cotton" was purchased, and carded and spun
at home, Jis "spun cotton" could not then be otherwise
obtained. It was customary for the women to divide
their work, more than is done at present. In a small
settlement, or amongst a lot of neighbours, some women
woidd do the spinning, some the weaving, and others
the knitting. Firewood was then carried home by
hand. (Jrain was frequently threshed, and rocks drawn
from the land, by night, after the day had been spent
in hard work.

The first style of vehicle used for conveying w^ood,
and other articles, was made of native beech or birch,
the wheels being sections of the trunks of trees, witli
holes bored to receive the wooden axles. As for travel-
ling conveyances, none Avere seen until about fifty years
ago, when the late Rev. Thomas Shreve drove the first
gig ; the first four-wheeled carriage having been im-

COUNTY OF LUNEXBURG.

ported by the late Dr. Bolman. Previous to tliis, the
ladies were more acciistomed to horseback exercise, than
tiiose of tlie present day. Tiiey frequently rode on a
pillion many miles, behind their husbands. Those of
the people who depended on w.ater travel for their visits
to LunenburjT, and were unable to affoi'd the whole
expense of a boat, joined with their neiglibors, in their
efforts to build one for their conunon use. To remedy
the want felt by some of those who were not thus pro-
vided for, a ferry was established between " South"
and Lunenburg, by one Kolp. The distance was about
three miles, and the fare charged, four pennies for going
and returning. It is related of Kolp, that on one occa-
sion he had to regret the loss of his red cap, which was
sent into the harljor, bv the wind of a cannon ball,
whicli passed unpleasantly close to his head.

j\Iany of the original settlers had a superstitious be-
lief in omens, charms, and witchcraft. It is not to be
wondered at, however, when it is remembered that the
same notions prevailed in Germany. Ilauber says, that
157 persons were biunt at AVurtzburg, as witches, in
two years, some of whom were Vicars of Cathedrals,
and others sons of senators and noblemen ; and as late
as 1749, only four years previous to the settlement of
Lunenburg, jVIaria lienata was executed at the same
place for the like offence.

The Germans were not the only persons among
whom these superstitions were cherished. Some of the
English military settlers also brought with them ideas
of this description. One, at least, still survives, whose
log hut contains sufficient crosses of witch hazel, as well
as horse shoes, to drive away as many witches as ever
existed.

HISTORY OF THE

As the districts outside of the town became more
thickly settled, foot paths, with stiles at the different
fences, led from one liov se to another (as is now the case
at Blandford and elsewhere,) and in truly primitive
style, all lived happily t( gether. They were poor,
honest, true-hearted, God-fearing, self-reliant, indus-
trious people, and worthily represented the nations from
which they emigrated. The simple habits, and lan-
guage of their forefathers, were long retained, and
when the Rev. C. E. Cossmann came to the county in
1835, he could distinguish, by the different dialects, the
places in Germany to which many of their ancestors
belonged. We cannot understand the hardships and
privations to which these early adventurers were sub-
jected ; nor can we sufficiently estimate their indomitable
energy of character. They had to contend day by day
with obstacles, which, under less adverse circumstances,
might have been deemed almost insurmountable, and
were obliged to go forth, carrying in one hand the axe
to fell the forest, and in the other, a suitable weapon of
defence.

In 1756, Capt. Steignford, with fifty armed men,
went from Lunenburg to the Basin of Minas, and drove
away one hundred and twenty head of horned cattle,
and a number of horses, being part of the confiscated
property of the French Acadians. The party returned
to Lunenburg September 3rd., with sixty oxen and
cows ; the rest having perished on the way, all the
horses included. This was truly a hazardc > journey
made through an enemy's country, an enei.. who,
though uncivilised, was not wholly ignorant of some of
those resources by which successful Generals have been

COUlS'TY OF LUNENBURG.

1(1

largely aided, on modern fields of warfare. Tlie cattle
broiiglit to Lunenburg ' ' were drawn for in tlie jail
yard, in the preiscncc of the commanding ofKcer, and
other gentlemen useful thereto."

One of the curiosities of early times is a trunk made
of heavy birch plnnk, 4 feet inches long, 2 feet in
height, 1 foot i) inches in width, with a till 9 inches
wide, and one foot in depth, and having iron hinges of
great strength, and a massive German lock. It is said
to have been the first shop in Lunenburg ; and was kept
by Mrs. Born, wife of ISIartin Born, in a log house
built by him, nearly opjiosite the site of the Presbyterian
Church. This trunk was a depositary for calicoes,
ribbons, needles, and other goods, supplied by Mrs.
Bom's sisters, residing at Halifax. The German lassies
of those days, went, wc may believe, with as much
pleasure to purchase from JNIrs. Born, as our modern
belles now take in their visus to the more attractive
establishments of the present day ; and we can imagine
with what satisfaction that good old lady put aside what
she daily received, as an addition to her accumulating
treasure in that " deep till."

In a letter from Governor Lawrence, to the Lords of
Trade, dated Halifax, S(ipt. 20, 1759, referring to the
incursions of "the Indians and scattered neutrals," he
writes : ' ' Your Lordships will perceive from such
strokes as these," (taking of vessels) " how enterprizing
these people must be, and how difficult the poor settlers
at Lunenburg must find it to keep their ground and
maintain themselves on their farm lots, scattered as they
are in a circle of little les? than forty miles."

Peace was made with the Indians at Halifax in

;]2

IIISTOllY OF THE

Miircli, 17()0 — Paul Laurent, chief of Lallevc, being
one of tlie contractin<i^ parties, — and then beoan to dawn
that hai)py jjeriod, wlien, witli only occa-sional inter-
ruptions, every man could sit under " hi? own vine and
fig tree ;" and when, instead <*i' the wild whoop of the
Indian, his ears became accustomed to sweeter sounds;
the cheerful voices of his wife and children, calling him
from toil, to the rest and qu'et of his home. Additional
acres were cultivated, mills erected, and shallops ])uilt
to carry produce to market. President Pclcher, writing
to the Board of Trade, in December of the same year,
states : "I must not omit to mention to your lordships,
that the settlement of Lunenburg is in a very thriving
conditit)n, and that none are in want there, except the
sickly and infirm " ; and Andreas Young, in a letter to
his relatives in Germany, about the same time, informed
them that provisions were plenty, and that all he and
his people then wanted, was an Evangelical Lutheran
Minister.

On the 9th. of November, ITGl, another treaty of
peace was signed with Francis Mius, then chief of the
tribe of Indians at LaHeve. In the following year a
sloop was ordered to Lunenburg for its protection, in
consequence of *'the insolence of the Indians." There
is no doubt that the causes of disturbance between the
Indijuis and settlers, sometimes originated with the
latter. In this same year, we find that thirty Lalleve
Indians had assembled at Lunenburg, with others from
Ca})e Sable, to meet M. Maillard, ; and that one of the
inhabitants ' ' stole a keg of rum out of an Indian
canoe."

COUNTY OF LtJNEXBUUO.

CAPTURES.
In 17^0. tlio-^XiQcricjin l)ri<^ "Sally," from tlio French
West Indico, hound to New En^dand, laden with rum,
suj^iir, and mohisse-s, eanic to anchor near Limenhur^
harl)or, on the nii!:ht of the 24th Februarv. In the
niornini; ii hoat went from the vessel to the shore, the
crew of which were secured at a farm-house. As the
))oat did not return, n giin was fired from the l)ri<^, and
the American fiay: hoisted. She was attacked hv two
hoats from tlie town, with twenty-one, ( officers and
men), of the Militia, who quickly made her their prize.
In 1781, several persons belon^anj^ to Lunenburg,
were pressed at Halifax, into the Royal Navy. Their
hands were "tied behind their l)acks ;" they were
""carried throu<;h the streets like malefactors. Iodised in
guard houses, and carried prisoners on board ships oi'
war." The ( ourt of Quarter Sessions, was then sitting,
and the Grand Jury on the 8th of January made a pre-
sentment, in which they stated how largely the town
had been su])plied with the necessaries of life by Lunen-
burg, and Chester, and expressed their wish for some
more satisfactory mode of impressment. The gentle-
men of whom the Jury was composed, were AMlliam
Meany, William Graham, Kobcrt Killo, Peter McNab,
John Boyd, William iVlott, William Millet, Jr., John
Moore, William Carter, James Creighton, John Creigli-
ton, John Clcary, Kichai-d Jacobs, and Charles Hill.
On the 15th the Justices in Session conciu-red, request-
ing the Governor's interference ; and on the 22nd., Sir
K. Hughes issued his Proclamation, declaring that
"impressing men for the king's service, without the
permission of the civil authority, is contrary to, and an
3

irfSTOIlY OF TftK

outra^'ooiis bronrlj of rivil law ;" and callini^' upon all
ina<j^i."^trat('s, and other puhlio ofHcorH, " fo rcsit^t all
such att('n)j)ts, and hrin^ ofibndiMs to justice."

On the loth March, 1782, a Vrivatcer Sloop of ii
giniH from Boston, (\apt. Pott<'r, took the schooner
"Two Sisters," offCireen Island, and released her for
£80 in money, ten hushels (»f jtotatoes. twenty pounds
weitjht of butter, and two barrels of Hour.

INVASION OF LUNENBURG.

On the thirtieth day of ,lun-, 1782, Cai)t. Weidcr-
hold, who had just arrived at Lunenl)iir<^' from Halifax,
warned I>eonar(l NSchwartz and others of the prol)a})lc
arrival of an cneniy, and said, •' The Yaidvees are
coming to-morrow." Mr. Schwartz lived on what is
called jNIyra's Island, a little over a mile from tlic town,
an<l connected at low water with the main land. Map;-
dalena Schwartz, Leonard's wife, went out early to milk
the cow ; hearinfj a noise, she looked u]), and seeing- the
invaders, who had landed at the "' Blue rocks," coming
t)ver the hill, she dropped the milk pan, and ran into
the house with the alarming news. Mr. Schwartz
started for Limenhurg, and, though fiied at while ])as-
sing Kous's brook, managed to reach town safely.
The following is a copy of the statement sent to the
Government at Halifax, by Leonard C'. Kudolf, Esquire-

" Minutes of the Invasion, and suupkise of the town of

LUNENBLUG, ON MONDAY, THE IsT JdlY, 1782."

" At the rising of the sun, the town was alarmed by ihe
firing of a number of small guns, near the blockliouse and
Mr. Creighton's. The case was, that Mr. Creighton's ser-
voDt having perceived a large company of armed meu

COUNTY or LT'NKMlt'nO.

comin;; on the rond from the commons, luul noqiminted his
master thereof. The night gunril heing nheady gone off,
Colonel Creighton -with only five men, got into the hlock-
honse, nnd nt the approach of the enemy, they fired at, and
■wounded three men of the enemy."

*' The rehels directly divided in several parties, two of
which ran to our two hattcries, spiked the guns, hroke every
thing, turned the guns and balls down to the water ; some
remained at ]Mr. Creightou's, spoilt and burned his house
and effects; they took himself with the five men; and their
vessels being now come round the point, they carried the
Colonel, with the others, prisoners on board their vessels.
In the meantime other parties had overrun all tlic town,
entered every house, seized all arms, which they either beat
to pieces or kept, particularly the silver hilted swords and
regimentals, to themselves. When their vessels were in,
which were in all six, viz: one brigantiue, a large schooner,
a row galley, a sloop, and two small schooners, they landed
more men, with some small carriage guns, which they car-
ried up and placed near the old fort, with a main guanl to
secure themselves against our country people, that might
come in that way. Now ihey fell a plundering the chief
houses, and the shops, which Uiey cleared — the sufferers arc
chiefly t —

" Mr. Creighton — his house robbed and burnt.

((

Ditto. the store on the wharf cleared,
" Mr. Foster's store.

*' Mr. Jesseu's house spoiled and robbed.
" Knaut's heirs' stores robbed.
" Mr. Bohlman's store ditto.
" Mr. Woolenhaupt's stores.
" Mr. Donig's shop.
"John Christopher Rudolt's shop.
*' Mr. Munich's and several other small shops.

irrSTOllY OF TIW!

" Those arc to my certain knowlotlgo, hut there are mntiy
more robberies luid damaj^cs douc, whereof I am not yet
informed. I am not able to value the whole loss, but think
it will nearly amount to"——— (The sum is not named in
the paper kept by Mr. Rudolf, but Ilaliburton states it to
have been £12,000.)

" For town we arc at present almost without arms,
ammunition, provision, and merchandize; besides, I hear
they have carried off from some houses money — gold and
silver.

" The surprise was so sudden, that we had no alarm,
except by the report of the tiring at the blockhouse.

" When I saw that Colonel Crcighton was carried off, I
ventured to expose myself by going from house to house to
see matters, and if anything could be done. I was also with
Mr. De LaRoche to beg his advice, who afterwards ven-
tured with some principal inhabitants, to go on the vessel to
try what he could do for Mr. Creightou, but without
success."

The inliiibitantiS were in ^'cat consternation. While
some were resorting to measures of defence, othci's were
flceinu; from before the enemy ; and several were trying
to nuikc a safe deposit of their money, and valuable
goods. Colonel Crcighton, ]\Iathew Ernst, Ferdinand
Miller, Frederick Blysteiner, and two others, went into
the blockhouse.

A message was sent to Joseph Pernett'^, Esquire,
Lalluvc Ferry, who reached town in the evening with
UO or 100 men ; but owing to the lateness of the intelli-
gence, and bad roads, he was not in time to afford relief.
Had he arrived a little earlier, there is no doubt he and
his brave companions would have made the escape of
the enemy rather a difficult matter »

COUNTY or LUNENnUUO.

Sylvin, a colored servant of Colonel Crci^^liton, car-
ried the cartridj^es in licr apron from the honf*e to the
fort. She innst have heen hiif^ily eni[)loyed for she way
part of the time cn^a*;ed in protectin;/ the Colonel's Hon.
AVhen tiic house was fire<l at, whe covered him uith her
l)ody. A ntiml)cr of valuable coins, and a »[uantity of
plate were put in a \ni}r, which Sylvia placed in the well,
and which was taken out when the enemv had retired.
A ^Tr. Born was ur<^ed by his daughters, throuj^di par-
donal le fear, to deliver uj) his money, and it is said they
were about doiu'r it for him, when he called out, " dont
give it up for your lives," and it was safely deposited
in the <;arden. Tlu? house now occu[)ied by Lewis
Ilirtle, iis a hotel, was then the residence of D. C.
♦lessen, Ks(piire ; and musket balls were fired in the rear
of it, makin;;; two holes in the partition boards, inside
of the back door, one of which is still visible.

Two men, of whom it is said George Boehner was
one, started from the back harbor, in an opm boat, on
the morning of the enemy's arrival, reaching Halifax in
the evening, and the next day a shij) of war was off
Lunenburg ; but the Privateers had disaj)i)eared. On
the latter leaving Lunenburg, Christian Wambolt and
others were forced to pilot them out of the harbor.

The House of Assembly, on the 22nd Xovend)er,
1788, voted "that there Ijc paid to John Crcighton,
Esquire, Colonel of Militia, for the county of Lunen-
burg, for himself, a nou-comir.issioned officer, and one
private, (who were made prisoners at Lunenburg, and
carried to New England,) the sum of £106. 111. ()., out
of the arrears of the land tax due from the counties of

HISTORY OF THE

■ >
: \

Luiienl)ur«,% and Queen's county, when the same shall
be paid into the Treasury."

A gentleman who met in Boston Captain Stoddart,
formerly of the " Scammell," the leader of the privateer
fleet already mentioned, stated on his return to Halifax,
that he had enquired particularly about the family of
Colonel Crei<>hton, and said that he had "a ijreat rej^ard
for the old gentleman." Capt. Stoddart, in the same
;^'oar that he attacked Lunenburg, assisted in trking off
the crew of H. M. S. "Blonde," lost on the rocks off
Seal Island, south-west coast of Nova Scotia.

After the departure of the invading force above
named, the privateers continued to visit the coast, and
annoy the inhabitants ; and Capt. Bethell arrived at
Lunenburg in the same year, with a detachment of
troops, who took up their quarters in the wind njill
Battery. Several armed vessels were alsO sent by
Governor Ilamond, for which he ret- Ived the thanks of
the Council, Assembly, aiid principal inhabitants of
Limenburg.

Peace having been made between England and
America, the inhabitants of Lunenburg were relieved of
their anxiety ; — a marked advancement was made in
material prosperity; and in 1791, there were in tLo
township of Lunenburg "388 families, numbering 2213
persons," many having removed to other districts.

MURDER OF THE BOUTILIERS.

In the winter of 1791 one of those terrible tragedies,
whicli, coming suddenly, startle conmiunities with their
terror, occurred at Lunenburg. George F. Emeno
aged 70 years, who had brought up a family respectu-

COtrVTY OF LUNENBURG.

blj, and scciii-cd for liimsolf and his i)artncr a compe-
tency for their decliiiin<,^ years, lived on tlic first penin-
snLa not far from tlie town. Two men, Jolm Frederick,
and George Frederick Boutilicr, one of them beinjj^ god-
son to Mr. Kmeno, went on a visit to him, secretly in-
tending to roh liim of his money. Like many otheris,
who, checiced by conscience, cannot bring themselves at
once to tlie actual commission of crime, they left him,
and subsequently returned to his house, Avhere they had
alwavs been most kindlv treated, and were invited to
remain for the niiiht. Mr. Emeno went to the barn for
some straw witli whicli to make them a l)C'd, and when
near the house on liis return, was brutally murdered by
the elder Piounlier with a hatchet or axe. The two
Boutillers then re-entered the house, and killed Mrs.
Kmeno in the same manner. The only other inmate
was a grand-daugliter of jNIr. Emeno, who, trying to
esca|K,', was halfway through the window, when she was
dragged l)ack, and also murdered. The Boutiliors car-
ried the old man'»s bc^dy into the house, to which they set
fire, in order to burn up, as they vainly hopetl, all tra-
ces of their guilty deed. They then reversed their
snow-shoes to make detection in)possible, but " murder
will out," and blood being fouml on the premises
aroused suspicion. The Boutiliers were pursued, and
captured in a hut near Bedford Basin. They were tried
at Lunenburg, and convicted of wilful nmrder, and, just
outside the town, sutlered the extreme

j)eimlty

iw,

A few hours l)efore the murder, Afr. Emeno and his
son Frederick who lived a short distance from him, were
■working together, and divided between them a j)iece of

HISTORY OF THE

red chalk. The elder Boiitilier, after tJie murder,
transferred to his pocket all that was about the person
of Mr. Emeno, the piece of chalk included, which,
when found, fitted exactly with the piece in possession of
young Enieno, and this formed the strongest link in the
chain of circumsiantial evidence, on Avhich the prisoners
were found guilty. Before execution the younger
Boutilier made a full confession of the crime to Kev.
Mr. Money. They were l)iu-ietl on the farm where they
had formerly lived, at North West.

INCIDENT AT CREESER'S COVE.

Between sixty and seventy years ago, two French-
men and an Englishman went to the house of Georffc
Creeser, Lower LaHave. They had left Halifax in a
ship's long boat, intending to escape to the United
States, and wore wrecked near LaHave, at which place
they became a cause of annoyance to the inhabitants.
In endeavoring to get from the beach to Mr. Creeser's
shallop, of wliich they meant to take possession, the
boat upset, an(' one of the Frenchmen was drowned.
He was buried at the five houses. The others remained
at Mr. C^;eeser's for a day or two, were taken to Lunen-
burg, and thence to Halifax. The surviving French-
man jdaced his hand on his side, and made signs to Mr.
Creeser to take out something, and he removed a double
barrelled pistol, which is now in possession of Jamee
Creeser, Creesei';? Cove. The body of tlie deceased
Frenchman was, it is said, disinterred by persons from
another district, in hopes of finding money, which it
was believed had been buried with him, as the survivor
had a belt filled with gold pieces. If those avIio searched

COUNTY OF LUNENBURO.

111 a
nited
place
ants,
scr's
the
ncd.
lined
mcn-
iich-
Mr.
uble
amcB
easicd
from
eh it
Ivivor
I'chcd

wove suocossful, tliey are not to be envied the use of
Avhat ihcv obtained bv thus rol)bin2; the dead.

]\Iri^. Creeser, wlio is still living', saw these runa-
wavs, and savs that one of them wore epaulettes, and
tliat they Avere aljove the position of ordinary seamen.

ERECTION OF NEW BLOCKHOUSES.

War haviiiu' been aijain declared in 1812, former
fears were renewed, and those mudi dreaded enemies,
the privateers, were again on the coast, ready for t)"^ir
destructiA(! work. A long continuance of peace nad
been looked foi", and the forts and blockhouses had
fallen to decay. F(mr new biockhouses were now
erected — one on the hill near the town, the site of the
old fort, mounting two nine, and four t\velve pounders,
two small guns, and two brass field pieces ; another on
the site of old fort Boscawen, Battery point, l)uilt of
stone and wood, and mounting four twelve pounders ; —
a third at Lower Laliave ; and a fourth at Kini>sbur<x.

CAPTURE OF LUNENBURG VESSELS.

During the war just referred to, a number of Lunen-
burg vessels were makln<»' a vovajj^e home from the
AVest Indies. A brig belonging to John X. Oxner,
commanded by Capt. Robert Brenmer, being convoy
to the fleet. Brenmer had arranged to fire a gun every
nvornlug at sunrise, and the re})ort was one day beard
by an American })rivateer, Avhieh bore down, took the
whole fleet, and carried them to American ports, (^ne
of these vessels was a large topsail schooner, of which
John Arenberg was captain, and part owner. C' ristian
Born, Frederick Khuland, Conrad Rhuland, and I'l'^ii)

HISTORY OF THE

J!
If

i'il

Arenl)or<j: — names still well known in the county — were
also owners. The crews of these vessels were exchanged
for Americans who had been taken prisoners by English
ships. This disaster was a severe loss to the owners,
most of whom were young and enterprising men.
They had, under the circumstances, however, to expe-
rience with others the " fortunes of war."

Some of the Lunenburg merchants, in order to
redeem their losses, purchased a privateer in Halifax
that had been taken as prize, called her the "Lunen-
burg,"' and appointed Joseph Fait, captain. She has
been described as a long, low craft, and a very fast
sailer ; a number of vessels were taken by her, but she
failed to make good the damages her owners had pre-
viously sustained. Among her prizes was a large
American schooner, which was afterwards new topped
and changed into a brig at the late Charles KudolFs,
Lallave river, and called the "Lord Exmouth." She
sailed for Halifax, to load for a port in the l^'^est Indies.
When outside the ri^ er, an American privateer called
the " Fox," met her off ]^ise head. The crew of the
" Lord Exmouth" were told by the captain to " bundle
up" their clothes, as he would run his vessel ashore if
the " Fox" came too close. The position of the trwo
ships was seen from Lunenburg, and about thirty men
went out, in three large boats. The " Fox" retired,
and the ' ' Lord Exmouth" was taken into Lunenburg
harbor, and lay there three days, as the former vessel
was seen from blockhouse hill dm'ing that period, as if

The " Lord Exmout

n* j)rey. llie " Jjortl
<r down to Halifax in the niirht.

escaj)

runnm<

Lunenburg coasting vessels were taken by American

COUNTY OF LLNENBUUG.

-were
lauged
English
wners,
men.
I expe-

(Icr to
Halifax
Liinen-
5he has
}iy fast
but she
lad pre-
a large
f topped
Lludolfs,
1." She
t Indies.
r ealled
,v of the
' ' bundle
shore if
the two
rty men
retired,
Imenburg
ir vessel
)d, as if
escaped

imerican

privateers, and sometimes l)urnt, after being r»)l)bcd of
what was on board. The pcoi)le at ]\Ioser's Island once
Avitne^sed a grand sight in the burning of two vessels at
ni<dit, wliile drifting; seaward. The Americans were
very troublesome to the ])eople inhabiting this and other
Islands. Being less protected than those on the main,
they were frequently o])ligcd to leave their houses.
They hid their money under old stum[)s of trees, and
carried the rest of their goods to liitcy's Cove, and
other places, for safety, and from time to time took
them back in small quantities. The crews of the i)riva-
teers were so bold in their visits to these islands, that
tl»ey removed the cattle, and emptied the cellars. At
"Iron l)oun(l" they once acted as if determined to secure
everything within reach, and were only persuaded to
desist on ))eing assured by ]\Ir. AVolf that a member of
his familv was danffcrouslv ill.

A I^unenburg vessel returning home from Halifax,
was chased bv the in-ivateer " Sweat.'' Havinir an ex-
perienced pilot on board, she ran in among the ledges
at Ileckman's Island, and was followed by her pursuer.
The latter went ashore, and was never got off. She
Jiad heavy guns on board, which were seen on the island
%iianv years after.

i On another occasion a privateer went in by "Oxner's
phoal,"' off the entrance to Lallave river. jNIrs. Oxner,
atill residing in the neidiborhood, was in the garden
i^picking cherries, and heard cries from the crews of three
Imall coasting vessels, which were being closely })ur-
6ued. She called her husband and bravely followed
him with a fire brand to the fort on the hill above their
house, where they fired a gun, and hoisted a fiag, as

^- *

HISTORY OF THE

i4'>

III ,

signals for the people to assemble. A shot from a
twelve poiimler, tearing up the water, hit the enemy
under the bow, when she turned about, and made for
Ironbound island.

A shot fired from another privateer anchored off the
same shoal, entered the dwelling of Mr. lihynard at the
*' five houses ;" and cannon balls, and chain and grape
shot have been dwf out in the neio'hborliood, and at
other places on the sea coast, within the county.

SEARCH FOR MONEY AT HECKMAN'S ISLAND.

About forty years ago, a party of plcasui'e went from
Lunenburg to Ileckman's Island, where they Averc told
by ]Mrs. Ileckman that a strange vessel had ancliored
off the island, a few davs before : that the crew had
landed at " Ilobson's nose;" and that she could sec
them at work witii crowbars, as if searching for a place
in which treasure had been previously deposited. After
examining several spots, they left a crowbar standing in
the ground, near a broken tree, and walked round the
point out of sight. Shortly afterwards they returned on
board, and in the course of the day landed at Heck-
man's Island, made various enquiries of Mrs. Ileckman
about the different parts of it, and went again on board.
In the night they revisited " Hobson's nose," and com-
menced to dig at the place where they had left the crow-
bar ; then went round to the point with lanterns, and
were ajjain hid from view. They left the Bav about
davliijht the next morninin:. Tlie inlanders then exami-
ned the place, and saw blocks and ropes left in the trees,
and underneath a hole which has been described bv5
others as sixteen inches in depth, lined with paving

COLXTY OF lUNEXBUUO.

Vom i\

enemy

[idc for

off the
(I at the
l1 grape

and at

LAND.

ent from
,'crc told
anchored
n-cw had
could see
,r a place
I. After
[Uidlng in
)und the
turned on
at Hcck-
Ileckmaii
on board,
and coni-
\]\c crow-
rns, and
;iv about
n exami-
the trees,
L-ibcd by

th pav

niL

fctoncs from the beach. 'J'hore were indlsputal)lc marks
of the removal of a box or cask. On the point before
referred to, wns found a second hole, from avIiIcIj a pot
or vessel of triome kind had been taken. Mrs. Ileckman
was a person of undoubted veracity, and tlic visit of the
strangers is corroborated by an old inhabitnnt, who told
tiic writer that he, with his father and brothers, were on
b(,ard their vessel off Long Island, when the ^schooner
referred to passed close alongside, and they saw the
crew land at Ilobson's nose, and walk up the beach, as
described by Mrs. Ileckman ; that they visited the
island after the strangers left, and saw the holes above
Imentioned. If the early treasure seekers at Oak Island
[had made "• Ilobson's nose" their centre of operations,
they might perhaps have there discovered what they
searched for in vain at the former place.

EELIGION.

CHURCH OF ENGLAXD.

t" 111 A[)ril, 1749, the Society for the Propagation of
he Gosijcl, was informed bv the Lords of Trade and
iPlantations, that in each of several townships to be
iPornied in Xova Scotia, a particular spot would be set
^part for building a Church, and 400 acres granted in
|)erpctuity, free from quit rent, to a minister and his
luceessors ; in pursuance of which the Church (called
St. John's,) was built in Luncnl)urg 'at the expense of
Government A. D., 1754, and was the first English
^'luirch Ijuilt in Nova Scotia, after the erection of St.
hud's, at Halifax.' " The frame of the building was
irst put together in Boston.

' I

HISTOKY OF THE

-ill

The Jievercnd Jean Baptixfe ^rorreau,* " formerly
a Koinan Catholic Priest, and Prior of the Ahhcvof St.
]\Iatlic\v at Brest, had been received into tliecoimminion
of the ('iuireli of Kiigland." He first })rcached at Hali-
fax, and afterwards accom})anied the ori<i;inal settlers to
Lunenhuri;', in 1753, and had service every Sunday on
the Parade, (where the Holy Communion was adminis-
tered, " under the blue sky, to two hundred at a time,")
until the Church was erected. There were tlien more
than two hundr(;d, German and French, regular com-
municants. ]\Ir. ^Morreau, in writing to Halifax, spoke
of " the great mcn'tality that had befallen his people,"
and stated that *' ')() families of Lutherans, Calvinists,
Presbyterians, and Anabaptists, had become worthy
members of the dmrch." Mr. Morreau ministered in
three languages to his congregation, and also acted as
*' Missionary to the Indians, several of whose children
he baptised." He died in 1770. Mr. Morreau was
the father of Coi-nvvallis Morreau, the first male child
born in Halifax, and named in the Lunenburg (Jrant.

Hev. liohert Vincent. — The following minutes were
recorded at Halifax : —

1 7G 1 , August 7. " Advised, that Rev. Robert Vincent bo
appointed to minister at Lunenburg. Salary, seventy pounds,
and twenty pounds per annum as schoohr ter tliere."

August 13. " Advised, that Rev. R. Vincent be admitted
to celebrate divine service in the church at Lunenburg, and
there perform all rites, and ceremonies, according to the
usages of the Church of England, alternately with the Rev.
Mr. Morreau; and that Colonel Sutherland be requested to
adjust all matters relating to the church between them."

* Mr. Morreau came to this Colony in the " Canning," Frigato,
CapUiin Andrew Dewar.

l^^

COUNTY OF LUNEXHITKO.

nuerly

r of St.

minion
t Ilali-
tlers to
(lay on
(Iniinis-
timc,")
Mi more
ar com-
X, spoke
people,"
ilviiiists,

worthy
stered in

acted as

cliildren |
ivaii ^vas

ale child
(I rant,
utcsj were |

incent bo
|ty pounds,

'C.

admitted
^biirg, and
ifT to tho
the Rev.
Iqncsted to

hem.

The .'ihovc-naincd clerpynian conjuuMU'cd his duties
as ^Missionary and Sclioolniastcr in 1702. Of" liini it is*
stated tliat " he was rcniarkaldc for indefatluahlc appli-
cation, and moderate conduct in the course of his
mission." ft was believed that " his perseverins^ in his
dutv, even hevond bis strength, shortened bis davs."

liev. PuhIus JJri/zeliun, (formerly a I^iitberan
Minister,) had l)een " ordained by tbe l^isbop of I^on.
don to tbe charge of the German mission at Lunen-
bur<;," and was for a time contem})orarv ^\ Itli ]\Ir.
Morreau. lie received warm enccmiums from (iovernor
Franklin, and Cliief Justice Belcher, for the success of
his labors, particularly among the young-. " At Easter,
17()^<, forty-six young persons Vicre for the first time
brouji'bt bv him to the Holy Communion." lie held
three services on each Sunday, in Kngiisli, French, and
German, respectively. Praver books in (lierman were
sent out from home for his congregation, and be trans-
lated Lewis's Catecliism. In September, 17(5!), he re-
turned " the number of children in bis mission under
twelve years of age, at (184, of whom he had himself
baptised 1211. At Easter, 1770, iiis English, French,
and German communicants Avcre 201, of whom thirty
were then admitted for the first time. This faithful
servant of God was struck with apojdexy wbilc preach-
ng, on Good Friday, 1773, and expired in half an
onr." His place of residence at the time of his death,
>'as the property now occupied by Mathew Ernst, Esq.,
ear Lunenburg.

The liev. Peter De La lioche, a native of Geneva,
as ordained to " the cure of Lunen' ' ^--' "

r^y

— • »Vbout tliis time, the Rev. Mr. Muhlenburg, (Pre-idcnt

L," Frigate,

IIISTOUV OF TlIK

of tho Lutlicran Synod, Pliiladclphiji,) had Ixjon applied
to by (.*alvini!<ts and LutlieraiiH, to sM[)ply tluin with a
missionary, lie advised tliom " still to adiiere to the
('inn'ch." For tliis advice he was tlianlu'd hy the Hali-
fax connnittee, who re({nested "that no declaration or
measure should be at any time used, to disturb or pre-
vent the (^dvinists and Lutherans in the full exercise of
their religious j)riuciplcs, and mode of divine worship."
In 1773, through the agency of Mr. I)e La Ivoche, " n
schoolhouse was built for the French, by his people,
who aided in the su})port of the s(;ho(ilmaster." Mr.
De La lloche studied German, and in 1775 was able to
officiate in German, French, and English. At Easter
in the same year his conummicants in those tongues were
respectively, 120, T)!), and 30. lie felt, with his people
*'the want of provisions during the American war ;" the
assistance then received from the people, Ijeing very
vsmall. During his residence at Lunen})Urg, he " })ub-
lished several excellent sermons, and a connnentary on
the four Gospels.' One of these sermons was entitled
* The (ios})el of (yhrist preached to the Poor,' ' Repent
ye,' c^c. — St. Peter in Acts, iii 19 ; ])rinted at the
author's expense. To be given, and not to be sold.
' Freely ye have received, freely give.' — Jesus Christ
in Mathew x. 8."

The other clcrgvmen \vho have had charjic of the
parish, have been respectively. Revs. jNIessrs. Money,
Shreve, (father of late Rev. James Shreve, D. I)., and
Rev. C. J. Shreve, now residing at Chester, — successive
Rectors of that parish,) Ferryman, Ai'' in, Cochran,
(now of Trinity Church, Halifax,) and the present
Rector, Rev. H. L. Owen. Rev. George W. Hodgson,

stal
\vl

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

ith a
() tlic
llali-
on or
r pvc-
ciec of
it^lup.
le, " a
people,
' Mr.
able to
Easter
ics were
s people
ar ;" the
11 <r very

" pub-

\tary on

entitled

Kepcnt
at the
be sold.
i5i Christ

•c of the
;Money,
1)., and

niccessivc

I Cochran,
present

llludgson,

A.M., for 8ome time aesistant clcrfryman, has been
succeeded !)y Kcv. J. Padficld.

The corner stone of the new tower, was laid, with
appr(»priate ceremonies, l)y Rev, James C. Cochran,
nth July, 1H40.

The parish i*cgistcr is in a hook w*hich, from 'ts date
and first entries, nnist have l)cen begun in Halifax ; and
as it is continued in the same writing, without remark,
it is difficult to tell when the Lunenburg registry com-
menced. The first entry after the date of the landing of
the settlers, is : " 17f)3, June 13, baptised Charles, son
to Johannes and Gertrude Van Hoboken."

The first registered marriage after the same date :
*' July 10, 1753, Ulrick Ilubley to Anna Cath. Treffian."

The first death recorded after same date : "June 20,
David Lancert."

Under the registry of baptism of " Franklin Bulkeley
Gould, son to Rev. Peter De La Roche, and Ann his
wife. May 27, 1773," the fact is noticed, that he was the
first child innocdated for small pox, (25th September
1775.)

The only three deaths recorded in 1773, were Hon.
vSebastian Zouberbuhler, 31st January, aged G8. He
was one of the first magistrates at Lunenburg, and for
some years received a pension of fifty pounds out of the
Parliamentary vote. Rev. Paulus Bryzelius, 9th April,
being Good Friday, aged 60 ; and Frederica C. Jessen,
23rd November, aged 16. They were all buried under
the church. Of the interment of Mr. Bryzelius, it is
stated, that he was " buried exactly under the pulpit,
wherein indeed he died."

HISTORY OF THE

PRESRYTERIAN.

Aiuonjjj tljc first settlers, were "a nuuibor of porsonH
I belonj^inf^ to tlic Dutch Keforincd Church," who were

for some time without the services of a specially ap-
pointed minister. A church was built by subscription
i in 1 709. A delegate who was sent to Germany, brought

back some money, and also a communion service, which
is still in use. Application was made to the church in
I Philadelphia for a minister, but ther^ were congregations

I there requiring pastors, and the church at Halifax was

requested to supply the want at Lunenburg. 31)'.
y ^^ Bridn Romcas Cominrjo^ (commonly called Brown,)

Q''^^*Xft-^,.,^.40-'^fi8 ordained in Halifax, July 3, 1770 — "Mr. Kaul-
bach, and Mr. Shupley, having there renewed the call
of the congregation." Objection was made to the ordi-
nati(jn, l)ecausc Mr. Brown was not a thoroughly cduca-
I' '''^, ted man. The church at Halifax, fully considered the

ij objection, declared themselves justified under the circum-

stances in what they were about to do, and cited from
' ' the minutes of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel, A. D., 1768, the ordination of the Rev. Philip
(^uaque, as a missionary, catechist, and schoolmaster,
for the Gold coast." They said: " We do not mean
that our procedure in this aflfair should be made a prece-
dent of, or brought into usage in this infant colony, or
elsewhere, unless in cases of necessity, as above men-
tioned."

"The Right Hon. Lord William Campbell, then

Governor, and several members of his Majesty's council,

!!| were present during the ordination services." The sermon

was preached by Rev. John Seccombe, M. A. of Ches-
ter, from John xxi. 15, IG. Mr. Brown was born at

)

rorXTV OF LUNEXnURG.

o were
illy ap-
cription
|jn)U<i;ht
;, which
lurch in
etrations
fax was
. Mr.
Rrown,)
L-. Kaul-
thc call
the ordi-
[y cduca-
icrcd the
circum-
tcd from
of the
. Philip
Imaster,
)t mean
a precc-
lony, Ol-
ive men-
ill, then
comicil,
e sermon
of Ches-
at

born

Leuwanlcn, in tlic IVovince of Gronini^en, in Holland,
Octoher ITiii, and canic to Nova Scotia in 1752. His
name is iii< hided in the orijiinal list of j<ettlers at Chester.
Mr. lirowii lived in Lnnenhnrf]^, as pastor, for ahout
half a cent'iry, and died in 1820, aged ninety-six years,
after a life of faithful service to his Master, havinjif
larjrelv ai<l-d the advancement of relif^ion, and heing
universally respected and beloved. His son resides at
Lunenburg.

Mr. liriiwnwas succeeded by Jicv. Adam Moshelh\
who was sent for from Heidleberg, through He v. Mr.
Temme, Lutheran minister. Mr. Moshelle was born at
Manlu'im ii (Jermany, came ^o Lnnenlturg in 18'
returned t<i (iermanv in 1837, and died at Hohensachsen
near Heidi* herir, aged fiftv-three vears. His widow
resides at li'-idgewatcr.

Mr. Mu-helle's successor was the llcv. Donald A.
Fraser, who came from New Glasgow, lived in Lunen-
burg about five vears, and went thence to Newfound-
land, where he died.

Mr. Fraser was succeeded, in 1843, by the Rev.
>\'illiam Duff, of Perth, Scotland, who is still pastor.

The present church was built about forty two-years
igo, in the time of Rev. A. Moshelle, by free subscrip-
tion, at a cost of twelve hundred pounds.

LUTIIEKAN.

The Lutlieran church was built bv German settlers,
1770-71. The first sermon was read in the church by
one of the original settlers, on the twentv-fourth Sundav
after Trinity, 1771. In 1772, the congregation received
a German Lutheran minister, through the Rev. Mr.

HISTORY OF THE

•A

MulilenbcTf]^, who was considered the fatlier of the
Lutheran Church in America, having been sent out by
the celebrated Professor Franke. This first minister was
the Ilev. Frederick Schultz, who resigned liis charge in
1782. His successor was the Rev. Johan Gottlob^
Schmetsscrj from Sorau, in the kingdom of Saxony,
Germany, (belonging since 1815 to Prussia). He was
born March 22, 1751, studied in Halle, was ordained in
Wernigcrode, and commenced his ministerial duties at
Lunenburg, Ist May, 1782, and died, after arduous
labor, December 23, 1806. Mr. Schmeisser was fol-
lowed by liev. Ferdinand Coyirad Temme, of Braun-
schweig, who was born 12th March, 17 63, studied in
Helmstadt and Gottingen, and was ordained in Wolfca-
bauttel 1787. He arrived in Philadel[)hia in November
1807, and having accepted a call from the Limenburg
congregation, 5th February 1808, he commenced his
duties on the first day of Mav, in that } ear, and died
in 1831. Two of his daughters reside in the county.
A request for another minister was sent to tlie Univer-
sity of Halle, and the Rev. Carl Ernst CossmanUy
the present German pastor, came out to fill the vacancy.
He was born at Sachsenburg in the Province of Saxony,
kingdom of Prussia ; frequented the colleges of Frank-
enhausen, and Goerlitz ; studied in Halle, under
Tholuck, Gesenius, Uhlmann, and Thilo, was ordained
in IMerseburg, and arrived at Lunenburg 17th January
1835.

Tlie bell of the old church, was nmg for the first
time on the 11th August, 1776.

The new church was built 1840 and 1841, at an
expense of about £1200, by free subscription, and
was named the *' German Lutheran Zion cluu'ch."'

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

The money ehcst kept in the old church, and
brought from Germany is quite a curiosity. It is about
four feet long, by fifteen inches wide, made of very
hard \vo(jd, and lined with iron. The corners, on the
outside, arc also covered with iron, and bands of the
same material are placed round the front, ends, and
part of the back. It is fastened with three locks, two
of which are of peculiar construction. Through a hole
in the cover was passed the (udlection made on each
Sunday. The chest is stamped in the four comers, and
centre of the top, and in other places with an ornament
of circular desigr The hinges, and lock fastenings
are secured with heavy rivets.

Two black boards, and tickets of large size, pasted
on wood, with numbers from 1 upwards, are still to be
seen. The boards were formerly placed, in accordance
^vith an old custom, on the sides of the church, and the
numbers of the liymns to be sung, with the verses, were
put on them by the sexton before the time for service,
so that the whole congregation might know where to
find the words, without waiting for their announcement
by the minister.

The plate used in the celebration of the Holy Com-
munion, was presented to the church, at different times,
by D. C. .lessen, and Philip Rudolf, Esquires.

METHODIST CHURCH.

The ]\[ethodist church at Lunenburg was built in
1813. Rev. Georrje Orth, who preaclicd in German,
was the first settled minister. He built the mission
house with his own means, and, assisted by others,
secured the erection of the church.

/ii

HISTORY or THE

I J'

The first preacher in English was Rev. I\I. (now
Dr.) Richey, who was in Lunenburg for a few months
in 1824. The following ministers of the Denomination
have also been stationed there : Reverend ^j Thomas*
Davis, George Miller, Henry Pope, John ^Marshall,
Wm. E. Shenstone, Wm. Webb, John Snowball,
William Wilson, Roland Morton, Joseph ILut, Charles
Stewart, Ricliard AVeddall, James Buckley, and John
Teasdale, who is now at Petite Riviere, where a hand-
some church was not long since erected, llov. George
H. Iluestis, is the present pastor at Lunenburg.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL.

The Roman Catholic chapel at Lunenburg, was
erected in 1840. A dwelling house for the officiating
priest Mas built on the same block. Rev. Mr. Kcnney
was then the resident clergyman, and was succeeded by
Rev. Mr. Doyle.

Chapels have since been erected at Chester, and
New Ross.

CENTENARY CELEBRATION.

The seventh day of June, 1853, was the Centenary
of the founding of Liuienburg. The following pro-
gramme of proceedings was prepared :

Mi.cutes of Celebration Committee.

Decided that 25 rounds be fired from Barrack hill.

25 ditto at Rous's hill, after the Oration by the Hon.
Wm. Rudolf.

25 ditto at 4 p. m., at Blockhouse.

25 ditto at sunset, at ditto.

That John Ernst promise to get men to attend field
pieces, and make cartridges.

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

was?

and

Hon.

1(1 field

P'occssion at 10 o'clock A. 31., from Cotiri House.

First Artillery Company.
Band.
Volunteer Company.
Sheriff, mounted on horseback.
Ministers, robed.
Magistrates.
Gentlemen of the Bar.
Doctors.
Citizens.
Children.
Final fire works at \ past 8 p. m., from Blockhouse hill.

On the Sunday previous, Hcv. II. L. Owen preach-
ed a sermon in St. John's Church, liaving reference to
the event to be celebrated on the following Tuesday ; on
which day the inhabitants of Lunenl)iu'g and the sur-
rounding country, kept high festival, in commemorating
the landing of those who gave to Lunenburg * ' a local
Hiabitation and a name," and laid the foundation of that
Iwcalth and prosperity, which, in the short space of one
luuidred vears, became on every side so clearlv discer-
nible. Men they were, who well deserved to be thus
#held in remembrance ])y a grateful posterity. ]\Iay each
I succeeding centenary find the county advancing still
more rapidly than it has hitherto done. At sunrise on
§the day named, a salute of 25 guns was fired from
IMockhouse hill, accompanied by the ringing of all the
: bells in the town. Appropriate services were held in
i St. John's church at ten o'clock ; after which a proces-
sion of the inhabitants, headed })y the sheriflT, magis-
trates, and other county ofiUcials, marched to " Kous's
l^rook," where an oration was delivered by the Hon.

■\':
1

si .^t

HISTORY OF THE

William Rudolf, in which he gave an account of the
landing of the first settlers, on the spot where they were
then assembled, after a long and tedious voyage ; and
also of the perils and hardships they had endured,
tlirough the early years of the Settlement. At noon,
twenty-five rounds of cartridge were fired ; and the pro-
cession reformed, and marched through the town. A
third round, of twenty-five guns, was fired at one o'clock
from Gallows hill, by the artillery company ; and the
assembled thousands amused themselves in a variety of
ways, until sunset, when the last round of twenty-five
guns was fired from Blockhouse hill, and a disj)lay of
fire works, at the same place, closed the deeply inter-
esting proceedings of the day. To commemorate the
occasion, an oak was planted, on the hill where the
Academy has been recently erected.

THE VERITABLE "OLDEST INHABITANT."

Mrs. Kaulbach, mother of Sheriff Kaulbach, at-
tained <e age of one hundred years, on the eleventh
day of February, 1869. Of her descendants, 119 were
still living, while 44 had preceded her to rest. The
whole number included 14 children, 61 grandchildren, 83
great grandchildren, and 5 great great grandchildren.
She yet retains the use of all her faculties, except that
she is in some measure deprived of hearing ; recollects
the events of her earliest years ; and reads and knits
without spectacles. On the above named anniversary
of her birth, she received at her residence in Lunen-
burg, more than 100 visitors, and, in the evening,
entertained a large number of her relatives. Before the
latter separated, prayers were offered, by Rev. H. L.

fii

T .,H.«WI

COUNTi' OF LUNENBURG.

it of the
hoy were
age ; and
endured,
At noon,
1 the pro-
own. A
ne o'clock
and the
i^ariety of
venty-five
lisplay of
ply inter-
lorate the
vhere the

NT."

bach, at-
; eleventh

119 were
est. The

Idren, 83

children,
cept that

ecollects
md knits
miversary
Luncn-

evening,
3efore the
H. L.

Owen, witli thanks for God's extended goodness to His

aged servant. This venerable lady has now passed her

I one hundred and first year. On the day on which she

* attained this great age, she went out for a sleigh drive,

and dined with the Hon. John Creighton.

OTHER AGED INHABITANTS OF THE COUNTY-

Mr. Valentine Zwicker, brother to Mrs. Kaulbach, re-
sides at the Blockhouse settlement, near Mahone Bay, and
takes active exercise, havingpassed his ninety-eighth year.

Thomas Cotton Hallamore, a native of Falmouth,

England, now residing at New Cornwall, is ninety six

years of age. He came to this country in the brig

" Jane," with General Bowyer, when he was sent out

to relieve General Ogilvie. In the autumn of 1809,

the writer saw him in his son's barn, removing with a

fork, tlie straw, the grain from which had been

threshed out, and on enquiring about his health, the

I reply he made was : " Oh, I am very well you know,

f only a little deaf." He spoke of John Wesley, whom

f he knew intimately. He had heard him preach, and

met him frequently at his father's house.

George Jodry, living at North West, is ninety-five
years of age, and quite blind. He remembers distinctly
the events of his early days.

There are still a number of aged people in the
count v, whose mother tongue is the German. Thev
arc to be seen, in many of the houses, busily engaged in
reading religious German books ; and. especially the
heavilv boimd Bible, which their ancesL'tors brouj;ht from
"dear old vaterland ;" evidently preparing for that last
journey, on which, the lengthening shadows warn them,
they must soon set out.

iT-

/.:,

HISTORY OF THE

s t

!*!

MAHONE BAT.

It is Kiikl that this name was originally given to the
Bay because it was a place much resorted to by pirates,
and as their vessels were low crafts, often propelled by
long oars called sweeps, the French word Mahonne,
which means "a Venetian boat," was very approj)riately
employed to designate the bay, and was sub^erpiently
anglicized, and extended to the village on it- shores.
Being, as it is, so intimately connected with tlie earliest
history of the place, to say nothing of its eui)]iony, it is
to be ho[»ed that no further attempt will be made to
change it.

Capt. Epln'aini (yook, who commanded one of the
transports that brought out the original settlers, and
who had ex[)ended a large sum of money in the im-
provement of land at Halifax, proposed in 1754 to
establish a settlement at Mahone Bay, and took Avith
him a blockhouse, (the " private blockhouse*' which
will be mentioned under "Miscellanea.") "A Govern-
ment sloop was furnished for his assistance ; a party of
Rangers was sent for the protection of the settlement ;
and at his rctpiest, his friend Capt. Lewis, was appoint-
ed to command them. Col. kSutherland at Lunenburg,
was directed to supply him with such aid as he might
require, and to reserve any land he might wish to
retain."' He was probably the same Ephraim Cook who,
as master of the schooner " Snow Edward," Avas cnga-
ijred from October 1755 to June 175(), in as.-istinfj to
convey the French Acadians out of the Province.

Li 1778, "two hundred and fifty acres of land on
the east side of Mahone Bay, were granted to David

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

5{)

I Ellis'; wlio fled from Rhode It^land in 177(), rather than
renounce his allepjiance to the l>ritis«h Crown."

One of the orij^inal settlers at the Bjiy wan John
Ivcdy, who came with hitJ father from London, and with
jhis brothen^, Alexander and William, bought the mill-
seat on ^[ushanuK«li river, Ptill occupied by their de-
scendants. Z wicker, Ernst, Kooder, Loy, Ham,
-Mader, Snieltzer, Swinehannncr, Moser, Eiscuhauer,
Lantz, Keizer, Vienot and Ilyson, were among the
first settlers on the west side of the Bay.

The first dwelling built on the same side, was erect-
ed by Peter Zwicker, grandfather of Valentine Zwicker,
j Senior, of block house, near the site of the Hotel
Waftcrwards owned by Mr. Alexander Zwicker.

Persons now living, can remember when the land to
the water's edge, was nearly all covered with licech and
maple ; while groves of oak crowned the opposite hills.
Less than forty years ago, that part of the village where
Dr. Gray now resides, was covered with a forest of
pines, into which, on the approach of winter, boats
were carried for shelter. The Lidians e'icamjied in the
same neiuhborhood.

On the east side of the Bay, one Kneiss Iniilt a mill
on or near the site of that now owned by John Kaul-
i)acli, Esq., and in order to obtain sufficient force to
drive it, the early settlers dug an outlet from the lake, a
distance of a quarter of a mile, through which water
has ever since been furnished in plentiful supply.

The Lidians were as troublesome at Mahone Bay as
elsewhere, and piles of wood, and inflanunable materials
were always ready for lighting on the surrounding hills,
to give warning of their approach. C'omnumication

HISTORY OF THE

was kept up between the forts at the Bay, and Lallave ;
for wliich the militia had often to work day and night.

The writer was informed by an aged inhabitant,
(Mr. Valentine Zwicker,) that when some of the first
settlers Avere buried, there was no road to the grave
yard, and they were taken thither in boats from what is
now the village. He also described a snow storm in
those early times ; and said that on one occasion it
stormed for nine days, successively ; that in many places
the snow had drifted to the depth of fourteen feet, and
was four feet deep on a level in the woods, where, the
tops of the small trees having been cut off, oxen travel-
led without difficulty, and that persons were unable for
some time to get to their barns to feed the cattle. This
man was obliged to go shortly afterwards to Lunenburg,
and called at the house of Joseph Selig, the front rooms
of which Avere darkened, from the windows being
blocked up Avith snow. The boys were coasting from
some of the chimney tops to the street, and the weather
was so intensely cold, that men skated over the frozen
surface of the drifts, from the Bay to Lunenburg. The
dead were carried on hand sleds to the place of inter-
ment. He also spoke of the hard work that had been
done by the people, and said he used, by laboring into
the night, to get out one hundred cords of Avood in a
season ; and that it was quite a usual thing to cut and
haul two loads, or to haul six loads, in one day, from
the blockhouse +o the bay, a distance of tAvo miles.
Wood sometime sold for $6, and $0.50, per cord, and
flour vvas $20 a barrel. Grain, and other crops, yielded
plentifully. The Avriter's informant farther stated, that
in one year he raised 97 bushels of rye, 100 bushels of

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

LaHuve ;
kI night,
iiliabitant,
P the first
the grave
n what is
storm in
ccasion it
any places
feet, anil
rt'here, the
ien travel-
unable for
tie. This
unenburg,
I'ont rooms
)\V8 being
iting from
le weather
le frozen
. The
of inter-
lad been
>ring into
'ood in a
cut and
lav, from
o miles,
ord, and
s, yielded
ited, that
ushels of

oats, and an immense quantity of potatoes, which were
go generally abundant, that they sold for sixj)ence a
[bushel. lie had some so large, and with so many
'prongs," as he called them, that he offered to wager
that he would tie a half a bushel of them together, with
a rope, and carry them a half mile ; but that he could
not find a man to accept the challenge.

Mahone Bay is as great an emporium for cord wood
as ever, and that, besides the lumber furnished by the
numerous saw mills, in the sun-ounding country, forms
a chief article of export. The Bay has for some time
been justly celebrated for its shipl)uilding ; and owes its
su[)eriority in this art, chiefly to the Langilles, and the
Zwickers, who may be called self made men, and who
if they had followed their occui)ation on wider fields of
action, would have won a far larger share of fame.

There are four pl.aces of worship in Mahone Bay ;
the Church of England, (Rev. Wm. H. Snyder, Rector,)
erected in 1833, the first service having been held July
# 14th, in the same year, during the Rectorship of Rev.
J. C. Cochran, who preached the sermon taking for his
text Gen. xxviii. 17 — Mahone Bay being then included in
the parish of Lunenburg ; a building for some time
used as a Union church ; a Presbvterian church erected
in 18G1, (Rev. E. McNab, Pastor,) and a Lutheran
church, recently built. The Rev. P. J. Filicul, (now
of Weymouth,) was the first resident clergyman, and
was succeeded by the present Rector, above named.

Rev. ]Mr. Shiels, of the Baptist body, also resides
at the Bay, but there is no place of worship yet erected,
belonging to the Denomination.

The inscriptions on the oldest grave stones in the

HISTOUY OF THE

parinli church yartl, cannot be all deciphered. They
commence with the following line in German : —

"Hier Ruhct in Gott."

From one we learn that a pers^on, (name illegible, jj
was born in 1700, and died in 1787 ; while on another
it is recorded that the occupant of the grave beneath,]
was })orn in 1714, and died in 17(Si).

Mahone Bay is a rapidly imju-oving village. Mucli
taste is shewn in the style of the buildings erected
within the last few years. A\'ith a fine agricultural
country in the rear, and excellent lumbering and
shipping facilities, it nuist make still greater progress.
The beautiful scenery of the Bay Is elsewhere described.

Mush-a-]Mush river, em})tying into the Bay, is con-
nected with big Mush-a-Mush lake, distant from tht
salt water 1)etween ten and twelve miles. This lake i;^
fed by several small lakes. There is a half a mile of
still wat(n' on the river, about six miles from the Bay ,,
Langille's lake in the rear of blockhouse, and Long lakc!
northward of the main stream, empty into it. Fourteen j
saw mills, and three grist mills, are in operation on tho |
]\Iush-a-]\Iush.

Martin's river, a few miles cast of the Bay, at the.
boundary between the townships of Lunenburg and*
Chester, has its source in Pig lake, distant twelve miles |
from the sea, and is connected with several smaller
lakes, one of which is called Western lake. There arc|
some falls or rapids on the main stream ; and four saw
mills, and one grist mill are in operation.

COUNTY OF LUNENRUUG.

G.'l

m1. Thov

illcgil)le,)
jii smother
c beneatli,

^c. Much
f^8 erected
n'ricultural
lering and
• progress.

described.!
av, is eon*'
t from the
his lake iv-^
I a mile of
1 the Bfiy.

ijong lak(
Fourteen

ion on th(

ay, at tht

jurg anil

elve milc-

il smaller

There arc|

four saw

NEW GERMANY.

This Is one of the most thriving agricultural districts
in the county. The first settlement was made to the
north of what is now known as Chesley's corner, by
[)ersons from Lallave, principally of German origin,
about sixrv years ago, and is distant eighteen miles
from Brid^^cwater. John Fieiidall built the first log
liouse. Those who followed him into the woods were
Jdhn ]\Ii;ilman, William AVoodworth, and Thomas
Penny. The latter was a very robust man. He carried
a bushel and a half of potatoes on his back, from
Bridjjewat. r to his new home, when there was onlv a
pathway chopped out.

The fiv-r settler at Cheslev's corner, was one Con-
(lore, foil' wed by a Cierman named Gross. About
thirty-five years ago, Messrs. John Chesley and others
moved thtio from the county of Annapolis. Nathaniel
Morgan, (father of Edward Morgan, Esq.) built a saw
and grist mill, previous to which the inhabitants had to
travel twentv miles with their grists, and nearly as far
for lumber.

AA'hat i.> now known as the back settlement of New
Germany, distant about eighteen miles from Mahone
Bay, was commenced by Messrs. Simpson, Kamey,
Hawksworth and others, about forty-two years ago.
Farhiing and lumbering arc the principal occupations of
the people. Those who took possession of the forest,
were men \vell fitted to convert the ground it covered
into the fertile fields which now greet the traveller's eye ;
and to substitute for the temporary habitations at first
erected, those substantial dwellings which gi^'e evidence
of their owner's comfort and independence.

^
.\''i

11,

HISTOUY OF THE

New Germany has places of worship bolonijing to
the (/hurch of EngUmd, tlic Baptists, and Methodists,
and is sii[)pli(!d with six school-houses. The only resi-
dent minister at present, is the Kcv. AVilliani Hall,
(Baptist.) The first service at New Germany was held
in 182«, or '211, in the barn of Mr. Fiendall, (father of
Adam Fiendall), by Rev. James C. Cochran. When
on missionary visits, in those early days of the settle-
ment, he sometimes slept on a moose skin, placed on
the floor. lie frequently officiated in Mr. Woodworth's
kitchen, aided by a small candle, and fire li<(ht. The
first building erected for divine worship, was built in
1844, the lumber for which was taken from Bridge-
water. It was consecrated by the late Bishop Inglis,
and called " the Church in the wilderness."

A large number of straw hats are manufactured at
New Germany, and conmiand a ready sale.

The settlements of Maitland, New Cornwall, and
Northfidd, lie between ^lahonc Bay, and New Ger-
many. Churches and school-houses have been built,
and the people arc making progress in agricultural and
lumbering pursuits.

OVENS.

The *' Ov^ens" are situated on a peninsula a mile and
a half in length, and three quarters of a mile in breadth ;
distant four miles by water, and thirteen miles by land,
from the town of Lunenburg ; and have long been
objects of attraction to strangers visiting the county.
They are deep caverns w-orn in the sides of the rocky
cliff, the largest of which is about eighteen feet in
height, and forty feet in depth. The sea, when moved
by a storm, rushes into them, with a noise like the

'in

COUNTY OF r.UNENBURO.

oclists,
y rcsi-
' Hall,
ii8 held
thor of
When
settlc-
iccd on
[worth's
. The
built in
Bridge-
Inglis,

ured at

ill, and

rrport of heavy cannon. There is a legend, that an
Indian who entered the largest oven in his eanoe, made
his exit at AnnajMiliH. A few years ago a party went
into the same oven at low water, and the tide, returning
faster than they expected, upset their hoat, and rendered
their eseape difficult.

The northern side of the peninsula "is a ridge"
formed chieHy of quart/ite and slate ;" and its southern
side is ♦♦ principally composed of metaniorphic slate,
containing thin scams of quartz."

The Ovens were hrought more prominently into
notice, on the discovery there of auriferous (piartz by
James Dowling, Esq., on the 13th June, 18(11, in a
vein three quarters of an inch thi(;k, on the "hlutf,"
and in July following, .lolm Lawson, Kscj., then (xov-
crnment Surveyor for the county, discovered gold in the
sand on the shore. Claims were eagerly sought after ;
many persons went earnestly to work, and the result,
i^ gave promise of a plcntifid supply of the precious metal,
and imparted a stimulus to the prosperity of Lunenburg.

The leads of quartz at the surface, arc generally
small, being composed of a number of very thin veins..
As their depth increases, the leads increase in size, and
richness. Veins of three quarters of an inch at the
surface, have, at a depth of twenty feet, increased to the
thickness of five inches.

The official returns from 18G1 to 1804, shew 1,282*
ounces of gold from the Ovens district, of which over .
1000 ounces were from alluvial washings in 1801 and-
18G2. These were found in a cove *' formed by the
rapid disintegration of the slates, into which the sand of'
the shore, and debris of the slate with gold, had been

66 HISTORY OF THE

collected." It is said that a few lots on this beach were
"sold for $4,800, with a reservation of one quarter;
and after, as it is believed, a large amount of gold had
been removed." The gold appears in "jagged grains
and scales, as if it had been melted, and suddenly-
cooled." Several nuggets were obtained. The largest
was attached to a piece of reddish colored quartz, and
weighed one ounce and a half.

An assay of gold from the Ovens, gave from 100
parts —

Gold 93-06

Silver 6' 60

Copper 0-09

Iron — a trace

99.75
It was estimated that the quantity of gold obtained,
gave a slight average over one ounce per month, to
each miner employed.

It has been declared by scientific men, that gold
abounds at the Ovens ; but capital and labor are re-
quired, to a much greater extent than has yet been
supplied.

[From Report of Commissioner of Mines for 1869.]

'• The works in this district, principally carried on by
Smith, McKay and associates, by whom a considerable
amount of labour was performed, have not as yet been at-
tended with very satisfactory results. The Waddelow mine
at Indian Path has been to a large extent idle, at which I
am the more surprised, as, from the appearance of the lode,
when visited by me in 1868, I had every reason to believe
it would pay a handsome profit ; and I strongly suspect that
the want of success is largely due to the crushing and

.f bv

COUNTY OF LUNENBUKO.

h were
larter ;
Id had
grains
iddenly
largest
tz, and

100

93-06
6-60
0-09

99.75
btained,
)nth, to

lat gold

are re-

et been

amalganratmg apparatus, particularly the latter, which, like
the appliances generally used ia the province, is only adapted
to secure the coarse free gold."

" Mr. J. R. Waddelow, in a recent letter, furnishes the
following :

' Little has been done this year. Some prospecting was
done in tlic summer ; in consequence of the discovery of some
larjre and rich surface boulders we found ten or twelve lodes
of various sizes up to five feet, some of which shewed gold
very well, but we did not find either of those which we were
looking foi-. However as no natural impediment to pros*
pecting exists in the locality, and as our trench did not
extend more than about 125 feet, there is no reason why
they should not be found.

' We also made some tests of surface earth from dilferenl
parts of the property, amounting in all to about 25 tons,
which gave sufiicient to shew that several aci'es of it might
be taken away and crushed at a profit of about a shilling a
ton ; this, though insignificant in a small way, would amount
to a great sum of motley on the many thousands of tons which
exist here, besides, of course, uncovering the lodes. * * •

' We have discovered beyond a doubt tliat a large pro-
portion of gold was lost in our earlier crushings, as we always
suspected, but never could prove. We find now that ail the
flowered mercury that we can wash out of the tailings con-
tains from 4 to 6 dwts. of gold to the pound, and therefore
since 80 lbs. of mercury were lost, from 16 to 24 ozs. of gold
were also lost. This is rather an important discovery, as it
raises the total average returns from 6^ to 9 dwts., which
would of course be -a very satisfactory yield on a large lode
like ours.'"

EINOSBURO AND R0SEBA7.

Kingsburg, upper and lower, wns settled originally
by families, named Moesmnn, Keizer, Knock, and
Hautman. The last mentioned sold their proiwrty, and
removed <^o other districts. Many descendants of the
settlers above-named, still reside at Kingsburg, and
elsewhere in the county. They have always been a

HISTORY OF THE

frug'a], saving people, which has often ena])led them to
loan money freely. Kingsburg was called, at one time,
" a bank f c Lunenburg ;" and a number of young men
have been enabled to start in life by assistance there
obtained. Perhaps there is no })lacc in the county
where the sterling virtues of the first settlers arc more
fully displayed, than at Kingsburg. The simple habits
of the j)eoplc liave ensured to many of them a good old
age. Charlotte Kegina Douglas, daughter of the late
John Mossman, attained to one hun(b*ed yc^ars and ten
months ; and her only sister, iSIrs. Henry Lohnis, died
in her ninety-sixth year; while Abraham, their youngest
brother, was over eighty years of age at his decease.

Roscbay, near to Kingsburg, is prettily situated.
Small islands, with white sand beaches, which form a
pleasing contrast to the green trees above them, make
up, with the village itself, a charming picture, as it
meets the eye of the traveller, on his emerging from the
woods Ivinu: between the two settlements.

RITCY'S COVE, CREESER'S COVE, AND FIVE
HOUSES, LOWER LAHAVE.

The Coves above-named, are inlets of the Lallavc
river, and with the Five Houses, are situated on its
eastern side, nearly opposite Fort Point. 1 hey are all
places of some importance ; on account of the fishing
business carried on in vessels owned tlun'c. Excellent
farms add to the means of wealth enjoyed by the people.
In these settlements, .as well as at New Dublin, busy
scenes are witnessed on the return of the fishermen ; and
the flakes which line the shores for miles, are often cov-
ered with choice codfish and haddock. Oxncr's hill,

oungcst
3sise.
ituatcd.
form a
I, make
e, as it
iVom the

FIVE

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

at Lower Lallavc, commands a fine view of the river,
and the Dublin shore.

The f?ettlement of Five Houses, was named origin-
allv from tlie number of its dwelHngs, which have been
increased of late years. On a hill above it, may be
seen the mounds of an old defence, and a cannon, used
when privateers were at hand.

OXNER'S BEACH.

The largest sand beach in the county, is near the
mouth of Lallave river, between Mrs. Oxner's and the
" five houses," and is over eightv-two acres in extent.
Persons now living can remember when it was nearly
covered with forest. Stumps of trees are, in some parts
of it, still vi>;il)lc, but it is otherwise entirely destitute of
all traces of vegetation. At low water it is travelled on
foot, or in carriages, whereby nuich of the main road is
avoided, and the distance materially lessened. When
the tide is in, it is crossed in boats.

Lallavc
on its
are all
fishing

Ixce

llent
people.

n, busy
Ml ; and

ten gov-
's hill,

TOWNSHIP OF NEW DUBLIN.

The first landing in the township of New Dublin, of
which any account is given, is that of Lescnrbot, a
French lawyer and poet, who called at Lallave on his
way to Port Koyal, (now Annapolis), in July, 1607;
and of whom it is related, that he found there " a mine
of marcasite of copper."

" Li 1()K}, a French lady, the Marchioness de
Guercheville, fitted out an expedition ; the connnand of
which she gave to M. de Saussaye." The caj)tain of
the sliip, which was 100 tons burthen, was "Charles

HISTORY OF THE

Flory (le Ilablcville. The whole party, crew and pas-
sengers, the latter including two priests, numbered
forty-eight persons ; who sailed from Honfleur, March
12th, and made land at Cape LaH6ve on the 16th
May." Arrived at the harbor and river Lallcve, (Fort
Point,) "they planted a cross with the armorial bearings
of their patroness affixed, and said mass ;" (pn>bably the
first Christian service performed in the county,) and
thence ])a8sed on to Port Royal.

Sir William Alexander, by Letters Patent, granted
in 1630, to Sir Claude de St. Etienne La Tour, and his
son Charles, a district of country, one boundary of w^hich
was " unto Mirliguesche, near unto and beyond the
Port and Cape of LaLeve," &c., " with power to build
towns and forts."

"In 1632, Isaac de liazilly, a Knight of Malta,
who was Commander in Chief as Lieutenant General
for the King, made LaHeve his residence ; commenced
preparatit)ns for carrying oii the fisheries, brought set-
tlers from France, to whom he gave lands, and at his
decease, supposed to liave been in 1636, had established
there forty families of agriculturalists." In 1634, he
" built a fort on a hillock of land of three or four
acres." This was doubtless the defence of which the
ruins are now seen at Fort Point. " He treated with
great kindness, while resident at Lalleve, a crew of
Connecticut seamen, who were wrecked on the Isle of
Sable in 1635."

After the death of Isaac de Razilly, " his property
went to his brother Claude, by whom it was transferred
to M. D' Aulnay Charnise, who was Isaac's successor in
the Government of Western Acadia, while T^a Tour still

COLT^TY OF LUNENBURG.

governed the eastern part. LaHevc was under the
Government of La Tour, though occupied by Chamige,
who received instructions from his king not to change
any tiling in the settlement of LaHeve, or the porta
thereto belonging."

"Charnise, in 1643, went to war with La Tour, by
whom he was conquered, which caused him to flee to
Port Royal," whither he had already removed the
ll famUiei 'rom LaHeve.

"In 1051, La Tour received a new commission as
Governor and Lieutenant General of Acadia ; and
LaHeve was again settled."

"Emmanuel Le Borgne, a creditor of Charnis^,
after the death of the latter, obtained in 1654 an order
from France to take the lands of the deceased ; and a
party of his men in passing by LaHeve, on their way
from Cape Breton to Port Koyal, set fire to all the
buildings, including the Chapel, by order of LeBorgne."

' ' After the surrender of Port Royal to the forces of
Cromwell, under Sedgewick, which caused LaH6vc
among other places to revert to the English, a son of
Le Borgne returned to Acadia with a Rochelle mer-
chant, named Guilbaut, and erected at LaHeve a wooden
fort for ils defence."

' ' The English on receiving notice of Le Borgnc'e
movements, went to dislodge him. The latter fled to
the woods, while Gilbaut remained at his post, and so
well defended his position, that many of the English,
including the commanding officer, were slain. Gilbaut
having been warned of a second intended attack, and
having no special interest at LaHeve beyond the pre-
een-ation of the property brought from France, surren-

ill

HISTORY OF THE

dered, nc .'ind liis men being allowed to retain that pro-
perty. Le Borgne was driven from the woods by
hunger, and taken by the victors prisoner to Boston,"
or, according to some accounts, to London.

On the Uth August, 1056, Cromwell granted to
La Tour, Thomas Temple, and William Crowne, the
country contained within the following bounds : " Com-
mencing at ' Merliguesche,' and extending from thence to
Port Lallcve, following the coast to Cape Sable ; and
thence by other described courses to Pentagoet," (or
Pen()l)scot,) " and the river St. George ; and further on
to the first habitation made by the Flcnunings, or Freiich,
or by the English of A^ew England." The rent reser-
ved, was twenty beaver skins, and twenty moose skins
annually.

Lalleve seems to have been esteemed in those early
days a place of much importance, judging from the
frequent mention made of it in negotiations for pos-
session of lands in Acadie.

In 1(>()7 the whole country was ceded to France by
Charles the Second of England.

M. Perrott, who had been Governor of Montreal,
was transferred as Governor to Acadia, in 1084, and
the next year he asked the French minister to grant
him Lalleve " as a seigneurie, with a frontage of twelve
leagues on the sea coast, beginning at Port Rosignol,
(now Liverpool), on the west, and ten leagues in depth
inland, with " high, middle, and low justice," and all
rights of fishing, trading, and hunting, under the quit
rent of a gold cix>wn on each change of property." He
asked for "fifty soldiers, (including fifteen seamen) , with
the thirty then in garrison, to be maintained at the

t\\

bel

fo(

ofl

COUNTY OF LUNENBUIU}.

kinjjf's cxi)ense ; a corvette of ten guns — eirrht and
twelve pounders — a coast pilot ; and a Misisionarv, to
be likewise sup{)ortcd. Cannon were to ])e furnished
for the fort, Avitli the requisite amnninition and utensils
of war ; also tools to rebuild the fort, with twelve barrels
of tar, and three hundred blocks or pulleys, of all sizes.""
Perrott further requested permission to "collect va^rrants,
and C(»ini)el them to settle in the country ; and stipulated
that the soldiers should be allowed to marry, giving^
them, as in Canada, fifty livres, or an equivalent.'' On
these conditions, " he offered to put the fort of LaHave
in a state of defence ; to build there a dwelling house,
etorelujuses, cazernes, and a giuird house ; to erect a
mill, settle a village, and collect inhabitants for the
shore fisheries by the advances he would make them ;
and further agreed to build a church."' lie described
the place as "most convenient for his purpose, and
within three days journey of Port lloyal and Minas, the
most populous places in Acadie. In order to incite the
people to the culture of the land, he promised to buy
their corn, and assured them of the profit to result from
the fisheries." It is not recorded that any reply was
made to this request.

In 1()<S(), the defences at Lalleve had been long
abandoned. A census taken in that year, gave for
Lalleve and Mirliguesche only "nineteen souls, eighty-
three acres tilled, one pig, and nine fusils. The sur-
names in the list were Provost, Labal, (Petite Kiviere)
Vesin, ^lartin Le Jeune and his wife, Jeanne, (an
Indian woman,) and two children, Michel, Gourdeaux,
La Verdure, Petitpas."

HISTORY OP THE

' J'

Brouillon, who was sent out as Governor of Acadia,
visited Lallave in 1701 ; recommended building a fort
there ; said it w.as ** already fortified by its hapj)y situar
tion ;" and ought to be "immediately occupied, and
become the principal place in the Province." He also
planned to have a road made to LaHave from Minas.
By the formation of the road already surveyed from
Clearland to New Koss, such a communication as
Brouillon desired will be completed. At a later date he
again urged on his Government " the building of a fort
at Lallavc, for which he was very anxious, as the
Pirates were ruining the people on the coast. He also
planned the establishment of a look-out party, to speak
men-of-war in the spring, and give him news from
La Belle, France."

In 1705, a small privateer from Boston "• burned
the dwellings, and almost the inhabitants, who had
then begun to settle at LaHave."

Subercase, who was Governor of Acadia, j)roposed
LaHave in 1708 as a chief port, and place for building
vessels ; and said the people were ' ♦ excellent workmen
with axe and adze, and only wanted a few master ship-
wrights and caulkers" to superintend them. " He
urged on the Government, as Brouillon had done, the
erection of a fort ; requested that a frigate or two should
be sent to cruise on the coast, and added that the
Bostonians had a project of seizing LaH6ve, and making
a station there, and but for the high price of provisions
he thought they would have done so."

" The English again obtained Acadia in 1710, and
Ponchartrain, in a letter to the Intendant of Rochelle
and Rochfort, pointed out the necessity of expelling

•%■-.,

COUNTY OF LUNENRURG.

' Acadia,
g a ft)rt
)y situa-
ied, Jind
lie also
I Minas.
cd from
ation as
r date he
of a fort
, as the
lie also
to speak
W8 from

■' burned
A'ho had

)roposed
uilding
orkmen
cr ship-
'*He
3ne, the
o should
that the
making
ovisions

10, and
iochelle
spelling

th'^rn, and forming extensive depots »t LaHeve and
Chedabucto, and corresponded for that ol)jc( t among
others, with the most opulent traders of St. Malo,
Nantes, and Bayonne."

"In 1720 Governor Hiillips wrote to the English
authorities that * Acadia would never be of any impor-
tance in trade, unless the seat of Government was
removed either to Port Koseway, (Shelburne), Merlr-
guesh or LaHeve.* He also recommended that more
settlers should be sent to the latter j»lace."

Even in early days, Lallave made its influence felt
at head quarters, as may be judged from the following
Council held at the Lieut. Governor's house, Annapolis
Royal, 11th May, 1720. " The Council considered cer-
tain objections of the French inhabitants of Annapolis
river, to send two delegates in place of two previously
sent, but not qualified." It was advised and agreed,
" that it is for His Majesty's service that means be
found out to send to LaHave, for Monsieur Pctipau,
with all expedition, who it is thought may be of great
use and service to this Government in the present cir-
cumstances of affairs, and that Mr. John Broadstrect, a
volunteer in this Garrison, is thought the most proper
person to send on that expedition."

Nothing now remains, beyond historic records, and
ruins, to shew that the French were actually here, and
OAvned and occupied the coast from Lunenburg to Petite
Riviere. We cannot recall the memories that cluster
round the district where they lived, nor think of the
nation to which they belonged, with any other feelings
towards the departed, than those which spring from
brotherly kindness. Like the British settlers by whom

HISTORY OF THE

tlicy wvw, followed, they exiled themselves from home,
and friends, to spread their nationality over a wider
field. Thev endured the severanec of the sanu! lovin;;
ties, and encountered the same difficulties ; and as fellow
raenihcrs of the one f^rcat human family, all that per-
tains to their history is replete with interest. At Fort
Point, now strewn with ruins, how many happy hours
were passed in days of yore by those whose bodies now
mingle with the dust beneath. There the jrliidsome
voices of merry chihb'en were heard, and all the endear-
inji; attractions of home were known and felt. The hills
and vales, at morn and even, echoed the sound of the
bu<i;les from the (larrison; and the solemn music of the
Cha[)el bell minf^jed with the incessant {)rjiise of ocean,
and turned heavenwards the thoughts of those who, in
obedience to its summons, entered to worship the "one
living and true God."

The ruins of the Fort, and of the Chapel, are dis-
tinctly visible. The outer bank of the Point yet con-
tains a portion of the wall, built up by the French ; and
judging from what is left, it must have been a substan-
tial piece of masonry. In the face of this wall, about
ten feet from the top, was a circular aperture, walled
round with stone, which the inhabitants, who saw it
before it had fallen, suppose to have been a drain lead-
ing from the fort. The latter is described as having
been about one hundred feet from high water mark.
A. great part of the bank has been since washed away,
so that the lines of the works inside cannot now be
accurately defined. It would appear from the mounds
still visible, that the fort must have been of large size,
and that other buildings had been erected in its inime-

di^

th(

f(M

st<J
])ai|
feel

noil

Clu

wid

disl

be(

COUNTY OF LUNENBUKCl.

'« i\

(liatc noi^lihorhood — perhaps the rc«i(lencc8 of tlio (iov-
criior iind other Officers of State. AI)out ten fiH't from
tlic 8outh-we8t eorner of tlie fort walls is a well, two
feet in diaiueter, very neatly made, walled with Hn»ooth
Ktoney, and (nidently a work of irrcat eure. It has heen
j)artly filled up, but can be seen to the doptfi of several
feet.

About 800 vards distant fnun the fort walls, in a
northwardly direction, are the foundation walls of the
Chapel, seventy feet in lcn<,^th, and twenty three feet in
width. There is a division wall crosswise, thirty feet
distant from the western end, which was probably used
as a chancel arch. The enclosure nearest the river, haa
been convertivl into a jrrave yard, in which rej)ose the
mortal remains of ,[ames Xorris, I'atrick I'ower,
Nicholas Power, I)ou<ilas, Hunt, and seven of the chil-
dren of Mr. John Oakley. The Chapel cost 100,000
francs. Hardwood trees, have, sinc( the Chapel was.
burnt, j^Town out of the walls. They were recently cut
down, some distance above the roots, and their trunks
measure seventeen inches across. Nine feet from the
south wall, is another well, similar to the one near the
fort. It was cleaned out in a search for money,
believed to have been hidden there, and found to be
twenty-one feet in dc})th.

The stumj) of an old tree, still called the "French
apple tree," stands a short distance from the Cliapel
wall. It is about two feet in hein;ht, and the same in
diameter, and has a large number of shoots almost
hiding it from view. The French burial ground is in
the neighborhood of the C^hapel site, and though many
were interred there, the stones are without inscriptions

TllSTOUY OF THE

:iil

to shew ^ho lie beneath. Some years ago one of the
Getson'H phmghed up an old Iccy, which, from its size,
has been mippoHed to belong to the Cha|)el. It hung
for 8omc time in a house on the hill ubove the ruins,
and was given to a Roman Catholic (clergyman. Plates,
pipes, hoes, axes, hatchets, and otlicr artrcles, hav-c
been also removed from the earth.

The Point of land on which thtse ruins are situated,
contains about four acn^s, including a pond of fresh
water, one himdrcd and fifty yards in length, and one
hundred in breadth ; abounding in summer with l>eau-
tiful lilies, and having a small island near its southern
extremity. It is said that the chapel bell, candlesticks,
and a lot of brass cannon, were thrown into this pond,
where they still remain. On the western side of the
Point, the land has a gradual ascent, and one cannot
look at tJjc whole place, without sharing tlie opinion of
the early settlers, both French and English, that it
would be a m<*st desirable site for a town» The harbor
inside the Point, is one of the finest in America, free
from shoals, and in which ^-^ssels are safe from every
wind that blows. It is generally as smooth as a mill
pond. Ilaliburton says, *' it is, unquestionably, one of
the best harbors in the Province."

Large deposits of clam shells have been found some
distance below the surface, westward of Fort Point,
marking the resorts of Indians, or French. At Petite
Riviere, which, as the name imports, was originally
settled by the French, and was one of the outskirts of
Lallave, the remains of some of their old clearings and
cellars ai'e still visible.

r*t^

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

C of the
its size,
It hung

ic ruins,
Plates,

L'8, have

situated,
of* fresh
and one
;h Ijcau-
Bouthem
llesticks,
is pond,

I of tlie
; cannot
in ion of

that it
! harbor
ca, free

II every
a mill
one of

Apple trees, planted hy the French at West Dublin,
now two feet and a half in diameter, Ktill yield their
fruit ; and hops, growing from roots, said to have been
planted by people of the same race, can be seen among
the alder bushes at a brook on Loveley's Point, now
Kissers, where there arc traces of ancient clearings.
Some of the bushes were removed, and poles having
l>een placed there, the hop vines embraced them, and
wound tiieir way to the top.

There is a burying ground near a sand beach at
Petite Kiviere, which is filled with graves. In one
corner of it, twenty or thirty were once visible, but they
are now covered to the depth of over five feet, with
sand blown from the beach. The head stones, many of
which are of immense size, and rounded at the top, arc
without inscriptions. A circular stone wall, over four
feet in height, was built to enclose the place of sepul-
ture ; but nmch of it has fallen down, and is hidden by
saiid. In the same vicinity are the graves of ship-
wrecked Americans, and others, including the crew of a
vessel wrecked at Indian island, and the captain of a
Norwegian barque. There, far from home,

" They keep
The long, mysterious exodus of death,"

awaiting reunion with those they loved on earth, in that
eternal city,

" Where every severed wreath is bound."
The foundations of buildings formerly occupied by
the French, can be distinctly traced on the grounds
adjacent. It is said that a small chapel once stood
there ; and that Indians in large numbers encamped on,
and about the old site, for more than forty years, and

1» ♦

ll-iJ!

^■^Tf

'4a«

inSTOllT OF THR

I I 'Mi

spoke of It as a sacred spot. Tliey Had a canoe-shapcd
hole in the earth, where they framed the tiny barivs with
whieli tliey so skilfully breasted the restless waves.
Old cellars, and the rcmains of a fort, are seen near the
residence of John C. S[)crry, Esquire ; and cannon
ba'ls, and chain shot, have l)ecn taken from the ground
by him. lie has informed the writer, that ho has found
on his premises, at a depth of two feet below the sur-
face, a deposit of clam shells, which is over half an acre
in extent.

It is very interesting to ramble on a sununer day
around these i-elics of bye gone times, and gather up
'hat remains of their strangely eventful history. The
pleasure is much enhanced by tiiC charming beauty of
the scen(M'v on land and w^ater, and the health-giving
breezes, Avhich, having been tempercd by old ocean,
salute the checjks of the wanderer, and move
" the crisping ripples on the beach,
And tender cnrving lines of creamy spray."

We come now to the liritish Settlement of New
Dublin in 17C0, when the township was granted to two
hundred and sixty proprietors who had emigrated from
Connecticut, of which grant no further notice need here
be taken, as the grantees made but little attem[)t to
cultivate the soil, and in a few months had quite aban-
doned the place. The lands were subsequently re-
granted to (lermans and others.

On the twentieth day of June, 17(55, a g .nt was
made to Josej>h Pernette, his heirs and assigns, of "a
tract of land on LeIIave river, beginning on the western
side of said river, at the first Falls, at Ivunenburg ;
boundaries: thence running north 33 deg. 4.5 min.,

COUNTY OF LrXEXnURG.

west 120 chains; tliCMicc running' south f)(! dep;. west,
240 cliain-s on Lunonhurg lino, and thoncc kcc})ing
the same course 140 cliains on ungranted lands, thence
soutli H4 degrees, east <S'SO chains on ungrante<l lands,
thence north 4') degrees, east 380 chains on ungranted
lands, Avhen it meets the river, and from thence up the
river hv the course of the same, until it meets the first-
mentioned hounds of the township of Lunenburg, at
the first falls of sai<l river ; containing in the whole by
estimation 22,400 acres, wherein is also included an
allowance for 2400 acres lai<l out on said river into
twehc lots of 200 acres each reserved for the following
persons, namely: J<»hn C^mningham, Kichard Cun-
ningham, (iotlicl) Kohler, John C^rook, Frederick
Rhuland, Benjamin Leigh, John Sloane, Robert Porter,
Thomas Little, John Benjamin Bridge, Patrick Ililtz,
and (\isper Hickman, more or less, with allowance of
lakes, waters, hills, and roads, where it shall be judged
necessary, with uU and all manner of mines unopened,
excepting mines of gold, silver, and coals."

The grantee bound himself and his heirs to [)ay a
quit rent of one " farthen" per acre, for one half of the
granted pivmises, within five years, the whole to be
payable within ten years from the date of the grant, and
so iw continue ))avable vearlv for ever. And the said

I. • • «

grantee l)ound and obliged himself, his heirs, and
assigns, to plant aimually five acres of said land with
hemj) ; and the grant was upon this fiu'ther condition :
that if the said grantee should not settle the said tract
of lan<l with IVotestant settlers, in the pro[)ortion of one
person f • evcy two hundred acres within ten years,
then the grant should revert to the Crown ; and the
6

nisToiiv or tiik

Governor, Lieut. -Governor, or Comniander-in-Clnef of
tliiti Province for tlie time being, might at liis pleasure
grant the same to any other ])erson or persons. The
grant was signed by AT. Wilniot, Governor, and
Uicliard Bulkcley, Secretary, and recorded on tlie 2ord
Julv, 17()5, bv Jolm Collier, Uci^istrar.

Mr. Pernette, before ol)taining the al)ove-nanied
grant, drew liis allotment at Pamsliag, (now )\'alhu'e),
in the county of (\unl)erland : but in going tlu-ougli the
woods to Liverpo(»l, witli an Indian as guide, he Avas
so struck with the beautv of the LalLu e, that he decided
if possil)le to effect an excliange of grants with a brotlier
officer, which he succeeded in doing.

In i)ursuancc oF the terms of tlic grant, ]\Ir. Pernette
aettled many families of Germans and others, on the
banks of the river ; and to him is due the credit of
making, under British autlioritv, the first settlement
of any importance in the townsliip. lie built the first
t>aw mill, and carried on an extensive bu.Mness, having
at one time as many as thirty njen living with him.
Large ships, including one of <S()0 tons, called the
" Duke of Cumberland," came from England every
year, to cany back ton timljcr, which he sui)plied.

The idea of having a town at Lower I)ui)lin, was
also entertained by those settlers who followed Mr.
Pernette. One of" the cluef men an^ong them was John
Sloane, above named, and a piece of land at tlu; con-
teinplaved site is still known as " Sloane's Point."
♦John Crt)oks, moved from I^unenliurg to Parks C^'cek,
on the opposite side of tlie river, intending to establish
a Ferry, but Mr. Sloane died, many of the people
became poor, and moved away ; and Mr. Crook* enga-
•red in farniini''.

COUXTY OF LUNENBUKG.

St. P( tcr's clnnrli, LalTavo Ferry, (west side,)
and St. flaines's eluirch, Lower DiiMin, are included in
the mission of" l\e\'. A. ,I()r<lan, ayIio ret^ides near tlio
former.

St. Luke's eliureli, C'onquerall, is in tlie mission of
Bl•id^■e^v■•'.t('^.

A l*ic<l)\ terian eliureh was Iniilt at Lower I)u])]in,
in the tinn' oF Ivev. 11. D. Steehs and is tinder tlie
l*astorate oi' lie\-. I). McMiUan, wlio resides on tlie
eastern side (»t' the LaLave, near "Five Houses," and
is also minister in ehari>e of a eliureh near T^allave
Ferrv, and at the Cross roads.

The Methodists ha^■e erected a neat chapel in the
latter neiuhhorhood.

PETITE RIVIERE.

This river has its source in ^^'ile^s lake at Lapland,
and jiasses through Amj)akey, and ]MeIij)siii'uit lakes,
and I)v Ilehh's mills, throiij>h lakes at Conijueiall, and
( )ak hill lake east of Jaincs Fitch's. AVallace's lake at
New Italy, empties into it. The liver meets the salt
water at the foot of the Petite Kiviere hills. Hierc are
twelve saw mills on the stream, Avhere n lari»e quantitv
of excellent lumber is manufactured. The AiUagc of
Petite liiviere lies at the base of, and on, the hills re-
ferred t(». Shipbuilding is earned on, and some fine
vessels have been there constructed. A large and neat
lo.)king school-house lias lx!en erected besides the
Methodist Chapel already mentioned, and an K[)iscopal
<'hurch. 'J'lic resident ministers are ]{cv. II. ]\L S[)iko,
and Kev. John Teasdale. Crouse Town, New Italy >
liroad Cove, and A\)gler's Cove, are all important set-
tlements. Iving in the nciffhl)oriiood of Petite Kiviere.

It '■

IIISTORV OF Tffi:

1«

CAPE LAHAVE.

This C\'ipc, which is 2)art of LalLivc ij^land, rises in
the t'orni of a cliff, over one Imiuh-cd feet al)o^c tlie sea.
The island is supposed, from the old cK-ai-infrs found
there to have been ori<i,inally settled by tlu; French.
Chaniplain described "Cape de la Ileve," as " a place
Avhere there is a bav, where are several islands covered
with fir trees, and the main land m ith oaks, elms, and
birches."

Lai lave Island was granted by his late Majesty
King (reorgc III., A. 1)., 17<sr), to ,Ioseph Pernette,
Henry Vouler, Mathew Park, Joseph \\'hitford, (xeorgc
Grieser, and John Baker, or the survivor or siu'vivors
of them, and their sever.il and respective heirs, " in trust
for the use and benefit of the inhabitants vX the town-
ship of Xew Dublin, and of all those persons who were
then settled on the eastern side of tlie river of Lallave,
extending from Parks' farm so called, up to the Falls
of the said river, and their s(neral and respective heirs
and assigns, for a C'onunon for feeding and depasturing
their cattle, and for no other use or purpose whatever.''

Large quantities of salt grass are mowed on the
island annually, in the month of September. A signal
is given by one of the Trustees, and the assembled
mowers, sometimes numbering over two hundred, begin
their work ; each man, with two or three; sweeps of his
gcythe, first marking out the s})ot on which he intends to
cut for himself. The mowing is generally finished in a
few hours, an<l the grass is removed on the same day.
Womeit and children accon)![)any the i)arty, and are
en<i;au:ed in picking cranberries. Iluts for use diu'ing
the fishing season, are built at McIiCod's harbor, Seal
Cove, Jenkins" Point, and other [)laces on the island,.

COUNTY OF LUNENRURG.

MusquitoGs are very numerous, and often force the
people out of the tents erected for shelter. One mile
south-east of the Cope, lies the great black rock, ten
feet high, and one iiundred feet long, with deep water
around it. Tiie inner harbor is formed bv the Lallave

ri\er

The Lallave, includinij: the estuarv into which it
Hows, is the largest and most beautiful river in the
Province. Takinir its rise in Shinijle lake, in tlio
county of Annapolis, its course is marked by graceful
curves, as it flows past the settlements of Upper,
Middle, and Lower LalLive, on the one side, and
Bridgcwater, CV)nquerall Bank and Lower Dublin, on
the otlier, until it meets the waters of Dublin Bay,
thirteen miles from Bridijjewater. Its banks ai"e in most
places stec[). and where unsettled, covered with luxu-
riant growths of pine, spruce and ma})le. The valley
is generally narrow, the hills rising on each side, often
quite close to the i-iver. There is a very pretty Avater-
fall at Xew Germany, called " Indian falls,"' and some
grand and picturesque rapids, known as " Cook's falls,"
two miles above Ib'idgewater ; the latter a favorite resort
in summer rambles. There are also falls near Caleb
Langille's, A'ew (icrmany, on Solomon's brook, which
are fifty feet high, while the water at their base is thirty
feet in de[)th. It is a grand sigh*" to witness the passage
of logs over these falls. A\"entzers lake, through which
the river runs, nine miles bevond Bi'iduewater, is verv
beautiful. Several islands dot the surface of the river ;
an<l one of them, near (\)nquerall Bank, is cultivated
and inhabited. There are fine farms, and neat dwelling
liouscs along the banks on each side. The ebb and

■It

8()

IIISTOIIY OF TIIK

flow of tlic tide ceases a few lumdied yards above tlic
l)ri(l^e.

In December, IHd'), during' tlie civil war, in tlie
United States, tlie f^teaiiicr " Chesapeake," which liad
l)een })lyinfi; as a l^iekct l)etween Ntw York and Port-
hmd, and was taken possession of by Southerners wlio
were on l)()ard, came into tlie river, and was reported at
the Custom House under the name of the "■ lvetrii)ution."
She remained in the a icinity of Con(pierall Bank for a
few days, and niaile her exit from Lallave, pi-evious to
the arrival of the steamer '" Klhi and Annie," belonging'
to the United States (iovernment, by Avhich vessel she
was captured, between Lunenburg and Halifax.

CONaUERALL BANK.

This place, situated about midway between Pernette's
Ferry, and Bridge water, Avas, less than forty years
since, covered with forest. It has steadily advanced,
until it is now quite a village, having considerable home
and foreign commerce.

The settlement on the opposite bank of the river, is
also a place of some importance. The late Charles
Pudolf, and John Cook, carried on a large business in
loading Knglish ships with ton timber. Shipbuilding
and considerable trade are now carried on there. Tra-
dition says that a soldier, who in early times was sta-
tioned at the blockhouse in this vicinity, strayed into
the woods, and, being missed in the evening, a jiarty
went out and searched for him in vain. Many years
afterwards parts of his knapsack, and gnn, were found,
near what is now called the Mullock settlement, where
it is supposed he perished.

■■■III I

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

A union l)ull(ling ha^< been erceted at C\)n(jncrall
liank. It is very neatly f urn itched, and is us^^ed on
alternate Sundays, by Episcopalituis, Presbyterians,
and Lutherans.

BRIDGEWATER.

]5ridgewater, very ap[)r()|)riately nanie<l, is the ehief
]»lace of business on the Lallave river. Its rise and
rapid prorjress are full of interest. The house oceupied
by Joshua Wentzel, situated between tlie Lutheran
Parsonage and the river, wsis the first dwelling erected,
and Mas built by (larrett Wile, still living, and his
l)rother Frederiek, fifty-nine years ago. The site of the
village was, at the date referred to, covered with a
small growth of trees and bushes. The i)ines now
towering above the j)ictures(pie residence of Robert
Dawsr-n, Esq., were then not more than five feet in
height. There was no house for sometime afterwards
Ix^tweeii the one first named, and that now occupieil by
John S. McKean, Esq., near the shipyard, Avhile south
of that last named, the dwellings of Messrs. Typert,
Snyder, Meldriim, and Ilenn, were the only others on
the same side of the river, until the residence of Mr.
Pernettc was reached, at LaHave ferry. Houses were
not yet built in Cam[)ertown, ^lontreal, Ohio, Waterloo,
Lapland, or dielsea, most of them at this date large
and fiourishing settlements, lying in the rear of Pridge-
water, and contributing materially to ite support. Not
a single habitation was visible in the district in which
lies the road to Pleasant river, between the house built
by Messrs. Wile, already referred to, and the then
residence of Zenas Waterman, Esq., twenty miles

IIISTOKV OF THE

distant. 'I'lurn were not more tlian three or four houses
on tlie east side of tlie river, oj)|K)site to liridgewater.
These inehided the present residence of fJoseph P.
Miller, Esq., " (ilen Allan," and a house on or near
JJolnian's hill, Avliich Avas taken to [)ieccs, rrioved across
the river, lelxiilt opposite the bridge, and kept by the
Lite James Starratt, deceased, as the first hotel in the
village.

The first In'idffe was built ])v Messrs. Archer and
Nicholson, about forty years a^^^o, and was rebuilt from
hi<;li water mark, twenty years afterwards, it is three
hundred and twenty i'i^ct long, and the view fnmi it on
each side is veiy pretty. In ]>>(!!(, the bridixe was
rebuilt from the i)iers ; the height of it increased, and it
was otherwise nuich improved. rTohn E. Pack, and
»rose})h R. \Vyman, were the Contractors, and Charles
II. Chase, Commissioner.

Pridgewater has now a tri-wcekly mail, but there
are those still living Avho can remember that the first
mail, between Lunenburg and the former place, Avas
established with the express understanding that the
Government should be reimbursed for any loss sustained
by the mulertaking.

If we go back in thought for a i)eriod of sixty years,
what a strange contrast is presented to the mind,
between the busy scene we witness at Bridgewater
to-day, and the undisturbed domain of the Indian, as it
then existed ; the ri\er ferried by the birch canoe, and
human habitations repifsent od by the e({ually frail
wigwam. The village, and its adjacent districts, shew
a remarkable develo])nient of resources, and steady
advancement in material prosperity. An inexhaustible
supply of timber, and the facilities for agricultural im-

rOl'NTV OF LUNKXHIKO.

, was
the
Hied

niiid,
atcr

as it
and
iVail
liew

eady

itible
im-

provement Avliicli ahonnd in the nj)i)er eonntry, nnist
tend to the st'\\\ jireater urowth of liriducwatcr. The
enterprise of its inhabitants is larwlv aided 1)V tlie
industrious raee of fanners and lnniher(>rs, who pour
into it, in iin unceasing stream, tlie ])roduets of tlicir
vahiahle lal)or.

'Die j)Ia('es of -svorslup in Bridgewater, are the
Ciiureli of Kngland, (officiating clergyman, Kcv. David
C. Moore) ; Presbyterian, (Kev. IVter M. Morrison) ;
Lutheran, (Hex. A. C. McDonald) ; and Jiai)tist,
(Rev. Stephen Afarch.) Preparations have been made
to build one for the Wesleyans. Kev. Wiliiiun ^X .
liowcrs, Lutheran minister, also resides at liridgewater.

The village has been supplied with a handsome
public School-house, capable of acconuno(hiting o\cr
l')() pupils, — the teachers in which are Mr. F.benczcr
Miller, A. 1)., Miss Nellie ]\Iorse, and iSIiss Lucy lirown.

A drill shed, ninety feet in leni>th, and forty-five
feet in width, said to bo one of the best outside of Ilali-
fnx, and a Temperance Hall, have also been erected.

Bridgcwater may ])e called the manufactin-i)ig centre
of the county.

The iron foundry of Duncan jVIcMillan, is 150 feet
in length, and about H() feet in width. The enterj)rising
proprietor, who is a native of Inverness, in " Auld
Seotia," manufactures ship's castings of all kinds, stoves
of different patterns, mill Avork, iron railings, and im-
[)roved school furnitiu-e.

On the opj)osite side of the road, stands the large
and efhcicnt Tanyard of Jas. E. and Jos. Waterman.

The gi-ist and carding mills of Dean Wile, arc in the
same vicinity ; as is also the establishment of the

IIISTOKY OF THE

Messrs. Batlcy, uho.^e Htcoriiifj; a]i]»i»ratii.s for nossoIs i^
of the most imi>rovcd (Mnistniction. Tlicir ,^ldll wan
n('kiio\vl('(li:<'(l at tlio last Provincial Ivxliihitioii, bv a
prize of fifty dollars.

Spokes, lasts, and other articles are also inannfao-
tiired on the same stream, which affoi'ds sii[)erior sites
for additional mannfaeturin^' ])nrposes.

Nearer the river are the chair and fnrnitnrc factory
erected l>y Zerah Wile, and W. Enos, and Jamen
Vienot's carriage factor}', the latter of which is furnished
with a planing machine.

The steam iron foundry and stave mill, huilt by
Ililkiah A\'entzel and others, is in this neighborhood,
and is suj)]»li(Hl with an engine constructed by ^Ir.
Adams, of Dartmouth.

The > illage also possesses another Tanyard, owned
by ]Mathew Khnland and Sons ; the senior partner of
the firm, bein<; one of the oldest manufacturers of
leather in the county.

Ilai'iiess of all kinds is manufactured at the esta-
blishment of Mr. Andi'ew Taj^jifart.

A printing office has been for some time in opera-
tion, from M'hich issues a Meekly newspaper, called
" The Nova Scotia Farmer and Bridgewater '^rimcs,''
and of which Mr. Henry Fisher is proj)rictor.

On the eastern side of the Lallave, may be seen the
Gangmill (»f Kdward I). Davison and Son, which is 85
feet long, and 3') feet wide, having twenty upright and
eight circular saws in operation, with sixty saws in
reserve. Upwards of $1( ),()()() lias been ex})ended on
the premises. There were sawed in this mill, during
the working season of seven months, in 18G8, four and

roi'NTY OF LrxExnrnff.

a Iwilt' million fi'ct of liiinbcr. A Ijriildiuf;'' !">'* feet in
l(Mii;th, and 'M) in width, ;idjoin.s the mill, in wliich tluM'o
ucre miinufncturcd in the f^nnu; time, 7()(K()0() laths,
pickets, and claphoards. Six hnndird Icct ot" railway
has l)ccn constrnctcd, over which cars carrv thf cdninyvs
to the place where they are hiu'ned. Thirty-two men,
halt" of the nnmher workini; hy day, and half l>y ni^ht,
are cn«;aL(ed in and a))ont the mill ; wliile the whole
nnmher em])loyed hy tlie firm is seventy-ei;iht. The
anionnt [)aid for wa;:i('s, dm'in^' the same season, was
iU<Sll.:)7. A lod;iin<,^ lionse (lOX^O feet, of two
stories, and a smith's forge, have been huilt in connec-
tion with the mill.

The same firm have erected another fianiiinill on
the west side of tlie river, "JO feet in len<,^th, and 45 feet
in width, with a h)dj^in*i; lionse for t'le men /if) X 20 feet,
two stories in hei<iht, and a for<^e. The new mill will
it is expected, ent six million feet of Inmher in one
season. T^ventv-five men are cmi)loved in tlu; woods
hv this firm, on their own acconnt, and tliev fnrnish
sn})plies to abont one hnndred in all.

^Messrs. Cook, Calder, and Hhodenhizer, have
erected a (Jangmill on the west side of the river, abinit
a mile from the mill of Davison and Son. It is <S() feet
lono: by forty-three feet in Avidth. This mill ent abont
tln-ee millions and a half of Inmber from the middle of
March to Sth December, 18()l), and tnrned ont 21,H00
feet in twelve hours. The establishment has been leased
to S. P. lienjamin & Co. for ten years.

^Messrs. Edward & Henry Mack have built a Ganij;-
niill l)0x4S feet, to be worked by steam, on a ])oint of
land, part of the estate of the late Charles Kndolf, Esq.,

^x%

,%.

<\y.

v'<'' s^k-

> 1

o^;\^>Ts%

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

11°

IIU

lltt

11^

IIM

| 2.Q

1.8

1-4 il

'c-> c^l

c*J

^. '■'>

//A

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 872-4503

L<?

«! I

IIISTOUY OF THE

1: i

3 ■

four miles l)el<)\v J^ridgcwater, on the eastern side of the
river. Tlicy have expended from $1()00 to $2000 in
blastin*^ rocks, clearing out some of the upper branches
of the river, and building dams. Several other gang
mills will sh<n-tlv be erected. Some idea of the business
to be done at the mills in operation and in course of
erection may be formed from the fact, that more than
four hundred men and one hundred teams have been
actively engaged in the woods, up the river, during the
past Avintcr. It is estimated, that the logs procured,
will furnish from twenty-five to thirty million feet of
lumbc".

The hreaking up of the ice, is anxiously looked for
by those specially interested in lumbering operations.
Sometimes it ])asses down very quietly ; at other times
it breaks the booms, carries away bridges, cuts through
thick trees on the banks of the river, and threatens to
sweep all before it.

The writer never looks at the imiuonse quantities of
drift wood cast ashore, or carried out to sea, without
thinking of the j)oor, whom he has so often seen in the
City, gathering arms and a[)rons full, of whatever they
could collect that was fit for fuel. The eduings which
liave to be burned, at Davison's, and other mills, and
which would be f>ladlv ffiven gratis, to anv who would
remove them, would keep hundreds of families from the
cold, which so many arc obliged to feel in their scantily
furnished homes.

Mamifacturing facilities aboimd in and around
Bridgcwater ; and the same may be remarked of the
county generally, the w'ater power in which is sufficient
to put in motion all kinds of machinery, and give em-
ployment to a large population.

COUNTY OF LlNKXnrKO.

The tuir-'joat " (iipsy," (Hohbins ('()niin<j:, Master,)
wliich has done good service (luring 1<S()9, is tiic pioneer
of steam navigation on the Lai lave. A hirger and
more powerful bcjat will be rec^uired.

HEBB'S MILLS.

The late Jolin George Ilebl), who formerly lived on
lleekman's island, was one of the oiiginal settlers at
Ilebb's mills, where he built a log house. lie carried
the provisions at first required in hii:! new home, irom
the island in a boat, which he sometimes rowed around
to Lallave river, and at other times to Lunenburg,
from whence he ])roeceded, with his load on his back, to
Centre, and from there a distance of several miles bv a
foot path, liy hard work he established himself ^oni-
fortal)lv, and was at leny-th enabled out of other lands
he purchased, to give seven farnis to as many sons ; on
which they settled, and brought u\) large families. ]\Ir,
Ilebb died at the advanced age of (jver eighty yeart.
Quite a large business has been done at the saw mills
erected in the neighborhood, by Mr. Ilebb, and his
descendants. On every side arc to be seen fine farms,
and substantial dwellings and outbuildings.

If ' i'
• {

ACCOUNT OF DISASTER TO
SCHOONER "INDUSTRY," DECEMBER, 1868.

"West Dublin, Coiinfv of Lunenburg,
"March I7/I8GU.

" To M.,B. DesBrisay, Esq., M.P.P.

" Dear tSir, —

" We now proceed to give you, as ncai-ly as
possible, a correct and minute account of the disaster that

IIISTOUY OF THE

f ■

we met with, nud the privations th.at we endured, while on
board the 'Industry'; and furthermore nn account of the
kindness that we experienced, at the hands, and through the
instrumentality, of persons Avho at tlie time were perfect
strangers to us.

" We sailed from West Dublin in the schooner ' Indus-
try,' of thirty tons burthen, on Friday, the 11th ol Decem-
ber, A. D., 18G8, at about 7 A. M., having a crew of five
men, including ourselves, viz: — Ca))tain Lewis Sponagle,
aud Mr. R. B. Currie, owners. Mr. Henry Wolfe, Mr.
Daniel Wauibach, Mr. Henry Le Gag, Junior, all of West
DuhJit, and two passengers — Miss Angeline I'ublicover,
of Wfe^t Did)lin ; IMr. Wentworth Murphy, of Lawrence-
town, county of Halifax.

" Our cargo was Dry and Pickled Fish, and Wood, and
our port of destination, Halifax, AVc had light westerly
winds aud moderate weather, until one o'clock at night,
when the wind veered to the north-east, and was accom-
panied with snoN/, rendering the land invisible. At that
time, Sambro ligl* bore north-north-west from us. Deem-
ing it dangerous to make any further attempts to gain the
harbor, we commenced preparations to return to Lallave;
but just prior to our doing so, the force of the wiud caused
our forev»<ail to split. We, however, started for LaHave,
aud having ruu for some time with the wind as aforesaid,
until we judged that we were in the vicinity of Cross Island,
we Avere confronted by a breeze from the north-west, which
increased in vehemence until it blew a perfect gale. Our
foresail, which was badly damaged in the first instance, was
uow rendered valueless as a means for propelling our little
craft ; and being unable to lay her to, we had to put to sea,
aud scudded for three days aud nights under bare poles.
While running off, we cleared our decks, and unfortunately
a cask of water was thrown overboard, and another one
aceiueutally crushed, so badly that we managed to save only

COUNTY OF LUXEXUrRfJ.

hvo gallons of its contents. On the fifth day from our em-
barkation, Avc spoke an American schooner, but the sea was
so boisterous at the time, that the Captain was unable to
render us any assistance ; at our request however, he gave
us the course for Bermuda, and we proceeded upon iv for
three days, with favorable winds, in the vain hope of res-
cuing ourselves from our perilous position. But our hopes
were suddenly destroyed by a strong breeze which rang
up from the westward, which drove us back again and
lasted for a similar length of time, namely, three days,
during which we suffered severely. The wind was so high
as to cause a heavy sea, which made a perfect breach over
our little craft, tearing her bulwarks, rails, and stanchions
away, and flooding our cabin, so that it was with difficulty
that we kept her free. The tarpaulin was beaten off our
forward hatch, and we had to secure over it a cowskin that
was on board. Our Paraffine oil was spilled the first night
we were out, and on the fourth day our stove was broken,
and rendered almost useless. We were comparatively
without water, having only about two gallons that we saved
from the cask, and a tea kettle full of hail stones that we
gathered in a remnant of the foresail. We dared not eat
any of our salt fish, because of our want of water, and there
was notliiug eatable on board, that was not saturated with
salt water. We had a bag of oats which we roasted on the
stove, though it was, as before stated, in a very shaky con-
dition. From the date of our departure from New Dublin,
we were in all eighteen days on board the vessel, and for
the last six days subsisted upon seven hard biscuit. Not
once, but many times, during these eighteen days, when in
the height of despondency, and we saw, as we supposed,
grim death staring us in the face, did we bid each other
farewell.

"At last, on the 29th Deer., when we >vere altogether
despondent and exhausted, in short, in such a state as can

'i 's

HISTORY OF THE

be more easily imagined than dcscvibetl, Captain Hiram
Coalfleet conic to onr assistance, with the barque ' Provi-
dence'; which hailed from Windsor, but belonged to
Hantsport. The sea was running high. Captain Coalfleet,
perceiving the danger of the task he was about to undertake,
ran his baniue alongside our disabled craft, and during the
time the vessels were together, which could not have been
more than a few minutes, his mate, Abel Coalfleet, who was
also his brother, gallantly hazarded his life to save ours.
He ran out un the main yard of the ' Providence,' which was
caught in our rigging, by which he speedily lowered himself
on board our schooner ; and, having first rescued Miss
Publicover, aided some of the rest to ascend the side of the
barque. We were assisted also by Captain Coalfleet's crew,
who although not on our deck, still were at the scene of ac-
tion. This was done most expeditiously, and the schooner's
rigging was cut to disentangle lier from the barque, and to
prevent further damage being done to her hull, as both
vessels were injured by coming in contact. This no doubt
caused the ' Industry ' to sink sooner than she would have
done. About three quarters of an hour after our rescue,
she disappeared ; and though none on board the ' Provi-
dence' saw her sink, she would otherwise have been visible.

" When we first got on board the barque, our tongues
were swollen, and we were in such an emaciated and ex-
hausted condition, that we were almost unable to articulate ;
and it cannot be wondered at, being but the natural
sequence of the fatigue, together with the want of both food
and water.

" Our preservation while on board the ' Industry ' was
perfectly miraculous, and the manner iu which we were
relieved, almost as wonderful, comprehensible only by an
eye witness : and both must be attributed to the Providence
of an all-wise God. Were we to state all that we endured,
nud were we able to describe graphically the intensity of the

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

gale that our little craft survived, our story would appear,
evea to some of the most experienced navigators, a fiction ;
hut the accounts received from other quarters, with refer-
ence to the severity of the weather on the Atlantic during
the time referred to, and the number of wrecks that occur-
red, will go far towards corroborating our statements.

•' We cannot speak in terms sufficiently commendable,
witii respect to the conduct of Capt. Coalfleet and his crew,
lie treated us hospitably until we arrived at his port of des-
tination, London, England; but notwithstanding his kind
treatment we still had hardships to endure. The barque
was laden with paraffine oil, and the strength and flavor of it
imd penetrated everything that was eatable. Even the
water was contaminated by it, so that whether we ate or
drank we had to experience an unpleasant taste. We found
that although it produced an almost ravenous appetite, it
sometimes caused excessive vomiting, and at other times
violent diarrhoea.

" When we arrived in London, we met with kind and
sympathising friends, who tendered advice and material
assistance. Conspicuous among our benefactors, were Cap-
tains Harrington, Wilson, and Henderson. We thence by
an overlnnd route proceeded to Liverpool, where we again
n»et with friends, prominent among whom were T. C
Jones, Esq., (a Nova Scotian, and a relative of Alfred
Jones, Esq., M. P. for Halifax,) and Wm. Inman, Esq.,
proprietor of the Inman line of steamers. The latter gen-
tleman gave six of us free passages, (two in the saloon, and
four in the steerage, of the steamship " Etna,") to Halifax,
N. S., where we again found friends, who were ready not
only to congratulate us Upon our return to the Province, and
to hear of our hairbreadth escape, but also to forward us to
our respective homes, where we arrived to find our relativcji
7

'-1;.

Jill

TIISTOUY OF TirE

and friends waning in anxious anticipation, and ready to
welcome us with tears of joy.

" Witli compliments,
" Wc remain,

" Yours respnctfully,

" R. B. CURRIE.

" Lewis Sponagle."

TIic l)ravc coiuliiot of Captain Hiram Coalfloet, and
his brother Abel CoalHeet, above detailed, was brought
by the writer to the notice of the Lieiitei; int-Governor,
Sir Ilatitings Doyle, by whose conunand ihe faets were
communicated to the Governor-General. A handsome
gold watch, and a binocular glass, each licaring a suit-
able inscription, have arrived from England, to be
given respectively to tlie captain and mate.

• 4

it — -
ii i

WINTER 1869-70.

r The mildnegs of the weather during tlie " winter
months" of 18(59-70, was quite unusual. In mid-
winter the ice in the lakes was too thin for travelliniif.
and the rivers w ere open ; th^ Lallave having been
closed to navigation only for a few hoiu's. On the
11th of January, the schooner " Frank Newton," Capt.
George Burkett, arrived in the river from Halifax, and
discharged cargo at the village. On the 18th of the
same month, the schooner " Stella," Capt. Roliert Loy,
arrived from Lunenburg, to be laden with staves. On
the 2lst, the three masted schooner " Zebra," Daniel
Adams, master, arrived from Boston, an<l discharged a
cargo of flcmr and meal. Tlic schooner "Templar,"
Caleb Dauphinee, master, arrived from Halifax on the
28th, and the cargo was unloaded at the village. On
the 29th tlie " Zebra" cleared for Providence, Rhode

COUNTY OF LrNENnUUG.

])ccn
the
Capt.
and

f the

On
anici
^ed a
)lar,"
the
On
Ihode-

I.<land. The river was sn])f'Ofjnently closed for a p^hort
time, l)ut was clear of ice on tlic fourth day of March,
and continued open to navigation. Dui'injr the wiiole
treason it was only closed for one month.

Late in January, farmers ])lou<i^he(l newly l)rok('n land,
and the Hamc work could have been done in Felauary.

One of the oldest inhabitants informed the writer,
that he had not known such a winter for se\ enty-two
years.

TOWNSHI? OF CHESTER.

The first recorded arrival of settlers at Chester, is
tiiat of a l)arty who left Boston, jMassachusetts, on
Thursdav, 80th July, 17')!!, and arrived at Chester on
the following Tuesday. The name of the vessel is not
given; but the captain was Kobcrt ]\Ic(i()Wii. The
others on board were Kobcrt ^Montgomery, mate, Kobt.
]\IcGown, (captain's son,) Walter Bourk, Thomas
Patridge, Captain James Nichols, Gregory B:is,s, Ste-
phen Greenleaf, Jonas Cutler, Ebenezer Cutler, Capt.
Timothy Houghton, wife, and thitM3 children. Aaron
Mason, wife, and five children, Joseph AMiitmore,
wife, and two children, Robt. Melvin, John Houghton,
and Sarah Birley.

Their arrival was thus noticed :

" Tuesday, Augtist 4th. — Arriveil at Chester, and
anchored in a most Ix'autiful harbor."

Haliburton calls it "the snug and connaodious
harbor of Chester."

The names of additional settlers, and of those who
obtained lots of land, were John Sheplierd, Benjamin
Bridge, Samuel Waters, Ralph Xcsham, Bruin Komcas
Coraingo, Benjamin Lary, Isaiah Thomas, A'athan

■*i

I I I
I

'{■

luO

HISTORY OF TIIR

Woodbury, Samuel Jenison, David Miller, Jeremiah
Rogers, Thomas Kogere, Simcm Floyd, Thomas Floyd,
Jno. Records, Isaac Weston, Nathaniel Turner, Joseph
Turner, Thomas Grant, Patrick Sutherland, John
Mason, Eleazer liamlcn, Israel Lovett, Thomas Arm-
strong, Nicholas Corncy, Jonathan Prescott, Philip
Knaut, Adolph Wiederholt, John Lonus, George Col-
licut, Capt. Jno. Atwood, Jno. Crook, Abraham Brad-
shaw, Edmister Hammond, and Nathaniel Leonard.
They came from Jioston, Kingston, Hanover, Pem-
l)roke, Plymtown, Shrewsbury, Marlborough, Concord,
Lexington, Casco Bay, Piscataqua, Lancaster, Stough-
ton, Rochester, Middleberry, and Littleton, in New
England ; and from Lunenburg and Halifax.

Several of these people brought with them a stock of
cattle, and were better furnished with means of support,
than those who first settled at Lunenburg.

President Belcher, in writing to the Board of Trade
in 1700, said that " persons of considerable substance"
were "engaged" in the township. They had, however,
t<» meet many difficulties, and their early days in their
new home were days of toil and trial.

Chester, originally called " Shoreham," was, in
l)ursuance of an application made by Timothy Hough-
ton, and William Keyes, for themselves and others,
granted by Charles Lawrence, Esquire, Captain-Gene-
ral and Governor-in-Chief, on the 18th day of October,
A. D., 1759. The tract of land erected into a town-
ship, was described in the Grant as fqllows : " situate,
lying, and being at the bottom of Mahone Bay, and
thus abutted and boimded : Beginning at the east side
•"of a small river, called Martin's river, and bounded

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

101

westerly by said river, and to proceed up said rivei to
the first falls, from thence north 28 dog. west, and
there measuring fifteen miles ; thence east 28 deg.
north, measuring eleven miles and a half; thence south
28 deg. east, measuring fifteen miles ; and thence west
28 deg. south, 200 chains, to a headland toward the
bottom of Mahone Bay, on the east side thereof; and
by the said Mahone Bay to the bounds first mentioned ;
comprehending all the islands included in a line from
Murderer's Point, to the Point on the east side of Ma-
hone Bay, above mentioned, as one of the boimdaries
of the said township, containing in the whole by esti-
mation 100,000 acres, more or less, according to a
plan and survey of the same herewith to be registered ;
which township is to be called hereafter, and known by
the name of the township of Shoreham." - ■

The trtict above described, (wiih the resenation of
gold, silver, precious stones, and lapis lazuli,) was
granted unto Timothy Houghton, Wm. Keyee, David
Samson, Phineas Willard, David Dickenson, Jonathan
Samson, Miles Putnam, Solomon Samson, Ephraim
Stone, John Hastings, Jonathan Nicholls, Nathaniel
Butler, Levi Whitcomb, and fifty-two others, of the
Province of Massachusetts Bay, one share ; Francis
Guildard, Patrick Sutherland, Junior, and Kenneth
Sutherland, all of the Province of Nova Scotia, one
share each ; and to Alexander McCulloch, Adam IMc-
Culloch, Murdoch Stewart, George Young, and Thos.
McLanen of said Province, half a share each ; (saving
previous rights of any person or persons,) " each share
and right of said granted premises to consist of 500

iiii

; I

iil^

102 IIISTOIIV OF TIIK

arros, to bo licrcafter divided into ono or more lots to
each share or riiflit, as slmll ho aj^rocd upon.''

A free yearly quit rout of ono shillin^^ .sterlini,^ for
every fifty acres granted, was to ho paid for His Ma-
jesty's use on Michaehuas day, and so in proportion foi"
a greater or lesser (piantity of land so granted. Tlio
first pavnient was to ho made in ten years from tlio (hito
of tlie (irant, and so to continue yearly thereafter for
ever. Should three years rout he at any time unpaid,
and no distress found, tlio grant was to he forfeited.
No alienation or grant of tho premises was to he allow-
ed wilhin ten years from tho date of tho grant, except
hy will, without license from the (roveruor or (*om-
mander-in-Chief. The grantees were to jtlant, cul-
tivate, iuiprove, or enclose, oni; third [)art of the land
within ten years ; one third part within twenty years ;
and tiie remainder Avithin thirty years, from the date of
the grant. It was recorded at Halifax on the 27th
July, 171)2.

The following bounties were granted hv Government
in 1750. . ^ . ,

liounty on Dry (*odfish, per quintal £0 K> (J

Any Pickled Fish, per barrel I*

Hay, pcrewt IS

Potatoes, per bushel 4 <>

Turnips, per bushel 2 3

. AVheat, Ivve, Barley, Peas, ucr bushel... V^ Ci

Henq> and Flax, per lb 10

Stone >A'all, per rod 1 2 (I

" N. it. — This bounty is varied and altered, at tho
|)Ieasure of the Governor and Coiuicil, for tho cn-
(ouragement of settlers, &c." . . , .

COUNTY OF HINEMiUKO.

103

Tilt! ^1111)8 iminod above were calcj'lated in "old
tenor," which was one sixth of sterlinj^.

]»anel staves were soKl at Ilalitax in the same year,
at tw(!lve [)ounds three Hhiliin<,^s per thousand, and
8hinj^les at five pounds eij^dit slullin^s per thous>and,
also in " old tenor."

The earliest birth in Chester is thus rectjrded by
Uev. flohn S;.'eeonibe, J'resbyterian minister. "A. T).,
17()2, July 11. 1 baj)tized Lucy, a ehild of IVnjaniin
and Anna Hrldu;e, beinf; the first ehild born in Chester."

1'he first male ehild born in Ciiestcr, is said to have
been ^^'illiam Shires. In his vouth he was vtTV fond
of astronomy, and afterwards went to Phiujland, and stu-
died th^t science.

A list was kej>t by Mr. Nccc(»ml)e, of those who
•• publickly renewed their baptismal covenant, in order
to the baptism of children," followed by diis entry:
•' Dinali, my ne^ro woman servant, made a j)rofcssion
and confessit)n publickly, and was baptised July 17th,
1774."

Solomon Btishen, a son of Dinah, uid who was
brouiiht to this country as a slave, died near Chester,
on the 24th of June, 1855, in the ninetieth vear of his

age.

The first marriafic was that of Jeremiah Kogers, and
Elizabeth Harlow, widow, on the 20th day of Januaiy,
17()')., fees paid os.

The first recorded death, was that of AVilliam Fitch,
soil of Kbeiiozer and Hannah Fitch, 2 years, 7 months,
and 11 days old, on the 27th November, 1775.
Entered by Ebenezer Fitch, Town CJerk, oji the 29th
of the same month.

i' ■

V '

11:: I

104

HISTORY OF THE

> t

<ii:

For the defence of the town, a bloekliouse, furnished
with twenty small guns, was built near its southern
extremity. At Friday's Point, a part of which is still
retained by Government, earth works were thrown up,
and preparations were made to build a ^'ort; but this
was abandoned. A guardhouse was kc^ on the hill
near the site of the Baptist meeting house.

The blockhouse Avas, when there seemed to be no
further use for it, given by the Government to the late
Dr. Prescott, who made it his dwelling place ; and it
afterwards became the property of the late George
Mitchell, Esq., who, by adding to it, made of it a large
and comfortable homcstcjid, which is now occu})icd by
his widow. The street leading from it northwards, is
still called Fort street.

The following are extracts frmw original papers.

" The township, from east to west, is about eleven miles
by water. Around it, at high water, is thirty-three and a
half miles — containing thirty islands."

" The farm lots of the old proprietors of this township,
in the grant under the name of " Shoreham," and those ad-
mitted as proprietors under said grant, rn the place of the
absentees contained therein, by a Committee appointed by
the Governor and Council for that purpose, arc here regis-
tered to the present proprietors, according to such of their
claims as appeared legal and just, by a careful inspection
and examination of William Morris, and Jonathan Prescott,
Esquires, appointed by Government to examine the same,
and make their report to the Governor, which was accor-
dingly done, March 5th, 1.784."

Present Proprietors. Claims. Acres

1. — Gotlieb HawboU. Purchased. 60
(Then follow in all 101 lots.)

Entithnl unto.
500

COUNTY or LUNENBLMtO.

105

Twelve farm lot8 on the west side of tlic Hiiy, from
Gold river soutli wards, Avere also rej^istercd.

I. — Anthony Vuughan — original proprietor — 200 acres;

entitled to 500.

(Additional names given.)

Charles Morris, Vj8({., by letter dated JauiKiry Tth,
17(S5, made the following suggestion :

" Suppose for instance, the man who has a grant for 500
acres, to draw 100 in the first division, the man who has
100 to draw 20 in the first division, this would bring them
into a compact settlement : the land woidd be the sooner
laid out, and every body set to work, making improvements
immediately, — the after division may be made at leisure."

The Governor's ap[)r)val was signified in the ftdlow-
ing terms :

"I approve of the above plan, and strongly recommend

the laying out the land near the town of Cliester, into small

lots, that is to say — no lot to be above 100 acres, within the

distance c^'six miles of the town."

(Signed,) J. Parr.

This was followed by a letter from Mr. Morris :

" I am directed by the Governor to inform you, that he

intends the money which lias bee » collected from sale of

lots, sluiU be laid out on the Windsor road."

(Signed,) Charles Morris.

The proprietors made application for a meeting,
January 13th, 1785, " to act upon the following
articles :

"1. To choose a moderator.

" 2. To ballot for seven men as Committee of reference.

"3. To consult on most equitable measure for distribu-
tion of lands.

" 4. To ballot for two men to be recommended to Gov-
ernor, as additional magistrates for this county.

'■■f '■

100

iiiSTom uF niE

" 5. To (lot in nil such matters as may be legal, nud
necessary."

Tiiis Avu.s siiined by twenty i)r()))i'i('t()rs, an J ail-
(li'Cs!t;c'(l to Jonathan I'roticott, E.';<(|., Proprietor's Cierk,
wlio isiSMCil " a warrant" on tlic same day, ri'(iuiring all
the projirictors to meet at the lioiisc of Vv'iiiiam Ken-
nedy, Inn holder, on ^foiidav, tlic thii1v-tirst dav of
the same month, at ten o'eloek ; and naming the articles
to be considered at the meeting.

On the ^'ith Febrnary, ITS'), ^Ir. ^Morris addressed
■a hotter to .Jonathan IVeseott, Josiah Marshall, and
Franklin (J. Ftter, Escpiires ; in Avhich he expressed
the satisfaction of the (ioAcrnor, with tlio proceedings
taken by the pi'ojtrietors ; thanked them for tlieir appro_
val of his own endeavors for the public good; promised
to contimie his exertions " in promoting the welfare of
the rising settlement ;'' and wished the inhabitiuits " all
the success and prosj)erity they can wish tliemselves."

RELIGION.

!
1

On the arrival of the Kev. Thomas Lloyd, Mis-
sionary ol' the Society for the Pro})agation of the
(iospel, a meeting was held on tho 21st Si'ptember,
17!>4, to establish a church at Chester.

The first church, forty feet long, by tlilrty broad,
was crecti'd in 17U5, by "the liberal subscri[)tion of
friends to religion, and to the church of En ul and as by
law established." The li^t of subscribci's was headed
by IT is Koyal Highness Prince Edward, fatlier of our
( Jracious (^ueen, for live guineas. 'I'hen lollowed Sir
John A\^'ntworth, (Lieut.-Governor,) Charles, Bisliop

COUKTV OF LUNENBUliO.

1U7

of Nova Scotia, General ()i>llvie, Admiral Murray,
Admiral Vandeput, ^Major DesBrisay, Ivoyal Artillery,
Hon. ( 'a[)tain Coeliran, and other officers tlien servinu"
in tlu' (iarrifJon at Halifax ; al.-^o Hon. John HalH-
hurton, Hon. diaries Morris, and others. The Luthe-
ran chiu'ch at Lunenhuru', licv. INfr. Schmeiser, J). C.
Jesscn, Ks(j., and many more suhscrihed liherally ;
wliile the Parishioners of Chester u'ave sums ran^'in^'
from £(S.13.() downwards.

Jonathan Preset »tt. and Kohert Bethell, were a[)-
pointed the Hrst church wardens, and Franklin (i.
Ktter, John Stevens, and Thomas Thomson were the
first \e>try men.

The followin^i:; ])arti('niars, relati\e to the lamented
death o[ Kev. T, Lh)yd, are extracted from the vestry
hook.

"The Rev. Thomas Lloyd, INIissionary from the Society
for the Propagation of the Gospol, canio to reside in Ches-
ter, in the month of September, 1794. This worthy, and
respectable Missionary perished in an attempt to go throngh
the woods from Chester, to Windsor. Having engaged a
young man as a guide for the journey, he set out on Tues-
day, the 2-ith day of Fel)ruary, 1795, and proceeded about
nine miles, when a dreadful storm of snow, hail, and raiu,
came on, which contimied all the day, and most part of the
night. The next morning, about eight o'clock, he told his
guide to go back to Chester as fast as possible, and bring
him assistance ; wdio, about tliree in the afternoon, reached
a house two miles from that place, nearly exlumsted, and
quite confused, imagining he was still proceeding to Wind-
sor. A mesf!agc from him to the town, caused a party to go
off immediately to INIr, Lloyd's relief, who, after extreme
latigne, exploring their way all night by the help of a
caudle, found his body frozen as hard as a rock, on Thurs-

(11

I lii

.*:!, i

108

HISTOKY OF THE

(lay iMorninp^, about fourteen miles from the town. It is
supposed tliat he perished about noon the preceding day, as
he had travelled but a short distance from the place where
the guide had left him. His remains were brought back,
and decently interred, amidst the groans and lamentations of
all the people of the township. They were all inconsolable
for him, and were persuaded they had lost their best guide,
and director to a future hnppy life."

Rev. Robert Xorns, Missionary of the S. P. G.,
went to Chester, in July, 17117.

In ISll, the firt<t Ordination was held in Cliet^ter,
when Charles In;j!;le.s, A. B. of Windsor, was ordained
Deacon, and appointed to the Pari^ih. He was suc-
ceeded in September, 1817, by Kev. Joseph Wright.
Rev. James Shrevc, A. B., afterwards I). D., took
charge on st April, 1822, and after a nearly life-long
ministry there, was a})pointed Rector of Dartmouth.
He was succeeded July Ist, 1854, by his brother, Rev.
Charles Jessen Shreve, the i)resent Rector. Rev. Her-
bert M. Jarvis, A. B., is the assistant clergyman.

Rev. W. Wein})eer, who was Curate under Rev. Dr.
Shreve, died in Chester after a brief ministrv.

Rev. J. J. Skinner is the resident Baptist Minister.

VISITS OF PRIVATEERS.

Chester was frequently visited by American priva-
teers, and the people were robbed of their cattle, poul-
try, and otlier goods. Many persons who had been
taken p'-isoners, were landed from privateering schoo-
ners, and on the inhabitants remonstrating, they were
told : " You may be glad to get them. Suppose we
had thrown them overboard."

In 1782, three American privateers, under the
pilotage of a Mr. Umlah, who was taken out of a fish-

COUNTY OF LUNENBUUG.

100

inu' s^chooncr, went into the Imrlxn' of Clicster, ami
"omnicnced firing at tlie town. Captain Prescott luul
tlie guns at the bhickhouise h)atled, but tlie powder
being bad, the shot failed to take effect, and it was
feared tlie enemy would enter and gain possession.
Hotter amnumition liaving been ol)tain(*d, one of the
]>iivatecrs was struck, which caused tliem all to retreat
bcliind Xass's Point. '^Fhe crews, fully armed, tlieji
went ashore, and crossed tlie jioint as if prepared for a
land attack. Seeing Captain Prescott on the opposite
side of the harbor, they called to hiin, and asked per-
mission to bury their dead, which it is believed was
only a feint. He replied that if they would stack their
guns, and advance in front of them, he would go down
and make the necessary arrangements. The end of the
conversation was an invitation given to the Captains of
the privateers to take tea with him. During tlic latter
part of the evening, and while they were enjoying
themselves under his hospitable roof, a loud knock was
heard at the door, vhiVh was followed by a son of the
Ciiptain asking him in a very audible voice, where he
should billet one hundred men sent from Lunenburg by
Colonel Creighton. " Biliet them" the old gentleman
replied, "in Houghton's barn," and turning to his
guests, he said, " Gentlemen, I will be ready for you
in the morning." This of course was a ruse, and well
served its purpose, although the hundred men never
made their appearance.

Grey cloaks, lined with scarlet, were fashionable in
those days, and were often worn with the lining out-
wards. Some of the women of Chester, as has been
told in old times of the women of Wales, shewing the

HlStOUY OF TIIK

I t

I I

military color, wore at a distance puppo.sed In' tlic pri-
vateers to l)C " Ue^aihirs" and were considered, with tlie
*' arrival from Liinenburir,'' too formidable a force to
encounter.

Cannon balls, that had been fired ))V privateers,
were ploughed out on liarry's lots, and other places,
forty years ai^o.

CHASE AND EXPLOSION OF "TEAZER."

One of the j)rettiest sights ever seen in the watei-s ot
th(^ county, was the [)«n'suit of the American ])rivateei'
*' Yctung Teazer," in 1813. '^Fhis was witnes.-ed by
John Jleckman, Ksf]., the })resent Registrar of Deeds,
Avho was tlien C^iptain of the guard on duty at the
blockhouse, near Lunenburg, and by mnny others.
The vessel had been for some time chased by the priva-
teer " Sir John Shcrbrooke," an IH gun brig, comman-
ded by (/aptain J()se[)h FreemaUs belonging to Liver-
pool, N. S., but was at last shut out from vieu' by the
fog. One of the men of the " Sir John Shcrbrooke"
now resident at Lunenburg, informed the writer that
the " La rlogue" (74), the frigate "Orpheus," another
frigate named the " (\'istor," and the " ]Manly," a brig
of war, Averc in }nn'suit of the " Teazer,"' which vessel
had proNcd very destructive to trade and commerce.

The Captain of the Teazer ran in, and when off the
eculpin rock, (lying in mid channel) seeing that he was
closely followed by the " Orpheus,"' tacked ship, and
etood over for Spindler's Cove, when he again tacked,
and went out with a fair wind between Cross Island,
and Eastern Points, and got into Chester Bay, inside
of Big Tancook. The La Iloguc and Orpheus con-

COCNTY OF LUXENiUIlO.

Ill

(Iniicd the cIimsc, and the Aviiul liaviiifr failed, boatb
were t^cnl oH' from tliesc shipt*, which followed the
" Teazer" lor t^oine distance, when an ofKeer of the
latter, who iiad deserted from the Jiritisli service, fear-
Inii: the pnnishnient that awaited him if ean;^ht. set fire
to tlie maj^^'izine, and hlew n[) the vessel. This was
stated hy one of the 'J'eazer's men in »Fa"i at Ijimenhurg,
to one of tlio crew of the " Sir ffohn Sherhrooke,"
i)efore I'cfened to, and he added, " Me saw yon alter
us, and it \\'onld lune heen well liad yoii taken us/'
The noisf! of the ex})losion was terrific. (Jeo. Dnnean,
then residinu," at Kast Chester, who was at the time re-
turninu' i'vi>^\i [iUnenbur^' in his boat, told the writer
that thoii'ih ten or twehe miles distant, lie felt the
shock sensibly. '^I'he wreck was towed ashore on
Xass's or Eastern Island, r Chester, when it Ava^

found that the hull had been blown awav at the scarf of
the keel. The foremast and bows[)rit were left stand-
ing, the first of which, made of Norway pine, was sold
for twenty dollars. AVhat remained of the hull, con-
structed of the best American oak, was sold to George
iNlitchell, Esquire for a few dollars, and still lies in or
near the foun(hition of one of the stores built bv him.
Some of the crew were carried to Lunrnbnrg on Sun-
day, the day after the explosion, and placed in Jail.
One of them had a leg amputated by f^-. Bobnan, and
remained in Lunenburg for some time.

]\Ir. eTosiah ^Marvin, with David Evans and others,
including John Pentz, who fainted at the sight pre-
sented on nearhig the wreck, took the remains of two of
the crew to Chester, and had them inten-ed in the
churchyard. One man kid his head blowu off, and

h I

4y>

i 1

l.i

112

HISTORY OF THE

Jjoth Ic^s wore gone below the knees. A basket was
l)rouu:lit asliore, c itainingan infant's clothes, a pair of
scissors, needle case, and a lot of books, among which
was one entitled the " Care Killer/'

Tho " Teazer," was from sixty to seventy feet keel,
coppered, j)aintcd black, with a carvx'd alligator for her
figure head ; had her bulwarks filled in with cork up to
the rails : and was provided wiih a **lorig tom" forward,
mounted on a swivel, and another large gun on deck.
She was a very fast sailer, could be rowed with her six-
teen gweeps five knots an hour, and was a cause of
nnich dread to coasters and others.

The following reconl is preserved of the deposition
v,f one of the officers of the ill-fated vessel, made before
Francis Kudolf, and John Creighton, Esqs., Justices
of the Peace at Ijunenburg.

''Examination of EHsha Gunnison, Carpenter of the late
American privateer 'Young Teazer,' taken 28th June, 1813 :
The said Elisha Gunnison deposes that on the 27th of June,
being nearly oft Lunenburg, saw a sail to windward. All
hands were called to make sail and out sweeps. At two p,
m., discovered another sail to leeward. At four p. m., both
vessels took the wind, landlocked, and compelled us to run
iu to Mahone Bay. The sail which appeared to leeward of
us proved to be Her Majesty's ship ' La Hogue' (74), which
chased us into the mouth of the Bay, and cam<j to an
anchor, and immediately manned and sent her boats after
us, the La Hogue's boats being nearly three miles off. It h
supposed that the Teazer was blown up intentionally by
some of the crew. The explosion was great and destruc-
tive. Out of thirty-six men who were then on board, eight
only were saved, including this deponent, two of whom were
much hurt. All were thrown into the water, and one of

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

113

lliem with (liniciilty readied tlic boat astern, cut tlic painter,
and picked up the surviving seven, and immediately rowed
the boat a^liore, and surrendered themselves to one Martin
IJafuse, residing on Anshutz's Island in Malionc Bay afore-
said, wlio brought and delivered them at Lunenburg. Their
names are as follows, namely : John IMichel, John Carlo,
Hicluird Vanvost, .Tocn Pico, Lewis D. Mott, Charles
Wheatman, .John Cahoon."

Kc'sultin<,^ from these facts, n superstition has arisen
amongst the inliabitants of tiie Lslands in Cliester Jiay,
that tlic " Teazcr," like the liviu'^ Dutchman of old,
supernaturaliy revisits the waters in which she met her
fate ; and the " Teazer ligiit" has lon<^ been a matter of
alarm to many, while passing over Cliester Bay.

It is said that tlie La Iloguc, r('(|uirini; a Pilot,
hailed a schooner, commanded by C'ajit. Allen, going
iTom Dover to Tancook ; the signal was given, and the
schooner not heaving to, a shot was fired, which went
through the mainsail, and had t}\e desired effect. Tiie
sum of eleven poiuids Avas jiaid for pilotage to Halifax.
Two of the crew of the ' La Ilogue,' by permission, left
tluit vessel at Halifax and w^ent to Windsor. The ship
having been ordered home sooner than was expected,
they were left behind. One of them John Erasmus
Anderson, who had been armourer on board the La-
Hogue, was born at Lerwick, Slietland Isles, and was
pressed into the service at the age of twelve years. He
bought a jiicce of land, settled in Windsor, and there
married. kSubscquently to his wife's decease, he rcmo-
Acd to Cliester, where he again married. Mr. Ander-
son was an ingenious worker in brass and iron. Some
of his recollections of his early days were very intcr-
8

114

HISTORY or THE

eating. He frequently referred to tlie pious tenohings
of his mother in the far off Shetlands, rcmenil)ering
particularly one oft-repeated remark made while wash-
ing him, "Johnny, I can wash your body, but God
only can Avash your heart." lie died in Chester, where
his daughter and grsmd-childrcn resided, until their
recent removal to liridgcwater.

There is no place in the Province, which offers
greater advantages than Chester, to those who wish to
escape from the dust and heat of the city, and enjoy for
a while the jjleasures of rural life. Situated in the
midst of enchanting scenery, with Hotel accommodation
second to none in the country, as all who have lodged
at either the " Mulgrave," or "Chester" House can
testify ; having excellent facilities for sea bathing and
boating ; with good fishing in lake and river ; and
within easy distance of the capital, it ought to become
one of those places of resort for pleasure, or health,
which are elsewhere considered indispensable.

The " Chester Soap, Candle and Oil Company,"
(R. D. Clarke & Co.) have opened a manufactory, in
which steam is used as the motive power. Several
varieties of soap and candles are there prepared, and are
pronounced to be of excellent quality. It is hoped that
the proprietors will find their business profitable, and
that the works which they and others have commenced
may be but some out of many, which shall yet impart
greater life and activitj' to a village, blest with many
facilities for manufactures.

COUNTY OF LUNRNBURO.

115

ISLANDS IN CHESTER BAT.

Chester Bay is celebrated for the beauty of its

♦' Fairy crowds
Of islands, which together lie,
As nuietly as spots of sky

Among the evening clouds."

They, with others between ** Lalldve" and ** Scsam-
bre" were calletl by Champlain ♦<The Martyrs," on
account of the Frenchmen formerly killed on some of
them by the Indians. He also wrote, " the islands and
shores are full of pines, firs, birches, and other inferior
timber. The catch of fish there is abundant, and so is
the quantity of birds."

TANCOOK.

The largest island is called *' Big Tancook," in con-
tradistinction to another island near by, known as
*' Little Tancook." Its original name was "Queen
Charlotte^s island ;" and it was owned by Col. Patrick
Sutherland. It is situated about seven miles from
Chester ; is three miles long, and one broad ; contains
750 acres ; and in 1845, had a population of 310, with
70 children attending the common school. The inha-
bitants, having had excellent land, which has yielded
plentiful crops, coupled with facilities for fishing, have
advanced in prosperity, and many of them are indepen-
dent. There is a Baptist meeting house on the island.
The Rev. Mr. Baker is the resident minister.

OAK ISLAND.

Among the islands none is so widely known a«
*' Oak island," famous for the search from time to time
made there, for the treasure supposed to have been
buried by the pirate Captain Kidd. The origin of the

I - )

lie

lIISTOIir OF THE

affair in, tliat in 1791), a man named McGinni^s, lIvln'T
on tlic main land, wiien visitin'; the island saw a f)lock
on the branch of an oak tree, and, inuncdialely nndcr
it, a ispot which was proved to fnivc been disturbed, by
a growth of r"d clo s cr, which did not exist elsewlicrc.
On retnrnin<^ to the main land, he called uj)on two
men, named JJall and Van^dian, who went back with
him. lliese three dw^ down ten feet, and f'oui.d a
mark, and at each successive ten feet some other mark,
with platforms of plank, until they reachwl u depth of
ninety feet. They then left the place for further help,
and on returning; found forty feet of water in the pit.
The work has been proceeded with from time to time
by different companies formed for the purpose.

It is said that a person who was engaged to bore,
once discovered, on washing his augur, something
which caused him to ai)pcar confused, and that having
returned home, he told some friends, a mcmth before
liis death, that he expected a fortune from an island in
jMahonc Bay, and shewed them a piece of gold which
he declared had been obtained there. It is also said
that a sailor in the United States, when dying, informed
liis friends that money had been hid by a party to which
lie belonged, on an island in the same Bay, but that he
had been afraid to go back.

A few years ago, after boring for a long time, the
searchers reported that the augur shewed signs of hav-
ing gone through soft wood. It then made a sudden
fall of several inches, and went through oak, or some
other hard wood, immediately after which it worked
loose, as if among pieces of metal, and it wa» said that
a piece of a small gold chain was brought up. This
report greatly raised the hopes of the speculators, who

COUNTY OF LirNENBURO.

117

cd
icli
he

gave notlop tliat tlio trciiHuro woiilfl l)o rftlurd ||^ic noxt
morniiiLr, hut when the niornin^ came, it had "sunk
(»ut of loaoli," and tho hottoni of the [)it wae* fiHcd with
eoft nuid. Thoy then ])r<><'ced<'d to sink otiier pitiji,
deep enough to work under, a;* from a fj^aUory, to ohtaiii
that which had iso myHtcriouHly eluded ♦'> "ir jrranp.
This was effected ho far an to enahlc one ' 't - • o jj^ct
to the nvinired spot, hut lie was sud«lenlj iven nack
by an influx of water. As the water suhwided witii tiie
tide, the workmen were convinced that there must he a
drain seawards. Tliis was discovered to he the fact.
The motith of the drain havinij; I)een uncovered, it was
found to have been formed hy lar^e boulders placed
small end downwards, while the interstices of the
broader sides were filled in with cocoa-nut fibre, so as
to prevent the sand from falling in. The last and most
sensible project, was to' build a c )lfer dam outside,
beyond the mouth of this drain, of sufficient strength
and height to prevent the influx of the tide.

A steam engine was employed to pump the water
from the pits, and a large number of men were engaged,
often laboring at the risk of their lives. The works
have been for some time abamh)ned, but it is said that
operations will be again resumed. The most advanced
counties in the Province have furnished the largest
number of stockholders in the companies which have
been formed to prosecute the search, and notwithstand-
ing their repeated failures, men of much intelligence
express a belief that the treasure will yet be brought to
the surface. • '

The pits were dug on the farm formerly owned by
John Smith, who was born in IJoston, Mass., August
20th, 1775, and died on the island, after a residence

I'i M

II.

118

HISTORY OF THE

there of seventy-one years, on the 29th September,
1857. He brought up his children very re8j)ectnbly.
His (laughter Mary, lived in the family to which the
writer belongs, for sixteen years, and he takes pleasure
in here mentioning her name, remembering with grati-
tude her faithful attention in the days of his childhood.
One of the best farms on the island was owned by
Samuel Ball, a colored man. lie was once a slave, in
the United States ; but at the lie volution left his mas-
ter, adopting his name, and came with the Loyalists to
Chester.

QUAKER ISLAND.

Quaker island, situated a little over a mile from the
town of Chester, received its name from the circum-
stance that a number of Quakers emigrated from New
England, and wishing to prosecute the whale fishery,
were anxious to purchase it, and make it head quarters
for fitting out their vessels. Having been unable to
secure it, they abandoned the scheme, and returnea
home. A very fine view of Chester and the bay, is
obtained from the highest point of the island. The
shore fronting the town is formed by a pretty shelving
sand beach, on which some handsome shells are found.

I -I

CLAY AND SAND ISLANDS.

Clay island, a short distance from Quaker island,
furnishes superior material for brick making, and
Mason's island, near Tancook, supplies builders at Ha-
lifax, and other places, with sand of good quality.

A quiet home on one of the islands, was, about
the year 1824, suddenly turned into a house of deepest
mourning. Four brothers were engaged in building a
water fence, when one of them, whose reason, God in

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

110

his inscrutable Providence had darkened, seizinji the
opportunity, wliile his brothers were stooping in front
of him, struck one of them with a crowbar; another tied
to the water, whither he was pursued, and simiharly
dealt with. The fourth brother managed to escape to
the house, and, but for him, the mother would have
shared the fate of the deceased brothers. This event
deprived the already afflicted family of their main sup-
port, and cast a gloom over the neighboring village,
where an extensive family connection were called to
bewail with them the sad loss sustained under such
harrowing circumstances.

In 1821 the bay Avas frozen, from Chester to Tan-
cook, and loaded teams passed between the two places.
Frederick Clattenburg, who lived at East Chester, left
Chester late in the afternoon, and was found the next
day, lying dead between the Tancooks. It is supposed
that he became fatigued, and was unable to reach thn
island.

During this winter, persons skated from Zink's
Point, near Chester, to Tancook ; and from thence to
Murderer's Point, Winter's island, 'uid Young's land-
ing, near Lunenburg. The ice is described by one of
the skaters, as having been very thick, and as smooth
as glass. Vessels belonging to the county were at
anchor outside of Green island. This happened on
Friday, and on the following Tuesday the bay was free
from ice.

Puncheons of molasses, and barrels of flour, were
hauled in 184(), from Aspotogon to Blandford, and
thence on the ice to Chester. Lot Church went to
Tancook March 28th, and to Blandford April 7th, with

I m.

120

HISTORY OF THE

a horse and islcigh. In February, Chas. Lordly, Etiq.,
had goods hauled from Shoal Cove by three pairs of
oxen, and two liorses. The ice was cut with axes to a
depth of two feet, without finding water. In ]March,
John Corkum hauled hay with oxen from Tancook to
Chester ; and on the 15th of April, hay was hiudcd
from Nass's island to Chester. Onre since then, per-
sons left Tancook, intending to go to Chester, but when
they reached Mark island, near the latter ])lace, they
were obliged to return, owing to a rent in the ice. Of
late years the winters have been much less severe, and
the ice has not been sufHcic:itlv stronj:: to admit of
travelling over it, except for short distances.

NEW ROSS.

New Ross, formerly called Sherbrooke, was settled
in the year 1816, by disbanded soldiers of the Nova
S?otia Fencibles, and Newfoundland Kegiment, under
the charge of Captain AVilliam Koss, to whom, with
sixty-seven others, the original Grant was made, and is
as follows :

" Nova Scotia.

(Koyal Arms.)
(Signed,) Daliiousih.

Geouge the Third by the Grace of (iod, &c.

Greeting.
To all to whom these presents shall come :
Know ye that we, of our special grace, certain
knowledge, and mere motion, have given and granted,
and by these Presents for us, our heirs and successors,
do give and grant, imto Captain AVillium Koss, and
sixty-seven others of the disbanded troops, Thirteen

tho^

botll

thrd

am(]|

the

Capi

EdN^

five
five
acre
acre;
&c.,
.A

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

121

tlioiisand acres of land, ii^ituate, lyini,s and beinj? on
both sides of the now puhlic road, leadin^r from Halifax,
through Hainmond\s I'lains to Annaj)olis to he divided
among them in the following proportions, to wit : unto
the said Ca])tain ^Mlliam Koss, eight hundred acres ;
Captain John Evans, eight hundred acres ; Lieutenant
Edwd. Enwright, five hundred acres ; James S. AVells,
five hundred acres ; Quarter-^Nlaster Sergt. John Hunt,
five hundred acres ; Samuel Steele, three hundred
acres ; Sergcant-iMajor James Brown, three hundred
acres ; Sergeant Joseph Gates, three hundred acres,"

Minerals were reserved to the Crown, and the land
granted was subjected to a yearly quit rent of two shil-
lings stcrlini>' for each one hundred acres, after the
expiration of two years ; three acres were to be worked
in five years for every fifty granted ; three neat cattle
were to be kept for every fifty acres of barren ; — one
al)le hand was to be kept for three years in cutting
wood, clearing, or digging stone quarries, for every
fifty acres of rocky land ; and if the soil was fit for the
purpose, a proportionable part was to be sowed with
hemp or flax

The grant was signed by Kupert I). George, and
Ivichard Jno. Uniacke, and dated December '2'2d, 1S19.

Of the original grantees none survive ; while of their
wives but eight remain, including the Avidow of the
officer who was in charge, still residing in the old
homestead with her son, George Koss, Es([uire.

Many are the tales of hardships undergone in the
early settlement of the place. Strong arms, and brave
hearts, were required to face the difficulties of the new

122

HISTORY OF THE

position. Henry Winrow, father of three of the pre-
sent inhabitants, was once nearly lost in the woods, and
lived for ei^^Jit days upon berries, and such other food
as njiture provided.

Some of the settlers, including Captain Koss and
family, when on their way to lialifiax, in the " Arch-
duke Charles," were wrecked in the Gut of Canseau.
On their arrival, in another vessel, they were most hos-
pitably entertained by the late John Lawson, Esquire,
and from him the lake near Ca})t. Koss's residence was,
in gratitude, named ''Lake Lawson," while as a fur-
ther mark of respect, the first white child ])orn in the
settlement, being a son of Capt. Koss, received for his
christian name, "Lawson." The Ross famuy pre-
viously suffered shipwreck in 1812, off the Tuskar
rock, south coast of Ireland ; at which time the works
were in progress for the erection of the present light-
house. Capt. lioss's eldest son, now a resident of this
Province, was saved by the workmen on the rock, in
companionship with a monkey, both being tied in the
same bag. A son, afterwards born, received as one of
jiis names, " Irlam," in remembrance of the ship which
then perished.

The following was published in the Gazette, in ihe
latter part of 18 IG, or beginning of 1817 :

" To THE Editors of the Gazette.

"In July last," (say 1816), '' when the Newfoundland,
and Nova Scotia Regiments were disbanded in IluHfax, lauds
were offered by Government to such of tlie officers and
soldiers as were disposed to cultivate them, and remain in
the Province ; and also agricultural implements, and provi-
sions. Forty -three persons, who had belonged to the above

this
in

the
of

lich

ihe

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

123

regiments, immediately set out for the county of Lunenburg,
and by great and persevering exertions, liave formed in it
an interesting, friendly, and happy settlement, and have
given to it the name of ' Sherbrooke,* in compliment to our
late very worthy Governor. The following verses, dedica-
ted to William Eoss, Esquire, late of the Nova Scotia Regi-
ment, are the hasty effusion of John Harris, Esquire, (Sur-
veyor,) who lately visited the settlement, and was much

gratified to witness the improvements made there."

"A. B."
ROSE BANK.

"Well nigh upon six thousand years •

Obscure t\m maiden country lay,
Till Sherbrooke deign'd to pierce the gloom.
And give its beauties to the day.

Since ancient Noah's time of old,
WJien earth and air absorbed the flood,
This pleasant stream has onward rolled,
Obscurely murmuring through the wood.

All bounteous nature strewed the seeds,
And bade the waters wash them down,
And all the margin of the shore
With grass and fragrant roses crown.

And fate decreed in time of yore.
That Ross should nurse the rising fame
Of Rose Bank, * on that water's shore
So fondly called by Lawson's f name.

Ila ! whence that voice which loudly calls.
And strikes the air with keen surprise ?
The lowing kine from Rose Bank's stalls,
lla ! that's the source whence wealth must rise.

From Sherwood's lodge X to Sherbrooke's lake
The hardy sons of war are found ;
Here they their peaceful dwellings make ;
Here herds and tlocks shall graze around.

O, while they cultivate the soil,
i\Iay sacred friendship bear the sway,
Ameliorate their daily toil.
And plenteous crops their cares repay.

* root. Ross's residence.

t Nnnie of Luke.

X Ctipt. Evan's residence.

Mill?

124

HISTORY OF THE

l\m

The clmrch at New Ross wnei commonocd in 1828
or '4, and received the appellation of " Ciirit?t'.s elmrch."
The ^Misjijon ceased to l)e an outpost of Chester in
1854. Its first resident cleriryman w:is the Rev. Thos.
D. Ruddle, who has been followed successively by Rev.
Walter 8. Gray, Rev. David C. ]\Ioore, and the pre-
sent incunil)ent, Rev. Philip II. Brown.

There is also licrc a Roman Catholic chapel, under
the charfje of the Priest for the county, one fourth of
the population of the settlement, belonging to that
Communion.

A Ba])tist meeting house has also been erected in
later years, but there is no settled minister of this
denomination.

Great inconvenience having been felt in consequence
of there being two settlements in the Province bearing
the name of " Sherbrooke," the one now under consi-
deration was chanii'cd to " New Ross," dining the
administration of Lord ]\Iulgrave, in honor of his Lord-
ship, whose second title is derived from the town of
New Ross, in Ireland.

A drawing by Captain Ross, of the first house built
in the settlement, is still preserved ; together with a
dining table, and mounted Qgg cup, made from the first
maple tree there felled.

Many of the early settlers lived to a good old age,
no less a number than eleven, having attained at their
decease, from eighty to ninety years.

SHERWOOD.

The settlement of Sherwood, is included in the same
grant with Shcrbrooke, Captain John E ns, the father

COL'NTY OF LUNENBURG.

125

of the present Cliarles Evans, Esquire, of C'licster,
liavinf!; been in cliarn;e of tliat Di.striet, Avliicli is situated
ten miles nearer Halifax, on the old military road.
Capt. E ans was bom in ^lanchester, En<j,land, and
held com !n^^ 'ions from His ^Majesty Kinjj^ George the
Third, In thi 8r)tli and 81st lieuiments, in tlie Koval
Liverpool A olunteers, and the Eoyal Xe>vfoundland
Fencibles. Lieut. Enwri;j;ht, and Harris and JJeatty
Avent to Sherwood with Capt. Evans. Ser^t. Hazlitt,
one of the settlers, who was goin^ to Sherwood, from
Chester, was foimd under a tree, frozen to death.
Sherwood is now known as the Levy settlement.

Governor Lawrence, a military man, in writing to
the Lords of Trade, and Plantation;^, and referring to
the settlements made by disbanded troops, gives the
following, as his opinion. " According to my ideas of
the military, which I offer Avith all posj;il)le deference
and submission, they arc the least qualified, from their
occupation as soldiers, of any men living, to establish a
new country, where they must encounter ditliculties
with which they are altogether unacquainted."

BLANDFORD AND BAYSWATER.

The first inhabitants of Blandford were Irish people,
named jMurphy, Carroll, Hollehoru, Keating, Fannen,
Iviley, and others. They lived on both sides of the
Peninsula; made fishing their occupat'mu in summer,
and spent the winter in cutting cord wood. The foun-
dations (jf some of their huts can still be traced.

In or about the year 1809, sons belonging to the

families of Publicover, Seab<.

Misi

mger.

Zink,

Gates, and others, at Kose Bay, and Lunenburg, pur-

'Wi ;>!

FTi

'['! '

Pll

?!''

ifiJ

, I

126

HISTORY OF THK

chased land from Hon. Mr. Cochran, (who had ob-
tained a grant from Aspotogon southwards,) and remo-
ved to Blandford. The first German settlers at Sandy
Beaches, on the eastern side of the Peninsula, were
Kichard, and Knickle, who went thither from Lunen-
burg*

By an act of the Legislature passed in 1865, Sandy
Beaches, North- West Cove, South-West Cove, Cole-
man's Cove, and Aspotogon harbor, were all included
under the appropriate name of " Bayswater."

The inhabitants of the Peninsula retain the primitive
simplicity and warm hospitality of their forefathers.

Two churches have been built at Blandford, and
Bayswater, and the first resident clergyman, Rev.
Richard Payne, is still the incumbent of both.

It is asserted that a ship was once Avrecked at Her-
ring Cove, on the south-east point of Blandford, that
the sailors having escaped to the shore, left some
women on board, who perished ; and that a loud noise
frequently heard, as if proceeding from a horn blown
\vith great power, is cor^iected with the above incident.
It is well known, however, that there are in many
places on the coast, holes worn in the rocky cliffs,
through which the sea dashes, and the wind roars, with
tremendous force; the noise caused by which, probably
gives rise to the superstition referred to.

ASFOTOOON.

Aspotogon, rising on this Peninsula to a height of
between four and five hundred feet, is the most elevated
point on the south coast of the Province, and is gene-
rally the first land seen on arrival from England or the

COUNTY OP LUNENBURG.

127

West Indies. From a boulder on the summit, referred
to by iNIr. Poole in his (jieok)gical report, one of the
most extensive views in Nova Scotia is obtained. Near
the base of Aspotogon, on tlie west shore of St. Mar-
garet's Bay, is a miniature harbor, called the " chimney
corner," from the position of the rocks which form the
entrance. There is a granite boulder in the vicinity, of
about forty tons weight, which formerly rested on three
smaller boulders on the side of the cliff. After several
vain attempts, it was at last dislodged by fishermen,
and rolled down into the water. There is on the
Blandford side, an arm of the sea, which runs up to the
base of Aspotogon, called " Deep Cove," the watei of
which is of sufficient depth for a large ship to lie close
to the rock. The road to Blandford passes between this
deep water, and the western end of Aspotogon, and
presents from its small breadth, a somewhat dangerous
appearance to the traveller. No difficulty is, however,
experienced, except when the road is very icy. Hun-
dreds of tons of stone have rolled down the face of
Aspotogon. which is covered with " destruction's splin-
ters," suggesting from their position that in the words
of the Poet they had been

*' In nature's rage, at random thrown."

MILL COVE AND FOX POINT.

Between Bayswatrr, and the Post road to Halifax,
lie the settlements of Mill Cove, and Fox Point, inha-
bited by persons who, chiefly depending on the preca-
rious produce of the fisheries, and with indifferent land
for tillage, have not achieved the same independence as
those residing in the more favored portions of the

!l '

! 'i

ILMi

s
t

j ■■ '

128

IIISTOUY OF THE

countv, yet improvement is ])lainly vi.xihlc, and a «no-
ccssf'ul fij^liin;^ season or two would load to further

profjrcss.

SCOTCH COVE.

Sootoli Cove, now called Kant Chester, wa? origin-
ally settled by John Iluteh nson, John Duncan, Thos.
Thomson, and others; most of whom came from Glas-
gow, and Edlnhurgh. Some of the grants were given
for service in the lirltish army, and were made l)y Lord
William C*amj)l)ell, Lieutenant-Governor; consisting ot
about two hundred and fifty acres each, subject to a
quit rent of one farthing an adre. John Duncan came
from Edinburgh. Six brothers left there at different
times for America, and emigrating to various places,
never heard of each other afterwards. Two descendants
of Mr. Duncan, Jno. and George, both lately deceased,
good and worthy men, long resided at East Chester,
where their families are still settled. They narrated to
the writer the difHculties that were encountered when
they were without roads, and the j>eople had to carry
their provisions on their backs. George Duncan was
one of those drafted for service at Halifax, during the
American war. As his mother was largely de})endcnt
on him for support, he was allowed a second chance of
escape, but was again drafted, and was absent from
home from November until April. He and his com-
rades were employed in getting out fascines, and hew-
ing timber for forts. Having obtained leave of absence
for a month, he returned home by land, when, for
much of the journey, there was not even a foot path.
In those days the mails from Halifax to Chester, were

.*#:»■

COUNTY OF UJNENnUUO.

129

cnt
of

0111

111-
w-

ICC

3rc

oarricd n I;i Iliiimnoiid's IMiiin.s ; H()?iiotlino8 on liorse-
l)ji('k, !Ui(l at other times on foot. IMttn, Sullivan, and
Johnson, were mail carriers on thin route. One of
them, ( Pitts,) was onee taken hv Mr. Duncan in a
Hchooner to Indian liarhor, because it was impossihle to
travel tin- interveniiifx distance l»y land. T\h'. mail was
carried in a small knai)sack, and the whole [>ackage did
not exceed five pounds in weijj^ht.

RIVERS.

The eastern, or main hraneh of Eastern river,
empties out of Timber lake, which is over three miles
in leiiL'tli. and of almost ecpial breadth; it flows south
t^astwardly thnnigh a chain of lakes, until it meets the
western branch, which has its source in Kanaw lake, of
about the same size as Timber lake, and runs thence
south Mcstwanlly to Queen's CyO\-c, nine miles from its
source, at the bottom of Chester Bay, six miles east of
the town of Chester.

JVIiddie river has its source in the rear of the Levy
scttleiiK'ut, between the road to New Koss, and the
road to Windsor, and flows through a number of lakes
on its way to, and at the Grant settlement; continues
its course about twelve miles in a southwardly direction,
and empties into Chester Bay, three miles west of
Chester.

Gold river commences at Island lake, on the new
road from Xew Ross to the AViiidsor road, and flows
througli several small lakes, and nine mile lake ; thence
through Harris and other lakes to lake Lawson, and
emptying out of the same, flows about twelve miles in a
serpentine course, until it reaches Chester Bay at the

m..

130

IIISTOUY or TIIK

western nliorc, nix inilcj^ west of the town of C'licstcr.
On ii l)ian('h of tliis river, ahout ei^Iit miles from its
month, there are falls some twenty feet in h('in;ht.
Below the falls are lar<,^e ronnd holes like wells, called
*' the pots," worn in the rocks hy the action of the
water. The noise of the falls can he heard at eiomc
distance. There are also falls on the main river.

There is a tradition that ;;old was ori^inallv found
at the river, hy early French settlers, and hence ita
nam(!. Another authority asserts that the name was
" Cionld river," and became ehan«,^ed to its present ap-
l)cllation. Tiie first discovery of <i;oU\, of which Ave
have positive information, was made by Messrs. Daniel
Dimock and David AVhitford, on the 2()th .June, IcSOl.
Some very fine specimens were obtained in the same
year. Subsequently ^fessrs. Crane and IJriscoc, gen-
tlemen from the United States, enga^^ed in gold mining,
and incurred much ex[)ensc in making a road, and
erecting a steam crusher. The enterprise was aban-
doned, but not from the want of an encouraging supply
of the treasure sought for.

The following arc extracts from the official report on
the INIincs of Nova Scotia for 1809 :

" At Gold River, near Chester, extensive explorations
have been carried on during the year by Mr. INIicliel, by
whom I have been furnished with a report of their extent
and results. Upwards of 2000 feet of trenching has been
dug, and 10 shafts have been sunk, to depths varying from
15 to 30 feet, and tunnels driven between them. Tiie follow-
ing extract from his report is a statement of the result of the
operations :

' 1st. The discovery of five leads, of which four appear

COUNTY OT LUNENIJUUG.

131

to 1)0 tlio contimintion of tliosc already known on the banks
of Gold river in other properties. These leads, "whijli mea-
sure from 2 to 5 inoliea, all contain visible gold, and often in
notal)le (piantity. IMy niechanieal assays, whieh have been
made on nearly 500 lbs. of fpuirtz, powderc»l and washed
with care, or amalgamated, as also the assays of Dr. Dana
Hayes, of specimens in which no gold was visible, give to
these leads a mean yield of S20 per ton.

'2nd. The encounter, either at the surface of the ground,
or buried at the depth of several feet, of numerous boulders
of quartz, more or less large, in the most of which tlie gold
is visible. Several of these boulders, when powdered and
•washed, arc very rich in gold. The principal ore, coming
from a lead not yet found, of to 12 inches thickness, ton*
tains several dollars worth of gold in sights.

' 3rd. The waslr'ng, by rocker of the gravel coming from
the neighborhood of the leads, or from the bank of Gold
river, has had the result of separating a quantity, more or
less considerable, of specks of gold. This exploration will
probably be continued next year. The leads appear to grow
richer toward the west.' "

The following extract is from Dawson's *' Ac^idian
Geology," page G35 :

" The Chester Mining Company," have opened shafts on
some of their gold veins on Gold River, w hich are said to
be very promising ; one sample tested having given 77 dwt.
gold, and 12 oz. silver per ton. Alluvial sand from the
banks of Gold Kiver, is said to Imve afforded to Professor
How, gold at the, rate of 14 dwt. 10 grains, to the ton.
This last fact is of some interest, as indicating the possible
occurrence of auriferous alluvia, which seem to be rare ia
Nova Scot:a.; but perhaps might reward more careful
search, more especially in the lotver part of the boulder
clfty, and in the bottom of the beds of more recent alluvial

«i

TTCT

132

IIISTOllY OF THE

sand and gravel. Even poor deposits of this kind might be
made to pay, by the metliods of hydraulic wasliing on a
large scale, now in use in California."

The largest lake is that known as " VAg Sherbrooke
lake," nine miles in length, and two in widtii.

There are no islands in the main lake, but " Onlly
lake" connected with it has two, one of which is called
♦' Norway island" from the pine gi'owing on it.

The largest lake is noted for its fish, (Salmo
Ferox,^ mentioned under the head of " Natui J his-
tory." In 1864, Lieut. -Colonel Sinclair took a num-
ber of these fish, while on a visit at New lioss.

1 '

; i

i '-2

III

■HH

-pBf

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

John Cueigiiton, the first person named in the
Lunenburg Grant was born in 1721, at Glastonbury, in
England, a town famed for its " niinous remains " of
one of " tlie great abbacies of the middle ages," and
came to Nova Scotia in 1749, in the " Cliarlton"
Frigate, Captain Richard Ladd. lie was a Lieutenant
in the army, and served under Geo. II. and III. ; saw
some hard service on the Continent of Europe, and was
wounded at the battle of Fontenov. He was " amonj;
the officers discharged ai the peace of Aix la Chapelle,
in 1748, and was placed on the half pay of Colonel
Warburton's Kegiment of Foot."

Colonel Creighton was sent by Lord Cornwallis to
settle a number of the first emigrants from Germany at
Lunenburg ; and was connnanding officer of the block-
house, then situated in Cook's lot, when the town was
invaded by American privateers. As Colonel of the
militia, he was much respected by the men who served

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

133

under liim. He was a Justice of the Peace, and a
Judge of the Inferior Court ; was esteemed a shrewd
and clever IVIagistrate ; and was generally consulted on
matters of public importance. In 1798 he gave £100
to the funds raised by " loyal subscriptions" in aid of
Government.

Lord William Campbell, in a letter dated 17th
September, 17G7, wrote: *'Mr. E. Crawley is re-
turning to England, and rc3ign8 his seat in the Coun-
cil," and he recommended in his place, " Mr. John
Creighton, who served as an officer in the armv until
the reduction of the troops in 1749, and since that time
in this Province, as a Llagistrate, and Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas, with a fair character, and
reputation ; and I further recommend him to your
Lordship as a person perfectly attached to His Majesty's
person and Government, and very capable of advising
in the Council Oi ihis Province."

Mr. Creighton was appointed, and took his seat in
the upper Branch. He died in Lunenburg, on the 8th
of November, 1807, aged 80 years. His children were
John, (Father of the present Hon. gentleman of that
name, residing at Lunenburg,) a Lieutenant in the
19th Regiment, and afterwards Ca^jtain in the Notting-
ham Fcncibles, who served with the Duke of York in
Holland ; Joseph, a Colonel ; and Charles, a Lieutenant
in the army; Sarah, wife of the late Judge Wilkins ;
Lucy, who married the Honorable H. N. Binney ; and
Jane, unmarried. A monument was erected to his
memory by his children, in St. John's church, Lunen-
burg.

Leonard CiiRiSToniEii Rudolf, the second pro-

134

IIISTOKY OF THE

u-,f

prictor named in tlie original finint, Avas a descendant of
the old family of Von liudolf, of Thurini;en, and was born
at the A illaf;e of Illcsheim, three miles from the Inn)e-
rial city of Windsheim, in Francony, Germany, Se})t.
'oth, 1710. In 1751, having- been persuaded by his
friend Dr. Erad, he came with him and his family to
Nova Scotia, under the protection of Lord Halifax.
He states in his Journal, (which, as shewing his recog-
nition of the Supreme lieing, he connnenced with the
following ascription : " (jrlory, Honor, Praise, Thanks,
and Adoration, to the Almig! ty, Everlasting (iod,
through Jesus Christ, Amen,") that he was a[)[)ointed
overseer, and his friend medical adviser, to a company
of immigrants. He was nominated a Justice of the
Peace, for his services in which office, £;")() was voted
to him June (ith, 17G1, and he was connected with the
first settlement of Germans and others, who he writes,
" went to work to clear the Avilderness on the 7th of
June." In another place he writes, " I built in four
months a small but strong house." His son Francis J.
liudolf, father of Josej)h Kudolf, Esquire, now residing
at Lunenburg, was born in this house, LStli ]May,
17()1. It has been added to, and is now occu})ied by
IVlr. AA'illiam Townshend. ]\Ir. Kudolf was a Judge of
the Inferior Court, first Kegistrar of Deeds, Colonel of
militia, and member of the House of Assembly, for
many years. He died in Lmienburg 2()th iNIay, 1784,
aged 74 years ; and was buried under the Lutheran
church, of the congregation of which lie was a member.
Detleu CiiKLSTOi'iiEii Jessen, tlic third original
grantee, was born at Ilolstein, in Germany, on the 25th
February, 1730; came to Halifax in 1752, and soon

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

135

aftcnviircls to Liiiicii])in*g. He was a Justice of the
Peace, Judge of the Inferior Court, Keui;istriir of Deeds,
Lieut. -Cohniel of militia, meniber of the House of As-
semblv, and a commissioner to distribute the farmintf
im])lements and rations sent out for the early s(>ttlers.
Mr. Jessen Avas a liberal benefactor to the chni'ch of
P^ngland, having subscribed £140 in aid of the funds of
St. Jolui's church. The Lutheran church is also in-
debted to him for a silver paten, and two chalices. He
died at Lunenburg, 12th August, 1(S]4, in the eighty-
fourth year of his age, and a monument was erected to
his memory in St. John's church, Lunenburg.

jNIr. Jessen, shortly before his death, (August 9,
1814.) recjuested the attendance of the Sector and
wardens at his house, and addressed them as fo'lows :

" Tlio kind Providence of God luis been pleased to spare
my life till this happy moment, wherein I have it in my
power to manifest my love and high regard for the esta-
blished ciiurch in this place, by presenting it with a bell for
the steeple, and a complete set of plate for the altar, for the
sole use of said church.

' I am now upon my death bed, and, perhaps, to-morrow
may be iu Eternity, (the awful sense of which is now deeply
impressed npou my miud,) to appear before God, to give an
account of my stewardship, both as a public officer, and
private member of this Society. "With these the few last
breaths of life, I pray the peace of God upon you, and that
when you hear the bell performing its duty in calling you to
assemble at the house of God to worship Him, and that
when you see the plate displayed at the altar for the admi-
nistration of His holy Sacrament, you may remember the
prayer of this your brother and fellow member of this
church. That the peace of God which passeth all human

'if'
i' ill

:■ tJi

' \

13G

HISTORY OF THE

1 1

! {

!<ii

uuderstanding may rest upon you, and that eacli member in

his vocation may adorn the doctrine of our Lord and

Saviour Jesus Christ, as taught and preached in this

church, is the fervent and devout prayer of your atrectionate

and dying brother.

D. C. Jesskx.' "

Thc! ^^•llole cost of the articles named above, was
£133 U) 3.

PniLii» Knaut came from Saxony. At tlie first set-
tlement «if Lunenburg he was a Coroner ; and performed
the duties appertaining to the office of Sheriff. lie was
also a Justice of the Peace, kept one of the earliest
stores o[)cned in Lunenburg, and represented the coun-
ty in thc first Nova Scotia Parliament. He left three
children; Catharine who married Mr. Newton, Col-
lector at Halifax ; Sarah; and Benjamin, Avho ))ecamc
Sheriff' of the county. Some of Mr. Knaut's descen-
dants still reside in the counties of Lunenburg and
Queen's county.

Among the early settlers at Lunenburg was i\L\iiTiN
KAULHACir, who came from Germany, and whose heirs
are included in the list of original grantees. His son,
and grandson, (the present John H. Kaulbacli, Esq.,)
have held the office of Hiuh Sheriff since the rear 1798,
and one of his great-grandsons, Henry A. N. Kaul-
bacli, Esq., Barrister, Avas returned in 18(!3 to repre-
sent the county in thc Provincial Legislature. Others
of his descendants reside at ISIahone Bay, and el.-ewherc
in thc county.

KoiJEKT Bethel was one of the most worthy of the
early iidiabitants of Lunenburg. He was Ijorn in
Chester, England, in 1753, the year of the settlement

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

137

of his afterwards adopted home. Before corning to the
county lie had been employed in the service of the Cus-
toms, in Boston, New Kn<j:land. AMien war broke out
between England and the I'^nited States, he joined the
" Orange Hangers," and after four years service as
Lieutenant, was promoted to the rank of Captain. On
the reduction of that corps, he came to Nova Scotia,
and settled in the county of Lunenburg, where he held
several important j)ublic offices. lie was nuich es-
teemed, and bore the character of a truly honorable
man. I lis death occurred at Lunenburg, Feb'y, IMIO.

JosErii rKRNETTE, EsQ., already mentioned as
having obtained a hu'ije n-rant of land on the Lai lave
river, was born at Strasburg, educated at Bomi, and
came to Nova Scotia an Ensign in H. M. 42nd High-
landers, lie was Aide de Camp to one of the Generals
at the taking of Quebec.

The "good service" certificates of the l)rother8
" Pcrnete" or " Pernette," have been examined by the
writer. These are in French.

One bearing date otli January, 1746, is signed by
" Le Baron De Bergh," and states that Mr. Pernete,
served eighteen months Avith all possible distinction,
and only left the German Regiment in which he was a
volunteer, to enter the Breton volunteers as a Lieu-
tenant.

The second bears date 19th January, 1740, is sign-
ed " Le Baron Dublaisel," and testifies that Mr. J^er-
netc had served two years as Lieutenant in his brotiier's
company of the Breton volunteers with honor and dis-
tinction.

The third, signed by the same Baron DuBlaisel,

138

niSTORY OF THE

s m

certifies tlmt Captain Pernete of tlie Breton volunteers,
always served with honor, and distinonif^lied himself on
all occasions. This is dated 21st October, 174H.

Mr. Pernette built the homestead now oecuj)ied by
Miss Mary Ann Pernette, f>;ave it to his son, and then
built the house near St. Peter's church, which after-
wards became tJie ])ro])crty of his son-in-law the late
Garrett jMiller, Escjuire. He was a Justice of the
Peace, Judge of the Inferior (\»urt, and wis returned
for the county as a member of the third General As-
sembly, which met at Halifax »Iuly 1st, 1701.

^Fany persons were married by j\Ir. Perneltc, at his
residenci', before a clergyman went to live in tlie Dis-
trict, becoming tired of country life, he removed to
Plalifax, and subsequently returned to the county and
lived at Lunenburg until his death. II is descendants
still reside on each side of the river, at and near the old
•mestead which he first erected.

AVilliam Pakks was one of the early settlers at
Lai lave, and from liim " Park's Creek" derives its
name, lie was the son of James Parks, a native of
Ireland, who was there a yarn merchant and farmer,
and carried on the business of Aveaving and spinning.
The father established himself at IVtite Kiviere in 17()9.
William Parks Avent to Lallave river Avhen the land
was covered Avith Avoods to the Avater's ed<>e. Xoav the
place at Avhich he settled is the site of one of the most
prettily situated and fioiu'ishing districts on the river,
where the descendants of INIr. Parks still reside, and
worthily represent the good old stock from Avhich they
sprang. The number includes Ann Parks, a maiden
lady over eighty years of age.

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

139

Lot Ciiuiicii was the son of Cliarlcs Clmrcli, and was
born in Kliodc island, (tlion a liritisli colony,) Maich
13th, 1 777, and Avcnt Avith the Loyalists to Sh('ll)ui'ne
in 17<s;), from whence he rernove(i to Dover, and siib-
scfjnently to Chester, where he married Hannah Alillett,
grand-daiiiihter of Timothy IIou<ihton, the first j)erson
named in the Chester ^rant ; and settled on the AVind-
Bor road, ten miles and a half from Chester, wl Ich dis-
tance he was ten honrs in travelling with his family,
the road being then scarcely cut ont. He inherited the
loyalty of his father, who refused to take uj) arms
against his King, though nuich persuaded so to do ;
having been offered a connnission, first in the land, and
then in tlie naval service of those opposing the Govern-
ment. AMien afterwards asked to send to Halifax his
claim for losses, he re})lied that he could not " add to
the loss the British Government had already sustained."
Mr. Chui'ch was elected, in 1820, a meml)er of the
House of Assembly, and travelled through ten counties,
that he might make himself more fully acquainted with
the wants of the people. He had excellent natural
abilities, and being a great reader, and very obf- ving,
he became a most useful public man, and was re-elected
to Parliament. His conduct in the Legislature on
several public questions, was considered very patriotic,
and he was highly a])plauded by the peo])le, without
reference to party. " As honest as Lot <^1nu-ch," ])ass-
ed into a i)roverb. In 1824 he was received at A\'ind-
sor with great applause, and a public dinner was gi\en
in his honor.

Mr. Church, in a memorial to His IMnjesty George
the Fourth, asked that the quit rents, which, owmg to

140

HISTORY OF THE

'•' \

• 'I:

1 "

the poverty of the people, liad largely acouiniilatod, and
wliicli ])r('s!sc(l heavily upon their industry, nii^ht be
remitted. He died about three years ago, having
nearlv reached the age of eijjjhtv-eijjjht vears. Ilis fa-
mily nunsbercd five sons, and eight daughters. One of
his sons, diaries L. A. Ciuu'ch, Esquire, resides in
Chester. jNfrs. Chureh died within ten months of her
husband's departure, aged eighty-two years.

One of the earliest settlers in the same distri(?t, was
John Hutciiixso:;, a native of old England ; some of
whose descendants still reside on the road between Ne^,
Koss and AVindsor. lie went into what was then a
wilderness. For several years, in common witli other
settlors, he had to carry all his provisions home from
market on his back. lie was over six feet in height,
stout in proportion, and uncommonly strong, (^nce he
was attracted by a noise among his sheep, and seeing a
large bear about to destroy one, he ran to his horse,
seized an old Queen Anne musket, and killed the bear
with a few blows from its butt end. He M'as a iJfreat
moose hunter, and used to narrate with much satisfac-
tion his perilous joiu'neyings in the forest.

.^ EmvAKH James was one of those intimately c imec-

j^ -l^ ted with the advancement of the county at a later date.

**^ ^' ^' He was born at Southampton, En«;land, in 17')?, and
C^n^iL^d^^Myt***^ came to Lunenburg from New \ork about tl e year
1780. Mr. James entered the navy as midshij.man at
Portsmouth, in H. M. S. "Dunkirk," ()0 guns, and
went to the West Indies. He also served on board the
"Kes()luti(m," and the " Centaur," an old French ship;
and afterwards came to America in the " Roebuck."
His ship, and two others, luuing been ordered to cover

.III
, ai|
monthi
joined
Orangl
commJ
taking!
also atl
Ilalifal

(1, and

COtJKTY OF LUNENBURG.

141

.iridinp: of a body of tro()])s, lie was severely wound
, and taken to New York, wliere lie remained six
months. Tiicrc he left the navy, by perniii^ision, and
joined tlie army, obtainin*; a connnissioii in the King's
Oranf^e J^angers, a Keginient raised in Xew York, and
commanded by Colonel John Hayard. lie was at the
taking of Fort AVashington, where he was wounded ;
also at tlie taking of fort Lee ; and afterwards came to
Halifax A\ ith British troops conunandod by 8ir Ilemy
Clinton. jVIr. James served His Majesty faithfully
during the revolutionary war iiii America, and was with
the troops detached from New York by the above nam-
ed officer and sent uj) the North river to reinforce the
army under General Burgoyne. The Orange Hangers
were disbanded at Halifax, and in that year ]\[r. James
was put on half pay. He held the office of Sheriff of
Lunenburg, was a elustice of the Peace for over fifty
vears, and Custos of the county from 1<S23 to the time
of his death. The children of ^Vlr. James numbered
five sons, and six daughters. Three of his daughters,
and one son reside in the county.

Amongst the notabilities Avho have from time to
time resided in Lunenburg, was the late Genp^hal Sir
John E. Inglis, of Indian fame, who was sent by his
father, the last venerable Bishop of that name, in 1832,' m
to St. John's Rectory, to pursue under Rev. James C.
Cochran, until he should obtain ' "s commission, those
studies which might be of service to him in his future
Profession. While there, he received his commission
in 1833. His horse, dog, and gim afforded him that
recreation with which he was most pleased. He is
remembered as one who endeared himself to all with
whom he was acquainted.

f f

i'^ :

!
1 ,

> ' ■ I

■itMl;'

nj.(

, t

142

HISTORY OF THE

(iKoKOK BirrnrvK jMitciiell, wlio was one of
the ))iiii('ij)}il buisincss men of C'lit't<tcr, was a nativo of
Jiondoiulorrv, Jrcland. He wuh ap|)ointo(l a Justice of
the Peace, which office he hehl for nianv year.s. His
(leatli took phice on llie 8r(l September, 1855, at tlie
afifc of 70 vcarn, after a life in wliich " tlic strictest
inteu'rity, and tlie most active benevolence, endeared
him to the connnunity." Mrs. Mitchell and several
ehildi'cn still rcsidc at Chester.

MiCFTAEL ScuiMiTZ, also a merchant at Chester, was
born in (jcnnanv, November 11th, 1787, and became
a resident of tlu; former place in 1817, where " unob-
trusive and retirinp;, fearin;- God, and assistin*^^ man-
kind, he lived universally respected, and Avaa lamented
in the end." lie died June 1 1th, 1848. Ilis widow,
Mary M. Schniitz, died September 18th, 1857, aged
62 years.

AxTliow TiitCKrEXNY was born in England, and
had been a British officer. He was a great lover of fun,
generous and offhanded. The lumse now owned and
occupied by Mr. Thomas Whitford, was built by him.
He used to read the service in the church in the absence
of the clergyman. AMien Chester was visited by pri-
vateers, he buried his money under an old stump, near
what is now the residence of Timothy Gorman.

James Tho.msox was an earlv resident of Chester.
He had been a Bombaixlier in the Royal Artillery, and
retained his fondness for military display. On His
]\Iajesty's birth day, he generally rode into Chester in
full uniform, mounted on a white horse ; and summon-
ing men and boys to get out the "big guns," made
the most effective demonstration the means at hand
afforded.

canul

tish

(ealll

Cai)tl

Copej

" i\e|

]\1

from

aged

>.Jim

COUNTY OF LUNEN«rRr,.

143

David Evans was born in " Swansea," AA'alcjj, and
came to Chester in l^i()'). lie liad served in the Bri-
tish navy, and was on board tiie " IJelleroplion,"
(railed also by the sailors, " liall of spnn yarn,'")
Ca[)taln Thomson, at the battle of the Xile ; was also at
Copenha^icn, and Traialrrnr, and styled himself one of
" Nelson's bull do^s." lie was with the

" Stout Veterans who hattlci] and bled
AVIicre Nelson expired, and where Collinirwood led."

Mr. Evans was aecustomed for many years to f^o
from ( -liester, to Dover in the eountv of Halifax, fish-
in<(, in an open flat bottomed boat, about fifteen feet
long. The year before his decease, lu^ went alone in
his boat as usual, and Avhen the fishing season was
over, returned in the same way. lie died in Chester,
where his sons David andA\'illiam now reside, in 1804:,
aged eighty-seven years.

EuANKLix G. Etteh, fomierlv a resident of Chester,
was a Lovalist. lie had been a <>lass manufaciurer in
Massachusetts, and subsequently a Lieut, in the liritish
army, On his arrival at Chester, he was ap[)ointed a
Justice of the Peace, and was esteemed a most useful
and worthy man. One of his ei'dit daughters, is Mrs.
Amos Lovett, of the well kn-nvn " Chester House."

I I

SCHOOL TEACHERS.

In days when connnon schools were comparatively
unknown, and when the education of the children of the
Province depended to a large extent upon the efforts of
various religious bodies, there were to be found many
industrious and painstaking men and women employed
in teaching the young.

144

IITSTORY OF TTTE

' I

^il

t i

i ■..; ■"

Mrs. Mauoatikt IfAwnoi/r Iuih Itccn tlmn cnga^^cd
for over fifty ycarf , nnd t^till pur^iicH her Ciilling. 81ic
WJiH (!xamim'<l by tlie lute Rev. Cluirlcs In^j^lrs, jind was
furinerly in rf;ccij)t of ten pounds sterling yearly, from
one of the Knglish Societies. INIrs. llawlutlt taught
6chool, wlien tlicre was no other in the District, and
frecpiently ad<lcd to her daily work, evening classes for
the benefit of those whose avocations preventc*! them
from attending at anv other time. She refers with OTcat
pleasure to a visit made to her school, many years ago,
})y the Countess of Dalhousic, Lord Cochrane, and
otliers, who went to Mahone J>ay in II. ^I. Frigate
*' Forth," and from thence to Chester.

The wi'iter has before him a copy of the " Free
Press," published at Halifax l)y Kdnuuid Ward, dated
June 3()th, 1818, which contains the following :

" Ilis Excellency the Earl of Daliiousie, aiul the Coun-
tess, accompanied by Miss Cochrane, went in tlie ' Forth '
to Chester. We nnderstand her Ladyship will remain at
Chester for a short time. His Excellency returned in the
' Forth ' on Sunday."

This old lady is so much attached to teaching, that
she expresses her determination to continue it as long as
God shall give her health and strength. Mrs. Ilawbolt
has done good service in Chester, and many are indebt-
ed to her as their only Teacher. She will be at least
entitled to the C[)ita[)h found on the tombstone of Ben-
jamin Giles, " I taught little children to read." Mrs.
Ilawbolt is a daughter of James Smith, who came from
Glasgow in 1784, and died at Chester in 1844, at the
age of eighty-one years.

Vf)ni

:it

tan;

\Ve|

Icac

l)la('

([uai

tion;!

wilhl

he (•(

dene

In 1

'' L.

tunic

A pi

Mr. '

he tai

fjcd a

roUNTY ov i.t:xi:\iaTRo.

14.5

riKonoK TriJXF.Tl was born at Horton, Kirhy, in tlic
i^ouiity of Kent, Enpfland, Juno .'?(Uli, 17!>M ; niid arrived
;it Ifalifnx, on the 7tli Au^nist, 1S17. ]\fr. Turner
taniilit tlie first Kn<;lish ^mMIc f^ohool opened at North
West ran''^, near linnenhnrix ; antl was also eni^au'ed in
teaeliiiin; at Ui)[)rr Tiallavo, ^NFarriott's (\i;x.', and other
|)hices in tlie eounty. In order that he niii^lit he Ixtter
(jualiGed for liis important work, he attended the Na-
tional S:'hool at Ifalifax, and nia«le lilniself aecjnainted
with the Madras .system. On the 2()th Deccmher, l'S2(I,
he eonnneneod a seho<d at Cluster, in a jn'ivatc resi-
dence, no ])nl)lic sehool-honsc liavin;:; heen then hnilt.
In 1832, ]\Ir. Turner went to Enjjland in the harcpie
" linnenhurn',"' Ca})t. Henry Pernette, and havinf;' re-
turned to Chester, re-openiMl his school in June I'Soo.
A public school-house was built in 1834. In 1839,
Mr. Tul'ner left Chester and went to ]\raitlan<l, where
he taufjht school. He was likewise subsequently enga-
^^ed at Tancook, from whence in 1845, he remove<l to
Xew l?oss, where he kept a eoinmon school and Sunday
school, and performed, as he had done at Tancook and
elsewhere, the duties of a lay reader. His useful ser-
^iees in the latter capacity, were acknowledged from
time to time by grants from the church societies. INIr.
Turner has been engaged as a teacher and catceliist,
upwaixls of forty-five years.

Joirx Thomas, one of the oldest teachers now living
in the county, was born in Halifax, and at the age (jf
nine years entered the Koyal Acadian school, esta-
l)lishcd and taught by AValter Bromley, formerly Capt.
and Paymaster H. M. 23rd Pegt., in which he at
length became a pupil teachei*, and finally Assistant,
10

'J'

' i*

I :'

;!i, 411,

!i '

I.. M . f

-i'i

146

HISTORY OF THE

and was adopted by Mr. Bromley as one of hii* family.
Mr. Thomas was subsequently assiotant teacher in the
National school at Halifax, and has been engaged in
the work to which he devoted himself, at Stcwiacke,
liawdon, Ship Harbor, and St. Margaret's Bay, and in
the county of Lunenburg, at Chester, Blandfurd, and
Windsor road. Like his early teacher and friend, Mr.
Thomas has been " zealous of good works," and has
jierformed the duties of lay reader, and Sunday school
teacher, in places which would otherwise have been
often destitute of religious instruction. After a term of
service of almost half a century, INIr. Thomas is still
engaged in teaching at Gold River, eight miles from
Chester.

Caroline Wambolt, grand-daughter of Timothy
Houghton, (first in the list of original settlers at Ches-
ter,) and widow of Daniel AVambolt, a descendant of
Adam, named in the grant, was also a teacher in the
township of Chester for more than twenty years.

Geo. Fredk. Bailly was born in Franche Comte,
and came to the county as teacher and lay reader to the
French. One of his books has written in it; " Maitrc
D'ecoie and Clerk De L'Eglise Francoise De Lunen-
])urg." He taught school for the French at North
AVest range. There is still extant a sermon on the fifth
commandment, written in French, in his own manu-
script, and read by him on the 21st of March, 1775.
A book of sermons in French, also in his own hand
writing, which is remarkably legible, is entitled : "An
abridgement of sixteen discourses on the redemption of
man by the death of Christ." His French bible is still
preserved, rnd bears date 1702. Mr. Bailly died in

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

147

Lunenburg at the age of 82. Several of his grand-
children still reside in the county, and one of them,
Henry Bailly, Esq., represented it in the Provincial
Legislature, for eight years. Tlie widow of one of his
sons still sj^eaks of the old gentleman with great affec-
tion, and pointing to the chair he occupied during his
fi\c years' blindness, said, with much feeling, to the
writer, " He icas ?in old christian."

Geo. Fkedk. Belvidere flourij^hcd in Lunenburg
us school-mafctcr, in the early part of this century. He
was an Englishman, Jiad once been a British officer,
and was a strict disciplinarian. The " oaken towel,''
as he called his instrument of correction, did for him
what he esteemed (ijood service on the achinji; Dalms of
refractory school boys. He was well educated, and
wrote jui excellent hand.

Mr. Maxwell, afterwards of tlie National school at
Halifax, taught with much success at Lunenburg; and
nmny others, were also from time to time likewise
engaged.

"VVm. M. B. Lawson, Esq., the present Inspector
of schools for the countv, who was born at Chatham,
near London, G. B., v,as Principal of the Grammar
soliool \\\) to the enactment of the ncAv Education law,
and had then been engaged in teaching for forty years ;
thirty-three years of the time having Ijccn spent in the
town of Lunenburg.

!•-«

; '

r i-*

!l V

BABTISMS, WEDDINGS, AND FUNERALS.

Baptisms, and woddings, were not in old times as
sunnnarily disposed of as they are at present. When
tlie people became blest witli jiiore of this world's goods.

{'■

"■§

1^1

148

HISTORY OF THE

! ,i^

these (Tvcnts were made occasions for friendly grcetingB
and rejoicings, on an extended scale.

Baptisms were celebrated with feasting. The god-
fjithcrs and godmothers, with the guests, met at the
house of the parents, after the ceremony, and passed
the rest of the day ' ' right merrily."

The moderu style of being married by license, if
known, was "ot then in favor. On the second publi-
cation of the banns, those about to be united attended
service. When the wedding day amved, the party
walked to church in procession, led by the bride and
groom elect. The ladies were dressed in white, with
white caps and ribbons ; the men wearing white trow-
scrs, and round bluejackets. At the conclusion of the
marriage ceremony, they all adjourned to a tavern, (as
inns were at that time called), and partook of refrcsh-
nients before returning home, where two or three days
were spent in dancing, and other amusements.

Some of these weddings have been described to the
Avriter. The good things, provided for one of them,
included several sheep, eighteen geese, souj:)?, hams,
puddings, pies, cake, and wines in abundance. The
services of the best "fiddler" were secured, and the
performer, a boy fifteen years old, received eight pounds
to furnish the music at this, and a subsequent wedding.

It is related of another weddinix partv, that havinfj;

oil.'' n

crossed to Lai lave from an islfind in Dublin bay, they
walked to Luuenlim'tc and back airain, a distance of
over twenty miles, and on reaching home sent to Iron-
bound island for a "fiddler," who went with hivsi wife
and child. It was snowing, and very cold, and when
they arrived, the child was almost frozen. From forty

i I

COUNTY OF LI NENBUKG.

141)

to fifty persons Avcrc present. Dancing was kept up all
night, and during the next day. The party had
ecarccly left the island, when the bay was closed up
with ice, and so continued for a week.

A fashion prevailed at weddings, whicli caused much
amusement. Shortly before supper, on the first day of
rejoicing, a member of the party whispered to the bride,
that one of her shoes would be removed while at the
table. This was done ; the shoe was handed round the
room, and each guest placed in it whatever coin he
could spaixj ; it was then, with its contents, handed to
the bride. Sometimes the shoe was oflPered at auction,
sold to the highest ludder, and by him returned, with
the purch.ase money, to the fair owner. In later years
each male guest gave one dollar, which, being added
together, became the property of the bride.

The host and hostess generally insisted upon the
guests remaining until the eatables were disposed of.
*' Those were days," remarked an old inhabitant to the
writer, " when a man could keep a wedding."

Sorrowful seasons were also observed in a uianner
differing from present practice. The dead were carried
some distance for interment at Lunenburg, and the
funeral procession was met by friends, at or near the
entrance to the town, from whence to the grave, singers
preceded the corj)se, and .in sweetly appropriate Ger-
man hymns, gave expression to the general feeling of
grief for the loss of the departed.

When children were buried, artificial floAvers were
made ))y the girls, which, being fastened round hoops,
and otherwise arranged, Avere carried in the procession ;
and, after the interment of the body, were laid on the

if*

It''

v^-

; I

f M

; >
I

150

HISTORY OF tut:

gmvc, stones being placed on them to keep them from
being blown away.

Public holidays were always observed, and the Ger-
mans visiting the county town on such occasions made
good use of their vocal powers, frequently singing in
concert, as is customary in old Germany. A late tra-
veller in that country, who visited Heidleberg, writes
that " two peasant girls carrying home their bundles of
wood, A'ere singing as they went, some simple natiijual
song ; they sang in parts, and with perfect ease, and
their voices sounded sweetly on the hill side." Tiie
descendants o.f our old settlers have the same fondness
for music, and in many houses a variety of musical
instrunicnts arc used, while even in some of the back
settlements, the melodeon, played by the fingers of the
" fjirmcr's daughter," and accompanied by the sweet
tones of her \ oice, often adds materially to the enjoy-
ments of home.

THE ABORIGINES.

The Indians, of whom mention has been previously
made, were ISIicmacs, or, in their own language,
*' Miggaamacks," belonging to the Algonquin family,
and were called, by the early French settlers, " Souri--
quois, or salt water men.'^

The territory of the Micmacs, or " ISIiggumahghee,"
jVIicmac land, was described in Villebon's letter to M.
De Lagny, dated 2nd Sept., 1694, as extending "from
Isle Percee, and even higher up the river on the way to
Quebec, and through the Bay des Chaleurs, Risti-
gouche, Kichibouctou, Bay Verte, Cape Breton, Camp-
seau, and all along the coast to Cajw Sable, Port

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

151

Royal, Mines, and Bcaiibassin. They look on all these
places as their settlement at all times."

The jNIicm.ics were •' of a reddish brown color, with
high cheek bones, large lijis and mouths, long black
coarse hair, and fine, intelligent, penetrating eyes.
The men were from live feet eight inches to six feet in
height, with In'oad shoulders, and strong limbs.''

These Abori^-ines are described as havinn; been
naturally possessed of many virtues. Murdoch says :
'* As far as our records can serve, it appears that they
have usually been honest, frank, brave, and humane ;
and they exhibited these qualities as well before, as
since their conversion to the Christian faith."

In blaming them for their excesses, we must make
due allowance for the fact that they had been taught to
look upon British settlers as enemies, and were too
often paid for the ravages they committed. Their arms
were chiefly guns, and long sheath knives ; the latter
being sometimes fastened to the wrist by a cord. They
generally secreted themselves by day, and went on their
errands of cruelty by night. We may form some idea
of the mnuber of their murders, from the fact that the
increase of the population in seven of the earliest years,
was only seven persons. One can hardly travel
through any part of the county without hearing of lives
lost throuo'li their deeds of violence.

An island, then nameless, near that known as Ileck-
man's,was the scene of a dreadful massacre : the hempen
cables of seven American fishing schooners having been
cut at niijht, and their crews murdered after the Acssels
liad drifted ashore. A larjjc number of human bones
have been there disinterred. It is said that a white

iM ;'

u f

152

HISTORY OF THE

\ '

m\
vm

•111:

.iii

cliild w.'is also offered up on the iilund In sacrifice, and
hy the name of " Sacrifice" it ha« since l)een known.

A Point betM"cen Mahonc Bay and Gold Kiver, was
also a })lace of much slau^liter, and has thus earned the
name " jNIurderer's Point." The crew of a fisliing ves-
sel once went asl^we there, leaving a boy on Ijoard.
The Indians made signs to the latter to land, hut he,
shortly afterwards, seeing that his companions were
being miu'dcred, saved himself by cutting the cable,
and running down to Clay island, where other Ameri-
eans were fishing.

Two men, named Tanner and Wagner, were swim-
ming in the Lallave, near wliat is now the site of
llartlin's mill. Hearing a dog bark, and seeing Indians
approaching, they dressed with all speed, and attempted
to escape. AVagner was killed, and a musket ball
l)assed thrcnigh Tanner's waistcoat and shirt. The
name of the Indian who shot Wagner was Labrador.
Years afterwards, . when Tanner lived on Ilcckman's
island, Labrador encamjied there for the purpose of
catching mink, and went to Tanner's house, where he
boasted of the large number of men he had killed.
After the occurrence at the river. Tanner could not
bear the sight of a red man , and went several times to
shoot Labrador, but always returned without so doing,
liis conscience never allowing the deed. So strong,
however, was his feeling against, tlie Indians, that
whenever he spoke of one, he called him "Devil," in
German. Tanner was over six feet in height, and a
very powerful man. He was born at Schaffhausen in
Switzerland, and at his decease, had lived 95 years, *j
months, and 10 davs.

'..-vmn

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG,

15;

Two of the guard on duty at the blockhouse near
where Wagner was shot, Averc sent to Lunenburg for
provisions. Keacliing Darey\s hike, round wliich a
footpath had been made, tliey were tracked by Indians,
dogs ; and having climbed into the trees, were shot
down by the saAagcs. The firing was heard at the
blockhouse, and a party went out and found their com-
rades, from whom life had just departed. The v buried
them, and ])asscd on to Lunenburg. On thci eturn
they found that the bodies had been disinterred, and
cut in pieces.

A tailor at Fauljourg, was shot by an Indian, while
making a pair of breeches for a Mr. Zwicker, of Ma-
lu»ne Bav ; and some of his blood was seen on the buck-
skin, after the work was sent home.

The Indians had several places of burial in the
county. At Indian Point, near Mahonc Bay, is a
grave yard to which they carried their dead from La-
Ilave, and other settlements at considerable distance.
Tiiither, to rest in peace, were brought from Gold Kiver
the remains of old Francis, and Newall, and Peter,
Father and brothers of John Penall, who still lives in a
log liouse at the river; and is one of the most expert fly
salmon fishers in the county ; while Joseph, another
l)rotlier ' ' sleeps his last sleep " in the Konian Catholic
grave yard at Chester. Capt. Chearnlcy has erected
over the remains of his forest guide, a neat stone, with
the following inscription :

*' In Memory of Joseph Penall, Indian,
By William Chearnley, A. D., 1859.

Gone to death's " Call" is Indian Joe

Moose deer, rejoice,
Here, buried, rests your deadliest foe.'*

■>\\

1 1 ■ ! '

I B

i: 'i .

t'iill

" i*i

^'i \

154

HISTORY OF THE

The grandfatlicr of these Pcnalls, was Capt. Pcnall,
a Micmac, who, at the age of 14 years, went with the
Britiisli forces to the capture of (Quebec. The family
name in Indian, was Agdamoncton.

There is another Indian Inirial ground at IVIahonc
Bay, not far from the residence of Edwd. James, Es(|.,
whither the dead were taken from an encampment near
the site of the English church, in which neighborhood,
it is said a human skeleton, brass rings, and stone
arrow-heads, were dug out about thirty years ago.
The Indians had also a })lace for interment near Went-
zel's, (formerly Mackey's) lake, on the New Germany
road. They built their wigwams at a spot called " In-
dian Garden," near Cook's falls. In the grave yard
last named was a cross, about six feet in height, and
having in the centre a plate of metal with some inscriji-
tion or device. It was once removed, and almost as
quickly restored, on notice sent by the Indians to the
party trespassing, that if it were not put back in its
place, he would be shot.

It is said that a Squaw, who died intoxicated, was
refused a ])lace in the burial ground of her fathers, and
wap interred on a small island in Mahone Bay.

The skull and bones of an Indian, were dug out from
two feet and a half below the surface, near the school-
house at Conqucrall, in 18G8, by men working on the
highway. The body is supposed to have been interred
previous to the first settlement.

In or about the year 1756, a gentleman named
P.ayzant, who was born in the city of Caen, Department
of Normandy, came to Lunenburg from Halifax, and
built? a house on an island in Mahone Bay, not far from

Rous's
Presid(
Lords
nave hi|
settled
boy froJ
to guide
were ni
with Av(
and the
scalped.
is growi
children
set on fi
homestc!
ami trav
passing
nccto wti
French s
then call
scalped
scalps w
subjects,
from he:
the kinc
the chih
months
were res
lier boso
with her
tivcs the
returned

n, -

COITNTY OF LUNENBURG.

155

Rous's island. Mr. Payzant had been recommended to
President Laurence, by Mr. Pownal, Secretary to the
Lords of Trade, and Laurence, to ensure liis protection,
trave him a letter to Colonel Sutherland. After he had
settled himself on tlic island, a party of Indians took a
boy from Rous's island, tied his hands, and forced him
to guide them to Payzant's residence, the islands, which
were numerous, being at that time probably covered
with wood. Mr. Payzant, a woman servant, a child,
and tlic boy who had acted as guide, were killed and
walped. JMr. Payzant's last words were "my heart
is growing cold — tlie Indians." Mrs. Payzant and four
cliildren were carried off to Canada. The house was
Hot on fire before leaving, and they could see their old
homestead burning to ashes. They landed at Chester,
md ti'avelletl thence to the head of the St. Croix river,
passing Windsor on the following night. Cape Chig-
necto was their next landing place, where there was a
French settlement, from which they went to Fredericton,
then called St. Ann's. On their way thither, the Indians
scalped two young Frenchmen, knowing that their
scalps would not be distinguished from those of British
subjects. At St. Ann's, Mi*8. Payzant was separated
from her children and sent on to Quebec. Through
the kind intervention of the lloman Catholic Bishop,
the children were released, and at the end of seven
months from the separation, arrived at Quebec, and
were restored to their mother, who '* pressed them to
her bosom, covered them with kisses, and bathed them
with her tea) ." The taking of Quebec gave the cap-
tives their liberty. One of the family is known to have
returned, and was afterwards a highly esteemed minister

! !

1i I

I ill !

til'

i;v

! 1

; i

'M .'

=ii ■ - ■

156

IIISTOUY OF THE

at Liverpool, Nova Scotia. Xot many years ago lio
visited tlie grass-covered grave of his murdered father,
in a beautiful spot under trees of oak and l)eecli, ou
Heckman's island.

A horrible nuu'der was committed among the Indians
encamped at Clearland, ^Mahone Bay, between thirty
and forty years ago. One of the wigwams was occu-
pied by Captain Cope and his two sons, floseph and
Thomas. During the absence of the young men on a
hunting exj)editi(>n, two squaws who were in tlie camp,
one Ijcing the wife of Francis Lal^-ador, quarellcd.
The altercation at length waxed so warm, that Captain
Cope thought it his duty to interfere, and endeavored tu
separate them. Labrador's wife seized a large knife,
and thrust it into his heart, killing him instantly. She
then fled to the house of a Frenchman, named Jioutilier,
and hid herself in the upper story. The Boutiliers,
fearful that she might be discovered, tried to persuade
her to leave the place, which she refused to do.

«7osei)h and Thomas Cope, having returned, ami
hearing from the other squaw how their father met his
death, Avent in pursuit, and tracked Labrador's wife to
the house of Boutilier. Seeing the rage they were in.
and believing that if they obtained possession of the
fugitive they would instantly murder her, the Boutilicrs
denied that she was in the house. The C()i)cs lingered
about the premises for some time, and then went home.
In the night the guilty squaw effected her escape, and
was not afterwards taken. Captain Cope's remains
was carried to Indian Point for interment.

The Micmacs were possessed of much native cun-
ning. An illustration is afforded in the case of an

hidian,
ti) piu'cll
nithout
iiu as I
uith the I
wards, h|
nitsidc,
cxcitemcl
the anini
to dcpri\|
the store
iinwilliiiij
fCcmcd t(
On opcni
the store
never reti
Briiin ha(

M. X
Micmac 1
and beaut

There
the count-

Theiy
the benci

home.

pe, and
}inains

cun-
of an

COrNTY OF LUNEXBtriKi.

157

Indian, who once went to a store in ^qw Ross, wishing
to purchase tobacco. Having ol.>tainc(l it, and being
witiiout money, he requested pernii^sion to leave his
sun as a j)]edge for a short time until he sliould return
^vitli the casli, wliich was granted. A day or two after-
wards, he entered the store in great liaste, and pointing
iitside, shouted in a loud voice, and with as much
excitement as if he fancied himself already in pursuit of
the animal, " bear 1 bear! gun! gun!" Not wishing
t) deprive him of so good a chance to capture Bruin,
the storekeeper handed him his gun. The Indian, as if
unwilling to be encumbered in the chase uj)on which he
■ccmcd to be entering, left a small box and withdrew.
On opening it, a few beads were found, which Avas all
the storekeeper's pay for his tobacco, while the Indian
never returned to replace the gun, or tell whether he or
Bmin had the best of it.

M. ]\Ienc, a French priest, who had learned the
Micmac language, spoke of it as "full of excellence
and beauty."

There were only thirty-eight Indians remaining in
the county in 18G1.

" The memorj' of the rod man,

It lingers like a spell
On many a storm-swept headland,

On many a leafy dell.

The memory of the rcJ' man,

How can it pass away,
While their names of music Hngei*

On each mount and stream and bay."

The Micmacs are a much neglected peo})]c. While
the benefits they derive from the civilization aroun«l

iir

f' M

M'' 1

i ■

KpKMliM

^ 1 1

158

HISTOUY OF TIIR

/ y^^ P

tUcui arc snv.ill, their huntinf]^ •grounds luivc l)oen de-
stroyed, which hii8 deprived them of the luesinH of livinL'
enjoyed hy tliei'" forefathers, and they have been made
familiar witli \ .any vices to which they were formerly
strangers, riiey arc furnished, as if by way of acknow-
ledging their changed situation, with a few blankets in
winter ; and in times of great scarcity, with some addi-
tional provisions.

The wigwams of the Indians, scattered bv our stream.^
and lakes, speak so eloquently of })ast times, and add t^o
much to th(! interest of the land in whi(!h wc live, that
we would fain see more done to place their occupants
above want, and make their lives liai)py.

John Hammond, (an Indian) lives in a log house,
near lakes ]*ctcr and William, north-east from New
Germany, and owns a large tract of land. He has
about twenty-live acres cleared, and three acres luider
cultivation.

We arc forcibly reminded of the IVIicmacs at least
once a year when, ere "pale concluding winter" comei?,
w-e are favored with that brief, but pleasant season,
which, though autumnal, is known to all as the Indian
Summer.

" Inilian Summer ! how like magic,
Memories cluster at the name !
Memories of a race long blighted,
Of a wild, yet princely fame.
Fancy views the lowly wigwam, —
Dark eyed maidens of rare charms,
Sable Chieftains in grave counsel,
Dusky warriors clad in arms,"

\' -.Vii

Tl
lady ,
tlu'sc

• J ^

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

ir>i>

The followiiif^f lilies, written not long since, hy a
Isuly, II native of the county, may appropriately close
these pages of Indian history :

THE MICMAC'S WISH.

When our Chiefs rei<rne(l alone, and the Indian, was free,
'I'liun we owned all the soil, every river, and treo,
And the woods had no path but our wild hunter's track ;
O ! I would that those days might forever come back !

All unnoticed we dwelt, underneath the deep shade,
Had our choice of bright hill side, or green grassy glade ;
Or we built our rude camps by some swift (lowing stream,
And our years were there (Juietly passed like a dream.

The fierce beasts of the forest; wild birds of the air.
And the fish of the river we had and to spare ;
We could pluck tlie ripe berries, and smell the sweet fiowers,
And knew nothing of hunger, for all things were ours.

When the cold winter came, we were sheltered and warm,
For our brave pine trees van(|ulshed the wind and the storm,
While the beaver and bear furnished clothes without pay,
And our fathers in Jieaceful old age passed away.

But alas, what a change ! now the white man is here.

He has taken our lands, all our forests so dear,

His axe has demolished our sheltering pines.

And his mill dams have frightened the fish from our lines.

Still it was not enough that usurpers should come,
But they brought us those curses, tobacco and rum ;
AVe have madly for those lost contentment and health,
And for them we havo bartered our food and our wealth.

Kow our people are scattered, our chiefs are all poor,
And our little ones beg at the white stranger's door ;
Oh ! wo weep for the days when Acadia was ours,
And when plenty and happiness reigned in her bowers.

m i

nl'' ^

mfHMMflfi^^

160

HISTORY OP TltR

'»

1 fi:ll

''I

; )

I '

1 i

■| i

SCENERY.

TIic county of Luiicnl)iirg abounds in scenery of
exquisite hcauty. Its inliabitants cannot point, like
tliosc of Halifax, to former abodes of royalty, now
fallen to dec ly ; nor have its bills and vale?!, streams
and harbors, been immortalized like the Grand Pre,
and the Ba'^in of ^'inas, by the fira})hic j)cn of a Long-
fellow. Its Ian capes cannot fail, however, to arrest
the eye, and call forth tuc admiration, of the beholder :
beinj; rich in loveliness and variety.

The Avater scenery is almost matchless. In tlic
summer months, when

'• Tlic early morn lets out tlic peeping tlay,"
during the advancing hours, or in the roseate hues of a
golden sunset, the pictures presented are really ))eau-
tiful. This will be acknowledged by visitors to Ches-
ter, Mahone Bay, Lunenburg, and Lallave. The fisli-
ermcn's boats, moored in line, the nets co^'^red with
tarpaulins, and everything in readiness for ihc cxjiected
schulcs of mackarel or herring; the larger crafts, of
superior models, being either prepared for, or liaving
returned from fishing, coastinu", or foreiun vovaijes,
each one so clearly reflected beneath, as to realise the
Avords of the Poet t

" The shadow of her masts

Chcquer'd the deep below ;
You might trace the line of her slenderest spar
On that azure mirror's glow ;"

the whale boats, all neat and trim, famed for spectl and

safety, breasting the white caps ; the torches of birch

bark burning at niiiht in the canoes and boats, which

arc gently moved along by the spearmen in the bows ;

audi
brig
uani

this

i-ni

COrXTY OF LUNENBURG.

IGl

uiul tlie merry songs ot" parties out for pleasure in tlie
bri^^lit laoonliglit ; all these, and more that might he
named, make doubly charming, a liomc by the sea in
tliis iiiglily favored county.

The views [)resented during a drive from (.'iicstcr to
l^etite Iviviere, taking each town or village on the way,
arc most attractive. Tlie expansive ]5ay of Chester,
(properly speaking, })art of ]\Iahone Bay), with its
numerous islands, as seen from the top of some high
hill, is truly magnificent, and is unexcelle<i in this
particular kind of scenery. Ilaliburton mentions the
•'unrivalled beauty" of this bay. The shore road winds
round almost every little inlet, and across several riv-
crs ; passing sometimes through thick woods,

" Where the trees, with looks of love,
Spread their whispering leaves above ;"

with an occasional fresh glimpse of the sea and its is-
lands ; or a picturesque old mill, with its water wheel
dashing off the spray that glistens in the sunlight ; until
Mahone Bay is reached, nestling among hills. There,
the traveller sees spread out on each side, wealth pro-
ducing farms ; and below, the busy, rapidly growing,
and, as it has been justly called, "charming village."
lie follows the road lu-ound the Bav, meetinu l)eautv
everywhere. After a few miles further travel, he C(nnes
to a large conmion, (now being vastly im[)roved, and
adorned with neat cottages,) ])assing which, he enters
Lunenburg; not the Lunenburg of olden time, of huts,
and log houses, with thatched roofs ; but a comfortable
looking town, with dwellings and pul)lic buildings
which are creditable to the inhabitants, who, for genu-
ine hospitality and kin<lness, arc not surjtasscd in any
11

j»

■ill » '

I()2

IIISTORT OF TfTE

t i!

' i I i >

'\PM

ii ! !

; ,1. '

part of Nova Scotia. LimcnbiirG; is bettor laid out than
most towns in the Province. The harbor, nearly circu-
lar in shape ; the " ovens" and cape beyond ; the ocean
view, and the white sails of the passing ships in the ex-
treme distance, with the gently sloping fields of green,
and the snug farm houses on every side, form a scene
worthy the trial of an artist's skill. Ascending the
liill al>ove the town, and standing beside the block-
house, a still more extended view is presented to the
eye. The back harlMDr, vicing with, if it does not equal
in beauty, that in front of the town ; the numerous
small ci-ceka, with the adjacent islands ; Chester in the
distance, and the Peninsula on the opj>osite side of the
Bay, where

"Breezy Aspotog&n lifts high its summit bine,"
make u]> a delightful picture.

The observatoiy of the lleverend C K. Co^'smann,
is a favorite resort, on account of the ]ileasing prospects
it affords, adding much of the country inland. ^Vftcr
seven miles travel from Lunenburg, the Laflavc Ferry
is reached, and proceeding uj) the eastern side of the
river to Hridgewater, thence down its western shore to
Lower Dublin, the traveller has all the Avny, a succes-
sion of lovely little views, made up of steep banks,
green fields, groves of pine, and spruce, substantial
ttwellings, and churches almost hid in forest trees ;
rustic bridges, aver brooks that run sktoss the road to
meet the river, which flows amid nil with graceful
bends, and reflects on its blue surface of mir >r-like
smooth ness, every object near it.

At New Dublin, appear the rougher waters of ol<T

occ
lan|

Dr
Dul

frcs|

cinjj

«f

scor

to 1

field

sent'

i.r

COUKl-Y OF LUNEXnURG.

1G3

ocean, bcntlnp; against the " Spcctarles," and other is-
lands, and perhaps casting ashore

" Tire sli.ittor'd frajjincnts of the miilnijiht wreck/'
Driving through tlie ini})roving bX'ttlenient of Western
Dublin, and over the sandy l)each, as firm and smooth
as a pavement, and white as fleecy ch^uds, with tlie
fresh brcezc blowing from the sea, and the waves dan-
cing nearly to the horse's feet, an enthusiastic admirer
of nature, (as who would not be, surroundetl by such
scenes,) is drawn into an lecstavsy of delight, lliencc
to Petite Kiviere, whose lovely hills are covered with
fields of plenty, from the tops of which ^ iows are pre-
sented,

" Streams, hills, and forests, fair variety !"

•excelling cnxmi those to be witnessed a few miles farther
on, from l)oauteous Broad Cove. One of the fine views
which these hills affoixl, commands the entrance to La-
Ilave river, with the vessels passing out and in ; and
also "Ironbound,'' and many other islands.

The last settlement westwaitl, on the coast line, is
Vogler's Cove ; a pretty little village, near Port Med-
Way, ((Queen's county,) from which it is se^iaratcd by
the harbor of the latter place.

Retracing his steps to Petite Riviere, let the travel-
ler strike into the interior, and pass through Crouse
town, Xew Italy, CV^nquerall, Campertown, La[tland,
A\'aterlo(), and Ohio, large and flourishing districts, and
again cross the liallave into Xew Germany, from
whence a tri[) may be taktn along the I'iver's ' -mk to
IJridgewater ; or, keeping farther inlaiid, he may drive
on a pairallel road, out of sight of the river, to Mahonc
Bay ; and all through this latter journey he will pas«

'*«

1 1
' 1

i>l

ill

1G4-

HISTORY OF THE

streams and lakes of various sizes, some of the former,

little rivulets, that

" Leap and gush
O'er channeU'd rock, and broken bush,"

furnishing him with most enchanting bits of woodland
scenery.

The following from Milton, well describes the sur-
face of the county :

" Sweet interchange
Of hill, and valley, rivers, woods, and plains,
Now land, now sea : and shores with forest crowned."

And, in the words of another Poet, it may be asked,

" When did Painter's magic pencil trace
Scenes of such gentle loveliness."

AGRICULTURE.

" Give fools their gold and knaves their power,
Let fortune's bubbles rise and fall ;
Who sows a field, or trains a flower,
Or plants a tree, is more than all."

The surface of the county is undulating, and the
producing capabilities of the soil are excellent. Tlic
area of the county is 1,182,810 acres. There had been
granted to December 31st, 18(59 , 340, b82 acres. —
Leaving ungranted 842,428 acres. From the 1st
January, 18G2, to 24th February, 1870, grants passed
for 44,77() acres.

In considering the quantity of lands ungranted,
allowance mucl be made for siu'plus in many old grants,
and also for lakes, and streams.

There arc many hundreds of acres of wild meadow
land, capable, by proper drainage, and cultivation, of
yielding abundant crops. When the county becomcij

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

165

more thickly settled, these lands will be among the
most valuable.

-Agricultural Societies have been established in the
several townships ; and though they have not received
that general support to which they arc entitled, yet,
through the earnest endeavors of gentlemen who take a
deep interest in farming, and kindred pursuits, they
have proved in some degree beneficial. Exhibitions of
grain, roots, and stock, have been held at different
times with good results. The late IT. M. Moyle, P^sq.,
Collector of Customs at Lunenburg, gave cheerfully his
valuable assistance to further the Agricultural interests
of the county, and in this, as in other respects, his
decease was a public loss.

The demand for ploughs, and other Agricultural
implements, of improved construction, is increasing.

The stock raised in the county includes that peculiar
breed of cattle, known in other coimties as the small
Dutch cows and oxen from Lunenburg. The fitness of
these oxen for hard labor, and the milk producing qua-
lities of the cows, cause them to be highly valued.
Larger cattle have of 5ate years been introduced, and
are constantly becoming better appreciated.

One great drawback to a more successful prosecu-
tion of Agriculture, has been the too general endeavor
to unite farming and lumbering, pursuits which arc
incompatible. It is gratifying to know that many per-
sons, having become fully aware of this fact, have devo-
ted themselves exclusively to farming, and have not
only made " the wilderness" to '* blossom as the rose,"
but are fast becoming independent.

The county furnishes many instances of what can be

ill

IIISTOUV OF THE

done bv close attention to A^friculture, one of which
may be mentioned : that of a man who became owner
of two lumdrcd and fifty acres of forest hind. lie
felled the first tree fifteen years ago, and shortly after-
wards built a small house, in which he lived alone for
several years, being his own cook, and housekeeper.
All the cho})ping Avas done by liini, and he had only
occasional assistance when piling the logs for burning.
Eighty acres have been cleared, and he has tAvelve acres
under the plough, and well cultivated. During the
winter of 18()7 and 180(S he kept twelve head of heavy
cattle, an equal nuuiber of sheep, and other stock, lie
gathered in the summer and autumn of 18G8 :

14 tons of English hay.
6 " " Meadow^

20 bushels of barley.

oats.

rye.

wheat.

200

potatoes

turnips.

carrots.

150

immpkii

Indian c

Cabbages for 6 barrels of kraut,
and made 30 pounds weight of maple sugar, and a gal-
lon of maple molasses. The boots and shoes used in
his family, are made by him ; and having received
instructions from an Indian, whose services he procured
for a few days, he makes all the buckets, butter firkins,
tubs, and other articles of wood ware required on the
farm. He raises all his bread stuffs, except one barrel

eh
wll

fori

null

IliJ

t-n
J.

-COTJNTY OF LUNENBURG.

107

"of flour per year, and pays for liis groceries Avltli arti-
OiCj. inanufaetinvd at home. Tlie fur of tl»e aninialrt
which he captureti in a season, furniHlies him with
money sufficient to meet the demands made upon liim
for county, and other rates. This worthy representative
of his chiss, 18 now Ijuilding a new house ; oives no
man anvthinj'*, and has si nice little sum safelv invested.
His family consists of his wife, a son, and two dauuh-
tsivs. lie has susttiined no losses worth namin<,% since
lie commenc<'d "• life in the woods." The farm, in
walkiuL!: over which he may feel much honest pride, is
now in the midst of a largo r.nd fxourishing Sjcttlcment,
where, as elsewhei-e in the county, are many more visi-
ble proofs of the returns which may be expected from
a diligent tillaux^ of tiie soil.

It is true that re[)eated failures of some of the crops,
have discourau'cd farmers, and sometimes caused com-
parisons, unfavoral)le to the county, to be made with
other places ; yet the well tilled ground rc])ays the
labors of the husbandman, and many a comfortably fur-
nished home, })roclaims the truth of the assertion.

The raising of choice fruit is engaging the attention
of Agriculturalists, and the large number of valuable
trees obtained and transplanted, will add materially to
the Farmer's sources of profit. In the official rciiort of
the last Provincial Exhibition, the following statement
is made, under the head of " Apples." " 20 varieties,
sent by .\brahain Ilebb, Esq., consisting t)f 7 well
known kinds, and 13 new and unknown sorts, deserve
particular notice." Mr. Ilebb's orchard, of winch he
takes the greatest care, is well worthy of a visit, both
when in blossom, and while bearing fruit. Many far-

li'

•^m

iiif '

S-ij

1«)8

HISTORY OF THE

mers acknowletlgc tlieir indebtedness to ]\Ir. Ilchb, for
luH efforts in inducinj:^ them to cultivate fruit trees, and
Siho to al)stain from tlic praeticc of cuttini;- down all
forest trees from land intended for tiihif^e or j)a8ture.

The people arc f^enerally fond of flowers, and in the
gardens, esj)ecially in those about the old homesteads,
tiie more showy flowers seem to have the preference.
Sometimes the most beautiful flowering house plants,
arc found in the dwellini^s of those who have least of
this world's goods ; and the "ivy green," is occasionally
seen Avinding its way around the whitest of walls, in
rooms, the windows of which are adorned with roses,
fuschias, calceolarias, balsams, and many varieties of

geraiuums.

The farmer's occupation, though given by God to
man, innnediatcly on bis expulsion from Eden, and as
a consequence of his transgression, is yet a noble one ;
the curse being tnrned into a blessing. The seed which
he casts into the earth springs uj) and grows, "he
" knoweth not how;" and he has all around him mate-
rial for loftiest thoughts and divinest as[)Irations. lie
can " look through nature, up to natvu-e's God,"'

" Who, through Creation's chain

II»th made all things in harmony,

And nought in vain;"

and sec in every flower that blooms, the marks of " His

unrivalled pencil ;" while each blade of grass doomed to

fall before his scythe, bears living witness to the power

and greatness of Him who ' ' alone can give the in-

crease.

Many of the women of the county manufacture
various kinds of linen and woollen cloth, and also yarn

and!
chii

preij

hole!

of i\

poleJ

place

remn

the (I

It af

whic

It is

whic

fibres

is twi

nJng

first

COL'NTY OF LUNENBURG.

ICA)

and scwlnr^ tliread. Tlio introduction of carding ma-
cliincs has been tlie means of savinj^ them much lahor
in ;j;cttini;' the wool ready for spinninjij. Flax is wholl}
prepared by hand. In tiie autumn it is broken. A
hole or kiln is dug in the ground, generally on the side
of a hill, all but the fi-ont being walled up. Small
poles arc laid across the top. On those tlie flax is
placed, and a fire made underneath. When dry it in
removed to the brake, where it is scutched or i)ruiscd,
the outer covering being partly removed from the fibre.
It afterwards goes through the process of swingling, by
which the reufainder of the outer shell is thrown ofT.
It is then hackled, or as the Germans call it, het(;helled,
which takes out the refuse called tow, and causes the
fibres of the plant to lie evenly togethcT, after which it
is twisted up nto small bundles, and put away Wn- spin-
ning. Very superior flax is raised in the county. The
first prize for " best skutched flax,'' and the second
prize for " best bundle of flax in raw state," were
awarded to Abraham Ilebb, Esq., at the Provincial
p]xhil)ition held at Halifax in October, 18f)8.

Parties composed of men and women, boys and
girls, the fair sex generally predominating, are willing
and cheerful guests at "breaking frolics." The noise
of the instruments, can be heard at Bomc distance. The
gathering in of the flax is followed by a genuine* merry
making, and a feast of good things ; at wliich kind
hearted mothers, and "cherry cheeked maidens," do
the honors to the satisfaction of all concerned.

The attention of farmers has been lately called to the
raising of hemp. The produce of one thousand acres is
required for the yearly sujiply of the Dartmcnith Rope

\ ■

J ;

■

/!>'

¥%ii

h i

170

inSTOltY OF THE

I- in:

!»

:ri

' 11

works, and as it i« a remunerative croj), it mljilit as well
J)e (^roAvn in IS'ovii Scotia, as in)j)<)rtcd iVoni forei<^n
countries. A lar'^c quantity niiji^lit be wnt from this
county, where it was 8UC(H}i!*sfully raised in early times.
A great many warm knitted woollen drawer.^, socks,
gloves, and mittens, are takim })y the women to mar-
ket, in the towns and villages. Iheir "home made*'
-dresses are so well woven, and striixMl or plaidcd with so
much taste, that unless closely insj>e(!ted, many of them
can hardly be distinguished from imj)()rte(l fabrics.
Some of the carpets and mats which they manufacture
for domestic use, are very beautifid in colors and
design ; and their linen table cloths and towels, when
nicely bleached, are by m(»st h()usckee[)ers preferred to
any others, and are often eagerly sought for by stran-
gers visiting the county. Their industry is very com-
mendable, and to them may with truth be a2)plied the
words of the Book of all books :

" She Bceketh wool, and flax, and worketh vvilliugly with
licr hands."

" She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands
hold the distufF."

" She looketh well to the ways of her household, and
eateth not the bread of idleness."

]\Iany of the farmers' daughters are also proficient in
ornamental needlework ; and can display end)roidery,
equal in bciuity to that produced by young ladies in
town or city,

A season more favorable for Agriculrurc than that
of J 8(19, has not been known within the memory of
men now^ living ; and the crops were, in consequence,
most abundant. When the hai'vcst was gathered in,

the s

fulfil
pour
rooml

kindl

qii
dii

:..si^

COUNTY OF LUNENHUUO. 171

the ytorcliotisos wvvo full, and tlicro wan almost n literal
fulfilment of the Almighty 'c!i promisi; to his pcoplo, to
pour out !i blessing ^o large that there should not ho
room enough to reeeive it.

FISHERIES.

The following information is gathered from returns
kindly furnished hy llemy S. Jost, Es(|., of Lunen-
hurg, and Daniel Dimoek, Etscj., of Chester.

ScaiKDir.H of fishing plaees, fishermen, vessels, boats,
(juantities and value of fish, &c., taken and landed
durinu" the season 18l]9, along the coast of the
western DiJ^frict, county of Lunenhurg, viz : lie-
ween the western county line and Martin's River
east, not including the Islands of Tancook.

Lunenburg Harbor, including S(mtli, Kingsburg, Rose-
bay, Blue Kocks, Black liocks, and Cross Island.

Codfish, Labrador COOO quintals.

Do Bay St. Lawrence r)580 "

Do Shore and Bank i scale 3420 "

Herring, Labrador 300 barrels.

Do Shore 1424 "

Mackarel, Bay St. Lawrence 320 "

Do Shore 451 "

Cod Oil 9750 gallons.

Dog Oil 500 "

Salmon 400 pounds.

Value 804,293
Vessels and Boats —

Schooners 27

Tonnage 1155

Whalers, 17 to 25 ft 90

Flats, 12 to 16 ft 96

Men employed 425

i , •

1 ,,..«

ii «

ll||ir;:

■"■OMM

ri'miniwn

I ' I

n'll^

fin J

172 TIISTOUY OF TIIR

Miihonc Biiy, including MartinVs River, iuid Mur-
derer's Point.

Codfisli, Labrador 29i')0 (iiiintals.

Do Shore and Bank ^ scale 400 "

Haddock, North Bay and Cape IJretou H 10 "

Ilcrrinjj, Bay of Ishmds 500 harrc)3.

Do Ma;i;dalcn Islands aud Bay ) in'n "
Chalcur i
ISIackarcl, Bay St. Lawrence 175 "

Cod Oil 2300 gjillons.

Salmon 500 puunds.

Alowivcs and Shad 40 barrels.

Value $19,730

Vessels and Boats —

Schooners 14

Tonnage G30

Whalers, 17 to 25 ft 36

Flats, 12 to 16 ft 10

Men employed 159

LalLivc, ineluding llitcy lS Cove, and Iron Boinxl

Island.

Codfish, Labrador 4150 (juintals.

Do Bay St. Lawrence 6987 "

Do Shore and Bank ^ scale 330 "

Herring, Labrador 170 barrels.

Do Shore 180 "

IMackarel, liay St. Lawrence 320 "

Do Shore 30 "

Cod Oil 7167 gallons.

Dog Oil 200 "

Salmon 2500 pounds.

Ale wives and Shad 75 barrels.

Value $44,104

Vessk
S

N'cw

C.I

COUNTY OF LUNENIUIIIO.

173

11- VesSKLS ANI> liOATS—

Schooners 23

Tonnugp, 107G

Whalers, 17 to 25 ft 50

Flats, 12 to 16 ft 22

IMcn c u 1 ployed 320

iVew DiiMiii, incliidin;^ Vo<;]cr'8 C\>vo, liroad Cove,
Petite I{ivi(M'e, ^\'e8t DuMin, and Ifilands.

Codfish, Labrador (5350 quintals.

Do Bay St, Lawrence 1050 "

Do Shore and Bank ^ scale 24r)0 "

IlerrinL's, Labrador 100 barrels.

Do Magdalen Islands ''^"d ( ., 4.-)rj u
Bay Chaleur ) "

Do Shore 3200 "

Mackarcl, Bay St. Lawrence 495 "

Do Shore 420 "

Cod Oil 611)0 gallons.

Dog Oil .300

Salmon 300 pounds.

Alewives and Shad 10 barrels.

Value $58,340
Vessels and Boats —

Schooners 17

Tonnage 881

Whalers, 17 to 25 ft 70

Flats, 12 to 16 ft 80

Men employed 370

Abstract —

Codfish , quintals 41,117

Herring, barrels 9,344

Mackarel, « 2,211

Oil, gallons 26,377

Value $186,467

I'l

It:

(

;4i

' -i

;:|

I'" ,!

■ ill

:?i^;

174 niSTORY OF THE

Vessels 81

Tonnage 3742

Boats 400

Men 1274

A large (juantity uf other !<lu)ro ^ii?li taken, are dis-
posed of, and used fresh. Such fish arc not einnnera-
ted in tlie ahove statement. So Avitli lobsters, and eels.

Some few of the vessels cntTJ'U'Hl in fishinL:: are em-
])l(mxl the whole season, say eight months. 'Die most
of them but from three to six months.

'^riie eateh of fall maekarel has been very small on
the shore for several seasons past.

The return of salmon, and alewives is only approxi-
mate. I had no certain means of information.

Datp:s of FiNiiiNG :-—

Shore hshiiig — April to November.
Labrador fishmg — June to September.
Bay St. Lawrence fishing — fJunc to November.
The fish canu'ht arc iienerallv sold at Luiicnbur":*
and Halifax, and some at Ivagged Islands, for shipment
to the A^'est Indies. Fall maekarel, and some codfish,
and herring are sent to the l.^nitcd States.

Eusfi'VH iJLsft'icf. From Luncnl)urg township line
cast to llalifiix county line.

Codnsh, 3000 quintals value $7,r)00

Muckarel, L-aught in vessels, 81)0 bbls. " 4,'>20

Do " " boats, 2000 " " 12,500

Herring GGOO " " 14,850

Lobsters 22000 " '' 220

Salmon, packed in ice 2204 " " G,000

Do smoked ... 200 " " IGO

Alewives, pickled and smoked, 200 barrels 400

fK),150

Vessi

AnsTi

C|
]\l

II
L

S
A

COt!s'TY OF LtJNENnrRa.

US'

Vessels and Boats —

Schooners 5

Tonnage , 213

Boats, large size .GO

Whale boats 100

Men employed 83

Abstract foj{ wholk County : —

Codfish , 44,117 quintals.

Mackarel . . 5,041 barrels.

Herring 15,0 14 "

Lol)Stc'rs 22,000

Salmon , 2,404

Alewives 200 barrels.

Oil 2G,377 gallons.

Value ^232,017

Vessels 80

Tonnage 3955

Boats G20

Men 1359

!l i

Tlio ))nivo and hardy fi!slicrincii of tlie counfy desovve'

special mention. They are often exposed to great ])eril-

and siiff'ei'inu'. Avliile toilinu' far aAvav on the deej). i\\t

()fl\ as tliey are, from [)ostal and telegraphic eonniuini-

cation with their families, tlie chance arri\al of a >('ssel

in the (^r(>\in('>", or eonnty^ frotv, the places Avhere tliey

are at work, is almost the o?ily mean.- afloided to hear

from them. The howling wind, and the roar of ocean,-

frecinentlv sadden the inmatci^ of their isea uirt lionies*

'• AVIicro •\vivos and bairris are looking out
With chilly fear, and creeping doubt,"

;i:3i

J I

I i ?

ITC)

HISTORY OF THR

hy rciniiKllni^ tlicin tliat those tlioy love may ))e lost
amidst the contending elements ; l)ut Fjiith whispers the
•eomfortinix assurance that thev are under the protection of

* * * " Ilim whose sacrod form
Once walked upon the sea ;
Whose voice allayed the angry storm
On holy Galilee."

It is cause for tliankfulness, that being, not only
<3xpcrt fishermen, but skilful mariners ; and having ves-
sels generally " tight and trim," accidents are few, in
proportion to the number of men employed.

A\'hen a failure occurs in the fishery, the fishermen
are left, in most cases, in debt for their supplies, with
families ixMpiiring support ; hoping for means of esca])e
from their diHiculties, in the results of their next year's
vovages. A\'hile thev contribute larrrelv to tlu> wealth
■of the l*i"ovin(H\ they do not receive that public assis-
tance to which they are entitled, and which is elsewhere
given to those who engage in the same hazardous call-
ing. They would to-day be in a much better position,
if the river fisheries had been properly ])rotected ; but
the close relationsliip in which these stand to the shore
and dee}) sea fisheries, seems to have been hitherto en-
tirely overlooked, exce[)t in a mere assertion of tho fact.
The evil is capable of being yet remedied, to a very
great extent, by using the means adopted with so nuich
success elsewhere, and by establishing a judicious super-
vision of inland streams, by men whose practical edu-
cation and experience, qualify them for the important
work.

"^riie shore and river fisheries of the county, were
fbrmerlv verv productive. The earliest ace nt eon-

■L,.A

COUNTY OP LUNENBURG.

177

•all-

HH'C

en-

^ery
niK'li
ipcr-
cdu-
•taiit

Acrc
?on-

nectoil witli thcni is tliat Razilly, (previously montionod
as Coinniandcr-iji-Chicf residing at Lalleve,) Deiiys,
and a Breton merchant, sent fish from Lalleve, to I>re-
tagne, which sold well. They also sent the 'Catharine'
u vessel of two hundred tons, commanded by Deny's
brother, to Portugal, with a cargo of codfisli. Tiiesc
cxportations were made between the years 1()32, and

The coast fislieries excited the astonishment of Lord
Cornwallis, who on his visit in 1749, wrote that tliosc
on board his sliin cauu^ht fish evcrv dav, since tliev were
within forty leagues of the coast, and that " the harbor"
was " full of all kinds offish." Strange as it UMiy now
appear, American fishermen used to "kill voyages"
between Tancook and Loni:: Island. An aued inhabi-
tant told the writer, that fortv vears a<>'o, he and his
brothers used to <xo out in a boat sixteen feet lou":, in
the earlv morniufj: ; and in the inunediate nei<xhl)orho()d
of IleckmaTrs Island, with hook and line, load it with
mackarcl larger and fatter than any now caught.

In the month of October, boats from the Bine rocks
woukl come into Limenburg, laden with No. 1 mac-
karcl. They Avere 80 abundant, that men werc engaged
along the shore, day and night, in s])litting and ciu-ing
them. The })rice, when in prime shipping order, was
from three to four dollars per barrel ; and they could bo
bought at the stages, taken from the puncheon^^ split
and salted, at the rate of two dollars for two hundred
weiii:ht.

In those days the waters literally teemed with fish.
Salmon were caught in the Lallave river, in March,
and in ^lay. Shad were also very abundant, and of
12'

I'Si

iill!

Jt !

i 1 i

. 1 .n

I'll":

;•

' lit

178

HISTOKY OF THE

the finest quality. Tlirce hiiiidrcd and fifty ^liad woi'c
not tlu)ui>]it much of a catch for one dav.

In tlie month fiiv^t named, nets were set through
lioles cut in tlie ice, and tlie fiFliermen were accustomed
to say, tliat if they did not get more fisli than they
couhl cari'v liome without tlieir ox carts, it was not
worth Aviiilc to yo to llie rlNcr, 'I'he INlcLeod's from
Li\er[)oi»l, cauglit in one season at Cook's i'alls, 1800
barrels of alcwives. Cook and Moser brougiit down
tlie river, in one day, fifieen himdred barrels. Closer
loaded his l)rig w ith alewi\es, and exchanged them in
tlie United ►•states for Hour, barrel for barrel. Some-
times a man endeavoring to pull out a square hand net,
would find the ([uantity of fish enclosed to be so large,
that he was unable to lift them to shore. It was no
uncommon thing, for twenty or thirty salmon to be
taken from a net, at a single haul. Parlies on going
to the ri^'or, freijuently fuund their nets sunk with the
weii»iit of the fish.

A great many alewives were also caught at the
Falls near Gross's, on Lallave river. Two men went
to tiiese falls on one occasion, and standing abovi>
them, they saw a liear on a rock below, eating alewives,
and shot him through the back. Another then appear-
ed in sight, and he also was fired at and wounded,
when both tot)k to the river, and went down into the
still water. The men fearing lest they should escape,
ran quickly below the falls, fired again, and killed them.
Thev saw two cart loads of the remains of alewi\ es left
liy bears, of which the backs only were eaten.

Codfish and sea trout, of very liirge size, have been
taken in nets at Bridge water.

COrNTV OF LUXENBUIIG.

170

A lij-iu". :ir.(l a larg'c scliooiuM", lieloiiii'in^ to liiulolf,
Sj)(!nnu'!('. :!iul otliors, were both lomled at one time, at
HridLicwatcr, Avitli fif^h caui^lit in the IjJilIave.

(Sec .-Tarcinent of vesi^els; and boats, and ({uantitie.'? of
lish cured. )

EDUCATION.

Many part^ of the county were settled at a compara-
tively recent date, l)y persons, A\ho like others of earlier
times, were unable to obtain help from abroad, and
were obliued to make use of all they could procmx;
within their own domestic circles. Who natural result
(»f this state of things Avas, that unless a '' travellinj;'
Teacher,*' often ill qualified for his work, oifercd his
services for a short time in the winter, they wci'C Avith-
i)Ut educational advantages. The })eople luuc; not been
iienerallv indifferent to a cause with which their best
interests are so intimately connected. Those, avIio from
the force of circumstances were prevented from receiv-
ing instruction, are anxious that their children shall
occupy a more favorable position, and that the blessings
of a sound education shall be generallv diffused in their
res])cctive neighborhoods.

'^riie following arc extracts from tbc report of the
school inspector for the county, for the year 18()<S :

'• During the first term of the past school year tlicre were
in all the County 74 schools and departments in operation ;
of these 15 Avere in the District of Lunenburg, 14 in Xew
Dublin and 17 in Ch'^ster. During the second term, from
May till November 1868 there Averc 81 schools and <1epart-
ments at Avork in the County, namely, 47 in the di.strict of
TAiuenliurg, 10 in New Dublin and 15 in Chester: sheAving an

M V

♦11 !'

J'rfe 'I'li.' ■

'I. I

180

HISTORY OF THE

(f '1

1^1

incrccasc in the number of schools over the first term of 5 for
the wliole County. This may be now distinctly seen by

menus of the following : —

Dates.

No. of Scboots in operation.

T.ital

rnpilR

I.iini-n-
burif.

Dublin.

14
19

C'lii'slir.

Total.

Ur„-istpriMl.

From Nov. '67, till May '68
From May till Nov. 1868...

45
47

17
15

4055
3710

Sccfioiis. — There are 117 school sections in the County;
viz: 61 in Lunenburg District, 31 in New Dublin and 25 in
Chester.

Suprrioy Schools. — Four schools successfully competed
for the Superior Grant during the first term, viz : Chester,
Mahone Bay, Bridge water and Petite Riviere. For the
second term there were five competitors in the field, viz:
Chester, Mahone Bay, Bridgewater, Petite Riviere and West
Dublin. The three first named are graded schools, the
latter two are not graded.

Houses. — Two neat and commodious new school-houses
have been built last year in sections that liad never had
schools before, and both are occupied ; tbus reducing the
number of sections in Lunenburg District without houses to
four, and two of them will in all probability have houses
built and schools at work before the close of the present
school year. A great many houses have been repaired and
improved during tlie past year, — several have been newly
furnished and otherwise rendered more comfortable and
attractive, both internally and externally, thus presenting a
much more respectable and cheerful appearance to the
passer-by, and forming a very agreeable contrast witli their
condition, even two years ago. A new apartment is being
fitted up in the Academy building to accommodate a fifth

COUNTY OF LUNP:NIiURG.

181

ses
cut

vly
nd
a
he

ing

tth

(lepartniont tlicre, wliicli "vvns much needeil. An additional
apartment lias been rented for the .school in IJrid^cwatcr,
which Avill, if properl}' managed enable the trnstees to grade
in iliree departments. The new bnilding in West Dublin is
a very handsome one, of two apartments, capable of contain-
ing 1"20 pupils with comfort. It is nicely furnished
throughout with Dawson desks and benches with backs.
The school-houses in Ciiester have been thoroughly repaired,
and one of them, (that now containing the Intermediate
Department) has been refurnished aiul rendered more com-
modious and comfortable. In this respect it may be seen we
have made considerable progress in the right direction. In
New Ross a new s(!hool-housc has been built in the section
back of Lake Ramsay Now we see the whole County
almost thickly dotttMl over with neat, clean and tidy looking
houses, promoting cheerfulness by their very aspect, and in a
majority of cases, conveniently, if not handi^omely l^nuished
with every thing tending to comfort and convenience.

Apparatus^. — Nine schools in tlie County are supplied
with Globes, the majority have Hemispheres and other good
wall maps. Ball frames are being fast introduced, and they
with Black-boards have now become indispensable, and are
very generally and properly used by many of the teachers.
In all the housus lately built and in several others that have
had tlieir plai.-Jtering repaired, I have been able to prevail
on tlie trustees to have their Black-boards done in the
plai.ster, and whenever this has been done it has nevcn- failed
to give the utmost satisfaction.

Books. — The Nova Scotia series of text books has l)oen
introduced and a perfect and complete uniformity in this
respect now dbtains, for nearlv every scho )1 in the Cuun

ms a lau" su

ppiy.

Furniture. — A very decided improvement has also been
made in the furniture of our schools, several are elegantly

i-\

-^■r- I I I I . jn « i iii am.u i' - •

'»li,

■■if ^

Ji i

li'S

, u

182

mSTOUY OF THE

furnislud with tlic patent desk atid cliair, and many with the
Dawson desk oi* .something like it.

Goicral condition of ScJiooh;, Method of Tcdchiii;/, dc. —
I lia\(! <s,vcai pleasnre in l)eitif; able to report that a manifest
improvement has .shewn itself in the internal mana,qement and
method of teaching in a majority of the .schools in tliis county
during the past year, which is highly encouraging and speak-
volumes in favour of the educational progress of the county."

'I'lio Academy hiiildinu' at Liincnbiiru:, \vr.s coiMinon-
ccd in iMt)'), and comijlctcd in iSdl). 'I'hc j)rcscnt
tcatdicis arc Mr. Ivlward II. Owen, Princij)ai, Rev.
Ah'x. Dcslirisay, Prcjjaratorv Departnieiit. Miss Mar-
ff'.xrvx Ross, Jntcrmcdiato. Miss .Sarali Ilii(h% Kle-
incntai'\ , and ]\Iist5 Sarali Burns, Initiatory. Xinnbcr
of ])n|)ils ^)11.

Number of children Avho attended school in whole
eounty, during Avinter term IMJII, 4'2'2'2. Suuuner
term -llilil.

'!1ie new school-house at liridii'cwater, accommodates
()T pujiils in the Senior I)ej)artnient, and 11.") in tlie
Junior Department. I'otal in attendam'e ]S2. The
teachers are Kbenezer 1). Miller, A. 1)., lVIncij)al.
Asv<istants — Miss Nellie Morse, and Miss Lucy Ihown.

The registered pupils in the seiiools at Chester", are
1(5(1. The average daily attendance is TOO. The
teachers are ]\lr. \\'illiain Shore, Princij)a]. Assis-
tants, Miss Grace Feader, and ^liss ]\Iiunie Sniitli.

TEMPERANCE.

Exce[)ting always the Christian church, one of tix
greatest blessings to the eounty, has been the spread of
"Total Abstinence."

wat

iiad

sai(

doii

its

ibih

xho

grc;

•' I!

COUNTY OF LUNEMU'Ilf:.

183

A tmipcriinco socii^tv wms c'stal)lislio<l in Rridne-
AVJitor, al>oiit tlio year 1S2(), I)v Ilonrv Stafford, who
had hccn a scliool-inastor at Liinonhiirjj^ ; wliich it is
said was the first ono oru'anizod in tho coiiiity : l)!it after
doinji," somo j^ood, from a want of ciu'ruy on tlic part of
its nioiiihors, it coased to exist. It was, liovvever, soon
followed hy another, aii<l inereas<'d interest was taken in
tlio cause, until the '• St)ns of 'reni[)craiice" met with
jLi'reater favor. In later years the sister society oi
" IJritish Templars" was introduced, and hoth have
lu'en eidaruinii; their lists of nienilx'rs, and estahlishinix
branclx's of their res[tecti\-e orders, until they can hoast
that their princijdes are puhlicly recofriiizi'd in ail the
towns and ^•illal:•es, and in many of the smallest t^ettle-
mcnts.

The i-eally wonderful chan^'c which has taken })lacc,

can he fully understood only hy those who rememher

the free use of intoxieatinp; li((Uor on IJattalion days,

^vhen the terms of the diffl^'rent C'our^s were lield, at

breaking frolics, and haulinir j)arties. r)ne of the aru'u-

inents used in those days against tem}»eraneo societies

was, thivt m(!n could not he hired to work without the

eustoma.ry allowance of rmn. To drink was fa.-hion-

ahle, and in this way Avas worse than wasted mucji of

the hai'd earninirs of the j)eoj)le, which would, under

present cireumstanees, he used to increase

"Domestic ha])piness," the "only bliss
Of rara<lise that has survived the Fall."

There is no more honored name in the list of those
who have lab(M'ed in this u'ood work, than that of the
Reverend James V. Cochran, A. ]M. Durinii,- many
years, while Keetor of Lunenburg, he i>ublicly ;!dv(»-

ijij

ll:

liifl

|.: i)

Hill

184 HISTOKV OF THR

catcd total ah.stlnenee, witli uhilily and oarncstnoss, in
(lifiirtMit distriotis, and enturocd i^ by Inn own oxanijde.
Miiiiy luTsons have felt tlicuiHolvcs indel)t('d to liiin
under ( iod, for liaving" led them hack from the drunk-
ard's downward path, to yohriety and uisefulness.

Nothhij; can better ilhi.-^trate the general extension of
temperance ]>rin('i[)les than the followini^ list of " Divi-
sions" and *' Lodj^es" now in operation.

DIVISIONS SONS OF TKMl'F.KANCE.

Chester Chester.

l*ii(enlx Hridj^ewater.

Siierbrooke New lioss.

Xoble Petite Kiviere.

Pleasantville Corkum Settlement.

Ijallave ]\Iiddle LalLive.

Blandford IJlandford.

Con((uerall CvOiiquerall J'lank.

^^'estcrn Home Lunenburg.

L0DGP:H liKITISII TEMPLAUS.

Excelsior Chester.

Kock Lunenburg.

Kose of Sharon Bridgewater.

Kosedale Cheslev's X. G.

Kightingale , . !Mahone Bay.

Chelsea Keform Clielsea.

Dawn of Hope Ivitcy's Cove.

IMultiflora Foster Settlm't.

Hand of Fricndshi[) Vogler's Cove.

Lily of the A'^allev , . Kiversdale.

Sparkling Water West Dublin.

;^fi

'.3c£w..:«ik-.

rouxTY OF LrxKxiu'Kf;. 185

Lako Xcw ( 'aiiada.

Maywicath Lau;j,ill(', St. \. ( i.

( Vntreville CVntrcvilk', X. G.

Palm Tree XortliJicld.

Siloani Xi'w ( 'oniwall.

Kose Piay lioso l»ay.

Geneva Iviny.slair^.

Koso Villa Poiitz Srttlm't.

Faith Lower liranch } Tia-

Oiir ll()[)e Ui)})er Jjianch 5 H'lvc

NATURAL HISTORY.

3IAMMALS.

OuDKR, Caunivoua. — Bat, ( Vespcrtilio.) Star nosed
mole, ( dovihjlnra Longicaudata.) Shrew mice, {Sorex.)
Bear, {Ursus AmericaiuiSy) sometimes attaining the Aveight
of over 400 pounds. Raccoon, {Proojon Lolor,) of the
weasel family, (Micstelidae.) Ermine, {HFustda Erminca.)
"Weasel, {M. Communis.) Martin, (J/. Marten.) Fisher,
(il/. Cajiachnsis.) Skunk, {Afephitis Americaiia.) Mink,
{3luslela bison.) Otter, {Lutra C'anadevsis.) Lynx or
wild cat, and Loupcervier, or Lucifee, {Fclis Canadensis.)
Fox, [Canis Falvus.) Cross, [Ganis Decussatus.) Black
or silver grey, (C. Argentatus.) The furs of the black,
silver grey, and cross fox, the mink, martin and otler are
the most valuable. Seals, {Phocidoi.) The latter are most
abundant in the neighborhood of Blandford, and have been
seen in pursuit of fish and shot above Lallave bridge,
thirteen miles from the month of the river.

OiiUEU, RoDKNTiA. — Hare, {Lepus Americanus,) known
as the rabbit. Porcupine, {Hyslrix Dorsala.) This animal
lives on the cleanest food, and the flesh of the young Porcu-
pine is by many esteemed for its delicacy. The quills,
which supply its defence against enemies, are dyed in

If!'
'11,

misa

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

1.4

M
=

1.6

e^.

'm a

"V^

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTEKN.Y. 14580

(7)6) 872-4503

f ^

■ii

" Mi

.MM

1 1,

1;^

■)

! '

ill

18G

III8T0RY OF THE

various colors, and much used in Indian ornamental work.
Sf|iiirrols. Ground squirrel, (Siciirns Listcri.) Common
Ktiuirrel, {tS. Jfudsonicus,) and flying squirrel, [Ploromyx
SuLriiuis.) IJeaver, {Castor Fiber Americanns.) These
animals, with the remarkable construction of tlieir iiabita-
tions, and the adaptation of their separate entrances to the
rising and falling of the waters where they are built, form
an interesting subject for study.

iraviiiii" hoard that one of those roiiujvk.'iMo luibita-
tions had boon rooontly constructed at Shinu'lo lake, the
writer wont thither on tlic 1st of October hist, in com-
pany with Joim McLean, senior, an old eniiurant from
]»a]ivcastle, Ireland, who settled in the neiu'liborhood
many vcars ajyo. After a walk of about two miles
throup^h tanf^led thicket and swamp, shewiiiLi' the fresli
tracks of the moose, the beavers dwelliuii" was reached.
It is situated in a wild meadow about one hundred
yards from the 'lake, near a brook which forms its
outlet. Jiy actual measurement it was found to be
sixty fcH't in circuml'erence at the base, and six feet in
height. There was no entrance to be seen above the
water. Two j)oles, such as arc used in fcncinii', were
laid in a slanting direction on each side of where the
entrance is supj)osed to be, with one end of each under-
neath the house, and extendinii; twelve feet or more
from it. On those poles, at the base of the house,
heavy stones were placed to kcoji thoui firm in theiv
position. One of those stones was Iwcuty-six iiches
huiif, and as heavv as a num could well lift, liisinu'
throuuh the roof, and about two feet above it, between
the poles before referred to, were two stakes, fastened
near the top with withs, twisted and neatly tied toge-
thCY. At a distance of about two feet, two other stakes

COUNTi' OF LrXEXBURO.

l.S'

were i^iniilarly arraiiijcd. 'Flic top of* each ^lit'wod tliat
it had been f'orcihlv driven down. In tlic middle of the

brook,

and in a inic w

•ith tl

le centre of tlie .<[)ae(

twecn thct^e double istaket!, was another, of about four
inches in diameter, with tlic bark removed, the top of it
])cinj( a few inches beneath the surface. This stake ha<l
evidently some direct connection with the entrance to
the house. Mud had l)een carried \^\^ over the roof,
and worked in witli tlie other materials of which it was
composed. Larij^e branches of birch trees, about fifteen
feet in length, with the small twiijs remainiuir, and their
leaves still green, Avcre drawn over the roof. At a
short distance the house looked like a larice heap of
bushes thrown promiscuously touether. It was, how-
ever, so solidly built, tliat thou'ih three persons walked
over it, and stood together on the top, it shewed no
sign of yieldinp:, and proved that it was indeed the
handiwork of master mechanics, acting under the direc-
tion of Infinite AVivdom and G(jodness. It would witli-
out doubt have apj)carcd still more wonderful, could its
interior arrangements, and the home life of its imnates,
have been seen. The exterior alone was well woi-th a
longer tram]) through tangled Avildwood, than was
necessary to visit it.*

The beavers cut down large trees, and saw them into
sections, with which they build dams, tightening them
with nuid and other substances. The l(»<is aic often cut
at the head of lakes, and floated down to the ])laccs
where they are required. These dauis sometimes (-uise
material damage to farmers by t)verflowing their mea-

* The iiiodol of a beaver's house, presented to the Museum at
Halifax, hy Cajjt. Hardy, R. A , is a very <,'ood repres^eiitation of the
one above described.

188

IIISTOItY OF THE

i I

\mi

LI- J

(lows, Jind preventing them from securing the crops.
When a (lain i.s torn away, and the beavers are not
closely watched, they rebuild it with astonishing rapi-
dity. Tlie M'ork is principally done during the night.

Abraham Ilebb, Esq., and others, while removing
marsh mud from a meadow, a few years ago, found,
three feet below the surface, a section of a wliite birch
tree, shewing at each end the marks of the beaver's
teeth. When it had been a short time exposed to the
air, all excejjt the bark crumbled to dust.

In earlier times, the fur of the beaver formed quite
an article of export from the county. It is not now so
easily obtained.

Musk Hat, or Musquash, {Fiber Zibffhicus.)
Burrowing field mouse, (Arvicoid Pennsylvauica.)

OiiDEii, RuMiXANTiA. — Mooso, or Elk, {Alces Ameri-
cana.) Caribou, or Reindeer, {Cerviis Tarandus )

Ordkr, Cetacea. — The whale, {Balacna 3Ii/sticctus,)
has been taken in the waters of the (tounty. Grampus,
{Phocaenn Orca.) Porpoise, {Phocacna Communis,) often
killed by Indians for the oil they supply.

BIRDS.

"Birds ! joyous birds of the wanderinj]f wing !
Whence is it ye come with the flowers of Spring."

Ordeu. — Birds of prey. Falcons, {FalconiJac.) inclu-
ding bald eagle, fish liawk, hen hawk, and sparrow hawk.
Owls, (Striyidac.) Grey owl. Horned owl.

Order. — Perchers. Shrikes, (Laniadac.) The only
species known in Nova Scotia has been found in the county;
the American shrike, or butcher bird. Thrushes, (Meruli-
dae.) Of these the robin, cat bird, wood thrush, and black
bird, are common to the county. Warblers, {Syluiadae.)
Yellow birds, and black cap. Fly catchers, {Muscicapidac.)

Kinj

Iida(M

conn]

orchi

gath(

bird,]

and

hatclil

Rub}

Belte|

chinn

gidae

COLTNTY OF LUXENBURG.

181)

)ftea

only
aty;
ruli-
ack
ae.)
ac.)

King bird, redstart, and wood pcwcc. Chatterers, (Ampc-
lidae.) Clierry bird. So destructive arc these birds in the
county, that duritiir one season, the owner of a vahiablc
orchard, liaving several large cherry trees filled with fruit,
gathered only ten ([uarfs. Finches, (^Fringillidae.) Snow
bird, and red li;i':'it. Crows, [Corvidae.) Common crow,
and blue jay. Creepers, (Cer^/a'o(/ae.) White bellied nut-
hatch, and brown creeper. Humming birds, {Truchilidac.)
Ruby throated hummingbird. King fishers, [flalcyonidae )
Belted king-fisher. Swallows, {Uirundinidac.) Barn,
chimney, and blue swallows. Night Hawks, {Cnprivud-
gidae.) Night hawk, and whip-poor will.

Ordek, — Climbers. Woodpeckers, {Picidac.)

CtDER. — Scrapers. Grouse, {Tetraomdae.) Ruffed
grouse, or birch partridge, and spotted grouse, or spruce
partridge. Pigeons, {CuIumJndac.) Wild pigeons. The
latter Avere formerly very abundant, but are now rarely seen.

Oi{i>EH. — Waders. Herons, {Ardcidae.) Great blue
heron, or crane. Snipes, {Scolopacidcu.) American snipe,
and woodcock, sand pipers, and curlews. I'halaropes,
(P/iah(roj>idai\) Hyperborean, or brown phalaropc.
Plovers, (Charadriadae.) Golden ring, and black bellied.

Orpeu. — Ducks and geese, (Anatldae.) AVild goose,
brent, black duck, and teal. Wood ducks are also fouud in
the county. The drake is a very handsome bird, and the

colors about the head and neck are exceedingly brilliant,
and varied. Divers, {Colymlidae.) Great northern diver,
or loon. Auks, (AJcidac.) Auks, and sea doves. Gulls,
(Laridac.) Tern, grey gull, and petrel. Grebes, {Podice-
pidae.) Red necked grebe, and dobchick.

Most of those named arc birds of passaijfP. Sonic
varietic!^, including the crow, blue jay, pitridoc, smd

I'l 'I'

1!)()

IIISTOUY OF THE

wf)(»(l[)('('ker, remain tliruu^h tlie coldest seasons. A
solitiuy r()l)In is also frequently seen (luring our milder
Avintcrs.

15inls resenil)linii: those known in the north of Bri-
tain, as coek of the wood, l)la('k, and with lyre shai)ed
tails, have been seen in the county.

IMaiiy of the birds sing very sweetly, and can be
lieard frou) early spring to autumn. ;

" Tlicv tell of birds in other clinics,
With plumage bright and gay,
In jiorjieous tints outrivalling
An eastern king's arrav —
Strangers to song — more dear to me
Tiie linnet, modest grey,
That pipes in sweetest snmmor woods
His jrlad heart thrilling lay.

Sweet birds of this my native land,

1 loved you when a boy,

Your names are linked unto my heart

AVith dreams of vanished joy ;

And I couhl wish, wlicn death has stilled

For aye this heart of mine,

That o'er my last low bed of earth

INIijlht swell vour notes divine."

lavPTILES.

Fresh water Tortoise, (J'J7nys^) sometimes fouiul of largc

sizc. The shell of one was given to the writer by Leonard

Wambolt, senior, which measures 16 inches in length, and

18 inches iu width. Snakes, — Lizards, — Frogs, — Toads, —

Newts.

AIJTICULATET) ANIMALS.

Worms. — Earth worms, and leeches,
Crustacea, — Lobster, crab.
Sii((lc)'s. — Centipedes.
Insects, — Of different orders.

t; ,1

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

lUl

Okdkr, Colkoitera. — Beetles, water beetle, {Di/tisats.)
Fire flies, {Elater.) Turnip fly, {AHica.) Ludy bugs,
{CoccincUa.)

Oi:i)i-:u, OuTiioiTERA. — Crickets and grasshoppers.

Ordkr, Nkuroi'tkua. — Dragon flies, {Libellida,) and
day flics, (^Ephvmcra.)

OiJDKR. IIymknoptera. — AVasps, (Vesjiidac.) Bee,
{Apis.) Ilunible bee, {Jiomhits.) Ichneumons.

Order, IIomoitera. — Singing locusts, and plant lice.

Order, IIeteroI'tera. — Br.g, {Ciintx.) Frog spittle
insects, {Cercoiiidae.)

Order, Lepidoitera. — Butterflies, moths, and millers.
Caterpillars, grubs, cut worms, apple worms, and pea
worms.

Order, Diptera. — ]\[osquitoes and gnats, {Cnlccidae.)
Crane flies, or Hurry long legs, {Tqndidac.) Horse flics,
{Tahanldni .) Bot flies, {Oestridae.) Flesh and house
flips, [Muscidae.) Whe.it fly, improperly called '•weevil."
Hessian fly, {Cccidoviyia.)

MOLLUSCS.

Squids, or cuttle fish. Land snails, and slugs. Of the
shell fish there are found in the county, Mussel, {^Hylilus
iCdidis.) Sand clam, {3[ya Arenaria.) Razor fish, {Solcn
Eiisis.) Scallop, {Pecteu Mar/cllanicus.) The latter is
found in Chester Bay, and also near Lunenburg.

ItADIATKD ANIMALS.

Sea Urchins, star fishes, and jelly fishes.

The wanton destruction of moose, and cariboo, and
of other /errte naturae, lias caused tlieir innnbers to be
sensibly diminished. Game was very abundant in days
u'onc by, and there were many famous huntin<^ grounds
in the county ; some of which have become pt)[)uhjus

ill

102

niSTOUY OF TIIR

'V:

\ i)

8ottl(Mncnts, sucli as New Cicnuany, and Watorloo.
Eiii;lit('on or twenty cariboo have been fre(iiu'ntly seen
toLTotber, and ten or fifteen moo>*»c yards have been
found in a comparatively small district of coinitry.
Thcj^e are often, yet, but sliLditly removed from human
h.abitations. A drove of carriboo, supposed to have
numbered thirty, was once seen crossing; llui Xew (ier-
many lake, on the ice. *' They used to be as |)l(Mity as
sheep are now," Avas the expression of an old sportsman
still livinj":.

Moose are often found alone as well as in ]):iirs.
Not more than five or six are at any time seen tofi'ether.
Moose hunting is a sport in which many of the farmers,
among whom are very expert marksmen, still indulge.
A i>arly of them once started a moose near Laj)land,
and chased him towards Ohio, at the np[)er part of the
Branch, from whence the hunted and the hunters turned
back to Melipsiquit lake; from thence to the Carver
settlement ; and then Avcnt on to the still water at the
foot of Wile's meadow, in which the moose was attacked
by several of the dogs belonging to the party. They
cauiiht him bv the ears, and sides, but after a severe
struggle he escaped from his tormentors, and shortly
afterwards on the fourth day of the chase was brought
down by a ball fired by George Ilebb, seniof. One of
this party, Abraham Hebb, Ksq., late M. V. V. has
killed, and helped to kill fifty-five moose and eight
cariboo. As many as nine have been shot in one hunt.
While being pursued they seldom run long in the same
direction, and a hunter will cross his own track three or
four times in a dav. From ten to fifteen miles travel
on snow shoes in pursuit of moose, is called a good

daj

the

co^l

terJ

beil

BrJ

lakj

Hei

doj

latt

Itl

ball

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 103

= .-.li

(lav's work. They liavc been captured by snares, made
of rope fastened to spring poles, and in pits dug across
their path to the depth of seven or eight feet, and
covered with sticks and moss. Parties of moose hun-
ters have been sometimes exposed to great suffering on
being overtaken by b.ad weather. Two men, Melchor
Broom and John Wile were once out in a severe storm
of snow and hail, and were found frozen to death near a
lake since known as Broom's lake, within a mile of
Hebb's mills. Moose, after they have been worrieil by
dogs, and woundtd by hunters, sometimes p^^tack the
latter, and oblige thom to climb into trees ibr safety.
It has been a rule observed in hunting, that he whose
ball first draws blood is entitled to the muffle.

Immense flocks of plover and curlew, often number-
ing thousands, roamed over the Lunenburg common,
affording fine sport ; and an occasion is recorded when a
bushel basket full were shot in a short time.

The following extracts, from a Journal kept by one
of the early settlers of Chester, shew how plentiful was
then the supply of wild fowl and other game. . •

*>,

1759. August 7. — Two Indian squaws brought in a
birch canoe, five salmon and eighty salmon trout. One of
the salmon weighed twenty-two pounds, and one dozen of
the trout weighed fourteen ^>ounds.

August 27. — Dined on stewed pigeons.

August 30. — Mushamush jeople brought pigeons to sell.

September 2. — Dined at Adolphus Weiderhold's, Lunen-
burg. (Mention is made of many good things, including
roasted pigeons.)

September 3. — (To shew the style of living, a dinner is
here mentioned. It was served at Mrs. Clap's, Goreham's

|f|.l I

194

HISTORY OF THE

ii" I

Point, to a party consisting of Mnjor Shepherd, Captaiu
Houghton, and others, on their way from Lunenburg to
Chester, and is thus journalised.) Dined on a pudding witli
raisins and plums in it, boiled pork and pigeons, carrots and
Spanish potatoes, beans, squash, cucumbers, new cheese,
boiled corn, good claret, and beer, currant jelly, &c.

7lh. Mr. Melvin and Mr. Houghton caught a salmon in
middle river, with their hands.

16th. Paul Labrador, an Indian, brought five partridges
to Mr. Bridges, and lately killed four moose, and two bears ;
brought also dried moose, and tallow. Indian squaws
brought mink skins, and a large bear skin, and sold them
for a quart of wine.

27th. Supped with Mr. Mclven and Capt. Houghton on
baked beaver. It was extraordinary good.

29th. Caught at mill pond — 1 trout, 1 pout, 1 shiner.
12 pond perch.

October 20. — "Went to Halifax. Caught codfish and
mackarel. Killed a penguin. Two Indians came alongside,
with ducks, and penguins.

November 21. — Supped on moose steaks and dried meat.
Indians brought in wild fowl, beaver, &c.

22ud. Indians brought in a moose, killed this morning.
Abundance of ducks, coots, &c.

FISHES.

Mackarel, {Scomber Scombrus.') Tunny, or Albercore.
Blue perch, {Labrus Coricus.) Sculpin, (Cottus.) Sucker,
{Cobitis.) Salmon, (Salmo Salar.) Trouts, (Salvio
Fontijialis.) Sea and lake trout. The latter, of large size,
are caught in the spring, in many parts of the county ; and
also in winter, through holes made in the ice. Salmo Ferox,
or Scotch grey lake trout, are found in the large lake be-
tween New Ross and and New Germany, commonly known
as Sherbrooke lake. They do not rise to the fly, but are

rOUNTX OF LUNENRURO.

105

)ercore.
J acker,
Salrno
je size,
and
Ferox,
Ike be-
Iknown
lut are

lakc'u by sinkin;^ bait, and have been caught weighing as
nuuh as eleven pounds. Smelt, {Os^nerus Eperlantis.)
Herring, (Clupea Elongata.) Alewives, (C/i/pca Vcrnalis.)
iShad, (Alosa.) Cod, {Morrhtta Amtricana.) Hake,
(Phycis.) Haddock, {Morrhua Aeylifimis.) Tom cod, or
frost fish, (Morrhua Pruinosa.) Flat fish, (Plateasa.)
Halibut, ( Jfi/poglossiis Vulgaris.^ Eel, {Anguilla.)

Sharks, {Squalides.) The Basking shark, {Selachc
Maxiinus,) is but seldom seen. The dog fish, a small spe-
cies, is caught in large quantities, and is of value for the oil
it furnishes. It is also dried, and used during the winter in
some districts, as food for hogs.

Skate or Ray, {Raia Batis.) Sturgeon, {Accipemer.)

FLOWEKINO PLANTS.

The following; varieties arc found in the countv :

Order, Nympiiaeaceae. — White pond lily, {Nymphaea
Odorata^) and yellow pond lily, (Nuphar AJvcna.) Some
of the smaller lakes in the county are almost completely
covered Avith the first named beautiful flower.

Order, Sarracenia. — Indian cup or pitcher plant,
(^Sarraceyna Purpurea.) These are often found filled with
water. They are handsomely veined, and are of different
colors. Crimson is the most common.

Order, Araliaceae. — Sarsaparillas, (^Aralia^) of differ-
ent varieties.

Order, Grossulaceae. — Wild Gooseberries, (Eibes
Oxyacanthoides.} Of this order there are also found wild
black, and red currants.

Order, Acerinae. — Sugar or rock maple, (Acer Sac-
cliarinnvx.) Black maple, (-^1. Nigrum.') White or soft
maple, (A. Dasycarpum.) Moose wood, or striped maple,
{A. Striatum.) Maple syrup, and sugar are obtained from
the one first named.

■K.:

196

HISTORY OF THE

II '

OBDEn, RosACEAE. — Wild rose, and sweet briar, (Rosa
Porviflora^ and Ruhiginosa.) Wild raspberry, blackberry,
and dewberry, {Rubus Slrigosus^ die.) Wild strawberry,
(^Fragaria Virginiana,) so much esteemed for its delicious
flavor. Of this order there are also found a variety of other
fruit-bearing plants, whose flowers embellish the way side
and the forest.

Of the apple family, the medlar or wild pear (Aronia
Botryapium,) the delicate blossoms of which furnish an
additional charm to the landscape, and the fruit of which is
eagerly sought for. Chokcberry, {A. Arhuii folia.') Rowan,
or mountain ash, (Pyrus Microcarpa,) and the wild haw-
thorn, {Crataegus.)

Of the cherry family, the wild cherry, and choke cherry,
(^Cerasus Pcnnsylvanica^ and Serotina.)

Order, Anacarpiacae.— The sumach, {Rhus Typhina,)
and the poison vine, {Rhus Toxicodendron.)

Order, Cupuliferae. — White, and red beech, (Fagus
Sylvatica., and F. Ferruginca.) Red, and grey oak, {Qucr-
cuo,) and the hazel, {Corylus Americana.) Witch, and nut
hazel, are found. Oaks, over thirty feet in height, and ten
inches in diameter, are growing in the township of New
Dublin, where the forest was destroyed by fire in June, 1840.

Order, Betulaceae. — Yellow birch, black birch, white
canoe birch, and poplar leaved birch, {Betula Exceha,
Lenta, Papyracea, and Populi/olia,) and Alders, {Abius
Serrulata, dbc.)

Order, Ulmaceae. — Elm, {Ulmus Americana,) found
on the intervales near LaHave, and Gold Rivers.

Order, Salicaceae. — Willows, {Salix,) and poplars.
Aspen, {Populus Tremuloides.) Tree Poplar, {P. Orandi-
dendata,) and white leaved poplar, {P. Candicans.)

Order, Oleaceae. — White ash, {Fraxinti» Acuminata.)
Black, or swamp ash, {F. Samhuci/olia.)

pine,
lock.

COUNTY OF LUNENDURO.

197

Ordkr, Conifekae. — Evergreens, or soft woods. White
piue, {Pinus Strobus.) Pitch pine, (P. liesinosa.) Hem-
lock, {P. Canadensis.) Black spruce, {P. Nigra.) Rod
spruce, (P. Rubra.) White spruce, {P. Alba.) Black
Larch, or Hackmatack, (/*. Pendula.) Red larch, or juni-
per, {P. Microcarpa.) Cedar, or arbor vitae, {Thuja Occi-
dentalia.) The last named is found in the forest on the
Peninsula between Chester Bay and 8t. Margaret's Bay,
near Aspotogon. Among other species in this order, are
the fir, (P. Bahiminea^) one of the prettiest ornamental
trees among the evergreona. Scrub pine, {P. Banlmiana.)
Ground hemlock, {Taxus Canadensia^) and ground juniper,
{Junipertis Communis.)

Order, Ericaceae. — Red, and grey cranberries, (Oxy-
coccus.) Blue berries, and whortle berries, ( Vaccinium.)
Winter greens, or tea berries, {Gaulthcria.) The fragrant
mayflower, (Epigaea Bepens.) Sheep and swamp laurel,
{Kahnia.) Rhodora, (i?. Canadensis,) and the Labrador
tea, {Ledum.)

Order, Caprifoliaccae. — Cornels, {Cornus.) Dog-
woods, and others of the shrubs, and pigeon berries, of the
herbaceous phiutii. Black, and Red berried elder, {Sambu-
CMS Canadensis,) and Pubescens. Moose bush, ( Viburnum
Lantanoides.) Tree cranberry, ( V, Oxycoccus.) Twin
flower, (Linnea Borealis,) and the bush honeysuckle,
{Diervilla.)

Order, Leguminosae. — Clovers, {Trifolium,) and the
ground nut, {Apios.)

Order, Compositae. — Star flowers, {Aster.) Golden
rods, {Solidago.) Dandelion, white weed, thistle, and
burdock.

Order, Labiatae. — Self heal, or blue curls, {Prunella.)
Spear mint, {Mentha.) Ground ivy, {Olechoma.)

I ¥ Ii

135 ' .1

lin

M I

I'-ii

i ■■■

198

HISTORY OF THE

Order, Orchidaceae. — Ladies' slippers, (Ci/pripcd-
ium.) Grass piuk, (^Cymhidium.^

Order, Liliaceae. — Solomon's seal, and wild lily of
the valley, (^Convallaria.)

Grasses, {Gramineac,) and Sedges. Of these there arc
many varieties, and most of them are very pretty.

FLOWEKLESS PLANTS.

I'.c^uiSETA. — Horsetails, with hollow jointed stems.

Lycopodia. — Club mosses, and ground pines.

FiLiCEs. — Ferns, or brakes. Some of these are very
delicate, and all are very beautiful.

Musci. — Mosses, and Lichenes, Lichens. These are in
great variety, and many of them are much .uJmu'ed.

Fuxfii. — Mushrooms, esteemed a great delicacy, and much
used in the making of catsup. Puff balls, touch wood, &c.

Algae. — Sea weeds. Many of these found on the shores
are very pretty. The larger, and coarser species are used
for manure on farms near the sea coast.

Soda used in making soap, is obtained from the ashes of
some of the sea weeds, and a species of moss is found which
is used instead of isinglass, or corn starch, in making blanc
mangC; and jellies, after being deprived of its saline parti-
cles by washing, and bleaching.

GEOLOOICAL SPECIMENS.

The county of I^iincnbiirg is included in the first of
the four woloi'ical divisions of the Province. It is a
primary district, and is composed princip.illy of granite,
gneiss, and mica slate.

The following is a list of geological specimens, ob-
tained in the county by Henry Poole, Esquire, in 18(51.

Lunanhiirg District. — Hornblende. Slate with
quartz. Manganese. Quartz crystals. Arsenical

<lecf
cubi
( loo
five
Ferr

P-

bog

lite.

k)b-

WA.

•ith

teal

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

IIMI

pyrites. Thin laiuinatcd ^late. Pyritifer()U8 i^latc,
decomposed. Auriferous quartz in same. Slate witli
cul)ical pyrites. Tiasaltic trap six feet ^vide. Jat^per
(loose.) Talcose riate. Quartz with pyrites — \ein
five or six feet '.vide. Slate with struie and pyrites.
Ferruginous quartz. ^Micaceous quartz.

Jh'iihjewaier District. — Quartz with ])yritei<. Py-
ritiferous slate. (Quartz and slate. Quartz and Talcose
slate. Hard slate M'irh steatite. Micaceous quartz,
(iranitc vein. Manganese bog ore. (Quartz ridge,
seventeen i'nQi with pyrites. Bog iron ore. Grey slate
and quartz. Chloride slate, (^uartzite. White quartz
and micaceous. Blue slate, irold bearinir. Smokv
quartz.

Chaster District. — Carboniferous Linie.'^tonc with
terebratula. Umber and calc. ]Micaceous gneiss.
Hornblende. Granite boulder on summit. Felspar
vein. C'lay slate with pyrites, and ditto with copper,
and iron pyrites. Ferruginous quartz, and in veins.
Prismatic mica in breccia. Arenaceous slate. Pris-
matic mica in ditto. Pipe clay or kaolin. Manganese
bog ore. Auriferous quartz, fifteen inch vein, jind
ditto with arsenical pyrites. Chlorite slate. Mica-
ceous quartz.

Haliburton states that "indications of cr>nl have been
discovered about a mile from Chester, and lime, yellow
ociu'C, and pipe clay, are found in several places."
I^imestone (brown,) of superior qiudity, is obtained at
Indian Point, near Eastern Kiver. Charles Tjordly,
Esq., has erected near the Quarries, an establi.^hmcnt
for manufacturing lime, and Mr. Henry P. Mitchell
lias built a large kiln at Chester, for the same purpose..

i'SN f

I',

1* I'

fl i:

S;!! ' I

iwi

I''

I (It I

11'

200

HISTORY OF THE

Dawson, in his " Acadian Geology," writes :

" At Chester B;\siD,*' (or as it should be Chester Bay)
" the Lower Carboniferous rocks appear still more distinctly,
and contain vhick beds of limestone of various qualities.
One of the beds is said to be a good hydraulic cement, and
another, in weathering, leaves an umber of a rich brown
color, which is manufactured and sold under the name of
Chester mineral paint. The limestone at this place contains
several of the shells already mentioned, as characteristic of
the Carboniferous system.

" CTay slate occupies the county of Lunenburg as far as
Cape Aspatogoen, and inland as far as I have any acquaint-
ance with its structure.

" The slates of this county are usually blue or black, and
often charged with ire a pyrites, which, when weathered,
gives them an intense rusty yellow color. This appearance
is especially prevalent in some places in the western part of
the county. Their strike is S. W. and N. E.

" It is on the margin of this slate district of Lunenburg,
and at the bottom of a deep bay penetrating into it, that the
limited tract of Lower Carboniferous rocks, already noticed
as occurring at Chester Basin, (Bay) appears. These Car-
boniferous beds dip at a moderate angle S. S. E., and give
no evidence that this metamorphic district has suffered any
considerable disturbance since their deposition. At Mahone
Bay, however, I observed a large quantity of fragments oi
reddish amygdaloidal trap, which cannot be far from their
original site, and probably belong to some trappcan eruption
of the Carboniferous period.**

" Aspatogeen,** which is a rocky promontory, about 500
feet in height, separating Mahone from Margaret's Bay,
'• consists," according to Mr. Poole, " principally of quartzite
and slate with granite, and is apparently at the extremity
of a thick dike or ridge of the latter rock, extending to the

fan

:;.fi

>tlOQ

the

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 201

northward across the stratification of the country. It is the
highest land on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia."

Dr. How, in his work on Mineralogy, states :

" In the brown paint of Bridgewater, Lunenburg county,
I found eleven per cent, peroxide of Manganese ; in that of
Chester Basin about twenty per cent. Petite Riviere, and
Bridgewater, are named among places furnishing ' umbers,
ochres, or wad.' "

The following places in the county have been stated
as likely to be gold producing : — Long Island, Cross
Island, Cross Roads, Conrad's farm LaHave River,
Rudolfs Mills, Indian Brook, New Germany Lake,
Conquerall Lake, Lapland, Publicover's farm, Thramp
Cap, Coot's Rocks, Petite Riviere, Eisenlmur's hill,
Deep Cove, Aspotogon, Maitin's river, Peter Langille's
farm.

POPTJLATION.

In 1763, Lunenburg had 300 families.

" " New Dublin " 50 "

" " Chester " 30 "

In 1764, the following return was made by requ«dt
of the Massachusett's Historical Society :

Lunenburg 1 600

New Dublin 100

Chester 100

whole po^ndation, 1800

In 1770, (25th July,) a return was made by Mr.
Zouberbuhler to the Lieut. -Governor, (Lord AVilliam
Campbell,) of " the number of families at Lun'^nburg,

9 !l

202

HISTORY OF THE

a
» s

their increase in cliildren," &c., wliicli contained the
following: "300 faniiliee, — 589 men and women,
4()9 boys, 452 fjirls. Total 1510 persons;. Born last
year 43, died 10."

In 1791 the population of the county was 3247
" 1817 '' " " " " " <U28

" 1827 " " " " " " 9405

n 1838 " " ^^ " " " 12058

a 1,S51 " " " " " " 10395

" 1801 " " " " " " 19()32

The population for 1791, was divided as follows:

Township of Lunenburg 388 fiunilies — 2213 persons.
Chester 110 " 591

New Dublin 85 " 443

(<
(<

3247

NATIONALITY.

1800-61.

Natives of the Province 194v>0

** England 44

«* Scotland 29

*< Ireland 72

** Wales 2

** (iiiernsey 1

** Germany 20

«« Italy 1

♦« Turkey 1

** ivussia , 1

♦ « Prussia ,,..., 1

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 203

Natives of Wcist Indies 3

" Canada 3

" New Drunswick 19

" Ncwtbundlaud 1)

" United States of America. . 24

Unknown 2

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.

The census returns of 1800-01 gave tlie following
numbers :

Church of England 7040

I;utherans 420()

Baptists 3240

Presbyterian ohurch of Lower Provinces 2381

AVesleyan ^Methodists 2038

Church of Kome f^m

Universalists 35

Congreffationalists 17

Free Will and Free Christian Baptists. . 15

Quakers 8

Church of Scotland 3

Campbellites 1

Other creeds not classed 4

No creeds given » . . 100

RETURN OF HOUSES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PLACES

OF WORSHIP, &c.

1800-01.

Houses inhabited 2!»21)

** vacant 105

'« building 50

'liai; i

204 HISTORY OF THE

Stores and shops 231

Barns and outhouses 4209

School-houses 83

Tcni[>erancc Halls 1

Value in dollars 1 600

Public Buildings 3

Value in dollars 5400

Schools in operation 30th March, 18G1. . . 57
Places of Worship —

Church of England 13

" '* Home 3

Presbyterian Church of Lower Provinces.. 4

Associated Baptist 10

Methodist

Union 5

Other places of Worship 2

»: y

»>?

RETURN OF ASSESSED VALUE OF PROPERTY
ASSESSMENTS, &c.

1860-61.

Assessed value of Real Estate in dollars. 2,415,032

Personal Property in dollars 090,000

Assessment for 1860, for county purposes,

in dollars 1,600

Highest rate for 1860, for county purposes,

in dollars 632

Number of Rate payers 4,055

<< " Poor Districts 10

*< " Paupers, male 13

" " " female 21

Assessment for Poor for 1860, in dollars 2,097

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 205

RETURN OF MILLS, MANUFACTORIES, &c.

1860-Gl.

Grist mills propelled by water 56

Men eniployed ()9

Value of mills in dollars 22,450

Saw mills propelled by water 1(58

Men employed 347

Value of mills in dollars 8i>,260

Cardinj^ mills propelled by water 2

Hands employed 8

Value of mills in dollars 700

Shingle mills propelled by water 23

Hands employed 39

Value of mills in dollars 3,220

Tanneries 4

Value in dollars 3,300

Factories, kind not designated 2

Value in dollars 1 ,()00

Bark mills 1

Value in dollars 400

EXPORTS IN 1818.

In the year 1818, there were shipped .it Lunenburg
between the 12th of January, and the 25th of March,
on board three brigs, and four schooners, for the British
West Indies, 150,000 feet of pine lumber, 24850 oak
and ash hogshead staves, 8500 hogshead hoops, 1300
gallons offish oil, 453 barrels and 24 half barrels of
pickled fish, 5320 quintals of dried cod and scale fish,
220 bushels of potatoes, 15 bushels of turnips, 53
shooks, 20 spars, and 11000 shingles.

I'?

|.!:

m 1 '

i ^

iij

' >!

201)

niSTOKY OF THE

During the month of October in tlic same year, nine
vessels arrived at Lnnenhurg ; two of them from Hali-
fax, and the rest from other ports. Forty-eight or fift}-
coasters had made in the same time two or three trips
to Halifax, with wood, vegetables, sheep, butter, and
other articles, from different harbors in the countv.

*! ':

ExPOKTS from Lunenburg during 1820 :

Dry fish 19,799 quintals

Mackarel 2,879 barrels

Alewivcs 557 "

Salmon 78 "

Shad 8 "

Smoked herrings 24 boxes

Tongues and Sounds 7 barrels

Oil 68 "

Boards 250,100

Staves 158,375

Shingles 730,500

Pine plank 3,986

Birch plank 14,554

Pine timber 1,348

Birch timber 809

Oak timber 18

Herclock 20

Deals and ends 7,334

Spars 64

Latlnvood 46 cords

Beef ;. 61 barrels

Pork 51 "

Hams 384

Cattle . 7 head

Bread 10 barrels

Potatoes 880 bushels

l^ ♦•' :l

COtNTY OF LUNENBURG. ii07

Choeso 2't

Do 420 pouucls

Butter 19 kegs

Beets 11 barrels

Apples. 4G0 "

Cabbages 1200

Caudles 4 boxes

Furs 18 puuchcons

Imports into Lunenburg during 1820 :

Rum 37,956 gallons

Braudy 119 "

Port Wine 2 qr casks

Lime Juice 4 puns. & 1 cask

Molasses 33,018 gallons

Sugar 1253 cwt. and 2 qrs

Coffee 14 "

Salt 9348 bushels

Cordage 159 coils

Paint 155 kegs

Oil 50 jars

Coal tar 42 barrels

Spikes and nails 61 kegs

Iron 382 bars

Do 334 bundles

Canvas G bales

Pimento 131 pounds

Cottonwool 100 "

Hides 308

Dry fish 4,538 quintals

Sounds and Tongues ... 2 barrels and 6 kcg:^

Putty 1 keg

Crown glass 30 boxes

Spun yarn 5 coils

I <JR I

iiSlr.

208 HISTORY OF THE

Russia (luck 1 truss

Twine 1 truss

Fishing tackle 1 cask and 1 box

Chain cables (& materials) 2

Seal skins 80

Lignumvitae 2 tons

Arrow root 4 boxes

Oranges and lemons 2000

Boxes and barrel covers.... 14

Straw hats and bonnets. ... 190

'.^.■M

!♦■'» ■

The above goods wore brought to Lunenburg from
Bermuda, Demerara, Berbicc, St. Lucia, Grenada,
Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica, Montscrratt, Saint Mar-
tins, Liverpool, G. B., New Brunswick, and New-
foundland, in the following vessels :

Dove,
Rambler,
Rival, 97

Ann, 85 "

Five Brothers 97 "
British Tar, 266

Eliza,
Rival,

28
51

((

Hero, 48

Lady, 55

Dolphin, 57

Wellington, 98 "

John Eiiza, C8 '»

Mary, 51

((

42 tons, owned by William Rudolf & Co.

105 " *' " Michael Rudolf & Co.

" William Rudolf & Co.

" Philip Sponaglc.

Casper Oxner & Co.

Aikenhead & Co,

Whitby, G. B.
Joseph Fait and others.
'• Chas. and Henry Ernst.
" Jacob and Martin Pentz.
'• Geo. and Fran. Boehner.
" Ditto.

" Geo. Metzler and M.

Frederick.
" Saml. Nickerson, Bar-

rington.
" Foster, Port Med way.

u
l(
((
(i

u
il
it
ii

((
u

couxrr of lunenbuuq. 20y

.folin ITenry, 42 tons, owucd by John Zwicker aud W.

Rudolf & Co.
Victory, 09 " " " John Ileekman & Co.

William. 2H " » " John C. Rudolf & Co.
Aurora, 99 " " " William Rudolf & Co.

In 1H27, the tliitlos paid at the office of Excise
aiuomited t<» £3, 701). 12.5 Tiiere were in the town of
Liuicnl)in<^, twenty-two stores, containing general
stocks of British, and West India goods.

In 1832-0 the exports were vahied at £9044, and
the imports at £7400.

FiXrouTS from county for ludf year, ended 31st

Marcli, 18()7 : —

Fire and Lath wood, 3G1 cords, value $1145

Lumber, 1,273,05C feet, " 11835

Shingles, 94,000, » 133

Spars and knees, 41, •' 31

Herring, 1,524 pkg's., " .... 3853

Apples, 130 " " 215

Leather mauufaeturcs, 264 pkgs., " 90

Molasses and Treacle, 4,413 gals., " 1475

Salt, 5,866 bushels, " 529

Tea, 75 pounds, " 30

Tobacco, 90 pounds, " 36

Codfish, 275,726 pounds, " 9222

Shad, halibut &raackl., 1,084 pks." 8884

Scale fish, 91,444 pounds, " 2257

Vegetables, 1,032 bushels, " 52G

Staves, hoops & shooks, 466,828, " 66630

Fish oil, 175 galls., " 90

ITucnumerated, " 272

$107,259

^Ff

» I

*W.-.^^*.^^^.*fc

210

HISTORY OF THE

r >•

Imports into county durinpf Imlf year, ended 31 tit

March, 1«G7 :—

LUNENBURG.

Silk and wool, Cotton >
and linen manufactures i

Cotton warp

Flour

Beef and pork

Butter and lard

Fish

Grain

Vegetables

Coffee

Molasses

Spirits

Sugar

Salt

Fruit

Hardware

Oil

Woodwarc

11 pkgs

1 pkge

76 bbls

9 "

650 lbs

7 bbls

1200 bush

5340 " &lb8.

744 Iba

7585 galls

821 "

5304 lbs

9402 bush

2 pkgs

15 " .. ..

1033 galls

65 pkgs. & pes

$2404.00

194.00
656.00
173.00
110.00
4.00
496.00

1432.00
123.00

2161.00
404.00
336.00

1173.00

22.00

258.00

331.00

579.00

$10,856.00

LAIIAVE.

Flour 265 bbls $2113.00

Beef and pork 15 " 207.00

Butter and lard 324 lbs 50.00

Fish 730 bbls 1290.00

Grain 1600 bush 690.00

Vegetables 2170 " & lbs. 284.00

Coffee 408 lbs 57.00

Molasses 6694 galls 1128.00

Sugar 4412 lbs 155.00

Salt 270 bush 18.00

COUNTY OP LUNENDURO.

211

Fruit

Hardware 114

Oil 1140

Woodwarc 139

Uncnumeratcd 8

Stone, Lime, &c 45

Tea 670

788

Tobacco

Bacon and hams 31

Bread 46

Candles 91

Clocks 1

Earthenware, glass, &c... 2

Ginger and pepper 99 lbs

Naval stores 2

Confectionery 4

Groceries 95

Cordage and canvas 101

Hides, &c

8 pkgs ....

8.00

1 "

957.00

) galls

377.00

pkgs. & pes

228.00

242.00

32.00

lbs

213.00

202.00

4.00

5.00

((

12.00

• ••••••• «

2.00

Ptgs

12.00

lbs

18.00

pkgs . . . .

4.00

13.00

((

312.00

3788.00

) "

42.00

$12,463.00

MAIIOKE BAY.

Flour 46 bbls S209.00

Beef and pork 2 " 30.00

Butter ond lard 1000 lbs 186.00

Fish 650 bbls 1300.00

Grain . . 1750 bush 775.00

Vegetables 5300 « & lbs. .1310.00

iXPORTs and Imports, 1869 : —

$3,809.00

LUNENBURG.

9 months, commencing July, 1869 — Exports.... $65,492.

Imports.... 13,659.

((

.i^ja^juacw?*

212 niSTOUY OF TIIR

BRIDGEWATER, L AH AVE.

For year 1869— Exports $127,450.

" " " Imports 51,860.

MAIIONE BAY.

For year 1869— Exports $14,243.

" " " Imports 7,529.

CHESTER.

For year 1869— Exports $2,040.

" " " Imports 2,776.

Cleared — from Mahonc Bay, 1800 — 22 scliooners
and 3 brigaiitines.

Arrived — 25 schoonci's and 3 brigantincs.

Owned at and sailing from the Bav — 23 schooncrft
and 1 brigantine.

" LaHave. — Trade of port from 1st January to 31st
Dec. 1869 : Outwards. — To United States, 150 schooners,
5 brigantincs ; South America, 3 barques, 2 brigantiues ;
Newfoundland, 2 brigantincs, 5 schooners ; Prince Edward
Island, 1 schooner ; British West Indies, 1 burque, 10
brigantincs, 2 sc. oners. Total, 181. Inwards. — From
United States, 128 schooners, 1 barque, 5 brigantincs;
Newfoundland, 2 brigantincs, 1 schooner ; P. E. Island,
1 schooner; Foreign West Indies, 1 schooner. Total, 139.
Totr.i, inwards and outwards, during the year, 320."

All the figm'cs given above relate exclusively to
l^^oreign trade.

The following statement was made in Mr. Zouber-
bubler's return to the Governor, dated Lunenburg,
25th July, 1770:

" Horses 51 ; oxen 274 ; cows 1000 ; nea' cattle 500 ;
sheep 200 ; swine GOO ; grist mills 5 ; saw mill-j 6 ;

COUNTY OF LUXENBURG. 21H

■shallops 4 ; schooners and ><loops 7 ; wheat 100 Inislicls :
rye 2550 bushels ; peas 475 bnsliels ; barley 400(»
bushels ; oats 3500 bushels."

C'oMr.VKATiVE statement of Live stock for years 180.S,

and 1827 :

1808. 1K.'7.

Horses, 209. Horses, 202.

Horned cattle, 5380. Horned cattle, 8978.

Sheep, 44 IG. Sheep, 11238.

Swine, 5781. Svine, 5331.

RiyruRN of stock and crops for the several townslilp^

in 1829:

Lunenburg. New Dublin. Cheetcr.

Acres of cultivated land... 7081 3010 3346

Horses 105 59 38

Horr 3d cattle 5042 2291 1645

Sheep 6350 2376 2412

Swine 2766 1414 1151

Bushels wiieat 2008 551 558

" other grain. ...21044 6041 6061

" Potatoes.... 193028 84335 56800

Tonshay 6249 2582 1746

Heturn of Agricultural produce, and Live stock, and

Lmnber, 18(U)-01 :

Dyke marsh, 17 acres, value $800.00

CuUivatcd intervale, 2904 acres, value. $106959.00
Salt marsh, 204 " " 6770.00

Cultivated upland, 43844 '' " 1144202.00
Tons of hay cut in 1860—20012
Wheat, 3730 bushels. Peas and beans, 957 bushels
Barley, 71078 " Timothy Seed, 148 "

Rye, 11082 " Potatoes, 153954 ''

u I

214

HISTORY OF THE

'.\l^:.i

i Iv

Oats, 19231 bushels. Turnips, 42203 bushels.

Buckwheat, 2269 " Other roots, 12593 "

Indian corn, 149 " Apples, 15195 "

Plums 70 bushels.

An examination of the returns for all the counties,
slicws that the county of Lunenburg raises the largest
crop of barley, the second of rye, the third of apples,
and the third of roots other than potatoes and turnips.

Neat cattle, exclusive of cows 10491

Milch cows 5485 Horses G21

Sheep 1678C Pigs 3190

Handlooms 999. Fulled cloth made in 1860, 6211 yards.
Not " ditto 87627

Bu**or made . ■ 1860 200813 pounds

Cheese " " " 8418 "

Maple sugar made in 1860 2068 "

Grindstones " " " 2

Bricks " " " 90000

Comparative statement of Agricultural produce and
Live stock for the years 1851 and 18G1 :

1851. 18G1.

Hay 17538 tons 20012 tons

Wheat 4892 bushels 3730 bushels

Barley 50361 " 71078 "

Buckwheat 1013 " 2269 "

Oats 12421 " 19231 "

Rye 8078 " 11082 "

Indian corn 403 " 149 "

Potatoes 72939 " 153954 "

Turnips 26947 " 42203 "

Butter 9662G pounds 200813 pounds

Cheese 1424 " 8418 "

#:- 1

.,A

W •]

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG. 21/)

1851. 1861.

Horses 669 621

Neat cattle 9142 10491

Milch cows 3744 5485

Sheep 11034 16786

Swine 2989 3190

COMrARATiVE statement of vessels aiul boats employed

in 1851-61 :

1851. 18C1.

Vessels 186 158

Boats 458 969

Men employed 1299 2487

Quintals Dry-fish 21057 65791

Barrels of mackarel 9417 5992

" " Shad 43

" '^ Herring 4878 28665

" " Alewives .... 202 1177

" " Salmon 7 46

Smoked " no return 1178

Nets and seines in 1860-61.— 3038.

Fish oil " » " 47067 gallons.

The county had the larn-est number of nets and
seines, the second largest of vessels, and the third
largest of boats. It furnislied the greatest quantity of
oil and dry fish, the third largest of herring, and the
fifth largest of mackarel.

Lumber, Leather, &c., manufactured in 1800: —

Deals • , 539,000 superficial feet.

Pine boards 5265,000

Spruce and hemlock

boards 7475,000

Staves 1182,000

Square timber 99 tons.

? 1

*i :'

.if J

216 HISTORY OF THE

The county manufactures one fifth of all the spruce, and
hemlock boards, sawed in the Province.

Leather, amounting in value to S22424

Carriages 81

Lime burnt 3100 bushels

Malt liquor. . 150 gallons

SHIPPING.

In 1829, Lunenburg liad upwards of one hundred
vessels, engaged in foreign trade, coasting, and the
prosecution of the fisheries.

There were owned in Lunenburg in 1832-3, — 1
ship, C brigs, and 08 schooners ; in all 75 vessels oi
3488 tons.

In 1838, Lunenburg had 17 square rigged vessels.
These included :

Brig Durham, owned by "Wm. and Mich'l Rudolf.
" Frederica, " " John Zwicker & Co.
" Marv, " " Ditto.

" Commerce, " " Chas. and Joseph Rudolf.
Brigt. William, " " J. Zwicker & Co.
" Good Intent " " Sponaglc & Co.
" Emerald, " " John Heckman. With top-
sail schooners Magnet, Brothers, Rambler, and others.

There is no place in the Province more suitable for
shipbuilding, than this county, owing to the nearness
of all kinds of timber, required ; and some of the finest
vessels of the classes to which they respectively belong,
whether for model, sailing qualities, or beauty of finish,
have been here constructed.

The vessels launched in 1800, numbered 22,
amounting to 3138 tons ; and on 30th March, 1801,

top-

22,

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

21'

tlierc were 18 vessels on the stocks, wbicli Averc esti-
mated at 180G tons.

The followini; are amonir tlio best vessels launched
in the county :

lU'ILT AT LUNENRUnO.

]Jy late John Young. — Brigs Busy, Italia ; l)ri^-
antines Odd Fellow, Chilian ; schooners Victor, lii})j»le,
Friend.

By Hihhert Young. — Brigantines AV. X. Z..
Elsie, iMary.

By /Stephen Morash. — Schooners Dialctiis, Ocean
Traveller.

By David Smith. — Schooners Piscator, Stella.

By Stephen Langille. — Ikigantine Fleetly.

By Joseph Young. — Brigantine Alpha.

BUILT AT MAIIONE BAY.

Several fine schooners were built at the Bay, pre-
vious to the last American war.

The followino; arc among those whicli have been
constructed since that date :

Built by McLeod and Copeland, — Contractor
Jacob Zu'icker. — Barque Lunenburg.

Built by ElJcanah Ziviclcer. — Barque Royal Arch :
brigantine A. A. Chapman ; schooners (rolden llule.
Seaman's Bride, Jolly Tar, Alice Kogers, Blue Nose,
bows planked with elm ; Hector, Inciuisitivc.

Built by John II. Zwicker. — Brigantine ( )ar
Maggie ; schooners Clyde, Delight, Nimble, (^uickstej).
Smiling AVater, Mayflower, Busy AVilliam, (iibc. Lion.
Sweepstake,

ill

1 I

(! .

I '

1^8

HISTORY OF THE

i '

^h\ Zwickcr also launched in 1860, the schooner
*• Star," ])uilt for missionary purposes, connected Avitli
tlie church of P^ngland, in the Diocese of Newfound-
I;iiul, un<1<'r the direction of Eight Rev. Dr. Kelly,
Coadjutor liishop. Also schvoner " Carrie Fraser" for
( 'ai)r;nn Mec>ervey.

Jiailt by Titus Langille. — 5arque Busy; brigan-
tincs Mirella, Express, Teaser; schooners Friend,
! lash, Active, Zephyr, Arrow, Brisk, Two Brothers;
yacht Squirrel ; barquentinc Elizabeth.

JJy late John Ililtz. — Brigantinc Queen of the
West.

Built by late John Young. — Brigantinc Active.

Built by Joseph (J. Morgan. — Brigantinc Argo.

About thirty-five years ago, Frederick Ililtz built
the schooner " James William," at Clcarland, three
quarters of a mile from Mahonc Bay. Thirty-six pairs
of oxen were attached to a sled constructed for the pur-
l)ose, and the vessel was thus conveyed to the salt
water.

Many fine vessels have been built by the Messrs.
Hiltz at Murderer's Point.

BUILT AT LAIIAVE.

By JSfathan liandall. — Barques Josephine, Kath-
leen ; brigantines Defiance, John Butler.

By JVm. Bigeloiv. — Brigantines Belle, Bridge-
water.

By Geo. Walker. — Brigantinc Nautilus.

By Elkanah Z wicker. — Brig (irand Master ;
schooner Ivy.

By late Henry Moseley, 31. P. P., and Ebenezev

■ill:

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

210

Moseley. — Barque Stag ; brigs Chanticleer, Beauty,
Kclipse ; Govt, schooner Daring ; Packet schooner
Friend ; schooner Mystery.

By Benjamin Harrington, — Barque Belvedere ;
hrigantines Mic-Mac, Volant ; schooners Viator, Juni-
ata, Lai lave.

By Calvin Langille. — Barque Mary ; brigantines
Aurora,- Kegina, Ann ^McK'^an ; schooners Primrose,
(.{eorge McKean, Vivace.

At Dublin shore, brigantine China, by same builder.

Mathew Wcagle, William Weagle and son, and
Stephen Leary have built on the same river, a large
number of fisliing, and coasting vessels.

Aaron Langille, (brother ta Titus,) built at Petite
Riviere : — schooners Petite Riviere, J. D. Sperry,
Arouse, Hope, Champion and others, and at New Dub-
lin, the British Eagle, Condor, and Eliza Bell.

BUILT AT CIIESTEK.

Barque " John Brown" about 60 years ago, and
two brigs at Western shore, and one at Marriott's Cove
ut subsequent dates.

Built by Charles Walther. — Brig Neris ; brigan-
tine Cliftbn ; schooner Industry.

Built by W. Hume. — Brigantino James A. !Moren.

Built by Mr. Wilkins. — Schooner Good Intent.

Built by Chas. Walther andJosejih C. Morgan. —
Schooners John M. Watson, Prairie Flower.

Built by J^nos Moreland. — Brigantine IMary ]\I.
Schmitz.

Built by Joseph C. Morgan. — Schooners ^Morning
Star, Darling, Weatherguage, Saucy, Chester, Volun-

1 '!, ■
11 I

■1

'it,

i. I

220 IIFSTOIIY OF THE

tccr, Dayspring, l^clla Barry, Emina, Daisy and otlicrs.
Also launrlicd in 1869 : — liriy-antinc Fani«:li-a-Ballauli.
80 foci, keel.

Brigantinc Ocean Bride, built at Chester Ba^in, in
1854, by Mr. Yoiinii^, connidered one of tlie handsomrt>t
vessels in Nova Scotia, was lost on a voya-re to England.

LIST OF VKS.SELS UKOISTKUED IX THE COUNTY.

Tons.

Amicl 41

Alert r)7

Arthur 27

Ai)t :\2

Armada 44

Ann Maria 31

Alexander Eraser 31

Arabella 20

A Ima 05

Ada Ann 22

A La Mode 20

Agile 27

Arouse 48

Aurora, (burnt at New York, 1808) 227

Aniiel Corkum 40

Arrow 27

Argo 1 (55

Albert iVIcKcan 17

Allurer 42

Adonis 48

Annie 08

Active 35

Alpha 220

Bella Barry 41

COUNTV OF LUNENBURO.

Bella Young 34

Brothers a.'i

l^aronet 4(S

British Tar 41

lianter Ul

British Queen 20

Brisk a2

15u8y William 1)5

Belvedere, barque 39.')

Blooming Dale 3J)

Brave 35

Cordelia 27

Challenge 29

<^'aroline 30

Catherine 21

Cordelia 05

Commodore 40

C. ^y. Lyle 31

Celerity ()7

Clear/. 31

Conquerall, brigantine 147

Chilian, " 133

Caleb MeKean 40

China, brigantine 201

Champion 140

Cherub 39

Candid 35

Defiance 35

Daring 40

Delight 48

Dialetris 58

Dayspring 30

221

-111 i<

).. »'

I'
kit

.1:;

lit

h-4

V 1 ^ *

222 HISTORY OF THE

Ea^lc 29

Echo 38

En(r]c 15

Express 71

Ella 31

Ella 39

Extant 30

E. Vienot, transferred to Halifax,

18G8 24

Earcvvcll 12

Farewell 20

Friends 28

Flirt 44

Flash 40

Friend, lost at sea, Deer. 1867 88

Foam 40

Golden Eagle 43

George MeKean, (transferred to Ha-
lifax, 1868.) 100

Glide 50

Golden West 53

Gladiator 105

General Williams 81

Grand Master. 75

Gibe 35

Hope 44

H. M. Moyle 55

Hunnning Biixl 17

Harmony 68

Harvest Home 68

Harvest Home 29

Handy Andy 43

siiai;

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

Hector 59

J. P. Corkum 21)

John Henry 39

.Tames Wellington 92

John MeKean 48

J. 1). Lohnis 20

Julia Franklyn 21

Juniata 27

J. W. Mullock 43

James A. McKean 49

James Henry 22

J. S. Kitey r)5

Joseph C. Morgan 36

J. Fraser 39

J. H. Hiltz 55

Kossuth ••. 51

Lucy Ann 17

Lady Paget 32

Lady Caroline 36

Lunenburg Packet 61

Leading kStar 18

Lcander , 35

Lady iMary 13

Lady Speedwell 53

Lily Dale 57

Lallave , 156

Leander Corkum 40

Lion 39

Mary Jane 19

Margaret 17

Mediator 60

'larenda 55

223

i,,

It!

N' I

.111

n I:

■ t
'I I

224 iiisTOHV ov Tin:

Arulj^^r.avo «;8

Maude .'i7

MicMiiac, hri^antlnc 1 4^«

M.iry J. Willijimw, hripintiiio 2H!)

McHH('n<(cr r>3

Mariner 50

Mayflovver, (tninsferred to Halifax,

*1«(;8.) 55

May Lily lU

May Lily 24

Mary Alice 30

Mary, barque 023

Nimble 5!)

( )iiiar Pacha 17

Ocean AVave 23

Ocean Bird 58

Ocean Traveller 71

Prowess 31J

Planet 20

Prince Consort 38

Petit Paw 22

Pet 15

Pheasant 30

Piscator 02

Primrose 31

Quickstep 40

Jloyal George 32

Kegulator 31

Kambler 20

liosanada 39

Rose 30

Koyal Albert 2d

'!"''

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

lii'^iiiui, hiigantluc 139

IJipple (32

l{ovcr'« ]iii(le 52

Koyal A\'llliain 20

Sopliia 1 ()

Suijorior 18

vSccptre 32

{Sea Serpent 41

8ca Slipper 40

Sen Bird 22

Swiiii 4(3

Sea jL'ily 2(3

Silver Dart 30

Sky Lark 27

Sturgeon 32

Supero, (lost at sea, 18G8) 120

Shade 10

Silver Arrow, (transferred to Halifax,

1868) 38

Stephen McKean 73

Spring Bird 5(5

Smiling Water 54

Samuel E. Teal 48

Sparkling "Water 34

Sweepstakes 59

Stella 50

Samuel Thomas 39

Triumjih 22

Tropic Bird 4(3

T. W. S. Greser 30

Two Brothers 15

Teazer, brigantine 1G5

225

"I' '\

f'-,..

\»' r

Sij

■Hi
1

i! *

220 HISTORY OF THE

Victoria 12

Vivid 31

Villettc 41

Vnn 58

Vegetc 32

Vivace 57

Victor 75

Vic 17

Water Lily 21

IVasp 4()

William Walter 83

Wanderer 30

W. L. Lolniis 35

• W. N. Z., brigantine 1(50

Young Nova Scotia <>G

Zillah 23

Zebra, barqucntinc 141

Vessels of 50 tons and under, 134. . .4250 tons.
*' over 50 tons, ........ 63. - 6544 '*

Total 197 10803

LIGHT HOUSES.

iti i

Ui^

M,.

t;'?

The following Liglit houses are "vvithiu the limits ot
the county :

" Chester Light, on Iron Bound Island — Entrance to
Malionc Bay. 2 uo Jixed white lights, apart from each other
25 feet horizontally, visible from sea from W. S. W. to N.
E., elevated 50 feet above high water. Lat. 44° 2G' 15"
N. Long. G4°4'10" W.

IQ to

ither

115"

COUNTY OF LUXEXBURG.

227

Cross Island Light. — Upon the S. E. point of tlic is-
land. Tvjo Ufjhts placed vertically, 'ii feet apart; the lower
light is fixed; the upper one Jlashiur/ at intervals of a minute,
visible 14 miles. Building red, Lantern painted black.

Lat. 44M9' N. Long. 64° AV.

Battery Point Light. — At the entrance to Lunenburg
harbour. A fixed white liyht, visible 12 miles. White
.square building. This harbour is easy of access, spar buoys
are placed in the bay and entrance to the harbour on the
Sculpin Rock, Haddock Shoal, Battery Point Shoal, and
Head Shoal. In approaching the harbour from seaward the
buoy on Sculpin Rock, painted red and black in horizontal
stripes, may be left on either hand, giving it a berth of two
cables' length. The other buoys are painted llac^' and must
be left on the port hand going in.

Iron-Bound Island Light — Entrance to Lallave River.
A hri'jht flank light, of 20 seconds duration, followed by
eclipses of oO seconds. The lantern is on a square white
tower, on the southern side of the island. 70 ft. above sea
level, visible from all points of approach.

MosEu's Island Light — "West side of the entrance to
Lallave River. A fixed red Uyht, on the S. E. point of the
island. Square white building, 58 ft. above sea level,
standing 100 ft. from the cliff. Lat. 44° 12' N. Long.
C3°18'W."

Chester light house, on Iron-bound island, was
totally destroyed by fire, at two o'eluck, on ^londay
morning, January 3rd., 1870, jind is supposed to have
been struek by liglitning. Provision has been made to
erect another buildinu".

' ■!

^ 1

IIS

Ji'^

228 HISTORY OF THE

MISCELLANEA.
1753.

In April, an Indian, named *' Claude Gisigash, who
styled himself Governor of Lalleve, appeared before
the Governor and Council to make jjeace, and signed a
document to that effect."

June 23rd, — Order passed for review of militia, and
choice of sergeants, corporals, &g.

The first Jail was built by Government, and called
the "king's prison."

A pay list, dated September, in this year, is pre-
served, shewing 4/6 paid to German and Swiss over-
seers, for raising frame of East Blockhouse, with items,
and vouchers therefor. Also another, dated in Nov-
ember, for building chimney in jail.

Arms called in : — 451 firelocks.

1754.

One hundred German families at Lunenburg went
out to settle on their country lots.

Several merchants of New York proposed to settle a
township on Lallave 'iver.

In an estimate ' ' for the service of Nova Scotia for
the year 1754," among other items appear the fol-
lowing :

"Lunenburg £768. 5.0."

"Church at Lunenburg 476.16.6^."

The following iteu* is included in '' sums disal-
lowed :"

"Stone Jail at Lunenburg £282.10.0."

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

2-2d

:cnt

c a

for
foi-

al-

1755.
A petition was sent from Lunenburpj to Governor
Lawrence, for a further supply of provisions, and pray-
ing him not to punish " the good and industrious, with
the seditious and idle."

175r,.

Government authorised the building of a blockliouse
at Lallave river, and another halfway between that and
Mushamush, (now Mahone Bay.) A private one had
been erected at the latter place, by Ephraim Cooke.
Rations were wanted for such of the Germans as would
occupy these buildings.

The number of persons assembled at Lunenburg,
Germans, Swiss, and others, on the first of November,
as certified by returns : — 1271).

1757.

January 3rd. — It was decided to elect for the town-
ship of Lunenburg, two members for the General As-
sembly, until the Province should be divided into
counties.

Mr. Pernette contracted to cut out a road from
Mahone Bay to Halifax, fifty miles long, and ten feet
wide, for £300.

The Lunenburg settlers were compelled to do
" much militia duty, which, added to a dry and hot
season, causing scanty crops, left them still dependent
on Government for provisions." Governor Lawrence
commended their industry in high terms.

1758.
People of Lunenburg were nuich alarmed by the
movements of Indians, and requested " aid from Gov-

; I-

:t >

III

;'!

'" %

230

HISTORY OF THE

1 (

■.■;,l

'} ■

ilf'f

eminent to put up a blocklioiisc Ijctwccn every ten
families, by furnisliinL!,' tlicni witli Ijoards and nails,"
Avhicli request was granted on the 22nd of April.

]Mny 15tli. ' Captain Fitch, 3rd Battalion Royals,
was sent with tietachment to Lunenburg, to relieve
Captain Sutherland and the troops there. The settlers
had suffered much from the Indians by the interruption
of their industry, and some were killed, and taken pri-
soners. Government ordered on 2()th IMay, 50,000
pounds of pork, 14,000 pounds of beef, 138,000 pounds
of flour, to be purchased for their use ; and also to give
them rations of flour, until July, 1759."

Deceml)er 2(3. — Indians still infested and harassed
the promising settlement of Lunenburg; "had just
destroyed a whole family rcmarkaljle for their industry ;
and that in so bloody and bar})arous a manner, as to
terrily and drive three parts of the people from their
country lots into the town for protection."

Philip Knaut, and Alexander Kedy Avcrc returned as
members of the first Nova Scotia Parliament, and met
at the Court House in Halifax, on jMonday, the 2nd
October.

]\ray 7th. — Act passed to define, extend, and esta-
blish township lines of Chester, Lunenburg, and New
Dublin, and on 12th Jany, 1759, grand jury appointed
persons for each township, to perform the duty.

f ,1
W

1759.

A])ril (). — "Archibald Ilinshclwood took his seat in
the General Assembly, having been elected at Lunen-
burg for the Province at large ; and was unseated on
the 9th of the same month, on Petition of Ivichard

II!

COUNTY OF LUNENCUIiO.

231

Bowers." Sebastian Zouberbuhler, and Pliilip Knaut,
were also returned to Parliament.

Se}»teml)cr 9th. — Fifty-nine Germans and Swiss ar-
rived at Liinenburji; from Louisbur<^, after nineteen
days pass-age. Four were discharged, an<l the rest re-
ceived pro^■isions for fourteen days ; 8 pounds of pork,
and 10 [)oiinds of bread, each man.

October. — " President and Council aboli.died elec-
tion of members for Province at large, and issued writs,
by which Lunenl)urg was to send four roi)resentatives ;
two from township of Lunenburg, and one each from
New Dublin, and Chester."

1700.

March. — The following bounties were given in the
township of Lunenburg :

Good hay raised oa cleared upland, — for 1 year, — 2/ per cwt.

Hay cut and made within 4 years, 1/ " "

Oats, each buslicl raised in two years 2d.

17G1.

Archibald Ilinshclwood, and Joseph Pernette, were
elected members of vVssemblv for the countv ; and
Sebastian Zoubcrbulder, and Pliili[) Kuaut, for the
town of Lunenburg ^Ir. Ilinshclwood was one of the
clerks of the House. £30 was granted to aid in con-
veyance of settlers to Chester.

1762.

The sum of £224.9.9, being required to repair and
finish the church at Lunenburof, the House refused to
grant it, and mentioned to the Governor, as a reason,
the great load of debt due by the public."

tti

III

232

HISTORY OF THE

m : .

■h '^

1 ) ^i

^f'I

Government supported at Lunenburg ' ' a school-
master, and two mid wives."

August 22nd. — "Francois Mius, Chief of Indians
at Lallave, and four others, waited on the Lieutena.t-
Governor and Council, and asked that they might have
a Priest ; as they had been without one since M.
Maillard's death. They were assured, that their request
would be complied with as soon as possible, and having
received the usual presents, they took their leave."

In consequence of information that the French hfid
landed a body of troops at the " Bay of Bulls," in
Newfoundland, a council of war was held at the Gov-
ernor's house in Halifax, on Saturday, July 10, 1702.
The council fearing ' ' that the enemy might make some
attempts on this town and harbor," agreed to several
resolutions, one of which was :

" That the militia of Halifax be forthwith arrayed :
and that Major Sutherland be required to make a de-
tachment of two hundred men from the militia of
Lunenburg, and to march them to Halifax, as soon as
l)0ssible, or l)ring them by water as shall seem to him
most convenient."

1763.

Nov. 7th. Hon. Mr. Zouberbuhler was sworn in
as a Councillor.

1765.

January 30th. Government determined to elect two
members for county of Lunenburg, and one for the
town. May 28th. — IMembers returned for county :
Joseph Perncttc, and Philip Knaut, Esquires. For
town : Archibald Hinshelwood, Esquire.

1767.
July 1st. An order was passed in Council that a
road should be made from Lunenburg.

COUNTY OF LUNENBURO.

i33

1770.
Archibald Hinshchvood, Esq., elected for the coun-
ty, and Philip Kn.'uit, Esq. for the town. 5th, General

Assembly.

1772.
June ()th. A OTcat fire occurred in the nci<Thl)()rhood

of Chester, and Lunenburg, which consumed sixty
liouses and buildings, and a large quantity of valuable
timber. " Key. ]\Ir. Wood was ordered by the Gover-
nor to preach at Halifax, in behalf of the sufferers."

1774.

Members for the county, John Creifjhton, and Otto

Wm. Schwartz, Esqs. For the town, Philip Knaut, Esq.

1775.

May ()th. " John Crcighton, Esquire, was sworn

in as member of Council, under the King's mandamus,
and subsequently John Newton, Esquire, took the seat
which had become vacant in the Assembly."

Light Infantry companies of 200 men, were directed
to be formed at Lunenburg. lion. Mr. Goold was
Colonel of the militia.

Vugust 2()th. — " Two hundred Light Infimtry or-
dered to be in readiness at Lunenburg to march to
Halifax."

September 5th. — " Four companies forming at
Lunenburg, ordered to march immediately to town,"
(probably to Halifax.) Another record states :
"Four hundred militia from Lunenburg ordered to
march for protection of Halifax."

October 25th. — Council and House of Assembly
petitioned that people of Lunenburg migiit be allowed
to dig coals in Cape Breton.

The first Court House was built in this year.

\ \

.1 .

' t

'''

'2?A

JRY or THE

if;;

m
■ 11'.

1776.

Otto W. S^.tvartz was returned to represent the
county, !in(l l^Iiili[) Knaut the town of Lmienhurg.

" Seventy men volunteered under Ct^l. Creighton,
on rumoured invasion of the Province."

1777.

IMembcrs of Asseml)ly for tlic county : Otto AV,
Schwartz, and Jolin Newton, Esquires. For the town.
Piiilip Ivnaut, Esq.

1778.

Iron-Rcund island was granted to Leonard Chris-
topher Iviidolf.

1779.

June 11th. — The House of Assem])ly complained
to the Governor, that money had been ]>aid a\ Itliout act
or vote of Parliament, and that it included hire of crew
for sehoouer '* Loyal Nova Scotia," to convoy Lunen-
burg vessels.

June 21st. — " Col. Crcighton's request for block-
house and guard, at Lunenburg, was sent by the Gov-
ernor to the House of Assembly."

June 27th. — £50 was voted by House, " out of
moncv to be borrowed for the defence of the sea coast,"
towards buildini'' the blockhouse.

1780.

People at Lallave " captured a brig without t^e aid
of anununition."

June 17th. — It was ordered "that Lunenburg, and
nine other Districts, shoidd furnish one sixth part of
their militia, for three week's service on the public
works at Halifax."

COUNTY OF LUNENHUHG.

235

1781.

April. — "Armed schooner " Duckram" arrived at

Halifax from Lunenburg, Avith a small rebel schooner

captured on the way."

1783.

Several families removed from Lunenburg to St.

JMargaret's Bay.

1784.

"\Ym. Dalton was appointed SherifF of Lunenburg.

1785.

D. Christopher Jessen was appointed Collector of
Impost and Excise for the county.

1787.

AuL'Ust. — A handsome I3rif>' built at Luncnburir,
arrived at Halifax.

1788.

The following gentlemen held office in and for the
county :

Members of the liCglslature — lion. John Creighton,
His ^Majesty's Council. Detleb C. Jessen, and John
Wm. Schwartz, Esquires, ]Mem.')crs of the House of
Assembly for the county ; and Casj)cr AVoolenhaupt,
Esquire, for the township of liUnenljurg.

Justices of the Inferior Court of Common Picas —
Hon. John Creighton, »Toscph Perncttc, Dctlei) C.
Jessen, Jonathan Prcscott, and John Christopher
Rudolf, Esquires.

Justices of the Peace — Joseph Perncttc, I). C. Jes-
sen, Jonathan Prcscott, Joshua Marshall, J. C. liudolf,
Edward James, Casper Woolenhaupt, James Green,
Franklin G. Etter, John Martin — Cooper, J. AV.

■J ■

•*

236

HISTORY OF THE

pi'

j,^..

Scliwartz, J. Donlg, and G. DcBlois, Junr., Esquires.
Sheriff — Edward James, Esq.
Judge of Probate — John Creighton, Esq.

1792.

October 29tli. — Rev. John Secconilje, M. A., died
at Chester, aged 84 years, and 5 montlis. Kcv. John
Comingo Brown, (whose ordination sermon was, as has
been previously noticed, preached by j\Ir. Seocombe,)
preached the funeral sermon, and took for his text
Hebrews vi. 11, 12.

17J>3.

Members of Assembly — For the county, Jo) in AVm.
Schwartz, and Edward James. For the town, John
Bolnian.

The people of Lunenburg, hearing of appr-hended
attack on the Province by the French fleet, applied for
cannon, small arms, and ammunition.

1794.

May. — A Nisi Prius Court was established in
Lunenburg, by temporary act of the Legislature.

1798.
November 27. — " Salutes were fired, and tlic town
of Lunenburg was illuminated, in honor of Nelson's
great victory at the Nile, on the 1st August."

1799.
June. — It was resolved to " send a sergeant, cor-
poral, and twelve men to Chester, to join the militia
there, as several vessels belonging to that place had
been taken by American rebels, and they were cxy sed
to injury."

ill;

kS'

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

23^7

1800.

Members of Assembly — For the county, Lewis jM.
Wilkins, ({iftcrwards Jud^e, and father of the present
Judge,) and Casper Woolcnhaupt. For the town,
John B(»linan.

1805.

*' Deserters from H. M. Service, and French pri-
soners, wore understood to be hovering and concealed
about Aspotogon and Lunenburg. A party of Chester
militia tendered their services to take those who were
possessed of arms. Sir John Went worth requested
Lieut. -General Bowyer, to issue seven stand of arms
to Lieut. Covey of the Chester Artillery Company. He
stated that more than 200 men in the district of Chester
were unarmed, the Regiment having increased more
than that number since arms had been issued to Col.
Creighton."

The following is an extract from a report of the
situation. "One company of 40 men, under Capt.
Thomson, reside near Chester, and, from their position,
may discover the ap'^roach of an enemy before it can be
known here. This company will in a few hours be able
to join York Redoubt."

1806.

December 10. — "The House of Assembly, in an
address to the Lieut. -Governor, asked him to give a
representation to Chester, pursuant to Provincial Sta-
tute V. Geo. III."

Members for county — Lewis ]\I. Wilkins, and
Edward James. For the town : John Bolman.

238

HISTORY OF THE

l!f|ii

hi;

1810.

Fcbnmry. — Twenty-two Justices of tlic Peace, in-
cluding,^ I{e\ . Thomas Shrcve, were nppointctl for the
county of Lunenljurg. D. C. Jessen, Custos.

1812.
jNIenihers for county — Lewis M. "NVilkins, and
Francis J. Rudolf. For the town : John Creiuhton.

1813.
January 25th. — "At the market wharf, Halifax,
five soldiers attacked and badly wo'uulcd with their
bayonets, Frederick and Henry Publicover, Cornelius
Uhlniann, and George Teal, belonging to Lunenburg
vessels. One of the Publicovers died. Three of the
soldiers were arrested and committed for trial. One of
them named Hart, was convicted of the murder of
Publicover, but received a pardon, and was said to have
been afterwards killed at Castine."

1815.

The sum of £208.10.8 w^as subscribed at Lunen-
burg, for the fimds in aid of the families of those who
were slain at Waterloo.

181G.

" Admiral Sir John Griffith arrived at Chester, on
his way to visit the new military settlement of Shcr-
brooke."

May 24th. — Snow fell at Chester, and remained
until noon next day.

1817.

April 15th. — People walked on the ice from Chester
to Misinger's island, a mile from the town.

COUNTY OF LUNENRUUC;.

239

anil

May 2:?n(l. — " The sliock of an caitliquako ■svas fult
at Lunen]»urg. At tlie same time lioii.xes were sliakcn,
and furniture moved at Dighy, and other i)hiccs."

1819.

IMemhiM's of Assembly — For the rounty : Francis
J. Rudolf, and John Ileckman, (now Uegistrar of
Deeds,) antl for the town, Edward James.

1820.

INIarch ()th. — l{oad from Halifax to Chester recom-
mended l)v the Lieut. -Governor.

Members of Assembly — For the county: John
Ileckman, and Lot Church. For the town : Edward
James.

1827.

Members of Assembly — For the county : Lot
Church, and "William Kudolf. For .the town : John
Ileckman.

1828.

The county militia numbered 72 officer^;, and 1478
men.

mined

lestcr

ANCIENT DOCUMENTS.

" Memokaxda of blockhouses, &c., 1753 :

Garrison blockhouse, on Gallow's hill.
A blockhouse by the burial ground.

Ditto on back of shore below Labroane's
garden.

Ditto back harbor, opposite ^Masons.

A picket fence from Fort to Fort, from front to back
harbor.

240

A blockhouse

IIISTOIIY OF THE

on Windmill lull.

PrM

Ditto

on Battery Point, called

"Fort

fifi

Boscawcn."

J^^^H<

Ditto
Ditto

at Musli-a-]Mu6h.
jMorriott Brook.

tjffl

Ditto

North West Kangc.

;;;;]:

Ditto
Ditto

Lower Lallave.
Upper Lai lave.

Ditto

Jacob Ilirtle's mills."

.fr ''l

hvn

Fort Boscawen, Battery Point, cost £219.11.3.

" AiiTiCLES about the commons, made for the year
1754:

Tlie great or horn cattle shall go by turns, one time
to the west, and the other time at the east side.

The small cattle shall go from the town pickets to
the first garden lots, northward of the town, but not
hiixhcr than the back of the town.

It is proposed, and found very necessary, to have
forthwith hired a herdsman, one f ' the horn cattle, and
another for the small cattle, and the inhabitants are to
agree with the said herdsmen for the payment, and to
bind them to do their duty.

It is proposed about the dogs, that a law should be
made that such as have dogs going over the comuion,
shall keep them in a line, and everybody is to take care
that no mischief may happen by the dogs.

It is proposed that next year, some proper expert
person be chosen to visit the commons, and sec what
number of cattle they arc able to sustain."

«(

COUNTY OF LUNEyBITRG.

Secretary's Office, IStli March, 1754.
* * * " Captain Floycr desires mc to acquaiut you
that lie has given a pass to three Frencliraen to go to Lunea-
burg, uuilcr a pretcuce of hunting, but he has reason to sus-
pect they are employed by Le Loutre, to entice away the
Germans, and therefore thought this intimation might be

useful to you."

(Signed) Wm. Cotterell.
Col. Sctherland.

Id be

iuion,

care

[xpcrt
what

GENERAL ORDER.

"By Col. Patrick Sutherland, Esq., Commanding Officer
of His Majesty's Troops in the Township r.ud Gar-
rison of Lunenourg :

" Whereas i number of troops under my command are
not sufficient to defend the frontiers of this settlement, I
have thought proper that two oiliccrs of the militia, with
twenty men, should be ready on the Parade, Monday morn-
ing at eight o'clock, in order to march to the Mush-a-Mush
blockhouse, to remain there one week, and then be relieved
by another detachment, and thus to continue till his Excel-
lency's farther orders.

" And in consideration of most of the inhabitants' circum-
stances, I have, without the Governor's instructions, ordered
every man for this time a full allowance of provisions for
one week, over and above what is allowed for himself and
family, and everyone is hereby warned to provide haver-
sacks to carry their provisions with them. And in case any
one named is absent, or refuses to appear, the same shall bo
prosecuted with the utmost rigor of the law. This detach-
ment shall be chosen out of those who dwell in the town,
and those whose habitations arc nearest the blockliouso, and
I shall augment, or lessen the number, both with regard to
the apparent danger, and the necessity of the season for
cultivating the land, and order it from time to time ; and ia
16

242

HISTOKY OF THE

it J i

H',h

,h^i

I; ^ I

1: "

order for signals to the disappointment of our enemies ; and
after this manner, I hope when the guard is appointed, the
people will be more easy in their minds, and Avhen the
orders are made known to them every one will know his
turn for guard, and manage his affairs so that it may be
little or no detriment to him. I recommend to those who
go upon guard, particularly that dwell in the country, that
their families retire in the night time to such houses where
most people are assembled.

" And whereas the intent of the last signals was not
rightly understood, I find it necessary to acquaint the inha-
bitants, that on firing two guns in Mush mush, or in the
town, in one minute, that the town inhabitants directly
appear with their officers on the parade, to attend and wait
my orders ; and those men at the Mush mush blockhouse, to
receive orders from the commanding oflScer there ; but those
who are distant both from town and blockhouse, shall,
among their own habitations, meet together, and remain on
their defence till the cause of the alarm be made known to
them, and to hinder false alarms, no one shall dare to fire a
piece in this settlement, unless upon the enemy.
^^ Lunenburg, May 15</i, 1756." ,

" Orders and directions for the officer commanding the
party at Mush mush blockhouse, 1757 :

" You are to send out detachments of your party, who
are to range every day near the inhabitants' houses on Oak-
land, and Mahone Bay, which the guards will shew you, to
protect them while thev are out at their woi'k, and at night
they are to be quartered in their houses, as may be found
most convenient for their own accommodation, and the
safety of the settlers. You may, if you should see occasion,
send out a party to reconnoitre, and range a little without
side the settlement, taking all necessary precautions to
prevent a surprise, and always leaving a sufficient number

((

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

243

of men for the defence of the blockhouse. Great care must
be taken of the ammunition and utensils in the blockhouse,
and that none of your party fire away their ammunition,
unless on real service, under pain of being punished, and
paying for the same. You are to mention in your report,
the quantity that shall be used on service, and the time of its
being expended.

"Upon any alarm, or appearance of an enemy, you are
to send notice thereof to your commanding officer ; and in
the mean time you are to act with the utmost vigor in at*
tacking the enemy, defending your own position, or sending
reinforcements to any other party that may be attacked.

" You are to use your best endeavors to prevent any
difficulties arising between your men, and the inhabitants,
that they may be always ready to join for the common de-
fence of the settlement.

" The alarms from the different posts are :

" From the town — two guns at the fort, to be answered
by two from Boscawen's battery.

" From LaHave blockhouse — two swivels.

" From North West Range — two swivels."

the

COPY, VERBATIM ET LITERATIM, OF AN OLD

JOURNAL.

" A Journal book kept gan hounting after the Indians,
September 8th, 1768, under the command of Capt.
Christopher Jessen, and Lieut. Campbell of the regular
Troops :

" 1758. Sept. 8th. — This morning a party of twenty-
three men, regular trocps, and one Lieut. Campbell, and
one Capt. Lieut., four Lieuts., six sergeants, eight corporals,
and sixty-one private men of the militia, being in the whole
one hundred and four, under the command of the officers,
Lieut. Campbell of the regulars, and Capt. D. Christopher

244

HISTORY OF THE

n r.

ill

im--

Jesisen of the militia, went away ia the morning at six
o'clock to LeHave blockhouse, close to the road, and came
there about at ten o'clock and a half. Cut about four miles
from the blockhouse. Close to the road, we found two
soldiers scalped, and bare naked, except one coat laying upon
them, — they were going to town for provisions, and about
seven of the clock in the morning, they, hearing two guns
firing off, and this finder poor fellows where scalped. From
the blockhouse Ave stood W. by N. About ten miles from
the blockhouse we encamped. Nothing extraordinary.
About five o'clock we found the place where the Indians had
rested themselves about two hour.

" 9th. — We steered away from hence N. E. about five
miles, tlien made a halt to breakfast, but in the morning
made some tracks of the Indians, and the diffsrent divisions
were ordered to be ready to. At 10 o'clock we steered E.
N. E., and about 11 o'clock we found a place where the
Indians had encamped, but could discover nothing. A little
after 5 o'clock we came to encampment. Nothing extra-
ordinary, except we found the place on the Lallave river
where the Indians got over, and the road was to be seen at
the other side.

" 10th. — At ."^Ix o'clock we went away from our enc .mp-
ment, steered E. >^. E., and about 8 o'clock we came c jwn
to Mush mu.3H river, eight miles from the block house, and
from thence we went down by the river, and arrived at 11
o'clock at the blockhouse at Mush mush, and about two
o'clock we went to Baker's in Oakland, and was rainy wea-
ther, but met nothing extraordinary.

" 11th.— From the 10th in the afternoon, to the 11th
day, rainy weather. Encamped by Baker's till about 12
o'clock, when, clearing up, went to Mush mush, and from
thence to N. W. Range blockhouse, where we got intelli-
gence from Pierre Jean, who sent his son last Friday to No.
24 L. B., between 8 and 10 o'clock, and in coming back lie

I, I

A I*

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

245

laud

Itwo

wea-

lth

I'ora

illi-

■\vas carried off by the Indians, being ten years old. From
the blockhouse we stood South "West for about three miles,
then stood S. S. E., where we encamped. Nothing extra-
ordinary.

" 12th. — About eight o'clock went from our encampment,
and steered E. S. E., about six miles, and from thence stood
W. S. W. about five miles, where we encamped between
Lellavc and Centre, about five miles from the blockhouse.
* * * for guard before we came to Centre, at the back
of N. W. Range, we found a ladder of four steps high.
Nothing extraordinary.

" 13th. — From our encampment between or at the back
of Centre, and LeHave, and stood through the woods to the
Lellave settlement. Came there about four o'clock. No-
thing extraordinary.

" 14th. — From Lellave we marched to the head of Rose
bay, to old Meyer, and from hence to old Miller, ♦ * *
and encamped behind F. Heyberger's lot, but nothing extra-
ordinary.

" 15th. — We went away from our encampment about six
o'clock in the morning, and about twelve o'clock arrived at
town, in Lunenburg, and dismissed our men, and gave them
thanks for their good services."

Among those who went on the above expedition
kvere : Lieut. J. Donig, Capt. H. Meixner, Daniel
Hiltz, Mathias Fener, Mathias Langille, George ]iou-
tilier, Frederick Emonaud, Michael Morash, Ileinrich
Ernst, Frederick Arcnberg, Frederick Khuland, George
Tanner, Ilenrich Oxner, Leonard Hartlin, Jacob ^Sloser,
Andreas Young, and Henry Fcder.

..ft

111:

240 HISTORY OF THE

" A RETUUN of the settlers at Lunenburg, with the altera-
tions from the 28th May, 1753, being the time of im-
barkations to the 22nd January, 1758 :

Original number 1453

Dead 152

Discharged 854

Deserted 19

Born 440

Entered and re-entered 506

Total number 2399

Kemaining at Lunenburg 1374

(Signed) D. CHRiSToruEU Jessen."

November JO<A, 1760.

" A RETURN of the number of inhabitants, and stock of
cattle, within the settlement of Lunenburg, iu the Pro-
vince of Nova Scotia, with an account of its progress
from the year 1753 to the present time :

Number of men 350

" " women and children 1114

Total 1464

Number of cattle — milch cows 600

1753. — Inhabitants employed in building on and enclo-
sing their town lots, it being deemed expedient to settle them
in a compact manner, to prevent any attempt that might be
made o.i them by the Indians.

1754.^ — Employed in cultivating and enclosing their gar-
den lots.

1755. — Employed on their farms, in erecting houses, and
clearing land.

1756. — Little progress could be made as some of the
iuhabitauts were killed, and others carried off by the Indians.

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

247

)

G
9
'4

'60.

)ck of
e Pro-
rogress

350
114

GOO

cnclo-

Itle them

light be

leir g^r-
ises, aud

ic of the
ludians.

1757. — More of the inhabitants were killed and taken
prisoners, by which many were too much exposed, and
others apprehensive of danger. The people much discou-
raged, aud in great distress.

1758. — The settlement much disturbed, many being
killed. Yet notwithstanding the people exerted themselves,
and were extremely vigilant of the approach of the enemy,
and by assembling many families together in stockaded
houses, the timorous were encouraged to abide on their
lands, and much grain was raised.

1759. — No disturbance from the Indians, — a prodigious
quantity of grain was raised, almost equal to their bread,
and a sufficiency of roots to supply the Fleet, the Army, and
the inhabitants of Halifax.

1760. — A peace being established with the Indians, a
vast progress is made in agriculture, and a great increase of
cattle, by means of which they are in a capacity of subsisting
themselves, excepting such as are afflicted with sickness and
infirmity of age."

FIRST LUNENBURG ELECTION.

*'The names of the Candidates, tofrcthcr with the
names of the voters for said Candidate^?, this 31st
day of July, 1758:

Candidates. — Philip Knaut, Alexander Kedy.
Voters. — Gotlieb Seidler, Ludwi^- Spindler,

Fred. Arenberg,
John Lonis,
Henry Claessen,
John Simon,
Godfrey Terple,
Jacob Moser,
Jacob Smith,

Pierre Saiiner,
Andreas Young,
Aimier Thiel,
Jacob Sporry,
Adam Picler,
Jacob Tanner,
Peter A>'anibolt,

248

HISTORY OF THE

''i^

III:

Joseph Lay,
Ben West,
Jean Mange,
Ad. Weidcrhokl.

Fred. Wcilc, Martin Kolbacli,

Conrad liamuhen , John Behficr,

Anton Treber, Paul Ansliutz,

Martin Usler, Jacob Phaffhauscr,

C. SchaufFelbcrgcr, Caspar Lary,

John Young, Conrad Hatt.

Candidates. — Sebastian Zoubcrbuhler, and Philip
Knaut.

Voters. — Louis Bcloud,

Guilliam Bosty,

Christopher Bosty,

Michael Lay,

Candidates. — Sebastian Zoubcrbuhler, and John
Creighton.

Voters. — Bruin Bontier.

Candidates. — Sebastian Zouborl)uhler, and Joshua
Mauger.

Voters. — J. Donig, Thomas Littlejohn,

Edward Smith, D. C. Jessen.

Candidates. — Philip Knaut, and P. Anshutz.
Voters. — Gelle Gertzens, Anton Coch.

Candidates. — Sebastian Zoubcrbuhler, and Alex»
Kedy.

Vote7's. — Joseph Ilowe,

J. Creighton,

J. Turner,

J. Crook,

B. Nessom,

Wm. White
Candidates. — Jos. Mi.ugher, and Alex. Kedy.
Voters^ — Sebastian Zoubcrbuhler.

John Gammon,
William Grant,
John Padncll,
J. B. Morreau,
John Cunningham,
J. Phillips.

III

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

2lf>

Candidates. — Sebastian Zouberl)ulilcr, and Leon
Rudolf.

Voters. — Alexander Kedy.

Candidates. — Jos. jMaugher, and Alex. Kedy.

Voters. — George Faney."

''^Lunenburg, IJl.sY Jnlt/, 1758.

An account of Candidates which have put up to
represent the town of Lunenburg :

No. of Votes.

Sebastian Zouberbuhler, Esq 2G

John Creighton, Et^q 1

]\raj. Leo. Christr. Rudolf 1

:srr. Philip Knaut 38

Mr. Alexander Kedy 42

]\rr. Joshua Mauaher G

Mr. Paul Anshutz

Total 116.^'

Mr. Kedy and Mr. Knaut were elected.

lex.

" A HETUKN of the births, and cradles in the different
Barracks at Lunenburg, May 23rd, 1759 :

In the Fort barracks, 13 births, 12 cradles.

In the blockhouse, 8 " 3

In Fort Sutherland blockhouse, 10 " 1

In the Royal barracks, 33 *'

lu the Parade barracks, 20 " 5

In the hospital, 14 " 5

Total.

26."

' i w iw ' i iii . Mimmm

250

HISTORY or THE

4k^

mOTlCE FOR SECOND ELECTION.

'■'■ Province of Nova Scotia, S. S.

By virtuo of His Majesty's Writ to me directed; I
licrcby notify tlie freeholders of the towu and county of
Lunenbiir^f, qualified in the manner as by the resolution of
llie Governor and Council the 22nd day of August, 1759 is
prescribed, to meet at the church in Lunenburg, on Friday,
the 31st inst., (August) at 6 o'clock in the forenoon, then
and there to elect two members for the town of Lunenburg,
and two mCiiibciS for the county of Lunenbnrg, in a General
Assembly to be holden at the Court House in Halifax, on
Tuesday, the 20th day of November next.

(Signed) D. Christopiiek Jessen, D. M.

The Poll to be opened at six o'clock in the morning, and
be closed at six in the evening.
Limcnhurg, August 27//t, 1759."

The following ia a copy of an address from the
inhabitants of Chester to the Lieutenant-Governor,
in 17G3 :—

" To the Honorable Montague Wilmot, Esquire, Lieutenant-
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of His Majesty's
Province of Nova Scotia, or Acadia, and Colonel of
His Majesty's Eightieth Regiment of Foot, &c., &c.
The humble address of the Minister, and principal inha-
bitants of the township of Chester.
3Iay it please your Honor :

We, the minister and princip'^l inhabitants of the town-
ship of Cliestcr, beg leave to congratulate your Honor on
your safe arrival at this your seat of Government ; and at
the same time to express the great pleasure and satisfaction
we have in His Majesty's most gracious care of this His
Province, in appointing at so critical a juncture, your Honor
to the command of the same.

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

251

iuUa-

I town-
ior on
md at
faction
IS His
iHonor

"When we reflect ou your distiuguished virtues, wo flatter
ourselves with the plcasiug ht> )o that every measure will
now be pursued that can make us a flourishiug aud happy
people ; and we beg leave to assure your Houor that it shall
be our coustaut study aud endeavor to conduct ourselves iu
such a manner as to merit your favor and protection, aud to
do everything iu our power to make your Administration
agreeable aud happy.

By order and in behalf of the town of Chester.

(Signed,)

Timothy Houghton,

Jonathan Prescott.

Chester, November 20th, 1763."

To the jibovc address, His Excellency was pleased
to make the following reply : —

" Gentlemen, — I return you my thanks for this obliging
address. Your approbation of me, aud the affectionate
manner in which you express it, is the most flattering ac-
knowledgement I can hope to receive for my constant endea-
vors to promote your welfare."

" Chester, April 1st, 17G1.
We the subscribers, do by thesQ presents agree to have a
public road laid out, and established from the head or bottom
of the cove commonly called and known by the name of
Scotch Cove, westward to the town of Chester, running as
straight as may conveniently be done, in and by the judg-
ment of us the Committee.

/o- IN JosiAH Marshall,
(Signed) Thomas Floyd.

Robert James,
William Harvey,
(Signed) Asa Dimock,
John Umloch,
John Huicheson."

252

JllhlUliY" Ui;' illt:

\\plt

(Circular) " Secretary's Office,

Halifax, Gth July, 1775.
Gcntleme7i, — I am to inform yon, that, in consequence of
the rebellion now in New England, the Governor requires
that you will be watchful and attentive to the behaviour of
the people in your county ; and that you will apprehend any
person or persons who shall be guilty of any opposition to
the King's autliority and Government, and send them pro-
perly guarded to Halifax.

I am, Gentlemen,

Your most humble servant,

KlCHAUD BULKELEY.

The Justices of the Peace for

the County of Lunenburg."

CAPTURE OF SCHOONER "PATTY."

"Friday, September 13th, 1776.— At 10 o'clock, A.M.,
we saw a small schooner coming into the harbor of Chester.
She came to anchor off Quaker Island, along side of Jona-
than Prescott's schooner. At 2 o'clock, p. m., the Captain,
(John Leach), and his Lieutenant, (Brookhousc) came up
to the town of Chester, and alongside of our schooner
' Patty,' (which was ashore in order for hanging our rud-
der,) and asked us several questions concerning our schoo-
ner ' Patty,' and her cargo, and from that went alongside
Capt. Morris's schooner, which was then ashore to grave.
The said Leach, and Brookhousc told us they had been taken
by the ' Milford,' and sent into Halifax, and were there set
at liberty. There they had bought the said schooner above
mentioned, and had got 13 men on board, who were going
passengers with them to New England, and that they left
Halifax the day before. From Capt. Morris's they went
about the town till sunset or thereabouts. When the schoo-
ner got under sail in order to come up to town, the Captain

COUNTY OF LUNENIJURG.

253

,tcr.
ua-
ain,
up
uer
Irud-
Ihoo-
side
ave.
,ken
set
ove
[oing
left
^veut
llioo-
itain

aud Lieutenant went on board, brou;,'lit the solioouer to
anchor •within pistol shot of us, fired u swivel shot over ua,
tlicn manned out their boat and came on board of us, with
tlieir men nil armed, and took us a prize, and when the
schooner tloated they hove up tlie anchor, and went out of
the cove where we had hauled in for convenience of the
above mentioned business. Next morning ballasted the
schooner, and took her away, after letting us the subscribers,
and Nathaniel IJeal take our clothes, and other things be-
longing to us on shore, but carried with them the boy,
Francis Lassev. The above is to the best of our knowledse,
the particulars as transacted."

/c-^r^^iN Ni-iTKMrAii "Webb,
(^'Sned) jo„^. Morse."

"pROVixcE or Nova Scotia,
County of Lunenburg.

Chester, Sept. \C>th, 177C.
This day personally appeared Nehemiah Webb and John
Morse, and on oath testify that the above Trotest is accord-
ing to the above proceeding, to the best of their knowledge.
Sworn to before me,

(Signed) Timothy Houghton', J. P.

N. B. — It would have been attested to before, but my
being absent Avas not done."

"Chester, December 3rd, 1779.
We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do acknow-
ledge to have received of Timothy Houghton, Esq., two
shillings and sixpence, (each of us,) out of thirty shillings
generously given by Joseph Pernettc, Esq., for encourage-
ment in cutting a road from Chester towards "Windsor.

Timothy Houghton, on bi^half of David

Houghton and Charles Houghton.
Simon Floyd, on behalf of James Butler.

his

GuTLip X "Walker, Junr."

mark.

254

HISTORY OF THE

J]
^; : '

"Lunenburg, 6th September, 1782.

Comes before iis Mr. John Newton, Mr. John Areuberg,
Veil Blystelner, Mathias Blysteiner, and George Sharpe,
and informed tliat one Seidler, being a prisoner to some
American privateer boats now upon Cross Island, and saith
that said Seidler is still on Cross Island, naked, and in
irons, and is likely to perish in that condition ; wherefore we
beg to have leave jointly with some other volunteers to
go armed in a shallop, to redeem, and endeavor to take
said Seidler off from Cross Island.

(Signed)

John Nkwton, Jr.,
John Arenberg,
J. M. Blysteiner,
George Sharpe.

On the above representation, being so laudable to release
a fellow subject, now in danger of losing his life in his pre-
sent deplorable situation, and in consideration of which leave
is hereby granted to any persons who will voluntarily, upon
their own risk, go in any boat or shallop, to endeavor to
retake and redeem said Seidler from his imprisonment,
taking all possible care to run no risk of the enemy, being
now on Cross Island, but not to go further than said Island
or thereabouts, and from thence to return as soon as possible,
and in case they meet with an enemy whom they judge not
to be too strong for them, they are to defend themselves, or
take them if they can.

(Signed)

L. Christopher Rudolf,

D. Christopher Jessen,"

elease
s pre-
i leave
upon
or to
iiaeut,
being
Island
ssible,
icre not
Vos, or

lOLF,

5»

IeN.

COL'NTY OF LUNENBURG.

TABLE OF DISTANCES.

255

MAIX POST ROAD, AND TELEGRAl'lI LIVE.

Miles4

Halifax County line Hubbard's Cove to Frail's, Eastern River. . . 6

Eastern River to Chester. 6

Chester to Basin , 5

Basin to Gold River 1

Gold River to Martin's River, or Chester township line, west 7

Martin's River to Mahone Bay 3

Off Tele- ) Mahone Bay to Blockhouse 2

graph line ) Blockhouse to Bridgewater, new road 7

Mahone Bay to Lunenburg 7

Lunenburg to Bridgewater 12

Bridgewater to County line, on road to Liverpool 13J

Thence to Liverpool 18^

Chester to County line on road to Windsor 16

Thence to Windsor. , 18

Chester to New Ross Church 20

New Ross Church to County line, on Horton Road S-J

Thence to Ktntville 18

New Ross Church to County line on New Windsor Road 9^

Thence to Windsor 18

New Ross Church to County line on Annapolis Road 12

Thence to Bridgetown 40

Chester to Blandford, by water 8

«« " •• by land 14

«« " Big Tancook 7

Mahone Bay to New Germany. . . .- 18

New Germany to County line, on Annapolis Road 10

Thence to Springfield, County of Anr ipoli? 3

Mahone Bay to Maitland 5

" " New Cornwall 9

New Cornwall to Newbern 8

Newbern to Foster Settlement. 2

Lunenburg to Ovens, by water 4

•• '• " by land 13

" " Heckman'B Island 6

" •• •« whole distance by water 3

256 HISTORY OF THE

Mies,

Lunenburg to Bine Rocks 5

" " Cro33 Island = 8

«« " Five Houses, mouth Lallave Kiver 11

" " LaUave Ferry 7

Ferry to "West side River. . , ^

West side River to Petite Riviere, via old Post Road 7

Petite Riviere to IJroad Cove 4

Broad Cove to Vogler's Cove 3

Vogler's Cove to County line. East Port Medway 3

Lunenburg to North West 2

North West to Blockhouse 5

Blockhouse to New Cornwall 7

New Cornwall to Foster Settlement 10

Foster Settlement to Annapolis Road, near County line 4^

Bridgewatcr to Northfield 10

Northfield to New Germany 7

New Germany to Stoddart's, Finger board, Annapolis road 10

Bridgewater to New Canada 12

«' " Branch, (Lower) 7

*« «* " (Upper) 7

Upper Branch to Ohio corner, "\V. Vienots 'J

Ohio corner to New Germany 7

' " Pleasant River Road 4^

Bridgewater to Queen's County line, on Pleasant River Road. ... 1C>

" " Waterloo 12

" " Chelsea 12

" " Lapland 12

" " Campertown 10

" " Conquerall Church 'J

•' " New Italy 10

" " Crouse Town 13

" " Conquerall Bank 4

Conquerall Bank to Lallavc Ferry 5

Ferry to Mount Pleasant 3

Mount Pleasant to Petite Riviere, via old Post Road 4

I "ry to Fort Point, mouth Lallave River 3

Ion Point to Lower Dublin Church 2

Lower Dublin Church to Western Dublin 3

Western Dublin to Petite Riviere 3

" " Lallave Islands 4

COUNTY OF LUNENBURG.

IG
12
12
12

lU
13

3
4

2
3
3
4

257

CONCLUSION.

In fertility of resources, healthy situation, beauty of
scenery, and in the stcrlin*^ virtues of its inhabitants,
this county is second to none in Nova Scotia. We can
truly say " the lines are fallen unto y^s• in pleasant
places, yea we have a j^oodly heritage." While we
survey the cheerinn; prospect spread out on the right
hand or on the left, let us not forget the labors of the
pioneers, who, at Rous's brook, on the nicniorable 7th
June, 1753, conunenced the settlement of Lunenburg.
In surmounting the difficulties and discouragements
which have been described, those worthy men made
debtors to their energy and perseverance all who should
afterwards find a home in the county.
^ The writer, in concluding what has been to him a
labor of love in recording the history of that portion of
the Province in which he naturally feels the deepest
interest, offers the fervent aspiration that lie, without
whose approval no work of man can })rosper, may be
pleased to smile on all efforts made for its further ad-
vancement ; and that those who dwell within its borders,
may be, in all generations, a j)eoj)le "fearing Him, and
working rigliteousness," and meet at last,

" Beyond the stars, and all this passing scene,
Where change shall cease, and Time shall be no more."

' i-

■ 7 : ■

1 i> ..;■

\ ♦

NOTES.

251J

NoTK 1. Pajxe 49. — St. Bartholomew's churclj, east side
LaHave Ferrv, and St. Mathew's church. Upper Lallave. arc
within the mission of the K^iCtor of Lunenburg.

XoTK 2. Pajre 57. — As a proof of the vigor and health which
many of the inhal)itants retain in old age, the writer may men-
tion that he met on the 24th of June, at Wentzel's lake, two
sisters, Mrs. Penny age<l 8.0, and Mrs. Wentzel 73 years. They
had walked from the Brancdi, a distance of eight miles, and had
still to walk two miles before reaching their destination. The
heat was the only inconvenience they seemed to feel.

Not. ;3. Page 1U7. — The new Church, called, as was the first
one, " St. Stephens," was commenced in 1840, and cost £1100.

XoTK 4. Page 108. -Rev. \V. A. Weinbeer, who was a
native of Berlin, died Julv 13, 184.5, in the '2Hth vear of his age,
from disease contracted during a lengthened passage to Nova
Scotia, of ninety days. He excelled as a scholar, and was a good
musician. In his ministerial work he was greatly beloved.

NoTK .">. Page 114. — The Portland Packing Company
(Samuel Ilumery & Co..) have opened an establishment at
Chester for preserving lobsters. The main building is over one
hundred feet long, and fitted with all the required apparatus.
The Company have put up more than 3000 cans in one day.

NoTK (>. Page 120. — The islands are .said to number as
many as there are days in the year. This is probably not (|uite
correct, but there are a larce number, varvinjr in size and form,
and many of these are well cultivated.

NoTK 7. — The following gentlemen, who have represented
Lunenburg in the Provincial ParlianuMit. still reside in the
County : —

John lleckman, Es(|.

Hon. John Creightoii.

Henry S. Jost, Escj.

Benjamin Zwicker, Escj.

John Kedy, Esq.

Henry Bailly, P^st).

(ieorge Geldert, Es(i.

Benjamin lihynard, Es«).

Henry A. N. Kaulbach. Es<|.

Abraham Hebb, Es({.

■ ■■ If:

l>,

Hi.- li

ERRATA.

' Page 38. — Instead of " Murder of Boutiliers," read ••Murder
by Boutiliers."

Page 44. — Instead of search for money at "Keckman's Island,"
read " Hobson's Nose."

Pages 70 & 8;J.— For " La Lave," read '' La Have."

Page 75. — Between words '•following" and "Council." read
" report of a."

Page Hti. — Between words "and " and "at," read -another."

Page 96. — For "come," read "came."

Page 147. — Instead of " Babtisms," read "Baptisms."

Page L56. — For "was carried," read "were can-ied."

. Page 174.— After "Salmon," omit "bbls."

Page 217. — Between the words "among" and " which," omit
" those," and insert " the vessels."

•»*-.

"Murder

s Island,"

'C."

)un('il." road

another."

sms."

ied."

^hich," omit

J I

INDEX.

COUNTY.

Page.

Aborigines : — Territory of Micmacs 150

Massacre near Heckman's Island 161

" at Murderer's Point 152

Wagner killed at LaHave 152

Soldiers " at Darey's Lake 153

Tailor at Faubourg shot 153

Burial places 153

Murder of Payzants 164

" " Capt. Cope 156

Indians in County 1861 157

" The Micmac's Wish" 159

Agriculture 164

Ancient Documents 289

Biographical Notices 132

Baptisms, Weddings, and Funerals 147

Education 179

Exports and Imports 206

Fisheries .... 171

Light Houses .~7 226

Miscellanea 228

Natural History .... 185

Population in different years 201

Nationality 202

P«ligious Denominations 203

Eeturn of houses, public buildings, &c 203

Assessed value of property, &c 204

Mills, manufactories, 4"C 205

Live stock and crops 212

Agricultural produce, 4"C 213

Vessels, boats, fish, cjx 215

Lumber, leather, &c 215

Situation of County 7

262 V

INDEX.

Scenerpr nf County

■/;<

built at Lunenburg; and Mahone Bay.

j^. *< " atLaHave

♦' " at Chester

Alphabetical list.of registered vessels.

Temperance

Table of Distances

TOWNBHIF &f LUNElfBIdta.

Boundaries /

Block Aousos ,......,

'Plook Houses, (new) v yJr.rV •,/'••••••' ' • • •

^^outfHers, murder by ....>.*..'.....' •.

dommon, iSrants of

Cr^ef'sCove, incident at "j,

Conteiiaty Celebrafioi^. ,

Oi<^i^g6, habits, and customs of settlers

^fc^Mota's Now ; search ibr moAey

bnpressment at Haliifftz .'. . . .

Kolp 8 Feri^'. « 4-. . . • ^\ . ...

^ . . 1 ■ , 'jj' ",^-i

Kiugsburg, an^Rose Bay I'?'.". it .,. . ,

Lujienburg, French settlement, •• Mirliguesh" .>-.^

, ... - Preliminaries, Britial^ settlement. . . ;

Settkunent by Germans, Swiss, &o

L J iiwt Bkth^ . . '. .....;.... r^,

, f,^ V Registered marviiige and death .^. ................ ;

Medit. of drawing lands ,j;,V... .V'. . . .

., V , First Deeds of same

r . Town plot laid out .i;?i'. ......

.. First Militia Regiment ....... .. ..••.•>.. . . . ........ • -ru: .. .

iuftfflHtl*ftI6fi« • •:• • * «'• • ¥■ i • • • • • ••

" Shop ............. ...,...,..

Rebellion

, -.i.S..

, Invasion . . ;>,. ;,•.•• •.••.'•.• : •

, <" State^l7!)iV.'. . .♦'fV. .... . . . . .V.

;.;. Vessels capered. »

. Fir^ election of members of House of Assembly.

Mahone BajjT . . . . . ... . . -

Maitland, Northfield, and Nfew Cornwall j,

New Germany I ...'... .

^iM:A.

■"*^,,

202

IM>KX.

p»jrc.

Scotury of County 100

Shipping , 216

Vc'i.vels built lit Luntnt'Urg, and Mahone Bay 'J17

" ♦• atriHave Iil8

" " at Chester 219

Alpliabctical list of registered v( -els \ 220

Temperance 182

Tublc of Diitrmces 255

TOWiJSirrP OF LUUiil^EUIlQ.

Bonnlaries 7

Block Uouses 2it

Block Ilnti'cs, (Tifw) 41

Boutiliers, murder by ;}H

Common, Grants of 12

Crceser's Cove, incident at 40

Ccntonary Celebration 54

I)>s»'llings, habits, and ciittonis uf settlers 25

llobson's Note ; search for money 44

Impressment at ITalifax 33

Kolp's Ferry 2'.i

Ki;j\rtburg, and Rose Bay 67

Lunenburg, French settlement, " Mirligucsh" 14

Preliminaries, British settlement 15

. Settlement by Germans, Swiss, &c 16

First Birth 1 1>

" Registered :i:;iiriage and death 4'.«

Mode of drawing lands 1-^

First Deeds of same .' 1''

Town plot laid out I'J

First Militia Rr -iment 20

" Magistrates '-^f*

" Shop 31

Rebellion 22

Invasion S4

State— 1701 ^

Vessels captured 41

First election of members of House of As: ombly 247

Mahune Bay "*^

Maitland, Northfield, and >:ov Cornwall C4

New Germany G3

.^. . ^<

Page.
. 100
, 216

. 21-

. 218

. 219

,. 220

,. 182

. . 255

20
41

3H
12

40
54
25
44

2'.»

If.

11^

4'.*

1!*

41
247

5^
C4

INDEX. 263

Page.

Oveni 04

«• Di^rovf ry of Gold 06

Oinor's Bnu'h , 09

Rit>.T"6 Cove, CrtAicr's Cotp, and Five Ilousee 08

Religion, Church of EnglaDd 45

rrcbytorian .... 50

Lufheran 51

Methodist 53

PonjHD Catholic 54

h'ettlcrs killed by Indians 20

" Sally," capture of 33

Stock j-cut by GcvcrDmcnt 24

" Obtained at Minas 30

Township, Grants of 9

Veritable " oldest inhabitant" .'. . • 56

TO^VITSILP OF ^;E\7 DUBLIN.

A rri val of French 69

Ci itish Settlement 80

Biidgewater 87

Foundry, Factories, Mills 89

Census, 1G86 73

Cape Lallave 84

Conquerall Bank 86

Htbb's Mills .• 93

Petite Riviere. . •. S3

R :ins at Fort Point 76

Ri \ er LaTlave 85

Stcnmcr " Chcea] crike" 86

Sobouncr " Induj-try" 93

^Vinter of 18C9-70 98

r ■

HIP

Ci-

c:ii3TE]a.

Arrival of r.'>:ly Stldors 99

A'jiotogon 126

E< -nties 102

P\ Iford. :.rd Br.v..v,. tcr 125

Cl>v, and t-ana Mfmds ": 118

Dcfe'ices ^ 104

.P< ML of Rev. Thoinas Lloyd. . , .: 107

F.Mr.icts from orig' :,'.l j' j.'.rs 104

20 {

ixnr.x.

First birth, ni '.w't\,\ in-l rccorV"! deatb tO:'

JV'.nli in Chcitcr T.-y 115

Mi;! Cove, nriil Fox Point. *. 127

Ne'.»- Rojs l-JO

««R.,,:r ';" l:i::

Oak Is! ml ". 1 lo

Priratt'.T.s 108

Qu;i'cer Lili-.n l'. '...'. , 118

Rcli^-i", Chur.Ii^M 100

Firdt Ordiivirion lOS

Riveri r.!'.i

Discovery of gold at Gold River 130

Shorehani, (now Chcotet) 100

Slier.vood 1 ■_' I

Scotch Cove. i2><

Tancook 115

"Touns Teaser" " • 110

m ■MitHMililiUi

■» I

10:^
llo
127

1-jn

vi.\

llo

108
118
lOf,
lOS
ll!'.i
130
100
1-_M
128
II.')

ssaia*'-- " ■■'*^