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Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to righx and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent etre film^s ^ des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est fitm4 A partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche i droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CANADA rioN. \V. J. Itncur, Uinulfr \V. \V. CoKT, C'.M.G., Dtpuly Miiiuter. PUBLICATIONS W-"' .->£ MU^T**^' OF THB Dominion Observatory OTTAWA W. F. Kino, C.M.G., LL.D., Director. Vol. 11, No. 10 Gravity BT F. A. McDIARMID, B.A. D CAl MT M,03 P02-10 OTTAWA GOVBRNMENT PRINnNO BtTREAD 1915 iTrA DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CANADA Hon W. J. l;. !i \ ( ONTl NT.- l>;ricniinTici\ r.i-iiiu:i iLiiil .li-'Tiplimi c,f .-taliiiii-. lTI-!r;l!lH'M!> :ili'i .\lip:ir;it :;-■ I -.nf A|.p:..■:,iU.. ^^t! f (lli-.rVMlr.iJl DrIiTinilllllluTI "f CnillincnH HaMlii; (if ("liriiiininftt T!^. lililuilloll of ( (lis. TV;!! inn- V;iri:i1ii'ii in icnutiis of IN'ii.Iiiluni.- I'cTloiN iif the rillilulini:s. ( 'li-.TV;[lloll< :i1mI lircli;, t |i ills Diiliulii'ii of Alii-iiluti' (;r:ivit> ('iiniputation nf itic IiiImisiI\- nf ('ir;i\ ily at laiy srlrrli il St at inn C'orrn'l 1(111* f(ir I !|( ■^■,lllllll. TniKimajihN , ami Isoi-fatic C'dliipci.salimi. Kcasdlls fur the |. I'd,-. ri, 11.11. .if r.ii.liiliila W..lk C'dii.lusion , rA(.r, ■JiH ■JiiJ ■J|if> .'HI 2\l 2lt ■Jis ■2M ■j:i't Jll ■ji;_' ■iiv.i SIO'JT U (iiiwriv IIV I \ MrDlAltMllI, HA. IN I H(ir>r< ri'i\. ('aiKi'la i- laiudy a ih'w lirld lor ^r.iviiv dli-crvat idii-; ol' tli.' iiiinn'iisc counlrv I'l-iiiii till' Atlaiilic lu ilu' I'acilii', and lioiii lln' ><;... luiii iMiiindaiv to llic Arciii' (iccaii. ilii ir lia\c lirfii '.iravil> ili'tcriiiiiial inn- nia-N' al (inl\- tum- pdinis. I)r, Oitd l\l(il/. umlrr wIk.-c -n|irrvi-i(in lli^- work i- al |)iv-( ni (airicil on. inaili' ol.-rrvalion- at Oliaw a. 'I'oroiilo ami .Monirral in l'.M)J; and I'lcti—or I., IV .><(r\vart oliMTVcil al .\oi-lli\vr>l l{ivcr. I.aln'ailor. in I'.MI.V liraxiiis for ihr pro-rciilioii of a tiraviiy ("iiii|iai;;n covcrinii llic wlioic country will lie liivcn later in tins report . ami al>o a eoinparisoii of tlie re>iilt- ol)taineil lor Ottawa li> Dr. i\iot/ with tho.-e ohtaineil la.-t .-ea^on will lie .-liowii. M'lie followini!; report of tlie ^ravity oli.-ervation-- iiiaile at eighteen -taiioii- (liirinji the pa.-l season is coiisidereij under the following; heads: — I'ositioii and deseri|)iion ot' stations. Instruments and apparatus. I'se of ap])aratus. Metiiod of ohscrvation. Determination of coeHieieiits. Rating of chronometers. Hechictioii of ohservations. ('iian^es in lengths of pendulums. Periods of iienduiunis. Deduction of ahsohite gravity. Computation of the intensity of gravity at any selected station. Corrections for elevation. to])()jirai)liy. and is jstatic comiien.-atioii. Reasons for tlie prosi'cution of pendulum work. Conclusion. 202 iTHl.HAIIONS OK IHK ni)MlVln\ (IHSi;i(\Aloi! V, l'ii>ril()\ AM) DKSCUII'IIIIN OK STATIONS. Tlic iirnvi!>- -niti'iiis (ii'i'iipicd (luriiiii the summer of I'Jl 1 arc in ihi' pniviticcs of <»iiiari(i ainl (^ihIum-: in t)ntari() Ottawa, Kiii^sldii. Mattawa, I.iskcanl. Coclii'anc. >auii Sic. .\Iaiic, Ciiaplcaii, Vml .Vrtliiir, liosc roint, Wliithy. W(iiii!>liic!v and Win. ism : in (.2ucl)vc .Maiiiwaki. l^dlicrvai. Taduussac. Portiiciif. St. .Ici-."imc and >tc. .\ntic-i'c-r>clic\ilc. l-'(ir til.' |i!ifp( c dl' -tandai-di/inii the pcndiiliiins. oljscrvatioiis were made at \\':i at Washington, aini as Washington was deteniuned from Kuroix', there is a coininori base for all gravity I'esulls. l']arl,\ in .March of the year 11)14, the writ(T was directed to proceed to Wa.~hi:i;iton with the peiidulun' outfit. The apparatus had not l)een used for a numlier of \cars. and ni'cded a coTuplete overhauling;. The ix'ndulimis were const rui'led -ome \eai's .aiio under the supervision of .Mr. Iv (i. Fischer, Chief of the In.-trument Division of the ('oast and (ii'odctic Siu'vey; .and. Mr. Fischer very kindly placed the whole outtit in iiood order. The writer, iiere, wishes to express his liiatitude to .Mr. Tit t maun, Superintendent of tiie ( 'oast and ( Jeodetic Survey, for ^i\■iML': e\-ei\- facilits for the further.ancc of the work. .Mr. W'illiain Howie, Chief of t!ie CumputiiiL; nivision and Inspector of C ietic Work, nax'c uuich valuedile information eonceininii gravity observations, and also on other lines of '.:e, Mill ic work. In the oh'~ervuiii-. Mi'. ( '. H. Sw ick of the ( 'omputiiiir I )ivision as>i>''d : \ii'. Sw ii !. lias had 1 iiusifleialile field experience, and was most painstakinii; in |:i\'iiiu e\i'r\ ai of lli(> three pcnduhitri^; 1. J and .'> in W'a-liinuUiii the iiistnmiciits were sliippcil to Ottawa, and ilir |)ci'io(U dciciiiiintd. Tii:' tiip Ottawa to \\asli'"''toii to ()Itawa was rcpcalid. and M^ond -cts of olwrvatioiis were made lioth a- \\a>liinnto!i and ( )tta\va. 'riii-c toui- srt>. twn a; Wa-liiii'^lon and two at Ottawa, trivf two Iim', 'pendent d'terinination^ ni tin' lifavily at ( )t tawa, and estalili-h < )ttawa a- a liase point loc all ( 'anadian wiu'k. The pendiihiin stations (>talili>iied dufiiiii tiie snimner ol' I'.IM wi'fe all hieated ni'af astfononiical stations, and aic desciil>ed as lollows: (Ulinrii. The peiidnllini pii'f wa> itl thi' >oUlhw<-t I'oinn- of the liasetnellt of the Dominion < )l)sefvatofv. MiuiiiriiLi. The ]iendiilimi pier was in tlie cellaf of thr I.aivnti"i- hoti'l. 4 feet lielow- tin' level of tiie fail ill ffont of the C.l'.H. statlMU. atid i -Jn feel ihie W('~l of the asti'onoinieal station i l'.)()(ii. distanee to a-t imioiniral -tation inea-nred. A'//;;/-'""- 'riie pentiuluni pier was in tlie fiifiiace fooni of the eiiy hall. 10 feet below the (l.-^.C heneh-niark in the KiliL.>toii po>t olliee. and 27(10 feet west and O.')0 feet south i^f the astfonoinieal >talion >100.")) on the lioyal Military College jifotinds. distance to astronomical station scaled from ma|i of the cii\ of Kinjtstoii. Rnlnrntl The pendiiliini |)ier was in the cellar of Mr. Le^aiilt's residence, 2 feet lielow the level of the rail in front of the (^uelu'C and Lake St. .lohti railway station, and '.t:{.") feet sotith and oTO feet east of tlie astronomical >tation ^ I'.IOT), distance to astronomical station measured. r(iihiiis.tatioii measured. I'lirliiiiif. Th(> pendulum jiier was in the foundry near the ('.P.P.. -lation. the same <'levalion as the rail in front of tjie station, a. id I:!.') feet .south a. id ."i70 feet west of astronomical station i IHOIU, distal. ce to a>ir(iiiomical station tm .i-ured. SI. .1,'rotiu. The iieiidulum pier wa- in the cellar of t!ie < hateaii l.:iro-(-, 7 fed Ik low t!ie level of the rail in fr UK lilK DOMINION oli-^KltV \ I oKV. ,.„v-i..~l.u,M>n.. Ma,.,iu,K,U,-..lh... l(M,v, l.lou , h. 1, v.l of -h. raU m ..-on, ,/„„.(; TH Mann,,, .„.Mn u, f.., . a. a„.l 1- f-v. nn„l, of ,h. aMnmnnu.a .„„„„ „„.,..llManr,. ,uaM,-„nu,„„.alMaU -al,.! Inm, ma„ of .h. .own uf Sic, .\imi'-ili'-l'"'ll''Viii'. M„„.„n, ■ri„.p,„,lulm,M.i.rna-iu,h...llaro, ,!u. Virlonalio,,.!. KMV,.. ,1 ,i„, (■ p. 1>. .lalioii. and ■-'!() Irct noiili aiul l„.ln\v ihc Irvcl of i-ail in in.,. I . :i(M) fcrt ca-i of a-lrol.oiiii.al ^-lalK.,! 11,1 a>mi .1 |',l()7., ili>tan(T to astronomical siatiini /;-/,,„■,/ TlH. pcn.l.ilMM, pur wa^ m ilic l-a-.-nrnt of .lie iml.lic liln-ary, 7 f,,,,M>, l.,w .1,.. 1. V..1 of r,,,l in froni ..f .he T .V N. <>. rail.av >,an.,n. ami lUM.) ^,„., ,,,,, „f aMronon.ir 1 Ma.i.Hi \'MU:. cliManrr lo a.l rononn,.al Ma.ion scald from plan <.f l.i-!^' :i''l' r„rl.r Tli. pcn.lulum pi.T wa^ in .he cellar of , he Kin, ( Icor.c lio.cl. „„ !..vel .i.h rail in fn.n. o, , he T. .V N. .'. rail-ay Ma.ion. aii.l MX. lee. easi „„, ,„f,.,„ nor.h,.. agronomical Ma.ion M^.mK ,li-.a,icc ,o .he aMronomical elation scaled from map ..f .he .own of C.chraiu'. s„„// SI, Mn,:.. JUr p.n.l,.lMni put wa~ in .he f...-nace room of the city ,,,„ .,.. r,.,,, l„.l,.u ,1... |,...lof lailmfron, „f ,he C. 1>. H. s.a.ion. and aOS teet ..n.h and 7.I.. fee, ...M of aMronomual Ma.ion .H.UK dixance ,o astrunomiral ,,a.,on M.iled from map of ,he .onm, of Sanll S.e. Marie. rl,ni,l The pcn.lnhim out v.a. in .he cellar ..f V. .1. Pen-Cc's s.ore „,.,, ,i„, , ■ 1>. II -,a'i..n. .. le,.. h.'low .he Icv.l of , he rail in front ot .he ( . W U- .,,^,i„„, :„„1 s.;o fe.i .a^ an.l :>W fee, ...i.h of aM nuu.mical s.a.um lMK)7,, dis- ,,„„,,, ,„ aMn.nomua! --auoii M.ald Irom map of town of ( -hapleau. i;.rl \rllnn- -l.e p. n.luh.m pier ua- m .he cellar imder ih,. Masonic huildin^.. \,,1,.„. Mive,. 12 l.e, a....N.' .he I, vel of the rail n, front of .he C. 1'. H. station. ..,„, ,|,s lec, ..M aiui :.h. f.-. no,.h o, aMn.m.imcal Ma.um .1SS7,, distance „,,1 Ma.u.e -■,,l,,i i,o,n n.ap of the cl!> of I'orl .\r.hur. ,, ,1,,. e.llar of .he lto.se P(,in. ho. el. •r i> ....ti,,ti l.".n feet west and t(i a.-, loiiotni Itns, I'li'nil. The p-iniulnm pier ua- II 2 leet licit. \s tlic icM I oi (IH.WI 1 V •iOo 100 ivv 'Ill (if astniiK.iniciil ^talioii '\WI)k di-^laiir.. to a-tnmniniral slalimi incasurcil. Whill,,/. The pcli'lulum piiT wa- in llic ccUai' of \'.. \i. Hl^w's More. S feet alMivr llic level (il rail in front of ( i. T. K. -laiion, .")() led hhiiIi and ildU feet we.■^l (if astronomieal >tation > l'.M).')i. di-tance to a.sl roiioinieal station niea-iiicd. irr»»/.s/(/r/,-. The penduhini pier wa- in llie ha-einent of the market liuildini;, 10 feet helow the (1. S. < '. I.eneh-iuark in the WoodMock post o!Iice. MSdd feet west and 2.')() of Wiiid-or. These -tations ueiv picvioUsl> oecnpicd lor loiisiitude and latitude, s,, tlien- tieo^iTapliical positions are accuridely known. The ti^ure- for elevation were (.htained from the l.e-t inhirmatiou availaMe. Wli. 'never jios-ihle the l.ench- marks of the Ceodetie Survey of Canada were lied to. and for all other stations th" fijinres for altiltide as (iiveii hy White's "Altitudes in Canada" were used. In the followiiifi tatile are liiveii brief descriptions of the penduhini piers, the loiif;itU(le. the latitude, and the altitude of each station. .\i every station with the exception of I'ortiieuf a dry cellar with a jiood c(Micivie lloor was found, and a pier constructed liy ceineiitinii three cuhical -tones of e(iual heiiihl to the c.ncrete floor with plaster of Paris. The peiKhilum c.a.se ireceiven was then |)lace(l on the pier. ThN method of mount iim proved very sal isfact(,ry. At I'ortiieuf a concrete lloor in a foundry was used as the (,liservin>i station, and on account of the fre(|Uent chanrni.l(Arin\> (.K TIIK 1)0M1M'>N nnsKUVAT<->RY. I.dnKitviilc h. in. l.atitmlc Aliilnilc. Di's.-ripiinii of StaiM.ii \\";l-h!IlLniill .-, (IN i¥) ■ 3S :,:; 13 (Hr:iu;i 1 ■"' IIJ t.'i 23 3!1 M:ini\v:iki I r, m "i.'i 41 > ')■> 2s Ki'.l KiimsioTi 1 (i."i 4n ."il It IS 13 :,l 107 Tiiil"ii^^;i'' 1 3S 4-> OS -'■' Pt)rtM<'iif 4 47 3n if, 12 32 M St.JtTnniP Sir Anni li.'-H.llcvuc . I 4 .")') 2S 4S t.-| 40 4ii 21 31 27 34 MaiT:iw.\ 5 It 47 111 IS 13 170 I.iskc-ar.l 18 ■)l) 47 30 34 1IJ4 CcicliraTii' 5 24 0'> ■HI 03 44 S'Uilt Sli' Mam' T) 37 IS 4li 30 21) ls(i CliapK'aii I'dri Vrtlmr 5 5 33 ■>r) 31". -.2 47 4s .'lO 21) 27 OS 430 ISO Rciso Point \\ luiliv 5 20 1,". 10 111 4r, 1!) -,■> 02 13 IS} S4 Wuna-lock .) Zi 07 i:i lis 33 2SH WiiM^nr 5 32 10 1 '" 10 (Hi 17S iMliu'llt (if r. A: ('., S liiiil.line. l,a-i-Tiiriit of DoiiniiMin I lli- r linnl. ily hall. ,,f Mr. I.i-caiilt. rllar of Tailou^- I'lniluliiiii piiT ill !■; l''liiluliuii room 111 scrvatory Conrrcti' tl-or m ..liar of l.anaiM. ('oiurcli' ll.iiir in fiiriiai.- room of . (■(.ncriir floor in ..liar of rcsiili'ii. . CoiicTi'ii. wall aroini.l funia.-i a.- liotrl, Ciili'-rrlr floor in f.iun.lry nrar CI' 11. ,-tali.iii. OiniTci.. ll....r m ha.M-mi'nt ..f C'liatrau I.aros... C.incnio tlo..r in l.a-.niiiii of I'hysii-s Imil.lin):, Ma.-.lonal.l CiU.!;.' ConiTi'ii- floor m liaMn..i.t of Vi.->..na liot.-l. !{',,ii.ri-ti. ll.K.r in liascincni ..f imhli.' Ulirary. rit.' Iloor in liaicnicnt of Kiiii! (l.'oriti' lioicl. ri'lf tlo.ir ill lia-.ii.i'lit of city liall. CoiiiT.-t.' lI.H.r ,11 ..■liar of V, ,). l'.T|i.-I.-'s-toli'. C.incnli' ll.ior in iKKinirnt of Ma.^.mi.' ImiMinn. ■rcio llo.ir in haMiiunl of Kosc I'oint liotrl. foncn.t.. tl.K.r in . lUar of K. I!. Wow's -torr C'onrrcto Moor in liascinciil of niarkit tiuililinn. Conn-.t.. floor in lia.-cinint of C.lMl. tcU'Hraph OlIlIM'. INSTIUMKNTS AND APPAUATlf*. The outfit usoi! in all iln- work consisted of half-seconds pendulums 1, 2 and :5 with the acconipanyin^ air-ti«ht receiver. Hash apparatus, wherein an elect ro-inap.et ii. the circuit of a chronometer moves a shutter and throws a flush iif li«ht evrv two secnds. a telescpe for ohservi.in. mounf.d above the fia.sh apparatus, dummv ur tem,.erature pendulum, si.h'.ral hreak-c.rcuit chronu- i„,.,,.rs Bond 51',) and Dent .V2S(Ki, thermometers, air pump, dry cells, chromifiraph. svvitchl.oard and flash lamp. When necessary to determine time hy star oh.s.-rva- tions a transit telescpe mu~t he added, luit this year time signals were sent from the standard sidereal clocks at the Domininn Ohservatury. and a transit was not needed. Tl„, n'ceiver and pendulums are described in the -Uep-i-' "f "'<' ^'''''^f .\stronomer. I'.Kl.-.. .Xpi-endix 2'- tlie Hash apparatus is also described m that report, but in order to explain the niechaniMU of the shutter the whole flash _ , -1.1 1...:. 11.. .l....„^U..,.l iijijiaiaiil^ V.li: .:■-' :•::•.::,'• 'i (iKAVlTV. 207 F/«.s7( (ipiiitntliis*. 'I'lic tiiisli iii)i):ir:itus cmi-iist-; of a \\\i,\\\ niclal lin\. iiioiuitcd on a hra-s >\{\m\ haviiiii l)oth vertical and a/iinutlial iiio\ fiuciits ami clamps, and canics with it an ordinary oh.-crvin^ telescope, t . which may lie t'ociis slit. /, is below the line of slits, v and r. As soon as the cir(Miit is broken the sprinfi, /(. catises the arm to rise and the slit, t. pas.ses the line of slits, r and z. emitting a flash of light. Before the end of the stroke, the arm also lifts the shutter, v. so that its slit is no longer in line with the slit in z. When the circuit is again closed the arm. iM>rt, Ih'Jl, .\pprn(iix 15. 2 OS I'l ni.ii\Ti(i\> i>i' riir. i)(iMi\iH\ (iii-~i;n\ AToiiY. is .■mittcd. It i- llm- -ccii ilial ihr iliivr -lil> :uv "tilv ill iinc inmicdiatcly iiftcr the iitvakin- u{ ihc .irciiil. A Miiall .ul lamp anaclicl 1 ic >u\r ..f llic \n<\ furnish.., ti... liirlii i"r ilic lla-li. ilir ii'Jn I'-'in^ .•(Mircntralr.l \>y a iciis .ni I lu- slit al'liT liciiiii icllccicil !)>■ a iiiindi- in iIk' iiiinior ni tlir \ ;('n>i<'ii on tlic f.ictinn -piin- niuM nut lie .■lian-id iluiin;i a sd of IM-nduliini iva.iinjis. ..t linu i-r the -lit- uniilil nut have lla^ same ivlativc niutiun to one anot iicr. When the pcnilulmn is s\\iniiinii. tli.^ inia-c a- ivIIccPmI in.in the pcn.luliini niiiTur will cliantic its portion ivlaiiwly to that of the lixcl mirror a.- s.rn in llic field of the trli^scopc, i..rau>c ,,f llic lact that the prmluliun makes a douhlf oscillation in a little more than a sid.^rcal second, and will he foun.l a little heliind its former position at ti;e end of each break when ihe lla-h i. thrown The inovinji image will, theref,,re, appear to travel up and down the held of the telescoiie l.y successive junips, wholly disaiipearins: from the held to return afiain with apiiarent retrojirade motion. Coincidences are ol..ser\cd by notiiiu: llie time when the two iniane- are in the same horizontal line. It is evident that in the interval between two occurrences of this phenomenon, the |ien(hihun lias made one less than twice as many o-cillations as the chronometer has beat seconiis, and thai in the mean iiilerval of time between the first and last of a numlu-r of coincidences, the numlH i of oscillations of the peiululuin will be twice the luunber of seconds [.<) less the nunibi-r of coincidence intervals (//), so that the time of a single oscillation is readily derived from the relation /'= .,^_^^. The beauty of the coincident method lies in the fact that a .small error in noting Hie time of a coincidence has little elTect on /'. (■Iinf„<»t„t,rs. Two chronometers are use.l in the oliscrvation of coincidences. One s(-rves as a check on lie other, and seldom does tlie period of an oscillation, n:. determined from the two. dilTer by more than one or two in the seventh decimal place of the iieriod of the p. ndulum. The chronometers used during the sea.soii of I'.tUare Bond No. .")l'.tand Dent No. .V.'Sdti. Ourinsi a jiart of the observation.s at Ottawa the Neiius chronometer No. 20SS was also u.sed. Thiriiiouuurs. The thenn.imeters in th(> pemlulum outfit are (Ireen Nos. . , ,. , , ._, ; 1.11 v., lis; ,..,..; ...;;.;! ;.t W .'■ s! >i !! iit ( )!! . Ottawa. Alaniw.aki and (IliAVllY 209 S 210 IM HI.K Al |()N> Ol IHK l)(l\llNli»N i )11SKI(\ \ I ( )1{ V, l\Miti>tiiii, iiiiil Nil. 121 ;ii .-ill il.c (illic!- -talidii- Till' lliiTinniiii liT< wcrr st;iii- (l;irili/i'il III the r.iircau di' Siamlan!- in \\ i>liiii;:ii>ii. and liir i-ornTtioii.N arc in the Inlluw inir lalilc: - 'rhtTthi'iinf iir ri'.'iiliMi ClIHUKITlilN. No. lit). No. 118. No. 121. 0' (■ 10 (■ 21) (• .-iO (' 10 ir> II -JO ] •.'.■) I 10 10 I.-) 15 - 10 - 00 - O 0.5 - 05 When ihc sifin i-; -f lli'' rdrrcctidn sIkhiM lie added to. and wiicn — .■^uhtractcd frdiii the nii^ciAcd icadinii. <'ln-(ini'i/i(ii)li. .\ I'aiiili .•^a'liiniillcr) clironiisjir'aiili wa.'^ uscil for (•()iiii)ariny; tlic t\\(i i'lir(in(inict( r.-, and aUn Inr rrrci\ini; time >i;inais i'l-oiu Cttawa. SiritrhlxKirtl. 'I'lic .--w it( iilioard !.■< one tiiat has hcci lined in lonjjitude \vorl<. It i.- so arraiified t!ial liie eiiionoineier iieats can be transmitted over the telcRraph Une. and also recoidin e 'hi' rliroiioiiruph shei't. 'I'wo additional switclies were iiioMJited on the hoaid for usiii'j, ;l,e chrononieter relay either in the chruiioiiraph eireuit, or in the eirriiit with tin lia.-h apparatus. r-i: i)K .\i'i',\ii\rrs. \'eiy little prejiaraiion wa- needed at a station Ix-fore iiiotintini; the instni- ii'.enl. \ cellar with n eoiii'rdc lloor \- ,;s ijencrall>- easily found, and as staled atio\-e. three cuhical stoiie< of e(;iial ihiekncss were secured, and made fast to the lioor with jilastei' of Pari-. The stones were needed to raise the receiver to a siiflicient heiv.ht to i nanie the lla.-h apparatus to l>i' n;ounted in a jiosition suitable for ol.-er\ in.i:. !n some pla<'e> ihe Moor was so constructed that the ri'iei\(i' (dulii he mounted on the l!o ir injj,- bo\es, so as to pi'cserve as nearly as possible the s!nn_c I I'miicrat lire _\< !)f.'i!!ted '..'lit abo\'e. th.f* e!',.'!nv(' of t!'!e.Mer.'it!!re r.'^,re''' - (1 U) - (1 IM) - II ll.-i - 1) or. (iHAVITV 211 (•\ccc(lc(| two (Icjrrccs ( Vii I iuHn l( ■ (iiirinu llic two dnys spent at a station. l5cforc (■oininciiciiii;oliscr\atioiis. ihr ijciuluhiiii ca-caiid tlic iiciidiiliuii slioiild tx" iiMimitcd III the ohscrviiifr rooiii for srxcral lioiirs. in order that the |Miidiiliiin and case \ull hotli he at the teMiperatiirc of tlie room. If the temperature of the room is constant, thirmometer reaiHii^^s at the l)ej5iimini>; and end of a swint; wih ho Mitheieiit: I even if thi' temperature is chaiiKitif; Kradiiaiiy, two readinsis will siitlice. However, if tiie temperaUire is flnctiiatin)i, then the thermometer mtist l)e read fre(|iientiy. In order to keep the temperature constant it is w<'l! to close all windows and doors. J5lack cotton is u.sed for darkening windows and cutting otf extraneous li^hl MKI'Ilol) ; the images of the slit on thi' mirrors, the stationary mirror is adjusted so as to make the two images lie in tiie same straight line and sliglitly overlaj). The surfaces of the top of the receiver and the cai) having heen thoroughly cleaned, a little lard or soft tallow is ruhhed evenly over them, and the cap is placed in position. By moving the caj) from side to side under considerahle pressure from the kands. g(jod contact is generally secured without difficulty. The air-])ump is then attached and the air exhausted to ahout .")() millimetres. After exhausting the ciiamher some time should elapse hefore commencing ohser- vations, in order to insure that the ])endulum reaches the temperature of the re-eiver. After having ohtained the errors of the sidereal chronometers, (>ither hy rompari.son with some standard clock or from star ohservalions, the pendulum is gently lowereil to the knife-edge, and set swinging with an are of ahout 5 millimetres amplitude. The pendulum must -dways he pl.iced in the same !)osition on the knife-edge. Of the two knife-edges Xos. I and II, only Xo. I was used. iVy .'I. IM III. II \llti\> 111 illl. l>ii\ll\|ii\ iili>i.i;\ \|Mi;>. 'I'lic |icliillllilin li:i\ini: lucli -el -\MliLiill'.i. lln' ol i- .rv n- li\ iiir:iii~ 111 :i >\\llcli turn.- cillicr n\ 1 In- ilimi 'hi--- ol. lli<' ll;i-!i a|i|iaial ii- uml iintc- I lir miiicKli iiccs. Ill liiiiiii)i' ciiincidciM'i- a liark ciin iiicHiniii-. placril nii llic laMr near llic uli-ci-\ cr, is ummI. a ciiiiiiilcir -il III' niiliriililiri - i-iill-i-l- nl' llilrr. I W ii i||) ami nlir ilnWII, ur Iwii iliiwii ami <>t\c up, l!iairiiii;~ air lakni with Imlli rliiiimniii'iri- mi ilic lla~li appaiain-. TIm' hack clirnmiimirr i- aUva\- riiiiiparrij with the iil)-iT\iiiii cliiiiiiiilmtci- at rai'li -i-\ ol ciiimii Inn'i - l!i'ailiiiii> nl arc. tliiiimptiirtci'. ami iiiamitiiriii- aic inailr an«l icriiiilril. .\li( r app|-ii\iiiialrl\ liulit liuiir- tlir fcailiiin> ate auain iipraird 'riii- riill~t itiitr- a -winu nf tlir prmlllluill wliicli i> then -tnppcil, ami rc-iaiiri|. ami lln' fcailinii- a.iiaiii ripratnl. Thi- i- iluiir a liinl lime, ami ai iIh' iihI nl' I wciity-l'uiir liiiiir- a -crunil prmluhiiii i- iii-tallcil. ami tliiiT -ri- III' iTailiiiii- ail' -iinilarl> takrii (in it. .\t iIh' rml ul' the liist twciiiy- I'uiir liniii- a -(•('ciihI ciiinpaii-nii liriwrni llic i-liniiKiim'ti'i's ami tlir stamlanl cluck i- tiia'lr. iir a mihihI -cI nl' liiiic iiliscrval inn- 'if pn~sil)lci i- taken. When a -lamlanl cluck i- a\ailalile fnr cnMipari-nn. such a cnnipafisnti iiia>' lie made mice, twice. I., ihree lime- a da\'. When the fate- of the two chrnnmiiet ef.- are delermimd ifnm -tar nli-er\atinii-. such nli-er\atinns are nenerall>' taki'ii at the lieiiiniiitm nl' the fr-i -wiiiii nf the lir-t pendulum. ;iml at the end nf the third -wiiiii ni' ihe ihird pemliiluin. When mi accmint nf cl(iud>' wetilher, it is impns-ilile tn ;iel -lar nli~er\ a' inn- at the end nl' cnmplete sets nl' the three pen- (liilunis, then the penduluiii nliservaiinn iii\i>t lie cmitiiiued until - li time as the -k\' clears. It i- lieliescd that liv swiiiirini!; the pendulums cmitinuniisly lietween time deierminarinn-, the etTecl III' diurnal ii'renularities nf rate are entirely eliniinaled. as it will mil lie liy aii>' mlier metlind. and this is sirikinjily shown 1 1\- cmnputim; the mean peiinds nf the three pemliilunis as deterniineil from the two chrolinmeters. Tlie axerasi'e dilTelence at the dilTerenl station.s ir less than OMIOOOdDl . and the ma\unuin dilTerence is 0' OOOOOdl. • .II \\ 1 1 ^ 213 il' :i ^w llrli ilii'uli lii-cs. r (lii^riv il. orir i|ii\\li, ('!■-< 1)11 llir ()l)-cr\ iliii llctiT. ami ir rcailiiin^ I'll i> llicii lir a liild lallcil. and •>I Iwciily- ' >t;ni(lani I'll. When \ he made I'diionictcrs ■all\' taken end (if the atlicr, it is three pen- li time as mtiiuKtiisly fate ai'e ; strikingly detefniincil station.s is HeldU lulldU- a >el iit olix'IA at inn.- . Sliiiiiiii ; ( I leniani' Doll : ■.]]-\ .liiK nil I i'endiiliiiii I , .■^w in'' I , Hond \(i. ,".l'.l l!f I) i;;h tsm i:n I i;{ r,\ :i(i ;ini 17- :{ ) i:; .'.I i:; Mean I! I.') I lent .\ii ."(_'N Arc mm. 1-2 0-7 14-.") I'fessuii mm. 2!)() 27() I) im .).)s •• io' :5m 10s I 21 l.l II :i 12 1) 21 IS 2.S Mciui ;i U Tempeiatin'e 17-2r) 111 ."lOd Note.- The finiiifs in r|iinlritiiin iiKirk.", 11- " I'l ' aliiivc, ,irr thi' '■vrii iiiinutfs of tlio otisrrviug chronomi'ters. S|()(»7 ■_' 'tnii- "f til'' h.i'k rlirimniiT'f cr at tli'^ 214 rl IIMi \,hi\- III im. lliiMINUiN iill^l.H\ \|iil(^ III I M;\IIN \ I hiN 111 1 111- II |i 1 1. NTS. \- llii ( ;iii,iill.iM |iiliililli|ln- \M|r hi;ii|i' :il \\ :i~li iliul i Hi illiilrr llic ~ii|Mi\i>i( III' I lir ( 11,1 -I ami ( ■null! T Mii\ r\ , a In I a- a icplira iit I hi' \\ a-liiiiKlnM apparatii till' Ic'-llll- III' llir lAlirninc-li' - With llir latter Inf llic' i li 't cl'lll llial lull ill' tl riirlliriiill- IrlallllL: In 1 1 '11 1 1 iria 1 1 1 1 r , a t IIH i-| ll |i lie iic:i-lt\ alni 111 'xil li li I \ 111' ~U|)|ll) WrVr ntlll/nl liM l||i ('aiiailiali |irniillli|ln- 'llir ir^llll- III' till' \\a-llinut( iili-ii\ at iiiii- will III '^IM II I III till |iiii pii-i', piiiiiiihilii I'll \\a- il^rd :i- a ^iMliilal til I litniiiaii ihi rati' nl llir rhiiiiiniiirlcf. liriMii -wiiti;! ill all ai I iipiliinii iidiii tltiili llliil'iiflll rii.lilll |M|I-. wlllIc A I, A.">, A'i uric -I|ITC~-|\ riy -Ulllli; tlllilrr l!:!' \afiiH riiliilit Hill- ili-iivil tu l.r in\ I -I iiiatril, ^i 1 1 1 1 ll I aiiri M I- -wiim- WcIT mail' uitli ll |irtii|illiiiii-. ii-iii',z 'III' -Mini' rlifiiiiuiniiif III iipiTali- lintli lla-li appafalil-c^ 1 1 1 11 an- lit -iiMal ik . I rr t rical rmiiirct imi- Tlie t iiic pi ■noil of i? I licit III known. 1 1 ilirtrlinrc liil W ri'll I 111- :i In I I In ■ i il >-rl\ ri I prlloil lllll-t I ir ill If to rat c of cliroiiotnct (• whti'li iii.i\ tliirrfoir 111' roinpiiicil for cai'li -wiiiij;. anil tlic n-iilt iiiu; rair corrccliii a[iplii'ii III tl I i-ri'\ at ion- with ,\, Tlii- >plrinli(l liictlioii of ilrtcrniillil pi'iiiliihiiii nil llniiiil- \\a- lir-t ii-nl liy .\iiy. ami li.-i- iiniir recently liccn employe 1 ly \ on .^Icrncck. TEMl'LltA n UL; I UliKUl IKM.* \t i.urt rKMI'MlMI UK. .\T llli.ll Tl.SU'l.ln 11 UK. ! 1 )ll I Kltl..M l.> I'llnlllilllll Ini'll'M-r iif IVriiHl iror- 1 IVricMl (i-or- perioti for l 'It iii|' ri'i'li-*! 4'xrrpt 'ri'iiip ' icctcfl rxcrpt | Tcinp I'crio., i inrrciu'f' of (' [ for iPlIiprr:i- <■ for trmpi-ra- ('. | teliipiTiitii! r I Inn iiiri" \41) \.-il) \.-,|{ \til) .vr.|{ 7 .'i*^ ■.IHMl'.l', -",• 11 .■iiKt!i:;('it'i ■Jl^:i aHMKIiHMI IKMNNItlJ 7 '.*;* .Miii^l7l -"1 (1 .".iiii'.i:)77 JI IS (HK>0(in:i l'(HKH)4'J(l s 'J 7 .■.IHII.7.'.^ -"1 :>:; .",IKI7l'.ll JI IKl IMNNtSSl'i IMKKHirjl s .'i7 .■|KMi7l'iH LVM'.I ,'i(Mi7ii:i(> Jii lij (KHKISI'.J IKMKHMls N ItJ .'•(HHiU.'. .'7 'J7 ■.■■i(KI7l'l-' IS :i.-, l)(KK)7li7 IKMKXMls !i 17 .MHllrlJS ji; 'ii .".(KI7IS7 17 77 M, lHHH)7."i.l ;lli (K)0004'J7 IKHKMIlt'.l The tnc'in of the values, (T (lil!ll)()4l'.l. is iidojitcd as ilic toniiXTaturc coctliciei for I lie t lircc pcmluliim-. • I rill.-.l SUil.K ( ii.-l'.-t aliil I .rivlrflc SillM-v r.nnn IVH Vi.ii.n.l.v 1 i.ii \\ I n 11 appMiMlil-. llinn 111' llii' \ 111 >UIl|llllI W M~lllliHl(ll, - ;i ^tiimlaril ; 1. 1(1111 iiiidi'C ■ t iic \ Mriiiii- idi uiili I lie iaralii~('- li\ U kiKiU 11, I lie •lirdiKitiii'tci', If ciirrccl iciii ilrtrl'inillilli: I'll rtll|ilii\rMl piTKiil for 1 IIirria.-T nf leilip* Tilllllr •iMHHKUIJ •(>(KKI(I42II •fKHKXirjl (H10(l(m^ ■OOtKKMls •00000427 ■ (tfHXMlll'.l re coctticirnt \l I.OM I'U»>-.I HK l'l(^>-l liK ( iiKllH rKNT \ I Ili'.H I'll) --I ttv liirrtHKM K». I'l-llilultllll I'ri'K.iiri' I'ithkI lor- l'ri-»iiif ("iriixl cjir- riilm-iil r.Ttiil i-xiTpt icliircl riitiil i-\,;-f,t i l'r..,«iif,. to OH'. I for pmwure. I toO°C. , for priMurn. I INtkhI IlK-rrii-*!' (,f IMTKwl f.tr I mm. unTr;i?« of prcMMiirr :lt IIH" I mm .■ilKHilipl llllll 'll •, Ml, I SS I II N H H I' 1 1 "I II l»NKBI.S;i \I.,,n nmHIiiiilii.l IKIINIIIiiil'i'i OrNHMMMIll Thr |ilT,"l|rr rnlivnidli m thr licmlll m miiIhiim I (,| f;il milllliicl iv- |irc.>.>ur(', 'll'' ai|ip|iiri| .~iaii l;iri|, i- i licnl'uiv ( IIIIIIIMMIHII (Ki - , oi, ,,,.,, /'/■ i- the pn-- HIT irailiiiu.- and 7' i- ilir irin|iiTai iirc Ih.rii,; rn,j!ir,i>,t, 'I'll,. Iiuii/.,nial i-iiiii|ii)iiciil ul' ihc loivc arliiio nil the knili-rdor llinilioh llir >uiho;illK prriillllmil cail-r... Ilic Mippiirl 1,1 ,,|,,v(. in luiivnti ""'' I'"' pi iiduliiiii, and I hnvfuiv atTcci- the pci'iiid rnirlit i> (■;dlcd the flc\;nv (if the pcndullllli .^Uppiirl. I III' niiivcnicni nr displaccnicnt iv ;,ii cNcccdiiiKlv iiunulc quaniilv. Several :iHtlHid~ have lieen devised to niea.-uie it. Mieh a> ii, Mi i[i Mioiion li.\ the (iseillatidu iif the Mi|ip(irl under the influence of the H.aiidard pendiiiuni; and liy tiie static nietluid which lias lieen u.>ed until recently. In ihe -latic tnethiid a Imrizdntal pull (if I.") kilonraiiinies was applied at the 111 ifiht (if the knife-edjie, and the resulting displaceineiit ineasured by means uf a -cale and microscdpe. Hut in none of these iiietliods was the actual di.spjace- iiicnt of the support due to the swintjiuu pendulum measured. There were certain \cry doulitful as.sumptidiis made in the static method, and to av:>id these Mr. •Ii'lin I'. IIa\f(ird. fdrnierly of the Iiiitivl States Coast and Ceodetic Siuvey, pi'opox'd the plan of usinu the interteromeler to mea.Mire t he ali-ohite displacement o| the support diK' to the oscillatinii' pendulum, and to determine the elTect of the •I nilivl Si;;tf.,, ( ',,:,-| iiU'l (l.iuii Ih .>l|rVr\ |r|i.i|i, |S'.ll \ 1 1| ..-H. | ! \ | 2IU IM lll.K \IIiiS> 111' I III'; DiiMINKiN uHM:I!\ Aioin'. (li-lilarniiciil iipiui ilic pcriiiil i'\ ilir pcinlnluni. Mi-. W. II. Hiir.urr of ilic < 'mi- mill (Iciidciii' .^iii\r\ "-lalT iii,'i(lr ilic (ili-rr\ :iii(iii> tor llcMirc with the inicrl'ci'i liii'tiT. :ili'l llic inrlliiiil lir iiiiploNiil will lir iiivrii, :i~ ilcscril n'lj liy Mr. lilU'm'T i III- report .* "Ill (Icicriiiiniiii: ilic rurtlii'ii'iii lii III 'Ml re III' I III' >iippiirt in irnii- ol" llic peril lit the pi'liilulilin. .-iiiiiihaneiiu.- -\\iiii:> >>{ two ililTereiit peii(lillillii- were oliM'rvei t lie pel'iiiil 111' car 1 1 lirilii; ilet erniilieil li\ llsiii!i the >;mie t\\(i clirdlliiinet (TS tii opera lioili ila~li apparatiise-. The peiiiliihiiii- wc'e -wiiiiii nil separate pier.<. ai iimlel- neaiiv iileiitieal eiiniiil ion- exrept lor llexure. ' )ne peinlull.ill \\a> kl'l -w iiisiiiiij: a> a stamlal'il with im eliaiiiie of eoiKlit inn, while tlie other was sw ill under eonslant eonililion- e\ei'pt lo,' the \aryiny: llesihiliiy nt' the support. Tl ,\ ork was (li\ iileil into '■ run- . eaeh run heinsi iinlepeiuieiit as far as ol)sei-\ atim were eoiieeriieil. The peiiiluhini- were -wuim in iioniinall.\" eiiiht-hoiir perioil with no renewal of peMduhini-, eaeh run lieiiiiiiiin!i and enilin,ii with a time si When all eori'eetion- had heeii applied to the period of the standard peiidilhll the lli'Miie lieiiiii eoiislaiil t hioimlii ii It the run. the \ariatioii from I he mean peril of the run shown li\ the indixidual -wiiiiis was a-sunied lo lie due to the \ariatii of the eiiriiiiometer fni- the p, .ioil- eiiMreil l)\ the iiidividuai swiiijis ;ind whate\er small oh-erx at ional error- miiihl lie pre-eiit. .\s the |ieilod of the olh pendulum wa- appro\iiii.'itel\ die pei'iod of the -landard pendulum, it w as-unied that it- indixidual period- had the -ame eorreetions due to rate ;:s t eorre-poiidiim piiiod- of the -taiidard pendulum ■'When these eiirieel inli- had lieeil applied to the sW illli- of t he lieildului haxiiiii \ar\iiiii lle\ure. it wa- found that the periods oliiained for the \ario -winu's dil'fered. It was a-sumed that this \arialion was eaiised hy ihe xariiitii ill lleMii'e eoiidii ion-, and that the elianiie in period was proportional to I di-plaeeliielil of the -iippoil. and tin refore piojiort ioiiai In the lle.Kure as e\|iress ill terms of friiijie width. "The lollowiiii; piduramiiie wa- u I: "ijiiii .\ : I'endulum A I under -tandard eondition-, and 151 under siaiida roiidition except for ehani:es of !|e\uie eo'iditinns, a- follows; swiims 1 and -mall 111 AUie; •! and ! I;iil:i' llexure; .") and tl medium lle\ure. •I iiiiol M:ilc- I i«M ;iiiil (irmlinc Siirvc'v ii'i'nri. I'.illi, \;i|Hii.iix I'l. (.!( W I I V 111' llic ('()M('r\ I'll, •rs tu upci'ali' ' pirrs, anil ill \\a> kcpl r was >\viiim ippiirt. Till' iil)<('r\ atiiins mill' pri'iuiN. I a linir srI. i| pi'Milillilin. niran piiioil t lir \ariation injis ami in I uf the ollirr luui. ii was I ratr as t lir r iii'nilulunis • llir \arinus I he \ ariatiiin iiinal In ilii' • as i'\|)n'ss('(l (Irr -! iiiilai'ii iniz-- 1 ami ..' "l{un 15: Sainr as run A, fxccpt \'>\ iimlcr -laiiilai'il rnnililinn^ ami A I iimiiT \ai\inii ripmiiliiins iil' llr\iirr. "liun ( ': l.ikr I'Ull A. \\\\\\ .\'> in pla rr nl \ 1 .iml I',,") in plarr uf i; I. " 'i'lir fulliiw inji air I lie ir\i M.I. ii i;\i i(K. I MIM ll 1 JiKIl l(t.N»i: I lll>l I.TS. r.Tlu,l ,■,„- i I I'lTM..! .nl- : MfXlirf. I 111 hti i\ii pt iliMlIiV I Iiiliil I \i i|i! I'li'Mllr I'lTinii. fur liiAiiii-. i I'm- llrMiiv i lU Krinirf II III 1 1 I IS II 07 0(IS.{ II l)i'> (ML* I) (Mi 0(»S0 II IHI :,(iiiMKii,i .'iimisit: ."ll KIM HI' I ..VHWiiri ,MKIs|(l'i ■.".(KISIIH) •.■|(H),S1U .")00840« .'iiHMin;;.; 0!HJ !'riiii:i- tl .1711 ■CO II •'-'-' II ;iL'2 II ■jii II J, A .■iiHisliir, ,'iimsl;;s I'linci' 11 _'>7 IKHKHHil .■HKtSlliS ."ilHUilil'i :iii(iiiij7J 0-212 'iMKMN)::'.' 01 1 J I.! Ill 71 ll l.|:li-r uf l.l.l,l..l. ■01 I' - 1 ;;2iii 71 ll phi if piii.iil. 01 I 1 ,-,11111 7tll plan- uf piriiiil ."IHKitlM."! 27 .".iKHirilV.' II ISO I lt(KKMI27 ■lioiill- uciiilitcil arriinlinfi' In tlir ilit'i'ii'ciirr in llrxiiri' iii\-c fur a lin.al inraii '> n| I' I Tdin t lie si'\ null plan' of liir pci'iiid," Tlii-- wa-- ailoplril as tiic tli'Mirr focfii-'ii'lil fol' llir two srl^ nf priiiluliini^. anil as the ( 'anailian prmluliuns arr noarly idmliral in con-i nirt ion anil inoiinliny.-. it is assinncii 1 70 in -.Arnth plan' of ihr pnioil i> ilio liiAiiir I'oi'ttirii'iir. 21S ri iii.h \iiu\- Ml iiii: iMi\ii\i(jN (iH>i;ii\ \iiji:v. HAIIN(. (11- ( IlldiMiMKI KliS. Tu all I he ^lai ii>ii< ('\cr|ii W a^liiimlon. cluck -ijiiials ucic ^<'iil riuin I he -laiuiai clock at ilic I )niiiiniiiii ( ll)-ci\ aini y . and I'ccordi i| (Ml a cliroiidiirapli sheet t'l cnni|iariMiii with ilir cIii'dikhiicIcI'- ii-c(| in the |)ciii|iiiuni i)li-cr\"atiiMi>. SiLiiia uci'c sent (ince a ila> tu Maiiiwaki. Kinnstoii ami lv..iief\ al. and twice a 'la t(i all the (Pihei- -tatimi-. When iili-ei-\ ini: iii Hiiawa the I'ieller sideieal clue w a- Used in all I he er\ at idi well' made til diiellnine the tale- nf the clili ilKiniii er~. in W a--liiny:li)n. eac pendnhini \\a- -Ulinii lielween time ~ii~, hence the \:due- 111' I he peiiiid- 111' ll dilTei'ent | lendiilimi- ate entifclv independent nl one aniitiie;-. The nmin ^ifina I fdln t he I liiled Stale> .\a\ aM lliseiA aliil\ weic al-n ii>ed In lale I he chl'unnmeter I'lif the ,\la\ iili-er\ alions in W ashiniiton. the niinn ^iiinal- ainne were iisei The \a\al < Mi-eiv atufv i~-nes at the end nl each tnniith a talile nl cm reel im tu the time 1)1' the nimn -iiiliaN till' each daw lieliiw I'lilliiw lalilc- III' chliilicimetef ciinipai'i-ntis. the deduced dailx I'ate and the ciiiiect iiin~ tn tlie peiiiiiU n! the pendlllinn-- due til cluck late--. Wilt a ^tandald -ideleal cluck ~lleh a- thi' liieller ny the lliiwaid 111' the |)(iminiii Oli~ei\atiii\ . whii-e rale is acciiiately knnwn I'ldin (i!iser\ alion. is ii~ed I'm' con pai'i-iin 111- tor -eiidint; time sijiiials. the acciuacv ul' pendiilimi delei-miiialiuns jireaier than when -laf uli-efxatiuns ari' taken. .\n\' eri-iirs in the nliservat in till' rate 111' the -'aiidafd (dock lari:el\ di-uppear when I he rale lor a pefiod i time i> deduced, \v heiea- in held oliseiAat ion- anv error in the liiiie (iliser\ at ior mii-t enter dinctlx into the pendulum pefiod. .\n eiror of (I' ()."> in a tin determination i- not imcommon. and that ^ivesaii error ol IT l)(l(M)l((i:i in ll pendulum period. ■^ ^^^M (.KAMI V 210 I he -laiiilaitl ill slicct lor IIS. Siiiiials Iwicc a ila\' (Irrral cluck iili>('r\ at inns injiloli, each 'v'unU lit' the iioKii ^ijiiial> iriinniiictcrs. were ll.-riL col reel idlis ( lllaiNuMK'IKIi KMl.S IlidM (lUSLIIS vIlnNs \M> UMiHIl) ( HKI! I.CTK iNS hi I'l.NDI I.IM ri:i!liii) U^i-liiiii: ( 'iii'(.\.i\ii 11 11 |^_>.1 ( ■iii:,,N,,Mi 11. u C'iMi'.ua.-(i.\. Sirllliili, n;il A7- I Diiily I Si:! rate. rate (KT ihly IMl mil. h. m.i «. s. h I, I I M:ir I'll; 7 .''I'.'il W\ II 7.".l ::o IJ IJ .'.7 7.-.i; IJ 17 I 1111 II i;j.; 1 .\|)r. 1, !.". Ill 111. Iiii. I I iitii II 1117 1 ■».■>:( :il s (Ki7:i :!ii7 s i:i r,{ '.C s ll ihi imi I , I : , I I 1. - h Ill -;. I'.i 77 ^ 1 1 (HI IMI .*'_* ! II 1 IJ l^ IH) IMI r. :7 tio Hi 7 HI I'l \, \: W>: ;i:i.-. J7; :.':>s ijaily I'ali'^. lie-. U'llCII r I )iilllilliii!l -cij I'lir ciiiii- iiiiiiatiiMis is iilisiT\ at ion a pciioil ol' oliscr\ alioMs Ct ill a time iiiDii:; ill iiie ciiijiiMiMi i'l:!! i,'\Ti;s :iai\i mhix .-k.wi.s wn iiKinci i) ( iii;i;ri iiiin- n I'lAiii I r.M ri;i!iiii) ill! ! 1 [ ■ < ''il:RI ( Tlu\~ I Xooii DiK.i- Diir, of 1 (■|iiM\..Mi.ii:ii io7iii ii.vi ^i^'ll:llS ; rllrr l,,r -i.l.iv.il |),ul,\ ('n\l|.vlllS<).N-. | U.I, D.ljK (.1- 11. HI.. h. I):it.' on „ii,. til, I.- ii.t.' ,|a,l\ i:,t.. .lir.iiiunii'l.T !riMiiil.'ii'.l iii'iuiiii |s_':i r;it,.. IMI ls-'.i ita>- ■ II. ..in- Isj:: j 1JS4I. Isj:; Isll 1!U4 \V;,.|llimt,iIiM;,, .'7 " L'.SJ •■ :iO •• :il .M„-. , ll. Ill .' ii7 .'II II 2 11 i:i:t()i .' Is .".s !!_> J .'.' .M :;i J Jii 1.! 7H •J :;ii :;i'i.:ti 2 :U 2s. 71 ?<. III. s. ■". I .; .vj i.i,"i| ;i ."iii.,")ti :i hiki :! .">■.'• 7.>< :! ."iCi-.V) :t-77()j :; .v.' :i!i ;( .-)ti .->-, 4.14!t; .! .VJ t.-, :i .->()..-).-. l-OH'tl ;; .'il: ."i.'. :> ."iii ."ii I ikhi .1 .V.' 10' :i ."iii .Vi' ti:;!) 111. s. I: ii'i .".II :;'! 1. IJ .".I JII 1. nil .".J .'ll I. Jl .Vil;; ll J- .'•:'. ss I. :a .".1 J7 1. III. Ill IHI 1.; IMI III IHI J.', mi J'l IKI :;j IHI .i."i (i(l II MIS II ."isl 11 71s i|.:ls!i II Js|l Ills; -Ml J.-jli i 111 21 ul. lUK IJOMIMIIN liU.-^t;ii\ AlOlU. llllt(lNUMi;Ti;U CllMrAUlSdN.-^ AM) |)|.|)iri:il CnliKI-.C'l HiNS I'd I'KNDM.I M 1'I:K1(iI) Station C'HIloNDMt.rKK ('iiMI\IH.-uN> Diitp. mil Apr. ir. 1 1 ir> lU.l.AriM, UATKS l*;i 44 UU ■>:i 47 (K) liM-11,1- H lo l{ N t(. H ll. Ill s 2:t 4a •-'«■«) j:; Hi :.-: 'My -J il'.«! -O'iMli 7 I'l IKI 7 I'.i Jli aiii 7 Jl mi 7 Jl .".J :iO| l)\U.\ ll.Ul> ('(lUllKCTIDNr TO 7t!I IM..\lh OF PERIOD HipfliT iionil NVteiw HmhI III; I 1 II. (HI 1 1 1.', JS 11 lii.ll is m, I 1 17 .".I 711 itij. i-jii 111 IKI J.; u.; .'7 :;:; nv'j:! II.-, (HI j.i III ."lO 7:; -:', ■-'Ml! -2II7: _' 'is:)' -L'li4<» -■j-siii'; -■.'.7i: i; .',7 IKI r, .Mi LMi-au I) .•,7 IHI I. .■|il \'\HV J jl:i HI IKI. i;; :i'.i j.". 7ii i:j 41 (K)' I I'i 111 I'l Jii . .''.' :m (H)! •_'■_' .'is J I lis ■j-j :,<.> IKI J.' ."iS is-iiL' li 1^ IHI 1. 17 .'l-O'i - ■-' 111. ■-•■•JM -(••21S -0 21X -0 21.S -0-21S -2:!11 -.•i-.')07 • I ■ lo; -2 -"JO NrUll' -i:!4 -203 -l::: -:i.20|i -2 sii7 -isti -liii -:i oso 7121 -2 2:!',i! -0 21s -2 IKiO (i is IKI r, 17 17..Vil -2:iin -2 :121 -I '.1:14! -0 2IS -0.21S •oS-J -2 .'.4: I 1 II IKI 1 1 1:! 2340, Is I I |-, IKI 11 11 Hi' 7s: -2'.i:j:i ■2 4<.1,J ■.'> iNI IH 18 7 17 IX) 7 17 IKI 2:i 27 4liir) 7 I(> 22-20! 7 Hi |."i :i'.i ■:i!>4 -i:i!<2 2 111 1 :ui 1 1 1 I IKI 11 1:; 21 ■S2 14 l.''i 00' 11 I I It tW JJ mi IKI 22 ii."i JO -III 22 IIS Oil 22 117 11- 1'. Ill .Vi (Kl ' ij .")! 21)1)0 6 .">« 00! 11 .").-i 4.-i.;i7 1 1 21 mi! I I I'l l'».'2.")l 1 1 211 mi 1 1 I'l 12-71' I 7:1:1 -2-77li -2 04.-ii -2 17; -2 112 -2 »2: I '.His -:i 12s -0 21K -0-21.S -0 21s -(I 21i< -0-21S -2 012 -2 Ii2<.i -O.'ia -2 2ri;t -2 :«io ■l-WH) -i-:.3o -2 994 2- Oil.") -1711 n -i;iO -1471 - 11: -11:! -1:1 -l.-il - < -152 - > -li:i -i:ii -2-04rii -i;r 2|s -2 isci -ii-Me -12; -1, liUAvn V. 221 il I'KKldl)^ CIIIiONOMI'.riOK COMl'AlilSoNs AM) I )i:i )1 Ci:!) ( (i|U!i:(TI(iNS ni riONDl l.l .M ("<1HH1.( TI(IN> TO 7t!I ri.Ai k or PERIOD UoikI Nritii" -i:!4 -203 -ISO ■ 17'.i -ir>G - \M -W ■\x\ -Ilifi -17(» -Wi ■ 12:1 -li:t -1:12 -\:a\ - !).i io 04 '.».■> - \ifl -ii;t -i;!i 4:1! -13: i4« -127 -211 -171 -l.V. ■iiriticiii Pato ; ' I CoKRErTKlN^' Chhomimktkii CiiMiMii-iiN- Kki \iivi: iimk- Dmh mri- to 7th im.ac i Bond Nppis j liii'llir I B t.i I! (IllilW.l, 1914 li in s I li m. a 2:i 43 (to I Apr. 20 1 ., ._,„ 23 44 (»0 " 2(1| 20i i\ ;!S 00 20 2nll4 3:1 00 h. m. 23 4J 17 111 23 13 II HI li 30 (K) t> 3.". 17 111 ! li 37 11 n 30 00 .. .,4 " 24 14 33 (10 '* 25 *' 2.1 23 2;-. 00 •' 2-> 7 M OU " 27 " 27 1 22 (H) ■7 .">2 (X) 27 " 27 14 25 00 " 28 " 28 23 32 00 " 28 " 28 2 21 00 " 28 " 28 t 24 no 28 " 28 ir. 25 00 23 20 00 14 32 'K) 23 ni 1.V31 23 2(1 3!i-7(» (1 27 I .-I 23 (i ■1\> 12 I 11 31 11 73 1 1 3J IJ (17 i3 21 (HI -.'3 L'3 II 3S i 23 24 11 11 7 4!l (H) 7 is II IN 7 III III 11: 1 21 00 m 00 14 24 IK) 23 31 (K) 2 22 00 -1()2S -1 7SI 1 3',i7 1 20 41 80 1 21 IW72 4',i 41 ■■-3; ."il O'.l I'.i! 14 23 40- 7(1 i 14 24 (IS47| ■038 23 00 15 24 00 23 311 41) 22 23 31 117-41 2 21 40 1)4 2 2(1 07 1 7 22 30 SI 7 23 (X; 01 l.'i 23 30 45 15 21 I).-) 73 -2 7(« -2-424 -2 G3.- N ((. It 510 -1-1I3() -3-455 I I Uirftcr ! lidiiil Nci;iis -0 218 -0 2IS -0 21s -0 U4,s -3 17 -2 (il3 1 840 -2-154 3-073 OF CI^IUIUII Bond -1S4 •1(K Nuffiis 1 n5N| 1 7IH1| -108 -0 2l.s! -2 004! -I lillil -III) -0 .'7(11 -0 2IS -2 llOi -0 21.S -1 015i -0-7SS -2 328 -1 (i08 .Vll - 1 - IIXI -I 078 -0 21N1 -2 8501 - 1 820; -100 -O-'.'lSi -3-(K)8 -0 218 -0 21s -1-710 -171 -2-042 -2 S.-);) -1 318 • 1 -2(H> -158 -125 -213 40 - lOil -153! - 711 -10.- -2-571! -0-(t48| -0-21.S -2 7MI -1 lii(;| -ll'.2 08 222 laULll .VU^)^.>^ ol Till. UOMI.NlUN i lUSKIiV AH >!( V, ClIIMNtiMKri-.l! (.uMI'AliiMiNS AM) l)l.l)l(l.l< ((iliHW Til 'NS 111 I'lA IHI.l \1 I'l.KKll) Cinrlu.U.i St.'Uiun Uat.' 1011 Apr 2!l :.'y " Ja 2!l| ClIlloN.iMKTlJt CiiMI'VlllS'iN^ lin.MIM IIATESI Holl.l N.-i:u- 1). Ill, ^ li in :< i Ii III ' I Jt !■■■ IHl Jl l."i :i'.l HI; 2\ 17 IKI -I li' 0-1 T.s; 1 iir. IKI 1 ii:, .'I'.i IIS H lo K ! N to H 1 (17 mi I III. Ill 7:i' I Ctiiua t I ii.\s |)\ii 1 liwi - in Till I'l.M y. \>V FKKIuli Kii'iliT tiMi \ Tiltl -0-21S Himil I N'eiius I, 17 i*\ i> II •m 4X (H) •2(1 jl3 :i4 IX) ■Ay.\ :iO (K)i ■.w\ ■MS.\ »l> IHl 2:1 :w (X) :«» ltd 30 :!U •• ;!0 ;«) :«i :«» May 1 1 21 IK) 6 M 0() I. 17 111 1" i:f :« ;«i:)0| i;i :!,-. i):is.")| I 2;i ;(>> ;i»-'.7 2:t :«) i«()2| -1 IHl -I 4«3 -I'.tTH -4 -.(M 40 (K) 1.-) J.i 1)11 20 iKi II 1^1 :!i -".n (I _'(i II.; IKI (1 ."i4 IKI, Ii "1.: :U(i'.i I. ,".:; 112 :!',i 7 4S IK), 7 17 :il III! i 7 1.'. ii2-2'i. - 2 2.!.'il - I I'.IS 489 24 Ul 00 17) 22 IHl l,'i .M .i:MiH |-, J J III ■:.()' -1 174 -021s -0 21K -0-21S -0 21s Homl I Niyiis III! - I ll,"iS _o.21H 2:1 r>9 00 -1 (UK ■21. -19 2 19: ■2-4r).'! -2 70; -2 (MU 2:i :.s :;:i :ii 24 (X) 00 02: -4 9'22 -4 71 -4 Si; -1 710 -l:i92 -2s;t) -271 -14-. -I.V si i.u.w irv 223 Ni'ttiis -2S(i -Km s\ DEDrCED RATE OK CHKONUMETEH ISJii I linM Noon sKINAI.S NiiiiN Si.,\M~ i,s CiiEiMSirMirKii IsJ:! DifllT- UifflT- I MICI- onrc for | siiii real one j time stundani bctwwn May 6. I May 7. • May S, i May !l [ May 10. ! M:.v II, M:n I.' ' iImv ' noons Wa-lilMKlon 14:10 13-28 l-'-29 II Is -02 07-57 00-S6 0o-57 (M-r>5 IH-ti2 IS 41 12-41 11-43 10-40 0*1-4: II 'Jl II 72i 0o-72| 04 74 03- 02 74 II 91 1 1 2.) II 34 0 23 :i4 .M "4 U4 02-62 Oo 23 ■i-S-2b .■|4 I'J 47-22 .VJ m 40-20 .")2 19 45-21 ■)1 111 44- IS 58-26 57-42 27-51 57 -.56 51 04 50 19 20 29 .50-36 20 46 23 23 22-22 21 22 20-1111 •"i0-29 3 .53 -2S -28 •28 •28 3 .53-28 3 ,53-29 31 •31 31 •32 •32 Italr (.laily. 1.S23. 3 .5()-.56 3 271 3 .53-31 3 ,53-32 -31 ;«» -29 3 .VI-.56 3 .53 305 ,53-03 -03 -04 -02 ■m 16-38 15 37 14-37 13-34 43 43 i .5:{-028 3 .52-78 -7 -78 -80 -79 3 .56 5.^ 3 .56 -.56 3 .52-784] 3 .56 .".lij ! .53-151 -15! ■'•"', -15. -141 3 241 3 237 3-522 3 53-1481 3 ,56-56 ■102 224 I'l 1,1.1. \T|(>\^ nl im: |)0\!l\|(i\ nH.-^KUVAKJlU. ,,„„,^u^n.■,■,:„ .oMrAiusoNs am. i.KUivuu a.uuLcnuNs m .M.Ni.ii.iM .•k.mu,. Wj-luhUl.iM - — i i ( iiKiit;! lli.N- lo ClIllilNciMKTEH ( ■..MIMKISONS Itl'lu- live Dah.i 1 7lll IM. PER M K ill Dnte iluily riilp - 1914 IMl li. m. :<. I*. Ii II. :! H. I82:i IMl \s2.; istl " ». M;i> r J 1.; 0(1 iHi _' 1 1 7 7Ut 0!m •■? .271 :i S.V.I I'M) •224 7 _• 17 IHI (Kl J 17 In :;ii:i 1 WIT :; 241 4:5:iH ls^ "."■* " 8 ■_' ,M IK) (»1 - ''1 I'.l lii:< ; Mf :i 237 ;ir.53 ISt^ 2m i '. 2 .-,.•) 0()0() -' .'■'' lit 7-H II JOi it .'('J'J :i-82i 2(W 222 " III J '■'> IHI IKJ -* ■"■'' J(l 1120 (CiO :i 7ti( :!sit' 1 21S| 221 1 " 1 :; ii:; mi iK», .; li:l ■-'11 070 1 III ;i »(L I U'. I'.t 1 2.'ili 1 :; 117 mi m 1 :; 117 Jl O'.KI 1 1 I.I(A\ I IV 225 ( llliM\ii\ll,ll,l! (iiMl'M(IS(i\> \\|) 1)1 1)1 li;i) ((inKKC'IKiNS ru INADI l.l \1 li.Klnl) 1S4I •-•24 2tNi 'J22 22t 2.VJ niiiwM, lint Uutt' ( imuMINU.II.k C'oMPARlaONIt RiffliT Ml 1). Ml. I- li IT li'MI.l li.l.l- livo (liiily IMir It U, It llMl.l liMl- * (Ifil't.f I HIN-, IM 7ni fi.Ai h ur raaioD I'.i 22 4K 13 o:) l2-2!l! 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' Hki.ath*; C«)MrAiii>"N "I' •■"l:"^"^|^ ""~ i'^ii'' 1!mi> I ('imnKi'iM^- I)MH Umk- ii'> Tim I'l v i ,„ I'l KIM,, WiiMlaor, ( till |)„t H,,i„l P, 111 lii'llii II I,' I! , I! I) I,, y, Ki.ll.r H,,ii.| II' III j liiiiiil ! "'■'" -r 1114 I h. 1,1 I) II, ■», h. m. 9. ' Aui!. 27 1- II I Mill 1^ II m .'- I l'.> 4S J'.l l.;j T2 4S m»i •j7 ' jii 111 i:, :iir-'(i U'< ihi .'7 .'II U ,;ii |i. -'II I- mi ■js \2 :;!i U) '.11 rj XI mi 2H ■ V2 I.". :VJ 1'' l.i 1'. iMi •>s I 'Jll .',^ 17 '.III -I' ■''• III! js jii .-,:i :;:M.-. -jii .-.:t (Ktj ■«» I rj M .tO'-Vi I.' -'11 i«i ■JO ' r.' '24 :!.'■■ :!Vi l- -i mi, I I I -:! li,n J (17- -:! -ridl -MM -ivi ,1111 ■.'•l;i:i -II ii'.i'.i -:; nil -n 7ii7 -IvJ -■J'Sfi'ii -(-'J-NoTi -It-IHIiti -•-' "Mil' -II liH 17 I -iM:^' +:t r>7ol -itiHKil -:i-.-.;{:fl +oi:i7l -M'>\ + •< IM.DI III! IN (11- iili^Kin \ I I'lNS. •I'll,, p,,,i,Klic linic a- ili'iniiiiiii'd Inmi the rdincidi'iur prrlml niiiM he ^.„,y,.,.U:\ for uir. icnpcraiun', |,n-un'. rate ami IIi-mut. Thr icdiicUni, in.i-t |„, ,„.j,l,. lo iiilmitcly Muail arr; tin Maiulani irnipci'alurr i- l.V ( \'IH i^railr; ,1„. Man.lanl il-'iiMtv ol' air in thr chanili.T i^ -laiidanl wa- Hom'Iv n'alizcl in -'arli .'Xiii'iin .'Ui . Tiii' mrn'rlinh f,„. WrKHvr wa< .let cnnincil cxpiTinu'iitally at il.r diftrn'iit -latioiis. Air rorr,,-lin„. Tin' initial ami tinal ^I'lni-arr- ol' ..scillat ion tnr cacii -win- ar,. fii'.cn on tli.' -rali' near tlic piiinl m' tlir pi'iuluimn. -rii" .'(.rn.i'ti.in tn ,,,,,1^,,.,, ,i„. timr i.|- iwcillation to wliat it u-ouhi ln' were ili- prmiuluin swinging in at. inlinitcly M.iall mit wa- runiimlcil i-y mran- m Uonia's lurinuia; .U»(.sin (

«'ini-arr. V ll.i' Imal Mini-an'. (.i: w I rv L';{.'. :iii(l li ilic i|iianiit\' Id lie .-iililcil t(i (/ o-i-illa! idii- ill (ir.lcr Id dlilaiii tlir hilliilirr llial Wdiild lia\c liccii liiailr in llir ,-aliir iiilciAal liail llir aic liccii iiiliiiilcl) -mall '!"iaii-ldiiiiinti ilii- cxiirc-^idii inio a runri'iidn Id ilir |iiiid.l. it lie inc- wiili a >iilticicnt ilriiriT df acciiracx when llir air i- -mall. .1 = I'M >iii 'v" + v^' I -sill i^r — s?M .i_' Idii -111 Idii -III v where /' i- llie iH'lidil dl' llie iK'iiiliiliini ill -eiNiiiil-, aliil .1 i- llie allldlliil Id lie -lllit racleil I'i'dlll llie |ierid(l lo leijliec Id iiiliiiilel\ -lliall ale. Ti iiijii niliiri ciiiri (lii,)! . I'acli period i- eiiireeleil I'di' llie i lilTei-enee lielweeii the mean temperallire !•! llie -winii and 1 ■"> ( 'eiil iiii'ade. add|ilei| a> a .-laiidai'd. Tlie leiiiperai lire cdeflieienl a- ilelermiiied aliiixe i- ir • (KKKlO 1 1!) for e:!eli dejiree ( eiil iiirade. The cdrreet inn Id lii" peiiiid i-. iherei'dre, \ \'> - T< 0' (lOOdO i I'.l , v.lieie 7' i- llie dl»er\ed Iem|ieiai .11.' in deoii'iv- ( 'eiil iiirade. I'lissiiri nil II (1(1111 , .\ii al l:id-pliei'ie deii-ily repre-eiiled li\ air al a lemperatiii'e dl' (I ( 'cut iiirade. and under a pres>iire oi liU millimetre- dt' mercurv. is laken as the standard, and peridd- are correeied I'nr the ditlVreiice hetween the conditidiis under which dhservalidiis are made and th.is standard. 'I"he reeei\-er is ah\a\s exliuiisted id a point -vhere tlie liensity therein iiearlx' approuelies the standard, so that this cdrreetion lakes the lorm ol' l'( ^ -OOMC)? '/■'• r = /, i(;o iImt where >' is me eorreetloli 111 -e<'()iids 'to he -uhtraeled jt' ohserscd density IS alK)\( the standard and added it' iieiow the standard'. /.' is the pres-ure cdetlicient. df xariatidii in period i'or ehaiiiic ol' 1 iniilimetre in pressure lat (I ('cnliKradeK /'/■ is the dhserNcd pres^i".' in iniliiinet"es of mercurw and T is the iiu^an t, nii)erature of swiiiii in deiiree- ( 'eiititirade The deiermiii- ation ot' /,' was described under determination of pressure cdcllicient . Its \ahie as determined is O" OOOOdOIOl . _':!(•. I'l i)!.ii \iii>\- III Mil i)ii\n\i.i\ I iii,-t' llir rhluiiiiinilcl' I'lii-- lli:i\ I ir :i|i|illr.| iuli\ inirlil l\ li\ llic |lirilll|l:i I) ir lllllllll i:,7 /,' /' wliriv I) 1^ lllr cnl IvcMiili In llcliml tn lie slilil l:iclci| il rliiiiliiiliM'li r i- l;;i iliilii;. .ili'l ii'lJiil if ln-i!iii , /i' i- tin- llilc n: llir liMilinliirlrl'. :iliil /' i^ :lic |ii'ii.ii| ii|' llic | irlM luil III I ill -rciiliiK l-'/i.niii nirn r/iiiii . In ni i~i-r\ iim IIiaiiii' ii\ inraii- nl llir inirrirnnnrirr, there i~ |ile-e||le( 1 llie Dliililelii (i| IiikIiiil; ||ii> -liil't, nl , I i~| iliiceliieli I ni llie I'liii'^e il'ii- III ill" (i-rill:ii inn dl' ihc |i.'iiili|liini. in ierin- nl' llie wiillli ul' line l'iinu,e. Tile |irinri|)le ill' iIm i 1 1 1 eri'en unci er i- -hnwn in \"\'S. -. . (.- rf 111 . ->. The lieiilil rrnln llie -iilll're iii' liiilil *' willi il> r;i\< ncnle |i:ir;ille| li\ ;i 1(11- I, -Irike^ llli l'e:ll ny -eeiini! -Ullaee 111 ihe |ihite. -. ami -I'l la 1:1 1 e~ . ■|iali 111 II lieim; lellicleil In llie |:..n" niii'lur. I', rellllli^ e\aell\ nil il- iiw || paili I liiiiiiiili <. anil ilien iliniiiLiii e in i wliere ii i< exaiiiineil hv a lele^enpe. 1. 'I'lie oilier |iall iine> ihrnimli llie plate. >. pas-e> thrnllnh the plate, c. ami i~ ivtleeieil li\ llie iiiirrnr. \i. return- mi il- path ilirnut;li c tn the pl.'ile. >. where il is rellecleil -n .1- In unite with the lir>t ra\' a.- tn pimhlee inlelieielire. The re-ult 1- a iiicr ilic prndiiliiiii make- cnniplrtc -wiii^ in i.iir-liall' a -ccdiid. ilir -lull ,,f iViiiuc- uill nccnr a- a liall-.<<'C()ii(l >liifl acni" the li^ld li i~ ilm inaiZliiliidc (if llii- liall-cvdiiil niii\cniciil which it i> dc~iivd v.i inca-uiv. 'I'hi- iii(.\ cnicni i~ a iiicaMiiv 111' the aniiiiinl ol' llcxmc in ihc pi'iidiiluni ra-c rau-c(| l,\ ihi' (i-cillaiiun (il tlir pi'HiiulllIll 'I'lir nirihod i'iiipli>\ nl In di'tiainiiii ihc llr\iiiv ai ilii' prnduhini sia'iun^ wa-^ 'n dh^nvf rlif width nl a tVinur in icrin- ol' ihi' ilivi-idii- ,it' '111' ><">lf in thr Irli'sciipi', and 'lien nl)-cr\r ihr aiiaiiint nf tl;c ^hiit or di^placi'incnl ni thr I'liimr-liand in iiTin- ut' thr -rair ili\i~i(iii~. 'i'lic M'l-unij (|iiaiiiit>- ilividi'd ii\ the lii-t will <• •>'' '111' intiTfi'i-oinciiT it is c-siMitiai that a inoiiochronial ic liiilit 1)1' used, a> it i> nrccssify to know tho \\a\ r-lcniil h. In -rlcrt in-- ;> locliroinatir liirht to ii-r willi li inlcrtVroini'trr ihc -ndiiiin lii:hi was chosm. as il (•iiiild vcfv easily lie ohiaineil liy the u-e of -ndinin ildulide and an aleoliul (lame. Il tlie friiiifcs siiift, or ate displaced one friime-widi h due to the motion ,.r ilw. ■...M.liilii.., ;< ; :i .i i. . . i.i. < •>.\s n iti.UN I iii\- "I I wr ii(i\ii\in\ (iH^i.iiv \ n iiM „„. ., ..l,:u,.r nl- ,|.,:UH us,..,, .!,.■ .1„..U -IvHr.l plan :„h1 .!.■ n„,Tu,- .„, ,!„. p.,nl„:, -'■ '--'- - "l-"^" '" ""' ""='' 1'^^"' '"■ ""■ '"^' '" ^""' ,■,,„„ >Ik,. n:i,„„ l.s .Inul.l. .1,:,. :,.„...„„, -u ,l,a. it .h- l-n.H, <'t -I,'' -av .,,■ |„|„ „M.,1 ,^ k„uu„ uv l,:,sr a „M':,„^ ..1 ,u,„p,>n„. -Ih' „H,Sr„H.,„ nl '" .,-|„. ,.av,-lr„..l, .,1 -.Inn,, li^l,> i^ p,-:,rlU':.lU «' > u.rvnu-. .uA ^UrVrU,V. ,, ,|,in ,„' ,lM,l:.n.„u.,. n, ,1„. Mi,,.,. l>v a„ a„,o„„. r,,^;:,! < "' "'n^,- .1,1,1, ,n.a>,~ a ,l,^,,lar,.„H..„ m ,!,<• ,,r,„l„l„n, ra^. „, H-l „nnn,. Tl„. lull,,.,,,. ,~ a >p,,-in„. -v-nl Mn,l ,.,„„|H,.a, >u„ ,„ ll,.' „„.aM„v„H.n> .,1' tl,.xu,v in ^Ur MA ,l.i»k>-uul. Ui.t- lUlh July. H>l-t). Sl'AII-AKt.-' \\ 111! II 'iK I IIIMiK Totiil Area ,i mm. I i,,„i US fiU () :i r> I 7 1 i:t 4 l:ft A B Diff. Ml 7-0 no :t u ,5-« 20 j .S-0 ;i 4 (>.4 2-4 ;i 60 30 MmKMKNT ,,F I'lllN'iK Diff. 4 :!0 :,» 4 M 0:111 ■ SO 1(11) I lOS 10 4 OO •JO s 10-4 40 60 3-2 60 4 4 •JO JO 4 .■.0 7-.5 n-.'-i 9-0 :)-o 6-4 I :!■■.; 00 i 30 70 30 Muiiii. 7 - .> 7- J si) Mi'im . I CO 3 14 30 3- J 30 3 2 30 3-20 3.'i 4-.5 3-."> .-.■4 4-3 3 5 .1 .". 1 0-3 0-.5 44 !■■ = |)l^|,l:ll■'■Illl•l,' per .■> nil, I ,if \i'- 4 1 4 O-O Oo I 0-.-. 3-2 1 3-7 0-0 6-.") 40 40 .") 00 .->4 10 40 -lO 2-0 2!l 1 O-O "■0 I 2-8 I 0-H 40 I 4-8 .-,0 ' .">H .-, I, SI) ; 30 .50 ;,.(l ■, II 4-0 , '> ■,A) \i II • 4-0 ; 5-0 ISO r.(l 'I J I Mean . 3-2 6 i 3-54 i i 0-8 0-8 0-86 35 10 .-.•9 0-9 00 10 f. , 11 7 1, 1 II 1 00 0-44 , N .') 2-80 X 13-' -- O.Vi o-:>t X 5 3 14 X 13'J0 = O'OtM. 0-80 X '> 3 '20 XJO-20 ^ II IHlfi 100 X ."■ 3- 5-1 X 19 30 = 0074 1 . ? -1 "'A (.lUMl V. _':;'. 1 1: ■ i'; Tlir ciiirrrlidii lor llfMllT l~ llic irirnli iil' (l.'id, • DC, | . hoik; ;iiii (1 1171, 1 ui. uiKi:, liiiiUi' ]»■!■ .') inilliincirc- of iiic, ( iintci ion i;.'. • 1 7(1. oi 1 1 in 1 ^i'\ cin h >l;n''' "' piTiod of liall-,-(To:iiK |)riiiliiliiiii. ' \\1M\I1U\ IN I.i:\(,T||^ M|- i'KNDri.IM- •''"''"I'l"!^ I -' :"i'l '■' «ii'' -\Miii;i iwicr. Iioih .'il \\a-lnn,uloii and ;ii '*"•■'"■' ■' "^'^ l"iiii'l 'li:ii llii' ivMih- from i.cndnlnin^ I ;inW :; niiivcd, ulnlr ilios,. from pcnduliun 2 -(ciiicd to he in rrror. Al-o. liciwcon ilir '"■~' ■■""I -I'l-nnd oliMrv:ilion^ ni nii:,\\;i. iicnduhun 2 clKinuvd i|v period from DoOl l(l|:i -rcond lo • .'.1)1 llldd M'cond, No ,i|i|,;ircni rcnxm i i il,i^ l;ii\iic clianuv c.-m he i:i\cn. imic" the prndiiliim had lirrn injured in ^'"I'lii''!!'- A carcfnl cxnininaiion of il,,- pcndiiiiiin and ilic ~iipporl failed ti> sl)ow any traee> of injur.x. and ii was deeided lo eon nee the fielil "'"'■'■ Al the first >tati. Diiriim the .seasoi! neither of these pendulums kept the sune length. .\i all the stations from Ottawa to .-^te. .Vime-de-Belleviie there was asirecmont lietwcen the two pendulums, I.ut on takiiij;- ohservalioiis at .\Iattawa it was iiiunediately notic'cd that the period- had ehaii-icd rehuively lo one another. Observations were continued at all the stations in northern Ontario, and after linishinii at i'ort .\rthur the iiendiilmns were l.roujiht to Ottawa and re-standardized. It was iuiiiid that the period of pendulum 1 for Ottawa had chan-icd fn.ni ()•.")() 1299:5 to ():)()];{2(;7 >econi|, and the period of pendulum ;! had chan.iied from (i:)(ll H.")7 to O-.lOlllOl second. The pendulums were then taken to Hose J'oint. where tii^ periods agreed with tlie new values a( Ottawa. However, on the journey from Hose Point to Wiiitl.y there was another chaiiiie. The stations. \\diitl)y. Woodstock and W itid.sor. were ol).serv(>(l and the ))enduluins were returned to Otlaw.a and ajiain stand.ai dj/er! l'etiil..liim ;{ >i-.iy l'.>.ii.,l k'-H .•• I....... .i.. : 1 1. -in.i/if •2\0 I'l 111. II V 1 i(i\-. Ill iiii; i)(i\ii\iii\ iiif^r.i,'\ \ ll'l;^ 1,. priHlnlmii 1 1i;hI ••Iimmuv,! fn-in n .■.(ii::-'t.7 i,, (i .-.iilH.'OS -.rniHl -(■ciiihI. wlllli' 1 'I'Im -(• i|i;||iiic~ III llli' Icnulli- 111 |irlHlllllllll- air \rl\ .|l-r ■cllillLC. :illl I il Ii;mI iiiii liiiii |i(i--inir III li:l\c irllllliril III -lain lanl/iil :liiMi. 'Ih' M-a-nii '• u lir lia !• I II III 1 1 a 111 I rc- irk wiMiiil iiavi' lirrii ~riliiil-l\ lin|iaiiril. iwrxrr. a II ihr -'atimi- liaxr a lii' in 'In' lia-i' pmni ii I Miawa. Wliai liaiipriicil 111 ihr pniiluhiin- w. nl rmii-i-. a iiial'ii Mil' 111 wliirli tliii'c i- nil ci'i'ainl \ . ■Ill, ,,|ll\ iliinii ilial .iilllil rliaiitir tin prriiiil III a prii the sv-li liiliiiii iilliir lliaii a liliiw. wmilii lir a Inii^rin— in -uiiir pa II of I'm ill-lalirc, tlirrr iniulll lir liiii-rlH-- ill nlir ii' iIm' fiiljiiw ill'. 'I'lli' liiili nil ill' -li'MI. Till' lirail nil lllf -li'lll. 'I'll,' ai':alr plalir ill tlir Ilia-- ImN. l^rlwriMi ihr lira— l»i\ Imlilinii llir a'ialc i pi'iiiliililiii. ( )|' ril hiT iilii' 111 1 111' 1 "i> Illii'Mil- lillin.j. III ihr piaiir fliilui-i' -n (•111! ill' llir kllil'r-riliii'. ilaiH' ami llir ImmiI nt 'Ik' itiarlii'il 111 l!ii' piMiililliiiii. Ill a llial lili' prlliiullllll li-l- nil mil' Willi ri'iiai'i! tn pi'iiiiuiiini _'. tliiTr iiiu-t lia\i' ln-i'ii a in It- III' llir pi'lKlllluiil. nil citlii'l' thr prnlii:- litiitm III' ill llir llllllili ilr\|rr. IIH' I'iiaii il it- leiiiilh 111 I'.MI'.) Ii\ a \er\' appreea-iin ii ehaiiueii hark in Iv its nriiiiiial leiiiith: a eai'el'ul exaiiiinatinii of all parts u\ ilii> iiiliuii failed tn show any ilefeets, anil the nnl\ reiiieilx i- in reliiulil thr penihiliiiii in a nin-t substantial manner. The whole \aliie of pemliiliini nliservalioiis ile|)enil> nil the invariability ol' the peii(hiliiiii. ilierehire rxcry eave must lie lakeii tn insure that property. Only a rhanire of 1'., ; .; ;., il,,. l..i,.iili i., ii(.i'i'ssar\' to alTect the iielioil niateriallv. '.H \\ II V 241 i.iiiic iiim.'iii l\ u .1- lApcriciiccl ill (iliiaiiiiim tlii' i-i ■;! ll (|(Hlrc III lllT-^ini Tl ll' :iir |Hllii|i uuiLiil -.■ili-l;icl(iril\ ;iimI iI !!■ lr((i\ IT liclil W r ill luii -Inlioli-, >:ii ll' >'' M.-iric ;illi| ( l;:i|i|r;ill, I )iiiini; ll.r la- (•\C('|)t t ^win;; ;ii >:iiili >iiv M ll'l''. llir :ii| -t;iilri| I,, \r:,l mlu tl II ra-r ll \\;'- ihiiimijl '''•'' ''"■ l'"i'^ «:'- ainiinil 111,. ,a|i |„il al ( liaplraii il Mill niiiliniii iiiiil a can III! r\aiiiiiial imi rrvtali a wcailli;; (if mir ii| i|||. .| iili-i'urks 11 '111' lia-r 1)1' ihc irciasrr. 'I'lii I'ul clliaii III llir ( ■ I' H ~lln|l> at Chaiil plcail \\a- HOdil I'luMltili in m|J,,i| il,,. ,l,.|Vrt |\ c |iait. Thr |i~i||i thai ihr Irak alloucij to |il(ir(i'i "a- \ir\ iiiiirli irijiirci ami Ihr ip|i-i'r\al nil WllC l'l-lll"l» '>'■ IHl. I'l.NDI l.l \l>. nlt>Kin \rin\> \m, |(|.;|)MI|i '" 'I"' lulliiuilm lalilc- aiv thr icijiicl ioir- nf the nrrioiN iil ihr i h l><''i«lnliiiii~ I, _' ami :;, hir Wa-hinmdii ami O IX'inlilhlln- 1 and .', lor all ihr lii'lil -lalioii Itaua: am! nf ihr \\\i, IM III. II \l|iiN^ III Mil IliiMIMiiN iiH'-l-.llV VI'ilM i m i a ■A J u s e « u; «! tc •^ ?i ft s R s U 'o a ii if !^ •f s •iun Itu.idiiMX " ^ 2 ~ 2 2 21 ts 2 2; 2 - « n "-» « wm M o ^ St I-* •r •I«»!.l 1 — "" ffl »l ?i r» "* *■ ■■ " »4 " ei — 4 *r 1* «' te M M9 to ^ •I"!»!«l e c ^ lA M» •« ■A r * * * •* wa « •o at 1 e V. S3 S K a r* s a s s a % » ;e 1^ 1 2 S S s g R ac g 5 5 5 s C u a 3C ^ > t: ffi ^ 2; «■» s 3Ji 2 X '- r - <■ X r '■ ,'_ f t- r. - T-^ s "^ ■•^ '■^ «r*'>|!<'M " - - - - - - - - « - « - •uoi'wo,! - = = - = - - c Q 2 - c = uininpui,! - - - - - - - - - - - — — •j.iqmnu i*u!*s' - ?* rt ■* M « »^ X A S 2 N 2 t — '.s '.- 1.-, '.-: -', « .', ?T 2; J^ s IS a i.i( v\ in ■2\:\ §1 r 1 u 9 Si s S Si s a u 5i % r. 3 * * 8 a « i 8 . _ I I I !Tr 8 8 8 i I I I I Cii r + + + TIT JTT~iTVf a fl a « *# ei ri ?i + + + + * + + f T! 8 "« a' + + ■(• I I 8 S 1 5 S s i * 8 8 = 6885" = 5 3 5 g a 8 S I 8 S S ,| i i i 8 8 8 8 3 8 n ~iS iS OP a ^ 8 ^ S s s srwwT JO ap ge ^ r-* r^ r. (. ; R 3 3 8 I-* f«-. r^ C 2 a a a c Q Q M * »0 »* « « O s ^ s s S S ~2~ a S 8 8 S U 3 8 W S n X — » « 2 fi - W n — A— ?l " "■ M ■" "■ w e «4 W" M «>-- « •a ■4 ■o MS «4 8 8 !"• 5! s ? 8 8 § 1 8 8 2J a s e e '^ 1 5 % 5 .^ 1 Q o c a ***»?« Ci M « ^* n V ■« tt - - Q Q a «■! ?i t-t C^ « * I'l Hl.li \i|n\> (i| Mil; |)ii\l|\|(i\ i]lt,-i;i(\ A IMin . :! i .■inx.ii^4 i i S S a .■^ S S 1 1 r t T :1 s s 5 -^ + + + + f ?. 8 g f^ CI ■f -^ + + + S i '.'uniiS.u,! I I ■dllMX ■•"V I 5 ■£ '■s i -t- + + + 1 S 1 T 1 i s s $ a X 3 ^ r5 s 3 s S? F «■! T" ^ ,T ."T 1 1 1 f, a a + + -t- P, IS 15 X + + f 1 3 + s 1 s s I I .■? g . M -■UIifts\U(I § 3i s 36 jniBaodlilii.i. ■ 3 s « t> 1- f t- \"«Q 1^ n S « !0 Stj ?1 ^ ^ ^ i '^ -<>Vp.»^jiu\( nininpu.\i j.M|iiiriu Minns ^ c b« c - e^ rt cc ?c - -■ rj f »c 7 ." ,9 -^ 1 's-^ a ' s S 5 a « M •!■ — >- 1 ^* ?l CI »ft tfS « 12 3 g 2 S 3 - ~ - a a r n w n « « " i.i; wi'i V n 3 3 •3 3 iJ$t40<^^u6^ tSS i^ *j% ^ t?5 W> f. ■?; ? ?; ?i ?: ?: « B iS .^ J5 5 S .SS X ,x • O M? 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S S p f CI ?l ?l ?l CI ?l ?l 5 S 5 5 S S 53 = ^ s § ^ i Is ^ t^ S "^ i~ 1^ i^ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1^ i^ ^1^ ^i"". i^ T^ i- I. TTTTTTTT S 2 S S 2 £ £ T I 7 T T T I I I 1 T T T 7 T ji = ■0^353" + + + + + I f 1- I- js js rt — — — ?i ?i e» I I I I I I = ?i fi g o 7 7 7 I 7 .| s I <, ^ s .^ S S 5, S S S^ ^ 115 -p -,J 115 L: = ;r ^' -" s ^ t^ M wn "J f^ S .^ .^ .^ .^ ^ ^ 3 ';5 t3 o 5 S - — -^ CI — iri r^ :; »« »o (c w5 to tr ■•uniiu nltii.)j^ ■|i:ui.| ■jmjmi % % "^ ''^ -^ ^ le o» o» cj — s M CJ CI O t". Ci « rt ■^ •J »0 O « »0 »Q po ^ 3 S « c» ^: S ? ^ i ? :^ Ma(Kw)jiu\{ *uot)isn,i •iiin(npu.»j ! 'j.Mptinu 31UI.US I c^ M ^ »o + + + + + + + ? ~ n fri — -• M ei 9i I I I I I I I I = 5S22S = »! II ? = S « 5 1 iJ -r « w* -J. 25 if o I- I, CS c'l c-i i!5 1-; 35 55 " — ■ ff^i — — ^ CI *i » ■* r^ U5 1- r^ -i t. S 3 S = 1 fc s f. 5 10 '~% r r; ,- '■ 1 1 ¥ i y f. r-5 '- '_: £ C M M M M rS M n ^ U3 ^ t. ge 2.")0 iMHi.ii \ i :(i\> (II I hi: iiii\m\!.i\ m i-ri:\ viMKv. I i I I I I •» S 3 .^ 5 .^ 5 rt 5 5 S 5 ! .• I I ill. t \ X \ u i - C I = I I I i i I "fTTTmi ■7! .^ .« .1! « « 5 5 S S = g ?; a S ^ § ^ ^^ i t w 4 I ■•""'"M I I I I 7 T i I I I I ■_ '.z 'z v: i:: i; ' - r; K" TTTTTT III •.u«s^ual f f 7 I 'il'fiYTl T '* i ***'U*M I I I I 1 I I I I I I i' V — ^ = £ 1 T I 7 S = S B = 2 2 I I I I I I I '_o 12 -^ I/- :_t :- i^ =j — 5S — ^i ' S ^ .« B .^ ,^ ,5 .^ ,5 .1 ,5 § . i I i I q O I 0Ti ^ '• i i I i g .? ,5 .1 s I 3 I ■.»jns>;.u,i ■.unjiu KlllMX IK"!.! a ■|''!I("I 5 ^ s 2 r2 ^ g -^ ."^ '^^^T % 9 l~ il ^ 5 5 ;^ ^' S S xcjr-: -rusci tows n^ t^: to u) 1/3 iq »fl »fl u» s So s I > 2 'iTYir-^ E '" ~ •^ SI 3 3 :2" 2 ^5 4 -:5 'iT -^-iT .iW|KK.i;m\i •unijisOji ;: c c c c £ c c c c iin|npu<(^I «^' ^1 51 71 fi -1 *j.H|uinu ^iMs w w -r L- I . I ; \ \ I 1 1 251 5 i I y. P Q a y. X o Q u I ? S * H § .^ i r, § s fi Vi ?i ill I i ii S S 5 r. 9. I I I I ii i\ ^ I I I i § i T T T t! II n & g - s 3 -.UIKK.U,! + + + + + + S s .^ tt .'^ R •ll'l'J. + + + + + + s s *ainMK.u«l = 5§ :? S ■■uniiu.KliiMj^ U ■|«u!.I 'l«!»!"I I" >: — « M C'l 14 to u^ -.)aiKK>j!u\{ -iiininpu.i^l 'j>t(iiiinu 8uiA\>; S 2 B I I I s s 55 S? Jo kO tr: lo »o to »; 5 3 3 « S s a I isTT~rFTT s s s ^ ^ 3 ^ ff> » rt ^- s ^ I I I I 1 1 I 1 7 7 7 V. I ^ s 7 I I 2 S S I I I s s, g s S s s ^ s' a jo s w? 3 c c III 3> C) o + + + ■r f w !S 5 «3 o o b> t- o to to O lO ^ « ffi 3» I'. (0 «-» " " '^ ■M "" » f* >o -^ 1^ CI ta •ft *o >o lO iO s s s 3 s IS 1 ? t g g g s a "Z \r r* •H g 2 2 - '^ ^ « - - - - - Q C « M W ri ULII ATIONS Of THK l>i>\ll.\H>\ iiH>i;ii\ \ lii|;v. o s u Q y. •A I K ? Tc £i I § H E ^ 3 » iS s i5 9 ^ ^ s 3 5 g g i S i § .,J.u.,|,l , I I I III I a 5 ■'^■■■■■'i. I Ji g H + + + -.uy f T f MS*' s s s ?5 ?j a r^ r: ro s i i O w» •.un«-i.uj £ 8 S 3 S U Mjnittj.Kliii.ij^ X I". w ■|tmi.] ■inijiui M I- «£ E « »0 lO = I 3ii 1' r rs ■r C o 7 7 j I- £ rt r- o u5 •■'^(►•'-JfUM 1 *Uf>;ti>»\i 'ittn|n[tu<»,| I 'j'l'imnu SIMMs' i — ei M §i^ s s «3 M? a = 3 S » s a i a i'! H f ^ 8 S 3 S f-JT 1 — 5 '^ A ^ ^ 111 sis 3 u? 55 5i Si 2 S l~ S i 3 + "a" 4- O 1 ■i- + 2 1 s 1 T r 1 *2 ^ ?i VI 4rt s X 3 a: s fl ei CI ■ri 31 M « ^ •■£ a " ?l ?i •" — -* rt 3i I- w» US ~~^ fi MS to «s to 1 ■'^ H g s t- i ' •/ ^ ^ IS i rt 3 i-i Is Ti ?? !? ? f ».•? — ^ •' ^' ri - - ~ - *^ - ~ - ~ - C C ^5 « n - - - -* ca « - CI n H c . ~ •-» (.1! \\ M \ W i s S S 3 s in s s s s 3 a s i i s a « sr ft '« ft s S § T -II -II -II 7 7 7 S vi S I 1 1 5 »! 5! 1 1 1 - - - - " - s = a a a a - - - n tn M - CI n ~ i'l « •/S i« -J TIT 3 ? S33S 3.^ is f '?; ? SSSS SS3S I I I "f~¥"S- I I I s s s ^ •« «• 3 5^ 3 3 ?i V; 2 ? 3 s 3 § lO S S 3 Si S ■« m 3 3 £ R £ s •O 2 M M W M M O A lO 14 lO *r s ^ s !'• r* "* s s s ^S- 3" - - - ~ - - =i = a a a 3 re M M - - - - C4 n - e-4 n i i U 1 i I I S8S3 3333 8 3 s i 3 2 3 1 3 I 1 ■J" 1 7 7 1 S a S g H •3 1 7 7 « li a ~s + 2 — + + 7?l 1 1 1 fi ?! ?! 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7 i i i 3 3 3 3 3 3 ^33 S $ ^ ?,?.?. b w &e Jt gC X § 3 S 5 3 U « S> CI 3 3 3 S 8 S S ft S R 8 SO o « M A t* e-i fi " e-i •" "* « -f — u» O « to •o « W3 •O 3 3 3 s : C^ lO ^ - - - - - - = a 2 a a a - - - - - - - CI n - M CO IM 111 I( \l Ili\s (>! III! li'iMIMiiS .)H--l:i(\ \ IMlM 1 t . p 3 f s 1 ? X S 1 1 ; 1 V K.' r: s 11 1 S S a lis 1 s 1 ft 2 i § .^ .1 s . i J ! — 1 1 z 2 2 ^ ^ 12 5 .i i» .^ i. i' a y. If, ■n y. o > ai a ■diii..x S r: 3 7 ' ' f. V 'l u 1 1 1 1 MJV * 2 S 1 1 1 M £ S 3 1 1 1 1 =•5 a ■.unt.s.U(i IBS i § f ^ -r •»• s ^ § «> -j ^ ■•r «* "1 ?1 3 S a S i i s s s s .un)iij.»diu.»x ' T f 2 ^ » ^ K 1- tf. WS « rt JL i •1«"!.I = "■ '^ " * CI "■ '^ J ^ o ^ ce 51 eC o ■piiliui a »o ts M» U9 u* w> U3 2* M & s S S 1! S S 2 " .j 5 S 2 2 i ; ?, !« -5 S S a r 1 ' ' L iZ !i till -.»Xp.l-.i]Hni 1 — « -4 M M M — -uotiis-u,! ' C C ^ « C C .^ -nin{n|iu.i,i i re -- r? „ ™ — _ -j.Hiiiinu VuiMS i - 1 - _ _ - 9t ! i sis 3 111 S 3 S ^ ^ ^ n u ii 6 h I ^ A i 3 A 3 3 S g g fi SSI ! ! I ill - '•' ** fe S #. fi 1 1 1 S B 3 1 T T 8 S'S 1 T 1 -11 -10 S H «■ 3 3 3 ill' 3 S 5 3 5 3 11 1 3 3 3 R S *? s 3 i« .-:? ^f? r rt 1? a 5 V. ^. S ^ ^■4 ^ 2 OD X OC it •c O ■* ** *-l *-* ■^ ei O *•■ '•l ;s 9* X •o *o •ft >o •« •q S 3 sag 8 f! ? -x: ;*: ->_ I- / >■ <;it.\\n V it 4 1 Mi!) S 8 i S s .^ § s » 4 S S s 8 I a f ^ ^ 3 7 7 7: 7 7 7: n i a 7 7 7: * ^ 5 "" 1 1 7 3 » g a 7 7 f ' S 3 'i a ' ' ' J = 8 S - + + + ^ s s 7 f 1 s S R 1 1 7 = = a 1 1 1 c* 2 A 7 7 1 iii " 5 ^ jo /. -. 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S 8 55 « rt f- 'o;fI>.^>)jiu>{ I ■ua.>.i | rt « w ?9 -j.i'liiinu aui.us : + + + ,- illlMi 3 Hi 1 1 3 1 3 + S 2 4 1 + + 1 3 1 o 1 ■.■, \ 1 S 1 T S 3.' = 1 1 1 T 3 1 2 T .till 3 3 3 3 i ;• ••> % ?; f, 3 3 3 i. ? I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ % ^ % g 6 u 3 3 3 a a - - ? *a u? 14 ~ "■ — •" — — — — - — • ff s s & s ? t? rt % s 5 £ g g s 2 2 V T 5; « pa rt I <;ii wnv ^ f A 3 h v; n v. s ^ S S 3 ;ii I I s a + f 3 3 ^ S i 3 5 i I 8 S ^ 3 Is S 7 »~S- Cl M «-'| S ff ?i ? J 2 'r •? » CI c't (■i 3 rt w « -■ ei rs mnr + I -§-§- .^ "T'sT I: K f, S t-! !^; 3 3 § \- S ,- 5 5 £> 3 3 2 S S VI 5 &' !? a u R •i g s a a a 2r,s I'l Ul-K AllON^ 111 I III: DiiMlNKi.N ()b.-.l.K\ A 1 DliV. .'- Ci .5 H ^ ^^ I i 3 -? 5 ..•II .5 ?i 3 g 3 is S S S .^ .s >^ SI >s a S 3 ^ '•tl I I I I 1 I I u :: i: i III? 9. •.uns.i.»j,l (ItlMX I 8 B i I I I -.tJV I I I I I i I I Till s ^ § s I'll I I I I ■- ! ^, ^ ^ ^ ^ U^ *C iS 1 i B. S 5 •5 *5 t7 « •.UUffs-M,! > = 3 w3 3 — !2 ^' o a s /, »~ '.lit ["J.-*!!!!. 1,1, , ii ?! ?i ?! ?! !| ;i (;i: \vi rv 259 •J. A ^ 9 « c / ■*■ s X s ? ■/. s c ^ - ^ •5 •» 475 s "^ "^ 5 .1 ,5 i ■1 ^ 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 3 IS as . .. 1 f , - ■^ 1 S S " •.un>,. uj I • 'Jii|iii.i|in.i[ 1 i g ? #. »■■ IT ^ = -S '5 s? 2 2 If 3 4 S , s s I* '» s a •o *2 ■|'-"!.l I - 1 IIIIIIUI § ti M _. . - P ■K ^ 2£ ■= z w 5 " S 3 if 7 ?. &^ M3|>.KlJIl|\j •U'MJKu^l a a 'iun|ii|iu.i,| Jl'I'lltlu !lUl«jj K *■ o> J 2(i() IH HI.UAUil.N.S Di' nil. DDMIMON UU>K!L\ A 11 lllV. ; I Mjnv.i]^.! 1 Fd 7 tl t- I- -ft ^ •)• ^ Si Si ui ^ ■!:"!rs~.r I. !• |.> I- ••■ I" -f -» ■J S S 2 5 S 3 M9 I S S j% I I I 3 ^ I I I I T i 'S £ i' Mitl'l* 11,1 4 ■' " ■du|.»l. 1 2 1 1 £: i =. •.UV 1 1 1 i % t S £n lA SSS3 sSss £ a * £ g Z 2 ? 353S3 s S S i I I I 3 ^ •r .__- ~tJlU\| BBIS I.K \\ I I V 2(il 81097 •jC,._. I'l HI.Ii \l|ii\s (ir rill'. l)n>il\|M\ (in^i;i;\- \ IdliV. IHIil 1 III i\ ( II \Hni li 11^ prii. lulnill. .-11111 '/ !> I lie force (if !ll:i\il\-. We have tlli'll ''m' ivI;iI inn. /' : /': ;/. : ■/. or (/ = I'i I ' ^^ II. w'lH'ic /' ami I/, nrc llic pri-iu'l ami '^laxil; .al tlif oaM' >iauiiii /' ]■■ ill!' iKiMici al llii' liclil ~la'ii'ii. 'I'lic nli-ri-M'il 'aluc <<\ iiiaviiy al Wa-liinmdii i- taki ii ,a> KM)- 112 ,|\lir~, Ailnplili'.: llii- \;i!!'i'. ami ll-il;-i llic value- ni' iIh' pcrimN III IHiiiiiil ~ i ami ^i !'"!• ''\\ a-iiiiuiiiii! ami 'litawa. liir \aiuc> nl i:ra\ii>- I'nr ()i!a\\;i arr '.i--n.r,ls. ".l.vii-iii:;, 'i.Miiiiii all. I '.iMi- i'.l ."> ilyiics. nr llic nicun \altii' III Lri'axii. .Ml !M!a\\a i- P^i|-(il."i 'luic- wiiicii iia- lniii ailnpiiil a- I hr i)l)-.cr\ril \ aim' fnr < >' la^va. All ill lii'M r-i.'lliiili-- iia\e hrrll 'rfrl'lT'l In OMaWa. Ill < Id ll li'illLl llic i:i'a\in' fur liic ilil'i'cicni -ia'iiiii> ilircc ilil'l'ci'cn; -•(■:- nt' xaliics lur ilic pcmliiliinis al (Miawa were ii-cil. Tlie e!iaii;i'e in peiiml.- ha alrc.i'l)- liecn referrcil in in tlie ili~eii— imi ii:' " X'ariaiinii in lciii:ili- m' pemliihiin-." l-'or •lie -laiinii-. Maiiiwaki. KiiiLi- !i m. Ilnlierxai, ■i'ailiiii--a". I'ni'Inciii', Si . Ji'rnine. ami Sic .\iiiie-ilc-r,c!ie\ uc. ilii' pcriinl- ot' ilie jii i.iliilimi- u! I'aineil .11 niiawa in .Ma\ ere u-eil; I'nr ilie -lalimi-. \iaila\\a. 1 .i-kcaid. ( 'neln anc. >aull Sic. M;irie. ( 'haplean. I'm! .\ii!iMi' ami l!n-e I'uiiii, i!ie perioiU dIi.iipiI in .\imii-i were u~eil; ,'iii'l Inr '\iiiiliy. W iKni-inel-. ami WiiiiNnr, ilie iMiimU ()lil;iiliei| ill >e'ileniiiel' were ll-cil. iMMl'! lAiinX III' ;lli; l\II.N-IIV iij i.rWIM \l A \ ■! >!;M.r|);|) >l\IHi\. '!'|ic ;i!ieii-iiv 111' LLTavil.' ai.av lie eiiiirpnieil lie all iileal eai'lli !ia\iii:i lli" ^allil■ -i/.e aial -liape a- aii ellip-uiil u!' ri \ nhii inn whieli nin-t nearly enilii'iili- X'.illi i'le r-ca-lc\('l -url'are ni llic leal (.'Ulll. ami liiili'-^ im Inpn- uraplix aiHi nn \ai'ialinii- in ijeiiilv ai aii\ ilepih. ''n imhini'II tlii' real earlli iiiin liii- i'li.'il enilh all niaieiial nn tii' real carlli al.nM ea-!c\el lllll-l !e i'enin\eii. llic ualer nl tl,c neeati llill-l lie lephieeil li\ llialeri.'il nl' (|en-il> (ipial In ll.e iiicail --ill'l'ace ileli-iiv ol liic real carlll, ami ill! \ LHAVll V 2t;:j ^"■"""'" "• ''""-''^ ■■' -- ^-" ''•!"!' in ,|„. ,.,,,, ,,„,,„ „,„., ,|„.n h,. ''"■ ''"""'^ ' "■■■" ^"••■"-"■'> '" "■•■ ■--, ,|,.,.i,v i„ ,1,.. n.l ..artl. ., '"',"""" '" "''^ "''■^'' '■"■" ■ ''"'-y -ill in-.,.,. .i,i, ;„,,„„„ ;„. ;''■'"'' '" "" -^ ■ ■"'""■'■'■ - " '^-- 'MH.n a„ nv,.,.a.,. i. n„. .val ,.ar,i, '"" '", ""• '"'■■-' "'"•"' ''" — ^ ^-- a' "- -..^ .i..„;l, w,li l,av.. „,; aiv kiKiwi; In (liilr; -,];n|,,|v V. tll(.|| "■""""IT >ill -' V- . Wla IV -, '•"■''I ;il">\i' il|.M.|ii„.,l i,, ,1,,, l;|,j, ,,,(,. ^. ,, i'"iii mil' aiiij|||(.|.. ^'"- "'■l'"-'-''^ |-"ni.,ia 7o = !)rs.(K;i) | : ().„„^:;n- .i„ ^ __ '■'"•'''■''•' ^|■:l^ity al a >ta:i.ui „„ ihr i,|,.ai " -'"'li '111 i'li'al i.arih ihr value "^ ''■^'^"- '" " ^-■" -"'I'' '"■ ^' ■" = n.i„n ,„ ,1.,. lamuil,. „nlv Th,. """'■'■"•'' "''"'■ '"■ '^ '^ '""'' "'•• --i.'.'a.i,„; in ,.„,„ „,. ,.,;. ,,„...,„, '"■■' "■'•'""' ^""' '^^ ^""■aHi,„: in ,1,,,,.. „„ a ;,„i, ,„a^- ,1 'li.' Malh.n ..xpn..-,.,| i„ ,1,„ ,.,.„t i„u..,.,.,^rani-s,.,..,n,l sv.M,.,n. Rniiiii at ''''"• l'"niiiila is ilni-. Hx,.,! l,y tlicorv. Tl H' liircc cDiisiaiils ',)7S.0:!(), 'III a ^rral iiiinilicr of ol).-.(.|.\ati()ii.- n.O(),-,;!(.L' and (). 00(1007 uvn. ,|,,iv,..I tVoi ..■ato.n.,1 uv.M- ,1,,. MTlar.. ..f .h. oar.l,. X.u- a.ul l...,,..,- valuo. ,.r 7>so -nstan.s will „„ ,l„n,„ ,„, ,.,,„i,„„| ,.,.,„„ „,,^,.„ ,,,^„,.^.^^,. ,,,^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^,_^_ '";^""' •'""■ ""■'••• '-■■' -''>• •-- "- '-V .Tva,i,.„s ,o,. „.avi,v ain.u.lv refrrn-l 0, .ai^.n in Canada, an.l .. ,1,,. .,1.,.,.,.,..! valu- ..f .ravi.v -a "i-y s,a.,uns s,.an,.n..l ..v.t ,1„. nunl^.n. half of ,l,is ..ontinen, slio„ld Kivc iiilornialion tiiat will 1,,. of -iTat va cquatioi, for ^^avi(v. aluc in tlctcrniininK tlu" con.ect la <.on.,H„in, ,1,,. in„.|.,i,v of ..avity in .h,. rni,...l States. ir..l,n,,rs '"■"""^' "'" "^'"'^ "■"' '""" "- "'-nati... ,1,.,,.. a s„,all .om^tion to ""■ '•"ii-'a„t '.I7S.0;!0 ^,.,. ,„,„]„ ,, ,„,,..,,,,,, ,,-^,„,^^ '■-UUK^nnS. KOK .:U V M„,X ,,.,.,.„.;,. u. , V, A N-. .S.STV r. ■ , ...M .K Ns.V, ,OV. ''-'"'"'""■ ''" "'■""'"" '■'"• ''l"^-^^'!"" "-a. ,.oni,,ut,.,i l.v ,!,. fonm.la -n.O,„«Os,;//, ia ,.hi,.|, // is ,1... ..,„va,ion of „,.. station .U.ov. sea-levd '" ""■"■'"■ ""^ '■"■•'•..rtion of ,1,„ atlra..,ion upon a unit n,a>s ,1 .ra,n) 2G4 I'llU-ll AlluN.S m- llli: Dii.MlNUiN Ulj-KUN A I "I! V, at tli( -laliiiii i- ill nr- and iciliin- Imin ~.'a-l'\i'| in ilic aciiial -taiion. It lakc^ acciiiiiil (il llic iiH-ira-.'il (ii-laiiri ihimi ilic all lacl iiii; ma--, a- it ilir >laliiiii Well' 111 ilic air ai ilic 'lalid cli-.aliiii, and ilicrc were iin l(i|intira|)llV nil llic rallli Tiiliiiijiit lihil iiirl l.-,i lulu' ( 'niiiii, I, .iilinii. 'I'lir -lalinli^ a! wliirh (ili^rr- \aliiiii- air inadr air nn llir leal railii. and air in Lii'nrral a!'ii\r >ra-ir\cl. 'I'lir -rniiid jiail nl' l!ir riiin| nil at inn nl tln' inlrn-il\ n! 2ia\il\ at aii\' -taticill lllll-l thrrrlnrr lakr arrulinl nl ihi' I n| in'_;l a|il, \ '.'.!iicll r\i~l~ nil llir rartli. takr arrmint a-- far a^ pn-ililr ni' liir xaiialinn- in diaii'N wliirli r\i^t nn liir rral rartli. and takr arrnlint a- lar a~ |in-~ili|r ni ihr 'ariatini - ill dr||~it\ lirliralli t hr ~iiil'acr ol' tlir Inir ral'lll. and takr arrniinl ni' thr rlr\atinn n|' till' nli>rr\ili^ -lalinii aliuNc -ra-lr\rl 'In a|i|il\ llir rnrrrrtinii^ liir Inl i(iuia| liiv and i~irlatir rnln|iril-at inn, ai'riirair ln|in::i'a|iiiical map- afi' iri|iiirrd, at tin prr>riii tiinr tlinc arr nn -Urli map- nl' ('aliada. Iirlicr tlir di~(ai--inli nl' llir-r rnlTrrt inn- Will 1 ir trratrd in a hltrr npnrt. Mr--is. Ilayl'nrd alrl Mnwir liaNc (ll-cusscd tiir wllnlc matirr \ rry fully ill llirir pllMiratinii "Tlir I'.lTrrI nl' 'rnpiiiilapliy and Is(i.-.tati(' ( 'niiipcn>atinii upon t!ir iiilrii>ity nl' (liaxity. " H()\vr\(i'. tlirrr arr otiirr iiirtlmd- of rriiiiriim; tlir \allir (if tlir force of jira\ity from .-ra-lr\('l to the ol)-rr\ ini; -tat ion. Tlic-r arr known as thr "frrr-air " inrtliod, Houjiiar's iiirtlmd and I ayr'- mrtlind. Tlir 'rrr-air llirtllnd takrs arrnillit nllly nf tlir rlrxatinli alinxr .-ra-lr\(T Tlir .•station is roii-idrrrd as if it were -ii>prndrd in llir air at a liriudil r(|iial to tlir 2(/- // ;; ■ rlrxation. In r."ii;,iiirr's formula (/;/ — — ' ^. 1 — ', '>i. "H '!"' suppo>itioii that tlir -tatiin i- -iliiaird on an indrtinitrly r\trndril jilain. Ilrrr ih/ i- ihr rorrrrtion to rnliipmrd ^ra\ily. <;. at -ra-lr\rl. // i- thr rlr\atioIl alio\c sra-lr\r|. /• i- ihr radiu- i>\ ihi' rartli, o i- thr drli-ily nf thr ma trr lyin^ alin\r M'a-li\ m il-hri > of (lrii~il\ ill llir iMiiini' li'luw S(.;,lc\cl. liill llilil liic:i! l(i|ioi:r:i|ihir:il ii ic.ula! ll ii-, wlicll.r clrs :i I HHi- ol .icpiv.-i.iii-^ :iiv I. Ml r,.iM|Mii-;il.-.l I'l.i. -iicii irii -illnii! ic liiin- li ;iiii!;!i!ir,l liy llir |);ii li:ii riiiiilil\ <'l' 'lie inrtll- rl'll'. Tlir iv~i(lMjl- Willi l.iiiit;ucr- ivil'Tiinii -IkkiM Mich !»■ iiiicriniinl :i- a ii.ra.Miic <)l ilir il.'liri, nc.'. of (Ini-il;. . ami "i, l|.. ullin haml, the ivHiluaN will ill,, ivdiiclioii loi- clcxalinii -1 lil In lakcii a a Mica-iiic nl llii' lark ,,f ,(ini|icii,-arKHi. atiir aliouiiiii lor iiin'ci laiiii ir- of ol.xivaliou and ihr ,|T. ,-l- of l(K I .i,o!o..iical (..iMiilioii-. I !i\('io|,iiii: 'lie idi'a of M . iayr. .,l,-(r\('f ■ oiTi'ili'd '■•Y ilii- la^l, of coinpciisil ion li\ adilinil oi- .iii.iiaclin- tia ■.crlical a!iiacM(,n oi a iioi i/oiilal plain «lio>.> lliickli(-> i> llir dillnnirc ii! cli-.alioli lirlvmi li.r lalion and the a\crai;c slirniundiliU >uifacr. 'idii concilii ,a\ i"' r\p|-( ~~cd liy n. TIh' ronvciioi: i- po-iii\c loi' --taiioii- hdnw the a\ria<:<' l('\cl and iii'i;a'ivc for Malioli- alio\r ill.' average lc\(l. Tiir iivcrap' clfvalion ina.\ Ix- -cri.rcd from a i-onloiir map lor llic country within a radiu- of oni' Immlrcd miles. In the followiiiti 'I'alilc I \^ill ln' tiivcii the value- lor the period- of the pendiihiins at the ihtl'd' nt >tation>. ami ine deduced value of fiiavity in dynes. In Tahle II will !»■ applied t'e correciions for ele\ation and • iioi'raiihv accordinti: to ihe three diHeieiit method> outlineil atio\i'. In 1^1. Tahle 111 will he h)und a comparison heiv.een the u;ra\ily ohiained for Ottawa in I'.HIL' and in HIM. The dilh ivnce of (ill d,Mie> is prohahly inti; ahoiit one hundred feet from the wali'r in an alinoM pi^rpendicular direciion. The li)11 i-tation is di-tain from tiu ri\cr ahoul one and a hall mile-, and tiic countrv around the -lauoii is fairly level. 200 IM lll.h MiilN-^ :>[■■ llll. l(i)\l|Mll\ i(|l>KI(\ VIllIlK Slatiiiii. I M.I 1. I. r»KIill> lif I'kMH 1.1 M. \ All K Mt ■/ IS Dl ! m WnshiiiKtiin (•ll;iw;l \\a.^liiiiKltkc:ir.l ('oclir;ili'' S.llllt .-^Ir ('llM|llv..ll I'.. II \lll|il l:..-r iV.Mll ( l|I:l«:l Wliiil.v \Vu,,,l-l..,k WiiM-nr M.I .WiJiil Mll2'.Ki".t .■.oitj;:i .".iil'J!i!i:i .",til>il .MM ■.-.'(ill .".OIJIIJT .'ii 1 1 _"~ ; I .Miij-.^ ; .■,(il.;.'i;,' ."iil:!l>.' .",( Ill's. II .Mirj.-.vi ,Mii.;iii7 ..iiiJs-,! .'.Ill-'; 17 .",Ol:;.",i.' .Mll.ijlls .Mll.i|-,l.-| .Mll.iVll .■.iii.:tJ(i I*. .Mll.-.ll'.l :m iimi .lOLMC. .Villi.-.: ."illlilVMI .'iiti i;is.i .VMirii.' .villi r.'j .vii:t7H.-. .VIl.tM'.i.! VII i(i:i.-i .VII 11(11 VII KIJJ .vil:;i;i;Ci vii.;lL'i .VlliWlJ .VH :;7J7 .■iiii:;.-,n7 ,Vll 11 111 .",111 iiiil VII iiii:i VII I77S .Vll IMIll •isii irj '.IMI Ills ■Isll ,,|t', "Ml ,,i ; MSO (,!,', '■Ml 111.-) '.'Mll.sli ',IS(I bsl '.ISO (iS.-l i.lMI-.V.'S i.lMI .'i^l'. I.IMI •.'.JT !IM».Ml;i '.IMI m;7 I.IMI Ml.". ',IM)-'.KHI •IMI 'Ki ; 'IMI ■llll |.IS)-7.VI 'i^il 7i.l Mxll 7tUI '.IMI 1177 '.IMI(i7'.l 'IMI 1.7 s '.IM) rM7 '.Wl (.tili ',lsll tll.tl ',lsll ll|."i I.IMI Iil7 !i,s(l(14ii 'IMI 1,17 '.isd 7s.', 'IMI 7'.". ',IS(I 7s.'. i.lSd SMI 'IMISSII 'ISII SSII 'IMI ii77 '.isii 1.77 'isn 1177 'IMI 7111 'IMI 7t,J 'ISO 7il.l MmI s|s 'isll >li, 'ISO si 7 !IMI 1.11,", 'IMI 1,11(1 'Isll 1,(1,1 '.IMI 111.-. '.IMI- 1.-..-I 'IMI llll 'ISd l.'iS '.isil :ils VMI ,1.V1 '.IMI .ant 'iM|.:i:i7 !IMI llll '.IMI :i:ts ! : 1^ » i.ii Win 267 1 Mil 1 II f ' tllKKiTI't s.. \ S -M \I 11 ,-* Sl:iliim ln i' h. Ml. i«. • ^ • mclri.» ilym-i. ■l.vnisa. IM» (MU 740 - lUW - lU:! - 05S 9-I1 1^5 - IIUl - 022 + liu:i Kirii;f4 - t»r.> + 027 Itsil 'JiM r WIS 1 U03 --02II I'nrln.ul 4 47 ...S4I1 K :« m DSD 77lr -018 -oil - 014 080 7llU -I -WIS •4 001 + 1104 SI. .IiViiiii 4 s:> ■alii 4ii :i4 m IIMI fiMf, - «.« - U2I - «i:i INI 878 + 085 + 013 + -025 .S|i-. \nn.-il.-ll.il' \ui 4 » 4'«!4i 24 27 ?A tl«0-Ml -Ulli - OOfi - 012 !1SU IKK) + 017 + 013 + 010 Mattiiwii .5 14 47 4ii Iti 4:i 17(1 »<() 7:14 - U.K - 033 - on» ft»0 IH7 - 11:15 - 054 - OIS Li>k>ur - 05s -tm - 074 980 817 -051 - 073 - -11.15 Hum- l'.,inl a M III tr, lU 02 1.S.1 (W0M4 -OSH -.«,s - 052 981) i«n 4 015 - 006 * Oil Wliilli.v It 15 111 4 1 5.> 4.'l N4 980514 - 02(i - 016 - 0:10 !180 45s - 0.10 - 0411 - 020 \\.«..|-t...k S 23 07 43 on 33 290 980 UK -093 - 060 -093 980-349 - ooe - 0.1!l - UOfi Winil:«ir S :12 IU42 19 in I7S 080 37.1 -055 -034 - 051 980. 338 + 020 -001 -027 + 016 ln.li.*(T minjili' 1 ni-an -018 014 .MlPl.rt li.. ti'.-;in - 00s -022 -002 ■i'\r.i,i; III OlMI'AlMSdN OK «m.S!-:ifiiil'il ^ -"7'. -'"rt ::;:„:"::;::,:::; r,..: ....... i "^ (iniliiiii''! a.....u.... n,. li -• ..n.i. ,1... ,.-.h., i. .... ;" ,^^ ^^,,,„,. s.. n..l ..V...- . I... ...■..■ .l.->-.- '■'■.;'"\";7::.",, ,. al^.n: 1 l-.il- . I'l lliMil inilll in. Ml , I >*. I." " :":":,.,,:., ' ."':„"„; ,.,i i. 1-"'"" ^ •" '■ ,,,,„,,-,■ ..1 ili- iM'iiilMinn MIC ■ J. InxrMi^ialinii lia- -Ik'^M' ""• ""1 to iii.!n''."-y ■ ;; , Coloiii-i- atli'Mi ihat li'Hii U-rlll! inli'V'il'''' ' i,„,l,.ilvni- ^li:i';i „„„n:.n.. nl i-ml ilu.n rv -nnrn,^ 1 ,■ ..y;\ il\ lli ''''I'' I'lilli'^- iiic value- "1 ii.''^ "> , , ■an iu' .li-awii in iviiai.l "' 'I' ,, ..M.lMui.al l.innali.'ii "I ""' (•li!iiil "I 1 (,•:!■ • ■■ inicc-. aiiaiii 1„. pn-MilT .il' 111" aiiiM-i.liin. 'n.ii-. ilii' 1 i^ •„, ,!„■ l.n.iiM.r,'. l.alan-.l ,.,1 cnlm.ui <'l incniir\ l!i(. ii,rclialili-al • li iiira->irclia'lil> , ,ival,.ut oi- lu.at i> .n-a-MuM m . ,,,,,„„- an.l i' i-il.MVM.n ■■!■ ...--'-. WM..I, is .lilW '-'■■■■;' :,,,,,.„,„„ ., ,ia. ,,,v un,...-.a.. - .l""-.i- "- -'""""^ '" .„,..un.,l,. ..I na.a.nn..n..n. i> nnp.-v-l. ^^^ .^ . I ,.1 li.i. Ill t he '•iiii^t ll nil' 'I '" i,v ,1..- ai.l .>f i'<-..>l.ilun, ..MHTinu'ni-. mnn 1" ' cni-t lnT.,n.r., l.> I." • .. ,,,,,r„l.lirr m'.T ^,,^,,1 ,„, ^,,,,., ,., ..Mal.lisi. ...-ti....!^ '•> ^^".••" ^^' '■'" ,, ,„„.,| s.:,... C .V C.^ S. r,-|-.n IN^J. A'M-i'l'-- N" ■-'■•! (jHAN ITY. 2» fnun ilir vcpIi'mI at iniii i(pii of iiioiini iin-i, I'lr , wliat ilnir liori/.oiitjil attraction, and tlic rc^iiltirin (lillcciinh ol' tlic pliiml) line iiiii>t he. "it I ■■ fa\oiiialiIc to pcniliiiuin work, yrt it i.-* trill that nothing appcr'aiiiiim; to sin'li a sur\('y oiit;lit to lie neglected. 'I'lic know IrcJiif of the forci' o' nra\it\ is not a incrc ipaltcr of utility alonr, it is also one ol i lie fundaniintal kinds of (|Uantit\ which it is the duty of a ncophvical siirxcv to measure. .\^trononiical longitudes iind latitudes arc diterniinalions of the direction of (/;r:i\ity: penduluni experiments determine its amount. 'I'hc force of (zravity is related in the same way to the latitude and loi|ii:Mide as the intensity of mannelic I'orcc is related to the mairiietii declination and inclination, and, as a magnetic survey would lie held to he imperfect in which nieasiireniciits of intensity were omitted, to the i^:u\\r extent must a geodetic sui-vcy he held to he imiierfect in which the deterin'ialion-- of ^ra\ity have heeii omitted." 'I'liesc reasons for the prosccuiion of pendulum determinations were Ki\('n hy Mr. ( '. .'^. I'icrce hefore a coiiferencc on p;ravity determinations held in Washington iti May, 1SS2. This conferenco was attended hy the Siipt rintendent f tiio I'nited .^tatcs Coast and (ieodetic .■^iwvfy. Major llcrschel. H.i:.. I'lof. (". S. Pierre, I'rof. Xewcomh, and Messrs. (Icor^c Davidson and C .\. ."^chott. Hut what was true in 1SS2 applies with ciiiiai force in 1914, and esiiecially in a country such as Canada where a geodetic survey is only in its infancy. c«iNri,rsi(i\. In concludinf; tiiis report the writer desires to express his gratitude for assistance which he has received from Mr. William Bowie, Chief of tiie C()m|)uti: 4 Division of the I'nited States Coast and (Ieodetic Survey, from Mr. \\. H. Burner in his article on "The Measurement of the Flexure of penduhnn supports with the Interferometer", and from Dr. \V. F. King, Chief Astronomer, who gave many vahiahle suggestions. Dominion Observatorv, Ottawa, April, 1915. 81097-0