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Tous les autres exempiaires originaux sont fiim6s en commen9ant par ia premidr6 page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreintd. Un des symboies suivants apparaltra sur ia dernidre image de cheque microfiche, seion Ie catx: Ie symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", ie symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis i des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul ciichA, 11 est film* A partir de i'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A drolte, ex de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 •:. 1 2 3 4 5 6 • t gdmoiv->5 ,ooo. : r-r l ■ ■ ■I K ■ '■■■ •• .-^m Price ^. <■■* »iii i«MBW* -.^,i:.:'^' \ ••- -nj. ■. 1st,:- :-''l->l'* Jv-vVXi--'-^ to THE S, TOWK': JNB l■■'AV■',,'J'«■■^^Ar'' ''>!'' 'h(»lr Best Localities for Game and Fisii> How to ■■■*',•' . '^^ ^»v'l^^^.^:^ 'txl ' -•MrA-Avdj: ' . - '; S' ■7^ ■ .H ■ ,#! .UyWrB»V,r«IHTINO« STATMWtRV.Ip? MlflT.Sp. . Alia . ft ■ T' .y ■"•H'-'^aiv III, 1 11 fM^S,-, •^^rm K;'' :. Rporting holiday l^re^ Mr* Wysttisantdd.voyf^fsuiva&dJuua tltevelliip^ eiipmence prpbably vnot exeeeded by anyone vcl tbii cotihl^. . His afiinll t^ di^cajdt ttn Hrko $ii6nld Jo, how they shotild ifo, when tilt^y ^ ahpoj^l ffo, the cost of going, tod 5d)iat:thto' been' attBined in ain/'i dmiiar work of thfikkind. ■ The tgracUcal jlx^^im ■ "hiph travellei^, ana <(ipedaUy settlet^, fib.groatly neeo^ and whi<;h4a so frequently ' coi)iq[dcudus, by its^ a^ feom woifie ot^tbci Jdbdj Will be h^ i0iind[.*'-o LiviH'pofa paup Post. .:[■ : " / ':-■- ,,v'>:-V. ■ ";:'''-*-v-/,''. ^.^■■■''■.■''.■:-^- ■■ , She iboye |b the title of a useful pami^hlet on tiiie region how 09 full of inteihwt to us aU'as coiisnthei^ and to 'znat^y who ar^ di^ekned to seek beyond the leit for opportt)hitiei whi^han growing too limit^vihBhgland, The book oontainRr a godd deed of inlo^^atiO!^ both {6r settler* i^^ travellers. |t« table of 'contents will best ucw the rahgi of; f iMsts it diealtf "^tb :r>-!£Dtrodactary, Jelaaitoba, honiW of ^our Own, WFitishr farmeris' dele^- :giikte8*«j>ioioh of <3anadtt, doici^iion, clim^) ioiL fertility of Hik ooujJHby, iQdno^n^ehW.for iJetllers. free homes, prairie ana 'wood Iskii^^, prioe of: imrarovied f iHl^ee| pAld. oost of provisions, dothhig^ etc., lakes and riteri,' fttei^;coiil< gaodie, snt^nd sportiii^> fish, disttoces &^ liyerp^ pntiiiRO, dty of Toronto, cigiortherh lakep, firee lands^ cost of going, what to. take, how to go, whon Ci^/ m, letWrfi ' . from ol4 oou^tr^ f ai'mers, wh<;s should gjor^ 1^. One very ' isfief ul idsiit^xe of tidsiimi^t hook IB tile free (iuo^}^oh«:£(t)m the re^M^rtS' of the fanno)^. wh<^ ufit year went Out to inspwt thesd netiiiyropen/94 rjpgioiu. The ^reader maY ^ytkero ythit ^r^wotlcat men Ijti^ of :thein as hii^v^^f^Brithdi'fap^^ and ^rkipgr m^in^-^ii^inrj^ / " Tbk DoiqiNioir or OANiOtA ; Mtoitoba, tho C^uii^^liM} l^or^-West and Oht^o. By "GkorgoH. Wyatt*' An ifssaiist wiih a Jtrong ttorn fdr^ humouir >nrrote xectintiy-^*' ^0 best viewfilrs aiie &^ whb.haye theouriosi^^ to look into th«I?ookah.thHv^^th«re, ma SBitii a r«»c^ w^^^* <^ the oJ^^i^ns^M oBdiitMc i^obrnparatteelyami^ i dtendiag et%it(M[lts/tid^ they^ wfil M f^iiklMorma^^h^^ ax^B^lyJ«»ti(irtiti«:«ik f'•:> • * • . ■ • »- •^ ■«• .» % *^ ♦ ■• » .'* '^ ' -t,'^' ♦.'♦♦'I U: ..: jT' >^ '.J r> ^ * . J ' s .1*1 • ^•^ ' • ,» . h ■ .? .« i •, » * •>• . '*■; .V ' . »» 1 % * • • • * .v . •• ••'■ ' >?^W- .» ' •* .• .. ».^ , ». X .#. ^ ••. • . i•..^ • fc^. •• ^ . #»-*»• ..» •. . - ■ ■ * ' • *» * •»« .;«'«••••• • t« «» • .M*1k KEFEBENCE LIBRARY 'D\"I.\>i*)\ /i'-i ..■ ^' ( ?■' T H B TRAVELLER'S AND SPORTSMAN'S GUIDE TO Tua PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS & VILLAGES. MBAR THlt HUNTING & FISHING GROUNDS OF THE GEEAT NORTHEEN LAKES IN CANADA & MANITOBA : BBIMO A DESCBIPTION OV THE JOURNEY FROM LIVERPOOL to the River "St. LAWRENCE," Lakes "ONTARIO," "SIMCOE," "MUSKOKA," "CHOUCHICHING," the "GEORGIAN BAY," Lakes "HURON," "SUPERIOR," "WINNIPEG," "MANITOBA." AND THEIR CONNECTING RIVERS. GIVING THE BEST ROUTE TO THE GAME AND FISH SPORTING LOCALITIES— HOW TO GO— COST OF JOURNEY— OUTFIT-WHAT TO TAKE FOR CAMPING-PISTANCES, &c. By GEO. H. W^YATT, TORONTO, CANADA. THE LIVERPOOL PRINTING AND STATIONERY COMPANY, LIMITED, 38, Castle Strbbt. 1880. •u i I CONTENTS. Description of the Lakes and Rivers in the New North-West of Manitoba— Departure from Liverpool— How to Pack Up— The Voyage— Quebec— Salmon Fishing in the St. Lawrence, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto— The Hunting and Fishing Grounds of Lakes Simcoe, Chouchiching, Muskoka, Georgian Bay, Sault St. Marie, Lake Superior, via Collingwood— Toronto to Sarnia— Lake Huron— Manitoulin Island— Bruce Mines— Splendid Fishing in Nepigon River, Thunder Bay, Fort William— Duluth— City of Winnipeg — Manitoba— Lakes and Rivers — Peace River — Description of Camping out on the Prairies— What the Manitoba climate is — Running Rapids in a Canoe — The Game and Fish to be found in the North West— A Buffalo Hunt— What the Camping Outfit should be— Cost of Tonts— Canada as a Home— Game Laws — Distances and Cost of going to the principal places irom Liverpool, &c. .> PREFACE. This little work is published, not only to descclbe to the Sportsman the best Ground for Game and Fish in Western Canada, the New North-west, and Manitoba, but also to inform the Traveller from Great Britain the easiest way of reaching the various Cities, Towns, and Villages, between Liverpool, Canada, and the New North-west, that are on the route. It tells him what to take for the ocean and inland trip — how to pack up — the camping outfit — cost of going — hotel accommodation, &c. A residence of nearly 30 years in Canada, and, with few exceptions, personally knowing every part of the country described, is a guarantee that the informa- tion given in the following pages will be found useful and reliable. ^ G. H. W. / %>>\.\ » Jr i J , 41 THE * TRAVELLER'S MD SPORTSMAN'S GUIDE ■'■'■''';'■ V ' ■ "._■ TO THB ?t GREAT NORTHERN LAKES ' CANADA AND MANITOBA. The recent possession by the Government of the Dominion of Canada, of the vast prairie and woodlandft of Manitoba and the New North-west, which until the last few years were the exclusive breeding and hunting lands of the North-west and Hudson Bay Companies, and consequently forbidden ground to the sportsman, has opened a new fi(;ld abounding in every description of game (both large and small) and fish, as has been fully realised by many keen sportsmen from Great Britain; and the wise protective Game Laws now in force in the older Provinces of Canada have checked the former reckless destruction of game and fish, and afford in many parts ex- cellent sport to those who do not wish to go to the further off Northern Lakes. Before beginning a description of the journey from Liverpool to Canada and Manitoba, for those in search of a pleasure trip, or for game, no better idea of the immense length and size of the lakes and rivers in the New Manitoba Country can be given than by quoting an extract from a speech delivered by the late Governor General of Canada, the Earl of Dufferin, at Winnipeg, in Seplember, 1877. He said ** In a recent remarkably witty speech, the Marquis of Salisbury alluded to the geographical misconceptions often engendered by the smallness of the maps upon which the figure of the world is depicted. To this cause is probably Hi t to be attributed the inadequate idea entertained by the best educated persons of the extent of Her Majesty's North American possessions. Perhaps the best way of correcting such a universal misapprehension would be by a summary of the rivers which flow through them, for we know that as a poor man cannot afford to live in a big house, so a small country cannot support a big river. Now, to an Englishman or a Frenchman, the Severn or the Thames, the Seine or the Khon^, would appear con- siderable streams, but in the Ottawa, a mere affluent of the St. Lawrence, an affluent, moreover, which reaches the parent stream six hundred miles from its mouth, we have a river nearly five hundred miles long, and three or four times as big as an^ of them. "B?it, even after having ascended the St. Lawrence itself to I^ake Ontario, and pursued it across Lake Huron, the Niagara, the St. Clair, and lake Superior, to Thunder Bay, a distance of one thousand five hundred miles, where are we ? In the estimation of the person who has made the journey, at the end of all things ; but to us, who know better, scarcely .;t the commencement of the great fluvial systems of the Dominion ; — for, fi'om that spot — that is to say, from Thunder Bay — we are able at once to ship our astonished traveller on to the Kaministiquias, a river of some hundred milec long. Thence almost in a straight line we launch him on to Lake Shebandowan and Rainy Lake and River — whose proper name by the by is * R^n^,' after the man who discovered it — a magnificent stream three hundred yards broad, and a couple of hundred miles long, down whose tranquil bosom he floats into the Lake of the Woods where he finds himself on a sheet of water which, though diminutive as compared with the inland seas he has left behind him, will prooably be found suffici- ently extensive to render him fearfully sea-sick during his passage across it. For the last eighty miles of his voyage, however, he will be consoled by sailing through a succession of land-locked channels, the beauty of whose scenery, while it resembles, certainly excels, the far-famed Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence. ■;#^f«:^r3s.j!r>-?T»p;v*»''«' ■ >7 the ay of by a or we a big river, sill or con- |nt of tches h, we ee or " From this lacustrian paradise of sylvan beauty wr are able at once to transfer our friends to the Winnipeg, a river whose existence in the very heart and centre of die continent is in itself one of Nature's moF^t delightful miracles, so beautiful and varied are its rocky banks, its tufted islands, so broad, so deep, so fervid is the volume of its waters, the extent of their lake-like expansions, and the tremendous power of their rapids. ** At last let us suppose we have landed our traveller at the town of Winnipeg, the half-way house of the continent, the capital of the Prairie Province, and I trust the future 'umbilicus' of the Dominion. Having had so much of water, having now reached the home of the buffalo, like the extenuated Falstaff, he naturally 'babbles of green fields/ and careers in imagination over the primeval grasses of the prairie. Not at all. Escorted by Mr. Mayor and the Town Council, we take him down to your quay, and ask him \yhich he will ascend first, the Red River or the Assiniboine, two streams, the one five hundred miles long, the other four hundred j'ud eighty, which 80 happily mingle their waters within your city limits. ■'-r-i'i': „r: v^.-'-v .*,v-^-;-.:. -> "After having given him a. ^yreliminary canter upon these respective rivers, we take him off to Lake Winnipeg, an inland sea three hundred miles long and upwards of sixty broad, during the navigation of which for many a weary hour he wiU find himself out of sight of land, and probably a good deal more indisposed than ever he was on the Lake of Woods, or even the Atlantic. " At the North-west angle of Lake Winnipeg he hits upon the mcuth of the Saskatchewan, the gateway and high road to the North-west, and the starting point to another one thousand five hundred miles ot navigable water flowing n^^arly due east and west between its alluvial banks. ** Having now reached the foot of the Rooky Mountains, our ' Ancient Mariner ' — for by this time he will be quite entitled to such an appellation-^knowing that water cannot run up hill, feels certain his aquatic experiences are *: f •;:. 8 concluded. He was never more mistaken. We imme- diately launch him upon the Athahaska and Mackenzie Rivers, and start liim on a longer trip than he has yet undertaken — the naviti;ation of the Mackenzie River alone exceeding two thousand iive hundred miles. If he survives this last experience, we wind up his pere.ijrinations by a concludinir voyage of ore thousand four hundred miles down the Eraser River ; or, if he prefers it, the Thompson River to Victoria, in Vancouver, whence, havii^g previously provided him with a first-class return ticket for that purpose, he will probably prefer getting home via the Canadian Paciiic. "Kow, in tliis enumeration, those who are acquainted with the country are aware that for the sake of brevity I have omitted thousands of miles of other lakes and rivers which water various regions of the North-west — the Qu'Appelle River, BelJy River, Lake Manitoba, the Winnepegosis, Shoal Lake, &c., &c., along which 1 might have dragged and finally exterminated our way-worn guest — but the sketch I have given is more than sufficient for my purpose ; and when it is further remembered that the most of these streams flow for their entire length through alluvial plains of the richest description, where year after year wheat can be raised without manure, or any sensible diminution in ils yield, and wliere the soil everywhere presents the appearance of a highly-cultivated suburban kitchen garden in England, enough has been said to display the agricultural riches of the territories I have referred to, and the capabilities they possess of affording happy and prosperous hon^es to millions of the hums a race." fol icl LIVERPOOL TO TORONTO. Presuming the intending traveller and sportsman, bound for Canada or the Norih- .-. est Manitoba on business or pleasure, has secured his passage by one of the Steam- ship Lines leaving Liverpool for Quebec, the following udvice is offered as to what size baggage should be taken » for the journey — but this does not refer to the settler who intends taking up his abode in the new country or Canada. Each cabin passenger is allowed 20 cubic feet on the Ocean steamers, equal to about four moderate-size trunks. In travelling through Canada it is seld(tm any extra charge is made over the one hundred pounds allowed on the Kailroad, unless much bulk is carried. Trunks should be of leather. It is the strongest, and is advisable to be covered with canvas. They should not be too large where it is necessary to have them always with you, but should be suitable to fit under your cabin berth, seat of a boat, or any land conveyance — 24 to 30 inches long by 10 to 12 inchps deep is a convenient size. Take as little hand-baggage as possible. A warm rug, and water-proof coat, witli leggings, is necessary. As almost every re- quisite article ciui be bought in any Canadian village and town at reasonable prices, it is well not to burthen yourself with too much luggage. In another part of the book will be found all necessary information as to what clothing, &c., also the camping outfit, is required. COMMENCEMENT OF THE JOURNEY. ?,- Having now made all his arrangeir ents, the traveller finds himself and luggage on board one of the fine Trans- atlantic Mail Steamships, bound to Quebec, on a summer day-^and we now commence the journey to Canada. The first thing to look after when on board is to see your luggage that is marked for your cabin sent there, and stand by on deck until you see it carried below, as often mistakes occur in stewards sending wrong luggage to wrong* rooms, leading to some confusion. This being arranged, we will now look around us. All is bustle and noise ; everything seems topsy-turvey, for the last of the passengers, with lots of luggage, haa just come aboard, and we are on the point of sailing. In a few moments the last good-byes are said, the tender casts off, the machinery moves, and our great ship glides slowly down the broad stream, bound for the Far Vy'est. 10 Presently we are in the Channel ; if it he rough, those with delicate stomachs disappear, while the old sailors pace the- deck, talk wisely of the weather, or hegin the business of acquaintance-making. All night we plough the Channel northward, and next morning come to anchor off Green-^ castle, in beautiful Loch Foyle, there to await the English mail and the Irish passengers. Early in the evening these art on board ; once more " the anchor's weighed," and now we are off in earnest for the Western World. When we come to look around us we find that, on tie- whole, we are with agreeable people, with some of whoia we soon get up a speaking acquaintanceship, which becomes more intimate the longer we are out. Lawyers, doctors, clergymen, farmers, sportsmen, comfortable-looking families going out to Canada to remain there, and Canadian merchants and buyers. Some of these latter we find have crossed the Atlantic scores of times, and are genial, sociable men, having a firm and an abiding faith in the future of their young country. The time goes by in a pleasant, "dreamy sort of way, for there is rarely bad weather at this season of the year. In the way of amusements and recre- ation, there are books, cards, chess, music, a concert, with readings and acting charades, eating, drinking, and flirtation ; and, very likely, a little sea-sickness, though probably the victims of the latter would hardly call it an amusement. On Sunday there is service in the saloon, to which the steerage passengers are invited. The service is yery simple : the ordinary morning prayers are read, a couple of hymns are sung, the benediction is pronounced, and the proceedings are over. On the fifth or sixth day out from Ireland we come in sight of the rugged coast of Newfoundland, and another day's run takes us through the straits of Belle Isle, into the gulf of St. Lawrence. A few hours later we sight the island of Anticosti on the right, and. here we see the first signs of civilization in the shape of a fishing hamlet or two- at the water's edge. Further on we enter the mighty St. Lawrence itself, and thence to Quebec we have the land on either side, though at certain points, so great is the* n width of this majestic river, you cannot see the land except in very clear weather. As we advance up the stream we pass village after village of the French inhabitants, their white houses nestling in pleasant gardens, with a glorious back-ground of deep green, stretching away in the distunce as far as the eye can reach, and forming a picture only to be seen there. And so we move on, the towns increasing in number and size, till, on the eighth or ninth day out, the frand old fortress of Quebec looms up as we round Point jevis ; a little later our noble ship is tied up at the landing stage, and we step ashore on Canadian soil. Quebec is one of the most interesting cities on the , American continent. THB ST. LAWRENCE SALMON FISHING is known as the finest sport in the world, since the Rivers have been preserved by the Government. Permits to fish, under certain restrictions, can be generally obtained from the Lessees through a friend's introduction. The following interesting letter from a correspondent of the " Albany Journal," describes a few days' Salmon Fishing on the River St. Marguerite : — " The close season having pasi^ed, the river soon began to swarm with salmon; and while our scores were not extraordinary, they wore sufficient. But it is hard work this casting from the sea-shore and being obliged to follow ycnr fish (unless you kill them in the pool where they are hooked, which can seldom be done) through rapids and over rocks and slippery * shingle,* sometimes for a mile or more. To do this successfully requires a great deal more skill and tact than when, in large rivers, you can follow your fish in a canoe and kill him at your leisure. Here the water is shallow almost everywhere Hardly any of the pools are more than a hundred paces in length, and there are rapids at the foot of each, full of jagged rocks, to which you are liable to become hitched if the least slack is given to your line. Indeed, this danger is not confined to the water. Huge boulders cover the banks as 12 well, and one of the most important duties of your gaffer is to lift your line over these boulders, as you come to them, with the handle of his gaff. And it is no uncommon thing that you are obliged to wade, waist deep, in following some heady monster that you can not check. But the greater the difficulties, and the greater the risks, the greater the excitement. Only once did I hesitate to follow my fish on account of the depth of the water. He had passed through a long ntpid in spite of me, and had reached the pool '^elow, which was too deep for wading. As the bank made sheer down to the water, there was nothing for it but to plunge in or give up the battle. A moment's hesittition would hava been fatal, and as I preferred rather to lose my fish than to swim for him, I ignominiously pressed my rod over into the hanJs of my gaffer, with ihe inhuman injunction, ' go for him I ' And *go for liim' he did. He was a plucky little half-breed. His blood was up, and he would sooner have lost his scalp than that salmon. The moment his hand touched the rod away he went swimming like a duck with one hand, while he held up the rod at its proper angle with the other, until he reached terra firma^ where it became tiasy work to bring the gamey brute to gaff. He gracefully offered me the rod wh'^n this safe point was reached , but as he had earned the honor, I simply said, ' No ; you kill him ! ' ami in five minutes the battle was over, and a twenty-nine pound fish was the issue. *' And thus for ten days we continued to gather in the spoil — not wustefuUy nor in extraordinary numbers, but enough and to meet our reasonable expectations, and to satisfy our moderate desires. " Those who have always fished from canoes on such rivers as the Cascapedia and liestagouche, will find it needful to serve at least one season's apprenticeship before they get the bang of this shcre-casting and shallow-water fishing. It requires much greater care in casting to keep your hooks from coming in contact with the rocks behind you. But as the pools are small, very long casts are seldom necessary, so that the risk is not so great as it 13 otherwise would be. Higher up the river than we were there are larger pools, longer stretches of still water, and more ample room for boats for those who wif to use them. We hope, on our next visit, to extend our explor- ations and avail ourselves of whatever facilities are at hand, to fully test all the good qualities of this magnificent river. i i . « . " After the salmon season closes, there is no finer river in the world for trout. By making a carry of four or five miles from the Saugenay, visitors cnn strike the river sixty miles above its mouth, and float down the whole distance in canoes. At that time there are trout everywhere in the greatest abundance, and of immense weight — ranging from three to eight pounds. It is a trip which any enthusiastic angler might covet, and would certainly enjoy." After the baggage is landed from the steamship, and inland tickets exchanged at the office on tlie Landing Pier, we will now proceed westward to Toronto. There are two ways of goinsr, either by the Grand Trunk Railroad or by the River St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario. The steamers on the river between Quebec and Montreal are not surpassed by any steamboats on the Continent of America. Time, however, being an object to us, we take the Grand Trunk Railroad, and soon find ourselves seated in the splendid day cars of this popular railroad, and, after a pleasant run of 170 miles, find ourselves in Montreal. MONTREAL, One of the finest cities on the Continent of America, which no one should pass without visiting the grand churches, public buildings, and splendid private residences. The beautiful drive around the mountain, where a splendid view of the noble St. Lawrence forming its junction with the far-fumed Ottawa river, the Lachene Rapids, the world-renowned Victoria Bridge, 9,200 feet in length, is seen. Montreal possesses many other attrac- tions which space does not admit of describing. The 14 principal hotels are the '* Windsor" and the ** St. Lawrence Hall. The former has been recently built, and is one of the finest on the Continent, but we should recommend the traveller and tourist to stop at the old favourite " St. Lawrence Hall," where he will find one of the best and most comfortable hotels in America, and in its genial proprietor, Mr. Hogan, a veteran sportsman. The head offices of the Mail Line of Steamers running up the St. Lawrence to Toronto and Hamilton at the head of Lake Ontario are in Montreal, and if not in a hurry for a dav, the traveller will find the route very interesting and comfortable. The steamers are iron, well officered, and the table is excellent, with spacious state rooms. Returning from Toronto, all these steamers run the world-renowned rapids of the St. Lawrence, which every one visiting (Janada must see. . OTTAWA is about 160 miles from Montreal by rail, and the junction is made with the Ottawa and St. Lawrence railroad at Prescott to Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion of Canada, possess- ing magnificent parliament buildings, &c. Above the Chaudiere Falls, on the upper Ottawa River, will be found most excellent fishing. From Ottawa to Kingston, by rail, is 115 miles. The latter place, founded in 1783, was at one time the old capital of Canada, and is situated at the foot of Lake Ontario, and the entrance to the St. I^awrence river. About 30 miles down the river from Kingston, near Alexander Bay, will be found excellent bass and pickeral fishing. Proceeding onwards to 1 oronto, we pyjss Peterboro, in the rear of which town commences a chain of small lakes of about 60 miles, which affords good deer shooting. The nez t town 5 passed are Cobourg and Port Hope, from which places you can reach Rice Lake, the Otanabee rivers, &c., both places being good sporting grounds for duck, black bass, &c. In 12 hours afler leaving Montreal, we reach Toronto, 333 miles, and here' the journey to the Great Northern lakes begin. 15 We have enjoyed the ride from Montreal on the Grand Trunk Road, with its smooth steel track, handsome easy riding carriages, regular time, and obliging conductors. All travellers must notice the superioritv of the American system of railway travel. At the refreshment stations, for instance, notice is given through all the cars before their arrival at the station, of the tune you have to stop. A few minutes before the time is up a bell is rung, and every one has ample time to take their seats before the train moves. Contrast this with the usual English railway system. We will imagine a stranger coming from London to Liverpool, understands the train stops a few minutes at — we will suppose Crewe or Rugby. On arrival at the station, the traveller gets out of his carriage, asks one of the numerous railroad porters how long the train stops, gets the usual replv, **a few minutes," "one or two minutes," or " don't know," ne then rushes across to the refreshment room, gets his sandwich, watching nervously tlie train, shortly hears a bell, scream of the whistle, and sees the train moving of¥, all in a minute ; running to what he supposes is tne carriage he came in, and as they are poorly numbered generally, and the carriages of each class look as much alike as two peas — often gets into the wrong compart- ment, and has to remain untU the next stop. Now, on a Canadian Railroad yerior itroit them ILake way •gian Ste. bout iside' ani- oche the ther and ^ via lail- Bay 8 of aed the ler ts. en ■-■ - ■' • 19 from Toronto to Lake Superior, but as the traveller and sportsman wishes to see the " Muskoka " district, we will first take the " CoUingwood " route, and afterwards describe fche Sarnia Line. Leaving, therefore, Toronto, by one of the express trains of the Northern Railway, and seated in one of its palace parlour cars, we look out upon a well populated and rich farming country. The appointments of this railway are first-class, and the station-houses models of neatness and beauty. Nearly all have tnsteful flower gardens and lawns attached, with jets of water spouting from fountains that cool and refresh the plants, utilizing a space not required at present. The height of land between Lakes Ontario and Huron is reached at the summit (26 miles from Toronto) which is 775 feet above the level of Lake Ontario, and 415 feet above that of Lake Kuron. Bradford Is close to the Holland River Marsh, a locality celebrated amongst sportsmen for its abundant supply of snipe, wild duck, etc., and for maskinonge and bass fishing. Passing northward, we come to the Lefroy Junction, with the Belle Ewart branch connecting with Lake Simcoe. At this end of Lake Simcoe will also be found good pickerel, bass, and other fish. ^ Allendale ' Is the point of junction with the " Muskoka" branch, the main lir^e continuing a distance of 42 miles further to Colling wood, on the shores of the Georgian Bay. This refreshment station is at the head of the Kempenfeldt Bay, famous for its, fishing, and a delightful summer resort. Barrie, ' ;-; The County Town, a prosperous place of 5,000 inhabitants, is on the opposite shore of the KeAupenfeldt Bay, its houses and church spires rising picturesquely upon the sloping hill-side. The Hamilton and North- Western Railroad here con- nects from Hamilton, and southern Ontario. 1 Hi \ h ^1' I: 20 Near Hawkstone are some excellent trout streams. Lake Simcoe is the largest of the inland lakes of Ontario, being 30 miles long and 16 broad. Its shores are characterized by great sylvan beauty. The black bass, pickerel and salnion-trout fishing in the lake is most excellent, and ready access is gained to the celebrated Trading Lake and Sparrow Lake, where maskinonge, black bass, speckled trout, etc., are found in abundance, and the best of duck and partridge shooting in season. The steamer " Lady of the Lakes" skirts the upper shores of the lake, past deep bays, whose wooded promontories jut out picturesquely into the lake, and sighting Atherly after an easy run of two hours, passes Grape and other islands closely clustered together and enters the " Narrows," the water channel joining Lake Simcoe with Couchiching, at which the first view is here gained, and passing through the swing bridges of the Muskoka and Midland Railways soon, upon a point stretch'ng out into the lake, is seen the Couchiching Park The steamer rounds the point, and our '* water tourist " is landed at OriUia, Orlllia, Fast rising in importance, is situated at the foot of Lake Couchiching upon a hill-side facing the water. It is a favourite centre of summer travel, the hotels excellent and the neighbourhood enjoyable. Close by it is the beautiful Couchiching Park, and the neighbourhood gives scope for pleasant rides and drives, while sailing and boating, and the steamers " Lady of the Lakes," " Cariella," etc., on Lake Simcoe and Couchiching, afford opportunities for chnrming water parties and ])ic-nics. The sportsman can here find some excellent black bass fishing. : . > . Among the various points of interest on the lakes are the Ojibbeway settlement of Indians at Rama, Chief Island, Longford, the Quarries, the Rapids and Falls of the Severn, and Washago. Ung fed the the m ' ' - 21 ' '•: ■ Lake Couchiching. - . i - v. . The tourist, struck by the peculiarity of the name, now asks ifs meaning Indian nomenclature is always appropriate and descriptive ; here the varying breezes welcome adjuncts of a summer resort, that fan the surface of the lake, have given the Indian name for " Lake of many winds." This locality is among the highest in Ontario, being 750 feet above Lake Ontario, 415 above Lake Huron, and 390 feet above Lake Superior. Ihe plainest evidence of thir^ is the flow of the waters, which run northward; thenco, by a succession of rapids and falls, • down the Severn River, gain the Georgian Bay, from tliere passing into Lake Huron, and so down Lake Erie over the Niagara Falls to Lake Ontario, thus making a circuit of 800 miles to return to a point within 40 miles of their source. The rnpidity of the rise from Lake Ontario may thus be judged ; and the consequent elevation and clearness of the atmosphere and cool breezes would, apart from any other consideration, be sufficient to commend the locality as a favourite one for summer visit. A pleasant place is the Couchiching Park, situated on the point of a narrow promontory, projecting a mile and a haK northward into the lake, and surrounded on three sides by water; thus, come from wliatever quarter it m.'»y, every breeze has ]A^y, while the lake on the one side or the other, being protected by the point from wind and wave, pleasm-e boating in safe calm waters can at all times be enjoyed. Splendid brook trouo are caught in the streams in the neigh! lourhood, and the finest black bass fishing in America is in these surrounding Lakes. Gravenhurst, From its position, is the key to the great Lake District of theMuskoka, Maganetawan, and Nipissing regions, possess- ing excellent facilities for first-class railway system to the southward, and by steamers on the lakes and stages on the colonization roads to the northward. The immediate neighbourhood affords considerable attraction for the I," 22 tourist and sportsmen. Brook trout (in limited quantities), salmon trout, bass and pickerel fishing in abundance ; deer, partridge, hare, and a limited amount of duck shooting, all quite convenient to the village. Boats to be had at moderate rates. r < ' . Sparrow Lake. - ?r First among the sporting districts of Muskoka, met on the Northward trip, is the Severn River. At Severn Bridge the tourist will take the steamer " Pioneer," ar,d, after a shorfi run down the Eiver Severn, reach Sparrow Lake, which has long been celebrated for the excellence of its fishing, but particularly for the deer, duck and ruffled grouse shooting obtainable in their proper seasons. Many spots are available for pic-nics and camping, especially near the rapids at the lower end. Proceeding further down the river, an interesting canoe route is available, and easily traced through Beaver, Legs, and Pine I^akes, with short portages to Gravenhurst, for which Indians and canoes can be got at Rama. An easy one- day excursion to Sparrow Lake and return can be made from Orillia. Proceeding down the Severn River, a splendid fishing trip can be mtido following tVe stream through Six Mile Bay and Gloucester Pool to its outlet in Georgian Bay, opposite Waubaushene and Penetanguishene. There being many portages, however, the trip should be made with a guide. Lake Muskoka. This lake, which gives its name to the whole distrist, is the largest in expai je. The tourist having arrived at Gravenhurst, the steamer Wenonah makes the tour of Lake Muskoka, calling first at Walker's Point, ei/^ht miles from Gravenhurst. G"'id bass fishing at Shanty Bay, close at hand ; also, excellent salmon-trout and bass fishing a little to the nortli, near the Flower Pot island. This place is sometimes called Long Point ; seven miles further IS Point Kaye, and shortly after Torrence. There is a Post Office and landing place at Little ies), leer, ling, at on [era pd, Current, in the Township of Wood, nineteen miles from Gravenhurst, where the steamer calls semi-weekly, and which has beautiful scenery and good salmon-trout and bass fishing. Many residents from Toronto have purchased lots and are erecting thereon summer dwellingr for themselves. The steamer arrives about noon at Bala. This place, at the extreme lower end of steam navigation in the Lakes of Muskoka, is a most beautiful and in- teresting spot. It is here that the waters of the vast inland chain of lakes and rivers are discharged into the Muskoka River. Descending the river, amid beautiful scenery, are fine bass and pickerel fishing for a distance of about four miles; the channel here divides itself into two streams, one called the Moon River and the other the Muskoka River, discharging their respective waters into Lake Huron, many miles distant from each other. Numerous falls and rapids interrupt navigation on both streams. At the above-mentioned dividing point, there is really splendid maskinonge fishing; the fish are large and of the finest quality. Muskoka River. Starting irora Gravenhurst, the steamer Nipimng, of the Northern Lakes Navigation Company, is taken, and passing out of the bay, through T/ie Narrows^ there is a run of an hour through Lake Muskoka. The next point of interest stopped at is Bracebridore, the chief town of Muskoka. The North Falls of about 60 feet em be seen from the steamboat landing, but by driving two miles by land or going three by water, can be seen the South Falls, about I OO feet high, -v.}; >?.;,■ , ' Braccbridge is a starting point for the best sporting and fishing districts. It is also a good point at which to make a break in the trip. IndiHUfl can be engaged at Orillia, Kama, or Bracebridge, at 3s. to 58. per day. 41 24 After returning down the river and regaining the lake, in one hour is Port Carling. The village might not inaptly have been called Interlaken, from iti position between two lakes. The fishing, especially in some small lakes — Perch Lake, Pickerel Lake, Silver Lake, and Terry's Lake — hard by, it excellent. Lake Joseph. Thrice weekly the steamer goes to Lake Joseph, the first stopping place being Port Sandfield, on a short canal between the two lakes. The fishing in the neighbourhood is of a high class, some of the heaviest salmon-trout having been caught there. Port Cockburn, at the head of Lake Joseph, is a pleaftant family resorl . Travellers can here take land conveyances to Parry Sound. In Lake Joseph can be found fine salmon-trout, bass, and pickerel fishing, and excellent maskinonge fishing in Black Stone Lake, a few miles from Port Cockburn. The Lake of Bay ft, called Trading Lake is celebrated for salmon trout. The scenery on and around this lake stands unsurpassed by any of the other lakes of Muskoka. The neighbouring Waller's Creek, Hollow and Wood Lakes and their tributaries, are famous for excellent trout fishing ; good deer, duck and partridge shooting is to be had, and, with ample employment for gun and rod, the tourist cannot fail to be repaid for his visit. Maganetawan. This village, named Vfter the river ("the smooth- flowing water") is 34 miles north of Rosseau. It is situated midway between Rosseau and Nipissing, on an excellt-nt highroad. Its central position makes it an advantageous halting place for the tourist, and the intenainor settler. In the neighbourhood is some of the best land that is to be found in the district ; the fishing, consisting of trout, bass, and pickerel, is unequalled; partridges abound, and deer are plentiful, "V\'ithin an hour's distance from here is White Lake, said to be literally teeming with speckled trout; Doe Lake, farther upl re( in I cal fr 25 up the river, is also rich in scenery and sport. This region is decidedly the best in Muskoka for deer shooting, duck shoo-ing, and all kinds of fish. The rivers and lakes in continuous chains, can be ascended and descended in canoes and boats amid the best of sport. Speckled trout have been caught in the Maganetawan waters weighing from 3 to 5 lb. ; bass, 5 to 8 lb. ; pickerel, 8 to 141b. Duck shooting is to be had in almost every part of the Dominion of Canada. The birds come north in the spring of the year, and make their homes for the summer in the nume- rous small lakes to be found in the interior of every Province. They hatch their young on the shores, bringing them up on the wild rice and other food with which the lakes abound. In the autumn they are to be seen in thousands. Such hhooting does not compel one to go beyond the confines of civilization. Many of the best lakes for the purpose can be reached from the large towns in a few hours by rail or coach. At or near the lakes there are clean, comfortable, weil-kept hotels, where one may be accommodated for four, six, or eight shillings per day, everything included. Wild geese are frequently killed in these lakes, though as a rule they spend the summer further noi th, while in the woods near the lakes a day's shooting is almost certain to bring the sportsmain a well filled bag of miscellaneous game. All game is common property ; the sportsman is at liberty to shoot where he likes, what he likes, and when he likes, with this exception, that during the close time of the jear it is illegal to take game. See the Game Laws in the book. A writer in the well known sporting paper. Forest and Stream, thus speaks of the Maganetawan, "Now, a. word about the region. If a man can stand out-door life, and live on venison, trout, bass, partridges, ducks, pork, tea and crackers, there is no better place to go to in America that is as accessible. A man can go there in July, August, September or October with comfort, if he will only go in the right way, and shoot deer and catch trout to his heart's content. June to 26 August for trout, after that for deer. Remember the Maganetawan is as large as the Schuylkill at Philadelphia, or considerably wider and deeper than the Harlem at High Bridge, and that the trout have an unlimited range, and are seldom disturbed, so that they have a chance to grow. Deer can be bagged in great numbers if you choose to do so ; with a couple of good hounds, magnifi- cent sport could be had in the Fall. I have shot part- ridges with my rifle from the canoe while travelling, as they were strutting on the shore, and their * drumming ' was one of the pleasantest every-day sounds. Do not try to go without some guide. If you go there alone you will have little sport and much trouble." Niplssing. A post-office on South River, at a navigable point, two miles from the magnificent lake of the same. There are many settlers in this neighbourhood. A road has been recently completed to Roaseau, 65 miles distant. The land is excellent in this region, and a large and important settlement commenced. Excellent fishmg in the neigh- bourhood. Moose and common deer, duck, and also wild goose shooting. Waubaushene, reached by the Midland Railway from Orillia and Port Hope, another excellent headquarter for the sportsman. Sturgeon Bay, Midland, the Severn, and Coldwater rivers, in the vacinity, afford the best of bass and maskinonge fishing in the neighbourhood, and par- tridge shooting in abundance in season. Communication is by steamer from Penetanguishene. We will now leave the inland lakes and rivers of the Muskoka regions, and retrace our steps f lom Gravenhurst to (JoUingwood on Georgian Bay by the Northern Rail- road, passing Barrie and the pretty station-house and grounds of Allandale, the junction of the Northern and Hamilton and North-western Railways. If proceeding to Parry Sound or intermediate ports, we take at Colling- wood one of the steamers of the Georgian Bay Trans- portation Co., which are found to be elegant fast sailing 27 steamers, with careful attentive officers, and after a few hours' sail, anive at Parry Sound, one of the most im- portant points on the North Shore of tliC Georgian Bay, and is rapidly improving, also contains a population at present^ of about 1,100 souls. It is the capital of the vast territorial district of the same name, and contains three fine large lumber manufacturing' establishments, extensive mercantile establishments, churches, schools, courthouse, registry office, hotel, stipendiary inagistraJe, customs officer, Indian agent, printing office, and weekly newspapers. The scenery surrounding the channels of approach to Parry Sound is most picturesque and charming. 10,000 islands have been counted by the geographers of the Georgian Bay, and the iartjest number form together this archipelago. The steamers pass through their midst a perfect " maze " of channels. Several colonization roads lead to and from the interior, all terminating at this village. Two of these roads — the Parry Sound Road and the Great Noithern Road — are already, for a con>iderab]e portion' of their length, made first-elass roads, and the work is still goini; on, enabling parties to go or come. The Parry Sound is the entrance to the Free Grant Lands Teriitory, and also in the Town- ships North will be found capital deer shooting and good fishing in all the large rivers. COl.LINGWOOD AND LAKE SUPERIOR. V Now, we will take our departure from Collingwood through Georgian Bay and into Lake Superior by one of the Collingwood and Lake Superior mail line, for Dulath, where we take railroad to Manitoba, arriving there in about 24 hours without change of cars, being only one transfer by the Lake route. About five o'clock on a pleasant afternoon, on the advertised day of sailing, we step from the cars of the Northern railroad, which land you within a few feet of the steamer's gang- way, and we go aboard and proceed to one of the com- fortable state rooms the Lake Superior steamers all have. Knowing our luggage, for which we gave up our checks to ■vm ■ ( p 28 the porter of the steamer on arrival, will follow to our cabin safe, while waiting a few moments for th6 mails and baggage to come aboard, we have a view from the steamer's deck of the harbour and Collingwood, a town of some 3,000 inhabibanta, and from its favourable geogra- phical position, bids fair to become the entrepot of the through business witli the great North-west. The industries of the town are mainly applied to lumber and the preparation of supplies for the North shore. Everything being on board, and time up, the whistle sounded, and shore lines thrown off, we proceed on our trip through Georgian Lay. Passing the pretty town of Meaford, we arrive in about five hours at the harbour of Owen Sound, which has a population of 3,000, and is at the foot of a deep land-locked bay. In its situation and neighbourhood are high hills and intersecting rivers, which are full of interest. Owen Sound is the northern terminus of the Toronto, Grey, and Bruce Railway, which runs through to Toronto 127 miles, and the railroad is of itself a novelty, being constructed on the '^ narrow gauge," or 3 feet 6 inches wide, to accommodate the district of the Caledon Hills through which it runs. The cars are commodious, and parlour coaches are run on the Through Express Trains. The trfivellers and tourists will find good accommodation and fine sport at the followinji stations of the Toronto, Grey, and Bruce Railroad ;— The River Spey and River Syde'iham, close to Chatworth Station, are well-known sporting rivers. CampbeH's Hotel is the resort of many sportsmen. Markdale also gives access to trie River Saugeen and to several small inland lakes, in which are trout of large size. Flesherton is the centre for visiting the upper waters of the Beaver River, on which is good fly fishing. The beautiful " Eugenia Falls " are within five miles, and the River Saugeen reached by daily stage of 16 miles. Orangeville, a rising town of 3,000 inhabitants, is the junction with the Teeswater and Owen Sound Branches. The former gives the best rail connection from the County of Bruce, the Town of Teeswater, Wingham, Harriston, and Mount Forest, to the Georgian Bay. On the River So 29 Credit and Oaledon Lakes, within easy reach of Orange • ville, excellent trout fishing is obtainable. On the Owen Sound Branch are many spots where the fisherman can enjoy first-class brook trout fishing. <» Leading Owen Sound Harbour at night, the steamer passes into Georgian Bay again, and, at'ter eight hours* run, passes the Lonely Island Lighthouse, and arrives at Killarney, formerly called *' The Sa-wa-na-ning," or ** a Channel" — a village inhabited chiefly by Indian fishermen, who bring in large quantities of white-fisli and salmon- trout from Georgian Bay, which are hero salted and shipped io Toronto. Here commences the fine smooth river scenery of the Great North Manitoulin Channel ; and we again quote from a little work called " Picturesque Canada," which has before contributed in these pages use- ful information, a description of this " Inland route :" — *' To the north the lofty granite cliffs of the La Cloche mountains rise 200 feet above the lake, to the south the Great Manitoulin Island, in Indian days supposed to be the abode of ' The Manitou,' or ' Great Spirit,' wards off the waves of Lake Huron. A correspondent of the * Forest and Stream * thus describes the scene : — * Islands succeed islands in an unbroken continuity hour after hour as we glide on ; islands of every conceivable size and shape, more numerous than the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence many times multiplied; islands barren, wooded, sandy, rocky, columnar, gracefully rounded, pre- cipitous and gently sloping, wind-swept and storm- polished, large, diminutive, and infinitesimal ; reefs widely spread- ing, and submarine monoliths, whose peaks barely project above the surface. There is a breadth and sweep and never-ending change in the panorama, which is all-absorb- ing to a mind intent upon the picture. For one hundred and seventy miles we steam through this islaud scenery! In the calm repose of a summer's morning, when the waves are stilled and the face of the lake gleams like polished glass, the shadows fall heavily from the indented shores, and every rock and tree is sharply outlined and reproduced inverted in the mirror. Then we seem to 30 I'l ■' float on airy nothing, looking upward into cloudland and downward into cloudland, into depths, above and below, that seem illimitable. There is very little animal life upon the islands. The mainland is a eontii.uous upheaval of bare Laurentian billows of granite that once were molten." After Manitowaning, a rising settlement on the island, next on the route comes Little Current, another hamlet, and here a tide sets between the islands with a four-knot current. It is said the tide is caused by the wind, that it Bets in whichever direction the wind is blowing at the time. Still further on is the picturesque Hudson's Bay Company post, called La Cloche, with its sunny white buildings— red-roofed. The water is shoal for two miles out from the shore, so that all supplies for the post have to be landed and received at an isolated island. When the boat arrives, great birch canoes, manned by Indians of every hue and degree of miscegenation, put out from the distant shore, and with sturdy arms and many paddles skim over the intervening space. From the stern of the foremost may fly the red flag of England, and under its official uBgis a fleet of light canoes, filled with Indian boys and squaws and their pappooses, follow in the rear. When they have reached the steamboat landing, the men and boys squat in line upon the shore, and motion- leas watch the bustling operations of landing freight. The squaws sit in their canoes and nurse their progeny, never wincing under the scrutiny of the glasses levelled at them from the promenade deck. When the boat de- parts, the aboriginal coterie, having filled up the measure of this little episode in life, paddle back to headquarters. Gore Bay, one of the most important points upon Manitoulin Island, and the principal port to the Free Grant Lands, is next touched at. !' At the Bruce Mines, 307 miles from Collingwood, are the huge chimney stacks and sliops, and piles of copper ore, and ranges of hovels two miles long, that belong to the great company that delves the precious metal from the bowels of the surrounding earth. The works have cost over £50,000. Bear Lake is next passed, and after the Neboesh Rapids we piesently enter the serpentine St. Mary's Uiver, with its Indian reservation and villafi^es upon the Canadian side, and an occasional farm on the Michigan shore. Forty miles more, and we reach Sault Ste. Marie, with its foaming rapids, its great ship canal, and the rival villages that confront each other from either shore. Here, it one wishes to tarry, he will find good fishing in the neighbourhood. SAULT STE. MARIE. ' ' v-; On the American side is the great ship canal, with locks 350 feet long and 70 feet wide, but which are now being enlarged. Touiists can either stop over and go on by the next steamer of the line, or, * during the delay of about four hours while the steamer is passing the locks, enjoy some fishing or " run the rapids ;" canoes and two men can be hired at 2s. for each person. The white-fish of the Sault are the finest and firmest of the lakes. It is interesting to watch the Indians as, poling their canoes up the surging rapids, they peer through the clear waters to discover the fish swimming in the channels in the rocks, when suddenly dropping down with the swift current, they sweep them out with their loHg-handled scoop net. There are numerous Indians on hand to lend their services and canoes, and if the sportsman wiU try the Gar- den River, on the Canada side, he can fill his creel with trout. Sixteen miles below the Sault is Hay Lake and its outlets, affording fine trouting^and good duck shooting in their respective seasons. There are very comfortable hotels at Sault Ste. Marie. The Canadian side is more picturesque, and there are some handsome private resi- dences there. The waters of Lake Superior here pour over the Sault Ste. Marie Falls. There is no one bold single fall, but a continuous rapid of about three quarters of a mile in length, the waters rushing down with great fury and breaking in huge waves over the rocks. 32 I LAKE HURON. Before entering into Lake Superior, havinsr brought the traveller as far as the Sault, by the Collingwood line of steamers, we will make now a trip from Toronto through Western Canada to Port Edward, and proceed through Lake Huron to the Sault by the Sarnia Lme. From Toronto we proceed westward, either by the Grand Trunk or Great Western railway, which latter road passes through Hamilton, London, and a grand agricultural country to Sarnia. Hamilton is a progressing city, gener- ally known as the " Ambitious City," from its go-ahead- iveness, and is situated on Burlington Bay. The next large place on the G. W. R. is London, situated in the heart of the best farming section in Western Canada, and a most promising, rising town. London, also like its namesake,, possesses its "Thames," and for fear our travelling friends might wish to try its fishing, the following facetious writer in the Detroit Free Press makes **it even" with a lival Canadian correspondent in a recent paper. "Navigation has closed at London, Canada. It may seem rather early in the season, yet the Advertiser says : * Owing to the lowness of the water, all the steamboats have stopped running on the Thames.' This state of things is deplorable when the lowness is due to natural causes, but this is not the case in London. The utter stoppage of the vessels' interests is caused by the new water works pumping too much out of the river, and it is feared that, if this hot weather continues, the river will be forced into bankniptcy, and London will have to forego all hope of being a promi- nent maritime city. No doubt several pails of water have been taken on the sly from this mammoth stream, and thus the interests of navigation have been seriously jeopar- dised by unthink* .g persons. Any person who has had the privilfge of gflzing on the magnificent proportions of the Thames at London might imagine that the steamers were about the size of a Detroit River skiff, but, in reality, they are large boats, that will carry 300 persons. Last year, 200 Detroiters, who were visiting London, greatly enjoyed their four-mile ride on the little river and big steamer. The steamers are broad and flat and draw very little water. During the summer a rumour reached this city that one of the steamers was lost by running ashore on an oyster can, but Mr. Wastie, Chief of the Fire Department there, and owner of the steamer, called at the Free Press ofiice shortly after and contradicted the rumour. He told some interesting anecdotes about the dangers of the deep, as shown by the navigation of the Thames at Loudon. On one occasion, the boat, with a hundred and fifty persons on board, was returning from a voyage, when a cow was seen standing on the track — that is, in the river. The cow was perfectly satisfied with her position and would not move. Unfo^'tunately, the boats are not provided with cowcatchers. For half an hour that cow kept the tired Londoners from their liomes. Every movable article on board, except the anchor, was flung at the cow. The boat was run up to the cow, and the whistle tooted, but the bovine merely moved a little up stream and chewed the cud of sweot p,nd bitter fancies. At last, a boy, for sixpence, rolled up his trowsers, stepped over the guard, and drove the cow ashore, and then climbed back on the steamer, which went on its way rejoicing. Another time the steamer, which had on a heavy load, did not return at the hour it wa<* expected. Mr. Wastie, becoming alarmed, started down the river bank in search of the missing boat. About a mile down he saw her in the centre of the stream, stuck on a sandbar, while some dozens of men were out in the river trying to shove her back. Taking the situation in at a glance, Mr Wastie mounted a bluff, made a trumpet of his hands and shouted to the captain : *■ Gst all the passengers aft; then back out and take the north channel.* The captain, who did not recognize his employer in the dusk, cried : * See here, farmer, you go and attend to your cows. I'm running this boat.' In ten minutes after Wastie was running the boat, and ruiming her toward London, too." At London the traveller branches off by the Great Western Railway to Sarnia, passing through the celebrated Coal Oil region of Petrolia. if it: 4; A h I From Toronto, by the Grand Trunk Railway, the traveller proceeds to Sarnia, 160 miles, without change of cars, passing through Guelph, a well-built town, where some good fishing may be had in streams in the neighbour- hood. Stratford is the junction of the Buffalo and Lake Huron branch of the Grand Trunk Railway, which runs north to Goderich, about 50 miles, where, on the sailing days, the traveller can take the steamers of the Samia Line to Lake Superior and Manitoba. From Stratford on, 80 miles, there is little inducement for the sports- man to stop. On arrival at Point Edward the train takes you down close to the steamers of the Sarnia Line, which arc substantial, well equiped steamers, of 1,000 tons burthen, built expressly for the route, and their cabins and menu are not surpassed by any Steamboat Line on the Great Lakes. The rirst stopping place after leaving is Goderich, a pretty little place, with a substantially-built breakwater and harbour. Leaving Goderich, the steamer skirts along the picturesque shore of Lake Huron to Kinkardine, a rising town, backed by a good agricultural county. The next stopping place is Southampton, in the neighbourhood of which place will be found some excellent trout fishing. After leaving Southampton, the steamer continues on to Cockbum Island, between Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, passing the Great Manitoulin Island and some pretty Indian villages on its shores. When inside Cockbum Island the steamer crosses to the Bruce Mines, and then proceeds on to the Sault Ste. Marie by the same way as described in the Collingwood Line route. LAKE SUPERIOR. By the time the traveller has reached thus far on his journey he will have made good friends with his neat state- room, about eight by nine, and remains so during the trip ; lor if there is one thing a traveller or tourist enjoys it is sleep while on the wing, especially when these steamers ofiTer such cosy rooms for its enjoyment, free from the noise, dust, and confinement of the rail- road carriages. On most occasions, the forward deck is the popular resort, and the officer in charge, the man that knows the 85 most — at least of the subject which has the greatest interest to passengers, namely, Lake navigation in general, and our steamer and its progress in particular. Lake Superior is 350 miles long, 170 miles broad ; its depth is 800 feet, being 200 feet below the level of the Atlantic. It is onl^ now that we begin to realize the immensity of these inland seas. The voyage for duration is like a journey to Europe. Great ships, of thousands of tons burthen, traverse its highways, and carry immense numbers of pleasure-seekers — invalids drawing new life from its p'jre air and water— the settler bound for his new liome in the North-west, the tourist and sportsman bound for the fine hunting-grounds of the North, all are found in the fine passenger steamers of the Canadian Lake Superior Lines, which are becoming so popular of late with the travelling public. Our first stopping place, about 100 miles from the South,. is Michipicoton Island and river. Here, in summer, the boats tarry a few hours, that excursionists may pick up agates along the pebbly shore, or catch huge trout in the adjacent waters. Were it not that larger fish can be taken in the Nepigon, the size and quantity of these would seem amazing. Some of the agates found here are of unusual beauty and transparency. The light- house keeper has a sort of monopoly, but sells at a reasonable rate. . ,. ., , Nepigon Bay and River is famous in America for its magnificent trout and bass fishing. The largest known speckled trout have been caught in the Nepigon Lake and River. They are on the North shore of Lake Superior. The entrance to the noble Bay is by the Straits, between lofty islands and cliffs 1,500 feet from base to summit, ragged with shattered rocks or clad with verdure, or past small islets, bare holding ground for a few small trees. At the mouth of the river is the famed Red Rock, sacred to the Manitou, and carved with hieroglyphics, the marks and relics of early Indian visits. Of this rock, from time immemorial, has the Indian lii 36 " Calumet " or pipe of peace been made, and far down upon the Mississippi, and in Mexico, in the mounds or tumuli of extinct races, are found samples of its peculiar stone. Blankets, tents, &c., and full campin^-out equipage is necessary, as there are no settlers on the river, Indians and an occasional Hudson Bay voyageur will be the only parties met with. A trip of ten days will take a party up to the lake and down again with ample time for fishing at all the best points ; still, good fishing can be had at the first rapid, one ; J a half miles above the mouth, but to ascend the river it is necessary to obtain canoes and Indians, either at Little Current, the Sault (Canada side), or at Prince Arthur's Landing ; one canoe is necessary for each three members of the party, or if much baggage is taken, for each two. Heavy supplies, such as flour, pork, and bread, can be purchased generally at the Hudson Bay Fort ; but tea, bacon, and all other delicacies should be brought with the party. The steamer passes Little Current and the Sault on its way from Collingwood, where canoes may be hired. Silver Islet is the next port. This far-famed mine is of great value, and was originally a rock but a few yards long that rose from the waves a half mile from the main land. Delving into it, and following the shining vein^ the miners have sunk their shaft six hundred feet down into the pyramid, and bringing the debris to the surface, have enlarged their insular domain, protected it with massive cribs, and erected their engine-houses and other buildings thereoji, structures of massive timbers tret-nailed and bolted together, to resist the winds and waves that beat with mighty force upon this coast. The *Mead'^ trends north-east, and the miners are now working under the lake, taking the risk of their uncertain roof falling through and letting in tlie mass of waters that flow overhead. Upon the main land are the company's stores, and other works, and other shafts are now being sunk to head off the lead. Steam-tugs ply to and from the island and bring over the precious ore and the gangs of labourers employed. 37 The next point of interest passed is Thunder Cape, the entrance to Thunder Bay, twenty miles in diameter. The Cape is 1,550 feet high, and when passing, if the steamer sounds its whistle, sends back reverberations which echo from point to point in the Bay. McKay's Mountain and Pie Island are seen from the entrance. Prince Arthur's Landing is a town of considerable impor- tance, from its short distance to the terminus of the Canada Pacific Railroad to Winnipeg, as the end of the Railroad is located on the Kaministiquia River. It contains good country hotels, and the tourist can remain over the trip for two or three days, as he chooses, and resume his passage to Daluth by any steamer of the Line he arrives by. Visiting the famous '^Kakabekah Falls," nearly resembling those of *' Niagara," and reached by the Canada Pacific Railroad, Current River with its rapids and silver mines. Pigeon River, and numerous trout streams in the ticinity, afford a few days pleasant sport and recreation. » Fort William is the oldest and most important Hudson Bay Port in Lake Superior, and is situated on the " Kaministiquia " a sluggish snakefence river. A few miles from its mouth is the location for the Canada Pacific Railroad which will be finished, it is expected, this year, to Winnipeg, about 410 miles distance, and the Canadian Lake Superior route will then form the shortest line to the sea- board through Canadian territory, and the outlet for the vast produce of the North-west by the Lakes. Leaving Thunder Bay, the steamer proceeds to Duluth, 190 miles, where the traveller disembarks, and taking the Northern Pacific and Pembena Railroad, arrives at Winnipeg in about 26 hours. No trouble is experienced at Duluth respecting luggage, as obliging agents of the Canadian line of steamers are on the landing pier to give any information and assistance in changing from the steamsr to the railway cars. At Duluth, on leavirg the steamer of the CoUingwood Line, on which a little over three days of enjoyable pleasure, of perfect rest, beautiful changing scenery, and ii?i If' 'i hi ; making agreeable acquaintanceB, has been spent, we find the steamers well adapted for the comfort of the traveller, settler, or tourist. Good staunch boats of the largest class — officers skilful in the navigation, obliging to passengers — saloon accommodation all that can be desired, will be found by anyone, making this trip either for pleasure or business, and this applies to both the Canadian Lines ; While the comforts of the immigrant or settler is not overlooked — accommodaticm for sleeping berths, to a limited number, is provided free, and meals may be had at moderate rates. The rest during the time occupied in the Lakes route, enables the settler to proceed fresh, on arrival at Winnipeg in search for his homestead. .vs^';t / . ..; WINNIPEG. > • .^. Oiu* traveller and sportsman now finds himself in Winnipeg, the entrance to the great North-west and its magnificent lakes and rivers. Increasing from less than aOO inhabitants in 1870, to over 11,000 in 1880, its pro- gress is one of the marvels of the Western world. Here the traveller will find good hotels, large wide streets, sub- stantial well-filled shops or stores, and everything that can be obtained in any other city. Situated at the junction of the Eed and Assiniboine Rivers, it connects through Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba, to the Saskatchewan, reaching to the Rocky mountains. In Winnipeg everything necessary can be obtained for the sportsman or tourist's outfit before commencing his journey by land or water. A correspondent of the London limes ^ January 7th, 1880, says: — "Winnipeg, the caj»ital of Manitoba, sur- prised me more at first sight than any one of the countless cities which I have visited on the North American Continent. The older ones frequently surpassed my utmost expectations ; the younger as frequently feU below the most moderate which I had formed of them in imagina- tion. Indeed, a pretentious city in the Far West is commonly on a par, in external appearance, with a paltry village elsewhere. I had read much about Winnipeg before 89 visiting it, and the impression left on my mind was not favourable. The Earl of Southesk, who was here in 1859, says that " there were houses enough to form a sort of scattered town." Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle, who followed him three years later, saw nothing worthy of n<)te. Captain Butler, who paid it a visit in 1870, refers to it in his ** Great Lone Land," as " the little village," and " the miserable- looking village of Winnipeg." I knew that changes had been made since Captain Butler came hither on duty connected with the Red River Expedition under Colonel (now Sir Garnet) VVolseley ; but I was not pre- pared to find that they had been so great and startling as those which I actually beheld. ** Walking down Main Street on my way to the Pacific Hotel, I could hardly realize that I was in a city incorpo- rated so recently as 1873, and supposed to be far beyond the confines of civilization. The street is 132 ft. wide, and .it is lined with shops, churches, and public buildings which would do credit to a much older and more famous place. The solid look of the majority of the edifices is as note- worthy as their ornamental design. They are built of white brick. As a rule, it is at a comparatively late stage in the gi'owth of a Western city, either in the United States or Canada, that the structures are composed of any- thing but wood ; hence, a stranger in one of them is apt to arrive at the conclusion that what he sees has been erected for a temjpoi ary purpose. Here, however, the effect is the reverse. The Town Hall and the Market, the Post Office, the Dominion Land Office, and the Custom House, to name but a few of the public edifices, are as substantial buildmgs as can be desired. No one looking at them can feel here, as is so commonly felt in other places of rapid growth on this continent, that the citizens apprehend their city will decay as rapidly as it had sprung up. While the progress of Winnipeg is one of the marvels of the Western world, there is good reason for believing that it will con- tinue at an accelerated rate, and that Winnipeg will hereafter hold in the Dominion of Canada a place corres- ponding with thai now held in the United States by Chicago." 40 Lake Winnipegosis. This lake runs north another 120 mUes, having an outlet through a small lake called Cedar Lake, which is really an enlargement of the Saskatchewan, a short dis- tance above its mouth, and so the waters of these two lakes really flow into Lake Winnipeg, through the channel or mouth of that river. Together, these two lakes are two hundred and twenty miles, from north to south, with many beautiful bays and smaller connecting lakes. The greatest breadth of Lake Manitoba is twenty-four miles, and of Lake Winnipegosis, twenty miles. Uninterrupted navigation is obtainable between these two lakes. About 75 miles up from where the Assinneboine turns to the North the Qu'Appelle River enters it ; its course is almost westerly and extends almost to the South branch of the Saskatchewan. The Qu'Appelle must be fully as long as the Assinneboine. Its valley is one of great beauty and fertility, and quite well wooded most of its length. It freque'^tly enlarges into considerable lakes,' which are filled with the finest fish, among which are found the choice white fish in great numbers. , Lake Manitoba Is about 120 miles in length and 25 miles wide. On running north it terminates through a channel of a couple of miles into Lake Winnipegosis. Excellent duck and geese shooting can be had at this lake. Lake Winnipeg, ' 50 miles from the capital, comes down into the Pro- vince of Manitoba, some fifteen miles. This lake is some 300 miles long from the mouth of the Red River to its outlet into the Hudsons Bay, near Norway House, through the River Nelson. Its course is directly north. Some twenty-five nfies down the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg, at Fort Alexander, the Winnipeg 41 River enters the lake. This is a large stream, it beiug the outlet of Rainy Lake, Lake of the Woods, in fact the entire country nearly through to Thunder Bay on Imke Superior. The best information to the hunting and fishing grounds on this lake and river can be best obtained at Winnipeg, The propellor " Colville " runs up Lake Winnipeg to the various posts, and forms a con- nection at the mouth of the Saskatchewan with two river steamers, the " Northcote " and " Lilly," the latter a steel hull. These two boats are the beginning of a regular line up the latter river. ,,, ^, The Saskatchewan. ' The North and South branches of the Saskatchewan, have their sources in the Rocky Mountains, but a few miles apart. From their nearly common source the North branch diverges North-east, and the South branch South- east, till at two hundred and fifty miles due eastward they attain a distance of three hundred miles from each other, the South branch being there within forty-five miles of the frontier; then gradually approaching, they meot at five hundred and fifty miles eastw^ard from their source. From their junction the course of the main Saskat- chewan to Lake Winnipeg is 282 miles, this makes the whole length of the Saskatchewan, from the source of the South branch, (which is the main stream) to Lake Winni- f)eg 1092 miles. Following the North branch, the total ength to Lake Winnipeg 1054| miles. On the north side of the North branch of this river is a village called Prince Albert, situated about 45 miles below Carlton. Several of the settleraihere have commenced stock-raising on a large scale, and the facilities for this branch of industry are of no ordinary kind, inasmuch as there is abundance of hay and pasture. As an evidence of the prosperity of the settlement, it may be mentioned that horses, waggons, light waggons, and buggies are found everywhere. The settlers have also the most approved agricultural implements, mowers, reapers, threshing machines, &c. » i 4': m. m 42 i The climate is exceedingly healthy, and, owing to the rolling character of the prairie and the loamy nature of the soil, ploughing can be commenced whenever the snow is off the ground, and especially on land cultivated for any length of time. Summer frost never injures anytliing. The wheat, barley, oats, roots and vegetables raised at this settlement could scarcely be excelled in any part of the world. Of the rivers not tributary to the Saskatchewan, but running within its country, and which invite settlement to their rich and beautiful valleys, the most important of which is the Assiniboine, by its very winding course, in over 600 miles in length. For 220 miles in direct distance from its mouth its course is nearly west, and above that its course for upwards of 200 miles in direct distance is North-westerly, lying nearly parallel to Lake Winnipeg, at a distance of 240 miles west of it. At 220 miles west from its mouth, where it turns northward, it receives it» tributary, the River Qu*Appelle, which continues directly westward 250 miles further, having its source near the elbow of the South branch of the Saskatchewan, 470' miles directly westward from the mouth of the Assiniboine, at the City of Winnipeg, in Manitoba. Ascending the Assiniboine from its mouth, for upwards of 70 miles, to the Sand Hills, the country through which it flows within the Province of Manitoba is of the same rich alluvial character as the Red River. Beyond tiiat is a sandy tract, 50 miles in length westward. Then for aboui* 100 miles further west, to where it turns northward at the mouth of the Qu'Appelle, and for nearly 50 miles north of that, the Assiniboine may be considered the boundaiy line between the rich prairie region and the inferior and light sandy soil so nth and west of it. Between the Sand Hills and the Qu'Appelle, the Assiniboine receives on the north side five considerable tributaries, from fifty to one hundred and fifty miles in length. Their courses being through a very fertile region, one of them, the Rapid River, or Little Saskatchewan, indicates the general character. Thif stream is beautiful M 48 iind rapid, navigable for one hundred miles for canoes and bateaux, flowing tlirough a beautiful vailey, large open rtrtls frequently occurring on both sides of the river, where the richness of the grass and the beauty of the various flowers prove the great fertility of the soil, — places marked out by Nature to be cultivated and inhabited by man. Red Deer, Bow, and Belly Rivers <,, Are tributaries of the south branch of the Saskatchewan, having their source in the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, and drain a beautiful and most fertile region, eight times greater in extent than the present Province of Manitoba. Fort Calgarry, a station of the Mounted Police, on the Bow River, is situated at the junction of Bow and Elbow Rivers, on a beautiful flat, as level as a cricket ground, and of immense extent. Buffalo are sometimes found in great abundance, the rivers filled with fine mountain trout of great size, and the climate much milder than in Manitoba or the North Saskatchewan, if not quite equal for farming in grain raising, will, from its vast extent of rich nutritious grasses, become the great stock-raising country of the North-west. At Fort McLeod, a few miles further south on the Belly River, two troops of th<^ Mounted Police are stationed, and they have a theatre and billiard table. Space will not permit us to describe all the beautiful lakes stretching from the Riding Mountains, some twenty- five miles to the North, to the Assiniboine River, about thirty miles to the South. In spring and autumn especially, myriads of wild fowl are to be seen popping over the surface of these waters, which also abound with fish. All of this, in connection with deer hunting (which can be had within easy distance), a fiord excellent pastime for the sportsman. Peace River And its surroundings is described by all travellers as the most beautiful scenery in the far North- w^est. For large ffame and fishing it is unequalled. An extract from a journal, written some years ago by Mr. McKenzie, when I u * *.$ travelling through the valley of the ** Peace River," thus describes the Spring-time :—" At this time (May) the buffaloes were attended with their young ones that were frisking around them ; and it appeared that the elks would soon exhibit the same enlivening circumstance. The whole country displayeil an exuberant venlure ; the trees that bear a blossom were advancing fast to that delightful appearance, and the velvet rind of their branches reflecting the oblique rays of a rising or setting sun, added a splendid gaiety to the scene which no expressions of mine are qualified to describe.'* Near Dnnvegnn, he says: — "Here the ground rises at intervals to a considerable height, and stretching inwards " (i.e., towards the South-east), " at every interval or pause in the rise there is a very gently ascending space or lawn with abrupt precipices, to the summit of the whole, or at least as far as the eye could distinguish. This magnificent theatre of Nature has all the decorations which the trees and animals of the country can afford it ; groves of poplars in every shape vary the scene, and their intervals are enlivened with vast herds of elks and buffaloes, the former choosing the steeps and uplands, and the latter preferring the plains." Another traveller, Mr. Simpson, in liis North-west Diary, thus describes this part of the country in the winter: — " This is a fine country for the chase, and so little frequented in winter, that it may be regarded as an extensive preserve. We saw three moose deer on the top of one of the hills ; and their tracks, and those of the wood buffalo, were numerous in every direction. The valley of the river is entirely sheltered from the in/*lement north and north-west winds, but its exposure to the east usually rendered the snow deep and soft, as we found to our cost." Next day, " just before breakfa«^ting we saw, on the northern hills, a large moose and a band of five wood-buffaloes sunning their fat sides — a sight sufficient to make the mouths of pemican eaters water ; but they were beyond our rea(*h, and taking the alarm, quickly disappeared. The declivities of the hills seemed, as we passed along, completely chequered with the tracks of these and smaller animals." Such being the winter view, what must the summer one have been I u 45 DESCRIPTION OF A DRIVE OVER THE PRAIRIES. ' ' As many of our readers have not experienced what the scenery of the Prairie land is during five months of the summer, we give an extract from a reliable work by the Rev. Mr. Grant, who camped out fifty-six nights on his journey through the Canadian North-west : — " On the first morning we looked out ind beheld a sea of green sprinkled with yellow, red, lilac, and white. None of us had ever seen a prairie before, and, behold, the half had not been told us ! As you cannot know what the ocean is without seeing it, neither can you in imagination picture the prairie. .^ " Our first evening on the prairie w^as like many another which followed it. The sky was a clear, soft unflecked blue, save all around the liorizon, where pure white clouds of many shapes and masses bordered it, like a great shield of which only the rim is embossed. The air was singularly exhilarating, yet sweet and warm, as in more southern latitudes. The road was only the trail made by the ordinary traffic, but it formed nevertheless an excellent carriage road. Far away stretched the level prairie, dotted with islets of aspens; and the sun, in his going down, dipped beneath it as he does beneath the sea. 'Nothing could be more exhilarating than our rides across the prairie, especially the morning ones. The weather, since our arrival at Fort Garry, had been de- lightful, and we knew that we had escaped the sultry heat of July, and were just at the commencement of the two pleasantest months of the year. The nights were 80 cool that the blanket was welcome, and in the evenings and mornings we could enjoy the hot tea. The air throughout the day was delicious, fresh, flower-scented, healthful, and generally breezy, so that neither horse nor rider was warm after a fifteen or twenty miles' ride. We ceased to wonder that we had not heard of a case of sickness in one of the settlers' families. Each day was like a new pic-nic. Even the short, terrific, thunder storm of the day before yesterday had been enjoyed because of its grandeur. : : 46 " August 7th. — Made a good day's journey of forty-five miles, from the Salt Lake to the junction of the Qu'Appelle and Assiniboine rivers. The first stage was ten miles, to the * Shoal Lake ' — a large and beautiful sheet of water with a pebbly or sandy beach — a capital place for a halt or for camping. The great requirements of such spots are wood, water, and f ed for the horses ; the traveller has to make his stages square with the absence or presence of those essentials. If he can get a hilly spot where th«»re are few mosquitoes, and a sheet of water large enough to bath in, and a resort of game so much the better. Arrived at the ground, the grassiest and most level spots, gently sloping, if possible, that the head may be higher than the feet, are selected. The tents are pitched over these, one tent being allotted to two persons, when comfort is desirable, though sometimes a dozen crowd inside of one. A waterproof is spread on the ground, and over that a blanket. Each man has another blanket to pull over him, and he may be sound asleep ten minutes alter arriving at the ground, if he has not to cook or wait for his supper. The horses need very little attention ; the harness is taken off and Ihev are turned Toose — the leaders or most turbulent ones being hobbled, t.e.^ their fore feet are fettered with intertwined folds of shaganappi or raw buffalo hide, so that they can only move about by a succession of short jumps. Hobbling . is the western substitute for tethering. They find out, or are driven to, the water, and, immediately after, begin grazing around ; next morning they are ready for the road. Our morning's swim and wash in Shoal Luke was a great luxury, and we had some good shooting at ducks, loons, yellowlegs, and snipe. ** The night of the 8th having been cold, we divided out more blankets the following evening by dispeasing with one tent, and sleeping three, instead of two, in each. The precaution turned out to be unnecessary, though we kept It up afterwards for the nights were always cool. This feature of cool nights after hot days is an agreeable surprise to those who know huw different it is in inland 47 countries, or wherever there is no sea breeze. It is one of the causes of the healthy appearance of the new settlers even in the summer months. With regard to the Indians you meet, there are, and can be, no Indian wars or difficulties in Manitoba. This is a matter of the utmost importance to the intending settler and sportsman. When we returned from our expedition, the Chief was interviewed at Ottawa by a deputation of the Kussian sect of Mennonitcs, who where looking out for the bept place in America or Canada, for their constituents to settle in, and one of their first questions referred to the Indians. He answered it by pulling a boy's knife out of his pocket, small blade at one end, corkscrew at the other, and told them that thai was the only weapon he had carried while travelling from Ocean to Ocean, 4,200 miles, adding that he had used only one end of even so insignificant a weapon, and that end not so often as he would have liked. v Neaii the Saskatchawan River. "Our first drive to day was fifteen, and our second twenty miles, to the * Round Hill,' over rolling or slightly brok^ prairie ; the loam was not so rich as usual, and had a sandy subsoil. Ridges and hillocks of gravel intersected or broke the general level, so that, should the railway come in this direction, abundant material for ballasting can be promised. *•» >^; '> ? oi ** The prairie to-day had an upward slope till about one o'clock, when it terminated in a range of grassy round hills. For the next hour's travelling the road wound through these; a succession of knolls enclosing cup-like basins, which in the heart of the range contained water, cither fresh or saline. Wood also began to re-appear; and, when we halted for dinner, at the height of the range, the beauty that wood, water, and bold hill-sides give, were blended in one spot. We were certainly three or four hundred feet above the prairie ; the scenery round us was bolder than is to be found in any part of Ontaria, and resembled that of the Pentlands, near Edinburgh. It is well to mention this, because of the exaggerated ideas 48 t . that some people have when a country is spoken of. The hill at the foot of which we camped rose abruptly from the rest, like the site of an ancient fortalice. Horetski de- scribed it as a New Zealand pah; one hill, like a wall, enclosing another in its centre, and a deep precipitous valley, that would have served admirably as a moat, filled with thick wood and underbush, between the two. Climb- ing to the summit of the central hill, we found ourselves in the middle of a circle, thirty or forty miles in diameter, enclosing about a thousand square miles of beautiful country. North and east it was undulating, studded with aspen groves and shining with lakes. To the south and west was a level prairie, with a sky line of hills to the south-west. To the north-west — our direction — a prairie fire, kindled probably by embers that had been left care- lessly behind at a camp, partly hid rhe view. " The Jackfish-lake River runs through a beautiful park- like country from this point, into the Saskatchewan, fifteen miles to the souih. It should be a good location for a feneral settlement, for the lakes above are filled with jack- sh or pike, and with white fish, — the finest fresh water fish, perhaps, in the world. There i? also good water power, as the stream descends about a hundred and fifty feet in the course of the next fifteen miles, and the land is slightly rolling and of excellent quality. It is a favourite ground of a large mixed band of Crees and Salteaux, whom we did not see as they were all away hunting buffalo. ** As we drove past in the early morning, prairie hens and chickens rose out of the deep grass and ran across the road, within a few feet of us ; while, on mounds of hay, in a field lately mown, sat hawks, looking heavy and sated, as if they had eaten too many chickens for breakfast. On the branches of oaks and aspens sat scores of pigeons, so unmoved at our approach that they evidently had not been much shot at. We asked a farmer who had recently settled, and was making his fortune at ten times the rate he had done in Ontario, if he had ever shot any of the birds. *No,' he contemptuously answered, *he was too busy ; the half-breeds did that sort of thing, and did little m else.' Day after day, he would have for dinner fried pork or bacon, and tea, when he could easily have had the most delicious and wholesome varieties of food. He told us that in the spring, wild geese, wavies, and ducks could be shot in great number ; but he had eaten only one goose in Manitoba. Surely it was a fellow feeling that made him so * wondrous kind.' " The road strikes right across the prairie, and, though simply a trail made by the ordinary traffic, is an excellent carriage road. Whenever the ruts get deep, carts and waggons strike off a few feet, and make another trail alongside ; and the old one, if not used, is soon covered with new grasses. There is no sward ; all the grasses are bunch. Immense numbers of fat plover and snipe are in the marpties, and prairie hens on the meadow land. **Tall, bright yellow French marin-olds, scattered in clumps over the vast expanse, gave a golden hue to the scene ; and red, pink, and white roses, tansy, asters, blue bells, golden rods, and an immense variety of compositae, thickly bedded amongst the green grass, made up a bright and beautiful carpet. Farther on, the flovirers were fewer ; but everywhere the herbage was luxiu*irtnt, admirable for pasturage, and, in the hollows, tall enough for hay. Even where the marshes intervened, the grass was all the thicker, taller and coarser, so that an acre of marsh is counted as valuable to the settler as an acre of prairie. ** It is no wonder that settlers speak enthusiastically of the country. The great difficulties a farmer encounters elsewhere are non-existent here. To begin with, he does not need to buy land; for a hundred and sixty acres are given away gratuitously by the Government to every bona jide settler ; and one-third of the quantity is a farm large enough for any one who would devote himself to a speciality, such as the raising of beets, potatoes, or wheat. He does not need to use manure, for, so worthless is it considered, that the Legislature has had to pass a law prohibiting people from throwinff it into the rivers. He has not to buy guano, nor to make compost heaps. The land, if it has any fault, is naturally too rich. Hay \» bo 'f- ta. a i > 50 abundant, that when thrashing the grain at one end of the yard, they burn the straw at the other end, to get rid of it. He does not need to clear the land of trees, stumps, or rocks, for there are none, ^ery little fencing is required, for he can enclose all his arable land at once with one fence, and pasture is common and illimitable. There is a good market all over Manitoba for stock or produce of any kind; and if a settler is discontented, he can sell his stock and implements for their full value to new comers. In twelve working days we had travelled five hundred and six miles, doing on this last forty-six ; and the horses looked as fresh as at the beginning of the journey ; a fact that establishes the nutritious properties of the grasses that were their only food on the way, as well as the strength and the hardihood of the breed." * What the Manitoba Climate is. As a most important consideration to the " traveller or sportsman" is the climate of the country in which he intends spending either a little time or making it his home, a short description of the Manitoba North-west climate will bo found of much interest, taken from the ** Meteorological " and Professor Macoua*s Reports. The latter writes: — "For many years this vast extent of ter- ritory lay as a blank on the maps, almost unknown to Englishmen or Canadians, and counted valueless except as a fur-bearing country ; yet, as long ago as 1812, Lord Selkirk said that the valley of the Red River alone would maintain a population of over 20,000,000. I have had the good fortune to spend a number of months in the territory, and travelled over its whole extent from east to west, and, being impressed wiih its importance as a field for immigration, have since then taken every jopportunity to make myself acquainted with its climate and capar- bilities. As the plain descends to the north the raiuiaU increases, the cactus and sage-brush give place to bunch-grass, and this, north of the line, soon passes into sward, quickly followed as we proceed northward by copse wood, which, north of the Saskatchewan, is replaced by 51 his -west the The ter- n to ccept ord ould had the st to field nity apa- faU to into opse aspen forest, and this on the water-shed into one of spruce. No appreciable alteration in temperature takes place, but only an increase of moisture, as we pass to the north, and with this increase of humidity a more equal temperature is noticed. Less radiation takes place as we leave the high treeless plains, and, consequently, the variation of temperature is less strongly marked between day and night. "In 1876 the temperature in both Winnipeg and Toronto, in summer, was as follows : ~ • i • § *-9 t-s a < Avera 6 mon WiNNII'EO, Lat. SO*' Long. 97*' 36-4 52-1 69-2 65-8 63-3 51-8 54-5 Toronto, Lat. U° Loug. 79" 38-2 51-5 r>5.5 68-8 70.2 57-6 58-6 And the rain and snowfalls were : — -: ', ; . ,ic».:i..'i ■■■■ - Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Quarterly rainfall at Winnipeg „ „ Toronto.. 00 5.51 5-69 6-63 10-52 5-74 0-04 3-18 . 1 1st half of year. 2nd half of year. Snowfall, in inches, at Wini linecr 28(5 67-7 29-7 45.7 1 «• .. Toro "r*^l9 nto It will be seen by the above table that the rainfall at Winnipeg in summer and spring is nearly equal to that of Toronto for winter, spring and summer, and, where Toronto has over three inches in autumn, Winnipeg has scarcely any. The absence of autumn rains in the North- west is a pr'^elcss boon, as it enables the farmer to thresh and ^: /vest nis grain without injury, and, besides, gives him jKceUent roads when he neeas them most. 52 I ^ **The progress of the seasons and the labours of the husbandman, throughout the North-west, may be summed up as follow:— In April, the hot sun dissipates the slight covering of snow, and, almost immediately, ploughing commences, as, after the frost is out six inches, spring work may begin. Seeding aild ploughing go on together, ^as the ground is quite dry, and in a few days the seed germinates, owing to the hot sunshine ; the roots receive an abundance of moisture from the thawing soil, and, following the retreating frost through the minute pores opened in it, by its agency penetrate to an astonishing depth, (often two feet) all the time throwing out innu- merable fibres. By the time the rains and heat of June have come, abundance of roots have formed, and the crop rushes to quick maturity. It is just as much owing to the opening power of the frost as to the fertility of the soil that the enormpus crops of the North-west are due, and as long as the present seasons continue, so long will the roots penetrate into the subsoil, and draw rich food from inexhaustible reservoirs which are there. ** After the middle of August the rains almost cease, and for ten weeks scarcely a shower of rain falls, giving the farmer ample time to do all necessary work, before the long winter sets in. These general characteristics apply to the climate of the whole North-west, and the same results are everywhere observed over tracts embracing over 300,000 square miles of territory. One important result of this peculiar climate is the hardness and increased weight of grain caused by it. Another, equally important, is the curing of the natural hay ; and our experience has been that the horses and cattle do better to collect their own food on the prairie than to be fed with hay. All stock- raisers know that it is not cold that injures cattle or horses, but those storms of sleet or soft snow which are so common in Ontario and the Eastern provinces. Such storms as those are never seen in the North-west, and the cattle are never wet from November to April. " Many intelligent persons are afraid of the winters of the North-west, as tney measure the cold by the thermometer 53 own bock- Irses^ Imon lis as are the 3ter rather that by their own sensibilitJes. It is not by the thermometer that the cold should be measured, bub by the humidity of the atmosphere, as, according to its humidity 80 is the cold measured by individuals. All through the fall my men never noticed a few decrees of frost, aiid it was no uncommon thing to see a man riding in a cart without his coat when the thermometer was below freezing point. Dry air is a nou-conductor of heat, and as the dryness increases with the lowering temperature, the increasing cold is not felt by either animals or plants, and we find a solution to the paradox that, although water may freeze, vegetation is not injured except when a humid atmosphere is in immediate contact with it. The increase of dryness in the air has the same effect as an increase of warm clothing for man and beast ; and we suffered less from a temperature of 10 degrees below zero, this winter, though lying in tents, without fire, than we would have done in Ontario with 10 degrees of frost. ** After seven years' study of aU available material and constant observation, I can state that our peculiar climate is caused by the great American Desert, which, in fact, commences at the 100th meridian, exactly south of our prairies, and extends with little interruption to California ; and the wind passing over, or descending to, our plains, giving out heat and moisture in the summer, and in winter wrapping the whole country in a mantle of dry air which moderates the climate — so much that, without the aid of a thermometer, no one would believe the cold was so intense. We have, then, a dry, cold, clear winter— a dry spring, with bright sunshine; a warm summer, with an abundance of rain ; a dry, serene autumn, with possibly a snow-storm about the equinox." A climate as above stated — soil of aboundinfr fertility, extending over a region of almost boundless exteut ; lakes and rivers full of water-fowl and fish; the prairies and woodlands the abode of every description of game, — such is the great new Canadian North-west; and the fact, that during the months of September and October hardly any rain falls, makes hunting, shooting, and liying under canvas in the prairies most healthy and enjoyable. 54 I'll i I CANOE SHOOTING A RAPID. (See Back of Cover.) To shoot rapids in a canoe is a pleasure that compara- tively few Englishmen have ever enjoyed, and no picture can give an idea of what it is. Theie in a fascination in the motion, as of poetry or music, which must be expe- rienced to be understood. The excitement is greater than when on board a steamer, because you are so much nearer the seething water, and the canoe seems such a fragile thing to contend with the mad forces, into the very thick of which it has to be steered. Where the stream begins to descend, the water is an inclined plane, smooth as a billiard table; beyond, it breaks into curling, gleaming rolls which end off in white, boiling caldrons, where the water has broken on the rocks beneath. On the brink of the inclined plane, the canoe seems to pause for an instant. The captain is at the bow, — a broader, stronger paddle than usual in his hand, — his eye kindling with enthusiasm, and every nerve and fibre in his body at its utmost tension. The steersman is at his post, and every man is ready. They know that a false stroke, or too weak a turn of the captain's wrist, at the critical moment, means death. A push with the paddles, and, straight and swift as an arrow, the canoe shoots right down into the mad vortex; now into a cross current that would twist her broadside round, but that every man fights against it ; then she steers right for a rock, to which she is being resistlessly sucked, and on which it seems as if she would be dashed to pieces ; but a rapid turn of the captain's paddle at the right moment, and she rushes past the black mass, riding gallantly as a race horse. The waves boil up at the side, threatening to engulph her, but, except a dash of spray or the cap of a wave, nothing gets in, and as she speeds into the calm reach beyond, all draw long breaths, and hope that another rapid is near* " From Ocean to Ocean." A strong friendship is felt after a few weeks' travelling with your Indian guides ; for they possess the qualities of patience, endurance, dignity, and self-control always seen in the North-west Indians. 55 ?f The Indians never halt without at once turning their canoes upside down, and examining them. The seams and crevices in the birch bark yield at any extra strain, and scratches are made by submerged brushwood in some of the channels or the shallow parts of the lakes. These crevices they carefully daub over with resin, which is obtained from the red pine, till the bottom of an old canoe becomes almost covered with a black resinous coat. The class of canoes generally known in former days as North canoes, which used to be sent by the old Hudson Bay Company from liachine, near Montreal, to Fort William, at the head of Lake Superior, were about 36 feet long, and carried a crew of from 16 to 18 men, and could stand a lieavy storm on any lakes ; but it was generally the habit of the crew to coast near the shore and avoid heavy weather. The inlimd postage canoes were about 25 feet long, vvith a crew of 8 to 10 men. The ordinary load of the large canoes were about 120 packs of 90 pounds each, or, with crew and pajisengers' baggage, nearly 5 tons. Seldom any accident ever occurred. In wet weather a red painted canvas oilcloth cover protected the goods. The ordinary stroke of the paddle was 50 to 55 per minute, and in calm water from 5 to 6 miles speed — an average day's run being 50 to 60 miles. Another traveller in the North-west (Mr. Macdonald), thus describes the guide in charge of the canoes : — " He was, generally, f»oine steel-framed, steady and electric-eyed Iroquois of Caughnawaga, or some old French Canadian voyageuTf wise, exceedingly, in his own way, and endowed, one would think, with special instincts for his duty. In canoes, he takes the post of honour and trust, the bow. Between him and his precious charge, every nasty ripping rock, or sudden stick in the way, the shallow way — for ^oing up stream they have ever to hug the shore — ihere 18 nouglit but the thin birch bark, and its slender lining. He must needs, therefore, watch every inch of the way. On the other hand, when running a bad rapid, or, more fearful still, a chate with its whirlpools, what a world of lightning calculations and electric jforce of thought must 56 > fill and flash from that brain and unmoved head, which with its long ebon hair, flashes hurtling in its plunge, liiie a meteor, through the mists of boiling waters ! On such occasions not a word is said, the steersman, the biggest giant of the lot, takes his * cue ' from a sign from the bow's man, generally imperceptible to others not trained to the mystery, and at it they go, as one heart, one mind, quickly, strongly, but ever (and in this the native shews almost a speciality), with a reserve of physical power and nervous energy equal to the occasion. * Stoic,' he never loses his presence of mind. 'Tis he runs our steamboats down the fiercest rapids in the river St. Lawrence." >» TABLE Liverpool to Halifax... 2440 Portland 2700 Boston ...2810 Quebec ...2634 New York 8010 Montreal 2712 Toronto.. .8145 Sarnia ...8383 San Fran- cisco, via Qaebec 6080 San Fran- cisco, via N York 6838 Halifax to Quebec ... 686 „ Montreal 858 Ottawa ...1022 Toronto.. .1191 Detroit ...1422 Chicago... 1706 Portland to Montreal 297 Boston to Montreal 408 Toronto and Sarnia to Manitoba, <'Rail & Lake route" 1160 Toronto to Manitoba, "all Rail route" 1406 Toronto to Chicago... 616 Grand Trunk B.B. Qoebec to Montreal... 172 Cornwall... 2m Prescott ... 284 )» » n OF DISTANCES. Miles . Quebec to Brockville. 217 ** 1' Kingston... 844 >> 1, Belleville.. 892 >» >» Cobourg ... 436 >> >i Port Hope. 442 >> II Toronto ... 505 ,, »f Ottawa ... 838 >) Toronto to Guelph ... 48 11 Stratford... 88 II London ... 120 11 »i Goderich... 1H8 II Sarnia 168 ii Uxbridge... 43 11 •i Woodville . 63 11 '1 Cobocenk .♦ 87 11 i» Hamilton . . 89 II II Harrisburg. 58 II ?• London ... 116 >i '1 Chatham... 179 II 11 Windsor ... 226 II Northern R. R. II i» Richmond Hill 18 .. Newmarket 84 II >» Belle Ewart 63 11 Barrie 64 II i» Orillia 86 II It Washago... 108 i> Cravenhurst 116 11 1? Collingwood 94 »» >» Meaford ... 216 it Miles. II II II II n II II II II II II II 11 »l ?» II l» »» II Jl 'I II II » l» •I »» >» 57 tf » »» »» >) n »» f» Hftmilton and N. W. R. to CoUingwood 110 miles. Hamilton to Barrie 97 Toronto to Niagara Falls 52 Port Hope to Peterboro'. 8 1 Lnkefield... 40 Lindsay ... 48 „ Beaverton . 60 Brockville to Perth ...... 40 Cark^ouPl. 45 Am prior... 69 Ottawa ... 78 „ Sandpoint . 74 Hamilton toOalt 81 „ Guelph ... 47 Lakb Sdpuriob Ports. Sault Sto Marie to Point aax Pine Point aux Pin to Batchawaing Batcliawaiug to Michipicoton River Mickpicoton River to Pic River Pic River to Nepigon Nepigon to Silver Islet Silver Islet to Prince Arthur's Landing Prince Arthur's Landing to Port William ... FortWilllam to Dnluth Duluth to St. Vincent St. Vincent to Winnipeg Winnipeg to Poplar Pt. High Bluff Portage La Prairie .. Little Sas- katchewan 148 Shoal Lake 180 Fort EUice 210 South Sas- katchewan 500 Victoria... 800 Hamilton to Elora 60 Miles. „ Fergus 63 „ Harriston.. 96 Prescott to Ottawa 54 New York to Niagara Falls 448 Hamilton (Canada) 486 New York to Toronto ... 525 Toronto to Orangevillo 40 Mt. Forest . O. Sound... Sault. Ste. Marie ... 83 127 »» »» »» » »» n 848 If .1 6 Miles. 52 62 95 100 60 21 5 198 400 (13 »♦ t» •» »» »» )» *« « n »» n 46 Miles. 58 62 »> >> ?> n Winnipeg to Fort Ed- monton >> >» »i »> Emerson Icelandic 'Settlement 56 Victoria... 24 Rock Lake 115 Morris ... 25 Selkirk ... 24 Oak Point 60 Rapid City 168 870 Miles. 62 >» >> »» >» »> »» » The distances in Manitoba are only approxim.vte, as in many cases the trail or road varies across the Prairie land. The Lakes. —The following are measurements of the lakes named: — "The length of Lake Superior is 385 miles ; its breadth, 160 miles ; mean depth, 688 feet ; elevation, 627 feet ; area, 82,000 square miles. The length of Lake Michigan is 300 miles ; its breadth, 198 miles ; mean depth, 690 feet ; elevation, 506 feet ; area, 23,000 square miles. The length of Lake Huron is 200 miles ; its breadth is 160 miles ; mean depth 600 feet ; elevation, 274 58 feet; area, 20,000 square miles. The length of Lake Erie is 250 miles; its breadth is 80 miles; its mean depth is 84 feet ; elevation, 555 feet ; area, 6,000 square miles. 1'he length of Lake Ontario is 180 miles ; breadth, 65 miles ; its mean depth is 500 feet ; elevation, 261 feet ; area, 6,000 square miles. FISH. In the fisheries of the great fresh-water Lakes, Ontario is possessed of no inconsiderable resource. The waters of Lakes Huron and Superior are teeming with life, and on the north shore of J«ake Superior alone, 30,000 barrels of white fish and salmon trout are yearly put up for market. Great numbers of siskawit.the fattest and finest species of the lake trout family ; and large lake trout, namaycush^ and white fish, attihawmeg, are packed annually for market on the shores of Lake Superior. The siskawit may be said to be peculiar to this lake. They are caught readily by the hook, but are more commonly taken by means of gijl-nets, which are set a yard or two from the bottom, in water of about 20 feet deep — the lower edge of the net being anchored by means of small stones attached to cords, while the upper edge is sustained verticallv by means of thin laths or spindles of light wood. These nets are set ac night, and are drawn in the morning. The siskawit weighs from five to twenty pounds, while the lake trout weighs as much as forty or fifty pounds. Of all the fish caught upon the lake the siskawit is most prized, on account of its fatness. White fish are, however, much more delicate, and are preferred to all others by the white inhabitants and travellers. The fisheries of Lake Superior and Huron are of great value to the people living upon the shores of these lakes, and of imporiance to the countries on the other and lower lakes, and the Island towns, near their borders. To the poor the boimties of the great lakes are of vital importance,, tor, without the fibh, the native tribes vrould soon perish. 59 The fish which are the mo8t plentiful in these lakes and rivers are the salmon trout, the common i rout, maskinonge or maskelonge, white fish of great variety, pike, pickerel, bass, perch (a good pan fish), and herrings. The sturgeon is caught in our waters frequently weighing from 80 to 100 pounds. The smaller rivers and streams teem with the speckled trout. Perhaps the chief favourites of our Canadian waters are the white fish and maskelonge.^ Many thousands of barrels of salmon, white fish, and herrin^js are annually exported at present, chiefly to the United States. The larger lakes abound in white fish, a delicious article of food, weighing from four to five pounds. The fisheries of the lakes, when properly developed, will form an important source of revenue. The rivers and streams abound in pickerel, pike, catfish, sturgeon, sunfish, gold- eyes, &c., so that Manitoba, and the North-west to the Rocky Mountains, present superior attractions to the tourist and sportsman. rhih lost pver, the GAME. The following from the Manitoba newspapers show the kind of game that may be shot within a reasonable distance of Winnipeg : — " Game — Messrs. Wm. Chambers and Tom Chapman have returned from a trip to Lake Manitoba, They succeeded in a day and a half's shooting in bagging two hundred and thirty-five ducks and four large geese." C. V. AUoway, writing from Manitoba to friends in Montreal, says : — *' I have just finished my fall duck hunt. The Hon. James McKay and myself, in two days, killed 480 large stock ducks and 103 fall ditto. We also got three large moose and any number of chickens, rabbits, &c. During my summer rambles I managed to kill three grizzly bears" A party consisting of Messrs. H. G. McMicken, Robt. Woods, and S. L. Bedson brought down seven hundred and eighty- three ducks, in two days* shooting on the east side of Lake Winnipeg. , 60 Some gentlemen who were out along the stage road to Pembina, report prairie chicken plentiful enough about twelve or fifteen miles from this city ; also immense flocks of wild pigeons a short distance off the road. A Emerson Manitoba paper says: — "Mr. C. A. SkefEng- twn, while hunting on the Scratching River a week ago, shot 250 ducks in one day, 20th September. He had two guns,' and a servant loading while he was shooting." The moose is still abundant on both sides of the Peace River, and the wood buffalo is still found between the Athabasca and the Peace River about lat. 57*^. From 500 to 1,000 head is the estimate of the hurtters. Black bears are very numerous on the upper part of the« Peace River, and furnish the chief food of the people in July and August. Cariboo are north and east of Lake Atha- basca, and are the chief food of the Ijidians and Half- breeds of that region. Rabbits are in immense numbers wherever there is timber, and are easily taken. Water- fowl are beyond computation, during September, in the neighbourhood of Lake Athabasca, and large flocks of Canada geese are found on Peace River all summer. Lynx, beaver, martin, and fox make up the chief fur- bearing animals. The buffaloes have wintered on the nutritious grasses of its prairies, up to as high a latitude as Lake Athabap^a ; and the Half-breeds and Indians camp out in the open plains during the whole of the winter, with no shelter but a buffalo skin tent and robes ; and horses of the settlers run at large and grow fat on the grasses which they pick up in the woods and bottoms. It is not intended here to describe a buffalo hunc, with all its excitement, its danger, and its novelty. The sports- man, however, may be advised to go and experience it for himself. It is the perfection of hunting ; and as horse, rifle and revolver are brought into service, it will at once be seen that it has special and peculiar attractions for Englishmen, accustomed as they are to both hunting and shooting. To the genuine sportsman, nothing can be more enjoyable. ^ * 61 )en lers ick ith Those who have time, and who have made the necessary preparations, may extend their trip westward to the Rocky Mountains in search of bears and other large game. They may even pass onward into British Columbia, the forests of which afford splendid sport. Guides can be procured at Winnipeg, the best being the Half-breeds, a cross between French or English and Indians, and are undoubtedly the most expert and successful buffalo-killers on the American continent. The services of a few of these men can be secured without difficulty, and at a moderate cost. Their horses, an active, wiry breed, are trained to the sport, and appear to take as much pleasure in it as do their masters. Before engaging guides, however, the sportsman should consult the agents of the Government, who will readily give him every ^advice and assistance. The half-breeds are, as a rule, trustworthy, honest, and respectful; still it is always the best policy to have the advice of one in authority in making your arrangements. The party should be provided with good breech-loading rifles, revolvers, and an abundant supply of ammunition ; although the hunt for these by the native Indian and half-breeds is by the use of the common flint-lock smooth bore, and revolvers, which are discharged at the gallop, with great rapidity. The firing is, of course, at point blank range, while galloping with a herd of buffaloes. (See Frontispiece). - The half-breeds are active, hardy, enduring, shrewd felloT/s; thoroughly tiustworthy, handy in camp, and cunning on ihe trail. They will find the game if it is to be found at all, and when brought down they know how best to treat such parts as are to be preserved as trophies ; and how to cure the choice cuts of the meat. But be cautious how you leave your spirit flask about ; after the day's toil is over one glass is enough, and w ill be appreciated by them. Every settler from tlie old country should bring his gim or rifle with him, as there are very few parts of the North- west territory he cannot find, in his rambles, game of some 62 kind, while in Ontario tlie only redtrictioos are in favour of close seasons^at certain periods of the year. They are made exclusively in the public interest, and to prevent the extermination of birds and animals recof^nized as common property. The moose, cariboo or reindeer, and the red deer, are found in large numbers, but of course only in the unsettled or partially settled portion of the country. The fox, silver, grey, red and black ; raccoon, otter, martin, mink, and muskrat, are found in many j)lace8 contiguous to settlements, and are captured for their furs. The beaver is still found, but at increasingly remote spots. The Canadian rabbits resemble in many respects the English hare. They are abundant, but not in numbers sufficient to prove mischievously destructive. Of birds^ we have every description of wild fowl ; the wild swan, goose and duck of several kinds ; also, partridges (similar in habits and colour of meat to the English pheasant), quail, wood- cock, striped plovers, wild turkey, and some others. The wolf is very scarce, altliough occasionally heard or seen in the vicinity of the back settlements. The bear frequents the woods in the northern part of the province, but is seldom dangerous, living largely in summer on wild fruits and roots, and hybeinating in the winter. He rarely attacks a human being unless molested or brought to bay. Fishery laws are in force in certain waters. They are, like the game laws, only intended to prevent the unfair or wasteful destruction of the fish. The lakes and rivers of Canada literally swarm with fish. The salmon trout, white fish, trout, herring, maskinonge, bass, pike and pickerel, with all kinds of small fish, are captured in enormous quantities. A very great variety of birds spend the summer months in Ontario, but with few exceptions migrate to warmer regions as winter approaches. Many of these are fine songsters, and others ef remarkably beautiful plumage. The insectivorous birds are, for the benefit of the farmer, protected by law. >M\ 63 OUTFIT FOR CAMPING. For a sojourn of a few weeks in the hunting and fishing grounds, either of Lake Superior or the Manitoba regions, ft will be best to provide a tent suitable to the number of the party. Where the sporting ground is near the smaller lakes and rivers in Ontario, tents are hardly necessary, as country hotels or farm houses can generally be met with within a reasonable distance ; but in the prairie land of the North-west, and in visiting the great northern lakes, where the best sport is to be found, it is necessary to camp out : and who has not enjoyed the pleasant leisure-time, (after the labour of the day, in camp ? The morning sport of the game, the evening quiet fishing, the result all brought into camp for the cook's selection. After satisfyin^j the hunter's appetite, the after smoke around the fire, and the knowledge of being free from the busy world for a time, braces up many constitutions to grapple with new energy the fight of life on their return home. No one, even a partial sportsman, after a short camping expedition, but is ready the next season to have another outing. In driving over the prairie, you would do well to provide the following articles, if you do not happen to have them: — ■ . A tent, frying-pan, kettle to boil water, tea pot, water pail, axe, hatchet, butcher knife, one or two plough lines and bedding, cups, plates, knives and forks, spoons, some wrought nails, a piece of leather (strong;, paper of wrought tacks, some stout twine; and your pro visious as follows : — tea, sugar, salt, pepper, biscuits, ham, bacon or pork, flour, baking powder, butter, matches, summer medicine. Get hobbles made for your hoises to prevent their straying away -from you at night. Hobbies are straps made to confine the fore-feet of the horse to prevent his galloping away. These straps are fastened on just over the hoof above the fetlock, the legs being allowed a play of about a foot apart. In this way the animal can only hop along, and cannot consequently ti*avel any distance during the night. Hobbling horses does not in the least 64 rests m the middle and Co^Z , ' ""P'"?' t-^e W tie cool of the evenW so as if * ^^' ""^ *™^«J "gam if . The pleasure of tmvtir *° ""''"■ O"" 3'om'' /io7-««. bad wads, but taking Sto^CT""^''- '^'l sometimes ^np^ rou eat heartil^ and sfc^jf " 3^ T ^"'"y"'''' •"/■"P'oy your time in lookiiKr „f / ^""^ ''»''« Plenty . and striking camp, and me^ °^ r^^'" your team, m^aking fell, you will meet with n^rnhl. t ^^^ 'P""g and in thf prairie chickens. Itis nnt^ V!,?""^'' pheasants aad across a deer, a foj orTvUTbt'^'t^^' f " »^y come of an the frgCst ttdy 'a\t,T ^« ^f "« working fT u ^}'' """t^rial of wiater ^LT • "' ^f!" ^^ Passage of the body, should be of wool V l^' ''''"<''' ""me' next . Two double blankets" wZL f ^•'*' »'«'"" be woro cloth 6 feet by 4 feet to £ J'^ strapped in watere^rf found very ne^ces^^' it'^^f /""r. Wankets, wR cement portable bed.^' In tm^,r*'M.P"'°^' ™»ke a oo„! a musquito net to put ovp 'T 'u^ *''"'"gh swampy Cd teke. Be careful of yorfiro'^l^'^*'' W'" "ot be S to ""e, also in smoking^ % £ fi "' T *° «»"seap.Srfe sprmg and full in old^grals !„,) -f '""P?^" ""'y m^e f^^yX^:^t:i^^^^^^^ t evenings get a that one to hold from &'!:*'"*«' '' "^^7 be menS m Toronto for £5 to £Rul P^''*'"'^ ««n be purchas^ Pf person more. Great !^' T" ''°^' »" an avemS .election of a site which tiir^ t"f^ •>« taken Tf^te . A treneh should be tg^oi^u'^ ''°«''ed in case rf„^n! each side somewhat befonrf It "^f" ""^e- openins at tent should be provided^^^h ll' ?^ °f '^"^ *«nt. Ve = ridge-^le, J ^ ^i^a"^ ^'""^ <="» »>« W »•"> a musqmto bar This tent from 65 allows good ventilation without affording admittance to luusquitoes, which are only found during certain months. Boats should be secured at some points on the lakes or be brought from elsewhere. They should be stoutly built, as they frequently come in contact with the rocks. The Seatest caution should be used in landing in tlie dark, any boats are, in a few days, rendered wholly unsea- worthy if they are not carefully handled in this respect. m. |at le is COST OF GOING. t 4^^- The foUoiying is at present the rates of passage from LiTerpool to the undermentioned places, but wheie the traveller or tourists takes a return ticket, on the Ocean Steamships, which can be used at any time within one year, a considerable reduction can be saved. £ s. £ 8. LIVERPOOL to QUEBEC. Cabin 12 to 18 Intermediate 8 8 to to MONTREAL. Cabin 12 14 to 19 10 Intermediate 8 14 to to TORONTO. Cabin 14 to 19 10 Intermediate 9 10 to „ to FORT WILLIAM. Cabin ..19 to , Intermediate 11 8 to 18 to NIPIGON. Cabin 19 to Intermediate 11 8 to 18 „ to WINNIPEG. Cabin 22 to 26 Intermediate ] 2 18 to Steerage 10 16 to Intermediate and Steerage Passengers are allowed ten cabic feet for Luggage for each adult ; for all over that quantity a charge of Is. for each cubic foot will be made! 9 66 twJS.^-'^- - allowed ^ e„bic f., .^„, ^est prairies thT ' Pleasures of a trin n wu x? ^^ of W" A^f^.r'^^. « add tio„fo^,r*'r^5 *'"« « a^ ^de to l.f'"'"Sli thia w^ Vt„f 'i'«'*««e ^ Aon &,J:„Twh.*^"« "P thd/ XJe^'eS?'^ Jfs- 67 find the best of investments in the Dominion of Canada, but the small tenant farmer or labourer can never expect to own the soil in Great Bi:tain he works on, but in Canada, if only industrious and 'saving, he cannot fail, if he pleases, to become his own landlord. In his old home, his bovs and girls will, with rare exceptions, be nothing but wnat their fathers and mothers have been before them ; but it is all but certain in Canada that they will, in a few years, be in a position as independent as those they serve at home. In Great Britain, it is the constant struggle of the agricultural class to get sufficient food and the necessary comforts of life. In Canada, no farm labourer need go short of three good meals a day. In Great Britain, he feels at every step he takes the difference in caste or rank between himself and the other people he rubs elbows with in the world. In Ontario, while a civil bearing and courteous demeanour will always be appreci- ated, servility is despised, and a self-respecting sense of equality is always honoured. In Great Britain, he can hardly look at a hare or a pheasant without being a mak*ked man ; in Canada, there is not a game bird in the air nor a wild animal in the woods he may not snare or shoot at the proper season, and welcome. In too many parts of England, if he fails to put in an appearance at the JParish church, or dares to frequent *' chapel '* instead, he or his family are made to feel the consequences. In Canada, he may worsliip his Maker where and how he pleases, for "Churchman" and "Dissenter" are names unknown here. At the public schools the child of the humblest labourer has a free education, may lay the foundation for any position in life, and takes rank with the children of the richest man in the township. He pays no poor rates, for there are but few paupers. He pays no tithes or their equivalent, for there is no State Church to maintain. He suffers no appreciable injury from game, and what little he cares to shoot, or has time for shooting, he is welcome to. If he rents a farm, the conditions are the simplest, and he can buy one on easy terms at any time. There is always plenty of improved land in i « the market, plenty of people or companies are willing to advance money on mortgage at some 7 or 8 per cent, interest, and the whole cost of transferring a fine farm» settling title, and all, does not ordinarily amount to the value in Canadian currency of a British five-pound note. In a pamphlet published by the Government of Ontario, the following information is given : — " No agricultural labourer need fear any difficulty in securing work in Ontario at remunerative wages. The practice of boarding farm labourers in the house has naturally secured a pre- ference for single men. But there are many farmers now in Ontario who appreciate the steady habits and tendency to remain in one place that usually characterise the married farm labourer. The agents at the immigra- tion dep6ts are always able to dispose immediately and satisfactorily of as many agricultural labourers as present themselves, married or single. A man, with a wife who is willing and able to do a day's household work now and then, and half-a-dozen, more or less, boys and girls coming on to be useful, is a welcome settler in any part of the rural districts, and sure to set on. We are speaking now of the man used to farm work in the old country. Farmers, like other persons in business, although willing to give a job to any handy man when they want one, expect skill and experience i the e very-day duties of the farm when they engage a permanent hand. A great many people come out to Canada with the notion that muscle id till that is wanted. In the open season, and when a good deal of rough work is going on, nearly everybody who comes finds employment, and nearly all manage to secure a living. But our farmers are increasingly particular as to the qualifications of the men they engage, and will often go- out of their way to secure a competent person, i^hile they would refuse to employ an incompetent one altogether* The wages of a man boarded and lodged are from $12 (say £2 lOs. Od.) to $20 (say £i) a month. A married man would, perhaps, get little or no more in money, because in a farmer's household very little is thought of the Qost of food, but he will have nis cottage probably rent free. 69 the jr. U ^ *' The rate of wages above given for domestic servants applies to the rural districts. But in the cities and large towns the demand is quite as good for this class of persons, while the wages are much higher on the average than in the countiy. From $6 (25s. sterling) to $10 (^2 sterling) Ser month may be said to be the rate of first-class omestic servants' wages in towns and cities with boards" Among numerous instances quoted of what pluck and industry may do in Canada, the followins^ is a sample : — ''Mr. Daniel Osborne, Rose Bank, ^outh Dumfries, county of Brant, came to Canada in the year 1849, arrived at Brantford, Ontario, about May, with only £1 6s. in his possession, went to work at once at anything he could get to do ; had been used to farm work« worked for some years with farmers in the neighbuuihood of Brantford, and then rented a lot of 100 acres about three miles from the town, in company with another person. He stayed on it a few years, during which time he worked haid, early and late, and saved about $1,500 (£300), then rented another farm near, rather larger, himself ; stayed on it tiU he rented and afterwards purchased the place on which he now resides, a fine farm of 330 acres, worth now over $30,000 (£6,000). He has lately built a brick house on it worth $3,000 and most of the property is paid for. He has brought up a family of six, and says any one who comes out here with health and determination to work hard and avoid drink need not fear making a good living and securing a comfortable home, but need not expect to do so without energy and prudence. A settler, with the necessary personal qualifications and a small capital — say £80 to £100 sterling — may go on to a Free Grant well selected, with very little risk of failure. But the old country emigrant, no matter what his conditions are previously, will usually do best to gather some Canadian experience before he goes into the bush. Meanwhile he should be always on the alert to pick up ideas and knowledge of whatever will be ultimately useful to him in his new life. 70 Ud cleared land varies in price from Ss. to ^JOs. an acre, according to situation and soil. Cleared and improved forms can be bought at prices ranging from £4 to £10 an acre. The money can nearly ulwavs be paid in instalments, covering several years. The leasmg of farms is an excep- tion to the general rule, as most men desire to own the land they cultivate. In the new North-West and Manitoba is contained nearly 180 millions acres of f erti) e land, suitable for grain and stock-raising, and land can be bought near rising towns and villages, at prices from 168. to £2. Manitoba is now known to be the finest wheat and stock-breeding country in the world; and the thousands of well-to-do farmers, agricultural labourers, and others who are pouring into the vast and rich country, is a proof. To the man with little means, but with strong arms and hopes, the Govern- ment offers a free grant of 160 acres; out as so many have gone in and settled on free grant lands the last two or three years, he must make up his mind to go back some >> fi Sable „ .' i|; Martin „ ^v Racoon „ .,, „ Otter „ „ Fisher „ ,, These laws only apply to the Province of Ontario aa yet No eggs of any of the birds above mentioned shall be taken, destroyed, or had in possession at any time. It is also forbidden to hunt or kill Deer at any time for the purpose of exportation out of Ontario. By Revised Statutes of Ontario, cap. 201, it is not lawful to shoot, destroy, wound or injure any bird whatsoever, save and except Eagles, Falcons, Hawks, Owls, Wild Pigeons, Eingfighers, Jays, Crows, and Raven" It shall not be lawful to take, inji..e, destroy, or have in possession any nest, young, or eggs of any bird whatsoever, except those described above. Between the 1st day of Mny to the 1st day of November, no traps, guns, snares or other contrivances shall be set to trap Racoon, Otter, Fisher, Martin, Muskrat, Sable, Mink, or Boaver, and no Muskrat house shall be destroyed at any time. ID 75 The penalty for shooting out of season, any Deer, Elk, Moose, Reindeer, or CariboCf shall not be more than $50, or less than $10. In fur-bearing animals the penalty not more than $25, or less than $5, and the same penalty applies to birds or eggs. MONEY TABLE. Sterling Monet in Canadian Currency. sterling Money. ItM equivalent in dollara and oents. Canadian Currency, Its eqaiTalent ia Sterling Money. £ ». d. Doll. Ota. Dole. CtB. £ «, d. 1 02 01 oi 2 04 02 1 3 06 03 1^ 4 08 05 2} 5 10 10 5 6 12 15 7J 7 14 20 10 8 16 25 1 0^ 10 20 50 2 1 11 22 1 00 4 1 10 24 2 00 8 3 13 30 8 00 12 5 16 36 4 00 16 5 1 9 43 5 00 1 6| 2 49 6 00 1 4 8 2 6 61 10 00 2 11 5 I 22 20 00 4 2 24 10 2 43 25 00 5 2 9 10 4 87 50 00 10 5 6} 5 24 33 100 00 20 10 ll} For general purposes it will be sufficient to remember that the Canadian cent and Uie English half-penny are almost identical in value. or le. ■^^^^^•.> *»it<>ba Mid Canadian RaU and « „„., „, Lakes Route EUROPEAN PASSEJVGER OFFICE. . . 15, Water Street, LIVERPOOL, nectioa therewith a« . ^^^en)ool m con- — «i-JC.trzr;::J^:*--• •»»«<»« only « iT^ r. ^ - * ""*** ""*"^ *^°'- o;pen to intendi«,r settlerTfl ^ " '''"'*'• ^ - Manitoba ^ the .hortt^ beaTLnr "'"'^ application. When several form ^^^ "" ^-0. special z^r^^r^rr^ '» «c., readily answered. ^il r y. R. V\ y ?^ THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT OFFERS UNEaUALLED ADVANTAGES TO SETTLERS. FREE GRANT OF 160 ACRES 'J Are given to Settlers in the great Wheat producing prairie lands of MANITOBA, AND THB CANADIAN NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES Along the route of the New Pacific Railway, and Free Grants of 100 to 200 acres in other parts of Canada. ■^i> CHEAP FOOD, LIGHT TAXES. FREE SCHOOLS. AsBisied Passages to Agricultural La1}ourers and Female Pomestie Servants. rrJjf^w .y^iif; ■fj i For f uli' mformation, pamphlets, and advice, apply to the Government Agents, W. Ankand, 31, Queen Victoria Street, London ; John Dykb, 15, Water Street, Liverpool; Charlbs Fot, 29, Victoria Place, Belfast ; Thomas Grahaub, 20, Chiswick Place, Carlisle. N.B.— At the Uyerpool and London Offices, flies of tbe leading Canadian Journals, Statutes, Goyemment Returns, Imports on Trade, fto., are kept for fbe information of Passengers to Canada and America. To the European Settler, Traveller, and Tourist for MlllilTOBII miD THE NORTH-WEST. T The Shortest, Cheapest way to go is by TORONTO AND COLLINaWOOD LINE Splendid Powerful Steame/s built specially for Lake Superior. The Route.— The best way to travel is by the Quick Lake Route. The time through is about the same as "all rail," while you arrive at the end of your journey benefitted hy the trip. -Look at a Map— The Collingwood Line Route Is THE Inside Route, giving pleasant calm sailing along the sheltered route of the Georgian Bay and Great North Manitoulin Channel. Is THK Shoktest, being 100 miles shorter by Lake than any other to Onlnth. Duluth is nearer Winnipeg than St. Paul, so take the Collingwood Lake Route, and save One Thousand Miles of Railway travel. The Connections. —At Toronto, the Grand Trunk Truns and Steamers connect with the Northern Railway, where porters are in atten- dance to look after baggage, without expense or trouble. Check your baggage to '' Union Station," Toronto. Carloads of Household Goods or Live Stock are sent through to Cullingwood without any change. At Collingwood, the Trains run down the Dock alongside th« Steamers, this makes a saving for each family going via Collingwood. At Duluth, the Dock and Railway Station are alcfiside, and your baggage is put on board the Northern Pacific cars free, and you go right through by train to Winnipeg. The Accommodation. — ^You have first-class cars on the Northern Railway, and the cabin accommodation is unsurpassed by any other line. Steerage berths are provided on the Steamers with separate accbtnmo- dations for women and children. Hot water for tea supplied free. Hot meals at Is. 6d. each. It is best to bring your own bedding, and make yourself comfortable. Baggage.— 200 lbs. of Emigrant effects will be taken free with each fall ticket. Our agents at Duluth meet the steamer and without charge assist you in attending to your baggage. Bates. — This Route will always be the Cheapest. Families will save from £S to £i each as against going by all Rail. Children under 5 years taken free, from 5 to 12 half fare, over 12 full fare. Oo bv the Short Collingwood Boute and yua will get to Manitoba just u quick and in as good season, BUT FAR GHEAPEE than by '' All Rail" European Jnunigrants, before purchasing in Great Britain, should ask for Tickets "via ColUogwood Lake tine." Apply to BARLOW CUMBERLAND, General Agent Collingwood Line, 86, Yonge Street, Toronto, Canada; or for Through Passage Bates and all information, apply to GEO. H. WYATT, 16, Water Street, Liverpool. [■ ^- I St for V. r. Ronto. at the S the anoel. her to [wood I and itten- your >d8or I the 1. your right hem line, imo- Hot lake iach "»• will ider ; as ask x>d tea f •K. «, R. THE PBOVINCE OF ONTABIO. This Province is a territory of 105,000 square miles, or 69,000,000 acres, and Crown lands may be purchased at one shilling an acre and npwards, according to situation. The free grant system is as follows : — *' Every head of a family can obtain gratis two hundred acres of land, and any person eighteen years of age may obtain one hundred acres in the free grant districts. This offer is made by the Government to all persons, without distinction of sex, so that a large family, having several children at or past 18 years of age, may take up a large tract, and become in a few years, when the land shall have been cleared and im- proved, joint possessors of a valuable and beautiful estate. The settle- ment duties are to have 15 acres on each grant of 100 acres cleared and under crop in five years, to build a habitable house, at least 16 by 20 feet in size, and to reside on the land at least six months in each year." The patent is not issued till the end of five years. There is a hon.estead law in force in Ontario whereby the land of the settk-r is protected from seizure for a certain number of years, and thus preserved for his family, no matter what financial difficulties he may get into. Ontario is the most populous and wealthy province of the Confedera- tion. It had, according to the census of 1871, a population of 1,620,851. Its south-western portions have a milder climate than Quebec or the Maritime Provinces. Its growth in wealth, principally from the products of agriculture, has been very rapid. EDUCATION. In the Province of Ontario alone, with a population of about two millions, there are about five thousand public schools, while the private schools number close upon six hundred. FARMS AND LANDS. Uncleared land varies in price from 2s. to 40s. an acre, according ta situation and soil. Cleared and improved farms can be bought at prices ranging from £4 to £10 an acre. The money can nearly always be paid in instalments, covering several years. The leasing of farms is an excep- tion to the general rule, as most men desire to own the land they cultivate. Emigrants possessing means would do well not to be in haste to purchase, but to get some experience before taking so important a step,. Agricul- tural labourers would study their own interests by accepting employment as ic may be offered on arrival, and they will soon learn how to improve permanently their condition. Persons of moderate but independent means, who are living ou the interest of their money in England, could double their incomes by settling in Ontario, where from seven to eight per cent, can easily be obtained for investments on first-class security. Add to this that living and education are much cheaper than it?! the Old Country. Full information may be obtained on application to Mr. Fktbb Btrmb, 6, South Castle Street, Liverpool, or to any authorised Agent of Canada in the United Kingdom. A. S. HARDY, OoMMissioHBR. Dbpartmjent ov Immioratiost, ToKOMTo, Ontario. To the intended Settler, Tourist, and Traveller going to Manitoba, take the short " Lake Route, " the LAKE SUPERIOR AND COLLINGWOOO LINE. Tbe Steamers of this Une are of the Largest Size, and Splendidly Eqnipped. The Best Route for European Settlers. TZS FAVOEZTS ZNSZDB SBOET EOTTTB TO LAKE SUPERIOR & MANITOBA. THE SPLENDIDLT-EaUIPPED UPPEfi-CABIlf SWIFT STEAMEES, City of Winnipeg, Frances Smith, City of Owen Sound, In Connection with GEAND TRUNK EAILWAY, EOYAL MAIN LINE to TOEONTO. Thence via NORTHERN EAILVrAY, or by HAMILTON AND NOETH WESTEEN from HAMILTON, &c., leave COLLINGWOOD at 6 p.m., and via TOEONTO GEEY and BEUOE EAILWAY, leave OWEN SOUND at 10 p.m., KVEHT MOKDAY AHD THTOTHSOAY. Leave DULUTH at Noon every TUESDAY and SATURDAY, Calling at Bruce Hines, St. Joseph Island, Garden Hiver, Sanlt Ste. Uarie, Nepigon, Thunder Bay, Fort William, and Connecting at DULUTH with NORTHERti PAGIFIG R. R. For Winnipeg, Manitoba, Bismarck, Black Hills, all Points in the North- West, and the St. Paul and Duluth Ib.R. for St. Paul and Minneapolis. The COOLEST and MOST DELIGHTFUL TRIPS on American Waters. M- TOURISTS, -g* Will take the FIEST-CLASS PASSENGER LINE to LAKE SUPERIOR, and enjoy the MAGNIFICENT SCENERY of the Great North Channel and the unsor- paesed Touriat Route traversed ONLY by this Line. Staterooms secured ji ; at Central Passenger Agency, 36 Yonge Street. SETTLERS FROM GREAT BRITAIN Will find this the cheapest and most comfortable route TO MANITOBA Fine Steamers. Good accommodation. Free berths and steerage accommodation— advantages not given by any Rail Eoute. Fares much Cheaper. For information as to Freight oc Passage, apply to BABLOW GUMBERLANB, Gen. Ag«it, 3«, Yonge Street, TORONTO; Or to GEO. H. WYATT, 16, Water Street, LIVEBPOOL. Notice to the Enropean Settler, Sportsman, and Tourist. Off THE NORTHERN RAILWIIV OF CIIIIIIRII Buns three fast Express Trains daily, between Toronto, Collingwood, and Muskoka Lakes, and is the shortest, quickest and most picturesque Eoute through Canada to Manitoba. The Railway is equipped First-class in every particular, " STEEL TRACK, PALACE PARLOR CARS, COMFORTABLE COACHES, FAST TRAINS. And is the only Line ruDnin{r to the bea .tiful Muskoka Lakes, and the Free Gmnt Lands of Muskoka, and runs in direct connection from Toronto with the following ,- , LINES OF MAGNIFICENT STEAMERS. " On arrival of Special Steamboat Express Trains, with DRAWING ROOM CARS attached. ' ' MANITOBA. '' ■' "'''^ THE COLLINGWOOD LAKE SUPERIOR LINE STEAMERS,— Leave Collingwood every Monday and Thursday, for Sault Ste Marie, Lake Superior, Fort William, Duluth, MANITOBA. THE GEORGIAN BAY TRANSPORTATION COMPANY'S STEAMERS, — Leave Collingwood eve^ Wednesday and Saturday, for Sault Ste. Marie and all Georgian Bay Ports. THE CHICAGO AND COLLINGWOOD LINE STEAMERS,— Leave Collingwood every Wednesday and Saturday, on arrival of Express Train, leaving Toronto 4.10 p.m., for Cheboygan, Mich., Milwaukee, and Chicago j leave Chicago every Tuesday and Friday, 7 p.m.; leave Milwaukee every Wednesday and for Collingwood, and all points East. tog to look for Lands iu MANITOBA and Saturday, 7 a.m. Tiie Eurouean Settler ^ _ BIU8K0KA, the Tounst and Sportsman bound for the Great Northern Lakes, will find the NORTHERN RAIXiROAD the shortest and most comfortable Route from Toronto. Purchase 1 ckets via NORTHERN RAILWAY OF CANADA from Toronto. ROBERT KERR, Oeneral PMunger Agent, TOBONTO. For farther iofonuation apply to FRED. CUMBERLAND, lUiu«liig Director, TOBONTO. GEO. H. WYATT, 15, Watsb Stbbbt, LIVERPOOL. SARNIA LINE TO MANITOBA. laao. laao. NORTH-AVEST Transportation Company, Xii3sa:irrEr>. LAKE SUPERIOR ROYAL MAIL LINE. Thia Line eousists of the followiag A 1 Elegantly Eqaipped Upper Cabin Steamers:— "MANITOBA," OAPT. J. B. STMES. "ASIA" OAPT. J. MoMAUaH. "ONTARIO," OAPT E. BOfiEBTSON. " SOVEREIGN," OAPT. J. MOOBB. " QUEBEC," OAPT. E. ANDEBSON. BUNNINQ BEGULABLY BETWEEN Detroit, Windsor, Courtright, Sarnia, Goderich, Kincardine, Southampton, AND ALL POBTS ON LAKKS HUBOK AHD SlOrPERIOB, COHNECTINQ AT DULUTH with the NOETHFUN PACIPIO and WINNIPEG AND WESTEBN TBANSPOETATION COMPANY fob all points iw ITOBA and the GREAT J RTH-WEST. The European Immigrant, Sportsman, and Traveller, before leaving the Old Country will ask for Tickets via Sarnia, and NORTH-WEST TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, TO ALL POINTS ON Lakes Huron and Superior, Fort Garry, Manitoha, and Jforth-West TGrritcrles AS mS TEE QUICKEST, THE CHEAPEST, AND THE BEST. VOB rUBTHIR PABTI0DLAB8, AFPLT TO GENERAL MAN AG BR, ' - SARNIA, ONT. Safety f Speed ! Comfort I 8A. laao. r PMY, LINE. bin Steamers :— . J. B. 8TMES. J. MoMAUGH. . BOBEBTSON. PT. J. HOOBB. S. ANDEBSON. oderich, lOH, ) WESTEBN •WEST. leaving the ANY, ; Teiritorias ONT. RTI SrOTIOE to European Passengers for Canada, Kanitoba, and tht Western States.—In purchasing yonr Ooean Passage Tiokets, if you are going to places West of Niagara Falls, see they are Via " The Great Western R.R. of Canada." Four Thiougli Express Trains Baily TO CHICAGO AND THE WEST. This is the most direct and favourite Route to points in Western Canada, Detroit, Chicago, St. Paul's, San Francisco, &c. The Celebrated DINING CARS run between Suspension Bridge and Chicago, in which sumptuous meals are served, at regular hours. Pnce 3s., giving ample time to eat at leisure, without leaving the train. It is unsurpassed in its equipment of elejrantly finished and furnished Drawing Room and Palace Sleeping Cars, running from New York and Boston through to Detroit and Chicago without change. Its new Passenger Coaches and Smoking Cars are not excelled by any in the Country. Be sure atid secure your Tickets by the Great Central Route via Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge. Second Class Passengers carried through on Express Trams. 150 Pounds of Baggage allowed to Passengers holding through tickets WM. EDGAR, F. BROUGHTON, GEI^ ERAL PASSENGER AGENT, GENERAL MANAGES, Hamilton, Ont. Hamilton, Out. For Time Tables, Cards, and West-bound information, apply to GEO. H. WYATT, . « 15, Water Street, Liveri'ool. iiyiPJ^MiiMPJiJM.W'^* » '.ilfWW' "W'J IL,AKES OF MUSKLOKA. V V' } To the Free Grant Lands of Ifuskoka, and the great ^, Fishing and Hunting Grounds of the Northern Lakes. THE MUSKOTSTEIliOAT LINE -,(;• of Steamers make close connection with the IHIorning, After- noon and Evening Trains of the NORTttERN I.- RAILWAY at GRAVEIVHURST. GOING NORTH: The FIRST BOAT leaves Giavenhurst at 1.80 p.m., arriving daily at Bracebridge at 3.30 p.m.. Pert Carling at 5.30 p.m., "Windermereat 6 10 p.m., Uosseaii 7.15 p.m. MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS, & SATURDAYS, Steamer calls at Port SaiidHcld and Lake Joseph, arriving at Port Coikbiirn at 8.15. The SKCOND BOAT leaves Gravenhurst at 6.45 p.m., arriving at Bracebridge at 8.45 p.m. GOING SOUTH: The FIRST BOAT leaves Bracebridge at 5 a.m.. arriving at Gravenhurst at 7 a.m. The SECvOND (or Rosseau) BOAT leaves Rosseau at 7 a.m., Windermere at 7.50 a.m., Port Cariin<; at 8.30 a.m., Bracebridge 11 a.m , arriving at Gravenhurst at 12.40 p.m. SEMI-WEEKLY LINE. Leave Gravenhurst at 7.30 a.m. on Tuesday's and Saturday's, calling at Walker's Point at 8 a.m., Point Kaye at 9.10 a.m., Torrance 10.15, and Bala at 11 am. Juddhaven (from Rosseau) at 7.25 &.m. On Mondays and Fridays call at Port Sandfield at 6.45 a.m.. Port Cockburn at 8.30 a.m. NOTICE. The European Traveller, Sportsman, or Tourist will find this Route the best to go either to the Free Grant Lands, or to the splendid Fishing and Hunting Grounds of the Muskoka district. Close connections made with the Trains of the Northern Railroad from Toronto. A. P. G0CKBT7BN. For further information apply to .... -. w . GEO. H. WYATT, ^I 15, Watbb Sxeket, LIVERPOOL. and^the great n»-. arriving at dge at 6 a.m., ay's. calllTiR at orrance lO.W, 7.25 a.m. Qn 45 a.m., Port nst will fjrid t Lands, or 'e Muskoka ins of the BUBN. VERPOOL. HAMILTON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. Jtuu^JOii i «l . ■, - Jjl VIA. NEW YORK TO MANITOBA. European Settlers, Tourists, and others going to Manitoba via New York, will ask for Tickets by the Collingwood Line to Hamilton, Canada; there they will take The Hamilton and North -We stern Railway TO COLLINaWOOD, Where they will connect with STEAMERS for the LASE STTFEEIOE FOETS of Michipicoten Island, Nepigon, Silver Islet, Prince Arthur's Landing, Fort William, DULUTH,and all points North-West, and MANITOBA. THE aBOEGIAlT BAY FOBTS of Owen Sound, Killarney. Little Current, Gore Bay, Bruce Mines, St, Joseph's island, Garden River, Sault Ste. Marie. Steamers leave Collingwood 4 p.m. Monday, "Wednesday. Thursday, and Saturday. Passengers for Georgian Bay and Lake Superior Ports leave Hamilton on day of sailing. ' Also for PaiTy Sound, Lake Michigan, Muskoka Lakes, and Muskoka Free Grant Lands. , - ,^, Close connections made at Hamilton. HOBEET EEBB, ' FEED CUMBEBLAITD, General Pass Agent, TORONTO. Managing Director, TORONTO. ;■:': \0'/' 3 -■ ? For further informatiou apply to afiOEOE S. W7ATT, 15, Water Street, LIVERPOOL. ^■i^-^< Hr^^ ?#^: REGULATIONS P rposes Of the Canadian Pacific Railway D.PXR™„t OP TH„ i„„„,„, p bi- ' <'"AWi, Ocl. 14 1879 Re2n/afi„„,, dated The q?J r i"' ''■^^«* tl'ereof j^o .^ . ^' "^^ '" ^h" *• *'The odd n„ Z '•aspect. veljr. "''^^ «« homesteads and ' '"^^!v;;^^^'?in the several belt. ,h n , ^*^^ 1 Belt B, dollar) per acre; ■>' f and the terms of ^tl^e of such lands shall be as follows, vis. :— One-tenth in ca>h at the time of ])urchi4se; tiie balance in nine eqiinl annual instalment*, with interest at ihe rate of six ))cr cent, per annum on the balnnco of piinhasc money from time to time remaining uupald, to be paid with each instalment. G. " The Pre-emption Lands within the several belts shall be sold for the prices and on the terms respectively as follows: — In the Belts A, B, and C, at ^2.50 (two dollars and fify cents) per acre ; in Belt D, at ^2 (two dollars) per acre ; and in Beit E, at $1 (one dollar) per acre. Thu terms of payment to be four-tenths of the purchase money, together with interest on the latter at the rate of G per cent, per annum, to bo paid at the end of three years from the date of entry; the remainder to be paid in six equal instalments annually from and after the said daie, with interest at the rate above mentioned on such portion^ of the purchase money as may remain unpaid, tu be paid with each instalment. 7. ''All payments for Railway Lands, and also for Pre-emption Lands, within the several Belts, shall bo in cash, and not in scrip or military or |X)Iice bounty warrants. , 8. "All moneys received in payment of Pre-emption Lands shall inure to and fcrm pan of the fund for railway purposes, in a similar manner to the moneys rcceivca in payment of Railway Lands. 9. "These provisions shall be retroactive so far as relates to any and all entries of Homestead and Pre-emption Lands, or sales of Railway Lands > '^r^*' ^ Photographic Sciences Corporbtion 23 WCST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. USeO (716)872-4503 \ qv >^ ^ ^\ ^" ■^'" 1 6 "Where the railway crosses Pre-emptions or Railway Lands, entered subsequent to the date hereof, the Government may take possession of such portion thereof as may be required for right of way or for station grounds or ballast pits, and the owner shall only be entitled to claim payment for the land so taken, at the same rate per acre as he may have p&id the Government for the sume. • > c " In ca«e, on the final location of the railway through lands unsnrveyed, or suiveyed but not entered for at the time a person is found in occupation of land which it may be desirable in the public interest to retain, the Government reserves the right to take possession of such land, paying the squatter the value of any improvements he may have made thereon. 12. " Claims to Public Lands arising from settlement after the date hereof, in territory nnsurveyed at the time of such settlement, and which may be embraced within the limits affected by the above policy, or by the extension thereof in the future over additional territory, will be ultimately dealt with in accordance with the terms prescribed above for the lands in the particular belt in which such (>oitllcment may be found to be situate, subject to tlie operation of subsection c of section 11 of these provisions. 13. "All entries after the date hereof of unoccupied lands in the Saskatchewan Agency, will be considered as provisional, until the railway line through that part of the territories has been located, after wiiich the same will be finally disposed of in accordance with these provisions as the same may apply to the particular belt in which such lands may be found to be situated, subject, as above, to the operation of sub-section c of section 11 of these provisions. ^ • . m,? 14. " With a view to encouraging settlement by cheapening the cost of building material, the Government reserves the right to grant licenses, renewable yearly under section 52 of the * Dominion Lands Acts, 1879/ to cut merchantable timber on any lands situuted within the several belts above described, and any settlement upon, or sale of lands within, the territory covered by such licenses, shall for the time being be subject to the operation of such licenses. 15. " The above provisions, it will, of course, be understood will not affect sections 11 and 29, which are public school lands, or sections 8 and 26, Hudson's Bay Company's 1 inds. Any further information necessary may be obtained on application at tho Dominion Lands Office, Ottawa, or from the agent of the Dominion Lands, Winnipeg, or from any of the local agents in Manitoba or the Territories. «-..,, •U i - ■ # t> r; J' By order of the Minister of the Interior, .^s, >.(►•; ^ ^f.;.r , ;,,< ,... ji, , _ , J. S. DENNIS, * ^ LlNDSAT RnSSULL, Surveyor General. ... i'-H< Im- .'i ,f. Deputy of the Minister of the Interior. , It".' I. ,-(.!!'' '.I'i 1,-7*. < '\^> ',O.J<""(;i '■'ffi' •{•(Ui! '■• '> . [-. oili'mf To the Free Grant Lands of Muskoka, Canada. r.'> .1 ,. " >ii ■::)L\ The GEOR&IM BAT TEMSPORTATIOir CO. From ColUngwood, Meaford, & Owen Sound SAULT STE. MARIE, ,, Manitoulin, Gockburn and St. Joseph's Islands, Parry Sound, and the Muskoka Free Grant Lands, The Popular Express Route to Sault Ste. Marie and Intermediate Ports. :-. -!. ;' - -./ o:-:irr«To '''' The splendidly equipped new Upper Cabin swift Steamers "NORTHEPN QUEEN," "OSWEGO BELLE," "NORTHERN BELLE," Cabrtino Her Majesty's Mails, In eonneotion with the Northern Bailway and Hamilton and North-Westara Ballway, at GoUingwood, and the Toronto. Qrey and Bruce Bailway, at Owen Sound, leare Gollinffwood, Meaford nnd Owen Sound, for Eillamey, Manitowaning, Little Current, Lacloche, Mudge Bay, Oore Bay, Spaaish Biver, Gockburn Inland, Blind Biver, Thesaa- lon Biver, Bruce Mines, Hilton. BichardH' Dock, Garden River and Sanlt Ste. Marie, every WEDNESDAY and SATUBDAY. ".f Xii^sj Fine Steamers, Good Accommodation, Low Fares. .J; i -< ; h i",-.. NOTXOE TO TEE EUBOFEAN SETTLERS AND TOUfilSTS. Daily Mail Service between Toronto, Parry Sonnd, and Lakes of Muskoka, via Colliogwood and Penetanguishene. Close connections made between Steamers and Northern and Hamilton and North* Western Bailways. Collingwood and Toronto, Orey and Bruce Bailway, Owen Sonnd. Bates Low. For Freiffht and Passage, apply to BARLOW OUHBBRLAin), 85, Tonge Strset, Toronto; at CoUingwood to THOMAB LONG, Seoretary. or to :.jii GEO. H. WYATT, ft.^ntirM r.?!!^nT ,YO.um X 16, Watks Stbbbx, LIVERPOOL. TO THE TBAVEIIEB, SPOBTSMAN, AND TOURIST VI8ITIN0 QUEBEC, MONTREAL, CANADA, OR TH£ FAR WEST. Q.TJ£lBfiiO TO H: AIMIITiT OJSr. Eichelieu and Ontario Navigation Co. ■.Aii}h.[)[l.ii. will ROYAL MAIL LINE ^^ r f < ? ?. f f v r 'T > o BETWEEN Quebec, Montreal, KiDgston, Toronto, Hamilton, ,Vvi^i\.\ AND -INTERMEDIATE PORTS. i* u\(;\.:i This Magnificent Line, composed of the following first-class Side-Wheel , . , Steamers, viz. : Bbtwken '^ QUEBEC & MONTREj^L. QUEBEC, (Iron), CAPT. LABELLE. MONTREAL, tlion), CAPT. NELSON. One of which will le^ve Quebec Pier every Evening (Sundays excepted) nt 6 O'OlOCX calling at iotermediate Porta, and arriving at Montreal eaily the following morning. BETWEEN MONTREAL & HAMILTON. COBS CAN. (Composite), Capt.SINCLAIB. | PASSPORT, (Composite). CqptlBVINB BPARTAN. „ „ BAILEY. ALOERIAN. new „ Capt. T HOWELL CORINTHiAN. „ ,. FAMBELL. | MAGNET, „ .. CAMEBON Will leave the CANAL BASIN daily; (Sundays pzcepted), at 9 O'olOOlL and LACHINE on the arrival of the Train leaving BONAVENTUBl'. STATION at NOON, andCOTEAU LANDING on the arrival of the Train leavinx MONTBEAL at 5 P.)f. for Hamilton and Intermediate Ports, making --direct connection at Preseott and BrcckvUle with the Bailways for OTTAWA CITY, KEMPTVILLE. PEBTH. ABNPBIOB, &0; also at OGDENSBUBOH with the Ogdendhtirgh and Lake Cham- plain Baiiway; at POBT HOPE with the Midland Bailway for the variouit I laces on that Line; at TORONTO with the Northein and Toronta Qray and Pruce Bailways for COLLTNQWOOD, OWEN SOUND. SAULT STE. MABIE, FOBT WILLIAM, DULUTH and FOBT GABBY, and with the Stramkks for NIA<*ABA, LEWISTON, NIAGABA PALLS, BUFFALO, CLEVELAND. TOLEDO, CINCINNATL Ac., and at HAMILTON with ihe Great Western & Canada Southern BaVwaya. far STBAT- FUBD. LONDON, CHATHAM. SABNIA. DETBOIT, CHICAGO. MILWAUKEE, OALENA, GBEEN BAY, ST. PAUL. FOBT GABBY, and WINNIPEG. The Steamers of this Line are unequalled, and from the completeness of their arrangementy presents advantages to travellers which none other can affurd. They pau dirough all the rapidH of the St Lawrence and the beatttiful Scenery of the Lake oftha Thousand Islundc, by daylight The greatefit despatch given to Freight at the lowar rates. Through Bates over the Great W««teni, Canada Soothefn >tnd Northern Bdlwayaaragivaa. ,_^^ j.^, ^BETURN TICKETS AT BXDTTOED BATES. ., Through Tickets to the above places, and also to OMAHA. SAOBAM£NTO and SAN FBANOISOO. are now inned at the lowest rates, and mav be obUlned with every iurormation from R. A. DICKSON, Ticket Agent, Na 188, St. Jamei 8t ; and at the Ticket OiBoe, Biohelieu Piar, foot of Jacques Oartiar Square, Montreal. 4, B. LAMKRH Oeneral Manager. ALEX. MILLOT, Traffio Maaagtr. Qeneiml Offloa— 228, St Paul Street, Montreal. BIST VISITINO ^B, WEST. ation Co. LINE ffamilton, Side-Wheel „ LPT. NELSON. 9d) (It 5 O'clock. lowing morning; HILTON. te).CaptIBVINB 3apt. TiiOWELL .. CAMERON , 9 O'clock, and mONatNboN. rBEALat«P.ll Ion at Prescott ^LLE. PEBTtt ind Lake Chaml !;>;ioa:-.*?? * x/X ■JOV ys. far STEAT- MILWAUKE^ ctenesB of their •Jfd. They mm tLe Lake ofdM 't at the lower i>nd Northern FT TES. "* AOBAUBNIt) obtainiHl with H James 8t : lontreAl. ' iMtauffw. Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway, Passiog throngh the hunting and fishing grounds of the North-West part of Ontario. Trains leave Toronto 7.30 a.m., 12.20 p.m., 6.0 p.m. ■xf' Connections are made at Tot onto with the — .- Chnnd Trank, Great Western, Northern, and Toronto and NipistiBg Bailways; Lake Ontario and Biver St. Lawrence Steamers. A /■•^ 4 ^ ,^And at Owen Sound with the Lake Superior Steamers "Frances Smith," "City of Owen Sound," and " City of Winnipeg," which leave every Tuesday and Friday for Lakes Huron and Superior Forts, connecting at Sulnth with N.F. Bailway for Winnipeg, Fort Garry. The Qeorgiaii Bay Steamers, " Northern Belle," " Northern Queen " and " Oswego Belle," which leave evexy Wednesday and Saturday for all Georgian Bay Forts to Sault Ste. Uarie inclusive, arriving at Owen Sound on the return trip early on Uonday and Fdday during the season of navigation. The European traveller or settler will find the TORONTO, GBET and BRUCE RAILROAD a direct route to the best parts of the counties of Grey or Bruce for either farms or sport. ,r.,^ _. . t EDMDND WRAGGB, General Offices, Toronto. , , „ , ^^ , ^ General Manager, .,^Ul1/;tVl ^vi^a For farther information aiqply to .VHu-i^^^jriiAV^GEo.. H. wtatt; 15, Water Street, LiVBBPOOL. Notice to the European Traveller and Settler. fjj:»\^ US •: t CMAM AND MANITOBA. '-inrv}i !•.!! !r.,n ;.^^.. r .•If '-(■ '.(. ..'.if, •')-'t:>i ..i.u ;■ ; ; ^,i:<.i.:: 1 QUm TRUNK RAILWAT. GREAT THROUGH LINE ^ TO . ALL FARTS OF CANADA, Manitoba and Hlorth West Territories. :7^i^Arx6^h^ J^M THROUGH RATES TO WINNIPEG Cftn be obtained at the rtrj Lowest Rates on applicatjlon to Agents (MT the Steamship Offices throughout the United Kingdom, and the Agents of the Company at Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and all the principal points in Canada and the United States. _~y-r •. m -v ..<»• , _,!^*»,»«-»l -ajf** * »V >.'_.,*j»t» ■/,:i Special Rates for Emigrants. ^' THROUGH RATES made for HOUSEHOLD GOODS, Ac. Full information can be obtained at the Company's Offices, 21, OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.C., and on application at the Canadian Steamship Offices, in LIVERPOOL; or ,TmYW J W. WAINWRIGHT, :'i 'iisiM'^'M Gbhbbai. Pass Aobht, i|: THE "QUEEN'S" HOTEL, L-,,-D'.i.^ ^W '^-^ TORONTO. «t:-»Si5t a. McGAW A WINETT, Proprietors. The " QUEEN'S" is one of the largest and the most comfortable Hotel in the Dominion of Canada. Being adjacent to the Lake, it commands a beautiful view of Toronto Bay and Lake Ontario. It is well known as the coolest Summer House in Canada. It is elegantly furnished throughout — rooms en tuite, with Bath-rooms, etc., attached, on every floor. In 1871 a splendid suite of Apartments was occupied by His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia and suite, His Excellency the Earl of Dufferin, K.P., Governor-General of Canada, and the Countess of Dufferin, on the occasion of each visit to Toronto, engaged suites of apartments at '. m, Circassian Fridny, July 11,5 p.m. Friday, July 18, II 30 p.m. 7 d. 11 b. m. Prruvian Frlilay, Aug. 1, 5 p.m. Friday, Aug. 8, 6 30 p.m. 7 d. C h. m. HOMEWARDS. 1878. EmbHiked Mails at Itiinnimki. Orounwiuh Time. Landed MniU at Moviile. Ttma, Moravian .. Sunday, July 7, 5 50 a.m. Sunday, July 14, 1 p.m. 7 d. 7 b. 10 m. POLTNBSIAN .. Sunday, July 28, 3 15 a.m. Sunday, Aug. 4, 3 30 p.m. 7 d. 12 b. 16 m. Circassian . .. Sunday, Aug. 11, 3 30 a.m. Sunday, Aug. 18, 7 20 p.m. 7 d. 16 b. 50 m. Pni.TNKfilAN .. Sunday, Sept. 8, 3 60 a.m. Sunday, Sept. 16, 9 15 a.m. 7 d. «b. 26 m. HOMEWARDS, 1879 ClRCASSTAN .. Sunday, June 22, 2 5 a.m. Sunday, June 29, 2 p.m. 7 d. lib. 56 m. POLTNKSIAN .. Sunday, July 20, 4 10 a.m. Sunday, July 27, Noon. 7 d. rb. 60 m. Sarmatian .. Sunday, July 27, 2 40 a.m. Sunday, Aug. 3, 2 80 p.m. 7 d. lib. 60 m. Sardinian .. Sunday, Aug. 10,3 a.m. Sunday, Aug. 17, 7 80 a.m. 7 1. 4h. 80 m. Sardinian . .. Sunday, Sept. 21,4 a.m. Suuday, Sept. 28, 7 20 a.m. 7 d. 3 b. 30 m. Moravian . .. Sunday, Sept. 28, 3 40 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 5, 11 40 a.m. 7 d. 8 b. Om. Pbkuvian... .. Sunday, Oct. 5, 2 50 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 12, 8 30 a,m. 7 d. fib 40 m. Rimouski is 11 hours' steaming from Quebec, and daring the r.ea6on of 8t. Lawrence Navigation, is the port at which the mails are embarked and disembarked. During Winter, Halifax is the Port at which the Mails are embarked and disembarked. Through Tickets to all points In CANADA and the STATES can be obtained from any Authorised Agent of the Line, or from ALLAH BROTBBES ft 00., Alexandra Buildings, LIVERPOOL, or Foyle Street, LONDONDERRY. ■; « 1 :rs N E Liverpool inter, and Eisgow and ice, nffording A.tlantic Mail iken from the ir speed. Time. 7 «1. 22 h. 10 m. 7 d. 15h. fi m. . 7 d. 6 h. 80 m. . 7 d. 5 h. 30 in. . 7 d. 18 h. m. 7 d. 17 h. 60 m. 7 d. 6 h. 80 m. 7 d. fi b. 40 ID. 6 d. 23 h. 80 m. I. 7 d. 9 h. 45 m. 1. 7 d. 14 h. m. >. 7 d. 11 h. m. I. 7 d. 6 h. m. trh« '. HS,'*^* w^^.'- '':h Ttm*, I. 7 d. 7 h. 10 m. . 7 d. 12 h. 16 m. I. 7 d. 16 h. 60 m. I. 7 d. G h. 26 m. 1. 7 d. 11 h. 66 m. 7 d. 7 h. 60 m. . 7 d. 11 h. 60 m. 1. 7 J. 4 h. 80 m. . 7 d. 3 h. 20 m. . 7 d. 8 h. m. >. 7 d. 5 h. 40 m. d daring the the mails are s the Port at ie STATES ine, or from ONDERRY. . g>«iin»»* cpr--^— fgs_ '*niS>**«i",ft«.«''»*'Si^ ^ ^' .Hi - ^V1 ••■^ 4' . it X r X' !, ^ *. 4i iLiAt^- 6ftb+HtftS * op., . ,. .. V / •t,)' ' •» i m *wi !'l.' lv\l.V-\^, J , ;