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CONTAINING AN ENTIRE TRANSLATION OF THE SPANISH WORK OF COLONEL DON ANTONIO DE ALCEDO, CAPTAJN OF THE ROYAL SPANISH GUARDS, AND MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF HISTORV WITH iLatge ^btJitiottfi ant) Cornpilattons FROM MODERN VOYAGES AND TRAVELS, AND FROM ORIGINAL AND A UTIIENTIC IN FORMA TION. i»y G. A. THOMPSON, ESQ. IN FIVE VOLUMES. VOL. I. Magna modis multis mirandu ridetur Gentibus humanis regio, visendaque J'crtur , Rebus opima bonis. Luchetius, lib. I. Hue 727, HonDon : PKIIilEn vow JAMrsCARPENTEn, OLD DOND-STREET ; I.ONCM*N, IIUIIST, IIEES, OIIME, AND BROWN, PAltBNOSTBUnon ; WMITK, tOU.UA.E, AN.. ,0. AND .MtRUXY, FLKET- STREET, rONUoN ; PARKIR, OXFOI.D; AND DEICIITON, r SMmUi.r.l 1812, 14l;)fl| *-i^-»nm- «lii )ni .# TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY MATTER. f ! 1. Tramlalor's Preface. 2. List of Subscribers to the Translation, 3. Translator's Advertisement. 4. Alqedd's Dedication. 5. Algedo's Preface. 6. Albedo's Additions and Corrections stated. 7. List of Albedo's Subscribers. 8. ^ several Table of Kingdoms, Provinces, S^c. into which Spanish America tsdmded,- wxtha continuation, illustrating at one view the other respective Uomimom and Governments in America and the JVest Indies. aelaered wuh the last Volume, and maj^ be bound up with the first. VOL. I. ■■*• ■II'."..,**'**' ■ I TRANSLATOR'S ADVERTISEMENT. THE history of Albedo's work is already before the world, as stated in my pros|)ectus ; the particulars of such statement were derived from his own preface, which is now de- livered entire, and to which I bet? leave particularly to call tin.' reader's attention. The manner in which the original deficiencies of that author were to be corrected, and in which the historical and geographical relations of the countries treated of, were to be brouflit down to the present day, has been explained in the prospectus, and the volume now before the public will best show how those promises have beeii fulfilled. Aithongh from the forward state of the work, (the whole of it, with some small excep- tions, being ready for press), I might now enter into an analysis of my labours ; I shall reserve tluit task until the whole shall have been published, when there will be delivered to the subscribers a regular preface, containing such general considerations respecting America and the West Indies, as could not, with equal convenience, have been incor- porated with the work itself. Whatever might have been my own opinion as to the necessity of giving a literal and complete translation of Albedo, I found myself bound so to do, as well from the sensation which the book had awakened at the first issuing of the prospectus, as from the opinion of its earliest and most distinguished patrons, that, considering how rare and curious was supposed to be the information it contained, it would be thought defective by the public if any part of the original were omitted ; although, on the other hand, something might have been gained in point of conciseness and regularity of method. The translation, therefore, is as literal as the respective idioms of the two languages would permit, saving in r'»pic trifling cases of evident ^rrw^a; the additional matter is always included in brackets; and if, as in various instances, it be continued for several pages, the brackets will be found at tin; beginning and end of each page. Like Albedo, I have forborne to quote my authorities specifically in each article, for the sake of avoiding unnecessary repetitions; though, like him, I refer my readers to particular authors to illustrate my subject, when the matter has grown too voluminous und(!r my hands. It 's true that I have assumed a complete discrelionary power with re- gard to the additional infurniation, but I shall not fail, in justice to those writers to whom I am so much indebted, to give in the preface a list of my authorities, as well as of the original documents to which I may have had access. I cannot, however, forbear mention- ing for the present, how far more copious and extensive is the infoiniation of this publica- tion than thai of aii}- which has hitherto appeared. In some of the articles, as n>ay be * 'J ( VIII ) SQCU iitiiitT the heads liiM/il, Canada, :wh1 Chile, in this vuluiue, not less tliuii tVuiii '20 to 46 pages of additional matter have been introduced, each article having its separate index of contents. Independently likewise of the very elaborate work of Morse, containing upwards of 7000 articles, nearly the whole of which have been transfused into these volumes; many large and valuable extracts, as well as new articles, have been selected from Molina, Humboldt, Depons, Azara, and other writers of less consideration, even with respect to the Spanish provinces of America ; upon which subject AI(;edo is far more copious and complete than any other writer. In the West India islands, as luuler the heads Antigua, Barbadoes, St. Christopher, &c. comparative accounts of the earlier ex- ports and imports have been selected, and those of the latest years introduced. Our author, we find, had thought it necessary to annex to his book a large vocabulary of provincial terms, forming a catalogue of the plants, birds, animals, &c. found in America : it is obvious that this information is still more desirable in the translation ; and this glossary has, therefore, been carefully revised, and enriched with valuable additions; and there being several Spanish terms which will not admit of direct translation in the dicuonary, these likewise, with a full explanation of their meaning, will be found in the same glossary ; each such term being, for the convenience of the reader, invariably found printed in italics in the body of the work. To conclude, so much additional light has been thrown upon the geography of America since the publication of Al9edo, that, in order to render these volumes as perfect as possible, the position of every place has been carefully revised, and corrected according to Mr. Arrowsmith's several maps of Norfh America, of the United States, of the West Tndia Islands, of Mexico, and of Soxith America; the last of which has been recently constructed from original materials, which till lately remained inaccessible at Madrid and at Lisbon ; whilst, at the same time, all the places not h( retofore found in his maps have been inserted from the Dictionary, as it issued sheet by sheet from the press. The above maps of Mr. Arrowsmith, whose eminence in that line it is unnecessary to mention, will consequently be ready to be delivered at a somewhat reduced price to the subscribers to this book, about the time of the publication of the last volume, and will form a complete ATLAS to At9edo, who had no means of improving and illustrating his Dictionary by so important a supplement. G.A.THOMJPSON. « ^ ■) 1 i* •pUBBW*'- « m-'mm m)^ mi». n I ALCEDO'S DEDICATIONS ® To His Eoz/ai Highness the Prince of Sjjain, SIR, .= K • J^}^, .^"""'"'0"^ of America, to which Heaven has dfslinecl you the heir J be,„g part of th.s monarchy, have their fortunes united with those of^yo. Rovaj Charle V.] they owe the first elements of civil government, and the svstim esta^iished for the propagation of the gospel amongst those gentibs, to Chares 11^ the protection and encouragement of the missions, by which so many souls have been brought into the bosom of the church; and to Charles III. your Roya HiJhness's august father, the mort happy estabHshments, the present vvell-orSL" no Uica economy of Europe, the promotion of the arts and the advantages of co^m erce -^o he exceUency of winch institutions every day bears testimony, and for a con nua^ion of h^ benefits of which we look with confidence, seeing that your Royal HieCssTsrthPrn! instruction in the wise school of your father. ^ "'ghness is gathering Surely then. Sir, the New World could not find a better Afacenas than n the person of your Royal Highness, to protect a work written by one oftTsons anS SIR, At the feet of your Royal Highness, ANTONIO DE ALCEDO. I'' i i' ALC ED O'S PREFACE. rUE history of America and the West Indies has been for some time an object of t|je study and interest of all iMiropcan nations, from the desire of niformation concerning the gfography, navigation, customs, and productions of those parts, and for the sake of encouraging commerce between the Old World and a country considered as the very fountain of riches. Hence it is that foreigners have dedicated themselves to writing and publishing on this subject whatsoever they knew or could colli "t -, procuring from Spain all the histories and treatises which had been already made by the natives and the first dis- coverers and contjuerors of those regions : in so niucii, that books which were heretofore common, and in no estimation, are now scarcely to be obtained at any price. What has in no small degree contributed to the connection between the Old and New Worlds, is the introduction of certain Aujerican i reductions into the former, which through luxury have been ndered indispensible, sncli as Cdcao, cochineal, tobaccc, vicuTia wool, &c. ; as also, for their specific medicinal virtues, bark, jalap, z.irzaparilia, calaguaUi, ccinc/iagiialii, and the balsams of Tolii, Maria, Canimc, &c. not to be found iu any other part. These, it appeared to me, were sufficient reasons for requiring an universal history of America, which might contain every thing worthy of note, as welt in its civil, natural, and ecclesiastical relations, as in iis geography, productions, commerce, navigation, and interests with European pov.ers: but being well aware of the difficulty of combining such information, it seemed to me more advisat)Ie to reduce it to the form of a dictionary. A publication of this nature could never have been completed l)y tlie labour of an individhal ; but being aware that this timidity might ever operate as an insuperable obstacle to its CKecution, I determined, by the advice of a person of superior t.ilentg and intelligence, to be tiie first to lay the foundation, at least, of the undertaking; being, however, at the same time, somewhat instigated by th rcilcetion, that I had myself visited many parts of America and the West Indies; and that I could avail myself of some most exact find important information in the viva voce communications of a rMinister, [pro- bably the M. K. P. Fr. Pedro Gonzalez de Agiieros, Franciscan missionary in the Ar- chipelago of Chiloe], who having filled several of the highest ofiices in those countries for the space ol upwards of forty years, had acquired a very unconnnon stock of valuable knowledge, so as to have obtained at court the title of the '• Oracle of Ameiica;" — a title, for the justification of which, it were only necessary to refer to the vast number of public documents and decrees which have been drawn up by him for the Council of the Indies, and to the variety of works he has written, independent of tiinse which have been published, and have met with general applause and estiuiation. In short, it is from such sources, as well as from a vast library of Indian books and papers, that I have found materials to labour incessniuly for the space of twenty years, without other intennission th;>n SI cii as was called
they were still unpub- lished, and not within my reach, I have been forced to content myself with such as have either passed through the press, or my good fortune and diligent research have thrown into my way. Fa/e. A L C E D O'S ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS STATED. ! ; ' i THE desire we have felt of rendering this work more perfect, by every means in our power, has caused us to be continually employed in its execution; and since we have discovered many errata which have unavoidably arisen in the press, we lose no time in bringing them to light ; taking, at the same time, an opportunity of adverting to certain communications forwarded to us from certain literary characters who have been zealous in promoting our undertaking, and contributing to the public weal: amongst the number of whom are, the most Illustrious Sefior Don Juan Manuel Moscoso, bishop of Cuzco; Don Joseph de Ugarte, colonel of militia of the province of Abancay; the Fr. Pedro Gonzalez de Agiieros, of the order of St. Francis, and missionary apostolic for many years in the Archipelago of Chiloe ; the Fr. Francisco de Ajofrin, a Capuchin ; Don Manuel del Campo, native of the city of Cartago; and Don Joseph Lindo; all of whom are actually residing at this court, and to whom I with great gratitude acknow- ledge all the important favours the public, no less than myself, has received. But, and although we are convinced it were in tlie power of many others to have manifested the same dispositioij;-;, who have contented themselves with criticising the errors they have beep able to discern ; and although we couid, if we thought proper, shew on what little foundation their arguments were built, we shall decline entering into any controversy with them, but shall content ourselves with following the plan we have designed in the preface, supporting ourselves in oiir laborious employ with the consolatory reflection, that the work has obtained undeniable credit, as well in this kingdom as in America and in foreign parts, and that all wise ])ersoi)s are well aware of the difficulties Vi'hich must na- turally accrue to the beginning of an undertaking of this nature, and that time alone can bring it to perfection: To this, we cannot forbear adverting to the very great loss we have experienced by the fire wliich occurred in the palace and secretary of state's office, in 1734 ; insomuch that we were obliged to go about soliciting information from the curious, i»s was particularly the case for the completion of the series of bishops and governors, not having been able to obtain any intelligence respecting them in the various papers and docinnents which lay before us ; and it is entirely from this latter source that we have completed the lists of bishops of Arequipa, Caracas, and Cuzco. LIST OF ALCEDO'S SUBSCRIBERS. ^1 The Royal Academy of Hislory, 24 conies. Don Joaqiiiii DarecLc y Urrutia Don Andres Gilabert. Don Miguel Muriilo. Don pStWca!"'' inbabiiantof Cadi. Don Cayclano Foncerrada eitenant-gencral, and miltary fiscal of tb. supreme council of war. rhc most Excellent Senor Duke of Alva. ftfnvT ^"T"' "''"P'"'" °f ''«"«»r to his Majesty, and canon of the Loly church of Don Agustin Madan, 2 conies. Don Pedro Colmenares. M.e'S^r*'!'-'^".^*'" Asteguieta, canon in the collegiate church of Mendinacdi Don Manuel Antonio do Arce y CaS Don Dionisio Garcia Urbano. ^ ce.aryofthe revenue office, ^"^ ,??•. *y- ! • f. ••• J"«n Antonio Roarte, a calccd yi'i'lanan in Salamanca. J •« '""ecu IJon Juan Antonio de la Peiia The M°"k p gT,i«' «f |"« ^S'.iesty's council. A ,-. "• *;• ir, lomasdela Virffen Don Alexandre, Cameron, rector" ol the royal Ti, Vf *«'^*'"'''^«"f ^'"""dolid. ^" IheK. p Don Romualdo Ramirez, admini^tra tor ot San Anton Abad. ' ""'"•"'-'™- d';;:rtm^,lr^"^' "• ^'^^^ '" <'- --«- Don Jacobo Maria Espinosa, knight of the dis- tmguised order of Charles III. fi^ca of - royal audience of Catahina. " ''^^"' "^ t''<^ Don Joseph Madrazo dc la Escalera. i on .nan de V.lialonga, captain of eno-jnecrs Don .Foaqu a de NernHi,>-. ^r Cortes de Velasco. lJlui\ ?7,'"o^'-''VJ»' benedictinc monk, Si^d'rOviedo! "^'-'^ "^'^'"'^^^•'^ «^«->^'- '^'""Tp IIJ"' ^l'^'"'^'' ^•'■°" I^'^nedictino, regent Oviedo/"^' "monastery of San Vicente^ de Don Joseph Sandoval, inhabitant of Malaga. o?Tol'' do. '"' i'''^"^^''y »'■ t''^' ''ol/church Don Juan Francisco del Castillo y Carroz. IJic Illustrious Sefior Count of Teua. of the councia..d chamber of the Indie,r' Don Manuel Conies, inhabitant of Cadiz, iion Jayme Marl Inez. DonCayetano Maria lluarle, prebendary of the c « ( xiv ) n? iff '1 Don Marliii tie I I'k.;!, oidov of tlir royal audienco ofScvill;!. Don .li);itjiiiii (Ic MoiiiKi, cnjjtaiii of the royal ariDiidii. Don Mamicl llspinosa Tt-Ilo, lieutt-naiil of (lie royal armada. 'The niosl flliisfrioir Si nor, Don Joscjili Constancio (Ic Andiiios, l)is|i()|) o! .\ll)arraciii. The liriijadicr MiiniiiiMifdranada, captain of tlic rcii'inicnt of royal Spani^li gnards. Don Fi^iiacio dc Mcrns Quclpo. Don I'rancisco Duranijo. Don Ariijcl Tricincro^i, secretary lo llic embassy at the conrt of 'I'lirin. Don Antonio de Lara y Znfiica, of (lie council of 11. M. at (he conrt of inquisition of Sevilla. Don Touias Isidro de la I'inta. Don Cayclano I Inc. Don (.'ayetano I'onI (Mossas. Don IVdro .Inez Sarniiento, licntonnnt-coloncl of the royal nrniies, adjutant-major of royal Spanisli jjniirds. Don Narciso de Pedro, colonel at the Plaza of V^diMicia. Don Joseph Francisco Ferrer de Ibanez, inhabi- tant of Uarcelona. Don Vicente D.)niindei I'iiniar, niitivo of llie ojiv ol Barinas in America. Don \'ioeiilo Navarro, canon of lluesoa. Don Andres de Quuvedo, second iii 'itenaiit of 'rie- nadier.s in (lie royal S|)ani,sh giii 'dv. '^ Don Joseph Itnbio, second lieuleniiin in (lu- re-i- ment of royal Spanisii guards. "^ Don Antonie. Pasqnal y (iarcia de Alinunia, per. pelnal »ri;7(/o>- amongst the nobi(;s of tlie cilv ol Valencia. Don Manuel Joseph Marin. Don Juslo, pastor of Astiquiela y Sarraldo, lesi- •lent a) Mexico. Don Silv.Htre Diaz do la \ ega, accountant of the tobacco-revenues at Mexico. The Doctor Don Manuel de I'loroz, secretary of the Jllmo Sr. archbishop of Mexico. Don l-'elipo Albeia, booivseller at this court. Tlie Doctor Don Estevan duticrrez. Don Pedro Joseph de Lemus, inhabitant ot Mexico. Don Tomas de Berganza. Don Joseph do Aguilar. The most Excellent Sr. Duke of Alburquerque Marijuis of La Mina, gentleman of the cham- ber to his Majesty, and brigadier-gcncral in the royal armies. The R. P Fr. Juan Fiayo, a Franciscan, and preacher in the convent of Cartagena, in the Indies. Don Pedro Tomas de Villanueva, resident at Car- tagena, in the Indies. Don Antonio Bergosa y Jordan, inquisitor of Mexico, Don Isidro Liinonta, colonel of infantry, kine'g lieutenant at the Plaza of Cuba. DonJosopii Martin de Carmendia, inhabitant of Villatranca of Guipuzcoa. Don Gabriel Manuel Espinosa de los Monteros, re- sident at Barcelona. Don Francisco Arias Velasco, perpetual residor of the city of Ovicdo. Don Manuel Maico, of his Majesty's council of the royal revenue. eg |H||. GENERAL TABLK OF THE KINGDOMS AXD PHOVINCES INTO WHICH SPJNISH AMERICA IB DIVIDED; AND OF THE VICLROYALTIES. GOVERNMENTS, CORREGIMIENTOS. AXD ALCALDIAS MAYORES ESTABLISHED IN THEM. SOUTH AMERICA i« divided into three Viceroyaltics, containing the following Kingdoms and Provinces VICEROYALTY OF THE NEW KINGDOM OF GRANADA. Kingdom of TienuA Firme. Governments. <'artagcna;^ Caracas, Popayan, Maracaibo, Tunja, Bogota, Boza, Pasca, Panchcs, Giiatavita^ Panama, Portovelo, Veragua,. Darien. Alcaldia Mat/or. Nata. N^Ew Kingdom of Ghanada, Gozeruments. Guayana, Antioquia, f '""^'la. San Faustino, Santa Marta, San Juan de 4 Llanos, ^-lioco, San Juan Jiron, Zipaquira, Ubatc, Coyaima, Muzo, Turnicqiie, Tensa, Correghnientos. Duitama, Chivata, Paipa, Sogamoso, Nciva, Gameza, (Guayaquil, Jaen de Bracamoros, Kingdom of Quito. Government!:. Esmeralda.t, IMainas, Mariquita, Isla de Puerforico, Isla de la Trinidad, Isla do la Margarita. ChiJa, Sacliica, A^elez, San Gil, Servi(a, Qnixos y Macas, Cuenca, m f ■m -w '■'m^^ =«lii, ■If i ■'•■! Pasto, Xibiiros, J barm, ( xvii ) Corirgimienlos. Tnciinga, Kiobainbii, Ainbato, Loxa, VICEROYALTY OK PERU. Kingdom of Pkru. Governments. /amora, ("bimbo. Abancai, Aimnracs, Andahuailas, Angaraes, Arequipa, Arica, Calca y Lares, Camaiui, Canes y Candies, Canetc, Can(a, Ccrcado, Guarocbiri, larma, Cbacliupoyas, Chan cay, Castro Virrejna, Collabuas, Conch ucos, Condesuyos, Colabainba, Cbilqucs y Masques Chumbivilcas, fiuamanga, Giianiacana, G'uanialies, (•uancavolica, Cuzco. Corregimientos. fiuarochiri, Huailas, Huanuco, Hiianla, Luya y Cblllaos, Lucanos, Moquebua, Parinacoclias, Piura, Paucartainbo, Pafaz, Quispicancbi, Sana, Saiifii, Tium'IIo, Vilcas Ilunnian, Caxamarca, Urubaniba, Yauyos, Yea, Xauxa, Caxatambo, Buenos Ayrcs, ('hucuito, Tucuman, VICEROYALTY OF THE PROVINCES OF TIIL RIO DE LA PLATA, Governments. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Puno Mizque, Pancarcolia, Pilaya y Paspaya, Puraabamba, Yamparncz, (-^ocha'janiba, Montevideo, Paraguay, CLayanta, Larecaja, Lipes, Paria, Pacajes, Apolabainba, Paz, Potosi, Coreghnientos. Atacama, Asangaro, Carabaya, Carangas, Tarija, Porco, Chiquitos, Moxos, Oruro, t)niasuyos, Sicasica, Tomiua. Conccpcion, Valdivia, CAPTAINS1111».G£NERAL AND PRESIDENCY OF CHILE. Kingdom of Chile. Govrrnmcnls. Valparaisi. Aconcasrua, Cuyo, Copiiip(',^ <"'>r;'jinibo, Chiloe, Corregimientos. Colcagua, Puchacay, Cliiiliifi, Mault, Melpilia, Quillota, Rede, Santiago, Islas Malvinas, Islas de Juan Fernandez. Rancagua, Kala, ( xiiii ) l' NORTH AMKIMCA, vrhicJi has only one VkeroyaUy, and contains tlic following Kingdoms ai,d Provinces! VICKUOYALTY OF Nl':W SIM IN. Kingdom of New Spain. Governments. V.'raCrnz, Coiicruil,,, Yncatan, Acapuico, I'uebla (le los Anjielcs. Arto|)aiTi, A[>am, Acayuca, Antii^ua, Acatlaii, Atrisco, San Bias, dial CO, Cuyoacan, ('liietia, Cliiautia, Coatepcc, Cozamaliiapan, Cordoba, Cadrcita, Chilapa, (vucrnavaca, Col i ma, Cholula, Cliigungua, S. Christoval, Ezatlun, Guijolotitlan, Huamelula, Cuicco de la Laguna, Guimeo,, Guanaj'iato, San Livis de Potosi, San Luis de la Paz, Mara"atio, Alraldiai Ifiiajuapan, llnicliiapan, llucintla, (iucjo(zinco, Ixlcpexi, Ixtlalmaca, Izucar, ixmiquilpan, Jnstiahuac, S.Juandelos Llanos, I/crma, Mexilcaltzinco, Miahuatlan, Metepec, Malinalco, Mextitlan, Ncxapa, Nochiztlan, Nuevo Santander, Oaxaca, Orizava, Otumba, Papantla, Quatro Villas, Maj/ores. Qnanlla Amilpas*, Qimuliilan, Qucifitaro, 'I'crnastclpec, Tc])eaca, Toci.li, Tchuacan de las (rraiiadas. Tcutitlan, Tenlila, Tclmantepec, Tcocuilco, Tcpozcolnla, Tepexi de la Scda, Tacuba, Toluca, Tenango del Vallc, Telcla del Uio, 1 axco, Tixda, Tocliimilco, Tula, Tetep.'ingo, Tehusitlan, Tabasco. Tampico, Tulinzinco, 'J'ctfla Xonotla, Tezcuco, Tcotiliuacan, TIaxcala, Tuxtla, TIapa, Villalta, Valiadolid, Valles, Xalapa, Xucliimilco, Xicayan, Yaliualica, Zacualpan, Zapotlan, Zumpango, Zimapan, Zacatlan delas Man- zanas, Zempoala, Zimatlau. Kingdom of Mechoacan, Alcaldios May ores. San Miguel el Gunde, Zclaya, Tancitaro, Pasquaro, Tlasasalca, TIalpujngua, Villa de Leon, Xiquilpa, Cliaco, Guadalcazar, Jaso y Tereuiendo, Chilchota, Anink, Autlan, Kingdom of Nueva G'alicia. Akaldias Majjores. Ciiiadalaxara, Tala, Zayula, Zacatecas, Zamora, Cinaque, Mofines, Tinguindin, Xiquilpa, Zacatula. Tepic, Sentipac, ^m^-.mik. # 'reqiicpcxpa, 'I'oiioli'i, Oslolipaqiiillo, Aiialco, M!i/;i|)il, \i',ini'' t ':illt'iil('s, Xala, ( *'X ) Ciixiliflnn, 'rifijoimiico, /a|)()tlnM, I/ailiiii, (iuaiicliitiango, Piirificacioii, Ovilolipac, Coinpostela, Acaponnta, Nnyarith, Uarcn, Tfcpatitlan, Jjaifos, Ciupiio, Toenail iclii, Jucliipila, Colollaii, >k erc'Z, Frcsfiillo, Ibaria, Sierra tie Pinos, Cliarcas. I CAPTAINSHIP.{TRi\EllAL OF TJIE ISLAND OF CUCA. Governments. ^^^^, Florida, Louisiana. la, Man- GENERAL TABLE OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS AND GOVERNMENTS IN NORTH AMERICJ AND THE WEST INDIES. viz. BRITISH DOMINIONS IN NORTH AMERICA. Hudson's Bay, under N.S.W'aics^i Nova Scotia, the via>'n:cme)il of East Main, ^ ;;/;5e«/e(/. New Brunswick, the Jliidson's Bay Labrador, J Lower Canada, the government of Loner Canada. 'j'«y l.abrador, > Lower Canada, St. Jolin'.s, inidtr the (ompaniy. Newfoundland, Upper Canada, go-arnment of Nova Capo Briton, under Scotia, BRITISH DOMINIONS I.N THE WEST INDIES. Ciorernmen/s. Jamaica, Island, Baliania Islands, Barbadoos, Island, Triniilad, Island, Leeward Islands, For the enumeration of the islands comprised in these governments, see article Antilles. Islands and Territories conquered in the present War. Martinique, Cuia^oa, Surinam, Ouadaloupc, St. Eustatius, Demerara, '^^•i^ucie, Santa Cruz, ' Essequibo. Conquered by the Portuguese and Britisfi. Cayenne. ■■ ( " ) \\ f PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS. BRAZIL is divided into the following fourteen Provinces or Captain.sliips : Riojaneyro, Para tj, Toclos Santos, Maranan, ^S, ^..uro s ''T'" ''•"' "''>'' Paraiba, llanul' Jcr ' l*';"Kunl>uco, Rio Grande-^ 4 I INDEPENDENT. The Island of Ilayti or St. Uoinim'.). GENERAL TABLE OK THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH AMERICA, OR THE UNITED STATES, AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS. Virginia, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maine, Orleans, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Maryland, Connecticut, Tennessee, West, 'J'enncssee, East, Georgia, New Jersey, Ohio, TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS. Indiana, Columbia, Louisiana, Illinois, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Delaware. Michigan. The Russians have formed some settlements upon a part of the«.... coast ot America, lying w. and «. of Cook's Inlet. > '4 THE nEOGRApriiCAr and htstoricat. DICTIO NARY OF * AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. ast ABA [ AaRONSBURGH lies at the head of Penn's Crock, Nortliumborland county, Pennsylvania; about 30 miles w. iiorn Lewisbursfli, and 40 w. by n. from Suubury. Lat. 40'' 52' 30" w. Lone. 77" 31' 30^ a-.] ^ ABACACTIS, or Auacaris, a settlement of Indians, of this name, in 'lie province of the Ama- zonas, and in the part or territory possessed by (he Portuguese. It is a reduccion of (he religious order of the Carmelites of this nation, situate on the sliores of a lake of the same name. It lies between this lake and a river, which is also so called, and whicli is a large arm of the Madeira, ■wliicli, passing (hroiiojli this territory, afterwards returns (o (hat from whence it flowed, forminc the island of Toi)iiianibcs, [ABA CO, one of the largest and most northern r \, ,.,'"?. 'sl'""'s situate upon (he s. e. end of (he Little Bahama bank. The Hole in (he Kock, or (as it is most commonly called) (he Jlolc in the Wall, is the most southern point of t le island, and bears about 18 leagues north from he island of New Providence, about 9 or 10 leagues in a n. w. direction from Effs Island and about 10 or 12 in a n. e. direction from ( le Berry islands. About 10 leagues (he >,. .f the Hole m the Wall, on the c. side o. (he islano IS l.i(( c Harbour, the cn(rancc (o which is be-' tween (he main land oi' Abaco and Ledyard's Key, VOL. I. J J) ABA and wi(hin which (here is good anchorage. There is also an anchorage to the w. of the Hole in the Wall. The island of Abaco is at present uninhabited. In 1788 it contained about 50 settlers and 200 Negroes. The lands granted by the crown, pre- vious (o May 1803, amounted to 14,058 acres, for the purpose of cultivation ; but the settlers who occupied it have since removed. It contains great quantities of the various kinds of woods which are common to almost all the Bahama islands. To the northward of Abi.:o, is a long chain of small islands or keys, (including Elbow Key, Man of War Key, Great Guana Key, the Gala- pagos, " - " — '• • -■ - almost stream ; fends, of the 22' M. &c. &c.) reaching, in a w. w. direction, to the Matanilla reefs on the Florida from whence the Little Bahama bank ex- in a southerly direction, (o (he west point island of (he Grand Bahama. rLa(. 26" Long. 77° 14'ffl. See Bahamas.] [ABACOOCHE, or Coosi:k, alarge river, ris- ing in (he 5. w. territory, passing into Georgia, through the Cherokee into the Creek country, where it unites with (he Oakfuskee, awl forms (he Alibama.] ABACQUA, a scWlement of the province and government of Buenos Ayres, situate on (he shore of (he river Parana, near the spot where it cn(ers the Paraguay, to the e. of (he city of Corrientes. It ABA A n E ARACr, a point of land on tbc «, coast of the island ol' St, l)oiuiii«;inninjr nt the parish of Santa Ana of that city), and on the ic, by the province of Andahiiailiis ; n. hy that of Calcaylares, form- ing, in this part, an extended chain of snow-covered mountains ; s. hy the provinces of Cotabainba and Aimaraez; s.w. by (Jhilques and Masques. \i extends 2fi leagues froiu e, to tc. and is 14 broad. Its most considerable river is the Apuriniac, which is separated from it ..t the n. Zi\ and bends its course, united with other streams, towards the mountains of the Andes. This river is crossed by a wooden bridge of 80 yards long and 3 broacf, which is in the high road from Lima to Cuzco, and other provinces of the sierra. The toll collected here is lour rials of silver for every load of goods of the produce of the country, and twelve for those of the produce of Europe. The temperature of this province is mild, and for the most part salu- brious, with the exception of a few vallies, where, on account of the excessive heat and humidity, tertian agues are not uncommon. It produces wheat, maize, and other grain in great abundance, and its breed of horned cattle is by no means in- considerable ; but its principal production is sugar, which they refine so well, that it may chal- lenge the finest European sugars for whiteness : this is carried for sale to Cuzco and other pro- vinces, and is held in great estimation. It also produces hemp, cloth manufactures of the coun- try ; and in its territories mines of silver are not wanting, especially in the mountain which they call Jalcanta, although the natives avail them- selves not of the advantages so liberally held out to them. Its jurisdiction comprehends 17 settle- ments. Therfn«r;e, nnd with tlieotlierna- tiouf. are in alliance n|i;aiii»t the Imqiiees. Ai'KIU'OHN, a toNUi of the province nnd cc lony of New (I'eorffia, on the shore of the river Savannah, near where it entem the sen, ""•! at a leairue's