IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET {MT.3) 
 
 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 LO 
 
 2A 
 
 I.I 
 
 1^ |2.'J 
 lit 
 
 1.8 
 
 LM III u IM 
 
 6" 
 
 V] 
 
 <^ 
 
 /a 
 
 %1% 
 
 r^^ 
 
 X' 
 
 C*. 
 
 <y 
 
 > 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 /A 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 \\ 
 
 V 
 
 
 6^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^Sciences 
 Loiporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN SfREET 
 
 WiSBSTER.NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 :% 
 
 '^ 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHIVI/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 n 
 
wmmmmm 
 
 Ttchnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas 
 
 The In8titu:a has attamptad to obtain tha bast 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 m 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 Colournd covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 Covers damaged/ 
 Couverture endommag^a 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 CouvBiture restaurAe et/ou pelliculAe 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes g^ographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 Coloured plaies and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli^ avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge int^rieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut qua certaines pages blanches ajout^es 
 lors dune restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cele dtait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6t6 fiimdes. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Cornmentaires suppl6mentaires: 
 
 L'Instltut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'll lul a AtA possible de se procurer. Les details 
 da cat exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image raprndulte, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la m«thode normale de filmage 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 □ Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ 
 
 0^ 
 
 Pages endommagdcs 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restauries et/ou pellicul^es 
 
 r^;:;K Pages discoloured, stained or foxea/ 
 I — I Pages d^colordes, tachetdes ou piqu^es 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 Pages dutach^es 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transpaience 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quality indgale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materia 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seiile Edition disponible 
 
 r/7] Showthrough/ 
 
 pn Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I I Only edition available/ 
 
 □ Pages wholly or partially v-ibscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc, have been refilmed to 
 ensure the bes^ possible <mage/ 
 Las pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscuicies par un feui'let d errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont dtd filmdes d nouveau de fapon i 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 y 
 
 24X 
 
 2bX 
 
 32X 
 
The copv filmed here has been reprodMced thanks 
 to the generosity of ; 
 
 Library of the Public 
 Archives of Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quajlty 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning wii:h the front cover and ending on 
 the last pagd with *i printed or illustrated Impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies bre filmed beginning or the 
 first page with a pribited or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with b printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol — «» {meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratiob. Those too large to be 
 entirely included In one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand cornur, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frnmes ar 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit giice * la 
 g*n«roslt« de: 
 
 La bibllotliAque des Archives 
 publiques du Canada 
 
 Les images sulvantes ont At* reproduites avec le 
 p us grand s.iin, compte tenu de h condition et 
 de la nettet« da l'exemplaire film*, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du cont»«t de 
 filmege. 
 
 Les exemplalres origlnaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est ImprimAe sont filmis ei^ commen^ant 
 par le premier plat et en teirirlnant scit par la 
 derhlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'Impression ou d'illustration, solt par le second 
 plat, selon le cs* Toue las autre^ examplaires 
 origlnaux sont finriAs en commenpant par la 
 premliire page qui comporto ime empreinte 
 d'Impression ou d'illustration ot en terminant par 
 la derniire page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 dernlAre Image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUiVRE ". le 
 symbols y signifie ' F!N ". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 fllm*s A des taux de reduction diff«rents. 
 Lorsque lo document est trop grand pour dtre 
 reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est film* A partir 
 de I'angia sup*rieur gauch-j, de gauche * droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcussa're. Les diagrammes suivants 
 iliustrent la m*thode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 T 2 3 
 
 4 5 6 
 
I 
 
 I: 
 
 I <«-■?■, 
 
 J^ 
 
 
 ^5!^-- 
 
 ' Li^^- 
 
 1 
 
 in t \J 
 
 
 
 
 
 . ^ 
 
 r- 
 
 ;l_ 
 
 _,-. A- 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ^ , -^1^ 
 
/ -s 
 
 n V \ \ s ]•: ! ) K I ) J 1 1 N . 
 
 M.mTT^€MW^M. 
 
 A:U) tub — 
 
 «» im rj 4Kit». ■* » Tltir »y.. :»v •.•*i 
 
 eoitosries. 
 
 ^-r^.. ^^ ■*.3"'^ "f-T^^r ^.^ ^- ■- ^"^^ 
 
 
 "-It * if' - Mi I 
 ''' '-■' ,■* ■ . V * ,■» • i 
 
 
 ■Jf:F. 
 
 ■- 1/ , 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dl^MlNFON i.WD OJ-l-JCE. WlNKJl'KU. 
 
 ■I 
 
 iijE rii:al 
 
 ■>/ :'; 
 
 '■'5 
 
 NOKllJWLBT 
 
 ' f'-fi' 
 
 •■jV» <.-- V«i**'V>* 
 
 
 in- THf>MAM DOWHB. ESQ,. 
 
 ':#^^ 
 
 
 - (' 
 
 'V'-.'h'' 
 
TMi 
 it hat p< 
 
 Oovmimr 
 VnUtl St 
 th* in/orti 
 
 Ixxm-imi 
 
 ianlti 
 
 TtrrI 
 
 Unel 
 
 Onruiuu< 
 
 Awinebo 
 
 minioii 
 
 ■orC» 
 
 Exeei 
 
 O^tflO 
 
 Keewatin, a 
 Uinu^ala— 
 
 %;»«!« 
 
 Srn—Or 
 
 Iron— 
 
 Oree/i 
 
 otter 
 
RKVISKI) KDITION. 
 
 ANITOBA 
 
 AND THE 
 
 JJV TlloMAH DoWHK, EbQ., OF 8t. PaIIL, MiNNrtHoTA, U. 8. 
 
 TtUt artiit originally app*a\ d eomii<«(« in th* oolumnt <f tht Oai(iAOc< ComtaBUIAL Auvbiitiiiick, al iUQVti 90lh, ItTT, •(««!< uikirh timi 
 it >l<i<i tnuttdff'rough nint tdltUmi, th*y having htmi ii»u«it on lUftrmtt ortUrt /or th» DomiMott Oov*mtiunt of CamuUt, Iks l^tni n aiml 
 (lirtirrtimimt ojma'*i'"^i: th* Hly O nvi nun- nl of Winniiiry and ntvtral mUiioHM lor Ihiprineipal C<mad4on antl SiirthuinUrti raUuiay4 •'] <lM 
 Vnttd Ma'** Inn I* iiiuitig thi* itfitit I llh ttUlinn, miidmniied to dot*, both in matttr an4 tncrmttliai, th* writer iln«* it with th* with thai 
 th* informant ""^ truth/ul fiutt, ^<ri»H givf.: muy guid* many Ihoutavil* mor» to havyy hnmti and aid lh*m in utt<iinttui that grmndmt m r Oly 
 boon ifuUpfM"' "'/-""^''''MP* "* '^^ gritt,l>*auti/ut,/trtil*andmigifl-^t!Ut N»wNorlhiwmt,—Atimo»,Ut I'liul, A|>rll I, lf*7V, 
 
 ianitoli and liit Northwest 
 
 Ttrrltiry, tilt Only Section 
 
 Unetir the BrItUh Flag 
 
 Oilring Free Prairie 
 
 Hmes and Earldems 
 
 A Her Stthjeets. 
 
 M»M»i When Properlj Enlarged, a 
 
 Marfne FroTlnr(>, b; lliidNnnii Bay 
 
 th/lAUiAaN Loulwlana, In tlift IJnl* 
 
 M HlatcH, In bj tho ( Juirof Mes- 
 
 -Fractleal F«ctitT*iereoa 
 
 W«iUi7 of Aneitiou. 
 
 0«^ *hm^ mw Vareiag BMicraliaa 
 • -I<Bb«r-HaTiii| ITlBChliitiry, Ei«w 
 !•• •€ lalercal, ITIaaafactaraat 
 h*lttaMl« Denlera, Ac, Tli«a« 
 Caaaea Applicable la Batb tka 
 Vaited •la(es, Orral Brilaia 
 •■4 Barape Ocaarallf. 
 
 BEU.HDBTEWEST--GAN1DA 
 
 I Htotorioal Itsma-Iariy MUtory mt «•• 
 
 Nutfaan Bay Oe., Nnrthwaat 0»; 
 
 RMMrf a Laml, Sllklrk'a 
 
 •atMaRtanf, Bta. 
 
 OrfaalnUoB of the Prorlace— ConncU af 
 AMinebola, Dominion Senators, Do- 
 minion HonMof Commnna, <ilOTer* 
 nor Caaehon, Loca' LeglRlatare^ 
 Exeentlre Conucii, Etc., Ete. 
 
 0|¥I0 OROAHIZATION. 
 
 KeewaU^, a Region of Lakes, Foreata and 
 
 Min^ala— The Northwest Territory— A 
 
 im*»n of Perfection— The Lana of 
 
 itggniftetnt PmirieaandOreatRiv- 
 
 mn— Great Coal tHtlda—Gold and 
 
 Xron— Indian Titiea—CliiAatie 
 
 Oreenlandic Current— Ola- 
 
 eiercal Deluge— Japaneat 
 
 8tream, Etc., Ete. 
 
 
 ftangglmn Perm of Oovarnmant— formation— 
 T^^a of Offloo— Manitoba, Ha Taposraphy, 
 I, Lakas and Mountalna— Oawaen 
 -Wood and Watar auppty-aail, 
 loduetlone,Mlxad Farming— Baerat el 
 J ji^ucoaeaful Huabandry— Slock Rata- 
 ' lac, Hailvo Oattia and HorMa— 
 ^ araal Human Kaperlmaal 
 
 •altlomaat-Tke MaaBoaltM-Tlia lMlaa4«n-' 
 
 Th* Urast RaMrTM-UalfBrMdf-PopaU- 
 
 tloa--NaTlgatioi-TclrKniph-R«d 
 
 Ultor Ymt, Bto. 
 
 OMADUN PACIFIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Department Ollleea of the Dominion (}ot< 
 
 ernmi^nt -R* jcItit (Jenfnil, SnTlnira 
 
 Bank, Aadi< , rjiitoniii, i^tnd UIHoe, 
 
 Pott Offlee, Baiineia, SUIT, Ete. 
 
 FooliihBMi of th« In^liih Ttnank rainm 
 
 Paying Thru to Bight Poandi ($15 to $40) 
 
 P«r Aort Annjtl L»nd R«ot. wlt«n Pres 
 
 Farmi, two Milti Anand, art Madt 
 
 a Pnt Gift to Aetaal Stttltn 
 
 in Oanadiaa N^rtliwMi 
 
 ECCLESIASTIC AID EDUCATIOSAL 
 
 Oatholie and Prottitant—St. Bonifae*, 81. Johm't 
 
 OfW Manitoba Colltg'i-VniwriUy of Man- 
 
 t oba—Oatho'.ie Church of England, Prtt- 
 
 byttrian and M*lhoditt Chureh**— 
 
 Tlnir Work ami Mittion. «(«. 
 
 CITY OF WINNIPECf. 
 
 Her Mercantile DeTPlopment, 
 
 city aor«rBiaeBt~Pablic BalldiBM—fltArM, Bat 
 
 Idearc*, Rt«— I'he Ureat Trade CcaUr— Tha Fo- 
 
 eal Polat ofThla Ureal Naetlon— The Com- 
 
 lag C'hlraRO of the Northweit— ifataa 
 
 •r Har IIaaBnieti.r«ra, Baila*** 
 
 ■aa. Etc., KU—NaUral 
 
 Cjaelaaloai. 
 
 [To which is added the Bpxkoh or His 
 ExoKiiiiKMOT, I<:;iU> Duffbrin, Latq 
 
 OOTBBMOB OBNEBAI, OF CANADA, given 
 
 at Wtnnipegr, Manitoba, Sept, 29th, 1877.] 
 Trusting that a better knowledge 
 of our neighboring government, which 
 eztendB entirely across the contlnrnt to 
 the north of us and which occupies an 
 area larger than our own, will beget a 
 better understanding, a better acquain- 
 tance, a better frlendekip and a fuller 
 sympathy in the hearts of the Adteb- 
 TiBBB's many thousand readers in the 
 Btates— especially as they are heart and 
 hand with us in extending civilization 
 and good Oovernment — I make bold to 
 quote a portion of an article entitled 
 "The first Decade of the Dominion," 
 published in the Manitoba Free Preaa 
 of July 7th. 
 
 On the History of Canada ati a Whole. 
 
 "Cannda wm first disrovered tu 14«7 by Seb^is- 
 Ian Cahot ; but ilie fir>t Sfttlemcnt niacin by 
 Eiiropfans was In IWS, .it Port Ko>;il, Aoadia 
 (now AniiapoUt, Nova Scofa). In 1808 a pernia- 
 n-nt sellliMiir'nt was niiwle by CliauipUlu upon 
 ilif piC'X'nt sitfl of Quebec. Canada tlinn being 
 called new Kianot* ; and tJie imid&o! loliinlznllon 
 AHs seinl-reiitili'US. Betwern 1614 and 1~IZ 
 AcMlia was several times takes by tlia nritisb 
 
 and i^aln reatnn'd t« Kranee, but In iha iMt 
 niinird year It Hnally becanin a britbh uoaaei- 
 slon, toKntlntr »lth Nnwroundlaiid. Tfie Oitt 
 
 I.«Kl-<laliiM' uf Nova Ncotia niMi In I7RM. in tho 
 fiilldwInK .v*t»r the lllu.sliloii!) W(i!/h o ptiirad 
 tjiiHlMK', and lh« country wa<t thru (or a ouartar 
 01 acnnlury Kovrrupd by nilllmry rul. . In 17T4 
 a LcKlllailvu 4 oiuu'll, ciinnlntliiK of Iwanljr- 
 tlirtte ineinbern, wan anpolntnil u> acmit tlin (lor- 
 ernor. vfiertlir rnvoUofthn Anioilunn culonlet 
 now III inK thti IJnltfril Htaim, an army of reb- 
 uls Inv .Mlllle country, lint rccnivrd h clm^k at 
 Quebec, where Moutuoinfry fell ni ITVS In ITM 
 tliR prerent llinllsof New HruiuiHlck went dltld- 
 ed fiom tijost- of Nova Hcotia an<l orrclrd into a 
 ifpiuatM I'rovliice by a special confliiiutioital 
 charier, the adinlnlntratluu oi which was coo- 
 fldfd to Ouveinor < ■rinlon. In 1701 Qut bwo wat 
 divided Into two riovlncrs. nni) art'iirrHintallTe 
 
 ?;ii crnnient IntiiKliH'i-d, an event whlih. Iliougb 
 ar lioni nathlyliiK the Kiench I aiiadlitii party, 
 wax iiereithcleNi a ^tep In (hat dlr^cilmi. Th* 
 llrHt Lefdalature of lA>wer ( anada met In ITtI, 
 thatof Upper Canada In iron. Ik. 181'.^ Kn^land 
 had another »«i mIDi the liulted but«», but at 
 Ita alone Canada >tlll remained In oloie aunexa- 
 tlon with tbo Mother Country. 
 
 We now C'linn to the Int^-rmediate period of 
 Canada') history. In IXfi a project for ivuuiiloc 
 I'pprr a<id l..ower Canada wan stalled. At- 
 ! iiipta were inude lo render the ao vtii> rs of tbe 
 (><ivernors responslh:!' to the popular branch of 
 the legislature, aial the Ketvvrm party HKtlated 
 untiringly to ailaln tbdrend. In ittitr ihe ex- 
 clteineut produced by the strugiil*' ciilndnatad 
 Inouen vIolenccaiidsevoralenKagenienis entued 
 between the In. urgen's and the loyallais. Three 
 years later tran.iuillly was restoreo, the two 
 Canadas behiK united In IMU, tiy an Imperial 
 Aci, under uiie aiiinlnlstrathm, reapunslble gov- 
 ernment bring dednltely eslHbll-ned In 1841. 
 Ilieiu were then a l.eglsiallre Conncil, to whtck 
 the elective principle was applied, a l^eglslatlve 
 Awtembly composed of 130 meniboa. being Ml 
 from each section of the Province, a Cabioet 
 resiioosible to the l.oglslature, and atlovemor- 
 Uen ral appointed by the Queen. 1 he flrst nul- 
 led Parliament met at Klminton In June, 1841, 
 but 111 1844 tlie Oovernment leinoveo to Montreal. 
 In 1840, however, the Parliament buildings there 
 were drstroyed by a mob and the seal of gov- 
 ernmeDi was ao^irdlngly rrmo>ed lo Toronto. 
 Then was made the arrangement under whlcb 
 the sessions of Pariisment were to be held for 
 four years alternately in Toronio and Quebec 
 tills systeai being ;ound veiy Inconvenient, 
 Parlianient resolv. d on a pernianoiit xile; but, 
 being unable lo agree as to its location, the seleo- 
 Uoii waa I'ft to tne v.|uten, and her MaJecty la 
 1858 fixed upon Ottawa, furmeily known aa By- 
 town. 
 
 About this time party govrrmnejit became 
 well nlgb i:npo,HSlble. In the wiccetwlve elec- 
 tions which had l)een held during ihe preceding 
 years, the hostile majority (rum other Provinces 
 ID Parliament had increased rattier thui dimln- 
 Ulied. In lliti4 the feeling ( f antagonisni came 
 to a crisis, but the outcome of this situation was 
 the downing of an aiiogether brigiiter eia. Aa a 
 reiutrdy for the exisiiUK didlcuities the Keform 
 lea<#ers made overturee vu Hir John Mac Donald, 
 Kugg^-eilng tiie adoption of a f>-deiHti%e system, 
 Tlie&e overtures weie cordially received, and a 
 Coalition (ioveinment was formed, pledged to 
 the intioduciian ol such a scheme, iiy a fortu- 
 uste coln('id;-nce, within a month sfttriheTor- 
 mation of this Ministry, a conference was be- 
 ing arranged at ( barlotteiown lo diaci>ss the ex- 
 pediency uf a union ol the Provinces of Nova 
 Bcolii., New Itninswlck, aud Priiice Edward Isl- 
 and under a single government 4i<d leKlslaure. 
 The Canadlau tiovcinnieni asked peiin^sii n to 
 send delegalts. Their reque.t was giai ted, and 
 tbey duly met the Mai itiine delegates. Tlie con- 
 ference fiad met lo discuss a leKislallve union— a 
 question vkith wIiIl^ liie Canadian neiegatt-s had 
 no authority to deal. The proiH)»!>l lo unite the 
 Maiilli.ie IVovincea wao looked op,Mi hs imprac- 
 ticable ; but the delegates were unaniinous y ot 
 opinion that a union on a larger basts inlgbt be 
 tffecied. On the proposition ol the Canadian 
 delegates a funherc unlcrence «as iui>ed on to 
 consider the possibility of accoinplishlii,! a led- 
 eial union. It met at Quebec on the appointed 
 d.iy, and alter a 9^sslon of eighiten days Ihe 
 aolieme of Confederation was plrtced befo/e the 
 public. Af.or Htlme l«, was duly aoc-pt. d suc- 
 cessively by the leuislatures ol NovIa Hcutia, 
 A«w(oundland and Prince Edward Island. Del- 
 
ViEW OF WINNIPEO, MANITOBA, BPRINO OF 1871. 8m Pagt 26. 
 
 •gUM W(tn nrxt Mi.t to RnRland, thn Union 
 Aot WM niibmlttml to tbn liniHirlal Varll»nient. 
 pMRml that ho<ly on 'hn Wtli of Mnrnh, IHA7, ami 
 on tlin IT't'l iif Mnv llt-r Mitjeitty'f. prooliuimlUin 
 wiM Iwiiitid that tliii iHimlnlon o; Canada 8hould 
 oonid Into uxlntonre on tlin Int of July, IMn. By 
 thi) (i>rniN of tliu Act. old (Canada was dl»ldn<l 
 Into tlm two Provinces of Ontario and Quobtto 
 for lh« i""T<"<'i' of local l<^t«llltlon in ISTOthU 
 (iovt^riinixnt of tt n Diiinlnlon nan «xt<«ndrd ovpr 
 thft NorUiw*""! TiTrltortfs, out of which the 
 Provlnc<*nt Manltolm WKA <*rect«d : InlHTl, orrr 
 HHtlRh Columbia : and In IH7H ovur I'rlnOQ Kd- 
 ward Island. Nxwfoiiiidl.'ind still choosen to re- 
 main out In Iho cold for the prmunt. but tbo tpii 
 denny of HTents Is d«cli.,Mlly In favor of lier 
 ibortly oomlnu Into the confmlcracv, for the 
 Tcxnd ((uention of thn treaty rlKhts of th« Kntnch 
 In respect of the HshTles and several otter rea- 
 «ons point to thn coi,iuniinaMuu u( tbla poller at 
 no distant date." 
 
 As ezprcjalag much more tersely 
 aad clearly than I rau, tbe 
 
 OBSAT XXTBNT 
 
 of the terrltorv or this government to 
 the north of tho Uni*')d States, I take 
 the following from Mr. Oraut'a valu- 
 able work, "Ocean to Ocean :" Travel a 
 thousand miles up a great river; more 
 than another thousand alt'ii; great 
 lakes and a sucjession of srr aller lakes; 
 a thousand miles across rolllufcnrairies, 
 and another thousand through woods 
 and over mountains, and you havp 
 traveled from ocean to ocean through 
 Canada. And this country' is a single 
 colony of the British Empire; and this 
 colony la to day dreaming magniflcent 
 dreams of a future when it shall be the 
 "Greater Britain," and the highway, 
 across which the fabrics and products 
 of Asia shall be carried to the eaitern 
 as well as the western side of tb# At- 
 lantic " 
 
 THE HISTOBIOAL PART 
 
 of these middle two thousand miles 
 commenced with the orgaiiization of 
 the Hudscn Bay Co., In 1670, during the 
 reign of Charles XI., to trafllj on the 
 shores of Hudson's Bay and the streams 
 flowing therein, in asection then called 
 Rupert's Land, In honor of Prince Ku- 
 pert, a brother, I think, of the king. 
 
 THEIR CHARTER, 
 
 as was tbe custom of those days, was 
 exclu&ive, really giving them tnta ter- 
 ritory in vaoaaiage to the Crown, with 
 rights to make Taws and carry on a 
 form of government, of cour.w to be 
 approved by the Crown, and the con- 
 trol of any trade therein— a» least they 
 have claimed this, and so acted, which 
 fcction has at least been tacitly admit- 
 
 te<i by the Imperial Government. For 
 nearly one hundreii and flfty veara 
 they oont1ne<l themselvee to the shores 
 of that bay, not pushing their trading 
 ptats into the interior, or at least not 
 into the Red or H&skatchewau vullfys, 
 oi what is now known as the 
 
 NORTHWiDST TERRITORY AND RRITIEH 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 Varennea de la Veraudrye, with an 
 expedition fitted out by himself in 
 Lower Canada, in 1784, came up the 
 Ht. Lawrence and the lakes to Thunder 
 Bay, on the north shore of I^ake Hupe- 
 rlor, and from there by the rivers ami 
 lakes of what is now known as the 
 "Dawson Route," to tied river. He 
 landed liore, and on the south bank of 
 the AHHlnneboin, built a fort at the 
 pointof its Juncture with the l{e<i River 
 nearly opposite the present Fort Garry, 
 which is ou tbe north k>ank of the 
 Aasinneholn. lie called this post Fort 
 la Eougo, and it was doubtless the 
 name of this Red Fort on its binks, 
 that In early days gave the name of 
 Red River to a stream whos^ waters 
 and clay subsoil of its banks are most 
 decidedly whitish. (For further ex- 
 plorations of De la Veraudrye, see 
 notes on 8t. Biniface, hereafter). 
 
 Following these flrst white men in 
 this valley, came others, until, as 
 early as 1762, Fort La Rouge was 
 known as an established trading post, 
 frequented by the Coureura da bota 
 from the French establish mert at 
 Mackinac, Lake Michigan, who cime 
 here to trade with the Omahas and 
 Assinneboins. Although by the Ver- 
 sailles treaty, In 1763, the French were 
 obliged to give up their North Ameri- 
 can possessions to England, they still, 
 with others then British subjects in 
 Montreal continued in increasing num- 
 bers, their trade in this section, coming 
 by their old original route, via Thunder 
 Bay, and also via Iia Polnte, on "^f?) •in- 
 line Island, near Bayfield, soul 
 of Lake Bjperior, and up past wli i is 
 now Duluth, to the head of St. Luu s 
 Bay at Fond du Lac, and so across 
 jolmug the Thunder Bay route on 
 Rainy River. These adventurers, how- 
 evt r- 'jelonging to iudlvldual enterprl 
 ses— pushing their trade north, came 
 in contact with the employes of the 
 Hudson Bav Company. 
 
 This condition of aflfkirs continued, I 
 the French cr Canadians, still in 
 
 creasing their tnule for some irenty 
 years, when these, until then, lillviu- 
 uul trader.4, -n the principal of thm, in 
 17ai, formed a p >werf\il oombii4ion, 
 called 
 
 rum KORTHWBST OOMPAin 
 
 Tbis was not a chartered but a pr«te 
 c irporatlon. They inoreasetl >ry 
 largely tlieir previous area of trader- 
 tending even through to the Pao^. 
 Their trailing l)oats loaded with go4g 
 or furs traverE<Hl the continent i 
 every direction thi. 'igh the connect 
 rivers and lakes fh)m Montreal to Pi 
 get's HoUMd on the Pacific. 
 
 Home Idea of tlie extent to which tbt 
 Northwest Company have pushed 
 their trude may be seen in the (act that 
 in lR4fi they had some sixty trading 
 posts in this region, ptlnclually in the 
 valleys of the Red Saskatchonan. 
 Athabasca, etc. This condition of 
 tr^de and occupancy of this aectloii. 
 continued undisputed, at least so far as 
 the Red River was concerned until 
 1811 when, at the solicitation of Lord 
 Uilklrk, one of the stockholders of thn 
 Hudson Bay Company, that company 
 laid claim to the exclusive Jurisdiction, 
 under their charter, over this immense 
 region and in 1812 they established 
 their first Fort and Trading post on 
 Red River near tbis place. Coming 
 thus Into so close daily competition tJie 
 siate of affairs went from bad to worse, 
 resulting in great injury t(j both com- 
 panies, and finally bloodshed. In one 
 of their aflVdys the commanding ofB- 
 eer of the H. B. Company was kllltxl. 
 The result of this regular battle brought 
 both companies to their senses, and 
 soon after in 1821 these two competi- 
 tors formed a coalUIon continuing un- 
 der the chartered name of the Hudson 
 Bay Company. The company so con- 
 solidated, ccntiniied In untiiftputed pos- 
 seHslon until 1866 when they sold tnelr 
 right to their exc! usive trade and Juris- 
 diction claimed under their old charter 
 over this entirei portion of British 
 America and British Columbia, receiv- 
 ing some $1,500,000 cadh.and one-twen- 
 tieth of the land with espec al reserva- 
 tures about some of their posts, fully 
 50,(X)0 acres. 
 
 8o this great Northwestern arcs, 
 hitherto known as Rupen's Land or 
 Hudson Bay Territory has really been 
 open to settlement, ocrupanoy and 
 
Rome irenty 
 then, lHlvld- 
 «l of than, In 
 oombtmon, 
 
 OMPANA 
 
 Jiut a pr«te 
 xeaMHl M 
 * of trHde^i. 
 I the Pao^. 
 k1 with grng 
 continent ) 
 he conneob 
 ^ntreal to P\ 
 
 to which tin 
 iBve pushed 
 I the feet that 
 ilxty trading 
 'ii)ally lu the 
 iHKatchonan. 
 condition of 
 til is section, 
 east 8o far as 
 [%med until 
 tlon of Lord 
 loUlenof tliR 
 lat company 
 juriwliction, 
 his immenfle 
 y establishetl 
 3lnf< jKMt on 
 e. Coming 
 ipetltiou tlie 
 )a(l to worse, 
 U) both coin- 
 iied. In one 
 nandlng offl- 
 
 was killcxi. 
 .ttie brought 
 Henses, and 
 vo competi- 
 itinuing un- 
 the Hudson 
 )any so con- 
 Isputed po8- 
 iy sold tneir 
 fe and Juris- 
 ■ old charter 
 
 of British 
 abia, recelv. 
 d one-twen- 
 c al reeerva- 
 
 I>osts, fully 
 
 stern area, 
 I'a Land or 
 I really been 
 ipancy and 
 
 EA8T SIDE MAIN STREET. LOOKING NOKTi: Hl'UINO 
 
 8te Page 26. 
 
 WEST SIDE MAIN STREET LOOKING NORTH. gPRING 1879. See Page 26. 
 
 f general trade onlv since 1871, as I be 
 ieve the t^rnas of relintiaishmeut were 
 not fully complete and made praciical 
 until that time. 
 
 THE 8ILKIRK SETTT.BMENT. 
 
 In 1805. Lord Cilkirk, a visionary but 
 k'nd hearte<l Scotchman and a mem- 
 ber of the 11. B. Company, penetrated 
 in his wanderings from the company's 
 forts on Hudson Bay, 8C far as the 
 valley of ) he Retl River. lie was so 
 charmeil with the country that he 
 conceived the idea of starting colonies 
 here. In 1811 be mcceeded In obtain- 
 ing a grant uf Uiud for that purpose, 
 from the H. H, Company along this 
 river, a d in the Autumn of 1812 he 
 reached here via Hudson Bay and 
 
 Lake Winnipeg with a small party of 
 Highland Scotchmen. They at once 
 commenced building, but were stopped 
 by the H. B. Company's competitors, 
 the Northw^t Comjany, were driven 
 away and obliged to spend the winter 
 in tents at Pembina, some 70 miles 
 south. The following spring they re- 
 turned and after putting in a crop, 
 which was maturing tlneiy, in Septem- 
 ber Wire again diiven to Pembina, 
 where they remaiutd the second win- 
 ter, returning again the next spting. 
 By September 1814 they numbereu 
 some two liuudred. They built hou es 
 and called their settlement Kildonan, 
 after their old Parish, in Scotl.ind. In 
 the spring of 1816. trouble again came 
 upon them. Their storehouses Wire 
 
 bvuken open and robbed; their Gover- 
 nor arrested and sent to Montreal; dis- 
 satlRfaction became so general, that un- 
 der the guidance of friendly Indians, 
 they started in June of that year for 
 Lake Winnipeg, intetdirg t j ret'irn in 
 Scotland; but meeting omcers of the 
 H. B. Company, t. ey were Induced to 
 return the following sprinsr, under the 
 I special care of timtcompany. In 1816 
 Lord Silkirk accompanied by more 
 emiKrauta r< ached the setllemrnt and 
 by lilp presence and prompt action In 
 arresting some of the aggressive North- 
 west Company's leaders and sending 
 them to Montreal, r< stored the colony 
 to pFaoe. The next year he returned to 
 Scotland, but the crors of that year 
 were insufficient and they were obliged 
 
w 
 
 ta hant BaflMo i<> tr>'i ihrough Uia 
 wtnUr. lo IHtN «ti<l IHhi tlmtr on)|ai 
 1*«r« ba«lly cUiii>KiMi hy griMMhappcni 
 (Ui«lr flnii vUlUtton h«n>) kimI In th« 
 Wtntar <>r 'Hltt »ihI IH-i(), • iMurtjr wm 
 ohJiKtHi l<) K<> •»> Kiiow iitKMt* Ui tb«iM*r- 
 •at Mttlt'inaiit, •rriiaa Mliiiioaote tii 
 Pralrlw iln CliUii on ll'«i Mlaalailpnl 
 rlvnr nearly Ui lt>« iiorUi llnaof Illlmiia 
 * ftill Ihonaantl inllMi, fi>r unmiB U> pJMtl 
 tliA I'oiiiliiK aprlng. Tliny oblKlnad 
 thrro MM'liltiKw Uuit IoimIm, »n<l on th« 
 IMh ot Ajirll, IH'M. aUrtad l)<>iu«tw»rla 
 up the MIiuiImiI|i|iI rtvar to Ilia naouth 
 Of tti«t Miiin<HH)tK rivitr, Jimt bIk)v« 
 Wham Ht. I'aul now la, up that rivar to 
 Big Htona I<»k«>. thtin MiroM* a •mall 
 pnrt*KM to Ii«k(< 'rrnv«n<>, tha aourm of 
 tlii< KmI Ulv«tr aii<l down thitt atrtftm, 
 raa4!hlng Peiubln* on tha M of Juati. 
 Tbia WM lh« iMM^nlDg of tha 
 
 (X>MMItH')a WITH THMITATM. 
 
 In tha fnilowing y««r, 1831, th« two 
 great tintllng Com |i«nl«« ■nialK)tmat«><l 
 aud peace at last came to tlio««* liitrdy 
 plooMn. I ' annot l«aru that Ihrfr 
 Dumbara ware much hutrraafd >iv any 
 •ufaaaquent <>tnlRrntloQ. A r«w Hwlaa 
 wat(;hmak<<r« came out In IHUI, liut by 
 I82A th«y had moxtly litfl for varioua 
 puliitH along the MImhIkmIpiiI Vallwy, In 
 the Ktatet). Hume o|>en<Ml frirnm on the 
 
 Brcaent alte of Ht. Paul and alao at Fort 
 nellInK, (ainw butit at the Junotureof 
 the Mhineaota with the MlHHlaAJnpl 
 river) then an unbroken wlUi, other 
 •atilemrnt not (M>mlnR lu there at all 
 until Bome 'M or '2/> yean after. The 
 aattlemeut alougthe Ked Itiver iiioreaa- 
 •d alowly, bv natural gro'-vth, by dla- 
 oharged and retiring PDinUiyea ok'tbe 
 two coDHolldated (>ompanl«ie, the com- 
 ing In of a few einlgranlH from the 
 Htatea and the aettllug alH>ul them of 
 ibe half breeda. 
 
 In 1891 'hiv. Uamaay, who than vla- 
 Ited th« iiettlement. found them bo 
 abundantly Humilied wl'i all the nro 
 ducta of tht Ir laburft, for which tney 
 had but a very limited market, that he 
 laported them on hia return to Ht. Paul 
 to ba " metaphorically b> lolherln^ In 
 Uielr own fat." Ho time poaaed un- 
 til the formation of the Canmlian Do- 
 minion In 1H(;7. and Ibe meaHureti to ex- 
 tiugumh the H. U. (Jomjmnv'a uxolu- 
 •Ive adminlHtrative and trauing privi- 
 legee in 18(18, began to turn attention 
 to this aeotlon. tiui It was not until- 
 1871 or 1872, that emigration )>ogan to 
 oomehere to any extent. 
 
 But lo reaume the hiatorioal, I would 
 any, that up to the extingulubnient o( 
 the H. B. Company'a tltl«, liupert'a 
 Laud was not a part of Canada, but be- 
 longed to the Imperial or Eufllah 
 Crown, under the H. U. Compaujl It 
 waa Hirquired by Canbda in \870, 
 by the arrungementa btfore 
 •poReo of; through an ngreeoMnt 
 with the H. B. Company releiAig 
 *aelr proprietary rlRht«abd by Itn>o- 
 /ial Leglalatlon in 180H uuthorieinglma 
 ■ame. By the termx previously named 
 the bargain between Canada andUbe 
 (1. B. Company with the Imperial 
 Governmeut, Canada made the cash 
 payment and the Imperial Qovern- 
 uent the neceegary legislation toseoure 
 the H. B. Company's title to the lands 
 as agreed, bv the approval of the 
 Crown. At tne time and previoua to 
 
 this tvansfer, there bad heea a kind of 
 /oocU government iu existence, organ- 
 ized over a smaller portion of Kuport's 
 Land than what Is now known as 
 Manitoba, which was known as the 
 
 COUNCIL OF ABHINEBOIA. 
 
 In 1869 the Uoverniut'ut uf Casada 
 tent Hon. William MoDougall oat to 
 
 Bovtim Ibis onunlry. aaaUtad to « 
 i (Viunnll, l>ut aoma or tha (taopt* oijaot- 
 i Ing, <iov. McDougall n«v«r diil^rrd tha 
 
 l*nivln«'a tiut retun d Hul)a«<|u*iiU7 
 
 In tha (^anailan l'i> lainont of INTO, a 
 i portion of Uui'ort'H i«nii waa araotial 
 I Into Mia Provliii't* of Maiilti>l>a, with a 
 
 Rapraawiitatlva form of (<ov«rnmant. 
 
 riiat year Hon. Adam (laorya AmhI- 
 , ImIiI waa ariit out aa lil«*iit. (lovcrnor 
 , of thn I'rtivlni^ of Manitoba and the 
 I Nortbwtiat TerrUorlea, l>rlng luaiiatad 
 ; In the govxriiineiit of the latter Tarrt- 
 ; torlea by an iwptiolai advlaiiry Council, 
 
 iiotnlnatfd fbr Uiat apiolal purpoaa by 
 ; the t|u««u. 
 
 TUa DOMUtlOM S^NATOMI 
 
 ! an tha Hon. Maro Amabia (Jlrarvl, a 
 i lawyer, a native of tha Provlnoa of 
 I tiuehau-tMiru In IH-i2,t«mehere In 1870, 
 ' baa held and very ao<'eptably 
 flllMl many of the Provincial 
 I and Territorial ofnoea, a ge.itle- 
 i n.An of very genial nature, and 
 I due tieraonal preaeniie- and Hon. John 
 Moutheriaud. Mr. Hoiitbarland ta 
 I a native of Manitoba. Like bis col- 
 j league h« haa held aeveral provincial 
 ; offlcea, and having Iweii Identlllatl with 
 I Manltotta f^>m the tint, hia aelbot- 
 lon Meems moat wise. Both were 
 i appolnttMl In 1871; 
 
 I The niemtiers for Manitoba In tha 
 : Dominion Hou«e of Commona, are the 
 Hoiiorables John (.'. HohultK, Do.iahl 
 A. Hmlth, Joii«iph Dubuo and Joaeph 
 Ilyan. The two flrat were electeil 
 at the flrat general eleiition iu the 
 Pni'-'noe In 1871, and have Imtb been 
 twict reelected. Mr. Kyan haaluat 
 been reelected and Mr. Dubiiu, late 
 apeaker of the Provincial Parltment, 
 la serving bla tlrat term. Mentally 
 they arH a Htrong delegation, a unit In 
 advocating the Intererts of Manitoba 
 and the North west, aud though they 
 are email In nunibera lu comparison 
 with the large delegatioiis In that iMidy 
 fmax some of the other Provinces, they 
 are untiring workers, and Maiiltoba'a 
 Influence in the House, is not by any 
 menus in proportion to the number of 
 her repreeenlatlvea. They are men 
 not uiil^ 'Miuiliur with the capacities 
 and wants of this section, but fully 
 comprehend its vast opportunities and 
 wouderlul future. 
 
 THK LOCAL LEQISLATUBK 
 
 originally conslfted of two branches. 
 The lieglslatlve Assembly ^elective) 
 of twenty- four memljers, and tne I^gia 
 lative Council (nominative) of seven 
 members. In 1876 the latter oouucii 
 was abolished. In 1872 Gov. Arr.hi- 
 bddd retired and wassuooeeded by Hon. 
 Alexander Morris (under whose ad- 
 ministration the Province became 
 thoroughly pacified and most of the 
 present seven Indian treaties were 
 made, by which the Indtun title to 
 Manitoba and most of the Northwest 
 territory waa peaoefuly and satisfact- 
 oraly extinguished and the Piovince 
 entered upon Its new life and develop- 
 ment) who was in December 1877, his 
 full term having expired, succeeded by 
 
 HON. LIBUT. COL. TOSEPn EDOVABD 
 OAUCMON, 
 
 who waa born in the city of Quebec In 
 lel6. A descendant of one of the old- 
 est families uf that Province, for many 
 years he was an editor of marked 
 ability and author of several standard 
 works. He has been in continuous 
 public life for nearly thirty years and 
 waa Dominion Minister of Internal 
 Bevenue and Piesident of tLe Queens 
 Privy Council fur the Domimou of 
 
 ' tiiiait ,\i tha ttna oibia ap|Hiluta«n( 
 Ills pitaant 
 
 ■xBiniTiva TooMcit 
 was foftnad In Januay, iH7tt. ft oon- 
 ilata of Ion. .lohn N*i|iia*, Pr«,mlar 
 ■nd ProMnolal traaaurr, lion. Jim*>vh 
 K'lval. M>nl*t«rori>iibh Works ' Hon 
 C. I'. Ilffcwn, I'rovlnui saoratary' 
 Hon. DM Walker. Atkrna. oenaraf 
 and Hon. I'lerra Deloruk, Mlulat^r of 
 AgrlcRltura. 
 
 HON. MM. noiuuy, 
 the Premier and Provloovl treaaurer 
 Is a tattva -if **^- - 
 was MlioAUd at 
 Itga, wkara ha 
 alilp, haa 
 etni 
 
 p, baa baan a mamtiartr 
 tiva oiiuDoll, with 
 
 tb« Province, 
 Ht. ohns (Nil- 
 took s<!holar- 
 Iha ex 
 »'"♦ •lortlnUr 
 
 mlaalon, aluoa Ita formatioi |j, m-ji 
 having alao held the |Mialtlo<,f mam- 
 lier of tha Uianl of health an Uiard of 
 education, alan mliilat«r of pc ,» works 
 and Uiard of agriculture. {« |g i^ 
 quiet, de<-ld«d man of a Rurally 
 atMug, active mind, wlilch la i«r kept 
 untier (Mint'ol and (Utded wltlr)«rfe«t 
 <M)olne>8. His reoeiil «l"vallo!ty ihe 
 Preuilership Is a inoal gradui ac- 
 knowledgement on the partof ei)«|y 
 c<iinern Ui the Province of th^nteg- 
 riiy, eneigy anil iibillty of oueNf tha 
 old reotdeuts, to the mautr bori 
 
 HON. MR. KOYAL, 
 
 Minister of Public Works, wai|>|'(v 
 vlnclal .Sairetarv and Attorney Vn- 
 erat in the lute DhvIs minlstiy. \fr. 
 Itoyal is from the Provtuoeof 
 Queliei!, waa calletl to the bar of I^^, 
 Canada In 1804, and of Manltohaln i]. 
 Am a lav/yer be haa lieeii eiigagedyi,' 
 I itdvocate in many notable and Tni|.. 
 I tant caaea. His univerttlty, and pare 
 I iilarly his legal e<lucalioii, wereobtat 
 I «d under uiiuaually favorable opport 
 I nlties. He was a prominent writer f< 
 I many years on the French (^anadia 
 ncwHoaper and iteriodhal preia, am 
 has niictl HU editorial chair almoat un- 
 interruptediv since 18^7, which haa so 
 <|ulckene<l ills perceptive faculties— 
 naturally great— that lie is enabled to 
 obtain aiul retain, that \,'.»c» of hlgb 
 (Wteem among liisaaH4M!late^anrt penple 
 ot the I'rovlnce, which Is always ac- 
 (M)r<'ed educate<l liitelle<!t. when guid((l 
 and Influenceil by tliat broa.l neas and 
 compreheiislveiieHH that enable its pofc- 
 sessor to overcome life's natuial. as 
 well UM active obstacles and vexations, 
 bringing out of the contest a mind, 
 "with malice towards note, with 
 charity for all." 
 
 HON. HK. RROWN, 
 
 the Provinoial secretary, descended 
 from an U. B. Loyalists famllv whl6h 
 settled In New Brunswick at ihe cloae 
 o' the Uevoluticuary War. He came 
 to this Piovince about seven ur eight 
 vears ago, and wai member of the 
 Provinoial LegislatlvH Assembly for 
 the past four years. Perhsps no per- 
 son is more familiar with the real 
 wants of this country than Mr. Brown, 
 whose duties befoie he entered Parlia- 
 ment as a Dominion Land Surveyor 
 (<ave him superior advantages in gain- 
 ing a perfect knowledge of a country 
 In whose development he Is now cal- 
 led to take so active a part. Before 
 entering the ministry, although but a 
 young man, he was the author of sev- 
 eral important measures, prominent 
 among lliem being a re-division of the 
 Province ir'o counties and based 
 thereon a general municipal law, to 
 the carrying out of which, in bis new 
 sphere be is applying himself most 
 energetically. Mr. Brown's sunding, 
 popularity and enterprise are fully re- 
 oognixed, he being the only miuialer 
 
 I— 
 
 /I 
 
I «i>iMiiutaMit( 
 
 "«7» It Ma- 
 '»•/. P«-«iaUr 
 , iiun. JoMph 
 Worki; I|„„. 
 •J Morotarf 
 »»•» (i«n«ral 
 S Miuiat.r of 
 
 «Uy, • 
 
 io\J trmuurer, 
 
 • I'roTlnoo, 
 
 ohni (3ol- 
 
 f ■olioUr- 
 
 ' * tort inUr- 
 
 »'"•'•> ••7>. 
 ■illo.,f in.ai 
 
 •'•M"M>«rUof 
 
 '>f Pi .0 wurka 
 
 '"••• !• !• • 
 
 ' » kturmlly 
 
 t'h •■ ««r kept 
 
 ■> wlt«|)«rfw!t 
 
 ^vmlofto the 
 
 of ou^ t;j« 
 10 r bori 
 
 Ah, 
 
 Vttorneyi,n- 
 ilnlttiy. ^r. 
 
 B >Mkr of Ia„ 
 inll<)l)«lu>| 
 III eiimMiv,' 
 »Ie«nd Tmiv. 
 Ity, and pari. 
 a, wereobUu 
 ralilu opport 
 i«iit wril«r ft 
 iioh (.'Hiiadia 
 al preiJi, aii< 
 air nlnxiHt un 
 . which haN h<> 
 ve faoultieit 
 111 euablMl to 
 p!«ce of liigh 
 
 .tniHIIil pitniiln 
 
 iff always a<- 
 
 , wheu ^jiuldf il 
 
 )roa.liieiMau(i 
 
 liable iU pm- 
 
 I natuial. a» 
 
 ml vexalloiiM, 
 
 ttwt a mlud, 
 
 Hon*, wlUi 
 
 VN, 
 
 y, deaoend«(l 
 amllv whit')! 
 k at the oloao 
 r. He came 
 ven or eight 
 (mb«r of the 
 isaembly for 
 laps no per- 
 rith the real 
 a Mr. Brown, 
 tered Parlla- 
 nd Surveyor 
 agea in gain- 
 }fa country 
 la now cal- 
 lart. Before 
 liough but a 
 tbor of sev- 
 1, prominent 
 vision of the 
 and baaed 
 ipal law, to 
 , In bis ;iew 
 niMlf most 
 I's standing, 
 are fully re- 
 nly minister 
 
 WKUT HIDK MAIN UTHBBT LOOKINQ HOIJTH. HPIllNU:i«». Sm j>ai/« 'i*i. 
 
 i.\r.i -.IDK MAIN STREET LOOKINO SOUTH. FALI. 1876. 
 
 of his party who was eleoted by Aoola- 
 matlon at the recent general election. 
 
 HON. UR. WALKER, 
 
 the Attorney General. Is a native of 
 Ontario, came to Manitoba with the 
 first H^d Uiversxpfldition in 1870, un- 
 der the ooinmand of Sir Garnet Wool- 
 Hfly, an fjteutenant in ^ht9 flrst Ontario 
 KiHoH. was called to the bar of Ontario 
 in 18et and to the bar of Manitoba in 
 lH7t. He was appointed Crown Coun- 
 sel for Manitoba in 1875 and conducted 
 the Oowu business in the Courts of 
 the Province from that time until his 
 acceptance of office in the present 
 government. That tlrst expedition, 
 seldom heard of because it was for- 
 tunately bloodless, made one of the 
 hardest marches In modem times, in 
 overcoming all the wild obtaoles cf 
 swamps, lakes, rivers and forests in 
 
 the 410 miles between Thnnder Bay, 
 Lake Superior and Winnlneg. The 
 
 firomlnent positions in which one flnds 
 ts former members all over the Pro- 
 vince, and especially in Winnipeg, 
 shows that they have within them the 
 stulT tha* heroes are made of. The ap- 
 pointment of Mr. Walker to one of the 
 highest provincial positions, not only 
 Is an additional proof of this, but must 
 be very pleasing to his old time com- 
 rades. 
 
 HON. MR. DELORUB, 
 
 Minister of Agriculture, is a native of 
 Manitoba, a gentleman welt known 
 throughout the Province, and the 
 largest native farmer in the Bed River 
 Vall>y. His fine farm and 7oomy 
 hospitable home 16 miles south of 
 Winnipeg, are ample proof that this 
 important government portfolio Is in 
 
 the hands of no theorist, bnt rather' 
 one whose whole life and works show 
 that he fully understands and appre^ 
 dates this great industry which un- 
 derlies the prosperity of this Prov- 
 ince, efppclally, when taken in con- 
 nection with this fact ; that the minis- 
 try ta in harmony with the present 
 Dominion G:>vf rnment. 
 
 TIIK SPEAKER 
 
 of the present Provincial Parliament, 
 J. W. Slftoi, Eaq., having been con- 
 nected with the C'^nstruction of I he 
 (Canadian Paciflc liailway from the 
 bfglnning of work thereon, be>ng the 
 first iiontiaotor to break ground both 
 on the Thunder Bay (I^Hke Superior) 
 and Ked iliver ends, will fortunatelv 
 tM of great advantage to the presenc 
 Provincial Government, by Hiding 
 them in judicious legislation ; by means 
 
 liil 
 
•f bta xrMk prft«u<ml »np<tti»t»m !■ 
 
 wtMly ■aldtiiR ll^a future tmin^ 
 polioy < rtiid I'Kivi.tM ti(Miii wMia M 
 muflh dupmxla. 
 
 oivko oROAirizAnoir. 
 
 |>.iniwU»l«ly u|M>ii Dim Ditlngulali 
 Bi«iii i>r tlio 11 II. ('<>in|)«iiy'iiiltl#, lh« 
 CMUMlUti KiivariiRioiit, U) •itiMii a <«ivl| 
 OMIMlaaUoii Atr Uwt ymtt of llila im- 
 BiiH— anta of aama l,^**l,i*1H aqiMrr 
 mliaa lying wnat fhitn tha UmhuI 
 mry of ih« I'kivIik'* of (>iiurl<> 
 ftnd KoUiK waat aloiuc the iiorthnti 
 tiouuDarv lltiaol tha "ulttMl Htalmi i' 
 HritlaliColiiiiiltla. In l«ii«ltu<lf> l,Wwaai 
 of Uraauwicli, tliama north tu tha 
 Artilh- Oii)«ats liaa for tha |Hir|ioaa <>r 
 orKaiilxliiK a Dominion covfrtnuaiital 
 auparvlaiuii, baaii (ll*l<lr<rinto 
 
 TIIHRM HKI-AHTMKNT.l. 
 
 Tba olilaat aixt ■inallnal of ihaaa U tha 
 rruvluua of Maiilt.ilMi, tha moraat fhu^ 
 tlun of ti.tn Kraat «(«<« on*y • :,ata 14,- 
 "Ml) Miuari' intiaa ImlnK atM>ut 130 
 mllaa «a»t and WKat, Ity U*i ntlla* tturth 
 and aoutli. Than owoia* tha illttrlot 
 of 
 
 KSEWATnr, 
 
 whliih aitauila from tha waatarn Innui* 
 dariaa of Ontario, aUiva mantloiia4< UD 
 U)tha«aatarn iMuindary of MannMiS 
 hikI along to lh«> north of It to thaooa 
 bundrtHlth parallal of longUuda (wast 
 of (iriH'nwIoh) and north t«i tha Arolio. 
 Tlila region waa mada a dlatrlct In '76, 
 wltti tha |kr«««<nt (,ovai niir of Manitoba 
 M ax-o(nolo governor. Aa vat It baa 
 n<i Itxratml iwat of ifovarnnitut, (mt Ita 
 ■<>v«ri.nif*iital bniil .<wm la tranwu'tad ai 
 Wtuoipag- Thia m a ragion of 
 
 IRAKIS, rOMHTS AHU MIMBRAIA 
 
 wiui kiut llttia prairie or tahio landa. 
 All tha rmt of thIa grtiiit aaotlun lying | 
 waat of Kt<Hwatln and Manitoba, aua \ 
 azt<<n<llng wtwi to tha eaatarn lM>un<l«ry i 
 of Urltlah Columbia, ia embraocd In j 
 tba I 
 
 K0RTHWE8T TEEBITOBY, 
 
 In which A government waa orgaolaad 
 in IBIU. with Hon. Divid fialrd M 
 Lieut. Oovernor. He, with hia ooua- 
 ell, realde at tha new aaat of gov- 
 •rninnnt at Itattlefont, whitih ifi Alarm- 
 ingly lcH;4t«>d at the Junction of BAttla 
 River Willi the north branch of the 
 8aakatch«waa. Hera autne twauty 
 government huildlnga are erwetcd 
 betilduM, of (tourae, many huildlnga be- 
 longhiK to private Indtviduab, atcM'ee, 
 dwelliugH, «to. Branohea uf the dlflbr- 
 eut idiurcii mlaaionary eat«bltshm«nta 
 will be eatablinhed tLere. Ffirt ('alley 
 la the headquartem of ttie teriitollaJ 
 mounted police, a very ttflolent aeml- 
 military ori^anlzatlou, that are , ata- 
 tioned at ditierent paata along the 
 national houndarv and through tlie 
 variouH Indlun trlliet) along the fror.tler. 
 The country embraced iu this territory 
 may be truthfully called the 
 
 KBOION OF PKIIF-KOTIOW. 
 
 Ifllth a pure atmosphere, a genial, 
 healthful climate of pRrty ftprlngttiiiefl 
 and soft, hazy butumns; with dry and 
 ■teady winters and light huow falla ; 
 with 8tream« and spriaget of Hsfi puk-^tt 
 water ; with no malaria, lieoauae there 
 la nothing to deveiope it. The rarth, 
 aky, water and altitii.de are all conser 
 vatory of Itealth, iuHuriug newcomfra, 
 (h)m distant luiida even, a^iut the 
 acclimating niciiaesa attendant upon 
 their coming Into mor^ Hfjuthera and 
 lecB perfectly Hituated sej^tions, while 
 heie in tbia health-giving Alr—siunmer 
 
 I'O.ST OFKICE AND DOMINION OOVKItNMKNT .SA 
 
 UA,H, 
 
 or winter- tbrlr atreogtb auntlnuea and 
 tnipmvea, from th«lr arrival. 
 Thia great territory ia alio 
 
 TlIX I.ANn or MAUNIKUr.NT PRAIRin 
 
 aod grrat rivorR, with Hne navigation 
 fnim the «Muil«*rn alnioat to the mrther 
 waatern and northw^Htern t)oundarlea, 
 b) the Haakatci.twan w»il<'h wltli the 
 i IVftce, /.thaliAM'aand Mrl<eti8l«, wbime 
 i navli<ikb!a watent, running through tl<e 
 I n.>rtiiw«wt and center to tho weatern 
 ( ArcMc, fuinlah ready routeaof trani>|H>r- 
 tatlon. Two MlrHniem are now running 
 on the HaakaU'hewan and another oiu 
 la on the way for thw Athatiawa. Theae 
 boata of <M>urie are but tt.e ploi:<>«rM, the 
 half-awakening dreaniH, i rucwiing a 
 aonn ooniinK, actual fleet ttiat will tra- 
 verao th«»o rivera. With the already 
 flniahe<l telegraph line aoroaa it, and 
 ottlcially located and mM)u to !» built 
 railway, civilization- alreatly there In 
 a meaaure— will B<K)n enter more large- 
 ly, being already eupplled with every 
 mo<iern nieana of oommanlcatlou and 
 tranait into thla 
 
 ORBAT NATOBAL OAMDBN, 
 
 with great forest tracta along ita eaat- 
 eru; weetarn and northern borders and 
 another great b. dy tnrough ulmoat Ita 
 centre, between the Bankat" liewan and 
 At'iabaaoa; while a liberal growth of 
 timber tkirta the tcorea of leaaer 
 Rtreama, with valleya of i ronortlonate 
 and even greater beauty and fertility. 
 There are 
 
 OBBAT COAL FIELDS 
 
 alau lu this Territory. Explorations 
 have shown that north of the 5()th par- 
 allel thfre are fully 50(J,0<)0 Bouare 
 miles underlaid by true coal, while on 
 the north and south branches of the 
 Sa«katcht wan, Battle River, Red, Deer 
 and other streams in ita middle and 
 southern part, are extensive Jepoeita 
 of coal lu strata of from two and a half 
 to twelve feet thick. 
 
 GOLD AND IKON, 
 
 and otter mineral deposita of great ex- 
 tent and richmae, are a'so known to 
 
 exiat there. The riohneaa of tha ffi| 
 flelda along the east* n aa well aa wet 
 ern |>art of the lt<K!ky Mounlalna, froi 
 latitude !M to 09, la well «itab.laht<; M. 
 long known. 
 
 THE IWDIAN TTTLB, 
 
 or clalma to all thia aeotlon, aa hM teen 
 Iwfore mentioned have all l>eeu 
 aatiafWotorily piirohaaed or aettled. 
 The uniform gcMHi fklth kept by the 
 Britieh and Canadian governmeuta In 
 all of their treattee with tie Indiana 
 haa been aa honorably maintained by 
 these forest children, and I liaveyeilu 
 learn of the first Instance of their ever 
 committing any outiage up'jn peace- 
 ably dispoaetl |>«n)oUB. On the con- 
 trary, their ncorti of kindneaa andaa- 
 ststaiice to sutlerli g white men Is large 
 and Instances numerous. Tbeae trea- 
 tits were made with the Indians in 
 thla section In 1871, '72, '78, '74, '75 '76, 
 and '77, are known as treaties one to 
 ■even, respectively, and were rnoatly 
 made under Oovemor Morris. 
 
 OI^IMATIO. 
 
 In view of the »tatemeu*s already 
 made and the facts that follow concern- 
 ing this 
 
 OKBAT FBRTILB BBF.T 
 
 that comes sweeping down through 
 this great section and Province, anti 
 south Into the Htatea, as will be sLown 
 hereafter, I tleem it lieet tbat the 
 reasons should be given right here, why 
 this so call ;d ijelt should oontiuue, as 
 It already Las I ecome— nearly up to 
 the Iwundary line— tlie great highway 
 aloiii< which the homes, f^ms, towns 
 and cities will stretch continuously 
 across the continent; and to further ex- 
 plain, what may cause debate or be 
 condemned without examination, this 
 actual fact wants to te borne iu mind. 
 It la that the great 
 
 MIQDLB BELT OR ZONB 
 
 In which is f^^und most of the Intellect, 
 and that crowning result of the hlgh- 
 
 •1 
 ftUluw 
 
 for, 
 
 belwa. 
 whirb 
 
 of ''^"K 
 
 M 
 
 ■iiiii 
 I 
 
 to come c 
 Peace, At 
 Heti riven 
 than one t 
 ^laiea, dir 
 tile piesei 
 Pacific Hi 
 pia th< 
 
I 
 
 UU DAM. 
 
 ■ of (he |t| 
 
 iintalim, froi 
 Ubilabtd M. 
 
 turn, 
 
 a, MhMkMu 
 ) all b««ii 
 
 or MtUed. 
 k»pt by th*' 
 veniineuUi In 
 
 II. «> IndianH 
 [iliitainrd by 
 
 I lav^yevlti 
 |of their ev«»i 
 
 )ii the (Wil- 
 li imM andKH- 
 luen In largf 
 These trea- 
 Indlaua in 
 ;, '74. '75 '76, 
 jatlea one t<) 
 were inoatly 
 
 BU'.a already 
 |:ow oonceru- 
 
 rn through 
 
 |-ovince, and 
 
 be sLowii 
 
 at that the 
 
 it here, why 
 
 lountiuue, M* 
 
 y up to 
 
 %t highway 
 
 rms, towuM 
 
 itiiiuounly 
 
 further ex- 
 
 lebate or be 
 
 linatloD, this 
 
 le in mind. 
 
 OKB 
 
 leiutellect, 
 U rhe high- 
 
 Mt HvllUailoi, pr*0Mt$, 4tMM p<4 
 tbUowUM 
 
 uimmot tATiTor». 
 
 fitr, at^rtinf In Kufooa. wa AM It 
 iwtworii (li» ^tU and «mli MMiM, In 
 wUMi t> aiatir* mi moat nfVrutt^. ail ' 
 o/ ''.niland, Iralaiid, H<i»tland,lt«tRliiu, 
 H<<llau<l. (twriiiany, iNtninarll, iha 
 MHithorii ijart of Hw»<l«ii and Norway, 
 mUi That th«< «*iti« •'Itiiiata, In cmm- 
 Inc Uia AMaii'i< . dro|Hi frunt thaWMh 
 d«grM»« • Horn. Iln*. to at a tMiry 
 tihmrttl Mlliiial* a« tow tm the lAth lu 
 Airi«rt<«, whU'h lllin would tak« In th« 
 iniiat, if n >t all of Nova M.-..Ua or 
 Maine, the aauia Una AirmUiK (lie north 
 Imundaryof New llanu»hlre, Vermont 
 •nd New Yorli, while the witithttni 
 limit, would nl l»««t ((o ae Ut aouth aa ' 
 the Mth parallel, wulch la Uie northern 
 iKiundary I'ne of North Carolina, and I 
 think It ahoulil gn even to the ;«>th. i 
 Hut thece iMiundarlea do not hold k<hm1 
 from tlin Atlantic to th« yalley of the 
 MlaalMlppI river even, the north lln<> 
 iiartliMihirly In wlntar hdllnK nearly 
 fourh iif the lahee. But, after pannluK -. 
 the great lakea, tloi eame climate rlaaa i 
 rapidly to the northweat until ai the; 
 I'at-lflo ooaet It l« fully the aame i*a In 
 Kumpe, vlr, : Mth and <V) U parallel. 
 The t»u tee of theee dette«'tl' m are elui- 
 ple and iia'uial, when proi-rly under- 
 iitood. Klmt the »trf)ng Ar«tlc cur renta i 
 that flow south along Imth ooaata of! 
 Oreenlaiiil, (lomwwed of the Icy water* 
 of that great frigid aea around the 
 North Hole, tiearing In them thoae ; 
 .nighty maaeea of loe, calleil Icebergeor 
 Dtountaliin, ilown jiaat the (»oaet of Ia- j 
 hiailor, and ao along until thle inirrent I 
 nueU tlie warm wat'^r of the gulf I 
 •tream on the l«nka of Newfoundland 
 - which here turn the water* of that 
 tropkml Rtream to the uortheaat. caue- 
 luK It to nana near to tha ahoree of Ire- 1 
 laad and eaat of leelaml— and ao on 
 until lU fnrt-e and wermth are loat In j 
 the freea<ng watere of Nova Zembla. 
 The watei-a of thin (Ireenlaiidlo current , 
 are In tun. defle<'te<l and thrown to the i 
 right, aloiiK the eaateru ahoree of Uie : 
 Dominion ami the New Fufiaiid I 
 .Statee of the Union. But thoae great 
 iiiiwaee of ice ilo not e,iaily loan their i 
 momenture, hut go on Into the (luif 
 Htream and acrone It Into n'ld o<iean un- 
 t.l tliey are crun'bleilaway by themild 
 air anil the heavy eeaa of the Atlantic. 
 Tlio Euro|)oau coatt haa no auch Arc- 
 tic current, or at leaat none of auch 
 magnitude. 
 
 Tne Faclflc Ocean haa no Antic cur- 
 rent, but the gr.'at Ja|/ane«e atream 
 sweeping Ite mighty current, fourtimea 
 theelaeuf the Gulf stre.im north from 
 the E<|Uator, paet the (Jhlneae and 
 Japaneee uoaatH, on out ln!o the Paclflt^ 
 unlll In its northwani oounMs, It reaches 
 the curved line of the AlfUllan lalanda 
 th-it atretch away out from mir Ruasian 
 purehaae of Alaeka. nearly Hcroae to 
 ths Aalatlc coast, off Kamakatk.*, cauees 
 this mighty Oceanic river, with It*) 
 rapid current of four mllee per hour 
 audita accompanying trade wmila.to 
 ilertect to tae eaet, striking the Paolflc 
 coast of thle « mtinent to the north of 
 the Both parallel oi latitude, while tlse 
 low altitude and narrower , rtia (from 
 east to west) of the rauKM of mouu- 
 tilus allow these 
 
 WARM TRA.DB WINDB 
 
 to come over lutj the val'eys of the 
 Peace. Athabaska, Saakatchewan and 
 Ked rivers, with an elevation of leas 
 than one third of that of the United 
 olatee, dire;tly south along the line of 
 the pieseut great Union and (Jeuttal 
 Pacific Railway. .\nd It further ex- 
 pla the fact, well known to all 
 
 rhinago to Han Franolaoo, (^al.. tha 
 there h a gra^lual rlae In the aurnu^e of 
 the country after pasaliig the Mliala- 
 alppl river towanla the Y'acltii 
 
 raaldmiU ImN^ that atirtnc noiuaa to 
 JitaiiUoli«llr«iaillwnortl>w«il,and why 
 MMil WMrther In the l^ll la earllM In that 
 Fr»vtaMt titan lu ttie aliova named 
 Tallaya. 
 
 tha report of th* Unlt«l HUtaa 
 weathar offloa at I'amblna. In tha (f H 
 on or iie«r tha (lanadlan and United 
 Htataa bmiiulary line, and the t'anadlan 
 mmiktT onto* at Wlunlpag, (?ontlnue«l 
 thmqgh a numbak of yaftn, ahow that 
 tha point of the graataal degree of 
 <Hila In thl« aeiitlun of the Northweat, 
 la at or near tha boundary Una; It 
 being mlldar north -even at Winnl- 
 1>«K u wall aa aouth from tha iMiund 
 arv 
 
 Again, about In a north line fri>ra the 
 Kaatern i>art of the Htate of Ohio, or 
 (olllngwiMi I, Ontario, the cold waten 
 oftha frosen Arotin H«a come doarn In- 
 to tha country thn>ugh Hu<laon'a Bay 
 ai fhr aouth aa latltud<i ni, while the 
 north lin« of Mlnnaaota la only 40. It 
 la from thla liauae, itoubtleae, that the 
 cohl northerly wlmhi of winter cauae 
 the depreealon of the thermal line aouth 
 of the gn^at lakea In thoee montba, and 
 that the warm 
 
 TRADR wiMw or TUB rAcirio 
 which iNime down through tha rlrcr 
 valleys heretofore named, do not go 
 eaaterly, near the Atlantic ooaat, but 
 detlect aouthwardly Into the Htatea. 
 
 Once mure we HnU aa we go weet- 
 ward over the proaent railway from 
 (Chicago to Han Franolaoo, (^al., that 
 there h a g 
 
 g 1 
 
 Pacltic, until 
 In the weetern part of Nehraaka It 
 reiiche* an altitude of 8,800 ffet, (a 
 iMii lit several hundred feet higher than 
 (he htghMt iMiliiton the ('aaa<ilan Pa- 
 cillc Itatlwiiy). A ahort dlatantie lie- 
 yond the Houky Mobutalna proper, 
 beglna, and for tha next 1300 inllaa, 
 
 roUR OHRAT UAN(IH8 0P MOIINTAINH 
 
 have to tie oroeae4l by the pi'eaent Union 
 and Central Pacific Railway, at eleva- 
 llona of H,'.Ma feet, 7,8.Vi feet, <I,IIH rset, 
 7,017 feet reai>ectlvely, going west 
 Now, aa It la well known thdt altitude 
 Is e<|ulvalent to latitude, It la eaay to 
 lie aeen why the great middle aone of 
 teRi|>erature doee nut r..n with the 
 latitude HcroHH the Atlantic and acniaa 
 the Htatee to the Weateni Ocean. It la 
 becaiiHe It can't. 
 
 The Arctic ourrenta, oonatantly flow- 
 ing from an eternity of ice in the one 
 case, and the four great rangee of 
 mo.intalna of Immense height (muny 
 constantly enow-aapped, for the altl- 
 tudeH alM)ve given are merely thoee of 
 the paaees through them) and their 
 great extent east and weet, in the other 
 case, provea the popularly lieiievml 
 theory of wlae emigration, " keep In 
 your native latitude?' to »» incorrect. 
 
 Ofcouise, here and there, lietween 
 these mounUln raugea, are warmer 
 valleys, biit theee grt^nd and mighty 
 formations of the Divine Archlte.;t, act 
 as ao many coiideunerij of the o'ouds 
 and moiet winds parsing over them, 
 particularly when there 1« added a 
 fifth wall of mountalUH skirting the 
 iHinreiiiati coaat of the Pacific, called 
 the (Joait Range. Whatever moisture 
 there is in the breezes from that mighty 
 ocean of rest, well calle<l the Pacmn. is 
 >mpletely taken out of them before 
 thoy get any d. stance in the inter.or. 
 Besides, It is well known, that In the 
 Htato of C>'allfornia Itself, It never rains 
 from May to November, hence, these 
 eausee account for the entire abeonce 
 of largt' (or for that matter,small) rlv- 
 trs, v/ith bordering fertile valleys like 
 those in the northwest, aud for the 
 
 land Mt of ttte toiouMlUt* mounUIn 
 rang* Mna dry, arlo. alkali plaliia. 
 tikt Mw<M' <w tite llumUildt. a slnram 
 whlclH, aa mual of thani il'<, loaea llaalf 
 Ib th« MlHi. Tliey alto a>««'unt for tha 
 Avt tlMll« whera I iltlvallon I* narrlail 
 on, It It only mitiiitalned by lirlgailon 
 ft'om soMill .iraaiua Juat from Ihn moun- 
 Ulna. 
 
 Hut enough on this saotlon, and to 
 acain raturot<ithaJapaufaaatr«Mn. I 
 said thara waa no Arutte rairrant In the 
 Paittt«. Xb* tiMiaa uf thla la, that Ihf 
 wAolBOf ■• JapiABM atream do>^ not 
 coma to tmt w s t ar n uiuat, Ih I a latr 
 tlonofitthat Ai>wr twynnn the Aleu- 
 tian lalaiula, kae|Mi on In lis course aa 
 laid damn >•> the Almighty, ami UIng 
 ga.hatad Into a narniwe«l aii<l strougar 
 curruBt by the oonvsrglr.g of iha ooMt 
 of tha large lay, opaning aouth ward to 
 raoalva It, j.. in. Uirough Behrtng 
 Htralta iupraat m lums Into the Amtlc 
 Ofl^ao- tvlB keapa the weatern |i«rt of 
 that ■•• ao opan and la the reaaon why 
 no loalMfia are ne«u off our w* stern 
 coast ; It BJao doiibtleas has Its Intlutnoe 
 In moving out that merellaii atream of 
 nold Into the Atlantic. Ferhapi tbia 
 very Inlaota.l warm current acoounta 
 for tha kot that Ice In that dismal aco- 
 tlondoas not laoreaae from year i<> y»u, 
 keeping ua In oonatant fear < f another 
 great 
 
 OLACIBBOAI. DBLUOa 
 
 If, In giving ao muoh iiiace to thasa 
 almply oUmaHo fact*, I have tlre<i tha 
 ADvmTUn'a raadan, 1 would In «x- 
 tenuattoo out slnapty say, that I do ao 
 honairtly believing them worthy of 
 their paruaal They aHo exiilnln per- 
 ha|ia, Biany <>f the seeming sflfevtlent 
 abaurdltles, that varloua writers and 
 persooa hava given In atatiug trtUl^fitl 
 JacU of 
 
 THB NBW NORTHWBBT. 
 
 For the information of tha AnvBM- 
 TUiHH'a rvaileni in the United Htates, 
 as well as elsewhere, a few word« oa 
 the 
 
 CANADIAN FORM OF 
 
 GOVERNMENT 
 
 may heof Intereet. The ('on federation, 
 aa torme<l at present, consiate of the 
 Provliioeaof Ontario (formerly Upper 
 Canada), (^iieliec (formeily lower Can- 
 a<iH), New Brunawlck. Nova .Scotia, 
 Manitoba, BritlHh Coiuiulila, Prince 
 Kdwarda Island, the Northwest Terri- 
 tory -Juat organic.ed~and I'errltory of 
 Kejwatlu, unorgan J7e<l ; the latter be- 
 ing as yet under the charge of the gov- 
 ernor of Manitoba. 
 
 Tha CV>n federation was formeil In 
 18H7 by the uuion of the (Irat four 
 named provlncs, Manitoba entering 
 in 1870, British Columbia in 1871, 
 Prlnee Plilward's Island In lH7;t. New 
 Foundiat d is t'le only province that Is 
 still out of the U^it^ii, which is known 
 at the D.iminion of Canada, at the 
 head of which lathe Ujveriior (jenenil, 
 who is api^Kiinted by the t^ueen for live 
 years, Ht a salary fixed by the Domin- 
 ion Heelf, of 900,000 (er annum. The 
 seuatortf, who at preee t number 
 eighty-one, hold their oftlce fur life. 
 At the time of the formation of the 
 confederation their number was seven- 
 ty-two, they being appointed by the 
 Queen dlre«;t, Hulwequeut additions 
 and vatrancleH since occurring are filled 
 by nominations made by the O vernor 
 tiei.erni and Council, which nomina- 
 tioufc are onflrme*! by the Queen, who 
 IsHues their com mifitilons to them direct. 
 Vacauolee may occur by deal h, rralgna- 
 tlon, a^aouoe for two consecutive see- 
 
SrOBARr, EDEN A CX). 8 BLOCK. Set Pagt S7. 
 
 of 
 
 alona, ba ikruptoy or oonvioticn 
 inftunous crinee. 
 
 THK IIOUSK OF COMMONS 
 
 low consists of aVcut two hundred 
 meuib r<. They are elec ed by the 
 people, oM a basis of population and are 
 chosen for five years. ilesideiice is 
 not a lequlslte for a candidatf^ in the 
 district in which he may chooM to 
 "stand," but be may represent a dis- 
 trict ot')<>T than the one in Vkhich he 
 n sides. 
 
 Abwc ated with the Governor Qen- 
 era! U a cabinet or ministry of tuirtnen 
 members, known ae th? 
 
 aiEEN'S PBIVY COUNCIL, FOR CANADA, 
 
 w)jo hold the >iortfolios of the different 
 departments under the title of minis 
 ters of customs, interiui, etc. Tbe for- 
 mat.on of this cabinet is made by the 
 GoTernor General asking tbe recog- 
 nized leader (in the House) of the 
 poMtica'. party in maloriiy, to oosfer 
 wf h him iu naming tbe members of 
 the cabinet, which seiections are made 
 1)0 Lh from the Senate and House, with 
 a majority from tbe latt'jr body. The 
 Me)nl)err of the Houst, so named, if 
 they accept, at once rRsigu and again 
 go liefoi-e the peop'^ of their own or 
 any other Douse constituency that 
 may be vacant if they so desire, for r© 
 election to the House ; wLen if re- 
 elected, they tak» their place In thw 
 cabinet This is done to* assure a full 
 accord between the ministry and the 
 pfoile. If the member BO named falls 
 of rd- election, he is out of lx>th house 
 and cabinet, but he is not debarred fron 
 running again for tht house only. If 
 
 Miv of the originally i amed meml>er8 
 fail in their re elect on, another is 
 named untC the number is complete. 
 The senators, being for life, do not re- 
 quire re-election, nsithor ao they lose 
 'li'e:? seats in an> e 'ent. Tr.e member 
 -ji the House originally called by the 
 (Governor General to aid in forming 
 the council, is called the Premier, or 
 in the Dominion government 
 
 THa PRIME MINISTBB, 
 
 and tLe government so formed is usu 
 ai^y known by his name. As in the 
 case of the present Prime Minister, 
 Bt. Hon. Sir John A. McDonald, the 
 government is called the 
 
 H' DONALD OOVBBNMaNT. 
 
 When the organization is completed, 
 t;>j Queen issues their commissions to 
 them as Her councillors. To tbe;e 
 miaisters is generally accorded the 
 privilege of making appointments to 
 fill any vacancies in the horje or head 
 department among their immediate 
 deputiea or clerks, or In anj* of the Do- 
 mlDion offlc s in any of the Provinces ; 
 though the Governor General is re 
 spondlble for all such offlcers and has a 
 right to name them. Still lie usualiy ! 
 waives the right and confirms the ap- 1 
 poiutmeut^.oi his ministers. Tnej 
 courtesy of naming the candidates for : 
 any of the Provincial vacancies is usu < 
 , 'lly pncorded by the minister of what- ! 
 fevJ^r department it may be in, to the ! 
 memb?r of that Province wliose poli- 
 tics Is la accord with tliat ot (lie mlnia 
 try. Such subordinate appointments 
 both iu the head departments as well 
 as in the Provinces being 
 
 MADK FOR Vtvn, 
 
 or during good behavior. The recipi- 
 ent \n Hupp«Wd to thereafter keep him- 
 self clear of all political questions, 
 either by his vot-^ or otherwise: Uiey 
 being expected to know only theu* 
 ofllolal duties and to tusko their Aiture 
 reputation or advanceuieut by their 
 effloleiicy and cnurt«ii>. For, Ihor.Kh 
 tiie miiiivtry and political party under 
 vhicdi they were appoint, d, may lose 
 poMition ami i>ower, it doee not nfTeot 
 tleni, the same holding good with the 
 <t<>)iutie«, etc., in the department home 
 odlco in Ottawa. Changes ia the min- 
 isiry pi t out of position only the mio- 
 Ist'-r'j themselveri 
 
 But to resume. The Govwrcor Gen- 
 eral has the privilege of calling upon 
 an;; of Ills ministers to resign, ana of 
 calling another member to such de- 
 purtmunt, or he may dissolve the en- 
 tire cabinet All measures for parlia- 
 mentary action are usually introduced 
 by the minister of the department 
 fiom which it world be proper to ema- 
 nate, and whenever the government 
 fails of support in tbe House in any of 
 its measures, it is us'ially expected 
 they will resign ; oi' if a direct vote of 
 want of confl Jence in them is given by 
 I' e Ilousi— which Is u.'iually followed 
 l,y a petition to the Gov srnor General 
 to name a new Premier who Is usually 
 tbe leader of the opposition in the 
 House— upon such a vote the Premier 
 and Couuoil so defeated resign their 
 commlHsioi H, wh'cb are accepted, and 
 the new Pr.'mter and Council taice 
 their places ; those from the House go- 
 in or l>efore the people for re-eleottun as 
 attlrst 
 
 THS PBOVINCLAI. QOVERKORS 
 
 are appointed by the Governor General 
 and Council, with the approval of the 
 Queen, with the 'itle of L'entenant 
 Governor, such appointment being for 
 five years. In the Provincial Parlia- 
 ments there are no senators, the body 
 twing composed of the Legislative 
 Council, appointed by the Lieut. Gov- 
 ernor and liis Council for life, and the 
 Legislative Assembly elected for four 
 years. The Lieut. Governor name} a 
 Premier, wao selects with the Gover- 
 nor, a cabinet which Is called the Ex 
 eoutlve CouQcll; it being selected and 
 governed by tbe same rul^ as the Privy 
 Council in the Dominion government. 
 Bubordinate provincial officers are fbr 
 life, the same as in the Dominion. 
 Three of the provinces h»ve done away 
 with the nominntive body or legisU- 
 tivf council an(i have only one, the 
 elective or legislative assembly. This 
 bjdy with the executive council, per- 
 forcis the provincial governmental 
 functions. The provlnres haviag only 
 th^ one are Ontario, i.^auitobi And 
 British C'^lumbia. 
 
 The Dominion of Canada does not 
 pay one cent of tribute or taxes to tbe 
 English or home government, in any 
 way whatever. On the contrar* «>»e 
 charges 1: ysx Just the same c ■< 
 
 tariff on her itterchandise, etc., c-^ ^91 
 into Canad , as upon (hat coming from 
 the Unitea States or any other country. 
 Again, all the public lands in British 
 America (which has a much larger 
 arer. than the United States) belong to 
 the Domiuior and not to England. 
 Canada has ulc j its own system of in- 
 ternal revenue. In fact, her resources 
 are the same as the National Govern- 
 ment of the United States. There are 
 no British tn ops in the Dominion, her 
 forts being Rarrisoned by her own sol- 
 diers under her own control, though^ as 
 aroresaid, some of her governmental 
 officers arenominaly understood as be- 
 
 
The reolpi- 
 l«r krep iitm- 
 %\ questionii, 
 lerwIiHt'. khey 
 r only their 
 u their Aiture 
 ent by their 
 For, Ihoi.gh 
 J awty iiuder 
 t<a, may lost; 
 tee not nflVot 
 {ood with tl\B 
 .rtiiient hoaxn 
 Be la Uie mln- 
 luly the mln- 
 
 ^oTerco^ Qen- 
 calllng upoD 
 riwigii, RUM of 
 r to auoh de- 
 wolve the eu- 
 reti for parlla- 
 lly introduced 
 > department 
 >toper to ema- 
 ) government 
 ()U8e in any of 
 ally expected 
 , direot vote of 
 im in given by 
 ually followed 
 jruor Oenei-al 
 who is usually 
 Bitlon in the 
 B the Premier 
 1 reelga their 
 accepte<I, and 
 Couuoil take 
 the House go- 
 : re-eleotiun ae 
 
 )VERN0II8 
 
 rsrnor Qeneral 
 pproval of the 
 of L'entenant 
 nent being for 
 rlnolal Parlia- 
 ttors, the body 
 18 Legislative 
 he Liieut. Gov- 
 )r lifH. and the 
 iiected for four 
 irnor namei a 
 Ith the Gover- 
 Dalled the Er 
 { selected and 
 OB as the Privy 
 n government, 
 offloen are fbr 
 be Dominion. 
 *ve done away 
 ody or legisls - 
 only one, the 
 Membly. This 
 I oouucll, per- 
 governmental 
 w haviug only 
 i/anltom and 
 
 nada does not 
 r taxes to the 
 iment, in any 
 I contrar' «he 
 mme c '* 
 
 e, etc., t.-. ^n 
 t coming from 
 other country. 
 nds in British 
 
 much larger 
 ites) belong to 
 ; to England. 
 
 system of in- 
 , her resources 
 ional Govern- 
 cB. There are 
 Dominion, hei 
 ly her own sol- 
 rol, though, as 
 
 B;overumental 
 erstood as be- 
 
 
 lag immed by the Queen ; she seems to 
 Wftlv* Ukfat right with the single ex 'Op- 
 tion 'if the <><ivernor()ieneral ; and even 
 In his case, she would not name or re 
 tain any one that was obuoxiouM to 
 theni. All oooimigslons and legal docu- 
 ments eraanatiuK from and under the 
 Doniiniou, nokn()wle<lg«> Her MHljwty's 
 80v«reifrnly, and light a< her legal hold 
 upon tlleni Heeri.s, f very 'nnch uoulit If 
 in England even, she haii more really 
 loyal subjects than are .he Canadians 
 t<Hl«y- 
 
 VOTING IN OANAOA, 
 
 for members of Parliament, etc,, is free 
 to ikl' (but Indians) except a small prop> 
 erty qualification, whicti auiouut may 
 vary some in thn d^Wsrent provinces, 
 though 1 cannot say that it !<' not uni- 
 form. But this limittttiun. siuhII as it 
 may be, Is a most wonderful safeguard 
 of that greatest (^f political privllegee, 
 the ballot r- f b 
 
 If these hurried 
 
 POLITICAL NOTR8 
 
 are given with sufQtient clearness, our 
 many readers may be able to better 
 Judt^e which of the two governments, 
 that of Canada or the United Htutes, is 
 really tiie l)est and freest, and. which 
 'Xintains the elements of the greatest 
 present and future strength. They, 
 perhaps, may be able to decide whether 
 re cannot embody in our own govern- 
 mi^ntal machinery some good thingb 
 from even so young a government 
 «a that of Canada. 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 On the eastern limit, or more prop- 
 erly speaking, the southeastern corner 
 ot sbis great prairie tract of mure than 
 one thouaana miles in extent, spoken 
 of in Mr. Grant's "Ocean to Ocean," is 
 the location of this little province), 
 with an area, of only some 14,340 
 square miles, being aoout 120 miles 
 from east to west, by 100 miles north 
 and soutb, and containing about 10,- 
 OOO.jOO acres. Coming just within her 
 eastorn borders is that 
 
 VAST FOBK8T KEOION, 
 
 that extends away eastwardly through 
 the older provinces to the Atlantic. 
 while coming In from the south is that 
 
 great prairie country frora the United 
 tates, or which more properly speak- 
 ing, stretches away from the wa- 
 ters* of the Peace Biver through 
 Manitoba, south through Minnesota, 
 Dakota, lowu, Illinois, MissoDri, Kan- 
 sas, the Indian Territory aud Texas, 
 to the Gulf of Mexico, more than two 
 thousand miles from the southern 
 boundary of Manitoba. In this latter 
 prairie tract, away on the south line 
 of the State of Minnesota, rises the 
 Red Bivcr, which, running almost due 
 north of the States into and across this 
 province, empties into Lake Winci- 
 peg, some forty miles north of its 
 capital city of Winnipeg. As this 
 Stream pursues its course northward 
 through this great prairie, its valley 
 widens from a few miles to fully 40 
 miles ^n the west to the Pembina 
 Mountains, and 00 miles east, but the 
 eastern forest section gradually begins 
 to close in shortly after the river 
 Miters the province, in a circuiar line, 
 until it comes up to &n<* crosses the 
 river about 20 miles above its mouth. 
 Along its western bauk, after entering 
 the province, are scattered belts of 
 timber with some on its western trib- 
 utaries ; but its eastern bank is gener- 
 ally lined with a timber belt of fully 
 one mile in width, while streams 
 coming in from the east are both more 
 nuoterous and larger with correspond- 
 ingly heavy borderinga of forest. The 
 
 _[•} _^ 
 
 Bid River in orossing Man;ti)bH, 
 leaves about one-third of the province 
 to the east. This river empties Into 
 Lake 'Vlnnlpeg through four chaniiels 
 or mouths; the tlrst. or mure easU^rly 
 being the l)est. All of Its channel.t or 
 tnui.ths run through a laige tract of 
 grassy marsh, extending some u*ne 
 inlles north and south, and 15 miles 
 east and west, along the head of this 
 great lak(< some three hundred miles 
 lorg. A little more than ^alf way 
 from the south to the northern pro- 
 vincial boandaries the 
 
 A88INNBBOINB 
 
 empties Into the Red from the west. 
 Following up the Asstnneholne its 
 general course through the Province 
 to it« Western limit is to the west, 
 thus dividing the Western two-thirds 
 of the Province in(u nearly two 
 equal parts. Near the northwest cor- 
 ner of the Province comes in a high 
 plateau called the Biding Mountains, 
 which run in a southeast course until 
 broken by the broad valleyof the As- 
 Hinneboine, hero some Qfty miles wide 
 the river flowijg nearly through the 
 middle of this valley. To the south 
 of this valley this same plateau attain- 
 ing an elevation of some two or three 
 hundred feet again rises, running in 
 the same general course but is known 
 as the 
 
 FKHBINA MOUNTAINS 
 
 which extend on out of the Province 
 into the States, thus dividing the 
 western portion of the Province into 
 two parts, that laying to the east being 
 generally the level prairie of the Bed 
 and Assinneboine valleyi:; proper, 
 while to the w«st it is higher aud 
 more rolling. Along the northern 
 boundary line near the northeast cor- 
 ner the waters of 
 
 LAKE WINNIPEG 
 
 come down into the Province some 
 fifteen niles. This lake is some 300 
 miles long from the mouth of the Bed 
 river to its outlet into the Hudson s 
 Bay. near Norway House, through the 
 Biver Nelson. Itc course is directly 
 north. Following along this same 
 northern boundary line some forty 
 miles from the western shore of Lake 
 Winnipeg, 
 
 LAKE MANITOBA 
 
 comes down into the Province some 
 25 miles. It runs north some viO miles 
 when it is terminated by a marshy 
 section through whioti runs a narrow 
 channel a mile or two into 
 
 LAKE F^INNEPEGOSIB. 
 
 This lake runs north another 120 miles, 
 having an outlet through a small lake 
 called Gedai Lake, which is really an 
 enlargement of the Saskatchewan, a 
 short distance above its mouth, and so 
 the waters of these two lakes really 
 iiow into Lake Winnipeg through the 
 channel or mouth of tha' i ver. To- 
 gether these two lakes at two hun- 
 dred and twenty miles from north to 
 south with many beautiful bays and 
 smaller connecting lakes. The great- 
 est breadth of Lake Manitoba is 
 twenty-four miles and cf Lake Winn- 
 epegosia, twenty miles. Uninterrup- 
 ted navigation is obtainable between 
 these two lakes. Some twenty five 
 iviles riown the eastern shore of Lake 
 Winnipeg at Fort Alex \nder the 
 
 WINNIPEG Rl/EB 
 
 enters the lake. This is a large 
 stream, it being the ouMet of Balny 
 Lake, Lake of the Woods, in fact the 
 entire country neariy through to 
 Thunder Bay on Lake Superior and 
 embraces in its basin the greatest 
 watered portion of theentire continent 
 
 - I 
 
 save only that of th« gtifttUkes them- 
 selvta. Its sornery U gnnA and pio- 
 tureaqne. It Is a stream of oa«oiulc« 
 and waterfalls, fHlllng during its 
 course of 136 to 150 miles from the 
 Lake of the Woods nearly 6U0 feet. 
 This river with thd lakea and streams 
 connected with It was the highwiiy or 
 water way over which those hard. 
 French Guiadian voyagers for mora 
 than 100 years carried on their *.ra tile 
 between £he waters of Lake Superior 
 and their trading posts on the Red, 
 Satkaiohewaii and other struauis to 
 'he west and south through to the Pa- 
 clUo. They form to-dey a part of the 
 
 DAWSOA ROUTE 
 
 which begins at Thunder Bay going 
 west over the same series of small 
 lakea and streams to the west shore of 
 the Lake of the Woods, where Instead 
 ef continuiuK down Winnipeg River, 
 up the lake and up Red Hi ver, it leav «■ 
 the I.iake of the Woods and by wagon 
 road goes direct to Winnipeg or Ft. 
 Garry, 126 miles distant. On tnls ro"te 
 to-day eleven small steamers take the 
 place of the batteaux of those early 
 voyagers in the waters between the 
 cMffurent purtages, while good connect- 
 ing roads have been built where nec- 
 essary. This route was opened 
 through by the Canadian government 
 intSTOand has since been kept in op- 
 eration by the government, open to 
 travel r.nd transportation generally. 
 Though 'tis perhaps but natural to ex- 
 pect, it never has become a much pat- 
 roni'.ed route, as against continuing on 
 Lake Superior to Duluth, the North- 
 ern FadficI and St. Paul & Pacific 
 to Winnipeg. Slill the opportunity 
 has existed and at low rates fixed 
 by the Canadian government, which 
 is to-day expending larse amounts 
 in bnilding locks in Rainy Biver 
 for steamers to still further im- 
 prove it. Again, through this same 
 section the Canadian Pacific Bailway 
 has its line located aud most of it un- 
 der contract, with some 225 miles 
 graded and the iron down at least 100 
 miles of it, while at Thunder Bay aud 
 Winnipeg is piled up the steel rails, 
 fish plates, bolts and spikes enough for 
 the entire distance. So that soon the 
 whistle of the locomotive will be 
 heard th;ough those wilda that for the 
 last 160 years knew only the songs and 
 shouts of the "Goureurs Des Bois." 
 
 But returning to Manitoba again, I 
 would say, that between Lake Winni- 
 peg, Manitoba and Winnepegosis, the 
 country is generally a forest, as it is 
 generally around the shores of all 
 these lakes, also along the streams en- 
 tering into them. Along the 
 Assinneboine are heavy timber belts, 
 especially on its south bank wbicb,with 
 that along the Bed, already spoken of. 
 Bid the generally timbereo uplands of 
 tl Biding and Pdmbina mountains, 
 need only protection agaiust praine 
 fires to increase it largely; white 
 coal is known to exist in the Riding 
 and Pembina mountains. So it will be 
 seen that the 
 
 WOOD AND WATBB SUPPLY 
 
 is ample for all present and future 
 wants of the Province— while as yet 
 Manitoba is drawing but little on her 
 own fuel reacurces as moat at present 
 is rafted down the Bed river from the 
 States. 
 
 THE SOIL 
 
 of the Province belngmainly of the rich 
 black alluvium of the Bed and Assin- 
 neboine Valleys, from four to eight and 
 even twelve feet deep, is unsurpassed 
 in fertility even by that of the t'amouf 
 Valley of the Nile, while that of its 
 gentle uplands is of a quick rich loam. 
 
 ■m 
 
ii. In fM^ I do not bellev« th«r« !• k 
 m/ single acre of poor land in tb<i Prov- 
 ' Inoe. 
 
 TH« PBODOCTIONS. 
 
 of this coantry are large and Taried 
 enough to show tbat it ponesaea un- 
 maal wealth ol boII. From the returna 
 it laat years croiw the following 
 showing was reaohed, although 
 lessened by various cause, frem 
 that of previous vears, snnie of 
 which were local anu some general, 
 but mostly peculiar to that year. 
 Among these were the very heavy 
 rains that naught the wheat just as it 
 was ripening, flie following yields 
 per acre was the showing mado as 
 above named : Whi*at from 25 to US 
 busbelB, average S2% bu.; Barley 40 to 
 46, average 42% bu.L, Oats 40 to 60, 
 average r<l bu. ; Peas 29 to 35, average 
 9i}i bu. ; Potatoes average 220 bu.; 
 Turnips 0U2 bu. 
 
 Though these reports may all be 
 true, I am aatiatled that on wheat at 
 least, they are too hl^h fcr a full aver- 
 age of the Province, for they had vary 
 bad weather for their wheat harvest, 
 and from a general inquiry made per- 
 sonaliy, 1 judge 20 l ushels as nearer a 
 Provircial wheat average, though I 
 have nothing tending to reduce the 
 average of the other grains and deem 
 that they may Ih. correct, as they ma- 
 ture rather earlier than wheat. The 
 rest average I predict rather under 
 than over the usual yield. Aside from 
 the above enumerations, individual 
 cases are not rare in this same Fection 
 of wheat yielding «<0 bushels irom one 
 bushel of seed ; 100 bushels of oats to 
 the ;>cre have also been raised, and 
 barl^ as high as 60 bushels, weighing 
 from 50 to 55 pounds to the busheL 
 This I am ready to believe, for all of 
 these grains are of great weight. Po- 
 tatoes have yielded as high as 600 
 bushels to the acre and! oi a quality 
 unsurpassed, as are all the root crops. 
 Turn.ips liave yielded as high as IWO 
 bushels per acre, ijOo;to 700 being quite 
 common. Oom does very well nere 
 though not made much of a crop. 
 FlaA and hemp do well here, but there 
 being as yet no market, eltherl for 
 home use or exp(.t, owing to present 
 high freights, but little is raised. 
 
 TAME QBA88BS 
 
 do splendidly, particularly timothy 
 and herdsgrass, though the native 
 grass is good enough, either for feed- 
 ing or lawn purposes. In fact the 
 light autumn rains do not soak outthe 
 nutritive properties of the native 
 ... griMs, and in winter tha cattle will 
 
 ^jij turn from the hay ricks to eat the 
 
 naturally ripened grass underneath 
 the light snow-falls of this section. 
 Cabbages grow to an enormous size 
 and mature quickly, so do cauli- 
 flower and celery; the latter being 
 large, whiteand fine-flavored. Cucum- 
 bers, onions and rhubarb attain great 
 perfection and ii»!d. Lettuce grows 
 withacrlspness mrpassed. Melons 
 and tomatoes dc ell, particularly the 
 latter. Wild b. ; grow in profusion 
 about the lakr ^nd streams, are in 
 general use ai. ug the settlers and 
 havs* also been successfully used by 
 the local brewers. But of the products 
 of the soil 
 
 WHEAT IS KINO. 
 
 The amount raised In the Province 
 last year was about 1,100,000 bushels, 
 of a general average of 63 pounds to 
 the bushel, while large Selds were 
 raised in which the average weight 
 was even more than this. One field 
 had a straight average of 68 pounds to 
 the bushel and another 9eld of 2,000 
 bushels averaged 60 pounds, producing 
 
 R. QBRRIfi & CO.'S STORE. Seepage 27. 
 
 46 and 42j[ pounds of flour to the bushel. 
 The wheat, bushel for bushel.produces 
 a much larger per cent of middlings 
 or "patent process" than the wheat of 
 Minnesota. This is the peculiar rrop- 
 erty of the Minnesota spring wheat, 
 which has already given the flour of 
 that State the supremacy in the eastern 
 t;;tatf-a and on the London murket, 
 making it in that city in price the peer 
 of the flour of any country or mills 
 that are brought to that great 
 
 CENTBAL MARKET OF THE WORLD. 
 
 Large as was the amount produced 
 last year, considering the agricultural 
 age and high priced export facil- 
 ities, save to tne surrounding and 
 newer portions west, it is enough to 
 supply the home demand, a.^ well 
 as considerable for seed and ship- 
 ment; but the increased acre- 
 age and present flue prospects go 
 to show a large increase over last years 
 products. The same may be said cf 
 other crops. Though only a few small 
 shipments of wheat and flour have yet 
 been made to the Can^ian markets 
 from Manitoba, still they have been 
 siiflicient to give established quota- 
 tions over the wheat from any other 
 section and they will readily take any 
 surplus this Province may have in the 
 coming years. Though it is seeming- 
 ly cut off from the markets of the 
 States, by the fociish tariff put on by 
 the United States of 20 cents per bu., 
 gold, still its great weight and superi- 
 ority have attracted the attention of 
 the Chicago and Milwaukee wheat 
 dealers to "grade up" the poorer wheat 
 
 of more Sonthern localities that comes 
 to those cities for a market. So there 
 is no doubt but that as the proper rail- 
 way and other sbipcing faciluies are 
 opened (for Manitoba is uearer lake 
 navigation at Buluth than Kansas is 
 to Chicago) the wheat of Manitoba will 
 go largely to those markets in the 
 States, even though this high and un- 
 just tariff is rot done away with. 
 
 It would seem that 
 
 But, while according so much space 
 to wheat, enough has been given to 
 show tbat 
 
 MIXED FARMING 
 
 is fully remunerative, that all kinds of 
 cereals are sure, woile vegetables 
 yield almost fabulously and of iJESur- 
 pasbed excellecce. Data enough have 
 been given and are easily attainable to 
 show that one need not fear to plant 
 in this generous soil any cereal or veg- 
 etable urop, as the general iuccess is 
 undoubtea. There is nc section where 
 grains of all kinds yield so bountiful- 
 ly, and the crc ps, year after year, so 
 uniformly full. Herein lies the great 
 
 BXCRET OF 8DC0E88FUL BUSBANDBT. 
 
 Profitable amounts raised every year. 
 The crop products heretofore spcKen 
 of have oeen these raised in Manitoba, 
 but this fact wants to be borne in 
 mind: that the further westward you 
 go up the valley of the Saskatehewan, 
 the earlier are the springs and longer 
 the seasons. Settlements that have 
 already gone in that section sustain 
 this assertion, while tho productive- 
 
(Ul 
 
 in 
 
 tbat comes 
 So there 
 )roper rall- 
 ciliiies aie 
 earer lake 
 Kansas is 
 nltoba will 
 ^ets in the 
 zb and un- 
 with. 
 
 auch space 
 given to 
 
 111 kinds of 
 vegetables 
 of ansur- 
 ough have 
 tainableto 
 to plant 
 eal or teg- 
 iuocesa i» 
 tlon where 
 bountifol- 
 er year, so 
 s the great 
 
 7SBANDRT. 
 
 every year, 
 ire spcKen 
 Maiutoba, 
 borne In 
 ^ward you 
 atchewan, 
 and longer 
 that have 
 )n sustain 
 rodtctive- 
 
 oess of the noil there is unqnMtioned. 
 It Is a question If 
 
 BTOOK RAISING 
 
 \t not as legltlruate a fikrmtng crop as 
 oerealsard notanpttcial branch as many 
 Mjm to think. It iH the uniform rnoord 
 of all the graHi hopi>er ittriokep ^ectlon^ 
 ia thv) newer paru of the wi<*t that 
 those f umers who were [MMwemed of a 
 few lead of oows, swine, etc , escaped 
 mnoh of the privation, iiardAlitp and 
 destitution that was ttic jmrtlon of their 
 neighbors, who tiad co>iflne<l their la- 
 bors to the raining of crops only. In 
 ftMJtitlsa question whether in a few 
 yebrs It will not be proved that the 
 
 BSAL WEALTH 
 
 of w I at are now the front er bettle- 
 ment^ In the States, has not been in- 
 creased and made more piTinutent by 
 and through the visitatlou of this 
 scourge ana the Ibshouh ttmt have t)e<jn 
 taught, dhowing conclusively to the 
 mttlers, the great lack of practical wis- 
 dom in placing their whole dependence 
 upon any one kind of producti. It is 
 the well known oommcu ermr of most 
 pioneers, and for that matter of oMer 
 settlers, too, to make wheat their main 
 stay, wn en It is espesially sensitive to 
 any of the many dangers of climate, 
 bvasons, etc., that are around the nath 
 of new comera in evei-y section. While 
 in this climate and Province, and away 
 through the great Northwest l)eyond 
 here, 
 
 STOCK RAISING IB A CERTAINTY. 
 
 Tiaere is ona fact about one of the most 
 8ea8itive,delioate domestic auiniuU the 
 farmer gathers a^out him, viz, the 
 sheep. It is now over 40 years since 
 sheep were first brought to the Red 
 River, and as yet no case of disease at- 
 tacking them, has ever been koown. 
 whUe their wool is of a very (inequali- 
 ty, yielding from six to eight pound I 
 fleeces A'om weathers and trom two to | 
 tluree and one half pounds from ewes. 
 Swine present the same recor^^. of J 
 healthrulness here. While tlie report 
 of the H:,ati8ticiaa of the United States i 
 Department of Agriculture, in Wash- ! 
 ington, made < he 29th of May 1877, j 
 Bhowa that losses of swine by disease in i 
 theU. 8. durir: the previous 12 months, | 
 were 4,000,000 of all ages, and of a i 
 money value of more thau |20,000.000, 
 the same being equivalent to one 'hird 
 of the sum of the exporti^ of pork pro- 
 ducts of that yeir, and I do not know 
 that it was an uausually sickly year 
 among them either. 
 
 THE NATIVB CATTLE 
 one sees here, particularly the beef cat- 
 tle are very fine and large, the Steers 
 i^tilng a full half larger than those of: 
 Texas and fully up to the size of those j 
 in the older States and Provinces. Th-jy i 
 are very hardy and are used generally > 
 on the road, instead of horses, in draw- 1 
 ing th9 trains that g > out all through i 
 the great Seskatchewan and Peace 
 River disvrict, I'HK) to 1500 miles. 
 
 They are iruch quicker walkers 
 than ho'ses, and their feet being 
 larger, |they are less liable 'to 
 mire in crossing streams and 
 sloughs. They require lees care and 
 have more strength; easily drawing 
 loads of 1000 pounds each, day after 
 day. They artf never yoked together, 
 but each harnessed bIuzIv, draw the 
 li^ht Red River carts wnfch are made 
 without a particle of iron. When used 
 by the farmers for agricultural purposes 
 they are sometimes yoke<l together, but 
 the great mass of Ihem are used for 
 travelling, which they do with no feed 
 bat the wild grass. During their whole 
 
 llvM they do not know the tASte of an^ 
 kind of grain, while in Winter they are 
 ■eldoia sheltered or fed except when 
 there are extra heavy snowfalls.though 
 
 { they do thei require more or less feed- 
 
 I Ing and some shelter. 
 
 THE HORSES 
 
 ' tbat know the Inside of a stabV during 
 wlnt«T except in the larger settlements, 
 •ire very few, in fact It la so near the 
 custom, that It is but the truth to say 
 that they are never fed the winter 
 through, but stable and IwarJ them- 
 selves. 
 
 They are not as one would natur,«lly 
 suppose "little rats of things," like thoH« 
 of New Mexico, and the HouthweHt gen- 
 erally, but good ftir Hixed horHes. I 
 have seen thsm coming into Winnipeg 
 iu Trader's Trains that have been con- 
 tinually on the road for 72 days, yet 
 have never seen a rtr^ily poor horse 
 among them. They too, like the ox 
 have no fee<l but the wild grass : no 
 grain in any form being fe<l them. Toe 
 iiorties and cattle of this section are 
 
 NOT A MONORKL BAOB 
 
 as it would seem natural from their lo- 
 
 cation they would be, for mare than i water coune, 
 
 theatj ooming years. It should be found 
 that in « 
 
 BILIOIHI AMD FTILMONARV •ODTH 
 this a)ught-for Eden of man, sh'^uld 
 be found, why then yon might l)e right, 
 but in the meantime, while this grand 
 human exi>erimei:t Is oeliig Irletl, It 
 would seem t^t tte wisest for the present 
 at least, to '^\ tb%'. a section where 
 a^je, consumption, and nioHt of the 
 great human deytroylng fevcrH are un- 
 known, will do very well -i come to. 
 bringing your families, stock, or ir 
 empty handetl, your hot>es and energy 
 ancfhere, if one cannot in the mean- 
 time latisty himself by his own Judg- 
 ment, patiently wait the ivsues others 
 may make In tiie Southern latitudes. 
 
 SETTLEMENT 
 
 came into the Province slowlyr aa 
 »forea«ld, until 1872. Since ihen it has 
 every year been InoreMlng. Tlie llrst 
 settlers tieine French Canadians, 
 brought with tn«>m from Lower Cana- 
 da, uieir peculiai form, of dividing 
 land In laying out their settlements, 
 which they always made along some 
 
 fifty years ago stallions of the best blood 
 ' then known in England were importe^i 
 1 here, by the way of liudHoa Bay, Nel- 
 son River, and Lake Winnipeg, at a 
 cost and expense of as higli as 810,000. 
 Fine Durham Hulls were also brought 
 I the same way. and never since tlien hatt 
 the Province ioeen without Sires of the 
 I beat beef and hoise blood obtainable 
 \ any where. 
 
 I saw only five miles from Winni- 
 j peg at Silver Heights on the stock 
 { wva. of the Hon. James McKay, 
 I a herd of 140 Qeldings, mares and 
 ; cjlts, sired by as flae and clear, 
 straight blooded stallions as can be 
 founo In the whole Mississippi val- 
 ley, from Its source to the sea, that nev- 
 er yet In winter have seen the Inside of 
 a stable or received a measure or fork- 
 full of feed. The same U the case -\t 
 all the trading posts and smaller set- 
 tlements from Winnipeg to the Rocky 
 Mountains, and up in the great and 
 magnificent valleys of the Athabasca 
 and Peace rivers extending to the 
 Northwest, up to and beyond latitude 
 68 north and longitude 120 wost from 
 Greenwich. 
 
 GREAT HUMAN EX- 
 PERIMENT. 
 
 How do these fscts tally with the 
 universally claimed assertion of those 
 kind hearted, well posted ones who say 
 If you want to raise stock you must go 
 south ; but not to this section ? They 
 will so patronizingly laugh at any one 
 who diners with them and say, why 
 my dear sir, the trouble is, you will 
 have to feed them so long in winter 
 that they will eat their heads off. 
 Well, gentlemen, I do not heeitate to 
 predict, that when in after years, this 
 great Northwest becomes better known 
 to you, you will find that this will then 
 be generaUy admitted, as a fundamen- 
 tal law of animal nature, that where 
 man thrives in the greatest vigor and 
 reaches the highest pnysloal and men- 
 tal excellence, there will the animals 
 created by an All Wise Creator, for 
 man's use and assistance, reach their 
 greatest natural perfection.* If, in 
 
 >It U well known tbat » few years since, so 
 [(tetx was the low and wide spread tbe disease 
 (Dtroducf d In the Western and Northern Otates 
 by the passage tbrough them of Texas cattle 
 that by many of their State legislatures lans 
 wirs passed prohibiting the transportation 
 thmuKli those States of eattle from Texas, except 
 under verj' stringent regulations, Ohio was one 
 
 The water frontatre waa divided in- 
 to BO many hundreds of feet to each 
 family, but running back two miles 
 making a speeiQo title of two miles 
 back and a claim or privilege of two 
 miles more er a continuous debth] of 
 four miles. Such was the form of 
 
 LAND TITLES 
 
 in this Province at the time of the 
 organization of the Dominion Land 
 Department for the Province in 1878. 
 There were Parish < iranizatlons ex- 
 ten*' in^ most of tht^ way along the 
 Hed river from the Stutes, nearly to 
 Its mouth, some 75 miles and about 
 the same distance up the Assinne- 
 bolne. Those on the Red River going 
 down from the south, north were St. 
 Agathe. St. Norbet, St. Vital, St. Boni- 
 face; east and weet Winripeg, St 
 .John, Kildonan, St. Paul, St. Andrew; 
 south and north St. Clements and St. 
 Peter. Those on the As:iinneboine, 
 going from the east, west being St. 
 Jaaes, St. Charles, Headingly, St. 
 Francois Xavler, Bale St. Paul, Poplar 
 Point, High Bluff, and Portage La 
 Prairie. From Winnipeg down the 
 river nearly through the Parish of St. 
 Peter some 26 miles it was quite 
 thickly settled, while up the river set- 
 tlements we.e more scattered. Up 
 the Asslnneboine -hey are now almost 
 continuous. 
 
 At the same time that these old setp 
 tlement claims were allowed, there 
 were reservations amounting to 1,400,- 
 000 acres set apart to extinguish half 
 breed claims of various kinds. By 
 some, the setting apart of somaon 
 land£i;r 
 
 THE HALF-BREED GRANTS 
 
 is ocDsidered a drawback to the Pro- 
 vince as tliey were choice lands and in 
 the central part of the Province. I do 
 not think so; rather the reverse, aa 
 but few of them retain the lands so 
 given, but sell them at mere nominal 
 figures, as fast aa the various allot- 
 ments are made personally to them, 
 as thuir right or title to their portion 
 of the reservation are passed upon by 
 the government. In 1876 the allot- 
 ments begun to be made. As they 
 have continued to be made every 
 month or two, it is found that 
 neariy all sell them. In very rare 
 
 o( the states paaslnR this cattle law. Inisnshe 
 soflered a lo« of thousands of dollars by disease, 
 wSloh they were unable tosurpress.lntroduoedDT 
 a dro'/e of Texas cattle, whlon In transit tbrouga 
 that State were allowed or took privileges not 
 permitted by law. 
 
u. 
 
 ■ome on« reUini bU drawtiDgi. 
 Oenerally they nut onlv Mil th«>m «t 
 oncfl bat offer thme of their clilldren, 
 or minor olalma u they are callrd. 
 Th^we olatmt have been and are now • 
 f»Torlte form of inveatment and tpw)* 
 ulatlon, aa the prloea at. which they «n 
 Mold make the lind ooat mud. Icuptr 
 acre not only than the Dominion bill | 
 of one dollar, but also below thato' 
 railroad lands in the United .^3t«taa 
 which have been purchased In such 
 large blocks by means t>f their depr«- 
 cla^^ bonds which the railroadn tak«< 
 In payment for their lands. There Ib 
 a great deal of money being mad«ln 
 these half-breed claims. 
 
 TtlK IMDU0KMBNT8 
 
 whicli the Dominion government 
 offers to settlers coming In colonies, 
 are very much more Iil>era1 than can 
 be made by the United .States govern- 
 ment, as the Stutes have but one price 
 •1.2fi if not within a railroad grant, 
 and S2,5U per acre if within a grant. 
 The extra inducements offered by the 
 Djminion government have been im- 
 proved by 
 
 THE MBNNONITRS 
 
 (German Quakers from Southern Ro>- 
 sia) who took a grant of eight i/wn- 
 sbipa on the easi of thd Red Uiverbe- 
 elninr some 18 miles from the south 
 line of the province. This Is known 
 u the Hat River settlement. They 
 have also taken another grant of 11 
 townithips on the west side of the Red 
 Blver, seven of the townships being 
 directly on the south boundary line. 
 Some 8,000 of these peaceable, thrifty 
 working people have already reached 
 this province and are settled in their 
 own homes. They are all workers, 
 men.women and children; no drones 
 among them. Being of these thrifty 
 working habits it is but natural that 
 they succeed. They are the most de- 
 sirable foreigners that have come to 
 this country in years. Most of them 
 have more or less money and some are 
 quite wealthy. In 1875 a delegation 
 visited this province 
 
 FROM ICELAND 
 
 and made selections by special ar- 
 rangement with the Dominion govern- 
 ment, of several townships on the 
 west side of Lake Winnipeg. In 
 1876 some 1,500 of them came out to 
 Manitoba, and now in their own 
 homtiB are thriving as they never did 
 in their native island. 
 
 THE n. B. COMPANY, 
 
 aooording to the terms of their sale 
 are allowed two sections of 040 acres 
 each, in every township. A township 
 consists of 36 sections or a tract of 
 'and six miies Fquare; the plans of 
 land surveys in Manitoba and ttb« 
 
 m 
 
 west are extinguished by the rtaerve 
 made in Manitoba. 
 
 TRB HALr-BlinDa. 
 
 A few kind words are due the Half 
 Brecdii, of which there are many thou- 
 sands scattered through this svti 
 
 the large portion of course lielng in 
 this I'rovince. They are as a class 
 very peaceable and reliable. Many of 
 them are well educated and 'told high 
 positions. Thev are proverbially 
 trusty, lifanv of their daughters arr 
 well married to gentlemen in good 
 business and ofllcial places. Home ere 
 of great beauty, and in their marriage 
 relations are contiull*'d by as tlnesense 
 of duty as their whi^e sisters of the 
 same Mocial position, to say the least. 
 There seem to be two kinds of 
 half breeds, one inheriting the 
 roving disposition of their Indian 
 mother, the other more naturally fol- 
 lowing the civilized instincts of their 
 fathers; the former beconr. lug hunters, 
 voyagers, etc, the latter preterr.ng 
 the more settl<«i ways or civilijation. 
 It Is very seldom that they are cruel 
 and harsh, though they may be im- 
 provident. On the contrary they are 
 all of them usually very mild man- 
 nered. There is no reason to do;ibt 
 but that the success of the llritish and 
 Canadian Government in their Indian 
 management, both in the old as well 
 as the new Irovinces. Is due to the 
 friendly offices aud influence of these 
 half-breeds, for almost to a man, when 
 It o jmes down to a choice between In- 
 dian or Whites, thev are for the whites 
 every time. The United States has 
 never in its Indian management had 
 the friendly influence of this large 
 favorable intermediate class, speaking 
 both the Indian and civilized langu- 
 ages, but it has had to meet and treat 
 with the Indians through agents, who 
 were neither familiar with their lan- 
 guage or habits, hence their disadvan- 
 tage and consequent trouble in com- 
 parison with the English Government 
 and Canada. I am not prepared to 
 admit that the Government of *ha 
 United States as a government, laa 
 been a whit behind the British in lib- 
 erality or good faith to the Indians, 
 but I do admit, that as a Government 
 it has been, as Tvell us the Indian, 
 swindled outrageously, by the forced 
 employment of agents, who were true 
 to neither party or interest ; false to 
 the ludian oecause of ignorance, and 
 to the Government, because of such 
 generftl Ignorance they had a chance, 
 and farther because they intended to 
 be unfaithful to begin with. Useful 
 as theee half breeds have been to civi- 
 lization in the past and present, they 
 have still a future mission, which they 
 will fulfill '•qually as well, and that is 
 
 Northwest being the same as thVpab: ^? tnmlnmoTvkXi'^ImL^o^^^^^^ 
 lie lands in the United States. Besides ! jfiryalfe^s^^nhe* M"uS„"%'nd 
 
 :i 
 
 the 
 down the sunny western slopas to the 
 Pacific. A knowledge of the existence 
 of such a trusty vanguard, gives me 
 faith to believe that this march will 
 rfo steadilv and continuously forward, 
 free from the great retarding influence 
 the States have h3re had to meet in 
 carrying westward the 
 
 STAR OF CIVILIZED EMPIRE. 
 
 the two sections to the II. B. Company, 
 two sections are set apart in each 
 township for public school purposes, 
 the same as in the United States. 
 These are all 
 
 THE OREAT Rl^SKRVES 
 
 set apart in the province of Manitoba 
 that jaany, unfavorably disposed, nse 
 as arguments against the chance of 
 
 Setting good lands there. Outside of 
 lanitoba there are none of these re- But to return to the settlement 
 serves, except tbe H, B, Company's question, besides these old settlements 
 and the school lands, or such as may i that were in existence in '78, there 
 hereafter, by special arrangement i have beep others made in the province 
 with the government, De net apaix to : Hiuce, such as Sunuy Side, Springfield, 
 settling communities. So that the \ Grassmere, Emerson, etc., etc. 
 argument often mad.j that the best ' Other jdaces in the Province lay 
 lands in this section are locked uplu i claim to diHtinction as beingr first a 
 reserves, falls to the ground. All the I central point, the location of mills, etc., 
 half breed claims In the entire fTirth- ' and almost before one can realize It, 
 
 town* of oonelderable Impottanos. Of 
 ttilsolaaa tr^y \m nienlloued 
 
 PORTAGE LA PRAIRIB. 
 
 This town, the lesldeuoeof Joaeph 
 Hyan, Kmj., M. P., who la m w aervla/ 
 his MKMuiu term in the Domlulou Par- 
 liament at Ottawa, Is HituaiMl alniut 76 
 mile) west of Winnl|)eg In a mtist mag 
 niflceiit(!4>untry. Itlsonthe ABstupboln 
 Hive> <»nd la the bead of the preeent 
 Hyat«-in of navigation on that river. It 
 Is cunnectrd by it regular line of boaU 
 wltli Winnipeg. By a small outlay 
 navigation cuuld be ao Impr.tved that 
 boats could run several huiid.Ml nall'.a 
 of river dlMtance beyond the Portjtge. 
 The great highway U) the Norlhwwt 
 Territory runs through this place. It 
 win undoubtedly l>n«ome the capital 
 or shire town of the oountv of the came 
 name, a<i it la already the leading town 
 In the county, as is liiso 
 
 GLADSTONE, 
 situated on the banks of the White 
 Mud River, 18 mlUs from Lake Mani- 
 toba, t4> which It Is navigable. At this 
 polut Is a substantial bridge aoroM li^he 
 above river, over which passes the 
 gr^at hlghwav to the Sasiatohewan 
 country- and oeyond. Its l<Kiatlmi in 
 the county of Westbourne, of which It 
 Is the capital, Is central. It alreedy 
 has one steam saw mill aud mat^hlne 
 shop, where floori.i^, siding, lath and 
 shingles are mar ufactured. Spruce 
 aud other timber abounds In the vicin- 
 ity. Another saw mill, a short distance 
 north, Increases the local supply of 
 lumber. Here also Is a steam grist 
 and flouring mill, one of the largest 
 and best In the province A fomoer 
 small one here was burned last sum- 
 mer. Two blacksmith's shops, three 
 general stores, two boot and shoe 
 maker's shopc, one tin and stove store, 
 a wagon and sleigh factory, a cheese 
 factory, county hall, hotels, churches, 
 school houEes, and a nunober of ne«t 
 residences, give It an air of businesB, 
 comfort anu growth. It Is one of the 
 great Haskatctiewan mail stations, and 
 for a considerable time was a depot 
 snd station of the Northwest Mounted 
 Police. This fine body of military po- 
 1 oe are now moved out of and to the 
 west of the province, with stations to 
 the base of the Rocky Mountains. A 
 weekly newspaper is being started 
 here. The railway facilities of this 
 place promise to be of the best, it being 
 the present intended terminus of the 
 Manitoba Western Railway, for the 
 construction of which the county last 
 year (1878) made provi«on for granting 
 a bonus of $150,000. This place Is a 
 natural point for any system of rail- 
 ways passing south ot Lake Manitoba 
 ana east of the Riding Mountoina. 
 The original survey for the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway was through here. 
 The town has just been incorporated. 
 The energy, enterprise, development 
 aud spirit of progress which is general 
 through this county, and which are 
 especially shown in this new town, 
 must make U not only a favorite place 
 for a settleuent, but also for invest- 
 ment. Iiots which sold here only a 
 few years since at $10 have recently 
 changed hands at $100 and upwards. 
 
 Full information concerning this 
 county and point nr ay be bad of Hon. 
 C. P. Brown, Provincial Secretary of 
 the Province, at Winnipeg, who is a 
 resident of Gladstone, aud who will 
 doubtless see that her legislative and 
 other intereets are not n^lected. 
 MORRI8. 
 
 This young, thriving town is ritu- 
 ated on the west side of the Red River, 
 
KDM. Of 
 
 IIB. 
 
 f JoMph 
 
 iilon rar- 
 I about 76 
 ami mM 
 Mlu)*boiD 
 e proaant 
 rtver. It 
 »or boKta 
 ai outlay 
 ived th»t 
 l.«l mH*.a 
 I'ortAge. 
 4orihweat 
 plane. It 
 i« capital 
 rthaiame 
 ding town 
 
 he Whit* 
 Eike Matil- 
 
 ». Atthla 
 aoroM the 
 >iiMHe8 tba 
 
 (MMtloU lu 
 
 >r whloh It 
 It already 
 J ma^jbine 
 ;, lath and 
 <lpruoe 
 I the vloln- 
 irt distance 
 supply of 
 teata grist 
 the largest 
 A former 
 last Bum- 
 lops, three 
 and shoe 
 stove store, 
 y, a cheeee 
 , churches, 
 berof neat 
 >f business, 
 one of the 
 alious, and 
 as a depot 
 jt Mounted 
 nilitary po- 
 and to the 
 stations to 
 intains. A 
 ng started 
 168 of this 
 »t, It being 
 inus of the 
 »y, for the 
 county last 
 \}i granting 
 place is a 
 em of rail- 
 ) Manitoba 
 Mountidns. 
 ) Canadian 
 )ugh here, 
 oorporated. 
 3velopment 
 :i is general 
 which are 
 new town, 
 rorlte place 
 for invest- 
 ere only a 
 re recently 
 upwards, 
 irning this 
 lad of Hon. 
 ecretary of 
 I, who is a 
 I who will 
 Islative and 
 acted. 
 
 wn is situ- 
 Red lUver, 
 
 n mUea snath of Wlnolprg, rear the 
 northern boundary of tne ooiinty of 
 Provenaher. The town, (xtuslating of 
 alwut thirty l)oua<>a. In built mi the 
 high prairie. H<iratflhlnK Hlver, snan- 
 ned by a subitHntlal bridge, (lows 
 through the towu site, wbtcb hitii l>e<>n 
 laid out In Townnlilits TIo. 4 and n, 
 Jtange 1 Kast, atN>ut 800 acres having 
 tieen surveywl Into town lots— aio 
 aorea of which are the property of Mr. 
 Wm. Oalle, a most enerirefln man. 
 Th«r<>malnliig lOO acre*. In T. f>, Ih the 
 property of (Vdonel Kennwly, Itegla- 
 trar, efo. The principal street, running 
 east anc* west from the It«<i Ilivor, Is 
 the dividing line between the town- 
 ships. The stagf and telegraph road 
 from Winnipeg runs through the ceu- 
 Ue of the town, and Is the main bufil- 
 DSM street running north and south. 
 The place has three (rftn»r«i "tores, two 
 of them occupy iuK »eat l>rlok build- 
 ings, two ai^iicultiiral Implement es- 
 tabllshmenu, each having good grain 
 warehotises of RtMK) bunhelH storage ca- 
 pacity. Carruthers A I'liigle have a 
 good saw and grist mill, whei-e flour Is 
 sold at |2 2R per sack. 
 
 The Cana<la Methoillst Church Is a 
 flae edifice. Tlie Episcopal Methmtlsts 
 have a church and paraonage and i\ 
 good organ. Both of these denomina- 
 Uona l< > ve reatdent pastors. The Free- 
 Wterl 8 have a resident minister. 
 Tne latter, as well as the Church of 
 England, both intend the erection of 
 churches this summer. A literary so- 
 ciety has regular weekly meetings. 
 The Masons and Oud Fellows havt> 
 each an organized lo<lge. A sub tan - 
 tlal brick sch(K>l house accommodates 
 the children. The town has two good 
 hotels, the Riverside and Ward's. The 
 best of brick day, limestone and sand 
 abound here, showing it to Vte fi-.vored 
 in its building material, and the nuui- 
 ber of neat brick dwellings attest Its 
 oheapnees. Itscit'sens ardtlirilly. In- 
 dustrious, lnt«'lligeut and progre.ssive. 
 They are largely from Ontario. The 
 country west of Morris is a rich prairie, 
 well drained by the Boratohing River. 
 Two years a^o lees than a half dozen 
 builiings marked this location. Such 
 town.^ as these and others .«how how 
 ranidl/ this new Prairie Province is de- 
 veloping. 
 
 Besides these settlements in Mani- 
 toba, there are many new ones starting 
 up at the Qovemment and H. B. Com- 
 pany's posts, and other aaturally good 
 points along the Saskatchewan and its 
 cribntaries, as well as at interior 
 points. At present there are. Battle- 
 ford, the new capital of the north- 
 western territory, Forts Carlton, Pitt, 
 and Edmonton, also 8t. Albert, all on 
 the Saskatchewan. At the Latter a 
 fine steam saw, flour end grist mill is 
 proving a perfect mine of wealth to 
 Its owner. 
 
 THH POPULATION OF MANITOBA 
 
 may be safely put down at 85,000 to 
 40,000. No census having been taken 
 for several years, it is hard to say with 
 aoeuracy; but it is not less than the 
 first, nor more than the second num- 
 
 NAVIGATION. 
 
 The modern advance of civilization 
 differs in many respects from the old 
 in requiring some avenue of entrance 
 and comi]D'-.ulcation in which steam 
 can be en* ployed as the advancing and 
 home connecting power, in fact, no 
 settlement now-a^ays becomes a fixed 
 fact, a real subduing force, until, like 
 the Altar fires of the ancients, the 
 amoke and breath and the loud toned 
 ▼oic6 of the steam engine is seen aud 
 
 CANADIAN PACIFIC R ilLWAY OFFICE. See Page 16. ■ 
 
 heard by the pioneer, like the voice of 
 the good angel, the echoes of the far 
 off homeland. Its companionship has 
 become a necessity to toe settler. He 
 must see and feel the inspiring influ- 
 ence of its great strong untiring ai'i, 
 either in the mill, locomotive or steam- 
 boat, else his sei ne of isolation will 
 depress him. Energy, enterprise and 
 rosy hope will lose their inspiring in- 
 fluence the very moment bis simplest 
 physical necessities are supplied, un- 
 less he can receive bis daily inspiration 
 which the k"owledge of the near pres- 
 ence of tbift^reat fiery 
 
 ANOEL OF PROORB88 
 
 gives him. He must have it either 
 from some mill in sight or see the fly- 
 ing locomotive or swift gliding steam- 
 boat :n Its season. In some way he 
 must feel its presence and In his lone- 
 liness have Its companionship Plain, 
 mcTiotonous and almost stolid as — to 
 the uninitiated— the frontier settlerV 
 life may seem, he is really the most 
 imaginative of men. By bis isolation 
 from neighbors or active communities 
 he is left largely to his cwn thoughts, 
 and the opportunities which his very 
 surroundings give him suggest im- 
 provements and give birth to plans of 
 future developments. But he sees so 
 much to do, so much that must be 
 dtue before bis <deas can reach afnear 
 or even distant fruition th£t be is apt 
 to give it up as impossible, if he did 
 not see and feel that the untiring 
 
 friend of all his hopes was near him 
 and his. There is not a whistle of a 
 locomotive or a steamboat that sounds 
 across the prairies or thr?ugh the 
 forests of the land, but that cheers 
 some seemingly lonely soul with Its 
 inspiring sound; telling him to hurry, 
 for close behind, come neighbors, 
 scliools, churches and markets for all 
 he can produce, which wlUsecura him 
 independence and fulfillment of that 
 desire natural to the hearts of all true 
 men, v'',: complete self-ownersMp. 
 There is not a single click of the tele- 
 graph in any of the little wayside sta- 
 tions, even in the most seemingly out 
 of th» way places that does not enter 
 into and become a part of the pulsar 
 tion of progress. It was truly said 
 ceuturies apo that man does not live 
 and develop by bread alone. Of no 
 class Is this more true than the Pio- 
 neer. This great fact was truly shown 
 in the development of this Province. 
 For 60 years and more all the progress 
 that had been made, was only advanc- 
 ed to the eemi-nomadic or hunting 
 state, or at most, to a partially pastoral 
 condition. Although the All-Wise 
 bad laid out the great water courses, 
 the ready highways of navigaMon, all 
 through this great northwest, it was 
 not until the summer of 1859 that the 
 civilizing aiig6l 
 
 EMBODIED IN STEAM 
 
 first visited the Province, coming 
 down the Red River from the Slates, 
 
IWJ 
 
 In the ihape of th« stMunhnat " Annon 
 North uur The only motive power 
 invokMi hftretofore t<i atd nimi. w»a 
 wind nitlla. The englnea and uiachtn- 
 ery for this bout were brought aoroaa 
 the Hlati of MiiineeotB the previous 
 wtnter from the Upper MluiMlppt 
 above the Fall* of St. Anthony, wh«re 
 Mlnn«apollB now in. The luiul^nr for 
 her hull and iipi>f>r works wan lawed 
 out by one of her engine* where ihe 
 wtu built on the banki of the Bad 
 Blver in MlnoMota. 
 
 la/ paa- 1 
 
 ▲ ORBAT BOUND 05 JOT 
 
 filled the heart of the settlers, both 
 half breeds and whites at her api>ear- 
 anoa. The great want of the human 
 heart and mind was satisiimi and a 
 desire filled the hearts of both the 
 civilized white and the semi-nivUlzed 
 half hrefd, to be connected with the 
 great, proKreaslve, civilized world of 
 mankind, developed a yearning that 
 never wai satisfied, until the after 
 years gave them a regular communi- 
 cation with the pulsations of that 
 (rreater, higher rna better world from 
 which tliHy had 10 long been separated 
 and so desired to know. Although 
 that boat continued to make irregular 
 trips that season, she was acci('entally 
 sunk the following year. Hteam navl- 
 
 Sation on this river lacked a connect.- 
 ]g link, at that time, of nearly 600 
 milfls. The boat was never raised and 
 repaired, but her engines and machin- 
 ery were taken out and one of her 
 nnglnes was put in a mill that Is still 
 doing good service in the Province, 
 It was not until 1872 when thiBuiissing 
 link was supplied, by the building ci 
 the Northern racillc Railway from 
 Dnluth on Lake Huperior, to the Had 
 Blver, that steam* navigation began to 
 ran w'.th much regularity. 
 
 Since then the number of boats has 
 steadily incit-ased until there are now, 
 In the waters of the Province ani its 
 tributary trade, 
 
 A MiBET OF SEVENTEEN STBAUER8. 
 
 They are the International, Manitoba, 
 Dakota, Silkirk, Minneoota and four- 
 teen i)arge8 of 1800 tons capacity of the 
 Kittson or Red River Transportation 
 Co., which will run from the Northern 
 Pacific Railway, croasing the Red 
 Blver at Fargo, and from Fisher's 
 Landing, on the Red Lake River, the 
 terminus of a branch of the fit. Paul & 
 Pacific railway, on that river, down 
 the Red to Manitoba. The steamer 
 ■'Grandin," an Independant boat, own- 
 ed by the Qreat Qrandin Farm, ou the 
 Rod River, 80 milee below or north of 
 Fargo. The above are American boats 
 —and the "Alpha" and "Cheyenne,"' 
 of the Winnipeg and Western Trane- 
 portatlon;co.,running in t'ae Aiwineboln 
 and lower Red River,, together with 
 the Swallow, Prince Riipert, Keewatin, 
 Ellen and a new l)oat Just building, 
 which will also run in the lower Bed. 
 These are Canadian lioata, whll<) a boat 
 ia nearly finished to rau on Ls^e Man- 
 itola. 
 
 F»OPSI.IX)B "OOLVILLB," 
 
 that runs up Lake V/innlpeg to their 
 various posts and fornis a connection at 
 the mouth of the Sfiekatchewan with 
 their two river steamers, the Northcote 
 and Lilly, the latter a steel hull. These 
 twoboata are the l)ef;iniiingof a regular 
 line up ihe latter river. Beside the 
 above named boats two other boats 
 have l)een built, one for ihe Red River 
 called the "Mi^g!<> " now used ss s, 
 barge and the "Chi. Commissioner," 
 for the lake trade; the latter's m-Klel 
 being defective, fthe is now doing duty 
 aa a river wharf boat. Bo that in au 
 there are ""nd ha ve been some 19 steam- 
 
 em In theee waters. The regular pa*- 
 aeuger steameni of the tl^we linen are 
 ni<><l«l«i of LtfaiUy, H\w*ni and oonifort. 
 with otnuem wtio are geutl«ni«<ii aa well 
 a« thorough and •zperlenced boat- 
 men. 
 
 The Red River has 000 mUea of con- 
 tinuous navigation, though by land 
 direct, such iK^ing the tortuous coiirae 
 ot that strpam, the terminal points 1 
 (Miuld Ij« niK«le in aiNHit .'iOO mile*, i 
 H«hI'I«« ther« are Home 75 milee navl- 1 
 gatlon the season througa up tlie Red 
 Laku River. I^low tlie Junotion of 
 these two streams tliere are no oltstruo- 
 ttons to the navigation of the lie*! 
 lllver, except at extremely low water, 
 there lieing one or two troublesome 
 placee aliove Winnipeg and two iielow. 
 Tliewi placee lieiiig all in the Pmvince 
 and easily remeuitHl, they will no 
 doubt B<M)n receive the attention of the 
 Dominion Government. On the Red 
 River alxive the Red I^itke River are a 
 few plattes troublesome at !ow water 
 l)utaH the l]uit«<l Htatee Government 
 is already at work removing theee 
 ditfloulties, it is on?y a maiter of short 
 time, when navigation on this riVer 
 from the Northern Pacific railway 
 crossing, down into the Province at 
 any rate, will be free from any obstruc- 
 tion at any stage of water ye>. known 
 in the river. 
 Aa said ekiewhere the course of the 
 
 ABSINNEBOINB 
 
 through the Province is to the west, 
 and so '>outlnuee for some distance be- 
 yond iUi borders on and into tlie North- 
 west Territory, when it turuH almost 
 directly north. Its entire length Is 
 some 800 miles. 
 
 There could very easily be made 
 some 600 mllee of navigation through 
 the season on this stream with some 
 yerr slight improvem jnifl. The most 
 difldcult place is 30 niles up from its 
 juncture with the Rd River, which 
 can IM7 eaKlly and cheaply remedied, so 
 that navigation could be carried up 
 some 300 miles of river distance, as ft 
 is now during the high or spring 
 stage of water. This Improvement 
 would greatly benefit the Province, as 
 the settlements are almost continuous 
 for the first 100 miles from its mouth. 
 In its Northwest w)iii-He through the 
 Province it makes a Hiiarp bend to the 
 North, so that with some 9 miles of 
 easy canaling, navigation could ba 
 opened by this River and Canal tlirough 
 I^keH Manitoba and Winuipegoeis to 
 the Haskatchfcwan, above the Rapids 
 and so to the Rocky Mountains. That 
 this will be done, Is only a question of 
 time. About 75 miles up from where 
 ■the Assinueboine turns to the North, 
 the Qu'Appelle River enters it ; its 
 coarse is mostly westerly and extends 
 almost to the Bouth branch of the Sas- 
 katchewan. The protect of uniting 
 theee two streams is already broa<;he<l 
 (the distance betweer them heing only 
 a few miles,) and entirely feasible. The 
 Qu'Appelle must be fully as long as 
 the Assinneboine. Its valley is one of 
 great beautv and fertility, and quite 
 well woodeo most of its length. It fre- 
 quently enlarges into considerable 
 lakes, which are filled with the finest 
 fish, amon|; which are found the choice 
 white fish in great numl>ers. 
 
 At or very near the mouth of the 
 Saskatchewan, are rapids known as the 
 "Grand Raplas," that extend some 
 two and a half to three miles with a 
 total Ml of 43} feet. These are not 
 continuous but in series or sect'ons, 
 hence easy of improvement b st sys- 
 tem of looks, which will doul ess in 
 a few years be built by the Canadian 
 
 Ooverameni, aa the iiimtf^h of naviga- 
 tion ab<ivn iht<m In thl*rlv«riii Umi con 
 dderablo, uigratgatlng fully 2,nou inllea. 
 The H. H. ('ompany have built a 
 railway some four rollee in length 
 arounil these rapids. As yet the 
 
 n. B <:OMI>ANY'll HTRAMMKH 
 
 on the lake and the Hwikatf hewan 
 carry only the ottlcials or the eniployMi 
 of that <t4im|>any and th«lr own freight, 
 but I think I haseard notliiug in saying 
 that the great additional outlay in 
 building this railway, putting on cam, 
 etc , is not simply fiir the transporta- 
 tion of their own liuiiness, large aa it 
 is, but Is ratlier preliminary to the 
 
 OPENINO OF THAT ROIJTB 
 
 to general travel and trans}K)rtation, 
 which cannot f^ll of rapidly growing 
 to a trade of great profit. Tbit* river as 
 its name Implies vis: "Rapid Ituu- 
 ning Itlver," Is not to be comparfHi 
 with that of the MimlsHippl or Red 
 Rivers. For l)etween the nead of un- 
 interrupted navigation of the Missis- 
 sippi at Ht. Paul and the Oulf of Mexico 
 —a river distance of 2,200 mllue-the 
 fall is only 800 twt, and of tlie Red from 
 the Nortuern Pacific to Wlnnl{)eg, a 
 channel distance o' ROO miles, tlie fiill 
 is but 170 feet ; while In the Baekatche- 
 wan from Edmonton to Luke Winni- 
 peg, 1,200 miles by river the fall is 1,788 
 feel, or three times the rapidity of the 
 Mississippi or Red " I ver ourrents. Th« 
 Missouri Rl'«*r is more like it, hIUI in 
 the upper MlHsouri, above Bismark, the 
 pi-esent western terminus of the North- 
 ern Pacific, the most rapid point of that 
 river and up the Yellowstone River, 
 
 TWENTY-SEVEN STEAMERS 
 
 have been regularly running this 1 
 
 son, so there *8 no doubt but that both 
 branches of th« Saskatchevan trill 
 soon be open to navigation as the north 
 or lesser branch now in T n»frl«oted to 
 say that this ilv.i- !. one stream for 
 some 4fiO miles fr>m its mouth before 
 it divides into its two branches. To 
 give a better comprehensive idea of th« 
 size of this stream, I would say that 
 taking the length of the main stream 
 and its two brunches together it is only 
 some 360 miles shorter than the Nile. 
 A word aa to the steamers on this 
 
 Bt t'BB AND LAKE ROUTE 
 
 from Winnipeg. The Colville Is a new 
 and very staunch propeller, bulii more 
 like an 'mmense tug or small ocean 
 steamer, than like the propellorB of th« 
 treat lake.i. Her usual time flrom 
 Grand Rapids, at the Saskatchewan, 
 some 50 miles south of the foot or out- 
 let of the Idke to the '' lower fort," some 
 20 milee below Wlnnipe«^, a fiiU 276 
 miles including all stoppages at the H. 
 B Company's posts ou the lake, is 30 
 hours. The "Northcote" made her 
 first run this spring from alx>ve the 
 Grand Rapids to Fort E<lmonton and 
 return, with a ftill careo kioth ways in 
 30 days, a full river distance of 2,600 
 miles. This I presume was only day- 
 light running. 
 
 It was my good fortune to be one of a 
 large excursion party on the steamer 
 "Manitoba," that left Winnipeg on 
 the evening of the 3d of July, 1877 went 
 down Red River to Lake Winnipeg, 
 and returned next morning. The 
 Manitoba was the first pai^enger boat 
 that ever entered its waters. I will 
 waive saying anything here of the 
 thoughts that filled my mind daring 
 the time so spent. It was also my 
 privilege to see a few days after, 
 
 THE FIRST BBOATTA 
 
 ever held in the waters of the Provinoe. 
 The starting and "^luuing stakes were 
 
 : 
 
in t(Mi con- 
 ,noo rntlna. 
 B built ft 
 In length 
 th« 
 
 MKHR 
 (HtrhvWM) 
 
 I )>ni|.liiyeH 
 vu freigtit, 
 ; In Mylng 
 outlMy In 
 
 IK Mil <'•», 
 
 raniipDrta- 
 Urge M It 
 to lu« 
 
 IIJT« ■ 
 
 Rportatlon, 
 \y Knowing 
 IiIm river M 
 
 Hplll HUQ- 
 
 )|>l or Ked 
 i****! »)f un- 
 Ibe Mlaato- 
 r of Meiloo 
 nillus-the 
 A Ked from 
 Vhuil()eg. a 
 leti, the niU 
 Huokatohe- 
 ike Wlunl- 
 > fall l8 1,788 
 itllty of tb« 
 renta. The 
 ) It, Htm in 
 Inmark, the 
 ' the North- 
 lolut of that 
 le lilver, 
 
 lMBRS 
 
 ug thtfl ■«•• 
 lit that both 
 lieyan irlU 
 EM the north 
 "•f^'eotetl to 
 
 ntream for 
 outh befbre 
 nches. To 
 e idea of the 
 
 Id say that 
 lain stream 
 ler It Is only 
 Lu theNUe. 
 }n thia 
 
 OUTE 
 
 iUelsa new 
 ', bull! more 
 mall ooean 
 Bllors of the 
 time flrom 
 ikat(;hewau, 
 foot or out- 
 fort," some 
 , a fVill 276 
 en at the H. 
 e lake, is 30 
 ' made her 
 I above the 
 montou and 
 oth wave in 
 uce of 2.600 
 » only day- 
 
 obeoneof a 
 the steamer 
 Winnipeg on 
 .y,1877 ^ent 
 Winnipeg, 
 ling. The 
 wenger boat 
 ers. I will 
 lere of the 
 uind daring 
 fus also my 
 after, 
 
 PTA 
 
 le Provinoa. 
 stakes wece 
 
 DOMINION CUSTOM HOUSE WINNIPEG. 
 
 on the south bank of the .iaaiuneboine 
 at its Junction with the Red River, the 
 alte of old Fort La Rouge. It too, 
 like the ex';unilou was a success. 
 
 Hlinultafieously with the conneotion 
 of the Province with the outer world 
 by steam, came also the connection by 
 telegraph. Fort Ec*, montou Is now lu 
 conneotion with New York, London 
 and Paris by telegraph. ' 
 
 Thus was 1872 made a ; 
 
 RED LETTER YEAR 
 
 In the annals of Manitoba. The gieat- 
 est practical, and the subtlest forces lu 
 human control, the anulhllutors of 
 space and time, came with many other 
 assisting li ^ueuces that year, to mark 
 ^ it as the especial one In which, flill 
 harnessed in the train of hum'iin pro- 
 gress, Manitoba and her dependencies 
 untered the arena of progressive, civi- 
 lized life, to engage henceforth with 
 the most favored of her competitors in 
 the 
 
 STBUOOLB FOB BMPIKB. 
 
 Taking the present 600 miles of 
 navigation on the Red River, the 100 
 miles on the lied Lake River, about 
 SOO miles at present utilized on the 
 Aaslneboin, 800 miles on Lake Winni- 
 peg and 2,IV00 miles on the Saskatche- 
 wan, makes in one system, a line of 
 some 8800 Miles of continuojta navi- 
 aation, In wtxloli, as before said, there 
 Is to-day a fleet of seventeen steamers 
 with their accompanying barges. 
 
 RED RIVER Ain> LAKE 
 
 Gee page 17. 
 
 DOMINION LAND OBFICE, WINNIPEG. 
 
 SUPERIOR CANAL. 
 
 By means of easy Improvement in 
 the Red Lake River — (an eastern trib 
 ntary, ^in the States, of the Red. 
 which at Its junction Is much the 
 largest streaiu) — by dauis and slack 
 water, with an art(fleial oanai of only 
 60 miles, can this present 3800 miles, 
 and possibly 4800 miles, qf navigation 
 ts eonnfoteawith 
 
 LAKB ANli miBAN NAVIOATION 
 
 at Duluth, Miun., on Ijske Huperior, 
 thus ufToruing a continuous water con- 
 nection with the seaboard at Montreal, 
 by the Welland and Ht. Lawrence 
 Cfanals, and by the Erie Canal f^om 
 Buflklo, i:. Y., to New York City. The 
 distance I'rom the Red River to Lake 
 Superior by this connootiiig link is 
 about the same as the Ene Canal, 
 while the lockage will be lees. That 
 this lmprov<Mi,ent will soon be made 
 there Is no doubt. Arranfiencents are 
 quite completed to make ttiis year «> 
 Practical Eurvey, a preliminary one 
 having already been made. Its con- 
 struction will be 
 
 A NECESSITY, 
 
 by the time It can be built, «ven if 
 construction were begun at once, for 
 the area of which it would be the out- 
 let, both In the States and Canada, is 
 immense. By It wheat can be taken 
 fiom any Red River point to Duluth 
 at 6 cents per bushel, and from Duluth 
 to New York City or Montreal at 6 
 cents per bushd, or wheat and flour 
 respectively from Duluth to Liverpool 
 (England) for 18 cents per bushel; 90 
 cents )er barrel. These are perfectly 
 safe estimates for through rates (as 
 preeent rates are very near It) when 
 tbe enlargements now being made, "n 
 the Sault St. Mary Canal, connecting 
 Lakes Superior and Huron and the 
 Welland and St. Lawrence River sys- 
 tems of canals, connecting 
 
 THE QBEAT LAKES WITH THB OCEAN, 
 
 aie finished, as they soon will be, even 
 before the Red Lake River Ci»nal could 
 be built, even if work was at once be- 
 gun on it. Then, again, there is an- 
 other possible route for this great in- 
 land system of navignUon by tne River 
 Nelson, the outlet of Lake Winnipeg 
 to and 
 
 THCOITQH IfTTDSON'S BAY. 
 
 Long as this article on Navigation is. I 
 deem it of the greatest importance, ror 
 
 experivQoe demonstrates, beyond qaea- 
 tlon, that for long distances, at least, 
 rail transportation as aga^' * water 
 bears no comparison. ,Wbu>r ways, 
 not railways, are the 
 
 farmer's FRIENDS. 
 
 Every cent Favtd on the transpoH»> 
 tlon c' a bushel of wheat adds a praO' 
 tical value of at least $2 per acre to his 
 land; that Is, taking the product of 
 wheat at the low average In this lati- 
 tude of 20 bushels per acre, each cent 
 per bushel saved In transportation Is 
 10 per cent interest on $3 per acre. 
 Take a saving of 6, 10 or 16 cents per 
 bushel over present or possible rail 
 rates for the same distance to Lake Su- 
 perior and see how pra ctioal.real value$ 
 of turn lands are increased. Verily, 
 as aforesaid, for the farmer great is a 
 good tpitem of navigation, and no sec< 
 tlon o'equal area 
 
 ON THB OLOBB 
 
 has suoh a complete and thorough sys- 
 tem of navigation (extending to its 
 very remotest limits, and all harmon- 
 ious in two systems, almost ev«ry mile 
 of which Is through a garden of fertll* 
 ity and a climate the perfMstiou of 
 bei^thftilneBB) as the Canadian North- 
 west. 
 
 I say two systems, for I have made 
 no especial mention of the great Mac- 
 kenzie River system, formed of the 
 Athabasca, Peace, Slave and tne Mac- 
 kenzie Itsel/, which is of an equalt if 
 not a greater, number of navigable 
 miles; oeelde there are other Targe 
 rivers and lakes. 
 
 The Mackenzie having aiv Arctic 
 outlet, the navigation of this system 
 will doubtless come up its two prlnci- 
 pad southeni tributaries, the Athabasca 
 and Psfcce, whr>t4e valleys at no distant 
 day will be connected with the Winni- 
 peg system by railways, most likely t^ 
 the Canadian Pacific Railway, U^ougb 
 its present location Is a little south of 
 the warm, fertile valleys of the last two 
 
•tr«Mi« Uwt it M »t \tM prub»hl«U>«t 
 thia r»llv»»y wl;«o o<»iif«if««i<»«l. »••* 
 froni M»nlloU U> Ui« iNioirix, will nniM 
 tbflM v«' . t* »t poliito wb»ni lli«lr i)»v 
 icatloa will b« rnatf* tributitiy, lliun 
 Wtlt fhelwofTMt uvigfttloii ayttMna 
 h% unlUii. 
 
 BJLlLWATn. 
 
 Early Id D«fl«mb«r. 1878, m*> flrat 
 nilwMy train orMWMHl Uia ■')i>Ui«m 
 b )Ui'<Urv of MhiiIUum. and » Jiinottoii 
 WM fti'inwl with the IVmblnaor »<!Uth- 
 •rn »)Mn(h of the Canwllwi I'fctii'o 
 lUMway, nti which th<^ iiU>«il raila wer« 
 alrrxly laid tmm th« main lln« loma 
 ft) mll^a north Tim lallway tliua imm- 
 plftlnff the <v>rineotlon of this ltr»at 
 CanH«ll»n Northweat with the entire 
 rallwny aystem of the Oentlnent, wm 
 
 ■Anrr faui* amd haoimo iuii.wat, 
 
 which In the only onu bnllt to Mani- 
 toba. Thl"* (ireat oorp»ratloti, now op- 
 eratlnv 574 m'lea, with an additional 
 100 mtiM u'-dpr ^lonntriKitlon, Iim for 
 
 Mountalna to tha Faotfi), either at Bute 
 or Ilurrartl I a let. Frcm 
 
 l.kKM NIPIMf.«U mAtrt, 
 iHiniiMitlon will Imi iua4le by that Cana- 
 dian (Vntral Kail way (a aulialdl«e<l 
 linet to Ottawa, Montreal, eto., and bv 
 a railway ninth from Toronto. Hotii 
 of thme llniw Hr«i iielnH rapldlv built 
 and during tbti year iney will Itotli 
 donbtlflaa rMch tlielr waatern lermluua 
 at l.aiie Nlplaalng. 
 
 THH IHSTANCM 
 
 from Lake Nijpiaaing liy the route above 
 Klveii to the PattlHo at Hurrard Inlet la 
 )1,60U uiltaa, ^. m uuiv luiat, ]i,(MJU 
 milw. 
 
 TIICMAIN LIMR 
 
 haa three branohea or apura ; the moat 
 eaaterly Iwlng weat, from liake Nlpia- 
 ■log to the mouth of Krmoh Illver 
 on liflke Huron, the leoond one 
 to ttie watera of Lake Hupe- 
 rtor at Thunder B^', almoat half 
 the dlntanoe of that liake trom 
 eaat to wMtt and on Ita northern ahore. 
 The third being alao aouth, by the 
 
 thepawtvearorw.bw^n underlh«oon-|j,,j^-j^j the north boundary of the 
 
 [ I valley of the lied lllver on Ita eaaterii 
 
 trolor<'anadl»'i pwrtlna aaaoolatfd with 
 Minneaota capltallHtH and looal man- 
 agers, iirdwr wh()«« mitiiagement It haa 
 awak«np<l to i)«w life. They have 
 
 SnahiMl fully 2(K) inllca of tot oooHtruo- 
 on t' e ptiat year with gr^-at vigor. It 
 la 420 mlica from the In'ernn'lonal 
 boundary llr<e to 8t. Paul, MInneaota, 
 where oonnt^otlnn Is made with the 
 Chlf'agoand Milwaukee railways, over 
 which dirent oonnei^tlona are made 
 with all ('anadlan railways at Dntrolt. 
 Among o' h^rs of the twelve roads cen- 
 t«rinff at Ht. Paul la the Ht. Paul and 
 Dulnth Itallway to I^ke Huperior at 
 Duluth. Olio hiiudrfd and tlfty-elght 
 mUea minth of the boundaiy, at (ilyn- 
 don, Minnesota, It croasea the North- 
 e n Pacific. No better lutasfnger care 
 ■uid ale«>p«'ra will bn found on any rail 
 way from the seaboi»rd citlws than 
 thoae which the Ht. P. & P. Rv furn- 
 iahea Its paaaongers. It Is 64 miles 
 ftom the iKjiiudHry line to Winnipeg, 
 or 464 milea from Ht. Paul to Winni- 
 peg. The through running timA be- 
 tween these points will be ftrom '20 to 
 24 hours. Through tickots to Winni- 
 peg over the Ht. P. & P. can be ob- 
 tained at all leading rHllway points in 
 Cansda and the Unite<l Stat««s. 
 
 Boon Manitoba will be the central 
 gem in the developed Htates or Provln- 
 oei, that wUl be strung along the line 
 of the 
 
 OANADIAK PACIFIC BAILWAV. 
 
 From information kindly given me 
 by Jamee H. Itowan Baq., the engi- 
 neer in charge of the Central ofTlceHand 
 ooDBtmctlon in Winnipeg, and from 
 the repf)rt on the surveys, etc., by the 
 Chief Engineer, Bandford Fleming Esq., 
 to the Dominion Parliament, I obtain 
 the following items of thla 
 
 OBKAT BNT^KFRISE : 
 
 The first money appropriated by the 
 Dominion Parliament fur the sarveys 
 etc., was in the session of 1871. The 
 eastern terminus of the line is fixed at 
 Lake Nipissing, the source of French 
 River, situated about east >om th^ 
 northeast corner of L-.ke Huron, into 
 which French River empties. From 
 Lake Nipisslng west, the line is pro- 
 Jecte<i to go north of I^ke Huperior, 
 orossing the Red River at or near Win- 
 nipeg, pasttiug into and up the valley 
 of the north brancn of the Baakatobe- 
 wan.paotBattleford and Fort Edmon- 
 ton through the yellow Lead pass at 
 Jasper Ilouse and so down the Booky 
 
 United Ht«tea, where it oonneota > 
 with the Ht. Paul and I'aolHc Railway, 
 and by this Hallway, la the (.'auadiun 
 Paciflc at prew<nt connecteil with the 
 railway system of the iStatec. On 
 tlie surveys of this railway over 
 $ii,UO(),()(M) have already bwu expend- 
 e<i. Desiring to get the very 
 l)«at location over this route, the sur- 
 veys have Iteeu most tliorough. From 
 the time of the flrat surveys in 1871, to 
 I)eceral)er 1878, there have i)een over 
 46,(MH) miles of survey and olNtervations 
 made, over li.UOO miles being measured 
 yard by yard. 
 
 THE WIIOLB LINE 
 
 may be said to be practically located, 
 though not offlcially as yet determlneii 
 on. The prollle ofttie line, 2,200 mllee 
 west from Thunder Bay to the Paclflo, 
 shows the greatest summit on the line 
 at Yellowhead J'ass, to be only .S,«46 
 feet above tlie sea. While the summit 
 on the Union and ('entral Pac^iflc Line 
 in the HtateH, shows going west, four 
 summits of H,242 feet, 7,836 feet, 6 118 
 feet, and 7.017 feet, respectively. The 
 highest point on thie Canadian Paciflc 
 Hallway is of a lower elevation than 
 from miy point on the U. P. or C. P. 
 Railway, from the North Platte to a 
 little east of Baoramento, California; 
 with an average of only 2,200 feet for 
 the same distance on the U. P . A C. P. 
 line in the Btates. 
 
 The 1,200 miles from Thunder Bay 
 to Edmonton on the Baskatchewan 
 are ofllciallv locattd. It is 410 miles 
 from Thunder Bay to Red River, of 
 which distance 118 miles at each end is 
 nearly flui'^hed. the remaining 184 
 miles bavingjust been contracted for, to 
 be dont^ In twoyears. Bteel rails with the 
 necessary tlflh plates, bolts and spikes 
 are alreacly paid for and delivered at 
 Thunder Buy and Winnipeg, besides a 
 confiiderable quantity of tlie same, has 
 been delivered on the Paclflo cwast. 
 
 THE WORK OF CONSTRUCTION 
 
 W88 begun during the summer of 1876, 
 at Thunder Bay and Winnipeg, both 
 grading and track laying. The cars 
 are running on the Penil)ina branch, 
 00 miles, there connecting with the St. 
 Paul &. PftfMflc ra Iway, and fully 200 
 milea on the Red River and Tuuder 
 Bay ends. This 184 miles embraces 
 a great deal of rock cutting and 
 bridKiug, in fact it is the most 
 diillciilt part of the entire line save por- 
 tions in the Rocky Mountains. The 
 
 oonatructlon of thia rallwigr atoo oar- 
 rtw with, aad «• a part of It 
 
 A Liwaor TBLiaBAru. 
 
 whiob it all under oontraot and ooo- 
 struetton. from Thunder Bay through 
 to Iha Pacllb'. Tha wire la all fur- 
 nlah«d, paid for and delivered It 
 is tliilshed from Tliundsr lUy weat to 
 Fort Ki!montun, and la now In opara- 
 tloa. 
 
 A word here aa to tha oon- 
 ■truction of the Telegraph, may 
 give a better Idea of what a 
 work it la w^ m it la known that a 
 'jart of tha oontraet of butldlng tha 
 Line, la to cat down and burn ail tim- 
 ber, when It passes through timtMtr. 
 to the width of Hit f et. It la mainly 
 a timber country along the line from 
 Wlnnl|M>g tJ Thunder Bay. 
 
 This Hallway Is ba<knd by a larg* 
 Land Orant and a very liberal Oov- 
 ernment subaidy. Does any on* 
 doubt, that in thla nineteenth century, 
 n railway ot such easy gra<les, 
 through a country combining either 
 such fertile soil or mineral wealth 
 along its entire ext««nt, will ever he 
 built— on a line too, iirobahly the moat 
 l>erfectly Burveye<l of any yet at- 
 tempted; or that It can be op rated at 
 a protlt, when the heavy grad i. great 
 enow fall Ac., of that mccfinful won- 
 der, the Union and Central Paclflo 
 Hallway are, and have been paying 
 so largely ? 
 . It is the well known 
 
 mrBRIAI. DEMAMD 
 
 of the English Government, as well as 
 the entire British trade policy tu have 
 all Its avenues of commerce either un- 
 der «*««m/Iatf, or where it can pro- 
 f.ui, and detenu the same. The garri- 
 sons of OlbrHlter, Malta, (Cyprus, and 
 many other points are held And main- 
 tained for commercial purposes as al- 
 so was the recent purchase of the Sues 
 Canal stock. The Paciflc Rill way of 
 Canada gives the shortest rail and 
 ocean terminal distances and lowest 
 grades of anv of the American Paclflo 
 routes and the sooner the people of 
 the States make up their mind to the 
 fact of its speedy buildin;;;, ^nroposals 
 for constructing the eittire line have 
 already been advertised for) and en- 
 deavor to build competing lines, or pat 
 themselves in favorable conneotion 
 with it, the wiser will they act. 
 
 The construction and suocessftil 
 operation of the Union and Central 
 Paciflc railways in the States has de- 
 monstrated beyond question that foi 
 the English trade with (<hina, Japan, 
 etc., its proper route is by rail across 
 this continent. This is especially so 
 when time, the present commercial 
 factor is taken into consideration. 
 The Canadian Paciflc will shorten 
 present distances fully 1600 miles and^ 
 as aforesaid, by it their commerce can 
 be kept under their own flag. It is an 
 error to look upon this great under- 
 taking as simply the enterprise of a 
 comparatively small Dominion of 
 some 4,000,00< people, for itsconstrnct- 
 ion and operation is harmonious wltb 
 both the government and mercantile 
 policy of 
 
 THE GREAT BBITI8H BHPIBB 
 
 Beside, along its line is opened up » 
 most desirable country for settlement^ 
 thus affording a safe and easy sola- 
 tion of a question that at present lavs 
 close and heavy upon both ths 
 thoughtful English statesman and cit- 
 izen, viz: How tu hold and at the 
 same time provide for their surplus 
 population. 
 
tltrough 
 »ll fur 
 rri\ It 
 WMt to 
 
 In op«r»- 
 
 M oon* 
 
 h, may 
 
 whit • 
 
 rn thftt » 
 
 llllff tiM 
 
 iiall tltn 
 Umb«r, 
 li msinly 
 line from 
 
 f ft iMTg* 
 
 itral OoT- 
 Miy on* 
 1 century, 
 ' unulM, 
 nR either 
 i\ wealth 
 I ever be 
 ' the moei 
 r yet at- 
 {) rated at 
 A R, great 
 r«A*i won- 
 Kl Paolflo 
 m paying 
 
 as well aa 
 OT to haT* 
 either un- 
 [, can pro- 
 rhB Kttrrl- 
 ^prtiB, and 
 and maln- 
 onefl as al- 
 f the 8ue« 
 Ullway of 
 ; rail and 
 ^nd lowMt 
 :ati Paciflo 
 people of 
 1(1 to the 
 iiropoaata 
 Hue hare 
 ) and ea- 
 Ines, or put 
 oonneotiOB 
 act. 
 
 luocessful 
 id Central 
 e« haa d»> 
 that foi 
 na, Japan, 
 rail acrosB 
 !)eolally so 
 iommeroial 
 isideratlon. 
 11 shorten 
 miles and^ 
 meroe can 
 It is an 
 eat under- 
 prise of a 
 linloD of 
 constmot- 
 ulous wltb 
 mercantile 
 
 HPIBB 
 
 ^ned ap » 
 ettlement, 
 easy solu- 
 resent lava 
 both th« 
 an and cifc- 
 md at the 
 eir surpla» 
 
 TH£SIX OO VERNMEIIT 
 
 OFFICES 
 
 of ao ointiy illtTMrnnt (Ifipartinitnta of 
 th« O.iniliiioii Oovrriiniitiil aa are r*p- 
 rtMiiiiHit In the province, mitkii the 
 folluwiug rihlhlta, all of wnlch show 
 • che«rlijg Inotease from year to year. 
 A word of ripluuatlon, t would 
 Uere give in regard to the l)<iniliiloi 
 Hnvlngs Ua/ik, and that Ih Uial th«<r« 
 are none aitve at auch iiolnta aa tlmy 
 have Deputy Hcceher O^nrrala, 
 which are uaually in connection with 
 the Douilnloii land olTlora. 1 would 
 alao here lake the ooportuiiltv to note 
 what a difTerniice It mMk«*a In publli; 
 oWcera. whether their continuance lu 
 such olHce la for an uncertain time, 
 depending upon the re-elrctlon of 
 their nieuilter of congr«HM or aenator, 
 or the Intluence he niav have after hit 
 gets there, as In the United Htatee, 
 where appulntmenta are made wholly 
 for political reaaona ; or as it la in (Jan- 
 ada wher#» they are made for life or 
 
 Jitod hehaviour, and where rnioiet.jy, 
 lllgenoe and oourteay form the 
 reaaona for their continued retention 
 and a*lvHnc«>ment. 1 havr el to rM>«>t 
 the drat Dominion or i'ro..iiclMl oiTln- 
 lal, who was not at least ofllclally a 
 gentleman. 
 
 TUB OUHTOMb DKI>AIITUBNT 
 
 of Manitoba makes the following ex- 
 hibit: 
 
 "MHuitoba was admitted into the 
 confederation of the Dominion of (Can- 
 ada on the inth of J uly, 1870. Tlie new 
 Ouatom House was completed in the 
 autumn of 1876 and occupied In April 
 following. Tke fol'owing arn the 
 present ofHcera: O. B.8pencer, collect- 
 or; John Kmalee, chief clerk , U. H. 
 Youag, 0. N. Bell, clerks; (J. U. 
 Lindaav. appraiser; H. I. Jones, O. 
 I). McVicar, landing waiters. 
 
 Out-poat at North I'embina, P. T. 
 Bradley, deputy collector; Wm. Mills, 
 landing waiter and clerk ; and K. Q. 
 Siracox. 
 
 Out-Dost at York Factory, Hudson 
 Bay, Joseph Fortescue, deputy col- 
 leotov. 
 
 Out-poat oppoaite Smuggler Point, 
 N. T., W. P. Lealie, preventive oflicer. 
 
 The above out-posta are under the 
 •urvey of the collector of cuat-jras, 
 Port of Winnipeg. The old Asalrue- 
 boine tariff of 4 per cent ad valorem, 
 and 20 cents per gallon on ale, wine 
 and spirits, was continued in force till 
 the 80th June, 1874, subsequent to that 
 date the Dominion tariti of 17^ per 
 oeot, ad valorem, on general goods 
 and on spirita of 91.30 per imperial 
 gallon etc., haa been in force. All 
 goods imported from Great Britain, 
 pay t he aame rate of duty as from any 
 foreign country. 
 
 Bulow tliul atatement of the ad va- 
 lorem value of goods annually Import- 
 ed Into this Province, and the dutv 
 collected thereon, between the I5tb 
 July 1870 and the 30th June 1872, and 
 each subsequent year except that of 
 1877: 
 
 Foreign Duty 
 goodi. therjon. 
 Torjth Jon*, 73. 8 7ew«..Sl,m,S8B.OO Si7,bB(>.M 
 To 80th Jane, 78, 1 year... l,09ft,lS0.00 48,078.48 
 To SOU) June, 74, 1 yeur. . . 3,95.1,800.00 87,478.87 
 ToSUth June, 75, 1 year... 1,947,005.00 171,420.86 
 To 81'th Juue, 76, 1 year. . . l,73S,4as.C0 858,045.38 
 To 80th June, 77, 1 year. . . 1,314,888 00 183,480.88 
 To SOth June, 78, 1 year. . . 1,171,108.00 338,880.18 
 To SUt Deo ., 78, 6 montht, 489,490,00 81 ,OS0.88 
 
 The above is exclusive of duty paid 
 on goods received from the other Prov- 
 inces of the dominion. 
 
 ■xroBTa TO FoamoM countiukr. 
 
 for year endfns SOth June. 1S78 $138,808.00 
 
 for year ending 30th June, 1878 396,680.00 
 
 tor year ending SOth Jnne, 1874 797,763.00 
 
 Vac yeitf andlng SOth June, 1870 ses.Siaoo 
 
 l» TJ 
 riw year eBdlna tUMi JiHM, MM fM^WkH 
 
 ^r«u •n.UfiaaibJM«,|in «is,sis.as 
 
 ]W7»ar.n.lto«mb}aM,iiil| T««JBS.OS 
 
 Vof I luoi. •odiog 8iai Dm,, wn, .... ias48fT m 
 
 Larga quantlttas of fun ara aow 
 
 aent to (fanadian marketa, and ao do 
 not apiMMtr in the regular «ii|>ort«, hut 
 wheat, tr , U taking the pU(« of the 
 fur, which a4.«Munta for the total valu«t 
 of ex|H)rta remaining about the aanie. 
 A tougli lerlea of atatlatlca kept in 
 thla oMlce givea the following as the 
 value of goods brought here from 
 other porta of Canada: 
 
 rnri year •mllng MJtli liine, 1878 .. • 887.774.00 
 r^jr I year ■wlliia lotli June, l*7a . Ijn4,m.a0 
 
 Tl>e latter table ahows the growth of 
 Interprovlnclal trade. Their ouri< <>' 
 year, from Julv I. lti7H to JuH I, iH^iU, 
 ahows to date, March 1st, a largo in- 
 crenae over laat year. 
 
 Navigation In atlll kept op by the 
 lludaun Hay Co. In Hudson's Bay 
 (Arctic Ocean), aome live veanela per 
 )ear coming in there, but as the out 
 port of Y( rit Factory, at the mouth of 
 Nelson lliver (the outlet of Lake Win- 
 nipeg), la the only port there. In the 
 Winnipeg Customs District, 1 can 
 
 ENGINE AND HOOK AND LAD- 
 DER HOUSE. SMPagt'm. 
 
 only give the Qgures from there. Its 
 exports, furs mostly, are about $00,000 
 to 9100,000, and Imports, of course, 
 much leas. 
 
 The following is a statement of the 
 buainesB, officers, and opportunities 
 offered by the 
 
 DOMINION LAND DEPARTMENT, 
 
 in Manitoba and the Northwest: 
 
 The Dominion land olJice, Winnipeg, 
 was erected in the summer of 187S for 
 the accomodation of the government 
 offlcea for the survey and granting of 
 the lands in the Northwest Territor- 
 ies. 
 
 These lands are under the control of 
 a special branch of the Department of 
 the Interior. The Kt. Hon. Sir John A. 
 McDonald, Premier and M iniater of the 
 Interior, being the responsible head, 
 and Lindsay Russell, Surveyor Gen- 
 eral, chief of the branch, charged with 
 the survey, settlement and manage- 
 ment of nil lauds vested in the Do- 
 minion Government. 
 
 The offices at Winnipeg, with branch 
 offices at Emerson, Portage L« Prairie, 
 Little Saskatchewan and Pembina 
 Moutitain, have the disposal of these 
 lands, eacti being in charge of an 
 agf nt and the following staff: 
 
 Winnipeg, Donald Codd, agent of 
 Dom. Lands, A. J. Belch, usst. agent 
 of Dom. i:.and8, Boger Goulet, local 
 
 •nt, do. Purtagn Im Pralrta, A«- 
 
 fUStus Mllla, do, Knieraon, G*.rM 
 Nawooml), do; Peaiblua Mountain, H. 
 Landerkin. do; Little H«Bkaloh«wan. 
 Alfi. Jaffrey, do; (i. K Newoomb and 
 
 A .Seablt, tiratiar Inape^tors; Wtnnt* 
 pwg oflloa. It. ITT Hunter, aooountaMt, 
 M Wood. A. Habtne and A. K Flahar. 
 olerka, Mid H. Powell, messenger. 
 
 The survey odlcr, alao acounimoda- 
 ted In the same building. Is in oharga 
 of Mr. A. D. Whltchar, I>. L. tf. Id*m»' 
 tor of survaya, asaistad by C. D. BlMI* 
 ards, draughtsman. 
 
 The Dominion Land UlHoewaaor** 
 ated by act of Parltament passed on 
 the.ttnof April, IH72, and the uffla* 
 at W innipeg was opened In the follow- 
 ing aummer. Hinoelhat timetba fol- 
 lowing lands have bean taken up; 
 
 i f"Fi«f 
 
 5 ? ! : r* 
 
 r 
 
 HommtHJa. 
 
 Uo. 0/ AtTM. 
 
 Hon. 
 
 Ifo. of AerM. 
 
 m 
 
 1 1 tils No.o/Atrt*. 
 
 Iliii 
 
 ilflil 
 
 ISBNS' T**.- 
 
 Oulmrt. 
 
 JI7o. (/ ACTM. 
 
 
 Showing a gain of over 00 per oant 
 frjm 1877. 
 
 The above table does not Include 
 the 1,400,000 teres allotted to the half- 
 breeds, under Manitoba act, which 
 have already been made. 
 
 When It Ih considered that the total 
 area of the lands known to befit for 
 cultivation is estimated at 876,184,000 
 acres, of which 10,000,!IOO acres are al- 
 ready surveyed, it will be seen that the 
 amount taken up is oomparatively tri- 
 lling. 
 
 Tne Dominion Homestead law Is of 
 thelmost liberal eharaiter. Rvsry •*- 
 tualaettler is ent itled to.enter one quar- 
 ter section of lOO acies as a homestead, 
 for wblcn he receives a patent o» 
 Vi*i>f of three years residence <»;id oul- 
 U >-'0P. 
 
 iij» tuay at the same time enter 
 by liT9 smptlon, any adjacent quarter 
 seocioo, t>." patent for which will la- 
 sue to him on payment of $1 00 per 
 acre, when he has completed his home- 
 stead duties and he may enter a quart- 
 er section fp~ forest tiee cultivation 
 and obtain a free Patent for it at the 
 expiration of six years, on proof of 
 having planted ton acres of trees dur- 
 ing four years subsequent to the year 
 of entry. 
 
 Even more liberal terms than the 
 above can be made with tue approval 
 of the Minister of the Interior in case 
 of immigrants who come in communi- 
 ties, or under the auspices of societies, 
 &c, &0. 
 
 The ordinary Dominion Lands are 
 open for sale at the rate of one dollar 
 per acre, payable in cash, script or mil- 
 itary bounty warrants. 
 
fill 
 
 n 
 
 vorr orrtcu 
 
 T^M ^)llrtWtnf la an nihlliR of ^tt» 
 I'dit omrm hminin» for MaiilUiha: 
 
 TlAp(i«t»I airrtw In Manltoha WM 
 MHhMUCtMd With th« iwmUI Mrrlot la 
 kh<^<«thAr provlnoM uL^a Uonlatos 
 
 In th«ir««r IM7I. 
 
 TtiAra Mr* now In ManltDtw mrf 
 NorthwMt TmHtorlM 47 p<wt ofHraa. 
 wM<^h «r« aiippllmt )>v iwH oillaa ot 
 mall rniit^, tlxi annual travH of UM 
 niAlthftlitA ^,4M rollM. 
 
 Thfi'|M>aUI rttvAniif la a>>nut llS^Wt 
 p«r aiinuiu. of wlilnti tlO/iiM) la oolkM^ 
 •d In Wlnnlp^K. 
 
 CiM«<l ban ar« mad« up dsllj Mi 
 liiitvfMlilitlly frmn Ontario. (;aiiMI< 
 ■Bila am alan «inhati|r«d dallr Ut ASd 
 mwn tha HnlUHl HtaUw, hy rail war, 
 
 Th« monny ordara laauinl in VVinal- 
 P4HC vfl*rl)r Mmoiinl to atxiut tin 000: 
 and th« rnoiiny ordnru p«ld lu al>out 
 •«),ooo Th« t<iUI laaiMd and paid 
 Iwlnfcatioot •Hn.(X)0. 
 
 ThaatafT of thn Wlnnlp«c poat offlm 
 oonalata of Wllllaui IIarfravi\ I'oat- 
 maatw, J. O. roitraa, ChftrliNi Dw- 
 ormlar, L. O. Borget and John Cowap, 
 Glerka. 
 
 Theffl la a mall oiioe In every three 
 wee^a between Winnipeg and Ed- 
 monon, at the foot of the Kooky 
 Moantatna, a dUtanoe of tOnO mllae, 
 which HuppllMi nine post ofllcea In 
 the North WHat Territory 
 
 Theaervloe wblob wm eatalillahed 
 In Auguat, 1876, ha* bten performed 
 bj the Rontraotor, the Hon. JamM Mn- 
 Kfty, with great regularity. The trip 
 from Winnipeg to Edmonton and 
 back occuplea about six weeks. The 
 baga are carried by wagon In sum- 
 mer and dog trains In winter. A very 
 large correaiM)ndenc« ia carried over 
 this route. My this contract for the 
 preaent. at least, will the otRclal cor- 
 respoaacioe for the new government 
 oflloea i^ Dattleford have to l)e car- 
 ried. A special and more f'rctuent 
 rootefrom Winnipeg to that place will 
 doabtlear aoon be let. 
 
 THE RRnKIVEU OENKRAL 
 
 hM his Headquarters at Ottawa, and 
 offlee at Winnipeg, in the postoffloa 
 bnildlng. 
 
 The office Is in charge of H. II. 
 Dnimmond. Aotln/r Aast. Reo. Qent 
 and Dominion Auditor. 
 
 This nuitleman Is also an ofUcer of 
 th<i Andit and Savings Dank Depart- 
 ment, all of which are carried on In 
 the same office. 
 
 The IleceiTing Office is for the Issu- 
 ance and redemption of Dominion 
 notes, like the U, S. Qreenbaoks— also 
 roT tne reoBivini^ and payment of Do- 
 minion moneys in this official depart- 
 ment for constrnotlon of the Canada 
 Pacific Railway, and other govern- 
 ment expenses, such aa salarfes, etc. 
 The money received amounthig to 
 abont 9700.000 fiiom cuBtoma. sale* of 
 Dominion lands, etc, and the paymoit, 
 aa abore, amonntlngto some |l,SOO,000 
 per annam. 
 
 The 
 
 AUDIT OmOK 
 
 la for the anditing of all government 
 payments in Manitoba and the North- 
 weat Territory. 
 The 
 
 8A VINOS BAKK DBPAKTMEKT 
 
 receives moneys from private Indlrld- 
 oals, on which it allows interest at the 
 rate of ■* per cent per annum, subject 
 to call. Since the eatabllshmeat of 
 this bank by the QoTemment, three 
 other leading banko of the Dominion 
 have eatablianed branches in Winni- 
 peg, which allow fve per cent on 
 ■mall sums and six per cent on large 
 amoonts and who have it mutt be ad- 
 
(»i 
 
 mill*)!, larRo •■vinipi MtNtunU; •tlU 
 th« old («r«iiit (^ivitriiiuiwt Havlnca 
 HMik <• M) fw, OVM iMt jTMir, •huwioff 
 kUryn Inori 
 
 t^im 
 
 THI I00LE8IA8TI0 AND EB 
 UOATIONAL 
 
 pri vn4>irM ot thU iTDVlnon iir« • m«tt«r 
 of ■urpiiii<« to moat vUltora. Ttix 
 work (If thn church h«r«), ImthCultiollr 
 •ml I'mlMtMrit In Mi)4w;Ully it|)|!iir«)iit. 
 «n<l th« nhowliigor minowMful riNiiiltii. 
 I* iin liiilni thnt It I* mikI Iiim l>«>«ti 
 In Jiirllrlou«>n(l«tti«rK< Hi; IimikIii. I'lin 
 rouixlHtlori of both tli«^ ('hiircli Mint 
 Hohuol Mrn liil<t miriirliilnKly hmail Utr 
 lo yntinff » rrnvlriM, m thn followliit 
 lilt and eililblt uf work dona will 
 thow. 
 
 Tha flrit churoh r«nnMMntMl hwra 
 waa tb t (?athulln, thny havliitr atartiid 
 n mUaton hitrn Ha Karljr u IHIH, al- 
 though prlfMtaof lliHt churoh had tiiwin 
 here •oni" 7fi ypKra before Their llrat 
 (!ath<>dnil, whioh had two towara or 
 «plr«a, WHa buriiMl but hita Imnn re- 
 built of much largar air.«. but wltb 
 only A fl^ntral tower. Homa M jtmn 
 ■incf, John (). Whlttler, th« Ou*k«r 
 l>o«t of MaaaachiiatittH. vtaltMl thia 
 mliaton, and Ha imaci^ful, (pilet nur- 
 roiindliiKM, Nnnniml to Imvn tnipri>nri«<(l 
 him miioliaalt did ni«<, h<« ovi^r It tlin 
 Angol of llf^t of a bt^ter and truor 
 Ufa BMims cnnatantly to a|ir«>a<i hnr 
 ptntona. Aftnr his return hn wrot«f 
 the ft)llowinff llnea, in purt suggMitml 
 by Itfl iieautlful ehims of belli which 
 It ■(111 hM : 
 
 "Out and In th« rtrar is wliidlnv 
 The link! of Ita long, rod ehiiln, 
 
 Thmiiali tMilu of diukr pln« land 
 And Kintjr l«aai>oo of plain. 
 
 Oiii I , at tlinnii, K amnkn wi-rmth 
 With thn MrtliiK<-l«ii<l riw^k Jolni,- 
 
 Tht imok* ot tb* buiiUag Uidgw 
 Of Ui« wild AMiaeboUu. 
 
 Drtiartly Mown tho iinrth- wind 
 
 Krom tli«< land <>( lr» kiiil nnow ; 
 Tho 9ytm that lixik art' wonry, 
 ^ , ,., Aud heavy tbe likiraa thkt row. 
 
 And with one foot on tiie water, 
 
 And oiin uiMMi Ihn nliorn, 
 Thfl Anuxl i>r Hliailow Klvee wanilDg 
 
 That day ithall be nu more. 
 
 U It the olana of wild aeeaer 
 Ii It the Indlnn'i yeir, 
 
 lnn<ti tn ttiu voice ot the north-wlDd 
 e tones of A far ofl- bell r 
 
 Tbe Toyaiceur umllra an he lUteDS 
 To the sound that Ktowi apaea ; 
 
 well he know* the rinittna 
 or Uie bells ot W. Uoalfaoe. 
 
 The beiiH of the Koniiui Mladon, 
 That cull from thrlr tarreta twain, 
 
 To tbe boatmau oa the rim, 
 To the hunter on the plain I •„ 
 
 Iran ao In our mortal Jnumpy 
 Tvablttarnortli-windn i>i<iw, 
 
 Att4 ttoa apoo llfa'D iied iUvec 
 Otn baana, aa oarsmeQ. row, 
 
 ▲ud when tba Ancel of Hhadow 
 Baata bis feat on wave and shore, 
 
 And our ayes Rrow dira with watching. 
 And our nearta 'aint at the oar, 
 
 Happy Ik be who beareth 
 
 Tie signal of his release 
 In the bells of tbe Holy City, 
 
 Itie oblmee of eternal peace I 
 
 Of Biahop Tache, tbe Arobbishop of 
 tbU great dom-iin, who resides at this 
 MiMion, tnuob, very much might be 
 ■aifl. II is trayela, labors and ministry 
 have been extensive, and acceptable, 
 still a few words of the Psalmist, will 
 better express him as be is, than any 
 worda of mine. " The steps of a good 
 mmn are ordered by the Lord ; and he 
 Mighttth in his way. Mark tbe per- 
 fect mui, aiid behold the upright; for 
 the end of that man Is peace." And 
 •o It seems to be with him, in the 
 peMefol air of this Miuion, which. 
 
 '^^ 
 
 HT. JOUX'4 G0LU(0B-B9Y8 tKJHuui.. 
 
 with hi*" kindly, genial way, s<«ems to 
 make the atMiyi^ ouoted wt.. da, partic- 
 ularly appropriate, and to cauae onn 
 tos)o.^«*rniy wish that "his days may 
 t>elongin the land, which the Lord 
 hli (iod hath given him." 
 
 NOTKM ON ST. noNIFAOR. 
 
 The Red Hiver country, I'royinoeof 
 Manitoba, was dlacovnred by Frimch 
 Canadians. Hleur Varenn«>s tie Ih Ver- 
 andrye, born at Three HI vera, Lower 
 Canada, organized an e<|)edltion. at 
 his own exueuse, in WU, and traveled 
 through tne country, from Lake 
 HunetTor to Uainy liako. thence to the 
 liakeof the Woods and down Winni- 
 peg Hiver, to the lake of the same 
 name; up the river to the mouth of 
 the Assinneboine, where he built h rt 
 Rouge, on the point south of the river 
 Assinneboine, almost opposite tk.e 
 actual Tort Carry. 
 
 Mon. dela Verandrye.like all the dis- 
 coverers of the time, had a missionary 
 w'th him, and Uev. Father Messut^et 
 was the first minister of thegoHpnl 
 knowu as having visited this part uf 
 our continent. 
 
 Mon.de la Verandrye was aooompan- 
 led by three of h!s sons. One of them 
 was murdered with his partv and their 
 missionary, Ilev. Father Arnaud, by 
 the iSloux, on Lake St. Croix, between 
 Uainy Lake and Lake Superior. Two 
 other sons of the old gentleman dis- 
 covered the upper Missouri, from the 
 Yellowstone. Accompanied by two 
 servants, they crossed the country and 
 were the first white men who saw and 
 aioended the llocky Mountains, north 
 of the Missouri. The same gentlemen 
 discovered the north branch of the 
 Saskatchewan in its full length. 
 
 The conqaeet of Canada by England, 
 pat a atop, for a long period, to a rea- 
 uar French Canadian expedition in 
 the wilderness of the northwest. The 
 missionariee themselves, had to aban- 
 don the country. The work of thm Bo- 
 man Catholic missionaries was re-as- 
 sumed in 1818. Lord Silkirk, anxl'^ua 
 to secure for his colony of Asslnne- 
 tM)ine, the co-operation of the French 
 Canadians disseminated in the coun- 
 try, requested of the Bishop of Que- 
 bec, the services of two priests. The 
 Rfcv. .1. N. Provencher and Severe Du- 
 moalln, both French Canadian prissts 
 of the diocese of Quebec, were asked 
 by their Bishop for the Important and 
 difficult task. They willingly accepted 
 the proposal, started In birch canoes 
 from Montreal, and landed at Point 
 
 OouglM, now Winnipeg, on the 10th 
 of .luly, IHIH. They soon after nroased 
 the river, and Intgan Hie aettinment of 
 HI. Itonlface. The name, that of the 
 Apostle of (>t*rmauy, waa givea to the 
 settlement aa a compliment to tht. (Cath- 
 olic German aoldlera who had atxjom- 
 panted Lord Sllklrk,and who were lo- 
 cated around Point St. Huuifaoe. 
 
 Itev. Mr. Dumoulin went to Pembi- 
 na, where thern was, at the time, • 
 large Mttli^tuent of Frnnnh CaiiudlAn 
 half-brMda, who left in IHM, to estab- 
 lish th« settlement of Ht. Francois 
 Xavier, on the .Vssinneboine river. 
 
 Kev. Mr. Provencher remained in 
 St Boniface until his death, which oo- 
 cured on the7th of June, 1808. lie was 
 consecrated lilohop in lHHi, and,oouf»- 
 (|uentiv. WHA tlilrtv-tliree years BlshOD 
 of St. JJoniface. lie sentmlaalonarlaa 
 to the Saskatchewan country, to Ath- 
 abaaka, British Columbia and Oregon. 
 The tttablishment of St. Boniface may 
 be considered as the mother of many 
 missions, the head-quarters of tbe im 
 mense nela which extendw to the Paci- 
 fic and Arctic oceans. 
 
 Bishop I'rovencher began the Col- 
 lege of St. Boniface in his own houM, 
 and he, himself, all his lifetime, uni- 
 ted the teaching of children with his 
 u'..merouH and important occupations. 
 The same bishop established the con- 
 vent of St. Ilonifac* noj'imlojl by iHm- 
 ters of Charity, generally known M 
 the Grey Nuns of Montreal. The 
 foundress of their order, Madame D' 
 YottvlUe. began the formation of her 
 community at the same time that her 
 uncle, Mon. de la Verandrye made U»e 
 diaaiOTery of the country in whidi (0«r 
 of her Bisters arrived in 1844. 
 
 Although they were called upon 
 chiefly for the instruction df youth, 
 the SiBters have constantly cixercised 
 corporal works of mercy; take charM 
 of the aged, infirm and orphans ; Visit 
 and attend the sick. 
 In the course of time several branch- 
 es of the same eetablinhment were 
 formed, and some extend to the Safl- 
 katohewan, and even t' the banks of 
 McKensie's river, over 2, - K) miles from 
 St Boniface. 
 
 After the death of Bisriop Proven- 
 cher, Bisliop Tswhs, who had H«en hla 
 coadjutor, succeeded him to the See 
 of St. Boniface. The dlooese of St. 
 Boniface, at flrrit. coa\prebended an 
 immense extent of territory ; it is now 
 divided, and was created ao an Arch* 
 
(••I 
 
 fl 
 
 HT. JOHN'S OOLLlOB-LADIRli HOIIOOL. 
 
 dioocM In IflTl. HUhop Tsrh«i wu, at 
 U>«i«me tlin«, nammt ArolibUhoi). 
 «t>Th« n«w nofllflnliutloKl provliiR«of 
 St. Bonifaow noniprnhanda th« ar.;h<ii- 
 oo«a« of thn HMine omm, th« dlixTMe of 
 8t. Albert, on th« 8a^*tch«WHii, pre- 
 ■Idml over bf Htihop Orandin; Uiit 
 dittrlctii of AthfttiKdkii Mfid MrKmiKtn, 
 under Illahop* Fersn)' mm.^ Glut, and 
 Brlttih Columbia under HIshopa 
 d'Herboroer hiuI DurlMix. 
 
 ArohblHbop TmcIia baa l>Mn In the 
 eountry for .14 vmtra, partI* amonK the 
 Indiana of th« far nnrtb ani^ pitrtly at 
 8t Honlface It la a hum.- nlicum- 
 ■taiice tbat Arohblahop Tat^bo, who la 
 by bla mother, a great Krand-nephnw to 
 tnaalxtb x^^neratlon of M. Varnnnea 
 d« la Verandrye, who dlaivrtvered Ked 
 River, la alao, by hia fAther, firtmt 
 grand-aon to the alxth generation of 
 Mr. JoHette, the celebrated dlicoverer 
 of the Mlaataalppl. 
 
 St. Boniface fa nicely altuated, on 
 tb« eaat aide of the Ked Ulver, oppo- 
 ■ite the Asaltinnbolnn and faolnRWin- 
 Alpttff. which afforda, from Ht l»oi.l- 
 faoe, a pleasant Hew of therlveraand 
 of the citv. 
 
 The rellfrloua edlfloea of the locality 
 all In a row. parallel to the rlvrr, pre- 
 sent a pleaainir agene, complete and 
 oomfortable, whether yiewed from a 
 paaaing steamer, the opposite ihons, or 
 the immediate pMser^by. Theae edia- 
 eee are aix in namber ; the flrr t la the 
 college of 8t Boniface, aurmounted 
 with ita nice cupola, and In which 90 
 boya receive good eauoation, not only 
 In English and French, bat even is 
 olasslcs. 
 
 The second edifice is the Arohbisb- 
 op's residence; a good dwelllng-hQUse, 
 built of stone, having In front, walks 
 planted with trees. Then comes the 
 Cathedral; a building of b««autlful 
 stone and fine demgn: far Buperior to 
 any church northwest of St Paul. Th«^ 
 ormn Is really a beautiful Inatrumeot 
 ana snoh as to astonish, at suoh » dis- 
 tance from what is general ly termed 
 tie limit of civilization. The orgar 
 was built in Montreal, by Mr. Mitoh- 
 ell, purchased by friends of Archbish- 
 op Tache, in Lower Canada, and pre- 
 
 Mented to him four years ago, on the 
 !iftlh anniversary of his election aa 
 bishop. 
 
 The fourth edlfloe, to the south on 
 the row, is Ht. Honifaos Academy, for 
 young ladlfS. This esta' llshraent U 
 conducU^l by the Sisters of Charity, In 
 which there are over thirty boar.lers, 
 and sn aggregate number of eighty 
 pupils. 
 
 Next oomes the Convent of Ht. Bon- 
 iface, where the Sisters kindly sup- 
 port some orphans or poor girls, aged 
 and Inllrra women, whence tliey visit 
 the sick at home and perform a con- 
 siderable amount of other charitable 
 and useful work. 
 
 At a few hundred yards from their 
 residence the Histers purchased in 
 IH77 a nice houae, where they have 
 their hospital. 
 
 Thin new acquisition completes for 
 8t. Honlface a full set of educational 
 and charitable Institutions, all direct- 
 ed and mostly supported by the Arch- 
 bishop, assisted by his clergy and the 
 Histers of (Iharity. 
 
 It is evident that the Roman Catho- 
 lic church has done a great deal of 
 work here, and that Its staff spared 
 nothing in their power for the ad- 
 vancement and the comfort of those 
 within their reach. 
 
 The college boys have a splendid 
 band of their own and the young 
 ladles from the Academy, in the pub- 
 lic concerls, give evidence of tneir 
 good training In music. 
 
 Among the principal citizens of the 
 beautiful village of KU Boniface are 
 the Honorable M. A. Olrard, senator 
 of the Dominion of Canada, the Hon- 
 orable J. Royal. Minister of Public 
 Works for the Province of Manitoba, 
 the Honorable J. Dubuc, Member of 
 Dominion Parliament and Mr. 
 Thomas Bpence, clerk of the Legisla- 
 tive Assembly. 
 
 OHTTBOH or BKOT.AND. 
 
 Jnstontside the northern limits of the 
 cRy is Bishop's Court, the residence 
 of the Bishop of Uuperts Lind,the Me- 
 tropolitan ot the Church of England 
 Eoi ieslastlcal Province of Ruperts- 
 
 whieh Is one of the eiilleMS «t^|l»« 
 (Inlv«raltT of M«nlt>h«t IH. Johas 
 
 c;ollsf»H<^''ool. '"»• Ih»)".«"*"*^- •*<>"•>• 
 (kllem Ladles' HoIumiI C/oniMMfed 
 wIlhlheMi lustllutloiis. Is a valuable 
 bliwk of nearlr one thousand acres. 
 
 Th* flril cierg ynisn of the English 
 Ohnrch tha ll«v John Weal, camela 
 Ufto. and ma«le here the mKumano* 
 meat of the llrslflhuirh and the flrst 
 M^hiMil From this IrtNtliinUig malitly 
 throuab IhaefforUof lhe<; II. M. for 
 the Indian Ulbea, ald»d lattarlv by the 
 ilflpo< Rnfllah Colonial .S<>< i«it«s, the 
 Ohnreh has crown so that now It oon- 
 itata of four DIooesM undei the Bishop 
 if lluperU Land. Mevosnee. Maakatah 
 swan and Alhabascm. 
 
 In the DUmiwhi of Ruperts lAOd 
 •her* are now ri olergjinen. of whom 
 i\ are In the I'rovln. « of M»nlU)ba. 
 There are also 7 or H Missions In the 
 InUrlorof the Dioctiae In charge of 
 oateohlats. There are two Church 
 Partahesln Winnipeg Holy Trinity, 
 inder the llev. O Vortl.i. B A,, ss 
 lUcUir. which liaa a large new church 
 tnd Is self supporting, and Christ 
 <!hurch which h<u also anew church 
 hut small under the llev. Canon Orlb- 
 lale, B D.. one of the clergy of the 
 inoU-er parish. Part of the extreme 
 wee- of the city Ilea In the pariah of 
 St. .)aiiH«, wUloii Is under the itev. D. 
 C. Plnkbam. the church l>elng without 
 the city. Part of the extreme North 
 still remains In the Mother Cathedral 
 Parish of Ht. John. Ht. John's Cathe- 
 dral la a (Nillegiate Church unde^ a 
 corporation consisting at preaent of a 
 Dean and Hli (Canons, but ol theae 
 only two of the (Janona have at present 
 I he reoulred endowments. The Bish- 
 op Is Dean and the eiidowmenU of 
 other two Canunlea had been com- 
 menced. . . ^. „ 
 
 The school commenced by the Byr. 
 John Weat rose to ImporUnce und«r 
 an able master the Bev. John Mao- 
 allum, M. A., and after various vicis- 
 situdes baa reached itaureaent growth 
 as St. John's College with Ito various 
 schools. 
 
 There are a limited number of rooBt 
 for Theological students, but noroona 
 Ht prMientlor general university stn- 
 dents, iixccpting for those that have 
 l>een In Hi. John's College Hchool. 
 But as soon aa all burdens are remov- 
 ed from Ht. John's College Hchool for 
 boys, and the Ht. John's College Ladlea' 
 School, there will be Rn effort made to 
 erect buildings for the Theological 
 and University Students of Ht. John's 
 College. 
 
 The St. John's College School for 
 boys, receives between BO and flO board- 
 ers and has also some day pupils, but 
 the appltoailons for admission for 
 boarders have for two cr tnree years 
 been considerable more than could 
 be met. It has a full staff of teachers 
 every town being under a separate 
 teacner, so that if there are rooms for 
 boarders.it could recei fo at least double 
 the present number of buyp. 
 
 Ht. John's College with Ht. John's 
 College Hchool, Is governed by a coun- 
 cil under statutes given by the Bishop 
 and san(tion«Kl by the Synod. It is a 
 chief meterologioal station for the Do- 
 minion of Canada, superintending a 
 number of stations in the Northwest 
 Territories. 
 
 The St. John's College Ladies' 
 Hchool is a new institution. 'The 
 'Ohooi is under Miss Hurl Davlesas 
 principal, and has a stnlT of govern- 
 t^sses and masters that will oe in- 
 creased as may be required. 
 
 It ia built of solid brick, with stona 
 
• OoilM* 
 
 ■ oi ^K« 
 . John'* 
 
 a. Jotin't 
 
 1 MrM. 
 
 Ui« lint 
 
 \l. H.fOf 
 rl» by Um 
 
 i«itw,th« 
 )w It aon- 
 h« Hithop 
 HMkktoh 
 
 , of whum 
 MaaltutMk 
 n* In th« 
 
 cliftrgo of 
 
 (:t>ur«h 
 r Trinity, 
 . B A.. M 
 iw flhuroh 
 ad (nirtat 
 )W oliiiroh 
 Mion (Irtb- 
 gy of Ui« 
 « fiilrnm* 
 
 uartih of 
 lie l»«T. D- 
 IK without 
 tiiin North 
 
 Oathedral 
 in*« Cathe- 
 h iindAt » 
 reaent of ft 
 t ol th«M 
 
 1 at prrMnt 
 The Hlih- 
 vntniita of 
 bttMi oom- 
 
 y the !l«T. 
 
 ncfi under 
 )liii Mao- 
 Ions victa- 
 
 mt Kruwtb 
 
 to Tarloua 
 
 ir of rooma 
 t no rooma 
 eralty atu- 
 
 thal have 
 m^ Hohool. 
 ure remoT- 
 
 School for 
 eK^ Laiitea' 
 >rl luade to 
 rbeoloffloal 
 
 8t. John'a 
 
 School for 
 id 00 board- 
 ynplla, bat 
 iiMton for 
 bbreeyean 
 ban could 
 of teachera 
 a aeparate 
 . rooma for 
 eaat double 
 
 St John'a 
 1 by a conn- 
 the Blahop 
 od. Itiaa 
 for the Do- 
 itending a 
 NortJiweat 
 
 ■ge Ladiea' 
 tton. The 
 L Davi6Bi>i 
 of govern- 
 rlU be In- 
 d. 
 with aUme 
 
 rut 
 
 In i«n. ftaM ttial time, It fiaa mmU 
 atMMty laitabataiitlal i>r<tf rMM. tlie 
 •amtNMr m attMlmU In at(«a4|MM« kttk 
 Maaion waa furt* thrii* Thtt mw m 
 
 CKNTIt\L HOHOOL, WINNII'KIJ, MAVITOIU. Am Pay0 W 
 
 
 rpandntlon. In a harinonluua comblna- 
 t on of Hwiaa, Rngllab.and American 
 Uothlo, with manaard roof, Lhavliig 
 four n.H»r». Hnlahad ♦•""•-I.^ui, tna 
 •Ite la 4AxM ft., with projtotlona on 
 fuur aldej 
 
 The Internal arrangenenU are com- 
 Plete In every reapent, the whole 
 iMilldlng Im.Idk heated by hot air on 
 the latest Improvnd ayatem, one patr 
 •nted »iy the architect Thwe la alio 
 a Ponii)lnte •yHi«>ni of water worka 
 ■upplytufi the ilormltorlea and oloaeta 
 throughout This will alao be a aafe- 
 
 Kard Hgainat tire, aa a hoae can be at- 
 ihed on each floor . 
 
 It haa accommodation for thirty 
 pupllB and four la<ly MsalaUnU . Raoh 
 fl.wr laprovlde*! with the neoemiary 
 doseta and bath-rooma, fixed waab- 
 ■tanda, etc. 
 
 The Church of England la mainly 
 Indebted for this line S<!liool to a very 
 tcenerouncontributluu by aulergftnan 
 In Kugland. 
 
 By meana of the endowmenU that 
 nave been secured, the (ihargea at 
 theae iuatitutions are much Iraa than 
 at auch flrat-clasa Inatitutlona gener- 
 ally In America. 
 
 The followlnjf for example, are the 
 charges v>er term at the St. John's 
 C/Ollego Hehool. The tern) litato for 20 
 weeks— there being two in the year. 
 Pa* tor Tuition In Kngllah, CImiiIi<«, Malli- 
 «m»tlra, Includinii HurvaylDKUiil Uatlie- 
 mfti l«ti l)n«lua, Praooh knd Voost Miuloa 15 on 
 
 Inttruineiital If iwle r i« 
 
 Retinal tJbrwrjr BO 
 
 Bo>rdlnK (or bojtn under 16 SO Oo 
 
 RoardlDR for boynover 18 10 Oo 
 
 It new! sca'^oely be added that the 
 raiaing of thtsse Institutions in this 
 young country, is the renult of great 
 and continued effort With some ad- 
 ditional help they could be made very 
 efficient. The Bishop is particularly 
 anxious that scholardhips should b« 
 founded at them, both to encourage 
 deaerving and promising students, and 
 aapeclally for the benefit of theaons 
 KM daughters of the clergy. 
 
 A comparatively small Rum given in 
 tuiB way would materially strengthen 
 the Church, and cheer the Missiouarv 
 in his struggles to build up the church 
 in new dlstrlcta, where the people can 
 do Utile 
 
 UNivsnaiTT or mamitora. 
 There la now a Unlveratty of Mani- 
 toba nnaaUXnw nf »>ifM> >><t||««Ma HF 
 John's, bt liiinirare and Manitolm, 
 and likely bye and bveto have more 
 oonnetited with It The irnlverslly 
 to be governed by a council conalating 
 of a (;hi' icellor and Vice Chancellor 
 of Uepresflntalivea for each of the 
 ('olle^^a, three Uepreeentativeii e[ectr 
 ed by the Convention of Ormluates. 
 and two ItepreaentativeA of the Hoard 
 of KducHtlon. The liishop if llii- 
 perls Land has been aniwilnted Chan- 
 cellor, the Hon. J. Royal, VUm Chan- 
 cellor, and the other members of 
 Henate are now being elected. Degreea 
 In arts, sciences, law and me(licine 
 win tie given by the united universi- 
 ty, but power has \ttmn given t<» the 
 several colleges, with the consent of 
 the religious bodies they are connec- 
 ted with, to establish separate aoole- 
 tlea of theology. The ('ouncil of 8t 
 John's Coileae has accordingly under 
 this act, with the sanction of the Di- 
 ocese Hyno<' of Uu|Msrt's I.^nd, estab- 
 lished a Faoulty for the examination 
 of randldatea for the degrees of B. D. 
 and I). I). 
 
 THK PRBaBTTESIAK CIIirROlI m CAN- 
 ADA. 
 
 This chnroh la repreaented In the 
 nortbWMt by the Presbytery of Mani- 
 toba. The territory occupied by this 
 presbytery is very extensive, embrac- 
 ing ttie whole Canadian northweat. 
 There are, connected with the presby- 
 tery, thirteen ministers, and three 
 oatechlsta. The number of c<ingrega- 
 tiona with settletl pastors, is four; of 
 vacant congregations, also four; of 
 mission stHliotm, twenty-two; making 
 in all, fortv-three placet, where servic- 
 es are regularly held. The number of 
 families connected with the congrega- 
 tions and mission stations of the 
 church, exclusive of Indians, is about 
 eight hundred ; of members in full 
 communion, about seven hundred and 
 fifty. There are aho four Indian 
 schools connected with the pre'ibytery. 
 
 The moat Important educational 
 agen y of the church In the north- 
 west fa 
 
 MAmrOBA OOLLBOB. 
 
 Thia Institution is situat«il in the 
 city of Wi/iulpes. It was esfiblished 
 
 while preparing rnr or- 
 tal ami profMHluiuU 
 
 forty 
 
 irlngft 
 
 ■ rofMNI 
 
 ilafftti« junior and 
 
 ion aiaailnaUona In 
 
 Jana4tan unlvmrstUaa, 
 
 illou In .aw or mtxllrinii, 
 
 niitr»iir'« on the «v<<irs«a 
 
 of atrtoulturo ami rivit anclmwiioiL 
 
 and for baglnnlng tliiKilo|v In any of 
 
 tlM (Mia^uai oolTagw Tnere la alao. 
 
 a contpMa ooanm given In IhtMilogy 
 
 and lU fliigiiate stibjacl «, to ynuni mim 
 
 •ludylng fur the uilntstry of t^ 
 
 nhurelk U la intmuitMl als«>, to auwi^t 
 
 MiaiNWnwof Inairuntlon In IhetMitlaM 
 
 totheoarrlmilum of the Unlveralty Of 
 
 UanlK^ Juat fatabliahwd. 
 
 Whl|« th« oollege btilldlngaat pre* 
 ent oaetipWNl, are •Mfflnlently (Mimino- 
 dioua fw tiBMedlaU neoeaatllM. thay 
 are intaoted to aerva niaraly a t«nipo- 
 rary parfOM. It la the itUrntion of 
 the C4)lMt* board to •rnrt, an soon aa 
 possible, nermanent buildings, for 
 whioh a suluhle site has been already 
 secured. Kor this i>ur|>oiie It will be 
 iiei'eaaary for the friends of the col- 
 eae to oome to the aaalstaiioe of the 
 hoard with ihHir subscriptions. The 
 support acctinled In the past has liean 
 of tna moat generous and illieral da»> 
 orlutlon: but the growing attendanoa 
 at UMOOllem will s<M)n render greater 
 aooomoMNlMlons hhsolulely iiecaaaary. 
 •Mill v^! far s^»tmT efforts from »•! 
 who daalra to urmioU^ the tntereataof 
 the church ami the cause of higher ed- 
 ucation In the north went. 
 
 '4 .nsru^ Staff' i\f Ifutrrtntorn in Man- 
 iU>ba OtMtff- Hev, (}«orge Hrvoa, M. 
 A., Profaaaor <if Hclence and Litera- 
 ture; liev. Thomas Hart, M. A., Pro- 
 fessor of Classics and French; Rat. 
 .lamea Robertaon, Lecturer on Hyata- 
 niatlo Theology- Ilev. John HIack, D. 
 I)., Lecturer on Illhllcal Crltlclam ; Mr. 
 Alexander K.rguson, Klnnentary Tu- 
 tor. 
 
 (tfflmn qf ih* Board qf Manav 
 tntint.— Hon. A. O. B. Bannatyne^ 
 Chairman; Rev. I'rofeaaor ilart M. 
 A., Secretary; Duncan Macartbnr, 
 Ksq., Traaaurer. 
 
 ColUgtBtnatt.- Rev. I'rofeaaor Bryofl 
 M. A., Chairman ; Hev. I'rofeaaor Hart, 
 M. A., Heoretary ; Rev. John Black, O 
 D.; Rev. lames Hobertaon; Ilev. AJ- 
 exander Mathesoti. 
 
 It may be added that while tha ooU 
 lege Isconiiet'ttMl with the I'resbyterl- 
 an (.'huroh It is, In Its regular and com- 
 mercial courses, i>«rf««tly unaootai Ian 
 In character. 
 
 HBTHODIHT OiniROn OrfOANADA 
 Haa fifteen ministera and one native 
 aaaiatMit about 2,000 membain In good 
 standlog, 70dlfferent preaching plaoea, 
 94 aal'bath achoola. about •30,000 ez- 
 pendad during the year ending Maj 
 1870, by the missionary society In aua> 
 talning missionaries, furnishing 
 schools, &c. Several more mtssionarlea 
 have been asked for this year. The work 
 Is divided Into two districts. One em- 
 braces the province of Manitoba and 
 Keewatin and several iniHsions in tha 
 north and is called Red River dlstr let 
 The other called the Saakatcbewan 
 district, embraces our work In the N. 
 W. Territories. Each district Is pr»- 
 sided over by a chairman. The chair- 
 mau of Red River district resides in 
 Winnipeg and the chairman of Saa- 
 katcbewan atltow MUl, N W= T. 
 
 PEACE RIVER. 
 
 Before closing my remarks about 
 the resources of Manitoba and tha 
 Northwest; I would add that Professor 
 
("] 
 
 ;'-«:;a 
 
 
 mm 
 
 
 1 
 
 'v 
 
 
 
 Hil iiliniUiiii 
 
 ■ '"!"'•. ., ■ ri ■ill'' : '■ " ■■ ■.:" '■ 
 
 - » • 
 
 ■, • . ■^.'!?»*::3S!"'rsr~r~^«'»«~ 
 
 « 
 
 .— 
 
 <« 
 
 
 oivUliitlon, th« fJr««-trMl>r, wm not 
 allowe<f In their domiUn. Their pollny 
 waa to keep it a "terra in coKnita.'' 
 Tbat in wiiy we did not know alxiut It. 
 Through the purohaae of their ohart- 
 ei" by the Dominion Oovernnr -at, un- 
 der the I'remlenihlp ofHIr Jobu A. Mo 
 Dontdd, and the InimenBe Rurveva 
 begun by hia goTernnieut, mainly n>r 
 tlie Canadian I'ac'flo Railway, 8upple- 
 meuted by further sclentlllo antt pri- 
 vate explorations (the jountry twluv 
 thiown o|>en to n-ee trade and tr<«vel) 
 the rea! truth hai begnn to be known 
 about it. 
 UManitoba ha a a very One 
 
 MANITOBA COLLEGE, WINNirK", MANITOBA. Bee Page i\. 
 
 John MAconn, tbe goverament bota- 
 nlBt, who has crossed the continent 
 twice expresuly to make inquiries Into 
 the flom and geological f'^rmationof 
 the Northwest, especially in the Peace 
 RiV3r district, "hlch is to the north 
 andnortbwes' ^f the Haskatchewan, 
 beyond the Athabasca river and east of 
 the Bocky Mountains, was examined 
 at great lengi i by the Parliamentary 
 oopmlttee o i immigration. Daring 
 th^ examinat on h(>> gave such r'oora 
 of his ^nowUdK that none li bted 
 the truth of Uls ^^saertions. 1 > val- 
 ley is betweeii lati I iide 50 and >9 and 
 longitndc 116 and 122 west from Green- 
 wifin. The 7 rofesaor found that the 
 enure district along the Peace river 
 for a distance of 
 
 7H0 HILB8 
 1p a belt 160 on each side, was as suita- 
 blJB for the cultivation of grain as that 
 of the province of Ontario or Upper 
 Ganada.) H«> haa brought samples of 
 wheat weighing 66 pounds to the bush- 
 el and of barley weighing r,f; pounds 
 to the bushel. The climate waa even 
 more suitable than in Ontiirio for 
 thdre were no wat autumns c' frost to 
 kill the voung grain. The pi mt« that 
 he found in that region w> re the same 
 as 
 
 , , THOSE ON }.AKB EEIE, 
 
 and further discDverlea satisfied him 
 that the two areaa were sixDllar ii; ev- 
 ery respect The icp in the river 
 broke tip in April. Slock raiainjrwas 
 not difficult because the grass remain- 
 ed fi«Bh apd green up to the t ery open- 
 ing of wlttter. He bad seen thouiwids 
 of acree of it three and four feet long 
 on levels 200 feet above •Peace Btrer. 
 He had tested the temperature, and 
 showed by figures that the averaj,e 
 rommer heat, throughout that entire 
 dutriot and way to the north of the 
 Peace river valley, was similar to that 
 of Toronto and Montreal and much 
 higher than that of Halifax. He was 
 poaltive that the climate was uncom- 
 monly suitcble for agriculture. Be- 
 sides the peculiar excellence of the 
 country for cereals he had found 
 thousands of acres of crystal ized salt, 
 so pure that, it was used in ita natural 
 State by the Hudson Bay Go. 
 
 COAL 
 
 abounded In the richest veins and was 
 so internstratiaed with b'termatele or 
 iron ore yielding 60 per cent that no 
 
 locality could be better for manufac- 
 turing. Thousands of acres of 
 
 OOAL OIL I'lELDS 
 
 were found, the tar lying on the 
 g/ound being ankle deep; miles and 
 miles of the pnrost gypsum beds 
 cropped out of the river beds; coal 
 beda abound along the ectstt'rn slopes 
 of the Rocky Mountains and extend 
 in large seams throughout the coun- 
 try. In short, Prof. Macoun believed 
 the northwest to be the riubeat part of 
 Canada, piophesied that it wouid yet 
 become tne homes of millionp of peo- 
 ple, prosperous and happv. It might 
 be well to Hlate, that this committee 
 was uot made up entirely of believers 
 of the human sustaining resourcaa of 
 that section or the northwest gener- 
 ally, i,v any means, but the ProfesBor 
 submlited such a very foil collection 
 of the 
 
 FAUNA, FLORA, MINERALS, SOILS, 
 
 etc., etc., of that section, with such 
 full data, that belief took the plaoe of 
 doubt. I am informed that thin, with 
 other similar collections, can be found 
 in the proper department at Ottawa. 
 In speaking of salt I would say tbat 
 
 Erenous to the connection of Manito- 
 a by steam with the States and Cana- 
 da, all the salt they used was made 
 near Lake Manitoba, but their appli- 
 ances being rude, and distance consid- 
 erable, its manufacture is not at pres- 
 ent continued, though salt apringa of 
 remunerative atrength stfl^ exist 
 there, and soon its manufacture may 
 be recommenced with the cheaper fa- 
 cilities of modem and complete con- 
 veniences. 
 
 WHV HAVBN'T WE KNOWN AND HOV.' DO 
 WE KNOW? 
 
 Perfaapo some readers may wonder 
 why it is tbat the great and magnifi- 
 cent country embraced ?n Manltolm 
 and the Canadian Northwest has only 
 just b36n discovered, and how it is 
 known tbat the atatements herein 
 made are correct. 
 
 Want of apace alone forbids this be- 
 ing answered fu'ly. Brifcfly it is this: 
 From 1670 to 1.S70 this wliole section 
 was held in complete vassalage by the 
 Hudson Bay <'o., and espeoidliy so 
 since its absorption in 1821 of the 
 Northwest Co., its previous competitor. 
 No white man could be in all this 
 great territory *on day» withoat their 
 Knowing It The real missionary of 
 
 _AGRXCaiy.XnB.ATi HCKJ 
 
 CliXY. 
 
 I have before me the prize Hat for the 
 Fifth Anr'ial Kxhlbitlon, which was 
 held last Octoiter. The premiums 
 amounted to about |3,000, and compe- 
 tition being opened to the entire Can- 
 adian Northwest, the display was 
 very full and gratifying to all inter- 
 ested, and was a pleasant surprise in 
 tht quality, as well as quantitrof ar- 
 ticles exhfhitud. 
 
 While Manitoba has hitherto hemn 
 oonsidi: ed and treate<i as a Nortliwestr 
 em or prairie region, I would say she 
 also lays claim and presenta proof as 
 being also 
 
 A MABiriME FBOVINE, 
 
 by means of the navigation offered 
 through Hudson Bay. The follo,vlng 
 description of this great northern bisin, 
 is from an addroes of Sanford Fleming 
 Esq., Chief Eugineer of the Canadian 
 Pacific railway: 
 
 "Any one by exainlnlnR an oroft.'apbloal map 
 of North America, will notice that a great qonti- 
 nental plain atretcbi^H north and soutb between 
 theOulfof Mexico -^nrt the Arctic IKiean. It la 
 lH)uniiM(l on the western side thoroUKhout by the 
 Kt-oky Mountain Range an.l on the eastern side 
 In part, by the'AppalachaIn Range. This great 
 plain occupies the whole of North Amertoa, be- 
 tween the eastern aud western -nountaln ranges. 
 Its rtver systems are divided Into three distinct 
 drainage basins, one south Into the Gulf of 
 Mexloo, another north lato Arci t - Waters aud the 
 (bird, east Into the Atlantic ilirouKh iua 8t. 
 Lawrence Fiver. 01 these three basins the St. 
 Lawrence is tar the siualli^t In area, while the 
 northern is fully as large as the other t^o put j<)- 
 gether. The divide between the nort erii and 
 southern basins, approximates near the Inter- 
 national boundary between Canada and (be 
 United States." 
 
 The nortkwestem part of the Htate of 
 Minnnesota is In this valley. This 
 part of that Btate has by far its finest 
 wheat land j. Nortbecstem Dakota is 
 also in this same basin, its wheat 
 value and rapid settlement equals if 
 not exceeds tdat of Miuuesota. Conse- 
 quently, it is a part of andsympathetlu 
 with the northern basin. The outlet 
 of » large portien of the wheat belt of 
 this basin— tAe largest in thf world— 
 is through 
 
 SEI8ON RIVER TO HUneON BAY, 
 
 ftom the mouth of whL';h river It is 
 nearer by a (U. .isiderable distance to 
 Liverpool than the Port of New York 
 to Liverpool. The direct western port- 
 ion of the system of navigation of the 
 southern part of this l>aa*n and south 
 and southwest portion of the same 
 system iu the Red and Asslneboin Val- 
 lays, meet at a comiu'v point at the 
 northern end of Lake ^ mnipeK, a dis- 
 tance of sown 373 miles from Hudson 
 Bay, via the River Nelson, at a point 
 710 feet al)OTe the sea level. The 
 distance, 870 miles of river, is about 
 the same as f^m BufiGftlo to Troy, 
 New York, (360 miles) the two 
 termini of the Erie Canal, while the 
 elevation to overcome is approxlmar 
 tely the same viz: 710 feet to 664 feet 
 
WM not 
 leir i)<>lloy 
 cognlt*.' 
 1 al)out It. 
 leJr ob»rt- 
 DT-at, un- 
 >hu A. Mo 
 
 B 8UrV«V8 
 
 oAiuly n>r 
 ly, Huupie- 
 and prt- 
 itry l)eluK 
 nd truvel) 
 b« knowu 
 
 JJSOi. 
 
 lUt for the 
 which was 
 prenuuDCB 
 ind comp«- 
 Biitire Ciin- 
 isplay was 
 
 all inter- 
 lurprise in 
 atltyof w- 
 
 therto t)een 
 
 Northweat 
 
 lid say «he 
 
 ita proof aa 
 
 VINE, 
 
 Ltion offered 
 e following 
 thernbiBln, 
 rd FlemiuK 
 lie Caiiadlan 
 
 fi.'apbloal DiKp 
 A a peat oontl- 
 soutn between 
 10 ocean. Itw 
 ougbout by tbe 
 le eastern side 
 56. Tills great 
 
 1 America, be- 
 ountaln ranges. 
 I three distinct 
 
 the fi'il' of 
 Wateri auit tbe 
 irouKb tu.J St. 
 baffis tbe St. 
 urea, wbile the 
 ther two put i«>- 
 
 1 nort erti and 
 lear the Intgr- 
 narta and w»e 
 
 rtheBtateof 
 Uley. Thlfl 
 'ar its finest 
 ■n Dakota la 
 , its wheat 
 at equals if 
 jota. Conse- 
 aympathetiu 
 The outlet 
 heat belt of 
 ih3 world — 
 
 BON BAY, 
 
 ih liver it la 
 diatanoe to 
 1 New York 
 weatern port- 
 ^tion of the 
 t and aouth 
 )f the aame 
 slneboin Val- 
 point at the 
 inipeg, a dia- 
 from Hudaon 
 1, at a point 
 k level. The 
 iver, ia about 
 ao to Troy, 
 
 Bthe two 
 , while the 
 I approxima^ 
 it to 664 feet 
 
 aQd564itaetby the WeUand knd St. 
 liawrenoe oauala. By tbe 
 
 RBPORT OF l>ROF. U. Y. HIKD 
 
 made before tbe Committee on Avrl- 
 oulture and Eitalgtatloa, at the faat 
 seaelon (1878) of tiie Dominion Parlia- 
 ment, <ui amount of Ikcta, founded on 
 careAil and long reaearoh, waa 
 
 §iven that carried oouvlction of 
 w praotlcabllity of ooeau navigation 
 tbrouifh at d out of Hu'laon Bay, ap 
 proacniug in duration to nearly the 
 same ilnin as the navigation of the 
 G<eat Lakea, at leaat the Lake 
 Huperlor portion thereof, eapeci- 
 ally If maintained by ateam vea- 
 aela. apettialiv adaoted to that navi- 
 Kation. Thia would not only aiTord a 
 grain route out, but the emigration 
 route in, to ttiia great and deairable Hec- 
 tion. Though the formal report that 
 Prof. Hind bad prepart'<l before f^oiiig 
 before thia oomraittee has been aiiioe 
 published, it doea not embrace one 
 half of the practical fact^ urought out 
 iu the riffitl orosa-oxiimination he un- 
 der we Jt in the three days he waa be- 
 fore f lem, from tbe (jueatioca of Indi- 
 vidual membera and others. 
 
 Of t lie many who were preaent during 
 the days he made thia report and un- 
 derwent the rigid queetlonlugHof thoee 
 preaent, who were tiie moat akeptical, 
 aa well as thoee who vbile not favor- 
 able were willing to fairly receive any 
 trutha, there waa ui)t one but that felt 
 convinced of at leaat this, "that there 
 waa something In it." It being dp 7 
 good fortune to be among thoee presenr, 
 I am frank to confeaa such waa my 
 conviction, .vild as I have hitherto 
 considered such a scheme. There 
 seems to be little doubt but that at tbe 
 present aeesiou of the Dominion Parlia- 
 meot, measures will be taken to de- 
 monstrate iu a greater or less degree, 
 the praotloability of the scheme then 
 so nilly and reasonably sustained. 
 Hhould iuch expk'lment demonstrate 
 its feasibility, tb'» eflfect of such an ou!.- 
 let upon thts ('anadian Northeweet 
 would be apparent to every thoughtful 
 miad, without any auggeationa of 
 mine. 
 
 BNIiARaEMENT OF BtANITOBA. 
 
 Ia it not reaaonable to auppoae, that 
 the area of this little Province, aa at 
 preaent organized, not equaling in size 
 some of tbe couutlee In tne older Pro- 
 vinces and in many of the States, will 
 soon be enlarged, both on grounds of 
 executive economy and for otherpolitl- 
 cal and practical reasons? Should 
 such an enlargement be made, taking 
 the International boundary for its 
 southern line, the 106th degree of longi- 
 tude for its western line, tbe 60th 
 parallel of latitude for iiu. northern and 
 the waters of Hudson Bay and the 
 western limits of Ontario for Its east- 
 ern line, then would this great; and 
 common island system of navigation 
 of the Bed, Assinboin, Lake Winnipeg, 
 the Saskatchewan and by railway con- 
 nection with the Atbaltaaca, Peace, 
 etc., united in the Nelson Elver and 
 Hudson Bay route, be under one har- 
 monious legislation. This would 
 seem to be but a fair and just arange- 
 me nt for thia Province, to give it 
 
 A NAVf 4ABLB PORT 
 
 as an outlet, and prevent much un- 
 favorable leginlation that might occur, 
 were ita navigation ayatem under the 
 ohnvi of perhaps competitive legisla- 
 tion, ducn an enlargement as above 
 suggested, would be moat Just, aa by 
 the terms of the recent settlement of 
 the weatern fcouudariea of Ontario, 
 Manitoba is thus out off* from any 
 reaaonable chance of any Lake Port of 
 
 MARKET AND CITY HALL, WINNIPEG. aeepageX. 
 
 Its own, for the shipment of Ita pro- 1 
 ducta. Hhould the seeming Justice of I 
 Ibis enlargement be carried out, giving 
 Iwundarles as approximately descri- 
 bed, Manitoba would then become a 
 
 MABA.TIMB PROVINOB, 
 
 very similar in Ita position, with Hud- 
 son Bay navigation, to the State of 
 Louisiana witu the navigation of the 
 Gulf of Mexico; aa a n-aln and emi- 
 grant route, by ita cooler atmoaphere 
 with much in ita favor over the torrid j 
 temperature of the Gulf route, l>esldea 
 leaving a properly portioned area fori 
 another Province weat of the 105th ' 
 degree of longitude, east of British 
 Columbia and south of the 60th parallel I 
 of latitude, with the pnsent territorial j 
 capital of Baltleforu, well within Its j 
 limits, for awhile at least, to remaia Ita 
 political centre. I 
 
 CAUSES THAT ABE FORCING EMI- 
 eBATION WEST. 
 
 Bight here I would say that want of 
 space a'one prevents my giving an 
 array of facts bearing on this auoject 
 thav would be a aurprise to most of 
 my readers. Hence do not think be- 
 cause I may make only aasertiona 
 that it ia frcm a want of a convincing 
 amount of facts that they are not 
 given here. 
 
 A g reat portion of the population iu 
 the older States la Berioualy and per- 
 manently affected by the constant in- 
 troduction of new 
 
 LABOR-SAYINO HAOHINBBY. 
 
 Thia holds good in the various manu- 
 factures of metals, as well as textile 
 fabrics— clotha, etc. In fact there ia 
 not a single branch of manufacture in 
 which labor-savipg machinery is not 
 being constantly Introduced. Many 
 braLches in the last ten to twenty 
 years have been entirely revolution- 
 ized. This is especially so in the man- 
 ufacture of clothing, boots aad shoes, 
 etc. I will confine myself to the men- 
 tion of a single instance to show what 
 a change is taking place in manufac- 
 turing. 
 
 At a Social Science Convention held 
 in May last (1878), at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 to consider this labor question, the 
 proprietor of an old and large woolen 
 factory in the,cily of Philadelpbia 
 read a paper on this subject, in which 
 he said that.during the last five years, 
 such had been the improvement in 
 woolen machinery introduced into 
 thdir mills that with the same produc- 
 tive capacity, 60 per cent or one-ha f 
 
 of bhfl former number of their opera- 
 tives in 1872 had been supplanted. 
 
 Similar statements were the e made 
 by all kinds of manufacturers 
 toroughout the States ; and still new 
 and improved machines adapted lo all 
 kinds of manufactures are constantly 
 being invented and pat in use. As a 
 result, at least on»-third;of the preaent 
 number of mechanics and factory op- 
 eratives mu»t go elsewhere. 
 
 The poorest feeling mon in the 
 States for the past Ave yearp have been 
 thoee whose property was In cash. 
 They have not dared to touch real es- 
 tate, mortgages, railway, bank or in- 
 surance stocks, wi^h rates of Interest 
 constantly growin)^ less, until it now 
 seems as though 4 per cent would be 
 all they could get for amounts of any 
 size. As evioence of this see the 
 ami/unt of our 4 per cent United 
 States bonds taken, mainly by our 
 own people, in the first 00 days of this 
 year, folly 9350,000,000. Hence 
 
 THK CAPITALISTS 
 
 are now looking for deairable Western 
 polnta, to come with their families 
 and capital. In Manitoba interest 
 when not mentioned is six per cent, 
 but it can be written to twenty per 
 cent and be lawful. 
 fBy the building up of large and 
 small wholesale centres all over the 
 West, and the customs bonding sys- 
 tem, wher«l)y foreign goods landed at 
 our ocean ports can be transgajted in 
 bond to custom houses in our W3Stem 
 cities before paying the duties, and 
 other causes, among which are throngb 
 rates of freight to and from Western 
 cities to Liverpool and oth«r Enro- 
 pf an porta, the area of country form- 
 erly tributary to the wholesale trade 
 in our seaboard c!ties is being re- 
 stricted so that at least one third of 
 
 THE WHOLESALE MEB0HANT8 
 
 ih those cities are now looking fot 
 new trade ceatres, and where can they 
 find them but in the new and growing 
 West and Nor t!i west? 
 
 These facta, britfly mentioned, show 
 that all dassetj, the capitalist, mer- 
 chant and laborer, in the old States, 
 are anxiously wishing to make 
 changes, not only of their business lo- 
 cation, but their families and homes. 
 I 1 rgrot that I have not the space to 
 speak of the subject ac fully as the 
 qurstion demands. 
 
 What holds good on this subject in 
 the older States aqd Provinces of Can- 
 ada also exists, Inlt greater degree U 
 anything, not only in Great Britain 
 
IMJ 
 
 PACIFIC HOTEL. WINNIPEG. MANITOBA. Bee Fege'Jti. 
 
 but all over Continental Europe, and 
 the same result must and will follow, 
 ▼Jz: A large proportion of the popu- 
 lation mujt cbange their location. 
 
 Where can they safely take their 
 families, in regard to health alone V 
 Certainly not to the tropical, but the 
 cooler temperate climate of the New 
 World, within the United StutM or 
 Canada. 
 
 WHO SEOULD COlfE? 
 
 Well, about the first men who 
 ■hoald start are the EngllBh tecvnt 
 farmers, who are paying to da^ £8 to 
 SB (tlS to $40) per acre annual land 
 rent. The population of the Island of 
 Great Britain proper— England. Wales 
 and Scotland— is about 22,n00,00O, 
 while all the lands south of ttie ex- 
 treme mountainous parts of Scotland 
 are held by less than 30,000 landown- 
 ers. What is the use of the farmer 
 staying there, without the ghost of a 
 chance of getting an acre, and paying 
 anch prices for farm lands to some 
 one else, who does not thank you, but 
 treats you as though he was doing you 
 a great favor, when by coming to the 
 Canadian Northwest the father and 
 every one of his sons of 18 years and 
 over can get a 
 
 FREE IIOHESTBAD, 
 
 ot 100 acres, for nothing, by simply 
 living on it three years and making 
 small improvements, and preempt 
 (that is, get land on three years' cremt 
 without interest) 160 acres more, with 
 also the privilege of making a tree- 
 claim of leo acrts at no cost but the 
 setting out ten acres of trees it six 
 years? After that he can buv more 
 land at four shillings or one dollar per 
 acre. To give a better idea of the size 
 of 180 acres of land I would say it is a 
 
 FARM TWO MILB8 AROUND. 
 
 A widow, the head of a family, be It 
 more or less, has the same land rights 
 in Canada as a male of 18 years or 
 over. The Government that offers this 
 is the same as the one you are now 
 living under, and the same flag will be 
 over you. It is "ihe only part of the 
 world under the British flag where 
 you can get free prairie farms readv 
 for the plow, and in a climate that for 
 healthfulness far exceeds Old Eng- 
 land. 
 
 THE OAPWALIST 
 
 should come, for he oan get high and 
 
 safe rates of Interest, and make money 
 in other ways, even if he does not 
 want t farm. He can live in the 
 larger places, where social, church and 
 school facilities are good enough for 
 any one. 
 
 THE KRRCBANT, 1- 
 
 especially thelwhoksale mau, should 
 come, because it is a new and growing 
 country and will be much nearer prof- 
 itable paving trade than remaining in 
 the old cities. 
 
 THE HANTXrAeTUBBR • '"''" 
 
 should come, because he is near the 
 consumer, nearer raw materials, and, 
 being where breadstuffs are raised, his 
 operatives san live cheaper. 
 
 TUB POOBlMAN 
 
 should come, because in no way on 
 earth can he get what we all covet— a 
 home and self- ownership— 30 easily. 
 From his homestead, which the Gov- 
 ernment will give all settlers, he will 
 always be sure of a roof over his head 
 and food for his family after the first 
 year or two. 
 
 By the railways and othjr avenues 
 of transportation that now have 
 reached Manitoba, and will soon be all 
 over the Canadian Northwest, can the 
 settler soon have low rates or freight 
 to Eastern markets for his produce, 
 and ihese rates will always be getting 
 less as new routes are opened up east 
 from Manitoba. This is the universal 
 experience of all new countries as 
 they grow older, and for an especial 
 reason why this will be so in the Can- 
 adian Northwest seo the account of 
 the superb water system, under the 
 head of "Navigation," preceding this. 
 A word more. Do not consider this a 
 remote, oat-of-tho-way section, for the 
 evening dally papers of Winnipeg 
 publish the telegraphic English, Eu- 
 ropean and United States news of the 
 same day. 
 
 In no place is capital as safely re- 
 numerative, as in deciJed and fixed 
 new sections. There is every thing 
 to be done and the people there can, 
 do and will pay higher rates of inter- 
 est, than in older sections. What cap- 
 italists want to do is to come out, look 
 at the country, find vChat places are 
 fixed natural points and sure of a pros- 
 perous growth, then settle themselves 
 aad quietl> watch their opportunities. 
 In the mean time keep a close mouth 
 as to whether they have any money or 
 
 not, In other words kaep their bail- 
 neM to themsalves, and opportunities 
 perfectly satisfying to them will soon 
 be presented. By so doing their op- 
 portunities for learning the true in- 
 wardness of anv plac« will be increas- 
 ed and they will save themselves much 
 annoyance that thev will otherwise be 
 troubled with. The class that new 
 sections really present 
 
 aOOD OPBNINQS FOR 
 
 are those men who are comfortably 
 fixed themselves, who have a growing 
 family particularly o; Imys, and who 
 wish to have their families grow up 
 and settle about them, which I think 
 in natural to all parents. Now a davs 
 in old sections it is almost certain 
 that the bovs will strav away and most 
 of them to the west. Now. it is mnch 
 better for the father to sell out his 
 high p^< led land, come to the new seo- 
 lion, take up the cheap acres, home- 
 steads &o., enough for all his boys, and 
 thus enable them to grow up about 
 the home nest; this is wiser and bet- 
 ter for all, than for the sake of a few 
 years more of present comfort to 
 fin<* themselves • one in middle life 
 c Id age with more or less of their 
 jub drifting about away from them. 
 While for the daughters there is no 
 comparison between the two sections 
 In the chances they wiil have to get 
 husbands that car give them homes of 
 their own, and all the independence 
 that such possessions give them and 
 theirs. Such men should come out 
 and see If these things are not so. Ed- 
 ucational facilities are attainable any- 
 where, if not, it IS largely the fault of 
 the settlers for the munificence of the 
 school grant of Manitoba is ample 
 enough for all, if rightly managed. 
 Again the sons growing up with such 
 surroundings and settled prospects, 
 will escape much more of the foppery 
 ^nd unsettled views of life, than in 
 older sections that show no openings 
 except clerkships &c. 
 
 To those who, on reaching here will 
 have nothing left but their hands, if 
 they will bear in mind that to create 
 a visible something, from an invisible 
 nothing, is a divine power, and that 
 the odds are against them though not 
 as largely as in the old sections; and 
 will accept and hen the disadvanta- 
 ges they labor under, oe cheerful, hope- 
 ful, industrious and prove themselves 
 reliable — such men are wanted every- 
 where and in no place more than m 
 the new settlements. In such pla- 
 ces this kind of men never fail 
 thi° but few of them do so, hence the 
 Northwest is not to-day short of good 
 for nothings, but men of the latter 
 kind coming out here will find moat 
 discouraging competition in that line. 
 
 MANUrAOTURBB 
 
 of all kinds will be wanted, and will 
 have the great cost of transportion 
 from present manufacturing oenters, 
 the customs, duties eto., as extra aids. 
 The more primary or simple w..ntBwlM 
 need supply in the new sections °ud 
 the more costly and nice, as ihey grow 
 older. As all the people come from old, 
 well settled and well furnished homes, 
 so, too, will they have ai>out them here, 
 all those little home luxuries they 
 once had, such possession and purchase 
 being only a matter of time. But 
 those who come thinking to live by 
 their wits, I care not into what new 
 section they may go, will find some 
 there ahead of tnem who in that 
 worthless employment can double dis- 
 count them. For persons of delicate 
 constitutions, or poor health, there is 
 no place on this green earth where 
 
ir but- 
 
 tunltlM 
 
 rill Boon 
 
 hetr op- 
 truii tn- 
 
 ^eamuoh 
 irwUe b« 
 bat new 
 
 afortably 
 growing 
 and who 
 grow up 
 
 1 think 
 }W a days 
 t certain 
 and most 
 t Is mnob 
 II out hla 
 ) new seo- 
 res, home- 
 boys, and 
 up about 
 r and bet- 
 B of a few 
 imfort to 
 aiddle life 
 IB of their 
 rom them, 
 here is uo 
 o aeotlons 
 kve to get 
 u homes of 
 iependenoe 
 ) them and 
 come out 
 not Bo. Ed- 
 Inable any- 
 he fault of 
 eace of the 
 » is ample 
 r managed. 
 } with such 
 
 prospects, 
 the foppery 
 (e, than in 
 10 openings 
 
 IMJ 
 
 g here will 
 r hands, if 
 
 to create 
 in invisible 
 
 and that 
 though not 
 «tions ; and 
 disadvanta- 
 serful.hope- 
 themselves 
 mted every- 
 ire than in 
 1 such pla- 
 never fail 
 , hence the 
 lort of good 
 
 the latter 
 
 find most 
 n that line. 
 
 k1, and will 
 trans portion 
 Ing centers, 
 
 extra aids. 
 eWi',ntBMrin 
 ectioDtt Slid 
 
 they grow 
 me from old, 
 hed homes, 
 t them here, 
 xurles they 
 nd purchase 
 time. But 
 ; to live by 
 
 wliat new 
 1 find some 
 rho in that 
 
 double dis- 
 
 of delicate 
 ilth, there is 
 sarth where 
 
 they wlU ItTeout all their days as here. 
 It does Beem HtranKe to me, that 
 Manitoba aiul thtii gr«*at northwest 
 does not All up with grpster rapidity 
 than It does, when this fait Is knowu; 
 it it tht only neHion under tha British 
 flag, in which fret prairie homM in 
 th» healthiMt aiimate that fit g U)a\M 
 otMf, are given 
 
 A ROTAL GIFT 
 
 to actual settlors. There are surely 
 thoiisandfl In Oreat BrltHin, sons or 
 wealthy farmers and tiadearaen, sec- 
 ond and younger sons of the nobility 
 as well as foung Ganadiana who can 
 come here and secOTe. in point of do- 
 main, au earldom. 
 
 Now, why don't they come? It 
 must be because of their Ignorance of 
 the above fact. New Zealand Kives 
 every man that pays his own passage 
 40 acres, while if he wants anymore 
 it costs him a pound, or tlv'> dollars an 
 »i;re. The Province ox Victoria offers 
 lands, first at auction at an upset or 
 starting price of one pound per acre. 
 Auatrafia uffera to ony one .lavIng a 
 lease 'rom the government of a sheep 
 run, the privilege of making a pre- 
 emotion of 040 acres, on which tiielr 
 buildingB and other improvements 
 may be, at the expiration of their 
 lease, but he must pay the one pound 
 per acre at the expiration of his pre- 
 emption. While here he has his 
 homestead right to 160 acres, free, his 
 
 fire-emption right of 160 acren, his 
 ree planting riahcto another 16i/ acres 
 free, while If he wants any more, he 
 can get it at four shillings or one dol- 
 lar per acre. Write to the agent of 
 Dominion Lands, Donald Coda, Esq., 
 at Winntpe/, Manitoba, Canada, for a 
 copy of the land laws and such other 
 information as is desired, inclosing 
 proper amount of postage stamps, and 
 see if these things are not so. For 
 sheep raising. Australia bears no com- 
 parison to this section.in healthful nesa 
 of the animal or Oneness of the wool, 
 and nearness to the markets of thfi 
 world. While one does not have to 
 run sny of the dangers of itiolation 
 that be does in those diitant PaciQc 
 sections. It is onlv 14 davs from Liv- 
 erpool to Winnipeg. Freight can 
 come through this season in 20 days. 
 While by tdegraph one in Winnipeg 
 can coanect with his home in the 
 Britisb lales or on the continent any 
 hour, and for that matter, so he can 
 for • thoosand miles west of Winni- 
 
 The climate here is a pe' feet 
 
 8ANITABIT7M OF HEALTH; 
 
 Acclimating diseases need not be 
 feared, because they do not exist. 
 BovB of 18 years old have homestead 
 and pre-emption rights, so do married 
 women who are the sole heads of fam- 
 ilies. What liberal chances are thus 
 given to the British subject to obtain 
 homes, under the sanne old flag their 
 fathers and their forefathers have 
 lived under. It is far more lil)eral 
 and the lands are cheaper than in the 
 United States. Thia brings me to the 
 subject of 
 
 THB QROWTWO 80AB0ITT 
 
 of cultivatable public, or govern- 
 ment; lands in the United States. 
 Much has been said on this 
 subject, but the following is a 
 4hort extract from a long article 
 on this same subject from the New 
 York Tribune, which speaks for itself 
 and sooner or later it is a truth the 
 people of the United States will have 
 to face and admit- 
 
 The Tribune has always been a 
 western or emigrating paper, though 
 
 ASHDOWN'S BLOCK, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. Bet Page 27. 
 
 published in New York City. Its 
 rounder, Horace Oreeley, was a man 
 who in his day, was more familiar 
 with the West and its resources and 
 opportunities, than any other eastern 
 editor. He was a moat philanthropic 
 man, and when applied to by the 
 young men of the crowded east, as he 
 very often was, was apt to give them 
 the following advice, which has since 
 grown to an axiom, "Go Weat, young, 
 man, and grow up with the country. ' 
 
 "The days ot cheap, fertile farms tor all who 
 like to till them are very nearly over. The tin- 
 occupied lands of the Dominion are now the b jst 
 OD the eontlnent, and the regions In which theee 
 are to be found are by tar the most healthful and 
 attraottre. The climate of the south and south- 
 weat Is to hot, snd, In many places unhealthy 
 for the full development ot Anglo Baions.wheth- 
 er In physique or in ment&l energy and power. 
 The valley of the Saskatchewan, and the radons 
 beyond to the northwaet, will soon be all that 
 are left for the struiiRlIng mllUona Beelnar west- 
 ward and still westward for more i-oom. U will 
 take some time for tbose fertile rettlons to be 
 also niled up, but uo suob long period that ": 
 would be impossible to calculate when It will 
 have passed. 
 
 In tlie States tho question Is already » living 
 one and passes for an answer ; "Whal Is to be 
 done with the ever-growtng population, with no 
 new Unds to which the surplus may always 
 move?" By the end of this century the popula- 
 tion of the states will be far on to eluhty millions, 
 and these will occupy 8llbsU^ntlally the same 
 stretch ot oulilvatable Belds which the present 
 forty millions do." 
 
 THE ROUTES 
 
 to Manitoba from the States. Where 
 an all rail "oute la desired, take any of 
 the railway lines coming to St. Paul, 
 Minneaota, then the Saint Paul and 
 Paciflc Railway, the only railway 
 forming a connection with the south- 
 
 ern branch of the Cani>dian Paoiflo 
 Riilway to Winnipeg; or, one can 
 take the Wisconsin Central Railway 
 at Chicago or Milwaukee to Lake Su- 
 perior at Ashland, and then by boat, 
 close connection being always made, 
 70 miles to Dulutb, there connecting 
 with the Northern PaciQc westward 
 to Glyndon, where the N. P. crosses 
 the SL P & P. Those from the States 
 desiring to go by lake, can take a daily 
 line ot steamers from Buffalo, that 
 call at Erie, Oterelaod, I>«troit, BcmH 
 St. Mary. Marquette, etc.. to Duluth, 
 or by Canadian lake steamers also to 
 Duluth. 
 
 The Canadians desiring all rail 
 would take the International and 
 Qrand Trunk Ritlwaya to Toronto at 
 leait, and then take the choice of 
 either continuing on the Grand Trunk 
 or take the Great Western Railway 
 via Hamilton and the many beautiful 
 cities and towns to D >trolt, where the 
 Grand Trunk also runs, both railways 
 from there roing to Chicago over that 
 "boss'' railway of the States, the 
 Michigan Central, and so to St. Paul. 
 Or, Canadians desiring to go by lake 
 can, at Toronto, take the Northern 
 Biilway to Collingwood, 80 miles, and 
 there boats through to Duluth; 
 though they can make connectioss 
 with either another Oanadian line or 
 the American lines from Detroit or 
 Sarnla by either the Grand Trunk or 
 Great Western Railways, as above. 
 But by taking the C'>llingwood boats 
 bad weather on Lake Huron is obvi- 
 ated and much flue scenery obtained. 
 
MERCHANTS' BANK OF CANADA, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. 
 
 tm the latter line runs through the 
 bays and among the islands that lay 
 along the eastarn and noitberu chores 
 of Lake Huron instead of Tunniu^ out 
 into and through the middle of the 
 lake as the boats of the other lines do. 
 
 THE CITY or WINNI- 
 PEG 
 
 was ineorporated by act of Parliament 
 on the 8th of November 1873. The first 
 election for Mayor and Aldermeu was 
 held on the 5th of January 1874 
 Francis Evans Corn ih ^ras elected the 
 flist mavor. The pi at Mayor, Alex- 
 ander LoKan, E^q., was elected last 
 Januaiy, as were also the following 
 Aldermen: J. H. Ashdown. W. R 
 AUoway, S. Blanc^ard, E. G. Conklln, 
 Alex. Brown, A. F. Eden, Mark For- 
 tune, J. B. More, Alex. McArthur, 
 Bobert Strang, D. Young, A. Wright. 
 The present eflSeieat city clerk, Mr. 
 A. M. Brown, was the first regular city 
 clerk, he having lK3en app inted on the 
 2d of February 1874. The sound 
 condition or the city, its peace 
 and good order, show that its 
 management ia in goo<l hands, and 
 that its police is not exc«'lle<l by any city 
 in the States or old Provinces. It is 
 in fact Bomethiug wonderful when we 
 consider the great numbers of trad.'rs, 
 their assistants and drivers, that o.nly 
 come in where the dissipations of civi- 
 lized life are obtainable once in one or 
 more years. During the nearly seven 
 weeks of my visit, in 1877, right In the 
 heighth of their distant trading seasoa, 
 I never saw a single street fight or 
 knew of a single drop of bio >d being 
 shed. 
 
 The City Oovernment is divided into 
 the following 
 
 DEPARTMENTS : 
 
 Finance, board of works, markets, 
 licenses and police, fire, water and 
 lights, ilre inspector, board of health, 
 cemetery committee. His Worship the 
 Mayor is ex officio member of all the 
 committees, and he looks after them 
 well. The department I noticed with 
 the greatest pleasure was that of fire, 
 water and lights, baring in charge 
 the Fire Department, which is very 
 efficient, consisting of two fine Silsbee 
 Steamers, four hose rt Is, 2,000 feet of 
 the best 8-ply rubber hose, a hook and 
 ladder truck complete. The brigade 
 consie>ts of 46 men. The two engi- 
 neers are constantly on dutv as well 
 as the horses. Beven lat. e tanks 
 are scattered about its business 
 streets, beside their never falling riv- 
 er supplies. These tanks are kept 
 constantly filled and are never allowed 
 to get low or empty. Fighting fire 
 with them is a vital business and they 
 
 Crovide themselves accordingly. Their 
 usiness streets are now oeeoming 
 very much protected from any ex- 
 tended fires, by the frequent erection 
 of substantial brick blocks, of which 
 we give quite a number of views, 
 though not all by any means. We give 
 an engraving of ^he beautiful new en- 
 gine house, over a part of which the 
 first and second engineers will reside. 
 Few more complete fire department 
 bnildings than this, are to be 
 found in any city. The public schools 
 of Winnipeg are an honor to her. I 
 see by the last City Auditor's report 
 that there was paid nearly $6,000 
 for their support iu 1876. In 1877 
 
 c 
 
 they built two rtry &&• Mbo<rt balld- 
 Ings, of one of which we give a 
 fine view. It has a fine frar-aore lot. 
 the building Itself Is of brick, and 
 cost some Su.ooo. Its architecture and 
 interior arrangement are very 0ne. 
 Thev have also built another 
 smaller one, that haa a nice 
 playground of half an acre. This 
 cost some $4,000. It la of 
 the same .^ne arohiteoture. The 
 distance wbtoh the people of 
 Winnipeg at present feel them- 
 selves to be from the ola-ea- 
 tablished educational institutions of 
 the East, and a desire to have their 
 children educate at home, mak<- 
 them unusually a live to the early 
 providing of this great privilege. 
 These city schools are free, and it 
 should be borne In mind are in uddi- 
 tion to the colleges heretofore spoken 
 of, views of which we a'so give our 
 readtsrs. The city churches are nu- 
 merous, pad though as yet of rather 
 plain architecture, as became the 
 means of those who built them, are 
 still neat and In good repair, and what 
 Is more, are well filleu. all having quite 
 flourishing Sunday schools. The peo- 
 ple of Winnipeg are grsat ohurch- 
 §oers, and no old city anows a better 
 abbath observance. 
 
 The Presbyterians are lust finishing 
 a very handsome brick church, with a 
 beartlful spire. Its architecture is 
 very choice and harmonious in its pro- 
 
 ortions and omati^entation, a credit 
 
 its architect. 
 
 The Citholics are about erecting a 
 church that will be. I am told, much 
 finer even than the Presbyterian. 
 
 Toe building improvements in this 
 city last year (1878) were, at a low es- 
 tima»e, at least «200,0()0— included in 
 which were many nice dwellings. 
 
 The population of Wlnnloeg in 1870 
 was, according to a census tnen taken, 
 868; in 187& it was some 2,200; it now 
 has a plump 10.000. Since I was there 
 in 187a I see a wonderful growth in 
 every way. Then there were but two 
 brick buildings: now there are scores 
 of them, and of firo quality. 
 Brick in ordinary seasons 
 is cheaper than lumber. One 
 evidence of this was the great number 
 of small or cheaper ilwellings that I 
 saw built of them, besides the numer- 
 ous business and public buildings. 
 The Dominion government has built 
 here some very fine brick buildings, of 
 which we give some views. The cus- 
 tom house, the land office, the post- 
 offlce, would ornament the streets of 
 any metropolitan city. The city hall 
 and market, of which we give a view, 
 is a fine, substantial brick buildi jg, 
 that cost some 866,000. The lower 
 floor is used for the council room, city 
 offices, lock-up and market, while the 
 second floor has a very fine hall, also 
 rooms of the Young Men's Christian 
 associations. Few young cities are so 
 well and liberally side and cross- 
 walked. 
 
 The street views of to-day, which we 
 give our readers, particularly, when 
 compared with a iew of the same 
 imace taken in [181 1, will show better 
 than any words of mine the wonderful 
 growth of this marvelous young 
 
 GATE CITV OP THE 
 NORTHWEST. 
 
 Then there are tb- closely-built 
 blocks of business bouser , The largest 
 dealers are of course the Hudson Bay 
 Company, who have the. main depot 
 of supplies in this city, tb j same being 
 in Fort Garry, on the north bank or 
 the Asslnebolne, at the foot or south 
 end of Main street. 
 
ool balld- 
 B Kive a 
 r-aore lot. 
 rtck, and 
 ictureHod 
 rery fine, 
 another 
 a nic« 
 n. Thia 
 la of 
 ra. The 
 Bople of 
 b1 them- 
 e old-ea 
 ;utlon8 of 
 ave their 
 De, mak<- 
 the early 
 privilege, 
 e, acd it 
 re in tkldi- 
 >re spoken 
 ) iiive our 
 8 are nu- 
 of rather 
 came the 
 them, are 
 , and what 
 vingquice 
 The peo- 
 ,t ohuroh- 
 T» a better 
 
 t finishing 
 rob, with a 
 itecture ia 
 I In its pro- 
 n, a credit 
 
 erecting a 
 told, mnob 
 erian. 
 ints in this 
 ; a low es- 
 ncluded in 
 IlinpB. 
 peg in 1870 
 ihen taken, 
 !00; it now 
 was there 
 growth in 
 re but two 
 are scores 
 quality, 
 seasons 
 ler. One 
 »t number 
 Ings that I 
 he numer- 
 buildings. 
 I bas built 
 lildings, of 
 The ous- 
 tbe post- 
 streets of 
 e city hall 
 ive a view, 
 build* jg. 
 The lower 
 room, city 
 , while the 
 e hall, also 
 Christian 
 ities are so 
 ind cross- 
 
 ', which we 
 arly, when 
 
 the same 
 how better 
 
 wonderful 
 oung 
 
 THE 
 T. 
 
 osely-built 
 The largest 
 udson Bay 
 nain depot 
 same being 
 ;h bank of 
 >t or south 
 
 
 ■ML 
 
 rSi. 
 
 LYON'8 ULOCK. 
 
 THE PRIVATE MER- 
 CHANTS 
 
 of this city eajl)race many who in 
 point of capital, business ability end 
 amount of uusineas transactions will 
 be a surprise to any visitor. I bave 
 space to mention only a few of them, 
 and, in doing so, I claim they ire as 
 much the exponents of the resources 
 of the country as the farmer or manu- 
 facturer. The one 8tau(<ing confess- 
 edly at the head is 
 
 W. H. LYON, ' • ' 
 
 exclualirely wholesale groceries, a view 
 of whose line block is presented here- 
 in, and who tn amount of sales is 
 claiaed Ly many to very nearly equal 
 the H. B Co. Mr. Lyon wad bom in 
 the state of New York, and came here 
 "to fortune and fame unknown," in 
 1859, bringing willing hands and a de- 
 termined miud. He began a trade in 
 furs in 1800 and in 1803 went into gen- 
 eral merr^haudising, in which he con- 
 tinued until 1877, when he went into 
 exclusive wholesale groceries, which 
 business he looks t<> increasing large- 
 ly. It at present extends from Fort 
 McCloud 1200 miles west, to Ft. Fran- 
 cis 250 miles east and north as far 
 as any private trade. Beside these 
 two stores, which are 56x80, with 
 basement complete, he has several 
 warehouses, giving a very large stor- 
 age capacity, that at all times he 
 keeps full and active. He has never 
 been in public life (save in the City 
 Council, where his cool, practical head 
 has done much towards puttiUK the 
 city in its present soimJ financial con- 
 dition), but has stuck right to bus- 
 iness, though no one is more prompt 
 to respond to any public movement. 
 He is square, prom pi and energetic in 
 business, quick in trade and all busi- 
 ness actions. He stands on the thresli - 
 hold of a magnificent trade, favored 
 with a strong physique, of a genial, 
 even nature and is a man that will 
 wear well and always win and hold 
 frien^^ which is the one great secret 
 of me.cantiio success, lie sells a large 
 amount of goods in Northern Minne- 
 sota and Dakota, ordering from the 
 United States markets di.'ect to that 
 section. 
 
 In nsssing down Main strnet, the 
 most prominent business block that 
 meets the eye of the stranger is the 
 due brick store of 
 
 J. n. ASHDOWN, 
 
 » ho is the pioneer by some two years 
 in the hardware, stove and tin Dusi- 
 nesR. which he started in a small way 
 in 1800. He came by the old trail 
 from St. Paul, Minnesota, nearly 600 
 miles, bring; g his stock in Red river 
 ox carts, theu the only means of trans- 
 portation for the entire distance. He 
 was 20 days on the route, walking 
 nearly the entire distance. Shortly 
 after commencing businesp, he built a 
 large frame store of two stories. 
 Sticking right to buslnesp, without a 
 partner, such was his success that in 
 '75 he built his present line block 
 which will bedoublel the present year 
 and be used as show room for stoves, 
 harvest tools, gas ilttiugs, etc., ana 
 the rear room for bar iron and other 
 heavy goods. The size of his store 
 will then be 56x100 fett, three stories 
 and full basement. He has several 
 warehouses besides. Besides his pres- 
 ent building, which he occupies 
 fully, be has two large sepa- 
 rate warehouses and tno vacant lots 
 covered with rr^pers, mowerp, horse 
 rakes and plows, while the 
 buildings are filled with every thing 
 In tools, hardware, iron, nails, naval 
 storts, laints, oils, stoves &o. The 
 gales room and olBces on the 9rst floor 
 of his brick block are nicely fitted up 
 and convey a correct impression of the 
 immense business done by him. The 
 basement is filled with extra stoves 
 and nails, the second floor with shelf 
 hardware in stoclr, the third floor with 
 tin ard sheet iron stock, also as work 
 shop for making stove pipe I'astove 
 trimmings ard tin wars generally, of 
 which tie sales are very large for both 
 family and camp nse. Llr. Ashdown, 
 though still j'ounp', being under 87 and 
 in possession of very ample capital atd 
 fine beallh. It els au Ihougii he was on- 
 ly just getting well started has ts- 
 chewtd active pelltic, r.ever stecala- 
 ted in real estate or any thing outside, 
 but accumulated his capital and trade 
 
 by a mr wtamrwmtir* mad atiickad- 
 htmcoe to hlslegltimat* buslneak 
 
 5TOBART. KUKN A CO. 
 
 were originally atarted aa a oommiMloa 
 agency tor the pi; ''ate traders hfre, of 
 the [.ondon, EnglanJ house ot F. E. 
 Ker /k Co. Mr. Kew Hrst visited 
 this proTinoe in 1862, ihough he 
 had pnTioualy been doing a large 
 order Mid commission busluraa 
 for ib» Umdor^ in the i.orth- 
 weit. To tacLicftte his bustneaa 
 transaetlona, he that year established 
 an agency In Ht. I'aul, Mi^llCsotl^ but 
 ill IHi^O be removed it to Winnipeg. In 
 1M71 Mr. D. W. Stobart became ii res'- 
 ilt-iil partner here, and they enlarged 
 Uieir buslneas to a generaJ Bioclr of 
 <liy good*, groceries und crockery. 
 That Mune year Mr. Stoburt 
 took charge of a large trading 
 «x[iedltlon through tlie west, estftl? 
 iiahMd several trH<iing posts, with 
 headquarters on the Saskatchewan. In 
 1875 iliey bought out the reta" trading 
 and outfitting business jf Owen 
 lluglies & Co. Mr. Huohts was em- 
 ployed by this firm to proceed north to 
 establish trading posts to the north of 
 Lake Winnipeg, along the Nelson riv- 
 er to Hudson bay, which he did, fixing 
 his heaidquarters at Crors Lake, on 
 Nelson river. In 1876 Mr. A. F. Eden 
 took charge of the general manage- 
 ment of the Winnipeg house. In 
 Sent., 1877 Mr. Kew retired, Mr. 
 Euen wu admlttul and the pres- 
 ent firm established. Thla firm 
 now has an immense trade through 
 the above named sections, being toe 
 largeat fur dealers in the Province 
 outsid* rl the Hudson Bay Company, 
 while their general <^ iiolesale and 
 retaiJ trade at Win. peg is very 
 heavy. They still keep up their ship- 
 pin ; and commission Xondon agency 
 under th? change of Messrs. Fejwlck 
 & Co , Abchurcb Yard, London, E. C. 
 They occupy both of their brick stores 
 from basement up — their dry goods 
 store being 38« 100, and their ^ eery 
 and crockery store 26x70. Their offices 
 on the 2d floor of the dry goods store, 
 which bas a handsomer retail room 
 than any in St. P.iul, are elaborately 
 fitted up ia fancy hard woods, etc. 
 We present a view of their front, which 
 is 59 feet wide. 
 
 Among the drr goods establishments 
 of the city, the firm of 
 
 R. OERRI E * 00. 
 
 occupies a leading position, as the on- 
 ly exslusively dry gotds firm in the 
 Province. Their new store, just coui- 
 pleted, on the east side of Main street 
 near the City Hall, a view of which is 
 given, shows a character and business 
 second to none In the Pro/ince; while 
 their, success acd lapidly increasing 
 trade » another example of what tact, 
 enterprise and energy can do in a new 
 country, supplemented with a due 
 share of Scotch caution and shrewd- 
 nesa. 
 
 With a businets record extending 
 over 17 jearr, ample capital, and 
 a flrst-class credit in Europe and the 
 United States, thty have been enabled 
 to develop a large wholesale business, 
 and to compete succesefully in prices 
 
 'th eastern houses. Their direct 
 English shipments frequently 
 roach here in twenty-five days from 
 date of shipment. With the great ex- 
 
 Eanslon ofwhich the country is capa- 
 le, it is safe to predict for this firm a 
 prosperous career and briliiant future. 
 Having beeu here since 1873, t^ey 
 have made large investments in lani, 
 all near the city, and, without ques- 
 tion, are to-day the largest private 
 

 land owoen In ili* PrortnM. With 
 th«M Bel'iotinni, m»d« amontr th« flnt, 
 wh«n pr'oM wne the lowtvt, they c»n 
 now mail) Mp^clally fkvorablA offer- 
 InicB to th<i«« (iMir'nR iiuge traota of 
 on« Ui two tbouaaiid aorea eaob. 
 'jUfta farms. ■■ luooeaafully proved 
 iu the UnltcHt Htatea. abow a much 
 larger i>er cent of proUt than U poaal- 
 bin on small traota. They offer the 
 lands in lota to suit to only actual set- 
 tlers, to whom liberal terms of pay- 
 ment will be Riven. 
 
 AiaoQA the city grooery flrma that 
 of 
 
 SNTDSB * VKDIBSON 
 
 ataads amons the oldest and most 
 boijorable. 'fhey came here in 1872. 
 Mr. Hnyder came frcn New York and 
 Mr. Anderson from CbioaRo. The 
 firm was tlien made up as it Is to-day. 
 Both have been raised In the niercan- 
 til« bn uess, and, by reliability in 
 fivery v^ay, have built up a l)UBinesB 
 9.n groMflea. crockery, provisions, etc., 
 that gives full occupancy to two 
 ■tores 20x(K) and 20x60. Neither have 
 ever been in politics—the i)eeettlne 
 •In of busineM men,espeola<.. .^ new, 
 live towns— but, bv attending right to 
 business, which is done In a most 
 quiet way, they now have a line trade, 
 mottly city, that sticks to them. 
 
 DODD * CO., 
 
 wholesale and retail dealers in boots, 
 ■hoes, leather, shoe flndinm, etc., made 
 np their present firm In 1875, the vear 
 Mr. McDonald came to Winnipeg, 
 though Mr. Dodd had been here since 
 1872. They occupy a large store (20x 
 80 with warehouse) nearly opposite 
 the poetofflce. They alao manufactut-e 
 quite largely, and do tine ".urk, of 
 which they make a Bpecially. A short 
 time since they bought out thp whole- 
 ■ale boot and sho,-) stock and trade of 
 Hlgglns & Yonng. Ibey wholesale 
 quite extensively from the Lake of 
 tne Wooda to Edmonton, on the Sui- 
 katchewan, a distance of over llOO 
 miles. Emigrants and new comers 
 should look through their stock of 
 both light and heavy work aod fine 
 ladies' w( ar. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 Perhaps the greatest necesiity for 
 Buocesaful business enter priar, mer- 
 cantile particult>rlv in either an old 
 or new trado coiitre, is proper bank 
 facilities. For so young a city, Win- 
 nipeg is remarkably fortunate in this 
 respect, having three solid and substan- 
 tial banks already. The leading one 
 itLA brejich of the 
 
 H£K(;HANTS bank of CANADA. 
 
 Occupying a prominent position in the 
 ve-'' center of the town, stands the 
 hai.daome edifice belonsing to the 
 Merchants' Bank of Canada, an insti- 
 tution wbicb was organized about 18 
 years ago. by Sir Hugh Allan; with 
 whom was associated Jackson Rae 
 E^q., who was general manager of 
 this inatitution for upwards of 12 
 yeais. Mr. Allan is the eminent steam- 
 ship owner of Montreal, whose mag- 
 nificent line of ocean steam ships huve 
 acquired a world-wide fame, and to 
 whose indomitable peraeverance and 
 indefatigable energy, Canada owes 
 mote as regards her material proapei- 
 ity, than to any other man living. 
 This bank ranks in size and impor- 
 tance immediately under the B nk of 
 Montreal, l}eing the second largest 
 bank in the Dominion, ,and having 
 ■ome 40 branches, besides agencies 
 in New York and L<Hadon. The hcid 
 office is in Montreal. The general 
 manager is George Hagns Ettq.. a 
 banker of very high reputation. The 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HON. A. O. B. BANNATYNE. 
 
 Merchants' Bank was the first char- 
 tered monetary institution in Canada, 
 which eatabliahed a branch in the 
 northwest,havingoriiaoi7,ed its branch 
 in Winnipeg in \H"'i. under the man- 
 agement ol^Duncan Macarthur. K-q.. 
 formerly of the tlnanciai department 
 of the Hudaon Bay Company in Mon- 
 treal, and its enterpriie has fairly 
 earned the large and increasing busi- 
 ness which it does, and the high rep- 
 utation which it has acuuired, not only 
 In the Province of Manitoba, but 
 throughout the contiguous Western 
 States. 
 
 The ofiicers stationed at Winnipeg 
 are Donald Macarther, manager; 
 H. T. Champion, accountant; F. 
 H. Morice. teller; A. K. J. Banna- 
 tyno, asaiatant ; A. £. Hespler, ledger 
 keeper; C. Qermain, clerk. 
 
 The Bank of Montreal and Ontario 
 Bank both have branches here. 
 
 THOHAd LUSTED, 
 
 came here in 1867. He at once began 
 his present bmlness, making the first 
 wagon.<), buggiea and sleighs made in 
 the Province, from lumber cut by 
 his own hand from the log. He 
 now employs 10 men the year 
 through and in the buf»y season 
 more. All of the necessary amilhing 
 and iron work, painting &c., in ma- 
 king a carriage comp'f te is done iu hia 
 factory. In eatablisuing his business 
 he has bad many obstacles to over- 
 come, beside thoae iocidtut to pioneer 
 manufacturing anywhere. But in hia 
 line the preeent customs tariff works 
 much to bis d saivantage in that 
 be is charged jifft the same 
 rate of duty on raw or half 
 finished material that he imports 
 fur bis use as on wagons &c., complete. 
 But bisenergy andthe reliability of hlh 
 work have built up for him, what reall> 
 is the largest manufacturing eBtabllsh- 
 ment in the Piovince, outside of the 
 lumber trade. Manil I aus. if you 
 w lid build up manuficiiirlng In jour 
 midat and keep all your money circu- 
 lating he re, jou should always, when 
 you have achance,patronize your home 
 manufacturers. 
 
 This year he has added many of Uie 
 leading makes of agricultural imple- 
 ments and machinery to his stock of 
 wagons &c., all of which he sells at the 
 iow«\st jiving figures. He is a man of 
 rtij quiet ways, b>>: of great energy 
 and persistence and uuals by another 
 )ear to so rebuild and enlarge his 
 works that they will be as'oraament 
 
 among the industrial, institutions of 
 the city. 
 
 m'kboiinik, m'millan a oo. 
 
 are the foundry, machine, and blaok- 
 smlthing firm of the city. They have 
 a large engine, a good foundry, and a 
 large amount of the necesaary ma- 
 chinery, much of it suited to heavy 
 work. At present their business is 
 mostly repairing, of which they do a 
 large amount, employing constantly 
 some eight men beslae thcrvselves. 
 They do engine, mill and agricultural 
 Implement work. They were making a 
 quantity of small cars for Mr. White- 
 nead, the contractor on the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway, when I visited their 
 works. They arel>oth practical skilled 
 mechanics, of the beat habita, workers 
 of the hardeat kind, and with ample 
 capital will keep pace with the growth 
 of the Province. 
 
 There are 13 steam flour mills in the 
 province, also some dozen wind grist 
 mill9, but the latter are now almost en- 
 tirely out of repair. There is also a 
 fine eteam Hour and gristmill at St. Al- 
 bert, some 500 miles up the Saskatche- 
 wan. 
 
 TBB OITT FLOUR MILL, 
 
 D. H. McMillan, proprietor, makes 
 straight and patent procers fiour. bran, 
 meal and feed. It la both a custom 
 and merchant mill; has a 100-horse 
 power engine and four run ( f stones, 
 which are kept In uperation day and 
 night the season through. It ia well 
 Btted with the latest machinery, and 
 other runs of stone will be added as 
 required. The foreman is from one of 
 the oldest Minneapolis mills. The 
 patent process fiour which this mill is 
 making Is a credit to the Province. 
 Manitoba wheat is especiallv adap'.»d 
 for that kind of flour. Mr. McMillan 
 sees no reason why, with ordinary 
 care, the fiour of this Province shoald 
 not soon be known on the Eastern 
 and European markets. 
 
 The hotels of the city are both nu- 
 merous and very good ; but the 
 
 PAOIFIO HOTEL, 
 
 patronized by His Excellency the Gov- 
 ernor General and suite, of which 
 John Haver: V, the oldest present land- 
 lord in Winn : neg, is proprietor, takr-; 
 the Srst-clusa travel e'/sry time. 1 ts 
 situation is fine, particularly in svm- 
 mer, being at the foot of Main st'.eet 
 near the steamboat landlngon tb a As- 
 •inebei&BiTer, and near Fort Garry 
 
'.*«*WWV 
 
 Utation* of 
 
 and blMk- 
 They have 
 ndry. and a 
 ceHsary mar 
 »(1 to heavy 
 buainees Is 
 Bh they do a 
 ( constantly 
 thcr^nelvea. 
 Al^rioutiural 
 iTf making a 
 ■Mr. White- 
 he GBnadian 
 vislU-d their 
 ctical skilled 
 )lt8, workerH 
 with ample 
 h the growth 
 
 r mills In the 
 wind grist 
 :)w almoel en- 
 Bre is also a 
 mill at St. Al- 
 le Saskatche- 
 
 MILL, 
 
 ietor, makes 
 esttour.bran, 
 oth a custom 
 a 100-horse 
 an (if stones, 
 ktlon day and 
 h. It is well 
 Bchinery, and 
 be added as 
 1 from one of 
 mills. The 
 sb this mill is 
 he Province, 
 slally adajD'^ 
 Mr. kcMUlan 
 rlth ordir»ary 
 avince shonld 
 the Eastern 
 
 are both nn- 
 >ut the 
 
 BL, 
 
 enoy the Uov- 
 te, of which 
 present land- 
 prietor, tak^'. 
 gry time. ? ts 
 ilarlyin »»m- 
 I Main st'.eet 
 Ingon tb 3 As- 
 MT Ton Garry 
 
 DEER LODGE-RESIDENCE OF HON. JA8. MeKAY. 0m Page ll. 
 
 I 
 
 and a short distance from the Domin- 
 ion Custom House and Land OfBoe. 
 
 THE UAVIS IIOITSE 
 
 Is the oldest hotel In the city, and one 
 of the largest, it having accommoda- 
 tions for 100 guests. The arrange- 
 ment of the house Is mr st convenient 
 and ooey. A large proportion of its 
 sleeping rooms are -etlred and quiet. 
 Its billiard parlor 's by far the largcttt 
 northwest of Minneapolis. It has rIx 
 fine Brunswick & Haike tables. Mr 
 H. E. West, the lanllord of the house. 
 Is the Canadian Northwest Airent for 
 these leading United Htutes billiard 
 table manufacturers. Its location '- 
 most central, being on the west sidJ< 
 of Main street oppoBlt« the head of 
 Post Otilce street, near the Merchant 
 Bank, Receiver General and Post 
 Offices, and the principal business 
 houses. For commercial travelers it 
 1b the location. It la the head ofllce of 
 the Railway and Steamboat Omnibus 
 Line. A tine llverv is also attached 
 to it. The Hon. 11. A. Davis, late 
 Provincial Premier, the owner of this 
 fine old property, will this year en- 
 large It by a brick addition 57x100 feet 
 and four stories high, which will 
 make It by far the largest hotel north 
 of Minneapolis. 
 
 THE CABBTINa TRADE 
 
 of Manitoba may be seen by the fol- 
 lowing 8tat(>ment of tonnage from 
 season of 1873 by Red River steam- 
 boats : 1873— •*'3,ai3.0.36 ; 1874—87,626,- 
 200; 1876-76,078,«80. This is but the 
 dawning lip;bt of the future trade here 
 when additional railways and im- 
 proved navigation, including Red 
 Lake River Canal, heretofore spoken 
 of, have added their developing in- 
 fluences. I cannot obtain, at present 
 writing, the aggregate annual tigures 
 of the river tonnage since 1875. The 
 Red River Navigation Compnny alone 
 carried, both ways, In 1878. 20,108,079 
 pounds of frieight and 13,200 passen- 
 ger". But this represents only five of 
 the fourteen boats in Red River. Be- 
 sides, every year there are several 
 hundred ilat boats floated down, load- 
 ed with produce and merchaudiae, 
 wliich after arrival are taken to pieces 
 '*ai sold for lumber. Luge amounts 
 of lumber and thousands of coids of 
 vrood from the States are also 
 rafted down. Most of the mer- 
 chants here who import direct from 
 .Europe— and there are many of them 
 Who Duy there iargtly— now ship their 
 
 pnrchases on through bills of lading 
 at through freight rates to Winnipeg, 
 and receive them usuallv in from 23 
 to 26 days from date of shipment- 
 
 THi: DISTANCE 
 
 that trade comes to this city can 
 hardly be appreciated by the 
 stranger. I have seen and talked 
 with traders from awa^* up In the Aro- 
 tio circle, from islands near the mouth 
 of the McKenile River, where it takes 
 nine and a half months to make the 
 trip one way, and where the days are 
 three months long. Also from Ed- 
 monton, How River, Athabasca, and 
 P«ace River— 0, 12 and 1,500 miles dis- 
 tant— besides from away down the 
 Nelson River to Hudson's Bay. Over 
 4,000 Red River carts will be loaded 
 here this season to supply this trade. 
 It sejms as though this fact alone, I 
 without mentioning any of the other 
 items herein given, is enough to con- 
 clusively show that no young city ever 
 was started that is a focaf point of 
 such Immense areas ut liade as this 
 same city of Winnipeg. 
 
 AS INDICES OF OIVILIZATION 
 
 in this Province, I would say that 
 there are 43 Protestant school dis- 
 tricts with 1,000 enrolled children. 
 There are 47 churches- 10 Episcopal, 
 13 Catholic, 8 Presbyterian, 9 Metho- 
 dist, 2 Baptist. There are 7 lodges 
 of Masons, 3 of Odd Fellows, 6 
 Temperance lodges. 2 Base Ball, 
 2 Cricket, and 2 LaCrosse clubs, 
 2 dramatic and literary societies (the 
 latter several years old), 4 social and 
 charitable societies, such as St. An- 
 drew's, St. .lean Baptiste, etc., and the 
 Y. M. O. A., and neveral bv>atlng clubs, 
 The Manitoba Club is a very select 
 association of 83 members, organized 
 in 1874. Their club house is one of 
 the moat conspicuous bulldlnge on 
 Main street It cost 86,500. Its mem- 
 bers are very courteous and hospitiAle 
 to strangers. 
 
 THE NEWSPAPER PRESS 
 
 of this northwest consists of the Free 
 Prets, Standard and Le Metis. The 
 two former are English and are pub- 
 lished In Winnipeg. The latter is 
 French and Is published at St. Boni- 
 face. The Free Press issues a daily 
 and weekly edition. Its office Is run 
 by steam and is the most complete 
 printing office west or northwest of 
 Minneapolis. The Standard ie an 
 four page weekly and is the oat* 
 
 frrowth of the MamtUtbian, whloh 
 > Min in 1870. Its office has a very 
 outdt of type, prnnsmi, eio. 
 ...iioug t*i« latter ts the II rat printing 
 press brought to the Province. The 
 L« Mttit, a weekly. Is the organ of the 
 French speaking population of the 
 northwest. They number at least 2(Lr 
 000. It has a mimplete Job offioe at- 
 tached to It. Space alone prevents ray 
 speaking of them all sl 1 would like 
 to. Where the )tt*enttons extended to 
 riur northwestern editor, from allot 
 these offloes, #er« no kln>i. generous 
 and (lelloate. It would hw lly lie in 
 gcHxl taste to partlaulari/e. .sufficient 
 U) say, they were luoh that their 
 luemoriea will ever be cherished and 
 pleasant, and his wish la HJnoere that 
 the prosperous liujiaess which they 
 seem to have, be as continued as It la 
 merited. 
 
 NATURAXi OONOLU- 
 SIONS. 
 
 The great work and effort in start- 
 ing a new community, in platUt tj nit- 
 ilUiation In a distant wild, as this place 
 was four years since. Is largely over- 
 come by the time It has a Jtxed and 
 permanent population of 10,000 which 
 Winnipeg now has. So has it now heie 
 churches, social, educational, commer- 
 cial and mercantile facilities, capable 
 uf easy enlargement to accommodate 
 ten or twenty times the present popn- 
 latlon. In brief, the arreat work, pri- 
 vation, hopes and fears, doubts and 
 uncertainties, have been largely over- 
 come in the building of a city of 
 50.000 or 100,000 here, in the already 
 established and provided for popula- 
 tion of 10,000, BO that those hereafter 
 casting their lot here, will be largely 
 relieved from the varied demands, and 
 wear and tear of brain, that in the 
 years now past, were so constantly at- 
 tendant upon those who carried the 
 many and heavier burdens of pioneer 
 life. This city is able to offer most of 
 the conveniences of old communitiea 
 to those, and 1 believe they will be 
 many the coming season who will 
 come and build their homes and busi- 
 ness here. 
 
 A RETROSPECT AND 
 PROPHESY. 
 
 The permaneiii. 8ettlement of Canada 
 antedated that of the United Htates, by 
 several years. Since the close of the 
 Amerk»n Revolut onary W»r, 1788, 
 Canada has been In a state of peaue. 
 
 constantly Uud«r th« auldnncs *Bd 
 
 fosierlDg caieof a wealty, powerful 
 mother country, wltli the world open 
 for emigration to come within her bor- 
 ders. 
 
 Sinp« 1788 the United States have 
 bad to play "a lone hand," against the 
 wholetworld. Three largewaia have 
 taxed her resources of men and money. 
 The laat war v( as the laigest in num- 
 ber of regular battles, men engaged, 
 etc , that has occurred in the present 
 century. The two former beiog with 
 England in 1812. and Mexico in 1845. 
 Yet out of them all has she come with 
 honor ta henelf and the respect of all 
 the world. 
 
 She has acquired by purchase^ Louii*^ 
 iaua of France in 1803 (which pur- 
 chase embraced the entire Mis.'-leslppi 
 and Missouri valleys, from tie Gulf of 
 Mexioo to Manilciba and west to the 
 Rocky Monntains.) and Florida of 
 Spain in 1810, (we will not mentioa the 
 purchase of Alaska in 1867). Texas 
 came by her own reouest of annexa- 
 tion in 1846, and Califotnia, by treaty- 
 
In 1848. ily w«v of tnlvrlulo, in th«< 
 MftMh of titn«, afic him «trtck*n off lh« 
 •hfttiklMi tl mt t)ouQ<l 4,(Mii),fX)nor liuBmii 
 I • Ingn hn\<i III r< mi)l<i(<i iiiav«<ry. Mjm 
 t na t^Arrlml nlvlllaatioii •<<riMH m contl- 
 ii> tit ii«Mkrly 'l,*)(N) iiillfH wlilwaiiil bniinil 
 t<'C«<th«r th« two ittmmn MharM In tiondii 
 of iron, rnKklng thn 
 
 IM 1.1V MOWS or NATH At. UfC 
 
 harmoiiloun l>v atawin Aud «l«otr< j tv, 
 tlinuKli the wIioIm l«iigtli mikI iHWftdtli, 
 atirtli kikI aoulh, mmI ami w««t of I hi 
 OrMtt ADierloAii ii^publli-. I)tiringtht*w 
 f >»n, nhe haa imiIvwI hikI riiadn hii 
 har«t«forn Huknoum rtoonl of rapid, 
 ohrl«tlMtil%»d liuiuan iltfVflopoifat. In 
 doliiR which, Ma true, ahn liaa mailtn 
 loma foolish «>x|i«rim«iita. 'riiia Brand 
 maroh ha«li««n made, without aalngel 
 almiUr «iaiupl«. Aa a whoJH, It Iihm 
 been by pfacfful tneaiia, with hard, 
 honeat work, gulckd byyV««! mm, fre« 
 landi, frtt hoiruH and frte »ntwnl» aa 
 the grand advanuliiK muMw. Now 
 her Kucceaaful, practical example la 
 before the world. Th«> Htatea did not 
 •ute.- upou the period of tbelr 
 
 RAPID (»BOWTB, 
 
 nntll atmut IH34), about wMch vear, 
 by meana of strain navlntion of tbe 
 Greftt Tiftkea, the Ohio River and the 
 op«ntrgofthe National FViad, (high- 
 way) built by the Government trom 
 Butimore to 8t. Loula, the pel reed the 
 
 foreat tha' rriglnaiiv waa ii 
 fiom the Atlantic anoitulf of Mealoo, 
 t4> the eaatarn and arHit!i«ni btuudwry 
 of theHta(«»r lllluola. 
 
 The p»rl<Ml of her gieat growth be- 
 gan w) en hir prnple atrui-k the eaut- 
 em •'dge of the gre^t (Hunmon, United 
 Htates and (.'niiiullaii Continental I'ral- 
 rie lielt. It la from the 
 
 TIIH rKKTILK I'RAIRIJi, 
 
 aubdred by clTtwUoo, th«t the i;iilt4Ml 
 Htntea tiaa grown, not only In hvr 
 national rtaourrfa, blither national 
 gte.itiiea« ai)d power, that though 
 young In national life aa ahe Ih. inakea 
 evident tliat In a mar future ahe will 
 ■' on lie an unniatohMl national p iw- 
 «T. The |M>piilatlon of the Ignited 
 statea to-day, la fr<nn <I7,IN)(),I)(K) to 
 WKMNi.iMN); that of Canada about 4,aiN),- 
 (MN). 
 
 No whrre elae on earth can thii ex- 
 hibit of national growth be rrpeated, 
 but In 
 
 THE CANADIAN NOKTHWKHT. 
 
 Nowhere • Ne la there a aufllclrnt area 
 of genei at., fertile land, well wa'ere<l 
 by navigable atreama and lak«a auffl 
 oieut IVir It. 
 
 Now that ateam and eleotrivlly have 
 removed the hltherU) iaolatlen of tli« 
 old I'rovliioca, from the niagultlueut 
 area for many new one*. It Is but 
 
 A MATtJRAt. PROrilPIIY, 
 
 that a homegere ua pe«|>le. common 
 In their ancMiry, speakii>g the atnin 
 Ungiiage, "ith an • xitniple before liiem 
 In whii'h every eimr maile ly their 
 liretiiern (wn lie avoldeti, can ami will, 
 su«M;eaafUlly re|>eat ttie human a<l 
 vanoemenl lliat hMa altea4ly oarilnl 
 hope, clieer at d happy rralUailon. to 
 BO many mlllloua of iiltherio, eare- 
 niiiiimaeii human aoula. Hy tliere<Hiril 
 of the paat n»arly one hundre<i ^eara, 
 during wliioii time ttieae nelghliorinK 
 natlona iiave dwelt >^ le by aide with- 
 [ out a drop < f bb ixl lieing aullt, 'tia nafi- 
 totay, that tlicy ever will, aa hereto 
 fore, Jollied I nd tu hand, carry we«i 
 want the twin .tarit of the Uepiilillo Mini 
 Dominion ai.d tliat to tlie i.orth of the 
 Htataa, will moou develop a "GrtaUr 
 Britain:' 
 
 TO TOU, SONt or OLD IKOLAMD, Or 
 YOUHO CANADA 
 
 and of the United StatM, who 
 are ready to talie a man's part In 
 life's real and remunerative actu- 
 alities here, I know that many of 
 ^ou will come to make homea In this 
 beautiful Manitoba, (The "Spirit 
 Stralta" of the Indiana) or peinaps 
 still beyond her borderp, In tbii rtai, 
 
 NEW NORTHWEST. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF J. H. A8HD0WN. ESQ. 
 
Y, 
 
 common 
 thf ••nm 
 fore I lii«iii 
 I I J th«lr 
 ■ ikI will, 
 nikii Kit- 
 y («ril<<l 
 xAllon. to 
 ri «>, o»n»- 
 tli« raoonl 
 
 piKlitKtrliiR 
 al,l«» wllli- 
 
 M bertU)- 
 mrry wwt- 
 
 .pIlhllOMIIll 
 
 ;,rlb of Ihf 
 , >*Or*aUr 
 
 ihkim, or 
 
 latos, who 
 t'l ptrt In 
 ,tWe Hctu- 
 t many of 
 mea tn thin 
 rhe "Splrll 
 or p«inap« 
 n tbit TMti, 
 
 Speech of the Oovemor OeneraL 
 
 Th« foltowlni la • niport of thit | 
 ip«Mh of Ilia KiMllanoy, tb« Earl ^ 
 or DvrrBRiM, Oovarnor (}«i«r»t of | 
 C«nadt4it • D^tunf, at Wlnnlpex, ; 
 llMiitob ^ on H«pt«mb«r 3ttth, lin7, In I 
 reply to tba tuMt, "th* Oovamor Qan- j 
 tnl of 0«n»d«." coupled with the | 
 name of Ltdy Duffflrln. Hia Rio«l- '• 
 lanoy tn rlalng to raply waa racatved 
 with loud and prolonged oheerlog. | 
 Heaald: 
 
 Mr. Mayor, Tour Wonor, LadUa and 
 StntUmtn : 
 
 In rising to ezpreaa my Mknowledge- 
 m«nta to the dtize- i of Winnipeg for 
 thua crowning the friendly reception 
 I have received throughout the length 
 and breadth of Manitoba by ao noble j 
 an entertainment. I um painfully op- 1 
 pi-eaaed by the oonalderatinn of thei 
 many reapecta In which my thanka are 
 due to you, and to ao many other per- 1 
 iona In the Province. From our flrat i 
 landing on your quays until the pres- 1 
 ent uioment, my progreaa through the 
 country has-been one continual delight, 
 nor haa the allghteat hitch or Incongru- 
 ous Incident marred the aatisfaotion of 
 my visit. I hsTe to thank you for 
 the hosplttlities I have enjoyed at the 
 bands of your Individual citizens, aa 
 well aa of a multitude of Independent 
 communitiea, for the tasteful and In- 
 genloua decorations wbloh adorned my 
 route, for the quarter of a mile of ev- 
 enly yoked oxen that drew our tri- 
 utiaphal oar, [applause] for the univer- 
 lal proofs of your loyalty to the 
 Throne and the Mother Country, and 
 for your personal good-will towards 
 &er Mi^Mty's represents! 've. Above 
 all, I have to thank you for the evi- 
 dences produced on either hand alone; 
 our march of your prosperous condi- 
 tion, of your perfect contentment, of 
 your happy confidence In your future 
 fortunes,— for 1 need not teJl you that 
 to any one in my situation, amiling 
 comBelda, cosy home steads, the joyful 
 faces 01 prosperous men and women, 
 and the laughter of healthy tfbildren, 
 are the best of all triuropbal decora- 
 tions- [Great applause.] 
 
 But there are other things for 
 which I ought to be obliged to 
 you, and not the least for the 
 beautiful v;eather you have taken 
 the precaution to provide us with dur- 
 ing some six weeks of perpetual 
 camping out, for which attention I 
 have received Lady Dufferin's special 
 orders to render yon her personal 
 thank'i— an attention which the unu- 
 sual J henomenon of a oasual water- 
 spout enabled us only the better to ap- 
 preciate; and lastly, though certainly 
 lot least, for not having generated 
 
 J 
 
 amongat you that fearful entity, 
 
 raolHc Hallway question"— at all 
 evMts not in Uumm dire and tragle 
 proportions In which I have eneoun- 
 tered It elsewhere. [Loud applause- ] 
 Of courae, 1 know a certain phase of 
 the question la agitating oven thla 
 oommunlty, but it has assumed the 
 mild oharaeter of a don>«stlo rather 
 than of an Inter-Provii.olal contro- 
 versy. Two diatlngulahed membera. 
 moreover, of my preaent Government 
 have been lately amongst you, and 
 have doubtless acquainted themselves 
 with your views and wlahea. It Is not 
 necessary, therefore, that 1 should mar 
 the hllbrlouB characte.- of the preaent 
 festival by aay untimely alluatona to 
 ao grave a matter. Well then, ladlea 
 and gentlemen, w*:at am I to aay and do ' 
 to you in return for all the pleaaare| 
 and aatlsraction I have received at | 
 your handa V I fear there is very little | 
 that I can aay, and acarcely anything | 
 that I can do, commensurate with m: 
 obllgatlona. Stay- there is one thing 
 at all events I thiuk I have already 
 dene, for which I am entitled to claim 
 your thanka. You are doubtless 
 aware that a great poUtioal contro- 
 versy has for some time raged between 
 the two great parties of the state as to 
 which one of Vwa is responsible for 
 the vialtatioii of that terror of two 
 continents— the Coloradc/ bug. [Great 
 laughter.] The one aide ia diapoaed 
 to assert that if thei . opponents had 
 never acceded to pov, t, the Colorado 
 bng would never hav come to Canada. 
 [Renewed laughter.] I have reason to 
 believe, however, though I know not 
 whether any substantial evidence has 
 been adduced in support of their asser- 
 tion, that my Governmert deny and 
 repudiate having had any sort of con- 
 cert or understanding wiith that Irre- 
 pressible invader. [Roars of laughter.] 
 It vould be highly unconstitutional 
 for mt*. 'ivho tm bound to hold a per- 
 fectly imptiicial balance between the 
 two great factions of the state, to pro- 
 nounce an opinion upon this moment- 
 ous question. [Renewed and loag-eon- 
 tinued laughter.] But however dis- 
 putable a point may be the prime and 
 original authorship of the Colorado 
 bag, there is one fact no one will ques 
 tlon, namely, that to the presence of 
 the Governor- General in Manitoba is 
 to be attributed the sudden, total, oth- 
 erwise unaccountable, and, I tmst, per- 
 manent disappearance, not only from 
 this Province, but from the wholfi 
 Northwest of the infamous and un- 
 mentionable "hopper," [load laughter] 
 whose frequent visitations for the last 
 few years have proved so distressing 
 to the agricultural interests of the en- 
 tire region. 
 But apart from being the 
 
 ortaosta laatrament of oonrerriag 
 thla baaallt upon yon, t fear the only 
 further return tn my power Is to as- 
 sure yoa of my great sympathy with 
 you la your endeavora to do Juatloe to 
 thi^materlal advantagoa with which 
 your Provlnoe haa been ao richly en- 
 dowed by the hands of I'ruvldenoe. 
 [Applause.] from Its geographical 
 position, and its peculiar oharao^«r- 
 istios, 
 
 MAIIITOBA 
 
 may b* r^n^«Ml as the keystone 
 of that mighty arch of sister 
 provlDOM which >pans the entire 
 contlnaat from the Atlantic to tha 
 I'a-^ltle. [I.<oud chf«ring.] It was 
 here that (/anada, emerging from her 
 W(hm1s and forests, Urst gazed upon h^r 
 rolling pralrlni and unexplored North- 
 wast, and learned, as by an unexpected 
 revelation, that her historical territor- 
 ies of the Canadas, her eastern aea- 
 boarda of New lirunawick, I^abrador, 
 Nova Scotia, her I^aurentian lakea and 
 vallefS,eomlands and pastures, though 
 themselves more extensive than half a 
 dosen European Kingdoms, [tremen- 
 dous applause] were but the vestibules 
 and antechamlMra to that, till then, 
 un-draamt-of Dominion, whoae Illim- 
 itable dlmenaiona alike oonfonnd the 
 arithmetic of the aurveyor, and the 
 verification of the explorer. [Contin- 
 ued applause.] It was hence that, 
 counting her paat achievements as but 
 the preface and prelude to her future 
 exertions and expanding destinies, she 
 took a fresh departure, received the 
 afUatus of a more Imperial inspiration, 
 and felt herself no longer a mere settler . 
 along the banks of a single river, but 
 the owner of half a continent, and, in 
 the amplitude of her possession, in 
 the wealth of her resources, in the 
 binews of her material might, the peer 
 of any power on the earth. [Great 
 cheering.] 
 
 In a recently remarkably witty 
 speech the Marquis of Salisbury 
 alluded to the 
 
 eBgORAPQIOAL MISOOMOEI'TIOM 
 
 oftes engendered by the smal)- 
 neas ii the maps upon which the 
 figure of the world is depicted. To 
 tbis cause is probably to be attributed 
 the inadequate idea entertained by the 
 best educate persuus of the extent of 
 Her Majesty's North American 
 possessions. Perhaps the best way of 
 eoreeeting such a universal mis- 
 apprehension would be by a summary 
 of the rivers which flow through 
 them, tor we know that aj a poor man 
 cannot afford to live in a big house so 
 a small country cannot support a big 
 river. [Applause.] Now to an Eng- 
 lishman or a Frenchman the Severn 
 or the Thames, the SeiL i or the Rhone, 
 would appear considerable 8trea:n«> 
 
[Ill 
 
 ■1 
 
 but In tlMOttAWft, • uinr* ftlllaMltof 
 thn 8t. l.awrfinc*. %n Mfl)»uit« motif 
 o»»»r, which rit««hi«i th« ii«i«nt •lr«»Hrii 
 •«i hundrfifl mll«« from lt« month, w» 
 h«v« • rlvnr four hundrwl «ind lUly 
 mUM long kimI four tlnM m l>l|t m ! 
 any of th«tn : hut •▼•n «ft«r having i 
 ••MnitMt lh« Ht. l.dwrcitMN' itMlf t«i 
 L«k«<)itt*rt<>. »n<l puriufd lU cotirwi | 
 •rroM I.ftkA Huron. th« Nlkicsra. th«| 
 Ht. OUlr and I-ak« Hujiwlor t<i 
 Thunrtwr H«y. n iil»t«iicii of on« thou- \ 
 ■And flfii hundiwl nitlBU. whern »r« 
 w«? In thfl MllniKtlon of Ihn pMion 
 who ha« iniwli* th« Journny. iit thn I'lid 
 of »ll Ihlnfta. lUu((ht«r.lbul to un who , 
 know Imltor, HoariMly *t the ouin 
 in«no«mniit of th« gr*»t fluvial 
 •TKtfiini of Ihn Dominion; fitr from 
 tnat iiiDt, that U to nay from Thund«r 
 H«r, WA arc able to Rhip our 
 utonlahnd trkTellar on to the K«m- 
 loUttqulB, a rtvar aome huodrtd mlloa 
 lODR. Thflnce alnioat In a atraiRht 
 1ln« wft Uunch him on " ' l>mk» 
 flhithandowan and Ilatny l.-i and 
 BI»«r—whoa«i proper name bynliie bye 
 la "llene." aflnr the man who dla- 
 ooy«rn<l It- a uia;(nlfloentRtrt«i4m three 
 hundred yardn broad and a couple of 
 hundred mllee lonR, down whoa«. 
 tranquil boeom he lloata Into the Lake 
 of the Woods, where he llnd* hiniaelfon 
 aahMt of water which, though dimlnu 
 tlTfl aa oompareil with the InUnd aeaa 
 he haa left Imhind him, will probably 
 b« found nulllclenUy extennlve to 
 render him fearfully H«MUilck [loud 
 laughter] durInK his paaaage acroas It. 
 For the laat eighty milea of hia 
 voyage, however, he will be consoled 
 by oailing through a sucoea^ion of 
 land locked chaunels, the beautv of 
 whose scenery, while It resembles, 
 oertainly excels the far -fame 1 Thou- 
 aand Islands of tha Ht. Lawrence. 
 (Qreat applause.] From this laous- 
 urlan paradise of sylvan beauty we are 
 able at once to transfer our friend to 
 th« Winnipeg, a river whose exls^encn 
 in th« very heart of the continent is in 
 itaelf one of Nature's most extra- 
 ordinary mira<;le8, [apitlauce,! so b«au- 
 tltul and varied are lis rocky banks, 
 ita tnfted islands, so broad, so d^ep, so 
 fervid is the volume of its waters, the 
 extent of their lake-like expansions, 
 and the tremendous power of their 
 rapids. [Loud cheering.] At laat let 
 OS suppoae we have landed oar 
 traveller at the town of Winnipeg, the 
 half-way house of the continent, the 
 capital of the I'rairie Provinoe, and I 
 trust the future "umbilicus" of the 
 Dominion. [Long continued ap- 
 plause.) 
 
 Having had so much of water, having 
 now reached the home of thebuflido, 
 like the extenuated FalstafT, be nat- 
 urally '*babblea of green .flelda." 
 Gaaghter and cbean] and careers in 
 aagination over the primeval grasses 
 of the prairie. Not at alt. Elconed 
 by Mr. Mayor and his town council we 
 take him down to your quay and ask 
 him which he will ascend first, the 
 Red River or the A«slnel)oine, the one 
 five hundred miles long, the other f jur 
 hundred and eighty, wnioh so happily 
 mingle their waters within your city 
 limits. [Cheering.] After having 
 given him a preliminary canter np 
 these respective rivers we take Mm 
 off to Lake Winnipeg, an Inlar d sea 
 three hundred miles long and npwalrds 
 of sixty broad, during the navigation 
 of which, for many a weary hour, he 
 will find himself ont of si^ht of land, 
 and prububiy a gosd deal more sea- 
 sick than ever he was on the Atlantic. 
 [Loud IniighterJ At the Eorthwest 
 angle of Lake Winnipeg he hits upon 
 the mouth of the Saskatchewan, the 
 
 fMaway ao4 high r«M4 Ui the North- 
 west, and the alartlag point Uiaitother 
 nrtM-n hundrrd inlUs of navigable 
 water, (lowing nearly due east Itetwaeu 
 Ita alluvial banlia, ((treat appla'ise.j 
 ilKViag mjw reaahed the ilocky 
 Mountains our "ancient mariner," fur 
 by this time ha will l)« i|uit« enlltlrd 
 to surh an appellation, [laught«r| 
 knowliiK that water cannot run uu 
 hill, feels (pertain his kouall «<«p«rl- 
 encea are (•iiinluiled. lie was never 
 mora niiatakHii [Laughter] We iin 
 nieiliHtely launch hlui upon the Attm 
 liitnkM niid M>w:k«ii/ia rivers, and start 
 hliu on a longer trip than any he haa 
 vel tindertaken, the navigation of the 
 Mat^kenxle river alone i-(r«edlnK two 
 thousand live hunduHl wllea. If he 
 survives this last ewnerience [laugh- 
 ter] we wlutl uu Ills peregrinations iiy 
 a Gunclud'..ig V( ysge of one thousand 
 four hi.ndred Miles down the Fraser, 
 or if he prefers It the Thompson river 
 to Victoria, in Vancouver, whence 
 having previously provtdmi him with 
 a return ticket fur that purpose, he 
 will nrobably prefer getting home via 
 the ('ana^tlan I'ltclllc. Now In theenti 
 uioeratlon, llioae who are a<(|ualnled 
 with the country are aware ihat for 
 the sake of hrevliy I hav<i ointtttMl 
 thousands of miles of other lakes and 
 rivers, which water various regions of 
 the Northwest, the Qu'Appelle river, 
 the iieliy river. Lake Manitoba, Lake 
 Winnipxgoosit, Khoal lake, etc., etc, 
 aloO' wTione Interminable banks I 
 might have dragged, and llnally exter- 
 minated our wayworn gueat, [laugh- 
 ter] but the sketch I have given is 
 more than sulllcient for my puriiose, 
 and when It Is further remembered 
 that the most of these streams flow 
 for their eatlre length through alluvial 
 plains of the richest description, 
 where year after year wheat hau be 
 raised without manure, or any sensible 
 diminution In its yield, and where the 
 soil everywhere presents the appear- 
 ance of a hlirhly c .Ittvated suburban 
 kitchen garden In Rogland. enough 
 has been jatd to display the agricul 
 tural riches of the territories I have 
 referred to, and tbe capabilities they 
 possess of affording happy and pros- 
 perous homes to mlll'ons of the human 
 raee. [ Deafening applause] 
 
 Uut in contemplating tbe vistas thus 
 opened to our imagination, we must 
 not forget that there ensues a corres- 
 uondlng expansion of our obligations. 
 Fr iastaace, unless greatcureis taken 
 we shall find as we move westwards 
 that the exigencies of oivlllzation 
 may clash injuriously with the 
 prejudices and traditional habits of 
 our Indian fellow-subjeots. [Hear, 
 hear.] As long as Canada was In 
 the woods, 
 
 THB INDIAK PROBLBH 
 was comparatively easy, theprogress of 
 settlement was slow enough to give 
 ample time and opportunity for arriv- 
 ing at an amicable and mutually con- 
 venient arrangement with euch tribe 
 with whoii we successively came into 
 contact, but once out upon tho plains 
 colonization will advance witn far 
 more rapid and ungov<-rnable strides, 
 and it cannot fail evenlually to inter- 
 fere with the by no means inex- 
 haustible supply of buffalo upon 
 which so many of the Indian tribes 
 are now dependent. Against this 
 contingency it will be]our most urgent 
 and imperative duty to take timely 
 precautions by enabling tbe red man 
 not by any undue nre«nnr«, or hastvnr 
 Ill-considered interferences, but' by 
 precept, example, and suasion, by gifts 
 of cattle, and other eucouragemt-nts, 
 to exchange the precarious life of a 
 
 hunter for tliat of a pM-)ral and 
 eventually that of an agr-cuUuiai 
 tieople [Heat hear and ai>plait«f( | 
 iiii|ii>ily In no part of her M«ie«ty's 
 donilniitns are the rela.lons existing 
 between the white settler and Ihs 
 original natives and masters of the 
 land so well understood or so gener- 
 ously and humanely Interpreted as 
 In Oana4ia, and as a couB^quenos 
 Insteaii of tieing a cause of an anxiety 
 and 'tiaturlHince, the Indian tribes of 
 the Domi.'lon are regardml a* a valu- 
 able adjunit to our strength »n6 
 ln>tustry. WIterever I have gone In 
 the ."r ,/ince- and since I have been 
 here, I have travelled nearly a 
 thousand miles within yi.ur lioraers 
 — i have found the Indians upon 
 their several reserves, prelermilting a 
 few pretty grievances of a local 
 cliaraoter they thought themselves 
 Justllled In preferring, contented and 
 satlstled. upon the most friendly 
 terms with their white neighlM>rs, and 
 Imtillnltly contidlng in the g<HMl faith 
 lind paternal solicllude of the (lovern- 
 inent. [Apulause. ] 
 
 In some (iistrlrts I have learnt with 
 pleasure that the Hloux, wiio some 
 years since entered our territory 
 under such sinister circum 
 stances — I do not of course 
 refer to the recent visit of NlttUiK 
 Kull and his people— | laughter I are 
 not only imrfectly i>eaceal)ln aixf wel. 
 behave<l but have turned Into useful 
 and hardworking laboiers and 
 harvestnien, [hear, hear] while In the 
 more distant settlements, the less 
 domesticated bands of natives 
 whethe.' as hunters, voyageura, guide* 
 purveyors of our furs and game, prove 
 yi anpreciably advantageous element 
 in thei et:onomical structure of tbe 
 colony. [Applause.] There Is no 
 doubt that a great deal of the goo«t 
 feeling thus Miil>slsting among the reil 
 men and ourseltes Is due to the In 
 (lueuce and lnter(N)sitlon of that in 
 valuable class of men tbe balf-breed 
 settlers and pioneers of Manitoba 
 [tremendous applause] who, com 
 Dining as they do the hardihood, the 
 endurance and love of enterprise 
 generated by the strain of Indian 
 blood within their veins, with the 
 civilization, tbe Instruction, and the 
 intellectual power derived from their 
 fathers have preached the gospel of 
 peace and good will, and mutual 
 respect, witn cquallr beneOcent 
 results, to the Indian cniefta'n in his 
 lodge, and the British settler in his 
 shanty. [Renewed appU^^e.] They 
 have been tbe embassadors between 
 the East and the West, the inter- 
 preters of civilization, and Its exigen- 
 cies, t' tbe dwellers on the prairie, as 
 well as the exponents to the white 
 man of the consideration Justly doe to 
 the susceptibilities, the sensitive self- 
 respect, the prejudices, the innate crav- 
 ing for Justice of the Indian race. 
 [Continued applavse.] In faot, they 
 have done for the colony what other- 
 wise would have Ijeen left un- 
 uocompltshed, and have introduced 
 between the white population and 
 the red man a traditional feeling of 
 amity and friendships, which, i)ut for 
 them, it might have been Impossible 
 to establish. [Cheers.] 
 
 Nor can I pass by the humane, 
 kindly, and considerate atten- 
 tion, which has ever dis- 
 tinguished the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany in its dealings with the native 
 population. [Applause.] B'lt though 
 giving credit to these fortuuate influ- 
 ences amongst tbe causes which are 
 ijonducing to produce and preserve 
 this happy result, the place of honor 
 
 iiiim of pit 
 
 be said t<J 
 iously, till 
 exceptiorJ 
 [Hear, hel 
 
fMl 
 
 I «| iiiu] 
 kj{i (ittUurftl 
 
 ft|i|llKli*«1 { 
 
 r MxlMly't 
 
 III •>Ilstlll|| 
 
 r and ih* 
 i«t« of th« 
 r •« |p»n»ir 
 nr|ir«>t«>4 u 
 oiiBftiurnc*! 
 F ftll Knxifltjr 
 ■n trIbM of 
 (i M k valii- 
 rniiKth Mild 
 kv« Ron* In 
 
 have b««n 
 nMrly » 
 i,ur bordcri 
 iiHiia upon 
 iPiinlttlnK M 
 of • local 
 
 th«iii>M«lvwi 
 int«iit«><! and 
 t frloiuily 
 IghlMim, ami 
 n K<><>*' faltli 
 tbe (iuvern 
 
 1 1«arnt with 
 who aomt 
 ir territory 
 r clrcum- 
 of ouursf 
 t of HIltlnR 
 iUght««rl ar« 
 tit« ana waII 
 I Into lUafut 
 loiArs and 
 while In th«t 
 
 til, thA !•»!* 
 
 of natlv^H, 
 ;«uri, Kuld«ti, 
 
 gaini*, provn 
 soHii «l«^m«nt 
 tur« of thfl 
 'here ia no 
 
 of the good 
 mong the red 
 ue to the In- 
 a of that In- 
 lie half-bre«<l 
 )f Munllolin 
 
 who, com- 
 ardlhood, the 
 t enterprise 
 a of Indian 
 w, with the 
 tion, and th« 
 rtd from their 
 the gospel of 
 
 and mutual 
 
 b«D«&OMlt 
 
 lefta'n la ht> 
 
 settler In bin 
 il» .ae.] They 
 dors between 
 St, the Inter- 
 ad lU KXigen- 
 the prairie, as 
 to the white 
 1 justly due to 
 sensitive self - 
 leln^at^^crav- 
 Indlan race. 
 In fact, they 
 f what other- 
 een left un- 
 e introdaced 
 pulatlon and 
 iiial feeling of 
 irbich, but for 
 sen Impossible 
 
 the humai^e, 
 erate atten- 
 ever dla- 
 n B-iy f!om- 
 ith the tiatlvfi 
 ,] B'ltthoutjh 
 irtunate influ- 
 ses which are 
 
 and prfRorve 
 place of honor 
 
 Mtttt b» ail)it<}g«d to thai hono«abt« 
 ■MgMMroiia pulldy whiuh haa bmm 
 pantMd by aucc^lv* <hiv«rnmmiU of 
 CaniMia t4twards thii Indian, whl«h at 
 till* iitowaut la Iwlng mipiirlntMndM) 
 anil oMrrittf out witti ao uiuoh taflt,dl«* 
 era loB kad ability bv vour prwMint 
 l.taiiWinant Governor, |«rtiMirs| unda 
 which the eitlnction of the Indian 
 UtI" upon Itlwral tetnia haa invaria- 
 bly iMwn r«<itigiii/.«d aaa imtiMuiarv (trx 
 Itmlnary to the •H'rupatloii of a aingle 
 t<|uar« yard of native territory, llut 
 oar friends and nftHhbiira are by no 
 maana the nnly alien coininunitlea in 
 Manlt4>ba winch drmandihe aollcltude 
 of the (lovinnrneril anil eiulta our 
 •ymp^thy und uurloalty. In close 
 proitmily to Winnlpag, two other 
 cuuimuiiltlM, tbe 
 
 MBNNONITM AND l()Kl.ANI>RHM, 
 
 itarting from opp>alt« enda of 
 Kurope, without either- concert or 
 coinmiiiiic^tlon, have a«iught fresh 
 lioiuea within our territory, the one of 
 Kusalan extraction, though Unrman 
 ram, moved by a desire to esca|ie from 
 theolillgHttona of law which was re- 
 piilifiveto their ooiianlenoe, the other 
 br«d amid the snows and ashea of an 
 Arctic volcano, by the hone of better- 
 ing thfir material condition. Al- 
 though I have witnessed many sights 
 to oaus« me pleasure during my 
 vsriouM progresses through the Do- 
 minion, seldom have ( beheld any 
 ipectncle more pregnant with proph- 
 ecy, more fraught with promise of an 
 ittttoiiishiiig fuiure than * '<e Mennuiiite 
 Rtitllement. [Oreat apc .tuse | When 
 I visited lh«Br> interestiiiir ',)eople they 
 had only Iwen two years In the 
 I'rovtnce, and yet In a long ride I took 
 across the prairie, which but yester- 
 day was almolutely bit re, desolate and 
 untenanted, the home or tbe wolf, the 
 trndger and the eagle, I passMl village 
 <tll)ir village, tiomestead after home- 
 itea<1, ftirntshetl with all the conveni- 
 ences and incidents of Kuropean com- 
 fort, and a Hcientltlcagricultur«. while 
 ( u either side the road cornUelds al- 
 leady ripa for harvest, and pastures 
 |M)pulouH with herds of cattle, 
 titretobed away to the horizon. [Great 
 cheering.] 
 
 Kven on this continent, tbe pecu- 
 liar theatre ot rapid change and 
 progress, there has nowhere, I im- 
 agine, taken place so marvelous a 
 transformation, [renewed cheers] and , 
 yet when in your name and in the 
 name of the ()ueen of England I bade 
 these people welcome to their new 
 homes, it was not the improvement In 
 liicir material for, unes tfiai prc-occu- 
 pied my thoughts. Ulad as I was of 
 having the power of applotting lliem 
 so ample a portion of our teeming soli, 
 % Mch seems to blossom at a touch, 
 [continued applause] and which they 
 were cultivating to such m-inifest ad- 
 vantage, r felt Intlniiely prouder in be- 
 ing ablo to throw over them the segis 
 of the British constitution [loud cheer- 
 ing], and in bidding them freely share 
 with us our unrivttltd political insil- 
 lut'oua, our uutrammeled personal 
 liberty. [Ilenewed cheers. We our- 
 selves are ao accustomed to breathe 
 the atmosphere of f»-^dom that It; 
 scarcely occurs to us to consider or | 
 appreciate our advantages In this re- ' 
 spect. It is only when we are remind- 
 ed by such in Ideuts as that to which 
 1 refer, of the small extent of the 
 w orld's surface over which the prlncl- ' 
 pled of pai'lisuieiitary Kovernuseut can 
 be said to work amoothly and harmon- 
 iously, that we are led to consider the ! 
 exceptional happiness of our position. ; 
 [Hear, hear.] Nor was my visit to the 
 
 sub 
 
 atanatf I 
 an InMnMl 
 
 literature of 
 and the klndnmia 
 
 MW ■■■•MMi fvlioW' 
 
 . MM lutiK K* 
 
 to IM tlli 
 tha taMi4tn»Ttai< 
 I OAM 
 
 oitet «ip*" 
 
 at the hand* of the IiMlatidlc ptopin >ti 
 their own iaiand induced me to take a 
 diwp iitti«r«Mt in thti w«irar <of tliia new 
 IniinlttralifHi [Apiilauae. | Whan w« 
 take into accouiittheaecluded uoaltlon 
 of the Icelandic nation for the iaat 
 thoitaand f«4r*, thit unfavurabln con- 
 dilioiia of tlieir climatic mu\ gmigrapti- 
 leal Hltiiatloii, it would lie unrea««m- 
 abin to Hirpeut. i» at a colony from 
 thence nhould exhib** the name apti- 
 tude for agricult'.ra* tnterpilae and 
 a<*ttl«mnnt aa w<,uld b i iHiaaeaand liy m 
 |M>oide freah from Intimate contact 
 witli the highoi'civ.lixatlonof Kurop4>. 
 In '--ifland there are neither trees nor 
 corntlelda, nor highways. You canrot 
 therefore expect an Icelander to exhi- 
 bit an Inspire)! nroltclency In felling 
 treea. ploughing land, or making roads, 
 yet unfortuuiiteiy these are the thrte 
 ai^omidishmentH moat necesaary to a 
 colonist in ('aiiada. Hut though atart- 
 Ing at a disadvantage in these reapocta 
 ymi must nut uiideiate the capacity 
 of your new fellow countrymen 
 They are eiHloweil with a gr at deal of 
 Intellectual ability, and a quick tutelll 
 Igence. They are well educated. I 
 scarcely entered a hovel at GImlli 
 whicli did not posseas a library. They 
 >tre well coiiducte<l, religious and peao- 
 Hblfl. AtMveall thinga they are do- 
 cile and anxiout to learn. [Applause] 
 Nor, oonaldering the dlitlculty thai 
 prevails in this country in procuring 
 women servantH, will the acce- 
 slon of some hundreds of bright, 
 XoiHl-bumored. though perhaps awk- 
 ward, yet willing, Icelandic glrln, anx- 
 ious for emnloyment, be found a dis- 
 advantage oy the '-esident ladies of 
 tlie country. [Hear, hear',. Hhould 
 the diMt>erslon of these ^tmng ladles 
 lead in course of time to the forma- 
 tion of more tem^ierate and tenderer 
 ties than those of mere neighborhood 
 between the Canadian and the Ice 
 lai.dic colony, 1 am safe In predicting 
 that tt will not prove a matter of re- 
 gret on the one side or the other. 
 [Laughter and applause.] And, gen- 
 tlemen, in reference to this point. J 
 cannot help remarking with satisfac- 
 tion theextent to which a commun- 
 ity of interests, the sense of being en- 
 gaged in a common undertaking, the 
 obvious degree in which the prosper- 
 ity of any one man is a gain to his 
 neighborH, has HinalgHUiated the var- 
 ious sections of tlie population of this 
 Province, originally so diverse in race, 
 origin and religion, into a patriotic, 
 closely welded and united whole. [Ap 
 plause and chwrlng.] lu no part of 
 Canada have I f .und a better feeling , 
 between all classes and sections ot tbe 
 community. [Cheers] It Is In Bi 
 great meaaur» owing to this wide 
 spread sentiment of brotherhood that 
 on a recent occasion great tronbles 
 have bee I averted, while at the pres- 
 ent moment it is tinding its crowning 
 and most triumphant expression in 
 the establish raent of a university un- 
 der conditions which have been found 
 impossible of application in any other 
 Province ot Camula— I may say in any 
 other country in the world— for no- ; 
 where else, either in Europe or on this i 
 continent, as far as I am aware, have ; 
 
 religious communities into which the ' 
 GhrTstlan world is so unhappily divid- ! 
 ed, combined to erect aa alma mater ; 
 to which all the denominational col- j 
 
 ' iiMi ot m* i«r«vi<MW are to b« ■Alii*' 
 ■a (grrat apiihiiia*.! and wboee aki^ 
 
 UteaaiM|4*iftt|iiM *r« to lia regulatml and 
 •^^spwMWl "MMr the Joint aii«pic«>a of a 
 
 ■"-""W""' 9o4tf, in which all Um 
 tterMMted. An aolwlv*- 
 UU4 kilto ewHiks voiumM in 
 favor of wMbOK liberality and th« 
 ('hrlataln elMWltr of theae davotad 
 iiiaii l>r whesi In tbladlatant land, ' he 
 coiuciMtuMs of th« population 
 ara lad iMd enllghteotNt ; tuBf 
 may ttNV b<i apariMl to §m 
 tha ittaou of their axertloue 
 and iitmiuabiisoua a«ortaa«« in the 
 good colonel and grateful devotion of 
 their rff^e^ve tlmika. [Loud 
 aptiUuae 1 
 
 Nor. 1 Mn happy to think. Is thla 
 good taUowahip upon which I tiave 
 so muttb cause to congratulate 
 you, ooaiBed either within tbe lim- 
 its of Uw Province or those of 
 the boaialou. Nothtf.„ .tuuck me 
 more on my w»y through St. Paul, to 
 
 TB« UWITKI) VTATICa, 
 
 than ilM sympathetic manner In 
 wiiiuh the luhMblUnts of that 
 llouilalilBfl city atiudMl to the pro- 
 krees mmT proap<wta of (JaniMla and 
 the northwest [great applause | and on 
 arriving heie I waa equally struck by 
 Ilndiiigeveu a luorcexulierHiit i;ounter- 
 iiart of thoaa friendly sentimente. 
 [Itenewed applauae.] The reason le 
 not far to seek, (juite indiiteiidently 
 of the genial intercourse promoted by 
 (lelgltborhtHKl, and the intergrowtb of 
 comiuerelal relations, a bond of sym- 
 patliy between the two populations il 
 created by the consciousiieMS that they 
 are both eng^ed in an enterprise of 
 world-wide importance, that they are 
 both organized corps in the ranks of 
 humanity, and the wings of a great 
 army, marching in line on a level 
 front, that they are both engaged in 
 advancing the standard of civilization 
 wttstwards [applause], that for many 
 a yHHr to come they will lie aisociated 
 In the task of converting tlie breadths 
 of prairie that stretch between them 
 and the setting sun Into one vast 
 pitradise of Interna luoal peace, of 
 domeaUc happiness, and material 
 plenty. Between two communltiee 
 thus occupied it Is impossible but that 
 amity and loving kindness should b9 
 begotten. tAppUuseJ 
 
 But perhaps It will be asked how 
 can I, who am tbe natural and 
 utticial guardian of Canada's virtue, 
 iw.rt with satisfaction such 
 dangeiouslv sentimental procllvlicB 
 towards rier seductive imiKitbtMri 
 1 will reply by appealing to 
 ttuise experienced maironH and 
 chuiiecones I see around me. They 
 will tell you that wlien a young lady 
 expreiAefl her frank ndmiratiou for a 
 mau.'when Hlie welcomes his approach 
 with Unconstrained pleasure, crosses 
 the foom to sit down l^eslde him, 
 
 Eressea him to Join her picnic, praises 
 tm to her friends, there is not the 
 slightest fear of her affections having 
 been surreptitiously entrapperl by the 
 gay deceiver. [Great hiu«bter.] On 
 the contrary, it is when slie can 
 scarcely be brought to mention his 
 namB— [renewed laughter]— when she 
 avoids his societ' , wlien .she alludes to 
 him with malice .;nd diaparagement, 
 that real danger ia to be uppreheiided. 
 
 I Uproarious laughter and applause*] 
 lo, uut Oanarja both loves (uid 
 admires thw llnlted .States, but it is 
 
 which a heart-whole m.^iden feels for 
 some big, boisterous, young cousin, 
 fresh from school, and elate with 
 animal spirits and good nature. 
 
 
tM| 
 
 I Laughtor | sh« knowt h« la •tronMr 
 •ltd Mor* mum 111 ar than h«ra#lf. haa 
 lota nt pock»l itionajr, ran aotoli* <"*»»" 
 Kill] tiMir ariMiiMl la iMlMlfliMM lit an 
 oatcntatlniia mannar faiil i WB Ui th« 
 dMorum of ti*r own •Itaaiktti, [<li*at 
 iMfbUr 1 Hha ailnitroa tiln fur hta 
 Blgnaaa and utritncth. and pniaiwrity. 
 •ht llkaa to hrar or hia punf^liliiK tli* 
 haada of oib*r iiojri I r«n«> wmI laiiff ii I «r I 
 aba antUrtpatMi muI will i)« nroiKi of 
 hU fiitura aurmwa In llf*, ana luvoa 
 ItlBt for Ilia affrrtlorate aed loyal 
 friandahlp for hrravlf, aud parhapa a 
 lttl> laiiahaat him for (.h«|>«tronl/liii( 
 air wUti wlitrh hr (•ipraaaaa It. 
 (riMira of lauRhtar) 
 
 ^ liut of no nrarvr coniirctlon doM 
 ■Ua draam, nur doaa bla hul^* 
 Imaca for a mumant dlaturb 
 bar virginal medltatlona. In a 
 world apart, aritudad froin ail 
 aitriinroni Inlluaneaa. nmtllng at 
 tliK fr«>t of bar majvatlo mothar. Can 
 adn, (Irratna h«>r draam, and forbodaa 
 b«r dMitlny-M drram uf fvar.bkMim 
 Ing harvrala, multiplying lowtia and 
 
 vlllagaa, and aipandlng paatiiraa, of 
 tutnatitiitlonal a«lf g<iv«<rnni«nt, and a 
 r><infMli>ral#«l Kmnlrn, of paao afl«r 
 paga of honoiaiila hiatory, addad aa 
 n*r ronlilbiitlon to th« annala of tha 
 mothar I'onntrjr, and to tha glorlaa of 
 tlia Itrltlah " ^'a (tiaaiancToua ap 
 plauaa.l of a oarpatuatlon for all lima 
 i>pon thia nuntlnant of that tam|M«rala 
 and wall iNilanoatl Rvatam <if nionarnh- 
 Iral Kovnrnmniit. which nomhlnaa In 
 ona miKhty whola aa tha alt<rnal poa 
 naaaloii of all V. gllahman, thahrtlltanl 
 hUlio y and tradition* of .ha paal, with 
 Ihariraat and iii'Mt untramuiallad llh- 
 arty i>r ai'tlon In tha fulnra. lt<onK 
 contlnua<l apiilaiiaa and chaara | I. a 
 diaa ""d Knnll«*nion, I hava now ilona. 
 I hava to thank you for tha iiallanna 
 with which you hava llatanau to ma, 
 and onca aKHiri for tha many ktndnaaa 
 aa you hava dona l.ady Diiffarin and 
 mynnlf during our atay nmongit you. 
 Mo«t haartlly do I cotigratulata you 
 upon all that you ara di>Ing, and ujinn 
 tha glorloua proa|iact of pruaiMirlty 
 which In <t'>«nlng out on avary alda of 
 
 von. lApplauaa.j Though alaawbara 
 In tha nomlnton alagnatroii of trad* 
 and mimmarra haa rha<-ka<l for a yaar 
 or two tha ganaral ailvanoaof t'anaila 
 hara at laaat you hav« aacaiiad tha «f 
 faflta of auoh ainlatar Iniildanta, for 
 your walfara Itaing baaad upon tha 
 moat aolld of all foundatlona. Uia eul- 
 llvatlon of tha aoll, you ara In a p«>- 
 altlon to piiraiia tha a van tanor of your 
 way untroulila«t liy thoaa altarathmi 
 of fortuna whirli diatiirti tha world of 
 Irada and mancrartura. You hav* 
 haan hlaaaatl with an aliundaiit hni vmt 
 and a<H(n I truat will a railway > omt 
 to carry to thoaa who naad It thn 4iir 
 plua of your oriMlnca, now, aa my own 
 ayaa hava witnaaaad imprlaona<l in 
 your alorahouaaa for want of Hit 
 maaiia of tranaport. May tha aipamt 
 Ing llnancaa of tha country aiMm plaoa 
 tha Oovarnmant In a poalUon to grat- 
 ify your Juat and natural axpa^tatlona 
 [ Lottd ctiaara and applaoa*. ]