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 THE 
 
 •*«!«*■* 
 
 rPTiil 
 
 V 
 
 ''i»''-. 
 
 ONTARIO, CANADA, 
 
 I'.V 
 
 R. P. ROTHWf-:LL, M.H., 
 
 NIW YDKK ( I lY. 
 
 A Paper Rfad bf.forf. thf Amfkican Institute of Mining 
 
 Engineers, at the Phii adei.phia Meeting, 
 
 February, 1881. 
 
 AUTHOR'S EDITION. 
 1881. 
 
1^ 
 
 r r^ 
 
 . .'I 
 
 c^ Wufmit^y t^d^fv^ ^o/um/ti{ 
 
 V/r 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 

 THE GOLD-BE AlilNG MISPTCKEL VEINS OF MARMORA, 
 
 ONTARIO. CANADA. 
 
 BY R. P. ROTH WELL, M.E., NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 About thirty miles north of the city of Belleville (which is situ- 
 ated on a branch of Lake Ontario), and in the township of Marmora, 
 Ontario, th' 'e is found a belt of f;old-l)earin<^ quartz veins which 
 present geold. 'cal, mineralojjical, and econoniie features of };;reat in- 
 terest to the piwfi'ssion. The district in which these veins are found 
 is characterized as a rolling; country, with low rounded hills of syen- 
 itic granite, overlain on the flatdvs of the hills by Silurian limestones, 
 which lie in nearly horizontal beds, and in some pla<'es are so fine 
 in texture as to afford lithowra]ihic stone of a fair (piality. 
 
 The jjold-bearing veins run north and south through this belt of 
 syenitic granite, and are qnartz-*^lled true fissures, with micaceous 
 or talcoid slates forming the wmIIs (»f and horses in the veins. This 
 talcose, slaty rock is evidently the product of the chemical decom- 
 pofiiti(m of the syenite along the fissures, the quartz being segregated 
 from the country rock into the veins, and the hornblende of the 
 syenite furnishing the magnesia of the talcoid slates. The veins, 
 besides quartz, contain also, as gangue, crystallized calc-spar, and 
 occasionally crystallized black mica. The ore scattered through this 
 gangue, in heavy bands in some places and in detached, well-formed 
 crystals at others points, is an arsenical sulphuret of iron (mispickel), 
 having a composition of about 55 per i-.n. of ir^a unO cr cent, 
 
 of arsenic, and |)erhaps 20 per cent, of sulphur. Th." ispickel 
 contains the greater part of the gold for which the mines worked, 
 but free gold is also found scattered through the quartz in si lall 
 leaves and grains, and it is also found, showing freely at timves, in 
 the mispickel itself. 
 
 The tests which have been made of these veins and their ores have 
 so thoroughly established the facts of the continuity of the veins, 
 both in length and depth and the economic value of the ores, that 
 
(JOlil)-HKAKlXO MIHl'lCKKI. VEINS OF MAKMOHA. 
 
 the interest which would naturally he tak^n in h«> |»romisinf; a pros- 
 jKH't as this was, (!ven hcCortMlfvelopnient, has now ihrpciuMl into the 
 substantial form of an interest in a ^^reat inOustrial entcr|»ris('. 
 
 ( Jol(l«\vas (irst (lis(;(>v«'re«l in this distrirt in 1 8(5') as tree jjoM in 
 <|uart/ :i!:<l inis|iiclxrl, and sp<>radj(' attempts have since hecii made 
 at two or ihret! points to treat the ores, chicHv hv raw amalirau'ation. 
 As mifrht have been anticipated from the nature of the ore, hut a 
 very small proportion of the jrold was saved in this way, whih' th(^ 
 expense <»(' treatment in the small and primitive niills adopted was 
 jjreat and the loss of (piicksilver heavy. There was neither experi- 
 ence nor technical knowledge available at tin; time, and no sufUcient 
 capital to put up suitable works or todeveloj) tin' mines ; hente they 
 have lain iille all these years without a sinj^le serious effort to work 
 them on an economical bu is. Xevertheless, many tests (»f the ores 
 were made, some on (piite an extensive scale, in reduction works 
 in the United States and England, and the result** were invarial)ly 
 highly satisfactory. 
 
 liy far the most extensive and the only systematic tests of these 
 veins and their ores have been made upon the properties shown in 
 the acconi|)anying maps, and which form a portion of the properties 
 combined under the ownership of the Canada (/onsolidated Gohl 
 Mining Company. 
 
 From these tests some four or five parallel veins have lu'cn proven 
 to «'xist in a belt of AOO or 600 feet in widtii, running through t'le 
 property of this company fora length of over three-tjuarters of a mile, 
 while the main vein has been opeuitl on adjoining properties, making 
 a total proven length of this great fissure (»f about three miles on the 
 vein, a fiiet which, next to actual sinking, may be considered the best 
 proof of the continuance in depth of the veins. Three of these veir.s 
 have been proven on this property by cos tea n pits an<l shafts sunk at 
 short intervals along their outcro|)s, to <lepths varying fron> l/i to 
 lAO feet. In this manner, the east or main vein has been thorcuighly 
 explored gyer a length of alK)nt 800 feet by shafts of from 4(Ko 150 
 feet in deptii ; these have, in every ease, l)een in pay-ore all the way; 
 their lowest points are now in as gooil ore as has l)een found on the 
 property ; and they have shown this vein to have a thickness exceed- 
 ing 20 feet in many places, and averaging probably 8 or 10 feet; 
 while the middle and west veins, though smaller, have still appar- 
 ently u thit^kness of three feet ant! upward. As each foot of thick- 
 ness for a length of 700 feet an<l a depth of 150 feet will yield about 
 10,000 tons of ore, tiie estimates which count as technically in sight, 
 
 T 
 
 .. 
 
•I 
 
 (. 
 
 (J«>I,l»-HKAHrN(l MIHIMCKKI, VKINS OF MAIIMOHA. 
 
 in tlilH mnall part of tlii?< vriu aloiw, li in <;(I,(M)(» t.» 7o,()<K) t«tiis of 
 ori', must Im' coimiiU't'tHl very inixlcral*'. Tlicsr csliniatr-i and snuw 
 nnirli liijrliff liavo been made by a niiinlxT of ('XpcrtM of large v\- 
 HC'rieiice. 
 
 I'erliaps tlu* (|ii(>stion of greatest interest is the average gold eon- 
 tentM of the ore; and as this has been determined in a very thorough 
 manner under my own supervision, 1 shall enter somewhat into the 
 detail of the worU, as showing what is eonsidere<l essential in deter- 
 mining with safety the average value of a goM ore and ot'a mine. 
 
 Stme three or four thousand tons of ore have been mined n|M)u 
 tiiis property, and of this alxuit a half has been milled or treated in 
 a variety of ways, and the remainder is now on the <lumps. The 
 first tests of these ores were mad<' from samples selected by various 
 exjK'rts who have from time to time examined the property. Some 
 of the results were as follows: 
 
 Twenty assays, made at the laboratory of the (Jeologieal Survey 
 of Cana(hi, ofsunples from the Marnjora miiu's, gave an average (»f 
 1.0307 ounces of gold, e<pial to $.'53.81 per ton of liOOO poun<ls. 
 Twelvt' »)f these samples were from the (Jatling mines, and gave an 
 average of 1,1)107 ounces of goM, or ^.'>J».47 per ton. 
 
 Professor E. J. Chapman, of the l>niversity C-ollege, Toront(), 
 savs : " 1 have made assavs of its ores fn)m time to tiuje, and I have 
 never till le<l to obtain from any sample (mispieUel), as a minimum 
 value, at least l^oO per ton." "The following results wereobtained 
 fr«)m samples collected very carefully, with a view to obtain the aver- 
 age amount (jf precious metal held by the undresse<l ore: No. 1, or 
 Ea.st Vein — Gold, ^73.50; silver,] ounce. No. 3, or Mid<lleVciu — 
 (jold, $()!). 80 ; silver,] ounce. O'Neil Shaft, mi«ldle vein — (iold, 
 $00.20; silver, jounce. On a Ibrmer occasion, I obtained from a 
 small sample of the Gatlingore $112, and I'rom pure mispiekcl $100 
 per ton.'' 
 
 Mr. •James Douglas, dr.. Mining Engineer, sjiys : "A sample 
 taken Jis tidrly as possible from the ore-piles (»nlhc (iatling Compa- 
 ny's property, tin' five-acre lot and the Hawkeyi; lot, gives me in 
 gold 1 o/. T) dwts., value, 25.84 per ton of 2000 pounds." 
 
 l*rofes.sor W. T. Rickard, of London, says: " I took samjilcMfrom 
 the various shafts and openings on each claim, and ground them 
 together. ... I picked out a large quantity of pure mis|>ickel, 
 erushe<l and sampled, and assayed the same. ... 1 deducted the 
 eHtimatcd amount of quartz, u.ss(K!iated with the niispickel, and tlieii 
 
OOLD-BtAHINO MIHPRKEL VEINS oF MAKMOltA. 
 
 allowed 60 per t*ent. for (It'prfciation in the (jimlily of tin* iiiispickul. 
 The following; results wen; obtained l»y ('urel'iil a!«-i!»y: 
 
 Haicheije ore iVoin three shafts, mixed inispiekel — (i«»ld,$7'j»>.48; 
 silver, §15.71. Total, STOJMU. 
 
 G all ht</ Jive -acre lot. — From one shaft (juart/ — Gold, lS2t)().y.'3; 
 silver, %:\.U. Total, §20 1.07 per ton. 
 
 (iatliiu/ Coiupatii/. — From three shafts, mixinl mispieUel — Gold, 
 $351.03 ; silver, §21.91. Total, §373.54. 
 
 Gatlimj Coinpdnj/. — O'Neil Shaft, third vein — Gold, ^37G.64 ; 
 silver, §7.85. Total, §384.41). 
 
 Tuttle. Properti/.—Suri'Acv iiuartz— (iold, §125.48; silver, §4.70. 
 Total, §130.18. 
 
 Avrrnqe — First-clnss quartz and |iiirr( ini>|ii('kel, 
 Di'iliK't I ton for irimsjii" in Imlk, Iciivini; 
 
 " } ton for inlVrior inispiclu'l, li-uvin;; 
 
 " for loss in reduction $7 23, Icivinj;. 
 Or not yield of oro in treatment §30 per ton 
 
 $372 29 
 74 48 
 37 23 
 30 00 
 
 F. VV. Dahne, Fscj., who dressed a lot ofthis(»re sent to Swansea, 
 says: "The ore I treated eontained, heforedressin*;, 2^ ounces of gold 
 to the ton (2240 poui 
 
 Captain lienjamin .^ .i. ..mer,whoexamined these mines tor .Messrs. 
 John Taylor & Sons, of London, carefully sampled the ores from the 
 different openings, and had his samples assayed hy Professor Chap- 
 man, of University College, Toronto, who obtained the following as 
 the average of a number of assays, gold eountetl at §20.GG per ounce 
 
 troy: 
 
 Sample No. 19, Gold $38.r.5 jx-r ton of 2000 pounds. 
 " No. E, '• 24.87 
 " No. F, " 30.00 " " 
 
 " No. O, " 24.74 
 Average, S31.21. 
 
 The amount of silver in these samples never exceeded \ ounce per 
 ton. 
 
 TESTS ON A LARGER SCALE. 
 
 Two barrels of average ore treated at Balbach's works, in Newark, 
 N. J., yielded : 
 
 From Bad Vein — Gold, §23.76 ; silver, §4.07. Total, §27.83 
 per ton of 2000 jwunds. 
 
 From O'Neil ISha/t— Gold, §25.02 ; silver, §4.39. Total, §30.01 
 per ton. 
 
 Four barrels of ore seut to Messrs. Richardson & Co., Swansea, 
 
 A 
 
OOLD-HEAKINO MWPK'KEL VEIN8 OF MARMORA. 
 
 f^ 
 
 . 
 
 yielded uh follows (iwsuys beinj^ reduced to dollars per ton of 2000 
 pounds): 
 
 Tuttie ^haft.—iU>U\, 1^93; silver, $7 per ton (2000 pounds). 
 
 Gatling CompanifH Deep iShdJt. — Gold, l?.'J7.2l ; silver, $20 per 
 ton (2000 |K)und»). 
 
 (iatlhuf Coiai<aiiyH A Shaft. — (r«)ld, §23.15 ; silver, $18 per ton 
 (2000 i>omids). 
 
 (kitlinr/ Company*n (/Neil -S7«t/?.— Gold, $23.16; silver, $100 
 per ton (2000 j ounds). 
 
 The report lor a large lot of ore from the O'Neil shall, sub- 
 sequently sent l.o the same Swansea parties, was as follows : 
 
 For 19.8 tens: Gold, $23.15; silver, $0.50 per ton of 2000 
 pounds. 
 
 For 9.9 ton« : Gold, $27.90 ; silver, $0.75 per ton of 2000 pounds. 
 
 For 4.4. tons : Gold, $55.H1 ; silver, $0.50 per ton of 2000 pounds. 
 
 Analyses of pure mispiekel, made by Thonia.** Thomas and J. 
 Hernaman James, Assayers in Swansea, to Messrs. Richardson & 
 Co., were as follows (the gold being reducetl to dollars in a ton of 
 2000 pounds at $20.67 per ounce) : 
 
 Peroxide of iron 
 
 Silleu ! 
 
 Sulplnir I 
 
 Arst'iiic 
 
 Nickel 1 
 
 Silver (jMjr ton of JOiKi poiiiuls). 1 
 Gold ((ler ton of JJOij poniKlH)... 
 
 SMAl.l. 
 
 LARUE 
 
 CRYHTAL1.IZATI0N. 
 
 CKVHTALLIZATIO.N. 
 
 W.0O 
 
 .)»).(X) 
 
 0.51 
 
 ().(i:t 
 
 19.03 
 
 i«.i;) 
 
 •J5.70 
 
 •j;i.o<j 
 
 1 riici'. 
 
 truce. 
 
 trtK'i'. 
 
 8(i.o<) 
 
 S;i(M'>.i«,5 
 
 1 
 
 Mr. K. W. Harmon, in 1876, ttisted the ores from these proper- 
 ties in the interest of Boston parties, who had a patent process for 
 treating sulphuret ores. The following are the results obtained by 
 Mr. Harmon from average samples selected by him.self : 
 
 Per ton of iOOO |M>uudi). 
 
 io 
 
 1. 
 
 Ku»t Vein Uatl 
 
 ng Company, gold, 
 
 
 . $128 84 
 
 
 2. 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 
 87 84 
 
 
 3. 
 
 II 
 
 <« 
 
 II 
 
 
 87 84 
 
 
 4. 
 
 II 
 
 It 
 
 II 
 
 
 76 68 
 
 
 6. 
 
 Middle Vein 
 
 II 
 
 ti 
 
 
 48 Ifi 
 
 
 G. 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 
 . 116 96 
 
 
 7. 
 
 West Vein 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 
 41 28 
 
 
 8. 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 « 
 
 , 
 
 120 40 
 
 
 9. 
 
 Sample from all of 
 
 foregoing, 
 
 . » 
 
 61 92 
 
8 
 
 (H)LI>-BEARISr; MLSPMKKr. VKINS OF MARMORA. 
 
 No. 10. GatlirK ^HHitb 41 28 
 
 "11. " five ■ere', 550 40 
 
 " 12. " " 595 12 
 
 «' 13. " *• ....... 37 M 
 
 " 14. Williams min<>, tailing)*, ... . 84 40 
 
 ••15 (iatlingCom|i«ny— Shiift, fm' jijoM, . . 440 32 
 •' IC. (iatlinjj r<iart<Hl rifely ori! iiinuliitmmled, . . 48 16 
 •' 17. (iatliiij; rich j.yriles, raw lri'«liHHnt, . . . I2iih 1)2 
 " 18. 1 pounJ a»era:je mittfrinl from tirst l»;»t by ii stir- 
 ring (amalgamatini;) procp^H, . . . 52 46 
 
 18.7 tons of ore Irom the several .shafts of tlie Gatling Company's 
 mines were then treated by the same parties, the proeess being 
 roasting and amalgamating ; the roasting was very imperfect, being 
 effected in a revolving«A'linderonly 3 feet dianieter and 12 feet long, 
 heatetl from the out.«ide. and with a strong draught of air forced 
 through it by a blower. The oonsecpieuce was, that the Hue-dust 
 contained much gold, and the roaste<l ore carried 6 per cent, of 
 uulphur. 
 
 The following were the a>.>ay.s of lots of from two to three tons 
 viich : 
 
 ' Ore. Tiillings. 
 
 No. 1, $30 '.»0 $30 30 
 
 "2, 41 20 6 67 
 
 "3, «6 23 6 87 
 
 "4, ... ... 41 20 6 87 
 
 •'5, 51 50 8 58 
 
 •• (J, 44 71 12 04 
 
 Average g<»ld in 1».7 tuns was ^85.46 per ton, counting gold at 
 $20 per ounce. 
 
 Gold actually save<l was $25.32 per ton, or 71 per cent, of assay 
 •value, while there was still in the bottoms in flue-dust returnable 
 for retreatment, obtainable gold that would have made the yield 
 $27.31 |)er ton, or 77 |Hrr t-ent. ; and the tailings were extremely 
 rich, and could easily have yieldeil on shaking tables or belts gold 
 enough to have made the actual yield $30 or $31 per ton. 
 
 Captain Thomas Couch, Mine Superintendent, in his examination 
 of these mines, in February, 1880, carefully sampled the several 
 mines, taking one and two ton .samples of the ore just as it came 
 from each of the shaft<$ and levels, without sorting. 
 
 The results were as follows: 
 
 Oold. Silver. 
 
 Tuttle shaft, 2 ton*. . . . . $26.46 pur ton. 1.28 ounces. 
 
 Deep shaft h'veh, I tons, . . 16.33 " .79 " 
 
 Middle vein, 2 twos, . . 32.66 " 1.58 '• 
 
 / 
 
 4 
 
GOIJWIKAHINC MISPH'KKI- VKINS OP MARMORA. 
 
 / 
 
 N. Iliiwk(?yi' Hliafl, . . . 
 
 S. Hiiwki\\ f bliul'l 
 
 Conei'ntrtttfH (Tuttlf cliafl i, 
 
 '• ( Levels <|c(«|i sliiift), 
 
 " (Middle veini, . 
 
 ti 
 
 7.85 |(,T ton. 
 7.44 " 
 
 l:{7.4H '• 
 
 ti.'i.iK) '• 
 
 107.4H •' 
 
 121»r.i " 
 
 .''M oiinuw. 
 
 .:m «• 
 6.(1.') '• 
 3.14 " 
 62<» '• 
 «.2u •' 
 
 AssHV-d \t\ VV. K (titr.ird, ."»4 IMmt Sln-et, New York. 
 
 4 
 
 Mr. R. II. Stretch, Mining Kiiirinccr, sampled tlic iniiieH l»y taking 
 one-ton lots of tlie ovv just as it cainc Croni the several shafts and 
 levels, without sorting, untl the result •>(' his a.s.say.s wiis iw follows: 
 
 I)c»'p sliiifl, liottotn, 
 
 N. level 
 
 S. level, .... 
 A shnft (3 >nniiiling.'»), . 
 Tuttle shuft, .... 
 AverHge after purtinsj; gold, 
 
 . $*2I.'>0 |ier ton. 
 (i.tJO '• 
 7.50 •• 
 
 ]"< U-2 '« 
 
 l.TOC, " 
 
 By far (he mo.«»t exhaustive tests (»f these ores were made under 
 my own direetiou. Having seeured a working bond tipou these 
 propertie.s, I carried on mining and milling operations with a force 
 of eighty or ninety men during nc^arly four months. During thi.s 
 time, seven shafts were worked upon and attained depths ()f from forty 
 to one hundrtKl and ten feet ; and two levels v»f forty feet each iu 
 length were driven. Three of the.se .shafts, namely, the Tuttle, the 
 A shall, the deep shafi, and two levels were tho.se upon which tlu; 
 mo.st work was })erformed, and it is to the ore from the.se that the 
 following remarks are confined. These openings prove a length 
 along the main vein of about .seven hundred feet, as may be seen by 
 reference to the accompanying map.s. 
 
 The ore extra(!ted, vnihoni any ftortiut/ irhatevrr, was taken to the 
 mill ; it wa.s then weighed an<l cruslu'd for the greater part in five- 
 ton lots, every twentieth shovelful as it canx; from the lilake crusher 
 being laid aside for a sample. The samples of five-ton lots were 
 crushed fine, quartered down as usual, and a.«sayed ; thus, (>n(^ 
 hundred and eight lots, nearly all representing five tons of ore, were 
 assayed separately, while fifty-one tons from the Tuttle shaft were 
 sampled iu the same ciireful mamier in one lot by Mr. Tluunatj 
 Macfarlane, of the Wyandotte Silver Smelting Company. The 
 assays of these several samples are given in the following table. It 
 will be noted that the richer five-ton lots were obtained by selecting 
 the heavier sulphurets from the remainder of the ore in the ore-house 
 
 \ 
 
10 
 
 OOLD-BKARINQ MISPICKEL VKINS OF MARMORA. 
 
 80 as to demonstrate the effect of rough hand-sorting ; the low assays 
 were therefore of secon<l-ela.s,s ore : the whole number of assays gives, 
 however, the iaverage yiehl of the ore just as it comes from the mine 
 without sorting. The higher a.ssay numbers (hist assays made) were, 
 in general, from ore mined nearest the surface, and which accord- 
 ingly was found at the centre of the dump. Nearly one-half the 
 dump was milled, and the last milled came from the centre of the 
 dump. 
 
 NoTK. — T lie proportions of gold aiul silver in the assuy buttons were obtuined 
 by parting 89 buttons in one oiieration. It was found the average was (38 per cent, 
 gold, 32 silver. The fllowing table gives only the gold, or 08 per i-enl. of the 
 weight of the button : 
 
 Hecord of AumyK of Canada Consolidultd Gold Mininij Conipany's Ore«, mostly from 
 the Galling Mine — 108 samples, mostly 5 tons each, representing a total of 515 tons 
 of 2000 pounds. 
 
 1 «33 04 
 
 2 14 (Mi 
 
 29 86 33 
 
 30 8 08 
 
 31 i". 31 
 
 ;J2 7 03 
 
 1 
 
 • 5«i $y H4 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 8'. 
 
 ,S6 
 
 ...810 90 
 
 o7 42 18 
 
 ... 11 07 
 ... 9 49 
 ... 7 38 
 
 4 9 M 
 
 5 IB U8 
 
 ' .58 28 12 
 
 ! .".9 27 IKi 
 
 tlO 14 76 
 
 6 43 91 
 
 7 15 11 
 
 i 8 U 60 
 
 9 10 ."»5 
 
 10 14 76 
 
 11 .s +1 
 
 ;0 3:! 74 
 
 87 
 
 ... 4 57 
 
 ;m 7 38 
 
 35 7 38 
 
 :{6 6 50 
 
 37 12 65 
 
 38 16 17 
 
 ■ 61 39 37 
 
 62 11 25 
 
 , t« 9 81 
 
 61 2;t 20 
 
 1 65 16 17 
 
 66 9 49 
 
 88 
 
 H9 
 
 \H) 
 
 91 
 
 92 
 
 93 
 
 iM 
 
 y,'i 
 
 ... 5 98 
 ... 32 34 
 ... 7 03 
 ... 7 73 
 ... 5 62 
 ... :« 04 
 ... ;J2 34 
 ... 15 47 
 
 12 U 60 
 
 3U i) 84 
 
 13 8 79 
 
 14 9 84 
 
 15 9 14 
 
 16 7 73 
 
 40 18 28 
 
 67 8 44 
 
 41 21 79 "X !•> il'> 
 
 42 14 76 
 
 43 7 03 
 
 69 10 72 
 
 70 10 90 
 
 i»0 
 
 97 
 
 98 
 
 !KI 
 
 KKI 
 
 1 101 
 
 102 
 
 103 
 
 104 
 
 1 ior> 
 
 100 
 
 107 
 
 1 108 
 
 : 109 
 
 1 
 
 ... 6 33 
 ... 9 49 
 ... 17 58 
 ... 17 58 
 ... 9 14 
 ... 5 45 
 ... 12 83 
 ... 13 36 
 ... 4 92 
 ... 15 11 
 ... 5 62 
 ... 28 12 
 ... 11 95 
 ... 7 03 
 
 17 11 2.5 
 
 18 16 17 1 
 
 1 44 10 W 
 
 i 4.5 7 73 
 
 71 6 33 
 
 72 5 27 
 
 19 n 06 
 
 20 7 38 
 
 21 11 2.-. 
 
 22 9 49 
 
 46 4 92 
 
 47 9 14 
 
 48 53 43 
 
 73 8 44 
 
 74 9 84 
 
 75 5 62 
 
 49 .■) 62 
 
 ' 70 7 :18 
 
 77 12 48 
 
 78 11 07 
 
 79 5 98 
 
 23 7 03 
 
 24 9 14 
 
 25 8 79 
 
 50 5 62 
 
 51 5 62 
 
 .52 17 .58 
 
 26 11 2.5 
 
 27 8 44 
 
 28 18 28 
 
 53 13 71 
 
 ' 80 7 03 
 
 • 81 10 90 
 
 82 8 26 
 
 54 18 98 
 
 .55 8 44 
 
 
 
 Avt'raKC 10«stiini>k 
 Ohi'ck a.ssays, by 1' 
 Avi-rage valiK' (Jul 
 Average samples, i 
 Average xamples, i 
 
 s,515 tonsCiatliUffoi 
 rof. Kiehanls, iif Bo 
 iiig i)re, Kast vein, ; 
 ggregaliiig 63 toii.s '1 
 iggregating 12 tons. 
 
 e, as.Mayed by .V. Tliie 
 «ilon, ami (tiffiinl, of 
 H.iKi (ler ton. 
 'utile shaft, East veil 
 Middle vein, *:tt).82. 
 
 S»13.37gold 
 New York, 
 
 I, «2-1.88. 
 
 per ton. 
 
 «14.73. 
 
 Allowing the proper proportion of ore-reserve to each of these 
 shafts, the average assay value of the ore in reserves I find to be 
 ;$18.65 in gold per ton. 
 
 From these most exhaustive tests, the average gold contents of 
 the ore were determined with great accuracy. 
 
 Perhaps the most interesting and certainly one of the most im- 
 portant and valuable facts developed was the very remarkable unifor- 
 mity of the gold yield of the ore. 
 
GOI.D-BEARING MI8PICKEL VEINS OF MARMORA. 
 
 11 
 
 'I 
 
 In only three instances — even of second-class ore after the richer 
 ore had been roughly picked out — was less than five dollars per ton 
 in gold found, and the hifj^licst assay of a five-ton lot was S53.4;} per 
 ton. Samples of a few hundred pounds have been fouu<l to run as 
 high as ^150 per ton, and hand samples very much higher; but 
 these were not considered as safe guides in valuing a mine, and 
 were therefore rejected as exceptional. 
 
 THE TREATMENT OF TllK (J()r,D-BEARIN(J MJ.SPICKEL. 
 
 When 1 first commenced testing these mines, about lifteen months 
 ago, I was met by a vast array of dlcfd concerning the difficulties to 
 be encountered in roasting, in amalgamating, or otherwise getting 
 the gold out of ai-senical sulphurets of iron. It is fair to add, how- 
 ever, that these difficulties were always rcporteil by persons who had 
 not themselves worked such ores, but had " iilways understood " they 
 existed. No satisfactory record of tests actually made with such 
 ores being on record, so far as I know, I determined to make history 
 myself; and though in some i)articulars we have still very much to 
 learn, the facts which we did establish may be of use to the proles- 
 sion, and I gladly communicate them. 
 
 As there could be no possible question about the facility of con- 
 centrating mispickol with a specific gravity of about 6 or GJ from 
 quartz and calc-spar, with a specific gravity of about 2h, we did not 
 consider it necessary to build concentrating works to test that j)oint; 
 and as there was no concentrator except a centre-discharge huddle 
 taking all the ore as it came from the battery (with fbrty-mesh 
 screens) without sizing, it was no matter of* surprise that at times 
 one-half of the gold was lost in this operation. That, however, 
 was not so much a consideration with us as to determine points upon 
 which knowledge was not obtainable. 
 
 The ores were sampled in the manner mentioned above before 
 going through the battery. After concentration, the concentrates 
 from some two or three hundred tons were roasted in a muffie fur- 
 nace, those from nearly 600 tons in a reverberatory, and those from 
 several hundred tons in a revolving cylinder. The results in all 
 cases showed that these arsenical sulphurets roast with the greatest 
 facility, and in much less time than simple pyrites, owing j)robably to 
 the fact that the arsenic is volatilized at a much lower heat than the 
 sulphur, and in escaping it leaves the ore in a measure [wrous, and 
 theiefore in suitable condition for oxidizing the sulphur. The con- 
 sumption of fuel was far greater in the reverberatory and muffie 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 I . i;^s^£lfc^s>^ u> -1>L-^'-. 
 
12 
 
 GOLD-BEARING MI8PICKEL VEINS OF MAKMORA. 
 
 furnaces than in the revolving cylinder, where indeed one cord a day 
 would roast ten tons of ore. 
 
 There was no comparison, either, in the costof labor in these different 
 systems (in the revolving cylinder it was about 50 cents per ton), 
 and our results give a very decided advantage t<) the automatic con- 
 tinuous cylinder in the uniformity of the roast. It was found that 
 ore which took one hour and three-quarters to pass througii the cyl- 
 inder was thoroughly roasted, so far, at least, as was necessary for 
 amalgamation. 
 
 The chief objection to the cylinder Wits in the amount of flue- 
 dust made, and that in a somewhat less degree is also the objection to 
 any hand-rabbled furnace. The arsenic fumes are very dense, and 
 when aided by a rapid current of air, they easily carry over dust and 
 gold. 
 
 The question is not at all one of roasting the ore, for arsenical sul- 
 phurets roast much more easily, more quickly, and sinter less than 
 simple sulphurets; but the important question — the only practical 
 difficulty found in the treatment of these ores — is that of preventing 
 a loss of extremely fine gohl, which is tnechanically carried over 
 with flue-dust and arsenic fumes. This cause of loss, though it will 
 probably always exist to a greater or less extent, does not appear by 
 any means insuperable; but our tests have thoroughly convinced us 
 that, both on the score of expense and loss in flue-dusl, no hand- 
 rabbled furnace is admissible. The automatic continuous revolving 
 furnace, known in the Western States as the White <Sl Howell fur- 
 nace, and in England as tlie Oxlaiid, is entirely satisfactory so far as 
 ex|»ense is concerned; but without s|»ecial precautions, it will make 
 too nmch flue-dust. By taking out most of the shelves, or leaving 
 only sufficient to turn over and not lift the ore (which when hot, 
 runs like quicksand), the greater part of the loss which we encoun- 
 tered would, no doubt, be avoided. There are other modifications in 
 the revolving cylinder vhich have suggested themselves ; but as 
 they have not been tried, they need not be mentione<l here. 
 
 In l*hiladel|)liia, a revolving hearth, with fixed rabbles, and with 
 a preheating furnace forming the flue from the revolving hearth, 
 has worked well, and undoubtediv made less dust than the cylinder. 
 
 Of course, some of the gold escaping is recovered by the retreat- 
 meut of the flue-dust; but there would still be a loss, which should, 
 and in a great measure undtmbtedly can, be avoided. 
 
 The roasted ore was found to amalgamate with the greatest pos- 
 sible fiicility, 80 and even b6 per cent, of the gold contained in the 
 
 1 
 
■^ 
 
 ■ 
 
 OOLD-BEAUIN(J MISIMCKKL VEINS OF MARMORA. 
 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 ' 
 
 roafted ore beiiiyc obtained in regular \v«)rk and with a very J»H<;ht 
 loss of morciiry. Tlicrc is no flonrinj; oi' the momiry, and the jjold 
 is bright and very readily amalgamated. 
 
 Some of the roasted ore was treated by ehlorination underpressure 
 (Mears's process), and practically nearly the full fire-iLssay was ob- 
 tained. Even including the loss in Hue-<Iust in roasting in th«> re- 
 volving hearth, an ore which assayed less than .^14 per ton i/icfdrtf, 
 net in ihe huUUm, 91 per ccnf. of the fin'-nnKai/ ; so that it is thought 
 that by care in roasting, from {).'} to 95 per cent, of the gold in the 
 concentrates can be regularly obtained. That the loss in concen- 
 trating will be very small, can be understood when it is considered 
 that the concentration will not be \uin\v close. It is pro|)oscd to 
 crush the ore in rock-breakers to from \ to 1 inch si/e, screen in re- 
 volving screens which will size into say \ to J inch and l to 1 inch, 
 which would then be jigged, the richer ore g<»ing to rolls, and thenci? 
 directly, to the roasting furnace without concentration, and the poorer 
 going to other rolls, where it is crushed, ami then Jigge*!. It is 
 thought that from \ to '^ of the sul|)hurets, and consequently of the 
 gold, will be obtained in the coarse jigging, and will suffer no loss ih 
 concentration. 
 
 The ])ractical working of these ores I hope to give in another 
 pa|)er at some future time, when the works now building shall have 
 given results on a large scale. The works for the Canada Consoli- 
 dated (lold JNIining Company arc inten<led to treat from 100 tons 
 to 125 tons a day. 
 
 Without going into the cost of mining and milling these or(!s, a 
 subject which I hope to give, with large practical results, at a later 
 day, I may say that a number of experts, taking from the books 
 the figures of cost of such work as has already been done at the 
 mines, have estimated at from ^3 to ^3.50 per ton of ore, as it comes 
 from the mines, the entire cost of mining and milling. This cost is 
 made up about as follows: 
 
 Mining, per ton of ore as mined, ^\ 75 
 
 Conreiitrating, .... 50 
 
 Iloiistint;, 
 
 Ciilorinating, 
 
 ContingcncicH, 
 
 20 = 60 cents per ton concentrates. 
 50 = $2 |>er ton roasted concent rale.s. 
 
 $3.50 per ton. 
 Labor is ptiid $\ to $1.25 per day ; wood, $1.26 per cord ; 
 
 V 
 
14 
 
 GOLD-BEARINO MISPICKEL VEINS OF MARMORA. 
 
 water-power will partly drive machinery. Supplies of all kinds 
 extremely abundant and cheap. 
 
 The ore carries as an average between $18 and $19 per ton in 
 gold, and assuming a net yiehl in bullion of only 80 per cent., the 
 net profit on the treatment of these ores is estimated at from $10 
 to $12 per ton. 
 
l^^j>\b>ii^'-^ 
 
 5^; 
 
 
 tefic; 
 
 It 
 ll 
 ll 
 
 3 a- 
 
 Ik 
 
 0' 
 
 1 A. Shaft 
 
 E. Vei 
 
 u£ T 
 
 VTs^ 
 
 
 
 lit 
 
 
 400' 
 
 Tuttlc Shaft 
 E. Vein 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 Ore» 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 v\ 
 
 f>. Proi.os«.l Level ProposecTl^vlelTv 
 • I No. 1 \ \ 
 
 ' Propost'il Level 
 No. -2 
 
 Siak 100 ft 1 inch 
 
 \\ 
 
 \ \ 
 
 I'ruiJDHutl Li'vel # i 
 
 I, 
 
 MAP OF 
 
 Catling and Adjacent iMines, 
 
 HASTINGS Co,, ONTARIO, ^c 
 , , CANADA. ,. ui^^^ 
 
 .'-.O 100 
 
 teoi 
 
 Mia. En.j. 
 
 J 
 
Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. 
 
I, iiH'f »tV( .. GouJ mill sitT^^lil I'larers 
 
 ^cv^ tHt 
 
 
 
 MAP OF 
 
 Catling and Adjacent Mines, 
 
 .HASTINGS Co,, ONTARIO, ^a, 
 , , . CANADA. „ ,oe*V^" 
 
 S..J, By U. 11 STIthTCH, 
 
 feet 
 
 A>.7.