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Tous aa autras axempiairas originaux sont filmte an commandant par la premiere page qui comporte une ampreinte d'impreaaion ou d'iiluatration at an terminant par la darniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboles suivants apparaitra sur la demiire image de cheque microfiche, salon la eaa: ie symbols —»• signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Lee cartes, planchea. tableeux. etc., peuvant dtre fiimte A dee taux de rMuction diff«rents. Loraque le document est trop grand pour dtre raproduit an un seul ciich«. 11 est fiimi i partir da I'angle sup4rinur gauche, de gauche i droita. at de haut an b«a, an pranant la nombre d'Images n^casa-jire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la mithoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■ 'm- «MP ^^-- ^*^- /^^ THE CLAIMS OK TIIH NOItTIIWUST KOU TllK Improvement of St. Mary's Riyer and Hay Lake ChauneL SPEECH or HON. CUSHMAN K. DAVIS, OF JMINNKSOTA, DKUVERBD IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, THURSDAY, JANUARY 9, 1890. Wash I ngton. 1890. \m %. SPEECH or nO]^. CUSIIxAlAN K. DAVIS. ^ The Senate hiivinK under ooiisiderntlon the bill (S 1631) maklno- ar,n,«r>,i-- Mr, DAVIS said: rMrv'?vvrVT" ^fi^'°i^^ S'"''''°* ''^*'»*'° *^« ^«"*tor from Ohio IMr 1 AV M,] presented to the Senate the potition of the Board of Tmdeol thecty of Cleveland upon a subject of the greateaSo?- tanre U, the pt^ople of the Northwest. It is a subject ^chal^^m- n,ed.atel.v concerns the interests of his own State and all the comma- nities, (iornestic and loreign, that have commeroial reUtions with th« reKinns wh-.se products lind an outlet at Lake Superior or a market iu the tern ory west ot that great inland sea. In a more remote bi^? scarcely les.s important degree, it involves the general welfare. It ia not merely of preseist importance. Great as that importance is, a wise consi(lei;ation ot a future that is very near vawtly increases it That suhject 18 the improvements at the fails of the St. Mary's River con- •SIS ing ol a new lock, and at the same time the deepening of the Har Lake C lannel. Tl.e prayer of the petition is that the tot^l amount re- quired lor thecompUtion of these indispensable avenues of traffic be at «m-e appropnated and placed at tl.e disposal of the War Department, to tile end that the work may be pro.^ecuted to completion within the slu)it..st lime possible^ Similar petitions have since been presented iJuhith ^'"'"'^*""' of Commerce of the city of St. Paul and the city of Tiiis matter has been favorably considered for several vears bymanv husnies.s inter.^ts, acting throus.). their various organizations, in all the ^lates houn.led by the Great Lakes. It was the occasion of a conven- tion o the most representative , liaracter, coiivenetiat the Sauit in 18H7 1 hat the necessity for the immediate completion of these great public vNorks is most urgent is the mature.! conviction of public sentiment in the communities whose interests are immediately involved in them ^ lliese petitions express their nnnnimous desire, their pressing need, and tersely demonsti-att! the just ice of their prayer. » . " It is my purpose to submit to the Semite, somewhat at lar.'e the views which are correctly entertained upon this subject by these great constituencies. ■' ^^^fe'cwb The distance from the city of New York to Duluth, at the head of Lake bnpenor, is 1,.10() miles, of wliieli 800 miles are deep-water navi- gation, by way of the (Jreat Lakes. The onlv outlet from Lake Su- perior IS the .St. Mary s River, which is 7,5 miles in length. The (all in this distance IS '20 feet and 4 inches, and of this 18 feet and 2 inches are at the falls. Thfe only channel now navigable is, for the first 35 les below that place, so tortuous that passage thio\i;^h it at night is I'or the renmiiuler of the ciistaufe to Liiko f >' miles heiow tliat place, so unsafe and is not attempted. Union the navijjation is j^ood. For more than two tiundrod years tliis avenue of water coinmuuie.i- tion has been in use by civilized man. The genius of Colbert, who in his lifetime advanced France from the stagnancy of seini-feudalisni t() predominimce in the greater portion of North America and to rivalry with England on the (M-ean, was operative throughout the vast region that stretches froBi Quel)ec to the Upper Mississippi Uiver, and the be- ginnings of tralVic were made along this route more than two centuries ago. In 1679 Daniel Greyaelon Duluth thus transported his merchan- dise from Quebec, and built a trading post near the site of the city which perpetuates his name. The day of batteaux and portages pa-ssed away, and the demands of the modern instrumentalities of commerce were a.ss.'rted by the* commencement by the Stiite of Michigan in 1H.">2 of the lirst lock at the Sault. This lock ha it hatl risen to t»f;5 tons, an increase of *204 tons in live years. But it wiks perceived as early as 1881 that the yearly tonnage would soon exceed the capacity of the lock, and accordingly Congress liy res- olution, adopted December 29, IHHL retjuested trom the War Depart- ment information '"as to what additional works weie necessary on the St. Mary's River, and at St. Marv's Falls, to complete the improve- ments thereof in a manner to .serve theinterestsof the commerce oft be northern lakes." In response to this resolution Cieneral Weitzel. then the engineer in charge, recommended the immediate coustructicm of another lock and the improvement ol the Jlay Lake Channel, and enforced that recommendation by most convincing arguments. The river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, having provided for be- ginning the work of enlarging the canal, appropriated $250,000 "for continuing the improvement by u nev/ lock and a|)proaches." In con- sequence of the passage of this act, the War Department approved a general project for the workof enlargement, based upon the attainment I I' 20 feet in depth of navigable water. This included the construction ■ I a new lock (upon the site of the original lock of 1855) 800 feet long 6 between the Rate^, 100 feet wide throuj;hoat. with 31 feet of water on the ,„,t.,r.s,llH overcoming; the dillVn.„..e of level (18 feet) wfth J single lilt, (■.mil„ne(l with the re(,uiHito deepeuiiiK of the caual. The r OIHMH/wf' """" '""" ^^""'- "'"' ''-^ '^^ Het\f A««UHt 11 iim, ■lil.ooo.ooowasappropriutedlor itafurtht "■■ er prosecution. The estimated cost o. the work is Kl.TlW.H.io. l>ed»,.tinK the sum ex,.ended ",p to t le pres,.n. t.mo the estimated a.noaut re.,«irea for the completion S this improvt inent is .'f!;{,7;!8.8()r). "W'^-i'"" "x nJui^f in'Provement of tiio Hay Lake Channel is a neceasary comple- n em to the construction of the new lock. This channel leaves tht p.csent navi^r;, ,|e channel about two and a half miles below the canal at'lhe" hot of s'r. '\^Tf\ ""',1 ■""••r"" *''*' l^''^''^"' uavigable channe ^L* 1, ''l!',^ '.^'.^J?''\"''- '^ a■• ■■•II K«^c mill iioufSMitv it wir',/i^'' /k '""■*' hctweenthe two lakes 1 1 miles out ol (uirThat L^aU":7„/!!!..^'.'ru':-^.".•_TT.^''' ."l".~0 ^et dr«,Kht, and willaf- cirr For Swo^kli^-S'fi"""'^'^;:"^ *" w,^opr^;;;fe;i";:;eq;;;si;e';^ tin^ th^srw,^ *s i lil" ws: '"' ^PP-^opri^'tions will be ne.essary to finish Forth.i lock For the Hay Lake ChiinneV.V.V."'.; i'JiJ??(^- 1,'>S4, Ih) Totiil „ ,, , ^ ,. 5,412.9«0 ior the last five years the annual rate of incrcivse in the number of ve^els and in the .juant ty an.i value of frei^iht conveyed through the lock demonstrates that before the present improvements can be com- pleted the lake commerce will be under the most pressins necessity lor their use. Phis u.s.sertiou is snsUiined bv the IbUowin.' table- Year. ^ No. vessi^ls ; iiiiM'-t'il through ! lock. Kroinlit toilIltlKC Vikliiiitioii. 1886 18S7 , 1888 1889 a , 380 3, 250, fi2S $,■«, 4 1 3, 472 7.421 t, r)i;7, 7'>'.» i till, (i,«),(»7l s.rvio r>,4!»»,(.4!i : 7>.i,():i 1,7.57 .>,4ii,i2;{ a, 579 j 7,510,022 82. I,'i' ••"""»^^"'l. '>"t for the f^nu r f ^a\". >•"',(>•'!• t.ms, convcyinfr, a.s has been seen, (i,4Il, l-.':{ tonsof at|tual (rei«ht. Theactual frci^-ht tonna-e t,.r 1S8<) wa.s7 r,l« 022 tons, am thi.s, as a basis of estimate, determines the registered vessel tonna-ie lor tliat year to be abo it (J.'JOO.Ooo tons result"^ ^mi^-'rative statement^ will illustrate the importanceofthe.se results. In 1888 the entries at and clearances from the port of New Orleans were, registered tons, entries, 721,1-28: registered tons clear- ances. 727,.VJ0; total, 1.44H,(i48. During the same year the reKisteri tonnage locked through the St. Marys (anal wius 6,41 1.4 2.i tons "'he SnT'ff 1^ expended six and one-half millions of dollars in deepen- ing the channel at the mouth of the Mississippi Kiver and into the Gulf. in this It did wisely. The error was, as here, that the work was delaved iT 6 too louR. The >jrwit mnu to wliose genius this country owes th«^ dcepen- iUK ol the outUa of th»! Alissivsippi Itiver wua lirst thwiirtod aixl then (lelityod yeur alter year. whiU- (•(.miuerce stood at anchor waiting lor th« piuaiinouiouH waatefuhusH oLstiuiyr legislation. Tlie work onw .lone a new era ol prosperity In-ijan in the Soutli. New Orleiius rc>,'jiine«l ii'er torniercoinnuMciul Kieatne.^. A railroad from the Paciili! run its earn a nn«side tlu- oieau ve.ssels. And then ev.-rv hod v deplored the fact that t le work had not l)et!n done yeuw before, as it easily nnjjht have ItH-en- for these years meant ho many years <»f the ariested ■development of fr'reat htiites, ol exUirtionute railroad rates, of low priee.s, and the slow settle- ment ol vast and fertile regions l)ctwei'U the .Missi.ssiopi River and th^ I aeiHc Ocean. Hnrely the .sumo considcratious are pre.sented in the Bituation under consideration, hut witii the added force of a greater tonnage, and therefore of a more impenitive necessity in that re- spect. Another comparison will show most impres-sively the relative im- portance ot the commor(!e of Laice Superior, which wholly depends npon the present lock, and which may be utterly prostrated, to the incalculable damage of jtreat iuUiests and comniun'itics by aciidcnt to the structure. The total registered tonnage euteretl and cleared in all the porta ol the United States irom and to foreign countries in 188H wiia ;n,()62,UU7 tons. In the same year the registered tonnage throu-'h this lock was (estimated) «.:.>00,(»00 tons, being al)out 20 per cent of the amount ol tho tonnage entered and cleared in that vejir from all Vro.P«"''f ."*" ^^^ ^ "^^'-'^^ '^*'"*'"^ •" its foreign commerce. Of this, U,^^0,Hl., tons entered ;md cle.»red at the port of New York— less than one half more than the tonr>age through tiiis lock during the .same year. Ihe merchandise that ini'^sed through the lock in IHSH was of grejiter value than that of either total exports or imports during that year at any port of the United States excepting New York City So far as American ahip-building is concerned, that of the Great Lakes wiis nearly equal in IHfW to that of the entire seaboard, and sur- passes It m avenge tonnage of v&sscls. In that vear 70H vejisels were built on our entire seaboanl, measuring 105,125 tons, while on the Great Lakes242 vessels were built, mciiauriug 101,103 tons. The ave- rage tonnage of these veasels as to the great lakes was 455 tons, while the average as to all v&ssels built on the sea-board was only 143 tons The number of vessels engaged in the commerce of the Great Lakes )fnf.^l> . ^^^^ '^''^^^- '^'*'''^ represent an investment of nearly $50 - OW ,000. ^one of these that draw over 16* feet can engage to their lull capacity in the enormous tralHc of Lake Superior. Were this a matter of corporate enterpri.se and investment, such as a railroad need- ing a new bridge at such a point, the work would have been done lonif since by private means. " Consider the commerce of a single city during the year 1889— the city of Duluth. Theshipmentsof iron ore from that point were 82 8t. Paul and Diiluth „ Northern PaciUo and branches ~'"" — ..— _ Diilutli and Irou UaiiKe ""'" " ~— — „ Duluth, Small Shore atMl AiVaiitio""Z " ~ n iacoQaiiii Central ~—— »__ ~....™...., Milwaukee, I ^kn Shore and Westerol"".""" Duluth and Winnlpoir " Duluth. Itcd WinBand >ioutheiuZ.Z^.'.\ZTZTZl"Z'Z"7!^ZZ~Z^^^ ~ ToUl _ This is but the statement of the commerce of a single city. Th it of Superior. A^land, ilonghton. Marquette, Ontonagon and other Jort^ ^^.^^^'^^^ ^.coi^pr^d the enormous output of the iron and ie; mines of Wisc-oasin and Michigiin. go.* to "make ap the vast aggSL expr^ by the statistics of the opei^tions of the'^canal ZdSk^^ mere can be no doubt that a case of unrency is presented bv the pr^ent 8ituatk,n Asearly as 1881, immeclTteiya Jr S^SJipl^t on 2L n ^T"* ''^■^' "^'i^'"^ ^^«'^^ ''^^'^y *■«'««»'' the necessity whch has now bec-ome immediate, and he then urged the commencement of the improvenients now under con.structiou. Opposition di^^ion and delay were interposed, and the work was norbegun ui^TsS' Five years have passed, and it is yet in its preliminary stages Tb^ lock now in use was built in the usual leisurely way. and ten yeara were consumed in completing it ' General Poe, who succeeded General Weitzel, most forcibly stated ^ !;"ap;XdThr • "Seiais!^ ''' ^^^' ''' °«^-^*^ "^ *»>« «^*-«- ro^aTe'f :-d^i;r!f utTr'S'^tZ^re^rr !,IX "^7.*^^^.^.: ^^""^^^ inl'jhi"""""' °C^'o*J.«*'' P»««*"IC the canal has Increased from 1.567 741 tona dur- •?« sffi . *^" °^1^^ ^ a.»74.557 tons in 1884. or in the three years an inwewe 5 MllM. 292 . 8,850 - 7,067 . 3.100 117 929 775 70 •a 16,495 I I I 8 Should till* r»te of Inoreaae rnntlniie. tfin prrMnt locknire Hyatfm will hn In- KiillliK-iit Inpiwin IlifioiiiiniTce Idiik brforc it rnii l>«. In the iinukI nourNeof •»• liroprlitlionn for river ami hurbiir liii|iriiveiiiuiiu, eiiliirirftil tu mert the irri'ator (loiniindN upon It. Kor llip rinn yi>«ni prere.llnBr IMS4 llin niiiinal IniTewm In the reKl«»..re* liie pntire cumnierw IhniUKh tho <'itnnl from IhTvI to IHlMt, tlin firm live yeorn thfoanal wan In oppralion, ami i-cl any ln|eri'«t In lht> roiitn by iakei Iwlweini our ({rt-al Nortb\v."4t and tho Htmboard It iirKenIn the utronnHNt way that the work of pn>pnrlnK to take <»r«of apom- iiieri'.' Kreator than the prr«pnt ciumi and Im-kaKP MyHt<>in could Mocom nindnte ■hall Ih' entered upon without dvliiy. The eHlimated capacity of the present lock is ninety-nix vetMeU in twenty-lour hours. In 1HH7 eiKhty-t'our ve.s8els were pissed in one day in .Tune, and in coinmenlini; upon this and other liicta little less im- pressive, (jeneral Pih3 remarked: Thil now we aro face to faro with tho fact that durinK the month or.7une, KMT, ahiiio. tho comnierie thruuKh tho catial amounteu to 50 p«>r oont. more than for a whole year an it exlmed at the tiiuo thu enlarifeiu.nt was proiotlo freight tons in 1889. The increase has been at tho rate of a little over 1,000,000 tons per annum since 1885, an rf- Qti«ntitjr. Oata. .do.. Iron, manufactiiredM .'„.'.". tonii ?*.»" - .".VbarrelH." V"l>l'er t.>M8.. I"^"""-," _ do... '•■""■P'K do... £',',""'"■'■ M feet.. Hilyer ore. tons.. MinldinK stone ^f, UnjIttHiiided frel({lit » !l!!!!!.do!." ToUl , 2,1(10,041 2,190,72.% IH, AW. .%}! J, «'.>«, (M8 .11)6, 240 4M,mfl 2I0.4.'M 28, iWO 2, 570, ,'517 14,841 2411,372 ;!.■' 541 345, KM A v«rnK« frelKlit ohiir){e perunit. to. 70 • m .0.']| .041 .m 1.80 .10 2.;» l.'.'H 1.30 2.80 1. 00 2. m .1. 00 Amount. 51, 473, (528. 70 .183, ,T7n. H7 «»0,872.20 70, 4(12. Oft 19,812.00 87, '.m. 20 .33, 6B1). Jrt fW.irxl.OO 3,2'.)0,'2«l.7« 1!»,2!R'.20 67.3,041.00 «.4.il.,'i0 fix, 7,->oHsll,ly to »ome e.xtent to co.np.lition on the part of the railways. ' In 1MS7 the rotoHinrc-ed for transport! jiir nierclinndise from Buffalo to Dnluth aveianed .id per cent, more than from Hnffalo to Chicairo the <| ..stances heinj: an bstan tial ly e.,u„ I. Tlie larger the vessel the less the reiitht charue is a Rencral rnle. Hut tlie largest ve.s.sels now npon llu" lakes can not enjiaRe in the Lake Snperior trade. Their draught is too Kieat to paas the lock when lo.vle.l to their lull capacitv Vet the incrcTsinK demand lor tonnau'e npon the (ireat Lakes has civen an ex- traordinary impulse t.) tlie building of iron and wooden ship.s In 18R7 there were under construction in the .ship-vard.s of the lakes sixteen steamers, to cost .H-,>Ol),00() each, and nineteen steamers to cost $i:r> 00(1 each, representing an investment in one vear of $.5, 67.-), 000 more than enough to hnish the lock and improve the Ifay Lake Channel. The average carrying capacity of this new tonnage is 2,100 tons. The new lock and improved channel will give increased capacity for the Lake f 1 ! il- 10 Snjjrlor trade by 4 feet of water additional, an increase of 3!? 1 per Its™lw nUlfJS'l'" l'"""* '°^'l«^°'*t« state of development. •11 u utilization has been practically reachefl and th»t ii,,,it wiU be surpassed lonj, before tl^e most strenuous 1 borba^^kfd ly ! ^ =??t{r^S^t SS^i^'^Tar^^"-'- ^ s^Si5?lrt;Se:^-,^-«-^^= s^^^ r«i.ai^®n' ''.'^^'iv^^^ t«"sof freight were transported over the Frie LTt'c.n'lr;! t4n 'Kn^^'^ '''''^' .reight^nnage thrJIlgh^h: thJS^S:^Srri='T:S£i^^x?;f''""'^- '' i intercourse between the E.»st and the WeLt Its nolf ..frfr "^ and commercial inliuenee is of more imporSce than il the wa S have ever been lought for the possession of tbg ^U-th ,t hitCt Suez Canal was IS l«i tons , v wl ili fh j -i »™r»l-'efor the Sto. M.,« Canal dlu?ng ?t A^ Jhl 'r^'' „rt'SS\T„''^^ M,™ Canal, an,l tl,i> number immaaed In 1889 rS,«9 ve»°I° rtLl2'?k "Tf '?" «»"»"■"««»" of oew maritlmi ront« Si, often and in,po«d upon India tL domi„Tor„f ^'^Ipe™ Se, '""'™' exJa'n'dTh^^^SKSotS^S.r'^t'rof'''-'^'!"^^^^^ the original thirteeS Sates or the SJi™*" "" » "«"■" '"«" <■""' c^r.\rrniZd°'.h?SaSs^. e'Se'sr„',rdT. "'"'r'™- r«pS:'er.:TtrXti2r'-^^ 11 per wenf VrmtToTt hi P f ""•''' ^5*' ^P*^^'' ^he loreea of the Union ever h,.,.n ■ 1 V^ ■ . : ^"^ substitute for the water wuvs has by then. Irom St r-u.fto t ^rnlf nf v, ""'""'P^'u^*'^^" " paralleled which run tlu-ou^h zon^. nf Urt f'PP'.^"' **'*^ Missouri Jiivers. of their former mLrftw. r*^^ P'oductions, will resuu.e ali however F^^t a,, fvl^, J^" '"■*'''^"' tendency of commeice is. of tile I'nit..,! vj* .♦ . ^""^"'er.iuon. 1 lie overland cotnnierce Knates t Tew f r^! .n ^""^^^''^.^ "^ t^e Southern Pacific, ^^ hich •ronTtSrn V ot%^ n '• V'^^/^^^^c^n beshortened to l,2u() mil.a North oak'^s^^t^m^th^X^^^^^^ '^'"''"^ °^" ^"^•'-^- KhoS7s."iTirvLST^^^ '^^^^^ '^y "^'^'^^ they tresustaiS. I acihc. It IS already in operation bevond Helena Monf Thpi tJL! square miles of territory and .{.OOO.OOO of inhS 'tanS t iVriei, i^ gram, herds, forests, and minerals. Its llelds arfnot one tenth oliu 12 pied. Its mines are as yet only in the preliminary stage of prodnctive- ne>w. 1 li(> instrumentalities <>l our present civilization are such that whereas Stites lormerly grew, tiiey now become such by an almost instantaneous process, as time is measured in the life of nations Under such processes thesp States have appeared. They have the right to their natural advantages, and among them all not one is greater than the right to use to its fullest extent this great northern water way to the ocean which J'rovidence in preparing this region lor man and his institutions extended nearly half wav across the continent Kilt these states are not alone concerned. The most vital interests ol Michigan and Wisconsin are involved. Omaha is nearer to Duluth than It is to Chicago, and the State of Nebraska is deeply interested in the enjoyment ot these natural advantages. The same is true of Wv- oming. IJy present lines of communication San Francisco is 100 milies nearer to Duluth than it is to Chicago. The construction of a railroad trom Ogden thro.igh Wyoming into South Dakota, there to connect with .onstructed railways that have their terminals at the Bay of Superior wi 1 shorten this distance to navigable water nearly three hundred miles, and create a tratHc competition to the Atlantic seaboard which under the present railroad arrangements can not exist. Railway con- straction now m progress will shorten the distance between Duluth and Pnget Sound to 1.800 miles, thus bringing that great haven within that distance ot the navigable waters that flow into the Atlantic Ocean This will place the city of New York within 10,500 miles of Canton By the Suez Canal it is now distant 20,500 miles and by the Cape of Crood Hope ^'i.SOOmiles, while I^jndon by the Suezroute'is IROOOmiles trom Canton. ' Were positions changed so that England in her determined attempt to engross the commerce of the world, stood in the place of the United State.s with such an element of power and commerce as this, not a dollar would be spared, not a subsidy would be wanting, not an hour would be wasted in developing it to its fullest capacity. This lock would havi> been built long ago. This channel would have been deepened 1 he Canadian canals would have been enlarged, and ocean vessels would now be plying between Liverpool and the head of Lake Superior 1 he advantages to be considered as accruing to us do not come en- tirely from theresourcesofourownterritory. Another railway stretches trom ocean to ocean across the Dominion of Canada. It wiis built by lavish subsidies, and it is sustained by a most liberal policy When we consider the geographical situation, the population and resources ol Canada, that railway deserves to be considered as one of the most in- trepid and beneliceiit works of that character ever constructed It trav- erses a region west of Winnipeg of great productivcnes.s, but it can not always hold the monopoly of the colonial traffic. I>ines of railway are now under construction from Duluth into its territory and far to the north beyond it. The NortI rn i'acilic and other riiilroads are also sending out their laterals into the north, beyond our own dominions All ihese have terminals on the iiay of Superior, and the tratfic of all thns self-governing, whose people are of tlie .same .stock, who speak the .same language, who are on the path of the .s.H.ne destiny, and who are di- vided by no natural barriers. Nothing is more certain than that these nation.s will m time coalesce politically. This union, if it is to he eflectedby peacelul mean.s, must be preceded by a Iraternal feelin.' caused by jnst and fair dealing by the strong republic vith its weaker yet energetic an.l high-spirited n.ighhor. The boundary line between them should be a mere mark on the map, subject to obliteration and not a garrisoned rampart with soldiers on either side. There should be reciprocal freedom of trallic. transportatioii, and intercourse These nations haye within the last thirty years grown apace with each other Minne.sofabecameaprosperoiiscoiiimonwealtli.andatonceanei.rhbor nSfj;H t'""'''"^,"^" '"^'^"*'"^'»- appealed equipped with all the forces of civilization. The settlement and political organization of Dakota ! Ih ■'M^ 14 Montana, and Wasliinfrton wore matched by tbecontcmporaneon-i polit- ical development ol tlie provinces of Assiiiniboiii, Saskatchewan, Al- berta, and Hritiah Colniubia. 'I he Northern I'acilic l^ailroad demon- strated the productiveness of that northern re<^io'.i. It reached the ■waters of i'nj;ct Smnid. Great cities arose npon those shorea. Fol- lowinn close npon this, and with the relation of effect to canse. the Canadian Government cansed to be constructed another railway across the continent, terniinatinu; npon the same waters, and cities likewise jrrose tiiere. We are constrncting a new lock at the falls of the St. Mary's K'iver. and in 1HH7 the sum of l{!l,(K)0,0O() was voted by the Canadian Parliament for Hie construction of a canal and lock along the eastern shore o! the same river. The Eiustern States have been benefited incalculably by the Western development of ])olitical in^titntion.s, civilization, an«l wealth. It has created an internal comnierne greater far than all our foreign trade. A .similar development is in pn»j;ress in the territory north of our own. That along the ;{,OliO miles of boundary which distinguishes but can not .separate the.se homoi^eneons peoples fortB should confront forta; that armies, great or small, should occupy the strategic points of either country; that armored ships should lie in wait, as they now do, for re- prisals and war: that hostile commercial legislation or hostile execu- tivt action should be the policy of either country; that either Govern- ment should waste thousands of dollars lor every dollar of petty and tran.si('nt a(lvantan of affairs m energy, re. Let us implacable ct that we I enterprise of the im- r the inter- of our own itlet to the joundaries, 3f our own > the outlet is no mere o hundred ; fifty-sixth , U> and in- 1)0 of acres, of cereals, ving to the nate as the ng this im- norniously jreof Hnd- ance more 15 ?ej;,requ2tSSti''i^f^^^ of about 400.000 square miles rinliTf ^'^^ '*' fibutaries a basin is as near to Li verpool by he' wav Jn »^' ''^' an excellent harbor. It nearer to Liverpool by SJ mi leTSMn itZT '',^^^* ^'""'^ ^'^y- I* « from the city of Winninee to I ivnrJ ^,?"'<'»J- As to the distance stautially the whole d^sKL^fril/r'!! *l'^ ^^'"^ « therefore sub- to 1,291 ^miles by t.''o?Lrke S™ ? Kr i'^^^^ '' '" «'i"«l cago. From Winnineu south t^Kh^' . ' 'P^ ™''^ ^y ^ay of Chi- Gretnai8 6»miles This^«f>,« . f 'n^^^ational boundary line at the great whSfSowT^ r gi?nst"[h« N^^f ''^°^ States and Canada ^ ''"' Northwest, both in the United ^Ai^?o7£ :"S be su5: !,^rt:;;r/ ^° «-/-r nation of wheat wheat produee.i*^"t the year 1864 Kud8on-8 Bav. Moose pSlonth^^* '^^ ^""^ ''^ ^^ips into visited -nnilly byTthip^lS^Te^X'S wSt'" ''"^^' ^ the yenr 177!). This oomm^r^. «;oo • J^' ''^^° *he exception of vessels, without the aicuTSnatrc^rr''^ on by means of sailing artificial harbor facilities W^,! t ^ "*' "^ "".v 'iKbt-honses o? west rout* by wr;';,"^, :^" P°[^^'<^ «ver the ea«t and mnals. 1 1 ought to be genero .bIt nnd «ni Canadian and American these great c<,,nmonweK„ o W to eaeh if)""""^"*^'"''- '* ^^^^ lenuth. Theopeningofaooll^rr^ntlVv, . *^'''■ '*^*'"« "'«''• ^^tire to i>ol,tic.al aiid^ommcnS Lui^Ty ^ill^^^^ '^•' ^«P"'«»e vo«tlory or retaliatory treatmeuTt.TnTif 1. • ''"'^'" '^"l*- «*" P™- lations with Canada "***'"^"^ '^^ "^ "^ tl"s great subject of our re- Jule ■«)," IhT ^° ^•''^^^^ "'"^'•'^■^ •" J'-^ ^«P-' ' the year ending if- .J ! lil might prove diHastrouH. The Itirmr put under contract and the more lap- wine, ftnd in ciiMe (he cofTer-daiu sh. u} the appropriatioM tlio more woik ii.ri uily It can be piiHhed forwiird. The urfrency Ibr tlie appropriation is that the capacity of the lock mm in use wi 1 be reacbt-.i uu,. passtni long before ^e new stnictSe tau he coinp eted oven under y. c most favorable circumstances. Any ':i^^''^l^V^!.r'!r!^^^^'''.l^y P^--t its use for an indefini^ time and entail most sorioui .^seiiuences to the greaV commeTci^ Jt iK^pon this single channel of communi- transactions that are dcpcudt cation. Mr. President, I niove the iv jrence of the biU and accompanvinis papers to the Committee on Co *merce. «~w'i"iKuijfujg ;:! The Ittrgcr 3 more lAf^ ' the lock structure :c8. Any indefinite mmercial iummuni- npan^ug