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THE COOK'S FRIEND Is tie Most Popular Batiiif Powfler in tlie DomiDm Buringr the Twenty Tears, and over, wMch it lias been before the Public, the demand for THE COOK'S FRIEND has been constantly on the increase. The extensive demand which the Cook's Friend has experienced arises partly from its very great usefulness in the kitchen, and the saving of time which it accomplishes by its employment in lightening Pan Cakes, Griddle Cakes, Biscuit, &c. ; for shortening and rendering more healthful all descriptions of Pie Crust and boiled paste, including Doughnuts. For shortening purposes a very little is required, and when used it effects a saving of three-fourths the usual Butter or Fat, at the same time rendering the food more digestible. A variety of makes of Baking Powder have from time to time been claimants for public favor, some of which, in the endeavor to undersell, have admitted into their composition material not altogether favorable to the human stomach,— it thus becomes important to know what brand is thoroughly reliable. THE COOK'S FRIEND Is guaranteed to be free from any deleterious ingredients, it is of Uniform Strength, and never disappoints. It is Pure, Healthy and BeUahle, and food prepared by its aid may be eaten by dyspeptics with ' advantage. Prepared and for sale to the Trade by the sole manufacturer and propri&tor of the Trade Mark, w^. i:). McLaren, 55 and 57 COIjLEGE STREET, MONTREAL. ND 00. mrMch lerienced le saving ing Pan ng more ticluding red, and I' or Fat, me been ndersell, avorable w what it is of 5/iy and Lcs with rer and EAL. mr )est P' iSON UNS. ■i RN land liter bser- •ants Tnr- and icult jv'ere ■'..c ve i out lary. r. S. L. H. We inch The htof aw ; I the and Jids. was SOUTHERN MANITOBA & TURT COAL MINES r ON ■'; THE SECOND CROSSING Of THE S-^-ftf SOURIS RIVER.- The Tr&a shewn upon the Map was the one used by Traders and Bufti Ta7/iS?a ^ ^f/**^^«^ ^y *^« Dominion Government as a Government Bead. RAILWAY, win certainly follow this Route. 50 SQUARE -T-'y.v.s- MILESi SPLe|m did TlfMBER ./J > •/• / A/ I , ^(11,1 lla.n. Jar. ] y /• yij y A A- j .1/ o , ' ->- T .1 /u\- A- y -" /t y A A -1/ O f'^\- y^\ y ^' .V /-A" y-A •A- /.".v.! r•^y.^•.l A /^ o f'.yyj.i y, y Z /.va- >BA & TURTLE MOUNTAIN COUNTRY. M^nnJ'Jl^J^ a^d Butfa/o Hufltew, sinoe a,dopted as the best route that could be found, novr r ft aovenunent Boad, The line ot the projected EMERSON AND TURTLE MOUNTAIN fcMKlAsoN ^\yiy Z /.%'/:, IG C iZ ac FOR ACTUAL SETTLERS. WINTER IN THE COUNTRY OF CLEAR DAYS AND BRIGHT SUNS. SLEEPING THROUGH A DLIZZARD ON THE PRAIRIE ! THREE WEEKS TRAVELLING IN WINTER THROUGH SOUTHERN MANITOBA. THE TURTLE MOUNTAIN COUNTRY. Expecting- a large immigration at Emorson from England and Canada, some of it through his own exertions, the writer was anxious to know, through personal experience and obser- vation, which were the best localities to which immigrants might be directed. Mir h had been said in praise of the Tur- tle Mountain District and countrv intervening between it and Emerson. He determined to see this country. It is a difficult thing to travel to the Turtle Mountains in winter, but we were anxious to know just what those difficulties were and to remove them as much as possible, as we intend to send emigrants out in March })efore the coulees and rivers are thawed out. "We start from Emerson on I^Ionday, the 5th of January. We are five in number; our party is as follows: — Mr. S. Austin, surveyor; Mr. Wm. Beach, land agent; Messrs. A. H. Poston and J. Boyd, farmers, and the Rev. L. 0. Armstrong. "We travel in a house 12 feet long by 7 feet wide, made out of 1-inch tongued and grooved boards, lined with felt paper inside. The studding, sills and rafters are 2-inch by 4-inch. The weight of the house was about 1000 lbs. All this lumber was too heavy ; 1-inch lum]>er and scantling 2 x 2-inch, and about half the quantity that we had, would have been quite sufficient, and would have reduced the weight of the house to 450 i)ounds. A house of this description can be built for about $20. It was an cxponin.'iil, the objoct of which vvns to provo (ha( Inmilies coiikl 1m. hrouolK „ut ill prrioct coinlort all Iho vv,.y, nnd Ihat uponthoir univul Ihoy would haw Ihi.s houso, wliich would answer thoiu throug-h Iho first suuimi'r. Wo shall now uso tho prosont tonso, as we want to take our readers along with us. Our house eontains two ship'n bods holding- thr(.e men each, and there is room Ibr lour more men to sleep on the floor. Wo had a little h'ussiau iron stove whi.h answered our purpose admirably both for eookino- and heatin-. The house makes quite a sensation movinjr throunh iho good town of Emerson. We rross the Red River on the icv, and, mounting the ferry hill, we find ourselves in the main street of the aspiring village of West Lynn(^ in parting from West Lynne, we receive "A good journey to vou !" from our <.-ood friend, Mr. Mathcvson, of the Hudson Bay post Here, in a light cutter and with a good horse, we move ahead of the house, having l)usiness to transact alon.o- the line. We dine in one of the quaint, })ad-smelling, thrifty Menonite houses. We try to give them a lecture on ventilation, but, being too pia<'tical in illustrating our idea, it does no immediate good, and we have to console ourselves by thinking that the good seed sown will bear fruit some time. After dinner we travel on, being ai xious to reach the Hon. Mr. Winram's house that night. In our desire to reach his house, we commit the unpardonable error ol travelling at night on the prairie. Our punishment for this is losing the trail, burying our horses in the snow several times, and spending several hours very miserably before we at ast reach the house. Mr. Winram is the local member of Par- liament^ He is an intelligent, broad-minded Englishman, who, although he uses his privilege as an Ennli«hman of grumblino- at the Government for the laws which "are ruining the country," is in reality a kindly, useful man, enjoying the con- fadence and respect of the community, by whom he was elected by acclamation as a representative. Anyone wishing to get reliable information about the country will find in him a trust- worthy man from whom to get it. We refresh the inner man with savoury venison and enliven I A t fjimilii's , Jind I hilt 2h would > take our ip's bods uoro niou vt' which I Ileal ini;'. llio good ice, iuid, . street of oni West our i>'()()d in a light 10 house, in one of V^e try to ictical in we have )wn will ; anxious In our bio error t for this ' seA'oral >re wo at r of Par- m, who, umbling ling the the con- ii elected ^ to get . a trust- enliven the spirit by intercours' villi our host. Next uiorning wo walk over somt; of the farms in this district, which is called the " Mountain." The scenery is very ])retty, and in placos quitt> grand. The .settlers have rai.setd good crops, and are in good spirits. Alxmt a niiie from Mr. Winram's we cro.ss the River LilFey, on whose banks live.^ a hai)i)y Irishman, .lohn Johnstojie })y name. We make jiis acrjuaintance, and iind him to be a much-travelUul man in this new country, having gone over the Turth; ^Mountain District very carefully a year ago. AVe secure him as a member of our company. Here we meet the poj)ular Church of England minister, Mr. Wilson. We assist him at a funeral of a voung bov who was a strang«n' in the settlement, having come to live with the family, wh',>re he died, cnly a few days before his death. We all admire th<» settlors for the kindno.ss shown him in his sickness and tlu decent funeral given him. He died from cold taken after measles. AVe are glad that no manner of epidemic has ever visited this country. We are struck here, as everywhere else in our journey, with the strangeness of the phenomenon that, even in the newest districts, we Iind society as quiet, orderly and honest as in any old-settled dist riot of Canada. To one who has travelled a good deal in new st^ttlements in the United States, the contrast is delightful indeed. After the funeral, from the height upon which we are standing, we see our house moving np from the Menoitite villages on the (lovernment trail. We wait for it, to appoint our next meeting place with its inmates at Mountain City. We drink tea that eviming at Mr. Stoddard's. The excell(»nt bread w^e had here elicited a well-deserved compliment to the fair bakeress ; in answer to which we were told that it is easier to make good linv'^d out of ordinary good Manitoba Hour than out of the best Ontario. From this Mr. Wilson drove us with two good horses through Mountain City (where we appoint a further meeting with the house at Pembina Crossing City) to NeLsonville, a flourishing village, and, by a happy mistake, to the wrong crossing of the Pembina. I call it a happy mistake because it was the means of making us enjoy the hospitality and good company of a kindred spirit in the person of Mr. McRae, the Presbyterian miGsionary for that district. We aye much delighted with all this country from leai-ng Emerson until we reach Pembina Crossing, on the Pembina River, seventy-iive miles from Emei.son "We have not crossed a single tract of bad comity. We feel that we are travelling in the richest agricultural country that we have ever set foot upon. The weather has !>een delightful dv.riug these three days. It seems to take less fuel to heat a house in Manitoba than in Quebec or Ontario. We slept in several very comfortable houses of a good size that were heated bv a small cookino- stove only. The same sized house in Quebec would have a box stove beside the cooking stove. We finally join our house and party at Adamson's stopping place, Pembina Crossing, and here bid adieu to Mr. Wilson, who has kindly driven us tnus far, and given us much useful information about the country. This Pembina Crossing is a beautiful place. The banks of this river are very hij^h and generally clothed with Avood. It has here a beautifuf valley of good land, through which it meanders cle . and deep. The traveller looks forward to reaching it both in summer and winter. It seems to be the most promising site for a railway crossing. The surveyed Grovernment trail runs through the village. There is a splendid chance here for any one to open a general store, blacksmith shop, grist and saw mill. It is expected that a church and school will be built during the coming year. It has a post office now^ Nature has marked county town upon it. A bri-^ge has beeri built by i^rivate parties ; but it is only :», temporary affair, and th'^ settlers in the vast and good country west of it, are clamorous for a good G-overnment bridge. As we w-ite, we hear that the Hon. Mr. Winram ha"^ obtained a 3 rant for building this bridge from Government. On Thursday, the 8th of January, we leave Pembina Crossing. It is a line, sunny, winter morning as we ascend the long, but pretty well gnuied hill on the left bank of the r\\or. We cast a long, lingering look behind at the fair scene. After reachinc- 1 ■ t < } 1 i ( £ i C I i 1 1 1 .5 mm f I s it i I the level prairie on the height, we travel over twenty-five miles of good country to Cypress, or Clearwater Creek. We are met by large sleigh-loads of jack-fish and pickerel, caught in Rock Lake and the other lakes in the neighbourhood. They are firm and sweet — very delicious to eat. At the crossing of the Cypress is fcaing laid out Clearwater Village. This too is a splendid site fcr a town. There is a good valley, a large and constant supply of clear and good water, and a mill site. Mr. McLaren i', now engaged in putting up a house for a stopping place. Here too is wanted immediately a good general store, post office, blacksmith shop, etc. There are around Clearwater Tillage 150 square miles of the best land in the world to sup- port these things, besides a great travelling public. The village is situated in the midst of the Paisley colony. This colony made an arrangement with Government that only actual settlers should take up the land in the four townships which were reserved for it, and, as a consequence, all the land has been taken up by actual settlers, who will be out in the spring. This, of itself, will make it a roost desirable locality. About here the Emerson and Turtle ^lountain Railway will cross the creek. There is no doubt that in the future the name will be changed from Clearwater Village to Clearwater City. Here we begin to realize what our difficulties are going to be. We have come to the last of the settlers, who tell us that we will probably reach the Turtle Mountains in the spring. We cross the valley of the Cypress, not without some hard work. The bed of the river has been drifted full of snow everywhere, except where the water runs unfrozen, in this the coldest winter that Manitoba has experienced for many years. We go at this snow with a will, using a shovel and five snow shoes, and soon have a road. The horses manifest a little repugnance at the idea of plunging into the water, but it is soon overcome, and, after a shorter digging episode, we surmount the west bank of the valley and reach Mr. Widmeyer's house. Here we enioY to the full Miss Widmever's nice G-erm.«jn cookiro" after our exertions, and in good coffee drown the idea of the trouble thai may be before us. We adopt as our motto nil 6 dcsperandum, and, shutting our ears to the warnings that are given us, determine that we shall accomplish the forty-six miles of untracked snow before us still, and bring at least our horses and sleighs through to Turtle Mountain. We feel that w^e must do so to break a trail for emigrants coming through in March, and to arrange for the establishing of stopping places on the route for emigrants. There are now settlers at Badger Creek, pnd a number at Turtle Mountain, who have been shut in all winter, and we know that if we break a trail they will keep it open. Next day (Saturday) we start for Badger Creek, sixteen miles west of Clearwater Village. It is a fine, mild mornino-, with south wind blowing. We have four horses on our house now, but the prairie is unburnt and the snow very deep in the long grass, and we begin to hint to one another that we shall have to leave it behind. A little later we speak openly of it, and finally, with sorrowing hearts, we do it. We have ridden through a severe storm in it without the least discomfort. We regret very much that it had not been made of lighter material as we could then have brought it through. And now we start to finish our journey without shelter of any kind. In about another hour we strike burnt prairie, and vv;- make very good time, as the snow does not lodge on it as it docs in the long grass. About three o'clock the wind changed to the north- west, and very suddenly began to blow a blizzard. The • clergyman went on snow-shoes, following the summer trail, which here and there could be seen where the prairie was bare, and wiiich generally where there was snow could be distinguished from the fact that no grass grows upon it. He found that he could not face the storm, and turning-, ran back to the sleighs to ad\ise retracing our road to our house, if possible. lie found the men preparing to do it before his arrival, lightening the sleighs of their load of pork and flour which we were bringing to supply the wants of any needy settlers we might meet. This done, \v^e turn and try to follow back the trail that we have ourselves made. We soon find that the horses cannot follow it, and we send a man ahead running to follow it, relieving him about every mile. "We manage to retrace .several miles in this way, but darkness overtakes us. We have lost the trail. The order is given to stop and camp before we are all fagged out. Blinded with the driving snow, with what energy we have left we make a shelter with"our two sleighs, and put blankets upon the horses under their harness, that they may not be blown away. We are six men, and have for bed-clothes three buflfaloes full of snow and three bed-quilts. We spread the quilts upon the grass, having as carefully as possible shovelled away the snow with our snow-shoes, and, getting close together, we lie down, with the buffalo robes as coverlids. We pass around a slice of frozen pork and a sea-biscuit to each man, have prayers and a hymn, and then spend half an hour in thinking. It is a chilly occupation'at first lying there, but soon a snow-drift covers us. Every half-hour at first we had a song all around, and a general squeezing to see that everyone was all right; but soon we begin to realize that w^e shall be warm, enough, and we drop to sleep. We j)ass a very good night, considering that it is about 25" b.'low zi'ro and the wind blowing 50 miles an hour perhaps. After the morning nap, we awaken to find ourselves in a profuse perspiration, our fur hats that we had pulled over our ears and our mittens wringing wet. Little streams of water were running down our necks. We are covered by a snow-drift two feet thick. We have some little dithculty in breaking through this. It is just daylight. We give three rousing cheers for daylight, and then survey the scene. It is a wreck, indeed. The poor horses are ferocious with the cold. They have nothhig but a thin blanket on. We find a zinc trunk that was near their heads chewed and torn into small pieces. Our teapot, cups and dishes are flattened and curled up and dented all over with their teeth. AVe finally let them loose, knowing that with their wondeiiul instinct they will go back to the stable at Cypress Creek direct. We follow them. The blizzard is over, but the weather is very cold. We trudge on disconsolately; our hats and mittens are frozen stiff, and worse, we are going back instead of going forward. 8 However, we feel that a day's rest and feed for the horses are necessary. We veritably enjoy a good, warm breakfast, having first taken the precaution to serve out a piece of dry bread to each man before the meal, lest he should eat too much. We gather in the few settlers in the neighbourhood in the afternoon, and hold a very pleasant little service. On Monday morning it is stormy, and our horses showing signs of service, we give them another day's rest. On Tuesday w^e start again for the Turtle Mountains, our classical motto being still Nil desperandum, which in Queen's English means — " Turtle Mountains or bust." HaAdng a good team of horses fresh and a trail half the way, we made Badger Creek early in the day. Here is another town site manufactured in Nature's workshop. A good valley, a constant supply of good w^ater and timber constitute the essentials, and in these last seventy miles these are to be found only at the Pembina, the Cypress and the Badger. Mr. Prest is now getting out the timber for a stopping place. As we arrived pretty early, we determined to go upon our journey as far as possible on the prairie on the other side. We had some little trouble getting up the w-est bank of the Badger, but we managed it, and travelled a few miles beyond before camping. It w^as a mild night, and we did not miss our house nor the two feet of snow that covered us on the blizzard night. We slept quite warmly. We start at daylight. We soon get into the new survey which we have come so far to see in order that we may know whereof we speak when advising our English friends where to locate. Fortunately the prairie from here is all burnt. The mild weather is taking away the snow from the higher prairie ; around each one of the surveyor's posts the earth that is dug up is loose and mellow ; and each half-mile we have the soil all ready dug up for us to judge of its quality. We could not have chosen a better time to see the country. From Range 16 to Kange 19, and during the following days to Range 22, we pass over a magnificent country, in which there is no waste land. Occasionally we find a gravelly or stony knoll, but the Di'ses are iiig first to each e gather )on, and showing Piiesday l1 motto neans — he way, another I valley, ;ute the e found ;r. Prest As we rney as id some but we imping, nor the it. We xet into ler that English here is rom the le earth ve have e could angel6 22, we ) waste but the 9 gravel and stone are all on the surface even then, and below it are two feet of splendid loam, with a rich clay subsoil below that. We can see every stone now much better than in summer, when they are hidden by long grass. These are pastures green to Mr. Beach, who takes out his book and takes down the numbers of all the best sections for the people who invest in land through him. It is a good thing, too, for these people. They are saved much hardship and expense, and in all probability get better land than they would choose for themselves. Towards night we find ourselves approaching Lariviere's trading post on Turtle Mountain. We have long since given up following the trail, as we know that l^ariviere's house is in Section 29, and we have the straightest possible road to it in following the new, bright and easily -read posts in Mr. Klotz's survey. We bless the surveyor for his good work, and about dark arrive in Section 29, but do not see any sign of a house. However, a few high-toned screeches elicit a response in the distance, and we finally reach the quaint old trading post, where we find shelter from the rain that is now falling, a good host and hostess, and plenty of good cheer. And now, to all the prophets of evil from Emerson to Cypress Creek, here we are, but spring is still a long way off. Next year the country will be full of settlers, and on a good, well-beaten trail the journey will be made from Emerson in three days, at a rate of ten miles an hour, and in four years we hope that it may be accomplished at the rate of forty miles an hour by the Emerson & Turtle Mountain Railway. Here at Lariviere's we eat the best and biggest potatoes that we have ever seen, and our horses are treated to as clear and full oats as they have ever revelled upon. We were shown very fine samples of w^heat, which yielded on Lariviere's farm twenty-five bushels of wheat to the arpent upon the sod the first year. We were fortunate enough here ^o meet the surveyors, who had just finished their survey. Tney told us (I attach certifi- ficate) that there are here 150 square miles of merchantable timber, the best water in the country in abundance in all direc- tions, and good soil everywhere. Wood, v/ater and soil — a 10 !? i settler's paradise. Every man can secure 320 acres of land and twenty acres of wood. There is enough for 5.000 settlers in this block alone. The next day is Sunday. There assembles a o^ood cono-reo-a- tion— Pr(^sbyterian, Roman (\xtholic, Methodist and EnoHsh Churchma^i, friendly fellow-travellers to the home beyond. As many of the congregation are French, the clergyman inflicts two sermons upon them, one in English and one in French ; it IS pretty hard upon men and women who are out of trainin me, is the difference between twenty and thirty bushels to the acre in the yield, and tliat being the case, what must be the difference when six grains are found in each cluster, or seventy-two grains altogether on each head ? I might illustrate, but time will not admit of it. It is a great central fact — ;. a subject of thought, and a fact that will be fully realized by the communication i3 that you are about to establish. I feel constrained in this to admit that tlie great wheat belt lies further north than the wheat line of successful growth, as formerly laid down on the map; that it is far north of the Mississipi valley, and in bringing tliat fact before you, I claim that the great corn belt comprises Iowa, Illinois I Mississipi, and other central States, i^c great wh''at-growing region being iindoHbtedly the Camidian .N'orf.h-ivesI ." i5 Taken from report in the Emerson InlernaUonal of January 22nd, 1880. I 14 DIRECTIONS FOR K'EACHINd MANITOBA. Go to tho nearest Emigration A.ir,>nt in the Old Country Jle will ohlam a iickot lor $54 (.€11 or less) for you by any line, whi.h will take you from Liverpool via Quebec in the summer time to Emerson, Mnnitoba. There the A-ent will g-ive you lull directions for reachin- the Turtle Mountains, if you wjint a tree grant of land. J^Jvery man there can s of heavy, stJiidino. timber, and an abundance of good spring' water. '^ If a man prefers to settle near Erne: ; on he can buy plenty 01 good J«»d at very moderate pri. es. and upon easy term.s where he will have both navigation and railwav carriao-e for his gram immediately. ' ' ° From l-]merson to the Turtle Mountains there is a .rood boA-ernment^road and plenty of good stop])ing places all along he line The lurtle Mountain is only a gentle rise. Over the whole of It you can drive in the lightest kind of carriage at a trot, except where it is wooded. There are a number of settlei-s there now who are very enthusiastic about the country, llieir markets are better than near the large cities, owin<>- to the large number ol settlers ever moving westward. Buildino- is ol course very much cheaper there than anywhere else in the ^or -west just^now, owing to the very large supply of wood, feettlers should buy oxen instead of horses, as they need not buy much, if any, grain for the oxen. Other pamphlets published by Government, and obtainable Irom every agent either in Canada or England, give full details as to what a settler needs and prices he ought to pay. Emerson has a great number of good stores and shops, where every thino- can be bought that a settler needs. Emerson prices are lower tHaii VV innipeg prices, because rents and freight are less. In my opinion the best and cheapest route is by a Canadian bteamship via the St. Lawrence in summer, and thence^ by the Grand Trunk Railway, and the great lakes to -Uuluth ; whence there is connection by rail to "Winnipeg. TT ^■V^ winter the route is from Liverpool via Portland or llalilax, and thence by Grand Trunk Railway to Detroit, from this point by the Michigan Central Railway, Detroit to ( 1iicao-o. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Taul, Chicago to°St. Paul St. Paul & Pacific Railway, St. Paul to Emerson, Man X)BA. >l(l Country. you by any .t>bec in the } Ag-ont will lountains, if ciui o-(>t 820 lillin^H) per 'y, standing l)uy plenty easy terms, carriage for e is a irood c'S all along rise. Over ' carriage at number of he country, wing to the Juildiiig is, else in the y of wood. 'f need not obtainable full details '. Emerson sverything i are lower less. I is by a imer, and t lakes to lipeg. ortland or troit, from Paul. I, Man. 16 EIGHT SOLID REASONS WHY A MAN SHOULD SET- TLE IN THE NOR'-WEST OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA RATHER THAN ANYWHERE ELSE. 1. Manitoba and the Nor'-west have a mu^h larger yield of wheat per acre. In proof oi which see Olfieial It.'turns and U. S. Consul Taylor's speech at Emerson, Man., Jan. 22nd, 1880. 2. Northern Minnesota and Dakota, which States alone pretend to be as good wheat-growing countries as the Dominion Nor'-west are subject to higher winds and coldm- than the Dominion. Proof— Government thermometers registered on Christmas eve, 59 ])elow zero at Pembina, Dakota, and only 4(; below at Winnipeg. The reason of this is that the British Nor'-west is in a basin, the height of land being in Minnesota and Dakota. Another reason is that the Rocky Mountains are much lower in British Territory than in American, allowino' the warm winds of jhe Pacilie to blow into the Territory. ° 3. British American wheat growers w^ill be able to send their wheat much cheaper to the European market thnn settlers m most parts of Minnesota and Dakota, owing to the fact that tide-water is many hundreds of miles-nearer Mani- toba than it is to those States. 4. We have the freest Government in the world, and the best constitution. The state of society is much more peace- able and orderly in the Dominion than in the Western or Nor. '-Western- States. We know nothing of revolvers or bowie-knives. In the town of Emerson of 1500 inhabitants we have not had during the past year a single grevious assault. Our Indians are loyal, friendly and honest. Life and property are absolutely safe. We have no lynch law • we need none. ' ' 5. In view of the probability of the confederation of the British Empire the chances are very strong that American wheat will be shut out of the British market-the market of the w^orld. Ours will enter free, we in return receiving British manufactures free. This would mean that wheat would be 16 worth at h'ast 2')('.. a biishol more to tlio British Ain)ricaii than to his cousin south of him. ♦I. Tho Dominion prairies have a hotter supply of hotter water. Anj^one can prove that hy looking at maps of the country, wlu^re he will see how our country is traversed in all directions hy rivers. 7. Our supply of timber is miuh larger, east and west, we have interminable forests, while the American timber supply is being fast exhausted. 8. The Amoricnn Government lands that are good are now nearly all settled. This absolutely ensures the coming of the great waives of emigration in the coming years to the Dominion bririffing' to us the astonishing prosperity which atteiuled the settling of the Western States. WINTER IN MANITOBA. The telegrams that appear in Eastern papers, and that are copied into Ii^nglish papers and most industriously used against the country })y the Americans, in regard to the great cold of the North-west, do us great injustice, and are to a great extent untrue. In the course of the winter we may have fifteen or twenty days when, at the coldest hour— the hour })efore dawn— the thermometer may fall to 40, 44, 46 and very rarely 50 below zero, but very likely the same day at noon the thermometer will rise to zero, which state of temperature, with a strong sun which always shines with us. and the stillness that always accompanies these cold snaps, gives us a delightful day. Then the dryness of the atmosphere makes an astonishii:.' diiarciice. 1 will illustrate this dillerence by comi)aring our cold with the cold in Halifax, N..S., and London, Englaiul. In the same cold snap about ( liristmastide a brother of mine was in London, who gives ine ;>u account of the cold there. He told me that it was <,o r-^w and penetrating that, exert himself as he would, he coiiia hardly keej) from shivering. He says he never suffered more in Canada than he did in London. .m»ric-iu than .l)l)ly of better : maps of the raverHod in all and wo.st, we imbor (supply good are now coming- of the tho Dominion al tended the 3, and that av<' y used against great cold of a great extent ive fifteen or •efore dawn — rely 50 below thermometer L a strong sun 1 that always al day. Then n('' d'lkivuce, cold with the he same cold s in London, He told me limself as he lie says he idon. IT I read an account of the same cold snap in Halifax, N.S., "which said that the thcrmom^'ter fell to 15^ below zero; that l)e()pl«( who started for church on that Sunday ev.'niiig had to turji back, some of them with frozen lingers, noses and ears The writer spent that cold ^ lap in Manitoba; ho drove his horse on Xmas eve some distance, when it was 50« bolow zero and on Xmas day drove six miles with a large pleasures imrty of ten or twelve sleighs. It was a few degrees warmer, but not a single person of the many who went got the least iVost- bitten , some of the party wore dressed in furs, but many had none. In fjicl their clothing was just the same as they would have worn in Halifiix. This was the eoldegt weather they had known iii Manitoba for many years. Winter is, perhaps, the pleasantest season. We have plenty of sun everywhere in C^anada, })ut the Nor'-west enjoys more sunshine than any i)art of the world I have seen or read of From July to F«'bruary we have, not had one whole day of rain and not a ureat many heavy showers. Yet we never suifer froni drought, on account of the cool nights in summer and the heavy dews. We have had only one heavy snowfall and at present we have not more than six or eight inches of snow on the ground. Our climate is fascinating.' The longer a man has lived in the country the fonder he is of it ; there is no country under the sun that he would exchange for it. A ^- ^- ^^'"^^^ Taylor, who is now getting to be an old man and who has spent some ten years in the country, has never worn furs ; he wears a felt hat, a cloth coat and gloves and the hearty greeting he gives his man/ friends on a winter morning (perhaps upon one of those 15 or 20 days) has not the slightest suspicion of a shiver about it. In fact, there are perhaps as many days in winter in the city of New York when ladies hnd it too cold to be out, as in the tow^n of Emerson or the city of Winnipeg, Man. Stock can live out all winter— and grow^ fat. I have been troubled by cows all v/inter around my stables and yard w^hose owners allow them to run loose, which, to a large extent pick up their own livii.-. and are invariably fat. I have also seen herds of ponies m the Turtle Mountains which had never been stabled picking up their living on the open prairies, who were latter than the well cared and fed, and not too hard worked horses we were driving. A-t-.in^ «'>i<-^ain, tatiic uu its vvuii as m many more southern countries where more rain falls. Manitoba is a o-ood stock-raising country. ^ 18 TESTIMONY IN FAVOR OF DOMINION WHEAT LANDS. {From American Paper — Philadelphia Press.) The greatest wheat-growing region in the world is now being opened to settle- ment. The largest and most productive portion lies within the IJridsh Provinee of Manitoba in North America. It is sufficiently prolific, when fairly cultivated, to make England independenl of the United States fcr bniadstuffs, and to create a powerful rivalry with us elsewhere. On both banks of the Red Kiver of the North, from its source to its entrance into !,ake Winnipeg, and on hoth sides of the inter- national boundary between Canada and the United States, exists this territory. Thence the fertile be.t, of which it is the western extremity, sweeps in a north- western direction some 300 miles along the course of the two Saskatchewan rivers and forward to the Rocky Mountains of the West, embracing an area, says a writer in the Nineteenth Century, of at least 200,000,000 acres, nearly the whole of which is to-day untouched prairie of the richest description. Sinie the construction of the Northern Pacific Railway has been resumed, this region has been made accessible by the trunk line and lateral roads to immigrants. Within a frw years the city of Winnipeg at the junction of the Red River and the Assiniboine, has sprung up from an Indian post oi the Hudson Bay Company to be a well-built town ot 8,0(H) inhabitants ; steamers have been introduced into the two rivers that unite at her wharves, and a continuous railway, 460 miles long, connects this Canadian city with St. Paul, the capital of Minnesota. In seven months, ending March 31, 1878, there were sold by the United States Government and the railways in Minnesofci und Northern Dakotah 2,550,000 acres for actual and immediate settlement. In Manitoba and the Saskatchewan district, across the Canadian boundary, 3,000,000 acres of wheat land were allotted last year to actual settlers in this Province alone. The settlers in the Red River region are of the most substantial character well-to-do farmers from the older States, from Iowa, Wisconsin, from Canada, and especially from the best parts of Ontario. They have been attracted to this remote part of the North-west by the peculiar advantages of its soil for wheat-growing. Thirty bushels to the acre is the average, while it often yields forty or fifty bushels. Thirty bushels to the acre of the first crop clears all outlay up to that time, returns the capital invested and leaves a first-rate fenced farm in a high state of cultivation for succeeding agricultural employment. " Where else," says the writer to whom we have referred, " is there a business that in twelve months repays all advances of its purchase and establishment, and leaves as a profit a money return and plant worth four times the original outlay ? It is this enormous profit that is bringing so many heavy capitalists into the ranks of this novel immigration, and inducing men who have already worked themselves into good position to abandon for a time the amenities of a settled life and embark once more in pioneer farming." A Mr. Dalyrmple, in 1877, had 8,000 acres under cultivation. They yielded him twenty- five bushels to the acre, or over 200,000. His total outlay for seed, cultivation, harvesting and threshing was under $10 per acre, leaving him a margin of $15, or $120,000 on his 8,000 acres. This was in Minnesota, but north of the Canadian line they get a much larger yield than this, and in twenty-seven miles along the Assini- boine River in 1877 over 400,000 bushels were harvested, that averaged considerably over thirty bushels to the aore. In the North-western Provinces of Canada, wheat often produces forty and fifty bushels to the acre, while in Southern Minnesota twenty bushels is the average crop, in Wisconsin only fourteen, in Pennsylvania and Ohio fifteen. In Prince Albert and otlier new settlements on the Saskatchewan forty bushels of spring wheat, averaging sixty-three pounds to the bushel, have been raised. In the southern latitudes the warm spring developes the juices of the plant too rapidly. They run into stalk and leaf, to the detriment of the seed. The extent of thi.". enormons .and v\rh T^.ritjgh torritnry is comparatively unknowa in the United States. It is estimated at 2,984,000 square miles, whilst the whole of the United States south of the international boundary contains 2,.y33,00Q square miles. ^?^ LT LANDS. poned to settle- ish Proviiu'e of y cultivated, to xnd to create a :r of the North, es of the inter- this territory, ps in a north- ichewari rivers, says a writer in which is to-day of the Northeru lie by the trunk )f Winnipeg, at I an Indian post :ants ; steamers id a continuous !, the capital of 1 by the United kotah 2,550,000 I Saskatchewan d were allotted iial character — m Canada, and I to this remote wheat-growing, ar fifty bushels, at time, returns e of cultivation writer to whom all advances of turn and plant that is bringing 1, and inducing adon for a time •ming." A Mr. id him twenty- ed, cultivation, irgin of $15, or 3 Canadian line ong the Assini- ed considerably Canada, wheat lern Minnesota nnsylvania and 3 Saskatchewan e bushel, have le juices of the the seed. The inknown in the B whole of the 9 square miles. 19 'Vhl S!r riJ^l"'^ Winnipeg throe liundred miles long, fifty to sixty miles wide -the future Black bea of Canada. At tliree of its four corners it receives the waters ,L?onl? "7'"' r ^'"",^'""'^ '^ '^ '^""dred smaller ones ; at the remaining north- er .Sl"".! / "f ^'T' ''m^'"'*''' Dardanelles of the system, conveys the atcunuilated waters of nearly a ni,ll,(,n sciuare miles into Hudson Bay. This Lake Winnipeg receives the drainage of the future wheat field of the world. The Monn^ir'i" *""/*' ^'^''''''■''' '^t'^ the lake eastward f-^m the Rocky rnQ9 An ^. ^I" }"''"' 'T T' " ^°"''"- «f 1'054 miles and by the other 1,092 One o the brancues has been navigated by steam over 1,000 miles, and kn fnZT lA%'Tn1'"^'''''''-- . '^''° *'^" ^Hskatchewans drain what is specially knm\ n a. the .'fertile belt,' contam.ng not less than 90,000,000 acres oi as fine wheat land as can l,e found in any country. Through their whole length they run through 'lOOOOm ;^ ^Th. nntJ' f '7A"-''''^''^ "-i^"'' '"^to Lake Winnipeg, is not less than ih?!h ^ I •'""^'* "f this magnificent watev system i. the iar^e river Nelson, which d scharges the surplus water of the lake int,> Hudson Bay. and which can be oo^TllTfYiV"' ''''r:r^^ ''''' ""^""""-^ '^""'* eighty miies nearer to Liver- Ci.l hrwfTv w-H- 'c" *^'' n'agnificent region of prairie, river and lake is ?. H^ nri w Vn I !'" hy-J;'-'"^-;'' '^^•^^•^■"I'^ted that 4,000,000 'acres of this fertile n n In K J .T m""^'/ "^^""''^ ^'"Itivation. This means an addition to the wl.eat VuiotV- T ""'f^^ of 100.000,000 bushels. The exports of all America to the Lniteci Kingdom from the 11th of September, 1877, to May 11th, 1878-the eight shipping months-was about 100,000,000 bushels. This amount, large as it is, is not Z'ntw ^vK fiVi^^H " w'"'"'!'^ '^' '■''''' 'r y'"''' *" ^« t"^ '^"«'^-l production o thus new M heat held of the Winnipeg wutei-shed. The influences of the opening up of this^new district cannot but have a most important elfect on the supply of the f lis?' ™?m' • •'; ";: " '"'^^ *'"' ™°*''^^- ^"""^'-^ ^'^^^^^ly independent onorei^ s.ipply It i.s evident that our superiority as a grain-growing country is likely to be seriously threatened by the rich prairie wheat lands in North-w°estern British America ASHDOWM & CO. HAVE THE LARGEST ESTABLISHMENT IN EMERSON Their's is a General Store where Farmers and new Settlers can buy their supplies at reasonable prices. LOOK ov:iL^ THE IR stock:. Emerson has a really good Drug Store, CARMEN'S A LARGE STOCK OF <57VI TIOHERY AND FANCY GOODS IS K i:; F X THERE. DOMINION STREST, EMERSON. 1 20. CARMAN & CO* ClieiTiist & Druggist, APOTHECARIES' HALL, EMERSOU, MA!T. DEALKRS IN DRUGS, AGRICULTURAL & GARDEN SEEDS, STATIONERY BOOKS, FANCY GOODS, &c., &c. Horse aiul Cattle illedicmes a Specialty. a^KY C^3x' MAN'S CIIOLKRA MIXTURE, CUSniTION POWDERS ANTI.CLIMATIC CONDITION POWDERS, PEPSINE WINe'; ESSENCE OF JAMAICA GINGER AND OTHER ESSENCES. B^ Immigrants supplied at Lowest Rates uud with first-elass articles MAIN STREET, EMEBSON, SIGN of the NTJAOK SETTLERS' £»UPFLiES: FLOUE, TEA, TOBACCO, BACON, SUGAU, SPICES CHEESE, COFFEE, DRIED FJRUITS FARM SEEDS, CROCKEIiY, WOODEN WARE, &c. Only first-class Goods kept iu stock, which they sell at very low prices for cash. '^^ i®" special Low Rates for Setllerts. "^^ JERRY ROBINSON'S GENERAL STORE, DOMINION STREET. A LAHGE STOCK OB' Bi-y Goods, Hoady-Mad© Glotiiia.g', BOOTS ^3SriD SHIOJBS AMD o i^ o c ii] R. I i,:! ji^ ALWAYS 01s HAND CHEAP FOR CASIL 21 EAU. .TIONERY, Halty, '.SSENCE OF irticlcs. ^Il4.Iyj,*> \^ K ' FRUITS, &c. ices for cash. BBKKBZHfl )RE, 3^itt.^, I W. J. SUFFEL, GENERAL MERCHANT, Oorner Coxxiiaion and "Wiaaipeg Streets, The Subscriber begs to announce to the people of Emerson and surrounding rountrv that he keeps on hand a first-class stock of all kinds of STAPLE AND PANCYifDRY GOODS, READY-MADE CLOTHING, BOOTS A-ND SHOES ^ND RTJBBIGR GOODS, Groceries, Crockery and Glassware, Lamps, Hardware, &c., &c., All sold at Lotvcst possible Prices. Give us a trial before purchasing elsewhere. W. J. SUFFEL. TVIM. BE 4.0H 4fe OO. Honse aixd Land A.ge7xt3, DOMINION STREET, NEAR ASHBOWN & CO.'S, KMIERSON, MAN. RAILWAY LANDS BOUGHT FOR ABSENT PARTIES HUNDHEDS OF FABMS FOE SALE AT ALL PEICES. (niide.s to the West furnished. Information cheerfully given E FAMILY _BUTCI-IEES. GOOD FAT YOUNG STOCK BOUGHT, AND CASH PAID POR THEM. Marketing Delivered. o WE KRRP NONE BUT THE BKST OF EVERYTHINCi WE SELL. STAND: MAIN STREET, EMERSOTd. 22 E. KIELL^ST Dealer in Beapers, Mowers, Horse Rates, Mm Ml, Plows, SPEIGHT & SON'S WAGGONS, GRIST AND SAAV-MILL MACHINERY, AGRICULTURAL STEAM ENGINES, THRESHING MACHINES, HORSE POWERS, IRON HARROWS, BUGGIES, CUTTERS, SLEIGHS, &c. EMERSON, WIJNNIPEG AND PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE. J. HEWSON, MAIN STREET, EMERSON. -o- a-oor) noK^sES s, Plows, JAL STEAM DWEES, HS,&c. PRAIRIE. Zk ^ per anywhere else Bi>- k SlUT, &c. t T s Yoi ■4 26 THE HUDSON BAY COMPANY NOW OFFER FOR SALE FARMING LANDS IN EVERY TOWNSHIP OP THE m MM lElf ILE BELT Among these are some of the very best Farms fronting on the Eed and Assiniboine Elvers. -0- TIIE PEICES EANGE FEOM AND UPWAEDS. Terms of Payment Very Easy, I You can get EED JIIVEE VALLEY LANDS and other of the very best Lands where you can enjoy Eailway, School and Church Privileffes. Before you buy elsewhere, look at some of these Lands. °^fi 4 OFFICES : MAIN STREET, WINNIPEG. WEST LYNNE. ST. FETEB STREET, MONTREAL. 0. J. BRYDGES, Land Commissioner i 26 The Best Ocean Steamship Line for Emigrants FROM THE OLD COUNTRY TO BRITISH AMERICA IS steamers Weekly from LIVERPOOL to QUEBEC in Summer, and PORTLAND in Winter. Agents Everywhere give Cheerfully the Information and Guidance that Emigrants need. Special arrangements made for sending Emigrants to the fertile wheat fields of SOTITHERJ^ MJLNITOBJL, F. P. ARMSTRONG, Messrs. D. TORRANCE & Co., Agent, Agents^ Montreal. EMEMSO^, Man, GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA. Til[ QUICKEST UHMSTHOUTE TO MMOBt EveryJAccommodation is offered Settlers travelling by the Grand Trunk Railway. DO NOT BE LED OUT OF YOUR MOST DIRECT ROUTE. -o- Apply for full information to Steamship Agents at Liverpool, and at Office of Grand Trunk Eailway, 21 Old Bond Street, London, E.G. JOSEPH HICKSON, Gen. Man. G. T. Railway. <&• 21 grants Ilf 00. Summer, md Guidance s fertile !ONG, Agent, ISOJH, Man, .WAY HANIIOBt ingby DT ROUTE. iiverpool, and iondon, E.G. ^SON, . T. Railway. CiI41i P4fll O01MIY (LIMITED,) (LATE ANGUS, LOGAN & CO.) ManafactarerH of ENVELOPE PAPERS AND ENVELOPES. Manilla, Brown, Grey and Straw Wrapping Papers, Roofing, Pelt manuiii, ^ u ^,^^^^ •'paper, Strawboard and Paper Bags, Card and Card Board, Blank Books. Importers of every Description of Fine Writing and Jobbing Papers, and General Stationery. Mills at Windsor Mills, and Sherbrooke^ F. Q. 374, 376, 378 ST. PAUL ST., MONTREAL. Branch House: 11 PBONT STREET, TORONTO. -WILLIAM EVANS, Seedsman to the Conncil of Agriculture for the Province of aueheo, IMPORTER AND (iHOWKR OP Field, Garden and Flower Seeds. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. WAREHOUSES : Nos. 89, 91 and 93 McGILL STREET, ^00 and 108 Foundling Street, and over St. Ann's Market. m:oivxrea.l. .ogues on application. Packages forwarded by mail. JOHN SGHUIiiTZ^ OFFICE : o05 JlJLJJSr STREET, ^VIN^IFEa, DEALER IN he:^!^ estate. In various parts of Manitoba for sale. Town Lots in Winnipeg, Selkirk and Portage la Prairie. Buildings in \Vinnipeg and Selkirk to rent. S8 GOVEENMENT OF CANADA Post Office Savings Bank. \ TT'^^J^^ hundred Post Office Savings Banks in Ontario and guebec are open daily for the receipt and repayment of deposits during the ordinary hours of Post Office business. cu^;"T'^^'^ ^}.^^.^^ security of the Dominion is given by the htatute for all deposits made. 3.— Any person may have a deposit account, and may deposit yearly any number of dollars, from $1 up to $300 or more with the permission of the Postmaster General. 4-— Deposits may be made by married women, and deposits so made, or made by women who shall afterwards marry will be repaid to any such woman. ' 5.— As respects children under ten years of age, money may be deposited : — "' o ' j j Firstly.— By a parent or friend as Trustee for the child, in which case the deposits can be withdrawn by the Trustee until the child shall attain the age of ten years, after which time repayment will be made only on the joint receiiits of both Trustee and child. Secondly.— In the child's own name— and, if so deposited, re- payment will not be made until the child shall attain the affe ot ten years. ° 6.— A depositor in any of the HaAdngs Bank Post Offices may continue his deposits at any other of such Offices, without notice or change of Pass Book, and can withdraw money at that Savings Bank Office which is most covenient to him For instance, if he makes his first deposit at the Savings Bank at (obourg, he may make further deposits at, or withdraw his money through, the Post Office Bank at Collingwood or 1ffeHlt for Catifi^s "ITALIAN WAREHOUSE." aEHMAIXT & CO. dj;alers in ^mm$, ^mhm% ^ohtm. ijliit^^, SPIRITS AND CIGARS. Agrents for Thomas' Winnipeg Brewery. HIGHEST PRICE paid for all kinds of COUNTRY PRODUCE. Opposite Anglo-American Hotel, \ EMERSON, MAN. ^IC \o'm liiTsu'^ FEED & SALE STABLES, PARK STREET, EMERSON. 00 TO SETTLERS. Transportation to PEMBINA or TUETLE MOUNTAINS at reduced rates. OFFICE-MAIN STREET, EMERSON. T£RROT & TENNANT, Proprietors. FOSTER (£ CO. Harness & Saddlery. We can sell any kind of Harness as cheap as in Ontario. , m- COMB AND GET YOUR COLLARS MADE TO FIT. -®i Ox Harness, Double & Single, and Carriage Harnesses. SADDLES— ENGLISH AND MEXICAN. We intend to work busily, and have a largo stock on hand. TRUNKS & VALISES AND ALL MANNER OP LEATHER WOLii. Orders carefully filled. fO 2 ■2-^ iJi' l\ H ^^ •