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ym>yn.<i'ii':a://>.\iKiM-i(Mi:<LMM;KFon< » lan'nciN o///n\\\ lou.// (Afi : ((>oKs\<>vA(;i:y 
 
 Beii.g ' 
 
 ■Ihe 
 ffvcul 
 Shfi , 
 
 ^AnUK 
 
 
 ^ 1 
 
oyages Round the vv or.^, 
 
 Undertaken and Performed by ROYAL AUTHORITY. 
 
 Containing a New, Authentic, Kntertaining, Instrictivf, Fili., and ('oMPLETe Historical ACCOUNT of 
 
 Captain C O O K's 
 
 Firft, SecondjThird and Laft 
 
 VOYAGE 
 
 s 
 
 &c. 
 
 Difcovcries in the \orthcra 
 its Dinancc from AGa: and 
 
 Undertaken by Order of his PRESENT MAJESTY, 
 
 FOR M A K I \' G 
 
 NEW DISCOVERIES in GEOGRAPHY, NAVIGATION, ASTRONOMY, 
 
 ill the S o u T 11 £ K N and N o R t ii k r n H e m i s p ii f. r f. s, &c. &c. 6cc. 
 
 AND SUCCESSIVELY PKRKORMKD 
 
 In i1k> Years 17^^, ijCn), 1770, 1771— 1772, 177^ 1771. 1775— I77r». 1777. IJJ^. '779- »78o. 
 
 His Fi r !. r \'oy M.r — bfin;; profilFcdly utidertakrn in his Miijcfly's Ship the EndfinMr, for obferv'ing the Tranfit of Venus, 
 and for making Dilcovctirx in tiir Suuthrrn ncmifpherc, And round thf V\'orld. 
 
 His SitoN D — in the Rffiluliw and AJvtnlurf, for m.iking further [Jifcovirie^ towards the South Pole, and round the World. 
 
 His i'liiHO and L\sr — \n the Rr/ulul ton »nA Difioien, to tlic P.icitir Ok.hi. for nnking 
 Hemirphcrc. and to dtlctnnne the I'ofition and Extent of the Well Side of North Aineiica; 
 the Piadlirability of a Northern PalTagc to Europe. 
 
 Comprchfiiiliiig, amot.g the greatcft Variety of the mi>ft inrercfting TrJiifjc'^uiris a f.iitliful Account of all the Particular! relative to tlie iin- 
 foitunale l>raih i>( Cupf. C<x'lt, witli his Life, &c. &c. Including likrjvilc all th? curmtis Remarks coinmimicated ta this Country by 
 Capt. C<*)k\ principal Alliilants lu performinj; and cimdiiAing thefe celebrated \ nvage*. nz. Sir Jofeph Bank'. Dr. Solandcr, Dr. King, 
 Dr. Hawkelw.irth, Dt. Forftcr. Mr. ForOcr, Capt. Clcrke, C apt. Gore, Mr. hllis, &( . A.c. 
 
 Together with a Na-rative of Capt. Fiirneaiix's Proccetlino* in the Adventure diirinjj tlie Separation of the Ships in the Second Voyage, during 
 swhich Period fcvcral ojhis People were dcitroycd by the Natives of Qiiern Clurloitc's .Sound. 
 
 T O W H I C H W I I, I. B 1; A D D E D, " 
 
 t:>mplele and Gcniine Narratives of mher Voyages of Dfcovery Round the World, &c. undertaken, performed, and written by EnglifJi 
 Circum-NavigatorJ, Al. under ilie Sanftion ol' Ciovtrnment, viz. thofeuf Lord Byrun, C.ipt. VVallis, Capt. Carteret, Lord .Miu.i.kav f, 
 Lord Anson, Mr. Parkinson, Capt. Li'Twidos, .MelF. Ives, Midolhun, smuh, .Mixike, \c.\c. iVc. Incltiding a laiiliful Relation 
 ut the Siibltanre of alfthc mod leinarkabic and important 'I'ravtis and Journeys, wlii.h have been undertaken .u varn^us Vimn to the ditFerent 
 ^Jiiaitcrsol the Worldy particiilaily thofe of HanWav, Hamilton, I ^RBmr, Uk; m.miish. Pocoik, Shaw, Sri art. Kalm, Carvkk, 
 
 DALRTSirLt, BuRNtr, A0I>ISON, BARRttll, KkYliLEK, THICKNtkS, 'i\v|!iS, BKVUONt, ClJ AN DL I. R, J UH.NSON, S.MOLUT, MoORt, 
 WCAXALL, tir. \ 
 
 The Wiioi.K c<|inprehcnding a full ACCOUNT, from the EAR I.I EST PERIOD to the PRESENT TIME, 
 Of whatever i.« curioun, tntertaining, and ufcful, both by Sea and Land, >n the various Countries of the known World, faithfully extracled t'rotn 
 
 •he original Joiiriiali of tlie relucclive \'oyaect!., iVc. tie. t<c. 
 Being thcninft a<cur»t«| elegant, ind perfert Edition, of tlw Whole of Capt. C(X)K.'s Voyaces and Discoveries, tie. ever publifhcd, and 
 j written in a more picaling and elegant .Stilc than any oilier Work uf the Kind. 
 
 Illultraled with (belidjs the curiiHij and intercfliiig Cuts for Capt. COt^K's FmsT and Secono Voyages, tie. tic. &c.) all the elegant, 
 fplfn«lid, »ihI line La«<» Kniio CoprsR Plates belonging to his 'I'hird and Last Voyage, being Views of Places, Portraits of I^erfons, 
 mid hiltorlcal R<prrlcii>tiotis of remarkable (nridents duiiiiK ihis celcbraic<f Navioatoh's Voyage to the Pacific Ocean ;' togethei 
 with all the nei.tll.irv Ntp'. Charfv, Plan?, Draughts, &c. ilicwing the Tracks ol the Shins, and relative to Countries now firH difcovered, nt 
 luiheito but impffici'tlvknwwn i tlie \A'hiilc (amounting to upwards of One Hl'nijrei) and Fifty Copper-Plates, containing about Two 
 HiNUKlu and Twr.siY moft Elegant and Superb Lnc«avincsJ hnely engraved and accurately copied from the Originals by the molt 
 cmiiKnt Maiicrs. 
 
 I |t ^nprt !'> •bl'trw, ltl»( ^ 
 
 •drtiff Idiiiye* ollheU W«rki 'unMfriUtuy tilPn^4 (o mdny Urge Vol'jmtt, hy toolc Pfinttiif, bUnk Paper, and other Arlificfi pra^ifed by mercenary Pe^. 
 lormuwi Sum «t gp *ai Jt o« Twenty tjumcai i To itiat many Th«uf*D4a ul Pertoni *ho wouU wtih toMrufe lh« valuable DiUovcriei fo pantallf Loramunicatra 
 
 It 
 
 M (be WorlJ, Mii view ihe a(»^iihin( li»; CoppiT llalti. htnrhilKeno been iicluile4 Iroin iiatifyiii; ibtir etftt Cuiiotilyi but 
 NuMi t a t. 
 
 nty I 
 ilnr 
 
 toMruM 
 THia 
 
 CDirloN, by beinf publilhed in only Eir,i< 
 
 wntn coirplclcd, r>ther Os a m I'wti very Lat;e Hanaiumc Volumei in Mu^ enjbtea every PerCcn, whatever may be hi< Cutumllancei, to beti.me 
 latuiluiiv fte^aif>t«<* with ihul aua«rtlinary tn4 !mp<>rtjni Voya^a aftj IKfiovtiica, m the Perfoiman.e antl l^uierulioi) ot which fukh vaR Sunu of the Public Money hive been eipeniieiJ. 
 Tt.-re aea ai tha Price •! THi Woan i» icnjete«l f,' mMrrate anJ eafj, the whoi. a oT Capt. COOK'i VOY,\(»ES ST.-. will be moie univerfally rraJ, and the obvtout Intention ol' the 
 n<l G.IV I a nMlitT, I M the lmpe««cmcniv att4 UtIbMcnu in thdc ceUSratca Vojtgtt mi(ht be comtnuntcatcil to the whole Wurld, will of Courle be more tully anfwercd. 
 
 5 
 
 'ihe Whole of thefe y>VA<;Ex of Cspt. J.AMES CtX)K, *£c. being Newly written by ihe Editors from the Ai'The.ntic Journals of 
 fevcrai Principal Orrtt e«s and other Obntlemen of the moK dillinguMhed Xnvt and Philofofkiial Abitiiits, \\\)o faUt,/ in jhe X'ariiui 
 Shfi , and Now Piihliflng under the immediate DircAioii uf 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAM ANDERSON, Esq. 
 
 ^AnUlcd, \ t;ry mat|rially, by a P it 1 n c i p a i. O f r i c e R who (iiilcd in the RESOLUTION SLOOP, 
 
 And hy many other Gentlemen of iHe Royai Navy. 
 
 LONDON: 
 P^ntd for ALEX. HOGG, at tbeOrigitMl Kinu'sArsis, No. 16, Pater-NofierRow. 
 
f?A?<6 
 
 420 
 
 Ac 
 
 \: 
 
 fe4^^ 
 
The P R E F A C E. 
 
 4' 
 
 HE great Utility ami vrrv intercding Nalurt of the important Fi«»t, Sjicdno, and Third VOY- 
 AGES and DISCOVKKIES of the late C.ipt. Cook, arc acknowledged by ill Ranki of People; con- 
 fequcntly it might be deemed impertinent here to attempt any Encomiums On the arduoul bnt cxat't KefeArchcs 
 of thia emment and valuable Navigator, in which Difcoveries have been made far greater thati thofe of all the 
 Other Navigator* in the World, from the Expedition of Columbus to the piefcnt t'imr. Capt. Cook is iin- 
 quedionably allowed to have been the ablell and mod renowned Circumnavigator this dr any other Couiuiy 
 has produced, and every enlightened Nation mull deplore his being unfortunately killed by the Savages of 
 the {(land Owhyhce on the 14th of February 1779, when prol'ecuting his Last Vovacm. round the Globe. 
 
 This great Man polfeircd, in an eminent Decree, all the Qualification! requifite for his profcirion and great 
 Undertakings. He was cool and deliberate in judging ; fagacious in determining ; atlive iii executing ; (trady 
 and perl'rvering in Enteiprixes; vigilant, with unremitting Caution; unfubduud by Labour, Difliculties, 
 and Difappomtments ; fertile in Expedients; never wanting Prelenrr of Mind; always polFetring himfelf of the 
 full Ule of a found Undcrftanding ; mild, jufl, but exa£t in Difcipline. His Knowledge, his l.xptricnct, and 
 his Sagacity, rendered him fo iniircly Mailer of his lubjeil, that the grcatcd Obllarles were fiirmounlcd, and 
 
 the mod dangeroua Navigations became eaiy, and almol\ fafe, under his Uire£liun. He explored the Southern 
 Hrmifpherc, &c. to a much higher latitude than had ever been reached, and with fewer Accidentr. tlian fre- 
 quently befall thofe who navigate the (!oads of Great Britain, liy his Attention to the Welfare of liis .^iiip's 
 Company, he difcovcred and introduced a Syftem for the I'refervatioa of the Health of Scanirn in hmg 
 N'oyages, which has proved wonderfully eflicacious : for in his .Shconu \'(>ya<;k roiiiid the World. Hhitli 
 
 continued upwards of Three years, he lod only one .Man by Didemper, of One Hundred and Eighteen I'cilunj, 
 of whom his Company confided. 
 
 The Death of this Valuable Man was a Loft to Mankind in general; and particularly to tic deplored by 
 every Nation that refpcQs ufeful Arcomplifhmentii, and honours Science. It is tlill more to be deplored by 
 this Country, which may judly boad of having prmluced a Man hitherto uncaualied for nautical Tal( ctj ; ind 
 ihat Sorrow is faithcr aggravated by the Keflcdion, that his Country was deprived of ihir. otiiainrnt by the 
 Enmity of a People, from whom, indeed, it might have been dreaded, but from whom it was nut Icicivcd: 
 for, Capt. Cook irrqucntly interpofcd, at the Haiaid of hii Life, to prote6l thcfe very People from tlic fuddcn 
 Refentment of his own injured Ship's Ciew. I^t us rontemplate, admire, revere, and emulate, thii grot Na- 
 vig.itOi ; whole Skill and Labours have enlarged natiir.d Philofophy ; have extended nautical Science ; and have 
 difclofed the Idng cr«ncealcd and admirable Anangcments of the Almighty in the Formation of this Cilobc, and 
 at the fame Time the Arrogance of Mortals, in prefuming to account, by their Speculations, Ur the Latv.i by 
 ivhich he waspleafed to create it. It is now diicovered, beyond all doubt, that the fame Great Being who 
 created (he Uoiverfe by his liut, by the lame ordained our Earth to keep a jud Poifu, without a corrcfponding 
 Southern Continent. The arduous and accurate Kefcarches of this extraordinary Man have difcovcred Seas 
 unnavigated and unknown before. I'hey have made us acquainted with lllands. People, and Produ£lion;, of 
 ivhich we had no concebtion : and the name of Cook will be revered, while there remains an authentic Ac- 
 count of his Three refpeclive Voyages, and as long as Mariners and Geographers (hall trace the various Coiirfes 
 and Difcoverits he has made. 
 
 Among other Advantages which niuft rcfiilt from the Undertakings of this unparalleled Commander, it is pro- 
 bable that tli^ ('>>yjges may be the means of fprcading, in Tune, the Bledings of civilization amongd the 
 numerous Triks of the Soulb Pacific Oceun, of abolifhing their horrid Repads, and their equally horrid Rites ; 
 and of laying a Foundation for future and more elFeii^ual Plans, td prepare them for holding an honourable 
 Station amon^ the Nations of the Earth. Other Difcoveries of new Countries have, in general, been Wars, or 
 tather Maflacrts. Nation* have no fooner been found out, than they have been extirpated ; and the horrid 
 ("rueliies of tht C«nquerorsof Mexico and Peru, can never be remembered without bliilhing for Religion and 
 human Nature But when the Rcceflfes of the Globe are invedigated, not to enlarge private Dominion, but to 
 
 ftromote geneitl Knowledge ; when we viftt new Tribes of our Fellow Creature.s as Friends, and wi(h only to 
 earrt that thc^exid, in Order to bring them within the Pale of the OfTiccs of Humanity, and to relieve the 
 Wants of their JmperfeOl State Of Society, by communicating to them our fupcrior Attainments; Voyages of 
 fuch Difcovery planned with fuch benevolent Views by Okohoe the Thiku, and executed by Cook, have 
 not, we truft, btally failed in this Ref(Te£l. The Natives of the South Pacific Ocean comparing thenifclves 
 With their Vifitlrs, cannot but be druck with the deeped Conviv^lion of their own Inferiority, and be impelled 
 by the drongel Motives, to drive to emerge from it, and rife nearer to a Level with thole Bittons, who 
 deigned to lookupon them, and left behind to many Specimens of their generous and humane Attei)tinii. The 
 very Introductiin of our uleful Animals and Vegetables, by adding frefti Means of Subfiftenee, will have added 
 to their Coinfois and Enjoyments of Life. 
 
 The Public GiiioQty being excited to the higheil Regrce rcfpeCling Capt. Cook's Voyages, (particularly his T'.'ird 
 and l^ji Expedlion to the Pacjuc Ocean) it is neceflary to caution the Public againft the Impofitionof all muti- 
 lated, imperfedl,and Spurious Editions, Abridgements, and Compcndiums of thefe Works; fuch Publications 
 not being calcu|lt<d to convey to thft Reader that Satisfaiilion To naturally expelled. The work now relpcftfully 
 offered to the Piblio, wdl contain the Whole of Capt. Cook's Voyages Complete, with all the fine Ipkiulid Folio 
 Copper-platel. It is urinecefTary to pdint out the obvious IinperfeClions of all Publications which include only 
 a .//irf/e Voyage «f the very celebrated Capt. Cook ; his Tbtef different yojitf^es arc fo immediately conncded to- 
 gether, that owi^ to frequent Referenced from one to aVtother. no perfon can form a fatibfadory Idea of his 
 valuable Difcove^i, who docs not read his Firji, StconJ, and TLiH fcvaffs in the order in which they were pre- 
 formed and writ(io : In the prefent very complete, improved, and genuine Edition (for which numerous Readers have 
 been waiting wi^ Inlpatience) we therefore confidcr it as our indifpenfible Duty to begin with a full Account 
 of his Firjl mvAr round the World; after which we (hall record an authentic Hiftory of his Second I'oyu^f, and 
 then prixced tOR faithful and accurate Relation of his much admired Third and Ian yoyage round the Globe, 
 being that princjnlly undertaken for new Difcoveriei in the Pacific Ocean, Ice. &c. and in the Piofecution of 
 which he unfortjlnalcly loft his Life. 
 
 This Work wli be illuftrated with (befides the curious and intertftwtg Cuts for his FIRST and SECOND 
 VOYAGES. Ich all (he elegant, fplendid, and fine CaROE KOLIO CQPf£lt-PLAT£S, belonging to 
 his THIRD amj LAST VOYAGE, being Views of Places, Portraits of Perfons, and hiftorical Reprcfcnta- 
 tionsof rcmarkaie Incidents ditrihg (hii ctlcbrated Navigator's VOYAGE to Ok PACIFIC OCEAN ; toge- 
 ther with all theiccelfary Maps, Ch^ts, Plans, Draugbtj, &c. fhcaring the Track* of the Ships, and relating to 
 C'ountries now fift difcovered. Of hitherttf but imperfectly known ; the Whole (antounting to upwards of TWO 
 HUNDRED ani TWENTY moll EiUtCKMt ind Suraiia ENGRAVINGS) fitieKr engraved and accurately 
 copMd Uom Jk% |)riginak ^r the ataft «aitieot Nbftcrt. Stfiac eth«r fidhiens cf thtfe W^orki. qnoecefTaiily 
 
 1 tjttended 
 
IV 
 
 E 
 
 11 
 
 i- 
 
 G 
 
 E. 
 
 extended to tatny Urge Volumrs by lonfc Printing, &*:. ind publifhtd by mrrccniiry rrrlut^, (ih<iii|li ill e«r. 
 cuted in the Lciter-Prcrji pariiruLrfy] would coli ■> I'liuhjlci the- enormous Sum of upwuriit of Ikerti^ Gninct* -, 
 to thjt many Thoufiiiids of Fcrfons who would wilh (o prruU- the valuable Difroverirs lo puiiiM)' loinmuni- 
 cated to the World, and view the aflonifliing hnc Copper- Phtrs, have hiihrito been excluded from grritifying 
 their eager (^uriofity ; but This Edition ii publithrd in only Eighiy Numbet.t at 6d. each, nuking when rotn- 
 pletcd either One or Two Large Handfomt Volumes in Folio : to ef(c6l which very drfirable Knd, Kciourfe xrill 
 be had to lai^e new Tvpes, conflruQed on Purpofc to romprife rniuh Ntatter in .1 iiltir Compali ; fo that by thif 
 Means, and by nur aclheving to a clofe though elegant Mode of Printing, we fli.ill be enabled to prefent to the 
 Publir at All cify Kate, antl in a finall but Tufficient C'omp.irs. more than what oiliris luxr 10 enrich private 
 Individuals) extended and fpun out by loofe Printin;;, blank Paper, and other finiller Artifiri-i, to the Hulk of 
 many large Vvlumes, originally fixed at a very high Kale, and by the folfilh Mamruviei of Monopolifcri now 
 advanced to a nioft extravagant Price ; whereby the original Intention of GmTrnmrnt,*ihat the Improvements 
 and Difcovcriet in thefe celebrated V^oyagei might be rommunirated to the Public, (at whofe Kxpenre ihex- 
 were not only performed, but alfo printed and publiihed ' has been hitherto in a great Meafurr defeated. H-iw- 
 cvcr. by the Publication of this Genuine and COM PI. F, IK COI.I.K TION of the Whole of Captain CfKJKi 
 VOYAGtH, &c. in LAKGK FOLIO, all Kanks of IVrfons whatever may be accommodated, and the I'ublir 
 Curiofity, fo naturally fitrited by the Report of fuch r \ i h aordinakv Vjivach and Dmi dvihif >, will be 
 immediately and cheaply gratified.— The Poor as well ai the Kich will thasl)ecome familiarlv acquainted with 
 thefe extraordinary and important X'oyages and Difiovrries, in the Perfdrmance .-rnd Profecunon of w.'iich fuch 
 vaft Sums of the Public Money have been expended. So that ai the Price of this Wosx i< tendered lb vtry 
 moderate and eafy, the Whole of Captain Cook's Voy-iges will be more iiniverfally rr.'d, jud the p|>i ions In. 
 (ention of the King and Government that the Improvements and Dtlcnveries in thefe ccicbiatcd \'oy.iges might 
 be communicated to the whole World will of courle be more liilly .nnfucred. 
 
 To the Whole Difcoveries and Voyages of Capt aiv Co.ik, we mean to add complete and Rrnnine Narra- 
 tives of other \'oyages of Difcovery round the Woild, S^c. iiiideri.ikrn. performed, and wiittm hv F.nglifh (!ii. 
 cum -Navigators, Sec. under the Sanftion of Government ; m/. thole of I.ord Bvron, ('apt. Wallit, Capt. Car- 
 teret, Ixird Mulgrave, I.ord Anfon, Mr. Parkinfon, (',ipt. I.uiwidge. VleflT. Ive«. .Middleton. Smirh. Moore, &c. 
 &c. &c. Including likewife, a faithful Relation nf itic Subft.mre ot all the molt reinarkalilc and import;!nt 
 Travels and Journeys, which have been undertaken at viritxis liine* to the different Qiiaripr< of the World, 
 particidai ly thofe of Hanwav, Hamilton, Herbert. Drumr-otid. I'.KOck. Sli.iw, Stuirt, KaTin. ( aivcr, Ualrymple, 
 Burnet, Addifon, Barretti, Keyller, Thicknefs, Fwils, ISrydonc. ( h.mdier, [ohnfon, .Sfnolltt, .Mi>.)rr, Wraxall, 
 &c. It has of late become a .Mode too common to ullicr piiifxiii.ii I'nblirations into the World with a good 
 Appearance at firft ; and, in the Courfe of their F.xrnuion to i.ill <<tl lioin their origin.il Prrtcflion ; U> that, 
 when concluded, they cannot, properly fpeaking. lor «.»nt of rnilotitiity, be deemed hniflKd. That Inch 
 Defefts will not be the Cafe in this Worx, the Publidier ,ijh,t,s ihe PiiHie. that the lattir Numbers will be 
 equal in Goodnefs with the former; and that the \\ hole llnll hr finilhed in fo rrgiil.ir, roinplete. uniform, 
 and elegant a Manner, as to anfwer the Wiihcs both ol the Pubiilbei and Headers, by doing Cie^it to the one, 
 and giving Satisfaction to the other. 
 
 K 
 
 To the K I N G, 
 
 To the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, 
 
 To the Captains and Officers of the Royal Navy, 
 
 AND 
 
 To the Public at Large, 
 
 The following GENUINE and COMPLEtk HISTORY of 
 
 The Whole of Capt. COOK's VOYAGES, &c. 
 
 In large Folio, embcllifhed with all the elegant and fplcndid Folio Cop kr-Plates; 
 
 I S 
 
 ) 
 
 MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED. 
 BY HIS MAJESTY'i 
 AND 
 THE PUB II C'i 
 
 MOST OBEDIENT AND DEVOTED SERVANTS, 
 
 The EDITOR mid PUBLISHER. 
 
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NEW, GENUINE, and COMPLETE 
 
 H I 
 
 O R 
 
 O F T H E W II O L V. O F 
 
 Capt. Cook s Voyages, 
 
 Undertaken and Pciformed Iw ROYAL AUTHORITY. 
 
 Being ihr mo» Accuratk. Eiecant, and Vynivx i KDITION of the WHOLE WORKS 
 ami DISCOVtRlKS of ihat CVlcbraiL-d CiRi umsaviua roR, cvir PuljIiHicd. 
 
 The Whole written in a tworv plcaling and elegant Stile than any other Work of the Kind «nd Size. 
 
 ia-.u-i_ «j ' J-j r 
 
 A FULL and SATISFACTORY HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of 
 
 Capt. coo K's 
 
 FIRST VOYAGE Round the WORLD, 
 
 UNDERTAKEN and 1» E R F O R M E D 
 
 By Order of his Prcfcnt M A | E S T Y, 
 
 In His Majeftys Ship the ENDEAVOUR, 
 
 Principally for making Difcovcrics in the Soltiifrn IlEMisnitRF, &c. 6cc. 
 
 Brqnn thr latter End of Aiigun i^fiS. and ronilinhd thr i.th /f Jmu- 1771 ; containinir a 
 Period of iiraily T»iRt.fc Ykaks, ni wini-h u'as tonipU-atcd tlu- t.'ir(.-unniavigation of the Globe. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 VOYACiES being confuKn-il an thr grand rc- 
 potiuiry of ufcful and intcrcrting knowiidgc, 
 have jiirtly engaged the attention «)l njankuul 
 in all ages. In this ample fuld the attention of curi- 
 olity it gratilied by a vaU variety of intertlling fcenes ; 
 and uorki «>f this kind are of national conllijuente, 
 while, at the fame tinw, thcv alf'oril a luh fund of 
 plcafure to all thotc uho di light to fjK-nd a leidire 
 hour in raticiiul amufcmcnt. With rcfpcvt to (jptam 
 Cook's /.V/7 • /'vfv round the world, which was in 
 the Emh AVoi K, It has ft> ntuch attracted the notice of 
 the worlil, that it cannot he too panicularl) rtUted, nor 
 100 ni> cly examined ; and a principal advanta^^c accru- 
 ing from the lollowing lurratiNe is, that the fame Ho- 
 ne* lirt in diiVcrcnt lights as thty Hrike the oblcrvcr, 
 eannot fiiil of iKing a fource of i'refti intelligence; of 
 Ihcw ing former accounts through a new medium, and of 
 placing them in a more linking jxiint of accunny, by 
 judicious lorrrcfutns, and additional improvements, 
 The voyage which is the fubjccl of our prcfent na 
 
 narra- 
 
 tive, was undertaken Sy order of his prcfent majcfty, 
 for making dii'co\eries in ihe fouthern nemifphere, &c. 
 (uiplain (.'nk was aj)()ointfd commander of the En- 
 deavour; and with him embarked Mr. (now Sir 7*. 
 /<-pl>) Biiuii ami Dr. Soliimln; whofe principal objeds 
 in this expedition were, to obferve the tranlit of Ve- 
 nus, and to attempt afterwards farther difcoveries. Mr. 
 Jofeph Banks and Dr. Solander were men of diAin- 
 guillud abilities. The (irft of thefe gentlemen was 
 jioirelled of coiTiidcrable landed proiKity in Lincoln- 
 (hire; and, upon his leaving the Univer(ity of Ox- 
 ford, A. D. \-b_\, be made a vovage to the coafts of 
 Nev^foundlaiid and l.abradore. Slotwithltanding the 
 dangers and dilfi(;ulties that attended his tirll expedi- 
 tion, Mr. Banks returned u ndifcou raged 1 and when 
 the Kndeavour was equipping tor a voyage to the South 
 Seas, he determined to embark with the adventurers, 
 fiom the laudable mo:ive of enriching hjs native coun- 
 try with the khow ledge of unknown produdinns, and 
 new difcoveries. 
 
 • It i» uniicicil'jr) to point mil ilw ubviutis impcrfcillons of all publioatinns wliiih imiu.lc only a fmiU vovage of tde very cele^ 
 bratcil Capt. C«jli , hi> ihrtt dirf'crent ^-^yu^t, are fo iinmetliatrly eonncAcd lop-ilu-r, that owing lo l're<|iieiit references from ono 
 to another, no jxrloii can fonn a I'atitfaiiiory idea of hit valuable di(e«vcriei, who diH-i not read his firjl, jeonl, and llird voyagti 
 ill <h« ardir in which they were (icrfonnco and written : in the prefrnt \ety nmfUte, imprviitdinji ginuint EMtmn (lor which 
 niiinernut readers have been waiting with impalicikcc) we therefore conliJcr il as our iiulirp<-nliblc duty to begiu with a full account 
 of his Krft AWf'i after which we fliall record an authentic hiftory uf his Sicumi Ci/ogf; and tlicn procei^ to a faithful and ac- 
 riiratc reUiion »Cht» much adiuired ThirJ »nd laft fstwr round the world, bcinji; that pruuipally undertaken fur new difcoveries 
 IK the Pauhc (kcan, A:e. 6k, aud in the profecuiioa of which he unforiuiutily lull his LU. 
 
 No. I. B Dr. 
 
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Capt. COOK'S Voyages complex 
 
 
 m 
 
 i! 
 
 Dr. Solander, whom Mr. Banks engaged to accom- 
 pany him. had been appointed to a place in the Bri- 
 ti(h Miifcum, then juft cltabliflied, which he filled 
 with credit to himfelf, and in which he gave univerfal 
 fatisfaiftion. The Dodlor was a native of Sweden, and 
 a man of great learning, being an adept in natural phi- 
 lofophy, .^nd who had ftudicd under the famous Lin- 
 nxus. Mr. Banks, befidcs the important and valua- 
 ble acquiiition of this gentleman, took with him two 
 draughtfmen, the one being intended tc paint fub- 
 jcdts of natural hiftory, and the other to delineate 
 figures and landfcapes. He had likewiie four fervants, 
 two of whom were negroes, and a fecretary in his re- 
 tinue. Both Capt. Cook and Mr. Banks kept accu. 
 rate and circumftantial journals of this voyage. rThe 
 piipers of Capt. Cook contained a minute account 
 of all nautical incidents, and a very particular defcrip- 
 tion of the figure and extent of the countries he had 
 vilitcd ; and in thofc of Mr. Bank^ were found a great 
 variety of incidents which had not come imder the in- 
 fpedion of Capt. Cook ; bcfides, feme officers, and the 
 more intelligent of the (liip's crew, have communicated 
 to their friends duplicates of their journals, as well 
 as innumerable natural and artificial curiofitics, with 
 defcriptions of the people, and countries, their produc- 
 tions, manners, cuftoms, rc'igion, policy, and language. 
 
 Materials fo mtercfting and copious, will be thoueht 
 quite fufficient to furnifli the public with the foilowinir 
 New and Complete Hiftory of the whole of Capt. 
 Look s Voyages ; m which will be contained many cu- 
 rious remarks made by fevcral gentlemen engaged ia 
 thefe celebrated expeditions-, and it is our intention to 
 place every important incident in various points of 
 view, that our readers may be complete judges of the 
 valuable nature of the new difcoveries, and ofthe pre- 
 ference which is due to this large, elegant, though 
 Cheap Edition. " 
 
 The preparations for this important work have been 
 nritable to its ineftimable value, and our earneft con- 
 cern for its credit ; while wealth and fciencc have united 
 their powers for the purpofes of public benefit. Many 
 of the firft literary characters of the age have favoured 
 us with their adiftlince j not only the great outlines of 
 nature, but the variety of ftiades within have been care- 
 fully attended to, and not a fingle material will be 
 negleded which may embeilifli the narratives, and give 
 life and beauty to all the Three refpeHive Voyagts of this 
 unparalleled Navigator. We therefore fubmit this un- 
 dertaking to the judgement of the public, founding 
 our claims to their favour on merit alone, knowing it 
 is only on this Tolid foundation we can hope and expert 
 their encouragement and protcdion. 
 
 BOOK 
 
 I. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 7he departure of the EnJe/rvour from Plymouth— -Her pajjage to the ifland of hUdeira — A defcription of its natural at- 
 rinplics and trade — A particular account of Funcbiale, the capital of Madeira — The paffage from Madeira to Rio de 
 Jan-iro — An account of this capita: of the I'ortugutfe dominions in Seuth America, and of the circumjacent country— In- 
 cidcnts that happened while the Endeavour lay in the harbmr of Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 T 
 
 H E Endeavour, a bark of three 
 A. D. 1768. I hundred and twanty tons, which 
 had been originally built for the 
 Coal-trade, was appointed to the fervice of C apt. 
 Cook's firft voyage round the world, having on board 
 ten carriage and twelve fwivel guns. On Auguft the 
 26th we tlicrefore got under fail, and took our depar- 
 ture from Plymouth. On the 31ft, we faw fevcral of 
 thofc birds, called by feaiiien Mother Carey's Chickens, 
 and which they think prognofticate a rtorm. On the 
 ad of September we faw land between Cape Finifterre, 
 and Cape Ortega', on the coaft of Gallicia in Spain. 
 In this courfe fome marine animals were difcovered, 
 hitherto unnoticed by naturalifts. One of thefe, de- 
 fcribed as a new fpccies, is of an angular form, near 
 three inches in length, and one thick. It has a hollow 
 palTage quite through it, and a brown fpot at one end. 
 Four of thefe animals appeared to adhere together by 
 their fides ; but when put into water, they (epar4tk.d, 
 and fw?m about, ftiining with a bri^htnefs refembling 
 the vivid colour of a gem. We alio difcovered ano- 
 ther animal, exceeding in variety and brightncfs any 
 thing we had fcen ; even in colour and fplendor equal 
 to thofc of an opal. At the diftance of about ten 
 leagues from Cape Finifterre, we caught among the 
 rigging of the ftiip feveral birds not dcfcribcd by 
 Linnzus. On the 12th we difcovered Puerto Santo 
 and Madeira, and on the day following, moored with 
 the ftreani anchor in the road of Funchiale. In heav- 
 ing up the anchor, Mr. Weir, the- matter's mate, was 
 unfortunately carried overboard and drowned. 
 
 Upon approaching the ifland of Madeira from the 
 fea, it appears exceeding beautiful, the fides of the 
 hills being covered with plantations of vines, wliich arc 
 green when all kinds of herbage, except here and there, 
 are burnt up, which was the cafe at this time. 
 
 On the 13th in the forenoon the boat came from 
 the officers of health, no one being fuffered to land 
 from an board a ftiip without theirpermiflion. When 
 this was graiued, we landed at Funchiale, the chief 
 
 \ town in the ifland, and proceeded dircftly to the houfe 
 of Mr. Cheap, a conliderablc merchant, and at that 
 time the Englifli conful there, who received us with 
 a brotherly kindnefs, and treated us with a princely 
 liberality. We continued on the ifland only five days, 
 during which time the feafon was the word in the year 
 for fearching after natural curiofities; however, the 
 two gentlemen, Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks, puflied 
 their excurfions about three miles from the town, 
 and colleded a few plants in flower, by the obliging 
 attention of Dr. Hebcrden, the chief phyfician of the 
 ifland, and brother to Dr. Heberden of London. Mr. 
 Banks enquired after and found the tree called Laura 
 Indicus, the wood of which he fuppofcs to be what is 
 called the Madeira mahogany, as there is no real ma- 
 hogany upon the ifland. 
 
 The inhabitants of Madeira have no other article of 
 trade than wine, which is made byprcfling the juice 
 out in a fquare wooden veflTel. Tne fize of this ia 
 proportioned to the quantity of wine ; and the fervants, 
 having taken off their ftockings and jackets, get into 
 it, and with their elbows and feet prefs out as much of 
 the juice as they can. In like manner the ftalks, be- 
 ing tied together, are prefled under a fquare piece 
 of wood, by a lever with a ftone faftencd to the end 
 of it. 
 
 During our ftay upon this ifland we faw no wheel- 
 carriages of any fort, nor have the people any thing 
 that refcmbles them, except a hollow board, or fledge, 
 upon which thofc wine vefTels are drawn that are too 
 big to be carried by hand. They have adfo horfct 
 and mules very proper for their roads, but their wine 
 is, notwithftanding, brought to town from the vine- 
 yards where it is made, in vcflels of goat-fluns, which 
 9 re carried by men on their heads. 
 
 Nature has been very libeClil in her gifts to Madeira. 
 The inhabitants arc not without ingenuity, but thejr 
 want induftry. The foil is fo very rich, and there i« 
 fuch a variety in the climate, that there isfcarcehr any 
 article either of the neccfParies or luxuries of life, 
 
 which 
 
Madeira, 
 but l\\ef 
 1 there w 
 _^rcely any 
 « of life, 
 which 
 
 COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Di/coveriet in the South Seas to Round the irorlJ. 7 
 
 titude of Ferdinand Noronha, longitiite 32 dcg. 5 
 min. weft, we began to look out for the ifland, and 
 for the (hoals which arc laid down as lying between 'ic 
 and the main ; but neither the illand nor (hoa's could be 
 difcovercd. On the 29th \vc perceived that luminous 
 appearance of the fca mentioned by navigators, which 
 emitted rays like thofe of lightening. As Mr. Banks 
 and Dr. Solander were not thoroughly fatisfied with any 
 of the caufcs hitherto afligned for this pha;nomenon, 
 and fuppofing it was occafioned by fome luminous ani- 
 mals, they threw out a calling net, in order to try by 
 experiment whether they were right in their conjec- 
 tures. A fpecies of the Medufa was taken, which 
 bore fome refemblance to metalline fubftance greatly 
 heated, and emitted a whitilh light; they caught alfo 
 fome crabs which glittered very much ; animals which 
 had not before been taken notice of by the curious re- 
 fearchers into the fecrets of nature. 
 
 As provilions by this time began to grow fliort, we 
 refolved to put into the harbour of Rio de Janeiro ; 
 and on the 8th of November we faw the coaft of 
 Brafil. Ujxin fpcaking with the crew of a Portu- 
 guefe fiftiing boat, we were informed by them, that the 
 land which we faw was to the fouth of Santo Efperito. 
 Mr. Banks, having bought of thefc people fome fifli^ 
 was furprized, that they required Englifh fliillings: 
 he gave them two which he happened to have about 
 him J for he imagined Spanifti filver to have been the 
 only currency, and it was not without fome difpute 
 that they took the reft of the money in pifterecns. 
 The frefli (i(h which was bought for about nineteen 
 ftiillings, fcrved the whole (hip's company. We ftood 
 otr and on along fl-.ore till the 12th, having in view 
 fuccelliycly Cape Thomas and an illand juft without 
 Cape Frio, and then made fail for Rio de Janeiro 
 on the i3ih in the morning. Capt. Cook fent his 
 firft lieutenant in the pinnace before to the city, to 
 inform the governor, that we had put into that port 
 in order to procure rcfrelhments, and a pilot to bring 
 us into proper anchoring ground. The pinnace re- 
 turned, but the lieutenant had been detained by the 
 viceroy, till the captain Ihould come on (hore. When 
 the Ihip had come to ar< anchor, a ten oared boat filled 
 with foldicrs approached, and rowed round her, but 
 no converfation took place. Afterwards another boat 
 appeared, which had feveral of the viceroy's officers 
 on board. They enquired from whence the Endea- 
 vour came .> what was her cargo ? what number of men 
 and guns (he carried ? and to what port (he was bound? 
 which queftions having been pundtually and truly an- 
 fwered, the Portuguefe officers apologized for having 
 detiiined the lieutenant, and pleaded the cuftom of the 
 place in cxcu b for their behaviour. 
 
 On the 14th Captain Cook went on (hore, and ob- 
 tained leave to furnifli the (hip with proviiions ; but 
 this permiflion was clogged with the conditions of em- 
 ploying an inhabitant as a fador, and of fending a 
 (bldier in the Endeavour's boat every time flie came 
 from (hore to the veiTel. To thefe uncivil terms the 
 Captain made many objedions; but the viceroy was 
 determmed to inlift on them, neither would he pcrinit 
 Mr, Banks and Dr, Solander to remain on (hore, noc 
 fuffer the former to go up the country to colledl 
 plants. Captam Cook conceiving from thefe and other 
 marks of jcaloufy, that the viceroy thought they w(re 
 come to trade, ufed all his endeavours to convince him 
 of the contrary ; and acquainted him, that they were 
 Iwund to the South Seas, to obferve the tranfit of Venus 
 over the ditk of the fun, an objfeiit of great confe- 
 quence to the improvement of navigation ; but the vice- 
 roy by his anfwcr fcemed to be entirely ignorant of 
 this phsenomenoii. An olFccr was now appointed to 
 attend the captain, which order he was deiircd to un- 
 dcrftand as an intended compliment: however, when 
 he would have declined fuch a ceremony, the viceroy 
 vciy politely forced it upon him. 
 
 Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were nor a little cha- 
 grined on hearing that "they would not be permitted to 
 refidc on (hore, aud ftill more fo when the)- uncierftood 
 that they were not even allowed to quit the ihip : for 
 
 the 
 
 which cannot probably be cultivated here. On the hills 
 ♦valnuts, chefnuts, and ' apples (lourilh, almolV without 
 culture. Pine-apples, mangoes, guanas, and bananas, 
 grow almoft fpontaneouny in the town. They have 
 corn which is large grained and fine, and it might be 
 produced in plenty ; but for want of being attended 
 to ali they confume is imported from other coun- 
 tries. Beef, mutton, and pork are remarkably good, 
 and the captain took fome of the former on board for 
 
 hisownufc. , ,.,/•• 
 
 fuHchiale (which took its name from Ftmrbo, ligm- 
 IVing fennel in the Portuguefe language) is fituatc at 
 the bottom of a bay, and though it is extcniive m pro- 
 portion to the reft of the iOand, it is but poorly built, 
 and the ftreets are narrow and badly paved. The 
 churches are full of ornaments, with pidtures and 
 images of faints; the firit are, for the moft part, 
 wretchedly executed, and the latter are drelTed in laced 
 doaths. The tafte of the convents, efpecially of the 
 Francifcans, is better; neatnefs and (implicity being 
 united in molt of the ddigns of the latter. The infir- 
 mary alfo is a piece of good architciiture, and one of 
 the moft confiderable in this place. In this convent is 
 a fmall chapel, the whole lining of which, both fides 
 and ceiling, is compofed of human fculls and thigh 
 bones : the thigh bones are laid acrofs each other, and 
 a fcull is placed in each of the four angles. When we 
 vifited th'; good fathers, juft before fupper-timc, they 
 received us with great civility. " We will not afk you," 
 faid they, " to fupper with us, becaufc we are not pre- 
 pared, but if you will come to-morrow, though it is a 
 fkft-day, we will have a turkey roaited for you." This 
 polite invitation it was not in our power to accept. 
 There are many high hills in th"s illand ; Pico Ruivo in 
 particular is near 5100 feet high. To a certain height 
 thefc-hills are covered with vines, above which are num- 
 bers of chefnuts and pine-trees ; and above thefe again 
 whole forefls of various forts of trees. The Mirmu- 
 lano and Paobranco which arc found among them, are 
 unknown in Europe. The latter of thefe is very beau- 
 tiful, and would be a great ornament to our ganlens. 
 The number of inhabitants in Madeira are computed 
 to amount to about eighty thoufand ; anc" the cuftom- 
 houfc duties produce to :he king of Portugal a revenue 
 of so.oool. a year, clear of all expences. But the 
 balance of trade is againft the people ; for all their mo- 
 ney going to Lilbon. the currency of the illand is in 
 Spanilh. This coin confiftcth of pifterecns, worth 
 about a (hilling ; bitts about fixpence, and half bitts 
 worth about three- pence. 
 
 On the 1 9th of September the Endeavour failed from 
 Madeira, and on the 21ft we faw the illands called the 
 Salvages, northward of the Canaries. The principal 
 of thefe was about five leagues to the fouth half weft. 
 On the 23d the Peak of Tenerifie bore weft by fouth 
 half fouth. Its appearance at fun fct was very ftriking; 
 for when moft part of the ifiand appeared of a deep 
 black, the mountain ftill reflefted rays, and glowed 
 tvith a warmth of colour which no painting can cx- 
 prcfs. There is no eruption of vifibic fire, but a heat 
 ilTucs from the chinks near the top, too ftrong to ba 
 borne by the hand when held near them. The height 
 of this mountain is 15,396 feet, which is but one hun- 
 dred and forty-eight yards lefs than three miles. 
 
 On the 30th we faw Bona Vifta, one of the Cape de 
 Vcrd iftands, in latitude 1 6 deg, north, and longitude 
 2t deg. 51 min, weft. In our courfe to Tencriffe, we 
 Obferved numbers of Hying fi(h, which appeared very 
 beautiful, their (ides refemblingburni(hed hlver. 
 
 On the 7th of Odobcr Mr, Banks went out in a 
 boat, and caught what our failors call a Portuguefe 
 man of war ; together with feveral (hell fi(hes. or tcf- 
 taceous animals, which are always (bund floating upon 
 the water ; and on the 25th this gentleman (hot a black- 
 toed gulp, not defcribed by Linnaeus, and whofc dung 
 is of a red colour. We had now variable winds, with 
 fome (howers of. rain, and the air was fo damp as to 
 damage our utenfils confiderably. 
 
 On the 25th wc crolTed the line with the ufual cere- 
 monies 1 and on the 28th when the ftiip was in the la- 
 
8 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLEX 
 
 til 
 
 L 
 
 the viceroy had ordered, that the captain only, with 
 fuch Tailors as were required by their duty, (hould 
 come on fliore. Whether this arofe from liis jeaioufy 
 in regard to trade, or froiii the apprehenlions he en- 
 tertained of the extraordinary abihties of the two gen- 
 tlemen in fcarch of new difcoveries, it is certain that 
 
 • they were highly difagreeable to Mr. Banks and the 
 Doiflor, who wcic rclolved, if pofliblc, to evade the 
 order. With this view they attempted to go on. 
 Ihore, but were Hopped by the guard-boat ; yet fc- 
 vcral of the crew, without the knowledge of the cen- 
 liiul, let thcnifclves down by a rope from the cabbin 
 window into the boat about midnight, and drove away 
 with the tide, till they were out of hearing. They 
 alterwards landed on an unfrequented part of the 
 country, and were treated by the inhabitants with 
 great civility. • 
 
 Capt. G)()k, uiicafy under the reftridions of the 
 viceroy, rcnioiillratcd with him, but the latter would 
 return no other Uiifuer, than that the king his mailer's 
 orders muiV bj obeyed. The captain, thus repulfed, 
 ami much difplcafed, refolved to go no more on 
 Ihore, rather than, whenever he did iQ, to be treated 
 as a pri'bntr in his own boat; for the oiVicer who was 
 fo polite as to accompany him, conllantly attended 
 him, both to and from the fliore. Two niemorials 
 
 • were now drawn up and prefented to the viceroy, 
 oie written by the captain, and the other by Mr. 
 Banks ; but the anfwers returned were by no means 
 fatisfaciory. Several papers palfrd between them and 
 the viceroy to no good purpofe, the prohibition llill 
 rjinaininj; as bi-liire ; from whence the captain thought 
 it necellary, in order to vindicate his own compliance, 
 to urge the vitcroy to an act of force in the execu- 
 tion of his orders. For this purpofe he lent lieiite- 
 n.mt Hicks with a packet, giving him his ordir not 
 to admit of a guard in his boat. As this gcnileni.in 
 was refolved to obey his captain's commands, the 
 officer of the g iard boat did not oppofe him by force, 
 but acquainted the viceroy with what had happened, 
 on which the lieutenant was fent away with the packet 
 
 . unopened. When returned, he found a guard of fol- 
 diers placed in the boat, and infilled on their quitting 
 it. Whereupon the olhcer feized the boat's crew, and 
 conduded them under an cfcort to prifon, and the 
 lieuten.int was fent back to the Ihip guarded. When 
 the captain was informed of this tranfaction, he wrote 
 to the viceroy to demand his boat and her crew, indof- 
 ing the memorial which Mr. Hicks his lieutenant had 
 brought back. Thefe papers he fent by a petty officer, 
 to avoid continuing the difpute concerning the guard, 
 which mull haw been kept up by a commilfioned 
 officer. An anl\ver was now promifcd by the viceroy; 
 but before this could arrive, the long-boat, which had 
 four pipes of rum on board, was driven to windward, 
 (the rope breaking that was thrown from the Ihip,) 
 together with a Imall fkift that was fallencd to the 
 boat. Immediate orders were given for manning the 
 yawl, which being difpatched accordingly with pro- 
 per directions, returned, and brought the people on 
 board the next morning; from whom Capt. Cook 
 learned, that the long-boat having filled with water, 
 they had brought her to a grappling and quitted her, 
 and falling in with a reef of rocks on their return, 
 they were forced to cut the fallcning of Mr. Banks's 
 little boat, and fend her adrift. The captain now 
 difpatched another letter to his excellency, wherein he 
 informed him «f the accident, defircd he would affill 
 him with a boat to recover his own, and, at the fame 
 time, renewed his demand of the delivery of the pin- 
 nace ajid her crew. The viceroy granted the reqiiell, 
 but in his anfwer to the captain's rcmonrtra.nce, fug- 
 gelled foine doubts that he entertained, whether the 
 fclndeavour was really a king's (hip, and alfo accufed 
 the crew of fmuggling. Capt. Cook, in his reply, 
 faid, that he was willii^ to flicw his commiffion, ad- 
 ding, if any attempt Inould be nnadc to carry on a 
 contraband trade, he rcqueftcd his exceUcncy would 
 order the oHcnder to be taken into cuftody. The dif- 
 pute being thus tenninatcd. Mr. Banks attempted to 
 
 elude the vigilance of the guard, which he found 
 means to do. and got fafc on Ihorc on the 26th in 
 the inornmg. He took care to avoid the town, and 
 palicd the day in the fields, where he could bed crati 
 fy his curiofity, Mr. Banks found the country ixoplc 
 inclined, to treat him with civility, and was invited to 
 their habitations. But it was afterwards heard, that 
 fearch had been making for this gentleman when ab- 
 fent. He and Dr. Solander therefore refolved to run 
 no more rifques in going on (liore, while they remained 
 at this place. 
 
 On the 1 11 of December, having taken in water and 
 provihons, we got, with leave from the viceroy, a 
 pilot on board ; but the wind prevented us from put- 
 ting to fea. A Spaniih packet from Buenos Ayres, 
 bound for Spain, arriving the next day, the captain of 
 her With great politenefs offered to take our letters to 
 Europe. The favour was accepted, and Captain Cook 
 delivered into his hands a packet for the fecretary of 
 the Admiralty, containing copies of all the papers that 
 had palkd between him and the viceroy, leaving the 
 duplicates with his excdlency. On the 5th we weighed 
 anchor, and i.,,-. -d down the bay, but were ftoppcd at 
 Santa Cruz, the principal fortification, the order from 
 the viceroy, to let us pafs, by an unaccountable negli- 
 gence, not having been fent j fo that it was not till 
 the 7th that we got under fail. When we had paffed 
 the fort the guard-boat left us, and our pilot was dif- 
 chargcil. It was obferved, during our Hay in this 
 harbour, that the air was filled with butterflies, chicHy 
 of one kind, and the greatell part above our mall head. 
 01 the town and neighbouring country we fliall give the 
 toll(>^^illg ddlriptioii. 
 
 !<io dc Janeiro was [irobably Co called becaufe difco- 
 vcreii on the fdlival of St. Januarius, from whence we 
 iii.iy fiippole the river Januarius took its name, and 
 alio the town, which is the capital of the Portuguefe 
 in America. This town is (ituated on the weft fide of 
 the river, from which it is extended about three quar- 
 tets ot a mile. The ground whereon it Hands is a level 
 plain. It is defended on the north fide by a hill, that 
 extends from the river, having a fmall plain, which 
 co.itaiiis the fuburbs and king's dock. On the fouth is 
 another hill running towards the mountains which are 
 behin;i the town. This is neither ill deligncd nor ill 
 built ; the houfes in general are of Hone, and two (lo- 
 ries high; c\/<:ry houfe having, after the manner of 
 the Portuguefe, a fmall balcony before its windows, 
 and a lattice of wood before the balcony ; its circuit is 
 about three miles ; and it appears to be equal in lize to . 
 the largell country towns in England. The ftrcets are 
 Hraight, and of a convenient breadth, interfeding each 
 other at right angles ; the greater part, however, lie in 
 a line with the citadel, called St. Sebaftian, which 
 Hands on the top of a hill that commands the town. 
 The principal Hrect is near 100 feet in width, and ex- 
 tends from St. Bencdid to the foot of CaHle-hill. The 
 other ftreets are commonly twenty or thirty feet wide. 
 The houfes adjoining to the principal ftreet arc three' 
 Hories high, but in other places they arc very irregular, 
 though built after the fiime manner as at Lifbon. ■ Wa- 
 ter is conveyed to a fountain in the great fquare, from 
 an aqueduct, railed upon two (lories of arches. The 
 water a: this fountain, however, is fo b.id, that we 
 could not drink it with pleafure. The churches arc 
 richly ornamented, and there is more religious parade 
 in this place than in any of the pppilh countries in Eu- 
 rope. Not a day paflcs without a procellion of fomc 
 parilli, with various infignia, fplendid and coHly in 
 the higheft degree. But the inhabitants may pay their 
 devotions at the ilirine of any faint, without waiting 
 for a procetlion ; for a fmall cupboard, having a glals 
 window, and in which is one of thefe tutelary gods, is 
 placed bcfbie almoH every houfe, and a lamp is kept 
 conftantly burning, lell the old proverb Ihould be ve- 
 rified, " Ou: of light, out of mind." Before thefe 
 faints the people pray and fing with fuch veheme;icc, 
 that in the night they were diHindly heard by our 
 failors on board tlie Hiip. 
 
 In this town axe four convents, the firft is that of the 
 
 Bene- 
 
COOK*s FIRST VOYAGE— for making D^owr/W in the South Seas 6c Round the Ifor/J. 9 
 
 rccts arc 
 ng each 
 lie in 
 which 
 town, 
 and cx- 
 Thc 
 wide, 
 three 
 regular. 
 Wa- 
 re, from 
 The 
 that we 
 hes are 
 parade 
 mEu- 
 of fomc 
 oftly ill 
 ay their 
 waiting 
 ; a glals 
 gods, is 
 is kept 
 d be ve- 
 ire thefe 
 >eme;;icc, 
 by our 
 
 latofthe 
 Bcne- 
 
 ^Bencdiaines. fituatcd near «»"««''"" "J^''^ ' 
 the ftrudture affords an agreeable P^fp-f vl"li^"' 
 tains an elegant chapel, ornamented «'th fcveral va- 
 Juable Daintincs/- The fecond is that of the Carme- 
 iTe^wSKs the centre angle of the royaf^^^^^^^ 
 and fronts the harbour, its church was rebuilding in a 
 *" V Xant manner, with fine free ftone brought thi- 
 ther tK Liilwn. The third is that of St. Anthony. 
 Jituatcd on the top of a hill, on the fouth lidcot the 
 towni before this convent Hands a large bafon ot 
 brown granite, in the form of a iMralldogram, which 
 is employed in walhing. The fourth is fituatcd at the 
 eaaern extremity of the town, and was formerly the 
 jcfuit's convent, but is now converted into a military 
 
 hofpital. _ /, 1 L „„ 
 
 in the right angle of the royal fquarc ftands the vice-i 
 Toy's palace; this with the mint, ftablcs. goal. «c. 
 compofc one large building, which has two ftories, and 
 is qo feet from the water. In pafling through the pa- 
 lace, the firft entrance is to a large hall or guard-room, 
 to which there is an afcent of three or four ftcps. In 
 the guard-room arc ftationed the viceroy's body-guaiUs, 
 who are relieved every morning between eight and 
 nine; and adjoining to the hall are the ftables, the 
 prifon being in the back part of the building. W ithin 
 the guard-room is a flight of ftairs for afcending to the 
 upper ftory, which divides at a landing-placing about 
 half wav. and forms two branches, one leading to the 
 right, and the other to th< left. The former leads to 
 afaloon, where there are two officers in conftant at- 
 tendance ; the viceroy's aid-de-camp at the fame time 
 waiting in the anti-chamber to receive meflages and de- 
 liver orders. 
 
 The left wing of the royal fquare is an irregular 
 building, which rt)n(tfts chiefly of (hops occupied by 
 trading people. In the centre of this fquare is the 
 fountain, of which we have made mention, as being 
 fupplicd with water from a fpring at the diftance ot 
 three miles, from which if is brought by an aqucdud. 
 The place is continually crowded with negroes of both 
 fcxes waiting to fill their jars. At the comer of every 
 ftrect is an altar. The market place extends from the 
 north-eaft end of the fquare along the (hore, and this 
 htuation is very convenient for the filhing boats, and 
 thofe who bring vegetables from the other fide of the 
 river to market. Negroes are almoll the only people who 
 fell the difltrent commodities exptofed in the market, 
 Knd they employ their leifure time in fpinning cotton. 
 
 The form of government is in its conftitution mixed, 
 but in fad very defpotic ; the viceroy and civil magif- 
 fratc of the town frequently committing perfons to 
 prifon, or tranfporting them to Liibon, at their own 
 pleafurc. In order to prevent the people from making 
 excurlions into the country, in fcarch after gold and 
 diamonds, certain bounds are prefcribed them, fome- 
 times at a few, and fi)mctimes at many miles diftance 
 from the town ; and if a man is taken up by the guiird 
 without the bounds, where ihey conftantly patrole, he 
 is immediately fent to prifon. 
 
 The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro are exceeding 
 numerous, and confift of Portuguefe, Negroes, and In- 
 dians, which lall w ere the original natives of the coun- 
 try. The town (hip of Rio is but a fmall part of the 
 Capitanea, or province ; yet is faid to contain 37.000 
 %»hite people, and 629,000 blacks, many of whom are 
 free, making together 666,000, in the proportion of 
 17 to I. 
 
 The military is compofed of twelve raiments of 
 regular troops, lix being Portuguefe, and ux Creoles, 
 and twelve regiments of provincial militia. The in- 
 habitants are Icrvilely fubmiflive to the regulars, and it 
 has been faid, that if any of them (hould omit the 
 compliment of taking off his hat, when he meets an 
 olHccr, he would be immediately knocked down. But 
 thrfuiiordination of the officers to the viceroy is equally 
 mortifying, for they arc obliged to wait three times 
 every day to know, or receive his commands : the an- 
 fwer frequently is, " there is nothing new." 
 
 In Rio dc Janeiro the gentry keep tneirchaifes. which 
 are draw n by mules t tnc ladies however ufe a fcdan 
 No. I. 
 
 chair, boarded before and behind, with curtains on 
 each fide, which is carried by two negroes on a pole 
 connetfted with the top of the chair by two rods, coming 
 from under its bottom, one on each fide, and refting 
 to the top. The apothecaries fliops commonly fcrve 
 the purix)i'cs of coffee-houfes, as the people meet in 
 them to drink capillairc, and play at back-gammon. 
 When the gentry are feen abroad, they arc well dreffed, 
 tlwugh at home but loofely covered. The (hop-keepers 
 have generally Ihort hair, and wear linen jackets with 
 flceves. The women in general, as in moft of the Por- 
 tuguefe and Spanifli fettkmcnts in South America, arc 
 more ready to grant amorous favours than thofe of any 
 otlicr civilized parts of the world. As foon as the even- 
 ing began, females appeared at the windows on every 
 fide, w ho dillinguifhed fuch of the men as beft plcafed 
 their fancies by throwing down nofegays: and Dr. So- 
 landcr and two other gentlemen received fo many of 
 thefe love-tokens, that they threw them away by hat- 
 fulls. 
 
 Without the Jefuits college on the fliore, is a village 
 called Ncullra Seignora del Gloria, which is joined to 
 the town by a very few intervening houfcs. 'Three or 
 four hundred yards, within the Jeiuit'scollcge, ftands 
 a very high caftle, but it is falling to decay. The bi- 
 ftiop's palace is about three hundred yards behind the 
 Benedidiiie convent, and contiguous to it is a magazine 
 of arms, furrounded by a rampart. 
 
 The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro maintain a whale- 
 fiftiery, which fup|)lics them with lamp oil. They 
 import brandy from the Azores, and their flaves and 
 Kail India goods from their fettlements in Africa, 
 their wine from Madeira, and their European goods 
 from Lifbon. The current coin is Po'rtuguefe, which 
 is ftruck here ; the filver pieces are called petacks, of 
 different value ; and the copper are five and ten ree 
 pieces. This plate is veryufeful for fhips that are in 
 want of refrefhment. lliey water, as we have before 
 obferved, at the fountain in the great fquare, but the 
 water is not good. We landed our calks on a fmooth 
 fandy beach, which is not more than a hundred yards 
 diftant from the fountain, and upon application to the 
 viceroy a centinel is appointed to look after them. 
 The harbour is fafe and commodious, and diftinguilh- 
 ed by a remarkable hill, in the fliapc of a cone, ^t the 
 weft point of the bay. The entrance is not wide, 
 but it is eafy, from the fea breeze which prevails 
 from noon to fun-fet. for any fliip to enter before 
 the wind. The entrance of the narrow part is de- 
 fended by two forts. La Cruz, and Lozia ; they are 
 about three quarters of a mile from each other. 
 The bottom being rocky, renders it dangerous to an- 
 chor there, but to avoid it Ihips muft keep in the 
 mid-channel. The coaft abounds with a variety 
 of fifh, among which are dolphins and mackaref. 
 Provifions, except wheaten breadt and flour, arc cafily 
 procured. Yams and caffada are in plenty. Beef 
 both frefh and jerked may be bought at two-pence 
 farthing a pound, but it is very lean. The ^,^"016 
 jerk their beef by taking out the bones, and cutting it 
 into large but thin flices; They then cure it with 
 fait, anddry itinthefhade. It eats very well, and, if 
 kept dry, will remain good a long time at fea. Mut- 
 ton is fcarcely to be procured. Hogs and poultry are 
 dear. Garden fluff and fruit are in abundance, but 
 the pumkin only can be prefcrved at fea. "Tobacco 
 alfo IS cheap, though not good. Rum, fugar, and mo- 
 laffcs are all excellent, and to be had at leafonable 
 prices. 
 
 The climate of Rio de Janeiro is healthy, and free 
 from moil of thofe inconveniencies incident to tropical 
 countries. The air is feldom immoderately hot, as 
 the fea breeze is generally fuccceded by a land wind. 
 The feafons are divided into dry and rainy, though 
 their commencement of late has been irregular and 
 uncertain, for the latter had failed for near Tour vears 
 preceding our arrival ; but at this time the rain had 
 juft began, and fell in heavy fiiowera during our flay : 
 fbrmcrly the ftrcets have been overflowed by the rain, 
 and rendered impalFable with canoes. • 
 
 <-■ • The- 
 
lO 
 
 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGE » COMPLETE. 
 
 V' 
 
 u 
 
 T 
 
 ! 
 
 , 4 
 1 \ 
 
 The adjacent country is mountainous, and chiefly 
 covered with wood, a Tmall part of it only being cul- 
 tivated. Near the town the foil is loofe and fandy, but 
 farther from the river it is a fine biack mould. It 
 produces all the tropical fruits jn great plenty, and 
 without much cultivation, a circUmftance exceeding 
 agreeable to the inhabitants, who are very indolent. 
 The mines, which lie far up in the country, are very 
 rich. Their fituation is carefully concealed, and no 
 one can view them, except thofe concerned in working 
 and guarding them. About twelve months before our 
 
 arrival, the government had detedted feveral jewellaH 
 jn carrying on an illicit trade for diamondl wUh 
 flavca in the mines t and immediately afterward* > 
 law paired, making it felony to work at the trade/cff 
 to have any tools fit for it inpoffeffion, the civil of 
 ficers having indifcriminatcly fcizcd on all that could 
 be found. Near 40.000 negroes are annually imported 
 to dig in the mines, fo pernicious to the human Oame 
 are thofe works. In 1 776, ?o.ooo more wcredraucht- 
 ed from the town to fupply the deficiency of rh« 
 former number. ' 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 ii>' iitii 
 
 The departure of the Endeiwour Jrom Rio de yaneirt^—Her paffii^c to the enlroMre of the Streifbt W Le Maire—nm 
 inhabitants of Terra del Fuego defcribed—Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander afcend a mountain m fearch of tlmts—A* 
 aeeottnt of what happened to them in this excurJion—The Endeavour jaffes through the Streiebt Le Maire—An ae 
 count of her paffage, and a further defription of the inhabitants of Terra del Fuego, and its produflions—RcmaX 
 refpefling the foutheaft part of Terra del Fuego, and the Streighl of Le Maire—Dirtffions for the pa/Taee welhvard 
 
 round this part of Amrka, into the South Seas — The 
 
 ijare of the Endeavour from Cape Hon to the newly difctKered 
 
 ■The inhabitant' -t-t"-'—! —.-'L - ~- ..•-- ^<. 
 
 incidents during the ceurfe, and on the Endeavour's arrival amng them. 
 
 iJlands—An account of their figure and appearance— The inhabitants defcribed; with a narrative ef'tbe'vorims 
 
 ON the 8th of December, having pnKurcd all no- 
 ceflkry fupplics, we took our departure from Rio 
 de Janeiro; and on the uth an amazing nnrober of 
 atoms were taken out of the fca. Thefe were of a ycl- 
 lowifli colour, and few of them were more than the 5th 
 part of an inch long; nor could the bcft microfcopc 
 on board the Endeavour difcover whether they belonged 
 to the vegetable or animal creation. The fea was tinged 
 in fuch a manner with thefe equivocal fubftances, as to 
 exhibit broad (Ireaks of a limiiar colour, for near the 
 fpace of a mile in length, and for feveral hundred 
 yards in breadth. Whence they came, or for what de- 
 figned, neither Mr. Banks nor Dr. Solander could de- 
 termine. Perhaps they might be the fpawn of Ibme 
 marine animal, unknown to either antient or modern 
 phik>fophers. 
 
 On tlie I ith we hooked a (hark. It proved to be a 
 female. When opened we took fix young ones out of 
 it, five of which were alive, and fwam brifkly in a 
 tub of water, but the fixth appeared to have been dead 
 Ibmc time. From this time we met with no nrMterial 
 occurrence till the 23d, when we difcovercd numerous 
 birds of the profillaria kind, in latitude 39 deg. 37 
 min. fouth, and longitude 49 deg. 16 min. weft; we 
 alio difcovered great numbers of porpoiles of a lingular 
 fbecies, about 1 5 feet in length, and of an a(h colour. 
 On the 23d we obferved an eclipfe of the moon; and 
 about fevcn o'clock in the morning, a fmall white cloud 
 appeared iii the weft, from which a train of fire ifltied. 
 extending itfelf wefterly : about two minutes after, we 
 heard two difiind loud explofions, immediately fuc- 
 ceeding each other, like thofe of cannon, after which 
 the doud difappcared. On the 24th we causht a lai»e 
 loggediead tortoife, weighing one hundred and fmf 
 pounds. We likewifc Ihot feveral birds, one an alb(^• 
 trofs, which meafiired between the tips of its winga 
 nine feet and an iiich, and from its beak to the tail 
 two feet one inch and an half. On the 30th we ran up' 
 wards of fifty kasues, through vail numbers of land 
 infedls, fome in the air, and others ujpon the water ; 
 they appeared to refemble exadly the fiiss that are fecn 
 in England, though they were thirty leagues from land, 
 and fome of thefe infeos jtre known not to <iuit it be- 
 yond three yards. At this time we judged ourfelves to 
 oe nearly oppofite ta\the bay called aiaiis Fond (without 
 bottom) where it is iuppofed by fome writers, that the 
 continent of America is divided bjr a paflage; but it 
 was the opinion of our circumnaviganm, that there 
 might be a huge river, which probablv had occafioned 
 an mundation. On die 31ft we had much thunder, 
 lightning and rain. Thia d^ and the three folkmins, 
 wi% law levcial whales t Ukewife a number of birot 
 
 about the fizc of a p^eon, with white bellies and 
 grey beaks. 
 
 On the 3d of January we faw the appearance of 
 land, in latitude 47 deg. 17 rain, fouth, . -^ 
 and longitude 61 deg. 29 min. 45 fee. *' ^' '7*9' 
 welt, which we miftook for Pcpy's ifland. In appear, 
 ance it fo much refcmbled lancl. that we bore away for 
 it ; and it was near two hours and an half before we 
 were convinced, that it was one of thofe deceptions 
 which failors call a Fpg-bank. At this time our feamen 
 beginning to complain of cold, they were fumifhed 
 with apairof trowfers, and a Magellanic jacket, made 
 of a thick woollen fiuif cilled Fearnought. On the 
 I Ith, after having paffcd Falkland's Ifland, we faw the 
 coaftof Terra delFucgo, at the diftance of about four 
 leagues from the weft to fouth-eaft by fouth. As we 
 ranged along the fliorc to the fouth-eaft. finoke wa* 
 perceived, made, probably, by the natives as a fignial, 
 tor it was not to be feen after we had pafTed by. 
 
 On the 14th we entered the ftreight of Le Maiiv, 
 but were after>vards driven out again with fuch violence, 
 (the tide being againft us) that the (hip's bow-fprit was 
 frequently under water. At length, nowever, we rax 
 anchorage in a fmall cove, on the eaft of Cape St. 
 Vincent, the entrance to which our capuin named St. 
 Vincent's Bay. Thie' weeds which grow here upon 
 rocky ground are very remarkable, they appear above 
 the furface in eight and nine fathoms water. The 
 leaves are four feet in length, and nuiny of the ftalks, 
 though not more thtn an inch and a half in circura.- 
 ference, above one hundred. 
 
 Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks went on Ihore, where 
 having continued four hours, they returned about nine 
 in the evening, with upwards of an hundred difierent 
 plants and flowers, of^ which none of the European 
 ootanifb had taken any notice near this bay. The 
 country in general was flat, and the bottom, in par. 
 ticular, was a gralTy plain. Here was plenty of wood, 
 water, and fowl, and winter bark was found in great 
 plenty. The trees appeared to be a fpecies of the 
 birch, but neither large nor lofty. Th£ wood was 
 white, and they bore a frnall leaf. White and red cran- 
 berries were found in thefe parts. 
 
 On the 1 8th we came to an anclior in twelve fathom 
 water, upon coral rocks, before a fmaH cove, at the dif- 
 tance of about a mile from the (hore. At this time two of 
 the natives came down upon the beach, as if they ex- 
 pe<^ed that the ftrangcrs would land ; but as there wa* 
 no fhelter here, the (nip was got under fail again, and 
 the Indians retired difa|^inted. The fame afternoon, 
 about two o'clock, we came into the bay of <3ood Suc-^ 
 cefs, and the vefTcl coming to an anchor, the captain 
 
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COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas tc Round the IVorld. i i 
 
 went on Ihorc. accompanied by Mr. Bank, and Dr. 
 Sander, in o dcr to fearch for a watering P"^^/"^ 
 Srfc with the Indian.. Thefe gentlemen had not 
 nSded above one hundred yards before the captam. 
 Kn two o'f the Indian, that had ftated «hen,fclve. rofe 
 UD and ihrc^away the fmall fticki which ^ey held 
 Keirhand.. a. aUcn of amity. They .fterward. 
 «tS to their companion., who had remamed oi 
 fomrSftance behind 'them and made f|gn. to thc.r 
 S. to advance, whom they received in a friendly 
 auHijrh uncouth manner. In return for their civility. 
 fom« ribband, and beads were diOribntcd "niong^them. 
 Thus a fort of mutual confidence was caablilhed and 
 the rea of the Englifh joined the party, the Indians 
 converfing with them in their way, in an amicable njian- 
 ner Capt. Cook and his friends took three of them 
 to the Ihip, dreffed them ih jackets, and gave them 
 bread and other provifions. part of which they carried 
 on Ihore with thc-m , but they refufcd to drink rum or 
 brandy, making figns that it burned their throats, a. 
 their prope' drinlTwa. water. One of thefe people 
 madefeveMl long and loud '"P^'^chcs, »>ut no part of 
 Scm was intelligible to any of us. Another ftole the 
 covering of a globe, which he concealed under his 
 Barmen? that was made df (kin. After having re- 
 Siained onboard about two hours, they returned on 
 Aore. Mr. Banks accompanying them. He conducted 
 them to their companions, who fecmed no way curious 
 to know what their friends had feen. and the latter 
 were as little difpofcd to relate as the former were to 
 enquire. None of thefe people exceeded five feet ten 
 inches in height, but their bodies appeared large and 
 robuft. though their limbs were fmall. They had broad 
 flat faces, high checks, nofes inclining to flatnefs, wide 
 noftrils. finall black eyes, large mouths, fmall. but m- 
 difForent teeth, and rfraight black hair, falling down 
 over their ears and foreheads, the latter being generally 
 fmeared with brown and red paints, and liTcc all the 
 original natives of America, they were beardlefs. Their 
 garments were the Ikins of feals and guanicoes, which 
 they wrapped round their (boulders. The men like- 
 wile wore on their heads, a bunch of yarn which fell 
 over their foreheads, and was tied behind with the 
 finews or tendons of fome animals. Many of both 
 fexcs were painted on different parts of their bodies 
 with red, white, and brown colours, and had alfo three 
 or four perpendicular lines pricked acrofs their cheeks, 
 and noles. The women had a fmall ftring tied round 
 each ancle, and each wore a flap of (kin fattened round 
 the middle. They carried their children upon their 
 backs, and were generally employed in domeftick la- 
 bour and drudgery, 
 
 Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, attended by their fcr- 
 vams, fet out from the (hip on the i6th, with adefign 
 of going into the country as far as they could that 
 day, and returning in the evening. Having entered 
 a wood, they afcended a hill through a jftthlels wilder- 
 nefs till the afternoon. After they had reached what 
 they took for a plain, they were greatly difappointed 
 to find it a fwamp, covered with birch, the budics in- 
 terwoven and fo inflexible that they could not be di- 
 vided: however, as they were not above three feet 
 high, they ftepped over them, but were up to the an- 
 cles in boggy ground. The morning hira been very 
 fmc, but now the weather became cold and di(aeree- 
 able 1 the bla(^s of wind were very piercing, and the 
 fnow tell thick ; neverthelefs they purfued their route 
 in hope of (inding a better road. Before they had got 
 over this fwamp, an accident happened that greatly 
 difconcerted them : Mr. Buchan, one of the draughtl- 
 men, whom Mr. Banks had taken with him, fell into a 
 fit. It was abfolutely necedaiy to (lop and kindle a 
 fire, and fuch as were moft fatigued remained to aflift 
 him ; but Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Monk- 
 houfe proceeded, and atuined the fpot they had in 
 view, where they found a great variety of plants that 
 gratified their curiofity and repaid their toil. On re- 
 turning to the company amidft the fnow which now 
 fell in great abundance, they found Mr Buchan much 
 rccm'ercd. Thev had previoudy fcnt Mr. Monkhoufe 
 3 
 
 and Mr. Green back to him and thofe that remained 
 with him, in order to bring them to a hill which waa 
 conjeflured to lie in a better track for returning td 
 the Wood, and which was accordinBrly fixed on a. a 
 place of rendezvous. They refolved from this hill to 
 pafg through the fwamp, which this way did not appear 
 to be more than half a mile in extent, into the covert 
 of the wood, in which they propofed building a hut, 
 and kindling a fire, to defend themfelvcS from the 
 feverity of the weather. Accordingly, the whole party 
 met at the place appointed, about eight in the evening^ 
 whilft it was dill day-light, and proceeded towards tne 
 next vrtllcy. 
 
 Dr. Solander, having often palTed oyer mountain, in 
 cold countries, was fenfible, that extreme cold when 
 joined with fatigue, occafions a drowfinefs that is not 
 eafily refifted i he therefore intreated his friends to 
 keep in motion, however difagreeable it might be to 
 them. His words were — Whoever fits down will fleep, 
 and whoever fleeps will wake no more. — Every one 
 fccmcd accordincly armed with refolution ; but, on a 
 fudden, the cold became fo very intenfe as to threaten 
 the moft dreadful cffcdts. It was now very remarkable, 
 that the Dodlor himfcif, who had fo forcibly admo- 
 niflied and alarmed his party, was the firft that infi(\cd 
 to be fuft'ered to rcpofe. In fpilc of the moft earneft 
 intreaties of his friends, he lay down amidft the fnow, 
 and it was with difl\culty that they kept him awake; 
 One of the black fervants alfo became weak and faint, 
 and was on the point of fullowing this bad example. 
 Mr. Buchan was therefore detached with a party to 
 make a fire at the fiift commodious fpot they could 
 find. Mr. BankJ and four more remained with the 
 do<5tor and Richmond the black, who with the utmoft 
 difficulty were pcrfuaded to come on ; and when they 
 had traverfed the greateft part of the fwamp, they ex- 
 pre(red their inability of going any farther. When 
 the black was told that if he remained there he would 
 foon be frozen to death, his reply was, That he was fo 
 much exhaufted with fatigue, that death would be a 
 relief to him. Dotflor Solander faid he was not un- 
 willing to go. but that he muft firft take (bme (Icep, 
 ftill perfifting in adling contrary to the opinion which 
 he himfelf had delivered to the company. Thus re- 
 folved, they both fat down, fupportcd by (bme buflies, 
 and in a fhort time fill adcep. Intelligence now came 
 from the advanced party, that a fire was kindled about 
 a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks 
 then awakened the doctor who had already almoft loft 
 the ufe of his limbs, though it was but a few minutes 
 fince he fat down; neverthelefs, he confented to go 
 on, but every meafure taken to relieve the black proved 
 ineffeclual. He remained motionlefs, and they were 
 obliged to leave him to the care of a failor, and the 
 other black fervant, who appeared to be the leaft hurt 
 by the cold, and they were to be relieved as foon as 
 two others were fufficiently warmed, to fill their places. 
 The dodor, with much difficulty, was got to the fire t 
 and as to thofe who were fent to relieve the companions 
 of Richmond, they returned without having been able 
 to find them. What rendered the mortification ftill 
 greater was, that a bottle of rum (the whole (lock of 
 the party) could not be found, and was judged to lave , 
 been left with one of the three that were milling. 
 
 A fall of fnow continuing for near two hours, there 
 now remained no hopes of feeing the three abfcnt per- 
 fons again. At twelve o'clock, however, a great (hout- 
 ing was heard at a diftartce, which gave inexprefltble 
 fatisfiidlion to every one prefcnt. Mr. Banks and four 
 others went forward and met the failor, who had juft 
 ilrength enough left to walk. He was immediately fent 
 to the fire, and they proceeded to feek for the other 
 two. They found Richmond upon his legs, but in« 
 capable of moving them ; the other black was lying 
 fenfelefs upon thC; ground. All endeavours to bring 
 them to the fire were fruitlefs ; nor was it pofiible to 
 kindle one upon the ipot, oh account of the fnow that 
 had fallen, and wa. falling; fo that there remained no 
 alternative, and they were compelled to leave the two 
 unfortunate negroes to their fate, after they had made 
 
 them 
 
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 Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i'i- 
 
 !■ i 
 
 III 
 
 thctn a bed of the bought of feme trees, and cdVered 
 them over thick with the Tune. Aa aU hands had been 
 cmpkqrcd in endeavouring to move thefe poor blacks 
 t^ the fire, and had been expoTed to the arid for near 
 ah hour and an half in the atteinpt, ibme of them begwi 
 tb be affliAedJa the fame manner as thbfe whom they! 
 were to rdicve. iV>fcoe. another iervant of Mr. Bank*, 
 in particular, began to lofe his fcfibility. At laft they 
 reached the fire, and paflcd the night in a very diu 
 agreeable manner. 
 
 The party that fet out from the (hip had co;ifified of 
 twelve i two of thcTc were already judged to be dead, 
 it was doubtful whether the third would be able to re- 
 turn on board, and Mr. Buehan, a fourth, fccmed to 
 be threatened with a return of his fits. The (hip they 
 reckoned be at the difiancc of a lon^ day's journey, 
 through an unfretiuentcd wdod, in which they might 
 probably be bewildered till night, and having been 
 '|,cquip()cd only tbra journey of a Tew hours, they had not 
 z fumciency of provifions left to afford the company a 
 f^ngle meal. 
 
 At day-break on the i jth nothing prcfcnted itfclf to 
 the view all around but (now, which covered alike the 
 trees and the ground ; and (he blafts of m imi were (b 
 frequent and violent, that their journey fccmed to be 
 rendered impnuljticablc, and they had reafon to dread 
 pcrifliing with cold and famine. However, about fix 
 in the morning, they were flattered with -a dawn of 
 hope of being oelivcrcd, by difcovering the fun through 
 the clouds, which gradually dimini(hcd. Before their 
 felting out, mclfengcrs were difpatchcd to the un. 
 happy negroes: but thefe returned with the melan- 
 cholly news of their death. Thoush thefky had flat- 
 tered the. hopes of the furvivors, the fnow continued 
 falling very fa(t, a circumdance which impeded their 
 journey, but a breeze fpringing up about eight o'clock, 
 added to the influence of the fun, began to clear the 
 air, and the fnow falling in large flakes from the trees, 
 gave tokens of a thaw. Hunger prevailing over every 
 other confideration, induced our travellers to divide the 
 fmall remainder of their provifions, and to fet forward 
 on their journey about ten in the morning. To their 
 great a(loni(hmcnt and fiuisfaAion, in about three 
 hours they found themfelves on the (hore, and much 
 nearer to the (hip than their moil fanguinc expedations 
 could have fiiggelled. When they looked back upon 
 their former route from the fea, they (bund that inftcad 
 of afcendins the hill in a dired line, they had made a 
 circle almoft round the country. On their return, thefe 
 wanderers received fuch congratulations from thofc 
 on board as can more eafity be imagined than ex. 
 , prelTed. 
 
 Mr. Banks and Dr. Sdander wept on (horc again on 
 th. 3Qth of this month, landing in the bottom of the 
 bay, where they colle&ed a numoer of (hells and plants, 
 Mtherro unknown. After having returned to dinner, 
 they went to vifit an Indian town, about two miles up 
 the country, the accefs to which, on account of the 
 nhud, wn difficult. When they aproachcd the town, 
 two of the natives came out tn meet them, who began 
 to (hout in their ufual manner. They afterwards con- 
 ducted Mr. Banb and the Dodlor to their town. It 
 was fituate on a fmall hill, over-(haded with wood, and 
 confifted of about a dozen huts, 'coriftrucled without art 
 or rtsubrity. They were conipofed of a few poles 
 iiicUmng to each other in the fhape of a fugar-loaf, 
 iHMch wire covered on the weather 6dc with grafs and 
 boi^hli ind dn the other fide a fpace was left open, 
 wi^ jiianred at once for a fire-pla^e and a door. They 
 wcR of die 6me nature of the l|Uts that had been feen 
 at St. iniK^*a Bay. A little grafs ferved for Ms 
 and^ap, iad their utenfiU were a ba(ket for theliKBil, 
 a fatdirico h|uw iipim tf>(|;bwck, and a bladder for 
 water, oiit of «hi^ they dmkmon^ a hole liear the 
 mp. Ti^toimirMinhaliyrterittriticofaboutfii^. 
 men, wiHnek, «id chikbou tfcrir bow^ aiyd aixowji 
 were cdnftMided with neaMefi ^ ihgettuiQr, being 
 midciorwadd hkihlypoliilied,^ilild point wh'# 
 wii eidier g^ St flint, veiy (kilfit% fitted. The(e 
 latter fuMbMcet weit obferved among rhem unwrought, 
 
 miSXm 
 
 •••*?> «|?»b. <•«» hMtt*illt*c. ftom whence it was 
 concluded diM tby femeihmea trwvellfed m the north, 
 ward. «• no Odo, to ytan MO; had toudiai tt thia 
 part of Terra del /niMO^ The nativeaheit didnot 
 (hew any fiirprifeat di«|g|»or ftiCranmi bMiopeafed 
 to be weU «cquainted witHithcdr uft. U ia ul^ that 
 the fpot op which the Dodtor wd Mr. Banke met tkm^ 
 was not » filed habintion, an their houfes did nocfeem 
 as If Ommm ewaed to (Und for any lona time, and 
 they had w» boaia or canoes among them^ Tliey did not 
 appear to hav* «», form of aovcmmcnt or any ideas of 
 fubordination. Tbqr feeimCio be the very out.oa?s of 
 ment and a people that pilBid. their lives in waadoring 
 in a forlorn nuuiner over rfreary waftes ; their dwelling 
 being a thatched hovel, a'ld |heir chMthing fcaroely CaU 
 ficient to keep them fro-n p«ri(hing with cold, even in 
 thefe climates. Their onlv fiwdi was fltell-fifh. which 
 on any one fpo: nuifi foon be «thau(lcdi nor had they 
 the rudeft implement of art, not even (o much as was 
 necclTary to drefs their (bod, yet ainid(t all this, we ar« 
 told, that they appeared to enjoy that content which is 
 fcldoin found in great and populous cities t a fpecies of 
 conu-nt, which if they really enjoyed it, mufi have 
 arifen from fiupidity. afatitf«£tion the oHTspring of the 
 grcateft ignorance. Such ia the (late of uncultivated 
 nature i luch the rude form which uncivilifcd man puta 
 on. The wants of thefe people fccmed to be few I but 
 foipe wants all mankind mult have, and even the moft 
 umple of them, thefe poor favages appeared fcarcely 
 in « condition to gratify. The call* of hunger and 
 mm mu(l be<obeyea>,orman mvd pcri(hi yet tnc peo^ 
 pic tni]ue(|ion (cemed to dmndon chance for the 
 means of anfwering them. 'Vhofe who can be happy 
 in /uch a fituation, can only be fo, becaufe they have 
 not a due feeling of their mifery. We know that there 
 have been admirers of (^nple nature amongft the phi- 
 lofophers of aU ages and nations { and certainly fimple 
 nature has her beauties. In regard to the vegetative 
 and brute creation, (he tmerates with rcfiftlefs enemy s 
 her power is prevalent as her pencil is inimitable s out 
 when we afcend in the (bale of beings, and come to 
 examine the human race, what (haU we find them, with- 
 out cultivation ? It is here that infiinA ends and rea(bn 
 begins, and without entering into the oueftion. Whe- 
 ther a ftale of^. nature is a flate of war* when weoAx- 
 fcrvc the innumerable inconveniences to which thofe 
 are fubjedl on Whom the light of fciencc never dawned, 
 wc may eafily determine in the fiivour of thofc arts 
 whibh have civilized mankind, .formed them into fo- 
 cieties, itfined their nunners, and taught the nations 
 where they h^ve prevailed, to prot£t thofc righu 
 which the untutored favagci have ever been d^iged to 
 yield to the fjiprrior abiaties of their better inftruSed 
 invaders, and have thus fidlen a prey to European 
 tyranny. . 
 
 We obferved in this plaee4ieals, fea-lions, and dogs, 
 an^ no other iquadrupeds i neverthelef: it is probable 
 « there ate other kmds of animals (n the country; for 
 Mr. Banks icm^od, from a hill, an irapreflion <^thc 
 foot-fteps of ji huge animal on the furiace of a bog, 
 but of what kuid it was he could not determine. Not 
 any^land-birds were feen larger than an Engliih bbck- 
 bira, hawks and vultures excepted. Ducks and other 
 water-fowis wc faw io abundance f alfo (hell fifh, clams, 
 an(l limpets, iliecountry though uncleared had oeu, 
 ther gnat, mufquiro. nor any other noxious or trouble- 
 fome animals. A great .variety oCplants were -found 
 l^ the Do&or and Mr. Batiks. The wild .celery' and 
 fcurvy-grafs are ftqppofed to contain antifcorbutic qua- 
 lities, which will therefore be of fervice to the crewa 
 of fuch (hip as hereafter may OMutch at.t^i* place, after 
 ».Uimg voyage. The latter is found inapuncUnce near 
 firings suuTm damp places, particu^ily at .the water- 
 ing place in the bay of Good auccer*, and it refemblea 
 the Elm^ilil cucltpw flower, or Udy>-fmpck. The 
 wild celery ia like whatgrofws in our gardens in £ng- 
 faind, but the leaves are of* deeper green. Thispiant 
 inay be found in plenty hear the beach, and upon the 
 land above the fprii^ tides. ■ In tallc it is between that 
 of celery and parfley. The graceful feaman, long con- 
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 Capt. GOOK'a VOYAGES COMPtBTE. 
 
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 grmttr pan of it. Tkc AwnMimUm bonkt of land 
 ITM low mmI mmw in mwtf |iiK)n,cibeelaUv towanU 
 the tbutht where the beach omafied oTa raer of roclu. 
 ThfM pbctt on ihc iwnh flde had ihe fiiRie ■ppetmice, 
 fb that on the whole ihe land ifecnted lo raflmiMe feveral 
 woody iflamb. To the weft wat a large clump of irtct, 
 and in the center two cot-oa«n«K treei. When within 
 • mile of the north fiJc, thomih we caft one a Une^ no 
 bottom could be found at i,|0 bihom, nor anjr good 
 •nchoraoe. Thit ifland waa covered with tivei, but 
 we could difcern no other fpeciei than the palm and 
 the cocoa«nut. Several of the nativea were aifcovcred 
 on (horei thev appeared to he tall, with hcada remark- 
 able large, which probabl. Ibme bandage might have 
 iacreawd. Their compleKwn waa uf the copper colour, 
 and their hair wa* black. Soine of thcfc people were 
 feen abnaft of ihe (hip, holding polea orpikca of twice 
 their own height. They appeared allti naked, but 
 when they retired, on the Ihip * pafluig by the iflaadi, 
 they put on a iight<otoured covering. Some clumpa 
 of^m-trcci fcrved them livr habitationa, which at a 
 dilnnce appeared like hilly ground, and the view of 
 th-^ grovea wai a very agreeable one. Our Captain 
 called thia place Ljmoon uland. It lay in 1 8 degreea 
 ibuth latitude, and i J9 weft kmgitude. In the afker< 
 noon we again Taw land to the nonh-weft, bv fun-ict 
 «re reached it, when it appeared to be a low ifland of a 
 circular fiirm, and about a mile in circumfierence. Tlw 
 land WM covered with verdure of varioua kinda, but no 
 inhabiuma were viflbic, nor any cocoa«nut trcea. ' Thia 
 ifland ia diftant from.that of Lagoon about feven leaguea 
 IMTth, and 6a weft, which our gemlemen on board 
 Mmed Thumb Cap. 
 
 On the 5th, we continued our courie with a (avour> 
 able wind, and about three o'clock dilcovered land to 
 the wcftward. It waa low, in form refembling a bow, 
 and in cireumferciKfl feemed to be ten or twelve leaguea. 
 Ita length ia about three or finr leaguea, and iu wkiih 
 about two hundred yarda. The Mach waa flat, and 
 ficcmed to have no other herbage upon it than iea-weeda. 
 llie refemUance of a how wu preferved in the arch 
 and cord forming the 'and, while the intermediate 
 ^pace waa taken up by water. The arch, in general, 
 waa covered with treea of varioua verdure and diArent 
 keighu. Thia ifland. from the (inokc that waa difco- 
 .vercd, appeared to be inhabited, and we gave it the 
 tumeofBow Ifland. 
 
 On the 6tli, about noon, we again law land to the weft, 
 and at three o'clock we came up with it. Thit bnd 
 feemed to be divided into two paita, or rather a col- 
 ledion of iflandi, (to which we ||ave the name of the 
 Groupa) to the extent of about nine leaguea. The two 
 largen were divided from the othera by a ftreight, the 
 
 breadth of wMak waa about half a naila. flame of 
 theft iflanda were ten miteter mow in leflgih, bat ap. 
 pearad like king narrow flringa of knd, not above a 
 quaiaer of a mile in breadth i but they piaduced treeai 
 however, of different kinda, among wMcN w|a iha 
 flocoa.nut tree. Several of the inhaMtama caaM ant In 
 thalrtaanoca. and two of dwm flMwed an intention of 
 coming on board i but thefe, like the rrft, fto|tped at 
 the reef. From the oMervatiom made, ihcfe people 
 appeared to be about our fite, and well made. Ilieir 
 conytodon waa brown, and they were naked. In ue* 
 neral, thty had two weapona, one wai a k>ng ptSe. 
 fpear.pointed, and the other refemblcd a paddle, fie* 
 veral of dwir canoee were conftruAed in fuch a manner 
 u not to carry more than three perfont i othera wero 
 fitted up for Ox oe Ikven i and one of ihcfe Ikmu hoifled 
 a tail, which waa convened into an awning when a 
 dwwer of rain feU. Capuin Cook woukl not ftay for 
 any of them, neither couM we determine, whether the 
 (ignala made were meant for defoince, or for invitation t 
 one party waving their hat*, and another nnfwering by 
 flioutii^. In thli refped it waa not judgci. prudem to 
 trv the experiment, in order to be convinced, u tha 
 ifland appeared of no importance, and the crew not 
 being in want of any thing it could produce. Thia cu. 
 noflty waa therefore laid afide, in eipeOation of fooo 
 difcovering the ifland, where we had been direiScd to 
 make our aftromMnical obftrvatkma, the nativea oif 
 which, it waa reafonable to cocyeAure, wouM make no 
 reflftance, having already experienced tk^ danger of 
 oppofing an European force. 
 
 On me yih, we difoovered another ifland, judged ta 
 be in ccrnipafa about five milea, being very bw, and 
 having a piece of water in the center. It appeared to 
 abouM in wood, and to be covered with veraure, but 
 we faw no inhabiunta upon it. It waa named Bird 
 Ifland. from the number of birda that wcic ften flying 
 about. Thit liei in latitude 17 de^. 48 min. fiNith* 
 and 143 dcg. 35 nua. weft longitude 1 diftant teh 
 Icacuea, in tlw direction weft, half noith from the weft 
 end of the Groupa. 
 
 On the 8tb, in the afternoon, we faw land to the 
 nonhward, and came abreafl of it in the evening, at 
 about Ave milea diftance. Thia land IceiiMd to oa a 
 chain of ,k>w iflanda, of an oval figure, and confiftod 
 of coral and fand,. with a few claflupa of fmall trcea, and 
 in the middle of it waa a lagooik On account af its 
 appearance, it waa called Chain Ifland. 
 
 On the loth, after a tempeftuoua night, we canne 
 in fight of Ofoaburgh Iflaad, called by the nativea 
 Maitea, Thia ifland ia.cjeculsri.aboBt four milea in 
 circumference, partly rocky, nod partly covered with 
 tieet. 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 ■!l 
 
 c H A ii»,i;:,vjM. 
 
 The EHdeavmr atrivttM Olabeite, tr Geont the tbirttt ffl^k^l^ tflMi^h Cap/Mk Cmkjk tmiiOiiai stn 
 
 ievnd mideidt Juriifg m^^mlhU jfitm i — A n Mrufimj m4fin mlfti^lm 
 
 trade 
 
 •miib the mUiv«t-m.JU M(mmt rfjevtrd L , „ 5,,^ . .. - -... ., . . 
 
 >M Id/a tke v^edt^FifiUfnmJeveral ^Ibe fbi^S'r^flllelmi^/ Ihe ^'y^t^^ "mm fiiayni »f^ j^> 
 
 4{fcribti'mOther e*smjm* i ... . . .... --. „ . . /= 
 
 ^ the ijlM^vThefart 4tftr 
 vtrefihug metik d^Hndr-^SMnfeik 
 
 Hem tudmiJenis, ttAmimi dfiflmjSmf^l^ HUemiep vttkOkw^lbejMdSiitem 
 defmhed^tbe fiudrMtfttten, «M ike tai^aiiif»cetr>^ rifil te VaH4^ <n A>ae» Ai^'-'d 
 dr-^nfeMiee4*<ireJmf^-^W}liimiS^ 
 
 ON tha nth we made Otaheitc, pr « Captain 
 Wallit had mnwd ilb'Kii« Gcorae die Third's 
 Ifland. The calm* prevented «u|r approaching i^ till, 
 dia raeraing of tba »,9|h». «dieii a, bfjeei^ Ijprung uf^ 
 aid fevcral caiwes wyi« feen, making towatda the Qua. 
 few of them, hmrcm w|?mW «;ome near, fnd UpoA 
 who did cwW not bt pmuaM m stw «\ MWf 
 They had brought with them young phntaina and, 
 \am^bfj^/pit%t!m, whkhwer? haysM W »e Owp'i 
 SiK.mi^)tlAmi define ^m W^ «? |W*?!JP* 
 pacti^thft rigging, 4ft 49kena (^ ponM.n^^ 
 Vfe«Kit<|Mfhaft*jlwr,coww»d>Mf. wp'wnft*?) 
 cac«n*aiiii,,lwnaaa% bqM^fritit. W9^ ftn4 %li .whid) 
 
 i JMi 
 
 lllt'jq 
 
 a 
 
 ware veiy a cc eptabl e tn the cicw. On the evening af 
 thafpma day wcMpaad the m^b.^ point oTd^a 
 
 tl^iwaing of the ra|li„fM| snitred Pm Kamd %). 
 bour.Jn uic ifland of Oiakttuc, andaachqaad wioOn 
 half ^.miieoC the iantu, MMqro^then^veacimaoff 
 immrittaitir in thaic cai 
 kpjtaiMtilit, <^Qcm-iN%^ 
 
 >.1»mpMr. TlwtM«)ucMitmtMi>read.fi^ 
 
 KiiitAf^,l|K.oC a,M»<hafiMit V, its leases are near 
 
 , a^JipAftiialCin. Win iir<lMpeabhMi|,andvcr|r 
 
 ij;r;i. .^!; >' ^ *>»*:*'"*! - much 
 
 fl)«r ihi^! 
 
 ■w 
 
torn* of 
 
 «bovfl a 
 
 <l trwii 
 wM iIm 
 
 w«Nit{n 
 MMNi nf 
 
 111 ge* 
 
 U. Sco 
 
 nwtutcr 
 f n wcra 
 ihoUltd 
 wKcn a 
 fltjr for 
 thrr the 
 rittiion i 
 triflgbjr 
 udeoi to 
 I, ai the 
 ;rew not 
 Thiacu> 
 I of foon 
 -t€M 10 
 itivet of 
 make no 
 anurr of 
 
 udgedto 
 low, apd 
 eared to 
 lure, but 
 MdBird 
 enflyiqg 
 n. fiwtC 
 ftant tefi 
 the weft 
 
 d to the 
 mingt at 
 I to bo • 
 confided 
 jcn,and 
 MUOf kt 
 
 we came 
 
 e natives 
 
 milca in 
 
 end with 
 
 ■"•IJ^S 
 
 fyo/rair 
 tbiirileMi, 
 
 iveningof 
 imoTii^ 
 
 ^ widi dw 
 iread-^TMilf 
 » are near 
 ^ and vera 
 much 
 
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 1^ 
 
 MfBANKS/ /wv^/vvy //Visit/i yy/ //^Kingi/DVKE of^ORKsISLAND 
 
 View^PEKFOEATED RO G K, ^/i TOL AGO BAY . 
 
 ^/g),-ri^f^^-^ 
 
 \ ■ ■ \ 
 
 M ./is 
 
 View ./'a Town rM//, Island -'/'TERRADELFUE GO 
 
COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijiovtritt in the South S<m & Round the IVorld. 1 5 
 
 much retemble theft of the fig-nte. The fruit i» not 
 unlike the c«nt«fcHipe melon; it l« inclofcd in a thin 
 (kin, and itt core ii a« large as a man's thumb. The 
 fubftance of this fruit is fomcxvhac like that of new 
 bread, and as white as the blanched almond. It muft 
 be roafted, and when eaten it has the tafte of a flight 
 
 fweetncb.' . . ^ «? j 
 
 Among thofe who came on board the rjideavour, 
 was an elderly man, named Owhaw, known to Mr. 
 Gore and others who had vifited this idand with cap- 
 ' tain Wallia. Owhaw being confldcred by our gentle- 
 men as a very ufcfiil man, they fludied to pleafc him, 
 and to gratify all his wiftics. As our continuance in 
 Geoige's Ifland was not likely to be very Ihort, certain 
 rules were drawn up to be obfervcd by every perfon on 
 board his majefty's bark the Endeavour, for the better 
 eflabliihina a regular trade with the natives. The fub- 
 ftance of thefe rules were, " That in order to prevent 
 quarreb and confulion, every one of the Ihip s crew 
 fliould endeavour to treat the inhabitants of Otaheite 
 with humanity, and by all fair means to cultivate a 
 fricndftiip with them. That no officer, feaman, or 
 other perfon, bek>nging to the fliip. excepting fuch 
 only who were appointed to barter with the natives, 
 (hould trade, or olTcr to trade, for any kinds of provi- 
 lion, fruit, orother pnxluceof the ifland, without hav- 
 ing exprcfs leave fo to do. That no perfon fliould em- 
 bezzle, trade, or offer to trade with any part of the 
 Ihip's ftores: and, that no fort of iron, or any thing 
 made of iron, nor any fort of cloth, or other ufeful ar- 
 ticles in the fliip, fliould be given in exchange for any 
 thing but provifion." Thefe ncceflary rules were figned 
 by Capt. Cook, and, being his orders, to the non-ob- 
 fervancc of them were annexed certain penalties, be- 
 iides the punifltmcnt according to the ufual cuftom of 
 the navy. 
 
 When the bark was properly fccured, Capt. Cook, 
 Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solamler, went on ftwre, with a 
 party ^nder arms, and their friend the old Indian. 
 Thcywere received by fome hundreds of the natives 
 vith awe and reverence, who exchanged the tokens of 
 peace, and ofknA to condudl them to a fpot of ground, 
 which would be mere convenient for them to occupy, 
 than that where they had landed. On their way, the 
 Englilh nude the Indians fome prefents. which the 
 latter very thankfully received. They now took a cir- 
 cuit of about four miles through groves of the bread- 
 fruit and cocoa-trees. Intermingled with thefe were 
 the dweUinga of the mtivcs, which confifled of huts 
 without walls. In the courfi: of their journey they 
 found but few fowls or hogs, and underflood, that none 
 of their condut-'lors, nor any of the people they had 
 hitherto fcen, were pcrfons of rank in the ifland. 
 Thofe of our crew, who had before been at Otaheite in 
 the Dolphin, were likewife of opinion, that the queen'a 
 refldcnce had been removed, as no trace* of it were now 
 to be difcovered. 
 
 Next day, in the morning, before they could leave 
 the fliip, fcveral canoes came about her filled with peo- 
 ple, wnofc drcfs denoted them to be of the fuperior 
 clafs. Two of thefe came on board, and each of them 
 fixed upon a friend: one of them chofe Mr. Banks, 
 and the other Captain Cook. Theceremonial&confifted 
 of taking off their cloaths in great mrt, and putting 
 them upon their adq>ted friend*. This compliment 
 was returned by our gentlemen pfefenting them with 
 (bmc trinket*. They then made figns ror their new 
 friends to go with \.'.\tm to the pfatce of their abode { and 
 the latter being defirous offing acquainted with the 
 pco)?'" and finding <n.~ a nM>re contenient harbour, 
 p':< epic ' the invitation, and went with theiii, accom- 
 pa»icd by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Captain. Cook^ 
 and others. We all landed in two boats at the diftancs 
 of about three miles, among a great number of the na- 
 tives, who conducted us to a laive habitatidn, where 
 we were introduced to a middK-4^cd man, namttl 
 Tootahah. When we were fcaled, htf prcfemed ib 
 Mr. Banks a cock, a hen, and » piece of perfomed 
 (;loth, which eoimplimcnt was KOMlird bf « prcfMN 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 firom Mr. Banks. We were then caodu(fled to fcveral 
 other large dwellings, wherein we walked about wirli 
 great freedom. The ladies fo far from ftiunning, 
 invited, and even preffed us to be featcd. Bv fre- 
 ouently pointing to the mats upon the grouna, and 
 uxnetimes drawing us down upon thcin, we had no 
 doubt of their being lefs jealous of obfcrvatinn than 
 we weret but the huts that are all open, except a roof, 
 afforded no place of requiiite retirement. Walking 
 afterwards along the fliore, we met, accompanied by 
 a great number of natives, another chief named Tu.. 
 bourai Tainaide, with whom we fettled a treiity; of 
 peace, in the manner before dcfcribed. This chief 
 
 Eve us to underfland, that he had provifions at our 
 vice, if we chofe to car, which he produced, and 
 we dined heartily upon bread-fruit, plantain!), and 
 iifli. During this vifit. Tomio, the chief's wife, placed 
 herftif upon the fame mat with Mr. Banks clofe by 
 him I but as flic was not young, nor appeared ever 
 to have poffeffed many charms, this gentleman paid 
 little attention to hcrt and Tomio received an addi- 
 tional mortification, when Mr. Banks beckoned to a 
 pretty girl, who, with fnme reludlance, came and 
 placnl nerfcif by him. The princefs was fomewhai 
 chagrined at this preference given to her rival ; neveri 
 thebfs flie continued her afliduities to her guefl. This 
 whimflcal fcene was interrupted by an event of a moni 
 ferious nature t Dr. Solandcr having mifled his operA 
 glafs, a complaint was made to the chief, which inter- 
 rupted the convivial party. The complaint was inforced 
 by Mr. Banks's ftaning up and flriking the but-end of 
 his mufquet againfl the ground, which ftruck the In- 
 dians with fuch a panic that all of them ran precipi- 
 tately out of the noufe, except the chief and a few 
 others of the fuperior clafs. That no difadvanugeou* 
 notions might pe entertained of them on account of 
 this circumflance, the chief obfervcd. with an air of 
 great probity. That the place which the Dodlor had 
 mentioned on this occafion. was not within his diflriA, 
 but that he would fend to the chief of it, and endea- 
 vour to recover it, adding, that if this could not bd 
 done, he would make the Dodlor compenfation, by 
 
 Eiving him as much new cloth, (of which he produced 
 irge quantities) as fliould be thought equal to the va- 
 lue. The cafe however was brought in a little tititr^ 
 and the glafs itfelf foon after, which deprived us of 
 the merit we fliould otherwife have had in refiiflng 
 the cloth which had been offered us. But it afforded 
 an opportunity of convincing the natives of our gene-^ 
 rofity, by lavifliing rewards upon them for an adlion« 
 to which felf-interefl had been the motive, rather than 
 any fentiment of probity; to which, from numerous 
 tranfadions, they appeared to be abfolutely ftrangers. 
 After this sidventure was amicably terminated, we re- 
 turned to the fhip about fix o'clock in the evening. On 
 Saturday the 15th, in the morning, feverai of the 
 chiefs, one of whom was very corpulent, came oil 
 board from the other point, bringing with them hogs, 
 bread-fruit, and other refrcflnnents, in exchange for 
 which they received linen, beads, and othe^ trinket* ; 
 but fome of them took the liberty of ftealing tM 
 lightening chain. This day the captam, attended hf 
 Mr. Banks, and fome of the other g^tlemen, went oA 
 fhore to fix on a proper fpot to at&. a fort for their de^ 
 fence, daring their flay on the ifland, and the ground 
 was accordingly marked out for that purpofe 1 a great 
 number of the natives looking on all the while, and be^ 
 having in the moft peaceaMe and friendly numner. 
 
 Mr. Banks and his friends having feen few h^s and 
 poultry in their walks, they fu^p^ed that they had 
 been driven up the country t fisr which reafon they 
 determined to penetrate into the iVoods. the tent be- 
 ing niarded by a petty oflteer and a psaty of marine*. 
 Oti this excuruon feverai of the natives acconnpaaied 
 the Englifli. While the party were on their march 
 they were alarmed by the difchwge of two pieces fiicd 
 by the guard of the tent. Owhaw havii^ now called 
 togetherthc captain's pun, difpcrfed all the Indian*^ 
 except thice. who in tuk^Q of cheir fidelity bntkt 
 
 bcanchct 
 
 
 % 
 
lu'Mik 
 
 
 U-ii 
 
 l> 'i' 
 
 brmcha of tvtou aceotding to tiMir cuftom, and 
 wiwmttwattlioiightpiwrtoranini. U'hcnthcyre- 
 Aimed to the tent, rhex mind ^t m Indian having 
 fiiatchcd away one of the ccntinWi nwlqtHt*. a young 
 rnkKhipman, who commanded iIm paitjr, wai io im- 
 prudent a» to give die marines oiden ti> fire, whkh 
 were obeyed, and manr of the natives were wounded i 
 but this did not fiitiilythm, u the oRcnder had not 
 Allien, mf thererore^tfiicd him iuML revet^td^ the 
 theft by his death. TwsaAion, which was equally in- 
 eonfiftoit with policy dbbumanity. could not but be 
 very difplcafing to Mr. Banksi but ai what had paflcd 
 could not be recalled, nothing remained but to endea- 
 vour to accommodate matters with the Indii^ni.' Ac- 
 icordingly he croflcd the river, where he met an old 
 Inan, tniough whole medfaition (cveral of the natives 
 were prevailed to come 9ver to them, and to give the 
 uiiial tokens of friMdft^ The next morning, how. 
 ever, they faw but few of the natives on the banks, 
 •nd none came on board, from v^nce it was con- 
 duded that the treatment thry had received the former 
 day was not yet foigottcn, and the Englifh were con- 
 firmed in this opinion tw Owhaw's having lel't them. 
 In confcqucncc of thele circumftanccs, the capuin 
 brought the (hip nearer to the Ihorc, and moored her 
 in fu'ch a manner as to make her broad-lide bear on the 
 foot which they had marked out for creding their little 
 fortification. But in the evening the captain and feme 
 of tnc eentlcmen going on (horc, the Indians came 
 found tnem, and traiikked with tliem as ufual. 
 . Mr. Banks on the 1 7th, had the misfortune to lofe 
 Mr. Buchan. The fame day they received a vifit from 
 Tubourai Tamaide, and i'ootahah. They brought with 
 them fome plantain branches, and till thefe were re- 
 ceived, they would not venture on board. They bar- 
 tered feme brcad<.fruit and a hog which was ready 
 fireifed, for nails,,with the Englilh. 
 : The fort began to be eredlcd on the 1 8th. And now 
 fome of the compsuiy were employed in throwing up 
 intrenchnnents, whilfl others were buficd in cutting 
 lifcinesandpicketB,,inwhich>work the Indians aflifted 
 them. They fortified three fides of the place, with in- 
 trenchmcnts, and pallifadoes, and upon the other which 
 was flanked by a nvcr, where a breafl-work was formed 
 by the water'^caflcs. The natives brought down fuch 
 9ii..ntities of biead-fifuit and cocoa-nuu this day, that 
 it wu neccflary to refufe them, and to let them know 
 that none would be wanting for two days. Mr. Banks 
 fkpt for the firft time on flwre this night. None of the 
 (ndians attempted to approach his tent, he had how- 
 ever taken the precaution of placing ccntinels about it, 
 for its defence, in cafe an^ attack fitould be mediut'ed. 
 . Tubourai Tamaide vifited Mr. Banks at his tent on 
 Wcdncfday the 19th, and brought with him his wife 
 and family, with the materials tor crctfling a houfe, in.> 
 tending to build it near the fort. He afterwards alked 
 that gentleman to accompany him to the woods. On 
 rhfiii^inrival at a place where he fometimes refided. he 
 prefffKed his guefis with two garments, one of which 
 
 . ym$ cif red cloth, and the other was made of fine mau 
 mgl biving thus clothed Mr. Banks, he condu&ed 
 bm< to the mjp. and ftaid to dinner with his wife and 
 fim< Thgf had a difh fcrved up that day, which was 
 p r ep are d b^the aQ«Hlants of Tubourai Tamaide, which 
 ietm^ li|K irheetfloiir, and being mixed with cocoa- 
 nut liqiMWf it WM fUntd about till it became a jelly. 
 Its flavour «u fbmething like blanC mai^. A fort of 
 market wes now e&ablifMd without the lines of the fort, 
 jwhich wM.ttdaably well fupplied, and Tubourai Ta- 
 mwde was a fi«|uenc giicn to Mr4 Banks, and the, 
 other Eiwlifb gentlcoien, He was the only native that 
 
 y xtaanpun to ule a knife andinck, being fond of adippt- 
 ii« European manten. ■ Mr. Monkhmife thefui|^Ban 
 Mnft abroad on>taeven^g mtik, tmnttei that he 
 had'Siea the body of rp^ who had been fhot fiom 
 tlKHeat, of which he give^difeliHIowinK tKXQunt.<-«f~ 
 Mflie cofpfi; «ias dcpofit^ ta^ dole to the 
 
 houfe where the :deceali9d hafflriided when he was 
 eftve, and others were Within ten yaidi pf it. It was 
 •bout fifteen feet in length, and eleven in breadth, and 
 ■4 
 
 theheighngaspropoitiotiibte. llMlMiAMleMCnri 
 were iictiAd with f fiiA tf wMm tNnki the echer 
 end »<« M^ *p«n. the Mrif «« hier. tS 
 fame of wMgHmu of ««i4 %np«mdlir p^ tet 
 Ave feet high»^4(i4 was coveted wfthji met^ovw wUdl 
 laye:whiie«laih»hythelUeofitIav« wiodmmZ 
 and towanh the head two cocoa fhelis» t&nt£^ 
 feet jras * Iwnth of gieen leave*, and fmalilffor 
 bougha tied lagether, and fhick in the ground, nMr 
 which Was a fhme about the flze of a cocoa.nutt heM 
 were «lfo iMaccd a ywing plantain tne, and a fleae 
 •xe. A great manv pahn nuts were hung in flrimra at 
 theopcn endofthefhedt.aiKl thefliemofa palm- 
 tree was Auck upon the outfide of It, upon which wee 
 pisced a epcon-diell filled with water. Tt the fide of 
 one of the pells there hung a little bag with fome 
 roaftcd pieces of bread-fhiit." The natives were •« 
 pleafcd at his approaching the body, their jeaieufy apu . 
 peanng plainly in their ceurttenaacesend gcftuics/ ' 
 ^ On the aid we were entertained by fome of the mu- 
 fKians of the country, who performed on an infiru. 
 ment fome>hat refcmUing a german flute, biK the 
 performer blew through his nofh-il inllMd of hie 
 mouth, and others accompanied this inflrum^nt, finir* 
 irig only one tune. Some of the Indians brought their 
 axes to grind and repair, mofl of which theyfiad ob- 
 Uincd from Captain Wallia and his people in the Do|. 
 phin» but a French one occafioned a little/peculation, 
 and at length upon enquiry, it appealed to have been 
 left here by M.de Bougainville. 
 
 On the »4th Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander made aa ^j 
 exeurfion into the country, aiid found it level and firr. 
 tile along the fhore, for about two miles to the caft- 
 ward I alter which the hills reached quite to the wa- 
 ter's edges and farther on they ran out into the fea. 
 Having palTed thefe hills, which continued about three 
 miles, we came to an cxfenfive plain, abdunding with 
 good habitations, and the people fcemed to enjoy a 
 confiderable Ihare of property. The place wu tender- 
 ed ftill more agreeable by a wide river iffuing from a 
 valley, and which warered it. We crolfed this river, 
 when perceiving the country to be barren, we icfolved 
 to return. Juffas we were about fb to do^ we were of:. 
 fercd fome reftefhment bf a mei^ which fome writers 
 have exprsfled to be « mixture of many natkms, but 
 different fn n all, his fkin being of a dead ..white* 
 though fome para of his body were not fe white aa 
 others I and his hair, eyerbrows and beard were Jis 
 white as his fkin. His ores appeared like thole that 
 are blood-fiwt, and he feemed as if he was near- 
 fighted. Upon our netiim. the excefRve joy of Tu- 
 bourai Tanuide and his womfn is noc to be cx« 
 preflcd. 
 
 . Oi the a jt|. in the evening, feveral of the gentle. 
 m«oaicnivesbdngmifIiin, Mr. Banks, who had loft 
 his ameqg the reft, accufcd Tubourai Tamaide of hav. 
 ing takto it, which as he was innocent, occafioncd him 
 a great deal of unmerited anxiety. He made ftgns, 
 while the tern ftattcd from his eyes, that if he had 
 ever beenmiiity of fuch a theifras was imputed to him, 
 he wouldTuficT his duoat Go be cut. But though he 
 was innocent, it was plain, from many inftances, that 
 the natives of this ifland were very much addiAed to 
 thieving: though Mr. Banksi fervent had miflaid the 
 knife mqueftkm, yet the reft were produced in a rag, 
 I^OMOf thejsativea^ • 
 
 Wlin thegupon the a^rh, which were fix fwiveb, ' 
 had^im moOiiied on die fort, the Indians feemed to 
 be idi|rcat troiAk jui|l feveral of the fiflierincn re- 
 nnove^ttaringtifiMthftanding all the marks of friend- 
 ftup tmt hadoeeH fhewnto them byiour people, they 
 ftKHdidt.withina.finr.deyi. be fired.it from the fort', 
 ya^ next day, being the 37th, Tiibourai Tamaide 
 camejriththRe vpKn, andA^nd of his, who was a 
 reinark|bleghittofi,>j|it9the fiMt.a> dine wfth us, and 
 after; dinner r9i»iie4«». his own; hwife in the wood. 
 Ihft fhoft titioifte^JtieeflieMdtto c^lain to Mr. 
 JlanlHk of 4 biifdK% who M threatened!^ w cut hia 
 wife's throat, beoMife ftie wtiukL hot barter a ftone 
 hatchet for a nail. 1. appearing dcariy that the offen- 
 der 
 
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nHh^ ly 
 
 der hmi infringed one of the ruin enjoined by the Cap- 
 tain for trading with the natives, he wai Hoggrd on 
 boanl in their fiKht. When the (iril ftroke had hern 
 Kiven, they were humane enou^^h to interfere, and in- 
 tteated earneOly that the culprit might be untied i but 
 when thii favour irai denied them, they (hewed ftrong 
 flgnj orconcern, and hurO into teari. 
 
 On the aSth, Terapo, one of Tabourai Tamiidc'* 
 female attendant*, came down to the fort in the grcnti-n 
 afflidlion, the team gufbing from her eye*. Mr. Uanki 
 feeing her full of lamentation and rnrrnw, inliHed upon 
 knowing the caufe, but inftead of anfwrrini^, Hic flriK k 
 herfclf Tcveral timet with a fliark's tooth upon hir 
 head, till an cHulion of blood tbilowed, wnilc her 
 diUieft was difregarded by fevcral other Indian*, who 
 continued laughing and talking with the utinolt un- 
 concern. Alter this, (he gathered up fonie pirc cs of 
 cloth, which (he had thrown down to catch the blood, 
 and threw them into the fea, at if (he wilhed to prevent 
 the lea(\ trarc and mark of her abfitrd behaviour. 
 She then bathed in the river, and with remarkable 
 chearfulnefs returned to the tent, as if nothing cxirn- 
 ordinary had happened. l'Urin|( the forenoon of thin 
 day, the Indian canoes were contintully coming in, and 
 people of both fexes filled the tents of the Ibrt. Mr. 
 Molineux, inafler of the Endeavour, feeing a woman 
 whofe name was Obcrra, he declared (he was the lame 
 perfon, whom he jiidj^ed to be the queen of the idand, 
 when he was there with Captain Wallis. The eyes of 
 every one were now (ixcd on her, of whom fo much 
 had been faid by the crew of the Dolphin, and in the 
 account given of her by the captain. With regard to 
 her perfon. (lie was tall, and rather large nvidc; (he was 
 about forty year* of age, her (kin white, and her eyes 
 had great cxprellion in them : (he had been handfome. 
 but her beauty was now upon the decline. It was not 
 long before an offer was made to conduct heron board 
 tSc Ihip, which (lie accepted. Many prefents were 
 Jtwde her, t^Tticularly a child's doll, which (he viewed 
 veiy attentively, Captain Cook accompanied her on 
 fhore, and when we landed, fhc prcfcnted him with 
 a hog and fomc plantains, in return for his prefents, 
 which were carried to the fort in proccdion, Olicrea and 
 the Captain bringing up the rear. In the way they met 
 Tootahah, who, though not king, fermcd to be at this 
 time inveded with fovereign authority. Envy is found 
 among thofc who arc fuppofed to be the children ot 
 fimple nature. Her infliicnce was plainly vilible in a 
 matter which to us was rather a fubjecl of laughter 
 than of feriout conlideration. Tootahah no fooner faw 
 the doll, than he difcovered (Irong fymptoms of jea- 
 ItHify, nor could any method be found of conciliating 
 his friendlhip, but that of complimenting him with a 
 baby alfo. A doll was now preferable to a hatchet ; 
 bu: a very (hort time taught the Indian* the fuperior 
 valueofiron, which, on account of it« ufefulnefs, pre- 
 vailed over every other confideration. To fuch of the 
 men who came from time to time on board, the (hip's 
 provifions feemed to be very acceptable, but the wo- 
 >nen d:d not chufe to uHc themj and though they were 
 courted to dine with our gentlemen, yet. for reafons 
 knowtj only to thcmfclvei. they preferred the eating of 
 plantains with the fervants. 
 
 On the 29th, near noon, Mr. Banks paid a vifit to 
 Oberea. but was informed that (he was afleep under 
 the awning of her canoe; and, going to call her up. 
 was furpnzed at finding her in bed with a young fellow 
 of about twenty, five years of age, a difcovery which 
 caufcd him to retire rather difconccrted; but he foon 
 untlerftood that a commerce of this kind was by no 
 means confidered as fcandalous, the ladies frequently 
 courting the men to amorous dalliance, of which they 
 made no fecrett and as to young Obadee, found in 
 bed with the queen, he was wdl known by every one 
 to be the objed of her lafcivious houre. The queen 
 foon got. up, and drelfed herfelf to wait upon Mr. 
 
 ™!\^ wdafter having, as'a tokeii'of her pTrticXr 
 
 Sd tSL?" » ""u" "^^ °f 1"' '^'"'h, they ore. 
 ^ecded together to the tents. In the evening 
 
 ^nksvifitcdTubouraiTamaide. '• '^ 
 
 cloth, they pro- 
 
 the evening Mr. 
 
 He was aAonifhed 
 
 'l-lvcs 
 
 tr fi 
 1 at 
 
 luUr 
 
 ■ 'WO 
 
 ind 
 
 to find this c hu faiul hi* family in tears,, and not being 
 tble todifcover the iauCe, he foon took leave of thein- 
 Upon hit return the ofTicers toUl him, that Owluw had 
 foretold, that the giint would be tii<>l with '1 four 
 d.iyt. and at thit wai the eve of the Ihul dn they 
 were alarmed at the (ituation they judg'd 
 to be in. At we were apprchenlivr of ill i yi 
 from this pre|H>(rc(Ilon, the ccntincU \\<rc (.\". 
 the fort, and we thought it neccll'ary tu keep 
 armii but Mr. Banks walking round the point .1 
 in the morning, and finding nothing that might 
 to encourage hit fufpicions, he dropped tlum, 
 relied fccuie in the (ort. 'i'his our little tortiluai''!) 
 was now complete. A bank of earth (bur (cct and an 
 halfhi)i;h on the inlide, and a ditch without ten feet 
 broad and (ix deep, formed the horth and fouth liilcs. 
 On the weft, oppolite the bav, was another bank (uith 
 pallifadoc* upon it) (our fret high; but a ditch was un* 
 iieicfTary, the works being at high- water mark. Upoi^ 
 
 ithe river's bank, on the eall lidc, was a range of water. 
 ' alks, filled with water, riiis being thoiiglit the weakell 
 liiie, we planted two (our poumlers, and mounted (ix 
 Iwivel guns, which commanded the only two avenues 
 from the woods. We had about forty-five men in this 
 Ibrt, including the ollicers, .ind other geiulcincn who 
 relided on Ihore. 
 
 On the joth, Tomio came in great haftc to our tents, 
 and taking Mr. Banks bv the arm, told hini, that Tu- 
 bouiai Taniaidc was dying, owing to foincwhat that 
 had ken given him by our people, and intreated him 
 iiillantly to go to him. Accordingly Mr. Banks went, 
 and (bund the Indian very (Ick. He had been vomit- 
 ing, and had thrown up a leaf, which they faid con- 
 tained fomc of the poifon. Mr. Banks having exa- 
 mined the leaf, tiiund it was nothing but tobacco, 
 which the Indinn had begged of fomc of the Ihip's com- 
 pany. 
 
 1 he matter, however, appeared in a very feriouj 
 light to Tubourai Tamaide, who really concluded from 
 the violent fickncfs he fuHcrcd, that he had fwallowcd 
 fomc dcidly drug, the terror of which no doubt contri- 
 buted to make him yet more fick. While Mr. Banks 
 was examining the leaf, he looked up to him, as if he 
 had been jult on the ()oint of death. But when the na- 
 ture of this dreadful poifon was found out, he only or- 
 dered him to drink of cocoa-nut milk, which foon re- 
 llored him to health, and he was as chearfiil as before 
 the accident happened. Thefe people feemed in parti- 
 cular inltances to be fomctimes ftrangely affliiiUd from 
 flight caufes. ' 
 
 On the 1 1\ of May, Captain Cook having produced 
 an iron adze, which was made in imitation of the (lone 
 ones ufed by the natives, (hewed it to Tootahah, as a 
 curiofity. The latter fnatched it up and infilled on 
 having it ; and though he was offered the choice of 
 any of the articles in the chefts which were opened 
 before him, yet he would not accept of any thing in its 
 ftead. A chief dined with us that day, who had been 
 on board fome time before, accompanied by fomc 
 of his women that ufed to feed him. He now came 
 alone; and when all things were fct ready for dinner, 
 the Captain helped him to fome viduals, fuppoiing 
 that he would have difpenfed with the ceremony of 
 being fed; but he was deceived; for the chief never 
 attempted to eat, and would have gone without his 
 dinner, if one of the fervants had not fed him. The 
 next morning. May 2, we took the aftronomical qua- 
 drant and fome of the indruments on (hore that after- 
 noon ; and to our great furprife, when we wanted to 
 make ufe of the quadrant, the next day, it was not to be 
 found; a matter which was looked upon as the more 
 extraordinary, as a centinel had been placed for the 
 whole night within a few yards of the place where it 
 was depofited. Our own people, at (irft, were fuf- 
 peifted of being concerned m this theft, and, as the 
 inftrument had never been taken out of the cafe, it was 
 fufpedled that fome perliin might have carried it off, 
 under the fuppofition that iu contents were articles 
 ufed in traffic. A ftriftfearch w'as made in and about 
 the fort, and a confidcrable reward ofi<:red in order to 
 E obt^ip 
 
 ■f 
 
 i 
 
 'I 
 
j il 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 K'l 
 
 |l!| 
 
 ( 
 
 
 nbiain it iKiin. But all thii pniving IruitkU, Mr. 
 Banks, arcompanicd by Mr. (trccn ami iuinc other 
 
 Knilemcn, fer out for the wmxti, where they th<Mij?ht 
 ey mitfht nri>bably );et fume tidingi of uhat wu 
 ftolen. In tncir way, they met with Tubourai Ta* 
 tnaidc and Tome of the nativet. Thii chief wm made 
 to undcrOand by flgnt, that they had loft the quadrant, 
 •nd that at fome of hit countrymen muft have taken 
 it, they infifted uiwn being Oicwn the place where it 
 wai concealed. Having pr<Krcdcd a few milei to- 
 
 Sjrthcr, after fnme enquiry, Tubourai Tamaide wai in- 
 ormed who the thief wai, and it was found that he was 
 then at a place about four milci diftant. As they had 
 no arms but a brace of pillols, not caring to truO them- 
 fclvet fo far from the fort, a mclTage wa.i difpatched to 
 Capt. Cook, rcqueninghiinto fenu out a party to fup- 
 port them. The captain accordingly fet out with a 
 
 having laid i 
 
 party properly armed, after having 
 upon all the canoes in the bay. 
 
 an embargo 
 
 In the mean time, Mr. Banks and Mr. Green pro- 
 ceeded on their way, and at the place which had been 
 mentioned, were inrt bv one of Tubourai Tamaidc's 
 own people, bringing with him part of the quadrant t 
 the cafe and tne other parts of the inOrument 
 were recovered f(x>n afterwards, when it was found that 
 it had received no real injury, though it had been taken 
 to pieces. 
 
 When they returned in the evening, they were much 
 furprifed to find Tootahah under confinement in the 
 fort, while a crowd of the nativet furroundcd the gate, 
 difcovcring marks of the greatcll anxiety for the fate of 
 their chief. The occalion of his detention originated 
 from the condud of the Indians : alarmed at Capt. 
 Cook's having gone up the country with an armed 
 party, moft ufthc natives left the fort that evening, and 
 one of the canoes attempted to quit the bay. The 
 lieutenant who commanded on board the fliip, having 
 it in charge not to fuffer any canoe to depart, fcnt a 
 boat to detain her, but (he no fooner approached than 
 the Indiaits jumped into the fca. Tootahah being of 
 the number, was taken up, and fent by the lieutenant 
 to the officer that commanded at the fort, who conclud- 
 ed he (hould do right to detain him prifotier, while the 
 poor chief thought of nothing but being put to death, 
 till Capt. Cook caufcd him to be roturncd, to the great 
 joy of his countrymen. But the natives were ftiH in> 
 cimed to bear this affair in their minds, and as a prtwf 
 of it, they ncgledcd to fupply the market with provi. 
 flons. Mr. Banks walking into the woods, heard 
 great murmurings concerning the treatment of Toota- 
 hah, who, as they faid, had been ill ufed and beaten, 
 though Mr. Banks declared he was quite ignorant of 
 his having received fuch treatment. . 
 
 The chief now fent for fuch hogs to be rcftored as 
 he had left behind him, at firft intending them as a 
 prcfcnt, which by this time, perhaps, he tfid not think 
 the Englilh had inerited ; but they refufed to fend them 
 unlcfs he would come himfelf, thinking by an interview 
 to promote a reconciliation; and this they were the 
 more defirous of, as they were told it would be a fort- 
 night before he would pay them a vifit. 
 
 On the 3d provifiont were extremely fcarce, at the 
 markets continued to be ill fupplied on the account 
 already mentioned 1 and it was not without fome dif- 
 ficulty, that Mr. Banks got a few bafkets of bread-fruit 
 from Tubourai Tamaide. Tootahah on the 4th fent 
 for an axe and a (hirt in return for the hogs, which 
 vcrc accordingly promifcd to be brought him the 
 next day. He lent again early in the morning of the 
 |th, and Mr. Banks and the I>oQor fet out in the pin- 
 nace, uking with them one of Tootahah't people and 
 Coon reached t'parre, where he refidcd, which wai a 
 few miles to the weft ward. When they arrived there, 
 they found a great number of the natives wailing for 
 them on the more, and were, conduced dircdlly to the 
 chief, the people, notwithftanding the offence they had 
 To lately taken, ftiouting out in their language, " Too- 
 tahah is your friend,"*^ He was fitting under a tree, 
 and fome old men were ftanding about him. Having 
 made ligns for them to be featcd. hcalkod Uu tht axe, 
 
 * 
 
 which was then given him by L»\h. Ciwk, n« alio the 
 Ihirt (hat he had ilemamicd, anda hniul-ciwh gsrmcni. 
 which latter he put on, and was well pleafcd wtth the 
 prefcnt. They ate a mouthful together in the b«iai, 
 and were afirrwardt condu<:)ed to a Urge cuurt>ytrii 
 on one fide of the chief's hotife, where they were 10 be 
 entertained with wreftling after the manner of the 
 country. He himfelf fat at the upper end of the area. 
 having fcveral of his principal imn on each (ide of him, 
 who appeared at judges of the fjwrt, which was a« 
 follow: 
 
 Ten or twelve combatants entered the area, and 
 after many (iinple ceremonies of challenging, they 
 engaged, and each endeavoured to throw his untagonift 
 by mcreftrengih: thui they feiicd each other by the 
 hand, or other parts of the body, grapling, without 
 the leaft art, till one, by having a greater hold, or 
 ftrongcr mufcular force, threw his antagonift on hia 
 back. The conqueft wu applauded by the old men 
 with a few words repeated in a kind of tune, and with 
 three huzzas. After one engagement another fuc- 
 ceedcdi but if the combatanit could not throw each 
 other in the fpaceof a minute, they parted, cither bf 
 confent, or the intervention of their friends. Several 
 women of rank in the country uereprefent, but it wa^ 
 thought they only attended thisamufcincnt in compli. 
 menttothc Knglilh gentlemen. A man with a ftick, 
 who made way for us when we landed, ofliciated «« 
 mafter of the ceremonies, keeping order among tho 
 people, and thofe of them wno prelTed forward h« 
 ftruck with hia ftick very fmartly. During thelc athle. 
 tic fporta. another party of men performed a dance, 
 for thefpace of a minute, but neither of thefe parties 
 took the leaft notice of each other, their attention 
 being wholly fixed on their ow n endeavours to picafe 
 and conquer. At the conclufion of this entertainment, 
 not unlike the wreftling-matches of remote antiquity, 
 we were told, that fome hoga, and a large quantity of 
 bread-fruit were preparing for our dinner, very agree* 
 able intelligence to tnofe whofe appetites were fliarpen* 
 cd bv their journey) but our hoft, infteadof letting hia 
 two hogs before us, ordered one of them to be carried 
 into our boat. Here we thought to have enjoyed our 
 good cheer, and yet we neither dined on (hore, nor in 
 the boat, but at the defire of Tubourai Tamaide, pro» 
 ceeded as far as the fhip : no fmall mortification this, 
 ai we had to row tour miles, while our dinner 
 was growing cold : however, we were at laft gratified 
 with our promifcd repaft, of which our chief and hia 
 friends had a liberal fliare. This friendly reconcilia- 
 tion between them and us, operated on the nativca 
 like a charm : for it was no fooner known that Tubou« 
 rai Tamaide was on board, than proviiioni of all kinda 
 were brought to the fort in great plenty. 
 
 On the 8th, earlv in the nnorning, Mr. Molineux, 
 the Mafter, and Mr. Green fet out in the pinnace t» 
 the eaft ward, in order to procnic fome poultry, or hoas. 
 They faw many of the latter, and one turtle, yet could 
 not purchafe either, becaufe they belonged to Tootahah, 
 and without hit perroiifion, the people could not be 
 prevailed upon to Id) them. Hence « e concluded that 
 Toouhah waa indeed • prince 1 and we •ficrwariU 
 learnt, that, in this part of the iftanJ, hr ucted as regent 
 for a minor, whom wc never faw all the time of our 
 ftay here. However, fome time afterwards, having 
 produced fome nails to barter for provifions, we ob- 
 tained near twenty cocoa-nuts^ and fbmc bread-fruit, 
 for one of the fmallcft fize, fo that we foon had plenty 
 of thefe articles, though no hogs. In this cxcurfion 
 Mr. Green imagined he had difcovered a tree fiity 
 yards in circumference; but, on hit return, hewat in* 
 formed by our two gentlemen, that it was a fpecies of 
 the fig, whofe braachet bending down to the earth 
 take frefh root, and thus form a mafaof trunks, whiwH 
 being all united by a common vegetation, might eafiiy 
 be miftaken for one trunk or body. 
 
 On the oth in the forenoon. Oberea paid us a vifir, 
 accompanied by her ikvouritc Obadcc. prcfcnting u«. 
 with a hog and fome bread-fruit. Thii waa the firit 
 vifit w« had rc(*flj,ycd from ihi»l«dy, fmsc the lofa of 
 
•ur autdrtnr, iml ihe confliwmem of Tootihah. Hv 
 Ihii lime our (otm wm f« up ami it work, whuh 
 mlhf&id • new (uWft flf •Anirttlort to the fndufts. 
 Mid to Capt. Cw* M) iAIIflwal oppoftuniiv ol con- 
 knitm oblttni«n» 0" them. *y p«mil«ing ihe fmith. 
 In hii kifuM houn.io «n*trt iheoW 'rop. ^Wf" «hey 
 w«fr flippoM to h«vf pracuivd frwn the IMphin. »n o 
 dlfl^tTlMl* of lOoU. Obent pwduced ii murh okl 
 ifon ttwouM have made Ibr her annther axct ihu fiie 
 icqutAed to have donei Inwrcver the ladv could not he 
 mtlAedtnthit partKular. Hpnn which Jl.c broug»u 
 • broken axe. defiring it might be mended. The axe 
 «aa mended, and to all appcaruKc (he wai content. 
 On their return home, the Indiana took with them the 
 canoe which had lain fame time at the point. 
 
 On the loth we fiiwed, in ground properly preparrd, 
 feedi of mtlona and other planti, but none of the«i 
 came up except munant. Mr. Banki thought the 
 fccda were fpoilcd by a total cxclunon of frclh air. they 
 
 I 
 
 
 having nil been iwt inio fmsll hottto, :iiiil fratcil 'i|t 
 with rofin. We Itamt thit day, ihnt ih^ linliatii nlkd 
 the irtiimJ Olahriie, the n.inie by whu h »c hjv»- dif- 
 llnguiflmt <t; hdi me wcrr not lo liirtiiiuir in tnir fn* 
 deavoirri to teach ihrm ixir natm-ti .ind, .il'tcr ir|<ciuc>l 
 attempt* to proniHintc them, which pnivnl liinilcl''. 
 they had-rerottrfe «t new nnt», the pr<hlui'lMin« ol thnr 
 own invention, (lapr. CotA they named liwcr; Mr. 
 Hicki, Hfte. The mailer they caliiil B(il)«, fi'>Mi hi» 
 rhriftian niifne Robert i Mr. (W, Toarroi IH. Soun- 
 der, TofsiKi > Mr. Banki, Tapnnc i Mr ( ;rpcn, luircc i 
 Mr. Parkinfon, Patani ; Mr. Sjwrint', Polini! ami foon 
 for the grcaic II part of the ftiip'i crew. 1 lufc |urh.ipt, 
 were ficnlficaiit «iirili in their own linmiiLCi ami we 
 are inclined to thii opinion, hccatife Mr. NfAnkhoiirc, 
 who commanded the party that Hint the man lor Heal- 
 ing a miifltet, thry named M.ittc, xihich wai notnierely 
 an arbittary futinJ, but in tluir language it ligiiilied 
 dead. 
 
 C H A P. 
 
 IV. 
 
 /« exiraarJimny v't/if—Divinf fervUfalUndei by the nath'fi of Otaimlt—An uncmmim fight— fiitmrai tmjiJe/Miii 
 
 fuilly of Ibfjl A vijit paid loTtotahah—Farious athe^titres at thai llitw, and •m f\l\.nrdimiry amu/emnil of ibt hdnmt 
 
 '—A relalioHofwhat haf>penfdat iheftrl, while preparalhni tvne nuikiiw lo otfcrve ik' Tnmjit ofl'enm—'Tbe obfervaimt 
 madtuilh rreal /uccefs—A pariiealar account and defcriplion nf an Indian fimnat — An uniifkol cbaratler anmf^ the 
 Indians— A roUfty at tb* fhrt—Spfcimfn of Indian conkery — A narralivr of various incidents — A cncumntrvi^ation of 
 .$bt ijland, and ocenrrfnccs'dunntlhis expedition— A burying- place, and a Moral, or place ofu-or/lii> difribed—An ;«. 
 land expedilMH of Mr. Banks— Preparations made ty the trew of the Endeavour to te,Tve the ijlind of Utabeite — An aC' 
 touHt of the departure of ibc Endeavour, and the btbavioiir of the natives, particularly of Tupia on this occajion. 
 
 ON the I ath of this month (May) an uncommon 
 ceremony waa performed by fomc of the natives. 
 Aa Mr. Bankt wai fitting in hii boat, trading with 
 ihcin at ufual. fome ladiei, who were ftranKeri, ad- 
 vanced in procefllon towards him. The reil of the 
 Indians on each fide gave way and formed a Une for 
 the viritontopaft,whocomingupto Mr. Banks, pre- 
 fcnted him with fome parrots feathers, and various 
 kiiids of plants. Tupia, who Hood by Mr. Batiks, adled 
 *s his mafler of tne ceremonies, and receiving the 
 branches, which were brought at fix different times, 
 hid them down in the bmt. After this fome large 
 bundles of cloth were brought, confining of nine 
 fMcn, which bcimr divided into three parcels, one of 
 the women, called Oorattooa, who appeared to be the 
 principal, ftepping upon one of them, pulled up her 
 eloaihs as hign as her waift, and then, with an air of 
 Mitafle^fted fimplicity, turned round three time*. This 
 ceremony (he repeated, with fimilar circuinftances. on 
 ihe other two tMreels of cloth i and the whole being 
 fhen prefenieo to Mr. Banks, the ladies went and 
 Alutea him i in return for which extraordinary favoun, 
 he made them fuch prefcms a* he thought would beft 
 «leafc them. In the evening the gentlemen of the 
 ibrt were vifhed by Oberea, and Othcorea, her fa- 
 tourite female attendant, who was a very agreeable 
 girl, and whom we were the more pleafed to fee, be- 
 eaufe it had been reported that (be tvas either fick or 
 dicad. 
 
 On the tjth Tubourai Tanuide effintded Mr. Banks 
 by fnitching his gun out of his hand, and firing it in 
 the air ; an a<Siion which alfo much (iirprized that gen- 
 tleman, as he imagined him totally ignorant of the ufe 
 of it. And as the ignorance of the people of thofe 
 countries in regard to this particular. mu(t always caufc 
 iheia to fear their guefls. Mr. Banks therefore made 
 a ferious matter of what, probably, the other meant 
 onlv as a joke, and. not without threats, gave him to 
 unoerftand, th.it for him but to touch the piece was a 
 bigh infuit. The oftcnder made no reply, but fet out 
 immediately, with his family, for Eparrc. Great incon- 
 yeniencc being apprehended from this man, and as in 
 flftony inftanrcs be had been particularly ufeful, Mr. 
 Bank* determined to follow him. He let out the fame 
 evening ftom the Sort, accompanied by Mr.. Molineux. 
 v^^ fouod bimiMhe- middle of alar^ccircle of people. 
 
 the pi(ft"re of extreme grief, which was alfo vifible in 
 the countenances of his artendanta. One ot the women 
 exprclTed her trouble in the fame manner as Tcra()0 
 had done, upon another occafion. Mr. Banks loO no 
 time in endeavouring to put nn end to all animolity. 
 The chief was foothcd into confidence, and, a double 
 canoe beinc got ready, they all returned together to 
 the fort before fuppcr; and as a plcdj^e of finccre re- 
 conciliation, Litn he and his wife paffcd the night in 
 tfxe tent of Mr. Banks. That very night, notwithltand- 
 ing their prefcnce, one of the natives attempted to fcalc 
 the barricadocs of the tort i but, being difcovcred by one 
 of our centinels, he ran away much fallcr that any of 
 our people could follow him. The temptation which 
 caufcd him to attempt what mi^rht have coll him his 
 life was, doubtlcfs, the iron and iron tools which were 
 in ufe at the armourer's forge: incitements to theft 
 which none of the Indians could rclifl. 
 
 On Sunday the 14th, in the morning divine fervice 
 was perforkicd at the fort. We hoped to have had the 
 prefcnce of fome of the Indians, but before the time 
 fixed on for beginning the fervice. molt of them were 
 gone home. Tubourai Tamaidc and his wife were 
 prefent, but though they behaved ith much decency. 
 they made no enquiries with refpe.:t to the ceremonies, 
 anti their brethren were as little inquifitive upon their 
 return. The day thus begun with a(fls of devotion, 
 was concluded with thofe of lewdnefs exhibited among 
 the itatives by way of entertainment. Among the red al 
 young fellow lay publicly with a girl about twelve years 
 .age. in the prefcnce of manyof our pcoplc,and a great 
 I imbcrofthe Indians, without thcleaft lenfeof impro- 
 
 Srietyor indecency. Oberea, and fome women of the 
 r(l rank in the country were fpedlators, who even ravo 
 inftrudions to the girl how to perform her part, wnicb, 
 young as (he was, Icemcd unneccfTary. 
 
 Oh Monday the 1 5th. Tubourai Tamaide wr^s Je- 
 teifled in having committed a theft. Mr. Banks hud 
 a good opinion of this chief, but, when his honehy was 
 put to the te(t, a balket of nails, left in the corner of 
 the tent proved irrefiftible. He confefled the faft 
 of having (lolen four ruiils, but when reftitution 
 was demanded, Tamaide faid the nails were at Eparre. 
 High words palfed on the occafion, and. in the end, 
 the Indian produced one of the nails, and was to be for- 
 giveiT on rcftoring the re^ti but hi* virtue was qpt equal 
 
 10 
 
 
ri I 
 
 l\ >: 
 
 ,'i :t 
 
 I 
 
 h "■ 
 
 i 
 
 V i' 'I 
 
 tothetafk, and he withdrew himfclf, as ufual, when 
 he had committed any oU'encc, At this time our long- 
 boat was To ituich cnten with worms, that it was found 
 ncceflary to give her a new bottom. On examining 
 thepinnace, thinking flic mi<(h( be in the iiimc llatc, 
 we h:id the futi.tt'achon to perceive, that not a worm 
 had touched her. This diftcrcncc in the contrition of 
 the two boats we attributed to tltc ditfcrcnt ingredients 
 with which their bottoms were paid; the long-boat 
 haci been paid with varnilh ot pine, and the pinnace 
 painted with wiutelcad and oil; which laft coating we 
 think to be the mol) eligible for the bottoms -of all 
 boats intended for this part of world. ' 
 
 On tile 2.|.th, Mr. Hicks was fi nt to T(X)tahah. who 
 Uad renxwed from Fparrc to a place called Tettahah. 
 'I'hc chiet having fent fevcral times to rcquclt a vifit 
 from the captain, promifing, at the fame time, tiiat he 
 Mould acknowledge the favour by a prcfeiit of fome 
 hoi>;i, the bufinefs of Mr. flicks was, to obtain, if 
 jv)llible, the hogs, upon ealier terms tbaii the recjuircd 
 vilit. He was rcceiveil in a friendly manner by Ttio- 
 fahah, who, upon his arrival, producul one hog only, 
 but proiiiiled three more that were at a dilbince the 
 next iiiovning. Mr. Hicks waited patiently tilltlic ap- 
 pointed time; but when the morning came, he was 
 ohl'ged to depart with the lingle hog that had been prc- 
 f>.'nted to him. 
 
 On the ajth, Mr. Hanks feeing Tubourai Tamaidc 
 and his wife Tomio at the tent for the firlt time lince 
 the former had been deteckd in iicaling the nails, he 
 endeavoured to {xrrl'u.ule Rim torertorc them, but in 
 vain. As our gentlemen treated him with a relerve and 
 lO'ilnefs which he could not but perceive, his Hay was 
 lliort, and he dtpaitcd in a very abrupt manner; nor 
 could <"ir furgcon the next morning perfuadc to etitcl a 
 recohciiiari n by bringing down the nails. 
 
 On the ;7ih, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solandcr, Captain 
 Gook, aiul lomc tithcrs, fct out in the pinnace to vifir 
 Tootahah, who had again removed to a place called 
 Atah*iurou, fix milts from iiis laft abode ; and not be- 
 ing able togo halfway thither in a boat, it was ahiion 
 evening before we arrived. Wc found the chief, as 
 ufual, iitting untier a tree with a great crowd about 
 hiin. Having made our jircfeius in due form, con- 
 lilHngofa yellow llu ft" petticoat, and other trifling ar- 
 ticles, we weic invited to fuppcr, and to pal's the nigl.t 
 there. Our party conlilUd of fix only; but the place 
 was crowded with a greater number than the houfes and 
 canoes could contain. Among other guefts were Oberca 
 with her train of attendants. Mr. Banks having ac- 
 cepted of a lodging in Oberea's canoe, left his compa- 
 nions in order to retire to reft. Obcrea had the charge 
 of hindoaths; but notwithllanding her care, they were 
 OoLn, as were alfo his piftols, his powder horn, and 
 tcvcr.il other things out of his wailtcoat pockets. An 
 alarm was given to Tootahah, in the next canoe, who 
 went with Oberca in ftarch of the thief, leaving Mr. 
 Banks with only his breeches and wailkcat on, and 
 his niulkct uncharged. They foon returned, but with- 
 out fuccefs. Mr. Banks thought proper to put up with 
 the lofs at prcfent, and retired a fccond time to rci\ ; 
 juft as he had compofed himfelf to flcep, he was. 
 rouzedbyfomc mulic, and obfcrvcd lights at a little 
 diftancc from the Ihorc. He then rofe to go and find 
 his companions. As foon as he approached the lights, 
 he found the hut where Captain Cook and three others 
 cf the gentlemen lay, when he began to relate his mif- 
 adventure to them; they told him m return, that they 
 had loft their llockings and jackets. In clfed Dr. So- 
 landcr, who joined tncm the mxt morning, was the 
 only otw that cfcaped being robbed, and he had flept 
 at a houfcthat was a mile didant. This accident, how- 
 ever, did not prevent Captain Cook, Mr. Banks, and 
 the reft that were at the hut, from attending to the 
 mulic which was a fort of concert called Heiva, and 
 condlkd of drums, flutes, and feveral voices. ITiey 
 retired again to their rcpofe, after this entertainment 
 w,i.s over. 
 
 I'heir cloaths, and the other things w hich had been 
 flolen, were never heard of afterwards, but Mr. Banks 
 
 got fome cloaths from Obcrea, in which he made a 
 whimlical appearance. , 
 
 On the 28th, wc fet out for the boat, having ob- 
 tained only one hog which had been intended for our 
 (up|>er the preceding night ; fo that, all things confu 
 dcred, wc had little reafon to be fatisficd with our ex_ 
 curlion. On our return to the boat, we had a fpecimcfl. 
 ot the agility of the Indian fwimmers, fome of whom,, 
 merely Jor diverfion, fwam in a furf where no Euro-, 
 pean boat could have lived, and where our bcft fwim-i 
 incrs muft have pcrillied, had thev accidentally fallen 
 in with it. 
 
 At thi.s time the preparations were made for viewing 
 the tranfit of Venus, and two parties were fent out 
 to make obfcrvations from dittcrent fpots, that in cafp. • 
 <>« filling on one place, they might fuccced in another. 
 They employed tfienftfclves for lomc time in preparing 
 their inftruments, and inftruding thofe gentlemen whp, 
 were to go out. in the ufe of them ; and on Thurf- 
 day, the hrft of June, they fent the long-boat with Mr. 
 (Jore, Mr. Monkhoufe (the two obfervcrs) and Mr. 
 Sporing, the latter of whom was a friend of Mr. 
 Hink.s, With proper inifruments to Emayo. Others 
 wfre lent to find out a fpot that might anfwer the pur- 
 pofe, at a convenient difiancc from their principal (la- 
 tion. 
 
 The party that went towards Emayo, after rowing 
 the greater part of the night, having hailed a canoe, 
 were informed of a place by the Indians on board, 
 which was judged proper for their obfervatoiy, where 
 they acconiingly fixed their tents. It was a rock 
 that rofe out of the water about 140 yards from the 
 flioie. 
 
 Sauirday the 3d (the day of the tranfit) Mr. Banks, 
 as f-jon as it was light, left th "fi, in order to go and 
 getfrclli prov. lions on the illanc. This gentleman hai 
 the fitiilaction to fee the fun rife witnQut a cloud.. 
 The king, whole name was Tarrao, came to pay him 4 
 vilit, as he was trading with the natives, and brought 
 with him Nuna his filler. As it was culfomary for 
 the people in thefc parts to be fcatcd at their confer^ 
 enccs, Mr. Banks fpread his turban of Indian cloth, 
 which he wore as a hat, upon the ground, on whicl| 
 they all fet dow n. Then a hog and a dog, fome cocoa- 
 nuts, and bread-fiuit were brought, being the king'* 
 prclent, and Mr. Banks fent for an adze, a fliirt, and 
 fome beads, which were prcfcnted to his majefty, who 
 received them with apparent fatisfaction. Tubourai 
 Tamaide, and Tomio, who had gone with Mr. Banks, 
 came from the obfervator) , when Tomio. who was faij 
 to be related to Tarrao, save him a long nail, and left 
 a (hirt as a prefent for Nuna. Afterwards the king, 
 his fifter, and three beautiful young women their at- 
 tendants, returned with Mr. Banks to the obfervatory, 
 w here he Ihewcd them the tranfit of Venus, when that 
 planet was upon the fun, and acquainted them, that tct 
 view it in that fituation was the caufe of his under- 
 taking a voyage to thofe remoter parts. According to 
 this gentleman's account, the produce of this ifland 
 is nearly the fame with that of Otaheite ; the peopl*; 
 alfo rcfembled thofe of that ifland : he had fcen many ' 
 of them upon it who were actiuaintcd with the nature 
 of trading articles. The parties that were fent out t<i 
 tnitkc their obfcrvations on the tranfit, had good fuc- 
 cefs in the undertaking; though they dilfercd rather" 
 more than might have been cxpcded in their account^ 
 ofthcconud. .*! 
 
 i Mr. Green's account wa!s as follows : ,''^ 
 
 Hours. Min. Sec. »- 
 
 The firft external contadl 
 The firft inivinal contact, or 
 
 total cmerfion 
 
 The fecond internal contact, 
 or beginning of the cmer- 
 fion . _ _ 
 
 The fecond external contadl, 
 or total cmerfion 
 
 9 
 9 
 
COOK't FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoverks in the South Stat & Round the ff'or/J. 2 1 
 
 Latitude of the obferatory 17 deg. 29 min. 15 fee. 
 fouth i— longitude, 149 deg. 3a min. 30 fee. weft 
 from Greenwich. 
 
 While the gendemen and officers were bufied in 
 vTfcwii»K the tranfit, feme of the flap's company having 
 broke into the rtore-room, took the liberty of flcahnu 
 a quantity of fpiice-nailf. After a ftrid fearch the thief 
 was found out ; he had, however, but few of the nails 
 in his pofleflion ; but he was ordered to receive two 
 do7cn of laflies, by way of example. 
 
 On the 4th, the two parties fent out to obfervc tlw 
 traniit were abfcnt; on which account we deferred 
 keeping His Majclly's birth-day to the next day, the 
 5th, when wc celebrated the fame, Several of the Indian 
 chiefs partook of our cnte/tainment, and in turn drank 
 His Majefty's health, by the name of Kihia go, the 
 neareft imitation they could produce of Kii^ George. 
 About this time an old female of fome diftindion dy- 
 ing, gave the Knglidi an opportunity of obferving the 
 ceremonies uled oy thefe illanders in difponngof the 
 dead bodies of their people; which, as we have ob- 
 fervcd, they do not diredly bury. The reader has al- 
 ready fcen the defcription of the bier, the placing the 
 bread-fruit, &c. which, according to Tubourai Ta- 
 inaide's account, was a kind of offering to their guds. 
 In the front of the fquare fpace, a fort of ftile was 
 placed, where the relations of the dcceafed flood to give 
 token of their grief. There were un^ler the awning 
 fome pieces of cloth, whereon were the tears and blood 
 of the mourners, who ufed to wound themfelvcs witii 
 a. Ihark's tooth upon thefe occafions. Four temporary 
 houfcs were credled at a fmall diftance, in one of 
 which remained fome of the relations of the deceali:d ; 
 the chief mourner redded in another; and was dreffed 
 in a particular manner, in order Co perform a certain 
 ceremony. When the corpfe is rotten, the bones are 
 buried near the fpot, and thefe places were foimd to 
 anfwer the purpofes of religious worlhip, though Cap- 
 tain Wallis could not perceive the traces of any fuch 
 worfhip among them. Concerning the ceremony *e 
 arc about to fpeak of, the following is the account wc 
 have of it, which may not be unentertaining to the cu- 
 rious reader. It was performed on the ipch, and Mr. 
 Banks was fo defirous of being prefont, that he agreed 
 to take a piirt in it, when he was informed, that he could 
 not be a fpedator on any other condition. He went 
 accordingly in the evening, to the place wh<;re the body 
 was depolitcd, where he was met by th« rdatiofw of the 
 deceafed, and was afterwards joined by ievcral other 
 perfons. Tubourai Tanuide was the pitiiicipaliniourneo 
 whofe drefs was whimfical, though not altogtethor un* 
 graceful. Mr. banks was obligfd.to.()uit his Eurapetn' 
 drefs, and had no other covering than » fmall piece of 
 cloth that was tied nound hjs middle ( hitiboidjr ww 
 blacked over with charcoal and water, t)# were Uw iioi. 
 da of fevcral others, and among them tome femaUi^ 
 who were no more covered than himfclf. The proceC' 
 iion then began, and the chief mourner uttered fome 
 words which were 'judged to be a prayer, when he 
 approached the body* and he repeated thefe words at> 
 he came up to his own howfc. Tbey afterward^ went 
 on, by pcrmifTion, towards the for*. It is ufual for th« 
 reft of the Indians to flign theft proo(ili«ps as much at 
 pofTible; the; accordingly ran into die woods in great 
 na^c, as foi)n as this came in yiow^ From the fort 
 the mourners proceeded alcng the fborcj crofl&d the 
 river, then entered thewevd*,. palling Tcvoflil houCes, 
 which became imniediiMejy uninhabjiiedi and during, 
 the rcl! of thf pi;oi.eflion,'\ybi«h contioaed Stt half an 
 hour, n(« an Indian was-yiiible. Mr. l^anks filled an 
 office that tlicy Ciilled Niniv^h^r and tbcre were two 
 others in ihc fame charader. When none of the 
 other natives were to be feciH they apjirt)a<;htd the chief 
 momncr, filing Imatatai then ijhofe who had, a(ti(t<d 
 at the ceremony bathed iij,thc r|ver, and rcftwimi t^hcir 
 former (Ircfs. Such was this uncommon ceremony, iit i 
 vrhjchMr. Bank* per/ormed a principal parr.mdn- 
 . lived applaufii from Tubourai Tamaide, the thief 
 ^nwrncr. WNwH have intfoduced a«O0QKi(iK&. Iiw- 
 
 iJ*o, 3. ^ 
 
 dians fo tf range a cuftom as that of expoling their dead 
 above ground, till the Hcfb is confunud by putrefac- 
 tion, and then burying the bones, it is perhaps impuf- 
 liblc to, gucfs s nor is it Icfs difllcult to determine, why 
 the repolitorics of their dead fliould be alfo places of 
 worfltip. 
 
 On the 1 2th, the Indians having loft fome of their 
 bows and arrows, and flriiigs of plaited hair, a com- 
 plaint was made to the Captain. The affair was en- 
 quired into, and the fad bf ing well attefted, the of* 
 fenders received each two doten of h«llics. The fame 
 day Tubourai Tamaide brought his bow and arrows, in 
 order to decide a challenge of fliooting betweefi hiin 
 and Mr. Gorci but it appeared they had miftakcn each 
 other, Mr. Cure intending to difcharge his af'row at a 
 mark, while the Indian meant only to try who could 
 Ihoot farthcft. The chi^lcngc was dropped in confe* 
 quencc of the miltakc being difcovcred; but Tubou* 
 rai Tamaide, in order to difplay his (kiWi kneeling 
 down, Ihot an arrow, unfeathered (as they all are) 
 near the fixth part of a mile^ dropping the bow th« 
 inftant the arrow was difcharged. Mr. Banks having 
 this morning met fevcral of the natives, and being in.> 
 formed, that a mulical entertainment was expedcd in 
 the evening, he, and the reft of the Englifh gentlemen, 
 refulved to be prefent at the fame. They went accord 
 ingly, and heard a performance on drums and flutes by 
 a kind of itinerant inuficians The drummers fung to 
 the mufic, and the Englifh were much futprized when 
 they found, that they were the fubjed of their lays. 
 The fongs they therefore concluded to be extemporary 
 cffudons, the rewards whereof were fuch necefTarics ai 
 they required. 
 
 On the 1 4th, in the night, an iron coal rake for the 
 oven was flole; and many other things having at differ- 
 ent times been conveyed away. Captain Cook judged 
 it of fome confequence, to put an end, if poffible, to 
 fuch pradices, by making it their common intereft to 
 prevent it. He had already given ftrid orders, that 
 tlic ccntincia fliould not fire upon the Indians, even if 
 they were deteded in the fad; but many repeated de.» 
 predations determined him to make reprizals. About 
 twcnty-feven of their double canoes with fails wer« 
 jurt arrived, containing cargoes of fifli j thefe the Cap- 
 uin fcized, and then gave notice, that unfefs the rake, 
 and all the other things that had been ftolen, were re.» 
 turned, the vcflels fliould be burnt. The menace pro- 
 duced no other effed than the rcftitution of the lake, 
 all ^hc other things remaining in their pofTeflion. 
 The Captain, howcv«;r, thought fit 16 give up the car- 
 goes, as the innocent natives were in great diftrefs for 
 want of them, and in order to prevent the confuiion 
 aridng from di (puces concerning the property of the 
 diffitrent lots of goods which they had on board. 
 Abpui this time another incident had nearly, notwith- 
 (landing all our caution, embroiled us with the In- 
 d«ns. , The Captain having fent a boat on fliorc to get 
 ballaft, the officer not meeting immediately with what 
 he wanted, began to pull down one of the fcpulchral 
 manfions of the dead ; which (acriiegious ad of vio- 
 lence was immediately oppofcd by the^cnragiid iflandet*j 
 Intelligence of this difpwte being received by Mr. 
 Banks, he went, to the place, aitj a reconciliation was 
 foon cftected, which put an crtd to the difpute, by 
 fending the botK's crew to the river-fide, where a tuU 
 ficjcnt 4u«nti*y of ftones 'vere to be had without a pof- 
 fibiiity of giving offence. ITlis wa» the only inftance 
 iii^which they offifred to oppofe us; and, (except the 
 af^T of i;hp t«rt,r:Which hfcj been relitcd) the only in- 
 fuJt -offered Ut ;\n individual, *as. when Mr. Monk- 
 houfc, the luigcon. took a flowxr from a trOc which 
 grew in one of their fepwlchral inclofurcs. Upon thia 
 occalion, an Indian ca.ne iuridenly bclsind him and 
 if.(u^ )^m Mr. Monikhoufc loid hold of the afTailartt, 
 but.twpof his couWr)iinen refcucdf him, and chcn they 
 all /an off a* fi»rt m they could. 
 
 Oni tlt« 19th. in Hhe ewening, white the canoes were 
 ftjil detiiniid. Oberea ai)d fevcral of her. attendants 
 paid us a vifit. She came from Tootah.nh's palace, in 
 a,4)0Ublg oahoc, and broughtiwitli hot a hog, bread 
 
 i - ,- 
 
 fiuic, 
 
114 
 
 I i 
 
 h, ■!, 
 
 ftuit, and other prefents, among which was a dogt but 
 riot a fingle article of the things that had been floicn : 
 thefc (lie laid had been taken away by her favourite 
 Obadce, whom (he had bc'aten and aifmilTed. She 
 feemed, however, confcious that her ftory did not dc- 
 ferve credit, and appeared at firft much terrified; 
 though fhc furmounted her fears with great fortitude, 
 and wasdelirous of (Iceping with her attendants in Mr. 
 Banks's tent; but this being refufcd, (he was obliged 
 to pafs the night in her canoe. A whole tribe of In- 
 dians would have flept in the bail tent, but were not 
 i>ermittcd. The next morning Oberea returned, put- 
 ting hcrfelf wholly in our power, when we accepted of 
 her prefents, which (lie doubtlefs thought, and juflly 
 ' too, the moft effcdual means to bring about a recon- 
 ciliation. Two of her attendants were very alTiduous 
 in getting themfelves hulbands, in which they Cue* 
 Ciecued, by means of the furgeon and one of the lieute- 
 'nants: they feemed very agreeable till bed-time, and 
 "determined to lie in Mr. Bjinks's tent, which they ac- 
 rcdrdingly did, till the furgcon having (bme words with 
 "one of tfiem, Mr. Banks thruft her out, and (he was 
 ■f'plldwe^ by the reft, except Otea-Tea, who cried fome 
 time, and ihe^n he turned ner out alfo. This had like 
 jo have befoiite a fcrious atTair, a duel being talked of 
 (K-twcen Mr. Banks '>nd Mr. Mbnkhoufe, out it was 
 happily avsidcd. We had been informed, that in this 
 flland dogs were el^cmcd tnore delicate food than 
 pbrk, ai thofe bred by' the natives to be eaten, fed en- 
 tirely upon vegetables. The cxperimcot was tried. Tu- 
 bia undertook to kill and drefs the dos, which he did, 
 Dy making i hole in the ground, and oaking it. We 
 all agreed it was a very good diUi. 
 
 On the lift, we were vifited by many of the natives, 
 who brought with them various prcients. Among the 
 h:ft was a chief, named. Oamo, whom we had not yet 
 Fecn. He had a boy and a young woman with him. 
 The former was carried oh a man's back, which we 
 <onlidered as a piece of ftate, for he was well able to 
 \«-.^1k. Oberea and fome of the Indians went from the 
 fort to meet them, being bare-headed, and uncovered 
 ;is low as the waift; circumftanccs we had noticed be- 
 fore, and judged them marks of re(pe«5l, which was 
 )jfually (hewn to perfons of high rank. When Oanio 
 entered the tent, the j'oung woman, though feemingly 
 'very curious, could not be prevailed upon to accom- 
 pany hiiti. 'The youth was introduced oy Dr. Solan- 
 dcr, but as foon as the Indians within faw him, they 
 ^ook care to have him very foon (ent out. Our curio- 
 lity being tiikd by thefe circumlbinces, wc made en- 
 ifaky coticerning the ftrangcrs, and were informed, 
 that Oamo was the hu(band of Oberea, but that by mu- 
 tual confent they had been for a conliderable time fe- 
 parated, and the boy and girl were their children. The 
 rormer was called Terridiri: he was heir apparent to 
 the fovercignty of the idahds, and when he had at- 
 tained the' proper age, was to marry his filkr. The 
 f refent fovek'eien, Obtbu, was a minor, and the fon of 
 prince, called Whappai. Whappai, Oamo^ and Too- 
 Uhah, were all brothers; Whappai was the cideft. and 
 Oamo the fecond; wheircfore, Whappai having no child 
 ^Ut Outou, Terridiri was heir to the fovereign^. To us 
 It appeared (Ingular, that a boy (hould reign during the 
 life of his father; but in the iHand of Otancite, a boy 
 (Ucceeds to his father's authority and title as foon as 
 he is born; but' a regent being necc(rary, that office, 
 though eleftive, generally falls upon the father, who 
 holds the reins of government till the child is of age. 
 The reafon that the eledlion had fallen upon Tootahah, 
 ima on account of his warlike exploits among hit bre- 
 Aircn. Oamo was very inquifitive, alking a nuntber 
 df queftions concernii^ the Englifh, by which be ap- 
 
 S' :ared to be a man of underAanding and penetration. 
 c this tinte, a wonun, lianted TecteCi who came from 
 the well of the ifland, prefented to the Capuin an ele- 
 gant ^rment. The ground was a bfiight yellow^ it wasi 
 bbrdered with red, and there weit leveral croflea in t>ie 
 middle of it, whith they ha^ probably Wrncd from th^ 
 French. v 
 
 "^Oh the 23d, intiK motning, ^( 0f QurliM^Mdfl^ 
 
 4 ■ ....'.-.'-•(■-■ 
 
 milling, we enquired tor hmi among the natives, ahd 
 were tokl he was at Eparre, Tootahah 's relidence in tlie 
 wood, and one of the Indians offered to fetch him buck, 
 which he did that evening. On his return he informed 
 us, that he had been taken from the fort, and rarried to 
 the top of the bay by three men, who forced him into 
 a canoe, after having ftrippcd him, and conduced him 
 to fxnrre, where he received fome cioaths from Toe 
 tahah, who endeavoured to prevail on him to continue 
 there. We had reafon to conclude this account true ; 
 for the natives were no fooner acquainted with his it- 
 turn, than they left the fort with precipitation. 
 
 On June the a6th, early in the morning, dipt. Cook 
 fettingout in the pinnace with Mr. Banks, failed to the 
 eaftward with a defign of circumnavigating the ifland. 
 They went on (liorc m the foaenoon. in a dirtrid in the 
 
 Svernment of Ahio, a young chief, who at the tents 
 d frequently been their vifiunt. And here alfo they 
 faw feveral oiher natives whom they knew. Afterwards 
 they proceeded to the harbour where M. Bougainville's 
 vcficl lay, when he came to Otaheite, and were (hewn 
 the watering place, and the fpot where he pitched his 
 tent. 
 
 COTiing to a large bay, when the Englilh gentlemen 
 mentioned their deiign of going to the other fide, their 
 Indian guide, whofe name was Titubaola, faid he would 
 not accompany them, and alfo endeavoured to diduadc 
 the Captain andJiis people from going; obferving, 
 ", That country was inhabited by people who were not 
 fubje(fl to Tootahah, and who would deltroy them 
 all." Notwithftanding, they refolved to put their de- 
 (ign into execution, loading their pieces with ball ; and 
 at la(t Titubaola ventured to go with them. ILaving 
 rowed till it was dark, they reached a n.irrow idhmus 
 which fevered the illand in two parts, and the(c formed 
 diftindt governments. However, as they had not yet 
 got into the hoftile part of the country, it was thought 
 proper to go on (hore to fpend the night where Ocira- 
 tova, the lady who had paid her compliments in fo ex- 
 traordinary a manner at the fort, provided them with a 
 fupper, and theyprocceded for the other government in 
 the morning. They afterwards landed in the diftri(ft 
 of a chief, called Maraitata, and his father was called 
 Pahairede. The former of thefe names fignifies the 
 burying place of nun, and the other the flofder tf hats. 
 Thefe people gave the Captain a very good reception^ 
 fold them a hog for a hatchet, and furni(hcd them 
 with provifions. A crowd of the natives came round 
 the uiglilh gentlemen, amongft whom however they 
 met only two with whom they were acquainted ; but 
 they faw feveral European commodities, yet they per.* 
 ceived none that came out of the Endeavour. Here they 
 faw two twelve pound (hot, one of which had the king's 
 broad arrow upon it, yet the natives faid they had thciii 
 from M. Bougainville. They afterwards advanced till 
 they reached that diftrid which was under the govern- 
 ment of Waheatua, who had a (on : it waa not known 
 in whofe hands the fovereign power was depofited. 
 There they found a fpacious plain with * river, which 
 th«r were obliged to paft over in a canoe, though the 
 Inaians that followed them fwam over without any dif- 
 ficulty. They proceeded on their journey for a conli- 
 derable way along the (Iiore, till at laft they were met 
 by the chief, who had with him an agreeable woman, of 
 aoout twenty-two yean of age, who was called Tou- 
 didde. Her name was not unknown to the Engli(h, 
 who had often heard of it ; and (he was fuppofed to bear 
 the fame rank here as Oberet bore in the other part of 
 the ifland. The parts through which they now [>aflcd. 
 appealed to be better cultivated than anyolf the reft, ancl 
 the burial places were more in number. They were 
 neat, and ornannented with carvings; and in one a cock 
 was fcen, which was painted with the various colours of 
 the bird. Though the county was apparently fertile, 
 very little bttad-ftuit was to be found here, a nut called 
 Ahee, fumifhing the principal fubfiftcnce of the inha-- 
 biunta. . . 
 
 Beii^ iatigued with their journey, they went on^boanl 
 thetr bap(t,ami ||uidcd in the evening on an ifl»fld which 
 wu aaid JpfM»rei«!. |o ftek. fcr Kfieihmcnt.^ Mr. 
 
 Banks, 
 
cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoverhs in the South Seat & Round the fVor/J. !'■ 
 
 eption, 
 chetn 
 round 
 they 
 but 
 per- 
 they 
 king's 
 " thcin 
 cd till 
 
 met 
 an, of 
 Tou- 
 Kliftt. 
 bear 
 rtof 
 iflcd. 
 ,and 
 were 
 cock 
 iirsof 
 rtilc, 
 ailed 
 inb*-' 
 
 Banks going into the woods for this purpofe, when it 
 was dark could difcover only one houfc, wherein he 
 found fome of the nuts before mentioned, and a little 
 kread-fruit. There was a good harbour in the fouthern 
 part of this ifland, and the furrounding country ap- 
 Mared to be extremely fruitful. Landing at about 
 three miles diftance they found fome of the natives 
 *hom they well knew, yet it was not without difticulty 
 that they obtained a tew cocoa-nuts before they de- 
 paned. When they came a little farther to the eaft- 
 waid. they landed again, and here they were met by 
 Mathiabo, the chief, with whom they were not at all 
 acquainted. He fupplicd them with bread-fruit and 
 cocoa-nuts, and they purchafed a hog of him for a^lafs 
 bottle, which he chofe in preference to all the other 
 articles prtfcntcd before him. A turkey-cock and a 
 goofe were feen here, which were much admired by the 
 lutivcs, and were fuppofed to have been left there by 
 Capt. Wallis's people. They obferved in a houfc near 
 the fame place feveral human jaw-bones, which fcemcd 
 frelh, and had not loft any of the teeth, and were faf- 
 tenedtoa board, of a femicircular figure; but they 
 could not get any information of the caufc of thii ex- 
 traordinary appearance. 
 
 WhcH they left the place, the chief piloted them 
 over the Ihoals. In the evening they opened the bay 
 on the north-weft fide of the idand, which anfwered 
 to that on the fouth-eaft in fuch a rrtanncr as to inter- 
 fed it at the illhniiis. Several Canoes came off here, 
 and fome beautiful women giving tokens that they 
 ihould be glad to fee them on (liore, they readily ac- 
 cepted the invitation They met with a very friendly 
 
 reception from the chief whofe name was Wiverou, 
 who gave diredlions to fome of his people to aflift them 
 in dreifing their provifions, which were now very plen- 
 tiful, and they fuppcd at Wiverou'j houfe in company 
 with Mathiabo. Part of the houfe was allotted for 
 them to llcep in, and foon after fupper they retired to 
 reft. Mathiabo having borrowed a cloak of Mr. Banks, 
 under the notion of ufing it as a coverlet when he lay 
 down, made olF with it without being perceived either 
 by that gentleman or his companions. However, news 
 of the robbery being prcfently brought ""^em by one of 
 the natives, they fet out in purfuit of iMathiabo, but 
 had proceeded only a very little way before they were 
 met by a peribn bringing back the cloak, which this 
 chief had given up rather through fear than from any 
 
 Erinciple of honcfty. On their return they found the 
 oufe entirely dcferted; and, about four in the morn- 
 ing, (he centinel gave the alarm that the boat was 
 miiling. Capuin Cook and Mr. Banks were greatly 
 aftonithed at this account, and ran to the water-fide; 
 but though it was a clear ftar-light morning, no boat 
 was to be feen. Their lituarion was now' extremely dif. 
 agreeable. The party confifted of no more than four, 
 having with them only one mufquet and two pocket 
 piftols, without a fpare bell or a charge of powder. 
 After having remained fome time In a ftate of anxiety, 
 arifing from tbefccircumftances.of which they feared 
 the Indians might take advantage, the boat whicli had 
 been driven away by the tide, returned ; and Mr. Banks 
 and his companions had no fooner break&fted than 
 they departed. This place is fituated on the north 
 fide of Tiarrabou, the fouth-eaft peninfuU of the 
 ifland, about five miles eaft from the ifthmus. with a 
 harbour equal to any in thofe parts. It was fertile and 
 populous, and the inhabinnts every where behaved 
 with ^reat civility. 
 
 The laft diftridl in Tiarrabou, in which they land- 
 ed, was governed by a chief named Omoe. He was 
 then building a houfe, and waa very eameft to pur- 
 ehafe a hatchet, but the gentlemen had not one left. 
 He would not trade for nails, and they embarked, the 
 chief, however, folknving them in his canoe With his 
 wife. They were afterwards taken on board, but when 
 they had failed about a league, defired to be put on 
 ftiore. Their requeft was complied with, when the 
 captain met with romeof Qihoii's people, who brought 
 with them a very laige hog. The chirf agreed t6 ex- 
 change the hogfor an ax* aiicfa nail, and tp bring the 
 
 beafl to the fort. As thie hog was a very fine one, Mr. 
 Banks accepted the offer. Ihfcy faw at this plate one 
 of the Indian Eatuas, a fort of image, maJc of witker- 
 work, which rcfemWed a man in figure; it was near 
 feven feet in height, and waa covered with black and 
 white feathers; on the head were four protuberances, 
 called by the natives Tata ete, that is, little men. 
 Having taken their leave of Omoe, the gentlemen fet 
 out on their return. They wentonftioi? again, after 
 they had rowed a few miles, but faw nothing, except a 
 fepulchral building, which was ornamented in an ex- 
 traordinary manner. The pavement, on which was 
 eredled a pyramid, was very neat; at a finaU diftance 
 there was a ftone image, very uncouthly carved, but 
 which the natives feemed to hold in high eftimation. 
 They paifed through the harbour which was the only 
 one fit for ihipping, on the fouth of Oppurconou, fituate 
 about five miles to the weftward of the ifthmus, be- 
 tween two fmall iflands, not far from the (hore, and 
 within a mile of each other. They were now near the 
 diftridl called Paparra. which was that where Oamo and 
 Oberea governed, and where the travellers intended to 
 fpend the night. But when Mr. Banks and his com- 
 pany landed, about an hour before it was dark, it ap- 
 peared they were both fet out to pay them a viiit at the 
 fort. However, they flcpt at Oberca's houfe, which 
 was neat, though not large, and of which there was no 
 inhabitant but herfiither, whofticwed them much ci- 
 vility. 
 
 Thcytook this opportunity of walking out upon a 
 point upon which they had obferved at a diftance fome 
 trees called Etoa, which ufually grow upon the burial 
 places of thefe iflanders. They call thofc burying 
 grounds Moral. And here Mr. Banks faw a vaft build- 
 ing, which he found to be the Morai of Oamo and 
 Oberea, which was the moft cenfidcrable piece of ar- 
 chitedure in the illand. It confifted of an enormous 
 pile of ftone work, raifed in the form of a pyramid, 
 with a flight of ftepsoneach fide. It was near 270 
 feet long, about one third as wide, and-b^tween 40 and 
 50 feet high. The foundation confifted of rock ftoncs ;' 
 the fteps were of coral, and the upper part was of 
 round pebbles, all of the fame fliapc and lize. The 
 rock and coral-ftones were fquared with the utmolt 
 neatnefs and regularity, and the whole building ap- 
 peared as compad and firm as if it had been ereded oy 
 the beft workmen in Europe. What rendered this laft 
 circumftance the more extraordinary was the confide- 
 ration that when this pile was raifeo, the Indians taxitt 
 have been toully deftitute of iron tools either to (tape 
 their fh)nes or for any other necefTary purpofe, nor ha4 
 they mortar to cement them when made fit tbr ufe ; fp 
 that a ftrufiure of fuch height and magnitude muft 
 have been a work of infinite labour and fatigue. lA 
 thecentre of the fummit was the reprefentatioh of a 
 bird carved in wood ; clofe to this was the figure of a 
 fifti in flene. The pyramid Conftituted part of one lidc 
 of a court or fquare, the fides of whicn were riearlf 
 equal ; and the whole was walled !n, and paved with flic ' 
 ftones; notwithftandlng which pavement, feVcral plah^' 
 tains, and trees which the natives call Etoa, grew within 
 the inclofure. At a fmall diftanCe to thev^ftwardof 
 this edifice was another paved fquare that contained fe« 
 veral fmall ftages, called Ewattas by the natives' ; whicti 
 appeared to be altars, whereon they placed the offerings 
 to their gods. Mr. Banks alterwarcis obferved whole 
 h«^ placed upon thefe ftages or altars. 
 
 On Friday the 30th, they arrived atOtahorou, where 
 they found tiieir old acquaintance Tootahah, who re- 
 ceived them with great civility, and provided them a 
 good fupper and crmvenlcnt lodging; and though they 
 had been fo Ihamcfully plundered the lalt time the* 
 flept with this chief, they fpent the night in the greateft 
 fecurity, none of their cloaths nor any other article be- 
 ing miffing the next nMrning. They returned to the 
 fort at Port Roya?, Harbour on the firn of July, having^ 
 difeovered the ifand, including both peninfulas, to be- 
 about 1 00 mile* in circumference. 
 
 After their return from this tour, they w^ie very 
 much in want of bread-full^ none of whidlHli«^!liad 
 
 bCGR 
 
 i:i 
 
 u 
 
 I 
 
 
 m 
 
1 
 
 lis '^ 
 
 11 1 
 
 111 ^ 
 
 1.4 ' 
 
 f 
 
 I'i 
 
 lit 
 
 been able to provide thcmfclvcs with, as they had (cen 
 but little in the courfc of their journey; but their In- 
 dian friends conting round them, foon fupplied their 
 yiua of provilions. 
 
 On the 3d, Mr. Banks made an cxcurfion, in order 
 to trace the river up the valley to its fourcc, and to re- 
 mark how far the country was inhabited along the 
 banks of it. He took fomc Indian guides with him, 
 and after having feen houfes for about iix miles, they 
 <(ame to one which was faiil to be tiie lad that could be 
 met with. The maftcr prefented them with cocoa- 
 nuts and other fruits, and they proceeded on their 
 VMlk, after a (hort Day. They often palTed through 
 vaults formed by rocky fragments in the courfc of their 
 journey, in which, as they were told, benighted tra- 
 vellers fometimcs took (belter. Purfuing the courfc of 
 t^ river about fix miles farther, they found it banked 
 on both lides by rocki almoft 100 feet in height, and 
 nearly perpendicular; a way, however, might be traced 
 up thcic precipices, along which their Indian guides 
 would have conduded them, but they declined the of- 
 fer, as there did not appear to be any thing at the 
 fummit which could repay them for rhe toil and dan- 
 gers of afcending it. Mr. Banks fought in vain for 
 minerals among the rocks, which were naked almoD 
 on all fides, but no mineral fubftanccs were found. 
 The (tones every where exhibited figns of having been 
 burnt, which wai the cafe of all the (tones that were 
 (bund while they ftaid at Otaheitc, and both there and 
 i|i the neighbouring iHands the traces of fire were evi- 
 dent in the clay upon the hills. On the 4th, a great 
 quantity of the feeds of water-melons, oranges, limes 
 and other plants, brought from Rio de Janeiro, were 
 planed on each fide of the fort, by Mr. Banks, who 
 aUb plentifully fupplied the Indians with them, and 
 filanted many of them in the woods. Some melons, 
 the feeds of which had been fown on the firft arrival of 
 the Englifli at the idand, grew up and flourilhed before 
 they left it. 
 
 By this time they began to think of making prepa- 
 rations to depart ; but Oamo, Oberea, and their fon 
 and daughter vifited them before they were ready to fail. 
 As to the young woman (whofe name was Toimata) 
 (lie was curious to fee the fort, but Oamo would not 
 permit her to enter. The fon of Waheatua, chief of 
 the fouth-ealt pcninfula, was alfo here at the fame time; 
 and they were favoured with the company of the Indian 
 ^vho had been To dextrous as to (leal the quadnuit, as 
 attove related. The carpenters being ordered to take 
 down the gates and palliladoes of the fort, to be con- 
 verted into fire-wood (br the Endeavour, one of the na- 
 t[ve& ftole the (taple and hook of the gate ; he was pur- 
 fued in vain, but the property was afterwards reco- 
 vered, and rcturncJ to the owner* by Tubourai Ta- 
 ivaide, 
 
 , Before their departurr, t)vo circumftanccs happened 
 wjtiich gave Cape Cook (omc ^ncaflQtfs. The lir(t 
 >ws, that two foreign faiiors having been aboard, one 
 (i^them was robbed of his knife, which as he was en- 
 deavouring to recover, he was dangerouHy hurt with a 
 (lone by the natives, and his companion alfo received 
 a night wound in the head. The offenders efcaped, 
 aj\6 the <;apuin was not anxious to have them uken, 
 a|i he did not want to faave any difputes with the In- 
 
 , Iktw^^n the 8th and 9th, two young marines one 
 night withdrew themfelves from the (brt, and in the 
 iijorning were not to be met with. Notice having been 
 given the next day that the (hip would fail that or the 
 rnfuing day ; as they did not return, Capt. Cook began 
 tok be aDprchcnfivc that they dc(igned to remain cr 
 f^rc; but as he was apprifed in fuch a. cafe no 
 cftedlual means could be taken to recover them witlvHit 
 running a rifque of dcltroying the harmony fubfiQing 
 between the Englilh and the natives, be refolved to wait 
 n^y, in hopes of their returning of their own accord. 
 B^it as they were dill mi(ring on the tenth in the morn- 
 ing, an inquiry was made after them, when the Indiana 
 iWclared, that they did not propofc to return, having 
 c)Kcn refuge among the n>Qunt4iiM, whue.it WM Un- 
 2 
 
 fwHiblc for them to be difcovtrcd; and added, tliit 
 each of them had taken a wife. In confcquentc •( 
 this, it was intimated tofcveral of the chiefs, that were 
 in the fort with the women, among whom were 14- 
 bourai I'amaitlc, 1 omio, and Oberfa, that they wouU 
 not be fuHl-red to quit it till the dclcrters were pro. 
 duced. They did not (licw any (Igns of fe;u- or difcon. 
 tent, but allured the captain that the marines fliouU 
 he fent back. In the mean time Mr. Hicks waj dif- 
 patchfd in the pinnace to bring Tootahah on board 
 the fliip, and he executed his comniimon without 
 giving any alarm. Night coming on, Capt. Cuok 
 thought it not prudent to Ivt the people, whom he had 
 detained as hortages, remain at the fort; he therefore 
 gave orders to remove them on board, which grearlv 
 alarmed them all, efpccially the females, who tertified 
 the mo(t gloomy apprehenfions by Hooils of tearsi 
 Capt. Cook efcorted Oberea and others to the (hip; 
 but Mr. Hanks remained on (horc with fome Indians, 
 whom he thought it of lefs importance to detain. In 
 the evening one of the marines was brought back by 
 (bme of the natives, who reported, that the other and 
 two of our men who went to recover them, would be 
 detained while Tootabah was confined. Upon this 
 Mr. Hicks was immediately fent off in the long boat, 
 with a (trong body of men to rcfcue the prifoners; at 
 the fame time the captain told Tootahah, that it was 
 incumbent on him to alTift them with fomc of hir neo. 
 nle. and to give orders in his name, that the men (hould 
 be fet at liberty ; for that he would be expected to 
 anfwer for the event. Tootahah immediately com- 
 plied, and this party releafed the men without any op. 
 pofition. 
 
 On the 1 1 th, alwut fcven in the morning, thev re- 
 turned, but without the arms that had been taken 'from 
 them when they were made prifoners; thcfe, however, 
 being rcftored foon after, the chiefs on board were al- 
 lowed to return, and thofe who had been detained on 
 (liorc were alfo fet at liberty. On examining the de. 
 ferters it appeared, that the Indians had told the truth, 
 they having chofcn two girls, with whom they would 
 have remained in the illand. At thia time the power 
 of Oberea was not Co great as it was when the Dolphin 
 firft difcovcred the ifland. Tupia, whofe name has 
 been often mentioned in this voyage, had been her 
 prime minifter. He was alfo the chief pried, confe- 
 quently, well acquainted with the religion of the coun. 
 try. He had a knowledge of navigation, and was tho. 
 roughly acquainted with the nt-mber, fituation, and 
 inhabitants of the adjacent ifiands. This chief had 
 •ften cxprelTed a defire to go with us when we conti. 
 nued our voyage. 
 
 On the 1 2th in the morning he came on board, with 
 a boy about twelve years of age, his fervant, named 
 Taiyota, and rcquefled the gentlemen on board, to let 
 him go with him. As- we thought he would be ufefut 
 to us in many particulars, we unanimoufly agcccd to 
 comply with his requed. Tupia then went on iliore 
 for the lad time to bid farewell to his friends, to whom 
 he gave feveral baubles as parting tokens of remem- 
 brance. 
 
 Mr. Banks, after dinner, being willing to obtain a 
 ({rawing of th9 Moiili, which Tootahah had in his 
 poU'efTion at Eparre, Capt. Cook accompanied hicn 
 thither in the pinnace, together with Dr. Solandcr. 
 They immediately upon landing repaired to Tootahah's 
 houle, where they were met oy Oberea and feverai 
 others. A general good un^^erdanding prevailed; 
 Tupia came back with them, atw' they promilcd to vifit 
 the gentlemen early the next day, as they were told the 
 Clip would then fail. 
 
 On the 13th thcfe friendly people came very early 
 on board, and the fliip was lurrounded with a viift 
 number of canoes, filled with IndiaiM of the lower fort. 
 Between eleven and twelve we weighed anchor; and 
 notwithdanding all the little mifunderdandings be- 
 tween the Engli(h and the natives, ihe latter, who 
 poirclfod a great fund of good nature and much fen- 
 (ibility, tow their leave, weeping in an afii»ftionate 
 manner. As to Tupia. he fupportcd himfelf through 
 
 this 
 
 
 !» 
 
 > 
 
;:^ii| 
 
 Hi I 
 
'J**"!' 
 
 ii in 
 
 I 
 
 
 IpCi 
 
 E ,* 
 
 i PI 
 
 ''*vMiibi 
 
 «Nli 
 
 s 
 
 J- k 
 
~ ^ i..»„n,ina fnrtitude. ^fcirsflowcd II with Mr. B inks to the maft- head, and waving his hand 
 
 this f«ncw.th a becoming fort^^^^^^^ took a laft farewell of his country. Thus we departed 
 
 J^^nTeauSm d^htrali a^^^^^^^^ Hr -vent l| from Otaheitc, after a ftay of jud three monthS. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 V/ 
 
 . ,.« • I J J A,;*»;.i* arraunt of Otahtite^Of the ijland and its produHions — Of the inhabitant i — their drefi-— 
 monies— and government. 
 
 TfcOHT Roval bay, in the ifland of Otaheitc. as 
 P fSllcd by captin Wallis. we found to be w.thm 
 fialf a dejrree of its real Ctuation ; and point Venus, the 
 northcS^eitremity of this iOand. anJl the eattern pa.t 
 of the bay. lies in 149 dcg. 30 """• Ipnguude. A 
 Jcef of coral rock furround, the iQand, forming fe- 
 veral excellent bays, among which, and equal to the 
 Sft of them, is I'ort Royal. This bay, called by the 
 Natives Matavai. may eafily be d>fcovered by a rcrna k- 
 able high mounta n in the center of the ifland, bearing 
 Sue fouth from point Venus. To fail into it, either 
 Sep the weft point of the reef that lies before Point 
 Venus, clofe on board, or give it a birth of near halt 
 a mile, in order to avoid a fmall Ihoal of coral rocks, 
 whereon there is but two fathom and an halt ot wa- 
 ter. 1 he moft proper ground for anchoring is on the 
 eaftern fide of the bay. The (hore is a fine fandy beach, 
 behind which runs a river of frefli water, very conve- 
 nient for a fleet of (hips. The only wood for firing 
 upon the whole ifland is that of fruit trees, whicli mult 
 be purchafed of the natives, or it is impofliblc to live 
 on friendly terms with them. The face ot the coun- 
 try is very uneven. It rifes in ridgesthat run up into 
 the middle of the ifland, where they form mauntams 
 which may be fecn at the diftance of fixty miles. Be- 
 tween thefe ridges and the fea is a border of low land 
 of diflcrent breadths in different parts, but not exceed- 
 ing any where a mile and -^If. The foil being wa- 
 tered by a number of exct .t rivulets, is extremely 
 fertUc, and covered with various kinds of fruit trees, 
 which form almoft one continued wood. Even the 
 tops of the ridges are not without their produce in 
 feme parts. The only parts of the ifland that are in- 
 habited, are the low lands, lying between the foot of 
 the ridges and the fea. The houfes do not form vil- 
 lages, but are ranged along the whole border, at about 
 fifty yards diftant from each other. Before them are 
 little groups of the plantain trees, which furnifli them 
 with cloth. According to Tupia's account, this ifl-nd 
 could furnifli above fix thoufand fighting men. The 
 produce is bread-fruit, cocoa nuts, bananas, fweet po- 
 tatoes, yams, jambu, a delicious fruit, fugar-cane, the 
 paper mulberry, feveral forts of figs, with many other 
 plants and trees, all which the earth produces fponta- 
 neoufly, or with little culture. But here are no Eu- 
 ropean fruit, garden-ftuff, pulfe, nor grain of any kind. 
 The tame animals are hogs, dogs, and poultiy; tfie 
 wild ducks, pigeons, parroquets, andafewother birds. 
 The only quadrpueds are rats, and not a ferpent is to 
 be found. In the fea is a great variety of excellent fifli, 
 which conflitutes their chief luxury, and to catch it 
 their chief employment. 
 
 The people in general are of a larger make than the 
 Euiopeans. The males are mofHy taU, robuft, and 
 finely fliapcd; the women of the higher clafs above 
 the fize of our Englifli ladies, but thofe of inferior 
 rank are below our Itandard, and fome of them very 
 
 ihort. Their natural complexion is a fine clear olive, 
 or what wc call a brunette, their fluxn delicately fmooth 
 and agreeably foft. Their faces in general arc hand- 
 fome, and their eyes full of fcnhbiiicy. Their teeth 
 are remarkably white and regular, their hair for the 
 molt part black, and their breath is entirely free from 
 any difagreeable fmell. The men, unlike the original 
 inhabitants of America, have long beards, which'they 
 wear in various ftiapes. Circumcifion is generally prac- 
 tiled among them from a motive of cleanlineis, and 
 they have a term of reproach with which they upbraid 
 thofe who do not adopt this cuflom. Both fcxes al- 
 ways eradicate the hair from their arm-pits, and they 
 reproached our gentlemen with want of cleanlincfs: 
 their motions are eafy and graceful, and their behavi- 
 our, when unprovoked, affable and courteous. Con- 
 trary to thecuflom of moft other nations, the women 
 of this country cut their hair fliort, whereas the men 
 wear it long, fomctimes hanging loofc upon their 
 flioutders, at other times tied in a knot on the crown 
 of the head in which they jtick the feathers of biids 
 of various colours. A piece of cloth of the manu- 
 fafturi. v)f the country, is frequently tied round thehcad 
 of both fexes in the manner of a turban, and the wo- 
 men plait very curioufly human hair into long ftrings, 
 which being folded into branches, are tied on their 
 foreheads by way of ornament. They have a cuftom 
 prad^ifed in many hot countries, of anointing their 
 hair with cocoa-nut oil, the fmell of which is not very 
 agreeable. Having, among their various inventions 
 no forts of combs, they were infcfted with vermin, 
 which they quickly got rid of when furniflied with 
 thofe convenient inftruments. 
 
 They ftain their bodies by indenting or pricking the 
 flefli with a fmall inftrument made of bone, cut into 
 fhort teeth, which indentures they fill with a dark blue 
 or blackifli mixture, prepared from the fmoke of an 
 oily nut (burnt by them inllead of candles) and water. 
 This operation, called by the natives Tattao\ving,iscx- 
 ceedingly painfui, and leaves an indelible mark on the 
 flcin. It is ufualiy performed when they arc about 
 ten or twelve years of age, and on different parts ot the 
 body ; but thofe which fuffer moft feverely are the 
 breech and the loins, which are marked with arches, 
 carried one above another a confiderable way up the 
 back. Mr. Banks was prefent at an operation of tat- 
 taowing, performed upon the pofteriors of a girl about 
 twelve years old. It was executed with an inftrument 
 that had twenty teeth, and at each ftroke, which was re- 
 peated every moment, ferum mixed with blood iffued. 
 She bore the pain with great refolution for feveral mi- 
 nutes; but at length it became fo intolerable, that flic 
 murmured and burft into moft violent lamentations j 
 but her operator was inexorable, whilft fome females 
 prefent both chid and beat her. Mr. Banks was a 
 fpedtator for near an hour, during which time one fide 
 only was tattaowed, the other having undergone the 
 
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 loins, which arc the moft painful, but which they mod 
 value, were yet to be made. 
 
 They cloath thcmfclves in cloth and matting of va- 
 rious i(inds: the firil they wear in fine, the latter in 
 vtet weather. Thcfc are in diflercnt forms, no (hapc 
 beinpr prci'erved in the pieces, nor are they fewcd to- 
 gether. The wonirn of a fuperior clafs wear three 
 or four pieces. One, which is of confiderable length, 
 they wrap leveral times round their waill, and it fills 
 down to the middle of the leg. Two or three other 
 ihort pieces, with a hole cut in the middle of each, are 
 placed on one another, and their heads coming through 
 ti'C holes, the long ends hang before and behind, both 
 fides being open, by which means they have the free 
 lift of then- arms. 
 
 The mensdrefs is very Hmilar, differing only in this 
 iullance, that one part of the garment inftead of falling 
 below the knees is brought between the legs. This 
 drefs is worn by all ranks of people, the only diftin^ion 
 being quantity in the fuperior clafs. At noon both 
 fexes appear almoft naked, wearing only a piece of 
 cloth that is tied round the waid. Their faces arc 
 fhadedfrom the fun with fmall bonnets, madeof cocoa- 
 nut leaves or matting, which are conilrucled in a few 
 minutes. The men fumetimcs wear a fort of wig of 
 human or dog's hair, or of cocoa-nut flrings, woven on 
 a fingle thread, faftened under the hair, and hanging 
 down behind. Both men and women wore ear- rings on 
 one fide, confining of (helk, ilones, berries, or Iniall 
 pearls; but they foon gave the preference to the beads 
 brought by the Endeavour's company. The boys and 
 girls go quite naked ; the firft till they are feven or 
 eight years old ; the latter till they are about five. 
 
 The natives of Otaheite feldom ufe their houfes but 
 to fleep in, or to avoid the rain, as they cat in the open 
 air, under the ihade of a tree. In thole there are no 
 divifions or apartments. Their cloaths fcrve them for 
 covering in the night. The mafier and his wife repofe 
 in the middle; then the married people; next the un- 
 married females; then the unmarried men; and in fair 
 weather the fcrvants fleep in ihc open air. The houles 
 of the chiefs, however, difier in fome particulars. 
 There arc thofc that are vei y finull, and fo conllruAed 
 as to be carried in canoes : all fides of them are inclofed 
 with the leaves of the cocoa-nut; the air.neverthelefs 
 penetrates. In thefe the chief and his wife only fleep. 
 \Ve likewife faw houfes that are general receptacles for 
 the inhabitants of a difirid, many of them being more 
 than 200 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 70 or 80 
 feet high. They are confirucled at the common ex- 
 pence, and have an area on one fide, furrounded with 
 lov/ palifadocs ; but like the others without walls. 
 
 Their cookery confifis chiefly in baking, the manner 
 of doing which has been before noticed. When a chief 
 kills a hog, which is but feldom, he divides it equally 
 among his vaflals. Dogs and fowls are more common 
 food. When the bread-truit is not in feafon, cocoa- 
 nuts, bananas, plantains, &c. are fubfiituted in its flead. 
 They bake their bread-fruit in a manner which renders 
 it fomewhat like a mealy potatoe. Of this three 
 dilhes are made, by beating them up with bananas, 
 plantains, or four paflc, which is called by them Mahie. 
 
 Sour pafle is made by taking breadfruit not 
 thoroughly ripe, and laying it in heaps covered with 
 leaves, oy which means it fei nients. The core is then 
 taken out, and the fruit put into a hole lined with grals : 
 it is then again covered with leaves, upon which large 
 ftones are placed; this produces a fecond fermentation; 
 afterwhichit grows four, withoutanyotherchangefor 
 ai-long time. They take it from this hole as they nave 
 occafion for it, and make it into balls. It is then rolled 
 up in plantain leaves and baked. As it will keep for 
 fome weeks, they eat it both hot and cold. Such is 
 the food of this people, their fauce to which is only fait 
 water. As to their diink it is generally confined to 
 water, or the milk of the cocoa-nut, thoujgh fome of 
 them would drink To freely of our Englifh liquors as to 
 becomcquiteintoxicated,l'uchinlhnces,however,were 
 occafioned more by ignorance than defign, as they were 
 
 ncvcrknowntoprac'liceadebiuchofthiskindalecou 
 time. We were told, it is true, that their chicis lomc- 
 times became inebriated by drinking the juice ut 4 
 plant called Ava, but of this we faw not a fingle in- 
 Itance during the time wc remained on the iUand. 
 
 The chief eats gencrully alone, unlcCs when vilif.U 
 by a ilrangcr, who is permitted (bmctinics to be his 
 mefs-mate. Not having known the ufe of a tabic, they 
 fit on the ground, and leava of trees Ipread bcloiu 
 them ferve as a table-cloth. Their attendants, who arc 
 numerous, having placed a baflict by the chiefs, con- 
 taining their provilions, anJ cocoa-nut flulls of frcfh 
 and lalt water, fet themlclvcs down around them. 
 They then begin their meals with tl>e ceremony of 
 wafliing their mouths and hands ; after which they eat 
 a handful of bread-fruit and filh, dipt in lalt water 
 alternately, till the whole is confumed, taking a lip of 
 fait water between almoft every morfel. The bread- 
 fruit and filh is fucceeded by a litcond courfe, confining 
 of either plantains or apples, which they never eat 
 without being pared. During this time a loft fluid 
 of pallc is prepuicd from the bread-fruit, which they 
 drink out of cocoa-nut (hells : this concludes the meal ; 
 and their hands and mouths are again walhed as at the 
 beginning. Thefe people eat an afionilhing quantity 
 of food at a meal. Mr. Banks and others law one of 
 them devour three fifti of the iize of a fmall carp, 
 four bread-fruits, as large as a cttmmon melon, thirteen 
 or fourteen plantains feven inches long, and above half 
 as big round ; to all which was added a quart of the 
 pafie by way of drink, to digefl the whole. 
 
 The inhabitants of this lUand, though apparently 
 fond of the plcalures of fociety, have yet an averfion 
 to holding any iniercourfe with each other at their 
 meals ; and they are fo rigid in the obfervation of this 
 cullom, that even brothers and fillers have their feparate 
 baflcels of provifions, and generally fit at the diftance 
 of fome yards when they eat, with their backs to 
 each othtr, and not exchanging a word during the 
 whole time of their repall. The middle aged of fu- 
 perior rank go ufually to fleep after dinner ; but, which 
 is fomewhat remarkable, older people are nut fo in- 
 dolent. 
 
 Mufic, dancing, wreflling, and fliooting with the 
 bow, conflitute the greateil part of their divcrfions. 
 Flutes and drums are the only mufical inftrumenta 
 among them. Their drums are formed of a circular 
 piece of wood, hollow at one end only. Thefe are co- 
 vered with the flun of a fhark, and beaten with the 
 hand inflead of a flick. Their fongs are extempore, 
 and frequently in rhime, but they confift only of two 
 lines ; thefe couplets arc often lung by way of evening 
 amufements, between fun-fet and bed-time ; during 
 which interval they burn candles made of an oily nut, 
 fixing them one above another upon a fmall flick that 
 is run through thv<; middle : fomeof thefe candles will 
 burn a long time, and afford a pretty good light. 
 Among other amufements, they have a dance csuled 
 llmorodee, which is generally performed by ten or a 
 dozen young females, who put themfelves into th« 
 mofl wanton attitudes, keeping time during the per- 
 formance with the greateft nicety and exaelnefi. 
 ut women arc excluded from thefe dances. 
 
 One of the worfl cufloms of the people of Otaheite, 
 is that which feveral of the principal people of the ifland 
 have adopted of uniting in an affociation, wherein no 
 woraan confines herfei? to any particular man, faw 
 which means thev obtain a perpetual fociety. Thel» 
 focieties are called Arreoy. The members have meet- 
 ings where the men amufe themfelves with wreftling,. 
 and the women dance the Timorodec in fuch a man- 
 ner as is mofl likely to excite the defires of the other 
 fex, and which were frequently gratified in the affem- 
 bly. A much worfe praAice is the confequence of 
 this. If any of the women prove with child, thejn- 
 fant is deftroyed, unlefs the mother's natural affe^ion 
 ihould prevail with her to preferve its life, which, 
 however, is forfeited unlefs (he can procure a man 
 to adopt it. And where Ihe fucceeds in this, flie 
 is expelled from the fociety, being called Whan- 
 
 oowoow. 
 
 Vf'fxrrn f* 
 
vini^rounu tlic IVorld. 27 
 
 rcning 
 
 during 
 
 |ly not, 
 
 :k that 
 
 lies will 
 
 lieht. 
 
 cJled 
 
 or a 
 
 ito th« 
 
 ticpcr- 
 
 klnefs. 
 
 i: 
 
 nownow, which figflifien bwrer of children, by way 
 
 Pcrfoaal cIcaDlinef* m much efteemed among there 
 Jndiani. Both fexea are particular in walhing three 
 times aday.vii. when they rire jn the mortilng.at noon, 
 and before they go to reft. They are al (o very cleanly 
 in their cloaths, fo that no dilagr*. ble effluvia are 
 found to arife in the largeft communities. 
 ' Cloth if the chief nunufa^ure of Otaheite, and of 
 this there are three (brts, all which arc made out of the 
 bark of different trees, namely themulberry, the breads 
 fruit, and a tree which bears fome rcfemblancc to the 
 'Weft-Indian wild fig-tree. The firft of thefc produces 
 "the fineft cloth, which is feldom worn but by thofe 
 of the firft rank. 'I'he next fort is made of the bread- 
 fruit tree, and the laft of that which refcmblcs the wild 
 fig-tree. But this laft fort, though the coarfeft, is 
 Tcarcer than the other two, which are manufaaured 
 only in fmall quantities, as the fame manner is ufcd in 
 manufaAuriBg all thele cloths. The following defcrip- 
 tion will fuffice for the reader's information. 
 ' The bark of ti»e tree being ftripped off, is foakcd in 
 Water for two or three days ; they then take it out, and 
 feparate the inner bark from the external coat, by 
 ibrapiog it with a (hell, after which it is fpread out 
 on phatain leaves, placing two or three layers over 
 one another, care being taken to make it ot an equal 
 thicknefs in every part. In this ftate it continues till 
 it is almoft dry, when it adheres fo firmly that it may 
 be taken from the ground without breaking. After 
 this procefs, it is laid on a i'mooth board, and beaten 
 with an inftrument made for the purpofe, of the com- 
 pact heavy wood called Etoa. The inftrument is 
 about fourteen inches long, and about fcven in cir- 
 cumference ; is of a quadrangular fliape, and each of 
 the four fides is marked with longitudinal grooves or 
 fnrrows, differing in this inftance.that there is aregular 
 gradation in the width and depth of the grooves on 
 each of the fides ; the coarfer fide not contaming more 
 than ten of thcfe furrows, while the fineft is furniflied 
 with above fifty. It is with that fide of the nullet 
 where the grooves are deepeft and widcft that they be- 
 gin to beat their cloth, and proceeding regularly, finilh 
 yith that which has the greateft number. By this beat- 
 ing, il>e cloth is extended in a manner fimilar to the 
 cdd that is formed into leaves by the hammer ; and it 
 IS alio marked with fmall channels rcfembling thofe 
 which are vifible on paper, but rather deeper ; it is in 
 general beat very thin ; when they want it thicker than 
 qommon, they take two or three pieces and pafte them 
 together with a kind of glue prepared from a root called 
 Pea. This cloth becomes exceedingly white by bleach- 
 ing, and is dyed of a red, yellow, brown, or black co- 
 Ibur } the firft is exceeding beautiful, and equal, if not 
 fuperior to any in Europe. They make the red colour 
 from amixture of the juices of two vegetables, neither 
 of which, ufed feparately has this efiedl : matting of 
 various kinds is another confiderable manufarflure in 
 which they excel, in many refpcfls, the Europeans. 
 They make ufe of the coarfer fort to flecp on, and in 
 wet weather they wear the finer. They excel in the 
 bafltet and wicker-work ; both men and women em- 
 ploy themfelvcs at> it, and can make a great number 
 of different patterns. They make ropes and lines of 
 all fizes of the bark of the Poerou, and their nets for 
 filhing are made of thefe lines } the fibres of the cocoa- 
 nut tney make thread of, fuch aa they ufe to faften to- 
 gether the feveral parts of their canoes; the forms 
 of which are various, according to the ufo to wjiich they 
 are applied. Their fifliing lines are efteemed the belt 
 in the MNorld, made of the bark of the Erowa, a kind of 
 nettle which grows on the mountains ; they are ftrong 
 enough to hold the hcavieft and moft vigorous fifli, 
 fiich as bonettas and albicores ; in fliort, tliey are ex- 
 tremely. injEenioiu in 'every expedient for taking all 
 
 Tlie tools which tKefe people make ufe of tor build- 
 ing houfes, conftruAiag canoes, hewing ftones, and for 
 felliiw, cleaving, carving, and polifhing timber, con- 
 iifls of nothing ^)ore than an adze of ftone, aad a chif- 
 
 fcl of bone, moft commonly that of a man's arm ; anil 
 for a flic or poliflier, they make ufe of a rafp of coral 
 and coral fand. The blides of their adzes arc ex- 
 tremely tou)>h, but notjjrcry hard; they make them of 
 various fi/.ca, thofe for felling wood weigh fix or fevcii 
 pounds, and others which arc ufcd for carving, only a 
 few ounces : they arc obliged every minute to fharpcii 
 them on a Hone, which in always kept near them for 
 that purpofe. The moft difficult talk they meet with irt 
 the ufe of thcfc tools, is the felling of a tree, which cm- 
 ploys a great number of hands for fcvcral days together. 
 The tree which is in general ufe is called Aoie, the 
 ftcni of which is ftraight and tall. Some of their 
 fmatler boats are made of the bread-fruit tree, which 
 is wrought without much difficulty, being of a light 
 fponpy nature. Inilcad ot planes they ufe their adzes 
 with great dexterity. Their canoes arc all fliaped with 
 the hand, the Indians not being acquainted with the 
 method of warping a plank, 
 
 Of thcfe tiiey have two kinds, one they call Ivahahs, 
 the other I'aliics ; the former is ufed for ftiort voyages 
 at fea, and the latter for long ones. Thcfe boats do 
 not differ either in lliape or fize, but they are in no 
 degree proportionate, being from fixty fo leventy feet 
 in length, and not more than the thirtieth part in 
 breadth. Some are employed in going from one ifland 
 to another, and others ufed for hihing. There is alfo 
 the Ivahah, which ferves for war ; theic arc by far the 
 longeft, and the head and ftcrn arc confiderably above 
 the botly. Thefc Ivahahs are fattened together, fide 
 by fide, when they go to fea, at the diftance of a few 
 feet, by ftrong wooden poles, which arc laid acrofs 
 them and joined to each iidc. A ftage or platfoim is 
 raifcd on the fore part, about ten or twelve feet long, 
 upon which ftand the fighting men, whofe miflile 
 weapons arc flings and fpears. Beneath thefe ftagcs 
 the rowers fit, who fupply the place of thofe who are 
 wounded. The fifliing Ivahahs are from thirty or forty 
 to .ten feet in length, and thofe for travelling have a 
 fmall houfe fixed on board, which is fattened upon the 
 fore-part, for the better accommodation of perfons of 
 rank, wlio occupy them both day and night. The 
 Pahies differ alfo in fize, being from fixty to feventy 
 feet long, they are alfo very narrow, and are fomctimcs 
 ufed for fighting, but chiefly for long voyages. In go- 
 ing from one iUand to another, they are out fometiines 
 a month, and often at fea a fortnight or twenty days, 
 and if they had convenience to ftow more provifions, 
 they could ftay out much longer. Thefe veflels are 
 very ufeful in landing, and putting off from the (horc 
 in a furf, for by their great length snd high ftcrn they 
 landed dry, when the Endeavour's boats could fcarcely 
 land at all. 
 
 They are very curious in the conftru(5lion of theft 
 boats, the chief parts or pieces whereof are formed fe- 
 parately without either faw, plane, chiffel, or any other 
 iron tool, which renders their fabrication morefurprif- 
 ing and worthy obfcrvation. Thefe parts being pre- 
 pared, the keel is fixed upon blocks, and the planks 
 arcfupported with props, till they are fewed or joined 
 together with ftrong plaited thongs, which are paffed 
 feveral times through holes bored with a chifltl of bone 
 fuch as they commonly make ufe of, and when finifhed, 
 they are fufliciently tight without caulking. They keep 
 thefe boats with great care in a kind of £hed, built on 
 purpofe to contain them. 
 
 Mr Banks and Dr. Solander were at a lofs to find 
 out theirmethodof dividing time, they always madenfe' 
 of the term Malama, which fignifies the moon ; when* 
 ever they fpoke of time, either paft or to come, they 
 reckon thirteen of thefe moons, begintiing again when 
 they are expired. This proves that they have fome idea 
 of the folar year; but thefe gentlemen cpukl not dif- 
 -over how they computed their months, to make thir- 
 teen equal to the year, as lh«y faid thefc months confift- 
 ed of twenty-nine days, one day in which the moon 
 was iuvifible being included. They, however, knew 
 the prevailing weather that was to be expeAed, as well 
 as the fruits which would be in feafon. As to the day, 
 they divide it into twelve equal parts, fix of which be- 
 
 long 
 
 
 
 il 
 
 St 
 
 Si 
 
t 
 
 j, i 
 
 1^' I -f 
 
 f f 
 
 • '' 
 
 )|;i : 
 
 
 m 
 
 long to the day, anil the other fix to the night. Wlicn 
 they numcrato, they reckon from one to ten, making 
 uli- of their lingers, and changing hands, till they come 
 to the mimbiT which they intended to expreft j and 
 joining cxprcffive lign« to their words, in tile courfe 
 ot their converfation. Uiil they arc not fo expert in 
 njcjfiirin^', diitances, for when they attempt defcribtng 
 the fpace between one place and another, they arc 
 obiiRi-d t(3 exprels it by the time that would be taken 
 in pp.fling it. 
 
 With regard to their language, it is foft, as it a- 
 bounds v\ ith voweU, and caly to be pronounced ; but 
 very few of their nouns or verbs being declinable, it 
 mull ccnfequcntly be rsther impcrfecl. However, 
 >vc found means to be nuitually undcrilood without 
 much difllcultv. The following fpccimcn will poflibly 
 enable the rcider to form Ibmc notion of the lancuaire 
 of thofc iflandcrs. ** 
 
 Ahcinc, a woman 
 Aihoo, a (larment 
 Ainao, liite cart 
 Arec, // cf'itf. 
 Aouna, to-(/ay 
 Aoy, tctiftr ' 
 Kahoo, the nofe 
 E.iwow, to fcolJ 
 Kei, to eat 
 I'.Cyo, lock you 
 Emoto, to box 
 Epanoo, a drum 
 Epeenei, an echo 
 Epehc, a fon^ 
 Erowroo, fix bead 
 lluahcinc, a -wife 
 Itopa, to fall 
 Kipoo a mecmhee, a cham- 
 ber-pot 
 Mahana, a day 
 j>Iarroo\vhai, dry 
 Matau, the eyes 
 Matte roal), to die * 
 Maynctnec, to tickle 
 Mej'oooo, the nails 
 
 Midee, a child 
 Mutee, a tifs 
 Myty, _^6fli/ 
 Nechec'o, good night 
 Oboboa, to-morrow 
 Oowliau, the thighs 
 Ore' dchaiya, a large nail 
 Ore' cctcea, a /mail nail 
 Otaowa, ye/lerday 
 l'.ihie, a jlip 
 I'arawci, a jklrt 
 Poa, a night 
 Poc, ear lings 
 Tanc, a hufiaiid 
 Tatta tc liomniann': maitai, 
 
 a good-mittiitd peifon 
 Tea, white 
 Teinc, a brother 
 Tooahcinc, a Jijler 
 Tooanahoe, yon and I 
 Toonoah, a mole in tbejkin 
 Tumataii, a bonnet 
 \V'.i!ioa, Jire 
 Waow, /. 
 
 'Ihc natives of this country arc feldom afllicled with 
 any difeafes except fometimes an accidental fit of the 
 cholic ; but they are fubjeft to the erifypclas, attended 
 with cutaneous eruptions fomewhat lerembling the Ic- 
 l)rory ; and if they have it to any confidcrabic degree, 
 they are excluded from fociety and live alone, in a 
 fmall houfe in fome unfre(]ucnted pare of the illand. 
 1 he management of the fick belongs to the priefts, 
 M'hofe methud of cure confifts generally of prayers and 
 lercmonies, which are repeated till they recover or 
 die. If the former happens, it is attributed to their 
 mode of proceeding j if the patient dies, then they 
 urge that the difeafe was incui-able. 
 
 The religion of thefe ifianders appears to be very 
 myfterious ; and as the language adapted to it, was dif- 
 ferent from that which was fpoken on other oceafions, 
 we were not able to gain much knowledge of it. Tu- 
 pia, who gave us all the information that we got in re- 
 gard to this particular, informed us, that his country- 
 men imagined every thing in the creation to proceed 
 from the conjunction of two perfons. One of thefe 
 two firft (l)eing the fuprerae deity) they called Taroa- 
 taihetoomo, and the other Tapapat and the year 
 which they called Tettowmatatayo, they fuppofe to be 
 the daughter of thefe two. They alfo imagine an in- 
 ferior fort of deities, known by the name of Latuas, two 
 of whom, they fay, formerly inhabited the earth, and 
 they fuppofe that the firft man and woman defcended 
 from them. The Supreme Being they ftile " The 
 caufer of earthquakes ;" but more frequently addrefs 
 their prayers to Tane, whom they conceive to be a fon 
 of the firft progenitors of nature. They believe in the 
 exiftence of the foul in a feparate ftate, and fuppofe 
 that there are two fitualions differing in the degrees of 
 happinefs, which they confider as receptacles -for differ- 
 ent ranks, but not as placesof rewards and puniftunents. 
 
 ■'^ 3 ■ ■ 
 
 Their notion is, that the chiefi and pr Jicipal people 
 will have the preference to thofc of lower rankif Fof 
 as to their anions they cannot conceive them to influ* 
 ence their future ftat^ as they believe the deity takes 
 no cogniaancc of them. The office of prieft Is here- 
 ditary } there are fcveral of them of all ranks : the 
 chief IS refpefted next to their kings j and they arc la 
 general fuperior to the natives, not only in point of di- 
 vine knowledge, but alfo in that of aftronomy and na- 
 vigation. 1 hey arc not at all concerned with the cere- 
 mony of marriage, w hich is only a fimplc agreement be- 
 tween the man and the woman, and when tlicy chufcto 
 feparate, the matter is accompliihed with as litt/e cere- 
 mr; y as was .bought ncceffary to bring them together.* 
 I hele people do not appear to worfhip images of any 
 kind > but they enter their Morals with great awe and 
 hiimility, their bodies being uncovered to the w^ 
 when they bring their offering to their altar. 
 
 As lo their form of government, there is a fort of 
 hibonlmation among them which rcfembles the early 
 ftaie of all the nations of Kurope when under the feudal 
 fyftem, which refcrvcd authority to 9. fm-.il number, 
 putting the reft intircly in theirpower. The ranks of 
 the people of this iOand were thelc, EareeRahie, Ggnify- 
 ing a king or fupreme governor } Earee, anfwenng to 
 the titleof baron } Mannahoonies, to that of vaflal} and 
 Toutou, under which name was included the loweft 
 orders of the people, fiich as are called villains accord- 
 ing to the old law term. The Earee Rahie, of which 
 there are two here, one belonging to each peninfiila, 
 had great relpect (hewn them by all ranks. The 
 Eai ees are lords of one or more of the diftrids, into 
 wliich thefe governments arc divided; and they fepa- 
 rate their ten itories into lots, which arc given among 
 the Mannahoonies, who refpc^ively cultivate the Oiare 
 that they hold under the baron. But they are only 
 noiuinal cultivators ; this, as well as all other laborious 
 work, being done by the I'outou, or lower clafs of the 
 people. The fovereign, or Eai ee Rahie, and the baron, 
 or Earee, are fuccecded in titles and honours by their 
 chiklren, as fouii as they are born ; but their cftates re- 
 main in their pofleflion, and fubieA to the management 
 of their parents. Every diftriA under the command 
 of an Earee furniOies a proportionate number of fight- 
 ing men, for the defence of the common caufe, in cafe 
 of a general attack \ and they are all fubjcfl to the 
 command of the Earee Rahie. Their weapons confift 
 of llings, in the ufe of which they are very dextrous, 
 and of long clubs remarkably hard, with which they 
 fight obftinately and cruelly, giVing no quarter to 
 their enemies in time of battle. 
 
 While we ftaid at Otaheite, there was a good under- 
 ftanding between the Earees of the two peninfulas, 
 though It feems that the Earee of Tearrebau called him- 
 felf king of the whole ifland ; this was a mere nominal 
 claim, and was confidered as fuch by the inhabitants. 
 There is not any thing among them fubftitoted for 
 money, or a general medium by which every defiraUe 
 object may be purchafed or procured } neither can any 
 permanent good be obtained by force or fraud. The 
 general commerce with women fets afide almoft every 
 excitement to commit adultery. In a word, i^ a go- 
 vernment fo little polilhed, though diftributivejuf- 
 tice cannot be regularly adminiftered ; as, at the fame 
 time, there can be but few crimes whereon to exercife 
 it, the want of this juftice is not fo feverely felt as ia 
 more civilized focieties. . '' 
 
 Soon after our arrival at this ifland, we were ap"" 
 prifed of the natives having the French 'difeafe among 
 them. The iflanders called it by a name exprcflive of 
 its effc^, obferving rh^t the hair and nails of thofi: 
 who were firft infected by it, fell off, and the f.efli 
 rotted from the bones, while their countrymen, and 
 even neareft relations, who were unaffeSed, were fo 
 much terrified at its fymptoms, that the unhappy fi^- 
 ferer was often forfakcn by them, and left toperuhia 
 the moft horrible conditions. 
 
 Thas have we given an accurate, full, and complete 
 defcription of the ifland in its prefent ftate ; we fhall 
 onlV' add a few remarks, which we apprehend may })t 
 
 of 
 
 •f 
 
 ' I- 
 
COOK'» FIRST VOYAGE— tor m»king Difioviritt ia the fouih iif.it 5t Kcyiiu 
 
 ,< II 
 
 iV 
 
 or life to fiK:h jjcmlemcn in the navy, who may here- 
 after have it in thtir oidcra to touch at the fame. A« 
 thii ilUnd (an bo ufeful only by rupi)(/inH ftiipa with 
 refrcfliinentu in their ualTagc throu«h thifc fca*. it 
 might be made to anfWcr fully thi» impoitant end i 
 Kuropean cauie, planti, ttardcn-ftiitK, and the moft 
 tifefui veiretabiM, would iloubtlera flnurifh in fo rich 
 & foil. The climate i* remarkably line, the heat i« 
 not troiiblefomc, nor do the winds blow conllantly from 
 the ealh We had frequently a ficHi jjale from the 
 S. W. fometirne*. though very icl(!om, fron» the N. W. 
 We learnt from Tupia, that foiith wcfterly winds pre- 
 vail in Oftober, November, and December, and wc nave 
 
 no doubt but thi» i» true. At the tiuit the windi arc 
 variable, they arc afway* arroni|Vinu'd by a l\*cll (mni 
 the S. W. or W. S. W. The fame fwcll happcni on a 
 calmi and when (he atlnofphtre i* loadi-d w ith duudu, ] 
 which (hewi that the wimli arc variablr, or wcl>irl/ 
 out at feai for with a trade wind the weather is cicjr* 
 In ihefe parts the trade wind iloti not extend farther td 
 the fouth thi4n twenty dcirtccs, beyond which we Rcne- 
 rally found a pale from fnc welhvard. The tides here 
 are pCrhans as inconfidcrablc as in any part of the 
 world. A fouth or foufh by wefl moon maltci high' 
 water in the harbour of Matavai, and its perpendiculai' 
 height feldoiit exceeds ten or twelve inches. 
 
 C H A P. VI. 
 
 .-«««>. of Ibe liffMd fiiMic rervices nfCtipt. JomfS Cook, here inlroJuced at the rofuefl of a ureal numbtr of our very 
 ZZreii!i^ShX.Z co„„L L U^-V,Jllsibe ,Jland. ,n ,he ne.i^hl>o,obr^ofO,abc,.e-^. account 
 
 Some 
 
 Tf'"fJ^a7M7<'7»d7"^«r>o''> }^iin>l^'->relaiive ,o the wbabUa.ts-Tbe paffa^eof tbeEnd,avourfmn Uleroub la 
 V^fZd-EmU n K'>i"R "Me, a„d incidem ubje lbejb,p nuts ,,, P»v,riy Bay-^rbu and ,be adjacent country 
 JeTriM^EscurliL to Cape TuLfain, and return to Tola^a-The Mtnuts deJcrUed and a ""iratr^.f uhat b,p. 
 ^Tdwb,le\venij;f on tbai pari nfke coafl-Tbe range from 
 
 tbe Emieavi 
 qf (/lands 
 and Jiirmi/lie. 
 Ckpe, 
 
 wbilf we ivesf on ibal pari of tbe coaH—lbe range jrom ' <»«x." '" '"""".'■ "".>—;'".'^""'''- " r/--» ■" "-' « 
 IjZZ anfaJibore-A drfcr,pt,on of the country and ,ts forffird v,llaya~.Sh.fu,h Jrm Mercury Hay to tbe Day 
 VdZ.A drfcrpnonoflhe h.dLis on the banks oftber,ver rbamcs-And.J the tinder tbat^^ro'^sthny-h^^^^^^^^^ 
 Tmilhes ^,lb Ibc nat, ve, on an ,jLind, and on d.jfcreni parts of tbe coafi^kauge Jrom tbe Bay oj Jjlands round horib 
 
 "\ 
 
 We nivc in this earlv part of our work the following 
 memoirs of Capt. Cook's life and public fcrviccs, at 
 the particular rcqucrt of a great number ot.bur nu- 
 merous Subfcribers, that the Public may be imnic- 
 diatcly gratified, refpe(fting this moll celebrated Na- 
 vigator. 
 
 NOtwithftanding the ignorant afTcrtions foiflcd on 
 the Public by editors of other publications of the 
 kind, wc have authority to fay (thcUcv. Mr. Grcnfide's 
 tcftificate being in the |X)nitrion of our publifher) that 
 the late Capt. James Cook was born at Marion, in the 
 North Ridmg of Yorkfliiro, on February :\, 1.28. His 
 tather, who was a day labourer (a circumftancf by no 
 means to the difgracc but honour of our unparalleled 
 voyager) in that village, put his fon, at an early 
 "g"-". apprentice to a fiiop-kecper in a neighbouring 
 town. 
 
 His natural inclinatian not having been confultedon 
 this occafion, he fcwn quitted the counter from difguft, 
 and bound himfclf for nine years, to the mailer of a 
 velTel in the Coal-trade, At the breaking out of the 
 war, in 1 75 5, being impreflcd, he entered into the king '■ 
 fcrvicc, on board the Eagle, at that time commanded by 
 Captain Hamer, and afterward by Sir Hugh Palli&r, 
 who foon difcoveied his merit, and introduced him on 
 the quarter-deck. 
 
 Ill the year 1758, we find him mafter of , the Nor-* 
 thumbcrland, the Rag (hip of Lord ColviHc, who had 
 then the command of the fquadron itationed on the 
 coaft of America. It was' here, as he has often been 
 heard fay, that, during a hard winter, he firft read 
 Euchd, and applied himfclf to the lludy of mathe« 
 matics and aftronomy, without any other aflllVance, 
 than what a few books^ and his own induHry atforded 
 him. At the feme time, that he thus found means to 
 cultivate and improve his mind, and 00 I'npply the de- 
 ficiencies of an early education, he was engaged in moft 
 of the bufy and active fcencs of the war in America. 
 At the ficge of QHcbec, Sir Charles Saunders commit- 
 ted to his chargethe execution of ferviccs, of the firft 
 importance in the naval department. He piloted the 
 boats to the attack of Montmorency ; conducled iA\* 
 embarkation to the Heights of Abraham, cxaminhd<th« 
 palfage, and laid buoys tor the fecurity ot theiarge 
 fliipt in pivocecdirig up the viver. The coanifi^tand 
 adorcls with which he acquitted himfblf in thefe fcr- 
 vices, gained him the warm fritnd(hi}V df .Sir Charles 
 
 Saunders and Lord Colvillc, who continued to patronise 
 him during the rcll of their lives, with the gieaicft icaf 
 and atrtCtion. At the conclulion of the war, be was ap- 
 pointed, through the rccommcmJation of Lord Colvillc* 
 and Sir Hugh ralliltr, to furvey tlie Gulf uf St. Law- 
 rence, and the coafls of Ncwfouiuiland. In this cin- 
 ploymcnt he continued till the year 1767, when he was 
 fixed on by Sir hldwaid I lawkc, to command an expe- 
 dition (being his lirft voyage which we arc now about 
 elating) to the South Sias; for the purpofc of obferv- 
 ing the tranfit of Venus, and profccutiiig difcovciics iii 
 that part of the globe. 
 
 From this period, as his fcrvices increafcd in ufcfuU 
 . nefa to the public, fu liis reputation proportionably ad- 
 vanced to a height too great to be affcdcd by our pane- 
 gyric. Indeed, heappcars to have been moll eminently 
 and peculiarly qufilihcd for this fpecics of entcrprizcn 
 The cariivll haUits of his. life, tlu-courfe of his fcivicei, 
 and the conlUnt«pplicauon,of his mind, alt coofpircd 
 to tit him for it, an^^g^HC him « degree of proC((Mon«( 
 knowledge! which falls to the lot of very few. 
 
 The conllitution of his body w^srobulf , inured to la- 
 bour, and capable of undergoing the fcvercll hard(hipi« 
 Hi» llomach bore, with<iut dith<;i|ilty» the (joarfettand 
 moft ungraieful food. ,< indeed, temperance in hin) was 
 fqarcely a virtiic: fo great fi^s in« indiifcrcnce wild 
 which he fubmitted to ubiety kind pf ieif-deniaL The 
 qualities of his mind wcreof the (ain^lvrdy, vigorous 
 kind iwith thofe of his body< His under^anding w^ 
 ftrongand perfnicaciou4. i|iiajudg(nent| in. whatever 
 related to the fcrvices he was engaged in,;qiuicl( and 
 fure. His dcfigiis were bold and manly ; and both in 
 thcitonception. aqd ia thiRimodepf «x«^ti«n. borc^vt* 
 dent marks of a great prigiivil gcnivis. ,Hi« courage w a» 
 cool.«n<i deterininedrandraccounpanied^i^ith ai> admi- 
 rable prcfence of mind in the moment of danger. His 
 inarino<s wcretpl4Min»n4MiM^'>!>^^^4 .H>t teipoper Maight 
 perhaps;havv been juUly, bla^ncd, as fiA^«^((9,ha(lin«ri 
 aad,ppOion. My>M<t/t(Mre<b!(;en^iJi^^«9«d..^j»; Atfpog,* 
 tioBhen«yoWnt-iin4hun»a'W«..),-a o>i ! -in 
 
 Sucl» were the ontij^s of C?illt*in Cook's^charader, 
 but its nioft diOinflVidiingfait^re was. that unreniit- 
 ting/pfrf9verance(»PL«^*i»rfu«»f hjsobjeia. whjcl* 
 wks.oot «i)ly fuqw"Wi t«i*h« opppfuiqurol dangers, 
 and (be ^neUure ai ljtafftn^Ef"> but even exempt Irom 
 thctlrant of ordinary re;|i^aFi<>n. During (he three long 
 and led ioua voyages ifiwhich he was. engaged, hise^.^ 
 gernefs and adlivit^ were never in the lealt aUucd. No 
 incidehtal lepiptation could detain him for a roomcnt, 
 «:vcn thole i{V«(yai> of rcereat||^ which |«inctinies un- 
 H ^ avoidably 
 
 
 (IV 
 
 'i'v 
 
' 1 
 
 .r 
 
 |l!jl 
 
 If 
 
 •vei«Ubly ncrHrrcd, and were looked for by ui with a 
 lonsiiif^ (hit perfc ho have experienced the fktiguct 
 nf rervice, will n.. cxcufe, were rubmittei) to by 
 Mm with ■ certain im|Mticnce, whenever they coulii not 
 be einpltyrd in mikiiw further provifion for the more 
 effectual prufeciiiion of hu ilcligni. 
 
 Ui* not necctrar>, Scir, ui enumerate the particular 
 inOancci in m hich thefe (tualitiei were difplaycd, dur- 
 ing the sreat and important cntcrprizei in which he wai 
 cnaagctl. We fltall content ourfclvei with Hating the 
 reful*: of ihofc fervicet, under ihc two principal headi 
 to which they may be referred, thofe of geoKraphy 
 and navigation, placing each in a feparate and diftintl 
 point nf view. 
 
 Ferhapt no fcietKe ever received greater additioni 
 from the lahnun of a finglr ninn, than Kopraphy has 
 done from thofc of Captain Cook. In his iirll voyage 
 to the South Scat, he difcovercd the Society lllnnmt 
 determined the infularily of New Zrnland i difcovcred 
 the ftniia which (eparate the two iflands, and are called 
 after his name, ana made a complete furvey of both. 
 He afterwards explored the eaftern coaft nf New HnU 
 land, hitherto unknown, an extent of twenty>fcven de- 
 gree* of latitude, or upward* of two thoufand mile*. 
 
 In hw fecond expedition round the world, he re- 
 folved the great proolem of a fouthern continent t hnv- 
 ing ti averted that hemifphere between the iatituden of 
 40 and 70 degree*, in fuch a manner, at not to leave a 
 poflthility of its exigence, unlcft near the |)olc, and out 
 of the reach of navigation. During this voyage, he 
 difcovcred New Caledonia, the Inrgeft iflanJ in the 
 Southern Pacific, except New Zealand > the ifland of 
 Georgia, and an unknown coaft, which he named Sand- 
 wich Land, the thule of the fouthern hemifphcrei and 
 having twice viflted the tropical feas, he fettled the 
 ficuation* nf the old, and made feveral new difcoveries, 
 which (hall likcwife all be particularized in the follow- 
 ing fliects. 
 
 But this third voyage (a full account of which we 
 fhall alfo give in this work) is dittinguiihcd by the ex- 
 tent and importance of it* difcovcrics. Befides feveral 
 fmallcr ifland* in the Southern Pacific, he difcovercd to 
 the north of the equino(flial line, the grotipe called the 
 Sandwich Ifland* ; which, from their fltuation* and 
 produdlions, b\A fairer for becoming an objeifl of con- 
 fequence, in ^he fyftem of European navigation, than 
 any other difcovery in the South Sea. He afterward* 
 explored what had hitherto remained unknown of the 
 trefttfni coaft of America, finom the latitude of 43 
 to 70 deg. north, containing an extent of three thou- 
 faiid five hundred mile*: afrertained the proximity of 
 the two great continents of Alia and America ; pafTcd 
 the (trait* between them, and furvcyed the coait on 
 each fide, to fuch a height of northern latitude, as to 
 demonftrate the impnkticabiHty of a pafTage in that 
 henii()>here. from the Atlantic into the Pacinc Ocean, 
 eitlier by an eaftem or a weftern courfe. In fhort, if we 
 except the fea of Amur, and the Japanefe Archipe- 
 lago, which ftill renmin but imperfedly known to Eu- 
 mpeaM.lie has completed the hydrography, of the ha- 
 bitable ghibe. 
 
 Intheprofecutionof hit third voyage this great tnan 
 met withliis unfortunate death, the particulars pre- 
 ceding whrch we think it ncceflary here to rehitc, 
 
 ,On Fridajr; Peh. 13, 1779, letumiiMr to Karakakooa 
 Bay, andetoMingto anchor, we were luiprized to find 
 oUrteccptionVeiydiflbentfirom whK'ithad been on 
 ourArfl arrival; no fhouM, -MO bufllle, no canAi^n, 
 but alblitary bay, with onlfhtRand there a ctihoc 
 (fealing clofc along the (hike. The impulfe of curi- 
 ofity, which had b^ott opfcratvd'tb fogteatia'dtgree, 
 inigiit now indeed be fappMiNl totikveceafcd: but tiie 
 ho^tubletreatntent we had iflltariable nsct^ithi and 
 the friendly "fiibtiitg on which we parted, gave !|»<Mnne 
 j^oafon to cxp^dt niat they would again have flocked 
 about ui wiovgreat joy onbur return. 
 
 We were fbrming Vkriiou* conjcAures, updn the oc- 
 caiion of this eMiloirAinary appearaflidt> when am 
 ... 4 * 
 
 anxiety was at leiwth relieved by the return of a boat, 
 which had been lent on Ihore, and hrought u* woni, 
 that Tcrreeoboo wu abfent, and had \th the bay under 
 the taboo. ThotJgh this account appeared very faiia- 
 faiflory to mofl ofu*, yet other* were of opinion, or 
 rather, perhapa, have hern led by fubfequent events to 
 imni^inc, that there was fomeihing at ihi* time ^try 
 fufpiciout in the liehaviour of the native* 1 and that 
 the interdidiion of all iniercourfe with 11* on prriencc 
 of the king** abfcnce, wa* only to give him time to 
 confult wiin hi* chiefs, in what manner it might be 
 proiKr to treat u>. Whether thefe fufpicioiu wire 
 well-founded, or the account given by the nati^Cl wa* 
 the truth, we were never able to afccrtain. For though 
 it is not improbable that our fmldcn return, for which 
 they could fee no apparent caiife, and the nec< (lity of 
 which (the Kcfoliition Iwing ilamagcd in a gilc) we 
 afterwards found it very difficult to niai.c them coiii- 
 prchcnd,#might nrcafion Come alarm t yet the iinluf- 
 piciotis cnnduA of Terrecoboo, who on hit fuppolid 
 arrival, the next morning, came immediately to vifit 
 Captain Cook, and the confcquent return of the natives 
 to their former friendly intercourfc with us, are llrong 
 proofs, that they neither meant, nor apprehended any 
 clinnge of condud. 
 
 In fiipport of this opinion, wc may add the account 
 nf another accident prcciftly of the fame kind, which 
 happened to us on our firl. vifitr the d:iy before the 
 arrival of the king. A native had fold a hng on Ixiard 
 the Kcfolution, r.r..i iii!:':n the pric: ^grcrd on, when 
 Parcra palling by. ndvifed titc man not to part with 
 the hog, without an advanced price. Fur this, he was 
 fharply fpoken to, and pufhcd away \ and the taboo 
 being fnon after laid on the bay, we ha^l at firll no 
 doubt, but that it was in cnnfcqucncc of the offence 
 given to the chief. Both thefe accidents ferve to Ihew , 
 now very difhcult it is to draw any certain conclufion 
 from the adionsof people with whofe cuOonis, as well 
 as language, we are fo iniperfedfly acouainicdt at the 
 fame time, fomc idea may he formed from them uf 
 the ditlkuliies, at the full view, perhaps, not very ap- 
 parent, which thofe have to encounter, who in all their 
 (raiifadion* with thefe (Grangers, have to Aecr their 
 courfe amidft fo much unceruinty, where a trifling 
 error may be attended with even the moft fatal confc- 
 quence*. However true or falfe thefe conjcdiures may 
 be, thing* went on in their ufual quiet courfe till Sa- 
 turday afternoon February 1 3, 1779. 
 
 Toward the evening of that day, the officer who 
 commanded the watering parly of the Difcovcry, came 
 to inform us, that (everal chief* had alfcmblcd at the 
 well near the beach driving away the natives, whom he 
 had hired to afhft the faibn in rolling down the caflis 
 to the (hore. He told ui, at the fame time, that he 
 thought their behaviour extremely fufpiciou*, and that 
 they meant to give him fomc farther diHurbancc. At 
 his requcft therefore a marine was fcnt along with him, 
 but wa. buffered only to ukc hi* fide arms. In a fliort 
 time the officer returned, and on his faying that the 
 iflandera had armed themfelves with flones, and were 
 grown very tnmultuous, Mr. King went to the fpot 
 atunded by a marine with hi* mufquet. Seeing them 
 approach, they threw away their (lone*, and, on their 
 fpcakingto fome of the chiefs, the mob were drivcfi 
 away, and thofe who chofe it, were fufFercd to afTift in 
 filling the caflcs. Having left thing* quiet here, Mr. 
 King went to meet Capt. Cook, who was coming on 
 (hore m the pinnace. Mr. King related tc^him what had 
 jdl pafled. and he ordered Mr. King, in cafe of th^ir 
 pfginning to throw Aonea, or behave infolently, imme- 
 diately to fire a ball at the ofTenders. Mr. King accord- 
 ingly gave order* to the corporal to. have the piece* of 
 thcccntinds loaded with ball, inllcadof fmall (hot. 
 
 Soon after our return to the tent*, we were alarmed tor 
 a continued fire of mufquets from the Difcovcry, which 
 wcobferved to bedire<Scd at a canoe, that wcfaw padd- 
 ling toward the ihore in great hade, purfued by one of 
 our fmall boats. We immediately concluded, that the 
 firing was in confequencc of fome dieft, ana Captain 
 GoQK ordered Mr. King to follow him with a ma- 
 rine 
 
 
C'OOK'i FIRST VOYAOE — lor making Difcavirhi in the Hiutb Smi St Round the /fVA/. 3 1 
 
 Rccr who 
 cry, came 
 k-d at the 
 
 whom he 
 the cafltJ 
 
 , th*t he 
 
 and that 
 ,ncc. At 
 th him. 
 
 [n a fliori 
 that the 
 
 and were 
 the fpot 
 
 ng them 
 on their 
 : driven 
 aOift in 
 
 ere, Mr, 
 
 tning on 
 
 what had 
 of th^ir 
 ■, imme- 
 ; accord- 
 piccet of 
 (hot. 
 
 umedby 
 y, which 
 twpadj- 
 »y one of 
 that the 
 Captain 
 
 |K s ma- 
 rine 
 
 rinc armed, and to endeavour to feite the people ai thry 
 4-anieon Ihorr. Actordmgly they ran towaid the plate 
 where wefuppofed the canoe would land, but were too 
 kite, the people ha^e quilted it, and made their efcape 
 Into the country before their arrival. 
 
 Cant, C<x)k and Mr. King were at ehiitime ignorant 
 ihat ihc KfMHh had been already reftorcd, and »• they 
 thoiiKht it prolvible, from the circunil»ancc» they had 
 ■t full obfcrved, that thev mi^ht be of imiiortancc, 
 were unwilling to relinquilh their hooei of recovering 
 them. Having therefore inquired of the naiivci 
 which way the people had Hcd, they followed them till 
 it wai near dark, when judging themfrlvri to be about 
 three milei from the tenti, and rufpcc'ling that the na- 
 tives, who frequently encouraged them in the purfuit, 
 were amuling them with falfe information.they thought 
 it in vain to continue their fcarch any longer, and re- 
 turned to the beach. 
 
 Dunns their abfence, a difference of a more fcriou» 
 and unplrsfant nature had happened 1 the ofhter who 
 had been lent in the fmall boat, and wai returning on 
 board with thcgoodi which had been rcftored, obferv. 
 ing Capt. Cook and Mr. King engaged in the 
 purfuit o! the offender*, thought ithi«dutyto fi-izcthc 
 canoe, which was left drawn up on the lliore. Un- 
 forttinateiy this canoe belonged to I'arcea, who arriv- 
 ing .It the fame moment from on board the Uifcovcry, 
 claimed hit property with mnny prnieftationi of hii 
 innocence i the officer refuting to give it up, and being 
 joined by the crew of the pinnace, which wa» waiting 
 for Capt. Cook, a fcutfle cnfued, in which I'arcea was 
 iitiockwJ iluwn by a violent blow on the head with an 
 oar: the natives who were collciHrd about the f|x»t, and 
 had hitherto been iieacrable fpecftatnrs, immediately 
 attacked our people with fuch a Ihower of (tones, z* 
 ♦breed them to retreat with great precipitation and 
 Cwim off to a rock at fome dil\anc<. from the fliorc. 
 The pinnace was immcdii.clyranfackedb^theillanders, 
 and, but for the timely interpofition ot Parcea, who 
 fecmed to hav^ recovered from the blow, and forgot it 
 at the fame inOant, would foon have been entirely de- 
 inoliihed. Having driven away the crowd, he made 
 (igni to our people, that they might come and take 
 pofle(rton of the pinnace, and that he would endeavour 
 to get back the thing* which had been taken out 
 of It. After their departure he followed them in his 
 canoe, with a midfhipman'icap and fome other trif- 
 ling articles of the plunder, and, with much apparent 
 concern at what had happened, as he alkcd if the Orono 
 would kilt him. and whether he would permit him to 
 come on board the next day ? On being allured that he 
 Ihould be well fcceived, he joined nofet (as their cul^om 
 is) with the officer* in token of friendlhip. and paddled 
 over to the village of Kowrowa. 
 
 When Capt. Cooii was informed of what had palTcd. 
 hecxprelTed much uneafinefs at it, and in returning on 
 board, faid, " I am afraid that thcfe people will oblige 
 nic to ufe fooK violent meafures, for they muff not be 
 left to imagine that they have gained an advantage over 
 US;" however, as it was too late to take any ffcps this 
 evening, he contented himfelf with giving orders, that 
 every man and woman of the ifland on board (hould 
 be immediately turned out of the (hip. Aa foon aa this 
 order was executed, Mr. King returned on (hore, and 
 nur former confidence in the natives being now much 
 abated by the events of the day, he poffed « double 
 guard on the Monti, with orders to call him if they 
 Uw any men lurkii^ about the beach. At about 
 eleven o'cbck, five illander* were obferved creeping 
 round the bottom of the Moral; they feeraed very cau- 
 ' tious in approaching ut, and, at laff tinding themfelves 
 difcovered, retired out of light. About mnlnight, one 
 of them venturing clofe up to the obfcrvatory, the cen- 
 tinal fired over him, on which the men fled, and wc 
 paired the remaimier of the night without farther dif- 
 turbancei 
 
 Sunday morning, Feb, 14, t'j'j^, at day break Mr. 
 King went on hoard the Refolution for theTime- 
 Kceper, and in his way was haikd by the Difcovery, 
 and informed, that their aitter hrd been ffolen duriiig 
 the night, from the buoy where it was moored. 
 
 When he arrived on hoird, he found the marines 
 •rintng, and ('apt. Cook loading his iluulilc Ixirrclled 
 gun. Whilft he was relating to him what had hap^ 
 pened in the night, he interi-upted Mr. Kini; with 
 fome eagerneft, and acquainted him with the lof4 
 of the Difcovery's cutter, and with the preparations 
 he was making for its recovery. It had been his iifual 
 pradice, whenever any thing of confejurnce was luff, 
 at any of the ifland* in this ocean, 10 get the king or 
 fome of the principal F>ees on board, and tokeepthcm 
 0* hoflagei till it was refforcd. I'his method, which 
 had been always attended with fucccfi, he meant tr> 
 purfueon the prefent occadon; and at the fame time, 
 nail given orders to flop all the canoes that (houlJ 
 attempt to leave the bay, with an intention of feizuig 
 and deflroying them if he could not recover the cuttir 
 by peaceable means. Accordingly the boats of btuh 
 fliips, well manned and armed, were flationed acrofs 
 the bay 1 and, before Mr. King left the fliip, fome great 
 fiuns had been fired at two large canoes that were it- 
 tempting to make their efcape. 
 
 It was between feven and eight o'clock when Gipt, 
 Cook and Mr. King quitted the (hip together. 
 Capt. Cook in the pinnace, having Mr. Phillips and 
 nine marines with him, and mr. King in the 
 fmall boat. The laff orders Mr. King received 
 from him were, to quiet the minds of the natives on 
 his fide of the hay, by affuring them they fliould not 
 be hurt : to keep his people together, and to be on 
 his guard. They tlicn parted, the captain went to- 
 wards Kowrowa, where the king rrtidcd, and Mr. 
 King proceeded to the beach. Mr. King's firff 
 care on going alhore, was to give ffridt orders to the 
 marines to remain within the tent, to load their piece* 
 with ball, and not to quit their arm*. Afterwards he 
 took a walk to the huts of old Kaoo and the prieffn, 
 and explained to them a* well as he could, the obje^ 
 of the hoflilc preparations which had exceedingly 
 alarmed them. 
 
 He found that they had already heard of the cut- 
 ter's being ffolen, and affured them, that though Capt. 
 Cook was refolved to recover it and to punifli the au- 
 thors of the theff, yet that thry and the people of the 
 village on our (ide, need not be under the fmalleff ap. 
 prehenllon of fuffcring any evil from us. He deflred 
 the prieffs to explain this to the people, and to tell them 
 not to be .\larmed, but to continue peaceable and quiet. 
 Kaooafked him with great eameffnefs,ifTerreeob()o was 
 to be hurt ? He affured him he was not, and both he and 
 the reff of his brethren fecmed much fatisficd with 
 this alfurance. 
 
 In the mean time Capt. Cook, having called off the 
 launch which wa* ffationed at the nonh point of the 
 bay, and taken it along with him, proceeded to Kow- 
 rowa, and landed with the lieuteiunt and nine marines. 
 He immediately marched into the village, where he 
 was received with the ufual iTiarks of refpedb, the peo- 
 ple proflrating themfelves L.fore him, and bringing 
 their accuffomcd offerings of fmtill hogs. Finding that 
 there was no fufpicion ot his deftgn, his next ffcp was 
 to inquire for Terreeoboo and the two boy* his fons, 
 who had been his conffant gucffs on board the R'-fc!-.; 
 tion. In a (hort tinie the ooys returned, alo-.ig with 
 the natives who had been fent in fearch of them, and 
 immediately led Capt. Cook to the houfe where the king 
 had flept. They found the old Rian^uu awake from 
 fleep, and, after a (hort converfation about the lofs of 
 the cutter, from which Capt. Cook was convinced that 
 he was in no wife privy to it, he invited him to return 
 in the boat and fpcnd the day on board the Refrlurion. 
 To this propofal the king readily coitfented, an^ itrimc- 
 diately got up to accompany him. 
 
 Things werein this profpcrous train, the two boys be- 
 iiu^alresdyin the pinnace, andtherelt of the party having 
 advanced near the water-(ide, when an eklfrly woman 
 caUed Kanee-kabarcea, the mother of th*: boys, and one 
 of the king's favourite wives came aher him. and with 
 many tears and entreaties, befnught him not to go on 
 kioarct^ At the (ame time two chiefs who came along 
 with her laid hold of himi and inffffing that he (htmld^ 
 gi^no farther, foiKcd him to fit down. The oatives, 
 
 who 
 
 I 
 
 ?'-n 
 
I' • 
 
 
 who were collecting in prodigious numbers along the 
 fliore, and had probably been alarmed by the firing of 
 the great guns, and the appearances of hoftility in the 
 bay, began to throng round Captain Cook and their 
 king. In this lituation, the lieutenant of marines, ob- 
 ferving that his men were huddled dole together in the 
 crowd, and thus incapable of uling their arms, if any 
 occafionlhouid require it, propofcd to the captain, to 
 draw them up alr)ng the rocks, tlofc to the water's 
 cdgcj and the crowd readily making way for them to 
 pafs, they were drawn up in a line, at the diftancc of 
 aboucthirty yards from the place where the king was 
 fitting. 
 
 Allthis time the old king remained on the ground, 
 Hfith the llrongcrt marks of terror and dejedion in his 
 countenance; Captain Cook, not willing to abandon 
 the objcdt for which he had come on ihore, continuing 
 toiiive him, in the moft prelTlng manner, to proceed; 
 whint, on the other hand, whenever the king appeared 
 inclined to follow him, the chiefs, who flood round 
 him, interpofcd, at firlt with prayers and entreaties, 
 but afterward, having rccourfe to force and violence, 
 infixed on his ftaying w here he was. Giptain Cook 
 therefore finding, that the alarm had fpread too gene- 
 rally, and that it was in vain to think any longer of 
 getting him off, without bloodfhed, at la(^ gave up the 
 pointi obferving to Mr. Phillips, that it would be im- 
 poflible to compel him to go on board, without therifk 
 of killing a great number of the inhabitants. 
 • Though the cnterprizt, which had carried Capt. 
 Cook on fhorc had now failed, and was abandoned, yet 
 his pcrfon did not appear to have been in the leaft 
 danger, till an accident happened, which gave a fatal 
 turn to the affair. The boats which had been fta- 
 tioned acrofs the bay, having fired at fome canoes, that 
 Vere attempting to get out, unfortunately had killed a 
 chief of the firll rank. The news of his death ar- 
 rived at the village where Captain Cook was, jult as 
 he had left the king, and was walking flowly toward 
 the fhore. The ferment it occafioned was very confpi- . 
 cuousj the women and children were immediately fcnt ' 
 of!" and the men put on their war-mats, and armed 
 themfelves with fpcars and rtoncs. One of the natives, 
 •having it> his hands a Wonc, and a long iron fpikc i 
 ('vhich 'ac) "all a pahooa) came up to the captain, 
 flourifhi.vjT |,v, weapon by way of defiance, and threa- ' 
 tcnirnj to throw the flone. The captain dcfired him 
 to de(il>, but the man perfiftin]^ in his infolcncc, he 
 was at length provoked to fire a load of fmall-lhot. 
 The man having his mat on, which the fliot were not 
 able to penetrate, this had no other etkH than to irri- 
 tate and encour.if;c them. Several Hones were thrown 
 at the marines; and one of the Erecs attempted to flab 
 Mr. Phillips with his pahooa, but failed in the attempt, 
 and received from him a blow with the butt end of his 
 inufiiuct. Captain Conk now fired his fccond barrel, 
 loaded with ball, and killed one of the forcmofl of the 
 n.itives. A general attack with (lones immediately 
 liillowcd, which was anfwered by a difchaige of muf- 
 quetry from the marines, and the people in the boats. 
 The illandcrs, contrary to the expedations of every 
 . enc, flood the fire with great firmnefs; and before the 
 , marines had time to reload, they broke in upon them 
 with dreadful fiiouis and yells. What folicwcd was a 
 : '^-.•iie of the utmofl horror and confufion. 
 ■; Four of the marines were cut ofl' amongft the rocks 
 in their retreat, and tell a facrifice to the fury of the 
 enemy; three more were dangeroufly wounded; and 
 the lieutenant, who had received a (lab between the 
 . flioulders with a pahooa, having fortunately referved 
 his fire, fliot the man who had wounded him jiill as he 
 was going to repeat his blow. Capt. Cook, the fall 
 time he was ftrenflill .idly, uas flanding at the water's! 
 . edge, aiid callinguut to the boats to ccafc firing;, apdjj 
 to pull in. If it be true, as fome of thofc who werci; 
 prefent have imagined, that the marines and boat-men' 
 had fired without his orders, and that he was defirout 
 vi preventing any further bloodflied, it is not impro- 
 I babic, .that.iKi!* humanity, on this occafton, proved 
 fatal tohim. J'uric wa& remarked, that whilft he faced 
 
 the natives, none of them had otUrid him any viulencc 
 but that having turned alwut to give his orders to the' 
 boats, he was ftabbed in the back, and fell with h is face 
 into the water. On feeing him tali, the iflandets i\ t up 
 ' a great flioiit, and his body was imnudiatcly dra- ,don 
 fhore, and furroumled by the enemy, wliofnatclimtr the 
 dagger out otVach other's hands, fliewed a favai'c < jL'er- 
 nefs to have a fhare in his deflriifiiion. 
 
 Thus fell this great and excellent commander! After 
 a life of fo much diflin^iidhed and fiicccfsful eiiter- 
 pnze, his dt.ith, as tar as regards himlcif, cannot be 
 reckoned premature; liiice he lived to finifli the great 
 work for which he fccms to have been dcligned; and 
 was rather removed from the tniovnienr, than cut off 
 from the acquilition, of glorv. Mow tinccicly his 
 lo s was felt and lamented, by thole who had fo Ion.' 
 found their general fccurity in his fkill and condud, ajid 
 every conlolation under their hardlhips in his tender, 
 nefs and humanity, it is neither neccfiary nor pofliblc 
 for us to dcfcribc; much Icfs thai! we attempt to paint 
 the horror with which the crews were fliuck, and the 
 univerfal dejcdionand difmav, which followed fo dread- 
 ful and uncxpedcd a calamity. 
 
 We fliall here however fubjoin a few particulars which 
 happene 1 fuhfcqucnt to his death, .ind which may 
 be naturully cxpcdcd to belong to this account. 
 
 IT has been already related, that four of the ma- 
 rines, who attended Captain Cook, were killed by 
 the iflanders on the fpot. I he rcfl, with Mr. Phil- 
 lips, their lieutenant, thr<?\v themfelves into the water, 
 and efcaped under cover of a Iniait fire from the 
 boats. On this occafion, a remarkable inftjncc of 
 gallant behaviour, and of allcdion for his men, was 
 Ihewn by thatolTiccr. I'or he had fcarcely got into the 
 boat, when, feeing one of the marines, who was a 
 bad fwimmer, llruggling in the watc:, and in danger 
 of being taken by the enemy, he immediately jumped 
 into the fea to his afliflance, though much wounded 
 himfelf; and after receiving a blow on the hcaii from 
 a (lone, which had nearly fent him to the bottom, he 
 caught the man by the hair, and brought him fafe of!'. 
 (Xir people continued for fome time to keep up a coii- 
 flant fire from the boats (which during the whole tranf- 
 adion, were not more than twenty yard* from the 
 land)j in order to afford their unfortunate companions, 
 if any of them llioold flill remain alive, an opponu- 
 nity of efcaping. Thcfc eHprts, fecondcd by a few 
 guns, that were fired at the fame time from the Refo- 
 lution, having forced the natives at laft to retire, a 
 fmall boat, manned by five of our ynung midfhi(>- 
 men, pulled towards the fliore, where they faw the bo- 
 dies, without any figns of liti:, lying on the ground; 
 biit judging it dangerous to attempt to bring them oft" 
 with fo Ismail a force, and their ammunition being nearly 
 expended, they returned to the fhips, leaving them in 
 pofTefTion of the iflanders, together with ten Hands of 
 arms. 
 
 As foon as the general conflemation, which the news 
 of this calamity occafioned throughout both crews had 
 a Mttle fubftded, their attention was called to our party 
 at the Morai, where the mart and fails were on flunre, 
 with a guard of only fix marines. It is impoflibic to 
 defcribe the emotioni of Mr. King's mind, during the 
 time thefe tranfadions had been carrying on, at the 
 other fi(k of the bay. Being at the diflancc only of a 
 fhort mile from the village of Kowrowa, we could fire 
 diftindly an immcnfe crowd colleded on the (pot 
 where Captain Cook had jufl before landed. We 
 heard the firing of the nuifquetry, and could pcrcelvtf 
 fome extraordinary buflle and agitation in the multi- 
 tude. We afterwards few the natives flying, the Ixats 
 retire from the {horr> and patling and repatHng,. in 
 grc^t ftillner\ between the (hipi. Where a life lb dear 
 and valuable was concerned, it was impofTible not to.be 
 '■iiarmed, by appearances both new and threatening. 
 But, befidea thi>, we kilew, that a long and uninter. 
 ruptcd courfe <)f fuccefs, in hit tranfadioos wi(h the 
 natives of thcic feu, had {^ivcn the captain a degree of 
 
 f:<)n> 
 
cook's first VOYAGE-^for miking Di/ioverw in the Seutl i>eas & Round the ff'or/J. 33 !| 
 
 confidence. th«t we were fearful might. « fome unlucky 
 moment, put him too much off his guards and we now 
 faw all the dangers to which that confidence might 
 lead, withmn receiving much confdation from conlider- 
 inc the experience that had given rife to it. 
 
 Our lirlt care, on hearing the murouets fired, was, 
 to aflure the people, who were aflTetnWefl in conflderable 
 numbers, round the wall of our confecratcd field, and 
 feemed equally at a lofs with ourfelves how to account 
 fer what they had feen and heard, that they fh<Hild not 
 be mdefted ; and that, at all events, we were aefin>u» 
 of continuiiii; on peaceable terms with them. We re- 
 mained in this polhire, till the boats had returned on 
 board, when Captain Gierke, obferving. through his te- 
 Icfcopc, that wc were furrounded by the natives, and 
 apprehending they meant to attack usj ordered two 
 four-pounders to be fired at them. Fortunately thefc 
 guns, though well aimed, did no mifchicf, and yet 
 gave the natives a convincing proof of their power. 
 One of the balls broke a cocoa-nut tree in the middle, 
 under which a party of them were fitting t »nd the 
 other Ihivered a rock, that ffood in an exad line with 
 them. As we had, juft before, given them the ftrongeft 
 aflbranccs of their fafety, we were exceedingly mortified 
 at this ad of hoftility. and, to prevent a repetition of 
 it, immediatcl) difpatched a boat to acquaint Captain 
 Gierke, tb«r. at prelnt, we were on the moft friendly 
 terms with the natives ; and that, if occafion fhould here- 
 after arifc, for altering our conduft towards them, we 
 ivouUi hoirt a jack, as a fignal for him to afford us all the 
 adiftance in his power. 
 
 Wc cxpcdted the return of the boat with the utmofl 
 impatience ; and, after remaining a quarter of an hour, 
 under the moft torturing anxiety and fufpenfe. our fears 
 were at length confirmed, by the arrival of Mr. Bligh, 
 with orders to ftrikc the tents as quickly as poflible, and 
 *o fend the fails, that were repairing, on board. Juft at 
 *he fame moment, our friend Kaireckeea having alfo re- 
 ceived intelligence of the death of Captain Cook, from 
 B native, who had arrived from the other fide of the bay, 
 came tons, with great forrow and dejcdlion in his coun- 
 tenance, to inquire, if it was true ? 
 
 Our fituation was, at this time, extremely critical 
 and important. Not only our own lives, but the event 
 of the expedition, and the return of at leaft one of the 
 Ihips, bemg involved in the fame common danger. 
 We had the maft of the Refolution, and the greatefl 
 part of our fails, on fliore, under the protectwn of 
 only fix marines : their lofs would have been irrepara- 
 "We ; and though the natives had not as yet fhewn the 
 ° finalleft difpoiition to moleft in, yet it was impofTible 
 to anfwcr for the alteration, which the news of the 
 tranfadion at Kowrowa might produce. We there- 
 fore thought it prudent to diflemble our belief of the 
 death of Capuin Cook, and to defirc Kaireekeea to 
 difcouragc the report ; left either the fear of our re- 
 lentmcnt, or the fuccefsful example of their country- 
 men, might lead them to feize the fiivourablc oppor- 
 tunity, which at this time olfored itfelf, of giving us a 
 fecond blow. At the fame time, we adviicd him to 
 brine old Kaoo, and the reil of the priefls, into a large 
 hou^ that' was cloTe to the Morai ; partly out of re- 
 gard to their fafety, in cale it (bould have been found 
 necelTary to proceed to extremities ; and partly to have 
 him near us, in order to make ufe of his authority with 
 •the people, if it could be inflrumental in preferving 
 peace. 
 
 Having {Jlaced the marines on the top of the Morai, 
 which formed a (Vrone and advantageous poft, and left 
 the command with Mr. Bligh, giving him the moft 
 ^fitivc diredions to ad entirely on the defenfive, we 
 went on board the Difcovery, in order to reprefent to 
 dptain Gierke the dangcmus fituation of our affairs. 
 A% foon as we quitted the fpot, the natives began to 
 annoy our people with flone* t aftd We had fcarrcly 
 reached the ihip, bcfisre we heard the firing of the ma* 
 -rinei. - We therefore returned inftantly on (horc, and 
 %und things growing every moment more alamv> 
 ing. The mttves were arming, and putting on theik* 
 mats; and rheii number* incrcMed vtiy fiiit. Wc-oouM 
 No. 4. 
 
 alfo perceive feveral large bodies marching toward us, 
 along the cliff which fcparatcs the village uf Kakooa 
 from the north fide of the bay, where the village of 
 Kowrowa is fituatcd. 
 
 They began, at firft, to attack us with ftones. from 
 behind the walls of their inclofures, and finding no re- 
 finance on our part, they foon grew more daring. A 
 few refolute fellows, having crept along the beach, un- 
 der cover of the rocks, fuddenly made their appearance 
 at the foot of the Morai, with a defign, as it feemed, 
 of ftorming it on the fide next the fea, which was it.^ only 
 acceflible part ; and were not diflodged, till after they . 
 had flood a conliderable number of (hot, and feen one 
 of their party fall. 
 
 The bravery of one of thefe aHailants well defervesto 
 be particularly mentioned. For having returned to carry 
 off his companion, amidft the fire of our whole partv, 
 a wound, which he received, made him quit the bock 
 and retire ; but, in a few minutes, he again appeared, 
 and being again wounded, he was obliged a fecond time 
 to retreat. At this moment we arrived at the Morai, 
 and faw him return the third time, bleeding and faint t 
 and being informed of what had happened, we forbad 
 the foldiers to fire, and he was fuffered to carry off his 
 friend ; which he was juft able to perfotm, and then 
 fell down himfcif and expired. 
 
 About this time, a ftrong reinforcement from both 
 fhip having landed, the natives retreated behind their 
 walls; which giving us accefs to our friendly priefts, v;c 
 fent one of them to endeavour to bring their country- 
 men to fome terms, and to propofe to them, that if they 
 would defift from throwing ftoncs, wc would not permit 
 our men to fire. This truce w as agreed to, and we were 
 fuffered to launch the maft, and carry off the fails, ind 
 our aftronomical apparatus, unmolefted. As foon as w;« 
 had quitted the Morai, they took poflbflion of it, and 
 fome of them threw a few ftones s but without doing us 
 any nrifchicf. 
 
 It was half an hour paft eleven o'clock, whcr we got 
 on board theDifcovcry, where we found no decilive plan 
 had been adopted for our future proceedings. The re- 
 fHturion of the bait, and the recovery of the body ef 
 Captain Cook, were the objeds, which, on all hands, wc 
 agreed to infift on ; and it was our opinion, that fome 
 vigorous fteps fhould be taken, in cafe the demand of 
 them was not immediately complied with. 
 
 Though our feelings, on the death of a beloved and 
 honoured commander, may be fufpeded to have had 
 ftmie fhair in this opinion, yet there were certainly 
 other reafons, and thofe of the moft fcrious kind, that 
 had conliderable weight. The confidence which their 
 fuccefs in killing our chief, and forcing us to quit the 
 fhore, muft naturally have infpircd, and the advan- 
 tage, however trifling, which they had obtained over 
 us the preceding day, would, we had ho doubt, encou- 
 rage them to make fome further dangerous attempts; 
 and the more efpecially, as they had little reafon, from 
 what they had hitherto feen, to dread the cffeds of our 
 fire-arms. Indeed, contrary to the expedations of 
 every one, this fort of weapon had produced no figns 
 of terror in them. On our fide, fuch was the condi- 
 tion of the (hips, and the flate of difcipline amongft us, 
 that had a vigorous attack been made on us in the night, 
 it would have been impoffible to anfwcr for the confe- 
 quences. 
 
 In thefc appreheqfions, we were fupportcd by the 
 opinion of moft of the officers on board; and nothing 
 feemed fo likely to encourage the natives to make the 
 attempt, as the appearance of our being inclined to an 
 accommodation, which thi v could only attribute to 
 weaknefs, or fear. 
 
 In favour of more conciliatory meafures, it was 
 juftly urged, that the miichicf was done, and irrepa- 
 rable ; that the natives had a ftrong claim to our re- 
 gard, on account of their former friendfliip and kind- 
 nef«; and the more cfpcciallv, as the late melancholy 
 accident did not appear to have arifen from any pre- 
 meditated defign: that, on the part of Terreeoboo, 
 his ignorance of the theft, his readinefs to accompany 
 Captain Cook on board, and his having adually fent 
 I his 
 
 I- 
 
 I 
 
 m I 
 
 iUI 
 
1^ :. 
 
 % 
 
 M 
 
 two fons into the boat, muft free him from the rmallcft 
 degree of fufpicion : that the condud of his women, 
 and the Erees, might cafily be accounted for, from the 
 apprehen lions occafioned by the armed force with which 
 Captnin Cook came on fliore, and the hol\ile prepara- 
 tions in the bay ; appearances fo different irom the 
 terms of friendfliip and confidence, in which both par- 
 ties had hitherto lived, that the arming of the natives 
 was evidently with a delign to refift the attempt, which 
 they had fome reafon to imagine would be made to carry 
 oflF their king by force, and was naturally to be expected 
 from a people full of afTedion and attachment to their 
 chiefs. 
 
 To thefc motives of humanity, others of a prudential 
 nature were added ; that we were in want of water, and 
 other refrcfhmcnts : that our foremafl would require 
 fix or eight days work, before it could be (lepped: that 
 the fpring was advancing apace ; and that the fpeedy 
 profecution of our next northern expedition ought now 
 to be our fole objed : that therefore to engage in a vin- 
 di<flivc contcft with the inhabitants, might not only lay 
 tu under the imputation of unnecelFary cruelty, but 
 would occalion an unavoidable delay in the equipment 
 of i^e fliips. 
 
 In this latter opinion Captain C4crkc concurred j and 
 thQugh we were convinced, that an early difplay of vi- 
 jgorous refcntment would morecffe(nually havcanfwered 
 every ohjed both of prudence and humanity, w ere not 
 forty, that the fpiritcd mcnfurcs recommended were re- 
 jeAed. For though the contemptuous behaviour of the 
 natives, and their fubfcqucnt oppofition to our ncceOary 
 operations on (Iiore, ariflng from a mifcondrudion of 
 our lenity, compelled us at lad to have rccourfc to vio- 
 lence in our own defence; yet the circumOanccs of the 
 cafe would, in the opinionof the world, have judified 
 the ufe of force, on our part, in the &rH in(\ancc. Cau- 
 tionary rigour is at all times inviJious, and has this ad- 
 ditional objc(!lion to it, that the feverity of a preventive 
 courfc, when it bcft fucceeds, leaves its expediency the 
 Teaft apparent. 
 
 During the time irc were thus engaged, in concerting 
 fome plan for our future conJudt, a prodigious con- 
 courfe of natives dill kept poflefTion of the more ; anfl 
 ibme of them came oif in canoes, and had the boldneis 
 to approach within pidol-(hot of the fliips, and to infult 
 us by various marks of contempt and defiance. It was 
 with grett difficulty wc could rcftrain the failors from 
 tlic u(e of their arms, on thefe occaflons ; but as pacific 
 meafures had been refolvcd on, the canoes were fuficrcd 
 to return unmolefted. 
 
 In purfuanceof this plan, it was determined, that Mr. 
 King flioiild proceed toward the (liorc, with the boats of 
 both (hips well manned and armed, with a view tu bring 
 the natives to a parley, and, if polTible, to obtain a con- 
 ference with Tome of the chiefs. 
 
 If this attempt fucceeded, he was to demand the 
 dead bodies, and particularly that of Captain Cook ; to 
 threaten thcM with our vengeance in cafe of a refufal ; 
 but, by no means to fire, unlefs attacked ; and not to 
 land on any account whatever. Thcfe orders were de- 
 livered before the whole party, and in the moll pofitive 
 manner. 
 
 He left the (hips about four o'clock in the afternoon; 
 and, as wc approached the (hore, perceived every in- 
 dication of a noftile reception. The whole crowd of 
 natives was in motion ; the women and children re- 
 tiring; the men putting on their war mats, and arming 
 thcm(^lves with long fpears and daggers. We alio 
 obferved, that, (incc the morning, they had thrown up 
 (lone bread-works along the beach, where Captain 
 Cook had lan^et^; prorably in cxpctflation of an at>, 
 tack at that place.; and, as foon as we were withiii 
 reach, they began nii<throw ftones at Ul with (lings, but 
 V'lthout doing any mifchief. Concluding, therefore, 
 that all attempts to bring them to a parley would be in 
 vain, unlefs wc firft gave them fome ground for mu- 
 tual confidences Mr. King ordered tnc armed boats 
 to dop, and went on in the fmall boat alone, with a 
 white Hag in his hand, which, by a general cry of joy 
 front the nativei, he had the fatisfadion to fiod was 
 
 indantly underAood. The women iitttnediatdy returned 
 from the fide of the hill, whither they had retired ; the 
 men threw o(f their mats j and all fat down together by 
 the water-fide, extending their arms, and inviting us to 
 come on diorc. 
 
 Though ihia behaviour was very exprrdive of a 
 friendly difpofition, yet we could not help entertaining 
 fome fufpicions of its fincerity. But when we f«w 
 Koah, with a boldnefs and affurance altogether unac- 
 countable, fwimming off toward the boat, with a white 
 flag in his hand, we thought it necc(rary to return this 
 mark of confidence, and therefore received him into 
 the boat, though armed; a circumftance which did 
 not tend to lefTcn our fufpicions. We had long har- 
 boured an unfavourable opinion of this man. The 
 pricfts had always told us, that he was of a malicious 
 difpolition, and no friend of ours ; and the repeated 
 detedions of his fraud and treachery, had convinced 
 us of the truth of their reprcfentationi . Add to all 
 this, the (hocking tranfadlion of the morning, in which 
 he was fccn adting a principal part, made us feel the 
 utmoft horror at finding him fo near; and as he came 
 up to Mr. King with feigned tears, and embraced him, 
 Mr. King wa* fo didruftful of his intentions, that he 
 could not help taking hold of the point of the pahooah, 
 which he held in his hand, and turned it from him. 
 Mr. King told him, that he had come to demand the 
 body of Capt. Cook ; and to declare war againd them, 
 unlefs it was indantly reltorcd. He affured him this 
 fliould be done, as foon as polTible ; and that he would 
 go himfcif for that purpofc; and, after begging of Mr. 
 King a piece of iron, with much affurancc, as if no- 
 thing extraordinary had happened, he leaped into the 
 fca. and fwam adiore, calling out to his countrymen, 
 that we were all friends again. 
 
 We waited near an hour, with great anxiety for his 
 return ; during which time, the red of the boats had 
 approached fo near the Ihore, as to enter into converfa- 
 tion with a party of the natives, at fome di dance from 
 us{ by whom they were plainly given to underdand, that 
 the body had been cutto pieces, and carried upthe coun- 
 try I but of this circumdance we were not informed, 
 till our return to the (hips. 
 
 Wc began now to exprefs feme impatienc* at Koah's 
 delay ; upon which the chiefs preiFed Mr. King cxccccU 
 idgly to come on (hore ; aflunng him, that if he would 
 go himfcif to Tcrrecoboo, the body would certainly be 
 redored to him. When they found they could not prew 
 vail on him to land, they attempted, under a pretence 
 of wi(hing to convcrfe with more ea(e, to decoy our boat 
 among (oine rocks, where they would have had it in 
 their power to cut us olf from the red. It was no dif- 
 ficult matter to fee through thefe artifices; and wc 
 were therefore drongly inclined to break off all further 
 communication with them, when a chief came to 
 us, who was the particular friend of Captain Clerke, 
 and of the officers of the Difcovery, on uoard which 
 (hip he had failed, when we lad left the bay, intending 
 to take his palFagc to Mowee. He told us, he came 
 from Tecrrecoboo to acquaint us, that the body was 
 carried up the country ; but that it Ihould be brought 
 to us the next moming. There appeared a great deal 
 of fincerity in his manner; and being afked, if he told 
 a falfehcx)d, he hooked his two fore fingers together, 
 which is underdood amongd thefc iflanders as the 
 fign of truth; in the ufe of which they arc very fcru- 
 pulous. 
 
 As wc were now at a lofs in what manner to proceed, 
 Mr. Vancouver was fent to acquaint Captain Clerke 
 with all that hadpalTed; that our opinion wa«,.they 
 meant not to keep their word with us, and were fo far 
 Trom being forry at what had happened, that, on the 
 confrary, they were full of fpirits and confidence, on 
 account of their late fuccefs, and fought only to gain 
 time, till they could contrive fome fchcme for gettine 
 ua into their power. Mr. Vancouver came back with 
 orders ^v us to return on board; having fird given 
 the natives to underdand, that, if the body \t as rot 
 bronght the next morning, the town fliould be ^c- 
 
COQK's FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijcoveries in the South Seas & Round thtlVerld. 35 
 
 ■occed, 
 Gierke 
 they 
 fofar 
 a the 
 , on 
 ogain 
 etting 
 with 
 given 
 s not 
 e<Je- 
 
 Whcn 
 
 When they faw that we were going off, they endea- 
 voured to provoke us by the moft infutting and con- 
 temptuous geflures. Some of our people faid. they 
 could dil\ingui(h Teveral of the natives parading about 
 in the clothes ofour unfortunate comrades; and, among 
 them, a chief brandilhins Captain Cook's hanger, and 
 a woman holding the fcabbard. Indeed, there can be 
 no dotibt, but tnat our behaviour had given them a 
 mean opinion of our courage 1 for they could have 
 init little notion of the motives of humanity that di- 
 redledit. 
 
 In confequence of the report made to Capt. Gierke, 
 of what we conceived to be the prefcnt temper and dif- 
 pofition of the iflanders, the mofl effedlual meafures 
 were taken to euard againft any attack they might 
 make in the night, llie boats were moored with top- 
 chains; additional rentincis were poded on both (hips; 
 and guard-boats were Rationed to row round them, in 
 order to prevent the natives from cutting the cables. 
 During the night we obferved a prodigious number of 
 lights on the. hills, which made fome of us imagine, 
 they were removing their effe^ back into the country, 
 in confequence of our threats. But we rather believe 
 them to have been the facrifices that were performing 
 on account of the war, in which they imagined thcm- 
 fclvcs about to be engaged ; and moft probably the bo- 
 dies of our flain countrymen were, at that time, burn- 
 ing. We afterwards faw fires of the fame kind, as wc 
 Eafled the idand of Morotoi ; and which, wc were told 
 y fome natives then on board, were made on account 
 of the war they had declared againft a neighbouring 
 ifland. And this agrees with what wc learned amongit 
 the Friendly and Society Ifles, that, previous to any ex- 
 pedition againd an enemy, the chiefs alwayscndcavnured 
 • to animate and inHatne the courage of the people by 
 feafts and rejoicings in the night. 
 
 We remained the whole ni^ht undifturbed, except 
 by the bowlings and lamentations which were heard 
 on Ibore: and early the next morning, Koah came 
 along-fidc the Rcfolution, with a prefentof cloth, and 
 a finall pig, which he defired Icav. i. jrclent Mr. 
 King, who was fuppofed by the native.. • - rj fon of 
 Capt. Cook; and as he, in his life-t- ,t always 
 
 fuftered them to believe it, Mr. King wa . . ■ ,y con- 
 fidered as the chief, after his death. He was queftioned 
 about the bod/, and, on his returning nothing but eva- 
 fiVeanfwert, his prefent; were refufed; and we were 
 going to difmifs him, with fome expreflions of anger 
 and refentmenr, had not Capt. Gierke, judging it bcft, 
 at all events, to keep up the appearance of friendftiip, 
 thought it more proper, that he (hould be treated with 
 the ufual refpcd. 
 
 This treacherous fellow came frequently to us, during 
 thecourfe of the forenoon, with lornc trifling prefent 
 or other; and as we always obferved him eyeing «very 
 part of the Ihip with preat attention, we took care he 
 Ihould fee we were well prepared for our defence. 
 
 He was exceedingly urgent, both with Capt. Gierke 
 and Mr. King, to go on ftiore, laying all the blame 
 of the detention of the bodies on the otheV chiefs ; and 
 afllirina us, that every thing might be fettled to our 
 fetisfadion, by a perfonai inter/iew with Terreeoboo. 
 Howevr, his condutft was too fufpicious to make it 
 prudent tocomply with this rM,iir» j and indeed a faft 
 came afterward to our knowledge, which proved the 
 entire falfehood of his pretenfions. For wc were told 
 that, immediately after the adlion in which Captain 
 Cook was killed, the old king had retired to a cave in 
 the fteeppart of the mounuin, that hangs over the bay. 
 which was acceflible only by the helpof ropes, and where 
 he remained for many days, having hu vidluals let 
 down to him by cords. 
 
 When Koah returned from the ftiips. we could per- 
 ceive that his countrymen, whohadbeencolleaed. by 
 break of day, m vaft crowds on the (here, thronged 
 about him with great eagernefs ; as if to learn the In- 
 tel,: jence he had acquired, and what was to be done in 
 confcquenre of it. Jt i. very probable, that they ex- 
 pedted wc fhould attempt to put our threats in eiecu- 
 tionj and they fccmcd fully refolved to ftand their 
 
 ground. During the whole morning, we heard conchs 
 blowing in different parts of the coaft; large parties 
 were feen marching over the hills; and, in Inort, ap> 
 pearances were fo alarming, that we carried out a 
 dream anchor, to enable us to haul the (hip abreaft of 
 the town, in cafe of an attack ; and (lationed boats ojf 
 the north point of the bay, to prevent a furprife from 
 that quarter. 
 
 The breach of their engagement to reftore the bo- 
 dies of the flain, and the warlike pofture, in which 
 they, at this time, appeared, occafioncd frcfh debates 
 amongft us concerning the meafufes next to be pur- 
 fued. It was, at lad, determined, that nothing thould 
 be fuffered to interfere with the repair of the mart, and 
 the preparations for our departure; but that we (hould, 
 neverthelcfs, continue our negociations for the recovery 
 of the bodies. 
 
 ThegreatedpaKof the day was taken up in getting 
 the foie mad into a proper fituation on deck, for the 
 carpenters to work upon it ; and in making the necef.- 
 fary alterations in the commiflions of the officers. The 
 command of the expedition having devolved on Cap- 
 tain Gierke, he removed on board the Relblution, ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant Gore to be Captain of the Difcovery. 
 and promoted Mr. Harvey, a midihipman, who had 
 been with Captain Cook in his two lalt voyages, to the 
 vacant Lieutenancy. During the whole day, we met 
 with no interruption from the natives; and, at night, 
 the launch was again moored with a tpp^hain ; and 
 guard-boats Rationed round both (hips as before. 
 
 About eight o'clock, it being very dark, a canoe. w'as 
 heard paddling toward the (hip; and as (bon as it was 
 fcen, both the ccntinels on deck fired into it. There 
 were two perfons in the canoe, and they immediately 
 roared out •• Tinnee," (which was the way in which 
 they pronounced Mr. King's name), and faid they 
 were friends, and had fomctning for him belonging to 
 Captain Cook. When they came on board, they threw 
 themfelves at our feet, and appeared exceedingly 
 frightened. Luckily neither of them was hurt, nou 
 withftanding the balls of both pieces had gone through 
 the canoe. One of them was the perfon, called the 
 Taboo man, who conftantly attended Captain Cook 
 with the circumftances of ceremony we have already 
 defcribed; and who, though a man of rank in th? 
 ifland, could fcarely be hindered from performing for 
 him the !ow;eft offices of a menial fervant. After k^ 
 menting, with abundance of tears, the lofs of the 
 Orono, he told us, that he had brought us a part of 
 his bodv. He then prefented to us a fmall bundle 
 wrapped up in cloth, which he brought under his annj 
 and it is impolTible to defcribe the horror which feizcd 
 u4, on finding in it, a piece of human fle(h, about nine 
 or ten pounds weight. This, he faid, was all that re- 
 mained of the body ; that the reft was cut to pieces, 
 and burnt; but that the head and ali the bones, except 
 what belonged to the trunk, were in the po(re(rion of 
 Terreeoboo, and the other Frees; that what we faw 
 had been allotted to Kaoo. the chief of the prlelts, to 
 be made ufe of in fome religious ceremony; and that 
 he had fent it as a proof of his innocence and attach- 
 ment to uk. 
 
 This avoided an opportunity of informing ourfclves, 
 *"""«'' thcv were cannibals J and we did not negloft 
 "' I. r " *''"'* ^ """"y •™''"^ queftions. put to 
 'u*^ L J *'*™'P*"' •°'«'"» '" w*«" manner the reft of 
 the bodies had been di^fed of; and finding them 
 very conftant in one ftory, that, after the flefh had been 
 
 *^"* "«'.." *" ■" ^""' *«« '"^ P"t **K d're<a quef- 
 tion, \N hether they had not eat fome of It? They im- 
 mediately ftiewed as much horror at the idea, m any 
 European would have done; and a(kcd, very naturally. 
 ifthatwas the cuftom amongft us? They afterward 
 aflced us,with great eameftnefs add apparent appre- 
 henfion, "When the Orono would comragain.* and 
 what he would do to them on hia return ? The fame 
 in(juiry was frequently made afterward by others; and 
 this Idea agrees with the general tenour of their con- 
 duft toward him, which (hewed, that they confidered 
 nim as a being of a fuperiornature. 
 
 W» 
 
 I 
 
 ft.'jii 
 
 :m 
 
 m 
 
36 
 
 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I' 
 
 
 t 
 
 *>t 
 
 We prelFcd our two friendly vifitors to remain on 
 board till morning; but in vain. They tuld ui, that, 
 if this tranfadion (hould come to the knowledge of the 
 king, or chiefs, it might be attended with thcinofl fatal 
 conTequenccs to their whole fociety i in order to prevent 
 which, they had been obliged to come off to us in the 
 dark ; and that the fame precaution would be ncccflary 
 in returning on Ihore. They informed us farther, that 
 the chiefs were eager v> revenge the death of their 
 countrymen! and particularly cautioned us againll 
 trufting Koah, who, they faid, was our mortal and im- 
 placable enemy ; and dcfircd nothing more ardently, 
 than an opportunity of fighting us; to which the blow- 
 ing of the conchs, we had heard in the morning, was 
 meant as a challenge. 
 
 We learned from thcfe nnen, that feventecn of their 
 countrymen were killed in the firfl adion at Kowrowa, 
 of whom five were chiefs) ^nd that Kaneena and his 
 brother, our very particular friends, were unfortunately 
 cf that number. Eight, they faid, were killed at 
 the obfervatory ; three of whom were alfo of the firft 
 rank. 
 
 About eleven o'ck)ck, our two friends left us, and 
 took the precaution to dpfire, that our guard*boat 
 iinight attend them, till they had palled the Difco- 
 very, left they fliould again be fired upon, which 
 might alarm their countrymen on Autre, and ex> 
 ,poM them to the danger of being difcovered. This 
 jfequcft was complied with; and we had the fatis- 
 faaion to findj that they got fafc and undifcovered to 
 land. 
 
 During the rennaindcr of this night, we heard the 
 fame loud howling and lamentations, as in the pre- 
 ceding one. Early on Tuefday morning, we received 
 another villt froni Koah. It mufl be confcfTed we were 
 a little piqued to fin^, that, notwithflanding the moft 
 evident mark* of treachery in his conduct, and the 
 pofitive tefKinony of our friends the priefta, he fliould 
 (till be permitted to carry on the fame farce, and to 
 make us at Icril appear to be the dupes of his hy- 
 pocrify. Indeed our iuuation wu becpme extremely 
 awkward and unpromifing) nonepf tht) purpofes for 
 which this pacific courfc of proceeding had been 
 adopted, havii^ l^tberto been in the lealt forwardod 
 by it. No fatisfadory anfwer whatever had been ^ven 
 to ouf demands ; we did no|t |(bem to be a^ a|l adva-ncod 
 towards a reconciliation witl) the iflanilersi thcv ftill 
 kept in force on the fliore, as if determined to refift any 
 attempts we might nake lo bndu and yet the auempt 
 was become ^bfolutcly neq^ry, as it^ conipletiiig 
 our fupply of water would not admit of any longer 
 delay. 
 
 However it mud be obferved, in juftice to the con- ' 
 dud of Capt. Clerke, that it was very probable, from 
 the great numbers of the natives, and uom the relb- 
 lution with which they fecmcd to expcd us, an attacjt 
 could not hitve been made without tome dangers and 
 \ vthat the lofs of a very few men might have been fevercly 
 felt by us, during the remaining courfe of our voyage. 
 Whereas the delaying the execution of our threats, 
 tltough, on the one hand, it leficned their opinion of 
 our prowcfs, had the effed of caullng them to dif- 
 peric, on t,te other. For, this day, about noon, finding 
 ,us perfift in our inadivity, creat bodies of th«n, after 
 blowing tjieir . conclis, and ufing every mode of de- 
 fiance, mi^rche^ oiT, over the hilU, and never appeared 
 alterward. Thofe, however, who remained, were not 
 ihc Icf^ daring and iniblent. One man had thie audacity 
 [to come within mulquct-Oiot, a-headof the (hip; and. 
 \tUt (lin<^ing feveral Aones at us, he waved Capf.t 
 CookV hat over his head, whilft his countrymen on 
 ilioie were exulting and encoura^ia|; his boldncfs. 
 Ourpcopte were all in a flame at thu mfult, and cem> 
 *jng n a body oo the quarter-idcck, bagged they 
 uiigVit no longer b|6flbliged to put up with thefe re- 
 peated provocatiori»» and requcftcd Mr. Kii^ toobuin 
 pormidiuri for them, from Capt. Clerke, to avail them- 
 ' fdvcs of thc^ft fair occafion of revenging the death of 
 * their commander. On his acquainting him with what 
 uai palTing, he ^juve orders for fome great guns to be 
 
 .7/ * 
 
 fired at the natives on lliore; and promifcd the crcw» 
 that if they Ihould meet with any molcftation at the wa- 
 tering-place, the next day, they 11u)uld then be left at 
 liberty cochaftife them. 
 
 It is fomewhat remarkable, that, before we could 
 bring our guns to bear, the iflanders had fufpcded our 
 intentions, from theflir they faw in the Ihip, and had 
 retired behind their houfcs and walls. We were there- 
 fore obliged to fire, in fome meafure, at random; not- 
 * withftandinff which, our fliot produced all the effedis 
 that could have been defired. For. foon after, we (aw 
 Koah paddling towards us, wijli cxtreipe hafte, and 
 on his arrival,.we learned, that Ibmc people had been 
 killed, and amongfl the reft, Maiha-maiha, a principal 
 chief, and a near relation of the king. 
 
 Soon after the arriv*l of Kwh. two boys fwam off 
 front the Moral towards the ifiif», Vvi?ig each a long 
 fpear in his hand; and after they bad approachedjpr(;i|ty 
 near, they began to chant a fong, in a very folcron 
 manner; theTubncd of which, from their often men- 
 tioning the word Orono, and pointing tu tlie village 
 where Capt. Cook was killed, wc concluded to be the 
 late calamitous difaftcr. Having fung in aplaintivc drain 
 for about twelve or fifteen minutes, durn^ the whole 
 of which time they renuiued in the water,, they w^t 
 on boaid the Difcovery, and delivered their fpears; and, 
 after making a fhort (lay, cctuuicd on (hore. Who 
 fent them, or what was the objoft of this ceremony, we 
 were never able to learn. 
 
 At night, the ufual precautions were taken for the fo> 
 curity of the (hips ; and as foon as it was darjc, our two 
 friends, who had viiitcd us the night before,- came off 
 again. They alTured us, that though the effeds of ourgreat 
 guns this afternoon, Ind terrified the chiefs exceedingly, 
 thev had by no means laid afidc their bqftile intentions, 
 and advifed us to be on our guafd. 
 
 On Wednefday rooming, the boats of both ihipt 
 were fent afliorc for water i and the Difcovery was 
 warped clofe to the beach, in order to cover that Cer,' 
 vice. We foon found, that the intelligence which the 
 priefts had feiu us, was not without foundation; and 
 that the aatiycs were refolved to take every opportunity 
 of annoying un, when it could be done w^tnout much 
 rifle. , , 
 
 Throughdut aH tbisgipupof iflands, the vill^es,.for 
 the mo(l part, are fituated near the fea; and the adja- 
 cent ground is inclofed with (lone walls, about three uct 
 high. Thcfe, we at fird imagined, were intended for 
 the diviiion of proper^ ; but we now difcovered, that 
 they fervcd, and probably were principally ^efi^ned, for 
 a defence againfl invafion. They conlid of loole doncs, 
 and the inhabitants are very dextrous in (hifting than, 
 with great quicknefs, to flich fituations, as the direc- 
 tion of the attack may require. In the fides of the 
 mounuin, which hangs over the bay, they have alfo lit- 
 tle holes, or caves, ot^conliderab|e depth, the entrance 
 of which is fecured hj a fence of the fame kind. From 
 behind both thefe defences the natives kept perpetually 
 .Jiarallingour waterers with flones t nor could the fmall 
 force wc had on (bore, with the advantage of mufqucts, 
 compel them to retreat. 
 
 In this expoled, fituation, our people were fo taken 
 up in attending to their owniafety, tlut they employ- 
 ed the whole ifbrcnoon in (illirig only one ton of water. 
 As it was therefore impofTiWe to perform this fcrvice, 
 till their afliilants were driven to a greater didancc, 
 the Difcovery was ordered to diflodge them, with her 
 great guns I which being efll-dcd by a few difcharges, 
 the men landed without muUilation. However, the 
 natives foon after made their appearance again, in their 
 ufual mode of attack; and it was now found abfolutely 
 neccfTary to b'.:rn down foinc (haggling houfes, near 
 the wall, behind which they had taken llielter. In ex- 
 ecuting thefe orders, wc are forry to add, that our peo- 
 ple were hMrricd into ads of unijeccfTary cruelty and 
 dcvaftation. Something ought cetuinly to be allowed 
 to^tbeir rcfcn^mcnt of tne repeated iniultt, and con- 
 temptuous behaviour of the iflanders, and to the na- 
 tural defire of rcvcngmg the lofs of their comman- 
 der. But, at the (amc time, their conduA fervcd 
 
 flrongly 
 
cook's first voyage — for making Di/covcrics in the South Seas & Round the World. 37 
 
 left at 
 
 81 
 
 ftrongly to evince, that the utmoft precaution is nc- 
 ceflary in trufting, though but for a moment, the 
 difcretionary ufe ofarms, in the bonds of private fea- 
 men, or foldiers, on fuch occafions. The rigour of 
 difcipline.andthe habits of obedience, by which their 
 force i.i kept direftcd to its proper objedls, lead them 
 naturally enough to conceive, that whatever they have 
 the power, they have alfo the right to do- Adhial dif- 
 obedience being almoft the only crime for which they 
 arc accuflomed to expcft puniftiment. they learn to 
 confider it as th*- only meafure of right and wrong; 
 and hence are apt co conclude, that wnat they can do 
 with impunity, they may dowithjuftice and honour. 
 So that the feelings of humanity, wliich arc infepara- 
 ble from us all, and that generofity towards an un- 
 refiding enemy, which, at other times, is the diAin- 
 guifliing mark of brave men, become but wcakrcHraints 
 to the exercifc of violence, when oppofcd to the defire 
 they naturally have of (hewing their own independence 
 ana power. 
 
 We have already mentioned, that orders had been 
 
 given to burn only a few draggling huts, which afforded 
 
 Dielter to the natives. We were therefore a good deal . 
 
 furprized to fee the whole village on (ires and before a 
 
 boat, that was Tent to ftop the pnwrefs of the mifchief, 
 
 .could reach the (hore, the houfes of our old and conltant 
 
 Vfriends, the prie(h, were all in flames. We cannot 
 
 enough lament the illnefs, that confined Mr. King on 
 
 board this day. The priefls had always been under 
 
 his protedlion . ^nd, unluckily, the o(ficers who were 
 
 then on duty,havipg been fcldom on (hore at the Mo- 
 
 *' ni, were not much acquainted with the circumftances 
 
 ,' of the place. Had he been prefcnt himfeif, he might 
 
 !; probably have been the means of faying their little io~ 
 
 ciety from deftrudlion. 
 
 Several of the natives were (hot, in mtdting their 
 efcape from the (lames ; and our people cut o(F the 
 . heads of two of them, and brought them on board. 
 The fate of one poor iflander was much lamented by 
 us all. As he was coming to the well for watar, he 
 was fliot at by one of the marines. The bail (Vruck his 
 caliba(h, which he immediately threw from him and 
 fled. He was purfucd into one of the caves, and no 
 lion could have defended his den with greater courage 
 and ficrcenefst till at la(t, after having kept two of our 
 people at bay for a conHderable time, he expire^ 
 covered with wounds. It was this accident, that 
 firft brought i» acquainted with the ufe of thefe 
 caverns. 
 
 At this time, an clderlr naan was taken pri(bn<:r, 
 bound, and fent on board in the fiunoe boat with the 
 heads of his two countrymeiu Wc never fivw honor To 
 ftrongly pidured, as in the face of this nuui, nor fo 
 violent a tranlition to extravagant joy, as when he vKat 
 untied, and told he might go away in fafe^. He 
 fltewed us he did not want gratitude, as he frequently 
 afterwards returned with prclents of proviHons j aad alto 
 did us other fervices. 
 
 Soon after the village was deilrovcd, we (aw, coming 
 down the hill, a man, anended by fifteen or twenty 
 boys, holding pieces of white cloth, green boughs, 
 planuins, &c. in their haadi. Wckncw not how it 
 happetted, that this peaceful embaflfy, as foon as th^ 
 were within reach, received the fire of a party of our 
 men. This, however, did not (lop them. They con- 
 tinue 1 their proceflton, and the oflicer on duty came 
 up, in time, to prevent a fecond difchargc. As they 
 
 Sproached nearer, it was found to be our much- . 
 eemed friend Kaireekcea, who had fled on our firft 1 
 fetting fire to the village, and had now returned^, and 
 delircd to be fent on board the Refolution. 
 
 When he arrived, we found him exceedingly graye 
 and thoughtful. Wc endeavoured to ma ke him under- 
 ftand thenecedity we were under of fetting Are to the 
 village, by Which his houfe, and thofe of nis brethren, 
 were unintentionally confumed. He expoltulated a 
 little with us on our want of friendfhip, and on wr 
 ingratitude. And, indeed, it was not till now, that 
 wc learnt the whole extent of the injury we had done 
 them. He toU us, that, relying on the promilcs fve 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 had made them, and on the a(ruranccs rhcy had after- 
 wards received from the men, who h.id brought us the 
 remains of Captain Cook, they had not removed their 
 efl^cdls back into the country, with the reft of the 
 inhabitants, but had put every thing that wns va- 
 luable of their own, as well as what they had coU 
 Icdled from us, into a houfe clofe to the Morai, where 
 they had the mortification to fee it all fct on (ire by 
 ourfelvcs. 
 
 On coming on board, he had fcen the heads of h-s 
 countrymen lying on the deck, at which he was ex- 
 ceedingly (hocked, and defired, with great earneftnefs, 
 that they might be thrown over*board. This re- 
 qucft Capt. Clerke indantly ordered to be complied 
 with. 
 
 In the evening, the watering party returned on board, 
 having met with no farther interruption, Wc pafTcd 
 a gloomy night t the cries and lamentations we heard 
 on (hore being far more dreadful than ever. Our only 
 confolation ^as, the hope that wc (hould have no occa- 
 (ion, in future, for a repetition of fuch feverities. 
 
 It is very extraordinary, that amidft all thefe dif- 
 turbances, the women of the ifland, who were on 
 board, never offered to leave us, nor difcovered the 
 fmallcd apprehenfions either for thcmfelvcs or their 
 friends afnore. So entirely unconcerned did they ap- 
 pear, that fome of them, who were on deck wheii 
 the town was in flames, fcemed to admire the fight, 
 and frequently cried out, that it was maitai, or vf ry 
 fine. 
 
 On Thurfday morning, Koah came off as ufual to 
 the (hips. As there exi(^ed no longer any necelKty 
 for keeping terms with him, Mr. King was allowed 
 to haye his own way. V\ hen he approached toWards 
 the fide of the (hip, finging his fong, and ofl^ering a 
 hog, and fome plantains, we ordered him to keep Off, 
 cautioning him never to appear again without Capt. 
 Cook's bones, left his life (hould pay the forfeit of his 
 frequent breach of promife. He did notappear much 
 mortified with this reception, but went immediately 
 onlbore, and joined a party of his cbuntrythcn, who 
 were pelting the watercrs with ftones. The body oT 
 the young man, who had been killed the day before, 
 was found this morning, lying at the entrance of the 
 cave^ and fooie of our people went, and threw a mat 
 oycf It. Soon after which they faw fome men carrying 
 hira offon their (houlders, and could hear them Img- 
 in^, as they marched, a mournful fong. 
 
 The natives, being at iaft convinced, that it was 
 not the want of ability topuijifh them, which had hi- 
 therto made us tolerate their proxocations, dclifted 
 from giving us any farther moleftatioii; and, in the 
 evening, a chief called Eappp, who had feldom vifited, 
 us, but whom we knew to be a man of the very firft 
 confequen^re, came with prefents from Tcrreeoboo to 
 fue for peace. Thefe prefents were received, and he 
 was difmiifed with the fame anfwcr which had before 
 b^n given, that, until the remains of Capt. Cook 
 (hould be rcftored, no peace would be granted. We 
 iearned from this pcrfon, tljat the flefh of all the bodies 
 of our people, together with t,he bones of the truJtks, 
 had been burnt \ that the limb irancs of the marines 
 ihad been divided amongft the inferior chiefs; and that 
 thofe of Gipt. Cook had been difpofcd of in the follow- 
 ing manner: the head, to a great chief, called Kahoo- 
 opeon; the hair ti) Maia-maia, and the legs, thighs, 
 and arms to Terrceoboo. After it was dark, many ok 
 the inhabitaitts came pff with roots and other vegeta- 
 bles; and we alfo received two large prefents of the 
 lame articles from Kaiieckeca. 
 
 Friday the 19th of February, was chiefly taken up 
 in fending and receiving the melTages which palfed 
 between Capt. Clerke and Terreeohoo. Eappo was 
 very prelling, that one. of our officers fliould go orx 
 (hore; and, in the meantime, offered to remain ^s an 
 hoftage on board. This requeft, however, it was not 
 thought proper t;o comply with; and he left us with a 
 
 Eroniife of bringing the botjes the next day. At the 
 each the waterers did. not meet with the leaft op- 
 pofitionfrom the natives; who, notwithflanding our 
 ^ cautious 
 
 
 si 
 
 ill 
 
 m 
 
 '■' i 
 
AGES COMPLETE, 
 
 H { 
 
 cautious behaviour, came amonur ui again, without 
 tho finallell appearance of diffidence or apprchcn- 
 fion. 
 
 Between ten and eleven o'clock of the 20th, we faw 
 a great number of people defccnding the hill, which 
 is over the beach, in a kind of proccflion, each man 
 carrying a fugar.canc or two on his ihoulders, and 
 bread-fruit, taro, and plantains in his hand. They 
 were preceded by two drummers; who, when they 
 ciime to the water-fide, fat down by a white flag, and 
 began to beat their drums, while thofe who had fol- 
 low cd them, advanced, one by one; and, having de- 
 polited the prcfcnts , they had brought, retired in the 
 fame order. Soon after, Eappo came in fight, in his 
 long feathered cloak, bearing fomcthing with great fo- 
 lemnicy in his hands; and having placed himfelfon a 
 roclc, he made fiens for a boat to Be fcnt him. 
 
 Captain Clerke^ conieifluring that he had brought 
 the bones of Captain Cook, which proved to be the 
 fad, went him(c!f in the pinnace to receive them; and 
 ordered me to attend him in the cutter. When we ar- 
 rived at the beach, Eappo came into the pinnace, and 
 delivered to the captain the bones wrapped up in a 
 large quantity of fine new cloth, and covered with a 
 fpotted cloak of black and white feathers. He after- 
 ward attended us to the Refolution ; but could not be 
 prevailed upon to go on board ; probably not choofing, 
 fVom a feiife of decency, tobeprefent at the opening of 
 the bundle. We found in it both the hands of Cap- 
 tain Cook entire, which were well known from a re- 
 markable fear on one of them, that divided the thumb 
 from the fore finger, the whole length of the meta^ 
 carpal bone ; the flcull, but with the fcalp fcpanted 
 from it, and the bones that form the face wanting; the 
 fi:alp, with the hair upon it cut fliort, and ^hc ears ad- 
 hering to it ; the bones of both arms, with the flcin of 
 the fore-arms hanging to them; the thigh and lee- 
 bones joined together, but without the feet. The li- 
 gaments of the joints were entire; and the whole bore 
 evident marks of having beCn in the fire, except the 
 hands, which had the flefii left upon them, and were 
 cut in feveral places, and crammed with fait, appa- 
 rently with an intention of prcferving them. The 
 fcalp had a cut in the back part of it, but the (kull was 
 free from any frafture. The lower jaw and feet, which 
 were wanting, Eappo told us, had been feized by dif- 
 ferent chiefs, and that Tcrrecoboo was ufing every 
 means to recover them. 
 
 The next morning, Feb. 21, Eappo, and the king's 
 fon, came on board, and brought with them the re- 
 maining bones of Captain Cook ; the barrels of his 
 gun, hii fliocs, and fome other triilcs that belonged to 
 him. Eappo took great pains to convince us, that Ter- 
 recdboo, Maiha-maiha, andliimfelf were moft heartily 
 dcfirous of peace; that they had given us the mo(t 
 convincing proof of it in their power; and that they 
 had been prevented from giving it fooner by the other 
 chiefs, many of whom were ftill our enemies. He 
 lamented, with the greateft forrow, the death of fix 
 chiefs we had killed, fome of whom, he faid, were 
 amongft our beft friends. ' The cutter, he told us, was 
 taken away by Parcea's people; very probably in re- 
 venge for the blow that had been given him ; and that it 
 had been broken up the next day. The arms of rhe 
 marines, which we had alfodemanded.heaffured us, had 
 been carried off by the common people, and were ir- 
 recoverable ; the bones of the chief alone having been 
 preferved, as bclonging.to Terrceoboo and the Erecs. 
 
 Nothing now remained, but to perform the laft of- 
 fices to our great and unfortunate commander. Eappo 
 was difmifled with orders to taboo all the bay ; and. in 
 the afternoon, the bones having been put into a coffin, 
 and the fervicc read over them, they were committed 
 to the deep with the ufual military honours. What 
 . our feelings were on this occafion, we muft leave the 
 ' world to conceive ; thofe who were prefent know, that 
 it ii not in our power to cxprefs them. 
 
 During the forenoon of^Feb. 22, not a canoe was 
 Iben paddling in the Iny ; the taboo, which Eappo had 
 Jaid en it the day before, at our rtqueft, not being yet 
 
 taken o|f. At length Eappo came off to us. We af- 
 fured him, that wc were now entirely fittisfie.) j and ' 
 that, as the Orono was buried, all remembrance of 
 what had palTcd was buried with him. We afterward 
 defired him to take off the tabro, and to make it 
 known, that the people might bring their provifions as 
 ufual. The fhips were foon luirouniini with fanocs 
 and many of the chiefs came on board, cxprrllint; .rrcat 
 forrow at what had happened, and tluir fatisfaeiion at 
 our reconciliation. Several of our friends, who did not 
 vilit us, fent prefents of large hogs, and other provi- 
 fions. Amongfi the reft came the old treacherous Koah 
 but who was refufed admittance. ' 
 
 As wc had now every thing ready ff)r fea, Captain 
 Gierke imagining, thot, if the news of our proceed- 
 ings fiiould reach the illands to leeward before us, it 
 might have a bad t(Yci\, gave orders to unmoor. 
 About eight in the evening we dilmifled all the n.il 
 tives; and Kap|K), and the friendly Kaireckcca, took 
 an afl'cdionatc leave of us. We immediately weighed, 
 and flood out of the bay. The natives were colleded on 
 thelhore in great numbers; and, as we palfcd along > 
 received our laft farewcis with every mark of affceiion 
 and good will. 
 
 As a navigator, Capt. Cook's fervices were pcrhap« 
 not lefs fplendid than important and meritorious. The 
 method which he difcovcrcd, and fo fucccfsfully pur- 
 fued, of preferving the health of feamen. forms a new 
 ara in the oeconomy of navigation, and will tranfmit 
 his name to future ages, among the friends and bene- 
 fadlors of mankind, 
 
 Thofewhoareconverfant in naval hiftory, need not 
 be told, at how dear a rate the advantages, which have 
 been fought, through the medium of long vovages at 
 fea, have always been purchafed. That dreadful dif- 
 order which is peculiar to this fcrvice, and whofc ra- 
 vages have marked the tracks of difcoverers with cir- 
 cumftancesalmoft too fliocking to relate, muft, with- 
 out exercifing an unwarrantable tyranny over the lives 
 of our feamen, have proved an infupcrable obftacle to 
 the profecution of fuch enterprises. Ft was rcferved for 
 Captain Cook to ftiew the world, by repeated trialt^ 
 that voyages might be protraAed to the unufual length 
 of three or even four years, in unknown regions, and 
 under every change and rigour of climate, not only 
 without affedling the health, but even without dimi- 
 niftiing the probability of life, in the fmalleft degree. 
 The method he purfucd has been fully explained by 
 himfelf, in a paper which was read before the Royal 
 Society, in the year 1 776, by Sir Godfrey Capley, who 
 had a gold medal adjudged to him on that occafion ( 
 and whatever improvements the experience of his third 
 voyage has fuggefted, will be mentioned in this work 
 in their proper jplaccs. 
 
 With refpea to his profeflknal abilities, we (hall 
 now leave them to the judgement of thofe who 
 are beft acquainted with the nature of thi^ fcrvicca 
 in which he was engaged. They will readily ac* 
 knowledge, that to have condu(5ted three expedition* 
 of fo much danger and difficulty, of founufuai a length, 
 and in fuch a variety of fituation, with uniform and 
 invariable fuccefs, muft have required not only a tho- 
 rough and accurate knowledge of his bufinefs, but a 
 powerful and comprchenfive genius, fruitful in re- 
 fources, and equally ready in the application of what, 
 ever the higher and inferior calls of the fer^ice required. 
 
 Wc cannot here forbear noticing a medal, which 
 has been executed by Mr. Pingo, for the Roval So- 
 ciety, to perpetuate the memory of a man, whofe 
 merit is far fuperior to panegyric, but which medal, 
 we are forry to fay, does not convey a ftriking likencft 
 of Capt. Cook, though in fome rcfpe£ls elegantly de- 
 figned. • 
 
 On one fide of this medal is given a relief of Cap- 
 tain Cook, with this infcription, Jac. Cook, Oceavi 
 INVESTIGATOR ACBRRiMus: immediately under the 
 head is expreflfed in fmallcr charaders, Reg. Sec, Land. 
 Socn/tto. On the rcverfe appears an creitt figure of 
 Britannia ftanding upon a plain: the left arm relts 
 upon an hieroglyphic pillar: her right arm is projedcd 
 
 over 
 
 wsm 
 
cook's first VOYAGB — for making DiftovtrUs in tbc Soutif Seas & Round the It'or/d. 39 
 
 over a globe, and contains a rymbol, cxprcflive of the 
 celebrated circumnavigator's emcrpri/.mg genius. The 
 infcription round the reverfc i«. Nil intentatum 
 NOSTRi LiQyER«« «««* ""<!" ^^'^ '^K"" »» Britannia. 
 Aurpiciii Georgii ill. , 1. . . . 
 
 A few were ftruck off in gold, which arc faid to be 
 difpofed of as follows: 
 
 One to His Britannic Majefty. under whofe aufpices 
 Captain Cook proceeded on his diftovcrics. 
 
 One to the king of Franc*, for his great courtefy in 
 aiving a fpecific charge to his naval commanders to 
 forbear an hoftile conduft to either of th« (hips under 
 Captain Cook's command, and to afford every affiftance 
 in their power in cafe they fell in with them. 
 
 One to the Emprefs of Ruffia, for her great hofpi- 
 tality to Captain Cook, when he touched at Kamtf-. 
 chatka. 
 
 One to Mrs. Cook, the Captain's relift. 
 
 One to be depofited in the Britilh Mufcum, and one 
 to remain in the college of the Royal Society. 
 
 There were alfo fcveral filvcroncs diftributed amonglt 
 the Lords of the Admiralty, and other diftinguifticd 
 perfonages. 
 
 The principal obje<as of thefe voyages will be beft ex- 
 plained by inferting the following extra(fts from 
 Captain Cook's inlfruftions, for undertaking and 
 performing his laft voyage, tlaied Admiralty Office, 
 July 6, 1 776, and figncd by Lord Sandwich, and two 
 other commiffioners. 
 
 " YOU are hereby required and direfted, His Ma- 
 jefty having a good opinion of your abilities, to take 
 the command of the Refolution and Difcovery, and 
 proceed upon a voyage of finding out a northern paf- 
 Ikge by fea, from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 " On vour ■ /al at the Cape of Good Hope, you 
 are to rcfrefti i lloops companies. 
 
 " You are, if jpoffible, to leave the Cape of Good Hope 
 by the end of Odober, oc the beginning of November 
 next, and proceed to the fouthward infearch of fomc 
 iflands Taid to have been lately feen by the French, in 
 the latitude of 48 deg. fouth, and about the meridian of 
 Mauritius. In cafe you find thofc iflandt, you arc to ex- 
 amine them thoroughly for a good harbour ; and upon 
 difcovering one, make the neccffary obfervations to fa- 
 cilitate the finding it .igain; as a good port, in that fi- 
 tuation, may hereafter prove very ufeful. You are then 
 to proceed to Otaheitc, or the Society Ides (touching 
 lat New Zealand in your way thither, if you flwuld judge 
 it neceffary and convenient) and taking care to arrive 
 there time enough to admit of your giving the floops 
 companies the refrelhment they may (land in need of. 
 
 " Upon your arrival at Otaheite, or the Society Ides, 
 you are to land Omiah at fuch of them as he may 
 choofe. and to leave him there. 
 
 " You are to diftribute among the chiefs of thofc 
 iflands fuch part of the prefents with which you have 
 been fupplied, as you fliail judge propter, referving the 
 remainder to di'li ibute among the natives of the coun- 
 tries you raikj difcover in the northern hcmifpherc. 
 You arc to leave thofc iflands in the beginning of Fe- 
 bruary, or fooncr if you (hall judge it neceflary, and 
 then proceed in as ditvdi a courfe as you can to the coaft 
 of New Albion, endeavouring to faH in with it in the 
 kttitudeof45 deg. north. 
 
 •• Upon your arrival on the coa(t of New Albion, you 
 are to put into the firft convenient port to recruit your 
 wood and water, and procure refrefhments, and then 
 to proceed northward along the coaft, as far as the la- 
 titude of 65 deg. or farther, where wc could wi(h you 
 to arrive in the month of June next. W)icn you get 
 that length, you arc very carefully to fearch for, arid to 
 explore, fuch rivers or inlets as may appear to be of a 
 coniidcrable extent, and pointing towards Hudfdn's or 
 Baffin's Bays; and if, from your own obfervations, or 
 from any information you may receive from the na- 
 tives (who, there is reaion to believe, arc the fame race 
 of people, and fpcak the fame language, of which you 
 afc furniflicd with a vocabulaiy, u the Efquimaux) 
 
 there (hall appear t(> be a certainty, or even a proba- 
 bility, of a water paffage into the afori'-mcntioitcit bays, 
 or either of them, you are, in fuch cafe, to ufe your 
 utmofl endeavours to pafs through with one or both of 
 the floops, unlefs you (hall be of opinion that the paffu(:e 
 may be cffe(fled with more ccrtaiiUy, or \vit1i greater 
 probability, by fmaller vcffeU, in uhich cafe you arc. 
 to fct up the frames of one or both the fmaii veffcis 
 with which you arc provided, and, when they arc put 
 together, and are properly (ittcd, ftorcd, and vivTluailcd, 
 you are to difp^tch one or both of them, under the care 
 of proper officers, men, and boats, in order to attempt 
 the faid paffage. But, ncverthelcfs, if you (hall find it 
 more eligible to purfuc other meafures than thofc above 
 y pointed out, in order to make a difcovery of the before- 
 mentioned palT-igc, (if any fuch there be) you are at li- 
 berty, and we leave it to your difcret ion, to purfue fuch 
 meafures accordinjgly. 
 
 " In cafe vou (hall be fatisfied that there is no pnfTage 
 through to the above-mentioned bays, fufficient tor the 
 purpofes of navigation, you are, at the -proper fcafon 
 of the year, to repair to the pott of St. I'ctcr and St. 
 Paul, in Kamtfchatka, or wherever clfc you fliall judge 
 more proper, in drder to refrcHi your people and pal's 
 the winter; and, in the fpring of the cnfuing year, 
 1778, to proceed from thence to the northward, as far 
 as, in your prudence, you may think proper, in further 
 fearch of a north-call, or noth-weft paffage, from the 
 Pacific Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean, or the North 
 Sea: and if, from your own obfcrvation, or informal 
 tion, there (hall appear to be a probability of fuch paf- 
 fage, you are to proceed as above directed : and, having 
 dilcovercd fuch paffage, or failed in the attempt, make 
 the beft of your way back to England, by fuch route as 
 you may think beft for the improvement of geography 
 and navigation. 
 
 " At whate- places you may touch .in the cour(« 
 of your voyage, where accurate obfervations have not 
 already been made, you are, as far as your time will 
 allow, very carefully to obferve the true fituation of 
 fuch places, both in latitude and longitude; the va- 
 riation of the needle; bearings of head-lands; height, 
 dire^ion, and courfe of the tides and currents; depths 
 and foundings of the fea; flioals, rocks, &c. and alfo 
 to furvey, make charts, and take views of fuch bays, 
 harbours, and different parts of the coaff, and to make 
 fuch notations thereon, as may be ufeful either to na- 
 vigation or commerce. You are alfo carefully to ob- 
 ferve the nature of the foil, and the produce thereof. 
 You are likewife to obferve the genius, temper, difpo- 
 fition, and number of the inhabitants, where you find 
 any ; and to endeavour to cultivate a fricndfliip with 
 them.. 
 
 " You are alfo, with the confent of the natives, to take 
 poffcfllon, in the name of the king of Great Britain, 
 of convenient fituations in fuch countries as you may 
 difcover, that have not already been difcovered or vi- 
 fited by any other European power; and to diftributc 
 among the inhabitants fuch things as will remain as 
 traces and tedimonies of your having been there: but 
 if you find the countries fo difcovered are uninhabited, 
 you arc to take poffeffion of them for His Majefty, by 
 fcttiiw up proper marks and infcriptions. 
 
 " You are, by all opportunities, to fend to our fe- 
 cretary accounts of your proceedings; and upon your 
 arrival in England, you are immediately to repair to 
 this office, in order to lay before us a full account of 
 the whole courfe of your voyafec; taking care, before 
 you leave the floop, to demand from the officers and 
 petty officers, the log-books and journals they may 
 have kept, and to fealthem up for our infpedlion; and 
 enjoining them and the whole crew, not to divulge 
 where they have been, until they fliall have permilEon 
 fo to do : apd you are to diredl Captain Gierke to do 
 the '"^me, with rcfpc(fl to the' officers, petty officers, 
 and crew of the Dilirovery." 
 
 Having here given the moft faithful account we 
 have been able to colled, both from our own obfer- 
 vations, and the relations of othcri, of the life, death, 
 
 public 
 
 m ■ 
 
 m. 
 
\ 
 
 
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 ); 
 
 1 ,. 
 
 !i 
 
 ■ji 
 
 !l 
 
 f : 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ( 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 puUk fervicn and charaAer of thia excellent com- 
 mander, we flull now leave hit memory to the grati- 
 tude and admiration ofpofterity. 
 
 Having here (to oblige our Subfcribenand the Public^ 
 related puticulan of a very interclUng nature, ana 
 which niiuft be highly accepuble to tn« world, we 
 [ Ihall refume the narrative of the jirfi voyage, which 
 will be followed with ituficomi andT itird voyages in 
 their r^piltr enkr. 
 
 . ON the 13th of July, 1768. after leaving the ifland 
 of Otaheite, we continued our courfe, with clear weather 
 wd a gentle brecxci and were informed ^Tupia, that 
 (our ifhindi which he called Huaheine, Ulietea, Ouha, 
 and Bolabola, were at the diftance of about one or two 
 dayi fail I and that hogs, fowla, and other refreftunenu, 
 very fcarce on board, were to be got there in great 
 abundance. He alfo mentioned an iiland to the north- 
 ward, which he called Tcthuroa. It it fituated north 
 half weft, eight league* diftant from the northern ex- 
 tremity of Ouheite. It wai a fmall low ifland, but aa 
 Tupia faid, without any fettled inhabiunu. On the 
 |(tn we made but little way, on account of the calm* 
 which fucceeded the light breezes. Tupia often prayed 
 to his god Tanc for a wind, and boafted of his fuccefs, 
 which uideed he took care to infure, by never applying 
 to Tane, till he faw a breeze fb near, that he knew it 
 muft reach the Oiip before his prayer was concluded. 
 
 On the 1 6th, we (bunded near the north-weft part of 
 the ifland of Huaheine, but found no bottom at 70 fa- 
 thoms. Several canoes put off 1 but the Indians fcemed 
 feufal of coming near the bark, till the (ight of Tupia 
 lemoved thdr apprehenfions. They then canne along 
 fide, and the king of the ifland, with his queen^.came on 
 board. They feemcd furprized at whatever was fliewn 
 them, but made no enquiries after any thing but what 
 was offered to their notice. After fome time they be- 
 came more familiar ; and the king, whofe name wu 
 Oree, as a token of amity, propofcdexchanging names 
 with Captain Cook, which was readily accepted. We 
 ^ound the people here nearly funilar to thofe of Ota- 
 heite in almod eveiy particular 1 but, if Tupia might 
 be credited, they are not like them addided to thiev- 
 ing. Hiving anchored in a fmall but convenient har- 
 bour, on the weft fide of Uie ifland. (called by the mtives 
 Owparre) we went on flwre with Mr. Banks, and (bme 
 other gentlemen, accompanied by the king and Tupia. 
 The moment we landed, Tuoia uncovered bimfelf as 
 low as the waift, and deflred nf r. Monkhoufe to follow 
 his example. Being (catcd, he now began a fpeech, or 
 prayer, which lafted about twenty nunutesi the king, 
 who ftood oppofite to him, anfwering in what feemed 
 fet replies. During this hanuwue, Tupia delivcnd, at 
 diflerent timet, a handkerchief, a black filk neckcloth, 
 fome plantaina, and beads, as prcrenu to their Eatua, 
 or deity ; and in return (or our Estua,. we received a hqg, 
 fome young plamains, and two bunches of feathers, ^ 
 which were carried on board. Thefe ceremonies were 
 confidcrcd as a kind of ratification of a treaty between 
 us and the king of Huaheine. 
 
 On the 17th, we went again on (hore, and made an 
 excurfion into the country, the prodvKiions of which 
 greatly rcfembled thofe of Ouheite; the rocks and clay 
 ucmca, indeed, more burnt: the boat-houfes were cu- 
 rious and remarkably large. The level part of the coun- 
 try affords the moft beautiful landfcapes that the ima- 
 gination can pofTibly form an idea of. The foil is ex- 
 ceedingly ftvtile, and the (hore is lined with fruit trees 
 of difltaent kindt, particularly the cocoa-nut: however, 
 in (bmc places tlcre were fait fwamps and lagoons, 
 which produ( id neither trees nor plants. 
 
 On the 1 8th, we went again on fliore, and Tupia be- 
 ing engaged with his friends, wc took with us laiyota, 
 hit boy. Mr. Banks propuicd taking a more perfcd 
 view of a kind of chcft, or ark, which he had before 
 obfcrved. The lid of this ark was ocaii; fewed on, and 
 I 
 
 
 thatched iA a peculiar maimer with pc!.7i.nut leaves. 
 It was placed on two poles, and fupported by fmall 
 carved arches of w«x]. Thefe poles ferved to remove 
 it from OM place eo another, in the manner of our 
 fedan-chairt. We remarked, that this ched wa'i of a 
 form refcmbling the ark of tlie Lord among the Jews , 
 but It is ftill more remarkable, that, enquiring of Tu- 
 pia's fervant what it was called, he told us. liwharre 
 no £atua. the Houfc of Godi though he could give no, 
 account of its meaning or ufe. Our trade utth the 
 natives went on flowlyi we got, however, eleven pig^ 
 and were not without hopes of obtaioing mere tlie next* 
 momingk ^ 
 
 On the 19th, we offered them Ibrac hatchets, in^ 
 which we procuitd three very la^ hogs. As we in- 
 tended to fail in the afternoon, king Oree, and other* 
 of the natives, came on board to take their leave. Cap. 
 tain Cook prefented to Oree a fmall pewter plate, 
 ftamped with this inlcription, " His Britiinnic Ma- 
 iefty's ftjip Endeavour, Captain Coolv. commander. 16 
 July, 1709." We gave him alfo fome medals, or coun- 
 ter*, refembling our Englifh coin,, and other triffes, 
 which he promifcd to keep in order to remember us. 
 The ifland of Huaheine lies in 16 deg. 43 min. fouth 
 latitude, and 150 deg. 53 min. weft tongitudei about 
 30 leagues diftant from Otaheite, and is twenty miles in 
 circumference. Its produi^tions arc a month forwarder 
 than thofe of the laft mentioned ifUttd, as we fiuind by 
 fcveral of the fruits, &c. Mr. Banks coliedcd only a 
 few new plants, but found a fpecies of the fcorpioa 
 which he had not before feen. The inhabitants ace 
 veiy lazy, but are ftouter and taiger made than thefe 
 of Otaheite; the women very fair, and we thought them 
 handfome. Both fexes feenied to be lefs timid, and k& 
 curious. They made no enquiries when on board the 
 fliip, and, when we (ired a gun, though apparently 
 frighted, yet they did not fiuT down, as our Iriends at 
 Otaheite conftantl^ did when we came among themi 
 but it is to be confidered, that the former had never ex- 
 perienced its power of difpenfing death. We now made 
 fail for the lOand of Ulietea, diftant (eveu or eight 
 leiuues from Huaheine. 
 
 On the aoth, by the diredKon of Tupia, we an.^ 
 chored in a bay, formed by a reef, on the north fide of 
 the ifland. Two canoes foon came oft' from the flwre, 
 and the nativea brought with them two fmall hogs, 
 which they exchanged for fome nails and beads, llie 
 Captain, Mr. Banks, and other gentlemen now went on 
 (hore, accompanied by Tupia, who introduced them 
 with the fiime kind of ceremonies that had taken place 
 on their landing at Huaheine j after which Capuin 
 Cook took pofleflion of this and the three neighbour- 
 ing iflandi, Huaheine, Otaha, and Salabola, in the 
 name of Hb Brittnnic Majefty. We then walked to 
 a brae Moni, .called by thv natives Tabodeboatea, 
 which we found different from the fe|Nilchral monu. 
 iuetiu ef Ooiheite, being oonqxifisd of tow walls,, a- 
 bout eight or nine feet mgh, aiiul buik ef large coral 
 ftonea, furraunding a coun of about 30 feet fquare. 
 At a (imall di(bmce wc found an altar, or ewhatti^ 
 whereupon lay the laft oUatien, or facri(ice. a hog 
 about eigkiy pounds weight, which had been oflered 
 whole, *nd vciy oicely rotfftcd. We alfo (iiw four or 
 five Ewharre^mKcatua, !«r hotiies of God, to which car. 
 riagc poles were fitted. Prom hence we proceeded to 
 a long houfe, where among rolls of cloth, we law the 
 model of a canoe, about three feet kH^, to which were 
 fiiftened eight human jaw-bonca; wc 'ceodiKicd tk^f 
 were trophiet of wart but Tupia affirmed thcv wen 
 t he jaw-boncs of the aati ves of thia ifland. 'Night new 
 advanced with quick paces, but Mr. Banks and the 
 Dodlor continued their walk akMg the (hate, and faw 
 another Ewhartc-no^atua, alfo a tree of the 6g 
 kind, the trunk ef which, (the nature whereof haa 
 been already defcribed) was forty.two pacca in cir- 
 cumference. 
 
 On the 3 1 ft, the mafter was feot to infpeft the ibuthf 
 ern part of the ifland, and« lieutenant wasdifpatched 
 in the yawl 10 found the haibour where the Endeavour 
 lay. While the Captain went in the pinnace to uke a 
 
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COOk'i FIRST VOYAOE—for nttkin^ Difcwtriti in the Seulb Stat U Round the WV/«/. 
 
 4' 
 
 ^ 
 
 view of ihit p«rt of the idand which Uy to ihc north- 
 ward. Mr. lUnkt and 'Im geml«nicn were asain on 
 Oiore, tradmu with the natives and fcarching after the 
 pr'>di*:»ion» and curiofir iea of the country. 1 hey dit 
 ffovcr<d, howeva. not one ^Mrticular worthy of no- 
 
 '"rhe hm »«^« *»«' ""^ '>'"'' ?■'" P"**""*^ "• ^'?'" 
 Betiiiioiin.lerfi.ll. nil ^ '« »4tn. *hen weputtofea, 
 and ft ereo i. jrthward * .ihi.. the reef, towarii «n Ojxn- 
 ino. » thi dillance of about five or fix lean jci. in cttect- 
 Inc whicli wc were in great danger of ftrikmg on a 
 rotk, the mrn who founded, crying out tn\ a fudden 
 •• Two fathom*," which could not but alarm u.i ^reailyj 
 but either the miftcr wai miftaken, or the fliip went 
 •long the edge of a coral rock, many of which in the 
 neighbourhood of thcfc iflandu are as ftee p ai a wall. 
 
 The bay where the Endeavour lav at anchor, called 
 OouM. ii capacious enough to hold a great number of 
 (hipping, and fccured from the fea by a reef of rock*. 
 Iti fituation it off 'he eaflernmoft pari of the ifland. 
 The provifiona confift of cocoa-nuts, yama, plantaini, 
 and a few hog» and fowls. The country round about 
 the place where we landed was not fo plentiful u« at 
 Otaheite or Huaheine. The fouthernmoU opening in 
 the reef, or thannel into the harbour, by which we 
 entered, i( little more than a cable's length widei it 
 lies off the eafternmoft point of the ifland, and may be 
 found by a fmall woody ifland, which lie* to the footh- 
 eaft of it, called Oatara i north-weft from which arc 
 two other idets called Opururu and Tamou. Between 
 ihefe is the channel through which we went out of the 
 harbour, and it ii a full quarter of a mile wide. 
 
 On the a<th we were within a league or two of the 
 ifland of Otohai but could nut get near enough to 
 jind, the wind having proved contrary. In the morn- 
 ing, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solandcr went in the long-boat 
 wUh the malter, in order to found a harbour on the 
 eahfideof the ifland, which they found fafe and con- 
 venient. We then went on (hore and porchafed a large 
 quantity of plantains, and fomr hogs and fowls. The 
 
 Croduce of tVii ifland waa much the fame with that of 
 llietea, but it Iccnied to be more barren. We re- 
 ceived the fame compliment ^froni the Indians here, at 
 was ufuat for them to pay their own kings, which was 
 bv uncovering their moulders, and wrapping their 
 cfoatht round their bodies. We made fail to the north- 
 ward, and at eight o'clock on the 39th, '.ve were under 
 the high (waks of Bolabola. We found the ifland inac- 
 ecfllbtc in this pan, and likewife that it was impoflible 
 to weather the foiith end of it till late at ni^ht. On 
 the.pth, ue difcovered an ifland which Tupia called 
 Maiiiua, but faid it was fmall, furrounded by a reef, 
 and without any commodious harbour, but inhabited, 
 and yielded nearly th* fame produce u the adjacent 
 iflands. In the middle is a high round hill which nuy 
 be fccn at eleven or twelve leagues diffance. In the «• 
 ternoon, finding ourfelvet to windward of (bme harbour 
 that lay on the weft fide of Ulietea, we intended to put 
 into one of them, in order to ftop a leak which had 
 fprung in the powder.rcom, and to take in fome addi- 
 tional ballaft. The wind being rurht againfi us, we 
 plied on and off till the afternoon ofthe firft of Auguff, 
 when we came to an anchor in the entrance oi the 
 channel, which led into one ofthe harbours. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the ad, in the morning, when the 
 tide turned, wc canrK into a proper place for mooring 
 in 28 fathom. Many of the natives came off, and 
 brought hogs, fowls, and plantains, which were pur- 
 rhafol upon very moderate tcrmt. Mr. Banks and Dr. 
 Solander went on ftiore, and fpent the day verv agree- 
 ably; the natives (hewing them great refpcdt: being 
 conduced to the houfes of the chief people, they found 
 ihofe who had ran haftily before them, (landing on each 
 fide of a long mat fprcad upon the ground, and the fa- 
 miW fitting at the fanher end of it. In one houfe the/ 
 oblerved rame very young girls dreiTed in the neatcft 
 manner, who kept their placa waiting for the ftrangers 
 to accoft them ; thefe girls were the moft beautiful the 
 gentlemen had ever Gmiu One of them, about feven 
 or eight years old, was drcflcd ip a red gown, and her 
 No. ;. 
 
 head was decorated with a great ^{uantiiy of plaiiid 
 hail I this ornament is called I'ninou, ami it held \:\ 
 great rOimation amung theni She wai fitting «t the 
 uppcrendofoncof their long mnii, on tthich none of 
 the people prcfcnt prefumcd to fct a foot 1 and hrr head 
 was reclined on the arm of a d>:cfnt lni>kii>K vmmaii, 
 who appeared to \x hcrnurfit when Mr. Hanks and 
 Dr. Solander approaches* her, ftie rtrctchcd oMt her 
 hand 10 receive (01..; bead*, which they pre iciuid to 
 her, with an air of fuch dignity and gracclulncl*, «• 
 would h.we done honour to the lirft princcis in Eu-* 
 rope. 
 
 In one of the h<- 'Tea we were entertained with a 
 dance, different from any we had feen hcfore. 'Ihc 
 performer put upon hii head a large pic< o of wicker- 
 work, about tour feel lung, of a cyliiulraal form, co- 
 vered with fcaihert, i»nd edntd round with (liark's 
 teeth. With this head-drefs, which ik called a U ho>i, 
 he began to Jance with a llnw motion t frequently mi>v« 
 inghin head, foas to defcribe a circle with the cop of 
 his wicker cap, itnd fometimcs throwing it fo near tho 
 faces ofthe by-(\aiidcrt as to nuke them lumpbacki 
 this thfv confidercd as an excellent aiiLC uf humour, 
 and it always produced n hearty laugn, wlien pratflit'cd 
 upon any of tnc Engliili gmtloinen. 
 
 On Thurfday the 3d, a? Mr. Banks and the doc- 
 tor were going along the fliorc to the northward, with 
 adefign to piirchafc llock, they met with a company of 
 danccrf, whorctanicil the progrcfs of tinirexcurfion. 
 The company was tompodJ of lix men and two wo- 
 men dancers, with three drums. Thcv were infortntd 
 that thefc dancers were fomc of the pri ripal people of 
 the ifland, and though they were ar 1 incra .t troop, 
 they did not, like the firolling parties u*" Otalv'te, re- 
 ceive any gratuity from the by-tlandeis. The wtim^a 
 wore a coiifiderabic quantity of umou, or plaii. ) hair 
 ornamented with flowers of the cape.jcirimine, which 
 were ftuck in with tafte, and made an elegant he ... 
 drefs. The woiiicns necks, breall* and arms, were 
 naked t the other parts of their bodies were covered 
 with black cloth, which was faftencd 1 lofe round them, 
 and by tne fide of each breaft, next the aims, v ;« a 
 fmall plume of black feathers, worn like a nr '.;;.-; 
 Thus apparelled, they advanced fiduways, kec^^in . time 
 with great exadnefs to the drums, which b'lt qui(;k 
 and loud t foon after they began to ftiakc thcnitel ; 
 in a very whimfical manner, and put their bodies into 
 a variety of ftrange pofiures, fomctimr; fitting dov n, 
 and at others falling with their faces to the ground, and 
 rcfting on their knees and elbow.s, moving their finp.cri 
 at the (amc time with a quicknefn fcarccly to I ic- 
 dited. The chief dexterity, however, of the dantcs, 
 aa well as the amufcmenc of the fpciftators, confifled lu 
 the lafcivioufnefs of their attitudes and gcfturcs. Be- 
 tween the dances of the women a kind of dramatic in- 
 terlude war performed by the men, confiding of dia- 
 logue as well as danciitg; but for want of a lullicicnt 
 knowledge of their language, we could not learn the 
 fubjedl of this interlude, 
 
 Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander an * ' : other gentlemen, 
 were prefent at a more regular or<;;natic entertain nenc 
 the next day. The performers, who were all men, 
 were divided into two parties, one dreffed in brown, 
 and the other in white, b .ay of diftindion. I'upia 
 being prefent, informed Mem that the party in brown, 
 afted the parts of ' x mia-rand his fcrvams, and the 
 party in white, a gang of thieves ; the mafter having 
 produced a batket of meat, which he gave in charge to 
 nisfer'.iits: which party, exhibited a variety of <^. 
 pedicnu, in endeavouring to fteal this bafket, and the 
 brown as many in preventing the accomptifliment of 
 their dcfign. After fome time had been (pent in this 
 manner, thofeto whom thebalkct wasintruftcd, laying 
 themfelvet down on the ground round it, pretended to 
 fall aflecp; the other party availing chemfelves of thix 
 opportunity, fiolc gently upon them, and carried off* 
 their booty s the fcrvanis awaking foon after, difcovered 
 their lofs, but they made no fearch after the baiket. and 
 an to dance with as much alacrity as before. 
 ~'n Saturday the 5 th, fume hogs and fowls, and fe- 
 L vcrU 
 
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COOk'i FIRST VOYAGE- 
 
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 view of ihit part of the ifland whirti 
 ««rd. Mr. Bink* and -hr genilemc 
 (horc, tr»ding with the nilivei, •ml it 
 pr'xluolionJ ind curiofif iet of the coi 
 flover.j, however, twK one ^>«riicul 
 
 The hiif wci ber and brilk niet i 
 
 getiiiig «n'l«' *"''• "" ' " *■♦•'"• **" 
 and ft ereu i, jrthward v» .ihi.i the reef, 
 ing, k . tht diftance of about five or fii 
 \na which wc were in great danger 
 rock, the mm who founded, crying 
 •• Two fathoiTU," which could not bu 
 but either the inaftcr waa miftaken 
 •long the edge of a coral rock, man; 
 aei^bourhood of thcfe iflands arc ai 
 
 The bay where the Endeavour lav 
 Oopoa, ii ca^toui enough to hold 
 Oiippirg, and fccured from the fca b 
 Its tituation ii olf >he eafternmoft 
 The provifiona confift of cocoa-nuti 
 and a few hogi and fowli. The co 
 the place where we landed was noi 
 Otaheite or Huaheinc. The fouth< 
 the reef, or channel into the hurb( 
 entered, is little more than a cablr' 
 liei off the cancrnmoft point of the 
 found by a fmall woody ifland, whic 
 eaft of it, called Oatara > north-wc 
 two other idcti called Opururu and ' 
 thefe it the channel through which \ 
 harbour, and it ii a full quarter of a 
 
 On the ajth we were within a lea 
 ifland of Otoha ; but could not g( 
 land, the wind having proved contra 
 ing, Mr. Banka and Dr. Sulandcr wc 
 with the nut(ter, in order to found 
 Ciilftdeof the ifland, which they f( 
 venient. We then went on (bore an 
 quantity of plantains, and fomr ho( 
 
 Eroduce of tnisi idund waa much the 
 riietea, but it fccnied to be mor 
 ceived the fame compliment uom 
 was ufud! for them to pay their owr 
 bv uncovering their ihoulders, ar 
 cfoatht round their bodies. We ma 
 ward, and at eight o'clock on the 2 
 the high ^)eaks of Bolabola. We fo 
 cefTiblc in this part, and likewife thi 
 to weather the fouth end of it till 
 , the 30th, wc difcovered an ifland \ 
 ~ Maurua, but faid it waa fmall, fui 
 and without any connmodiout hart 
 and yielded nearly th* fame prodi 
 iflands. In the middle is a high roi 
 be fcen at eleven or twelve leagues d 
 ternoon, flnding ourfelves to windw 
 that lay on the wed fide of Utictea, 
 into one of them, in order to flop 
 fprung in the powder-room, and to 
 tional b.tllaft. The wind being r 
 plied on and off till the afternoon 
 when we came to an anchor in tl 
 channel, which led into one of the i 
 
 On Wcdnefday the id, in the 
 tide turned, wc came into a propci 
 in 28 fathom. Many of the nati 
 brought hogs, fowls, and pl&ntaini 
 chafed upon very moderate terms. 
 Solandcr went on fliorc, and fpent 1 
 ably I the natives fliewing them g 
 condudled to the houfes of the chiel 
 thofe who had ran haftily before the 
 fide of a long mat fprcad upon the 
 miW Ctting at the fanher end of it. 
 obierved lome very young girls di 
 manner. >vhokept their places waitii 
 
COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for mtkin^ Difcwtriti In the South Snu ic Round the H'orM. 41 
 
 view of ihit wrt of the iOind whirh l»y to the north- 
 ward. Mr. lUnki and 'Iw genilrmcn were anm on 
 Ihorc. iradinuwuh the natives and fiarthing after the 
 pr'xiu.:»ion« and curiofiriet of the country. I hey diC 
 wvcr.d, howevw, tM one ^^artitular worthy of no- 
 
 ""'hc \iU1 wrt ber and brilk gain prevented ui fronrt 
 eetiH«*n.Urf»il. "11"' »4«K when we put to fea, 
 and ft ereo 1. Jrthward \» ihui the reef, toward* Kn onen- 
 ins, i . tht diflance of about five or fix leao ici, in cHcCt- 
 ina whicli wc were in great danger of ftrikmg on a 
 rock, the mm who founded, crying out on a fudden 
 •• Two fathomi," which could not but alarm u) greailyi 
 but either the maftcr wa« miftakcn, or the fliip went 
 along the edge of a coral rock, many of which in the 
 licighbourhood of thefc ifland* are ai ftce p ai a wall. 
 
 The bay where the Endeavour lav at anchor, called 
 Oouoa. ii capacioui enough to hold a great number of 
 Ihippirg, and fccured from the fca by a reef of rork«. 
 Iti iituation ii off »he eafternmoft part of the tfland. 
 The provifiona confift of cocoa-nuta, yama, plantaini, 
 and a few hogi and fowli. The country round about 
 the place where we landed waa not fo plentiful a« at 
 Otaheite or Huaheine. The fouthernmolt opening in 
 the reef, or •iiaiinel into the harbour, by which we 
 entered, ii little more than a cablr'a length widet it 
 liea off the eafternmoft point of the ifland, and may be 
 found by a fmall woody ifland, which liei to the fouth- 
 caft of it, called Oatara 1 north-weft from which arc 
 twoother iflet* called Opururu and Tamou. Between 
 ihefe i» the channel through which we went out of the 
 harbour, and ic ia a full quarter of a mile wide. 
 
 On the acth we were within a league or two of the 
 ifland of Otohai but could not get near enough to 
 huxl, the wind having proved contrary. In the morn- 
 ing, Mr. Bank* and Dr. Sulandcr went in the long-boat 
 with the nutftcr, in order to found a harbour on the 
 caftfideof the ifland, which fhcy found fafe and con- 
 venient. We then went on ftiorc and purchafcd a large 
 quantity of plantaini, and fomr hogi and fowls. The 
 produce of tni:> ifland waa much the fame with that of 
 Ulietea, but it Iccmed to be more barren. We re- 
 ceived the fame compliment from the Indians here, ai 
 wasiifual for them to pay their own kings, which was 
 bv uncovering their ihouldcrs, and wrapping their 
 cfoaths round their bodies. We made fail to the north- 
 ward, and at eight o'clock on the 29th, we were under 
 the high (leaks of Bolabola. We found the ifland inac- 
 ecfllbtc in this pan, and likewife that it was impoflible 
 to weather the foiith end of it till late at night. On 
 the.pth, we difcovered an ifland which Tupia called 
 Maiiiiia, but faid it was fmall, Airrounded by a reef, 
 and without any connmodious harbour, but inhabited, 
 and yielded nearly th* fame produce aa the adjacent 
 iflands. In the middle is a high round hill which may 
 be fcen at eleven or twelve leagues diftance. In the m- 
 tcrnoon, finding ourfelves to windward of Ibme harbour 
 that lay on the weft fide of Ulietea, we intended to put 
 into one of them, in order to ftop a leak which had 
 fprung in the powder-room, and to ukc in fome addi- 
 tional baltaft. The wind being right againd us, we 
 plied on and off till the afternoon otthc firft of Auguft, 
 when wc came to an anchor in the entrance ot the 
 channel, which led into one of the harbours. 
 
 On Wcdnefduy the 2d, in the morning, when the 
 tide turned, wc came into a proper place for mooring 
 in 28 fathom. Many of the natives came off, and 
 brought hogs, fowls, and plantains, which were pvr- 
 chafra upon very moderate terms. Mr. Banks and Dt. 
 Solandcr went on fliore, and fpent t^ie day very agree- 
 ably! the natives ftiewing them great refpcdl: being 
 condudled to the houfes of the chief people, they founia 
 thofe who had ran haftily before them, ftanding on each 
 fide of a long mat fpread upon the ground, and the fa- 
 miW fittiM at the fanher end ofit. In one houfe they 
 oblcrved (ome very young girls dreflcd in the neateft 
 snatineri who kept their pjaccs waiting for the flrangers 
 
 head wasdccoraird with a great quaniiiy of plaiiid 
 hair I thi( ornanicni is called Tninou, and is held n 
 great eft imation ain(>ng them She wa» fitting «t the 
 upper end of one of their long mnti, on which none of 
 the people prefcnt prefumed to fei a foot 1 and hrr head 
 was reclined on the arm of « d*;crnt looking wnman, 
 who ap|>earrd to lje hcrnurfii when Mr. Hank* and 
 Dr. Suhinder approachef* her, ftie ftrctchcd ovu her 
 ham! 10 receive Ibi..; bead*, which they pre irntid tn 
 her, with an air of fuch digmiy and ({racclulncrt, .is 
 would h.ive done honour to the lirft princds in liin* 
 rope. 
 
 In one of the h<- 'fes we were entertained with a 
 dance, different from any we had feen hcfore. 'llx; 
 performer put upon hii head a large pici c of wickcr- 
 •vork, about lour feet lung, of a cylnulrical form, co- 
 vered with feathers, «nd ed^cd round with (liark's 
 teeth. With this hcud-drefs, which ik called n Uhoij. 
 he began to dance with a llnw motion 1 frequently miiv< 
 inghii:head, foas to defcribe a circle uith the top of 
 his wicker cap, »nd fomctimcs throwing it fo near iha 
 faces of the by-ftandcn as to nuke them lump back : 
 this thrv confidercd as an excellent piece uf humour, 
 and it always produced n hearty laugh, when praclii'cd 
 upon any of tnc Englilli grntlcmcn. 
 
 On Thurfday the 3d, a« Mr. Banks and the iloc- 
 tor were going along the fliorc to the northwaid, with 
 adelign to purchale flock, they met with a company of 
 danccrf, who rctanlcd the progrcfs of tinir cxcurlion. 
 The company was rompod J of fix men and two wo- 
 men dancers, with three drums. Thcv were int'ortnul 
 that thefc dancers were foinc of the pri ( ipal people of 
 the ifland, and though they were ar 1 incra .t troop, 
 they did not, like the flrolling parties u*' Otalv'te, re- 
 ceive any gratuity from the by-llandcrs, The woinia 
 wore a confiderablu quantity of tamuu, nr plai~< ) haii 
 ornamented with flowers of the capc-jcfl';<mine, which 
 were ftuck in with tafte, and made un elegant he .■.- 
 drefs. The womcns necks, hreafli, and arms, were 
 naked I the other parts of their bodies were covered 
 with black cloih, which was faftencd clofc round thi ni, 
 and by the fide of each brtaft, next the arms, * ;« » 
 fmall plume of black feathers, worn like a nr •.••;.-; 
 Thus apparelled, they advanced fiduways, kecpin . tiin( 
 with great exadtnefs to the drums, which h-ai qui(;k 
 and loud t foon after they began to fliakc thcmie! } 
 in a very whimfical maimer, and put their bodies into 
 a variety of ftrangc poflures, fomctimr^ fitting duvti, 
 and at others falling with their faces to the ground, an J 
 rcfting on their kncciand elbows, moving their finp.cri 
 at the lame time with a quicknef« fcarccly to t rc- 
 dited. The chief dexterity, however, of the dances, 
 as well as the amufement of the fpedtators, confifted iit 
 the lafcivioufnefs of their attituUes and gcfturcs. Be- 
 tween the dsnccs of the women a kind oT dramatic in- 
 terlude waa" performed by the men, confifting of dia,- 
 logue as well as dancing; but for want of a fufficicnt 
 knowledge of their language, we could not learn the 
 fu^edl of this interlude. 
 
 Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander an^ ^ r- other gentlemen, 
 were prefent at a more regular Of»;natic entertaiii nent 
 the next day. The performers, who were all men, 
 were divided into two parties, one drcfled in biown, 
 and the other in white, b .ay of diftin-ftion. Tupia 
 being prefent, informed :;iem that the party in brown, 
 adted the parts of x lai.crand his fcrvams, and the 
 partvin white, a gang of thieves i the mafter having 
 produced a balket of meat, which he gave in charge to 
 his ferv -Its : which party, exhibited & variety of <^ 
 pedicnu, in endeavouring to fteal this balket, and the 
 brown as many in pre-cnting the accompliflimeni of 
 their defign. After fome time had been Ipent in this 
 manner, thofe to whom the balket wasintruftcd, laying 
 themfelves down ori the ground round it, pretended to 
 fall aflecp; the other party availing themfelves of thi<i 
 opportunity, flole gently upon them, and carried ok 
 their booty } the fervants awaking foon after, difcovcred 
 
 . !•■* 
 
42 
 
 Ctpt. C O O K't VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I'll 
 
 vcral large piece* of cloth, many of them bcih^ fifty 
 or fixty yardi in length, together with a quantity of 
 piantaint and cocoa-nutt, were fent to Captain Cook, 
 as a prefcnt from the Earee Kahie of the ifland of Bo- 
 iabolB, accompanied with a meflage, importing that 
 he was then on the ifland, and inteiided waiting on the 
 captain. 
 
 On the 6th, the king of Dolabola did not vifit us 
 agreeable to his promife, his abfencc, however, was 
 not in the leaft regretted, as he fent three young women 
 to demand fomething in return far b^prcfent. After 
 dinner, wcfct out to pay the king a vifiton fliore, fincc 
 he did not think piioperto come on board. As this 
 man was the Earee Rahie of the Bolabola man, who had 
 conquered this, and were the dread of all the neigh- 
 bouring iflands, we were greatly difappointed inltcad 
 of fmoing a vigorous entcrprifing young chief, to fee a 
 poor feeble old dourd, half blind, ana fmking under 
 the weight of age and inlinnitics. He received us with> 
 out cither chat (late or ceremony which we had hi- 
 therto met with among the other chiefs. 
 
 On Wednefday the 9th, having ftopped a leak, and 
 taken on board a frefli (lock of provifions, we failed 
 out of the harbour. Though we were fevcral leagues 
 diftant from the ifland of Bolabola, Tupia earneftly 
 intrcatcd Captain Cook, that a fliot might be fired to- 
 wards it ; which to gratify him, the capuin complied 
 with. This was fuppofcd to have been intended by 
 Tupia has a mark of his refcniment againfl the inhabi- 
 tants of that place, as they had formerly taken from 
 him large poifcOions which he held in the ifland of 
 Ulietea, of which ifland Tupia was a native, and a fub- 
 ordinate chief, but w.>s driven out by thefe warriors. 
 We had great plenty of provilions, as well of hogs, as 
 of vegetables, during the time we continued in the 
 neighbourhood of thefe iflands, fo that we were not 
 obliged to ufc any confiderable quantity of the fliip's 
 
 i>rovi(ions, and we had flattered ourfclves, that the 
 bwlsand hogs would have fupplied us with frefli pro- 
 vifions during the courfc of our voyage to the ibuth- 
 ward; but in this we were unhappily difappointed, for 
 as the hogs could not be brought to eat any European 
 grain, or any provender whatever, that the Ihip af- 
 forded, we wci« reduced to thedifagreeable neceflity 
 of killing them immediately on leaving thofe iflands; 
 and the fowls all died of a difeafc in their heads, with 
 which they were feized foon after they had been car- 
 ried on board. Being detained longer at Ulietet in re- 
 (uiring the fliip than we expeded, we did not go on. 
 Ihore at Bolabola ; but after giving the general name 
 of the Society Iflands, to the iflands of Huahcine, UKe- 
 cca, Bolabola, Otaha, and Maurua, which He between 
 the latitudeof i6deg. lomin. and 18 drg. 55 min. 
 fouth, we purfucd our courfe, (landing foutnwardly for 
 an ifland, to which we were diredm) by Tupia, at 
 above too leagues diflanc. This wedilcovered on Sun- 
 d.iy the 13th, and were informed by him, that it waa 
 called Obiterea. 
 
 On the 14th we flood in for land, and faw fcveral 
 of the inhabitants coming along the (hore. One of 
 the lieutenants was difpatched in the pinnace to found 
 for anchorage, and to obtain what intelligence could 
 be got from the natives concerning any land, that might 
 be nrthcr to the Ibuth. Mt. Basks, Dr. Solander, and 
 Topia, went with the lieutenant in the boat. When 
 they approached the (bore, they obferved, that the In- 
 dians were armed with long lances. A number of 
 thoni were foon drawn together on the beach, and two 
 jumped into the water, endeavouring to pin the boat; 
 but llie foon left them and fome others that had made 
 the fame attempt, far enough behind her. Having 
 Jmiblcd the point where they intended to land, they 
 opened a large bay, and faw another party of the na- 
 livrs (landing at the end of it, armed like thofe whom 
 thry had fecn before. Preparations were then made for 
 landing, on which a canoe full of Indians came off to- 
 wards them. Obf:rving this, Tupia received orders 
 tr).icq<iaint them that the Englifh did not intend to 
 oHer thctn violence, but meant to traffic with them 
 fi<r nail«, whirh were produced. Thus informed, they 
 
 came alongjfide the boat, and took fotwe nails tha 
 *!? K'*'«n them, being fecminjfly well pleafed with thh 
 prefcnt. Yet a few minutes after, fevcral of thefe peOJ 
 pie boarded the boat, defigning to drag her on flwrcr 
 but foinc mufquets being difcharged over their heads 
 they leaped into the fca, and having reached the canor, 
 put back with all poftible expedition, joining their 
 countrymen who flood ready to receive thcmT Tht 
 boat itnmediatciy purfucd the fugitives, but the crc* 
 ttniMng the furf extremely violent, did not vciuurc to 
 land there, but coaflcd along fliore to try if they could 
 not find a more convenient place. Soon after the canoe 
 got on fliore, a man opponte the boat Mouriflied his 
 weapon, calling out at the fame time with a ftiritl 
 voice, which was a mark of defiance, as 'Hipia ex- 
 plained it to the Englifli— Not being able to find 4 
 proper landing-place they returned, with an intemioa 
 to attempt it where the canoe went on (liorei wheiie- 
 upon another warrior repeated the defiance: his np- 
 pearancc wasmore formidable than rhat of the others 
 he had a high cap on made of the tail feathers of a 
 bird, and his body was painted with various colours. 
 When he though' fit to retire, a grave 'man came for- 
 ward, who afl(ed Tupia feveral queftions, relatirtg to 
 the place from whence the vefTel came, a*, Who were 
 the perfons on board? Whither they are bound f &c. 
 Afier this it was propofcd that the people In the boat 
 (hould go on ihore and trade with them if they would 
 lay afide their weapons t but the latter would not agree 
 to this, unlefs the Englifli would do the like. As this 
 propofal was by no means an equal one, when it was 
 confldercd that the hazard mu(t for many reafons be 
 greater to the boat's crew than the Indians, and as per- 
 fidy was dreaded, it was not complied with. Befidcs, 
 fincc neither the bay which the Endeavour entered, nor 
 any other part of the ifland fumiflied good harbour or 
 anchorage, it was rcfolved not to attempt landing anf 
 more, but to fail from hence to the fouthward. 
 
 The natives are very tall, well proportioned, and 
 have long hair, which, like the inhabitants of the other 
 iflands, they tie in a bunch on the top of their heada, 
 they are likewife rauowcd in different parts of their bo> 
 dies, but not on their pofleriors. The ifle does noc 
 (hoot up into high peaks like the others that they vi» 
 fited, but is more level and uniform, and divided into 
 fnull hillocks, fome of which are covered with grovec 
 of trees. However, none of thofe bearing the bread 
 fruit were feen, and not many cocoa-trees, but a greit 
 number of thofe called Etoa, were feen on the Tea cofeft 
 of this ifland. Both the nature of their ckMh, and thcit 
 manner of paring it differed in many rcfpcdh fitom 
 what had been obferved in the progrefs of our voyage. 
 All the garments that thefe people wore, were dyed 
 yellow, and painted with a variety of colours on the 
 outfide. One piece formed their whole habit, having 
 a hole in it through which they put their heads. This 
 reached as fiir as their knees, and was tied dofe roond 
 their bodies with a kind of yellowilh fafh. Some of 
 them alfo wore caps of the fame kind, as we have al- 
 ready mentioned, and others bound round their heads a 
 piece of cloth which refembled a turban. 
 
 On the 1 5th we (ailed from this ifland with a fine 
 breeze ; but on the 1 6th it was hazy, and we bore away 
 for what refembled feveral high peaks of land. The 
 weather clearing up, we were convinced of our miflake, 
 and refumed our courfe accordingly. We faw a comet 
 on the 30th, about four o'clock, which was then about 
 60 dcg. above the horizon. Land was difcovered at 
 weft by north on Thurfday the 7th of Oilober, and In 
 the morning of the 8th, we came to an anchor cfipo- 
 lite the mouth of a fmall river, not above half a league 
 from the coafl. 
 
 Capuin Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and fome 
 other gentlemen, having lefl the. pinnace at the mouth 
 of the river, proceeded a little farther up, vrhen we 
 landed, leaving the yawl to the care of fome of our 
 boys, and went up to a fev^ fmall houfes in the neigh- 
 bourhood. Some of the natives that had concealed 
 themfelves in the neighbourhood tookadviintage of oUr 
 abfince fh>ni the boat, and rufhcd out, advancmg and 
 
 Iffand- 
 
 v-'^ 
 
cook's FIRST VOYAGE'— Ibr making Dijiweries An the SoutASeas flc Round the H^orlJ. 43 
 
 '♦windifWing their long wooden lancei. On thu oar boys 
 dropped down the ftream. The cockfwain of the pin- 
 mce then fired a murquetoon over their heads, but « 
 did not prevent fhcm from following the boat, in coh- 
 fequence of which he levelled his piece, and (hot one of 
 them dead on the fpot. Struck widi aftoniflimait at 
 the de«h of their companion, theothera remained ino- 
 tianlefs for fome time, but as foon as they recovered 
 their fright, retreated to the woods with the utmoft pre- 
 cipiution. The re|xjrt of the gun brought the advanced 
 pirty back to the boau,and both the pmnace and yawl 
 returned immediately to the fliip< 
 
 On the 9th, a great number of the natives were fecn 
 »Kar the place where the gentlemen in the yawl had 
 landed the preceding evening, and the greatell part of 
 them appeared to \x unarmed. The long- boar, pin- 
 nace, and yawl, being mannctl with marines and failors', 
 Capt. Cook, with the reft of the gentlemen, and Tupia, 
 went on (hore, and landed on the oppofitc fide of the 
 river, over againft a fpot where fcvcral Indians were fit- 
 ting on the ground. The& immediately ftartcd up, 
 and began to handle their weapons, each producing 
 either a long pike, or a kind of truncheon, made bf 
 fiow, with a ftring through the handle of it, which they 
 twiftcd round their wrifts. Tupia wasdiredtcd to fpeak 
 to them in his language; and wc were agreeably fur- 
 prized to find that he was well undcrftooii, the natives 
 fpcaliing in his language, though in a different diale(9. 
 Their intentions at hrft appeared to be very hoftile, 
 brandithing their weapons in the ufual threatening 
 manner; upon which a nnufquet was fired at fome dil- 
 tance from them : the ball happened to fall into the 
 water, at which they appeared rather terrified, and de- 
 fitted from their menaces. Having now drawn up the 
 marines, wc advanced nearer to the fide of the river. 
 Tupia. again fpeaking, informed them of our delirc to 
 trafiic with them for provifions: to this they confentcd, 
 provided wc would go over to them to the other fide of 
 the river. Thepro|)ofal was agreed to. upon condition 
 that the natives would quit their weapons; but the 
 inon folemn alTurances of friend^ip could not prevail 
 with them to make fuch a concelfion. Not thinking it 
 prudent, therefore, to crofs the river, we, in our turn, 
 intreated the Indians to come over to us, and after 
 fome time prevailed on one of them to to do. He was 
 prefently followed by feveral others. They did not ap> 
 pear to value the beads and iron which we offered in 
 the way of barter, but propofcd to exchange their wea- 
 pons for ours ; which being objcifled to, they endea- 
 voured feveral times to fnatch our arms from us, but 
 being on our guard, from the information given tis by 
 Tupia that they were ftill our enemies, their attempu 
 were repeatedly fruflrated ; and Tupia, 1^ our direc- 
 tion, gave them to underhand, that any further offers 
 of vmicnce would be punifhed within(;anv death. Otit 
 of them, nevertheiefs, had the audacity to fnatch Mr. 
 Green's, dagger when his back was turned to them, 
 and retiring a few paces, flourifhed it over his head; 
 hut his temerity coir him his life : for Mr. Monkhoufe 
 fired a miifquet loaded with ball, and he inflantly 
 dropped. Soon after, though not before we had dil 
 charged our pieces loaded with fmall fhot on\y, they 
 retreated flowly up the country, and we returned to our 
 hosts. 
 
 The behaviour of the Indians, added to Our want of 
 frelh water, induced Capt. Cook to continu^ his voyage 
 round the bay, w ith a hope of getting fome of th^ na- 
 tives aboard, that by civil ufagc Tic might cAnvky 
 through them a fevouiahlc idea of us to their country- 
 men, and thereby fettle a good correfpondcnce with 
 them. An event occurred vihich, though attended 
 wirh diragrce.ible circumftanccs, promifcd to facilitate 
 this dcfrnn. Two ranees appeared, making towards 
 land, and Capt. Cook propofcd inrerccptiiig tncm with 
 our boats. One of them got clear olt", but the litdians 
 in the other, finding it inipnflible to efcapc, be^ to 
 attack our people in the boats with their {Huldlei. This 
 compelled the Endeavour's people to fire upon them, 
 when four of the Indians were killed, and the other 
 fhrcp, who were yoting men, jumped into the water. 
 
 I 
 
 and endeavoured to iVim to fiioir ; tiicy were, however' 
 taken ^, and conveyed on boiird. At firft theydif- 
 cnvered'all the ligns of fear andtenxr, thinking they 
 (hmild 'bc' killed; but Tupia, by repeated aflUtanccs 
 of friendfliip, removed their ai^prrhenfions, and they . 
 afrerwards eat heartily of the fliip's prnvifions. Hav. 
 ing retired to reft in the evening, they flcpt very quietly 
 for fome ho^trs, but nhout midnight, their fcart re« 
 turning, thev appeared in great agitation, frec|uentlf 
 %nkiiig loua and dtfmal groans. Agaiitthe kind c«- 
 relfes and frieitdly protniM of Tupn operated fb ef« 
 fcdually, that'Chey became calm, and fung a folMf, 
 which at the dead of night had a pbafing cfttAt ' Tltt 
 next nmming, after they were drdfed, acctirding totht 
 mode of their own countiy, and were ornamtnted wiik 
 ned<laces andbraitelet*, prcparatiMia lt«te ntoda for 
 ftiKfifigthem to their countrymen, at whi(?b>they ctL 
 prelftd'gteM fariifadiont but finding (he koat «p^ 
 proaching Capuin Coofe'a firft landing- ptaect they in- 
 timntcd that the inhabitaMs were fbtt, Md'ihai i|ftar 
 killing their enemies, they always eat ihein. The-Ca^ 
 tain,« nevertheiefs, judged it expedient t« 'land' tictii the 
 fame fpot, whtcK he accotdingly did with Mr; Banks, 
 I>o£)or Solander, and Tuphk, relnlving-at the fame ciinc 
 to protect the yoituhfrom any injury that might bc of- 
 fered them. Thefe had ' fcarcely departed an their re- 
 turn lO' their friends, when two large partita of 'Indians 
 advanced hai^ily towards thetn, upon which they agaki 
 ficw to us fhr protedion. When the Indians drew near, 
 oneof theboys'difcovercd his uncle among them, and 
 a convcrfation enfued acrofs the river, in which the bof 
 gave a jud account of our hofpitaiily, and took great 
 pains to difplay his finery. A fliort rime after thit 
 converfation, the uncle fwam acrofs the river, bring- 
 ing with him a green bough', a token of (Viendfhipw 
 which wcceceived as fuch, and feveral piiefentiT weic 
 made him. Notwithftandir.g the prefencc of this re- 
 lation, all thiTc of the boys, by their own defire, re- 
 turned to the (hipi but as the Captain intended to fail 
 the next morning, he fent them alhore in the evening, 
 though muck againft their inclination. The names of 
 thefe boys were Toahowrange, Koikerange, and Ma- 
 ragovete. They informed us of a particular kind of 
 deer upon the ifland, and that there were likewife tares, 
 capers^ roifiara. yams, a kind of long pepper, bald 
 cootc, and black birds. 
 
 On the nth, at fix o'clock in the morning, we 
 weighed, and fct fail, in hopes of finding a better an- 
 choring place, Cajpt. Cook having given the bay (called 
 by the natives Toaneora) the name of Pbverty Bay ; 
 and the fb«th-wcfl point he called Young flick's Head, 
 •n account of its firft having been perceived by a lad 
 Oft board, named Nicholas Young. In the afternoon 
 we were becalmed ; and feveral canoes full of Indians 
 came ofF from the (hore, who received many prefcntf, 
 and afterwards bartered even their cloaths, and fome 
 of their paddles, io eager were they to be pofleiTedcf 
 European commodities. A fingle tree fohned the 
 bottom of their canoes, and the upper part confided of 
 two planks fewed together; thefe were pa'mtcd red, 
 reprcfeniing many uncommon figures, and very curt- 
 oufly wro«ight. The Indians were armed with blud- 
 geons, made of wood, and of the bone of a large ani- 
 mal: they called them PatOo-Patoo; and the/ weit 
 well contrived for clofc fighting. 
 
 Having finilhed their traffic, they fct off in futrh a 
 hurry, that they torgot three of their companions, who 
 remained on board all night. Tlicfc teftified their feart 
 and apprclienfions, notwiihftanding Tupia took gicat 
 puiiM to convince them they were nt no danger; ahd 
 about fcvtrn o'cUick the next morning a canoe came off, 
 with four Indians on board. It was at firft with diffi- 
 culty the Indian» in the Ihip could prevail on thofe in 
 the canoe to come near thcni, and not till after the 
 former had aifurcd them, that the Englifh did noteflt 
 men. The thief came on board, whdfe face Was tat- 
 taowed, with a remarkable pitou in his hand, and in 
 this canoe the three Indi.iiis left the Ihip. Capt. Cook 
 
 give the name of Cape Table to a point of land about 
 ven leagues to the fouth of Poverty B?y : jxs figui^ 
 
 greatly 
 
 • "it* -1 
 
 ■11 
 
 \ ; I 
 
 1'. 
 
 u 
 . * < 
 
 I 
 
 k 
 
 t 
 
 il 
 
!' i- 
 
 44 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO M p L E 
 
 T4 E; ^•.HKtJ 
 
 1. 
 
 greatly refcinbling a table; and the ifland, called by 
 the nativet Teahowry, he named Portland Ifland, it br- 
 ing very fimilar to that of the fame nanw in the Britifh 
 Channel. It Is joined to the main by a chain of rocks 
 nearly a mile in length, partly above water. There are 
 feveral (hoali, called fliamblcs, about three milei to the 
 north-eaft of PortJand, one of which the Endeavour 
 narrowly efcaped; there is, however, a pairage between 
 them with twenty fathom water. Some paru of Port- 
 land Ifland. at well as the ^in, were cultivated i and 
 pumiee (tone in fpnat quantitici lyingalottg the fliorc, 
 within the bay, mdicatcd that there was a volcano in 
 the ifland. High palings upon the ridges of hills were 
 alfo vifible in two places, wnich were juc^^d to be dc- 
 figncd for religious purpofes. 
 
 Oq Che 1 3th, feveral Indians came dT in a canoe; 
 dicy were disfigured in a itrange manner, danced and 
 fang, and at timet appeared to be peaceably inclined, 
 but at oihen to menace hostilities. Notwithflanding 
 Tupia Ihonsly invited them to come on board, none 
 of uiem Would quit the canoe. Whilft the Endeavour 
 wat getting dear of the (hambla. five canoea full of 
 Indiant tame off. and fecmed to threaten the people 
 ' on board, by brandifliing their lancet, and other hoQile 
 geflurci. A four-pounder, loaded with grape.fliot, was 
 therefore ordered to-be fired, but not pointed at them, 
 lliit had thedefired clfeik, and made them drop aliern. 
 Two more canoes came off whilfl the Endeavour lay at 
 anchor, but the Indians on bnard behaved very peacea- 
 bly and quiet, and received feveral prefcnts, but would 
 not come on board. 
 
 On Friday, the 13th, in the morning, we made for an 
 inlet, but finding it not Ihcltered flomi out again, and 
 were chaced by a canoe filled with Indians, but the 
 Endeavour out-failed them. She purfued her coutfe 
 round the bay. but did not find an opening. The next 
 morning we had a view of the inland country. It was 
 mountainous, and covered with fnow in the interior 
 parts, but the land towards the Tea, was flat and uncul- 
 tivated, and in many places there were groves of high 
 trees. Nine canoes full of Indians came from the 
 fhore, and five of them, after having confulted toge- 
 ther, purfued :he Etideavour, apparently with a holfile 
 deflgn. Tupia was defircd to acquaint them, that im- 
 mediate deftrudion would enfue if they perfevered in 
 their attempts ; but words had no influence, and a four- 
 pounder, with grapc-fhot. was fired, to give them fome 
 notion of the arms of their opponents. They were ter- 
 rified at this kind of reafoning. and paddled away fafler 
 than they came. Tupia then hailed the fugitives, and 
 acquainted them that if they came in a peaceable man- 
 ner, and left their arms behind, no annoyance would 
 be oflered them ; one of the canoes fubmitting to the 
 terms, came along-fide the fhip, and received manv pre- 
 fcntst but the other canoes returning, and perfiflii^ in 
 the fame menacing behaviour, interrupted thit friendly 
 intercourfe. 
 
 On the 15 th, we were vifited by fomc fifliing-boats, 
 the people in which conduced thcmfelves in an amica- 
 l(le manner. Though the iifh which they had on board 
 hiad been caught (0 long that they were not eauble, 
 Oqx. Cook purehafcd them merely for the lake of pro- 
 moting a ttwic with the natives. In the afternoon a ca- 
 noe with a number of armed Indians came up, and one 
 ^fthcm, who was remarkably cloathed with a blackfkin. 
 found means to defraud the Capuin of a piece of red 
 baize, under pretence of bartering the fkin he had on 
 ibr it. As Coon as he had got the baize into his pof- 
 tetTwn, inflead of giving the fkin in retum, agreeable 
 to his bargain, he rolled them up together, and or- 
 dered the canoe to put ofl' from the fhip, turning a deaf 
 ear to the repeated retnoitflrancc of the Captain againfl 
 his unjufl behaviour. Aftera fliort time, thiscanoe, to- 
 gether with the fifliing-boats which had put off at the 
 fimie time, came back to the fhip. and trade was again 
 begun. During this knond traflic with the Indians, 
 one of them uncxpciffcdly fcizcd Tupia's little boy. 
 Taiyota. and pulling him into his canoe, inflantly put 
 oft, and paddled away with the utmofl fpeedj feveral 
 niufqucts were imincdiatcly difcharged at the people in 
 
 he canoe, and one of them receiving a wouml. they alf 
 
 iZrL^a'^"'^' >^'>",» '«'""8 'he advantage of 
 their conlleination. immediately jumped into the <ca 
 and fwam back towards the J-.ndclvour, he wal taken 
 on board without receiving ;,nyl«m , but his flrcnath 
 was fo much cxhaufted with .he weight of his cloX 
 that It was with great difficulty he rcac hcd the fhip "n 
 confequcn. c of this attempt to carrj ofl Taiyota. Caw. 
 Cook called the capeolf which it ha'ppencd. Cap^ kfi 
 nappers lying in latitude 39 deg. 43 n.in. fouVh. .ml 
 longitude .82 deg. a* n,in. well. Vnd i, very mZ 
 guillube by the high dirts and white rocks that ". 
 
 Ifland IS about .3 leagues, and it (onrn the fouth point 
 of a bay which was tTenominatcd Hawke's Hay. i„ ho. 
 nour o» Admiral Hawke. ^' 
 
 Tai)ota, having recovered from his fright, produced 
 a fifl). and informed Tup.a that he intended to of Hr^ 
 to his Latua. or God. in giatitude/br his happy cfcanc • 
 this being approved of by the other Indian, il^ fiil, was 
 call into the fea. Captain Cook now paflid by a fmall 
 ifland. which was luppoled to be inhabited only by 
 hfliermen, as it feemcd to be barren, and liarc Ifland 
 was the name given to it, and to a licid-laml in lati- 
 tude 4odcK. 34 mm. fouth, and longitude iK 2 deir cc 
 mm. wcfl.Tjecaule the Endcavdur turned, hegava'the 
 T'u S"*^" ^''"■."'S-in- It was never ccrtainfy known 
 whether New Zealand was an ia-ind before this vcflel 
 touched there; on this account, the Lords of the Ad- 
 iniralty had inflrudcd Capt. Cook to fail altMi.r the coaftt 
 as far as 40 degrees fouth, and if the land extended far- 
 ther, to return to the northward again, h was for thit 
 rcalon that the Captain altered his courfc, when he ar- 
 rived at the cape above-mentioned: the wind havinc 
 likewifc veered about to the f»uth, he returned, failing 
 along the coall nearly in his former track. Between thit 
 and Cape Kidnappers Bay. the land is unequal, and 
 lomewhat rcfembles our downs and fmall villates and 
 many inhabitants wcieobfervcd. The fliip camc.ibrcnft 
 of apeninfula in Portland Ifland. named Terakako, oa 
 Weducfday. the 19th. At this time a canoe vuih five 
 Indians came up to the velTcl. There ucic two chief* 
 among them, who canw on board, and flaid all night. 
 Uneot thefe was a very comely perfon. and had an oLeii 
 and agreeable countenance. 'Ihcy were extremely grate- 
 ful for the prefcnts which they received, and dilulaycd 
 no fmall degree of curioflty. 'Ihey would not car ot 
 drink, but the fcrvants devoured the victuals fet before 
 them with a moft voracious a^iperitc. 
 
 We gave the name of Gable End Foreland to a 
 remarkable head-land, which we paflcd on the lath 
 Three canoes appealed here, and one Indian came oa 
 board, to whom we gave fmall prefcnts before he with- 
 drew. 
 
 Many of thefe Indiant wore pieces of green-flonc 
 round their necks which were tranfparent, and refcin- 
 bied an emerald. Thefe being examined, appeared to 
 be a fpetiet of die nephritic flonc. Several pieces of it 
 were procured by Mr. Banks, audit appeared that thit 
 furniflied thciflandcrs with their principal ornaments. 
 The form of foine of their faces was agreeable j their 
 nofct were lather prominent than flat. Their dialcv't 
 was not fo guttural as that of o- hers, and their language 
 nearly refemblcd that of Otahiiie. * 
 
 On Friday, the aoih. we anchored in a bay two leaguet 
 to the north of the Foreland. To this bay m c were in- 
 vitccl by the natives in canoes, who behaved very ami- 
 gtbly, and pointed to a place where they faid wc flutukl 
 find plenty of frefli water. Wc determined here to get 
 fome knowledge of the country, though the harbour wat 
 not fo good a flicltcr from the weather at we expedcd. 
 Two chiefs, whom we fa w in the canoes, came on boardi 
 they were drefled in jackets, the one ornamented with 
 tufti of red feathers, the other with dogs-fkin. We 
 prefcnted to them linen and fomc fpikc-nails, but they 
 did not value the lall fo much as (he inhabitants of the 
 other iflands. .The reft of the Indians traded with U| 
 without the leafl inipofltion. and we dircded Tupig 
 to acquaint ihena of our views in coming thither ; and 
 I promife. 
 
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 I 
 
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 1 
 
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 4 
 
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COOK'S FIRS1 
 
 1— for making utjcovertet 
 
 promife. that ihcy (hould receive no injury, if they of- 
 fered none to us. In the ■fternoon the chief* returned j 
 and towards the evening we went on (horc, accom- 
 panied by the Captain, Dr. Solander. and Mr. mnks. 
 We were courteoufly received by the inhabitants, who 
 did not appear in numerous bodies, and in other in- 
 ftances were fcnipuloufly attentive not to give oRcnce. 
 We made them feveral ftnall prefents, and in this 
 agreeable tour round the bay, we had the pleafure of 
 finding two ftreams of frelh water. We remained on 
 fliore all nioht. and the next day Mr. Banks and Ur. 
 Sdlandcr difcovercd feveral birds, among which were 
 nuails and large pigeons. Many ftagei for drying filh 
 were obferved near where we landed, and fome houfet 
 with fences. We faw dogs with pointed ears, and very 
 ugly. Sweet potatoes, like thofc which grow in Ame- 
 rica, were found. The cloth.plant grew fpontancous. 
 In the neighbouring valleys, the lands were laid out in 
 regular plantations ; and in the bay we caught plenty 
 of crabs, cray-fifli, and horfc-mackarcl, larger than 
 thofe upon the Englifti coafts. The low lands were 
 planted with cocoas ; the hollows with gourds; but as 
 to the woods, they were almoft ImpaflTaDle, on account 
 of the number of fupplc-jacks which grew there. We 
 went into feveral of the houfcs belonging to the natives, 
 and met with a very civil reception ; and, without the 
 Icaft referve, they (hewed us whatever we defired to 
 ice. At times we found them at their meals, which 
 our prefcnce never inierrupted. At this feafon, fifh 
 conflituted their chief food ; with which they eat, in- 
 ftead of bread, roots of a kind of fern \ thefe, when 
 roaded upon a fire, are fweet and clammy ; in tafte not 
 difagrceable, though rather unpleafant from the num- 
 ber of their fibres. They have doubtleft in other 
 fcnfons of the year, an abundance of excellent ve- 
 getables. 
 
 The women of this place paint their faces with a mix- 
 ture of red ochre and oil, which, as they are very plain, 
 renders them in appearance more homely. This kind 
 of daubing being generally wet upon their checks, and 
 foreheads, wtis cauly transferred to thofe who faluted 
 them, as was frequently vifibic upon the nofes of our 
 people. The young ones, who were complete coquets, 
 wore a petticoat, under which was a girdle, made of 
 the blades of grafs, firongly perfumed, to which was 
 pendant a fmall bunch of the leaves of fbme fragrant 
 plant. The faces of the men were not in general 
 painted ; but they were daubed with dry red ochre from 
 head to foot, their apparel not excepted. Though in 
 perfonal cleanlinefs they were not equal to our friends at 
 Otaheite, yet in fome particulars they furpafled them ; 
 for their dwellings were furniflied with privies, and 
 they had dunghills, upon which their offals and filth 
 were depofited. Among the females, chafiity was lightly 
 cfteemed. They reforted frequently to the watering- 
 place, where they freely bellowed every favour that was 
 requefied. An officer meeting with an elderly woman, 
 he accompanied her to her houfe, and having pre- 
 fented her with fnme cloth and beads, a young girl 
 was Tingled out, with whom he was given tounderlland 
 he might retire. Soon after, an elderly man, with two 
 women, came in as vifitors. who with much formality 
 faluted the whole company, after the cuftom of the 
 place, which is by gently joining the tips of their nofes 
 together. On his return, which was on Saturday, the 
 af fi, he was furnifhcd with a guide, who, whenever they 
 came to a brook or rivulet, took him on hii back, to 
 prevent his being wet. Many of the natives were cu- 
 rioufiy tattaowed, an old man in particular, was marked 
 on the breaft with curious figures. One of them had 
 an axe made ofthe green fione, which we could not pur- 
 chafe, though fundry things were offered in exchange. 
 Thefe Indians at night dance in a very uncouth manner, 
 with antic geftures, lolling out their tongues, and mak. 
 ing ftrangc grimaces. In their dances, old men as well 
 as the young ones, are capital performers. 
 
 In the evening, Mr. Banks, being apprchenfive that 
 we might be left on (bore after it was dark, applied to 
 the Indians for one of their canoes to convey ua en 
 board the (hip. This they granted with an obligimt 
 
 No. J. 
 
 manner. We were eight in number, and not being ufed 
 to a veflcl that required a nice balance, we overlet her 
 in the furf. No.^^e however was drowned, but it was 
 concludedj u prevent a iimilar accident, that half our 
 number Ihoulu go at one time. Mr. Banks, Dr. So- 
 lander, Tupia, .and Taiyota, were the firll party who 
 embarked again, and arrived fafe at the fliip, as did the 
 remainder of our company, all not a little pleafcd with 
 the good nature of our Indian friends, who chearfuily 
 , contributed their afTillancc upon our fccond tiip. Du> 
 ' ring our flay on fliore, feveral of them went out in their 
 canoes, and trafficked with the fliips company. At (iril 
 they preferred the cloth of Otaheite to that of Europe, 
 but in the courfe of a day it dccrcafed in its value five 
 hundred per cent. Thefe people cxprefTcd ftrong marks 
 of slnonifnment, when fliewn the bsrk and her appara- 
 tus. This bay, which we now detcnnined to quit, the 
 natives call I'egadoo, and it is fituatcd in 38 deg. 10 
 min. fouth latitude. 
 
 On the 32d, in the evening, being Sunday, we weighed 
 anchor and put to fea. but the wind being contrary we 
 flood for another bay a little to the fouth, called bv the 
 natives Tolaga, in order to complete our wood and wa- 
 ter, and to extend our corrcfpondence with the natives. 
 In this bay we came to an anchor, in about eleven fa- 
 thom water, with a good (andy bottom, the north point 
 of the bay bearing north by eafl, and the fouth point 
 fouth eafl. Wc found a watering-place in a fmall cove 
 a little within the fouth point of the bay, which bore 
 fouth by eafl, diflant about a mile. Several canoes with 
 Indians on board, trafficked with us very fairly for glafs 
 bottles. 
 
 On Monday, the 33d, in the afternoon, we went on 
 fliore, accompanied by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and 
 the Captain. V\'e examined and found the water ex* 
 tremcly good ; alfo plenty of wood ; and the natives 
 (hewed us as much civility aM thofe from whom we had 
 lately departed. At this watcring>place we fet up an 
 aflronomical quadrant, and look feveral folar and lu- 
 nary obfervations. In the morning of the 34th, Mr. 
 Gore and the marines were fent on (hore to guard 
 the people employed in cutting wood and filling the 
 calks with water. Captain Cook, Mr. Banks, and the 
 do^or, alfo went on (hore : the latter were empk)yed in 
 colleding plants. In our walks through the vales, we 
 faw many houfcs uninhabited, the natives refiding 
 chiefly in (heds, on the ridges of the hills, which are 
 very <Uep. In a valley between two very high hills, 
 we faw a curious rock that formed a large arch, oppolite 
 the fea. This cavern was in length atraut feventy feet, 
 in breadth thirty, and near fifty in heighth, command- 
 ing a view of the bay and hills on the other fide, which 
 I had a very pleafing eflc£l. Indeed the whole country 
 «||)QUt the bay is agreeable beyond defcription, and, if 
 properly cultivated, would be a mofl fertile (ixx. The 
 hills are cloathed with beautiful flowering (hrubs, in- 
 termixed with a number of tall, flately palms, which 
 ErfiinK the air, making it pcrfetfUy odoriferous. Mr. 
 nks and the doi^tor, among other trees that yielded a 
 fine tranfparcnt gum, difcovered the cabbage-tree, the 
 produce whereof, when boiled, was very good. We 
 met with various kinds of edible herbage in great 
 abundance, and many trees that produced fruit fit to 
 eat. The plant from which the cloth is made, is a 
 kind of Hemcrocailis ; its leaves afford a flrong glofly 
 flix, equally adapted to cleathing. and making of ropes. 
 Sweet poutoes and plantains are cultivated near the 
 houfes. 
 
 On our return wc met an old man, who entertained us 
 with the military exercifcs of the natives, which are 
 performed with the patoo-patoo, and the lance. The 
 former has been already mentioned, and is ufed as a 
 battle-axe : the latter is eighteen or twenty feet in 
 length, made of extreme hard wood, and fliarpened at 
 each end. A flake was fubftituted for a fuppofcd 
 enemy. The old warrior firfl attacked him with his 
 lance, advancing with a molt furious afpcot. Having 
 
 Eierced him, the patoo-natoo was ufed to demoiifli his 
 cad, at which he flruck with a force which would at 
 one blow have fplit any man's Ikull : from whence we 
 M concluded 
 
 
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 m 
 
 If 
 
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 III 
 
 concluded no quarter was given by thcfe people to their 
 foes in time of a<ftion. 
 
 The natives in this part are not very numerous. They 
 are tolerabty well (hapcd, but lean and tall. Their faces 
 refcmbic thofe of the Europeans. Their nofei arc aqui> 
 line, their ryes dark coloured, their hair black, which is 
 tied upon the top of their heads, and the mens beards 
 •reof a moderate length. Their tattaowing is done very 
 curioufly, in various figures, which makes their (kin re. 
 fcmble carving t it is confined to the principal men, 
 the females and fervants ufmg only red paint, with 
 which they daub their faces, that otherwife would not 
 be difagreeable. Their cloth is white, glofTy, and very 
 even ; It is worn principally by the men, though it is 
 wrought by the women, who, indeed, arc condemned to 
 all drudgery and labour. 
 
 On the 25th, we fet up the armourers forge on (here 
 for necclTary ufcs, and got our wood and water without 
 the lead molrllacion from the natives, with whom we 
 exchanged ginfs bottles and beads for different forts of 
 fifli. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went again in fcarch 
 of plants; Tupia, who was with them, engaged in a con- 
 verfation with one of the priefts, and they fcemed to 
 a^rec in their opinions upon the fubjcdl of religion. Tu- 
 pia, in the courfe of this conference, enquired whether 
 the report of their eating men was founded in truth t 
 to which the priel^ anfwercd, it was; but that they 
 eat none but declared foes, after they were killed in 
 war. This idea, fo favage and barbarous, proved, how- 
 ever, that they carried their refentment even beyond 
 death. 
 
 On the 27th, Captain Cook and Dr. Solander went to 
 infped the bay, when the do>flor was not a little fur- 
 prifed to find the natives in the pofTeflton of a boy's 
 top, which they knew how to fpin by whipping it, and 
 he purchafed it out of curioilty. Mr. Banks was during 
 this time employed in attaining the fummit of a deep 
 hill, that had previoufly engaged their attention, and 
 near it he found many inhabited houfes. There were 
 two rows of poles, about fourteen or fifteen feet high, 
 covered over with (licks, which made an avenue of 
 about five feet in width, extending near a hundred yards 
 down the hill, in an irregular line : the intent of this 
 eredhon was not difcovcred. When the gentlemen met 
 at the watering place, the Indians fan^ their war fong, 
 which was a (titange medley of (houting. (ighing, and 
 grimace, at which the women alTil^cd. The next day, 
 Capt. Cook and other gentlemen went upon the ifland 
 at the entrance of the bay, and met with a canoe that 
 was 67 feet in length, fix in breadth, and four in-hcight ; 
 her bottom, which was (harp, confifted of three 
 trunks of trees, and the fides and head were curioufly 
 carved. •• 
 
 We alfo came to a large unfinilhed houfe. The pBfts 
 which fupporred it were ornamemed with carvingi, 
 that did not appear to be done upon the fpot, and 
 as the inhabitants feem to fct great value upon work's 
 of this kind, future navigators might find their advan- 
 tage in carrying fuch articles to trade with. Though 
 the pofts of this houTc were judged ro be brought here, 
 the people feemed to have a tafte for carving, as their 
 boats, paddles, and tops of walking-flicks evince. 
 Their favourite figure is a volute, or Ipiral, which is 
 fomctimes fingle, double, and triple, and is done with 
 great cxaL'lnel's, though the only inftruments we faw, 
 were an axe made of (tone, and a chiflel. Their tafle, 
 however, is extremely whimfical and extravagant, 
 fcarccly ever imitating nature. Their huts are built 
 under trees, their form is an oblong fquare ; the door 
 low on the tide, and the windows are at the ends ; 
 reeds covered with thatch compofe the walls; the beams 
 of the eaves, which come to the ground, are covered 
 with thatch; mofl of the houfes had been deferred, 
 through fear of the Engli(h,upon their landing. There 
 arc many beautiful parrots, and great numbers of birds 
 of diflerent kinds, particularly one whofe note refem- 
 hlcs the European black-bird ; but here is no ground- 
 fowl, or poultry, nor any quadrupeds, except rats and 
 dogs, ana thefi: were not numerous. The dogs are 
 conlidcred as delicate food, and their (kins fcrve for 
 
 ornaments to their apparel. There is a great variety 
 of tifli in the bay, fhrll nnd rray-fifh are viry plentiful, 
 fome of the latter weigh near 1 2 pounds. 
 
 Sumlay, October the 29th, wc lit fail from this bay. 
 It is (ituate in latitude ^» dcg. 22 inin. fouth, four 
 leagues to the north of (J.ibic End lonlanil; there are 
 two high rocks at the entr.mce of the bay, whu h form 
 a cove very good for procuring \»«h1 and «;\tcr. There 
 is a high rotky illand off the north point ot the bav, 
 which affords good anchorage, having; a fine faiuiy 
 bottom, and from fcven to thirteen fathom water, and 
 is likewife fheltered from all but the north-ialf wind. 
 We obtained nothing here in trade but fomc Iwcct po- 
 tatoes, and a little filli. This is a very hilly country, 
 though it prefents the eye with an agniablc verdure, 
 various woods, and many fniall plaiuations. Mr. Uanks 
 found a great number of trees in the wcwls, quite un- 
 known to Europeans, the frrc-wood reli mliKil the nia- 
 plc-trce, and produced a gum of whitilh colour; other 
 trees yielded a gum of a deep yellow green. Tht 01, 'v 
 roots were yams and fweet potatoes, th()U};h the loil 
 appears very proper lor producing every fpccies of ve- 
 getables. 
 
 On Monday, the 30th, fiuling to the northwanl, we 
 fell in with a fmall iiland about a luile dillant troin the 
 north-eal\ jioint of the main, and this being the moll 
 eaflcrn part of it, the Captain named it Eill Cape, and 
 the ifland Eall Ifland ; it was but fmall, and appeared 
 barren. The cape is in latitude 37 dc^. ^2 niin. 30 
 fee. fouth. There are many fmall bays Ikhh ri)l.\ga 
 Bay to Eafl Cape. I laving doubled the cipe, many 
 villages picfented themfclves to view, ami the adja- 
 cent land appeared cultivated. In the evening of the 
 30th, iaeutenant Hicks difcovcred a bay, to which his 
 name was given. Next morning, about nine, fevcral 
 canoes came off from ihore with a number of armed 
 men, who appeared to have hoflilc intentions. Ikfore 
 thefe had reached the (hip, another canoe, larger than 
 any that had yet been feefl, full of armed Indians, came 
 off, and made towards the Endeavour with great ex- 
 pedition. The Captain now judging it expedient to 
 prevent, if polliblc, their attacking him, ordered a gun 
 to be firc»f over their heads. This not producing the 
 defired elfedJ, another gun was fired with ball, which 
 threw them into fuch conflcrnation, that they imme- 
 diately returned much faflcr than they came. This 
 precipitate retreat, induced the Captain to give the cape, 
 off which it happened, the name of Cape Runaway; it 
 lies in latitude 37 drg. 32 min. fouth, and longitude 
 181 deg. 48 min. wclf. 
 
 On ttie 31ft, we found that the land, which during 
 this day's run appeared like an ifland, was one, and wc 
 haiVtcd the fame White Ifland. 
 
 On the I ft of November, at day-break, not lefs than 
 between 40 and 50 canoes were feen, fevcral of whicli 
 came off as before, threatci>ing to attack the Enslifli. 
 One of their chiefs Houriflied his pike, and made fe- 
 vcral harangues, feeming to hid defiance to thole on 
 board the vcffel. At lafl, after repeated invitations, 
 they came clofe along-fide : but inftead of {hewing a 
 difpofitibn to trade, the haranguing chief uttered a. 
 fentence, and took up a ftone, which he threw againft 
 the fhip, and immediately after they fcized their arms. 
 They were informed by Tupia, of the dreadful confc- 
 quences of commencing hoftilities; but this admoni- 
 tion they fecnied little to regard. A piece of cloth, 
 however, happening to attract their eyes, they began 
 to be more mild and reafonablc. A quantity of c-'-.y- 
 fi(h, mufcles, and conger-eels was now purchafed. No 
 fraud was attempted by this company of Indians, but 
 fome others that came after them, took wxkI' irom the 
 veffel, without making proper returns. As one of them 
 that had rendered himfelf remarkable for thefe prac- 
 tices, and ftemed phjud of his fkill in them, was put- 
 ting off with his Canoe, a mufquet was fired over his 
 head, which circumftance produced good order for the 
 ptefent. Yet when thefe favages b^an to traffic with 
 the failors, they renewed their frauds; and one of them 
 was bbld enouj^ to Teize fome linen that was huiig to 
 dry, and Wn tway with U. la order to induce 4iim t» 
 
 ■ return, 
 
 1-1^ 
 
COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Dijhvtries in tlic South Sen & Round tlic IVor/J. 47 
 
 '» than 
 whirh 
 ingllDi. 
 de fc. 
 hoi'e on 
 cation*, 
 wing a 
 tcrcd a 
 again(( 
 arms, 
 confc- 
 Inioni- 
 cloth, 
 began 
 
 No 
 
 I, but 
 m the 
 f them 
 prac- 
 * put- 
 cr hia 
 or the 
 with 
 them 
 ingto 
 lim ra 
 eturn. 
 
 Kturn, a mufquet was firft fired over hi* head, but 
 thii not anfwerinR the end, he was (hot in the back 
 with fmaii ftiot, yet he ftili perfcvcrcil in hi* dclign. 
 This being perceived by his countrymen, they dropixcl 
 a-rtern, and fct up the lona of defiance. In coniequcncc 
 of their behaviour, though they made no preparation* 
 to attack the veflcl, the captain gave orders to fire a linir 
 pounder, which pafled over ihcm ; but its effei'l on the 
 water terrified them fo much, that they retreated with 
 precipitation to the fliore. 
 
 In the afternoon, about two o'clock, we dikovercd 
 a pretty high ifland to the weftward. Some time after 
 perceiving other rocks and ifland* in the fame »iuartcr, 
 but not being able to weather them before night came 
 on, we bore up between them and the main land. In 
 the evening a doublccanoc, built after the fame fafliion 
 a* thofe of Otahcitc, came up, when Tupia rnttrcd 
 into a friendly convcrfat ion with the Indians, and was 
 told that the ifland, clofc to which we lay, was calliil 
 Mowtohoru. It was but a few miles from the main 
 land, pretty high, but of no great extent. V\ c ima- 
 gined the difpofition of the Indians, from their talk with 
 Tupia, to be in our favour, but, when it was dark they 
 bcganthcirufualfjiute, by pouring a volley of floncs 
 into the fliip and then retreated. South-weft by weft 
 of thi* ifland, upon the main land, and in the center of 
 a large plain, is a high circular moimtain, to which we 
 gave the name of Mount Edgccumbc. It is very con- 
 fpicuoui,and is featcd inl-ititudej? deg. 59 min. lon- 
 gitude 193 deg. 7 min. 
 
 The next morning, being the and, gL number of ca- 
 noes appeared, and one, which proved to be the fame 
 that had pelted us the night before, came up. After 
 converfing with Tupia, and behaving peaceably about 
 an hour, they complimented us with another volley of 
 Rones. Wc returned the falutc by firing a muiket, 
 which made them inftantly take to their paddles. Be- 
 tween ten and eleven we failed between a low flat ifland 
 and the main land. The laft appeared to be of a mo- 
 derate height, but level, full of plantations and vil- 
 lages. The villages were upon the high land next 
 the fca, more extenfive than any wc had feen, and fur- 
 rounded by a ditch, and a bank with rails on the top 
 of it. There were fome inclofurcs that relembled forts, 
 and the whole had the appearance of places calculated 
 for defence. 
 
 On the 3d, wc pafled the night near a fmall ifland, 
 which Capt. Cook named the Mayor; and at feven in 
 the morning, diflant from hence about fix leagues, we 
 difcovered a cluflcr of finall iflands, which wc called 
 the Court of Aldermen. Thefe were twelve miles from 
 the main, between which were other fmall iflands, 
 moflly barren, but very high. The afpedl of the main 
 land was now much changed, the foil appearing to be 
 barren, and the country very thinly inhabited. The 
 chief who governed thediftridl from Cape Turnagain 
 to this coaft was named Teratu. In the afternoon 
 three canoes, built diflerently from thofe already men- 
 tioned, came along-fide the Endeavour. They were 
 formed of the trunks of whole trees, rendered hollow 
 by burning ; but they were not carved, nor in any man- 
 ner ornnmcnted. We now failed towards an inlet that 
 had been difcovered, and having anchored in feven fa- 
 thom water, the (hip was foon furrounded by a num- 
 ber of canoes, and the people on board them did not 
 feem difpofed for fome time to commit any ads of hof- 
 tility. A bird being fliot by one of our crew, fome In- 
 dians, without fliewing any furprife, brought it on 
 board ; and for their civility the captain gave them a 
 |)iece of cloth. But this favour operated upon them 
 in a dirtlrent manner than was expcded; for when it 
 was dark, they begun a fong of defiance, and endea- 
 voured to carry oft the buoy of the anchor; and not- 
 withflanding fome mufquets were fired at them, they 
 feemed rather to be irritated than frightened. They 
 even threatened to return the next morning; but on 
 Sunday night eleven of them were to be feen, and thefe 
 retired when they found the (hip's crew were upon their 
 ]j|tiaid. 
 On the 4th at day break no left than twelve canoes 
 
 made their .ippcarance, containing near two hundicil 
 men, armed with fpears. lances, and ft()ni'»,wl«)frrnicil 
 de(ci mined to attack the fliip, and would have hoard- 
 ed her, had they known on what qii.irtcr thry could 
 hilt have mide their attack. While they were pmlj- 
 ling round her, which kept the crew upon the wauh 
 in the rain, lupia, at the requeftof the (■ai)ram, uicd 
 a nun. her of dilluative arguments, to prevent their 
 carrying their apparent deligns into cxcruiion 1 but we 
 could only pacify tluin by the lire ot our muiket* 1 
 they then laidalide their hollile inteniioni, and l>eg.ui 
 to trade; yet they cmild not ictrain Iroin iheir fraudu- 
 lent praClices ; for after they had l.iuiy bartered two of 
 their weapons, they wou'd not deliver up a third, for 
 which they had received eiolh, and <nly lauglml at 
 thofe who deinandcil an equivalent. The olfender was 
 wounded with fmaM lliot ; Init his countrymen took 
 not the lead notice ot him, and coiuiiuicd to trade 
 without any dillompolure. When another canoe was 
 ftruck for their mal-practices, tlic natives behaved in 
 the fame inanner; hut if a ri)und was tired over or near 
 them, they all paddled away. Thus wc lound that 
 theft anil chicane, wcie as prevalent aniong the inha- 
 bitants of New Zealand, as thofe ot (Jtahcite. In fea.<h. 
 ing tor an anchoring; place, the captain fnw a fortitied 
 village ujKin a high point, and having fixed upon a pro- 
 per fpot, he returned; upon which we weicTlicil, run in 
 nearer to the fliore. and calt anchor upon a fanily hot- 
 torn, in four fathom and a hulf water. The li)utli point 
 of the bay bore due call, dillant one mile, and a river 
 which the boats can enter at low water linuh-fouth-ealV, 
 uiflant a mile and a half. 
 
 On the 5th, in the morning, the Indians came oft" 
 to the fliip again, who behaved much better than they 
 had done the preceding day. An old man in particular 
 named Tojava, teflified his prudence and honcfly, to 
 whom and a friend with him, the captain prefented 
 fome nails, and two pieces of Knglifli cloth, Tojava 
 informed us, that they were often vilited by free-booters 
 from the north, who llrippcd them of all they could lay 
 their hands on, and at times made captives of their 
 wives and children ; and that being i)riiorunC who the 
 Englith were upon their i\r\\ arrival, the natives had 
 been much alarmed, but were now fatisfied of their 
 good intentions. He added, that fiir their fecuritya- 
 gainft thofe plunderers, their houfcs were built conti- 
 guous to the tops of the rocks, where they could bet- 
 ter defend themlclvci. Probahly their poverty and mi- 
 fery may be afcrihcd to the ravajjos of thofe who fre- 
 
 auently Ihipt them of every neceiriiry of life. Having 
 ifpatched the lon<;-lioat and pinnace into the bay to 
 haul and dredge for lilh, but with little fucccCs, the In- 
 dians on the banks teflified their tiiendfliip by every 
 poflibic means. They brought us great quantities of 
 fifli drefTcd and dried, w hieh tho-igh indifferent, w c pur- 
 chafed, that trade might not be difcour.iged. 'I'hey 
 alfofupplicd us with wood and <;i)od water. While we 
 were out with ourguns.thc pcope w ho llaid bv the boats 
 faw two of the natives fight. The battle was begun 
 with their lances; but Ibme old mcntaking thefe away, 
 they were obliged to decide the quarrel, like Englifti- 
 men, with their fifls. For fome time they boxed with 
 great vigour and perfeverancc, but at length they all re- 
 tired benind a little hill, fo that our people were pre- 
 vented from feeing the ifluc of the combat. At this 
 time the Endeavour being very foul, flic was heeled, 
 and her bottom fcrubbcd in the liay. 
 
 On the 8t;h, wc were vilited liy feveral canoes, in 
 one of which wa.s Tojava, who, defcrying two canoes, 
 haft.-ned back again to the fliore, apprehending they 
 were freebooters; but finding his miltakc, he foon re- 
 turned; and the Indians fupplicd us with as much ex- 
 cellent fifli as fervcd the whole fhip's company. This 
 day a variety of plants were collected by Mr. Banks and 
 Dodor Solander, who had never obferved any of the 
 kind before. They flaid on Ihore till near dark, when 
 they obferved how the natives difpofed of themfelves 
 during the night. They had no flieltcr but a few 
 ihrubs. The men lay nearctl the fea in a femicircular 
 form ; and the women and children mol\ diflant from 
 
 it. 
 
 fe: 
 
 111 
 
Mr 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 I- 
 
 n 
 
 it. They had no king whole fovrrcignty they :u know- 
 Icdgrd, a cir(Ainiflancc not to be |>aratlclcil on any 
 other narti of the coaft. 
 
 liarly in the mornins of the 9th the Imliani brought 
 in their camKi a proaigiout quantity of markrel, ol 
 which one fort were exadlv the fame with thofc raught 
 in England. They fold tncin at a low rate, and inev 
 were not lefs wekomc to ui on that aicoimt. Thcfc 
 canoei were fiiccreded by other* equally loadrd with 
 the fame fort of fiflj; and the cargoes piirrhafcd were 
 fo great, that every one of the lliip'i cotni>any who 
 could get fait, cured ai many as would fervc hiin for a 
 month'* provilion. The Indian* frequently refort to 
 the bay in partie* to gather thell-fifl), of whiih it af- 
 fiirds an increiiible p^nty. Indeed vvherevcr we went, 
 whether on the hilli, or through the vales, in the \v(xhI» 
 oron the plain*, wcfaw many waggon loadx of IIicIIh 
 in heaps, fomc of which appeared freHi, others very 
 old. 
 
 This beinr a verv clear day, Mr. Green, the aftro- 
 nomer, landed with other gentlemen to obfcrve the 
 tranfit of Mercury. The obfervation of the ingrcfi 
 wai made by Mr. Green alone, and Capt. {'o<»k took 
 the fun'* altitude to afcertain the time. While the olv 
 fervation wa* making, a canoe, with various contmo- 
 ditie* on board, c, .c along-fide the lliipj and Mr. 
 <iore, the officer who had tnen the command, being 
 deliroui of encouraging them to traflic, produced a 
 
 Kiece of Otaheitean cloth, of more value than any they 
 ad yet feen, which was immediately fcizcd by one of 
 the Indians, who obOinately refufed either to return it, 
 or give any thing in exchange : he paid dearly however 
 for hit temerity, being (hot dead on the fpot. The 
 death of this young Indian alarmed all the rell 1 they 
 fled with great precipitancy, and, for the prefcnt, could 
 not be inauced to renew their traffick with the blnglilh. 
 But when the Indian* on fliorc had heard the particulars 
 related by Tojava, who greatly condemned tne condutfk 
 of the deceafed, they Teemed to think that he had me- 
 rited his fate. Misname wasOtirrceonooe. Thistranf- 
 adion happened, .'.* has been mentioned, whilfl the 
 obfervation was making of the tranfit of Mercury, when 
 the weather was fo favourable, that the whole tranfit 
 was viewed, without a cloud intervening. The tranfit 
 commenced 7 hours, 20 min. 58 fee. By Mr. Green's 
 obfervation the internal contad was at 1 2 hour*, S 
 min. 57 fee. the external at 1 2 hours 9 min. 55 fee. the 
 latitude 30 dcg. 48 min. 5 fee. In confcqucnce of this 
 obfervation having been made here, this bay was called 
 Mercury Bay. 
 
 On the ioth,Mr. Bank*, Dr. Solander, and the captain 
 went in boats to infpcd a large river that run* into the 
 bay. They found it broader fomc miles within than at 
 the nnouth, and interfered into a number of Oreams, 
 by feveral fmall iflands, which were covered with trees. 
 On the eaft lide of the river, the gentlemen (hot fome 
 (hag*, which proved very good eating. The fliorc 
 abounded with fifli of vanou* kinds, fuch as cockles, 
 clams, and oyflers ; and here were alfo ducks, (hags, 
 and rurlicus, with other wild fowl in great plenty. At 
 the mouth of the river there was good anchorage in 
 tive fathom water. The gentlemen were received with 
 great hofpitality by the inhabitants of a little village on 
 the eaft fide of the river. There arc there the remains of 
 a fort called Eppah, on a peninfula that projeds into the 
 river, and it was calculated for defending a fmall num- 
 ber againd a greater force. From the remains, it nevcr- 
 rhclcfs fecmedto have been taken and partly deftroycd. 
 The Indians fup before fun.fe!, when they eat fifli and 
 birds baked or roafled ; they road them u^xin a flick, 
 Ihick in the ground near the fire, and bake them in 
 the manner the dog was baked, which the gentlemen 
 rat at ( ieorge'* Idand. A female mourner was prefent 
 at one at their fuppers ; (he wai fcated upon the ground, 
 and wept incelTantW, at the fame time repeating fome 
 fentencrs in a doleful manner, but which Tupia could 
 not explain ; at the termination of each period flic cut 
 hcrfelf with a fliell upon her breaf^, her hands, or her 
 face; notwithflanding this bloody fpedaclc greatly af- 
 Icded the gentlemen prefent, fct all the Indians who 
 a 
 
 fat by her, except one, wen- «iuite unmoved. I'he g» n- 
 tiemcn law fonu , who from the depth of th<ir liurt 
 mull, uiwn thelc occalioni, have wounded thciiifelu-s 
 more violently. 
 
 (Jrcat plenty "f oyller* were proturcil from a bed 
 which had been tlili-«vcrrd, and they proved excctil- 
 ingly giNHl. Next day the (hip wai vilitcd by iwa 
 canoe», with unknown Indinnit after fome invitation 
 they came on lu»ard, and they all traflicked without 
 any fraud. Two tortiticil viliageii being defcrttd, the 
 Captain, with Mr. Hanki, and l)r Solander, went to 
 examine them. I he fmallell was romantically lituaicd 
 ujx)n a rock, which wa* arched; this village did not 
 conlill ol above five or lix houfei, fenced round. There 
 was but one path, whicS wa* very narrow, that con- 
 diiOkd to it. J'he gentlemen were invited by the in- 
 habitants to pay theni a vilit, but not having tune to 
 fparc, took another route, after having made prelcnti to 
 incfenialei. A IxmIv ol men, women, and children now 
 apuriwchcd the gentlemen j thclc proved to be the in- 
 habitants of another mwn, which they propolcd viliting. 
 They gave m.iny tellimonii'i of thsir friendly difpoli. 
 lions I among others they uttered the word Heromai, 
 which according to Tupia's intcr|iretation, implied 
 peace, and appeared much fatislicd, when informed 
 the gentlemen intended viliting their habitations. 
 Their town was called Wharietnuwa. It is fcated on 
 a point of land over the fea, on the north lide of the 
 bay, and was palled round, and defended by a double 
 ditch. Within the ditch a flage i* creiited for delend. 
 ing the place in cafe of an aitackt near thii fl.ige, 
 quantities of darts and Hones arc depofiietl that they 
 may always be in rendinefs to repel the alPailants. 
 There is another flage to command the path that lead* 
 to the town; and there were fome out-works. Th« 
 place feemed calculated to hold out a confiderable time 
 againll an enemy armed with no other weapon* than 
 Ihofe of the Indians. It appeared however aeficient in 
 water lor holding out a ficge. Inflead of bread, they 
 had fern root, which wa* here in great plenty, m ith 
 dried tifli. Very little of the land was cultivated, and 
 fwect potatoes and yam* were the only vegetables to 
 be found. There are two rt)cks near the Inrt of tbii 
 tbrtification, both feparated from the main land; they 
 are very fmall, neverthelefs they arc not without dwcl- 
 ling-houfes and little fortiHcations. In their engage- 
 ments, thefe Indians throw flones with their hands, 
 being deflitute of a fling, and thofe and lances are their 
 only midible weapons; they have, belidcs the fiatoo- 
 patoo, already dcllribcd, a Half about live feet in length 
 and another Ihorter. We failed from this bav, alter 
 having taken poircllion of it in the name of the icing «f 
 Great Britain, on the 1 5th of November, Tojava, who 
 vilited us in his canoe ju(t before our departure, laid, he 
 fliould prepare to retire to his fort as Icxin a* the Eng- 
 lilh were gone, as the relations of Otirreeonooc h.id 
 threatened to take his lile, at a Ibrfeit fur that of the 
 deceafed, I'ojava being judged partial in this affair to 
 the Englifh. 
 
 Towards the north-well, a number of iflamls of dif- 
 ferent lizes appeared, which were named Mercury 
 lllands; Mercury Bay lies in latitude (6 dec. 47 min. 
 fouth; longitude 1 S4 deg. 4 min. well, and has a fmall 
 entrance at its mouth. On account of the number of 
 oyllers found in the river, the c.iptain gave it the name 
 of Oyfter River: Mangrove River (which the captain 
 fo called from the great number of thofc trees that grew 
 near it) is th;- moil fecurc place lor fliipping, being at 
 the head of the bay. The north-well lide of this bay 
 and river ap^'earcd much more fertile th.'n the eall (ide. 
 The inhabitants.though nuii'crous, have no plantations. 
 Their canoes are very inditt'erciitly conflruacd, and arc 
 not ornamented at all. They lie under continual ap- 
 prchenlionsofrerratu,bciMgconridered by him as rebels. 
 Shore iron find is to be found in plenty on this coad, 
 which prov cs that there are mines of^ metal up the 
 country, it lacing brought down from thence by a ri- 
 vulet. 
 
 On the 18th in the morning, we fleered between the 
 nuin, and an ifland which fecmcd very fenile, and as 
 
 cxtcnfive 
 
II I ^ . — . — -_ ■ — . 
 
 COOK'S FIRST VOYACJE— for making Difivufriei in ihr South ySnii & Roiina the ll'tirU, 49 
 
 cxtcniivc nn Ulicica. Several ranoci iillcii with In- 
 diani, cnnic alon^.fiik here, and the litdiaiM fiinK their 
 -WJrlung, hut the L'.mleiivDur'i |KO|>le poyinp; thcin wt 
 •ttcntion, they threw a volliy of lloneii, and tlicn iimX- 
 dlcd a«ay t however they orrfcntly returned their inliilts. 
 Tii|)U Ipokc to them, making ufeot hiiohi nrnuMunts, 
 that iiu'vitahlcdcllriidion would cnfuc il thry pvrliltcdi 
 they anrwcrcd by hrandilhnig their wca(Kinx, iiiliinat- 
 ing, th.it it the I'inulifli durrt (dine on Ihorc, they 
 WMulildcllroy thc'iii all. Tupia tliil cnntiiiunl in ex- 
 poHulating with them, but tu no pur|M)rci and they 
 fuuii Kave another volley uf noncit nut u)H>n a tnul- 
 quet being I'lrcd at one of their boats, they made a pre- 
 cipitate retreat. VVr call aiK°hor in ],{ fathom water 
 in the evening, and early the next morning failed uu an 
 inlet. Soon alter two canoei ramc off, and luuie of the 
 Indians came on board: they kncwTojava very well, 
 and called Tupia by his name. Having received from 
 IIS foiiic prefcnts.they retired peaceably, and apparently 
 highly gratified. 
 
 On Monday the 20th, after having run five leagues 
 from the place where we had anchored the night he. 
 fore, we came to anchor in a bay called by the 
 natives Ooahaouragcc. Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. 
 Solandcr, and others fcr ntf in the pinnace to examine 
 the bottom of the bay, and found the inlet end of a 
 river, about nine miles above the fliin. We entered 
 into the fame with the firft ol the. flood, and before we 
 had proccedcil three miles, the water was pcrfedUy frcfl). 
 Here we faw an Indian town, built upon a fmall dry 
 fand-bank, and entirely furroundcd oy a deep mud ; 
 the inhabitant! of which with much cordiality invited 
 us to land, and gave us a niort friendly reception. Wc 
 were now fourteen miles up the river, and finding little 
 alteration in the face of the country, we landed on the 
 wi-n tide to examine the lofty trcca which adorned its 
 b.mks, and were of a kind that wc had not fcen before. 
 At the entrance of a wood wc met with one ninety- 
 eight feet high from the ground, ijuite l^rait, and nine- 
 teen feet in circumference; and as we advanced wc 
 found others Itill larger. The wood of thcfc trees is 
 very heavy, not lit lor marts, but would make exceeding 
 fine planks. Our carpenter, who was with us, obfcrv- 
 cd, that the timhcr icfenibled that of the pitch pine 
 which is lightened by tapping. There were alfo trees 
 of other kinds, .-ill unknown to us, fpecimens of which 
 wc brought away. Wc rcimbarked about three o'clock 
 with the lirrt of the ebb, and Capt. Cook gave to the 
 liver the name of Thames, it having a refcmblance 
 to the river of that name in Ftingland. It is not fo deep, 
 but it is as broad as the Thames is at Greenwich, and 
 the tide of flood ii as (Irong. On the evening of the 
 aift we reached the (hip, all extremely tired, but happy 
 at being on board. 
 
 On tnc lid, early in the morning, wc made fail, 
 and kept plying till the Hood obliged us once more to 
 come to an anchor. The Captain and Dr. Solandcr 
 went on fliorc to the well, but made no ohfcrvations 
 worth relating. After thcfc gentlemen departed, the 
 fliip was furroundcd with canoes, which kept Mr. 
 Banks on board, that he might trade with the Indians, 
 who bartered their arms and cloaths for paper, taking 
 no unfair advantages. But though they were in ge- 
 neral honcft in their dealings, one of them took a 
 fancy to .1 half minute glafs, and being detected in fe- 
 creting the fame, it was refolved to give him a fmatch 
 of the cat.o'ninc-tails. The Indians interfered to ftop 
 the current of jufticc; but being op|M>fcd they got 
 their arms from their canoes, and fomc of the people 
 In them attempted to get on board. Mr. Banks and 
 Tupia now coming upon deck, the Indians applied to 
 Tupu, who informed thcirt of the nature of^ihe of- 
 fender'! intended punifhment, and that he had no in- 
 fluence over Mr. Hicki, the commanding officer. They 
 appeared fatisficd, and the criminal received not only 
 • dozen, but afterwards a good drubbing from an old 
 man. who wa! thought to be hii father. The canoes 
 iminediately went off, the Indiana faying, thry fliould 
 6e afraid to return again on board. Tupia, however, 
 brought them back, but they fccmed to have loft that 
 No. %, 
 
 conlidence which thry bclorv ri'|N)rcd in us. Their 
 Day was (hori, aiul afur tlicir de|>arturc we law ihrni 
 not again, ihuiigh they hail ptoniil'ed to return with 
 fonie hill. 
 
 Ontheijd, the weather fliU continuing unfavour- 
 able, and the wtiuUontrary, wc kept plying down the 
 river, anchoring between the tidcsi and at the north- 
 welt extremity of the Thames, we palfcd a point of 
 land which the captain called Point Rodney 1 and ano- 
 ther, at the north-eall extremity, when we entered the 
 bav, he n.tnicd Ciipc Colville, in honour uf Lord CktU 
 villc. Nut being able to approach land, wc had but a 
 dirtant view of tnc main lor a courfc of near thirty 
 miles. Under the name uf the river Thames, the cap- 
 tain coinprcheaded the whole bay. CafX Colville is lo 
 be dirtinguilhed by a high rock, and lies in 36 dco. 36 
 inin. of louth latitude, and 194 deg. 77 min. wclVlon- 
 
 S'tudc. The Thames runs fouth by cafl from the fou* 
 crn point of the cape. In fome parts it is three 
 leagues over, fur about fourteen leagues, after which 
 it become! narrower. In fome parts of the bay the 
 water is a6 fathoms decpi the depth diniinifliciura* 
 dually, and in general the anchorage is good. To (omc 
 illands that flielter it from the fea Captain Cook gave 
 the name of Barrier Illands i they ftteich north-weft 
 and fouth-eafl ten leagues. The country feetned to b« 
 thinly inhabited) the natives arc well made. ftrong,and 
 aAivei their bodies arc painted with red ochre, and 
 their canoes, which are well conftruded, were orna< 
 mcntrd with carved work. 
 
 On the 34ih, we continued fteering along the Oiore 
 between the iflands and the main; and in the evening 
 anchored in an open bay, in about fourteen fathom 
 water. Here wc caught a large number of fifli of the 
 fcicnne, or bream kiiM, enougli to fupply the whole 
 fliip'i company with provifion for two days. From 
 our fucccfs Capt. Cook named this place Bream Bay, 
 and the extreme points at the north end of the bay \\t 
 called Bream Head. Several pointed rocks Hand in a 
 range upon the top of it, and fome fmall iflands which 
 lie before it were called the Hen and Chickens. It is 
 fitiiatcd in latitude 35 dee. 46 min. feventeen leagues 
 north-weft of Cape Colville. There is an extent of 
 land, of about thirty miles, between Point Rodney and 
 Bream Head, wpody and low. No iahabitants were vi- 
 fiblci but from the fires perceived at night, wc con- 
 cluded it was inhabited. 
 
 On the ajth. early in the morning, we left the bay, 
 and continued our c )urre ftowly to the northward; at 
 noon our latitude was 36 deg. 36 min. fouth, and wc faw 
 fomc illands which wc named the Poor Knights, at 
 north-eaft by north, diftant three Ic.-igues 1 the northcrn- 
 nuift land in figli bore N. N. W. we were now at the 
 diflance of two 11. Ics from the fliorc, and had twenty-fix 
 fathom water. Upon the iflands were a few towns that 
 appeared fortified, and the land round them fcemed 
 well inhabited. 
 
 On the a6th, towards night, fcvcn large canoes came 
 off to us, with about two hundred rhen. Some of the 
 Indians came on board, and let us know, that they had 
 an account of our arrival. Thele were followed by 
 two larger canoes, adorned with carving. Thcln. 
 dians, alter having held a conference, came a-long fide 
 of the veflcl. They were armed with varioui weapons 
 and feciaed to be of the higher order. Their patoo.pa- 
 toos were made of Odnc and whale-bonc, ornamented 
 with dog's hair, and were held in high eftimation. 
 ITicir complexion was darker than that of tbofe to the 
 fouth, and their faces were flaincd with amoco They 
 were given to pilfering, of which one of them gave 
 an inlfance pretending to barter a piece of talc, wrought 
 into the Ihapcof anaxr, for a piece of cloth, nor was 
 he difpofcd to fulfil his agreement, till we compelled 
 him to do It, by firing a mufquct over his head, which 
 brought him back to the ftiip, and he returned t! c 
 cloth. At three in the afternoon we paflcd a remark- 
 able hiKh point of land, bearing weft, and it was called 
 Cape Brett, in honour of Sir Picrry Brett. At the 
 point of this cape is ■ round high hillock, and noith-caft 
 by north, diftant about a mjlo^ is a cui ious arched rock 
 " liki 
 
 I'lj 
 
 ,1'. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 «f 
 
C () M r L K T L. 
 
 \ 
 
 I' 
 
 h 
 
 ^ ! 1 
 
 I i 
 
 i' 
 
 like that «hkh h« been already tJcftribed. This cape, 
 or at leart part of ir, it called by the nativei Moiugo^o, 
 and Ilea in jj dc^. lo niin. 30 fee. fouth latitude, and 
 in 1 85 deg. j j mm. weft longitude. To the fouth-weft 
 by weft ii a bay, in which in many finall idandi, and 
 the point at the north-well entrance the Captain named 
 I'oiiit I'ucocke. There are manv villagea on the main 
 as well ai on the iflamU, which appeared well inha- 
 bited, and feveral ranoci filled witn Indiana made to 
 the ftiip, and in the courfe of bartering, ftiewed the 
 fame inclination to defriud aj their neignhouri. Thefe 
 Indian! were ftronp; and well proportioned 1 their hair 
 black, and tied up in a bunch flur k with feathen: their 
 chiefs h.id garments made of fine cloth, decorated with 
 dup't-fkim >ind they were tattaowcd like thore who had 
 laft appeared. 
 
 On the 17th, at eight in the morning, we found our- 
 felvea within a mile of many fmall iflands, laying clofe 
 under the main, at the diftance of twenty-two miles 
 from Cape Brett. Here we lay about two hours, during 
 which time feveral canoes came ofT from the iftands, 
 which we called Cavalles, the nanieof fome fifti which 
 we purclufed of the Indians. Thefe people were very 
 infolent, u(ing many frantic gefturcs, and pelting ui witn 
 ftones. Nor did they give over their infults, till fome 
 fi«all ftiot hit one who had a ftone in his ham^ A ge- 
 neral terror w^s now rprca<l among thrm, and thcv all 
 made a very precipitate retreat. For feveral days the 
 wind was fo very unfavourable, that the vclTcl rather loft 
 than gained ground. 
 
 On the 29th, having weathered Cape Brett, we bore 
 away to leeward, and got into a large bav, where we 
 anchored on the fouth-weft Mc of feveral' iflands, and 
 fuddenly came into four fathoms and a half water. 
 Upon founding, we found we had got upon a bank, 
 and accordingly weighed and dropped over it, and 
 anchored again in ten fathoms and a half, after which 
 we were fiirroundcd by thirty-three large canoes, con- 
 taining near three hundred Indians, all armed. Some 
 of them were admitted on board, and Captain Cook 
 g.(ve a piece of broad cloth to one of the chiefs, and 
 fome fmall prcfcntj to the other. They traded |)cace- 
 ahly for fome time, bring terrified at the fire-arms, 
 with the cff\:c\i of which they were not unacquainted t 
 but whilft the Captain was at dinner, on a fignal given 
 by one of the chiefs, all the Indians quitted the ftiip, and 
 .iitempted to tow away the buoy j a mufquct was now 
 fired over rhem, but it produced no effea j fmall (hot 
 was then fired at them, but it did not reach them. A 
 mufquet loaded with ball, was therefore ordered to be 
 fired, and Otegoowgoow (fon of one of the chiefs) was 
 wounded in the thigh by it, which induced them imme- 
 diately to throw the buoy overlioard. To complete their 
 confufion, a round (hot was fired, which reached the 
 ihore, and as foon as they landed, they ran in fearch of 
 it. If thefe Indians had been under any kind of mili. 
 tary difcipline, they might have proved a much more 
 formidable enemy ; but acting thus, without any plan 
 or regulation, they only expofed themfelvcs to the 
 annoyance of the fire-arms, whilft they could not pofTi- 
 bly fucceed in any of their defigns. The Captain, 
 Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solandor, landed upon the iJland, 
 and the Indians in the canoes foon after came on fhore. 
 The gentlemen were in a fmall cove, and were prefemly 
 furroi!nde«l by near 400 anr.ird Indians; but the Cap- 
 tain not fufpeding any hoftile deGgo on the part of the 
 natives, rcniained peaceably difpofed. The gentle- 
 men, marching towards them, drew a line, intimating 
 that thiy were not to pafs it: they did not infringe urxin 
 this boundary for fome time; but at length, they fang 
 the fong of dcliancr, find b^gan to dance, whilft a 
 patty aitcmpttd to draw the Endeavour's boat on 
 (liore; thefe (ignals for an attack being immediately 
 followed by the Indians breaking in upon the line, the 
 gcntlcratii judged it time to defend themfelvcs, and 
 "accordingly the Captain fired his mufquct, loaded with 
 fmall (liot, which wa* fcconded by Mr. Hanki's dif- 
 charginj^ his piece, and two of the men followed his ex- 
 ample. This threw the Indians into confufion, and they 
 retreated, but were rallied again by one of the chiefs, 
 
 1 
 
 wh" (houtrd and waved his patoo-ptno. The IXkhir 
 now pointed his mufquct at this hero, and ht him i 
 this ftopped his career, and he took to Hight with the 
 other Indians. They retired to an eminence in a col- 
 leilted body, and fcemed dubious whether they IhoiiUI 
 return to the charge. They were now at too great a 
 diftance for a ball to reach them, but thefe o^M-rationi 
 being ubferved from the ihip, ftie brought her broad- 
 fide to bear, and by liringover them, foon dilucrfcd 
 them, 'fhe Indians ha I in their tkirmifh two of theii 
 people wounded, but none killed: peace Iseing thus rc- 
 ftored, the gentlemen began to gainer celery ami other 
 herbs, but liif|Ki'ting that fome of the natives were 
 lurking about with evil dellgns, thrv repaired to a cave, 
 which was at a fmall diftance. Mere they found the 
 chief, who had that day reccivetl a prcfcnt from the 
 Captain) he came forth wirh his wife and brother, and 
 folicited thr?r clemency. It ap|ieared, that one of the 
 wounded Indians was a brother of this chief, who was 
 under great anxiety Icll the wound ftioiild pmve mortalj 
 but his grief wa'4 in 3 great degree alleviated, wlwn he 
 was made aciiiiaintod with the diUcicnt elTecIs of Imill 
 ftiot and ball 1 he wan at the fame time alluretl, that up- 
 on any farther hollilitu s being committed, ball wmilii 
 be uu'd. This intcrv icw terminated very cordially, 
 after fome trifling iirtli nrj were made to tlie chief and 
 his companions. I'hr p'lidenceof the gentlemen can- 
 not be much i ommended : for hail theic ^00 Iniliana 
 lv)ldly rudied in upon them at one e with their weaixin*, 
 the mufquriry could have done vciy little execiaionj 
 but Rippofing twenty or thirty of the Indi.nnt had lian 
 woun(fcd,ns it does not appear their pieces were lo.i.'ed 
 with hall, liiit only fmall ftiot, there would Invt re- 
 mained a fullicicnt number to have iiiairirrnf them, as 
 it appears they do not give any quarter, and none cou'd 
 have been expcdcd utwn this occafion. It is true when 
 the ftiip brought her broadfide to bear, ftie might have 
 made great havock amongft the Indians t out this 
 would have been too late to fave the party on fhore. — 
 Being in their Ixiats, the Knglifti rowed to another part 
 of the fame iftand, when landing, and gaining an emi- 
 nence, they had a very agreeable aiul romantic view of 
 a great number of fmall dlands, well inhabited and cul- 
 tivated. Theinhabitantsof an adjacent town approached 
 unarmed, and teftified great humility and fubiniftion. 
 JJomc of the party on ftiore who had been very violent 
 for having tnc Indians punifticd for their fraudulent 
 condu<;>, were now guilty of trefp.iftl's equally icpre- 
 henfible, having forced into fonie of the plantations, 
 and dug up 'potatoes. The Captain, upon this occa- 
 fion, ftiewed ftri>;i juftice in puniftiing each of the of- 
 fenders with twelve lafties: one of them being very re- 
 fraiflory upon this occafion, and complainingof^thc liard- 
 fhip, thinking an Kngliftiman had a right to plunder an 
 Indian with impunity, received fix additional lafliei for 
 his reward. 
 
 On the 30th, it being a dead calm, two boats were 
 fent to found the harbour j when many canoes came up 
 and traded with great probity; the gentlemen went 
 again onfliore, and met with a vet) civil reception from 
 the natives: and this friendly intcrcourfetontinucd all 
 the time they remained in the bay, which was feveral 
 days. Being upon a vifit to the old chief, he ftiewed 
 them the inftrumcnts ufed in tattaowing, which were 
 very like thofc employed at Otahcitc upon the like oc- 
 cafion. They faw the man who had been wounded by 
 the ball, when the attempt was made to carry oflfthe 
 ftiip's buoy ; and though it had gone through the fleftiy 
 part of his arm, it did not fecm to give him the Icaft 
 pain or uneafinefs. 
 
 OnTuefday, the jth of December, in the morning, 
 wc weighed anchor, but were foon becalmed, and a 
 ftrong current fetting towards the ftiore, we were 
 driven in with fuch rapidity, that we expetled evert 
 moment to be run upon the breakers, which appeared 
 above water not more than a cable's length diftance, 
 and we were fo near the land, that Tupw, who was to^ 
 tally ignorant of the danger, held a converfation with 
 the Indians, who were llanding on the beach. We 
 werehappilyrelicved.howcvcr.fioinlhisaltfmingfitua. 
 '^^ ' tion. 
 
 ...»-^ 
 
 c 
 
COOK'» FIRST VOYAOE—for miking Difi 
 
 oitrki in the South St-./t ^c Rniiiul t!ic H'^t/,1. 
 
 5' 
 
 mc up 
 went 
 n rrom 
 ucd all 
 fcveral 
 lliewcd 
 were 
 kc ce- 
 ded by 
 off* the 
 rHeihy 
 c Icau 
 
 >rning, 
 
 and a 
 
 were 
 
 every 
 
 pcared 
 
 Unee, 
 
 Iras to- 
 
 with 
 
 We 
 
 tton. 
 
 tion by a frcHi biffw fuiUni'v ('|>rii)ninK "P If"!" '•'« 
 Ihorc. The bay whu h .»t had lilt w^i . illal the lUy of 
 inaivt«,on a< count ot the numerous iiUiul* it (uiitain«i 
 we cawnht but few lilb while xvc U> there, but |>r<i- 
 cureil Hff»' plenty from the natives, who were e%- 
 trrmely exjKrt in iilliinR, andtlifpliyid great innemiity 
 in the form of their net«, which were mule ol a kmtl ot 
 craft I they were two or three htindreil fathom* in 
 length, and renurkably Urong, ami they have them in 
 fucb plenty that it ii darcely fJolTlblc to pi a huiulred 
 yariU without rncciing with numlKr« lyinj! in heap*. 
 Thefc |>co|)le did nm iipjiear to be unilir the govern- 
 ■lent ot any jwrtituUr chief or fovrreinn, and they 
 feemed to liveina perfc(?t ftate of friemllliip, notwith- 
 flanilinp their village* «ere fortilinl. Accordina to 
 their obfcrvationn uprtn the tiilrs, the Hood come* from 
 the fouth, ami thrre in a current from the weft. 
 
 f)n the 7th of IXrember, being Thurfilay, feveral 
 obfervationt of the fun and moon were made, where- 
 by we found our latitudr to he 1 8? deg. ,\(> min. weft. 
 In the afternoon we were clofe umler the Cavallci. Sr- 
 veral laniKi put olV ami followed the I'ndcavour, Init a 
 lifjht bree7.e fpringingup, we did not wait for them, I'hc 
 next morning, iKing the gth, at ten o'cliKk wc tatkcd 
 and ftood in for the flinre, from whiih wi wire diltant 
 nearly fix leaguen. F)y day-light on the qth we were 
 in with the land, about fcven league* to the weltward 
 of the Cavaliesi and foon after came to a deep bay, 
 which wai named Doubtiefi Bay. Theentiincc then to 
 is formed bv two points, diftant from e.iih other iWe 
 miles, and which lie weft north-weft and eaft louth-ealK 
 The wind preventing us putting in here, wc (leered 
 for the wrflerf\ioll land in fight, and before we got the 
 length of It, wc were becalmed. Puring the calm we 
 were vilited by feveral canoes; but the Indians hnving 
 heard of our guns, were afraid to come on board i how- 
 ever we bought fomc of their lift), and learned from 
 them, by the alUlhime of Tupia, thaf we were aliout 
 two tlj\s fail from a place called Moore Whennua, 
 where the land '■hangeii it» ftiape, and turning to the 
 foufh extended nn more weftward. This place was 
 concluded to be the land dilcovcnd by Tafman, which 
 he called Cape Maria Van Dicmen. 'Ihey alfo inlbrm- 
 ed us, that to the north-north-weft tlierc was an ex- 
 trnlivc country difcovered by their anceftors, which 
 they named Ulimaroa, where the inhabitants lived upon 
 hogs, called in their language Ilooah, the very name 
 
 f;ivcn them, by thofe who inhabited the South-Sea 
 Hands. 
 
 On Sunday ilic loth, a breeze fpringing up, wc ftood 
 rtKtrt the north, and fdiind by obfervation our latitude 
 to be 34deg. 44 min. fouth. On the i tth, early in the 
 morning the land, with which wc ftood in, appeared 
 low and barren, but not deititucaof inhabitanti. It 
 
 formi a pcninliih, whiJi the capia n lalitd knuik'e 
 Point, and (he bay lh.it liri coniiguiius therrto he 
 named Sandy Day. In ihe mid.llc of ihii it .1 hi|;h 
 mountain, whUi we c.ilii'd Mtmiu C anirl, on uciounc 
 of its refemblance to that animal. We faw one vilj.igc 
 on the weft lldeof this mount, and another on the call 
 flde. Several canoes put off but < ould not reai h the 
 (hip, whiih talked, and OotkI to the northward, till the 
 aticrnoon of the t :th, when we ftinxl to the noith-ealh 
 Towards night we were brought under double nefcJ 
 toplails) and in the morning it was fo tempcftuoin a« 
 tofplit the main topfail nivl the fore mixen-tnp fails. 
 Farly in the morning of the 14th wc f.»w land to the 
 fouthward, at the dillance of eight or nine leagiu s j and 
 on the i^th we tacked and fti»>d to the urtlvard. 
 On the itith we difcovered land from the nial> lieu!, 
 bearing fouth-roiiih-wtft. On .Sunday the 17th «c 
 tackedin thirty-five fathont, and found we had nut 
 gained one inch to windwan) the laft twenty-four hot is. 
 Wc f«w a point ol land, tlie northern extremity of New 
 Zealand, which C'.ipt. (.(Mik natr.rd North Cape. It 
 tics in latitude .{4deg. :i min. fouth, and in 1X5 de^'. 
 5 J min. weft longiiiulci wc i.ontinurd ft..ndingi;ft'and 
 brt till (he . (J, uhiii alidut fe\i:ii nVlock «c difcovered 
 land bearing; li>uth half call . 
 
 On the .'4th we faw the fanu land foulh-ea(l by fouth 
 four league* ditlant, whi^h we judged to he tin liluula 
 ofthc Ihrer Kings. Theihiefol thefe is in latitude 
 j.( deg. ii: min. fouth. and iSydig. 48 min. utft 
 iiingitude, and dillant aiv)ut 14 and 15 leagues lioisi 
 North Cape. Mr. Banks went out in (he Tong-b«at 
 and flrot lomc birdn that nearly refembkd geele. and 
 they were very good eating. On Chriftmas-day, De- 
 cember the a5th,we tacked, and ftood to the fouthward. 
 On the iftth wc had no land in fight, and were twenty 
 leagues ro the weftward of North Cape. At mid-night 
 we tacked and ftbod to the northward. On the 27th 
 it blew a ftorin from the caft, accompanied with lu'.i\y 
 lliowcrsofrain, which compelled us to bring the flii|> 
 to, under her mainfail. The gale continued tiil Thur!- 
 day the aSth, when it fill about two o'clock in the 
 morning: but atcicht mcteafed to a hurricane, with 
 a prodigious fea. At noon the gale fomewhat abated, 
 but we had ftill heavy fqualls. On the :9th in the 
 evening, wc wore and ftood to the north-weft. On .Sa- 
 turday the joth, wc faw land bearing north-eaft, which 
 wc concluded to be Maria Van Diemen ; and it corre- 
 fuonded with the account wc had received of it from 
 tnc Indians, We wore at mid-night, and ftood to the 
 fouth-caft. On the jift «c tacked at fcvcn in the 
 evening, and ftood to the weftward. We were now 
 diftant from the nenrell land about three leagues, and 
 had fomewhat more than forty fatlioni water. 
 
 C II A P. VII. 
 
 • parliatlars — A de/criptrve account of i.rw i^m«na — ,•, j,ri, mjimrrj in iii/man—o/niancn 
 
 and pndulhom—AH account of the inbabilanls—Thfir dte/s, ornaments, and mimer of lif—fbrir cmoes, ntnira- 
 lion, tii/agf, weapons, mitftc,pmeriment,religm and iatiemipc-—Tbf arguments in favour of t Swthcrn Continent con^ 
 trrMTted. 
 
 AD 1770 fANUARYthe i ft, on Monday at fix in 
 '' "J the morning, being New Year's Day, 
 we tacked, and ftood to the caftward. At noon we 
 ftood to the weftward 1 found our latitude to bt 34 deg, 
 37 min. (both J ourdiflancc from the Three Kings ten 
 or eleven leagues; and from Cape Maria Van Diemen 
 about four leagues and an halt, in fifty-four fathom 
 water. On the 3d we faw lands it was high and flat, 
 trending away to the routh-eaft, beyond the reach of 
 ihc naked eve. It is remarkable, that at midnimmer 
 we met with a violent gale of wind, in latitude 350 
 
 fouth t and that We were three weeks in getting ten 
 leagues to the weftward, and five weeks in getting fifty 
 leagues, for aif this time it was fo long ftnce we pafl!cd 
 Cape Brctr. 
 
 On the morning of the 4th wc ftood along (horc. 
 The ooaft apfieared Tandy, barren, dreary, and inhof- 
 pitable. Steering northward on the 6th we faw lantt 
 again, which we luppofed to be Cape Maria. On the 
 7th we had light breezes, and were at times be- 
 calmed, when we faw a fun-fift>, ftioit and thick, with 
 two large fins, but fcarcely any tail, ref^mbling a fiurk 
 
 ia 
 
 i)4 
 
1:1 
 
 M'!' 
 
 "li* i 
 
 iij 
 
 f |i| 
 
 in colour aiKl fiic. Wc continued (leering raft till the 
 9th, when \vc were off a point of land, whirh Capt. 
 Cook named Woody Head. Frcnn tivc fouth-wcft we 
 alfo faw a Tmall idand, and called it Gannct Idand. 
 Another point, remarkably hich to the caft-north-eaft, 
 the captain named Alk)atrols Point i on the north fide 
 whereof a bay it formed, promidng good anchorage. 
 At about two or three leagues didance from Albatrofi 
 Point, to the tiorth-eafl we difcovercd a remarkable 
 high mountain, the peak of which is equal in height 
 to that of Teneriffe. Its fummit was covered with 
 fnow, and we gave it the name of Mount Egmont, in 
 honour of the earl of that name. It lies in latitude 39 
 dcg. i6min. fouth, and 185 deg. 15 min. wefl longu 
 tudc. The country round it it exceeding pleafant, 
 having an agreeable verdure interfccfled with woods, 
 and the coaft forms an extenfive cape which Capt. 
 Gx)k named Cape Egmont. To the north of this arc 
 iwofinall iflands, in the form of a fugar-loaf. This 
 day being the 1 sth we had heavy fliowers of rain, ac- 
 companied witn thunder and lightening, Wc conti- 
 nued to ftecr along the fliorc a. the diftancc of between 
 two and three leagues, and between fevcn and eight had 
 a tranficnt view of Mount Edgcombe, which bore north* 
 wert diftant about ten leagues. 
 
 On the 14th when failing fouth-ead by fouth, the 
 coaft rar iiore foutherly, and foon after five in the 
 morning we faw land, for which we hauled up. At 
 noon the north-weft extremity bore Jbuth 63 weft; and 
 fomc high land, in appearance an ifland,' bore fouth 
 fouth-eaft, diftant five leagues. We were now in a bav, 
 and by obfervation in latitude 40 dcg. 27 min. (buth, 
 longitude 1 84 deg 39 min. weft, fi the evening, at 
 eight o'clock, the land that bore fouth 63 weft, now bore 
 north 59 weft, diftant ftven leagues, and appeared like an 
 ifland. Between this land and Cape Egmont lies the 
 bay, on the weft fide of which we were at this time. 
 The land here is high and beautifully variegated with 
 hills and vales. At this place Capt. Cook propofed to 
 careen the ftiip, and to take in a frefli fupply of wood 
 and water. Accordingly, 
 
 On the 15th at day-break, wc fteercd fbr an' inlet, 
 when, it being .ilmoft a calm, the (hip was carried by a 
 current, ortiic tide, within a cable's length of the ftiore; 
 '■.It by -he affiftance of the boats ftie got clear. While 
 efteding this, we faw a fea-lion, anfwering the defcrip- 
 tion given of a male one in Commodore Anfon's voy- 
 ages. About one o'clock in the afternoon we hauled 
 round the fouth-weft point of the ifland, and the in> 
 habitants of a village were immediately upon feeing 
 us up in arms. At two we anchored in a very fafe cove 
 on the north-weft fide of the Iwy, and moored in eleven 
 fathom water, with a fofc ground. In paflingthepointof 
 the bay we had obferved an armed centinelon duty, who 
 was ts\ice relieved ; and now four canoes came off, for 
 the purpofc, as we imagined, of reconnoitring; for none 
 of the Indian*) would venture on boaid, except an old 
 man who fccmed of elevated rank. His countrymen 
 cxpoftuUtcd with him, laid hold of him, and took great 
 pains to prevent hts coming cbroad, but they could not 
 divert him from his purpofc. We received him with 
 the utmoft civility and hofpitality. Tupia and the old 
 man joined nofcs, according to the cuftom of the coun- 
 try, and h.iving received fevcral prefcnts, he retired to 
 his atTociaces, who began to dance and laugh, and then 
 retired to their for*'.''.cd village. Whether their expref- 
 lions of joy were tokens of enmiry or fricndfhip we 
 could not detenr.ine, hsving fcen them dance when 
 inclined both to war and peace. Capt. Cook and other 
 gentlemen now went on ftiore, at the bottom of the 
 cove, where they met with plenty of wood, and a fine 
 flrcam of excellent water, ai^d on hauling the feine were 
 very fucccfsful, having cav.jjht th.'ee hundred weight of 
 fiih in a ftiort time, which was equally diftributcd among 
 the flup's company. 
 
 On the i6tn, at day-break wc were employed in 
 careening the bark, when three canoci ca^ne off ^ifth a 
 great nun-.'oer of Indians, wlio brought Icveral of their 
 women with them, which circuiiiftaiKt was thought to 
 be a favourable prcfagc of their peaceable difpouiien ; 
 
 but they foon convinced us of our miftake, by attempt- 
 ing to ftop the long boat; upon which Captain Cook 
 had recourfe to the old expedient of firing fliot over 
 their heads, which intimidated them for the prefcnt} 
 they foon gave frefh proo'' of treacherous defigns 1 
 for one of them fnatched at fonie paper from our mar- 
 ket-man, and milTing it. put himlclfin a threatening 
 attitude I whereupon fome fliot was fired, which 
 wounded him in the knee j but Tupia ftill copti- 
 nucd coijverfing with his companions, making en- 
 quiries concerning their traditions rtfpcding the anti- 
 quitjet of their country. He alfo alked them, if they 
 'V'J before feen a ftiip as large as the Endeavour ? 
 to whicn they replied, that they had not, nor ever hcaril, 
 that fiich a veflel had been on their coaft, though Taf- 
 man certainly touched here, it being only four milea 
 fouth of Murdercr'tBay. In all the coves of this bay 
 wc found plenty cf cuttle-fiOi, breams, baracooiaa, 
 gurnard, mackarel, dog-fifti, folet, dabt, mullets, 
 drums, fcorpenas, or rock-fifti, cole-fifli, fliags, chi- 
 meras, &c. The inhabitant! catch their fifli in the 
 following manner. Their net it cylindrical, extended 
 by ftveral hoojM at the bottom, and contraifled at the 
 top. The fifli going in to feed upon the bait are caught 
 in great abiindance. In this ifland are birds of varioui 
 
 wood 
 fingini 
 
 - ""^ "''' 
 here inftead of tea, and a plant called 'feegoomme, re- 
 
 fembling rug-cloaks, ferved the natives for garment!. 
 The environs of the cove where the Endeavour lay it 
 covered entirely wirh wood, and the fupplc-j.icks are 
 fo i)iimerous, that it is with difliculty that paflengen 
 can purfue their way ; here is a numerous faiyj-fly, 
 that is very difagrec:ible. The tops of many hills were 
 covered with fern. The air of the country is very 
 moifl, and has fome qualities that promote putrefac- 
 tion, as birds that have been fliot but a few hours were 
 found uith maggots in them. The women who ac- 
 companied the men in their canoes, wore a head drefs, 
 which we had no where met with before; it was com- 
 pofed of black feathers, tied in a bunch on the top of 
 the hea'd, which greatly incrcafed its height. The 
 manner of their dif|K>ring of their dead is very dif- 
 ferent to what is pradlif«i in their fouthern iflands, 
 they tie a large ftone to the body, and throw it into the 
 fea. We faw the body of a woman who had been dif- 
 pofed of this way, but which, by fonii accident, had 
 difengageditfcif from the ftone, and was floating upon 
 the water. The Captain, Mr. Banks, and the dodlor 
 viflred another cove, alx)ut tuo miles from the fliip. 
 There was a family of Indians who were greatly alarmed 
 at the approach of thefe gentlemen, alT running away 
 except one ; but upon Tupia's convcrfing with him, the 
 others returned. They found, by the provifions of 
 this family, that they were cannibals, here being feveral 
 human-bonct that had been lately dreflcd and picked, 
 and it appeared that a flmrt time before, fix of their 
 enemies having fallen inro their hands, they had killed 
 fourand eaten them, and that the other 'wo were drown- 
 ed in et.Jcavouring to make their efcapc. llicy made 
 no fecret of this abominable cuftom, but anfwered I'u- 
 pia, who was defired to afcertain the fad, with great 
 compofure, that his conjedlures were juft, that they 
 were the bones of 7 man, and teftificd by figns, that 
 they thought human flefli delicious food. Vymn being 
 afked. Why they had not eaten the Ixidy of the womi-n 
 that had been floating upon the water.' they anfwered. 
 She died of a diforder, ami that moreover flic was re- 
 lated to them, and they ncvi 1 ate any but their enemies. 
 Upon Mr, Banks ftill tclHfyinf,' fome doubts concerning 
 the fad, one of the Indians drew the Iwnc of a man s 
 arm through his moiJth, and this gcntii.-man had the 
 curiofity to bring it away with him. There was a wo- 
 man in this family whofe arms and legs were cut in a 
 (liockinG mannrr, and it appeared flic had thus wound- 
 ed heifclf becaufe her hufband had lately been killed 
 and eaten by the wiemy. Sr>me of the Indians brought 
 fburfKuKsoncday to lell, which they rated at a very 
 higjlt price. The brains had been taken out, and pro- 
 bably 
 
, by attempt- 
 iaptain Cook 
 ing fliut over 
 the urrfcnti 
 ous acfigns t 
 am our mar- 
 1 threatening 
 ircd, whicH 
 
 ftill conti- 
 
 makinj^ cn- 
 ing the anti- 
 hcin, if they 
 
 Endeavour I 
 )r ever heard, 
 though I'af- 
 ly four miles 
 s of thi« bay 
 baracootai, 
 bi, mullets, 
 , (hags, chU 
 
 iilh in the 
 t], extended 
 aAed at the 
 lit arc caught 
 ds of various 
 nrroM, wood 
 erent fingin] 
 us, was ufo 
 goommc, rc- 
 ;ir garments, 
 ravour lay is 
 .^Ic-jncks are 
 at palTcngert 
 3US faiyi-fly, 
 iny hills were 
 intry is very 
 >tc putrcfac- 
 
 V hours were 
 nun who ac- 
 i hiad drefs, 
 it was com- 
 m the top of 
 eight. The 
 
 is very dif- 
 hern iflands, 
 
 V it into the 
 ad been dif- 
 cidcnr, had 
 Dating upon 
 I the dodlor 
 
 the fliip. 
 
 ktly alarmed 
 
 inning away 
 
 ith him, the 
 
 irovilions of 
 
 ing fcvcral 
 
 picked, 
 
 fix of their 
 
 had killed 
 
 ere <lrown- 
 
 Ihcy made 
 
 Ifwered Tu- 
 
 with great 
 
 that they 
 
 figns, that 
 
 pnn being 
 
 the womi-n 
 
 anfwered, 
 
 nic was re- 
 
 hr enemies. 
 
 Iconccrnins 
 
 I of a man s 
 
 In had the 
 
 wa3 a wo- 
 
 |e cut in a 
 
 f-M wound- 
 
 keen kilied 
 
 |ns brought 
 
 at a •\cry 
 
 i, and prQ« 
 
 bably 
 
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COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE-^for making Dijcivtries in tlie South Seat & Round the IVorld. 53 
 
 btblv eaten, but the (kull and hair remained. They 
 Teemed to have been dried by fire, in order to prefervc 
 them from iHitrefadtion. The gentlemen iikcwife Taw 
 the bail of a cartoc, which waa made of a human ikuil. 
 On the whole, their ideal were fo horrid and brutifti, 
 that they Teemed to pride themTelvca upon their cruelty 
 •nd barbarity, and took a particular pleaTure in (hew- 
 ing the manner in which they killed their enemies 1 it 
 being conflde;:ed as very meritorious to be expert at 
 this deflrudUon. The method ufed was to knock them 
 down with their patoo-patoo^, and then rip up their 
 bellies. 
 
 Great numbera of birds ufually begun their melody 
 about two o'clock in the morning, and Terenaded us till 
 the time oT our rifing. This harmony was very agree- 
 able, u the (hip lay at a convenient diftance Irom the 
 iho(« to hear it. TheTc fieathercd chorifters, like the 
 Englilh ni^tingalca, never Tim in the daytime. 
 
 On the 1 7th. the (hip waa viutad by a canoe from the 
 hippah. or villani it contained, among others, the 
 aged Indian, of Tuperior diftinAion, who bad firft vu 
 fitel . the £ij{BU(h urao their alrival. In a conference 
 «^icb Tupik had with, binv be isftiiied his aa|}r«hen. 
 <!aniw thail tMM «i|d«iica •kauJ^vrry Toon vilit tntm, and 
 MkiaytllbftflOmplilitfllU. for bn.M «id eating tbfc four 
 •Mnt- Qn thfe.j^l/rtli i*e> freottvrd 19 vifyfrom the Int. 
 (litnai; bHVgwng ott in the pinaaee to infped the bay, 
 fM^(iiM*fiilgK'inMi4n a-ctlnocfi<hingk-iii<he manner 
 alrvdyi dcliribetl. It Mm icraarkabb, that this nun 
 /M>iMt ^yithi ka(t(«t«(t)tioait» thbiwople in the pin)- 
 Moe^ilM ctolinueii ite pui<M bk onpoynient,' even 
 wkm mt earte akMg^fide oT hini,l«ithpiitonce looking 
 U uaJ Sone^ftlK&iMvtNit'l people beingon (horo, 
 Tound three lMumil>4itp*bane«, c|o(e toJanaiven i thefe 
 wcrv brought on boaid, as well u the hairiof a jnan'k 
 head, whicb traa fixind.in a tree. The ncM day a forge 
 iras.Tei up to repair theiroo-wotkirwd ibm^ Indians 
 vltited the;(hip witK plenty of fi(h,iwhieh they bartered 
 vCiy'fiiirly for mils. .!m;' ' 
 
 . On the aoth, in the morning, Mr. Banks pUrcHaTed 
 fif the cdd Indian a twNi'aheac^ which tietTccrnddvehr 
 nnwiUijIig «o pare wichi tbellkuU had btonifaAuttdb^ 
 a bicM»ii and the hniina weoe leidiaaMdt^ «Hdiilile«l iht 
 fflhvrt jt waa prcJcrviMi fraoLputreAAibhj 'Wtwti tiM 
 ri)ie with w|u^ tkcyr,kept,thm (koU^,) mdi«l«t<Nlttift4 
 •act with whichi ilttiyitbakMitik any, it! -wIhi MMa(Alcd 
 they wcrecortfideredas! tropH^iof war, ayd fcnlmcM. 
 Dtala oT lihcir valobr. Ji) thia day's excuidoik, <we dM 
 tiDtittecfi.wkhia Tuigleinativf:i themuiMiohicvery'Mi 
 m» qdiie.faBdHinitatedt Hit weiiifce«aRdai«iry gitb<i 
 harbam^ 3^1^ (inceedit-j, day.UMiH, '^futm^uef^flw 
 alloiiMl ti^jgD'OnlfaDKTar tbciiiatMfcmnMVt«iid.'tilli 
 
 Smleniea'cinp!oy«d themTpja ia^iM^'P'^^ in wMcM 
 ey wcf^'Wtcy (jiccefsfiiL, Soiiier^. :h- oompanf'lM 
 r'u"! 4iK.r JrinroKt withf fbrrifioiti ns .nitluid notllM 
 a^WaoiageJif a* flMiated fituatio«,tbuc.irdN)(b( <• iiNdM 
 byitNroar<hn|»iwide ditches, wit^ia dnw.bri4g», IftMih 
 U, though Smutie in its (Vhi^eci r ^ capabhl Of tgnii 
 V ^ng cviaiit purpoTo againft the iira*i of thcKAttVet. 
 Within there ditches is a fence, mad* with tkktt^ 
 f.r.:-( ittj the earth. ' A dtctfive car |u H or vi^ry 
 ' c dMBbcfiegctl, occaftx)san entire depeputatioi. of 
 t>wc4bflri^*athcVaiiquilbcd, nocoaijrthorit nhoave 
 !r;^led,t butrthe pciianers Ukdiife, are devooitd %y tiM 
 
 The lad wu employed by Mr. Banks and L . SoL 
 hhder, la coUcain^ of |danti, wh»^ Capt>in Cooh 
 made ToHM oHtrvMHii.' en 'he main iand< i \ fh«fi»utfri 
 calV Mo'ofilH iiUtl^ whsch cmfified ei >»<thai» '«f 
 high hills, and JBomd pait of the roiuth^w^fti (N* Of 
 thcftraitt the oppo(itende ermded fjr'to 'the taft. 
 l^Iealfii difcoveiW a vUlagr, .rr ,n«ny houTes that'Had 
 been deftrtcd,aiKl aaodier n Ji,ge that apMtfed tb b« 
 inhabited. T err ivea udnv finall itiands lound xYii 
 coaft thatiiMu:«i entiiviy bamn^ an4 Whai*w irtHaL 
 biianis weatjapon thaaUiwd MncMr iMMVTfHii. 
 On thed^iH, wc vited! a kippiDti>i|lii)idh vW^thiMMi 
 on a very 1 gb Irock. hsUoMi underaBatb. ~«tiii^ a 
 tine natwaUi^iaM fideef «Mch>iiK«to>ke4iAiti 
 an J the other ^ c;^ 0f tte fta. Tlw iahabitairta t^ 
 
 ceivcd us with great civility, and very readily fliewed 
 Mi every thing thai was curious. This hippah was partly 
 furntunded with pallifadocs, and it hnd a Kghting llagc, 
 like that already dcfcribcd. Hire we met with a croTs, 
 reTcinbling a crucifix, which was crctifed as a monument 
 for a deccafed pcrfon 1 but could not learn how his body 
 was difpofcd of. I-'mm a convcifation that Tupia had 
 with thefc people, a Jifcovery was made, that an officer 
 being in a boat near this village, and Tome canoes com- 
 inf; otf, made him imagine thry had hoflile defigns, and 
 he fired upon them with ball, which made them retire 
 with much precipitation, but they could not efTcfl their 
 retreat, betore one ol thim was wounded. What made 
 this rafh aOtion the more to be lamented was, that the 
 Indians gave alrcrwards every potTtblc aflurancc that 
 their intentions u|X)n thiioccadon were entirely friendly. 
 On the a5th, the Captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solan- 
 der, went on Ihore to (hoot, when they met with a nu- 
 merous family, who were among the crerks catchinff 
 filh: they behaved very civilly, and received lome tri- 
 Aing prefcnis from the [j^entlemcn, who were loaded by 
 way of return with the kiHcs ami embraces ol both fcxes, 
 young and old. The next day, beinjj the 46th. they madfc 
 ilriother exciuli«>ii in the Iwat, in-order 10 take a view of 
 .Ihefftmit, that ■piillcs between the taf^ern and weftern 
 fsas. To this end they attained the ftimmir ofahill. bUt 
 it being hazy in the horizon, they could fee but to a fmall 
 diftance t*ihcc.»(h ho«cver, It was refolvcd to explore 
 theipaiiagc in the lliip when they fhould put tofca. Bc- 
 tipsrc thciridepartur«« ftatti this hill, fhr y lerffted a pyn- 
 mid.with A0ne3,>andMt fomc mMfi|«iet-lrtll«,fnAalf ibot 
 and beads, that iltic llkdy to flahd the teftof tlhie.anfl 
 would be mcmorral*. Ihm this pl«cc'had*btfd» Vifited bV 
 Europeans* On owr return, having defcendcd the hill, 
 
 rn, imving aeicenaca tnc mil, 
 
 thtflhis^and liHi, procured 
 
 MiWh»BWef*dafledby the 
 
 we made a hettrty meal ^tf 
 
 by-obr luunsaiid brte* ; udtf «h»R Wet* dafled by 
 >lpMii'a citw.. Mf >th« |»tiKe SVilllW tpbo\^Si H*re wc 
 .M^erc WIpMtftiHy'Wtdv^d bV «tt«AeHW(!ttii ftmily, 
 teteiadd<Miio rh((tr ciivllifkaftni^ Hi^fflonskkiiid. 
 nefs and pUafurc. They Ihew^d us iSWtrx, to ^^yra^ 
 ker, With'evcr/totkei' office as was in their powt'r.Trom 
 hencp we vilUed andther HiprWi, fimted on a ro<fkalk 
 iHaft>i>u«ittTibh$>' it eonfilWddf about loo houfcs, aW 
 dtthtlng (tUgr. Wb mi«dti the hficndly irthabitanta 
 SokA tftnall fftftnts «lf 'paper, beads; and iiafls; and 
 thd? ill iretkttrt' fbhil^cd us vfltti dried fl(h,' On the 
 ;97th ahd dith, ow*- tnm^ny Wer^ engaged in making 
 nectffiuy repain, kmU^A^ filh. and 'jfrtting Vhe Endea- 
 vour fcady «o c«*rWuc Wkt ^*at. ■ ^' * • • 
 .''•©"••jtertdsij;, t»e^t,th. we'^iiraTVirittti by burijd 
 «*«*rrapbaidirt etMyi|taMf> w^ Mfi<*r Irtdiart*. Trim 
 i»iiM»:^fft'heird(: ^lMtt*fc mdiK'^-bo'tiad received- a 
 wound wear tike ihippah, tras dead r Htir this rep'dri 
 |«owcdalMrwMrds groimdieTi J ai^ i)^ ftfti'' " " ' 
 
 Miridifcdurlka w^'rc'not alwa^!* rri'=be-tt 
 
 tXiring the time the bark was ureparingWn 
 Banfcrtrti iJ^.Solandef'oftcn wEnt bii llftW ■ *l 
 widk».*«»*«ft«umrcribed by tHt luxuriant cfinibdri 
 which filled itp th« f|f)acc bctwerti' the trees, and rcn- 
 dewdilhe w«yKJ^ imph(r;<bl(*.' C'afitHih Cook alCo made 
 li»ve*il.obferv-t!i :.s on the roaft to the north weft, and 
 p(!tcdi»ed nttny HMhds, fornHlng bays, in which there 
 »ppAr(td'tO'bie,')id<«|'iihel16Mge for /kiHpin.r 1 Tc alio 
 •^rtfcdHlolhl^byttVnipflhMU!). in which Kc put fomc 
 !•«««; *£*','asi|fe%t',)Hth' the addition of a -Mecc of our 
 **^'**i'''. and plaetd |>art of an old pendant on the top, 
 lOdiftli^ifti it. Returning ro the (hip he met with 
 inany of f'u- natives, of »ho:n he pur.hafcd a fimll 
 
 ' on rutfdSiy. the joth. fpmt of our people, WiO 
 It^i^knt etlte^rly in tV morning to cathcr celery, ir.ct 
 Witjl about twenty Indlai^s, i,m6ng wbom were live tf 
 ft: WO*i*MJ, #hofr hiifbands'nad lately been made car.. 
 rWW They!ll(t;iialii\jpo.. !i -' jjrojund together, and cut 
 *^ftftf» ih a nioft ftincking manner,, 
 'iiireeiof ikic or jafpfcr, in tefll- 
 \m: But^hhat HMdc the horrifl 
 
 rt*ii^]iki«< 
 
 MrMt'tnUMPl 
 
 fxcc; ^__^, 
 
 ta<ii.*!S!S?*iii?2r**^ l^ft the maie Indians w'lio 
 • k^L^l^^lJiSi'lJii^iSj^ '^"'^ sittentfon to it, bu.; 
 ♦ith rBeVrrttmwnrtATWHfmifgin'V'c, employed them- 
 
 1*1 
 
 m 
 
 :/-.f^ 
 
54 
 
 C»pt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 IM 
 
 l«: 
 
 . fcivei in rcpMring their hull. I'hii day the carpenter 
 having prrpftrod two pofls, they were fct up as memo- 
 rials, Ming inrrribed with the date of the year, the 
 month, and the (hip's name. One of them we ereAcd 
 at tht watering-place, with the union-flag hoiftcd 
 upon the topi and the other in the idand that lies 
 neared the Tea, called by the natives Motuarai and the 
 inhabitants, being informed that thofe pofts were fet 
 up to acauaint other adventurers that the l^ndcavour 
 had touched at this place, they promifed never to de- 
 flroy them. Capt. Cook then gave fomcthing to every 
 one prefent, and to Yopoa our old friend, he prcfentcd 
 a Tilver three-pence, dated 1736, and fome fpike-nails 
 which had the king's broad arrow cut deep upon them. 
 Alter which he honoured this inlet with the name of 
 Queen Charlotte's Sound t and at the fame time took 
 polFeflion of it, in the name and for the iicof his prc- 
 tcnt Maicfty. The whole of this day's buflnefs con- 
 cluded with drinking a bottle of wine to the Queen's 
 health. The bottle wu given to the old man, who 
 received the prefent with ftrong figns of joy. We 
 mud not omit ncre to obferve, that lopoa being quef- 
 Cioncd concerning a palTage into the eaAern kt, an- 
 fwered, that there was certainly fuch a paflaBC. He 
 alfo faid, that the Uiid to the (outh-weft of the fttait, 
 where we then were, confided of two whennuas, or 
 iflands, nanned Tovy Poenamoo, which fignifiet " the 
 water of green talct" which mieht probably be the 
 name of a place where the Incfians got their green 
 ulc, or (tone, of which they make their ornaments and 
 cutting tools. He alio told ua, there wu a third 
 whennua, caftward of the flrait. called Eaheinonwo- 
 wee, of confidcrable extent 1 the circumnavigation of 
 which would take up many moons: he added, that 
 the land on the boidcn of the (trait, contiguous to this 
 inlet, wu f^led Tieia Witte. Having pmcured this 
 intelligtnoc^and concluded the ceremonica.at fixiMttp 
 the naomimemil naemorial, we returned to the uip. 
 The old man attended us in hia canoe, arid rctunM 
 home after dinner. 
 
 Wcdnefday, the j i (I, having taken in our wood and 
 j/Utt, we difpatched one party to nwke brooma, and 
 'Iphother to catch fi(h. Toward the clofe of the eveaiag 
 we had a (trang gale from the nonh-weit^ with (tich 
 heavy fliowen, tl^t our fw«(t JUiJe warblert on Am« 
 fiifpended their' wild note*, with which till now thef 
 had con(tant^v iirrcnadcf^ uaiJMTi'lg rheqighlt aflbidink' 
 us a pleafure nocio be exprelKd, and theloA of whieK 
 we could not at this lipie refrain froni ramttiBg. 
 
 On the illof Fcbfuarythejpleincreaied toaHofm, 
 with heavy gults from the nuin land, which obiigtdut 
 to let go another anchor. Towards nifriit they bocamc 
 more moderate, but the rain poured down with im- 
 petuofity, that the hniok at our watehog-place ovcr- 
 H o iiiti hanks, and carried away to our lofii ta cafka 
 ftJloTvi^ff. 
 
 On Saturday, the i9, we went over to the hiapah.oB 
 the ealt fide of Charlotte's Sound, and, procured a con^ 
 fiderabic quaniity of fi(h. The people here conlinned 
 all rhat lopoa had told us refpe&ng the (tniit and 
 the unknown country. At noon, when we tock leave 
 vi them, foinc (hewed figns of lonow, others of joy, 
 thit we were going- When return!^ ip the (hipkfome 
 (U our company made an ezcurlwo along the (hore 
 northward, u> traffic for a further fupply of fifh, but 
 vvuhnut Tiki ef:i. Sunday, the ^\^, Mr. Banks and Dr. 
 SolaitUcr were engaged in colleain^ (hells, and diffeiw 
 iiu kind* 0/ (i.'cds. 
 
 On the i;(h we got under fail, biit the wind ioon fall- 
 ing, uc am- again to anchor a little ab^fc Motuara. 
 lopoa hMc paid us a vifit to bid us farewel. Being 
 qu< tlioited whether he had ever heard, that fuch a vei- 
 fcl as ours I aJ ever vilited thecpuntnr, he replied in 
 till ncjjAtivc. bill faid, there wu t, ti^iiipn U a (inaW 
 ictlkl having come from Ulimora, a dmv^ counlry 
 In tbc Rokril in wlych were onlji ^f jopey^; who on 
 ^hcir ksh4!iltt. Hcrc all put to deai^. t^ 'PWipi* of 
 (he Bay of Ilhnds, and Tupia, had Cotnc coofiifcd tja* 
 ditionary notions atxiut Ulimora, but fions thcir.ac- 
 Lvttnti we could dfaw no cenatn coacbifion. This day 
 
 Mr. Banks and Dr. Sulander went again on (hore in 
 fearch of natural curiolitics, and by accident met with a 
 very amiable Indian family, among whom was a widow, 
 and a pretty youth about ten years of age. The woman 
 mourned for her hulband. according ro the cutom of 
 the country, with tears of blood 1 and the chiM, by the 
 death of his father, wu the proprietor of the land where 
 we had cut our wood. The mother and (on were fit- 
 ting upon matts ■ the re(t of the family of both (exes, 
 about fcyrntccn in number, fat round them. They be- 
 haved with the uimo(t hofpitality and councfy, and en- 
 deavoured to prevail with us to flay all night -, but ex- 
 peifting the fiiip to fail, we could not accept of their 
 prefnng invitation. I'his fiimily feemed the moft in. 
 tclligent of an,' Indians we had hitherto converfed with, 
 which made us regret our late acquaintance with them t 
 fur had we fallen into their company before, we (hould 
 probably have gained ipore information fitan them in 
 one day, than we had been able to acquire during our 
 whole l^ay upon the coa(t. 
 
 Monday, the 6th, in the morning, the Endeavour 
 failed out of the bay, which, from the favage ctrftom of 
 eating hunuui fle(h, we called Cannibal Bay. Wt bent 
 our courfe to an opening in the eaft 1 and when in the 
 mouth "^ the flrait, were becalmed in latitude <« 10 
 (buth, and 1 84 deg; 45 min^ weft longitude. The two 
 points that form the entrance, we calledCkpe iXoaiMraOk 
 and point ^ackfbn. The land fbrming me harbour or 
 cove in which we Iqr, is called by the Indians Tooim- 
 miet the harbour kfelf, nanwd by the Gapttin Skip Conk 
 ^ia very CMvenfeni and fkk. It is fituaicd on the weft 
 fide of the «ove, and is the fouthemntoft of the three 
 coves within the ifland of Motuara, between which and 
 the ifland of Mamote, or betWecn Motuara, or weftern 
 (hore, is the entrance. In the laft of thefc inleu are 
 two ledflcs of rocks, three fathom under water, which 
 nuiy eafily \k known by the fea-wccd that jpows upon 
 them. Attention mu(t alio be paid to tlie tides, which, 
 when there is little wind, fk>w about nine or ten o'clock, 
 at the fiill and change of the moon, and rife and fisU 
 about feven feet and a half, pafHi^ through the (trail 
 from the routh<«aft. The land about this found, which 
 ire fiiw atithe diftanceof twenty leagues, confifts tn- 
 tiltly oTihigh hiUs, and deep wlUeys, well ftored with 
 a variety ofeacellent timber, fit for all pumofiis eRoqK 
 mafUi Mr which it is too hard and heavy. On the fhora 
 we. found plenty of (hags, and a few other fpecies of 
 wild fowl, that are very acccpuble food to tnofe who 
 tmve Uvedlong upqn fait proviiions. The number of 
 hihabitanta ill not gniter than four hundred, who aic 
 (lettered along the coaft, and upon any appearanw of 
 danger retire to imit bipnihs, or fiirti, in which fituo- 
 lien we iMind them. 'They are poor, and their canoea 
 without ornaments. The traffic we had with them was 
 wholly fitr liflii butthev had fame knowlnfaKof iron, 
 which the natives of other parts had not. On our ar- 
 rival ihfif wese ntuch pleafed with our paper 1 but when 
 they kiicw it wouU t)e.4>oiled by the wet, they wouhl 
 not ha«e it. Englilh broad>ckith, and red Kerwy they 
 hiffhiy eftecmed. 
 
 Leaving the found we flood over to the caftward, 
 anii were carried by the rapidity of the cturrent' very 
 «lolc to oneof the two iflands i|hat lie ofF Cape Koama- 
 rao, at the entrance pf Qyoen Charlotte's' Sound. At 
 this time we were every moment in danger of being 
 dafhed to pieces againft the rocks, twt after having 
 veered out i ;o fatmims of cable, the fhip wu brousht 
 up, when the rocks were not noore ihan> two caHea 
 length fimn us. Tlws we remained, beinsoltltged to 
 wait for the tide's' ebbing, whijch did not take phce tQI 
 after midnight. 
 
 On the 7th, at eight o'clotk in the morning, we 
 weigncd anchor, and a frefli- brecxc with a tide of ctib 
 hurried us ihraugh the flrait with ^great fwiftncfa. 
 The narroweit. part of > this Arait lies between Cape 
 Tierraw^ and Cape Koamainob the diftancc between 
 which we judged/ to ^ five Inigaes. The length of 
 the fli!«it,weioowki'not dct^Hnine. In paiffinglt^ we 
 tbiok'ii: fafeft iokcq>(o4hcinanh.ea(lfliMei.fbron this 
 iide.wc fawBOthii^ tO' fnt. Cape Tierrawitte lies in 
 
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COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijceveries in the Soutl) Seas fie Round tlie World. 55 
 
 41 dcg. 44 min. of fouth latitude, and 1 S3 dcg. 45 min. 
 of weft longitude. And Cape Koamaroo is 41 dcg. 
 34 min. fouth, and in 1 13 deg, 30 min. weft longitude. 
 About ninekaguea from the ronner cape, and under the 
 fame ftiore north, it a high ifland> wtiich the capuin 
 called Entry Ifle. We were now facing a deep bay 
 which we called Cloudyr Bay, Some of our gentlemen 
 doubting whether Eahienomauwee was an ifland, we 
 fteered louth>eaft, in order to clear up thii doubts but 
 the wind fliifting weftood caltward, and fteercd north- 
 eaft by eaft all night. The next morning we \tnQf( 
 Cape Pallifer, and found that the land ftretchtfd away 
 to the north-eaftward qi Cape Turnagain. In the 
 afternoon, three canoe* came off, having feveral Indians 
 on board. Thele made a good appearance, and were 
 ornamented like thofe on the northern coaft. There 
 was no difficulty in perfuading them to come,on board, 
 ' where they demeaned themtelves very civilly, and a 
 I mutual exchange of prefents took place. Astheyalked 
 
 > for nails it was concluded that diqr heard of the Eng- 
 I lifh, by mean* of the inhabiunts of fome of the other 
 / places at which we had touched. Their drefs re- 
 I ftmblcd thaic of the natives of Hudlbn's Bay. One old 
 
 > man was tataowcd in a very particular manner, he had 
 . likcwifc a red ftreak acrofa his nofe ; and his hair and 
 \ beard were remarkable for their whitencfa. The upper 
 
 ^rment that he wore Was made of flax, and haa a 
 wrought border: under this was a fort of petticoat of a 
 cloth called Aoorec Waow. Teeth and green ftones 
 decorated his cars: be fpokcin a foft and low key, and 
 it was concluded, from his deportment, that he was a 
 perfon of diftinguilbcd rank among his countrymen, 
 and thefc people withdrew greatly fiitisfied with the 
 , prefenu that they had received. 
 
 On the 9th in the morning, we difcovered that 
 Eahienomauwee was really an ifland. .\bbut ^fixty 
 . Indjans in four double canoes came within a ftonc's 
 .thrawof thelhip.bn rhe 14th of February. As they 
 furveyed her y^ith furprize, TMpia endeayourccf top^r- 
 fuade them to come nearer, but this they could not be 
 prevailed on to do. On thisaccount theifland wasde- 
 nominated the Ifland of Lookers-oti. Five leaguea 
 diftant front) the coaft of Toyy Poenamop, we (fw ,an 
 ifland which was ca||cd:,after Nfr. Bankk's niine(|a 
 few Indians appeared on U, ^nd in cn^jplace thgr ^if- 
 covered a fmoae, So. that if vm plaia ttie place was iiy 
 habited. Mr. Banks going oiit in his bdtt for,tKe piir- 
 pofc of fliooting, killed fome of the Port ^emonthcnt, 
 which were like thofe found on th^ ifle of Fa^> an^ 
 the iirft that th.(}r had fcen upon this coaft.' A jpoint 
 of land was<^(^ed op, Sunday the acthiii Ubtude 
 4S deg. 35 min. ilbwh,,io which Capt. Cook gayci the 
 name of Cane S^i^nders, in honour of Admilid'> Satnw 
 4ers.' Wekeptofl>f«amthe(hore, which appeal to 
 be interfperfcd with trees, and covered mthgnm k>ll<, 
 but no innabitanis were difcovered. ' 
 
 On thf 4th of, March, feveral wbiiles ai|d ftpla were 
 feeri; awl on the 9th f e,faw a ledge of rocks, and foon 
 after ahptherlcdge at three leagues diftance from tHc 
 fliore, which we gaflcd in the night to the northward, 
 itnd at day-'break obferved the othen under our bows, 
 >hich M(M, a fortunate cfcape ; and in confidcration 0/ 
 tneir ^^g Pfirn 19 nearly caught among there, th^ 
 were <j[pnppinaKd,the Traps. We called the fouthern- 
 moft pt^i^t pf land, the South Cape, and l^inditto 
 bcths'foutherh extfemity of the whole coaft. Pro- 
 ceeding tuMthward. the- next day we fell in with a biir^ 
 ren rock about fifteen miles from the iiuln land, 
 Mfhich was very high, and a{^)eared to be about* niile 
 in circurofcrcnce^, and thj» was tijtmcd $ol*rK^*8 
 ;.Ifland,' ,_ ,_. ,. _,; ,_^-^'-; ;,.'■ 
 
 :^Oij die 13th, w difcWM a bty'con^iiw Icvenil 
 Iflands. where w«of,q|uded if thci? iNsdeptJ^fjUtw. 
 fliippin^ might find ihelter fioin.il] wind*. Duflcy 
 Bay wa*^ apjHltatiOTgiven to It Wih^^c^ .nS . 
 Ave high pealted rock*, for whlchj i w»yi«miSaWe. 
 caufcd th* point » \ttttX\fA Five fWa: !J^ ,wcf- 
 tertnoft joint of M W^ .^>P^ ,#»«• Wjhe 
 fouthwari of D«%>ykWe Ciia We? tm. tKe 
 next day we pallid i miffl W 
 a ■ • ' 
 
 'opeiilni^'.i/jjw' 
 
 there Iccnicd to be a good hurbour formed by an ifland' 
 the land behind vihu n exhibited a profpefl of inoi^n- 
 tains covered with /how. 
 
 On the .i6th, wc paflcd a point ;which connftcd of 
 high red clifl's, and received the name of Cafcade Point, 
 on account of fever.-)! finall ftreams which fell down it. 
 In the morning of the 1 8th the valleys were obferved 
 covered with fnow as well as the mountains, which 
 feemed to have fallen the night before, when wc had 
 rain at fea. Thus wc pafl*cd'tne whole north-weft coaft 
 of Tovy Poeoamoo,.wnich had nothing worth our ob- 
 fervation but a ridgi; of naked and bi^tren rocks covered 
 with fnow, fome of which we conjectured might pro- 
 bably have remained there ever fiiicc the creation. As 
 far as the eye could reach, the profpeds were in general 
 wild.cra^.and Oefplatei fcarcelyanything but rock^ 
 to be fecn. x\\i nipff of which Dr. Hawkefworth der 
 fcribesu |nviri|^ nothing f>ift a kind of hollows, an^ 
 dreadful fifllires ihftead (? vaflcys between them. Froin 
 this uncomforuble country we determined to depat^ 
 haying (ailed mund the whole cbiintry by the 27th of 
 this month. Capt. Cook therefore went on fliore ill 
 the long'boat, aAd having iouhd a place proper for 
 mooring the fliip,and %_ gobiil watering place, the crew 
 began to fill their caflcs, whi^e the carpenter 'was em- 
 ployed in cutting wood. The captain, Mr. Banks, and 
 Dr. Solander, went in the pinnace to examine the bay, 
 and the neighbouring country. Landing there they 
 found feveral plants of a fpecies which was before un- 
 known to themj no inhabittnt* appeared; but they 
 faW feveral huts which feeitied to have been deferted a 
 iQhg time beforie: all the wood and water being takei) 
 on board, the y'^^ti was ready to fail by the time that 
 they returned ill the evening, and it was now refoivcd 
 at a council of war to fleer for the coaft of Uew Hot- 
 land; in' the courfe of their return by the way of the 
 Eaft-Indies. ' 
 
 On the J), If, we took our departure from an eaftern 
 ^iht of Ighd, to which we gave the name of Cape 
 rarewelj calling the bay out of which wc failed, Adini- 
 n>hy' Says and two capes, Capc,,^tepheps, and Cape 
 Jackfon, (the names of the two'iecretarin qfthe Adiiiii 
 raky board.) We called a bay between the ifland and 
 Cape Farcwel, Blind Bay, which lyas fuppofcd. to have 
 Gjeen the fape that was ca|le<i Mu^ercrs Bay, by TaC- 
 mah, ' thi nrft difcovcreriof New Zealand;, but though hi 
 netted it Stateli Ifland, wlfliitig 'tb,take pdneflioit t)f it! 
 lorthf States General, yet being attacked here by thct 
 Indians he never went on flior^e to, effed his purpofd 
 ^Iw'irpaK, hpif itiofe accursit^ljr e^amined,^is difcovered 
 W^^i^l^ of tWp' idapds, which jwere before th'oi'ght to 
 B«jk ||4i^ of the^!^ou^lv;m^piiti^t fo much fougM' 
 
 wee.andf the tputhirrn is hanied Tho\^ Bbenamoo by itlfe 
 natives. The fpimer. though *bu^^^ in fome 
 places, is ftored,,with,Wo6^,lhd in every valley Ifh^i? 
 
 Is a rivulet.^ T^ic foilin tfiolc valleys is light, fiiit fei*^ 
 tile and weir adapted' fbrihe plentiful prbSidlionof all 
 the fruits, pljirits and corn of Europe. The fummcrj 
 though noThbiter, is in general of ,a indre equal tem- 
 perature tha'h in Eng|an«fi and from the vegeu^es that 
 •were found hcrf |t was concluded, that the winters werl^ 
 not fo fevere. The only quadrupeds that were difco^ 
 vcred were do^ and rats, and of the latter very few, but 
 the former the inhabitants (like thofe of Otaheite) breed 
 lor food. Thirr* are feals and whales on the coafts, and 
 we wic^f^w a fea-)ion. The birds are hawks, owls, 
 
 Snails, and «>«»^ nifrodious fong birds. There arc 
 MCks,andfliags of |feVeral forts, like thofe of Europe, 
 *"d jhe;gaijnct, whi<;h is 6f the fame fort. Albatrolfts, 
 flieerwaterf, penguins, and pintados, alfo vifit the coaft'. 
 The infers found here are, butterflies, flefli-flies. bee-, 
 tlcf, fand-flies, ahd iiiufquitos. 
 
 T«iyy. J^Oenariilbo is barren and mountainous, and 
 j|ppea|c*4t6Walmoftdeftituteof inhabitants. 
 
 The fea that waflies thefeiflandsabounds withdclicate 
 i'ftd whortfome fifli. 'Whenever the velFcl came to an 
 
 anchor^ 
 
 n 
 
56 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 anchor, enough were caught with hook and line only, 
 to fuppiy the whole (hip'a company t and when we 
 finiflied with nets, every mefs in the (hip, where the 
 0eode Were induftrious, failed as much ai fupplied them 
 tbr leveral weekt. There were many Torts of filh here 
 which wt' had lievcr before feen, and which the Tailors 
 named according to their fanciea. They were Told on 
 moderate terms to the crew: amofttfthe refl; Rib like 
 the (kate, eels, congers, c^ften. fbt-fifli tcremblingfolei 
 and flounders, cockles and varipus forta of tnackaicl 
 were found inabundiitKe upon l^coaft. * 
 
 Here are for^di abtiundiiig with trees, producin|; 
 laiige, ftraight and ctean tihiber. One ttte about the 
 fize of our oak, was di^inguifhed by a fcarlet flowle^, 
 compofed of f<veralfibKJ^ and anot|ier which grows i A 
 fwa> -^y ground, ,vtiV 'fti&ighriknd ta\ll, bearing fmall 
 bilin hes of berri(^, iSld a f^Y liefe^bling thtft of the 
 ;i^w-tree. About 40of{ieciei (pfptanict wehtibundi all of 
 wKjch ai-^ unknown in England, exteptjatdcn night- 
 fime^ fow-thiftle. ti«(M>r Ifi^ kinds oirfern, atid ohe 
 or t iVo .arts of giiirs. . Wcfokind wild celery, and.a kind 
 bf crefTes. in great aUindUiCe.' on the fta'ftiQret and of 
 Stable plants raifed b^ Cijltivation, drtly cocQaij yams, 
 and fwcet potatckfs: ' "thetb are t>lanutions of niany 
 jjicres of thcfc yanu. ahd'pbutoes. The inhabitants 
 tikewife cultivate tHtl' gourd: and the Chinefc paper 
 mulbcrr}' tree is to be found, but in no abundance. ^ 
 
 In New Zealand is only one (hrub or tree, which pro- 
 duQcs fruit, which is a kind of berry almoft taftelefs ; 
 but they have a plant which anfwers all the u(e« of 
 hemp ai..< flax. There are two kinds of this plant, the 
 leaves of one of which are yellow, and the other a 
 0ccp red, and both of them refctnble the teaves of flags. 
 Oftnefe leaves thty make lines and cordage, and much 
 ftrohger than any thing of the kiAd in Eurobei. Thefe 
 leaves they likewifc fpht into bn^ths, and tying .tbc 
 flips together, form their fiihing nets. Their comiiion 
 appareV by a (imple procefi, i^ it|ade from tb^ leaves^ 
 anditheir hner, by another prepiMtibn, liTthiae fiiojn 
 the fibres, This plant is ^Und both in bigh 4nd ibw 
 ground, in dry inould and in deep bogs { but as it 
 crows iafgeft iu th<: iafier, ti^tt fecms to ^, its 'pr^f 
 
 The natives are n^arge, as t^e lar^eA; E^ropeii^«. 
 Tlicir complexion is liwOwi), iHil little more ifo tlMni!))at 3 
 of a $panurd. tliey i^^. Ai)i of flefli. bu( iwt bl^^ P 
 j|nd' luxurious: a^ are ftoui and well (k^p^,; 
 womn pofTcfs hot tKatdeficacy,^ which diftingviflt 
 jEuropean ladies : but their voiCe ch|^ dimni^i 
 them trom the men. The, m^n ane iravie m'«' 
 (|esie<: thejr Mir km^'M'tm mrm' 
 anS even: th^'feat^'^UOt TeXeiki^ ^^t 
 enjoy perfcifl health, andJiy^ to j^ adyanpeq age> 
 ipneare^ to be of f |ei^dMt^; iK^ W'^l 
 other With fhe uMi^'kiri^ners: but the^ ar^ ll^r 
 perually at war^, eVery Itltle dtftrid |bei|w,at '(flifn ty 
 «>ith allthe rciS; Taa n owing., mfrftShHAW.ip 
 (^>ant of food In riiffid^t'<}i|^ti<s at'teitain'^ttntes. 
 As)they have neither blaCf, (^le^ Ibet^. .ho^^ not 
 goatsjfo their chief food i^4s ffd), wKich° being no^ 
 always to be had. fhey are. i^daniger of, dying jthrpug^ 
 hunger.' They liavit a fe\|r((|bgs: ind'VvnAi nbfiib i^ 
 io be gotten, they ' biye ooly tegttablW, IbcK a| yvW 
 jihd potatoes, to fgiq onj .and^tt by'Mny.'afCideiW fhele 
 ^ail them, their m6ation"inuB,'be (Kpfoia'bie. ITot- 
 withflanding the ifiiil^Qni'df eatiiw tlM|r 'cnei^^ 
 circumftanccs and teitwcr of ^h^ ^i^vTe ii' ini ■fa- 
 vour of thofe who might j(^tt!^jin)^ng\pfni'f^^ qpf 
 
 lony- ■ "."■ ' ;'-,',jr, ,■•",'„-, ,' :'. ' .' " 
 
 The inhabiuhts of New ZefJPil iJTe 'as'lMde1|i,aiid 
 ^cferved in their behaviour iS^'^W^imoti 'tt tlte 
 moft polite nations of Euro{)e. ' lite woibert, indeta, 
 were not dead to the fofter impreflions: but their mode t 
 of confent was in their idea as harmlds as the ccwtlept 
 to marriage with us, and ec|Ually bindimYor the ftipu> ^ 
 lated time. If any of the ]Lngliih s^drpfedoriepf their 
 women, he was informed, that (lie cogent <^.hierj(|ri<;n4s 
 mull be obuined, which ufua% folloiwfiJI, ohhia.tnfti 
 king a prcfent. This dopehe was pbli^.tc* tfm bis 
 temporary wife as delicately as wc do in Eflj^aad. A 
 
 Semleman who failed in the Endeavour, having ad- 
 reflcd a family of fome rank, received an anfwer, of 
 which the following is an exad tranflution. " Any of 
 " thefe young ladles will think themfelves honoured t^ 
 " your addrelTes, but you muft firll mak« me ft prefent, 
 " and you muft tlien come and fleep with uS on (bore, 
 " for day-light muR by no means be a wimefi of what 
 -•• paflcs between you." 
 
 Thffe Indians anoint their hair with oil melted from 
 the fat of lifli or birds. The poorer people ufe that 
 Milch is rancid, fo that they fmell very difflgrcrablei 
 but thofe Of fuperior rank makcf ulc'of that Which is 
 frelh.' They wear combs bothof bone and WnOd.«*hich 
 iscoMidervd as an ornament when' fturk upright in 
 the'Hair. The- men tie their hair in a 'buncH on the 
 frdwn of the head, and adorn it with featlwrs^of birds, , 
 which they iikewife foniMm^s phce oW'ekeh fide 
 of the temples. THi^ydAmnwMly #ear fliOtt beards. 
 'The. hair of the Women fbmetihies flows 'over their 
 fhoulders, and fometiihes is cut (hOrt; Both feites, bift 
 the men more than the women, mark'their bodies with 
 black ftains, called amoco. In general the women 
 fVain only the Hps, but Ibmetime s mark other parts with 
 black patches: tiK men on the contrary pliton addi- 
 tional marks from' year to year, fo that thofe who are 
 'Vtry ancient are almoft covered. ExcFufive of the 
 amOco, they mark thenilelyes with furrows. Thofe 
 furrows made a hideous appearance, the edges being 
 indented, and the whole quite black. The ornaments 
 of the face are drawn in the fpiral form with equal ele- 
 gance and corri;(!ine&, both cheeks being marked est- 
 adlly alike; while paintings on their bodies refcmbfe 
 iills^rce work,and the foliage in old chafed ornaments » 
 but no two faces or bodies are painted exadily aftef tNe 
 fame model. The people of New Zealand, frequently 
 left t^e breech free from thefe marks, which the ink^ 
 ■bltants.Of Otahcitc adorhed beyond any other. Th^fe 
 Indians likewifc paint their bodies by rubbiHg thdii 
 with red ochre, either dry or mixed with oil. '"^ 
 
 Their drefs is formed of the leaves of tbe flag' fpilt 
 into flips, wfiich are interwoven and mide intO' iTkihti 
 of matting, the ends, which aie feven oreignrthcTieain 
 ■leni*, hai^ngouton tl^e ttppetfide. Gne'^li^eBf 
 'tins triattingtivmg-tft!4 over the iHoulders, iiit6f&io iHe 
 
 Ittiecti theothe?pietie'bein(( wrapped i^ouiBlthe'waift 
 ■filUa^mitJft to tbegWtida. Thefe, two pietefs i<re hC- 
 ixhtA to t fMng, f n1ch',ln^ nieans off bodkin of boqe h 
 'paiffibd' th^feh. amif'tackf i!hem tbgetheri The men 
 %iftir the lower gartncni' oftfy at pi^cular times. 
 ' They ha^' fwb'/kii^db'or dm^ lydes the, ^oarfe 
 
 rtioH Ib^l^ tli4h' the 
 'is Ibrthea of tfi'e fibres 
 *b)['f ]^r^ d^fl into threads WHltrh ^id&'and bitid 
 ■"" \ rdfcitibles the matting iiti which «re 'blade 
 our difli^s^t table., . ..inriiu 
 
 3 i^ ;|^MPinii|t^ hofOai of dlflTerent colours to U^tH th^ 
 "ffirts^W efdth, Mfembting rarls fampler^,; and lliifffiett 
 WftN^tneatiridi and ele^ncc. mtt dit;y cbnlTider^s 
 the niofi'brtiaih'ental part of their drefs Ss' the fur of 
 dik^, which they cut into ftrjpes, and fe# on dif&l^ 
 enf palttsdf theu- apMrel. As dogs ire not (ilent^ 
 my,iiCb6Cc theii' flVi^es witH d£Cc«^omy. Tfiey'haVe 
 ifiw^attfft^ ornaniented wlrh fen^ets; ati^ ohe.fimi 
 l»al filead>vei«d wholly with thoie of theted j^rm^. 
 
 The wbii^ never tie their hair on the tab' pF.theIr 
 tlMd*. n^raddrn it ^ith feathers! and ate len atnioua 
 ijdibut dMs ths^ ' tbe men. their lower girm^ h 
 ^itind VigMrblind tntWi, except when they go but fiffi. 
 i^;'and^hW'thtly aifeWeful tliait the men malt pot f$ie 
 them, h. once happened that fbme of the (hip's JCretv 
 'fai^6Hfed^tftelii'ii|'tp'fltalttlon, w|rehtoine of theiil hid 
 •th/nuftlVtt%tn6ibji^ tbi: rocks, ahd the. reil kept thetr 
 bbdl&i^Wc'^^t^^^^ ll^tmtd a girdle a^ 
 a^ Wtnem^mi theft wlit^e behfkVlout fttiin^fefti^ 
 tMhidlftlih^iik^ of female Modelly. 
 
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COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijioverks in the South Sea/ fie Round tlie IFcrM. 5; 
 
 of the Mils which were given them by the Englilh, 
 for this purpofe. and the women fometimcs adorned 
 their ears with white down of the albetrofs, which 
 they fpread before and behind, the whole in a large 
 bunch. They likcwife hung to their ears by Hrings. 
 chiflels. bodkins, the teeth of dogs, and the teeth and 
 nails of their deceafed friends. The arms and ancles 
 of the women are adorned with (hells and bones, or any 
 thing elfe through which thcv can pals a ftring. The 
 men wear a piece of green talc or whalebone, with the 
 itfemMance of a man carved on it, hanging to a ftring 
 round the neck. We faw one man who had the griftle 
 'of his nofe perforated, and a feather paffed through it, 
 projedled over each cheek. . . . „ „ 
 
 Thefe people (hew lefs ingenuity m the (Irudturc of 
 their houics, than in any thing clfc belonging to them; 
 they arc from fixtecn to twenty-four feet long, ten or 
 twelve wide, and fix or eight in height. The frame is 
 of flight l\icks of wood, and the walls and roof arc 
 made of dry grafs pretty firmly compa<fled. Some of 
 them arc lined with bark of trees, and the ridge of the 
 houfe is formed by a pole which runs from one end to 
 the other. The door is only high enough to admit a 
 perfon crawling on hands and knees, and the roof is 
 floping. There is a fquare hole near the door, ferving 
 both for window and chimney, near which is the fire 
 place. A plank is placed over the door, adorned with 
 a fort of carving, and this they confider as an orna- 
 mental piece of furniture. The fide-walls and roof 
 projcding two or three feet beyond the walls at each end 
 form a fort of portico where benches are placed to fit 
 on. The fire is made in the middle of a hollow fquare 
 in the floor, which is inclofed with wood or (lone. 
 They Hccp near the walls, where the ground is covered 
 with ftraw for their beds. Some who can afford it, 
 whofe families arc large, have three or four houfcs, in- 
 clofed in their court-yard. Their clothes, arms, fea- 
 thers, fomc ill made tools, and a chefi, in which all 
 thefe are depofited, form all the furniture of the infide 
 of the houfe. Their hammers to beat fern-root, gourds 
 to hold water, and baflccts to contain provifions, are 
 placed without the houfe. One houfe was found near 
 40 feet long, 20 wide, and 14 high. Its fides were 
 adorned with carved planks of workmaiifiiip fupcrior 
 to the reft ; but the building appeared to have been 
 left unfiniflied. Though the people fieep warm enough 
 at home, they fecm to dcljpife the inclemency of the 
 weather, when they go in learch of fifli or fern-roots. 
 Sometimes, indeed, they place a fmall defence to wind- 
 ward, but frequently fleep undrelTed with their arms 
 placed round them, without the leafi (belter whatever. 
 
 Befides the fern-root, which ferves them for bread, 
 
 they feed on albctrolfcs, penguins, and fome other birds. 
 
 Whatever they cat is cither roaficd or baked, as they 
 
 have no veiTel in which water can be boiled. We faw 
 
 no plantations of cocoas, potatoes, and yams, to the 
 
 fouthward, though there were many in the northern 
 
 parrs. The natives drink no other liquor than water, 
 
 and enjoy perfedt and uninterrupted health. When 
 
 wodndcd in battle, the wound heals in a very (hort time 
 
 without the application of medicinp ; and the very old 
 
 people carry no other marksof decay about them than the 
 
 lofs of their hair, and teeth, and a failure of their muf- 
 
 tfular ftrength : but enjoy an equal (hare of health and 
 
 chearfulneu with the youngefi. 
 
 /^ The canoes of this country are not unlike the whale- 
 
 boats of New England, being long and narrow. The 
 
 larger fort feem to be built for war, and will hold from 
 
 30 to 100 men. One of thefe at Tolaga meafured near 
 
 76-fCct in length, fix in width, and four in depth. It 
 
 was (harp at the bottom, and confifted of three lengths, 
 
 about two or three inches thick, and tied firmly toge- 
 
 'the'r with ftrong plaitingi each fide was found of one 
 
 entire plank, about twelve inches broad, and about an 
 
 inch and a half thick, which was fitted to the bottom 
 
 part with equal ftrength and ingenuity. Several 
 
 thwarts were laid from one fide to the other, to which 
 
 they incrc fecurely fitAened, in order to ftrengthen the 
 
 canoes. Some few of their canoes at Mercury Bay and 
 
 Opooragc, arc all made entirely of one trunk of wood^. 
 
 No. 7. jl 
 
 which is made hollow by fire ; but by far the greater 
 part are built after the plan above dcfcribcd. The 
 imaller boats which are ufcd chirHy in fifiiing, arc 
 adorned at head and Hern viih the figure of a man, the 
 eyes of which are compofed of wliitc (hells : a tongue 
 of enormous (ize, is thrult out of the mouth, and the 
 whole face a pidure of the mull abfulute deformity. 
 I'he grander canoes, which are intended for war, arc 
 ornamented with oprn work, and covered with fringes 
 ut black feathers, which gives the whole an air of per-, 
 feci elegance I the fide-boards, which are carved in a 
 rude manner, are embelliflied with tufts of white fea* 
 thers. Thefe vcfTels are rowed with a kind of paddies, 
 bvtween five and fix feet in length, the blade of which 
 is a long oval, gradually decreafing till it reaches the 
 handle; and the velocity with which they row with 
 thefe paddles is very furprifing. Their fails are coiiu 
 pofed of a kind of mat or netting, which is extended 
 between two upright poles, one of which is fixed on 
 each fide. Two ropes, iaftcned to the top of each pole, 
 fcrvc infiead of fiiects. The velFels are (Peered by two 
 men having fuch a paddle, and fitting in tWc fiern 1 
 but they can only fail before the wind, in which direc- 
 tion they move with conlidcrable fwiftnefs. 
 
 Thefe Indians ufe axes, adzes, and chilTcIs, with 
 which lafi they likcwife bore holes. The chiflels arc 
 made of jafpcr, or of the bone of a man's arm ; their 
 axes and adzes of a hard black flone. They ufc their 
 fmall jafper tools till they arc blunted, and then throw 
 them away, having no inlirumcnt to (harpen them with. 
 The Indians at Tolaga having been prefcnted with a 
 piece of glafs, drilled a hole through it, and hung it 
 round the neck. A finall bit of jalpcr was thought to 
 have been the tool they ufed in drilling it. 
 
 Their tillage is excellent, owing to the necefllty they 
 are under of cultivating or running the rifque of ftarv- 
 ing. At Tegadoo their crops were juft put into the 
 ground, and the fiirface of the field was as fmooth as a 
 garden, the roots were ranged in regular lines, and to 
 every root there remained a hillock. A long narrow 
 flake, (harpcned to an edge at bottom, witn a piece 
 fixed acrols a little above it, for the convenience of 
 driving it into the ground with the foot, fupplies the 
 place both of plough and (pade. The foil being light, 
 their work is not verv laborious, and with this inllru- 
 mcnt alone they will turn up ground of fix or feven 
 acres in extent. 
 
 The feine, the large net which has been already no- 
 ticed, is produced by the united labour, and is proba- 
 bly the joint oropcrty of a whole town. Their fifli- 
 hooks are of (hell or bone 5 and they have balkcts of 
 wicker-work to hold ihc fifti. Their warlike weapons 
 are (bears, darts, battle-axes, and the patoo-patoo. 
 The (pear, which is pointed at each end, is about fix- 
 i:in feet in length, and they hold it in the middle, fo 
 ' <at it is difficult to parry a pu(h from it. Whether 
 ti.cy fight in boats or on fliore the battle is hand to hand, 
 fo that they mufl: make bloody work of it. They ' 
 truft chiefly in the patoo patoo, which it faftcned to 
 their wrifts, by means of a ftrong (Irap, that it may 
 not be wrertcd out of their hands. Thefe arc worn in 
 the girdles of people of a fupcrior rank, as a military 
 ornament. They have a kind of ftaff of diftindion, 
 winch is carried by the principal warriors. It is formed 
 of a whale's rib, is quite white, and adorned with 
 carving, feathers, and the hair of their dogs. Some- 
 times they had a (tick (ix feet long, inlaid with (hells, 
 and oiherwife ornamented like a military ftaff. This 
 honourable mark of diftindion was commonly in die 
 hands of the aged, who were alfo more daubed with 
 the amoco. 
 
 When they came to attack us, one or more of thefe 
 old men thus diftinguiftied, were ufually in each canoe. 
 It is their cuftom to flop about 50 or 60 yards from a 
 ftjip, when the chiefs rifing from their feat, put on a 
 dog;s (km garment, and holding out their decorated 
 ftatt, dircft ihcm how to proceed. When they were 
 too far from the ftjip to reach it with their miflilc wea- 
 pons, then the defiance was given, and the words 
 ufual^- were Karomai, haromai, harrc uta a patoo-pa- 
 ^ too. 
 
S8 
 
 Cnpt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 r ;l 
 
 i 
 
 'I 
 
 too. ** Come on (horc, come on (liore, and we will 
 kill you all with our patoo.patoof." While they thut 
 threatened u«, they approached gradually the bark, till 
 clofe along fidci yet talking at intcrvnii, in a peaceable 
 manner, and anfwering whatever qiiclfioni we alked 
 them. Then again their menaces were renewed, till 
 encouraged by our fuppofcd timidity, they began the 
 war-rong and dance, the Ture prelude of an attack, 
 which always followed, and ronictinws continued until 
 the firing of fmall (hot repulfcd them i but at others, 
 they vented their pafTion, by throwing a few (tones at 
 the (hip, in the way of inPulting us. 
 
 The contortionsi of thrfe favage Indians are nume> 
 roust their limbs are diilortcd, and their faces are 
 agitated with ftrange coiivuliivc motions. I'hcir 
 tongue hangs out of their mouths to an amazing 
 length, a:'d their eye-lidi are drawn fu as to form a 
 circle round the eye. At the fanie time they Ihakc 
 their darts, brandifli their fpcart, and wave their pntoO' 
 patoos to and fro in the air. There is an admirable 
 vigour and adtivity in their dancing ; and in their long 
 thev keep time with fuch exaiflncfs. that 60 or i oo 
 paddles when (Truck ngain(\ the fides of their boats at 
 once, make only a fmgle report. In timet of peace 
 they fometimes fmg in a manner refembling the war- 
 fong, but the dance is omitted. The women, whofc 
 voices are exceeding melodious and foft, fing likewife 
 in a mulical, but mournful manner. One of their in- 
 (Truments ofmufic is a (hell, from which they produce 
 a found not unlike that made with a common horn 1 
 the other is a fmall wooden pipe, refembling a child's 
 nine-pin. not fuperior in found to a child s whilTle. 
 We never heard them attempt to ling to them, or to 
 produce any meafured notes like what we call a tune. 
 
 As to the horrid cul\om of eating human Cicth, pre- 
 valent among them, to what has Men already faid on 
 this head, we (hall only add, that in moil of the coves, 
 upon landing, we found near the places where fires had 
 been made, Hclh bones of men 1 and among the heads 
 that were brought on board, fome of them had a kind 
 of falfe eyes, and ornaments in their ears, as if alive. 
 The head purchafed by Mr. Banks, and fold with great 
 relutflance, was that of a young pcrfon, and, by the 
 contudons on one (ide, appeared to have received many 
 violent blows. There had been lately a (kirmifh, and 
 we fuppofcd the young man had been killed with the 
 reft. 
 
 The hippahs or villages of thefe people, of which 
 there arc icvcral between the bay of Plenty and Queen 
 Charlotte's found, are all forti(icd. In thcfe they con- 
 ftantly rcfide ; but near Telaga, Hawk's Bay, and Po> 
 verty Bay, only fingic houfes are to be fefcn, at a con- 
 fiderable diftance from each other. On the fides of the 
 hills were ereded long ftages, fupplied with darts and 
 ftones, thought by us to ^ retreats in time of action ; 
 as it appeared that from fuch places they could combat 
 with their enemies to great advantage. A magazine of 
 provifions, confifting of dried fi(h, and fern roots, was 
 alfo difcovered in thefe fortifications. 
 
 The inhabitants of this part of the country were all 
 TubieAs of Teratu, who reuded near the bay of Plenty ; 
 Ana to their being thus united under one chief, they 
 owed a fecurity unknown to thofe of other parts. Se- 
 veral inferior governors are in the dominions of Teratu, 
 to whom the mod implicit obedience is paid. One of 
 the inhabitants having robbed a failor belonging to the 
 Endeavour, complaint was made to a chief, who chaf- 
 tized the thief by kicking and ftriking him, which 
 corredUon he bore with unrcfifting humility. The in. 
 habitants of the fouthcrn parts formed little focieties. 
 who had ail things in common, particularly fi(hing nets 
 and fine apparel. The latter, probably obtained in 
 war. were kept in a little hut, dedined for that ufe, in 
 the center of the town, and the feveral parts of the 
 nets, being made by ditfcrcnt families, were after- 
 wards joim-d together for public ufe. Lefs account, in 
 the opinion of Tupia. is nude of the women here than 
 in the South Sea iflandi. Both fcza eat together; but 
 how they divide their labour, we cannot determine with 
 certainty, though we arc inclined to believe that the 
 I 
 
 men cultivate the ground, make nets, catch birdj, md 
 go out in their canoes to fi(h 1 while the women arc cm- 
 ployed in weaving cloth, collecting (hclUiifti, and in 
 drelTing food. 
 
 As to the religion of thefe people, they acknowledge 
 one Supreme Being, and feveral fuborJinate deities. 
 Their mode of worfhip we could not learn, nor wai 
 any niace proper lor that purpofe fccn. There wan in- 
 deed a fiiull fiiuaif area, cncompaircd with (l(»nes in 
 the middle of which hung a balket of fcrn-roots on 
 one of their fpadcs. This they faid was an otll-ring to 
 their gods, to obtain from them n plentiful crop of pro- 
 vitions. They gave the fame account of the origin of- 
 the world, and the jiiodudion of mankind, as our 
 friends in Otaheite. I'lipia, however, fccmcd to have 
 much more deep and extcniive knowledge of thefe fub- 
 jeds than any of the people of thiii idand, and when he 
 lomctimes delivered a long difiuurfe, he was fure of « 
 numerous audience, who heard with remarkable re- 
 verence and attention. 
 
 With regard to the manner of difpofing of their 
 dead, we could form no certain opinion. The fouthern 
 diftritfl faid, they difpofcd of their dead by throwing 
 them into the fca j but thofc of the north buried them 
 in the ground. We faw, however, not the leaft fign of 
 any grave or monument t but the body of many among 
 the living, bore the marks of wounds, in token of 
 grief for the lofs of their friends and relations. .Some 
 of their (cars were newly made, a proof that their 
 friends had died while we were there t yet no one faw 
 any thing like a funeral ceremony or procefiion, the roa- 
 fon is, Dccaufe they alfcdcd to conceal every thing rc- 
 fpcdting the dead with the utmoft fccrecy. 
 
 We obfcrved a great fimilitudc between the drefs, 
 furniture, boats, and nctsof the New Zcalandcrs, and 
 the natives of the South Sea Iflands, which evidently 
 dcmonftratcs that the common anceltors of both were 
 ai origine natives of the fame country. Indeed the in- 
 habitants of thefe dift'crent places have a tradition, that 
 their anccfiors fprang from another country many years 
 fince, and they both agree that this country was called 
 Heawigc. This is alfo certain, that Tupia when he 
 accofted the people here in the language of his own 
 country, was perfectly undcrflood t But perhap.<! a yet 
 (Ironger proof that their origin was the fame, will arife 
 from a (pecimcn of their language, which we (hall 
 evince by a lift of words in both languages, according 
 to the dialed of the northern and (outhern iflands of 
 which New Zealand confifts; whence it will appear, 
 that the language of Otaheite does not differ more 
 from that of New Zealand, than the language of the 
 two iflands from each other. 
 
 The LANGUAGE OF 
 
 New Zealand. 
 
 Otaheite. 
 
 English. 
 
 Northern. 
 
 Southern. 
 
 
 
 Eareetc 
 
 Eareetc 
 
 Earee 
 
 A chief. 
 
 Taata 
 
 Taata 
 
 Taata 
 
 A man. 
 
 Whahine 
 
 Whahine 
 
 Ivahine 
 
 A ■woman. 
 
 Eupo 
 
 Heaowpoho 
 
 Eupo 
 
 The bead. 
 
 Macauwe 
 
 Heoo-oo' 
 
 Roourou 
 
 The hair. 
 
 Terringa 
 
 Hetahcyei 
 
 Terrca 
 
 The ear. 
 
 Erai 
 
 Heai 
 
 Erai 
 
 The forehead. 
 
 Mata 
 
 Hemata 
 
 Mata 
 
 The eyes. 
 The cleekt. 
 
 Paparinga 
 
 Hepapaeh 
 
 Paparea 
 
 Ahewh 
 
 Heeih 
 
 Ahew 
 
 The nefe. 
 
 Hangoutou 
 Ecouwai 
 
 Hegaowai 
 Hasaoewai 
 
 Outou 
 Rema 
 
 The mouth. 
 The chin. 
 The arm. 
 
 
 Maticara 
 
 Hermaigawh Maneow 
 
 The finger. 
 
 Ateraboo 
 
 
 ■ Oboo 
 
 The telly. 
 
 Apet9 
 
 Heeapcto 
 
 Peto 
 
 The navel. 
 
 Haromai 
 
 Heromai 
 
 Harroraai 
 
 Gmie hither. 
 
 Heica 
 
 Heica 
 
 Eyea 
 
 Fi/h. 
 
 Kooura 
 
 Kooura 
 
 Toouta 
 
 Aloijler. 
 
 Taro 
 
 Taro 
 
 Taro 
 
 Coeoas. 
 
 Cumala 
 
 Cumala 
 
 Cumala 
 
 Potatoet. 
 
 Tuphwhe 
 
 Tuphwhe 
 
 Tuphwhe 
 
 Tams. 
 
 Maiwiu 
 
 Mannu 
 
 Mannu 
 
 Birdt. 
 
COOK'» FIRIT VOYAGE— for making Dijcntrut in the Souib Seas fie Rounrf the H'orlil. 59 
 
 NlW ZlALAND. 
 
 Sorlbtrn. Southern. 
 
 QrAiaiTi. Enolum. 
 
 Kaoura 
 
 Tahai 
 
 Rua 
 
 Torou 
 
 Ha 
 
 Kema 
 
 Ono 
 
 Etu 
 
 Warou 
 
 Iva 
 
 Angahourou 
 
 Hennihew 
 
 Mchow 
 
 Aniootoo 
 
 Matakctake 
 
 Eheara 
 
 Kcno 
 
 Eratou 
 
 Toubouna 
 
 Owy Terra 
 
 Kaoura 
 
 llcncaho 
 
 Keno 
 
 Eratou 
 
 Toubouna 
 
 Oure 
 
 Tahai 
 
 Rua 
 
 Torou 
 
 Hea 
 
 Rema 
 
 Ono 
 
 Hctu 
 
 Warou 
 
 I leva 
 
 Ahourou 
 
 Nihio 
 
 Mactai 
 
 Tcto 
 
 Mataitai 
 
 Hciva 
 
 Eno 
 
 Eraou 
 
 Toubouna 
 
 Owy Terra 
 
 No. 
 
 Ont. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Three. 
 
 I'oHr, 
 
 Five. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Sewn. 
 
 Eight. 
 
 Nine. 
 
 Ten. 
 
 The teeth. 
 
 The wind. 
 
 A thief. 
 
 To eMm'ute. 
 
 Tofing. 
 
 Bod. 
 
 Tncs. 
 
 GraiidfiUber. 
 r What do 
 I ynn (all 
 (. tbn or that. 
 
 Hence it appears evidently that the language of New 
 Zealand and Otahcitc, is radically One and the fame. 
 The dialctft indeed is different as in England, where the 
 word is pronounced gale in Middlcfex, and geale in 
 Yorkfhirc ; and as the northern and fouthern words 
 were taken down by two different pcrfons, one might 
 pollibly ufe more words than the other to cxprcfs the 
 ^mc found. Bcfides, in the fouthern parts they put 
 the articles be or h before a noun, as wc do thofc of 
 the or a : it is alfo common to add the word oeia after 
 another word, as we fay eeriiunly, or yes indeed \ and by 
 not attending fufficiently to this, our gendenicn fome- 
 timcs, judging by the ear only, formed wortis of an 
 enormous length : for example, one of them a(1<ing a 
 nitive the name of the idand, called Matuaro, he re- 
 plied, with the particle ke prefixed Ke-matuaro; and 
 upon the qucdinn being repeated, the Indian added 
 oeia. which made the word ke-malitaro oria j and upon 
 infpcding the log-book, Capt. Cook found Matuaro 
 
 transformed into Cumettiwarrmeia. Now n fimilar or- 
 thographical diffcrenre might happen, or a like mif- 
 take might be made bv a foreigner m writing an Enplifli 
 word, auppofe a New Zcalandcr to emjuire, when 
 near to afk, /^<x»/ vtlhee is ibis f 1 he anfwcr might be, 
 // u Hackney indeed. The Indian then for the informa. 
 tion of his countrymen, had he the ufc of Ictteri, might 
 record, that he had pafTcd through, or been at a place 
 called bj' the Englilh llj/ibaiiiiryindtrd. Wc were 
 ourfclves' at flrft led into many ridiculous millakcs, 
 from not knowing that the article ufed in the South* 
 Sea lilands, is to or tn, inOead of ke or ko. 
 
 We have fuppofcd, that the original inhabitants of 
 thefc iflands, and thofe in the South-Seas, came frotn 
 the fame country 1 but what country that is, or where 
 (ituated, remains (iill a fubjed) of enquiry. In this we 
 all agreed, that the original natives were not of America, 
 which lies to the caflward i and unlcfs there Ihould bo 
 a continent to the fnuthward, in a temperate latitude, 
 we cannot but conclude that they emigrated from tha 
 weft ward. 
 
 Before we clofc this account of New Zealand, we beg 
 leave further to obfcrve, that hitherto our navigation 
 has been very unfavourable to the fupuofition of a 
 Southern Continent. The navigators who have fup- 
 
 ?)rtcd the portions upon which this is founded, are 
 afnun, Juan Fcrnandes, Hermite, Quiros, and Rog.« 
 gewein ; but the track of the Endeavour has totally fub« 
 verted all their theoretical arguments. Upon a view 
 of the chart it will appear, that a large fpace extends 
 quite to the tropics, which has not been explored by 
 uf nor any other navigators ; yet we believe there is no 
 cape of any Southern Continent, and no Southern Con« 
 tincnt to the northward of 40 deg. fouth. Of what 
 may lie farther to the fouthward of 40 dog. we can give 
 no opinion; yet are far from difcouraging any future 
 attempts after new difcoveries : for a voyage like this 
 may ne of public utdiry. Should nocnntincntbe found, 
 new iflands within the tropics may be difcovcred. Tupia 
 in a rough chart of his own drawing laid down no (cf» 
 than fcventy-four ; and he gave us an account of above 
 one hundred and thirty, which no European velfcl haa 
 ever yet vifitcd. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Paffage frnm Neio Zen/and to Botany Hay, in New Holland — Farioui incidents related — A de/cription of the country and 
 ks inhabit a'tts — The Eiidcivour fails from Botany Bay to Trinity Bay—iyitb a further account of the country— Her dan^ 
 gerousfiluation in her paffagefrom Trinity Bay to Endeavour River. 
 
 ON Saturday the 31ft of March, 1770, we failed 
 from Cape Farewell, having fine weather and a 
 fair wind. This cape lies in latitude 40 deg. 3} min. 
 S. and in 1 86 deg. W. longitude. The fame day wc 
 (leered wcQward, with a frefli gale till the 2nd of 
 April, when by obfervation wc found our latitude to be 
 40 deg. and our Irngitudc from Cape Farewell, 2 deg. 
 3 1 min. W. On the ninth in the morning, when in 
 iatitude 3S deg. 29 min. S. we faw a tropic bird, a fight 
 very unufual in fo high a latitude. On the 1 5th we law 
 an egg bird, and a gannct. As thefe birds never go 
 far from land, we founded all night, but had no eround 
 at 130 fathom water. The day following a fmall land 
 bird perched on the rigging, but we had no ground at 
 120 fathom. Tucfday the 17th, we had freih gales 
 with fquatls and dark weather in the morning t and in 
 the afternoon a ' hard gale and a great fea from the 
 fouthward, which obliged us to run under our fore-fail 
 and mizcn all night. On the 1 8th in the morning, 
 we were vifitcd by a pintado bird, and fome Port- 
 Egniont hens, an infallible fign that land was near, 
 which we difcovered at iix o'clock in the morning of the 
 19th, four or five leagues ijinant. To the fouthcmioft 
 point in fight, we gave the name of Point Hicks, the 
 name jof our fir(\ lieutenant who difcovcred it. At 
 noon, in latitude 37 deg. 5. min. and 2to d(». 39 min. 
 W. longitude, another rcnuwkabk point of the fame 
 
 land bore N. 20 E. diftant about four Icngnes. This 
 
 foint rifing in a round hillock, extremely like the Ram 
 lead at the entrance of Plymouth Sound, Capt. Cook 
 therefore gave it the fame name. What We had yet 
 feen of the land was low and level ; the (hore white and 
 fandy; and the inland parts covered with wood and 
 verdure. At this time we faw three watcr-fpouts at 
 once t two between us and the (hore, and the third at 
 fome didance upon our larboard quarter. In the 
 evening, at fix o'clock, the northermoft point of land 
 was dillant about two leagues, which wc named Cape 
 Howe. On the following day we had a difiant view of 
 the country, ^hich was in general covered with wood, 
 and interfperfed with feveral fmall lawns. It appeared 
 to be inhabited, as fmoke was feen in feveral places. 
 At four o'clock the next morning, we faw a high moun< 
 tain, which from its (hape, was called Mount Drome- 
 dary, under which there is a point which received the 
 .lamc of Point Dromedary. In the evening we were 
 oppofite a point of land which rofe perpendicular, and 
 was called Point Upright. On Sunday the 2 2d, we 
 were fo near the fliorc, as to fee feveral of the inhabi- 
 tants on the coaO, who were of a very dark complexion, 
 if not perfed negroes. At noon wc faw a remarkable 
 peeked hill, to which the captain gave the name (rf' the 
 Pigeon Houfe, from its refemblance of Ibch a building. 
 I'he frees on this i(lan4 were both tall and large, 
 
 but 
 
I 
 
 60 
 
 Capi. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i .1 
 
 If 
 I 
 
 
 Nil 
 
 I • 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 
 !■ I 
 
 but wc faw no place lit to give Ihtltcr even to a 
 boat. 
 
 The captain pave the name of Cape George to a 
 
 1>oint of land difiovered on St. CJeoruc'i-day, two 
 caguf* to the north of which the fca formed a bay, 
 which, from ici (hape, wa» rallc«l l.ong Nofe 1 eight 
 leagues from which licii Red Point, fo called from the 
 < olour of the Ibil in \tn neighhourhcHHi. On the 17th, 
 wc faw feveral inhabitants walking along the (hore, 
 four of them carrying a canoe on their Ihouldcrs, but 
 ai they did not attempt to come off to the lliip, the 
 captain took Mcirri. Danks and Solandcr, and Tupia in 
 the yawl, and employed four men to row them to that 
 part of the lliorc where they faw the natives, near which 
 four fmall canoes laid clofe in land. The Indians fat 
 on the nK'ks till the yawl was a quarter of a mile from 
 thr (hore, and then they ran away into the woods. The 
 furf beating violently on the beach, prevented the boat 
 from landmgi the gentlemen were tnereforc obligril to 
 make what obfervations they could at a dillance. The 
 canoes refcmblcd generally the fmallcr fort of thofe of 
 New Zealand. They faw a great number of cabbage 
 trees on Ihorc ; the other trees were of the |)alm kind, 
 and there was no underwood among them. At five in 
 the evening they returned to the Oiip, and a light breeze 
 fpringing up, we failed to the northward, where we dil- 
 covered fcveial people on fliore, who, on our approach, 
 retired to an eminence, foon alter which two canoes ar- 
 rived on the "ore, and four men, who came in them, 
 joined the others. The pinnace having been fcnt a- 
 nead to found, arrived near the fjwt where the Indians 
 had Rationed themll-lves, on which one of them hid 
 hiojfelf among the rocks near the landing plac c, and 
 the others retreated farthir up the hill. The pinnace 
 keeping along fliore, the Indians walked near in a line 
 with her; they were armed with long pikes, and a 
 weapon refeinbling a fcymitar, and, by various ligns 
 and words invited the boat's crew to land ; thofe who 
 did not follow the boar, having obferved the approach 
 of the fliip, brandiflicd their wea|xins, and threw them- 
 felvet into threatening attitudes. The bodies, thighs, 
 and legs of two of thefe, were painted with white 
 Itreaks, and their faces were almofl covered with a 
 white powder. They talked together with great emo- 
 tion, and each of them held one of the above mention- 
 ed weapons. The lliip having come to an anchor, wc 
 obferved a few huts, in which were fome of the lutives ; 
 and faw fome canoes, in each of which was a man em- 
 ployed in rtriking fifli with a kind of fpear. Wc had 
 anchored oppofite a village of about eight houfes, and 
 obferved an old woman and three children come out of 
 a wood, laden with fuel for a fire t they were met by 
 three fmaller children, all of whom, as well as the wo- 
 man, wtrc quite naked. The old woman frequently 
 looked at the fhip with the utmoll indifl'erence, and, as 
 foon as die had made a fire, the (ifliermen brought 
 their canoes on fliore, and they fet about drelTinc their 
 dinner with as much compofure, as if a fliip had been 
 no extraordinary fight. Having formed a dcfign of 
 landing, we manned the boats, and took Tupia with 
 us, and wc had no fooncr come near the fliore, than two 
 nun advanced, as if to difputc our fetting foot on land. 
 1 hey were each of them armed with diilerent kinds of 
 weapons. They called out aloud in a harfh tone, warra 
 warra wai ! the meaning of which Tupia did not under- 
 ftand. The captain threw them beads, nails, and other 
 triHes, which they took up, and feemed very well pleafed 
 with. He then made fignals that he wanted water, 
 and ufcd every pollible means to convince them that no 
 injury was intended. They made flgns to the boat's 
 crc.v to land, on which we put the boat in, but we had 
 no fooncr done fo, than the two Indians came again to 
 oppofe us. A mufquct was now fired between them, 
 on the report of which, one of them dropped a bundle 
 of lances, which he immediately fnatched up again in 
 great hailc. One of them then tl}.rew a flone at the 
 boat, on which the captain ordered a mufquet loaded 
 with fmall (hot to be fircJ, which wounding the eldelt 
 of them on the legs, he retired haftily to one of the 
 houfes, that flood at fome little dillancc. The pcc^Ic in 
 1 
 
 the boats now lamUd, imng^ning that the wmind wh.i k 
 this man had received wnuKI put an end t(» theiontclh 
 In ihii, however, we were miflikcn, (iir he immediately 
 returned with a kind of (lucid, ol an oval (igure, painted 
 white in the middle, wiih luo holes in it to fee tlimugh. 
 Thev now advanced with great intrepidiiy, and Uith 
 difcharged their laiice.i at the Ixiat's crew,' hut did not 
 wound any of them. Another iiuirqiitt was (jred at 
 them, on whith ihiy threw another lame, and then 
 HH)k to their l-als. We now went up to ilie hiii.i, in 
 one of which v.e loniul the children, who h.ul (Vcreted 
 themlches behind loiiie bark. We limked at ihem, 
 but left them without its being known we had fecn 
 them, and having tliiown feveral pieces of cloih, rih- 
 bamls, heads, and uilur tilings into ilic hut, we took 
 feveral of their lames, .iml then reimbaiked in the hiut. 
 The canoes on tliit cualt wire alnMit 1 { leet in lrni;ih, 
 tiich made of tie b 11 k ol a (ingle tree, iicil up at the 
 ends, and kept opi n in the niuldle by the means of 
 ftieks pl.ued anols them j their paddles were >ery 
 fmall, and two were ufed at a time. 
 
 We now failed to the north point of the bay, and 
 found plenty ol Irclli viater. On taking a view of the 
 hut where wc had fecn ihe cliildien, we had the morii- 
 lication to (iml that eviiy Indian was tied, and iliat 
 they had left all tlie prelent^. behind them. The cap- 
 tain now went in the piiin.ue to infpcft the bay, iwul 
 faw leveral of the iiati\cs, who all tlcil as he approached 
 them. .Some of the men having been fcnt to get \wm)cI 
 and water, they 110 fooner went on board to dinner, 
 than the natives came down to the plaie, and examined 
 the I alks with great aitention, but did not oiler to re- 
 move them. When the people were on (liore in tl'c 
 atteiniKin, about 10 of the natives, ail aimed, ad- 
 vanced within a trilling dillance of them, and then 
 flopped, while two of their number approached (till 
 nearer. Mr. Hicks, the commanding ollicer on fhore, 
 went towards them, with prefcnts in his hands, an(l 
 endeavoured, by every pollible means to affure them of 
 his friendly intentions, but to no purpofe, for tliey re- 
 tired before he came up to them. In the eveniiijf;, 
 Mclfrs. Banks and Snlander, went with the captain to 
 a cove north of the bay, where they caught betnecii 
 three and lour humlrcd weight of tiih, at tour hauls. 
 
 On Monday the ;{oth, the natives came down to the 
 huts before it was light, and were repeatedly heard to 
 (hout very loud, and foon after day- break they were 
 feen on the Leach, but quickly retired about a mile, 
 and kindled feveral lii-es in the woods. I'his day fome 
 of the fliip's crew being employed in cutting grafs at 
 a diflance from the mam body, while the natives pur- 
 fued them, but Hopping within fifty or lixty yarm of 
 them, they Ihouted leveral times, and retreated to the 
 wotxls. In the evening they behaved exadly in the 
 fame manner, when the captain followed them alone 
 and unarmed fur fome time, but they flill retired as he 
 approached. 
 
 On Tuefday, May the firft, the fouth point of the 
 bay was named Sutherland Point, one ot^ the feanien 
 of the name of Sutherland, having died that day, was 
 buried on fliore ; and more prefents were left in the 
 huts, fuch as looking-glaflcs, combs, &c. but the for- 
 mer ones had not been taken away. Making an ex- 
 curfion about the country, wc found it agreeably varie- 
 gated with wood and lawn, the trees being flrait and 
 tall, and without underwood. The country might be 
 cultivated without cutting down one of them. The 
 grafs grows in large tufts, almofl clofe to each other, 
 and there is a great plenty of it. In this excurlion, 
 we met with many places where the inhabitants hkd 
 flept without flielter, and one man, who ran away the 
 moment he beheld us. More prefents were left in 
 their huts, and at their fleeping-places, in hopes of 
 producing a friendly intercourfe. We faw the dung of 
 an animaT which fed on grafs, and traced the foot-lleps 
 of another, which had claws like a dog, and was about 
 the (ize of a wolf:' alfo the tnick of a fmall animal, 
 whofe foot was like that of a pole-cat : and faw one 
 animal alive, about the fize of a rabbit. We found 
 fome wood that had been felled, and the bark (Iript off 
 
COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for Inaking Di/twtrtet in the S$iit6 Sttt Ic Round the tytrU. 6 1 
 
 b* the ntlivMb Md ftven* growing tree*. In which 
 fteiM had been cut, for iN co«»«ii»ence of afcendmg 
 them. The woodaabound wliha vaft vaneiv of beautiful 
 birds, amoflf which were cockatooM. and parroqurti, 
 which flew in Urge flocki. The fecond lieuKnanJ. Mr. 
 Ore, having been with a boat in order to drudge for 
 rvften, fawTome Indlani, who made flgni for him I 
 to come on ftiore, which he declined : having ftnijhcd . 
 hit buflnefi, he fent the boat away, and went by land ; 
 with a midthipman, to join the party that w«i getting , 
 water. In their wajr they met with more than ao o» 
 the native*, who followed them fo clofc a« to tome 
 within a few yardiof thcim Mr. Gore ftopiKd «nd fuccd 
 them, on which the Indiana flopped alfo, and when he 
 proreedcd again, they followed hmi i but they did not 
 attack him iliough they had each man a lance. The 
 Indiana coming in fignt of the water-cafki, (»6od at 
 the diftance of a quarter of a mile, while Mr. Gore 
 and hii companion* reached their (hip-mate« in fafety. 
 Two or three of the watereri now advanced towards the 
 Indians, but obfcrving they did not retire, they very 
 imprudently turned about, and retreated haflilyt this 
 apparent flgn of cowardice infpircd the favagcs. who 
 diRhargedrour of their lances at ihc fugitives, which 
 flying beyond them, they cfcoped unhurt. They now 
 flopped to pick up the lances i on which the Indians 
 retired in their turn. At this inflant the captuin came 
 up with Meflrs. Banks and Solander. and Tupia ad- 
 vancing made figns of friendihipi but the poor na- 
 tives would not flay their coming up to them. On the 
 following day they went again on fliore, where n<any 
 plants were colledled by Dr. Solander. and Mr. Banks. 
 They faw fevcral parties of the Indians, who ail run 
 away on their approach. Tupia having learnt to (liuot, 
 frequently ftrayea alone to flioot parrots, and the Indi- 
 ans conflantly fled away from him with as much pre- 
 cipitatioii u from the Englifli. On the jd of May, 
 fourteeit or fifteen Indiana, in the fame number of ca- 
 noei, were engaged in flriking fi(h within half a mile of 
 the waterins-placci At' this time a party of the fliip's 
 crew were Inootins nca^ the fifliermen, one of tahom 
 Mr. Banks obferved to haul up his canoe on the beach, 
 and approach the people who were flwwting. He 
 watchecT their motions unobftrved by (hem, for more 
 thiin a quarter of an hour, then put oiT his boat and re- 
 turned to his fifliing. At this time the captain, with 
 Dr. Solander and another senileman, went to the head 
 of (he bur to try to form lome cooneflion with the In- 
 dians. On thoir firft landing they found fevcral of 
 the Indians on fliore, who immraiately retreated to 
 their canoes, and rowed olf. ThCy went up the coun- 
 try, where they found the foil to be a deep black mould, 
 wnich appeared to be calculated for the produAion of 
 any kind of grain. Th^ law fome of the 6neft mea- 
 dows that were ever behod, and met with a few rocky 
 places, the flone of which la landy, and feented to be 
 admirably adapted for bUikiins. In the woods they 
 found a tree bearing cherries, if fliape and colour may 
 intitle them to that name, the juice of which was a. 
 greeably tart. They now returned to their boat, and 
 leeing a Arc at a diftance, rowed towards it ; but the 
 Indians fled at their coming near them. Near the 
 beach they found feven canOa, and as many Arcs, 
 from which they judged that each finicrman had 
 dreflisd his own dinner. There were oyflers \f\tsa on 
 the foot, and fome mufcles roafling on the fire. They 
 ate of thefe fifli, and left them fome beads and other 
 trifles in return. They now returned to the fliip, and 
 in the evening Mr. Banks went out with his gun, and 
 faw a great number of quaib, fome of which he (hot, and 
 they proved to be the fame kind as thpfe of England. 
 On the following day a midfliipman having flrayed from 
 his companions, came fuddenly to an old man and wo- 
 man, and fome children) who were fitting naked under 
 a tree together : they fcemed afraid of him, but did not 
 run away. The man wore a long beard, and both he 
 and the woman were grey-headed t "but the woman's 
 hair was cut Ihort. This day likewife, two of another 
 party met with fix Indians on the border of a wood, 
 one of whom calling out very loud, a lance wa thrown 
 ' No, 7. 
 
 from a wood, which narrowly mifrcd them. The In* 
 dians now ran off, and, in looking round they faw a 
 youth dc(cend from a tree, who had duubtlefs been 
 placed there for the purpofe of throwing the lance at 
 thciii. This day the captain went up the country on 
 the north fide- oi the bay, u hich he found to refcinble 
 the moory giound* of Knulam'i but the land wai 
 thinly covered with plants alwut 16 inches high. The 
 hilla rife gradually behind each other, for a confidcrablo 
 dili.incc, and lietuccn thrm is marfliy ground. Thoft 
 wliu h.id been ftni out to fi(h this day. met with great 
 fucicfs, and tlic lo ond lieutenant flruck a fiili called 
 tiie .Stingray, wliuh weighed near two hundred and 
 (il'iv pounds, riti next inurnm<; a filli of the (ame 
 kiml was taken, which weighed three liuiidred and 
 fifty poutul.4. 1 he nHine ot Bot.iny Bay wa.i given to 
 this i)lace Irom ihe larj^e numl)er of plants collcdcd 
 by Meirn. Banks and S<)landrr. This country pro* 
 duces two kinds ot wnoj which may be deemed tim« 
 ber, one of whuh if i.ill and flrait like the pine, and 
 the other is hard, heavy, and dark coloured, like lig« 
 num vitiTi it yields a red gum. like dragon's bloodi 
 and bears fome rcf ml)lancc of the Englifli oak. There 
 are mangroves in ubunHmc , fevcral kinds of palm, and 
 a few iliiubs. Aiiioii^ other kinds of birda, crowt 
 were fuuiul here, cxaitily like thofe of England. There 
 is great plenty of water-fowls, among the flats of fand 
 anu mud t one of which is (hapcd Tike a pelican, ia 
 larger than A fwan, and has black and white feathert. 
 Thcfc banks of mud abound with cockles, mufcles, 
 oyflers, and other fliell-fiflt, which grently contribute 
 towards the fupport of the natives, who Ibmetiines drela 
 them on ftiore, and at other times in their canoet. 
 They likewife caught many other kinds of fifli with 
 hooks and line. 
 
 While the captain remained in the harbour, the En- 
 glifli colours were difplayed on fliore, daily, and the 
 name of the fliip, with the date of the year, was carved 
 on a tree near the place wherq we took in our 
 water. 
 
 On Sunday the 6th of May, at noon, we failed from 
 Botany Bay, and nt noon, were oif a harbour, which 
 was c4lled Port Jackfon, and in the evening, near a 
 bay, to which we gave the name of Broken Day. The 
 next day at noon, the northernmofl land in fight pro- 
 jeded (o as to juflify the calling it Cape Three Points. 
 On Wedncfday the 9th, we faw two exceeding boi'jti- 
 ful rainbows, the colours of which were flrong and 
 lively, and thole of the inner one fo bright, as to refledt 
 its fliadow on the water. They formed a complete ie- 
 micirclc, and the fpace between them was much 
 darker than the refl of the (ky. On Thurfday we 
 paflcd a rocky point, which was named Point Ste. 
 phcns. Next day faw fmoke in fcveral places on fliore, 
 and in the evening difcovered three remarkable high 
 hills near each other, which the captain named the 
 Three Brothers. They lie in latitude 31 deg. 40 min. 
 and may be feen thirteen or fourteen leagues from the 
 fliore. 
 
 Sunday, the 13th, we faw the fmoke of fires, oa 
 a point of laiid, which Was therefore called Cape 
 Smokey. As we proceeded from Botany Bay, north- 
 ttard, the land appeared high and well covered with 
 wood. In the aitemoon, we difcovcitd fome rocky 
 iflands between us and the land, the fouthermofl of 
 which is in latitude 30 deg. 10 min. and the norther* 
 moft in a^ dcfj. 58 min. On Tuefday morning, by 
 the afliftance of our glafles, we difcerned about a fcore 
 of Indians, each loaded with a bundle, which we ima- 
 gined to be paim leaves for covering their houfes. We 
 traced them for more than an hour, during which time 
 they took not the leaft notice of the fliip t at length 
 they left the beach, and were loft behind a hill, which 
 they gained by a gentle afccnt. At noon, in latitude 
 a8 deg. 37 min. 30 fee. fouth, and in 206 deg. 30 min. 
 weft longitude, the Captain difcovered a high point of 
 land, and named it Cape fivron. Wc continued to 
 rtecr along the ftiorc with a freft» gale, and in the even- 
 ing we difcovered breakers at a confiderable diftance 
 from the fliore, fo that we were obliged to tack, and 
 
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 4 
 
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 62 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYApES COMPLETE. 
 
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 1' 
 
 
 get into deeper water; which having done, we lay 
 with the head of the vcflcl to the land till the next 
 morning, when wc were furprized to Tind ourfelvcs far- 
 ther to the fouthward than wc had been the preccdinc 
 evening, notwithftanding we had a fouiberly wind all 
 night. The breakers lie in latitude 38 deg. 22 mtn. 
 fouth. In the morning we pafled the breakers, near a 
 priced nwuntain, which wc named Mount Warning, 
 fituatcd in 28 deg. 23 min. fouth latitude. The point 
 oflf which thefc flioals lie, Capt. Cook named Point 
 D mger. We purfued our courfe, and the next day 
 fav more breakers, near a point, which wc diftin- 
 guifhed by the name of Point Look-out ; to the north 
 of which the lliorc forms a wide open bay, which we 
 called Morcton's Bzy, und the north point thereof Cape 
 Moreton. Near this arc three hills, which we called 
 the Glafs Houfes, from the very ftrong refemblance 
 they bore to fuch buildings. 
 
 On Friday the 1 8th, at two in the morning, we de- 
 fcri<:d a point fo unequal, that it looks like two fmall 
 idands under the land, and it was therefore called 
 Double Ifland Point. At noon, by the help of glaiTes, 
 wc difcovered fomc fands, which lay in patches of fe- 
 veral acres. Wc obfcrved tliey were moveable, and 
 Xhat they had not been long in their prefent fnu.ition ; 
 for wc faw trees half buried, and the tops of others dill 
 green. At this time two beautiful watcr-fnakes fwam 
 by the fliip, in every rcfpeft rcfcmbling land fnakcs. 
 except that their tails wcfc flat and broad, probably to 
 ftrvc them inftcad of fins in fwimming. 
 
 Saturday, the 19th at noon, we (ailed about four 
 icigucs from the land, and at one o'clock faw a point, 
 whereon a number of Indians were aflcmbled, from 
 whence it \v»s called Indian Head. Soon afterwards 
 we faw many more of the natives ; alfo fmoke in the 
 day time, and fires by night. The next day wc faw a 
 point, which was named Sandy Point, from two large 
 tracls of white fand that were on it. Soon after wc 
 pafled a flioal, which we called Break Sea Spit, be- 
 caufe we had now fmooth water, after having long en- 
 countered a high fea. For fomc days pad we had feen 
 the fca birds, called boobies, none of which wc had 
 met with before j and which, from half an hour after, 
 were continually pafling the Ihip in large flights : from 
 which it was conjcdlured, that there was an inlet or 
 river of f.iallow water to the fouthward, where they 
 went to feed in the day time, returning in the evening 
 to foiiie illands to the northward. In honour of Capt. 
 llcrvey we named this bay, Hcrvcy's Bay. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 22nd, at fix in the morning, by 
 the help of our glafil-s, when a-bre.nft of the fouth point 
 of a large bay, in which the Captain intended to an- 
 chor, wc difcovered, that the land was covered with 
 palm-nut-trees, none of which we had feen fincc we 
 had quitted the iflands within the tropic. On the 
 23d, early in the morning, Ciipt. Cook attended by 
 fcveral gentlemen, and Tupia, went on Ihore to exa- 
 mine the country. The wind blew fo frcfti, and wc 
 found it fo cold, that being at fomc diftancc from the 
 fliorc, we took w ith us our cloaks. Wc landed a little 
 within the point of a bay, which led into a large la- 
 goon, by the fidts of which grows the true mangrove, 
 fuch as is foui^d in the Weft-Indies, as it does alfo on 
 fome bogs, and fwamps of fait water which wc difco- 
 vercd. In thefe mangroves were many nefts of ants of 
 a lingular kind, being as green as grafs. When the 
 branclies were moved, they came forth in great num- 
 bers, and bit the diftxirber moll fcvcrely. Thefe trees 
 likewife afforded fticltcr for immenfc numbers of green 
 caterpillars, whofe bodies were covered with hairs, 
 which, on the touch, occafioned a pain fimilar to the 
 fling of a nettle, but much more acute. Thefc infedU 
 were ranged fide by lide on Jffee leaves, thirty or forty 
 together, in a regular manner. Among the fand banks 
 we faw birds larger than fwans, which wc imagined 
 were pelicans; and (hot a kind of buftard» which 
 weighed feventeen pounds. This bird proved very de- 
 licate food, on which account wc named this bay Buf- 
 tard Bay. Wc likewife ftiot a duck of a mdft beautiful 
 plumage, with a white beak. Wc found ap^bUndantc 
 
 of oyfters, of various forts, fnd among the reft fomc ham- 
 mer oyfters of a curious kind. The country here is 
 much worfe than that' about Botany Qay, tlic foil being 
 dry itid fandy, bitt the fides of the hills arc covered with 
 ttccs, which grow feparatcly without underwood. Wc 
 (aw the tree that yields a ffutti like iht/atiguis draconit, 
 but the leaves are longer than the fame kind of trees in 
 other parts, and hang down tike thofe of a weeping 
 willow. While we were in the woods, fcveral of the 
 natives took a fufvey of the (hip and than departed. 
 We faw On ihore fires in many places, and repairing to 
 one of them, fourtd a dozen burning near them. The 
 people were gone, but had left fome (halls and bones of 
 fifti they had Juft eaten. Wc perceived likewife fcve- 
 ral pieces of (oft bark about the length and breadth of a 
 man, which wc judged had been ufcd as beds. The 
 whole,was in a thicket of clofe trees, which aflbrded 
 good fliclter from the wind. This kind of encamp- 
 ment was in a thicket well defended from the wind. 
 The place feemed to be much trodden, and as there 
 was no appearance of a houfe, it was imagined thai 
 they fpent their nights, as well as their days in the open 
 air : even Tupia (hook his head, and exclaimed. Taata 
 Enos ! " Poor Wretches 1" 
 
 On Thurfday, the 24th, wc made fail out of the bay, 
 and on the day following were a-breaft of a point, 
 which being immediately under the tropic, the capuin 
 named Cape Capricorn, on the weft ude whereof we 
 faw an amazing number of large birds refembling the 
 pelican, fome of which were near five feet high. We 
 now anchored in twelve fathom water, having the main 
 land and barren iflands in a manner all round us. 
 
 Sunday, the 27th, wc flood betwecen the range of 
 almoft barren iflands, and the main land, which ap- 
 peared mountainous. We had here very fliallow water, 
 and anchored in fixteen feet, which was not more than 
 the ftiip drew. Mr. Banks tried to fi(h from the cabin 
 windows, but the water was too (hallow. The ground 
 indeed was covered with crabs, which greedily ("eizcd 
 the bait, and held it till they were above water. Thefe 
 crabs were of two kinds, one of a very fine blue, with a 
 white belly ; and the other marked with blue on the 
 joints, and having three brown fpots on the back. 
 
 On Monday, the 28th, in the morning, we failed to 
 the northward, and to the northermoft point of land we 
 gave the name of Cape Manifold, from the number of 
 high hills appearing above it. Between this cape and 
 the (hore is a bay which wc called Keppel's, and tO 
 fcveral iflands, we gave the name of the lame stdmlraL 
 This day being determined to keep the main land clo(e 
 aboard, which continued to trend away to the weft, we 
 got among another clufter of iflands. Here we were 
 greatly alarmed, having on a fudden but three fathom 
 water, in a ripling tide ; we immediately put the (hip 
 about, and hoifted out the boat in fearcR of deeper 
 water; after which we (Ibod to the weft with an eafy 
 fail, and in the evening came to the entrance of a bay. 
 In the afternoon having founded round the (hip, and 
 found that there was water fufficient to carry her over 
 the (hoal, wc weighed, and ftood to the weftward, hav- 
 ing fent a boat a-head to found, and at fix in the even- 
 ing wc anchored in ten fathom, with a fandy bottom, at 
 about two miles diftant from the main. 
 
 Oil Tuefday the 29th, wc had thoughts of laying 
 the (hip a(hore, and cleaning her bottom, and thcrefoi« 
 landed with the mafter in fearch of a convenient place 
 for that puppofc. In this excurfion Dr. Solander and 
 Mr. Banks accompanied us ; we found walking ex- 
 tremely incommodious, the ground beinc JcoVcred 
 with grafs, the feeds of which were (harp ana bearded, 
 fo that they were continually fticKing m our cloaths, 
 whence they worked forwards to the1le(h t^ mean* of 
 the beard. We were alfo perpetually tormented with 
 the ftii^s of nmlqueto*. Several places were found 
 convenient to lay down the (hip alhore, but to ouf 
 great difappointmcnt, we could meet with iy> frc(h 
 water, wc prooeeded, however, up the country.' and 
 in the interior paru, we found gum-tree*, on the 
 branche* whereof were white ants nefts formed of clay, 
 as big a) a buflwl. On another U(c we faw black ants^ 
 
 i»hich 
 
 rj ■' 
 
.tu. 
 
 COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Djfcoveries in the South Seat & Round the ^or/</. 63 
 
 fomc ham- 
 tiy here is 
 ;'(oil being 
 pvcrcdwitn 
 ood. Wc 
 »V draconif, 
 of trees in 
 a weeping 
 eral o* the 
 I departed, 
 cpiring to 
 ^em. The 
 id bones of 
 ;ewife fcve- 
 >readth of a 
 jcds. The 
 ch afforded 
 )f cncamp- 
 I the wind, 
 nd as there 
 agined that 
 in the open 
 med, Taata 
 
 toftheba)r, 
 of a point, 
 the capuin 
 whereof we 
 en>bling the 
 high. We 
 ng the main 
 nd us. 
 
 he range of 
 , which ap- 
 allow water, 
 K more than 
 im the cabin 
 The ground 
 eedily feizcd 
 atcr. Thcfc 
 blue, with a 
 blue on the 
 e back, 
 we failed to 
 it of land we 
 |e number of 
 is cape and 
 \'i, and to 
 e admiral. 
 In land clofe 
 he weft, we 
 re we were 
 ree fathonv 
 lut the (hip 
 of deeper 
 hh an eafy 
 jceof a bay. 
 (hip, and 
 ly her over 
 ard, hav« 
 ,n the even* 
 bottoiD,at 
 
 Is of laying 
 \A therefore 
 Intent place 
 llander and 
 [alking ex- 
 icovered 
 i bearded, 
 |ur cloaths, 
 means of 
 Icnted with 
 trcre found 
 but to ouip 
 tV> frelh 
 iintry,' and 
 on the 
 I of clay, 
 |btack anti, 
 ivblch 
 
 which perforateu all the twigs, and after they had 
 eaten out the pith, formed their lodging m the hol- 
 lows which conuined it , vet the trees were m a Hou- 
 Tifting condition. Wc alfo faw in the air many thou- 
 Cmds of butterflies, which ever way we looked ; and 
 every bough was covered with incredible numbers. 
 On the dry ground we difcovered. fuppofed to have 
 been left by the tide, a fi(h about the (vk of a mm- 
 now, having two ftrong breaft fins, with which it leaped 
 (kway as nimbly as a frog: it did not appear to be 
 weakened by being out of the water, nor even to pre- 
 fer that element to the land, for when feen in the water 
 it leaped on (horc, and purfued its way. It was like- 
 wife remarked, that where there were fmall ftones jpro- 
 jeifling ^bove the water, it chofe rather to leap from 
 one ftonc to another, than to pafs through the water. 
 
 On Wedncfday the jotli Capt. Code, and other gen- 
 tlemen/ went afliore, and having gained the fummit of 
 a hill, took a furvcy of the coaft, and the adjacent 
 idands, which being done, the Captain proceeded with 
 Dr. Solander up an inlet, that had been difcovered 
 the pteceding day ; but the weather proving unfa- 
 vourable, and from a fear of being bewildered among 
 the (hoals in the night, they returned to the fliip, hav- 
 ing feen the whole day, only two Indians, who fcUowcd 
 the boat a confiderablc way along (bore ; but the tide 
 running ftrong, the Captain thought it not prudent to 
 wait for them. While thefe gentlemen were tracing 
 the inlet, Mr. Banks, with a party, endeavoured to 
 penetrate into the country, and having mer with a 
 piece of (wampy ground, we refolvcd to pafs it j but 
 oefore wc got half way, wc found the mud almoft knee 
 deep. The bottom was qovcrcd with branches of trees, 
 interwoven on the furface of the fwamp, on which we 
 fometimcs kept our fooling t fometimes our feet flipt 
 thipugh ; and fometimes we were fo entangled among 
 them, as not to be able to free ourfclvcs but by groping 
 in the mud and flime with our hands. However, we 
 crofted it in about an hour, and judged it might be 
 about a quarter of a mile over. Having performed 
 this difagreeable talk, we came to a fpot where had 
 been four fmall fires, near which were fome bones of 
 fifti that had been roafted; alfo grafs laid in heaps, 
 whereon four or five perfons probably had flept. Our 
 fecond lieutenant, Mr. Gore, at another place, faw the 
 track of a large animal, near a gully of water ; he 
 alfo heard the founds of human voices, but did not fee 
 the people. At this place two tunles, fome water fowl, 
 and a few fmall birds, were feen. As no water was to 
 be found in our diiferent excurfions, for feveral of our 
 trew were alfo rambling about, the Captain called the 
 inlet where the ftiip lay, Thirfty Sound. It lies in la- 
 titude 22 deg. 10 min. fouth, and jn 2iodeg. 18 min. 
 weft longitude, and may be known by a group of iflands 
 that lie right before it, between three and four leagues 
 out at fea. We had not a (ingle inducement to ftay 
 iohgcr in a place, where we could not be fupplied with 
 frelh water, nor with providon of any kind. We caught 
 neither fi(h oor wild fowl ; nor could we get a (hot at 
 the fame kind of water-fcwl, which we had feen in Bo- 
 tany Bay. Therefore on the 3 1 ft at (ix o'clock, A.M. 
 we weighed anchor, and put to fea. We kept without 
 the iftands that lie in (horc, and to the N. W. of Thirfty 
 Sound, as there appeared to be no fafe paffage between 
 . them and the main, at the fame time we had a number 
 of iftands without us, extending as far as we could fee. 
 
 Pier head, the N. W. point of Thirfty Sound, bore 
 S. E. diftant (ix leagues, being half way between the 
 
 iflands which are ofi* the eaft point of the weftem in- 
 let, and three fmall iflands that lie diroflly without 
 them, Having (ailed round thefe laft, we came to an 
 anchor in fifteen .".i^hom water, and the weather being 
 
 dark, hazy, and rainy, wc remained, under the lee of 
 
 ljic.m till feven o'clock of the next morning. 
 
 On the (ft of June, we got under fail, and our lati- 
 tude by Obfervation was 21 deg. 29 min. fcuth. W^ 
 
 had now quite open the weftern inlet, which wc have 
 
 . diftinguiftied by the name of Broad Sound. A point of 
 
 land which forms its N. W. entrance, we named Cape 
 
 I>)inetfton, lying in at deg. 30 min. S. latitude and 
 
 in 210 deg. 54 min. W. longitude. Between this cape 
 and Cape Townfhend is the bay, which we have called 
 the Bay of Inlets. At eight in the evening, we an- 
 chored in eleven filthom, with a fandy bottom, about 
 two leagues from the main landi 
 
 Saturday the 2nd, we got under fail, and at noon, 
 in latitude 20 drg. 56 min. we faw a high promontory* 
 which we named Cape Hilllborough. It bore W. half 
 N. diftant feven miles. The land appeared to abound 
 in wood and hertiage, and is diverfified with hills, 
 plains, and valleys. A chain of iflands large and fmall 
 arc fituated at a diftance from the coaft and under the 
 land, from fome of which we faw fmokc afccnding ill 
 different places. 
 
 On Sunday, the 3d, we difcovered a point of land, 
 which we called Cape Conway, and between that and 
 Cape Hilllborough, a bay to which we gave the name of 
 Repulfe Bay. The land about Cape Conway forms A. 
 moft beautiful landfcape, being diverfified with hills, 
 dales, woods, and verdant lawns. By the help of out 
 glaffes we difcovered two men and a woman on one of 
 the iflands. and a canoe with an outrigger like thofe of 
 Otaheite. This day we named the iflands Cumberland 
 Iflands, in honour of the dukcj and a paflage which 
 we had difcovered, was called Whitfunday palTage, from 
 the day on which it was feen. At day^^break, on Mon* 
 day the 4th, we were abreaft of a point. Which we 
 called Cape Gloucefter. Names were alfo given this 
 day to three other places, namely, Holbome Ifle, Edg- 
 cumbe Bay, and Cape Upftart, which laft was fo called 
 becaufe it rifes abruptly (rom the low lands that fur* 
 round it. Inland are fome hills or mountains, which 
 like the cape afford but a barren profpeft. 
 
 On Tuefday the 5th, we were about four leagues 
 from land, and our latitude by obfervation was 19 deg. 
 1 2 min. S. We faw very lan?e columns of fmoke ri- 
 fing from the low lands. We continued to ftecr 
 W.N. W. as the land lay, till noon on the 6th, when our 
 latitude by obfervation was 1 9 deg. 1 min. S. at which 
 time we had the mouth of a bay all open, diftant two 
 leagues. I'his we named Cleveland Bay, and the eaftr 
 point Cape Cleveland. The weft, which had the ap- 
 pearance of an ifland, we called Magnetical ifland, be 
 caufe the compafs did not traverfe well when we were 
 near it : they are both high, as is the main land be 
 tween them, the whole forming a furface the moft 
 rugged, rocky, and barren of any we had feen upon 
 the coaft : yet it was not without inhabitants, for we 
 faw fmoke in feveral parts of the bottom of the bay. 
 
 Thurfday the 7th, at day-break wc were a-breaft of 
 the eaftern part of this land, and in the afternoon faw 
 feveral large columns of fmoke upon the main ; alfo 
 canoes, and fome trees, which we thought were thofe 
 of the cocoa-nut : in fearch of which, as they would 
 have been at this time very acceptable. Mr. Banks and 
 Dr. Solander wentafhore with lieutenant Hicks ; but iii 
 the evening they returned with only a few plants, ga- 
 thered from the cabbage palm, and which had been 
 miftaken for the cocoa tree. 
 
 On Friday, the 8th, we ftood away for the norther- 
 moft point in fight, to which we gave the nameof Point 
 Hillock. Between this and Magnetical ifle the (hore 
 forms Halifax Day, which affords flielter from all 
 winds. At fix in the evening we were a-breaft of a 
 point of land, which we named Cape Sandwich. From 
 hence the land trends W. and afterwards N, forming a 
 fine large bay, which was named Rockingham Bay. 
 We now ranged northward alon^ the flwre, towards a 
 dufter of iflands, on one of which about forty or fifty 
 men. women, and children were ftanding together, all . 
 ftark naked, and looking at the (hip with a curiofity 
 never obfcrved among thefe people before. At noon 
 our latitude, by obfervation. was 17 deg. 59 min. and 
 we were a-breaft of the north point of Rockingham 
 Bay, which bore from us W. diftant about two miles. 
 This boundary of the bay is formed by an ifland of con< 
 fiderable height, wnich we diftinguilhed by the name 
 of L^:.k Ifle. 
 
 On Saturday, the 9th, in the morning, we were 
 a-brcaft of fome fmall iflands, which were named 
 
 Frank- 
 
 
64 
 
 Cipt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 t I 
 
 n 
 
 FrankUnd'i Iflei. At noon we were in the middle of 
 the chuinel, and by obfcrvation in latitude i6 dcg. 57 
 min. S. Mid in longitude 314 deg. 6 min. W. with 
 twenty fathom water. The point on the main of which 
 we were now abrcaft Capt. Cook named Cape Grafton. 
 Having hauled round this, we fitund a bay three miles 
 to the weftward, in which we anchored t and called the 
 ifland Green Mand. Here Mr. Banks and Ur. Solan- 
 der went aftiore with the captain, with a view of pro- 
 curing water, which not being to be had ealily, they 
 foon returned aboard, and the next day we arrived near 
 Trinity Bay, fo called becaufc difcovercd on Trinity 
 Sunday. 
 
 Suniday the loth was remarkable for the dangerous 
 fituation of the Endeavour, as was Tuefday the 1 2th 1 
 for her prefervation and deliverance, as chriftians, or 
 only moral jphilotbphers, we oucht to add, agreeable 
 to the will of an overruling providence, who ihut up the 
 fea with doors, who appointed for it a decreed place, 
 and iaid. Thus fiir thou ihall come, and here (hail thy 
 proud waves be flayed. As no accident remarkably 
 unfortunate had faiefiillen us, during a navigation 
 of more than thirteen hundred miles, upon a coaft 
 every where abouadiiK with the mod dangerous rocks 
 and flwals, no name ofdiftrefs had hitherto been given 
 to any cape or point of land which we had fccn. 
 But we now gave the name of Cape Tribulation, to a 
 point we had juft feen brtheft to the northward, be> 
 caufe here we became acquainted with misfortune. The 
 cape lies in latitude 16 dcg. 6 nun. S. and 314 deg. 39 
 nun. W. longitude. 
 
 This day, Sunday the loth, at fix in the evening we 
 flwrtened (ail, and hauled oif flwie clofe upon a wmd, 
 to avoid tlie danger of fome rocks, which were ieen 
 a-hesd. and to oMeivc whether any idands lay in the 
 offing, at we weic near the Utitudeof thofe ifland^ faid 
 to have been difcovercd by Qiiiros. We kept (landing 
 off fimm fix o'clock till near nine, with a fine breeze and 
 Iwight moon. We had wot into twenty-one fathom 
 water, when fuddenly we lell into twelve, ten and eight 
 fiithom, in a few minutes. Every man was indantly 
 ordered to bis (lation. and we were on the point of 
 anchoriqg, when, on a fudden, we had again deep water, 
 lb that we thought all daiwer at an end, concluding we 
 had failed over the tail of fame (hoals, which we bad 
 lisen in the evening. We had twenty fiuhoms and up. 
 ivar«b before tea o'clock, and this depth continuing 
 (bme time, the gsntlemm, who had hitherto been upon 
 du^, retired to left i but in left than an hourihe water 
 ihaUowed at once from twenty to feventeen fathoms, and 
 before foundings could he taken the (hip (Inick upon a 
 rock, and remained Immoveable. Every one was in- 
 dantly on deck, with countenances fully expreflive of 
 the horrors of our fituatian. Knowing we were not 
 near the fhorc, we concluded chat we were upon a rock 
 of coraL the poinu of which are fharp, and the fur&cc 
 fb rough, as to grind awajr whatever it nibbed againd, 
 even with the gnwled motion. All the fails being im- 
 mediately taken in, and our boau boided out, we round, 
 that the (hip bad been lUttd over a ledge of the rock, 
 aivl lav in a hollow widiin it. Finding the water was 
 deepefl a^lem, we carried out the anchor from the 
 darboard quarter, and applied our whole force to the 
 capdan, in hopes to get the vefTel off, but in vain. She 
 now beat fo violently agaiaft the rock, that the crew 
 could fcarcely keep on their legs. The moon (hone 
 bright, bv the liriit of which we could fee the fheath- 
 ingrbowas float mm the bottom of the vefTel, till at 
 length the CMfc keel followed, fo that we expeded in- 
 dant dcftrudHon. Our bed chance of efcaping feemcd 
 now to be by IWnening het t but having druck at high 
 water, we fhom lave been in our prefent fituation after 
 the vefTel fhould dtaW as much Ids water as the water 
 had funk 1 our anxiety abated a liale, on finding that 
 
 £' e fliip fettled on the focks u the tide ebbed, and we 
 ttem ourfelves, thWt if the (hip fhould keep to> 
 Cher till next tide, wemi^t have fonne, chance of 
 iting her. We therefore indantly fbuted the water 
 in the hold, and Puowed it up. The decayed doses, 
 ^.jart, calks, bdltaft, px guns, and other tm^ m*n 
 
 thrown overboard, in ordertoget at the heavier articles' 
 and in this bufinefs we were employed till day-brtak* 
 during ^1 which time not an oath was fwom, fo much 
 were the minds of the failora impreflbd with a fetife of 
 their danger. 
 
 On Monday the 1 ith, at day-light we faw land at 
 eight leaKUCs didance. but not a fmele ifland between 
 us and the main, on which part of the crew mjght 
 have been landed, while the boat went on Aorewiili 
 the red : fo that the dedrtiAion of the greater part oT 
 us would have been inevitable .had the fhip gone to 
 pieces. It happened that the wind died away to a dead 
 calm before noon. As we expe^ed high-water about 
 eleven o'clock, every thing was prepared to make Mo. 
 thcr effort to free the ftiip, but the tide fiill fomuch 
 fliort of that in the night, that fhe did not Boat by 
 §8 inthcs, though we had thrown over-board near fifty 
 tons weight : we therefore renewed our roil, am) threw 
 over-board every thing that could pofHUy be fparedi 
 as the tide fell, the water poured in fo rapidly, that wc 
 could fcarcc keep her free by the condant working of 
 two pumps. Our only hope now depended on the mid* 
 night tide, and preparatknis were accofdlngiv made for 
 another cdbrt to get the fliip off. The tide bcnn to 
 rife at five o'clock, when the leak likewife InciotKbd 
 to fuch a degree, that two pumps more were nmnned. 
 but only one of riiem would work 1 three, therefore, wcif 
 kept goiiig. till nine oVIodt, at which time the (hip 
 righted 1 but fo much water had been admitted by the 
 leak, that we expcdled die would (ink u fboa as the wa-: 
 ter fliould bear her off die rodk. Our fituatian was now 
 deplorable, beyond dcfcription,almoft all hope being at 
 an end. We knew that when the fiital moment (hould 
 arrive, all authority would be at an end. The boau 
 were incapable of conveyiiw all on fhore. and we 
 dn-aded a conted for the preference^ u more diocking 
 than the diipwreck itfelf: yet it wu conGdered, that 
 thofe who might be left on board, would eventually 
 meet with a milder fate than thofe who, by gaining the 
 fliore, would have no chance but to linger out the rc^ 
 mains of life among the luded fiivages in the univcrfc, 
 and in a country, where fire-anns would barely enable 
 them to fuppoit thenifclvcs in a mod wretched fitua- 
 tion. At twenty minutes after ten the fliip floated, and 
 was heaved into deep water, when we were happy to 
 find that fhe did not admit more water than (be had 
 done before : yet as the leak had for a confiderable time 
 gained on the pumps, there was now three feet nine 
 inches water in the hold. By this time the men were 
 fo worn by fatigue of mind and body, that none of them 
 could pump more than five or fix minutes at a time, 
 and then threw themfelves, quite fpent. on the deck, 
 amidd a dream of water which came from the pumps. 
 The fucceeding man being fiitigued in his turn, threw 
 himfelf down in the fame manner, while the former 
 jumped up and renewed his labour, thus mutually 
 druggling for life, till the following accident had like 
 to have given thetn up a prey to abfblute defpair, and 
 thereby infured our dedru^n. Between' the infide 
 lining of the fhip's bottom, which is called the cieling, 
 and the outfide planking, there is a fpace of about 
 (feventeen or eighteen inches. The man who had 
 hitherto taken the depth of water at the well, had taken 
 it no farther than the cidtng, but being now relieved 
 by another pcrfon, who took the depth of the outfide 
 
 Slank, it appeared by this midake, that the leak had 
 iddenly eained upon the pumps, the whole difference 
 between the two planks. This circumftance depriv^ 
 ui of all hopes, and fcarce any one thought it worth 
 while to bbour for the longer prefirvation of a lifo 
 which mud fe fbon have a period : but the midake 
 was foon difeovcred 1 and the joy arifing from fuch un> 
 expc(5lcd good news infpired the men with fo much 
 vigour, that before eight o'clock in the morning, they 
 I had pumped out confiderably more water than they hod 
 ; (hipped. We now talked of nothing but gjttting the 
 fliip into fome harbour, and fet heartily to work to get 
 in the anchors ; one of which, and the cable of another, . 
 . we kid I but thefe were now confUered as trifles. ii|av« 
 Mng a gaiod breece (jtom fea, we got under fail at ei^cn 
 
 o'clock, 
 
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COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making J^ctwrui in tl>e iSouiA Sess & Round the fi^orrJ. 6$ 
 
 olclockT and ftccrcd for land. A» we could not difco. 
 ikt iHe exaft fituation of the leak, we had no profpcdt 
 6f ftotoplng it within fide of the veflcl, but on Tucfday 
 Ac nth, the following expedient, which one of the 
 faldfli^bbtn had formerly leen tried with fuccefi, Waa 
 lidoptcid. We took an old ftuddirtg^fail. and havingj 
 mixed a large qManiltv of oakham and wool, chopped 
 fnull, it WM (licchcd down in handfuli on the fail, at 
 lightly at poflible. the dung of Iheep and other filth 
 heing QNCtd over it. Thus prepared, the fail was 
 HauM under the (hip, by ropei, which kept it extended 
 tfli it came under the leak, when the fu<flton carried in 
 the oakham and wool from the furface of the fail. Thii 
 txperiment fucceeded fo well, that inftead of three 
 pumpi, the water wa« eafily kept under with one. 
 
 We had hitherto no farther view than to run the (hip 
 into fome harbour, and build a veffel from her mate- 
 rials, in which we might reach the Eaft-Indicsj but 
 yit now bMan to think of finding a proper place to 
 repair her damage, and then to purfue her voyaec an 
 its original plan. At fix in the evening we anchored 
 fcven leagues from the (hore ; and foiind that the fliip 
 made i s mches water an hour during the night : but as 
 the pumps could clear this quantity, we were not uncafy. 
 At nine in the morning we paflTcd two iflands, which 
 were called Hope Illands, becaufc the reaching of them 
 had been the objcft of our wifhcs, at the time of the 
 iliipwreck. In the afternoon, the mafter was fent out 
 with two boats to found and fcarch for a harbour where 
 jthe fliip might be repaired, and wc anchored at fun-fct. 
 
 In Tour fathpms water, two miles from the (hore. One 
 of the mates being fent out in the pinnace, returned at 
 nine o'clock« reporting, that he had found fuch a har* 
 hour is wu wanted, at the diftance of two leagues. 
 
 Wednefday, the 13th, at fix o'clock, we failed, having 
 ^vioufly fent two boats a^head, to point out the flioals 
 that w« law in our waf . We foon anchored about a 
 mile from the (horet when the Captain went out. and 
 found the channel very narrow, but the harbour was 
 better adapted to our prefent purpofe, than any place 
 we had fecn in the whole courie of the voyage. As it 
 blew very frefli this day and the following night, we 
 could not venture to run into the harbour, out re* 
 mained at anchor during the two fucceeding days, in 
 the courfe of which we obferved four Indians on the 
 hills, who (lopped and made two fires. 
 
 Our men, oy this time, began to be afHidlcd with the 
 fcurvey ; and our Indian friend Tupia was fo ill with it, 
 that he had livid fpots on both his legs. Mr. Green, 
 the aftronomer, was likewife ill of the fame diforder t 
 fo that our being detained from landing was every way 
 difagreeable. The wind continued fre(h till the 17th, 
 and then wc refolved to pu(h in for the (^arbour, and 
 twice ran the (hip a-ground t the fecond time (he (luck 
 faft, on which we took down the bombs, fore-yard, and 
 forc-top.ma(ls, and made a raft on the (idc of the (hip; 
 and, as the tide happened to be rifine, (he floated at one 
 o'clock. We foon got her into the narbour, where (he 
 was moored along the fide of a beach, and the anchors, 
 cables, &c. immediately taken out of her. 
 
 C H A P. IX. 
 
 The ^fbip is ttfillcd in Endeavour River— 'TraH/affioHS during that lime— the eouHlry, i/s iiAahitanIs and produffiont 
 defcriied—A dr/rriplioH eftbe harbour, the adjacent country, andjevnal iflands near the coafi — The range from Endeavour 
 
 ■ River to the northern extremity of the eoimlrt—Aud the dangers of that navigation— The Endeavour departs from South 
 
 ■ Wales— That country, its produH and people defcribed, with a fpecimen of the language. 
 
 ON Monday, the i8th, in the morning, wc cre«Sled 
 a tent for the fick, who were brought on (hore 
 as foon as it was residy for their reception. Wc like- 
 wife built a fiagc from the fliip to the (hore, and fct up 
 a tent to hold the provifions and (lores, that were 
 landed the fame day. The boat was now difpatched 
 in fcMth of fi(h fbr the.refre(hmentof the fick, but (he 
 returned without getting any; but Tupia employed 
 himfcif in angling, and living entirely upon wliat he 
 caught, recovered his health very fall. In an excur- 
 .fion Mr. Banks made up the country, he faw the frames 
 cf fcvcral huts, aitd Captain Cook having afccndcd one 
 of the highed hilli, oblerved the land to be (loney and 
 (barren, and the low land, near the river, over-run with 
 mangroves, among which the fait-waier flowed every 
 ■tide. 
 
 Tuefday, the 19th, the fmith's fbi^ was fct up, and 
 the annourer prepared the Recefl*ary iron-work for the 
 repair of the veflfel. The officers (lores, ballad, water, 
 Ac. were likewife ordered, out, in order to lighten the 
 ■ftap. This day Mr. Biinka crolTed the river, to view 
 the country, which he obferved to be little elfe than 
 fand-hills. He faw va(l flocks of pigeons, mod 
 beautiful birds, of which he (hot feveral. On Wed- 
 -nefday, this 10th, as we were removing the coals, the 
 water ru(hcd in, near the forenud, about three feet 
 from the keel ; To that it was refolved to clear the hold 
 cntiirlyt which being done on Friday, the 32nd, we 
 warped the (hip higher up the harbour, to a ftation 
 more proper for laying her a .(hore, in order to ft(» 
 the leak. Eariy in the morning, the tide having leK 
 Imt, we praceeded to examine the leak, when it ap- 
 peared tluit the Focka had cut through four planks into 
 the timbers, and thit three other planks wer^damaged. 
 In. thefc breaches not afplinter was to be feen, the 
 'whole being finooth, as if cut aWay by an iAftrument : 
 but it was «he will of an omnipotent being, that the 
 veflcl (honld be preferved by, a v?ry Angular circum- 
 ftancev'^r tbonglvone. o£ tt|B hAlet was large enough 
 
 to have funk her, even with eight pumps condantly at 
 work, yet this inlet to our dedrudlion was partly dop- 
 ped up, by a fragment of the rock being left dicking 
 therein. We likewife found fome pieces of the eak>^ 
 ham, wool, &c. nhich had got between the timbers, 
 and dopped thofe parts of the leak that the done had 
 left open. Exclufive of the leak, great damage was 
 done to various parts of the (hip's bottom. While the 
 fmiths were employed in making nails and bolts, the 
 carpenters began to work on the velTel; and fome of the 
 people were lent on the other fide of the river to (hoot 
 pigeons for the fick. They found a dream of frefli 
 water, feveral inhabitants of the Indians, and faw a 
 moufe-coloured animal, exceeding fwift, and about the 
 fizeof a greyhound. 
 
 On Saturday, the 33d, a boat was difpatched to haul 
 the feine, and returned at noon with only three fifli, and 
 yet we faw them in plenty leaping about the harbour. 
 This day many of the crew fiiw the animal above-men> 
 tioiied ; and. one of the Teamen declared he had feen 
 the devil, which John thus defcrfbed, " He was," fays 
 he, " as laige as a one gallon keg, and very like it : he 
 had horns and wings, yet he crept fb flowljr through 
 the grafs, that, if I had not been afeard, I mig^t have 
 toucned him." This formidable apparition we after- 
 wards difcovered to have been a batt, which we mud 
 acknowledge has a frightful appearance, it being black, 
 and fiill as large as a partttdge; biit the man's own ap* 
 prehenfions hiul furniflied his devil with horns. 
 
 Sunday, Mr. Gore, and a party of men fent out with 
 him, procured a bunch or two of wild planuins, and a 
 few palm cabbages, for the refrelhment of the fick: and 
 this day the Captaiti.and Mr. Banks faw the animal 
 already mentioned. It had a long tall that ir carried 
 like a greyhound, leaped like a deer, and the point of 
 its foot refemblcd that of a ^t. "The lepAirs bf die 
 (hip on the darboard-Iide having been finilhol the pre. 
 ceding day, the carpenters now began to «ork'und^ 
 her larboard bowi and being exMiuoedabdft, ii; appcar- 
 
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 cd (he had receive!^ very little injury in that quarter. 
 Mr. Banki having removed hit, whole colleuion of 
 piantt into the bread room, .they were this day under 
 water, by which Toine of th^nn were totally deltroyed ; 
 however by great care ino(i.Bf them wer? redorcd to. 
 a ftate of prefervation. A plant wai foqnd this day,, 
 the 35th, the leaves of which were almod as good as 
 Qiinnage > alio a fruit of a deep purple colour, and the 
 nze of a golden pippin, which after having been kept 
 a few days taAed like a damfon. On lucfday, the 
 36th, the carpenter was engaged in caulking the Ihip, 
 and the men in other necc^tiiiry buiinefs 1 and on the 
 37th the armourer continued to work at the forge, and 
 the carpenter on the (hip ; while the Captain made fe- 
 veral hauls with the large net, but caught only between 
 twenty a|id thirty (ifl>, which were diftributed among 
 the (ick, ^nd thofe who were not yet quite recovered. 
 \Ve, began this day to move fome of the weight from 
 the a(tcr-part of the fhip forward, to eafe her. On the 
 38th, Mr. Banks with fomc fcamen went up into the 
 country, to whom he (hewed a plant which ferved them 
 for greens, and which the inhabitants of the We(l-In- 
 dics call Indian Kale. Here wc faw a tree notched for 
 climbing: alfo nefls of white ants from a few inches to 
 five feet in height, prints of mens feet, and the tracks 
 of three or four aninials were likewife difcovered. 
 
 On Friday the 39th, at two o'clock in the morning, 
 Capt. Cook with Mr. Green, obferved an emerfion of 
 Jupiter's firft fatellite: the time here was 3 hours 18 
 min. j3 k<^ which makes the longitude of this place 
 214 deg. 42 min. 30 fee. W. and the latitude i j dcg. 
 26 min. S. At dawn of day the boat was Tent out to 
 haul for fi(h, and took what made an allowance of one 
 pound and a half to each man. One of our mid(hip- 
 mcn, this day abroad with his gun, reported, thnt nc 
 had fcen a wolf, relcmbling exaaly the fame fpccics in 
 America, at which he (hot, but could not kill it. The 
 next morning, being the 30th, the captain afccndcd a 
 hill to a take a view of the fea, when he obferved innu- 
 merable fand banks and (hoals, in every dircdion ; but 
 to the northward there was an appearance of a palTagc, 
 which feemcd the only way to fteer clear of the fur- 
 rounding dangers, efpecially as the wind blows con- 
 ftantly from the S. E. Mr. Gore faw this day two (traw 
 coloured animals of the fizc of a hare, but (haped 
 like a dog. In the afternoon the people returned with 
 fuch a quantity of (i(h, that two pounds and a half 
 were di(tributed t6 each man t and plenty of greens 
 had been gathered, which when boiled with peas made 
 an excellent mefs. and we all thought this day's fare an 
 unjpeakable refrelhment. 
 
 On Sunday the 1 (t of July all the crew had permif- 
 fion to go on (hore. except dne from each m^fs. part 
 of whom Were agdin fent out with the feine, and were 
 again equally fucCefsful. Some of our people who 
 went up in the country, gave an account of their hav- 
 ing feen feveral animals, and a (ire about a mile up the 
 river. On Tuefday the 3d, the mafter, who had been 
 fent in the pinnace, returned, and reported, that he had 
 found a paUage out to fea, between (hoals which coh- 
 fiHed of cor» , rocks, many whereof wete dry at low 
 watei'. He found fonie Cockles fo large, that one, 
 of them was more thait fuflRcient for two men: like- 
 wife plenty of other fhell-(i(h, of which he brought a 
 fupply to the (hip, in his return to which he had landed 
 in a bay where Utrnt Indians were at fupper ; but they 
 inftantly retired, leaving fome fea eggs by a (ire for 
 drefling tltemJ This day we madie another attempt to ' 
 float the '(hip. and happily fucceeded at high w^tcr : ■ 
 when we found, that by 'the pofition (he had lain in, 
 one of her planks was (jprung;, fo that it was again ne- 
 ceflvy to lay her alhore. An alligator fwam by her fe- 
 v««l tiroes at high water. , /'.' 
 
 Wedftefday the 4th was employed' in trii^ming her| 
 upoa aii eveo ked, wairping her over, and lading her' 
 down on ii &itd-biuik, 6ii uilfouth fide of the river ; , 
 and on the next day, ^ itii, (he was agiiiti floated,; 
 and nbofcd off the beach, in order to receive the 
 ftora on board. This day we croiTed the harbour, and 
 fininii «n a fiudy beach a {^r Aumber of fruits, not 
 3 
 
 TT 
 
 difcovered before , among othcr» a cocoa.nut, wWcli' 
 Tupia fjiid had been opened by a crab, fin<| was judoed 
 to fx what the Dutch call Bc.irs Krabbe.' the v«S^ 
 table fubftancfa which Mr banks picj^ Mp>cre ?n. 
 crufted with marine producHons, and covered with 
 barnacles, a proof of their having been tranrplanted, 
 probably from Terra del Efoeritp !Janto. This gentle., 
 man with a party having failed up the river on the 6tli, 
 to make an cxcurfion up th^ country, returned on the 
 8th. Having (bllowcd the courfe of the river, they 
 found It at length contraflcd into a narrow channeL 
 bounded by fteep bank*, adorned with trees of a mott 
 beautiful appearance, among which was the bark tree. 
 The land was low and covered with grafs. and feemed 
 capable of being cultivated to great advantage. The 
 night, though wc had made a fire on the baiiks of the 
 river, was rendered extremely difagrccable by the 
 (lings of the mufquitos, that caufe an almoft intolera- 
 ble torment. Going in purfuit of game, we faw four 
 animals, two of which wej-e chafed by Mr. Binks'a 
 greyhound, but they greatly outftripped him in fpeed, 
 by leaping over the long thick grafs, which incom. 
 modcd the dj»g in runninc;. It was obferved of the 
 animals, that they bounded forward on two legs inllead 
 of running on four. Having returned to the boat we pro- 
 ceeded up the river, till it contnwfled to a brook of (re(h 
 water, but in which the tide rofc condderably. Having 
 (lopped to pafs the night, with hope of fome reft, wc 
 faw a fiiinke at a dillance, on which three of us ap- 
 proached it, but the Indians were gone. We faw the 
 imprcfTions of feet on the fand. below high-water 
 mark, and found a (ire Hill burning in the hollow of 
 an old tree. At a fmall diftance were feveral huts, and 
 wc obferved ovens dug in the ground : the remains of a 
 recent meal were likewife apparent. We now retired 
 to our reding-place, and flcpt on plantain leaves, with 
 a hunch of grafs for our pillows, on the fide of a fand* 
 bank, under the (hclter of a bu(h. The tide favour- 
 ing our return in the morning, we loft no time in get- 
 ting back to the (hip. The mafter, who had been feven 
 leagues at fea. returned foon after Mr. Banks, bringing 
 with him three turtles, which he took with a bbau 
 hook, and which together weighed near eight hundred 
 pounds. He was fent out next morning, and Mr. Banka 
 accompanied him with proper inftrumeots (or catching 
 turtle : but not being fuccefsful. he would not go back 
 that night, fo that Mr. Banks, after colleding fomfc 
 (hells and marine produdHons. returned in his own 
 fmall boat. In the morning the fecond lieutenant waa 
 fent to bring the mafter back, foon after which four In- 
 dians, in a (mall canoe, were within fight. The cap> 
 tain now determined to take no notice of thefe people, 
 as the moft likely way to be noticed by them. 'Thia 
 projedl anfwered 1 two of them came within mufquet 
 (hot of the veflTel, where they converfcd very loud i in 
 return, the people on board (houted, and made figna 
 of invitation. The Indians gradually approached, with 
 their lances held up; hot in a menacing manner, but 
 as if they meant to intimate that they were capable of 
 defending themfelves. They came aunwft along-fide, 
 when the captain threw them ckxb, nails, paper. &c 
 which did not feem to attraA their notices at length one 
 of the failors threw a fmall fi(h, which fo pleafeof them, 
 that they hinted their defigns of bringii^ their com- 
 panions, and immediately rowed for the ftiore. In the 
 interim, Tupia and ftmie of the crew landed on theop- 
 pofite (hore. The four Indians now came quite aloi^- 
 fide rhe (hip, and having received fiirther prefents, 
 landed where Tupia and the failora had gone. Hiey 
 had each two hlncesi and a ftick with which they threw 
 them. Advancing towards the Englifh, Turaa per- 
 fuaded them to lay down their arms, and fit by him. 
 which they readily did. Others of theerew now going 
 on (hore, the InduM feemed jeakxit, left the/ dwuU 
 get between them and their arms, but care wai taken to 
 convince them that no fuch thing waa intended, arid 
 more trifles were {Atfented to than. The crew ftaid 
 with them till dinner-time, and then made (igns«f iii- 
 -vitation for them to go to the (hip and nti !>•<( thia ' 
 they declined, and letirad >o theircinoe^ tiifSt tneh 
 
 ■ treic 
 
AMMM^Iillta 
 
 COOK'S FlkST VOYAGE— for mMng Dijhvrt^ in tha S*iiti Stai & Round the fTtrU. ti 
 
 ■ were of ihe common (latuM* with very fmall limbli 
 Ihelr complexion w«i of ■ deep chocolate i their hair 
 bikck, either lank or curled, but not of the wflolly kind i 
 the breaftt and upper lip of one of them were painted 
 with ftreaki of white, which he culled carbanda, and 
 fome part of their bodies had been painted red. Thehr 
 teeth were white and even, their eyes bright, and their 
 features rather pleafinff t their voices mufical, and they 
 repeated feveral Engli(h words with great readinefs. 
 
 The next morning, the vifit of three of thefe In- 
 dians was renewed, and they brought with thein a 
 Axirth, whom they called Yaparico, who appeared to 
 be a perfon of fome confequence. The bone of a bird, 
 about fix inches long, was thruft through the griftic of 
 his nofci and indeed all the inhabitants of this place 
 had their nofcs bored, for the reception of fuch an or- 
 nament. Thefe people being all naked, the captain 
 gave one of them an old Oiirt. which he bound round 
 his head like a turban, inftead of ufing it to cover any 
 part of his body. They brought a filh to the ftjip. 
 which was fuppofed to be in payment for that given 
 them the day before : after flaying fome time with ap- 
 parent fatisfadlion, they fuddenly leaped into their ca- 
 noe, and rowed otf, from a jcaloufy of fome of the 
 gentlemen who were examining it. 
 
 On the 1 2th of July, three Indians vifited Tupia's 
 tent, and after remaining fome time, went for two 
 others, whom they introduced by name. Some fifli 
 was offered them, hut they fccmcd not much to regard 
 it ; after eating a little, they gave the remainder to 
 Mr. Banks's dog. Some ribbands which had been 
 given them, to which medals were fufpended round 
 tneir necks, were fo changed by fmoke, that it was 
 difficult to judge what colour they hiid been, and the 
 fmoke had Aiade their (kins look darker than their na- 
 tural colour, from whence it was thought that they had 
 flcpt clofc to their fires, as a preventative againll the 
 lUng of the mufquitos. Both the Grangers had bones 
 through their nofcs, and a piece of bark tied over their 
 foreheads ; and one of them had an ornament of ftrings 
 round .his arm ; and an elegant necklace made of (hells. 
 Their canoe was about ten feet long, and calculated to 
 hold four perfons, and when it was in (hallow water 
 they moved it by the help of poles. Their lances had 
 only a (ingle point, ami fome of them were barbed 
 with fifh-bones. On the 14th Mr. Gore (hot one of the 
 moufe-coloured animals above-mentioned. It chanced 
 to be a young one, weighing more than 38 pounds; 
 but when they arc full grown, they are as large as a 
 ihcep. The (kin of this bcaft which is called Kanga- 
 roo, is covered with (hort fur, and is of a dark moufe 
 colour; the head and ears are fomcwhat like thofeOf a 
 hare; this animal was drelFcd for dinner, and proved 
 fine .eating. The (liip's crew fed on turtle almofr every 
 diy, which were liner than thofe eaten in England, 
 owing to their being killed before their natural fat was 
 wafted, and their juices changed. 
 
 On' the 17th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went with 
 the capuin into the woods, and faw four Indians in a 
 canoe, who went on (Iiore, and walked up without fign 
 of fear. They accepted fome beads, and departed, 
 intimating that they did not chufe to be followed. 
 The natives being now become familiar with the (hip's 
 crew, one of them was defired to throw his lance, which 
 he did with fuch dexterity and force, that though it was 
 not above four feet from the ground at the higheft, it 
 f penetrated deeply into a tree at the diftance of fifty 
 yards. The natives now came on board the (hip, and 
 were well pleafed with'their entertainment. 
 
 On the 19th, we faw feveral of the women, who, as 
 veil as the men, were quite naked. We were this day 
 vifited bv ten Indians, who feemed refolved to have 
 one of the tunles that was on board, which they re- 
 peatedly made fiens for. and being as repeatedly re. 
 fulM, they exprefled the utmofl rage and refentment, 
 one of them m particular, having received a denial 
 .front Mr. Banks, heilainped. and pufhed him away in 
 « moft violent manner. At length they laid hands on 
 two «f the turtles, and drew them to the fide of the 
 fliip where the canoe lay, but the faiters took them 
 
 away. 7^ "*■<'* feveral flmilar attempts, but bcin^ 
 equally unfuccefsfiil, they leaped fuddenly into their 
 canoe, and rowed off. At inis inftant the captain, 
 with Mr. Banks, and five or fix of the feamen, went 
 on (hore, where they arrived before the Indians, and 
 where many of the crew were already employed. As 
 foon as the Indians landed, one of them fnatched a 
 fire brand from under a pitch-kettle, and running to 
 the windward of wha; effeos were left on (hore, fet fire 
 to the dry grafs, which burned rapidly, fcorched a pig 
 to deathi burned part of the fmith's forge, and would 
 have deliroyed a tent of Mr. Banks, but that fome pco- 
 pie came from the (hip jufi in time to get it out of the 
 way of the flames. In the mean while the Indians 
 went to a place where the fi(hing-nets lay, and a quan- 
 tity of linen was laid out to dry, and there again fet fire 
 to the grafs, in fpite of all pcrluafion, and even of 
 threats. A mufquet loaded with finall fl ot was fired, 
 and one of them being wounded, they ran away, and 
 this fecond fire was e^xtinguilhed ; but the other burned 
 far into the woods. 
 
 The Indians dill continuing in fight, a mufquet 
 charged with ball was fired, the report only of which 
 fcnt them out of fight ; but their voices being heard in 
 the woods, the Captain with a few people went to meet 
 them. Both parties ftopped when in fight of each 
 other I at which time an old Indian advanced before the 
 rell a little way, but foon halted, and after having 
 fpokc fome words, which we could not underltand, he 
 retreated to his companions, and they all retired (lowly 
 in a body. Having found means to ieize fome of their 
 darts, we continued following them about a mile, and 
 then (at down upon fome rocks, the Indians fitting 
 down alfo about an hundred yards from us. The old 
 man again came forward, having a lance without 9 
 point in his hand ; he (topped feveral times nt dif- 
 ferent diftances, and fpoke, whereupon the captain 
 made figns of friendfhip, which they anfwered. The 
 old man now turned, and fpoke aloud to his compa- 
 nions, who placed their lances againd a tree, and came 
 forward in a friendly manner. When they came up to 
 us, we returned the darts we had taken, and we per- 
 ceived with great fatisfaC^ion, that this rendered the re- 
 conciliation complete. In this party were four perfons 
 whom we had not feen before, who, as ufual, were in- 
 troduced to us by name, j^ut the man who had been 
 wounded in the attempt to bum our nets, was not a- 
 mong them. Having received from us fome trinkets, 
 they walked amicably toward the coad, intimating by 
 figns, that they would not fire the grafs again. When 
 we came oppofite the (hip they fat down, out we could 
 not prevail with them to go on board. They accepted 
 a few mufquet balls, the ufe and ciTedl of which the 
 Capuin endeavoured to explain. We then left them, 
 and when arrived at the fiiip, we faw the woods burning 
 at the didance of two miles. We had no conception 
 of the (iiry with which gra(s will burn in this hot cli- 
 mate, nor of the difficulty of extihguilhing it ; but we 
 determined, that if it (hould ever again be necelTaiy 
 for us to pitch out tents in fuch a (uuation, our firft 
 work (hould be to clear the ground round us. 
 
 Friday the 20th, our (hip being ready for Tea, the 
 mader was fent in fearch of a pauiige to the north- 
 ward, but could not find any; while tlu Qiptain found- 
 ed and buoyed the bar. 'This day we faw not any In- 
 dians : but the hills for many miles were on fire, which 
 at night made an appearance truly fublime. On the 
 22nd, we killed a turtle, through both (boulders of 
 which duck a wooden harpoon, near fifteen inches long, 
 bearded at the end, and about the thicknels of a maiui 
 finger, refembling fuch as we had feen among the na- 
 tives. The turtle appeared to have been (Vruck a con- 
 fiderable time, for the wound was perfectly healed. 
 On the 24th, one of the (ailors, who with others had 
 been fent to gather kale, having ftrayed from the led, 
 fell in with four Indians K dinner. He was at firft . 
 much alarmed, but had pnidence eiioug^ to. conceal 
 his apprehcnfionst aiwl £tung down bf tton giiye them 
 his knif^ which having examined^ th^ returned. He 
 wouM then h«ve left ttont but they fconeddifpofed 
 
 !•: 
 
,,, 
 
 68 
 
 apt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 } 
 
 m 
 
 w- 
 
 li- n 
 
 to d^ttin him, till, by fieclinff hii handf and face, they 
 were convinced he wu made of fleflt and Mnod lilie 
 thcmrelve*. They treated him with great civility, and 
 haviiif; kept him about half an hour, they made ti^nn 
 that he tniftht depart. Wh«n he left them, not takmg 
 the direift way to the fhip, they came from the fire, and 
 (hewed him the neareft wayi from whence we con- 
 clmled, that thry well knew fmm whence he came. We 
 may here nhfer\'c, that the language of thcfe people 
 fcemcd to us more harfli than that ofihe illanden in the 
 South-Sea. They were continually repeating the word 
 chercnu, a term, an wc imagined, of admiration. They 
 aifo Cried our, when thrv faw any thing new, chcr, tut, 
 tut, tut, tut I which probably wai a fimilar exprclTion. 
 Mr. Banks hiving gone on Ihore in fearch of plants, 
 found th^ cloth which had been diftributed among the 
 natives, lyin^ in a heap, as ufelefs lumber. Indeed 
 they Iremed to fet very little value upon any thing we 
 had, except out turtle, a commodity we were iealt in- 
 ctfned and able to fpare. 
 
 Tuefday, the 24th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander 
 rcturnihg from the woods, through a deep valley, found 
 lying on the groimd, (everal marking nuts, the Ana. 
 carmum oricntale; but they fought in vain for the tree 
 thnt bore them. On the i6tn, as Mr. Hanks was 
 again fearcliing the country to enrich his natural hif- 
 tory, he took an animal of the Opotrum kind, with t\vo 
 young ones. On the 37th, Mr. Gore (hot a Kanguroo, 
 which weighed eighty-four pounds, though not at its 
 full growth. When tlrcfTcd, on the 28th, wc found it 
 had a much worfc flavour than that wc had eaten 
 before. 
 
 Sunday, the 29th, we got the anchor up, and made 
 all ready to put to fca. A boat was fcnt out to afcer. 
 tain what water was upon the bar; when returned, the 
 officer reported, that there was only thirteen feet, which 
 was fix inches lefs than the Ihip drew. Wc therefore 
 this day gave up all hopes of failing. Mond.-ty, the 
 30th, we had frelh gales with hayy weather and rain, 
 till Tiiefday, the 3 1 It, at two in the morning, when the 
 weather became more moderate. During all this time 
 the pinnace and yawl continued to ply the net and 
 hook with tolerable good fucccfs, bringing in at diifer- 
 cnt times a turtle, and from two to three hundred 
 weight of fifli. 
 
 On Wednefday, the ift of AuguH, the pumps were 
 examined by the carpenter, who found them all in a 
 (l.ite of decay, and fome quite rotten, owing, as he faid, 
 to the fap having been left in the wood ; but as the fhip 
 admitteo only an inch of water in an hour, we hoped 
 fhe wai* ftout enough, and truftcd to her foundnefs. 
 
 Or Saturday, the 4th, at feven o'clock in the morning, 
 we once more got under fail, and put to fea. We Aood 
 «fr E. by N. with the pinnace a-head to keep founding. 
 About noon we came to an anchor, when the harbour 
 from whence we had failed bore S. 70 W. diflant about 
 five leagues. The Captain here named the northernmoft 
 point of land in iight^ Cape Bedford, and the harbour ^ 
 we had quitted, Endeavour River. Our latitude by ob. 
 feirvation wai now 1 5 deg. 32 min. 8. Endeavour Ri> 
 ver is only a fmall bar harbour. Or creek, which runs 
 in a winding channel three or four leagues inland. The 
 depth of water for (hipping, is not more than a mile 
 within the bar, and only on the north fide. At the new 
 aiid full of the moon, it tr high-rwater between nine and 
 ten o'clock. It muft al(b be remembered, that this part 
 of the coaft is fo tiarricaded with (hoals, as to make 
 the harbour very difficult of accefs: the fafeft approach 
 ii fWnn the fouthward, keeping the main land clofe 
 u^ th* board all the way^ Over the fouth point is 
 ftMt Hi^ land, but the nenrdi point ii formed Djr a low 
 ^tidy bnchi. The provifiont we procured in thia har- 
 bbgr, confiftcd of turtle, oyflera of oifftrcncrorts, cavaihe 
 br fcomber, flat filli, Ikate or ray fiOigffvrflain. wild 
 obetttt, and babbage-palma. Of quadraptda, there wt 
 MMta, wolvei; pole-cata,^ tetted animal of die vW^Ott 
 kind, and feveral kinda of ferpcnta, fome of which onfy 
 aievcnMnou.: Degi are the only umtwiiinala. The 
 |it|d fbi»b«te kitM, crowa, hawJca, toriquecs^ ^ockatooa, 
 ^Mrt«tt,j^BaMiib Hldibiall bitdt of varwUf Ib^ta, the 
 
 names of which we could not tearrt. The water fowla 
 are wild geefe, curlieui, hena. whiftiing ducks, that 
 perch on trees, and fome few othcri. The foil of the 
 hills, though ftoney, produces coarfegrafk, befkles woodi 
 that of the valkya is in general well cloaihcd, and haa 
 the appearance of fertility. The trees here afr of va. 
 nous foni, of which die guni'trces arc the moft com. 
 mon* On each fide of the river an inangrovet, which 
 m fome parts extend a mile within the coa(». The 
 country U well watered, artd ant-hilla are evm where 
 in great numben. 
 
 On Saturday, the 4th, Captain Cook went up to the 
 mall.head to kiok at fome dangerous (hoals, feveral of 
 w hich he faw above the water. This day fuc h a quan- 
 tity of fi(h wa< caught, as alkiwed a dividend of two 
 pounds to each nun. During the fix following days, 
 we attempted to fail between the flioals and breakers, by 
 which we were every way furroundcd. On the loth, 
 wc were between a head.land and three iflands, which 
 had been difcovered the preceding day. M'e now en- 
 tertaincd hopes of being out of danger j but thia noc 
 proving to be the cafe, we called the head-land Cape 
 Flattery. Some land waa now difcovered, and wasgene* 
 rally taken for the main 1 but in the Captain's opinion, 
 a cluftcr of iflands. Upon this diverfity of fentimentt, 
 it was refolved to bring the fliip to an anchor. Thia 
 done, the Captain landed, and from a high point took ■ > 
 Purvey of the fea-coafi, by which he was confirmed in 
 his conjtfdurc. On the point where he flood were feen 
 the prints r,f human feet, in white fand of an cxquifite 
 Hnciiels 1 and the place wa« named point Lookout. "To 
 the northward of this, the coafi appeared to be fhool 
 and flat, for a confiderable diftance, which did not en- 
 cotiragc our hope, that the channel we had hitherto 
 found in with the land would continue. 
 
 On Saturday, the 1 ith, early in the morning, Mr. 
 Banks and Capt. Cook went to vifit the largcfl of the 
 three iflands, nnd having gained the fiimmjt of the 
 highcfl hill, they beheld a reef of rocks, whereon the 
 fca broke in a frightful mannert but the hazy weather 
 preventing a perledt view, they lodged under a bulk 
 during the night, and next day feeing what had the 
 appearance ofa channel between the reefs, one of die 
 mates, on the 1 ith, was fent ^t in the pinnace to exa> 
 mine it i and at noon rfturned, having ftnind between 
 fifteen and twenty-eight fathom of watbr ; but it blew 
 (b hard, that the mate did not dare to venture into one 
 of the channels, which he faki appeared to be very nar- 
 row; but the Captain judged he had feen them to a 
 difadvantage. While bufy m his furvey. Ma. Banks wai 
 attentive to his favourite purfuit, and colleded many 
 pUnts he had not before leen. This ifland, vifible at 
 twelve leagues diflance, and in general barren, we found 
 to be about eight leagues in circumference. Thett 
 ire fome fandy bays ami low land on the N. W. fide, 
 which is covered with kuig grafs, and trees of the fame 
 kind with thofc on the maim lizards ofa very large fixe 
 alfo abounded, fome of which we took. We found alfb 
 frefh water in two placet t one running (Iream, dole to 
 the fea, was a little brackifh 1 the other was a Ifauiding 
 pool, pcrfedl^ fweet. We were furprized to fte, that, 
 iiotwithltanding the diftance of this ifland from the 
 main, it waa kimetimet vifited by the Indiana from 
 thence t as was plain frtmi feven or eight firamea of 
 their butt which we found. All thefe wrere built on 
 eminencies, and from their fituation, we judged^ that 
 the weather here, at certain feaCms, is invariw^ Calm 
 and mild. On our return to the ftiip, the Oiptaiti 
 named this place the Lizard IfTand, on account of out 
 having feen no oth'e^ animals but lizardf. When re- 
 turning, we landed on a low Andy ifland; upon which 
 were birds of vaHoua kinda. We took a Je^ vfyeum 
 eaglet, and therefore called the t>l«ce EadelflaiM. we 
 found alio « neft of fotine other, Hrd, of a moif enor- 
 mout <ize: it waa made widi fficka gpon the gi«Und, 
 and was net left thiirt twenty-4x feet iri'circuitnmhce, 
 and two (m eight ihchA high. We perdeivied that tMt 
 place hadilfo Menitilhed^theriMi^. T!)urin|[^ 
 abfeim Ablb the (hip, the m(^MtltMi4tMlWijk 
 ral low iflands. wher* he had i|lil< ^t h<i^ ciTt 
 
WIfa 
 
 COOK't FIRST VOYAOB— fM imkiiig Dj/Uvtrkt in the Stuti Sm* U Round the ff'or/J. 69 
 
 llwilt, and (bund the fimof them, which the Indians 
 had left hanging on the trcei, fe frefli. that thejr were 
 dreAd and eaten bjr thcboat'i crew. 
 
 On Sunday the nth, the ofllcen held a confulraiion, 
 and we were unanimous in opinion, that it would be 
 bcft to quit thecoaft altogether, till we could approach 
 h with left dangeri in conrequence of which concur- 
 l«nt opinion, we failed on Mondajr the 1 3th, and got 
 through one of the channels in the reef, happy at find* 
 ing ourfelvei once more in the open fea, alter having 
 been Airrounded bv dreadful (hoali and rockt for near 
 three months. Wahad now failed above 1000 milei, 
 during which run we had been obliecd to Iccep 
 foundling, without the intcrmiflion of a Angle minute 1 
 a circumftancc which, it it fuppofcd, never happened 
 to any (hip but the Endeavour, The palTaee through 
 which we pafTcd into the open fca bcvond tne reef, ii 
 in latitude 14 dcg. 13 min, S. ana may always be 
 known bv the three hish idands within it, which Capt. 
 Coolc called the Klands of Diredlion, becaufe by thefe 
 a ftranger may find a fafe channel through the reef auite 
 to the main. The channel lies from Lizard liiand 
 N. E. half N. diftant three leagues, und is about one 
 third of a mile broad, and much the fame in Imffh. 
 The iflands abound in turtle and other fi(h, and on the 
 beach we found bamboos, cocoa nuts, pumice-ftone, 
 and the feeds of plants, fuppofcd to be wafted thither 
 by the trade winds, as the plants themfelvcs are not na- 
 tives of the country. 
 
 On Tuefday the 1 4th, we anchored, and by obferva- 
 tion, our latitude was ij deg. 46 min. S. and at this 
 time we had no land in light. On the 15th we (teered 
 • wefterly courfe, in order to get fight of Lnd, that we 
 might not overfhoot the paflage, ifa paflfage there wu 
 between this land and New Guinea. Early in the after, 
 noon we had fight of land, which had the appearance 
 of hilly iflands, but it was judged to hepartortnc main, 
 •nd we faw breakers between the veflel and the land, 
 in which there was an npenina 1 to set clear, we fet all 
 our fails, and ftood to the nortnwardtill midnight, and 
 then went on a fouthward tack for about two mil,es, 
 when the breeze died away to a dead calm. Wlicn 
 day.Iight came on we faw a dreadful furf break.at a vail 
 heisht, within a mile of the (hip^ towards which the 
 rolliiw waves carried her with-creat rapidity. Thus 
 diftreflcd, the boats were fent ariMad to row, atui tiic 
 head of the vclfcl was brought about, hut not till the 
 was within a hundred yards of the rock, between which 
 and her there was nothing left but the chnfm, and which 
 had rifen and broke to a wonderful height on the rocit ; 
 but in the moment we cxpeftcd inftant dcHrutStion, a 
 breeze, hardly difcernibie, aided the boats in getting 
 the veflel in an oblique direction from the rock. The 
 hopes, however, aftbrdcd by this providential circum- 
 l^arice, were dcftroycd by a perffd calm, which fucceed- 
 ed in a few minutes j yet the breeze once more return- 
 ed, before wc had loft the little- ground which had been 
 gained. At this time a fmall opening was (een in the 
 reef, and a young officer being fent to examine it, 
 found that in breadth did not much exceed the length 
 of the (hip, but that there was fmooth water on the 
 other fide of the rocks. Animated by the defire of 
 preferving life, we now attempted to pafs the opening, 
 but this was impofliblei for it having become high- 
 water in the interim, the ebb tide rufhed through it 
 with amazing impetuofity, carrying the Ihip about a 
 Quarter of a mile from the reef, and (he foon reached 
 the diftance of near two miles by the help of the boats. 
 When the ebb tide was fpent, the tide of flood again 
 drove the veflfcl very near the rocks, fo that our prolpcd 
 of deflrudtion was renewed, when we difcoverecTanother 
 opening, and a light breeze fpringing up, we entered 
 It, and were driven through it with a rapidity that pre- 
 vented the fliip from ftriking againft either fide ofthe 
 channel. The fliip now came to an anchor, and our 
 Crew were grateful for having regained a ftation, which 
 they had beeti very lately moft anxious to quit. The 
 name of Providence Channel was given to the ooenine 
 through which the (hip had thus efcaped the moft inw 
 minent dangers. A high |)r»montory on the main land 
 
 in fight, was denominated Cape Weymouth, and a bay 
 ttcar It Weymouth Bar. Iliis day ihe boats went out 
 to flih. and met witn great fucccf«, particularly m 
 catching cockles, fome ut which were of fuch an amaz- 
 ing (Ize,as to require the (Irtngth of tvio men to move 
 them. Mr. Banks likrwife fuccecdcd in his fcarch lur 
 rare (hells, and dilferent kinds ol coral. 
 
 On the 1 8ih, we difcovercd fcvcral finall iflands.which 
 were called Forbes's Iflands, and had a (i)Tht ot a high 
 
 Kiint of land on the main, which k ' < named the Bulc 
 cad. On the 19th, we difcoveredtcvcral other fmalt 
 iflands, the land of which was low, barren, and fandy. 
 A point was fccn. and called Cape Grenvillc, and a bay 
 which took the name of Temple Bay. In the afternoon 
 many other iflands were feen, which were denominated 
 Bircllfles, from their being frequented by numcroua 
 flocks of birds. On the 30th many more fmall iflands 
 were feen, on one of which were a few trees, and 
 feveral Indian huts, fuppofcd to have been eredled by 
 the natives of the mainland, as temporary habitations 
 during their vtfit to thefe iflands. On the 3 1 ft we failed 
 through a channel, in which was a number of (hoals » 
 and nve the name of York Cape to a point of the 
 main land which forms the fide ofthe channel. A large 
 bay is formed to the fouth of the cape, whi^h was 
 called Newcaftle Bay, and in which are feveral little 
 iflands I on the north tide of the cape the land is rather 
 mountainous, but the low parts of the country abound 
 with trees: the iflandidifcoverrd in the morning of this 
 day, were called York Ifles. In the afternoon we an- 
 chored between fome iflands, and obferved, that the 
 channel now began to grow wider; we perceived two 
 diftant points, hrtween which no land could be feen, (0 
 that the hope of having at length explored a paflage 
 into the Indian .'lea, hc^an to animate every breall ; but, 
 to bring the matter to .( certainty, the captain took a 
 
 Ertv, and lieing accompanied by Melfrs. Solander and 
 nks, they landed on an ifland, on which they had 
 (een a number of Indians, ten ot whom were on a hill, 
 one of them carrying a bow and a bundle of arrows, 
 the reft armed with hmces? and round the necks of two 
 of them hung firings of mother of pearl. Three of 
 thefe Indians flood on fliore.as if to oppofe the landing 
 ofthe boat, but they retired before it reached the beach. 
 The captain and his company nowafcended a hill, from 
 whence they' had a view of near forty miles, In which 
 fpace there was nothing that threatened to oppofe their 
 paflage, fo that the certainty of a channel feemed to be 
 almou indubitable. Previous to their leaving the ifland, 
 Capt. Cookdifptayed the Englifli colours, and took pof- 
 fclfion of all the eafiern coafi <>f the country, from the 
 jSth deg. of S. latitude to the prefent fpot, by the na;.;? 
 of New South Wales, for his fovereign the King oif 
 Great Britain: and three volleys of Imall arms being 
 fired, and anfwered by an equal number from the En- 
 deavour, the place received the name of PofTcffion 
 Ifland. The next morning we faw three naked women 
 colle(3ing flicU-fifli on the beach; and weighing anchor, 
 gave the name of Cape Cornwall to the extreme point 
 ofthe largcft ifland on the north-weft fide ofthe paf- 
 fage : fome low iflands near the middle of the channel 
 receiving the name of Wallis's Iflc; foon after which 
 the (hip came to an anchor, and the long-boat was fent 
 out to round. Towards evening we failed again, and 
 the captain landed with Mr. Banks, on a fmall ifland 
 which was frequented by immenfe numbers of birds, 
 the majorinr of which being boobies, the place received 
 the name of Booby Ifland. We were now advanced to 
 the northern extremity of New Holland, and had the 
 fatisfiidion of viewiiu the open fea to the weftward. 
 The N. E. entrance otthe palTage is formed by the main 
 land of New Holiand,and by a number of iflands, which 
 took the name of the Prince of Wales's Iflands, and 
 which Capt. Cook imagines may reach to New Guinea i 
 thefe iflands abound with trees and grafs, and were 
 known to be inhabited, from the fmoke that wufeen 
 aicending in many places. 
 
 To the paflage we had failed through, Capt. Cook 
 
 nve the name of Endeavour Streights. New South 
 
 Wales is a much Uiger country than any hiAierto 
 
 * known. 
 
 M 
 
 1 1; :'; 
 
 I' ' 'I 
 fe ' 
 
7© 
 
 C«pt. COOK'i VOYA G««|42,0 M rLTE T M. 
 
 mmmam 
 
 1 ■., 
 
 
 ;f ! 
 
 . ' ■ II 
 
 known, mmI not deemed a ODmincm, being larger than 
 all Europe, which ii proved by the F.ndcavour'* having 
 coaftcd more than 3000 niil«f, even If her tra^t were re- 
 tuctA to a Hrait line. Northward of the latiiudv of jj 
 dcg. the country ii hilly, yet not nKNintainoun but to 
 the Ibuthward of that latitude, it ii moftly low and even 
 ground. The hilU in general arc diverfiHed hy lawn* 
 and woodi, and many ofthc valley* abmind with her- 
 bage, though, on the whole, it cannot be dceniwl a 
 fertile country. To the northward ihe graf* i» not fu 
 rich, nor the tree* fo high ai in the routhern parti, ami 
 almoft every where, even the largeft tree* grow at a 
 ciiflanoc of not Icf* than thirteen yard* afundcr. In all 
 mtte place* where the land (brim a b.iy, the Owre ia 
 covered with mangrove*, that grow about a mile in land, 
 in a fwampy ground, which the fpring tide* alway* 
 overflowi in fome part* there are Dog*, covered with 
 diick f(n(», and plenty of under-wood in the valley* 1 
 the foil in general feem* unfit for cultivation, though 
 there are many (pot* where the arts of tillage might l)C 
 attended With luccef*. There are feveral fait crceki, 
 cunning in many diredionithrough the country, where, 
 there are alfo brook* of frclh water,but there arc no ri- 
 ver* of any confiderable extent 1 yet it feemed to be welt 
 watered, a* the time when the (hip wa* on the coaA, 
 wa« reckoned the dried feafon of the year. The Kum- 
 trce which yieldi a refin like the dragons blood. Here 
 are three kinds of palm-treei, two of which are fo jnd 
 only in the northern diftrich Nut* fomewhat refemb- 
 imgchefnuti arc produced b^r one of thefe, which were 
 fuppofed to be eatable, yet (ome of the feamcn having 
 nude free with them were taken very ill 1 two of whom 
 died within a week, and it wa* not without difficulty 
 riut the third wa< recovered. The Iccond fort of palm 
 it much like the Weft Indian cabbage- tree, which 
 yields a cabbage of an agreeable tatlc. The third fort 
 abound* in the fouthern part, and produces a fmall cab- 
 bage of a vcrv agreeable flavour, with many nuts, which 
 fUrnifh food for hngs. There is likewife a tree on 
 which grows apurple apple that taftes like a damofcenc, 
 as we nave before obfcrved. ficfides thefe there is a 
 fig-tree, producing fi^s, but not of the fineA fort, and 
 they have another which bean a fort of plumb that is 
 Hat on the fides like a cfieefe. A plant was found here, 
 the leaves of which were like thofc of the bulrulh t it 
 yields a bright yellow refin, that refemblet gumbouge, 
 but docs not flam » it had a very agreeable (mell. We 
 found two fortsof yanu, the one round and covered with 
 (Iringy fibres, the other in flupe like a radifh t both of 
 whicn are of a pleafant ufie. A fruit of a dilagreeable 
 flavour was found, in fhape refembling a pine-apple; 
 and another that was much like a cherry, but hada foft 
 kernel. The country produces purflain and wild parfly. 
 We Hiw here, befides the bead already mentioned, one 
 that was called a quail, the belly of this animal was 
 quite white, its back was brown with white fpots ; and 
 it was like a pole-cat. Vail numbers of beautiful pi- 
 geons were obfcrved, and the feamen (hot many of 
 ihem, alfo eagles, hawks, ctanes, herons, buflarda, 
 crows, parrots, parroqueta. cockajtoos, and fomc other 
 birds of^ fine plumage, bcfide^ quails and doves. 
 
 In this country there are but few infedls, and the anu 
 and mufquitos are the chief among them. There aic 
 four kinds of the former whichdefcrve particulartiotice. 
 The fird of thefe are entirely green, and live on trees, 
 where tlu-y build their nefls in a very curious manner, 
 bending down the leaves, ana gluing them together with 
 an animal juice, fuppofed to proceed from their own 
 bodies. While feveral of thefe animals were bufied in 
 this employ, thoufands were ioincd to keep the le^f in 
 its proper ficuation, which, when they were difturbcd in 
 i^eir work, flew back with a force that any one would 
 have imagined to be fuperior to their united (Irengtht 
 at the fame time thev avenged themfelves by fcverely 
 Hinging their didurbcn. The fecond fpecies ofantt 
 here are black, and live in the infide of the branche«, 
 after they have worked out the pith. The third fort. 
 4odged themfelves in the root of a plant that twines 
 tound the trunks of other trees. Thu they made koi- 
 buft iMui Gtft ituo a great ituiabcr of pafTagfct that ran 
 
 phnts haying brof injured. Thijy^enoC alniw Mf 
 thefWeofthf red ants pfi^i^^invury, Mtpxh^imfth 
 fort ihcfMc 1.1.0 the Eatt-lpM'an >» hUe anti, aikj^ad 
 oaefcn pf itclU ai big aaa half'.pcck la|f wMchhiing 
 fromtbc hQugh* of tree* 'and wore cqmpofrd of ^vwal 
 ininutt; paru of yegcublei, which appeared tofcellwrk 
 jogfliher by the gluiinou* ju|te .bcforeTjmcntivncd. 
 There was a communication between the celli, and 
 pafTagr* toother ncfl* upon the fame ircej they had 
 alfo a holk>w covered palTagc to another neft on thf 
 ground, at the root of a different ^ree., The height of 
 iheground-ncd* was found to he of about fix /cei; an<| 
 the breadth nearly the fume : and the ouiiidc wat'f>laif> 
 tcred with cluvalmontwoiiui»c»thii.k. fbefchadafub. 
 terraneou* pafTage leading to the root* ofthc tree* near 
 ' hich they were conllruiltcd, from whence thefe crca- 
 uircs afcendcd the trunk and branches by covered ways^ 
 calculated for the purpofe. It was concluded, that the 
 ants rclhrtrd to thefe ground-nefts during the wet fca. 
 fun, lis they were water proof. 
 
 Variety of fiflt is fupplied by the feas in thefe parts, 
 among which are mullets, cray-fiih and crabs. Upon 
 the fhoaliare found the rock, pearl, and other oyflen, 
 as well as the mod delicate green turtle, befides thofe 
 enormous cockles which have been already mentioned. 
 Alligators are found in the rivers and fait creeks. The 
 country does not appear to be inhabited by numbers any 
 way proportioned to its great extent 1 not above thirty 
 being ever feen together but once, which was when 
 thofe of both feies and all agei got together on a rock 
 off Botanjr Bay, to view the (hip. None of their vil^ 
 lagcs confided of more huts than would afford QuUet 
 for fourteen or fideen men, and thefe were the lacgcfl 
 numbers that were affemblcd with a view to attack u» 
 No part of the country appeared to be cultivated, 
 whence there mud necefbrdy be fewer inhabitants oa 
 the inland parts than on the feacoad. The men ate 
 well iTiadc, of the middle fize, ^ ^Aive, in a ^gl^ 
 degree I but their voicea are foft, even to effemin^. 
 Their cok>ur is chocolate 1 but they were (b covered 
 with d irt^ at to look alnwd a< black at negroes. Their 
 hair ia naturally long and black, but they commonly 
 cropped it fhom iafbme.few infhnca it it flightly 
 curled, but in common quite draitt it is always maitea 
 with dirt, yet wholly free from lice; their beaidt ai^ 
 thick and bufhy, but kept fhort by fingeinu. The wo* 
 men were feen only at a didance, at the men con^ 
 dantly led them behind when they croffcd the river. 
 The chief ornament of thefe people it the bone that il 
 thrud through the nofe, which the failort whimfkally 
 called their fprit-fail yard; but befides this they wore 
 necklaces formed of fnclls, a fnuill cord tied twice or 
 thrice round the arm between the elbow and fhoulder, 
 and a dring of plaited human hair round the waifV. 
 Some fi;w of them had iui ornament of (bells hai^na 
 acrofs the bread. Befides thefe ornaments they paintra 
 their bodies and limbs white and red, in dripesof dif- 
 fereiu dimenfions; and they had a circle of white 
 rtHind each eye, and fpoa of it on the fiice. Thcic 
 eairs were bored, but they did not wear ear-rings. They 
 accepted whatever was given them, but feemed ta 
 have no idea of nuking an adequate return; and they 
 would not part with their onuments for any thing that 
 was ofTcrca in exchange. Their bodies were marked 
 with fears, which they fignified were in remembrance 
 of thf deceafcd. Their huts were built with fmall rodi^ 
 the two ends of which were fixed into the ground, foaa 
 to form the figure of an oven ; they are covered with 
 pieces of bant and palm-leaves. The door of this 
 building, which is only high enough to fit upright in, 
 is oppofite to the fire-placet. They deep with their 
 heels turned up towards their heads; and even in this 
 podure the hut will not hold more than four pei^le. 
 In the northern parts, where the weather was warmc', 
 one fide of the houfcs was left opep, and the other op- 
 
 EofiHl to whatever wind might blow at the time there; 
 uts were only built for temporary ufe, and led behind 
 when they faiiaved to other para of the country; but 
 if theit fUy was only for a night or two^ they had np 
 
 .«her 
 
COOK'i FIRST VOYAQBi^f^ niiki|«^4M^i i« the St^t^SifKft K.m^ the f/^tr/J.^ft 
 
 other protcAion fram the wnihrr thai wIm Ih* gmr* 
 and bti Ihn a iToriled. Wklic the hull on the fK^ lUMl 
 were turned frum ttM win4t thoTc on the iflan^ii IMTV 
 lowirda iti a kind of protf thai ibev vila the iflHWte 
 in fine weather, and enjd|r the refreAing iMceVe wMiv 
 ihcy ilepc. Thefe hues arc fumifhcd wi|h ■ kuJ «/ 
 but krt for fetching woicr, aude of an oblonK ptftt of 
 turk tied up at each end with the twig nf« irrct »ni 
 thi« i( the only t'urnituit of the houfe. On their bmk% 
 thry have a kind of I^R> of the flte and furin of a 
 cabbage-net, in whkh.tii<)rcarr)r their fifli-hnokii and 
 lines, of tkc (hells (if Nhkh {Iwy make thefe hciokai 
 the omanttnta which thr^ wear (<mnt\ of loine poiru^ 
 uf dartii and two or thre« bnaof fmtn'. , *nd in thts 
 narrow conipari lie all their rwha*. They ftcJ on the 
 kansuroo, andfcv../'?' kinds of bircl* when they can 
 Aitch theini they Itkevlfp eat yaml, and varioiii kinds 
 nflruiti but the principal article of their cxiOencc it 
 filh. They were frequently (/l>rt.-rvrd with the leavff 
 nf a tree in their mouths, but whether it hiut the qua- 
 lities of either tobacco or beetle could not be knowni 
 but It was obfcrved not to difcolour the te<;ih or lip^ 
 
 From the notches that were feen in a great ituttlher 
 of tree.1, for the purpoR* of cliitibing tliem, it' Was 
 imagined that , their metho<i of taking the kangMOPP, 
 Was by ftriklng it with their lantcs as it palled unJ<rthi^ 
 
 Sti. In thelelikewlfe, It is probable, th»i they tobk 
 Irds, while they were roonmu, as they teemed too 
 fhy to be otherwifc catchcd. Tncir method of pro- 
 ducing fire^ and exteitding the Rttmt of it, Ts very ffn* 
 gular: having wrout{ht one end of a.ftick irufp an ob- 
 tuft point, they place this point updn a pleCe of dry 
 lirood, and turnins the Upright (tick v<ry HH 'hsUrk- 
 ward and forward between their haildi, fi/e Is foon pro- 
 duced, nor Is it incitafed with Mfs celerity. , One of 
 the natives was frequently obferved to run alortg the 
 fca coaft, leaving fiiie in various placc^i. The method 
 takr.i<-(>do this wak asibllowit before he fct off, h^ 
 WRippcl up a lit^e ^pOtk ^f fire in dry grafs. and the 
 ^ulckncrsof (lis mptlo/i (b6n nnning it into a flame! 
 he then placed it un the Kround, and putting a t^rk df 
 it in anoi^er bit of grafs ran on again, and Increafcq 
 thenumbei of his fires at pUafure. Thefe. firet were 
 fuppoTed to I'e intended fyt the taking of (he kiihsLU- 
 toOt u that animal wm fo verv % of £rc. tliait wtien 
 purfucdbythe dogs, it would notcrofs da<e4 which 
 had been newly burnt, even when the fire wiia extin^ 
 gulfited. 
 
 The natives of New South Wales make ufe of fpeaia 
 or lances, but thefe arc very diflferqntly eoA^rv&fdi 
 thoft that were feen in the fouth^rn p^rts tjf ihe Cdgite 
 try had four* prongs, pointed' with bpiie, and barM< 
 and the points were riibbed Irithi kin<t of w»y. fK« 
 rmoothrtefs of whi<ih nude an eafieV pafliige in^ #hai; 
 was ftrtick by them. Oit the contrary, (he lancci in 
 the nofthei-n part» have only one ppmtt the mattt of 
 them arie of different lengthi, from eight to fourteen 
 feet, arc made of thie ftalk of a plant not unlike a bul- 
 rufh, aivl coi.afts of feveral joints let into eich other, 
 and tied togcthct. The points of thefe Unqei are fome- 
 tiines made of fifti-bone, and rometiihes of a hard 
 heavy wood ; they arc barbed with other pieces of wood 
 •r ftonc, fo that when thev have eiitercd any depth in 
 the bddy, they cannot be drawn out without tearing the 
 flcfli m a (hocking manner, or leaving, fp^hi^en behind 
 them. When the natives intend to \Voun<(at a confi- 
 dcrable diflance, thc); difchargc this inftniment w»th a 
 throwing ftick. but if the objcd be near th«n» it U 
 thrown from the hand only. The throwing ftick ii a . 
 piece of fmooth, hard, red wood, half an inch thick, i 
 two inches broad, and about three feet in Icmrth, hav- 
 "^B^croh piece near four in'.he* long atone end, and 
 « rmair knob at the otiier. A fmallTiollow il made in 
 the pjaft of the lance, near the po>int, and iii thia M- 
 
 }f llii ^S?'*i* •^?«'««''^. but. onbeing forced feiwarj, 
 wi I eafi y fl,p ft^ ij, Thp |,„cel)el«g pli^cd on 
 
 S"»,'''7^"«. «!«««. the Indian holds TtVer his 
 ftjoulder, (hakes «, an<f then throws both lapce aiid i 
 ffick with hi. utroo^ power, but a* the croliVS ' 
 flrikrs the (houfder the fuddcn jerk flop, the fSS 
 
 « 
 
 while the lam-c ia <kiv«M forward «vbk M«it||>i l)l|i- 
 diiy, and i.i generitlly fo i^ll sitiicd, that a mNl|«ia|| 
 the dillance of lilty y^nls n more certainly flruc|(MiMlI 
 it than by a bullet front i|\|[un. Thefe people npiiiiai 
 uCe of (hields made of thii&rk of trees, of abou^vlglMl 
 teen inches broad, and thiee feet long. Many iwM 
 were feen frmn whence the bark had been ta|VM, tM' 
 others on which the (likklcwerc cut out but not jaXfl' 
 away. In the nor^berV'^fTts of this country, the (,'a<4 
 noes are formed by h«i(la«t^ig (he trunk of a.jre«t'|in4 
 it wa.1 comcClwrcJ, iKai, this operation mult have been 
 pertormi-cl by fire, m th«,niBlivcs did not appear i^.^hiw^' 
 any indrumcntt prouci (pt the purpofe. Tho,',c4mm' 
 arc in length aboi^t. rourieci) feet, and fo narrow^ thliy 
 ihcy would he frequently overfct, but that they are pro- 
 vided with an out-rigger. The natives row them with 
 
 laadifs, uiititf RothTiiiRfi trrtfm fitiHNiyfWM. T»i» 
 
 canoTfi in the louthcrn parts arc forincu only of a piece 
 /of bftrk foMK yards long, fadened tO(;ethcrat each end, 
 irid Cn* midtlle kept open by pieces of wood, palTing 
 from (idc tq lide. In deep wjiter ihefc arc rowed by 
 paddles, of about a foot and a half in length, the 
 J rower ha'ylm; one in each hand, but in ftmll/'w water 
 they are pultled forward hy means of a long IKtk, As 
 thefe vcliels are extrenicly light, and d;aw very little 
 water, the Indians rdH (ham on tM'Atdd Uriks in fqirc^ 
 of Ih^ll-fiih, ionic 6f which, it » proMbfif. 'they ftoif 
 and eat OS foon at they i^re ukcn, as it was femarked 
 th.it. ill the centre of thefe VelTeU there was ufuallv a 
 Hre burning on a quantitv of (fca-We<d. The nativea 
 hive no toon but a wooden mallet, « kind of wedge. 
 ind an adz^, itiade of ^qtul whh (ome jiUceis of toMi 
 ind (hells, wW^msy pofllBlir he'abplftdf'<6 iti'c pii^ 
 pofes tif tuhing. They polilh th^ pdhts of tMW 
 lances, tfld their throwing.flicka, with rhe (hrret^ * 
 tree that app^^ri to be the wild fig, whith bittn widt ff 
 (har^efs. a1tti(]f(V equal to that Of a raQ). Fcrtir pt^^ 
 pteff/e the greatelt ttumber that a catioe Will MHtaim 
 arvT ^hehnW than thiit iiUmber were' to Wrf a river; 
 thrc^ were liindMoui;of the firft frelc^t, ihd bnemM 
 went b^ckfbrtW tell'. 
 
 
 ;0LIAIU». 
 
 ■'■ ••; >'A'- 
 
 - 'Jii? Id sirh 
 
 I'll i: tt.4.' tti. , 
 
 (. ; ( 
 
 «II'.,.:.'. 
 
 thf MIowing may fervc aa a fpeclmet) of their hn< 
 
 gai&e. ■ ■•'.•■ ■'■ •'• • ' • ■ 
 
 mW HouAHp. ' ' EMOirsH.i'^', ''^' 
 
 fbe Arms. ' ' ' 
 
 A mm. ' 
 
 Thenoft. 
 
 A father. ' ' 
 
 Ttbt thumbs. ' 
 
 Thtfeet. 
 
 fbe crofWH of the head. 
 That or Ibis. ' 
 Tbe/uH. 
 the eye-hvws. 
 rbeielly. 
 nefiy. 
 Tbf nails. 
 To/u'im. 
 Fire. , • 
 Togo. 
 The bands. 
 %hf eyes. 
 Tbe ears. 
 To dance. 
 Tbebatk. 
 Tbe throat; 
 ''be hair of tbe bead. 
 A woman. 
 The teetb. 
 tbe little inrer. 
 Tbelegs. » 
 
 Tbe-fyrebead. 
 Earth.' ■ 
 
 Bamrtu, 
 Bonjoo, 
 Bppta, 
 ChticblL , 
 
 W :. 
 
 Coyori ' 
 
 doombOb^' 
 
 Dunjo, 
 
 Eboorbalga; 
 
 Edamal, , 
 
 Eiyamdiiey 
 
 Eya&ba, 
 
 Galan, 
 
 Garbar, 
 
 Gippa, 
 
 Kcre, 
 
 Koike. 
 
 Kfailelel. 
 
 Maiantlnj^ 
 
 Marra, 
 
 Mangal, 
 
 Meuf. 
 
 Melea, 
 
 Mingtioit* 
 
 Mocoo, 
 
 Mprcol, 
 
 Mofeie, 
 
 Mootjel, 
 
 Mulere, 
 
 Nakil. 
 
 FSe^'**' 
 Poapoa, 
 
 ii 
 
 ^. 
 
'[■ 
 
 jya.'.utoU aril 
 
 
 -'NtfW, HoifAMP. 
 
 Mbrai. ^ .•■""! '^v^T ■•> 
 
 PUtal. 
 
 Tabuggp, 
 
 T«aU, 
 
 Te. 
 
 Teimapukc. 
 
 Tocaya, 
 Tumurre, 
 
 Unjar, 
 
 EmcIish. 
 nthueu 
 
 He {bin. 
 
 Vhe bole made in ibe tuflrih 
 far the htme urnamtnt, 
 
 SildffWH, 
 
 AJkn. 
 Tinr longue. 
 
 New EMDiAifD. 
 Wagcege^ 
 Wafloo^ "!? Kb i;i 
 Walter. :■' 
 Myboolboolk 
 Wonananid:. 
 Wulgar. 
 Yembc, 
 Zoocoo, ' 
 
 A' \ 
 
 £nociiii.- 
 TbiheaJ. 
 ' fbt ttmpin. • 
 Ththtatd. 
 Aiuttei^y. 
 
 Aflttp. :■ 
 
 thecltudt. 
 7be lipt. 
 l^otd. 
 
 Though It appeared evident' that the natives of 
 there idandi Avaged war with each other, by the wea- 
 pons they poflTclied, m not a wound received from 
 their enemies appeared on any part of their bodies. 
 
 BRsafs 
 
 m?T? 
 
 I-, I'. 'i 
 
 [it y 
 
 i<k< 
 
 . f t 
 
 % 
 
 ft ■ 
 
 C H A p. X. 
 
 Tbe Endeavour eonlinues ber tnyagefrom South Wales to New Guinea— Am account of incidents npm landing lbere~-Sbe 
 proceeds frm New Guinea to the i/lando/Savu—7ran/afiiims at this j/le—fts produce and inbahitanis, with afpecimeH of 
 their language— Run/rom Savu to Batavia — tranjaaions while the Endeavour was refit img at this place. 
 
 
 ON the 33d of Auguft, 1 770, in the afternoon, after 
 leaving Booby uland, we had light airs till five 
 o'clocl;;, when it fell calm, and we came to an anchor 
 in eight fathom water, with a foft fandy bottom. On 
 Friday, thf^ 34th, fQ9n: ^fter the anchor was weighed, 
 we got under uil, Peering N. W. and in a few Hours 
 9ne pf the |xiata a~l)ead made the fignal for a«9l-wa- 
 ter. We inftamly hrou^t the fhip to, with all her 
 fyjh (landii^ and a furvey being taken of the Tea 
 around her, it was found that (he had met with ano- 
 ther narrow efcapc, as Ihe was almoft cncompaiTed with 
 ihoals, and was likewifefo (ituated between them, that 
 ilie mu(^ have (truck before the boat's crew had m^dc 
 the fignal, if (lie had been half the length of a ciible 
 on either fide. In the afternoon we nude fail with the 
 ebb tide, and got out of danger before fun-fet, when 
 we brought to for the night. 
 
 On Sunday, the 36th, it was the Captain's inun- 
 tion to fiecr N. W. but having met with tho(c (hdals, 
 we altered our courfe, and loon got into deep water. 
 On the 27th we purfued our voyage, (hortening fail at 
 night, and tacking till day-breut of the 28tn, when 
 we (leered due N. in fearch of New Guinea. ' At this 
 time our latitude by obfervation was 8 dee. 53 min. 
 S. Wc here obferved manv parts of the fca co- 
 vered with a kind of brawn icum, to which our fair 
 lors g^ve the name of fpawn. It is formed of an in- 
 ciedible number of minute jMrticles, each of ifrhicb, 
 when feen through the microicope, was found tb'cdn^ 
 fift of a confiderable number of tubes, and thefe tubes 
 were fubdividcd into li'.de cells. The fcum being 
 burnt, and yielding no fmell like what is produced by 
 animal fubftances, we concluded it was of the vege- 
 table kind. This has often been feen on the coaft of 
 Brazil, imd ^rr-rally makes its appearance near the 
 land. A birj <.alled the Noddy was found this even- 
 ing ninong the rigging of the (hip. Land having been 
 this d.iy difcoverM from the mart head, we flood off 
 and on all night, and at day-break we failed towards it 
 with a brilk gale. Between fix and feven in the 'morn- 
 ing wc had fight of a fmall low ifland, at about a league 
 from the main, in latitude 80 deg. 13 min. S. aad 
 in longitude 22 1 deg. 35 min. W. and it has already 
 been diflinguilhcd by the names of Bartholomew and 
 VVhcrmoyfen. It appeared a very level ifiand, clothed 
 with trees, among which is the cocoatnut; and wc 
 judged it to be inhabited by the fmoke of the fires 
 which were feen in different parts of it. The boau 
 were now fent out to found, as the water was fiiallow; 
 biit as the fhip, in failing two leagues, had found no 
 increafc in its depth, fignals were made for the boats to 
 return on boai-d. We then flood out to fea till mid- 
 night, tacked, and flood in for land till the morning. 
 
 On Thurfday, the 30th, when about four leagues 
 diflant, we had fight of it, and its appearance was 
 
 I 
 
 ftill flat and woody. Abundance of the brown fcum 
 was m\ feen on the furface of the fea, and the failors. 
 convinced that it was not (pawn, gave it the whimfical 
 name of fea-faw-dufl. We now held a northwaid 
 courfe, fcarcely within fight of land, and as the wa- 
 ter was but juft deep enough to navigate the veflcl, 
 many unfuccefsfiil attempts were made to bring her 
 mar enoueh to get on (hore ; it was therefore deter- 
 mined to land in one of the boau, while the (hip kept 
 plying oir and on. In confequence of this ttfdution. 
 On Monday, Sept. the ^d, Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, 
 and Dr. Solander, attended by the boat's crew, and Mr. 
 Banks's fervant, fet off from the (hip in the pinnace, 
 bisin^ in all twelve perfons well armed. We rowed di- 
 redlly to the (hore, but when come within two hundred 
 yards of it, we found the water fo fliallow, that we 
 wereoDligcd to leave the boat, in thecareof twoof the 
 Tailors, and wade to land. We had no fooner reached 
 the fliore, than we faw feveral prints of human feet 
 on the Guid, below high w4ter mark, from whence it 
 Was evident, that the nativn had been. there. We 
 concluded they could be at no great dillance, iind as « 
 thick wood 6tme down within a hundred yards of the 
 water, we proceeded with caution, that our retreat to 
 the boat might not be cut off. We walked by the fide 
 bf thit wood, and came to a grove of cocotunut trees, 
 iiot far from which was a (hed, or hut, which had 
 been covered with leaves, and near it lay a number of 
 frefli' (hdls of the fruit. At a fmall diflance from t\is 
 place we found plantains; and having how advanced 
 about a quarter of a mile from the boat, three Indiana 
 rulhed out of the wood with a hideous (hout, at about 
 the diflance of a hundred yards { and as they ran to- 
 wards us, the foremofl threw fomething out of his 
 hand, which flew on one fide of him, and burnt ex» 
 a£lly like euti-powder, but made no re{>ort; and the 
 other two threw their lances at us. No time was to 'be 
 lofl : we difcharged our pieces, loaded with fmall fliot 
 only: which we imagine they did not feel ; for, with- 
 out rctrezting, they cafl a third dart: we. therefore now 
 loaded With oall, and fired a fecond time, It is pro- 
 bable fomeof them were wounded, as they all toolt t» 
 thcirheels with great agility. We improved this in- 
 terv;d, ny which the deflmdtion of the natives was no 
 tonger nece!1ary to our own defence, and with all ex- 
 pedition returned to our boat. In tfie way we per- 
 ceived fignals on board, that more Indians were coming 
 down in a body ; and before we got into the water, we 
 perceived feveral of them coming round a point at the 
 diflance of about five hundred yards. When they faw us 
 they halted, and feemed to wait till their main body 
 (hould join them. They continued in this (hitton, with- 
 out giving us any interruption, while we entered the wa- 
 ter, and waded toward tfie boat. We now took a view 
 of them at our leifure. They made much the fame ap-< 
 
 pearance 
 
COOK'S FIRST VOYAQB-^fbr faiakitig D^avtrh/iin ihc Boidb if«4> & Roupd >the World, jy 
 
 Bankf, 
 
 faetf»hce«nh«New HoMandtr^. bwng n»i*r of the 
 fame ftature, and having tMeIr hair flwrt cropped; 
 They were atfo like tlwm fthrk nalcM. Itonngihia 
 time they were (hduting K a diflance, and letting oflT 
 their flrts, which fiiettMd to be difchaiged by a IhoW 
 picct' oC (lick, probably »boMow cane, this being fwunc 
 ndeWays. pnjduced fire and fmoke like that occafloncd 
 by a mufquct. The ciew on board the (Wp tarn thia 
 ftrange appeanmce, and thought the native* had fire 
 armsr Tnofe who \ttnx out in the boat, and had rawed 
 a-breaft of thcifn, fkcd (bme murqucts above Uiclr 
 beads, the balls of which being heard by the natives 
 rattling among the trees, they retired very deliberately, 
 and our people In the boat returned to the (hip. Ujpon 
 examining tne lances that had biccn thrown at u», we 
 found they *erc made of a reed, or bamboo cane, the 
 points of whic*i wereof tnrd wood, and barbed in 
 many places. They were light, ill made, and about 
 ibur feet long. Such was the force with which they 
 were dirchat;ged, that they went beyond us, though we 
 were at fixty yards dil^ancc, but in what manner they 
 were difchargcd we could not determine ; probably they 
 might be thrown with a tlick, in the manner pradiccd 
 by the New Hollanders. Thia place is in latitude C 
 deg. >S nfi'O- S. The whole coaft of this country is 
 low land, but covered wiih a luxurmn--': of wood and 
 herbajrc bcyoixi defcription beautifu!. The cocoa>nut, 
 bread-fruit, and plancain-.trce, all flourifhed here in the 
 bigheCt pcrfcdiion, bcfidcs moft of the ttees, (hrubs, 
 and plants, that are common to the South Sea idands. 
 This day, Monday, Sept. the .^d, we made fail to the 
 U-^ftwafd, being rcfolved to fpend no more time upon 
 this coaK ; but before we got under fail, foine of the 
 irfBcers ftrongly uiged the Captain to fend a party of 
 mert'On (hore, to cut down the cocoa-nut trees, for 
 ihe'fiike of the fruit. This Capt. Cook, with equal 
 HsliAom and humanity^ peremptorily ixfufed; as unjoft 
 and cruel I (cnflble that the nooh Indians, whOcmilJ 
 not brook even the landing oJT^a fnialt party bn thtir 
 coall, wOuid have niade a vigorpua efiWt fo defend 
 their property hnd it been jnvaded i conftqOently many 
 mud nave fallen a facrificc on their fide, ^nd perhaps 
 fomeofourown people. " I Ihould (fays Capt. Cook) 
 have regretted vhe nccvdhy of flich a nncafbre, if i 
 had been in wanr Of th!e neceffaries of Xiftt^ and cer- 
 tamly it would have been highly criminal wh^n nothing 
 was to be obtained but two 6t three hundred green 
 cocoa-nuts; which wotrtd at moft have procured us a 
 mere tranfient gratification. I might indeed have pro> 
 cecded fitrther along the coatft to the Morthwatc^ or 
 wcdward in fearch of a place where tl^ Ihip might 
 have lain to near the flmre, as to cover the people with 
 her guns when they landed ; but this would have ob. 
 viatcd only part of the mifchief, and though it mi^ 
 have feciired us, it would probably in the veiv ad have 
 beenfotalto the natives. Befides, we hadreirfbnto 
 think that before fuch a place couM have been found, 
 we Ihould have been carried ib fiir to the weflward as 
 to have been obliged to go to Batavia, on the north 
 fide of Java, through die ftrei^hts of Sunday: the 
 (hip alfo was fO very leaky that i doubted whether it 
 would not be neceflary to heave her down at Btetavia, 
 which was another rcafon for making fhe beft of our 
 way to that place, efpecially as no dik;overies could be 
 cxpedcd in fcas which had already been navigatrd, and 
 Where every coaft had l>cen lai<J down by tne Dutch 
 gi^offraphers." 
 
 On Saturday the JJth, we paflcd two finall iflands. on 
 oneof which Capt. C«ok would have lancfed, bat hav- 
 ing only ten fathom water, die ground being alio rocky, 
 and the wind blowing frelh.Wc might have endangered 
 the firfcty of thd Ihlp. We now failed at a moderate 
 rate till next momit^ at three o'clock) after which we 
 had no ground with rao fathoms. Before m on we 
 had figlit of land, which was conjeftured to be either 
 the Arrou Iflands, or Timor Laoct. We were now in 
 latitude^ deg.37nrinS. and in longitude aij deg. 
 j4 min. W We ftoOd off' and on during the nigfe, | 
 and on Wcdnett.y the t ath, we faw a number of Ses ! 
 and fmoke m feveivl phiecs, fntm whence it 
 
 No. 9, * 
 
 con- 
 
 jaAititiAithDC; Ihl iAw< waa, lyejl peopled. The L|n^ 
 noar th« ihore wa» covered with high trees, not unlike 
 pines; iaither back imw cocpa-treca ^nd, manaroves; 
 there were mai^falt^Mtfer creeks, and ipvcral Ipots pf. 
 ground which appeared to have bi^cn cleared by art;;, 
 and the whole country ro(e, by gradual flopcs, into hilU, 
 of a very confiderable hip'ght. The .land and icx 
 bceeaes being now very (tight, we continued in fighc of 
 the ifland for two days, wnen it was obferved that the 
 hills reached in many places quite to the fea-coad, and 
 where that waa not ^e cafe, there were large and noblr; , 
 grove* oi the eacoa*nut tree, which ran aoout a mile, 
 up the country^ at which diltance great number<! of 
 houfcs and- plantations, were fcen; the planutions were 
 furrounded with fences, and extended nearly to the 
 fummitsof the moft lof^ hills, yet neither the nativea 
 nor cattle were feen on any of them, which was 
 thought a very extraordinary circumftance. Fine groves 
 of the fan-palm Ibadcd the houfes frouuhe rap of the 
 fun. 
 
 On the i6th> we had fight of the Uttlc ijland called 
 I Rotte ; and the fame day faw the ifland Semau, at a 
 diftance to the fouthward of Timor. The ifland of 
 Roctc is chiefly covered with bufliy wood without leaves; 
 but there arc a number of fan.palm trees on it, grow- 
 ing nearthefandv brie! :,{ and the whole coniuls of 
 alternate hills and valleys. Tne ifland of Scmau is not 
 fo hilly as Tinnor, but rciembles it greatly in other rcr 
 fpc^ At ten o'clock thi^ night a dull r^ddifh light 
 was fcen in the air, many paita of which emitted rays 
 of a brighter colour, which foon vaniflicd and wer^ 
 fucccedcd by othoraiof the fame bind. ,Thjs ph^o- 
 mcnoni which -reached about ten degnee^- aboy^ the 
 horitOn, bore a conflderablc reicmblanco to the Aurora 
 BorcaUs, only that the rays, of light vh^h it emitted 
 had no Uemulous motion; it was fi^rveyed fpr tyyt^ 
 hours, during which tiirife its br(g)itncfs continued uhr 
 dimini(hed< As the fbip was now clear of alt th^ 
 iflands which had been laid down in fpch maps at 
 were on board, we made fail during the night, an? 
 were furprifed the next morning at the fight of aiil 
 ifland to the W. S, W. which wc flattered (Hirfelve|i 
 was a ne* difcovery. Before noon we had fight of 
 houfes, groves of cocoa-nut trees, and large flocks of 
 ftieep. Thn was a welcome fight to people \yhofe 
 health was declining ibr want ofrefrc^nacnt, and ^t 
 was inftantly refolvra to attempt the purchaic of wha^t 
 we flood fo much in need ofi The fccond lieutenant 
 was inrunediatcly difpatched in the pinnacCj in fearcji 
 of a landing.placc ; and he took with him fuch things 
 as it was thought might b^ acceptable to the lutives.--- 
 Ouriiig Mr. Gore's abfcnce, the people on board hyt 
 two men on horfeback upon the hills, who frequently ' 
 flopped to take a view of the veflel. Thp (lieutenant 
 (bon returned with an account that he had entered a 
 little cove, near which flood a few houfes; that feveral 
 men advanced and invited him to land ; and that t^ey 
 converfed together as well as they could by %ns. He 
 reponed that thcfc pewie were very like the Malays, 
 both in perfon and drefs; and faid they had no other 
 amu but a knife which each of them wore in his girdle. 
 
 The lieutenant not being able to find any place in 
 which the ftiip might come to anchor, he was difpatch- 
 ed again with mpney and goodi to buy fuch neceflai- 
 ries as were immediately wanted for the fick. Dr. 
 Sotonder attended the lieutenant, and during their ab- 
 fence, the ihip ftood on and oif the Ihore. Soon after 
 the boat had put off, two other horfemen were feen 
 from the (hip, one of whom had a laced hat on, and 
 was dreflicd in a coat and waiftcoat, of the fafliion of 
 Europe. Thefe men rode about on (hare ukiog little 
 noticeof the boat, but regarding the fliip with the ut« 
 nioft attention. As foon as the ooat reached theflwre, 
 fome other perfons on horfeback, and naany on foot 
 hafleiKd to the fpot, and it wiu obiCrryitd that fome co- 
 coa-nuts were put into the boat; front whence it was 
 concluded, that a traffick hael cboMntaced with the na- 
 tives. A fignai being made from the boat that tjie 
 fliip might anchor in a bay laC fonie diftance, flic im- 
 mcdiaieV boire away for it. When the lieutenant came 
 
 T OR 
 
 1 
 
 » 
 
 
 &;'' 
 
 -: ■'< 
 
 ilvJ 
 
 Wi-. 
 

 H 
 
 C«pt. C a O K'l ,V.O Y A O ^:rS, C OMlViL B T E. 
 
 ' ~ — •- — ' — ■ ■ 
 
 !u 
 •11 
 
 »tf 
 
 tin buai-d, hereported^ that he couM not purChafcany 
 cocoa-n> ts, as tMbwnerof them wni ablcnt, and that 
 what he had brought were ^iven him, in return for 
 which he hkd prcfled the natives with fome linen. The 
 incthfld by which he learned that there was a harbour 
 ih the neighbourhood, was by the natives drawing a 
 Kind of rude map on the rand, in which the harbour, 
 ahd a town near it, was reprerented; it was likcwife 
 hinted to him, that fruit, fowls, hogs, and (hccp might 
 be there obtiiincd in great abundance. He faw fcveral 
 of the prirt<iipal inhabitants of the ifland, who had 
 chains of gold about their neck«> and wore fine linen. 
 The word 'Portuguefe beine frequently repeated by the 
 Indians, it was conjeifluretTthat Tome natives nf Portu- 
 gal were in the ifland, and one of the boat's crew being 
 if that kingdom, he fpoke to the iflandcrs in his own 
 language, but foon found that they had only learned a 
 few words, of which they did not know the meaning. 
 While the natives were endeavouring to reprcfent the 
 lltu^tion of the town near the harbour, one of them, in 
 order to be more particular in diredlions, informed the 
 £ngli(h that they would fee fomething which he endea- 
 voured to defcribc by placing his fingers acrofs each 
 other ; and the Portuguefe failor took it for granted, 
 that he could mean nothing but a crofs. When the 
 boat's ctew were on the point of returning to the (hip, 
 the gentleman who had been fcen on horlcback in the 
 drcis of Europe, came down to the beach : but the 
 lieutenant did not think it proper to hold a conference 
 with him, becauTc he had left his eommifllon on board 
 thcfhip. 
 
 When the (hip had entered the bay, in the evening, 
 according to the diredlions received, an Indian town 
 was feen at a diflance; upon which a jack was hoifted 
 on the forc-top>nia{l head, prcfently afterwards three 
 ^uns were fired, and Dutch colours were hoiftcd in 
 the town ; the fliip, however, held on her way, and 
 came to an anchor at feven in the evening. Th« co- 
 lours being ieen hoiftcd on the beach the next morning, . 
 the captain Concluded, that the Dutch had a rcttlcmcnt 
 on the idand, he therefore difpatched the fccond lieu- 
 tenant to acquaint the governor, or other principal re- 
 lident, who they were, and that the (hip had put in for 
 nece(rary refrelbmems. The lieutenant having landed, 
 he was received by a kind of guard of fomething more 
 than twenty Indians, armed with mufquets, who after 
 they 'id ttikeh down their colours from the beach, pnv 
 ceeded without the lead military order; and thus ef- 
 corted him to the town, where the coloura had been 
 hoifted the preceding evening. The lieutenant was 
 now conduced to the Raja, or king of the illand, to 
 whom, by means of a P«rtugucfe inteipreter, he made 
 known his bufinefs. The Raja faid, he was ready to 
 fupply the (hip with the necelTiry refrcihments, but that 
 he could not trade with any other people than the 
 Dutch, with whom he was in alliance, without having 
 firfl obtained their confent ; he added, however, that 
 he would make application to the Dutch agent, who 
 was the only white man among them. To this agent, 
 whofenamc was Lange, and who proved to be the per- 
 fon that M'as fecn from the (hip in the European dre(s, 
 a letter was difpatched, and in a few hours he came to 
 the town, behaved politely to the lieutenant, and told 
 him he might buy what he thought proper of the inha- 
 bitants of the ifland. This offer being freely made, and 
 readily accepted, the Raja and Mr. Lange intimated 
 their wiQics to go on board the (hip, and that two 
 of the boat's crew might be left as ho(lages for their 
 fafc return. The lieutenant gratified them in both 
 thefe requefls, and took them on board juft before din- 
 ner was ferved. It was thought that they would have 
 fat down without ceremony ; but now the Raja in- 
 timated his doubts, whether being a black, they would 
 permit himte (it down with them. The politcnefs of 
 the officers foon removed his fcruples, and the greateft 
 good humour and feftivity prevailed among them. As 
 Dr. Solander and another gentleman on board, were to- 
 lerable proficients in Dutch, they afled as interpreters 
 between Mr. Lange and the officers, while fome of the 
 failofs, who undcrftood Portuguefe, converfcd with 
 
 fodi of the Raja's «ttcnd«Ars te fpoke that language. 
 Ofar dinner connflcd chiefly of mutton, which when the 
 Raja had tailed, he requdted of ua an Ei^lilh theep, 
 and the onl^ one we had left was prefent^ to him. 
 Our complaifance in this particular, encouraged the 
 king to aik for an Englifh dog. and Mr. Banks potitely 
 ^ve him his grevhound. A mying glafs was alfo put 
 into his hand, Mr. Johan Chriifopher Lange having in- 
 timated, that fuch a prefent would be very accepublr. 
 Our vifitors now informed us, that the ifland abound, 
 ed with buffaloes, (heep, hogs, and fowls, plenty of 
 which (hould be driven down to the fliore the next day. 
 This put us all in hi«;h fpirits, and the liquor circu- 
 lated rather faftcr than either the Indians or the SateoA 
 could bear j but they had, however, the refolution to 
 exprefs a dcfire to depart, before they were quite in- 
 toxicated When they came upon deck, they were re- 
 ceived in the fame manner as when they came aboard, 
 by the nurines underarms; and the Raja exprefling a 
 defire to fee them exercife, his curiofity was gratified. 
 They fired three rounds. The king obferved them 
 with great attention, and appeared much furprized at 
 the regularity and expedition of their manoeuvres. 
 When they cocked their firelocks, he ftruck the fide 
 of the (hip with his flick, exr!aiming at the fame time 
 violently, " that all the locks made but one click." 
 They were difmifTcd with n»ny prefents, and on their 
 departure were faluted with nine guns. Mr. Banks with 
 Dr. Solander accompanied them, and when they put 
 off returned our compliments with three cheers. Our 
 gentlemen on their arrival at the town, uftcd their 
 palm-wine, which was the frefh juice of the trees, un. 
 fermented. It had a (weet, but not difagreeabie tafle, 
 and hopes were entertained, that it might contribute 
 to recover our fick from the fcurvy. The houfcs of the 
 natives confifled of only a thatched roof, fupported over 
 a boarded floor, by pillars about four feet high. 
 
 Wedncfday the 19th, in the morning, Capt. Gwk, 
 attended by feveral gentlemen, went on (hore to return 
 the Raja's vifit ; but tneir principal intention was to pur- 
 chafe the cattle and fowls, which they had been affured 
 the preceding day Ibould be driven down to the 
 beach. We were greatly chagrined at finding no ° fteps 
 had been taken to hilfil this promife: however, we pro- 
 ceeded to the houfe of aflemUy, which, with a few 
 other houfcs, built by the Dutch Eaft India Company, 
 arediftinguifhcd from the reft, by having two pieces of 
 wood, reiembling a pair of cows homs, fixed at each 
 end of the roof; and thefe we concluded to be what the 
 portuguefe (ailor conftrued into croflTes, from the Indian 
 having crofTcd his fingers when he was defcribing the 
 town. At the houfe of aflfembly we faw Mr. Lange 
 and the Raia, whofe name wu A Madocho Lomi Djara, 
 furrounded by many of the principal people; Capt. Cook 
 having informed them, that he had loaded his boat with 
 goods, which he wilhed to exchaiwe for nece(rarv re- 
 m(hments, permiflion was given him to land them. 
 We now endeavoured to make an agreement for the 
 hogs, (heep, and buffiiloes, which were to be paid for 
 in caih; but this bufinefs was no fooner hinted than 
 Mr. Lange took his leave, having firft told the captain, 
 that he had received a letter from the governor of Ccm- 
 cordia, in Timor, the contenu of which (hould be dif- 
 dofed at his return. As the morning was now fiir ad- 
 vanced, and we had no fre(h provifions on 'ooard, we 
 requefted the Raja's permiflion to buy a fmall ho^ and 
 fome rice, and to order his people to drcfs the dinner 
 for us. He very obligingly replied, that if we could eat 
 vidhials drefTed bv his fubjeAs. which he could fcarcely 
 fuppofe. he would do himfelf the honour of entertain- 
 ing us. A dinner being thus procured, the captain fent 
 off his boat to bring liquors from the (hip. It was 
 ready about five o'clock, and after we were feated on 
 mats, which were fpread oi\the fk»r, it was ferved in 
 fix and thirty bafkets. We were then conduced by 
 turns to a hole in the fkwr, near which ftood a man 
 with water in a velTel, made of the leaves of the 
 fan-palm, who aflifted us in wafhing our hands. This 
 done wc returned to our places and exported the king. 
 Havirac waited fome time, wc enquired the reafon of his 
 
 abfence. 
 
COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Di/cwefiei in the South Seas & Round tlic World. 75 
 
 abTcnce, and were informed that the pcifon who gave 
 the entertainment never partook of it with his guefti ; 
 but that the Raja wa« ready to come and taftc oT whit 
 waa provided, if we entertained (thought that the vic- 
 tuals were poifoned. . We declared that we did not 
 hai;bour any fuch fufpicion, and defired that the cuftom 
 of the country might not be violated on our account. 
 When dinner was ended, the wine pafled brifkly, and 
 we invited the Raja to drink with ui. thinking if he 
 would not eat with us, he might at leaft (hare in the 
 jollity of the bottle 1 but he aeain cxcufed himfeif, fay- 
 ing, the man who entertained his guefts (hould never 
 get drunk with them, and that the fureft way to avoid 
 §iis was to refrain from tailing the liquor. The prime 
 minidcr and Mr. Lange were of our party, and wc 
 made a moft luxurious meal. The pork and rice were 
 excellent, and the broth not to be dcfpifcd 1 but the 
 fpoons. made of leaves, were fo fmall, that few ofus had 
 patience to ufe them. Wc did not drink our wine at 
 the place where wc had dined t and the remains of the 
 dinner we left to the Teamen and fervants, who im> 
 mediately took our places. They could not difpatch 
 all wc had left ; but the Rasa's female fervants, who 
 came to take avay the utenflls, obliged them to carry 
 away what they had not eaten. -When we thought the 
 wine had fo far operated as to open the hc.irt, we took 
 an opportunity to enquire after the buffaloes and flieep, 
 of which we had not in all this time heard a fyllablc, 
 though they were to have been at the beach early in the 
 morning. Mr. Lange, the Saxon Dutchman, now be- 
 gan to communicate to us the contents of the letter, 
 which he pretended to have received from the gover> 
 nor of Concordia, and wherein he faid, inflrudions were 
 given, that if the (hip (hould touch at this iiland, and 
 be in want of provifions, (he (hould be fupplicd; but he 
 was not to permit her to remain longer than was neccf- 
 fary; nor were any large prefcnts to be made to the na- 
 tives of low rank, nor to be even left with their fuperi- 
 prs to be divided among them after the (hip had failed; 
 but he added.any trifling civilities received from the In- 
 dians might be acknowledged by a prefent of beads, 
 or other articles of very fmall value. It is probable 
 that the whole of this (lory was a fi&ion ; and that 
 by precluding our liberality' to the natives, the Saxon 
 Dutchman hoped more eafily to draw all the prefents 
 of any value into his own pocket. In the evening wc 
 were informed, that only a few (hecp had been brought 
 to the beach, which had been driven away before our 
 people could procure money from the (hip to pay for 
 them. Some fowls however were bought, and a iaige 
 quantity of a kind of fyruip made of trie juice of the 
 palm-tree. This, tho(4;h infinitely fuperbr to molaflcs 
 or treacle, fold at a very low price. Vexed at being 
 thus difappointed in purchaflng the chief articles moft 
 wanted, we remondrated with Mr. Lange, who now 
 found another fubterfiige. He faid. had we gone down 
 to the beach ourfelves, we might have purchafed what 
 .we pleafed t but that the natives were afraid of being 
 impofed on by our Teamen with counterfeit money. 
 We could not but feel fome indignation againll a man 
 who had concealed this, being truej or aliedgcd it, 
 being falTei and Capt. Cook repaired immediately to 
 jhe beach, but no cattle were to be feen, nor were any 
 at hand to be bought. During his abfence. Lange 
 told Mr. Banks, that the Indians were offended at our not 
 having offered them gold for what we had to Tell, and 
 without which nothing could be bought. Mr. Banks 
 did not think it worth nis while to hold farther conver- 
 Tation with a man who had been guilty of fuch repeated 
 falfities; but rofe up fuddenly, and we all returned on 
 board much diiratisfied with our fruitlefs negociations. 
 The Raja^had indeed eiven a more plauiiblc reafon for 
 our difappointmcnt: he faid, the buffaloes being far up 
 in the country, there had not been lime to bring them 
 .down to the Ijcach. 
 
 On Tburfday the aoth. Dr. Solander went again 
 alhore with Capt. Cook, and while the former went up 
 to the town to (peak to Lange, the captain remained on 
 the beach wiOj a view of purchafing provifions. Here 
 he met with tiic old Indian, who, as he appeared to 
 
 have Tome authority, we had among ourfelves diftin- 
 guiflied by the name of the Prime Mmilter. In order 
 to engage this man in our intereft, the captain prefentcd 
 him with a fpyinc-glafs t but only a Tmall buffalo was 
 offered to be fold. The price was five guineas, nearly 
 twice its real value. Three, however, were offered, 
 which the dealer thought a good price \ hut faid, he muft 
 acquaint the king with what had been bid before he 
 could ftrike the bargain. A mcircnger was immediate- 
 ly difpatched to the Raja, and on nis return brought 
 word, that not Icfs than five guineas would be taken lor 
 the buffalo. The captain abfolui !y refufed to give the 
 fum demanded, which occafioned the fending away a 
 fccond meffcnger, and during his >;nce. Dr. Solander 
 was feen coming from the town^ followed by above a 
 hundred men, fome of whom were armed with inuf- 
 quets, and others with lances. Upon enquiring into 
 the meaning of this hoftile apfiearance, the do(£tor in- 
 formed us, thcpurpon of a meffage from the king was, 
 according to Mr. Lange's interpretation, that the peo- 
 ple >vould not trade with us becaufe we had refuTcd to 
 Sive them more than half the value for their commo- 
 ities ; and tha( we were not to cxpedl pcrmiflion to 
 trade upon any terms longer than this day. 
 
 A native of Timor, wTiofe parents were Portuguefe, 
 came down with this party, and delivered to the cap- 
 tain what was pretended to be the order of the Raja, 
 and which was in Tubffance the Tame that Lange had 
 told Dr. Solander ; but it was afterwards difcovered 
 that this man was a confident of Lange's in the fcheme 
 of extortion. The Englifh gentlemen had at the fame 
 time no doubt but that the TuppoTed order of the Raja 
 was a contrivance of thefc men, and while they were 
 debating how to adi: in this critical conjuncflure, anxious 
 to bring the affair to a Tpccdy iffuc, the PortugueTc be- 
 gan to drive away Tuch of the natives as had brought 
 Calm-fyrup and fowls to Tell, and others who were now 
 ringing Iheep and buffaloes to the market. At this 
 juncture Capt. Cook happening to look at the old man 
 who had been diffinguiihed by the name of prime mi- 
 niffer, imagined that he (aw in his features a diTappro- 
 bation of the prefent proceedings; and, willing to im- 
 prove the advantage, he graTped the Indian's hand, and 
 gave him an old broad-Tword. This well-timed preTent 
 produced all the good effeds that could be wilhed; the 
 prime miniffer was enraptured at to honourable a mark 
 of diftiniStion, and brandi(hiiu; his fword over the head 
 of the impertinent Portugueie, he made both him and 
 a man who commanded the party, (it down behind him 
 on the ground. The whole bufinefs was now accom* 
 plilhedi the natives, eager to fupply whatever was 
 wanted, brought their cattle in for fale, and the market 
 was foon (locked. For the firff two buffaloes, Capt. 
 Cook gave ten guineas: but he afterwards purchaud 
 them by way of exchange, giving a mufquet for each, 
 and at this rate he might have bought any number he 
 thought proper. There remained no doubt but that 
 Lange had a profit out of the two that were Toldj and 
 that liis reaTon for having Taid the natives would take 
 nothing but gold for their cattle, was, that he might the 
 more eafily fljare in the produce. Capt. Cook pur- 
 chafed of the natives of this ifland Tome hundred gal- 
 lons oTpalm-fyrup, a fmall quantity of garlick, a large 
 number of eggs, fome limes and cocoa-nuts, thirty 
 dozenof fowls, three hogs, fix flicep, and nine buffaloes. 
 We'haviiMf obtained thefe neceffary articles, now pre- 
 pared for (ailing from this place. 
 
 The ifland of Savu is fituated in 10 deg. 35 min. S. 
 latitude, and 237 deg. 30 min. W. longitude. Its 
 length is between twenty and thirty miles. But its 
 breadth Capt. Cook could not afcertain, as he only Taw 
 the north fade of it. The harbour in which the (hip 
 lay, was called Seba, from a diftriA of the country (o 
 denominated : and there arc two other bays on diff.:rcnt 
 parts of the ifland. At the time the Endeavour lay 
 there it was near the end of the dry Tcafon, when it had 
 not rained Tor alinoll Tevcn months, nor was there a run- 
 ning flream oT frefli water to be Teen, and the natives 
 were fiipplicd only by Tmall Tprings, fituated at a diT- 
 tance up the country, yet even in this dry TeaTon the 
 
 appearance 
 
 'S\ 
 
 !? 
 
mmam 
 
 mfHim 
 
 76 
 
 Capt. C O O K'l 
 
 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 tSM' 
 
 
 !('?»' 
 
 
 m-i '^ 
 
 appearance of the ifland was beautiful. Near the coad 
 the land lirs level, and well cloathed with palm* called 
 Arccao.and cocoa-nut trees. Farther oflP, the ground 
 rifes in the moll gradual afcenr, and is covered with 
 fair palm trees even to the tops of the hills, fo as to 
 prefcnt a regular grove to the view. The reini in thik 
 country ceafc in March or April, and fall again in Odlo- 
 bcr or November, and thcfc rains produce abundance 
 of indico, millett, and maize, which grow beneath the 
 fineft trees in the. country. Befides tncfc articles, the 
 idand produces tobacco, cotton, betel, tamarinds, limes, 
 oranges, mangoes, guinea corn, rice, callcvances, and 
 water-melons. A fmall quantity of cinnamon was fcen; 
 and fome European herbs, fuch as garlick, fennel, celery, 
 and marjoram, befides which, there are ti-utts of various 
 kinds, and particularly the blimbi, which has a (harp 
 tnfte, and is a fine pickle, but it is not eaten raw 1 its 
 length is from 3 to 4 inches; it is nearly as thick as a 
 man's thumb, of an oval form, covered with a very thin 
 flcin, of a very light green, and contains a number of 
 feeds ranged in the fnapc of a ftar. Scveriil biifTalocs 
 were feen on this idand which were almoft as large as 
 an OX; and from a pair of enormous horns of this ani 
 mal, which Mr. Banks faw, it was fiippofcd that fome 
 of them were much larger; yet t'hey did not weigh more 
 than half as much as an ox of the fame fize ; having 
 loft the greater part of their flcfh through the late 
 dry weather: the meat however was juicy, and of a 
 delicate flavour. The horns of thcfc animals bend 
 backwards; they had notkw-laps, andfcarceany hair 
 on their fTcins, and their ears were remarkably large. 
 The other tame animals on the ifland are dogs, cats, 
 pigeons, fowls, hogs, goats, fhcep, affcs, and horfes. 
 Few of the horfes arc above twelve hands high, yet they 
 tire full of mettle, and pace naturally in an cxpediti-° 
 CMS manner: the natives ride thetri with a halter only. 
 The hogs of this country are fed on the hu'fts of rice 
 and palm-fyrup mixed with water, and arc remarkably 
 fine and fat. The flieep is not unlike a gbat, and arc 
 rticreforc called Cabaritos; their ears, which arc long, 
 hang down under their horns; thci* nofcs ire archecl, 
 and their bodies covered with' Hair. The fowls are of 
 the game kind; and though they are /hther lame, the 
 hen i«ys a very fmall egg. T|ic fca coaft furnifhes the 
 inhabitants with turtle, but not in any great abund- 
 ance. 
 
 The people of this iflbnd are rather below the mid- 
 dle ftature; their hair is black and Rrait, and petfons 
 of all ranks, as well thole that are expofed to tV ■' wea- 
 ther, as thofe that arc not, have one general comp.exion, 
 which is the dark brown. The men are well formed 
 and fprightly, and their features dificr much from each 
 other: the women, on the contrary, have all one fetof 
 features, are very Ihott, and broad built. The men 
 have (ilver pincers hanging by firings round their 
 necks, with which they pluck out the hair of their 
 beards ; and both men and women root out the hair 
 that grows under their arms; the hair of the womens 
 heads is tied in a club behind, while the men wear a 
 kind of turtMn on their heads, formed of muflin, cotton, 
 or even with lilk handkerchiefs, but the heads of the wo- 
 men have no covering. The drefs of the men confifh of 
 two pieces of cotton cloth, one of which is bound round 
 the middle, and thclowtredgeof it bcii.g drawn pretty 
 light between the legs, the upper edge is left loofc, (o 
 as to form a kind of pocket, in which they carry knives 
 and other things : the'other piece being paft under the 
 former on the back of the wearer, the ends of it are 
 carried over the fllouldeh, and tucked into the pocket 
 before. The women drew the upper edge of the piece 
 round the waift tight, while the IbWer edge dropping to 
 the knees, make a kind of petticoat: the other pftce of 
 cloth is faflened acrofs the hreatt, and under the arms. 
 This cloth, which is manufafhired by the natives, is 
 dyed blue while in the y^rn ; and as it is of various 
 Ihadn, it»h)ok. viYvta it comn to be worn, is very 
 beautiful. 
 
 Their ornaments are very numerous, and confift of 
 ntofl, be^s worn round the neck and on the wrifts, 
 aii?chain» of plaited gold wire, are lUcewife worn by 
 
 both fcxcs;-but the women had likcwift girdles at 
 beads round their waifts, whd h fcrved to keep up their 
 petticoats. Both fexes had tTiCir cart bored w ithoUt 4 
 lingle exception, that we fliw, but we never obrcrve* 
 an ornament in any of them'. Nor did wc perceive 
 cither man or woman in any thing but what appeared 
 to be their ordfnriry OnPs, except tftc king and his mi- 
 nifter, who in general wore a kind of night gown of 
 coarfe (Chintz, and the fatter once received us in a black 
 robe, which appeared to be made of prince's llulF. 
 One perfbn, in the way of finery, had a filvcr-headed 
 cane, marked with a kind of cypher, confift ing of iHe 
 Roman letters V.O.C. which might have been trprefvnt 
 from the Dutch Eaft India Company, whofc mark it is* 
 Wc alfo faw boys about twelve or fotirtcen years old, 
 having fpiral circles of thick brafs wire pofl'cd three or 
 four times round theitarms, above thcelfjow; and up<»ii 
 the fame part of the arm, fome of the men had ringi 
 of ivory, two inches broad, and about one in thickncfs; 
 thcfe we were inlbrrTted were the fom of the Raja's or 
 chiefs, whofe high births were diftinguifhed by thefe 
 cumbrous ornamems. > Moft of the men haa their 
 names marked on their arms, and the wohien had ■ 
 fquarcornameiuofflouriftied line? imprinted jufl under 
 the bend of the elbow. On enquiry it was found that 
 this pradlice had been common among the Indians long 
 bcfoi-e they were vifited by any Eitroprans; and in the 
 neighbouring iftands, it was faid, the inhabitants were 
 marked with circles upon their necks and breaftS;. We 
 Were ftnick with the fimilitude between thefe marks, 
 and thofe made by tattowing in the South Sea iflandsj 
 and M. UofTu's account of fome Indians who dwell on 
 the banks of Akanza, a river in Ndrth America, WhiVh 
 falls into the MifTiftippi, will aflPord a probable con- 
 jeclurc how the operation is perfbrflird. « The Alkan- 
 zas," fays he, " have adopted me, and a^ a mark of my 
 privilege, have imprinted the figure of a roc-buck upon 
 my thigh, which was done in this manner: an Inoian 
 having burnt fome ftraw, diluted the afhes with wa- 
 ter, and with this mixtnre. drew the figure upon my 
 fkin ; he then retraced it, by pricking the lines with 
 needles, fo as at every puntflurc juft to draw the blood, 
 and the blood mixing with the afhe» of the ftraw, 
 forms a figure which can never be eflaced." 
 
 The houfes of SaVu are all built upon the fame plan, 
 but diflerinfite. according to the rank and wealth of 
 the proprietors, being from twenty feet to four hun- 
 dred, and they are fixed on pol^s of about four or five 
 feet from the ground. One end of thefe is drivien 
 into the ground, and upon the other is laid a floor of 
 wood, which makes a vacant fpace of four feet between 
 the floor of the houfe and the ground. On this floor 
 are raifcd other pillars that fupport a roof of flopine 
 (ides, which meet in a ridge at the top, like thofe of 
 our bams ; the caves of this roof, which is thatched 
 with palm leaves, reach within two feet of the floor, 
 and over-hang it as much. The fpace within is gene- 
 rally divided Icngthwifc into three equal parts; the mid- 
 dle part, or center, is inclofed by a partition of four 
 fides, reaching about fix feet above the floor, and one 
 or two fmall rooms are alfb fbmetimes taken off from 
 the fides ; the reft of the fpace under the roof is open, 
 fo as freely to admit the air and the light. The paitio 
 cularufcsof thefe apartments we could nor, during our 
 (hort ftay, learn, except that the clofb room in the cen- 
 ter wjls appropriated to the women. 
 
 As to the fiaod of thefe people, they cat all the tame 
 animals to be found in the ifland ; but they prefer thb 
 hog to all others ; next to this they admire horfe-fleftis 
 to vt'hich fucceeds the bufl^lo, then poultry; and they 
 
 firefer cats and dogs to goats and flicrp. Fifh, we be- 
 ievc, is not eaten but by the poor, nor by them, except 
 when their duty or bufinefs requim them to be upon 
 the bcaCh, and then each man has a light cafting net, 
 which is girt round his body, and with this he takea 
 any fmall fifh which may come in his way. 
 
 The moft remarkable and ufefbl tree that grows on 
 the ifland is the fan-palm. Its ufes are 'b various, that 
 it requires particular notke. At certain times it ii a 
 fuccedaneam forall other fflod both to man and beafV. 
 
 A kind 
 
 
cook's first voyage— for makii.g Difcoveriei In the Soutb Seat & Round the Pl^orld. y7 
 
 • A kind of wine, called toddy, is extracted from this 
 tree, b/ cutting the budi, and tyin|{ under them.rmaU 
 balkcts, made of the leave*. The juice, which trickles 
 intothefe vefTeli is colledted Morning and evening, ahd 
 is the common drink of all t,he inhabitants. The na- 
 tivcscall this liquor dua or duac, and both the fyiup 
 and fugar, gula. The fyrup is not unlike treacle, but 
 is fomewhat thicker, and has a more agreeable taltc. 
 I'he fugar is of a reddilh brown, probably the fanie 
 with the Jugata fugar upon the continent of India, 
 and to our tafte it wa^ more agreeable than any cane fu- 
 gar, unre6ned. We at flrft apprehended that the fy- 
 rup, of which fome of our people eat great quantities, 
 would have occafloned HuxcS, but what effcdl it pro- 
 duced was rather falutary than hurtful. This fyrup is 
 ufed to fatten hogs, dogs, and fowls; and the inhabi- 
 tants thcmfclves have fubfifted upon this alone for fc- 
 veral months, when other crops have failed, and ani- 
 mal food has been fcarce. With the leaves of this 
 trotlthe natives thatch their houfes, and make bafkets, 
 cu^s, umbrellas, and- toKicco-pipes. They make Icaft 
 account of the fruit, and as the buds are wounded for 
 the tuac or toddy, there is very little produced. It is 
 nearly of the lizc of a full grown turnip ; and the ker- 
 nels mud be eaten before it is ripe, othcrwife they are 
 lb hard, that the teeth will not penetrate them. . 
 
 As fire- wood is very fcarce, the natives, by the fol- 
 lowing method, make a very little anfwer the ends of 
 cookery and didillation. A hollow istlug underground, 
 like a rabbit burrow, in a horizontal dirciflion, about 
 two yards long, with a hole at each end, one of which 
 is large, and the othir fmall. T4ie fire is put in at the 
 large hole, and the fmall one ferves for a draught. Cir- 
 cular holes are made through the earth which covers this 
 cavity, on which are fet earthen pots, large in the 
 middle, and fmaller towards the bottom^ fo that the 
 fire adls upan a large partoof the furface. They con- 
 tain generally about eight or ten gallons each, and it is 
 furprifing to fee with what a fmall quantity of fuel they 
 are kept boiling. In this manner they boil all their 
 viduals, and make all theirfyrup and fugar. The Pe- 
 ruvian Indians have a contrivance of the fame kind j 
 and perhaps by the poor in other countries it might be 
 adopted with advantage. 
 
 In this ifland both lexes arc enflavcd by the perni- 
 cious cuftom of chewing beetle and arcca, contraded 
 even while they arc children. With thefe they mix a 
 fort of white lime, compofed of coral Hones and fliells, 
 to which is added frequently a fmalh quantity of to- 
 bacco, whereby their mouths are rendered difguftful 
 both to the fight and the fmell ; for the tobacco in- 
 fers their breath, and the beetle and lime make the 
 teeth both black and rotten. We faw many of both 
 lexes whofe fore teeth were confumed, irregularly, al- 
 moft down to the gums, and corroded like iron by roft. 
 This lofs of teeth has generally been attributed to the 
 tough ftringy coat of the areca nut; but our gentlemen 
 imputed it wholly to the lime; for the teeth are not 
 loofened or broken, as might be the cafe by chewing of 
 hard and rough fubftanccs, but they are gradually 
 walled, as even metals are-by powerfiil- acids; artd they 
 may not be miftaken who fuppofe that fugar has a bad 
 effeft Upon the teeth of Europeans, feeing refined fu- 
 gar Contains a confiderable quantity of lime, and it is 
 well known, that lime will deftroy bone of any kind. 
 When the natives are at any time not chewing beetle 
 and areca, they then are fmoking. The manner of 
 doing this is by rolling up a fmall quantjty of tobacco, 
 and putting it into one end of a tube, about fix inches 
 long, as thick as a gobfe quill, i^nd made of a palm- 
 leaf. The women in particular were obfcrved to Iwai- 
 low the fnr.oke. 
 
 The idand is divided into five diftrifts or nigrees, 
 each of which is governed by a Raja. Thcfc arc called 
 Laai, Seba, Regeeua, Timo, and Maifara. We wcni 
 afliore at Scba, and found a Raja that governed with 
 abfolute authority. He was about five and thirty, and 
 the moft corpulent man we had fccn upon the whole 
 illand. But though he governed with an unlimited 
 authority, he took very little regal pomp upon him. 
 '-No^J,. o r r r 
 
 He was dircded almoll implicitly by Mannu DJarmc, 
 the old man, his prime minifter, already men- 
 thMied I yet notwithdanding the power with which he 
 wu invefted, he was univerfally beloved, a fure proof 
 that he did not abufe it. Mr. Lange infuriucd Capt. 
 Cook, thit the chiefs who had fucccllivrly prelidcd over 
 the five principalities of this ifland, had lived for time 
 immemorial in the mod coniul Irienddiip with each 
 other; yet, he faid, the people were of a warlike dif- 
 pofition, and had always courageoufly defended thcm- 
 lelves againd foreign invaders. We were told alfo, that 
 the inhabitants of the ifland could raife, on a fliort no- 
 tice, 7,300 fighting men anncd with mufquets; of 
 which number Laai was faid to furnifli 3,600, Sebi 
 3000, Regeeua i.joo, Timo 800, and Maifara 400. 
 Befidet the arms already mentioned, each man is fur- 
 nidied with a large many polcax, which, in the hands 
 of people who nave courage, mud be a formidable 
 weapon. In the ufe of their lances thefe people are 
 faid to befo expert, that they can pierce a maa through 
 the heart at fixty or fcventy yards didancc: yet the 
 Raja had always lived at peace with his neighbours. 
 This account of the martial prowefs of the inhabi* 
 tants of Savu may be true; but during our day we faw 
 no appearance of it. Before the town houfe, indeed, we 
 faw about one hundred fpears and targets, which fcrved 
 to arm thole who were fenc down to intimidate us ac 
 the trading place, but they feemed to be the rcfufc of 
 old armories, no two being of the fame make or length, 
 fof fome were fix, others fixteen feet long. Not one 
 lance was among them, and though the mufquets were 
 clean on the outiidc, within they were eaten by the rufl: 
 intohples; and the people thcmfelvcs appeared to be 
 (o little acquainted with military difcipiine, that they 
 came down like a diforderly rabble, every one having 
 a cock, fome tobacco, or other merchandife, and few 
 or none of their cartouch boxes were furniflied with 
 cither powder or ball, but a piece of paper was thruft 
 into the holes to fave appearances. We likewifc faw 
 before the houfe of aflembly a great gun, fome fwivels, 
 andpauraroes: but the great ^n lay with the touch- 
 hole to the ground, and the fwivels and patararocs were 
 not in their carriages. 
 
 The inhabiunts of Savu are divided into five ranks, 
 namely, the Rajas, the land owners, the manufadturers, 
 the fervants, and the flavcs. The Rajas are chief; the 
 land owners arc refpedted in proportion to their edates, 
 and the number of^their flaves, which lad are bought 
 and fold with their edates; but a fat hog is the price 
 of one if purchafed feparately. Notwithdanding a 
 man may thus fell his flave, or convey him with his 
 lands, yet his power does not extend farther, as he may 
 not even drike him without the Raja's permifTion. The 
 edates of thefe land-holders are of very different ex- 
 tent: fome of them not poflefling above five flaves, 
 whild others have 500. When a man of rank goes 
 abroad, one of his flaves follows him with .x diver hilted 
 fword or hanger, ornamented with horfc hair taflels, 
 and another carries a little bag containing tobacco, 
 beetle, areca, and lime. This is all the date that even 
 the Rajas thcmfelvcs take upon them . 
 
 Thefe people have a great veneration for antiquity. 
 Their priniiipal boad is of a long line of venerable ai>. 
 cedors. Thofc houfes that have been well tenanted for 
 fuccelTtve generations, are held in the highed edeem ; 
 even the ftoncs which are worn fmooth by having 
 been fat upon for ages, derive a certain value from 
 that circumdance. He whofc progenitors have be- 
 queathed him any of thefe ftpnes, or whofc wealth hat 
 enabled him to purchafe them, c«ufes them to be ranged 
 round his habitation, for his fcrvapts and flaves to fit 
 upon, The Raja caufes a large done to be fet up in 
 the chief town of each diftrift as a monument of his 
 reignl Inthe province of Seba, thirteen fuch ftoncs 
 were Oen at well as the remains of fcvcral othen which 
 were lAoclyurn. Thefe ftoncs were all placed on 
 the t9pof l^inRl, and fome of them were of fuch an 
 enormous fnre that it was amazing i^n^uttheinstficir 
 could have been brought thither; nor could any infbr<< 
 mation on this -head bp obtained from the nativea: 
 U thefe 
 
 A 
 
[',) ) 
 
 •^•^mm^ 
 
 mmm 
 
 78 
 
 Cape GOOKV VOYAaBS C O M P L.R T B. 
 
 (''M.: 
 
 thefc monunwnts, however, indicated that for a feria 
 arMncrttions, the ifland had been reguUriy oovemcd.— 
 Wneh a Raja dies, proclamation is made that ail tliafe 
 Who have been his fukgeds (hall hold a (olemii feftival. 
 On this thcjr proceed to the hill where tho(e ftonas an 
 erei^kd, and fcaft for fcveral weeks, killing all the ani- 
 mals that Tuit their purpore, whnevcr thef can be 
 found, in order to fumiih the treat, which is daily 
 ferved up on the tnonumcntal ftones. When they 
 have thus exhaultcd their whole (lock, they are com- 
 pelled to keep a talli and when the fcaft happens to 
 •nd in the dry feafon, when they cannot get vegetables 
 to eat, they have no other fubfiftance than the palm 
 fyrup and'water,till the few animals which have efcaped 
 the general malTacre have bred a fuflkicnt number for 
 a frefh fupply, except the adjacent diftriA happens to 
 be in a condition to relieve them. 
 
 The natives of Savu have an inilrument with which 
 thev clear the cotton of iu feeds 1 it is about feven 
 inches in height and fourteen in Icnoth. They have 
 %U6 a machine with which they fpin by hand, u was 
 'thecuftom before the invtntion ta fpinning wheels ia 
 £un^. 
 
 The inhabitants of this ifland were in general robuft 
 and healthy, and had every mwk of longevity. The 
 fmall pox, however, is a diftemper with which they 
 are acquaimed, and which tkey dread as much as a 
 peftilence. When any perlbn is attacked by it, he is 
 carried to a fpot at adiftance from thehoufcs, where 
 his food is conveyed to him by means of a hag (lick, 
 as no one dares to venture near him. Abandoned by 
 all his friends, he is there left to live or die as it may 
 happen, without being admitted to any comforts of the 
 community. 
 
 The Portuguefc verv early vifited this ifland, on 
 which they cftabliflied a fettlement, but (bon after 
 they were fuccecdcd by the Dutch, whu without for- 
 mally taking poiTeflion of the place, fent a number of 
 tnuiing vei&ls in order to eftaiUiih a commerce with 
 the natives. Moft of the Duidi purchafes, it is fup- 
 poTciJ, arc confined to a fupply of provifions for the 
 Spice-Iiiands, the inhabitaius of which breed but a 
 fmall number of cattte. The Dutch Eaft India Com- 
 pany made an agreement with the feveral Rajas of the 
 iflands, that a quantity of rice, maize, and callavances 
 ihould be annual! ' fumifhcd to their people, who, in 
 return, were w fupply the Rajas with filk, linen, cut- 
 lery wares, and arrack. Certain fmall veflels, e?rh 
 having on board ten Indians, are fent from Timor to 
 bring away the nuize and calbvances, and a (hip that 
 brings the articles furnifhed^by the Dutch, receives the 
 rice on board once a year ; and as there are three b»ya 
 on 'his coaft, this vdlcl anchors in each of them m 
 turn. The Dutch anicks of commerce are accepted 
 by the Rajas as a prefent t and they and their cbiefat* 
 . tendanu drink of the arrack without intermiflion till 
 it is exhaulled. 
 
 It was in the agreement above-mentioned that the 
 Rajas fttpuhted, that a Dutch refident fliould be caiv> 
 ftantly on the inimd. Accordingly this Lange, whom 
 we have mentioned, was fent thither in that capacity, 
 and a fort of afltftant with him, whofie frther was a 
 Portuguefe, and hit mother a native of Timor, with 
 one Frederic Craig, whofe father wu a Dutchman, and 
 his mother an Indian. Mr^ Lange vifiu the Raja in 
 ftate, attended by fiffy flavet on horfe-back, and if the 
 crops arc npe, orders v^els to convey them immedi- 
 ately to Timor, fe tha. they are not even ho«6d upon 
 the ifland. It is likewife portof hia bufine&io petfuadc 
 the landholdera to plant, if hepeiccives that they are 
 barkwwrd in that particular. This refident had Men 
 ten years on the itkndb when the Endeavour touched 
 there, during all which time he had not feea aagr whkc 
 perfons, except thofc whn came anmHlIy in the Omeh 
 veflcl, to carry olT the rice, as above-meniiaaed. He 
 
 was married to a native of Tinor» jMAJhwd iip the 
 fame manner as the nativeaof Savu, IMk langiiage 
 he fpokc better than aiqrfltheh He fitt on the graund 
 likethelndians, anJ chewed beetle, andftcmed in every 
 thing wtdkaMt th«m» OKcpt ia his ctnplraioD and 
 
 the drcfi of hit couMfy. Ai to Mr. Craig, his sT- 
 fiflant, he was employed in tcachii^ the natives 10 
 write and read, and inftrudling them in the principles 
 of ChrMianiiy. Though there was neither cieigyinan 
 nor church to be Getn upon the ifland, yet thTi Mr. 
 Craig averred, that in the townfliipof Sebaoaly, thae 
 were 600 Chriftbnst as to the religion of thofe who 
 have not embraced Chtillianity,. it it a peculiu- Ipccias. 
 of hganifm, every one havinga god of his own, fome» 
 what after the manner of the Cemics heretofoie isen. 
 tioned. Their morality, however, is much purer than 
 couU be expedted ftom fuch a people. Robberies ai« 
 fcarcely evercommitted. Murder is unknown tanang 
 them I and though no man is allowed more than one 
 wife, they are Grangers to adultery, and almoft fo to the 
 crime of Ample fornication. When any difputet arife 
 between the natives, the determinatran of the Raja is 
 dccifive and (atisftaory. Some oblervations were made 
 upon the larauage of the natives, by the gentloqcn. 
 wliile the veflel lay hcret and a kind of voci(|)4pff 
 formed, a (ketch of which we have here inleitcdi - 
 
 Momonne, 
 
 Mobuiuiet 
 
 Catoo, 
 
 Row catoo^ 
 
 Matta, 
 
 Rownamatta, 
 
 Swanp, 
 
 Cavaranga* 
 
 Wodeele« 
 
 Vaio, • 
 
 Lacoco, 
 
 Soofoo, 
 
 Caboofoolbo, 
 
 Dulloo, • 
 
 Aflbo, t 
 
 Tooga, 
 
 Rootoo, 
 
 Baibo. 
 
 Dunceala, 
 
 Kiflbvci yilh, 
 
 Camacoo, 
 
 Wulaba, 
 
 Cabaou, 
 
 E^ara. 
 
 Vave^ • 
 
 Doombai 
 
 Kefavoo, 
 
 Guaca, 
 
 Maio, 
 
 Mannu, 
 
 Caraw, 
 
 Pangputook 
 
 lea, • 
 
 Unjoo^ 
 
 Nieu, 
 
 Boacercc^ 
 
 Calella. 
 
 Canana, 
 
 Aou, 
 
 Maanadoo^ 
 
 Tata, 
 
 Lodok 
 
 Wurroo^ 
 
 Aidaffee, 
 
 Ailea, 
 
 Aoe, 
 
 Maate, 
 
 Tabudge, 
 
 Tateetook 
 
 Ufle. 
 
 Lhua. 
 
 Tulh^ 
 
 Uppah, 
 
 Unna, 
 Pedu, 
 Arru. 
 
 Saou, 
 
 ^ RMS. 
 
 Awomoh 
 The haul, 
 ntbair. 
 neeyts. 
 tbetytJtifiiet. 
 rbemfe. 
 7bt cbeeku 
 The ears. 
 The I time, 
 Tbeueck. 
 TbebnaJIs. 
 The Hippieti 
 Tbe belly. 
 She novel. 
 The tbigbtm 
 The huet. 
 'lie legs. 
 The feet. 
 The toes. 
 Tbearmt. 
 TbebamL 
 
 Abtrje, 
 Abtg. 
 Aj&epi 
 Agpat, 
 A dog, 
 A cat. 
 AfifivL 
 netaih 
 neieai, 
 Afi/b 
 4 turtle. 
 A eoeoa-mt. 
 Fan palm. 
 
 Beetle, 
 Lime. 
 
 Aiifb.hteL 
 
 Tatcut 9r maris M tbtfiiff' 
 
 ne/aff. 
 
 Woe mfOH» 
 
 nefia. 
 
 tyater. 
 
 Fire. 
 
 Wo die. 
 
 Tojkepf 
 
 Ttri/e. 
 
 One. 
 
 Wv». 
 
 three, 
 
 Four. 
 
 Fivt. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Severn 
 
 Might. 
 
 Nine, 
 
 SiflfOOMni 
 
COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for maUng ^iftmmiti in the Smtk^ Sm & Rou«d the WorU, 79 
 
 tengoorao, fSwi ^ 
 
 Knguningulfe, - £6w«. 
 
 Lhwnaooroo; • '^' . 
 
 Singaflu, •• lOO: ^ 
 
 Setuppaht • low. 
 
 Sdacufla. • 10,00a 
 
 Senta. • 100,000. 
 
 8cKboo» * 1,000,000. 
 
 It !• here neceflkiy to obrerve, that thU ifland hai 
 not Keen laid down in any of the charts hitherto pub- 
 liflted, and at to our account of it, let it be remetn- 
 beitd, that except the fadla in which we were par- 
 tiei, and the account of the obiedls which we had an 
 opportunity to examine, the whole is founded merely 
 tipon the report of Mr. Lange, upon whofc authority 
 it muft therefore reft. 
 
 Of the iflands in the neighbourhood of Savu, the 
 principal is Timor, which is annually vifited by the 
 DAich refidents on the other idands, in order to make 
 up their accounts. Some of the towns on the north 
 fide of Timor are in the hands of the Portuguefc ; but 
 the Dutch polTefs a far greater proportion of the ifland. 
 on which they have built a foit, and ereded feveral 
 llore..houfes. There are three fhiali iflands. called the 
 Solars, which produce great abundance of the various 
 neceflaries of life, that are carried in fmall veflels to 
 the Dutch fettlements on the ifland of Timor. Theft 
 iflands are low and flat, and one of them has a commo* 
 dious harbdur. 1*0 the weflward of the Solars lies the 
 little ifland ofEnde, in the poflcflion of the Pbrtugucfc. 
 who have built a conflderable town on the N. E. point 
 of it I and clofb to the town is an harbour where fliips 
 may ride in fafcty. The ifland of Rotte has a Dutch 
 refident, whofe buflnefs is fimilar to that of Mr. Lange 
 on the ifland of Savu. Rotte produces, befides fuch 
 thills as are common tor dther iflands, a conflderable 
 quantity of fugar, which is made to a great degree of 
 
 SrfeAion. There is likewife a fmall ifland lying to 
 t weft of Savu, the chief produce of which is the 
 •itca nut, of which the Dutch receive in exchange for 
 European commodities, as large a quantity every year 
 as toad two veflels. 
 
 About two years before the Endeavour was in thefe 
 feas.a French (hip wu wrecked on the coaft of Timor : 
 die had been lodged on the rocks feveral days, when 
 the wind tore her to pieces in an inftant, and the Cap- 
 tain, with the greater part of the feamen were drown- 
 ed ; but the lieutenant and about eighty men. havirig 
 reached the flwre, travelled acrofsthe country of Con- 
 cordia, where their immediate wants were relieved, 
 and they afterwards returned to the wreck, in company 
 with (bme Dutchmen and Indians, who aflifted them 
 in recovering all their chefts of bullion,, and other ef- 
 iofls. Thia done they returned to Cbncoidia, where 
 they remained feveral weeks; but in this interval death 
 made fuch havock among them, that not above half 
 their number remained to return to their native coun- 
 try, which they did as foon as a veflel could be fitted 
 out for them. 
 
 On Friday, the 31ft of September, in the morning, 
 we got under (ail, and bent our courie wcilwaid, along 
 the north fide of the ifland of Savu, and or another 
 tying to the weftward of it^ which at noon bore S. S. E. 
 diftant two leagues. At four in the afternoon, in la- 
 cltude loAvg. 38 min. S. and longitude 338 deg. 28 
 min. W. we difcovered a fnull low ifland. In the 
 evening of the 33d, we got dear of the iflands, and 
 on the 24th, our latitude by obfet^^tion was 10 deg. 
 <i min. S. and our tbnj^tudd 2<* deg. 1 1 min. W. 
 On the 28th, we fleered all day N. W. with a view 
 of making the land of Java, and on the 30th. Gipt. 
 Cook took into his poflcflion the l(»-bo9k and journals, 
 at leaft all he could flnd of the officers, petty oflkeri, 
 and feamen, whom he ftri<aiy enjoined fecrecy with 
 jjefpeft to where thcj, had beeh. At ftven iti the even- 
 ing we had thunder and lightning, and about twelve by 
 the light of the flaftiea we faw the weft end of Java. 
 
 On Monday, OOolKr the ifl, at fix o'clock in the 
 
 morning, Java Head bore 9. E. by %. diftant five 
 leagues. Soon after we fkw Prince's Ifland; and at 
 ten Cracatoa, a remarkable high paiked ifland. At 
 noon it bore N! 40 B. diftant (Wen leagim. On 
 the end, we were clofe in with the coaft of Java, its 
 fifteen fathom water, along which we ftood. In the 
 forenoon a boat was fent afhore. in order to procure 
 fome fruit for Tupia, who was at this time extremely 
 111. Our people returned with four cocoa-nuts, and a 
 fmall bunch of plantains, for which they had paid a 
 fliillingi but fome herbaee for the cattle the Indians 
 gave our feamen, and aflifted them to cut it. The coun- 
 try had a delightful appearance, being every where co. 
 vcred with trees, which looked like one continued 
 wood. About eleven o'clock we faw two Dutch £aft 
 Indiamen, from whom we heard with great pleafure, 
 that the Swallow had reached the Engiiin channel in 
 fafcty, having been at Batavia about two years before. 
 We alfo learnt, that there was ftationcd here a fly boat 
 or packet, to carry letters, as was faid, from the Dutch 
 (hips, that came hither froin Bauvia, but the Captain 
 thought it was appointed to examine ail fliips, that 
 (hould have paflTed the ftreight. We had now been 
 fome houn at anchor, but in the cvenmga light breeza 
 fpringing up, we got under fail, yet having little wind^ 
 and a ftrong current againftus,we reached no further' bf 
 eight in the morning, of the 3d, than Bantam Point. 
 V^'e now pcrceWed the Dutch packet ftandmg after ua. 
 but the wind ftiifting to the N. E. flie bore away. We 
 were now obliged to anchor { which we did in twenty* 
 two fathom water, at about two mila fhrni the ihore. 
 At fix o'clock in the evening, the country boats came 
 along fide of us, on board one of which was the maf- 
 ter of the packet. They brought in them fowls, ducks, 
 parrots, turde, rice, birds, monkeys, and other arti> 
 cles, with an intention to fell them, but having fixed 
 very high prices on their commodities, and our Savu 
 ftock Ming not yet expended, very few articles were 
 purchafcd. The Captain indeed gave two dollars for 
 twenty.fivc fowls, and a Spanifh' dollar for a turtle, 
 which weighed about fix and thirty pounds. We 
 might alfo Tor a dollar have bought two monkeys, of 
 a whole cage of rice-birds. The mafter of the packet 
 brought with him two books, in on^of which he de- 
 fired of our officers, that one of them wouW write down 
 the name of our (hip and commander t the placie fron» 
 whence we came; to what port bound; with fuch other 
 particulan relaring to ourfelves, as we might think 
 proper, for the information of any of our countrymen 
 who might come after us. In the other book the maf- 
 ter himftlf enteted the names of our fhip and its Cap- 
 tain, in order to tranfmit them to the gpovemor and 
 council of the Indies. We perceived, that inthefirft 
 book many (hips, particularly Poittwuefe, had made 
 entries of the fame kind wini that for which it was 
 
 Erefented to us. Mr. Hicki, our lieutenant, however, 
 aving written the name of the fhip, only added "from 
 Europe;" The mafter of the packet took notice of 
 1^ this, but faid, that he was farisned with any thing we 
 thought fit to write, it being intended folely for the in* 
 formation of our friemk. 
 
 FVidav' the fifth, we made ftveral attempts to fail with 
 a wind that would not ftem the current, and as oftenr 
 ' came to an anchor. In the morning a proa, with a 
 Dutch officer, came along-fideof ur, and fertt to Oip- 
 tainCook a printed jpaper in exceeding bad Englilb, 
 ! dupUcatea of which he had in other languages, all re- 
 gularly figned, in the nimc of the governor and council 
 of the Ind^, by their feCretary ; the contents whereof 
 were the foliowing en^idries^ contained in nine quef- 
 tibns. 
 
 I. The fliipt name, and 'to what nation flie be- 
 leitged? 
 1. If fhecan^e from Eun^.'dfaHy other placed' ' 
 3. FVom what place ftiehacl Hit dcpattedf 
 4,' Vhereuhtodeflgned togo^ ' 
 5. What and how many fliRw of the Dutch com- 
 pany by depiRtuc fnari t|^ Isft fl|lR there layed, and 
 theirnames? 
 
 
 ■\:M 
 
 ;- .'''I 
 
 
•lit f 
 
 i' 
 
 80 
 
 Ovu C O.O^Il.'i. V O Y A C E S COMPLEX 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 r 
 
 6. If one or. more of thcfe fhipi, in company with 
 the Endeavour, i* departed for this or any other 
 place? 
 
 7. If durins the voyage anjr particularities b hap. 
 . pencd. or ften? ^ 
 
 8. If not any (hips in fca, or the freights of Sunda, 
 have fcen, or hailed in, and whicl ? 
 
 9. If any other news worth of at cntion, at the place 
 from whence the (hip laftly dcpa.ted, or durin^i the 
 voyage, is happened ? 
 
 Batavta in the Caftle. 
 By order of the Gpvcrnor General, and the 
 Counfcilors of India, 
 
 J. Brander Bi'NCL. Sec. 
 
 The officer obferving, that the Captain did notchufe 
 to anfwer any of the above queHions except the (irft 
 and fourth, he (aid that the reft were not material, 
 though it was remarked that jull afterwards he affirmed 
 he muddifpatch the paper to Batavia, at which place 
 it would arrive by the ncjct day. This examination was 
 rather extraordinary, and the more fo, as it dues not 
 feem to have been of any long (landing. 
 
 As. foon as the Dutch oflRcer departed, the anchor 
 vmyia^Kd, but in four hours the (hip was forced to 
 conae to an anchor again, till a breeze fprang up; (he 
 thef|,held on her courfe till the next morning, when on 
 accbu'nc'of the rapidity of the current, the anchor was 
 drofwcd ag^n. At lad we weighed on the 8th, and 
 flood clear of ^ laige ledge of rocks^ which we had al- 
 mod ran upon the preceding day. But . in the forc- 
 naon we were once more obliged to anchor near a little 
 illand that was not laid down in anv chart on board. 
 It was found to be one of thofc called the Millcs Ides. 
 Mr. Banks , and Or. Solander having landed upon it, 
 (.'oUcdlfld a few plant*, and (hot a bat which was a yard 
 long, being meafured from the extreme points of the 
 wings; they alfo killed a few plovers on this iriancl.thc 
 breadth of w hich does not exceed one hundred yards, 
 and the length live hundred; they fotmd a houfe and a 
 little fpot of cultivated pround, and on it grew the 
 Pi^ma Chriitl. tma whi a the Wed Indians make 
 their cador dL 
 
 In aliufle tune after the gentlemen returned to the 
 ihip, bate flaiiiya came along fide in a boat, bring- 
 iiig widi^liciiipompions, dried (ifli, and turtle, (or 
 laJct one fltf the Turtles, which weighed near one hun> 
 (ked and (ifty pounds, they fold for a dollar, and feemed 
 to cxped the fanjie piece en money for. their fruit ; but 
 it being hinted to them that a dollar was too much, they 
 dcruedthat one rnight be cut, and a. piece of it given 
 to tbcm, but this not being complied with, they at 
 length ibid twcnty-dx pompions for a Portuguefe pe- 
 ucka. ^hen tncy departed, they intimated their 
 wiihes, that this traniadion might not be mentioned at 
 Batavia. , 
 
 We now mad«; but littjle way till night, when the 
 land-breeze (bringing' up, we failed to the £. S. E. 
 and OR the toliowing day, % the aflidance of the 
 fca -breeze, cam^ to an ai)chor in the road of Batavia. 
 At this place wc found a number of large Dutch velfels, 
 the Harcourt Ead Int^iaman from England, which had' 
 lod herpaflj^e to Qiiha, and two fliips Itclonging to 
 the private trade of our India compahjr. The Endea- 
 vour had no (boner anchored, than a (hip was obferved,. 
 with a broad pendant flying, from which a boat was 
 difpatched to domaiid the name of the yctk], with 
 thatof theconuiupder,&c. Tothefe enquiries Clap, 
 tain C]ook gave (ucb aiifwert at he thought proper, and 
 the oihcer who command the boat deoarted. This 
 gentleman, and the crew that 'attended him,' were fo 
 vomQut.wtththeiHriKaMiiac(sof the climate, i^hat it 
 was apparent many dcMlit waiM follow: yet at prefent 
 there was 9ot one invslid ontward of our (hip, except 
 the I ndian Tupia. The Capuin now difpatched an of- 
 (icer to the governor of the town, to apologili^ for the 
 Endeavour'* not falutiiu;: (pr he had bat three guns 
 proper for Uie puipole, «cqpt fwivels, and he was 
 apprehenlive that they would hot be heard. The diip 
 was fo leaky, that (he nude about nine inches vater in 
 
 4 
 
 an hour, on the average, part of .the (alfc keel was 
 gone , one of her pumps was totally uMeh, «nd the 
 red fo much decayed, that they could not lad longi 
 1 he officers and feainen coticurring in opinion thai the 
 (hip could not fafcly put to fea again in this condition- 
 the Captain rcfolvcd to folicit pcrniimon to heave bet 
 down I but as he had learned that this mud be dbiic iii 
 writing, he drew up a petition, and had it tran(fatcJ 
 into Dutch. 
 
 OnWednefday. Oclobcr the i oth, the Captain ami 
 the reft of the ccntlemcn went on fliore, ami aiulicd 
 totheonly Englilh rcftdcntat Batavia; this gcntloHan, 
 whofe name was Lcith, received his coiintrymtn in the 
 polited manner, and entertained them at dinner wiiK 
 great hofpitafity. Mr. Leith informed uj. that a pub- 
 lie hotel was kept in town, by order of the Dutcl) go- 
 vernor, at which place nrcrchants and other (1 ranters 
 were obliged to lodge, and that the landlord of ^hc 
 hotel was bound to find them warchowfcs for their 
 goods, on the condition of receiving ten diillings on 
 every hundred pounds of their value, but as the iJlidca- 
 vour was a king's (hip, her officers and the other gen- 
 tlemen, might refide where they thought proper, only 
 alTcing leave of the governor, whofe permlftion would 
 be inf»antly obtained. Mr. Leith added, that they 
 might live cheaper in this way than at the hotel, if 
 they had any pcrfon who fpoke the Batavian tongue, 
 whom they could rely on to purchafe their jOTvifioiw, 
 but as there ^»s no fucff perfon among the whole (hip"9 
 crew, the gentlemen immediately beljxike beds at the 
 hotel. In the afternoon Captain Cook attended t\ e go- 
 vernor-general, who received him pofitefy, and to\ii 
 him to wait on the council the next morning, whcr» 
 his petition fliould be laid before them, and every thing 
 that he folicitcd fliouU Ik granted. Late in the even- 
 ing of this day, there happened a mod terrible ftorm 
 of thunder and lightning, accompanied with very heavy 
 rain. In this dorm tijc main-mad of a Dutch Eair 
 Indiaman was fplit and carried away by the deck ; and! 
 the main-top-mad and main-top-gallaht-mad were 
 torn to pieces; it is fuppofed, that the lightning was 
 attradlea by an iron (pindle at the main-top-gallant* 
 mad-head. The Eiideavour, which wa:; at a fmalf 
 didance from the Dutch (hip, cfcapvd without damage, 
 owing, mod probably, to the elcijlricul cbainwb^b, 
 cond^(5ted the lightning over the vclTel.— A centincl 
 on board the Endeavour, who was charging his niuf- 
 quct at the time of the dorm, had it diakcnout of hia 
 hand, and the ram-rod broken to pieces ; the elec- 
 trical chai,n looked like a dream of lire, and the diip 
 fudained a very violent (hocjc. 
 
 OnThurfday theiith, Capt. Cook waited on the 
 gentlemen of the council, who informed him that alt 
 his requeds (houla be complied with. In the interim 
 the orbcr gentlemen made a contraA with the maOer 
 of the hotel, to (umidi them and their frieiids with 
 as much tea.cp'dec, punch and tobacco, as they might' 
 have occadon for, and to keep them a fcparatc table, 
 for nii)e (hitling^s a day Englidi money: but on the 
 condition that every perfon who (houldvifit them, 
 (hould pay at the rate o( four (hillinga and dx-pence 
 for his dinner^ and the fame (iim for his fupper and 
 bed, if hechofc to deep at, the hotel; they were like- 
 wife to pay for every fervant that attended them fifteen- 
 pence a day. It; was foon difcovered, that they had 
 been much innpofedont for thcic charges were twice as 
 much as could have been demanded at a private houfc,' 
 They appeared to live elegantly, but at the fame time 
 were but illfupplied. Tneir dinner confidiMl of fifteen 
 dilhes, all ferVed up at once; and their fu'p|)er of thir- 
 teen, but of '}htBB, nine or ten were of the mod ordi. 
 nary, becaufe thecheaped, (poultre) that could be pur- 
 chafed, and even (bme of thefe dimes' were obfcrvc'd to' 
 be ferved upfiMir timfs rucceOively r a duck, wljich was 
 hot at dinner, was brought, fold In the, evening, the 
 next day ferved up.as a (riipk({ee, and was cahv^crted 
 into fytcti meat at .night. We, bdwcvcr, only fared 
 as others had done before ut's (t was thecbn(U»ot cofr 
 tem of Ae confcientious mader' of imc hotel, to tteaif' 
 aQ his gucfts in the lame maftner: Irwif t06l( Abinotice 
 
 of 
 

 
 COOK'j FIRST VOYAGE— for making Di/cowrits in the South Seas fc Round the ff^or/ti. 
 
 8i 
 
 ain and 
 
 a|i|)lic(l 
 
 on the 
 that alt 
 interim 
 he maOer 
 Itid* with 
 py miKht' 
 \k taolc, 
 it on the 
 jfit them, 
 |ix-pcnce' 
 )pcr and 
 Fere like- 
 I fiftccn- 
 |they had 
 twice a* 
 Ite hourc, 
 lime time 
 if fifteen 
 Idf thir- 
 Ln(l ordi- 
 , bcpur-' 
 lervc'd to' 
 lljiich waji' 
 l>ng, the 
 lah^crted 
 fjly^fahid 
 " aVeofr 
 I to 'tfcit^ 
 pinotice 
 of 
 
 of it. all wa» well, for the lundlord had the better cuf- 
 totncriof us: if we remoDl'.atcd ngainft fuch treat- 
 ment, the table w«» better fupplied from time to time, 
 till, in the end, we had no reafon to complain. 
 However, after a few days, Mr. Bank« hired for 
 himfelf and party, a fmall houfe. next door to the hotel, 
 for which he paid forty-five (hillinRi per month i but 
 ihey were far from having the convcniencics and privacy 
 they expcdlcd: for noperfon was permitted to flccp m 
 it a» an occafional c.icrt. under a penalty: and Dutch- 
 men were continually ninning in without the Ical» cere- 
 mony, to afk w hat was to be fold, it being a cullom for 
 moft private prrfons in Batavia to be furniOied with 
 fomc articles of traffic. Every one here hires a car- 
 riaiic. and Mr. Banks engaged two. Thcfc carriages 
 are open chaifcsi they hold two perfons, and are driven 
 by a man fitting on a kind of coach-box: lor each of 
 thcfc Mr. Banks paid two rix-tlollars a day. 
 
 Our Indian friend Tupia had hitherto continued on 
 hoard on account of his diforder, which was of the 
 bilious kind, yet he perliftcd in rcfufingeverv medicine 
 that was offered him. Mr. Banks fent for him to hu 
 houfe. in hopes that he might recover his health. While 
 in the fliip. and even in the boat, he was exceedingly 
 liftlefs and low fpirited. but he no fooncr entered the 
 town than he fcemcd as if reanim.itcd. Thchoufcs. 
 the carriages, ftrccts. people, and a multiplicity of other 
 obieas. wholly new to him. produced an cITcd like the 
 fuppofcd power of fai'cination. But if Tupia was allo- 
 nilhcd at the fcenc, his boy Tayeto was perledlly enrap- 
 tured. He cxprelfed his wonder and delight with Icfs 
 rcftraiiU. He danced along the ftreet in a kind of cx- 
 tacy, and examined every ohjea with a reftlefs curiolity 
 which was each moment excited and gratified. Tupia 
 remarked particularly the variety of dreffcs worn by 
 the paffing multitude, concerning which he made many 
 enquiries. Being informed that here were people of 
 different nations, each of whom wore the habit of his 
 rcfpeftive country, he delired that he might conform 
 tb the cuftom. and appear in that of Otaheitc i and 
 fomc South-Sea cloth being fent for from the fliip. he 
 dreflcd himfelf with great expedition and dexterity. 
 The people of Batavia, who had fcenan Indian brought 
 thither In M. Bougainville's fliip. named Otourou, 
 miftook Tupia for that pcrfon, and frequently aflced if 
 he was not the famf. About this rime we had procured 
 an order to the fuptrintendant of the ifland of Ouruft, 
 where the fliip was to be repaired, to receive her there, 
 and by one of .he fliips that failed for Holland, an ac- 
 count wii f^.it to Mr. Stephens, fecretary to the ad- 
 miralty, of our arrival at this place. Here the captain 
 found an uncxpcded difficulty in procuring money for 
 the expences that would be incurred by refitting the 
 Endeavour; private perfons had neither the ability nor 
 inclination to advance the fum required j he therefore 
 fent a written application to the governor himfelf, who 
 ordered the Shebander to fupply the captain with 
 what money he might want out of the company's trea- 
 
 fury. 
 
 Thurfday the 1 8th, early in the moming, after a 
 delay of fome days, we ran down to Ouriifl, and laid 
 the ihip along-fide of the wharf, on Cooper's Ifland, in 
 order to take out her ftores. After little more than 
 nine days, we began to experience the fatal eflrds of 
 the climate and fituation. Tupia funk on a fuddcn, 
 and grew every day worfe and worfe. Tayeto. his boy, 
 was fcized with an inflammation on his lungs. NIr. 
 Banks and Dr. Solander were attacked by fevers, and 
 the two fervants of the former became very ill s in fliort, 
 almofl every perfon both on board and afliorc fell Itck 
 in a few days, owing, as we imagined, to the low 
 fwampy fituation of the place, and the numberlcfs dirty 
 canals, that interfed the town in all diredigns. 
 
 On the a6th, w hen few of the crew were able to do 
 duty, we crcded a tent for their reception. Tupia, of 
 whole life we began to defpair, defired to be retttoved 
 to thefliiP) in hopes of breathing a ftver air; tfbirever 
 this rould not be. done, as flie was unrigged, «nd pre. 
 paring to be laid down at the careening-placej but oh 
 tl)c 2lJth, Mr. Banks conveyed hiro to Cooper's Ifland, 
 No. lo. 
 
 or as it is called here. Kuypor, and, as he fccmed pleafcd 
 with the fpot near which the Ihiu lav, a tent was pitched 
 for him. When the fea and land breezes blew over 
 him, he exprefl*ed great fatisfadion at his fituation. 
 On the 30th Mr. Banks returned to town, having, from 
 humanity alone, been two days with Tupia, whofe fits 
 of an intermitting fever, now became a regular tertian, 
 and were lb violent as to deprive him of his fciifcs while 
 ihey lafled. and left him fo weak, that he could fcarcely 
 crawl from his bed. At the fame time Dr. Solaiidcr's 
 fever incrcafcd. and Mr. Monkhoufe, thcfiirgcon, wa.t 
 confined to his bed. 
 
 On Monday the 5 th of November, after many un. 
 avoidable delays, the fliip was laid down, and the faniL- 
 day Mr. Monkhoufe, our furgeon, fell a facrifice to this 
 fatal country t whofe lofs was more feverely felt, by his 
 being a fenlible, flcilful man, and dying at a time when 
 his abilities were moft wanted. Dr. Solander was juft 
 able to attend his funeral, but Mr. Banks, in hi; turn, 
 was confined to his bed. Great, incxpreflibly great was 
 ourdiflrefs at this time; the profpe>fl before us in the 
 highefl degree difcouraging; our danger fuch as wc 
 could not furmount by any efforts of our own, for 
 courage, diligence, and fkiil, were all equally ineffec- 
 tual ; and death was every day making advanqcs towards 
 us, when we could neither refift nor fly. Thc'jjowcr of 
 difeafe, from the peflifrrous air of the country, ua^y 
 gaining ftrcncth. fcvcral Malay fervants were hlrtdto 
 attend the fick, but they had fo little fenfe either of duty 
 or humanity, that the patient was obliged frequently to 
 get out of bed to feck them. 
 
 Friday the 9ih, our Indian boy Tayeto paid the debt 
 of nature, and poor Tupia was fo attcdlcd at the lofs, 
 that it was doubted whether he would furvive it till the 
 next day. In the mean time the (hip's bottom having 
 been carefully examined, it was found to be in a worfc 
 condition than we apprehended. The falfe keel was 
 confiderably gone to within twenty feet of the ftern 
 poft I the main keel was injured ih niaoy places; much 
 of the flieathingwas torn off; and fe^ml planks were 
 greatly damaged : two of them, and half of a thjrd, 
 particularly, for the length of fix feet, wert fo worn, 
 that they were not above an eighth parf o^?f rncKthick, 
 and the worms had made their way quIYi^tJ^e tim- 
 bers : yet, in this condition, the EndjcaTAi^ Iftd 'failed 
 many hundred leagues, where luvigation is as danger- 
 ous as in any part of the globe. How much mifery dtd 
 we efcapc, by being ignorant that fo confiderable a part 
 of the bottom of the veffel was thinner than the fole of 
 a flioe, and that every life on board depended on fo 
 flight a barrier between us and the unfathomable 
 ocean! 
 
 Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were now fo worn down 
 by their diforders, that the phyfician declared they had 
 no chance for recovery but by removing into the 
 country. In confequence of this advice a houfe was 
 hired for them, at the diflance of about two miles from 
 the town, which belonged to the mafler of the hotel, 
 who engaged to fupply them with provifions, and the 
 ufe of flaves. As they had already experienced the 
 unfeeling inattention of thefe fi;llows to the fick, they 
 bought each of them a Malay woman, who, from the 
 tendernefs of their fex made them good nurfes. While 
 thefe gentlemen were taking meafures for the re- 
 covery of their health, we received an account of 
 the death of our faithful Tupia, who funk at once 
 after the lofs of his boy, Tayeto, whom he loved with 
 the tendernefs of a parent. When Tayeto was firft 
 feizcd with the fatal diforder, he feemed fenfible of his 
 approaching end, and frequently faid to thofe that were 
 about him Tyau mate fee,"*My friends I am dying;" 
 he was very tradable, and took rtljr medicines that were 
 offered him: they were both buried in the ifland of 
 Edam. 
 
 On the t4th, the bottom of the fliip was thoroughly 
 repaired, and much to Capt. Cook's fatisfa<aion, who 
 beflowed great eiKomiums on the oflRcers and the work- 
 men at the Marindyard t in his opinion there is not 
 one in the world, where a (];ip can be laid down with 
 more convenient fpeed ai\d lafety, nor repaired with 
 X more 
 
4 I - 
 
 Ctpi. COOX't VOYAGES COMPLBT l.'t ' • Mr>o'. 
 
 \ \i 
 
 'I m 
 
 more diligence and iliill. At thii place th^ heave down 
 with two maftt, a method we do not now pnAife i it is, 
 however, unqucflioiiably more fafe and expeditioui to 
 heave down with two malti than one, and the man 
 nuiO want common frnfe, ot be HrenKely attached to 
 utd cufloms, who will not allow thii, afler Trcing with 
 what facility the Dutch heave down and refu their 
 largcft vcirels at Ourult. At thii time Capt. Cook was 
 taken ill. Mr. Sporingalfo, and a Tailor who attended 
 Mr. Banki, were fci'/.riT with the deadly intcrmittenta, 
 and onlv ten of the (liip'i company were capable of 
 doing (luty. A.i to Mr. Banks and Dr. Solandcr, they 
 recovered Howly at their country hmife, which was open 
 to the fca brce/.c, and lituatcd upon a running Dream i 
 circumftancei that contributed not a little to a free 
 circulation of air. Yet notu ithlUnding thefe perplex- 
 ing obdacles, though harraiVed by a contagious difeafe, 
 and alarmed by frequent deaths, wc proceeded in rig- 
 ging the (liip, and getting water and neceflary ftorei 
 aboard : the flores were ealily obtained and fliipped, but 
 the water we were obliged to procure from Batavin, at 
 the rate of fix fliillingx and eight-pence a leager, or one 
 hundred and fifty gallons. 
 
 On the 35th, in the night there fell fuch a (bower of 
 rain, for the fpacc of four hours, as even all of us 
 had caufc ever to remember. The water poured through 
 every part of Mr. Banks's houfe, and the lower apart- 
 ments admitted a ITream fuflicicnt to turn a mill. As 
 this gentleman was now greatly reftored in health, he w ent 
 toBittaviathe followingday, and was furprizedtofeethat 
 the inhabitants had hung their bedding to dry. About 
 the 16th of this month the wcflerly monfoon fet in; 
 it blows in the day-time from the N. or N. W. and 
 frtim the S. W. during the night; previous to this, there 
 had been violent (bowers of rain for feveral nights. 
 The mufquitos and gnats, whofe company had been 
 fuf)icieiitly difagrecable in dry weather, now begun to 
 fwarm in immenfe numbers, riling from the puddles of 
 water like bees from a hive; they were extremely trou- 
 blefome during the night, but the pain arifing from the 
 (ling, though very fevere, fekiom httcd more than half 
 an hour, and in the day-time they feldom made their 
 attack. The frogs kept a perpetual croaking in rhc 
 ditches, a certain Han that the wet feafon was com- 
 menced, and that daily rain might be expedled. 
 
 The (hip being repaired, the (ick people received on 
 board her, and the greater part of her water and (tores 
 taken in, (lie failed from Ourud on the 8th of December, 
 and aifchored in the road of Batavia: twelve days were 
 employed in receiving the remainder of her provi(ions, 
 wat(r, and otiicr nccciTaries, though the bulinefs wtiuld 
 have been done in much lefs time, nut that fomc of the 
 crew died, and the majority of the furvivors were foill, 
 as to be unable to give their aiTiftancc. 
 
 On the 24th, Capt. Cook took leave of the governor, 
 and fomc other gentlemen, who had diftinguifhed 
 thenUelvn by the civilities they (hewed himt but at 
 this junifhirc an incident #currcd, that might have 
 produced confcquences by no means dcitnblc. A 
 
 faikir bckinging to one of the Dutch (hips in the road of 
 Batavia, defertcd from the • (Tel, and entered himfelf nn 
 board the jindeavour. Th« captain of the Dutch (hip 
 having made application to the governor, claimii^ the 
 delimiuent as a (ubicdt of the States General, the gover- 
 nor iJTued his order for the rcftoration of the mani 
 when this order was delivered to him, he faid, that the 
 man (hould be given up, if he appeared to Ik a Dutch- 
 num. As the captain was at this time on fliore, and 
 did not intend going on board till the Ibliowing day, 
 he gave the Dutch ollicer a note to the lieutenant, whrt 
 commanded on board the Endeavour, to deliver the 
 defcrter on the condition above-mentioned. Ota the 
 following day the Dutchman waited on Capt. Cook, in- 
 forming him, that the lieutenant had abfolutely refufed 
 togiveup the feaman, faying he was an Iriflinun, and 
 of courfe a fubjei!t of his Britannic Maiefly; Capt. 
 Cook applauded the conduA of his oll^cer, and added, 
 that it could not be cx|Kded that he fliould deliver up 
 an Englilh fubjcit The Dutch officer then liiMl. he 
 was authorifcd. by the cnvernor, to demand the fugitive 
 as a Danifli fubjetff, adding that his name was entered 
 in the fliip's books as having been borne at Eifincuri 
 to this Capt. Cook very properly replied, that thegovcr* 
 nor muft hkve been tniitakvn, when he gave this order 
 for delivering thedefertcr, who had his option whether 
 he would fcrvc the Dutch or the Englifli; but in com- 
 pliment to the governor, the man (hould be given up, 
 as a favour, if he appeared to be a Dane, but that in thia 
 cafe, he (hould by no means be demanded as a right* 
 and that he would certainly keep him, if he appeared 
 to be a fubjec^of the crown of Gresit Britain. The 
 Dutchman now took his leave, and he 1 d not been 
 long gone before the captain recrived a lc*;er from the 
 commanding officer on board, conu^iiing full proof, 
 that the man was an Hnslifh fubjcA. This leuer the 
 capuin carried to the (hcbander, dcfiring him to lay it ' 
 before the governor, and to inform him, that the man • 
 (hould not be delivered upon any temu whatever. Thia 
 fpiritcd condu(ft on the part of Capt. Cook, had the 
 dcfired etfed ; and thus the nutter ended. 
 
 This day the captain, attended by Mr. Banks and 
 the other gentlemen who had hitherto lived in the town, 
 repaired on board tkt (i>.lp, which got under fail the 
 next morning. The Ek u 4vour was laiuted by the fort, 
 and by the Elgin Ea(t Lidiaman. which then lay in the 
 road ; but foon after thefe compliments weqe returned, 
 the fea-brecze fetting in, they were obliged to come to 
 anchor. SiiKe the arrival of the (hip in Batavia Ro«| 
 every pcrfon belonging to her had been ill, except the 
 fail-maker, who was more than feventy years ou), yet 
 this man got drunk every day while we remained there. 
 The Endeavour buried feven of her people at Batavia 
 viz. Tupia and his boy, three of the failors, the fervanc 
 of Mr. Green the aflronomcr and the furgeon; and at 
 the time of the vefTcl's failing, forty of the crew were 
 tick, and the red fo enfeebled by their late illnefs, as to 
 be fcarccly able to do their.duty. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 A Jifcriptrae account of ibe /orow of Biitavia, and the cininajacenl emnlry-'Ils varims trndu^ions tarliailarized-—Tbe 
 manners, culhms, and way nf IhHng of the inhabitants fully diJ'crihed--'Tbe Efideawmr fails from Batavia to Ibe Cape 
 of Good Hope — A» account j^ the inhabitants of Prince's Ijktnd, ■with a comparative vievtfof their language, •x.'ith that of 
 
 ' the Malay and Jdvanefe — The arrival of the Endeavour at ibe Cape of Good Hope-^Obfenattons on the run from Java 
 Head to ibat place — The Cape and St. Helena defcribed—Htmarks ou the HotttntotS'^Tbe Endeavour returns to England, 
 
 ' Md anchors in the tknens on IVednefday, June X2,i'^']V. 
 
 BAtavia.fituated in6 deg. to min. S. latitude, and 
 106 deg. 50 min. E. longitude from the meridian 
 of Greenwich, is built OH the bsnk of a ktrge bay; fome- 
 thing Qnore than tweifity miles from the Streight of 
 SunSi, on the north fide of the ifhnd of Java.onalOw 
 boggy ground. Several finaJI rivtrs, trhich rife fSrty 
 miies up the country, in ttie mowttaihs of Bfaieuii«ri'' 
 Ber^ duchargc themiUves into the fei at this plac^,' 
 
 ft 
 
 having ftrft interfeded the town m different diredlions. 
 Thereare wide canals of nearly (tagnated water in almoft 
 every ftreet, and as the banks of the canals are planted 
 with tre«i they appear at firft very agreeable ; buithefe 
 tnc^ and ^intaft' combine to render the air |>e(Vi)eTttia). 
 Sjiitte Of *♦« rivers are havigabR, more than thirty 
 iMIHupthe countr/i' and,^ indettd;- the Dut«^h appear 
 td^WM^hoTenthis fjiot to buMi^ town on, (or the' 
 
 fake 
 
■uatMMt 
 
 lAMi 
 
 COOK'i FIRST ¥0YAQE-4bt aakiat tiifh'&tHt, io th« Smf^&m * Roim* the ^H4^ §3 
 
 eftiont. 
 atmoft 
 planted 
 utthefe 
 ilemiat. 
 thirty 
 
 rS 
 
 fake 
 
 fake of water earriaae. M •Well cMMnknM Mnii 
 
 ffi«da every plaeelil the •««, rtecfi the tewM^aT 
 land. A writer mho fMbiiOwd an <««im of thto 
 place near 50 jretia «fl0. wakea the nuinbet of houfei 
 at that lime 4,760, via. i,t4» »«<* hoiifa.Mdi.aoo 
 Chinefe houfca. within the walbi and 1/B66 Dutch 
 hmiiet. and i.a40 Chinefthoofa, without the walla, 
 with 11 houfta for the vending ofarnKk. The ftreeta 
 of Bauvia being wide, and the houTa huge, it Itandi 
 on more ground (ban anjr pkKe that haa only an equal 
 number of houfca. In in weather a moA horrid 
 ftench arifea from the canala, and tainta the air to a 
 great degree 1 and when the raini have fo fweiled their 
 canala that thev overflow their banki, the ground-floora 
 of the houfca, in the lower part of the town, are filled 
 with (linking water, that kavci behind it dirt and flime 
 in amazing quantitiea. The running ftrcama are forne* 
 timet aa offienfive aa the ftagnant canala > for the bodiea 
 of dead aninuli lire frequently lodaed on the (hallow 
 pnrti, where they are left to putrify and corrupt the 
 air, eacept a Wood happeni to carry them awayi ihia 
 waa the cafe of a dead buffalo, while the crew of the 
 Endeavour were there, which lay (linking on the (hoal 
 of a river, in one of the chief (Ueets lor fcveral dayi. 
 They fomciimea clean thec»nalit but this bufineft it 
 pertormni in fuch a manner, as fcarcely to make them 
 left a nuifance than before, for the bottom being cleared 
 of itt black mud, it it left on the fide of the canal, till 
 it ia hard enough to be taken a way in boats 1 and as there 
 are no houfct for necefTary retirement in the whole 
 town, the filth it thrown into the canals regularly once 
 a day I fnthat this mud ii a compound of every thing 
 that can be imagined difagreeable and offenfive. 
 
 The new church in Batavia, ia a fine piece of build> 
 ing, and the dome of it may be feen far off at fea. 
 Tnia church it illuminated by chandelirn of the mod 
 fbperb workmanfhip, and hat a fine organ : mofl of 
 the other public buiklinga are ancient, conftrudtcd in 
 an ill talle. and |*ave a very compleat idea of Dutch 
 clumfinefi. Thenr method of building their houfet 
 fcemt to have been taught them by the' climate. On 
 the ground-floor there la no room but a laige hall, a 
 corner of which ii parted off for the tranfadtion of bu- 
 linefsi the hall has two doora, which arc commonly left 
 op^n, ami .ire oppofite each other, To that the air palTet 
 freely through the room, in the middle of which there 
 ia a court, which at once incrrafes the draft of air, and 
 affords light to the hallj the (lain, which are at one 
 comer, lead to large and lofty apartmenu above. The 
 female flavet are not permitted to fit in any place but 
 the alcove formed by the court, and this ia the ufual 
 dining place of the family. 
 
 Batavia is cncompafled by a river of (hallow water, 
 the (Vream of which ia vcrv rapid 1 within thia river, 
 which it of diflerent widths in various placet, ia an 
 old ftone wall, much decayed in many places, and with- 
 in the wall is a canal, wider in fome places than in 
 others, fo that there is no entering the gates of the town 
 hut by crolTing two draw. bridges; there are but few on 
 the ramparts, and no pcrfons are permitted to walk 
 there. There is a kind of citadel, or caftle, in the 
 N. E. corner of the town, the walla of which are both 
 broader and higher than they are in other parti t k ia 
 furniflied with a number of laige gunt, whkh command 
 the landing-place. 
 
 Apartments arc provided in this caftle for the go- 
 vcrnor-seneral, and alt the council ; and in cafe cm a 
 firge, they have ordert to retire thither. In the caflle 
 are likeuifc a number of (lore-houfea, in which the 
 efbdis belonging to the company are d«pofited. The 
 company have in their pofTefTion large quaniities of 
 gun-powder, which is kept in different placet, that the 
 lightning may not dcftioy the whole flock at once 1 a 
 great number of cannon are likewife laid up within the 
 cafile. I'here arc a great many fortt built in difleient 
 pv» of the country, fevcral miles diftam from Bm». 
 vio, moft pobably ttp&ed to>kcep the natii^ uk fiib> 
 qiiflion; and^ bendea tftcfir, there arc a nun^ of pju, 
 t^ed hou(e^ eitch maunting ejgbt gun^ which arfj^ 
 Ikftioned » to command tH6 canala and-dM lOodao* 
 
 I 
 
 (eA. 
 th« y 
 liDicd 
 
 Which 
 
 ... Thete are hmifkt of thia kind id haa 
 ' ;h« tdand of i»vai and the other illumk in 1 
 ourhor ij of whic^ (he Dutch have obtaiUcU po< 
 Thi cUtincIc ^ting rebelled againft (ham 
 •r i7««i, all th> <r principal .hduliel wen 4cm» 
 by the canUi )f one of^ ihefc fortified ho"'ic\, 
 It in the town i Houvu, uhc/e, likcwifc, tfacte 
 arc a k» more of thti 1. 
 
 The foadi or thia country a I ' banki i tftl 
 theditchci andcanalt. and thri< ihed Imw^ wng 
 creAed among the moraffea nr hcfe roadi, uthing 
 it eaficr than to dcflrojr then .nd (.onlcqu .,»ily to 
 prevent an enemy from brinftiiv. ^nv heavji artillcr/ 
 near the townt if, indeed, an tncmy oe onl^ hindered 
 a (hort time in hia approach, he is ctlcdtually ruined 1 
 for the climate will preclude the necelTity of the ufc of 
 weapona for hit deflrudion. Before the Endeavour 
 had been a week at Batavia, her crew began to feel the 
 ill eficAiof the climate 1, huirofthcm were rendered 
 incapable of doing their duty bcl'orc the expiration of 
 a month, I'hey were informed, that it was a very un« 
 common thing for $0 foldiers out of 100 brought from 
 Europe, to be alive at the expiration of the tarll year, 
 and that of the 50 who might hapiKO to be living, not 
 ten of thofe woukJ be in found health, and, probablyi 
 not left than half of them in the hofpital. 
 
 In Batavia all the white inhabitanti arc foldiert, andi 
 at the expiration of five yean fervice, they are bound to 
 hold themfelvet in readineft to go to war, if they (hould 
 be wanted, and the younger inhabitaou are frcquenily 
 muflcred t but at they are neither tnioed nor cxercifcd 
 .iftcr the expiration of the five years before-mentioned, 
 the little thev have learned ia foon forgotten. The In- 
 diana, of whatever nation, who refidc here, and havt 
 either kxen made free, or were born fo^ are called Mar- 
 dykert 1 but neither thefe nor the Chinefe arc acquainted 
 withfiieamui yet, at thefe people are faid topolTcfa 
 great perfonal bravery, much might be expcdtea from 
 their expert nfe of their daggers, fwords, and lances. 
 It would be a laborious u(k to atuck Batavia by land, 
 and it it not poffible to make any attack at all by fea, 
 for the fhallownefs of the water would hinder any velTcU 
 from advancing within cannon-(hot of the walls ; in« 
 deed there it barely depth of water for a Ihip't hxtg* 
 boat, except a narrow channel, called the river, which 
 extendt half a mile into the harbour, and it flrongly 
 bounded on each fide with pieri, the other end of it 
 being diredlly under the fire of the caftle, while itt 
 communication with the canalt of the rown i* pfe* 
 vented by a Iwom of wood, which it every night (hut 
 precifdy at fix o'clock, and never opened, (ill the fbU 
 lowing day. - 
 
 In the harbour of Batavia, any number of (hipt 
 mav anchor, the ground it fn eitcellenc that the anchor 
 Witt never quit ita hold. This harbdur ia fometimea 
 dangcniua for boats, when the fi».bree«t blow frefb^ 
 bur, upon the whole, it ia deemed |Jtc beft and tnoA 
 connmodioua in all India. There ia aconfidetable nuiw 
 her of iOanda, which arc fituated round the outfide of 
 the harbour, and all thefe are in the poffeflion of the 
 Dutch, who dcftine them to different purpofes. On 
 one of them, which is called Purmerent, an hofpital 
 it ercdtcd, on accoum of the air being purer than it H 
 at Batavia. In a fecond, tne name of which is Kuyper, 
 are ercdled numbers of warehoufes. wherein arc lodged 
 the rice and fome other commodities, which belong to 
 the Dutch Eaft-India Company 1 at this ifland thofe 
 (hips beionguig to different nations, which are to be 
 repaired atOunift, unload their cargoes: and it waa 
 heire that the ftoret of the Falmouth man of war were 
 bid up, whe« (he was condemned on her return from 
 Manilla : her warrant oflicers, of whom mention has 
 been made in the accooni of Captain Wallis's voyage 
 : were fen tn Europe in Dutch fhipi about half a jeat 
 brfoie the Endeavour anchored in the road of Batavia. 
 , A thitdof ihcA iflonds. the narae of which i» Edam. 
 ;*• Wnf"**** *» 'he reception of certain offenders, 
 vwlntt Cfimck^aft not dcemedi worthy of death, and 
 i ikkiMr ihaf^an tranfponed (tarn Holland, and detain- 
 ^od ftgmfiMiiafMt]; yean, in propoQion to the hciiHwf> 
 
 ncfs 
 
 I't 
 
 4 
 
 Hi. 
 
 i 
 
 IW' 
 
 
fH 
 
 «ij^ > e OOVK'i V'O Y A &»• O eM f> L't T #. 
 
 It i. .'■ ■' «i"i., 
 
 4 ; 
 
 i :« ii 
 
 f ■■ H 
 
 t\tb nf ihe oftimcc th«y hi^c mmmttlcd: iMkinfr'*'' 
 mpfi i» (h« prinet)Nil'tMirt nl iM tn)|>loyiMnt of iktik 
 rnmiKal*. ' ' ' .' ■ 
 
 •• The cn^ifom <if Mtnvbi hMr« ■ very plMflii^ db* 
 pcanMKe, imti Wouldt in •im^O attf tnhet otuntry. In 
 •iv^nvliiMcfiniiiiAn/(tnr(lciM and ttoufci occu^iy the 
 MiAtry fbr fitVrnil thJIn, hw the former nw fo covrrtd 
 \\ ith trtrt H, ih.it the tulvunt»^c uf ihc land hnvinf( hern 
 riciircd ol the UymkI that originally covered it, la aliMoll 
 %Mtty htl^)'Wh«la'thrr< tardaiu and thr liehit ad)*- 
 Cent KVihrJii are furrMncirit hy ditchta vhirh yield a 
 lUfj^tm^W inieil I and the hogi and tiMwaflrct in the 
 drijacem Nelds are (hll more ntlrnflvo. For the fpacc 
 nftiMre Ihnn 30 inilet brrond the ti)wn, the bind i> 10- 
 lally Alt, rxri|it in two placet, on one of which the f^n- 
 iernor'l rmincry feat it built, and nn the other they hold 
 a large m.iiket 1 but neither of thcfc pfccei ii higher 
 Ihrfn ten yardt from the tevd of the plain. At near 40 
 mile* from the town the land rifcs into hilla, tnd'the 
 air it purified in a great degree: to this dillance the 
 tnvalids arc fent by ihcir (rfiyficiani, when every other 
 prof|>ei5t ot° their rerovrry hax failed, and the exueri- 
 incnt nicicedi in almod every inlhinre, for the iicic are 
 rcllored to health ; btu they no Ihnncr return to the 
 town, thi)n.iheir, former difnrdrr. rcvifit them. On ihrfe 
 hills, the mnlt' oipulent of the inhahitanrt have country 
 le^ti, to which thcnr pay an annual vifit. 1 hofc uho 
 relide rnnlhintly on tnchilli, enjoy an ainiolf perpetual 
 flow of health j and nroll of the vegetables of Europe 
 
 Emw as freely there ai in their native ground ; the ftraw- 
 rrry in pnpti(^ufar Hdirifhci greatly, which is a futVu 
 olrnt prool of the coolncfs Of the air. 
 
 In this country rice it very plentiful, and, in order to 
 bt' brougiit to pcrfcdlion, fliould lie under water more 
 than hafi' the time it is growini;: but they have a fort 
 uhich grows onthc (ides of the bills, which itunkitown 
 in the WelUIndia illands t this fort h planted when 
 the wet fcaltm commences, and the crop ia gathered in, 
 Ibun after the rains arc over The maize, which grows 
 near Batavia, is gathered while young, and roailcd iA 
 the ear. I'he land likewifc produces carrots, celery, 
 parllcy, afparagus, onions, radiihcs, cabbages, lettuces, 
 iticumbers, Iciuiles, kidney-beans, hyflbp, fage, rue, 
 <Jhiiiefc white radithes, which, when boiled, are not 
 iinAikc a parfnip, common potatoes, fweet potatoes, wet 
 snd dry yams, millet, and the egg plant, the fruit of 
 Mhieh, when broiled and eaten with fait and pepper, is 
 mod exquifite food. Amazing crops of fugar arc pro> 
 duced here, and, while the quantity is beyond compa- 
 I'ilbn greater, the care of cultivation is Inconceivably 
 4efs than in the Weft-India iflands. White fugir is re- 
 tailed at two-pence halfpenny the pound; and arrack il 
 niadc of the molalTes, with a fmall addition of rice, dnd 
 the wine of the cocoa-nut. The inhabitants likewife 
 raifca little indico fbrtheirown life, but do not export it. 
 The fruits of this country are near forty in mimbcrt 
 and uf fome of thefc there are of fevehd kind*. P|ne4 
 apples grow in fuch abundabce, thkt they may be fMsr- 
 chafed, at the iirft hand, for the value of an En^lilh 
 farthing ; and wc bought fome very large ones tor a 
 halfpenny a-piece at the fruit-fliopi, ana their .nfte it 
 very excellent. They grow fo luxuriantly, that fevcn 
 or eight fuckers have been fcen adhering to One Qero. 
 The fweet orangei of Batavia, are good. of their kind, 
 but very dear at particular times. The (haddocks of 
 the Weft. Indies,, calltd here Pamplemoofts, have an 
 agreeable flavour. Lemons were very fcarce when the 
 Sideavour lay in the harbour, but limes were altogether 
 at plentiful, . and fold at little more than two-pence the 
 fcori:.. Thene are many kindi of oranges and lemons, 
 ' but none of them excellent. Of majigoet there 'are 
 plenty, but their taftc is far inferior to the melting 
 peach of England, to which they have been comparedl 
 It it faid that the heat, and extreme dampneia of tht 
 clinsatc does not raree with them, yet thercalt miknt 
 diffeicnt kinds of them. Of bananas, there-.nrfe aa 
 atnazing vwiefty of forts, fome of whiclbbcii^.l)C|iie<V 
 are eaten at breads while others are fried in; battaf;,anA 
 are a nouriftiing food: but of the numerowi Am«£ 
 fruit, three eoly are fit to be eaten : one, indeed,, it la^ 
 i 
 
 nwrkablr, bccwilir it ia ffiied with feed*, which are not 
 comnHM toiht rcf^t Cirapet arc fold from one (hillina 
 10 cightecti.pmar a pound, thoygh they are far fnirS 
 being good. The taniarihdt arc cheap ami plentifiil 1 
 but a» the HMNod of 'prefcrving them, which it in 
 lali, rtnden thkniB: mere Maclc liim|i, they arc equally 
 nUd'eating to the fight ami 10 the tiaUte.< The water, 
 mrtons are excellent of their kind, and are-f rtnluced 
 in gnat abundance. The ponipiont are boiled as lur. 
 hipB, and eaten Midi lilt ami pep|)cr. . 'I'hit fiuit is ad« 
 mirablyiidaMcd u» the uic of Voyagers, as it will keep 
 many mMUha. wlthmit care, andmakci art wtcWent 
 p)w, wh^ mixed with the juice of lemons and' fegar. 
 1 he papana of this country are fuperior to iumi|it, if 
 the tores are cxtratiled, after paring them when they 
 arc green. The guava has a llrong fmcll, and a tafte 
 not lefs dibgreeaMe i it is probable, that the guava of 
 the Wcfti.|ndicji, which nwny writers have diftinguitlu-<t 
 by their praitci, hta a very ditlerciu flavour. The 
 fweit lop u a fruit that has but little flavour s it abounds 
 in kirt!T kernels, fioiu which thr pulp is fucked. The 
 talle urihecullaril-apple very much refeinblet the dilh 
 from which its name is taken. The calheu apple ptok 
 du«.;es a nut which is not unknown in {■Ingland, but the 
 fruit has Ibch an allringrnt quality, that the Batavians 
 Icldoni eat of it : the nut grows on the top of the ap. 
 pic. The cocoa-nut it picntiflil in thii country, ami 
 there are fcveral kinds of this fruit, the beft of which it 
 very red between the (hell and the (kin. The jambon 
 is a fruit that hat but little taftc, but it of a cooling na« 
 lurc : it it conlidcrably li-fe than n common fized apple, 
 and thole that have grown to their full fize, are atwayt 
 the beft ; its ftiape is oval, and its colour a deep red. 
 01 the Jambu-eyer, there are two kinds, the white and 
 the red: they are (hapcd like a bell, and arc foine> 
 thing bigger than a cherry : they have no kind of tafte, 
 but that of a watry acid. The Jambu eycr inauwar, 
 linells like a rofe, and its tafte is not unlike that of 
 coniitrve of rofes. The mangoftan is of a dark red co- 
 lour, and not larger than a (mall apple : to the bottom 
 ut this fruit adhere feveral little leaves of the blolToms, 
 while on its tops are a number of triangles combined 
 in a circle: it contains' fevcrai kernels ranged in a 
 circular form, within which is the pulp, a fmit of 
 moft cxauiflte tnftct it is equally nutritious and agree- 
 able, and is conftantly given to perfons who are trou« 
 bled with inflammatory or putrid fevers. The fweet 
 orange uf this country is likewife given in the fannc dif- 
 orders. The pomegranate of the^ parts differs in no- 
 thing from that generally known in England. Thedu- 
 rion takes its name from the word Dure, which, in the 
 language of that country, means prickles, and the name 
 is well adapted to the fruit, the (hell of which is co- 
 vered with ftiarp paints, (haped like a fugar-loaf : ita 
 contents are nuts not much fmaller than chefnuts, which 
 are forrounded with a kind of juic refembling cream t 
 and of'lhis the inhabitants eat with great avidity: the 
 fiiKll of ihis fruit is more like that of onions, than any 
 other European vegetable, and its tafte is like that of 
 onions fUgar, and cream intermixed: the infide of 
 the duri.on^ when ripe, is parted, lengthways, into fc- 
 veral diviliona. The nanca is a fruit that fmella like 
 gai^ick and apples mixed together : its fize in the gar- 
 d.eiM of ^tAVia^ U not bigger than that of a midalin^; 
 (ized pompion, and its fhape is nearly t e famec it is 
 covered with pricklea of an angular form. We were 
 informed that, at a place called Madura, it has been 
 known to giov to fuch an enormous fize as to require 
 the ftrcngth. of two men to carry it. The champada is 
 itt; all rcwoAa like the nauca, only that it ia not fo large. 
 The ramWaii contains a fruit within which is a ftonc, 
 tliat is perbaps the flneft acid in the worhl : this fruit is 
 not unlike.aychefnut with its hu(k on ; and it ia covered 
 with finall prickles of a dark red colour, and fo foft as 
 to yiitld to the flighteft impreirion. The gambolan re- 
 femUcf a damafcen both in colour and fize, and it of a 
 \liti^ afltrinEcnt nature. The* bon bid«r» taftet like aii 
 apflle.. and it 'likewife extremely aftringeiM t its fize it 
 tk» t>f agooieberry, itt form niund, and its cokMir 
 >1 y.dlfl»u.i The nam nam makes an excellent fritter,, if 
 a fried 
 
COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for mMngDi/ctvtria ir> the Simlb Stat Ac Round thtlVtrld. %i 
 
 friett in baticr, but m not cfle in«l when raw: ihe rind 
 of It it rmigh. It« tftiRth to i mut ihrrc incHn, amt in 
 (hape not unlike thtt of • I \tdii»i. The cttappa and 
 the c»nii « arc two rpccica of itiii, the kernel* of which 
 •re like ttinfe of an almond, but (o hard, that it it al- 
 moft I MtpoflTible to break them. The mtd|a containt a 
 
 SNili) ot a fharp tafte, which to eaten with fuf^r: thii 
 ruit It covered with a hard (hell. The fiintal ii a fruit 
 Ti-arccly At to be eaten, being at onre alhin^nt, nnd, 
 and o4' a moft unpleafant laile, ^rt it it publicly Ibid in 
 th« niectt of Batavia: It cnniaint a number of kerncli, 
 wSiih are inclofed in a thick (kin. The r«tack ia nearly 
 of the (lie of a Tmall golden pippin, and containt a 
 few kcrnela of a yellow citlour, the talk of which it 
 not unlike that of a ftrawbcrryi but the covering of 
 this frMit i* very remarkalilc, at it confiftt of a luimtier 
 •( fr ■ 'ei, refembling thnfe of a lilh. The chcfrcma 
 ami ' ic blimbing, are twu four fruiia, exceedingly well 
 aditf <.ed to make four fiuce, and picklct. The blimh. 
 ilia bcffv it another fruit of the fantc kind, but confuler- 
 ably fwcctcr. 
 
 Of the fiuiit not in fcafon when Captain G)ok wai 
 at Batavia, are the boa aiap, and the kmfliip, which he 
 fiw prefcrvctl in fugar : and there arc fcvcral other 
 tortt which the B:itaviant arc Ibiid of, but they nrc ne- 
 ver eaten by Itrangcrt: among thofc arc the niormfr.i, 
 the gtiiliiiuina, the killer, and the (bccunu thn hiH 
 hat the ap^iearam e of the hicad-fruit which it ptcMitu ivl 
 in the idamU of the South Seat, but it it not near fo 
 good, though the tree on which it growt is ainioft v\- 
 atitly like the bread-fruit tree. At Bitavia vail (jii in. 
 tiliet of fruit are eaten. There are two market* hiM 
 weekly, at dillant placci, for the better .ivcoinimnlation 
 of thofc who iclidc indiflerent p.irt« of the councry. 
 Mere the friiit.fellcrt meet the g.ir(lcncrt, and purchaii; 
 the good* at low rates. \Vc arc told it is not uncom- 
 mon to fee hfty or ftxty loadi of pine-applet carclelly 
 thrown together at thofc r.^arkctt. Flowcrt arc ftrcwn 
 by the inhabitanti of Batavia and Java, about their 
 houfet, and they arcconftantly burning aronutic woodi 
 and gums, which it fuppofcd to be done by way of pu- 
 rifying the air from the Wench that arifct from the ca- 
 lult and ditchea about the town. ' 
 
 In thia country fweet-fcented flowera are plentiful, 
 nuny fpecies of which being entirely unknown, are 
 worth remarking. Thecombang tonquin, and com* 
 b.ing carcnafTi, arc particularly fragrant flowers, which 
 bear fcarcely any rcfemblaiwe to any of thofc flnweri 
 with which we are acq"ainted. They arc very fmall, 
 and fcem to be of the dog't-bane fpecies. The ca- 
 munga which it more like a bunch of leaves than a 
 Hower, is of a lingular fmeil, but very grateful. The 
 bon tanjong is of a pale yellow cad, and haf . very 
 agreeable fmcllt it ia about an inch and a hali in cir- 
 cumference, and conGlto of pointed leaves, which give 
 it the appearance of a (lar. 1'hc champacka rmclls 
 fomewhat like a jonquil, but is rather of a deeper yel- 
 low. A large tree upon the ifland produces thia flower. 
 There is alK> an extraordinary kind of flower called 
 fundal nuL ., which flgnifiei the intriguer of the 
 night. Th.^ .lower has no fmcll in the day-time, but 
 us night comet on, it has a very fragrant fccnt, and is 
 very much like the Engiidi tubcrole. Thofc flowers 
 being mad;: >.• > nofegaytof difl^crentlhapes, or llrung 
 u|ion thread, are earned through the llreet for falcon 
 ai) evening. The gardens of the gentlemen produce 
 federal other forts of flowers befides thcfe which we 
 have mentioned, but they are ikx oflfered to fale, bc- 
 cauCe there is not a fufljcicnt plenty of them. A plant, 
 called the pandang, is produced here, the leaves of 
 winch being thrcd (null, and mixed with other flowers, 
 the natives of both fexc* fill their cloaths and hair with 
 this mixture, which they likewifc fprinkle on their beds, 
 and flccp under this heap of fwects, a thin piece of 
 chmtz being their only covering. 
 
 Formerly the only fpicc that grew on the ifland of 
 Java was pepper. A confidcraue quantity it bnmght 
 from thence by the Dutch, but very little M it to maiic 
 ufe ot in the country. The inhabiunu prefer cayat^ 
 peoper, and are fond of cloves and nutmeg, but theft 
 
 No. IS. 
 
 firlt are too deir to be commonly ufcd. Near the ifland 
 of Amboyna are foiiM little iflcs, on whKh the cloves 
 grow, and the Obtch were not eafy till they all became 
 (heir property. Scarcely any (xher nutmegt are found 
 but on the lltond of Banda, which however furnifhcs 
 enough fdr all the nations that have a demand for that 
 comnioility. There are but few nutmeg-trees on the 
 coall of New Guineii. The ifland of Java, of which 
 we have already Iboken, produces horfes, buflaloci, 
 flieep, goats, and hogi. The fort of horfes faid to 
 have been met with here when the country was flrit 
 difcovcred, appeared tO be nimble animals though 
 fmall, being gem-rally fcldom above thirteen hand< 
 high. The horned cattle of this country are difl''erent 
 from thofc of JMirope. They are quite leani but of a 
 very fine grain. 1 nc Chineic and the natives oif Java 
 eat the hiilfaloet ftefh, which the Dutch conftantly re- 
 fute, Ix-ing imprellird u ith a flrange idea that it it fever- 
 i(h. I he flicep arc hairy like gouts, and have longeart : 
 they are niollly found to be tough and ill-tafled. There 
 hajiprning to he a few from the Cape of Good Hope 
 at liiiavia, li>ineof ihcin were purcnafcdat the rate of 
 one (hilling a [loiind. The hoffi, efbecially thofc of 
 the C'hineic (lu<.k, are very fine rood, but fo fat at that 
 the lean is re|>araccly fold the butchert, u ho arc Chi* 
 nefc i the far, they melt and fell to their countrymen to 
 be t.iten with ihcir rice. Yet though thcfc hogs are fo 
 fine, the Duttli prefer their own breed, and the confc- 
 Hiicnce iH that thefc latter arc fold at extravagant rate*. 
 
 As I he I'ortiigiierc flioot the wild hogt anddecr, they 
 arc r<)Iil at a luiKlcr.ite price, and arc good eating. As 
 (>) iho goats of thii country they arc at indifl'crcnt aithe 
 lliee(). l>ogH aiul tats arc found here in abundanrc^ 
 anil iherf arc numbers of wild horfes at a conlidcraWe 
 dillaiuc trom Batavia, on the mountain'!. Th.rcare 
 a tuv monkeys fien near the town ; but there are many 
 on the inoiintaint and Jcfart places, where there are alio 
 tygcrs, and a few rhinoccrofcs. 
 
 Of li(h an aflonilhing quantity is taken here, and all 
 are fine food, except a few that are fcarcc; yet the in- 
 habitants will not eat thofc that are found in abundance, 
 but purchafc thofc which are worfe and fcarcer, a cir- 
 cumflance that contributes to keep up the price of the 
 latter. A prejudice likewifc prevails among the Dutch 
 which prevents them from eating any of the turtle 
 caught in thefe parts, which are very good food, though 
 not equal to thofc that are found in the Wefl-Indies. 
 Very large lizards are common at Batavia; fome of 
 them arc faid to be as thick as a man's thigh ; and Mr. 
 lianks fltot one five feet long, which being drefl, proved 
 very agreeable to the tafle. We founa fnipes of two 
 diflcrcnt forts j and thruflies might have been purchafed 
 of the Pbrtugucfc, who were the only dealers in this 
 fort of birds, and venders of wild fowl in the country. 
 In the ifland are palm-wine, and arrack. Of the former 
 are three forts, the firft of which is drank in a few 
 hours after it is drawn from the tree, and is moderately 
 fweet ; the fecond and third forts are made by fermen- 
 tation, and by putting feveral forts of herbs and roots 
 into the liquor. 
 
 In Java, the religion of Mahomet is prefefled, for 
 which reafon the natives do not make ufe of wine pub- 
 licly: but in private few of them will ^refufc it. They 
 alfo chew opium, whofe intoxicating qualities prove its 
 Kcommendation to the natives of India. 
 
 \i we exclude the Chinefc, and the Indians of dif- 
 fereni nations, who inhabit Batavia and its environs, 
 the inhabitants only amount to a fnull number, not a 
 fifth pan of whom are faid to be Dutchmen, even by 
 defcent. The Portuguefe out-number all the European 
 fettleis on the ifland. The troops in the ferrice of the 
 flates of Holland, are compofed of the natives of al- 
 moftall the nations of-Europci but the greater part 
 of them are Germans. When any perfon goes to re- 
 fide at Batavia, he is obliged toenterflrflas afoldier, 
 to ferve their company for Ave years. Afterwards he 
 applies for a leave of abfence to the council, which be- 
 ing granted as a thing of eourfe, he engages inai^ bu- 
 iincis that he thinks proper to chufe. There is however 
 a lioct of policy in this matter,fince the Dutch have thus 
 Y always 
 
 ..* 
 
 -t 
 
86 
 
 m \ ! I 
 
 i» 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 I'. 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 always a forijc ready to arm and join their troops in 
 thiscountry upon any eimcrgency; all places of power 
 and profit are held by the IXitch, and no foreigner has 
 anv (iiarc in the management of public att'airs. 
 
 NotwithOanding all the men of other countries are 
 bound to obferve the rules above-mentioned, yet wo- 
 men from all parts may remain here unmoloftca. It ap- 
 peared that the whole place could not furnifh fifty fe- 
 males who were natives of Europe; yet the town 
 abounded with white women, who were defcended from 
 Europeans, that had fettled there at different times, all 
 the men having paid the debt of nature; for fo it is, 
 that the climate of Batavia deftroys the rtien much 
 farter than the women. Thefe women follow the deli- 
 cate curtom of chewing beetle, after the example of the 
 native Javanefc, whofe drcfs they imitate, and whofe 
 manners they copy, in all rcfpeih. Mercantile bufi- 
 nefs is conducted at Batavia with the flightert trouble 
 imaf^inable. When a merchant receives an order for 
 goods of any kind, he communicates the contents of it 
 to the Chinefe, who are the univerfal manufafturers. 
 The Chinefe agent delivers the effcifts on board the fhip 
 for which they are b fpoke, and taking a receipt for 
 them from the mailer of the vefTcl, he delivers it to 
 the merchant, who pays the Chinefe for the goods, and 
 refcrves a confiderabic profit, without the Icaft trouble, 
 rifque, or anxiety. But when a merchant im|X)rts goods 
 of any kind, he receives them himfdf, and lodges 
 them in his own w.irehoufcs. It may be ■ ^ndcred 
 thnt the Chinefe do not (hip the goods on their uccount, 
 but from this they are reftrided, and compelled to fell 
 them to the merchants only. The inhabitants of Java 
 dillinguilh the Portuguefe by the name of Oranferanc, 
 that is, Nazarcne-menj but thefe ufe the general term 
 of Caper, or Cafir, refpeding all who do not profefs 
 ihe religion of Mahomet, and in this they include the 
 Portuguefe. But the Portuguefe of Batavia are fo only 
 in name ; for they have neither any connexion with, or 
 knowledge of the kingdom of Portugal, and they have 
 changed the religion of the church of Rome, for that 
 of Luther; with the manners of the natives, they arc 
 wholly familiarifed, and they commonly fpeak their 
 language, though they are able to converfe in a cor- 
 rupt kind of Portuguefe. They drefs in the habit of 
 the country, with a difference only in the manner of 
 wearing their hair; their nofes are more peaked and 
 their ikin of a- deeper cart than that of the natives. 
 Some of them are mechanics and artificers, others fub- 
 liftby wartiingof linen, and the reft procure a mainte- 
 nance by hunting. 
 
 The Indians of Batavia, and the country in its neigh- 
 bourhood, are not native Javanefe, but arc either born 
 on the feveral iflands from whence the Dutch bring 
 their fiaves, or the offspring of fuch as have been born 
 on thofe iflands ; and thefe having been made free cither 
 in theirown perfons or in the perfons of their ancertors, 
 enjoy all the privileges of freemen. They receive the 
 general appellation of believers of the true faith. The 
 various other Indian inhabitants of this country attach 
 themfclvcseach to the original cuftoms of that in which 
 themfclves or their ancertors were born ; keeping them- 
 Iclves apart from thofe of other nations, andpradifing 
 both the virtues and vices peculiar to their own coun- 
 tries. The cultivation of gardens, and the confe- 
 quent fale of flowers and fruit afford fubfirtcnce to great 
 numbers of them: thefe arc the people who raife the bee- 
 tle and arcca, which being mixed with lime, and a 
 fubrtance that it called Gambir, the produce of the 
 Indian continent, is chewed by perfons of all ranks, 
 women as well as men : indeed fome of the politer la- 
 dies make an addition of cardamum, and other aroma- 
 tics, to take off the diiagreeabic fmell with which the 
 hreat'i would be othcrwife tainted. Some of the Indi- 
 ans are very rich, keep a great number of (laves, and 
 live, in all refpeds, according to the curtom of their 
 refpiedlive countries, while others are employed to carry 
 goods by water; and others again fubfift by fUliing. 
 The Oranflams, or believers of the faith, feed principally 
 on boiled rice, mixed with a fmall quantity of dried 
 rtirimps and other firti, which arc imported from China, 
 
 and a little of the flcfli of buffaloes and chickens ; they 
 are fond of fruit, of which they cat large quantities, 
 and with the flour of the rice they make fcveral forts of 
 paftry. They fometimcs make very fuficrb entertain- 
 ments, after the falhion of their rcfpcttive countries ; 
 but, in general, they are a very temperate (icoplc; of 
 wine they drink very little, if any, as the religion of 
 Mahomet, which they profefs, forbids the ufe of it. 
 When a marriage is to be folcmnizcd among them, all 
 the gold and filver ornaments that can be procuicd, arc 
 borrowed to deck out the young couple, who, on thcic 
 occafions, never fail to make the moll fplcndid appcar- 
 anccj fumptuous entertainments are given by thofe 
 who can afford them, which continue twelve or fourteen 
 days, and frequently more, during all which time the 
 women take care that the bridegroom rtiall not vilit his 
 wife privately, though the wedding takes place previ- 
 ous to the fertival. All thefe Indians, though they come 
 from different countries, fpeak the Malay language if 
 it dcferves that name. On the ifland of Java there 
 arc two or three different dialers, and there is a lan- 
 guage peculiar to every fmall ifland; it is conjedured 
 that the Malay tongue is a corruption of the language 
 of Malacca. The hairof thefe people, which is black 
 without a fingle exception, grows in great abundance ; 
 yet the women make ufe of oils, and other ingredi- 
 ents, toincreafe the quantity of it: they faffen it to 
 the crown of the head with a bodkin, having firrt twill- 
 ed it into a circle, round which they place an elegant 
 wreathe of flowers, fo that the whole head -drefs has a 
 mort beautiful appearance. It is the univerfal cullom 
 both with the men and women, to bathe in a river once 
 every day, and fometimcs oftner, which not only pro- 
 motes health, l^nf prevents that contradion of filth, 
 that would be othcrwife unavoidable info hot a climate. 
 The teeth of the Oranflams have fome particulars m 
 them well worthy of notice. With a kind of whctftone 
 they rub the cncls of them till they are quite flat and 
 even; they then make a deep groove in the teeth of the 
 upper jaw, in the centre between the bottom of each 
 tooth and the gum, and horizontally with the latter ; 
 this groove is equal in depth to a quarter of the thick- 
 nefs of the teeth ; yet none of thefe people have a rot- 
 ten tooth, though according to the dentills of England 
 and France, fuch a thing murt be unavoidable, as the 
 tooth is placed much deeper than what we call the 
 enamel. The teeth of thefe people became very black 
 by the chewing of beetle, yet a flight waffling will take 
 off' this blacknefs, and they will then become pcrlcdiy 
 white; but they are v.ory feldom wafhed, as the depth 
 of the colour is very far from being thought difagrcc- 
 able. Mort of our readers mull have heard of the Mo- 
 hawks ; and thefe are the people whoarcfo denominated, 
 from a corruption of the word amov.k, which will be 
 explained by the following rtory andobfervations. To 
 run amock is to get drunk with opium, and then feizing 
 fome offenfive weapon, to Tally forth from the houfc, 
 kill the perfon or perfons fuppofed to have injured the 
 Amock, and any other perfon that attempts to impede 
 his paftage, till he himfelf is taken prilbner or killed 
 on the fpot. While, Captain Cook was at Batavia, a 
 perfon whofe circumrt.-inces in life were independent, 
 being jealous of his brother, intoxicated himfelf with 
 opium, and then murdered his brother, and two other 
 men who endeavoured to feize him. This man, con- 
 trary to the ufual cullom, did not leave his own houfc, 
 but made his refirtancc from within it ; yet he had ta- 
 ken fuch a quantity of the opium, that he was delirious, 
 which appeared from his attempting to fire three muf- 
 quets, neither of which had been loaded, nor even 
 primed. Jealoufy of the women is the ufual reafon of 
 thefe poor creatures running amock for a-muck] and 
 the firrt objedl of their vengeance is the perlbn whom 
 they fuppofe to have injured them. The ollicer, tthole 
 bufinefs it is to apprehend thefe unhappy wretches, is 
 fuhnithed with a long pair of tongs, in order to take 
 hold of them without coming within the reach of the 
 point of their weapon. Thole who may be taken alive, 
 which is not often the cafe, are generally wounded; 
 but they are always broken upon the wheel ; and if the 
 
 • phy- 
 
COOKs FIRST VOYAGE— for making Diftovtrits in Ae South Stas ic Raund the fror/J. 9f 
 
 phyficiaii, who is appointed to examine their woonds, 
 thinks them likely to be mortal, tht punlflmicnt isin- 
 flidcd immediately, and the place of execution is gene- 
 rally the Ipot where the firft murder was committed, 
 A number ot' abfurd cuftoms prevailed aniong thcfe 
 people, and opinions nolefs ridiculous. They believe 
 th;u the devil, whom they call Satan, is the author of 
 licknefsandadvcrfity ; therefore, when fick.or in diftrcfs, 
 they olfcr meat, money, and other thing?, as propitia- 
 lory facrificcs. Should one among them be reftlefs, or 
 fljould he dream for two or three nights fucceflTively, he 
 imagines the Devil has laid his commands upon him» 
 when, upon ncgled to fulfil, he concludes his punifli- 
 IT-nt will certainly be fickncfs or death, though fuch 
 commands may not be revealed with liifficicnt per- 
 fpicuity. To interpret his dream, therefore, he ftraina 
 his wits to the uttcrmoft, and if, by taking it literaUjr 
 or figuratively, diredtly or by contraries, he can put no 
 explanation that fatisfics him, he applies to the Cawin 
 or pricrt, who unravels the myfterious fuggeftions of the 
 night, by a comment, in which it generally appears, 
 that Satan wants viduals or money. Thcfe arc placed 
 on a little plate of cocoa-nut leaves, and hung upon the 
 branch of a tree near the river, fo that it feems not to 
 be the opinion of thefe people, that ih prowling the 
 earth the devil " walkcth through dry places." Mr. 
 Banks once alked, whether they thought Satan fpent 
 the money, or cat the viduals -, they faid, that as to the 
 money it was confidcred rather as a muldl upon an of- 
 fcnikr, than a gift to him who had enjoined it ; and that 
 therefore if it was devoted by the dreamer, it did not 
 lignify into wliofe hands it came, and they fiippofcd it 
 was generally thr pu/.eof fomc ftrangcr who wandered 
 that way; but refpccling the meat, they were clearly of 
 opinion, that, although the Devil did not cat the grofs 
 parts, yet by bringing his mouth near it, he fucked out 
 all its favour without changing its pofition, fo that 
 afterwards it was as infipid as water. 
 
 Another fuperftitious notion of this people is ftill 
 more unaccountable. They imagine that women, 
 when delivered of children, are at tne fame time de- 
 livered of a young crocodile ; and that thofc animals 
 being received carefully by the midwifes, arc immedi- 
 ately carried down to the river, and put into the water. 
 The family in which fuch a birth is fuppofed . to have 
 happened, conftantly puts viduals into the river for 
 their amphibious relation, efpcciaHy the twin, who as 
 long as he livcsi, goes down to the river at dated times, 
 to fulfil his fraternal duty; for ao DmilTion of which, 
 according to the general opinion, he will be vifited with 
 ficknefs or death,. We are at a lofs to accotint for an 
 opinion fo extravagant and abfurd, efpecially as it feems 
 to be unconneded with any religious myftery.and how 
 it fliould be pretended r "happen by thofc who cannot ' 
 bt deceived into a belief of it by appearances, nor have 
 any apparent intered in the fraud, is a problem ftiil 
 •more difficult to folvc. The ftran^e bdief of this ab> 
 furdity, however, is certain, for which wc had the con^- 
 <urrent tcftimony of every Indian who was queftioned 
 «bout it; and as to its origin, it feems to have taken its 
 rife in the iflands of Celebes and Boutou, at which ' 
 places, many of the inhabitants keep crocodiles in their 
 families ; but however that be, this opinion has fprcad 
 over all the eaftern idands, even to Timor and Cream, 
 and weftward as far as Java and Sumatra. The craco- 
 dile twins are called Sudaras, and wc fliall here relate 
 one of the innumerable and incredible (lories, in proof 
 of their cxillcncc, as was. (:on(idently aflirmed, from 
 ocular dcmondrations ; yet for the credibility of this 
 relation we will not vouch. 
 
 At Bencoolen was born and bred among the Engliih 
 a young female Have, who had learnt a little of the lan- 
 . guage. This girl told Mr. Banks that her father, when 
 un his death bed, informed her that he had a crocodile 
 .for his Sudara, and in a folemn manner charged her to 
 ,^ive him meat when he fliould be dead, telling her 
 m what part of the river he was to be found, and by - 
 what name he was to be called up. That in confe- 
 -quencc of her father's iniun<flions, fhe repaired to that 
 pait of the river he hadi dcCcribcd, and flanding upon 
 
 the bank, called out Kadja Pouti, " white king;" where- 
 upon the crocodile came to her out of the water, and 
 eat from her hand the provifions flic had brought him. 
 Being dcfired to defcribc this paternal uncle, ilic faidi 
 that he was not like other crocodiles, but much hand-< 
 fomer„ that his body was fpotted and his nofc red ; 
 that he had bracelets of gold upon his feet, and ear- 
 rings of the fame metal m his ears. This ridiculous 
 tale was heard by Mr. Banks patiently to the end, and 
 he then difmiflfed the girl, without reminding her, that. 
 a crocodile with ears was as ftrangc a monder as a dog 
 with a cloven foot. Not long after this afervant whom 
 Mr. Banks had hired at Batavia, a fon of a Dutchman 
 by a Javanefe woman, told his madcr, that he had 
 fecn a crocodile of the fame kind, and it had been fccn 
 by feveral others both Dutchmen and Malays. This 
 crocodile the fervani feid was very young, two feet 
 long, .and its feet were ornamented ^ith bracelets of 
 gold. I cannot credit thefe idle dories, faid Mr. Banks. 
 The Other day a pcrfon aderted that crocodiles had ear- 
 rings, and you know that cannot be true, bccaufe cro- 
 codiles have not ears. Ah, Sir, replied the man, thefe 
 Sudara Oran are unlike other crocodiles; for they have 
 Ave toes upon each foot, a. large tongue that fills their 
 mouth, and ears likewife, though indeed they are very 
 fmall. Who can fet bounds to the ignorance of cre- 
 dulity and folly! However, in the girl's relation were 
 fome things in which die could not be deceived ; and 
 therefore mud be guilty of wilful falfehood. Her fa- 
 ther might command her to feed a crocodile, in <ton- 
 fequenceof his believing it to be his Sudara; but its 
 coming out of the river at her call, and eating the food 
 from her hand, mud have been a fable of her own in- 
 vention, and being fuch, it was impoldble that the could 
 believe it to be true. However, the girl's dory, and 
 that of the man's, evinces, that they both believed the 
 cxidriKe of crocodiles that were Sudaras to men ; and 
 the Kiflioniinvented by the girl may be eafily accounted 
 for, if we do but conlidert how eamedly every one de- 
 (ires to make others believe what he believes himfelf. 
 The Bougis, MacaOars, and Boetons, are fo firmly per- 
 fuadcd that they have relations of the crocodile fpecies, 
 that they perform a periodical ceremony in remem- 
 brance of them. Large parties go out in a boat, fur- 
 ili(hed with great plenty of provifions,. Rnd all kinds of 
 mufiG. They then row backwards and forwafdst ii^ 
 places of the river where crocodiles and alligators arc 
 mod common, (inging and weeping by turns, tach in- 
 voking his kindred,, <i1| 3^ crocodile appears, when the 
 mufic indantly dops,and provi(ions, betrtle, and tob^co. 
 are thrown into the water. This civility is intended 
 to recomipend themfclves to thcnr relations at homc;; 
 not without hopes, perhaps, that it will be accepted 
 indead of mere expenfivc offerings which may not be 
 in their iDOtt'er to pay. 
 
 The Chinefe dand in the next rank to the Indians, 
 and ire very numerous, but poWtk very little property. 
 Many of them live within the w»ll$, and are fliop- 
 keepers. Wc have already mentioned the fruit-fellers 
 of Pafliir PiflTang ; but others have a rich dock of li"- 
 ropean and Chmefc goods. However, the far greater 
 
 Cart of thefe people live without the walls, in a quarter 
 y themfelves, which is called Campang China. Mod 
 part of them arc carpenters, joiners, fmiths, taylor«, 
 dipper-makers, dyers of cotton, and eqabroidcrers. They 
 maintain the charadterof indudry, univerfally bedoucd 
 upon them I and many are fcattered about the country, 
 where they cultivate gardens, fow rice and fugar, or keep 
 cattle and bud'aloes, whofe milk they bring every day 
 to town. Yet nptwithdanding their commet)dabl<: 
 fpirit of iitdudry, we mud otMcrve, there i$ nothing 
 honed or dUhoneft, provided there is no danger of a 
 halter, that the Chinefe will not readily do for money ; 
 and though they work with much diligence, no 
 are fpanng of their labour, yetrto foooer have tWy 
 laid down their tools, than they begin co game ci'Nr 4t 
 oards or dice, pr at othcrdiveriions ttltogeiher Mt>A>)pwn 
 among Europeans. . To thcfe they apply w^h- ft'^'^ 
 eagernefs, as fcaKcly to allow time b)r nccedai7 re- 
 frefhments of lood and deep. In nmnncri thi)'- are al- 
 ways 
 
 J 
 
 m 
 
 f 
 
88 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLE T E. 
 
 li' 
 
 -I 
 
 "1 
 
 f , 
 
 '1 
 
 
 ways rather obfequious ; and in drefs they are remark- 
 zHy neat and clean, in whatever rank of life they are 
 placed. A dcfcription of their pcrfons or drefs is un- 
 ncceflkry, feeing the better kind of China paper com- 
 mon m L'ngland, exhibits an exa& reprefentation of 
 both, though perhaps with fome flight exaggerations. 
 With ref^i^t to their eating, they arc caliiy fatisfied ; 
 but the tew that are rich nave many favory di(bes. 
 The food of the poor is rice, with a fmall proportion 
 of flc(h or (i(h; and they have the advantage of the 
 Mahomcdan Indians, on account of their religion; for 
 the Chinefe, being iinder no rcftraini, eat, bcfides pork, 
 dogs, cats, frogs, lizards, fcrpcnts, and a great variety 
 of fca animals, which the otncr inhabitants do not con- 
 fidcr as food. They alfo eat many vegetables, which 
 an European, except he was perilhing with hunger, 
 would not tafte. They have a lingular cultom refjKdt- 
 ing the burying their dead ; for they cannot be prevailed 
 upon to open the ground a fecond time, where the body 
 has been depofited. On this account, in the neighbour- 
 hood of Batavia, their burying-grounds contam many 
 hundred acres; and the Dutch, pretending this to be 
 a wade of land, will not fell any for this purpofe, un- 
 lefs at an exorbitant price. The Chinefe, however, 
 contrive to raife the purchafe money, and aftbrd another 
 inftance of the folly and weakncfs of human nature, in 
 transferring a regard for the living to the dead, and 
 making that an objetl of (blicitudc and expence, which 
 cannot receive the lealt benefit from either. Under 
 the influence of this univerfal prejudice, they take an 
 uncommon method to preferve the body entire, and to 
 prevent the remains of it from mixing with the earth 
 that furrounds it. To this end they enclofe it in a large 
 thick wooden coffin, hollowed out of folid timber like 
 a canoe. This when covered and let down into the 
 gntvc, is furrounded with a coat of mortar, called 
 Chinam, about eight or ten inches thick, which in a 
 fliort time cements, and becomes as hard as ftone. The 
 relatives of the deceafed attend the funeral ceremony, 
 with a confiderable number of female mourners, hired 
 to weep. In Batavia, the lawrequires, that every man 
 (hould be interred according to his rank, which is in no 
 cafe to be difpenfed with ; fo that if the deceafed has 
 not left fufficient to pay his debts, an officer takes an 
 inventory of what was in his poiredion when he died, 
 and out of the piroduce buries him in the manner pre- 
 fcribed, leaving only the overplus ro his creditors. 
 
 The k>we(t clafs of people in this country are the 
 (laves, by whom the Dutch, Portugtife, and Indians, 
 whatevertheir rankor fituation,are conftantly attended. 
 They arc bought in Sumatra, Malacca, and almoft all 
 the kaftcm Iflandi: biit the natives of Java, very few 
 of whom live in Batavia, are exempted from flavery, 
 under the fandion of very fevcre penal laws, feldom we 
 believe violated. Thefc (laves arc fold from ten to 
 twenty pounds (Verling each; but girls, if bandfome, 
 will fetch fometimcs a hundred. Being of an indolent 
 difpofition, they will not do much work, and arc there- 
 fore content with a little viduals, fubfifting altogether 
 upon boiled rice, and a fmall quantity of the cheapeft 
 (i(h. They arc natives of different countries, on which 
 account they differ from csrh other extremely both in 
 perfon and temper. The Papua, as they arc here called, 
 or ,the African negroes arc the worft, moft of them 
 thieves and all incorrigible; confequently they may be 
 purchafed for the lea(t money. The next clafs to thcfe 
 arc the Bougis and MacafTars, both from the ifland of 
 Celebes; who in the higheft degree are lary, though 
 not fo much addided to theft as the negroes ; yet they 
 ■re of a cruel and vindiihve fpirir, whereby they are 
 rendered exceeding dangerous, cfjpecially as to gratify 
 their refcntmcnt, they make no (crupic of any means, 
 nor of facnficing life itfclf. Bdides thefc there are 
 Malays and (laves of other denominations : but the bcft, 
 <ii<d of courfe the d^re(t, are thofe brought from the 
 i(lB«dof Bali ; and the moft beautiful womeftfrora Nias, 
 a fmalP. ifland on th« coaft of Sumatra ; but being of 
 a render and^licatc conftitution, they quickly fall a 
 Tacrilke to the linwholeibfnc air of Batavia. All thefc 
 Saves arc wholly in the powier of theic ma'^crt, who iiMiy 
 
 3 
 
 infllft upon them anv ponifhment that does not taki 
 away life ; and (hould onio die in confequenceof puniili- 
 ment, though his death may be proved not to have 
 been intended, yet the mafter is callctl to a fcverc ac- 
 count, and generally fentenced to fufTer capitally. For 
 this reafon a mafter feldom corredls a (lave with his own 
 hands, but by an officer called a Marineu, one of whom 
 is ftationed m every diftrift. The duty of this officer 
 is to quell riots, and to take offenders intocuftody ; but 
 more particularly to apprehend runaway (laves, and 
 punifli them for fuch crimes as the mafter has fupport- 
 cd by proper evidence ; the punifhmcnt, however, is not 
 inflidled by the Marineu in perfon, but by daves who arc 
 appointed to the bufinefs. The punifliment is (tripes, 
 the number being proportioned to the nature of the of- 
 fence ; and the inftruments are rods made of rattans, 
 which arc fplit into tender twigs for the purpofe, and 
 every ftrokc draws blood. A common puni(hment cofla 
 the mafter a rixdollar, and a fcverc one a ducatoon, 
 about fix ftiillings and eight-pence. The mafter is alfo 
 obliged to allow a (lave, as an cncour.igement, three 
 dubbclcheys, equal to about fevcn.)%nce half-fienny a 
 week; this is alfo done to prevent his indulging his 
 ftrong temptations to fteal. 
 
 Rcfpcdling the government of this place wc can fay 
 but little. Wc obfcrved a remarkable fubordination 
 amonp the people. Every houfc-kceper has a certain 
 fpecihc rank, according to the length of time he has 
 (crved the company. The different ranks thus acquired 
 arediftinguiftied by the ornaments of the coaches, and 
 thedrclfes of the coachmen: fome ride in plain coaches, 
 fome are allowed to paint them with different devices, 
 and fome to gild them. The.caichmen alfo arc obliged 
 to appear in clothes quite plain, or ornamented in va« 
 rious manners and degrees. 
 
 The chief officer in this place has the title of go- 
 vcrnor-gencral of the Indies, to whom the Dutch go- 
 vernors of all other fettlcmcnts arc lubordinatc; and 
 Vney are obliged to repair to Batavia in order to hav* 
 their accounts paffed by him. Should they appear to 
 have been crimmal, or even negligent, he detains them 
 during pleafurc; fometimcs three years; for they can- 
 not without his permiftion quit the place. The mem- 
 bers of the council, called by the natives Edcle Hccren^ 
 and by the Englifti, Idoleers, are next in rank to the 
 governor-general. Thefc alfumc fo much ftate, that 
 whoever meets them in a carriage, arc cxpeded to rife, 
 up and bow, and after this compliment, they drive to 
 one fide of the road and ftop, till the members of the 
 council are part: their wives and children cxped alfo 
 the fanK homage, and it is commonly paid them by the 
 inhabitants. Some Englifh Captains have thought 
 this a flavi(h mark of rclpcift, derogiitory to their dig- 
 nity as fervants of his Britannic majcfty, and for thia 
 reafon have refufed to pay it; neverthelefs, when in a 
 hired coach, nothing but a menace of immediate death 
 could prevent the coachmttn from honouring the Dutch 
 grandee, at thecxpcnce of their mortification. 
 
 Wiihrcfpcdtothediftribution of juftice, it is ad- 
 miniftcrcd in Batavia by the lawyers, who have pecu- 
 liar ranks of diftiniflion among themfelves. Theirdeci- 
 fionsincriminal cafes rccmtobc fcverc with refpedl to 
 the natives, but lenient in a partial degree to their own 
 people. A chriftian is always indued with an op- 
 portunity of efcaping before he is brought to trial, 
 whatever may be his offence, and when convidted, he 
 is feldom punifhed with death. On the contrary, the 
 poor Indians are hanged, broken upon the wheel, and 
 even imp.-ilcd alive. As to the Malays and Chinefe 
 thcv have judicial officers of their own, named capuins 
 and lieutenants, who detemiine in civil cafes, lubjed 
 to an appeal to the Dutch tribunal. The taxes laid 
 upon thcfe people by the companyarc very confldcrabir, 
 among which, that cxadled for liberty to wear their 
 hair is not the Icaft. llic time of payment is monthly, 
 and to fave the charge and trouble of collcding them, 
 notice is given of this by hoifting a Hag upon the top 
 of a houie in the middle of the town, and the Chinefe 
 find that it is their intcreft to repair thither when a pay 
 
 Hment is due without delay. 
 At 
 
COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcovtr'us in the South Seas 6c Round the ff^or/J. 89 
 
 len a pay 
 At 
 
 At Batavia tiic current money cbnfifts of ducats, va- 
 lued at one hundred and ihlrty-tW(i (livers ; ducatoons 
 eighty ftivers ; imperial rix-doWars, fixty ; rupees, thirty; 
 fchcllings, fix; double cheys, two ftivcrs and a half; 
 and doits one fourth of a ftivrr. During our ftay here 
 Spanifh dollars were at five and fivc-pcnce > ahd we were 
 told they were never lower than five flilllinps and four- 
 pence, even at the Company's warehoilfe. For Englifii 
 guineas the exchange upon an average was nineteen 
 (hillings ; for though the Chmcfc would give twenty 
 fliillings for fomc of the brighten, thofe that were 
 much worn were valued at only fevcntcen fliillings. 
 There arc two forts of coin current here of the fame 
 denomination ; thcfe axe milled and unmilled ; the 
 former of which is of mod value. ' \ milled ducatoon 
 is valued at eighty flivers; and an unmilled one at no 
 mure than fcventy-two. A rix-dollar is equal to forty- 
 tight ftivers, about four (hillings and fix-pence Engli(h 
 currency. All accounts arc Kept in rix-dbllars and 
 ftivers, which here, at Iqaft.arc nominal, like our pound 
 ftcrling. • 
 
 On Thurfday, the ayth of December, early m the 
 morning, wc weighed, lefj the harbour of Batavia, and 
 ftood out to fea. On the 29th, after much delay by 
 contrary winds, we weathered Pulo Pare, and ftood for 
 the main. On the fame day paflTed a fniall ifland be- 
 tween Batavia and Bantam, called Mancater's iflandl 
 On Sunday the 30th, wc weathered Wapping and Pulo 
 Babi iflands. and the next day, being the 3 r ft, wc ftood 
 over to the Sumatra flrore. 
 
 On the morning of this new year's day, being Tuef- 
 
 n ^''y* J^""'"y ^^^ ' ^: *^ ftccrcd for th? 
 
 A. U, 1771. jj^yjj Ji^orp^ jnd continued OJr courfe, as 
 
 the wind permitted us, till three o'clock in the after- 
 noon of the ah, when wc cart anchor on the fouth- 
 eaft fide of Prince's Idand, in eighteen fathom wa- 
 ter, in order to recruit our ftores, and procure rcfrefti- 
 ments for the fick, many of whom were much wprfe 
 than they were at our departure from Batavia. Mr. 
 Banks and Dr. Solander, accompanied by the Captain 
 and other gentlemen, went a(horc. We met upon the 
 beach fome Indians, by whom wc were condutfted to 
 one, who, they faid, was their king. Having ex- 
 changed a few compliments with this perfon, we entered 
 uponbufinefs; but in fettling the price of turtle could' 
 not agree. Upon this we took leave, the Indians dif- 
 perfed ; and wc pro(.eeded alone ftibrc in fcarch of a 
 watering place. Wc happily focceeded in finding a 
 veiy convenient one. and had rcafon to believe, with 
 care ip filling, it would prove agreeable to oar wifiies. 
 On our return, fomc Indians, ^ho remained with a 
 canoe upon the beach, fold us three turtle, but wc were 
 obliged to promife, that we wou|d nottell the king. 
 On Sunday the (5th, wc renewed with better fucccfs our 
 traific for turtle. About noon the Indians lowerca 
 their demands flowly, infomiich, that before the even- 
 ing they accepted our ftipulated price, and we had tur- 
 tle in plenty. In the mean time, the three We had ^ur- 
 chafed were ferved to the (hip's company, who, till 
 yeftcrday, had not fed on fait provifions from the tirhc 
 of uur arrivial at Savu, wl^ich was now near three, 
 months. Mr. Banks, in the evening, paid a vifit to, the 
 king, by whom lie was received very gracioufly at his 
 palace, in the middle of a rice field, notwiihftanding 
 his majefty was bufity employed in dreffinff his own 
 fupper. "The day following, Monday the 7tn, the In- 
 dians rcforted to the nacnng place with fowls, fi^, 
 monkeys, fmall deer, and fome vegetables ; bu( no tur- 
 tle appeared till next day, Tuefday the ^th, after whkh 
 fome were brought to market every day, whileNvc ftaid, 
 but the whole quantity together was' not equal to that, 
 wc bougbt the day after our arrival. 
 
 Friday the i tth, Mr. Banks having received ini^lli- 
 gencc from a fcrvant he had hired'at Batavia, that the 
 Indians of this ifland had a towo fituated near the (here, 
 to the weft ward, he determined to go hi fearchof the 
 fame. With this view-he fctout iirthe morning,' ac- 
 companied by the fecond. lieutenant! and appretiend- 
 ing his vifit might not be agreeable to the natives, he 
 tQld fuch of then as he met. that ke was in fearch of 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 plants, which wns indeed alfo true. Having cohic to 
 a place where there were three or four houfcs, they met 
 with an old man, of whom they ventured to m»kc a 
 few enquiries concerning the town. He would have 
 perfuaded them, that it was at a ercat diftancc; but 
 perceiving they proceeded forward, he joined coi. ; iny, 
 and went on with them. The old man attempted fe- 
 vtjral times to lead them out of the way, though with- 
 out fuccefs; but when at length they came within fight 
 of the houfcs, he entered cordially into their party, and 
 condudcd them into the town, the name of which is 
 Samadang. It confifts of about four huiulicd houfcs, 
 and is divided by a brackifti river into two parts, one 
 called the old, and the other the new town. When 
 they had entered the former, they v.-erc accoftcd by fc- 
 veral Indians whom they had fccn at the trading place, 
 and 6nc!of them undertook to carry tlicm over to the 
 new town, at two-pence per head. The bargain be- 
 ing made, they embarked in two finall canoes, placed 
 aloiig-fide of each other, and laflicd together, to pre- 
 vent their dver-fetting. They landed fafely, though 
 not without fomc difficulty; and when they came 10 
 the new town, the people flicwed them every mark of 
 a cordial friend(hip, (hewing them the houfcs of their 
 king and principal people. Few of the houfcs were 
 open at this time, the inh.ibitants having 't>>ken up 
 . their refidence in the rice-grounds, to defend their 
 crops againft the birds and monkeys, who without thi4 
 nccelTary precaution would deftrcy them. When their 
 curiofity was fatisficd, they hired a large failing boat 
 for two rupees, value four (hillings, which conveyed 
 them to the bark time enough to dine upon one of the 
 fmall deer, weighing dnly forty pounds, which proved 
 to be exceeding good and favoury food. In the evening 
 we again went on ftiore, to fee how our people went on, 
 who were employed in wooding and watering, wh9n we 
 were told, that an axe had been ftolcn. Application 
 was immediately made to the king, who, after fome 
 altercation, promifed, that the axe (hould be rcftored^ 
 in the morning ; and it was accordingly brought to us 
 by a man, who pretended, that the thief, afraid of a 
 difcovery, had left it at his houfe in the night. 
 
 On Sunday, the i.;tb, having nearly complcatcd our 
 wood and water, Mr. Banks took leave of his niajcfty, 
 to whom he had made fcveral trifling prcfents, and at 
 parting gave him two quires of paper, which he gra- 
 cioufly accepted. During their converfation, the king 
 enquired, why the Englifli did not touch at the ifland 
 as they had u led to do. Mr. Banks replied, that the 
 reafon was, he fuppofed, bccaufethey found a deficiency 
 of turtle, of which theri^ not being enough ^o fupply 
 one (hip, many could not be expedcd; and to fu{^ly 
 this dete<a-, Mr. Banks advifed his majefty to breed cat- 
 tle, bt^ftaloes.and flieep; but he did not fcem tfifpofed. 
 to adopt this phident mcafurc. 
 
 OnMondtiyi the 14th, we had got onboard a good 
 ftock of frcftl provifions, confifting of turtle, fowl, 
 ' fifh, two (pecios of deer, one about the fizc of a (hcep, 
 the other not bi^er than a rabbit; alfo cocoa-nuts, 
 plantains,' lirri*fe,^hd other Vegetables. • "the deer, 
 however, ferved pnly for prefent ufe, for we could feU 
 dom keep one of them alive more than twenty-four 
 hours. 
 
 The trade on our parts, was carried on chiefly with 
 Spanilh dollars, the natives feeming not to fet value 
 upbn any thing elfe ; fo that our people who had a ge- 
 neral permi{non to trade, parted with old fltirts and 
 other articles, which they were obliged to fubftitute for 
 money to great difadvantaee. On Tiiefday, the i5tb, 
 in the inorning, we weighed, with a light breeze at 
 N. E. and ftood out to fea. We took our departure 
 from Java Head, which it in latitude 6 deg. 49 min. S. 
 ' and in longitude aj| deg. 13 min. Weft, 
 
 Prince's Ifland, wfhere we were ftationed about ten 
 ^ days, in tfc NiaTay Jimguagc, called PuloSclan, and in 
 that of the irtHabi|;ia|iti, Pulo Paneitan, is a fmall 
 ifland, fituated It^tKeweftern mouth of the ftreightof 
 Si^ida. It U wootly. a veff fmkll part of it having, 
 been cleared. Wc could perceive no remarkable hia 
 upon it I bu^afmajl eminence, juftovcr the landing 
 ^ place* 
 
 IL 
 
 
 ;5* 
 
 
 '^4 1 
 
 
9° 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ]■ 
 
 H 
 
 
 \ 
 
 alacc, has been named, bv the Engliih. the Pike. 
 Formerly thit place was much frequented by India fliipa 
 bcloneing to various nations, efpecialiy from EngUnd i 
 but of late they have forfakcn it, becaufe the water ia 
 bad, and touch either at North Illand, or at New Bay, 
 a fi;w leagues diftantfrom Prince's Ifland, at neither of 
 which places any confiderable quantity of other pro- 
 viHons can be procured; and, upon the whole, w£ 
 mud give it as our opinion, that Prince's Ifland is 
 more eligible than either of them ; for though, as we 
 have already obfcrved, the water is brackifh, if filled at 
 the lower part of the brook, yet higher up wc found it 
 excellent. 
 
 The 6r(l, fccond, and perhaps the third fhip, that 
 arrives here in the feafbn, may be well fupplicd with 
 turtle; butfuch as come afterwards mud be content 
 with fmall ones. What we purchafed were of the 
 green kind, and cod us, at an average, about three far- 
 things a pound. They were neither fat nor well fla- 
 voured, which circumflance we imputed to their being 
 long kept in pens of brackifli water, without food. 
 The fowls are large, and wc bought a dozen of them 
 for a Spanifli dollar, which is about flve-pence a piece. 
 The (mall deer cod us two-pence a piece, and the 
 larger, two only of which were brought to market, a 
 . rupee. The natives fell many kinds of fifli by hand, 
 and we found them tolerably cheap. Cocoa-nuts, if 
 they were picked, we bought at the rate of a hundred 
 for a dollar; and if taken promifcuoufly, one hundred 
 and thirty. Plantains we found in abundance; alfo 
 pine apples, water-melons, jaccas, and pompions, be- 
 lides rice. yams, and fcveral other vegetables, all which 
 we purchased at rcafonabie rates. 
 
 In this ifland the inhabitants are Javanefe, and their 
 Raja is fubjc£t to the Sultan of Bantam. In their man- 
 ners and cudoms they refemblethe Indians about Bata- 
 via; but they are more jealous of their women, for all 
 the time we were there, wc faw not any of them, except 
 one by chance in the woods, as flic was running a)vay 
 to hide hcrfclf. They profefs the Mahomedan religion ; 
 but not a mofquc did wc drfcover in the whole ifland. 
 While we were among them, they kept the fad called 
 by the Turks Ramadan, with extreme rigour, not one 
 of them touching a morfel of vidluah. nor would they 
 chew their beetle till fun-fet. Their food is likewife the 
 fame with that of the Batavian Indians, except the ad- 
 dition of the nuts of the palm, by eating of which, 
 upon the coad of New Holland, fomc of our people 
 were made fick, and fome of our hogs poifoned. We 
 enquired by what means thefe nuti; were deprived of 
 their noxious deleterious quality, and were informed, 
 that they flrd cut them into thin flices, and dried them 
 in the fun. then deeped them in frefli water for three 
 months, and afterwards, prefling out the water, dried 
 them a fecond time in the fun ; out after all, wc found 
 they arp eaten only in times of fcarcity, when thry ^^x 
 them with their rice to make it go farther. 
 ' The houfes of thefe people are built upon piles, or 
 pillars, and elevated about four or five feet above the 
 ground. Upon thefe is laid a floor of bamboo canes^ at 
 
 
 Prince's Island. 
 
 English. 
 
 j4TANEfE. 
 
 
 
 Jalma, 
 
 A man. m Qong lanang, , 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Becang, 
 
 Amman. - OongWadong, 
 
 m 
 
 
 Oroculauckc, - 
 
 A child. - Lart, .. 
 
 i -• 
 
 
 Holo, 
 
 The bead. - - Undaft,.,jj Fr- ri 
 Tbenofe. - - Eirung^ • •„ -.i. 
 
 ■nm 
 
 
 Erung, 
 
 1, -'i 
 
 
 Mata, 
 
 The eyes. - N^oto, ,• 
 
 <» 
 
 
 Chole, 
 
 Tbe ears. • - Ciipin^ t, 
 Tbe teeth. - - Untu, 
 
 ■ , 
 
 
 Cutock, • ' 
 
 *; 
 
 
 Beatung, 
 
 Tbe belly. - - Wuttong, 
 
 « 
 
 
 Serit, 
 
 Tbeiackfide. - Cfclit, 
 
 - 
 
 * 
 
 Pimping, -g „. 
 
 iiuifoaoor. ::^l-^ 
 
 7^*%Z^,, ,, j,. Fjoppo^ - 
 
 • 
 
 
 .?1v *«<■<.. ., ,«" D^ncul, • 
 
 
 ■1 
 
 Metis, 
 
 Cucu, . - 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 I jingan, - - 
 Ramo l^iijjwv,, . ^ 
 
 4bfi>4. - .f 1 
 
 nngan, • ■ 
 
 ft 
 
 %'nihrr.i 
 
 
 
 
 
 rt'/rll 
 
 
 .^; 
 
 1 
 
 
 fuch a didance from each other, as to leave a free paf- 
 fage for the air from below.. The walls alfo are of bam- 
 boo, interwoven hMrdlcwife, with fmall dicks, and faf- 
 tened perpendicularly to the beams which form the 
 frame of tne building; it has a doping roof, fo we|t 
 thatched with palm-leaves, that neither the fun, nor 
 rain can And entrance. The ground-plot, upon which 
 the building is creded, is an oblong Square. On one 
 fide is the door, and in the fpace between that and the 
 other end of the houfe, inthe center, towards the left 
 hand, is a window. A partition runs out from each 
 end of the houfe, which continues fo far as to leave an 
 opening oppoflte the door. Each end of the hoMs 
 therefore, to the right and left of the door, is divided 
 into two apartments, all open towards the paflagc from 
 the door to the wall on the oppofite fide. In that on the 
 left hand, next to the door, the children deep; that 
 oppofite to it it fortheufc of drangers; in (he iimcr 
 ropm, on the left hand, the madcr and his wife flc^p; 
 and that oppofite to it is the kitchen. The only difle- 
 rence between the poor and the rich, with re/pedl to 
 thele houfes, confids in their fize: but we mud except 
 the royal palace, and the hpufe of one Gundang, the 
 n -t man in riches and influence to the king; forthofc 
 mdead of being wattled with dicks and bamboos, arc 
 enclofed with boards. Thefe people have occafional 
 houfes in the rice fields, at the leafon when they are in- 
 feded with the birds and monkeys. They diflcr ool/ 
 from their town houfes, by being raifed ten feet indead 
 of four from the ground. 
 
 The inhabitants of this ifland arc of a good difpo- 
 fition; and dealt with us very honedly; only like other 
 Indians, and the retailers of fifli in London, they would 
 aflc twice, and fomctimes thrice as much for their com- 
 noodities as they would take. As what they brought 
 to market belonged in difl^erent proportions, to a con- 
 fiderable number of the natives, they put all that was 
 bought of one kind, as cocoas or plantains together, 
 and when we ha^ purcha£:d a lpt,they divided the mo- 
 ney that was paid for it among the proprietors, in a 
 proportion correfponding with their contributions. 
 Sometimes, indeed, they would change our money, 
 giving us 340 doits, amounting to five millings, for a 
 Spanifli dollar, and ninety-fix, amounting to two fliil. 
 Iiiu», for a Bengal rupee. 
 
 The natives of Prince's Ifland have a language of 
 their own, yet they all fpeak the Malay language. 
 Their own tongue they call Catta Gunung, the language 
 of the mountains. 'They lay that their tribe originally 
 migrated from the mountains of Java to New Bay, and 
 then to their prefcnt ftation, being driven from their 
 firft fettlement by tygers, which they found too nume- 
 rous to fubdue. Several languages are Ipokm by the 
 native Javanefe, in didia'ent parts of their Ifland ; but 
 the language of thefe pco|Ne is diflferent from that 
 fpoken at Samarang, though didant only one day's 
 journey fron^ the refidence of the Emperor of Java. 
 The following lid conuins feveral correfponding. words 
 ifi the languages of Prince's Ifland, Java, and Ma- 
 lj)(;ca. ' 
 
 MiMiAY. 
 
 Qran Lacki Liki. 
 
 Ruraropuan. 
 
 Anack. 
 
 Cajpalla. 
 
 Edung. 
 
 Mata. 
 
 Cuping. 
 
 Chigi. 
 
 Prot. 
 
 Pantat. 
 
 Paha. 
 
 Lontour. 
 
 Kauki. 
 
 Cucu. 
 
 Tangan. 
 
 Jaring. 
 
 h •. . . In 
 
COOK'S FiRST VOYAGE— for making Di/tevtriei in the South Seas 6c Round 'the H^orA/. ^'i 
 
 In thi« fpecimen the (fifferent pam of the body are 
 chofen, becaufe they are eafily obtained fifom thofe whofc 
 lanauaBe i* unknownj *nd it i» worthy of obfervation, 
 that the Malay, the Jatanefe, and the language in 
 
 SoOTH-SlA. 
 
 Man - 
 Maa - 
 Einu 
 Matte • 
 
 Outou 
 
 Euwa - 
 
 Owhe 
 
 Eu - . 
 
 Mannu - 
 
 Eyca 
 
 Tapao - 
 
 Tooura - 
 
 Eufwhe - 
 
 Eunnou - 
 
 Enammou 
 
 Hcaru - 
 
 Taro - 
 
 Uta - - Utan - - 
 
 But the fimilitude in thefc languages is more remark- 
 able in words cxprefling number, which fcems to 
 prove that ihey have one common' root. Mr. Banks, 
 with the afTiftance of a negro fla ve, born at Madagafcar, 
 and who was on board an Englifh (hip at Batavia,drew 
 up the following comparative table, from whence it 
 will appear, that the names of numbers, in particular, 
 
 Pdnce's Idand, have words, which ifnotexadtly (Inhilar 
 CO thofe ufed in the South Sea Iflands, are manifefily 
 derived from the fame fource, as will appear from the 
 following lift. 
 
 Malay. 
 
 Javanese 
 
 Mata - 
 
 . Moto - 
 
 Macan - 
 
 . Mangan > 
 
 Menum - 
 
 - Gnumbe - 
 
 Matte - 
 
 - Matte - 
 
 Coutou - 
 
 
 Udian • 
 
 - Udan - 
 
 Soufou 
 
 Soufou - 
 
 
 - Manny - 
 
 - Iwa 
 
 lean - 
 
 
 - Tai*an - 
 
 Udang - 
 
 - Urang - 
 
 Ubi - 
 
 - Urve - 
 
 Tannam - 
 
 Tandour • 
 
 Gnammuck 
 
 
 Garru 
 
 • Gam . 
 
 Tallas - 
 
 - Talus - 
 
 Prince's Island. 
 Mata - 
 
 Awe - 
 ' Mannuck 
 
 Soi7th.Sea Islands. Malay. 
 
 'i'ahie • 
 ilua - 
 Torou • 
 Haa 
 
 Keina < 
 Wheney 
 lletu - 
 Warn 
 Iva 
 Ahoura 
 
 Satou 
 Dua - 
 Tiga 
 
 Ampat - 
 Lima - 
 Annam 
 Tudju - 
 Delapau 
 Sembilan 
 Sapoulou 
 
 Javanese. 
 Sigi - 
 Lorou " 
 . Tullu 
 
 - Pappat • 
 
 - Limo - 
 Nunnam 
 
 . Petu ^ 
 
 Wolo • 
 • Songo 
 
 - Sapoulou 
 
 In 
 
 From the fimilitude between the Eaftern Tongue and 
 that of the South Sea, many conjc(fhjres may be fornned 
 concerning the peopling of thofe countries, which 
 cannot eafily be referred to Madagafcar. The people 
 of Java and Madagafcar appear to be a different race: 
 the Javanefe has long hair, and his complexion is of 
 an olive cad; whereas a native of Madagafcar is black, 
 and his hair woolly ; yet this will not conclude againft 
 the opinionof their having had commonanceftors : and, 
 poifibly, the learning of ancient Egypt might run in two 
 courfes, one through Africa, and the other chroueh 
 Afia, diffcminating the fame words in each, efpecially 
 terms of number, which might thus become part of the 
 language of people who never had any communications 
 with each other. 
 
 In the month of February we held on our courfe, 
 and made the beft of our way for the Cape of Good 
 Hope i but now the fiital feeds of difeafe, our people had 
 imbibed at Batavia, began to appear, with the mod 
 alarming fymptoms, in dyfcntencs and flow fevers. 
 Our fituation in a (hort time was truly deplorable, and 
 the (hip was little better than an hofpital, in which 
 thofe wno did duty, were too few to attend tholi who 
 were confined to their hammocks. Many of thefe Were 
 in the laft ftage of the de(tru<ftivc dilbrder; and almoft 
 every night we committed a body to the fea. Mr. 
 Banks was among the number of the (tck, and fbrfbiM 
 time we dcfpaircd of his life. In the courfe of fix weeks 
 we buried Mr. Sporing, a gentleman of Mr. Hanks's' 
 retinue, Mr. Parkmfon, his natural hidory painter. Mr. 
 Green the aftronomer, thebOatf<t'ain, the carpenter, and 
 his mate, Mr. Monkhoufe the midilhipmani our joHjr 
 fail-mnker,'and his alTidant, the cOok, the coroon\ M 
 the marines, two of the carpenters crew, A midlrripVnaii, 
 «nd pine tailors ; in all three and twenty ptikn^ti/tMti 
 
 English. 
 An eye. 
 The ear. 
 To drink, 
 fokiU. 
 Alott/ei 
 Rain. 
 
 Bamboo canei 
 A beaft. 
 A bird, 
 Aji/h. 
 Thefooti 
 Ahbflcr. 
 
 Tarns, 
 To bury, 
 A mufcbitoi 
 Tofcratcb. 
 Cocoa-roolti 
 Ill-land. 
 
 are in a manner common to all thefe coiintries : but we 
 muft obfcrve, that in the ifland of Madagafcar, the 
 names of numbers, in fome inftances, are (imilar to all 
 thefe, which is a difficulty not eafy to be folVed j yet 
 the fadt will appear unquel\iOnable from the following 
 lin of words, drawn up, as we h^ivc obfcrvcd, by Mr. 
 Banks. 
 
 Prince's Isle. 
 
 Madagascar. 
 
 ENGLISrti 
 
 Hegic - 
 
 life - 
 
 One. 
 
 Dua • 1 
 
 Rua - 
 
 Two. 
 
 Tollu 
 
 Tellou 
 
 Threci, 
 
 Opat • 
 
 Effats - 
 
 Four; 
 
 Limah " 
 
 Limi • - 
 
 Five. 
 
 Gunnap • 
 
 Ene •> * 
 
 Six. 
 
 Tudju - 
 
 Titou - -k Stvea. 
 
 Delapan 
 
 Walon 
 
 Eigbti 
 
 Salapan - 
 
 Sivi ^ ' 
 
 Nine. 
 
 Sapoulou 
 
 - Tourou - 
 
 Ten. 
 
 the feven that we had buried at Batavia; Such was the 
 havock difeafe made among our (hip's company^ though 
 we omitted no means, which we conceived might be a 
 remedy; and to prevent the infedion from fpre^ding, 
 we purified the water taken in at Prince's Ifland with 
 lime, and wadicd all parts of the bark between decks 
 with vinegar. 
 
 Friday the 1 5th of March, about ten o'clock P. M. 
 we brought the (hip to an anchor off the Cape of 
 Good Hope. Capt. Cook repaired iinmediately to the 
 governor, who chearfully promifcd him every refrefh- 
 ment the country afforded; on which a houfe was 
 hired for the fick, and it was agreed they (hould be 
 lodged and boarded for two (hillings each man per day. 
 Our run from Java Head to the Cape afforded few 
 obfervations that can be of ufe to future navigators, 
 but fome occurrences we mufl not pafs over in nlence. 
 We had left Java Head eleven days before we got the 
 general S. E. trade.wind, during which time, we did not 
 advance above 5 deg. to the fouchM-ard, and 3 deg. to 
 the W. having an unwholcfome air, occafioned probably 
 by the load of vapours, which the ea(icrn wmd, and 
 we(Verly monfbons, bring into thefe latitudes, both of 
 which blew in thefe feas, at the time we happened to be 
 there. Our difeafcs were certainly aggravated by thofe 
 poifbnous vapours, and unwholefome air, particularly 
 the itux, which was nut in the Icaft degree checked by 
 ahv medicine { fo that whoever was feifed with it, con- 
 fidered himfelf as a dead man 1 but we no fooner got 
 htto the trade wind, than we felt its falutary eAcdts. 
 It is true, we buried feveral of our crew afterwards, but 
 they were fuch aS had been takan on board in a (tate fo 
 low ahd feeble that there was fcarcely a poiFibility of 
 thefai recovery. Wc fufpcdt^d at fir(t, that this dreadful 
 diforder (ihi|(ht h<Ve bpCn g«Mifated by the water that 
 
 we 
 
92 
 
 .Gapt., 
 
 G QA*^ 
 
 Yi O 
 
 Y A (G £,8 
 
 :s. V , .1 ' H ' 
 
 C O M P L E T Ej 
 
 J. 
 
 hi '' ' r"' 
 
 •; M. 
 
 
 we took onbuaril at Prince's lflaui4i,ar b)!,t{ip turtle wi 
 purchased there t but thii (ijilf>tcion we feund lobi 
 groundlefs •, bccaufe afl the n\tp» that raiiic from i3ata- 
 via at the faine feafon, fuHercd in lik^ manner, ami 
 fome even more fcvercly, though none of them touchec 
 at Princess Idand in their way,.- ,. \ - . 
 
 Not manjr days after o^r acparture (rmn Java wc 
 were attended h^ thq boobies for fcveral nights fuc- 
 cefljvcjy, and as tlicfc birds arc ki)own to ropd every 
 night. on (horc, we concluijj-d l.icui was notfar diOant; 
 perhaps it might be the illand of Selam. which in 
 different charts, is very diticrently Inid down both in 
 naihe and fituacinn. After thefe birds had left us, we 
 were vifitedby'no more, till we got nearly. a-breait of 
 Madagafcar, where in latitude 37 dcg. three quar- 
 ters S. \vc law a'n albatrofs, the nunibcr of which in- 
 crcaPc'd every day, with others ofdiffcrcnt kinds, par- 
 ticularly one about the fi/.c of a duck, of a very dark 
 brown colour, with a yellowilh bill; and they be- 
 came more numerous as we approached the (horc. 
 When we got iptp foundings, we were vilitcd by gan- 
 ncts, which we .continued to fee as lotjg as we. were 
 upon the bank .that flrctches otV Anguillas to the dif- 
 tanceof forty leagues, and extends along (horc to the 
 faft\vard,,from Cape la I fc, according to fome charts, 
 one hundred and fixty leagues. The real extent of this 
 batik is not cxii£lly. known-, it is however ufefulafiadi- 
 reVlioh to Hiippin^ when to haul in. in ojrdcrto make 
 thclarW. ' 
 
 At the time the Endeavour lay at the Cape of Good 
 Mo^e. the Houghton Indiamcn failed for England. 
 S!it had buried near forty of her crew, and when (he 
 1l'I\ the Cape, had many of her hands ina hclplefs con- 
 dition, qccafion<;d by tijc (curvjr. Ochcr (hips lik«ttife 
 cxperieticcd a pra|^riionnblcjofs by licknei's; fo ttitit 
 our fufFcrings were comparatively light, CQnddcring that 
 wc had been abfcnt near three times as long. Wc con- 
 tinued at the cape till the 1 jth of April, in order to 
 recioycr.the fick, procure (lores, and to doifomc nccef- 
 fary work upon the tbip and .rigging. . Whtn this mat 
 finilhed we got all the' fick onboard, feveral o( wIkMii 
 wefe Hill in <i dangerous (late ; .and on Sunday the 1 4th, 
 having taken leave of the governor, wc unmoored, and 
 got. ready to fail. 
 
 The hiftory of Caflfraria is well known in Europe, 
 and a ddcrjption gf the Cape of Good Hope has been 
 giver) by in$»it of pur circuinnavigatorss yet wc think 
 a particular account of this country will be acceptable 
 to our ntimerous fubfcrUjers; and they will meet with 
 fome particulars which (ell under our obfervatinn, that 
 have either been wholly omitted or mifreprefcnttd in 
 othpr narratives. j 
 
 CafTiaria, or Caffrcria is well (itjiatcd for navigation 
 and commerce, both which atJvaiHagcs are almoll 
 wholly negledcd. The interior part ojf the country is 
 fertile,' but wants the benefit of cultivation. The in- 
 habitants are naturally fagacious, but their faculties 
 are ilb/brbed In indolence -, thus both the lands and 
 miildi bf fhc people require improvement; but left 
 cultlviitiorijii tnc firll (hould introduce luxury, and in- 
 formation in the laft produce difobcdiencc, neither of 
 thcH* are encouraged by the politic Dutch, who polTefs 
 a greai part of the . fca coaft. This country extends 
 about feven hundred and eighty miles from N. to S. 
 that is, from Cape Negro to the Cape of Good Hope, 
 from nehcc tiirnmg ^. E. to the mouth of the river 
 Spiiitd Santo, it rinis about fix hundred and fixty miles j 
 and prpfeediing up the country almoft tp the equinoxial 
 line,' it is about otic thoufand, feven hundred and forty 
 miles fiirtlicr. . In tome places it is nine hundred, and 
 in oihiri A6t abpve'fix ^undr^ broad. Caffraria is (b 
 lum'^d'froiTi thc.CafTres, its inhabitants; though foiitc 
 authW^afHj'iif,'that ,this name is J^ .term, of reproach 
 givetiby^V|e Afabs'td'all whohayclMitconfufcd noc^pns 
 of th^'<R!fty,'^j(nd' whicH'thc Pottugucro haive bf rm^ake 
 applltf^ffc.thcfc people.' , . 
 
 Trtj.Cij^iOf Good .l^pj^e,, w^ich is the mo(l.fou*v: 
 therrfjah'pf Africa, wis.hrft difcovwcd.A.D, tMji' 
 by Biqt&l6m;w Diaz, admiral of a Portuguese nAt, 
 
 wiio «i 
 
 when nrtu if,diftiflgui(h«dif by the namc.of Tafebdos 
 toros Tprmenios, or the Cape of all plagues ; (in*c- 
 whi<:b, noplaceinthcunivctlehas been mure fp<jki»n 
 of^ though little .of the counirt', except the coail, bis 
 been penetrated or known. The rcafon why it lias lb 
 much attradcd<hcMtcntf^^:marmcrs of all natiomi, 
 lit their beiMgoinder 4 necc(nty_of ffflqucntly callinjj 
 thKc for wa'cr or other" rcCrelhmcnu, a»>d «Ui) of dou- 
 bling it, in their voyagA to. the Eaft-lndies. Bur John 
 
 ; kinguf Portugal, notiikiag thejiann: •Which bis ad- 
 miral had b.'ftowedujfcn this largcpromor.tory, changed 
 it t« that iif Cabodc Bona Efperanca,^ tixt " Cape u( 
 Good Hop;," whtchappcUatiua.it haih.cNjcr fincc rc- 
 
 I tained. , _ , ; 
 
 Neither Diaz.norhis fucccfror\'arco<l«Ci»ma, though 
 thty faw tf e Cape, thought proper to land : but in 1 498 
 
 ■ the PottiiTudc -admiral Rio del Infanta, was the tirft 
 who vcnti'redafliore; and Qnm bis fcpwrt, Emanuel, 
 king of Portugal, on account of thq cligibiliry of the 
 fituation, determined to eflahlifli a coiuiiy, there; but 
 
 . the Portu^iefe, who are naturally pi^<\Iljiti*iipus, having 
 taken itino their heads, that the inhabitants of the 
 
 < Cape wer.' cannibals, were too much afraid of being 
 devoured, to obey their foi^crcign in makinjj the (Ittle- 
 ment he ntcnded^ however, fome rime afier, another 
 body of thpfc timid adventurers n»aUc good, thcii; Jatid- 
 ing, undsr thecondut^of Francis d'Almeyda,,, a vic^ 
 
 ' roy' of Brafil, when the Portugucfe were (hameliilly dcy 
 
 • foated by the (cnrco armed, and unwarlikc nat.iveii. 
 The viceroy and fifty of his men being kiiUd in thc«;n. 
 gagemcn:, the remainder retired with precipitation t» 
 their (hips. The Pojtuguefc were mucrfi difappoiuttij 
 and chagined at the idea of fuch martial fupcriority in 
 a people by them deemed at once favage arid dd|>i({a'r 
 ble. Ihey determined to be revenged; but not having 
 magnanimity enough to flicw a becoming reftntincnt, 
 they contrive- a mort inhuman and cowardly expedi- 
 ent. Atou: .wo years after, touching at the cape, 
 they landed with all the appearance of amity, a(;cpm» 
 
 ; ipanied w; th (Irong profefTjons of fricndfliip, and under 
 ^his mafl. brought with [hem a large cannon loaded 
 ' withgraj:e (liot. The unfufoc^ling natives, overjoyed 
 .by the gtlt of fo great a treafure, began to drag it away 
 . by the nii;ans of two long ropes, which had been prc- 
 vioufly fadcned to the muzzle, pri^at numbers laid 
 fiold of tf ic ropes, and many other: went before by way 
 of triumph, when the treacherous Portugucfe lirinc 
 p(T the cannon, a prodjgious (laughter enfucd, as m^U 
 of the pec pie flood withtn the range of the (hot. IV^any 
 were killc], fcveral wounded.; and the tew who cfcaped, 
 fibandoncd with the utmoll precipitation the fatal pre-*,.^ 
 fcnt. . :' -.ivi 
 
 About the year 1600, the Dutch began to toufih fH . 
 the Cape, in their way to and from the Eall-Indics|' 
 and beconingannually more fenfiblc of the importance 
 of the pla:c, they cfTeAcd a fettlcaicnt in 16^0, whicK 
 ifince that time hath rifcn to great pow er and opulcn<;e, 
 and been of elTential fervicc to that nation. • M. \'ai\ 
 Ricbeeck, a furgeon, in his return from .India. abfenM,., 
 ing the co iveniency of the place for a fcttlemcpt, aod-i 
 laying before the Dutch Eafl India Company a plan qf . 
 |ts advantages, the fchcmc was approvcu, and tliejHVr 
 jcdor appointed governor. This Adventurer ii^ilH^g 
 with four Ihips to the cape, entered into a negotiation 
 with the people, who, in confideiation of fifty, iihciu- 
 fand guilders, or four thoufand three hundred j^nd fq^t^ > 
 venty-fivc pounds fterling, agreed to yield up to tt«t ' 
 Dutch accnfiderable trad of country round (he Clape* 
 Van Ricbe<:ck, in order to fecure his newpurchafo, im- 
 mediately credled aft rong fquare fort; laid nut a, large 
 garden, and planted i( with a great variety of the pro> 
 ou<flionsfrcm Europe, that h< might render the |)ia{^.. 
 
 ?i cotnmodioasand agrecablisff polTible. Having lUus, - 
 licccfifuily founded a fettlement, the Dutch Copipan)i.. 
 ' wopofed, in ordcr.thc more cfTedually to.cXl^bliQt it, 
 1 V)at every mao, who.. «rpuld fettk ilw^c y<;ar* ap^ihej 
 > Oipe. fhoiulu have an Jplicr^ince of H^ty aqrciof Ifmrf^ 
 
 * droVlded ttat tl^Jilii thiiflj»ce;h».- W(wld|^ 
 
 » hb ilhiei^t'tb^Hirti^^WW^^ «a«»,iwfl[ huTifelft.^ 
 
 ^ aii^cdiittibllte^til^thiiig^ ww^s't'hc maintenjinc^^of 
 
 * the 
 
J. ■ 
 
 COOK'S I" IRST VOYAGE— for making Difcovtrks in the Somtb Seas & Round the H^or/d. 93 
 
 a tou|:h dt . 
 
 iUlHUieS) 
 mportancq 
 ^o, whkli 
 
 opulence, 
 M. Vai> 
 la, dbfer^r 
 ntcnt, and 
 
 a plaii of 
 
 U tlJC.JWOr 
 
 ircr fi^ilu^ 
 icgociatiuiv 
 fifty, lht>U- 
 cd i^nd ro- 
 up to thft • 
 (he CapCi 
 rchafe, im- 
 nut a, large 
 of the pro- 
 :r the (iiaix 
 iaving tUuS: 
 Copipaoy. 
 cll,-vbl(tl» U« : 
 cut. af, ,ih^j 
 
 AWihiiiiVclv 
 ntcpjincv.ot' 
 the 
 
 the ^arrifon ; anJ at the expiration of the time, he 
 miplit either keep iTolFeflion of it, or fell if, and re- 
 turn home. Induced by thefe projiofals, many went 
 to feck their fortunes at the Cape, and were furniflwd 
 imcredit with cattle, grain, plants, utenfils, ScC. The 
 planters, however, at hPffii grew weary of their ha- 
 bitations for want of conjugat focictys therefore the 
 povernors of the company, to prevent their leaving the 
 place, provided them with wives from the Orphan- 
 houCes, and other charitable foundations. In proccfs 
 of time they greatly increafed, and fpread themfeivcs 
 farther up the country, and along the coaft, till they 
 occupied all the lands from Saldanna Bay, round the 
 fouthcrn point of Africa, to Noflel Way, on the E. 
 and afterwards purchafcd Terra de Natal, in order to 
 extend their limits l\ill farther. 
 
 It appears, however, that on the firft fettlement of 
 the Dutch at the Cape, all the Hottentot tribes did not 
 acquicfce in the fnic of the country to foreignersj for 
 the Gunycmains diflTented from the agreement of the 
 others, .ind, in 1659, difputed the poflclTion of the 
 p»uchafed territories with the Dutch. They always 
 made their attack in boiilcrous weather, as thinking 
 the (irc-arms then of Icfs ufe and tff\CKy 1 and upon 
 thefe occafions they Vould n^urder indifcriminatcly all 
 the Europeans they could meet, burn down their houfcs, 
 and drive away their cattle. At length a Hottentot, 
 called by the Dutch Doman, who had relided feme time 
 at Batavia, and after trds lived at Cape Town, retired 
 to his countrymen, anu pcrfuaded them, that it was the 
 intent of the Europeans to enflave them, and ftirrcd 
 them up to war. Accordingly they took up arms, arid, 
 being headed by Doman, attended by another chief 
 named Garabinga, they committed great depredations. 
 But the Hottentocs themfelves at length growing tired 
 of the war, one hundred of them, belonging to one 
 nation, came unarmed to the Dutch fort, with a prefcnt 
 of thirteen head of fine excellent cattle, in order to fuc 
 for peace. This, it may be imagined, was readily 
 granted by the Dutch, who were heartily ficlt of a con- 
 tell, in which themfelves were fuch great lofcrs, without 
 reaping any advantages from it. 
 
 Notwithllanding all that has been faid to the con- 
 trary, no country we faw during the voyage, makes a 
 more forlorn appearance, or is in reality a more (lerile 
 defart. The land over the cape, which conftitutes the 
 
 e:ninfula formed by 1'ablc Day on the N. and Falfc 
 ay oti the S. confirts of high mountains, altogether 
 naked and defolate : the land behind thefe to the E. 
 which may be confidercd as the Ifthmus, is a plain of 
 vail extent, confiding almoft wholly of a light kind 
 of lea fand, which produces nothing but heath, and 
 is utterly incapable of cultivation. All the fpots that 
 will admit of improvement, which together bear about 
 the fame proportion to the whole as one to one 
 thoufand, are laid out in vineyards, orchards, and 
 kitchen grounds; and molt of thefe little fpots lie at a 
 confiderable diftance from each other. There is alfo 
 the greatell reafon to believe, that in the interior parts 
 of the country, that which is capable of cultivation, cf- 
 pecially what is fituated at no great didance from Uic 
 toad, does not bear a greater proportion to that which 
 is barren ; for the Dutch told us, that they had fcttle- 
 ments eight and twenty days up the country, a diftancc 
 equal at lead to nine hundred miles, from which they 
 bring provifions to the Cape by land ; fo that it feems 
 rcafonable to conclude, that provifions are not to be 
 had within a Icfs compafs. Wnile we were at the Cape, 
 a farmer came thither from the country, at the dif- 
 tancc of fifteen days journejr, and brought his children 
 with him. We were furprifed at this, and alkcd him, 
 if it would not have been better to have left them with 
 hit next neighbour. Neighbour! faid the man, I have 
 no neighbour within lefs than live days journey of me. 
 Surely the country muft be deplorably barren in which 
 thofe who fettle only to raifc provifions for a market, are 
 dif()erfrd at fuch diflanccs from each other. 1 hat the 
 country is eve^ where deflitutc of wood is a ccmin 
 fa& ; for timber and planka are imported from Batavia, 
 and fuel js atmoft as de«r as food. We faw not • tree, 
 No. II. 
 
 except in plantations near the town, that was fix foot 
 high I and the Item*, that were not thicker than a man's 
 thumb, and roou as thick as an arm or leg, fuch is the 
 influence of the winds here to the diliidvantagc nf vcgc- 
 ution, without conlidering the flerility of the foil. 
 
 Cape Town is the only one the Dutch have built htre, 
 and It cunliffs of about a thoufand houfes ncat4y built 
 of brick, whitcd in general on (he ouifiiie. They are 
 covered only with thatch, for the violence of the S. E. 
 winds would render any other roof inconvenient and 
 dangerous. I'he Hreeis are broad and coiumodious, 
 crofling each other at right angles. In the main oncii 
 a canal, on each lidc of which is planted a row of oaks, 
 that have grown tolerable well, and yield an agreeable 
 (hade. In another prt of the tou n is alfo a canal, but 
 the llope of the ground in the couric of both is fo great, 
 that they arc furniihed with lucks at intervals of little 
 more than fifty yards. The houfcs in general have 
 plcafant gardens behind, and neat court yards before 
 them. Building, as well as till.i^e, is greatly encou- 
 raged here, and land given for either purpofc to thofe 
 who chufe to accept of it t but then the government 
 claims an annual tenth of the value of the former, and 
 produce of the latter, and a tithe of all purchafc money 
 when cftatcs arc fold. The town extends from the 
 fea Oiore to the Company's garden, fprcading along 
 Table Bay. 1 he fort is in a valley at a fmall diftance, 
 its form pentagonal, it commands the landing-place, 
 and is garrifoned by two hundred foldiers. ITie gover- 
 nor'* llorchoufcs are within it, other officers bcfides 
 himfelf have itpartmenis here, as well as fix hundred 
 fcrvants: the fame numlxr of flavcs are lodged in a 
 commodious building in the town, which is divided 
 into two wards, the one for the men, the other for the 
 women 1 and there is a houfc of correction for the re- 
 ception of diflblute perfons of cither fex. The hof- 
 Sital for fick fcamen is of clTcntial ufe to the Dutch 
 ects in going to or returning from India. The church 
 U a large edi6ce, elegantly plains but the roof and 
 uceple are thatched, for the reafon already mentioned. 
 Thatchiiffi indeed, from the nature of the hurricanes, 
 feems abfolutely neceflaryi but from the method in 
 which it was formerly done, it appears that it was fre- 
 
 Siently attended with danger, and we were informed, 
 ere ufed to be (helving pent houfcs creded on both 
 fides the rtreets, to (lielter palfcngers in rainy weathers 
 but thefe brought the inhabitants under fuch dangers 
 and inconvcniencies, that hey were all pulled down by 
 order of government. lilors and Hottentots were 
 continually afTcmblip- -nd fmoaking their piprs under 
 them, and fometimLa, through carclcfsncfs fet them on 
 fire. I'hc government laid hold of that occafion to rid 
 the fireets of thofe feltows that were continually pcfter- 
 ing them, by publifliing an order, which is Itill in 
 force, and from time to time republilhed, that no Hot- 
 tentot, or common failor, fliali fnwke in the ftreet, 
 and that upon prefuming fo to do they (hould be tied 
 to the whipping port and be feverely lafhed. This has 
 kept the fireets clear of all who have no bufinefs there 1 
 for it is with great difficulty that either the fcamen or 
 Hottentots can forbear fmoaking while they are awake, 
 ifthey have tobacco, which they are fcldom without. 
 What is moll to be admired at the Cape is the Com- 
 pany's ^rden, where they have introduced almoft all 
 the fruits and flowers that are found in the othcr.thrce 
 
 auarters of the globe t inoft of which are improved, and 
 ouriih more than they did in their refpedlivc climates 
 and countries from whence they were brought t and the 
 garden is watered with fprings that fall down from Ta- 
 ble Mountain juft above them. Apples and pears are 
 planted here, with the grapes of Afia, as well as thofe 
 of Europe, all of a delicious flavour. Here are alfo 
 excellent lemons, oranges, citrons, figs, Japan apples, 
 and a great variety of other fruits. In thisplacc a much 
 
 Sreater proportion of the inhabiunts arc Dutch than in 
 Mavia: and as the town isfupportcd pripcipally by 
 cnteruining Arangers, and fupplying them with necef« 
 faries, every nmn to a certain dc^«c, imiutcs the man- 
 ners and cufloms of the nations with which he is chiefly 
 concerned. The ladies, howrwr, arc f9 fiiithiiil to the 
 a A mode 
 
 J ..'1. J 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
iiOSi 
 
 94 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPtETE. 
 
 }'■ 
 
 t ■ ■ i 
 
 M 
 
 I1 1 . 
 
 mode of their country, that not dnc of thcin will (lir 
 without a chaudpied, or chaufTct, which is carried by 
 a fcrvant that it may be ready to place under her feci, 
 whenever flic lit* down : though few of thcfc chaulTcti 
 have tire in thcin, which indeed the clitnate icndcra 
 unneceirary. 
 
 Nntwithf^anding the natural tlerility of the climatr, 
 induitry has fupplicd this place with all the ncceflk. 
 rics, and evcti luxuries of life in the greeted pmfulion. 
 I'hc beef and mutton are excellent, though the oxen 
 and (heep arc natives of the country : the cattle are 
 Ughtcr than ours, more neatly made, and have horns 
 that fpread to a much wider extent. The (heep are 
 clothed with a fubnance between wool and hair, and 
 have tails of an enormous fize: we faw Tome that 
 weighed twelve pounds, and we heard there were many 
 lutich larger. Gi)od butter is nude from the milk of 
 cows, but the checfe is very much inferior to our own. 
 Here are hogs and a variety of poultry i alfo goats, but 
 thcfe lad arc never eaten. Hares are to be found ex. 
 ai^ly like iholc in Europe; likcwifo many kinds of an. 
 tclopest quails of two forts, and buOards all well fla. 
 vourcd but not juicy. The fields produce European 
 wheat and barley « the gardens European vegetables i 
 fruit of all kindsi bcttaes plantains, guavas, jambu, 
 and other Indian fruits, but thcfe are not in pcrlcdiun t 
 the plantaiits, in particular, are very bad, and the 
 guavas no larger tnan goofeberrics. The vineyards 
 Nifo produce wines of various forts, but nut equal to 
 thofc of Europe, except the CUinOantia, which is nude 
 genuine only at one vineyard, about ten miles diRant 
 from the town. There is another vineyard near it, 
 where wine is made, and called by the fame name, but 
 >t is greatly inferior. 
 
 \\^th refpcd to the animals of this country, the wild 
 dirt'er in nocning from thofe found in other parts. There 
 are great numbers of domellic animals in the various 
 colonics and rettiements at the Capo, and the woods 
 and mountains abound with wild beads. The horfes, 
 which were brought originally from Perfia, are of a 
 bay or chcfnut colour, and rather fmall. The dogs 
 have a very unfightly appearance, and arc of little ulc. 
 Among the wild bcatU, the elephant claims the firft 
 place. The ri<inoccros is of a dark alh colour, and 
 has a fnout like a hog. A horn projei^ about two feet 
 tirom the nolc, reicrobling in fhapc a plougli-fliarc, and 
 of a grey dingy colour. With this he tears up the 
 ground, pulls up trees by thcirniots, throws large iloncs 
 over his head, and rips up the elephant, to whom he is 
 J mortal cnoDv. Another horn of about fix inches 
 long, turns up from his fcrehead. His legs are Ihort, 
 his cmS fmall, and his fcnfc of fmelling furprizingly 
 acute. When he fccnts any thing he purfues in a 
 right line, and tears np every thing m his way ; but his 
 c^es being exceeding fnull and fixed, he can only fee 
 llrait forward, fo that it is eafy to avoid him by Aep- 
 ping afide. as h.: is a long time in turning himfclf about, 
 and longer Hill in gettirw fight again of the obje<ft. He 
 w>n not attack a man witnout being provoked, or unlefs 
 lie is dreflcd in fcartet. When he has killed any crca> 
 turt,. he licks the Hefh from the bones with his rough 
 tongue, which is like a rafp. He feeds much on herbs, 
 thililcs, and a plant rcfcmbling juniper, and which, 
 trum its fonJncfs of it, is called rhinoceros-buih. The 
 blood, Ikin, and horn of this aninul, arc medicinally 
 ufed, and faid to be very efficacious in many difordcrs. 
 Wine, poured into cups nude of the horn, bubbles up 
 In a firaiige kind of fermentation, appearing as if boil- 
 ing. Should a fmall portion of potfon be put into the 
 wine, the cup fplits ; but if poifon only is poured into 
 the Clip, K Rics into a thouiand pieces; hence cupi 
 nuuie of this horn are deemed excellent fafeguards, and, 
 on that account,, uidejiendent of their^falwrious qua. 
 litics,. are lu|;hly valued. At the Cape, wolves are of 
 two kmds; the one refemhles a (beep dog, and is 
 fpotted lily^ a tyger j tbc cvher. is like an European 
 woif: they both jprowl aiiout, and do great mifchief in 
 the night-time, out lie concealed in the day. Lion*, 
 tygcrs, kopards, &c. alio, abound bore, and arc, f* 
 CTOublcComc, th.it the perfon who kills one of °^ith6r 
 
 fm, if reward A with twenty-five florins, or fifty tfiB^ 
 lings. The R (It of the liAn is efteeitted ca\M to veikt^ 
 fon, and the li . is much valued. Hen are mudi taigrr 
 bufTaloct than in Europe. They are of ■ brown ro> 
 lour: the horns are (hort, and curve towards the neck, 
 where they incline to each other. Between them is a 
 tuft of hair upon the forehead, which adds to the (Wrce- 
 nefs of the look. The (kin is exceeding hard, and the 
 flc(h rather tough. He is a ftrong (icrce creature, and 
 is enraged at any thing red, like msny other animah. 
 We faw here elks »ive (cet high, with horns a foot long. 
 This is a very handfome creature, having a hcautihil 
 head and neck, (lender legs, and foft fmooth hair of nn 
 afl) colour. Their upper jaw is larger than the undn. 
 the tail about a foot in length, and the flefli by the f'jipe 
 epicures is faid to exceed the beft beef. They run 
 fwilt, and climb the rocks with great agility, though 
 they ufiially weigh about four hundred pounds each. 
 Another lingular animal is that called (fink-box, from 
 its otlcnfivc fmell both living and dead ; it is about the 
 (iie of a common hoiifc dojr, and made much Ifk^ * 
 ferret. The goats are of various fpecies. One, rallit* 
 the blue goat, is of a line azure fdour. The fpctriil 
 goat is larger, and beautifully marked with broMn, 
 white, and red fpots. The horns ire a foot long. The 
 flc(h line eating. The rock-goat is no lai^er than a 
 kid, but very mifchievous in the plantations. The dt« 
 ving-goat is much like the tame one, and receives its 
 name from its method of fquatting down in the gr.ils 
 to hide itfclf. We faw another animal called a >nwr, 
 without any additional appellation, it iiof the (ir.cofa 
 hart, and extremely bcautilul. The hair of the (idea 
 and back is grey, (trrakcd with red. and that on the 
 belly white. A white llreak pafTes from his tbrrliead to 
 the ridge of his tail, and three others furround his body 
 in circles. The female hath no horns ; but thofe of 
 the male are three feet in length, and the flefh fs ex- 
 ceedingly delicate. The horns of the h.irt do mtt 
 branch like thofc of Europe; Kit the roebuck is in 
 every refpci.'f like ours. Wild cats are of fcvcrnl fortsw 
 The firif the Dutch call the civit cat, not that it is 
 really the animal of that name, but becaufe of the 
 fine fccnt of the (kin. The next is called the tyger- 
 cat, from its being very large, and fpotted like a tygcr. 
 The third fort is the mountain cat, which, as well an 
 the tame cat refemMes thofe of Europe, The fourth 
 fpecies i« denominated the blue cat, from its colour, 
 having a fine blue tinge, with a beautiful red lift 
 down its back. There is a fpecies of mice peculiar to 
 this country, called the ranle-moufe, which is about 
 the Hze of a fquirrel, and makes a rattling noifc with 
 its tail. It is vety nimble, lives upon nuts and acorns, 
 and purf like a cat. Among the hogs with which this 
 country abounds, is the wikihog, or rather wild boar, 
 which is very fierce, and harbours in woods; and the 
 earth hog, which is of a red colour, and without teeth: 
 this lodges like a badger in holes, and feeds upon 
 ants; thcfe he procures by forcing his long rough 
 tongue into their nills, from whence ne draws it with a 
 great number glued thereto. Many jackalls, fome er. 
 mines, baboons, monkeys, &c. are found about the 
 Cape; and frequently do great mifbhief in the gardens, 
 orchards, and vineyards. The porcupine is very com- 
 mon, nnd ',ts flcfb cltecmcd delicious. There are two 
 fons of wild afTes in this country, one of which is a 
 beautiful creature, called the zebra, and bears a greater 
 affinity in make and (hape to the horfe than the afs. 
 Indeed the cars ere fomewhat like thofc of the Litter 
 animal, but in a!' othtr rcfpedfs it has a mUCh more 
 nobk appearance. It is admirably well made, exceed- 
 ing lively, and (o extremely fwift, that it throws aU 
 moft every purfuer at a diftance. Its legs are fine; it 
 has a twifted tail, round ficfliy haunches, and a fmooth 
 (kin. The females are white and black, and the males 
 white and brown. Thefe colours are placed alternately 
 in the mod beautiful ftripei, and are parallel, didinf^, 
 and nanrow. The whole animal is dreaked in'this ad- 
 nitabic tpanner, Co u to appear to a diftant beholder as 
 «f covered irith riblKiMi. Mod naturaliftt affinti, that 
 the zebra never can be tamed. That which Wai ptv- 
 
 fentcd 
 
COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Diftevirm in the SoutTj ^"/ITrouiia the jy'orlJ. 95 
 
 Itnicd 10 her prcfeiu nuicftjr queen Charlotte, and kept 
 fincral yean at the ftablei near Buckingham.gatc, con- 
 tinued vicioui till its death, though it wai brnuglu over 
 young, and every poflible meant urcd to render it trac- 
 table : it fed upon hay, and the noire it made rather 
 fefcmblcd the barking of a maftifTdog, than the bray- 
 ing of an af». The camelopardalis, we were infornried, 
 hai been found in the cmintries round the Cape. Cap- 
 tain Carteret having, by order of hi« prefcnt majefty, 
 Rerfurnicd a voyage round the world in the Swallow 
 i»p of war, mention* ihii animal in a letter to the 
 late Ur. Matty, fccretary to the Royal Society. " From 
 the fcarcity of thi» creature (fays he) as I believe noni- 
 have been found in Europe, lincc Julius Ctcfsr's time 
 (when i think there were two of them at Rome) I ima- 
 gine a ntore certain knowledge of itn reality will not be 
 difagrecable tu you, as the exiOence of this fine animal 
 hai been doubted by many. The prefent governor of 
 the Cape of Good Hope has fcnt out partiex of men on 
 inland difcoveries, fomc of which have been abfent 
 from eighteen months to two years, in which traverfe 
 they have dircovcrcd many curiofltiei. One of thefe 
 partiea crolfcd many mountains and plains, in one of 
 which they found two of thofc creatures, but they only 
 caught the young one. This they endeavoured to bring 
 alive to Cape Town, but unfortunately it died. They 
 took oflf his (kin, and it has, a^ o confirmation of this 
 rruth, been fent to Holland." The (kin here alluded 
 to is now in the cabinet of natural hiftory at L«yden. 
 Linnaeus ranks this animal among the deer kind. Its 
 head is like that uf a ftag ; the horns are blunt, about 
 tix inches long, covered with hair, but not branched. 
 The neck rcfetnbles a camel's, only longer, being near 
 feven feet. It has a mane like that of a horfe ; feet, 
 ears, and a tongue like thofc of a cow t (lender legs, 
 the fore ones being conGderabty longer than the hinder; 
 the body is but Tmall, covered wjth white hair, and 
 fjiotted with red ; the tail is long, and bufhy at the 
 end; the upper jaw contains no fore teeth 5 he moves 
 both the fore feet together when he runs, and not one 
 after the other like other aninnals: he is eighteen feet 
 long tVom the tail to the top of the head, and is fixteen 
 feet from the ground when he hold* up his head. 
 
 A great variety of birdi and fowls are found at the 
 Cape, both wild and tame. Here are three forts of 
 eagles, namely, i. The bone breaker, who feeds on 
 tortoi(nf to obtain the flelli of which it ufes this lin- 
 gular method. Having carried the tortoife aloft in the 
 air, it drops it upon fome hard rock, by which means 
 the (hell is broken, and the eagle can ea(ily come at its 
 prey. 2. The dung-cnglc, which tears out the entrails 
 «f animals to fubliU on, and, though no bigger than a 
 CMPnton goofe, ii exceeding (Irong and voracious. 
 3. The duck-eagle, lb called becaule it feeds princi- 
 pally on ducks. Here are alfo wild geefc of three forts. 
 I. The water goofe, which refembles ours. a. The 
 mountain gooTe, which is the Urged of all, having a 
 green head, wd groco wings. 3. The crop goofe, fo 
 aamcdfrom iu remaitable large craw, of which bags, 
 packets, aiKi tobacco.pouchcs are made. All thne 
 kinds of geefie we fuch good eating> fo plentiful, and 
 lb cafily taken, that the people of the Cape do not 
 tltiok the tame goofe worth the trouble of^ breeding. 
 Hut «f alt chc numetous .birds that are to be found here, 
 flw 'flamingo is one of the moft Angular. It has a long 
 mck, and is laiger than a fwan: the legs are remark- 
 ably long, and of an orange tawny, aitd the feet are 
 like thoKofagoelc: the bill contains bkieteech with 
 black paints I the head and neck are cntirdjr whites 
 ttte upper part of the wings are of a bright fume co- 
 lour, and the lower black. 
 
 ■ Reptiles are very numerous at the Capie, patticulatl v 
 the foUowioff ferpoms^ i. The tree ferpem, ib cdlea 
 from MfttaUing the branch of a wee^ and frvAn Mng 
 fondoCvwinding itlelf about ttcct. 3. The afli co- 
 touted afp, fpeocled widi wiiite and. red, whidi is 6, I 
 veral yards l«». 3. The Aopt fei^ieii^ fo named from | 
 the amazing velocity with whith 11; ds^ itfidf at an i 
 «Mny«.Soniexalljttfae^.li^^«n«iM^^ I 
 
 •vwhitc (pots f^n^lgii)! ij^^, Wstti which m U 
 
 (kin is marked. 4> The blind How worm, a black 
 fcaly fcrpent, fportcd with brown, white, and red. 
 <. The thirll ferpcnt, or inflatner, a moft veiiomom 
 and dangerous fcrpent, ab«Hit three quartcis of a yard 
 long! it has a broad neck, black bark, anil is virv 
 aftive. 6. The hair ferpent, which is about three fei t 
 in length, as thick as a man's thumb, and received iri 
 name from its yellow h.iir. Its jwifon 11 fo malignant, 
 that nothing but the feri'mt f^one can present its ocing 
 mortal. Tnis (lone \» faid to be an artificial compo- 
 (Ition, prepared by the Bmmins in India, who keep the 
 fecret to themfelvcs. It is (liaped like a bean, in the 
 middle whitiih, the reft of a fky-blue. Whenever 
 this it applied, it (licks clnfe without bandage or fup- 
 port, and imbibes the poifon till it can receive no more, 
 and then drops off. Being laid in milk, it purges itfelf 
 of the venom, turning the milk yellow, and 10 is ap 
 plied again, till bv its not (ticking, it proves that the 
 poifon is exhaufteJ. 
 
 The neighbouring fca affords a plentiful fupply of 
 ft(h to the mhabitants of the Cape. The meat of the 
 fea cows is much admired. The flying (ifli, which has 
 wings like a bat, is reckoned a great delicacy. The 
 brown fi(h is as big as an ox, and is deemed good food 
 either frefh or falted. The bennct is near three feet 
 long, and weighs about feven pounds : the eyes and 
 tails arc red ; the fins yellow, and the fcalcs purple, 
 with gold ftreaks. The mear is of a crimfon colour, 
 and fo remains after it is drclTed j nevcrthclefs it is dc« 
 licious eating. The gold fifh has a (treak from head to 
 tail, circles round his eyes of a gold colour, it is ci;jh- 
 teen inches long, weighs about a pound, and its flelh^of 
 an exquifire talfc. TTic breffem is found only about the 
 Cape. Of this fifh there are two forts ; the one has a 
 black back, and purple head ; the other is of a dark 
 blue colour, and the former is rounder than the latter. 
 They arc both cheap and wholcfome food. The flbnc 
 bralfcm is good cither (rc(li or f;dtcd, refembles a carp 
 in make, but is more delicious in tafte. One fpecies of 
 this fifh is called (!.« nofe, from the lliapc of the head, 
 and is much more valued than the other forr. The red 
 (tone fi(h is exceeding beautiful to the eye, andcxqui- 
 fite to the tafte : the back is fcarlct fpotted with blue, 
 and bcfpangled with gold ; the eyes arc of a bright rcd| 
 and furrounded with a lilver circle, and the belly is of 
 a pale pink colour, has a (hining (liver tail, relemblei 
 a carp both in (hapc and tafte, and weighs about a 
 pound. Offhell-fifh, which are innumerable, there is 
 a Angular fpecies called Klin-koufen, which has an up- 
 per and under (hell, thick, rough, twifted, and incrufted. 
 In vinegar the cruft will drop off, and the ftiell exhi- 
 bits an admirable pearl colour. Sea-funs and fea-ftars 
 are fmall round ihell-fifh, and receive their denomina- 
 tions from the great variety ofpricklcs, which (hoot 
 from them like rays of light, llie fi(h called paggcr 
 has a prickly (hell, and is much dreaded by the people 
 of the Cape, as a wound from one of its protuberances 
 turns to a mortification, unlefs great care is taken to 
 
 Srevent it. The fea-fpout refembles a piece of mofs 
 icking faft to the rocks. It is of a green colour 
 emits water, and within is like a tough piece of fle(ii| 
 The torpedo, or cramp-ray is a vcrv curious fifli. The 
 body IS circular, the (kin foft, ifmooth and yellow 
 marked with large annular fpots; the eyes fmall, and* 
 the tail tapering. It is of different fizcs, and weighs from 
 five to fifteen pounds. The narcotic or benumbing 
 quality of this fifh was known to the ancients, and harh 
 fumifhed matter of fpeculation to the philofophers of 
 all ages. If a perfon touches it when alive, it inftantly 
 deprives him of the ufc of his arni, and has the fame 
 ef!e« if he touches it with a ftick. Even if one treads 
 upon it with a fhoe on, it a^tcas not only the leg but 
 the thigh upwards. They who touch it with the feet 
 are feiicd withaftronger palpitation, than even thofc 
 Who touch it with the hand : this numbnefs bears no 
 reTemblance to that which we feel when a nerve is a 
 long trnie prefled, and the foot is faid to be afleep : it 
 fttfier appean to be like a fudden vapour, which pafTing 
 Quough the pores m an inftant, penetrates to the very 
 ^pfiligS of life, from whence it diffufcs itfelf all over the 
 3 bod/ 
 
 .1:' 
 
 't ' 
 
 l^''^- 
 
 ¥: 
 
 'ill 
 
96 
 
 Capt. COOK'a VOYAGES COM PL ET E. 
 
 
 f 1 :: 
 
 hoAy, and gives real pain. The nrrvei are lb afTctfletl, 
 that the perfon ftruck inw^inct all the bones ot his 
 body, ana particularly thofc ol the limb that received 
 the blnw, nrc driven nut of joint. All thii i« accom> 
 panied with an univcrfal trenwr, a flduicri of the fto- 
 mach, a general cunvullion, ami a total fiifpcnnon of 
 the f^cultici ol the mind. In lliort, ItKh is the |)ain, 
 that ail the furco of our proniifis and luithority could 
 not prevail up<»n a fcanian to undcri^o the Ihock » (<:■ 
 conJ time. It has bicn «)blerveil, that the powers of 
 this fifli decline with ita llronuth, nnd entirely rcafes 
 t»hcn it expire*. Thu bemimbinn luiilty is of douWt 
 ufc to <ho torpedo: tirll it tiiiables it to get its prey with 
 great facility ) and fecondly it ia an admirable (kfcnrr 
 agairt(\ iti enemies, a$ by numbing a lilli of lupciior 
 fone with ita touch, it can caltly dcape. The naicotic 
 power of the torpedo is greater in the female than the 
 male. According to Appian, it will benumb the lilliri-. 
 man through the whole extent of hook, line ami roiI. 
 The ficlh of this remarkable lilh having, however, no 
 pernicious quality, is eaten by the people of the ( jpc 
 in common with others. 
 
 The air at the Cape of Uood Mope is faluL-iry in a 
 high degree; fo that ihofc who bring difcafcs from 
 Europe generally recover health in a mort time j but 
 the difeali's that are broutrht hither from India are not 
 fo cirtainly cured. The weather at the (Jiipe m.iy be 
 divided into two feafons, namely, the wet monfoon, 
 and the dry monfoon i the former hi-gins in March, ami 
 the latter in September ; fo that fummer commences 
 at the Cape alwut the time that it concludes with us. 
 The inronveniecies of the clinate arc cxtertive heat in 
 the dry fcafon, and heavy rains, thick fogs, and N. VV. 
 winds in the wtt feafon. Thunder nnd lightnuig are 
 never known here but in March and September. Wa. 
 ter feld«»m freeze*, and when it does, the ice is but 
 thin, and dilTulves u|wn the leall appearance of the 
 fun. In the hot weather, the people .iic happy when 
 the wind blow* from the S. \i. bccaufc it keeps off the 
 lea- weeds which othcrwifc would lloat to the fliore, and 
 corrupt there. The ap|Karance of two remarkable 
 clouds, which frequently hang over the fumroits of 
 the two mountains of Table-hill and Devil-hill, com- 
 monly enable the inhabitants of this country to prog- 
 noflicatc what weather will happen. The clouds are at 
 firft fmall, but gradually incrcaliny, they at length 
 urtitc into one cloud, which invelops both mountains, 
 when a terrible hurricane foon cnfues. A gcntlcnun, 
 who refiifed many years at the Cape, fa)-s, " ihc Ikirts 
 of this cloud are white, but fecm much comparer than 
 the matter of common clouds. The upper parts arc 
 of a lead colour, owing to the refraclcd ray* of light. 
 No rain falls from it, but at times it difcovers great 
 humidity, when it is of a darker hue j and the wind 
 iiruing from it is broken, raging; by gufts of fliort 
 rontinuance. In its ufual ftate, the wind keep up its 
 firft fury, unabated for one, two, or three, or eight days, 
 and fometimes a whole month. The cloud icejws all 
 the time undiminiflicd, though little fleeces are fcen 
 torn from the Ikirts from time to time, and hurried 
 down the fides of the hills, vanifliing when they reach 
 the bottom ; fo that during the ftorm the cloud fecms 
 to be fupplied with new water. When the clou.l be- 
 gins to brighten up, thofe fupplies fail, and the wind 
 proporiionably abates. At length the cloud growing 
 tranfjiarent, the wind ceafcs." During the continu- 
 ance of the S. E. winds, the T.-'hlc-valley is lorn by 
 furious whirlwinds. If they uiow warm, they arc ge- 
 nerally of fhort duration, and in this cafe the cloud 
 loon difappcars; but when the wind blows cold, it is a 
 fure fign it will laft long, except an hour or two at noon, 
 or midniaht, when it feems to recover new firength, and 
 aftcr\.ards renews its boifleruus rage. 
 
 Near the Cape the water of thtf ocean is of a green 
 colour, owing principally to the coral flirubs, arid the 
 weed called tromba. The firft, while in the water, 
 are green and foft ; but when expofed to the air, they 
 grow hard,' and change their colour to white, blacki or 
 red. The latter arc ten or twelve feet in length, hollpw 
 'ivithin, and when dry, become firm and ftrortg. . "IVy 
 
 are often framed into trum|icu, and the fpund chey pr(»- 
 ducc is very agreeable to the cor. 
 
 The fource* ofthc rivers in this country arc in the 
 mountain* : they glide over a gravelly battom, are 
 clear, pleafant, and filuh nous < but other llrrami are 
 dark, muddy, and unwholcfmne. Mere arc a few 
 brackilh fprings, whole w.«crs medicinally ufcd, «»catly 
 purily the blood i and fevertil hot baihs arc vuiy rlfica- 
 clouj in various difurdrrs. Upon the whole, the repu- 
 tation of the Cape waters is (b grr.ir, that every DaniiU 
 (hip returning (rom India, i* obliged to fill a large caJV 
 with the clear fwcct water that abounds here for the ulif 
 a( his Daniih inajeih'. 
 
 The foil in general auout the Cape ronfifls of a clayey 
 enrth, and is fo (at, that it reijiiiris but little manuring. 
 White and red chalk arc tound in abundance ; the 
 ».5rmer is ufed by the Dutch, to nhitewalh their houfcs, 
 and the latter by the Hottentot women to paint their 
 faces. Various bituminous fubilances of feveral colours 
 are found in Dnikenlloin colony, particularly a kind ot 
 oil which trickles from the reiks, and ha* a very rank 
 fmeH. With rcfpccf to mineral*, fiivcr ore liiw bern 
 found in Tome ol the mountains, and ,\H\> IcvuhI iron 
 mines. The Namai)ua HnttcntotH, who arc lituated 
 above thrt'C hundred miles from the tajK, bring copper 
 to trad: with ihc Dutch. 
 
 When we fpeak of agriculture, it is to be obfervetl, 
 that the luiropcans of the Cape, and their ktmU, arc 
 implied ; for the Hottentou in general detell the \ cry 
 idea of cultivation, and woiiM fnonrr ftarvc than iiU 
 the ground, fo greatly arc they addided to lloth and in- 
 dolence. The working ol the pbugh here is lu lab<iii< 
 ous from the Ailfhefs of the foil, tlut it fick|uently rc- 
 ijuires near twenty oxen to one plough. The fow ing 
 Icafon is in July, and the harvcd about Chridiiua. 1 h« 
 com is not thralhed with a Hail, but trod out by horfcs 
 or oxen, on an artificial Hoor made of cow-dung. (Irawi 
 and water, which when mixed together cements, and 
 foon becomes perfectly hard. It is laid in an oval 
 form. I'he cattle are confined bv halters which run 
 from one to the other, and the ariver (lands in ti» 
 middle, where he exercifcs » lone fikk to keep thcni 
 continually to a quick ptcc. By this rocthoct half 
 a dozen horfes will do more in one day, than a 
 dozen men can in a week. A tythc of the corn belongs 
 to the Dutch Company, and the red they purchafe 
 at a price iHpulated between them and the;, hid** 
 bandmen. 
 
 We have already obfervcd of the inhabiuats of the 
 Cape, that their number bears a greater proportion 19 
 the natives and firangcrs, than thofe in Batavia y and 
 have only to add, that the women in general arc very 
 handfome; they have fine clear (kins, and a bjooniof 
 colour that indicates a purity of conftitution, and high 
 health. 'Ihey make the belt wives in the world, both 
 as mifirelFes of a family and mothers, and there is 
 fcarcely a houfc that does not fwarm with children> 
 Thccoinnxm method in. which ftrangcrs live here, i» 
 to lodge and board with (bmc ofthc iithabitants, many 
 of whofe houfes arc always open fior their rccepitpn ; 
 the rates are from five (hillings to two a day, for which 
 all necefliiries arc found. Coaches may be hired itt 
 twcniy-ibur (hilling* a day, and horles at (Ix ; but.Lbe 
 country altbrds \4ty little temptation to ufc thfpi. 
 There are no public cnteruinments, and to thofe t^t 
 arc private, all nraogersof the rank of gcntkmea'«K 
 always admitted. .;u. 
 
 Wc come now to fpeak of the CaiTres or natives ff 
 this country, none of whofie habitaiioos, where they cc- 
 tain their original cuftoms, arc within lefs than four 
 days journey horn Cape Town; thofe that wc faw at the 
 Cape were all fervants to Dutch farmers, whofe canlc 
 they take cate of, and are emplc^yed in other drudgery 
 of thc.iwane^.|(ind. There are lixteen Hottentot 
 nations, which inhabit this fouthern proinontiiry ; ar 
 leaft, there are fo many :.iat holda cocrclfxindcncew^^ 
 the Dutch, though it is prefumcd, there arc nuny niore 
 to the northword. 
 
 I'he ftature of the Hottentot men It from five to ftK 
 
 feet in height, their bodies aic praportimiabb, and 
 
 4 well 
 
cook's first VOYAGB— for making Dijcvivriit in tht Soutb Seas fie Hound the // 
 
 "«/•/,/. 
 
 •portion (9 
 
 :avia v ai)4 
 
 arc very 
 
 bloom, of 
 
 and high 
 
 arid, both 
 
 there is 
 
 childrcnf 
 
 here, a 
 
 ■ny roorc 
 
 five to f« 
 lb. amt 
 wen 
 
 well nuwle : they are rddom either too fat or lean, and 
 fcarcc ever any crooked or dcrormcd perfoni anionKit 
 thcni, any farther than they diiHgure their children 
 thrtnrrlveiby Hattinuand brcakinu the grinks ol their 
 noJirii, looking on a Hat nofe at a beauty. Their head* 
 ai well ai ihcir cyci, arc rather of the iaroen : their liua 
 are naturally thick : their hair black and Ihort like the 
 prgroen, and they have exceeding white teeth : and after 
 thiy have taken a great deal ol pain* with grcafc and 
 foot to darken their natural tawny coniplcxiom, re> 
 frnible the negroci pretty much in colour. 'Ihc wonten 
 arc much Id's than the men » and what it moft remark- 
 able in them, ii a callous rtap or (kin that falls over the 
 pudrnda, and in a manner conceals it. The rejwrt of 
 whirh ufually excites the curiolity of the European 
 fpilors, to villi the Hottentot villages near 'Chc cape, 
 wiu'ic a great many of thofe ladies, on feeing a ftranger, 
 will ortlr to fatisly his curiolity hr a halfpenny, bcfiwe 
 a crowd of |)eople. which pertcdiy fpoiU the character 
 that Mr. Kolbcn has given of their modefty. 
 
 The head of the men are covered with grcafe and foot 
 mixed together I and going without any thing clfe on 
 their hciidi in the fummer-timr, the dulY flicks to it, 
 and makes them a very filthy cap, which they (ay cools 
 them, and preferves their head* from the fcorching 
 heat of the fun i and in the winter, they wMr Hat cajM 
 of cat*(kin or lamb (kin, half dried, which thiy tie with 
 a thong of the fame leather under their fliins. The 
 wen alio wear a kro(re or mantle, made of (beep Ikins 
 or other (kins, over their fliouldcrs, winch reaches to 
 the middle) and, being faiteni-d with a thong aliout 
 their neck, is open hetbrc. In winter they turn the 
 wouily or hairy lidcs neat their backs, and in fummer 
 the other : this fcrvcs the man for his bed at night ; and 
 this is all the winding ihect orcoflin he has when he dies. 
 If he be ^aprain of a village, or chief of hit nation, 
 inltead of a iheep.lkin, his mantle is madeoftyger- 
 4kina, wild cat.lkins, or fomc other (kins they (ct a 
 value iinon : but though thcfe mantles reach no lower, 
 ftenerafliy, than their wailts, yet there arc fomc nations 
 who wear them as fctw as their legs, and others that 
 liave them touch the ground. 
 
 A Hottentot alfo hangs about his neck a greafy pouch, 
 . in which he keeps his knife, his pipe and tobacco, and 
 fame dahka (which intoxicates like tobacco) and a 
 little piece of wood, burnt at both ends, as a charm 
 ' agaiKH witchcraft. He wears alfo three large ivory 
 rit^«R his left arm, to which he faftcni a bag of pro- 
 vifionswhcn he travels. He carries in his right hand 
 two Itickt, the firft called his kirri, which is about throe 
 *. ftet long, and an inch thick, but blunt at both ends ; 
 the other, called his rackum-(lick, about a foot long, 
 and of the fame thickncft, but has a fliarp point, and is 
 ufed as a dast, to throw at an enemy or wild bealV ; 
 which he feldom mifles, if he be within diftance. In 
 his left hand he has another (^ick, about a foot long, to 
 which is fadcned a tail of a fox or wild cat ; ana this 
 ferves him as a handkerchief to wipe off thefweat. 
 'I'hey wear a kind of fandals, alfo nfade of the raw 
 hide of an ox or elephant, when they arc obliged to 
 . travel through (toney countries t and ibmedmes have 
 btdkins, to pre(i:rvc their legs from bu(hes and briars; 
 but ordinarily their legs and thighs have no covering. 
 
 The women wear caps, the crowns whereof are a nttic 
 raifed ; and thctc are made of half dried (kins, and tied 
 under their thuis.' They fcarcc ever put them off night 
 . or day, winter or fummer. Theyuruallyweartwokroircs 
 or mantlcii, onctiponanothcr, and, as thefc areon'y fa(Ven> 
 rd with a thong, about their necks; they appear naked 
 down to the middle : but they have an apron, larger than 
 that uf the men to cover them before, and another of (till 
 larger dimenlions that cover their hind parts. About 
 their lej^ they wrap thongs of half dried (kins, to the 
 thickncis of a Jack-boot, which arefuch a load to them, 
 that they lift up their legs with difliculty, and walk very 
 muich like a trooper in jack-boots : this fetves both (or 
 diftiniftion of their fix, and for ornament. But this 
 a not all their, finery s if they arr people of any (^re, 
 inftead of a iheep (kin, they wear a tygar (kin, or n 
 mantle of wild cat (kin. They have alfo a pouch 
 No. II. 
 
 hanging about their necks, in which thrv carry loinv- 
 thing to eat, whether thev iire at home ur ubrutui, 
 with their dahka, tobacco, and pifir. But the prirtci^ml 
 oruamems both of men and women iirc brnfH or ^lals 
 bcadi, with little thin nlatii ol glirtcniig bral* and 
 mother uf pearl, whii h inry wkax in their hair, ni about 
 theircari. Ofthcfcglafsorliralii lieudH lliunK.thrv alio 
 make nciklacrji, bracekts tor the :iriii\ ami giiijirt, 
 wearing fcvcral llrinusol them about ilioir ni'i!%v, v«;iil(, 
 and arms, chuling me iinulk-it beads tor theit no k\ i 
 thofe arc lined that h.>ve moil llriogs of them, and ihiir 
 arms are (bmetimcs covered with bracelets trum the 
 w rift to the elbow. 1 he largeil beads are on the llnngi 
 about the middle : in thcie they allvct a variety ut 
 colours, all of which the Dutch fuiiulh them with, 
 and take their cattle in return. There i* another kiud 
 of ornament ^leculiar to the men, and that is, the blad- 
 der ol any wild brail they have killed, which is blown 
 up, and laftrned to the hair as a trophy oi their valour. 
 Ik>th (exes powder themfclvci with a dull they call 
 hachii ; and the women (pot their (aces w ith a red earth 
 or Hone (asoursdowith black patches) which is thought 
 to odd to their beauty, by the natives ; but, in the eyes 
 of Kuropeans, render* them more frightlul and (hocking 
 than they are naturally, liut as part ol their drefs, wu 
 otif^ht to have mentioned, in the lirll place, the culloiii 
 of daubing their bodies, and the inlidc of their caps and 
 mantles, with grcafe midfoot. Soon after their children 
 arc born, they lay them in the fun. or by the fire, and 
 rub them over with fat or butter, mixed with foot, to 
 render them of a deeper black, it is faidt for they arc 
 luiurally lawnyi and this they continue to do almull 
 every day of their lives, after they are growi> up, not 
 only tp increafe their beauty, but to ranuk'r t'.icir limbs 
 fuppic and pliable. As fnnie nations pour oil upon their 
 heads and bodies, fo thefe peopi* midic ufe of melted 
 fat ; you cannot make them a more acceptable prefcnt 
 than the fat or fcum of the pot that meat is boiled in, to 
 anoint themfelves. 
 
 Nor are the Hottentots more cleanly in their diet 
 than in their drcfst for they choofe theguls and entrails 
 of cattle and of foine wild beads (with very little cleanf- 
 ing), rather than the re(\ of the Hc(h, and cat their meat 
 half bniicd or broiled i but their principal food con- 
 fi(h of roots, herbs, fruits or milk : thev (aldoni kill .any 
 of thofe cattle, unlcfs at a fellival i they only feed on 
 fuch at die of themfelves, either of difcafeg or old age, 
 or on what they take in hunting t and when they arc 
 hard put to it, they will cat the raw leather that is 
 wound about the womens legs, and even foles of (hoes ; 
 and as their mantles arc always well (locked with lice 
 of an unufual fize, they arc not albamed to lit down in 
 the public ftrocts at the cape, pull oft the lice, and cat 
 them. And we ought to have remembered, that they 
 boil their nwat in the blood of beafts when they have 
 any of it. Thpy rather devour their meat than eat it, 
 pulling it to pieces with their teeth and hands, difcover- 
 ing a canine appetite and (iercenefs: they abftain, how- 
 ever, from fwines-Hcfti, and fomc other kinds o( meat, 
 and from (ifli that have no fcales, as rcligioully as ever 
 the Jews did. And here it may not be improper to fay 
 fomething of the maiugemrnt uf their milk and butter : 
 they never ftrain their milki but drink it with all the 
 hairs and naftinefs with which it is mixed in the milking 
 by the Hottentot women. When they make butter of 
 it, they put it into fomc (kin made in the form of a 
 foldier's knapfack, the hairy fide inwards > and then tw o 
 of them taking hold of it, one at each end, they whirl 
 and turn it round till it is converted into butter, which 
 they put up for anointing themfelves, their caps and 
 mantle;! with, for they cat no butter ; and the reft they 
 fell to the Dutch, without clearing it from the hairs and 
 dirt it contrafis in the knapfack. The Hollanders, 
 when they have it indeed, endeavour to feparatc the 
 naftinefs trom it, and fell it to the (hipping, that arrives 
 there, frequently for butter of their own making; and 
 fomc thev eat themlelves (but furety none but a Dutch. 
 man could eat Hottentot butter) and the dregs and 
 dirt that is left they give to their (laves; whtchliavln^ 
 been found to create difcafe.<s, the governor of the cape 
 * B fomctimcs 
 
 
 m 
 
 ,% {] 
 
98 C«pt. C 0.0 K ^ VOYAGES CO M.l* I. B T L. 
 
 IT, 
 
 ^ 
 
 j 
 
 IP 
 
 i 
 
 ,,.^. 
 
 It '/ 
 
 romrtimn prohtbili their givinn their llivn ihii (lull' bv 
 public cdi<^h which U not, however, much rrgarlicd. 
 The buttcr-fniW. without any manner of cleaning tir 
 ftrainina. the tlmtentoti drink thciulelyrii K'^'^K 
 wtiat they have !to Tpare to their lamltt and trivet. 
 Thtii irual drmk ii cow'ii mrik ur water, and the uo- 
 men 'ibmctimet drink ewe'i iitilk t but lhi« the iiKn 
 never touch: and it ii obfenrcd, that the women are 
 never CuAtredtn cat with the men, or cunw iwar them, 
 during the time oF their mrnfei. <■ 
 
 Since the an-ival of th^ Dutch among ihcm, it au- 
 pears thai the Hottentots arc very fond ot wine, hr.inii)', 
 and other fpiritunus liquori; (hcf'c, ami the l>ai|h' -s 
 »l»cady mentioned, the Vl»»llan(kri tr«ick for thcU l»^, 
 tici and though a Hottentot will turn fpit for a Dutdl- 
 man half a day for a draught or two of four wirtc, > Jt 
 db«hey ncvtr attempt to plant vineyards (as they Ice 
 thi: Dutch often do) or think of making wine thcmfclves. 
 
 We fhalt proceed, in the iKxt place, to give anuccount 
 ofiheirtownsandhONfcs,orrather,tlicirct(mpsAndteml. 
 
 •L4c the Tartars ami Arabs, they rcmofe their dwcl- 
 lings frequently for the conveniency of water and Irctli 
 parnire: they encamp in a circle tomi;d by twenty or 
 thirty tents, and'foineiimes twice the tnnnher, cimtigu- 
 ou« CD each oihcn within »Kv a.-'a whereof they keep 
 thtir Icirer cattle in the ni^ht, and the larger on the 
 ourlidc of their aamp r their tents, or, as Tome call 
 them, houftis, arc made with (lender poles, bent like 
 an arch, and covered \»ith man or Ikins, and fbme- 
 times both : ihcy are of an ovnl figure, the middtt of 
 the tent being «tiout the hei^sht of a man, and dc. 
 cre'afing gradually (the poles being (hortcr) towards 
 each end, the lowell arch, which is the door or en- 
 trance,' being about three feet hinh, as Is tht oppoiite 
 arcSi at the otheir end j the lon^jcft diameter of the tent 
 being about twelve or fourteen feet, aifd th; fliorteft 
 ten I aind in the middle of the tent is a (halldw hole 
 about a yard diameter, in which they make their fire, 
 and round which the whole family, conlilling of nine 
 or ten people of all agca and fexes, lit or lie night and 
 day in fuch a fmoak (when it \» cold, or they are dref. 
 fingof vii-luals) that it is impofllble for an Fluropcan 
 to bear it, there heiiig ufually no vent for the fmoak 
 bur the door, thou^ fomc have feen a hole in the to|^ 
 of fomc of their huts, to let out the fmoak. And give . 
 them light. Such a circle of tents or huts as has been 
 dcfcribcd, is called by the Hottentots a kraal, and fotnc- 
 times by the EurApeons a towii or village; but fee im 
 to be more properly a camp : for a town coniiils of 
 more fubdantial buildings, and is fcldom capable of 
 being-removed from one place to another; whereas 
 thcfe dwellings confln of nothing more than i'mall 
 tent-poles, covered with (kins or mats, which are move- 
 able, and carried a*ay upon their baggage oxen when- 
 ever they rcnwvc with their herds to a diftailt paOure. 
 As to the furniture of their tents; thcy.cbn(irt q( little 
 more than their mantles which they lie on, fome other 
 fkint of wild bealh they have killed or purchafcd, an 
 earthen pot they boil their meat in, their arms, and' 
 perhkps fomc other trivial utcnfils. The only domeftick 
 anitaals they keep, arc dogs, as ugly in their kind as 
 their matters, but exceeding ufcful to them m driving 
 and defending their cattle, ' 
 
 The Houentou are agreed by all to be the lazieft ge> . 
 neration under the fun : they will rather ftarvci or eat ' 
 dried (kins, or ll^ (blc at home, than hunt for their 
 food ; and" yet, when they apply themWves to the 
 chace, or any other excrcile, no people arc more adtive 
 atiddexteiousihan the Hottentottj and they fervc the 
 Europeans often with the greateft fidelity artd applica- 
 tiorv w»(aii- they contriwitto (erve them for wages: 
 theyMurt atib'exceeding generous «nd hofoitablc^ they 
 will^cavce^eat a picceoNvcnifoni or a dim of flm they 
 have cttcehed,' or drink thcirbclovrd draitu alone', but 
 callW llieii^iteighbounea partake with them as iiu'as it 
 wJlVgo. ". ••' 
 
 O^Kcming' their governracnt, people agree, that 
 every nation has its king op chief, called konqucr, whofc. 
 autiwrlty devolves upon him by hcrediury fucCeflkm ;! 
 aadjhat they do not - Arctehd to eleSt their rcfpcftive 
 
 fovrrcigns. That (hi* tinH has the ixiMir nl rfiiktnp 
 (wacc and war, ami pMiiiici In .aU tlien ooni ili Itxi 
 Luurls of jultur: I\mc ilx'ti/hu ftiil vntytiii liM (i> dr 
 limiied i and jImi \\o i,m dr,(i'ri)Dnir nKxhwin «'nlTi>ii( 
 the ciMifeitt <il |hi; ciptsun «^ (b# l<iti^ InWiU/vHo 
 fcviii to be iIhs UiiUeniot Grnttc, ' IIk' tstKsin'nlr^n^ 
 kiaJ, Hhulciiili«c^i«herHi|4«ry aldv i> llirii' kwhrin 
 tiiuc of war, and chiicfiiluttittruieni hit l*aal it^iKne 
 ofpotv«i and. with ,inr h»4kl«l.v«T *»*••>"•*. 'Urei^ 
 lyiiurs aU civil, ainl iiMUkiml f:iiii|(>««i(hNi<itir kinali 
 only iu«.h dilVrrrntci at hjpprn lietvtrvii-.Mse ktwlaiwl 
 anuihe/, and iiutlrsit uUitaic arc drKniiimd^f rhi- 
 kinjt and Iriuir. ,'(,'hrltw'«|i. linir. their aofval at 
 the ca)x, have prefejuid ihc kmg, ot dnct 0( ey«ry 
 n,iii«m of the 1 Ui((rn|4fts in 4lli:iMt c with tltini, Uiih « 
 l>raf<i crouM; and (he ca(MiiMM <it caih'krmi vtii4i a 
 hi^tii.hciiult'd lane, which ara n<»w the had^^-s oi ihrir 
 rclf^ilive uUtccii limiierly ihcy were di4linKVilli(<(t iNity 
 by liiicr Ikins, and a grcuirr variciy of bcMli and pfilt- 
 rcrinf; triricii. In tl\cir ciHinciU th«.ir king liii on hia 
 hcols in the ccnirr. and the capiams ot tlic krmls lit 
 Ih like miinncr.round about hii^i. At his nnMirmft,- • 
 ia laid, he promife; to obfervc their lunnnal culhniTsi 
 and giyis them an cntcriainiiK-m-, killing an iix, araff 
 two or three Hieep, ufxm the occalion ; on which he' 
 lead* his captains, Inil their wives arc onlv cntertaKTi^ 
 with the broth j bu» then ihe next day, vsc vt toUf,'''fiM' 
 Hottentot majeP trraia the ladies, and ihtnr tiiiuanal 
 are put.of^in Id .jnnnner with theioiif;. t •<.- 
 
 Thie captain of each kraal alfn, at his arcodlon, h\J 
 gages to oblcrve the culloma of his kraal, ami idaUlt' 
 an entertainment for the men, as his lady due» tht neVl' 
 day lor ihc women;. and, th<iup;h ibcic \icbpie (HcV 
 their chief* great tclpn'f, they allow nnthcr their liiflg" 
 or inlcrior iiiagiiliwtcy any nvcnuei- ihey ftibm*,^* 
 other families do, upon their Huqk of natdc, anri*«rfiaf> 
 ' they take in hunting. , •• •.> . ?,•!>/' • 
 
 . Havii\g no notion oC writing or lettehithe)) cnn h.iii** 
 no written laws ; but there, are fo/nc aHnonrttiMtMia', 
 from which they fcarce ever, doviatcw Nhndct-, .*iW^a| 
 tcry and robbery, they conlhintly punilhrt»irt<>»ru(h / 
 and, if a pcrfon is fufpeifled of any oMilefif crinief,' 
 the whole kraal join in fejxing and lecurifig MHtk^^hiut 
 the guilty perfon IbHictiines makes his cicapc to'tli4> 
 mountains, where robbers and criminals like himM^' 
 fecure themfelves from juflke, and irrquently pluiKkr- 
 the neighbouring counuy > for no other -kraal or niUsait' 
 of Hottentois will entertain a ftranger.'unlefil he; ft 
 known to them, and can give a good reafon fbt lca«ii^' 
 his own kraal. |lf the offender is apprehended, the ca|i»s * 
 uin .atTcmbles the people of bis kraal iir vday ai" tvO'f 
 who, making a ring, and iitting down vport tficft-** 
 hceli, the criminal is placed in the ccntcr-of them ■ ihe 
 witneflcs on both fides are heard, andtlie party fuHeied' 
 to nuke hit defence: afur which, the cafe .being con-.' 
 fidered. the captain coileifh the ftJlfrageiiof the |iulg<-^; 
 and, if a majority condemn him, the prifoner is exc-' 
 cuted on the fpot. The captain iirA if rikcshim wiiha 
 truncheon he carries in his hand, and* then the teil of 
 the judges fall upon him and drub him- to death : then ' 
 wrapping up the corpfe in his kroifc .or mantFe. irii 
 carried tp lome place difhint from thekraal, where tht)r 
 bury it. In civil cafes alfo, the caufe is determined by 
 a majority of voices, and fati«fa6iion immediately or- 
 dered to the injured ^rfon^oui; of the goods of the- 
 perfon .that appears- to be in* the wrong. 1 here i§ tui 
 appeal to any other court : the kin^ and hii> \:ounen. - 
 confifting of tho captains of^the kraals, never intcrpbfc - 
 unlefs in ipatters that concern the publi(-„ ou nihete the ' 
 kraaUare.at variance. To which, we may add, thiit 
 the Hottemot'a cattle and perfonal efhte dcfccnd io 
 his cIdeA fon: he cannot difinherit him, or give liis- 
 ef&^s to hit other children t but, as. for property irt ■ 
 lands. Of any certain real eflate, no man'hds any ; the 
 whole cnintry'is but one common, where they feed 
 their cattle ptnmifcuoufly,4iioving from plactf to place, 
 to find water or frefh paftMte as neoeiTity requires. Even • 
 the fevcrai nations have no Hated boumis: tnit ufe fuch ' 
 tradtOf land a». their anceflors didbefote them ; ;it is 
 true, their rcfpeifliw limits fomctijnc«.ciiate great dif- ' 
 
 fercKcs 
 
C(> )K''t KIRST VOYAGB'H!>>r m^ktDg Difemi/riit in tiic Stutl^fu & round the H or U. t^ 
 
 Whcit Ihcy nun h into (he iirKi, evrrv man UMnm* 
 hi* ivhuvdIm (Mpcain, ih< ihict of hu kn»\: ttMy 
 nbfcrvr UmIc iniiu-i nr<ih«r do rhcy lake thr prrrau. 
 tMM t>t UiruMin*; up irvnchri lo ilrfend (hinilelve«: 
 •nd what II rtiU ninrr rurprilin^, have no llnclJi ro 
 ilrliciHl ihriuU'lvrj iigainll inillivc wr^poni, ihniiuh 
 Amuc Uf thvy will ward ott' i I >hir <<)> dart, iind even a 
 Ihmc. with • iKtIc irunrheoii iiout a foot long, which 
 Ihey carry in their hand. "I he (c»enil ininp.inirt ad- 
 vaiKc lu ih« chiirife at the ( uinniand of theh' rhicfi 
 ami, when ih(i(e in the fnmt have (hot one flight 
 ol arrowi, they retreat ami iruke loAm for thuf); in the 
 rc»r t ami, when ihey have diichargrd, the former atls. 
 vance again, and ihu» alternately they continue till thcV 
 tuve fpcnt all ihiir millive weii|)ona, and then they 
 have recoorfe to lUinti. unlefa they are »ir(l broken anfl 
 dirpcrled by a troop of hulU i for the wife chicli and a«. 
 ncralint eachlkle. trtordingtothe Kuropeafi prat^ticc, 
 reHiainiiig on an emincticr in the rear, to oliiervf tht* 
 fcwtoneofthc day, when they obftrve their pet^ple arc 
 hard prellcd, give the word of command to thrir rorpli 
 de relctvc of kulli, who break into the body of the 
 eminv, and geiKrally bring all into confufion i an^ 
 thiit Ode that pefcrvct their order beft, on thii furioia 
 attack of theie built ot Balan, arc fure to be viOo- 
 rioua. The (kill of the getieral feema to be chiefly in 
 nMn«ging hii bulla i who never engage each otlier, bui 
 ft>end their whole rtge upon the men, who have. It 
 lecma. no de^a of kinglifh breed to play againO them, 
 or this ItratAgem would be of little fervice : t I'lt wt 
 ihotild have obfcrved, that aa the battle always brgrni 
 with horrid cries and noife, which perhapiAippiret the 
 place of druiiM and trunipetti fo the vidton inluit with 
 no Icii notte over the conquered enemy, kilhiig itil thtt 
 tail into ihfir handi: but they feldom fight more than. 
 one battle, fome neighbouring power ufually * .erroflnK 
 to nuke up the tjuarrel, and of hte the Dutch peia 
 ft>rm this good oflu e, between Cuch nations' as lie near' 
 their fctilrnients. From their wars with each other, wt 
 naturally proceed to their wan with wild beafli, wMl 
 which their country abounds more than any other i the^ 
 
 Coplc, it feemi, efteero it a much greater honour to 
 vc killed one of thefe fiocr to irunkind, than an die:, 
 my of their own fpcciea. 
 
 InOancea are not wanting of a Hottentot'* eiMnliw 
 rmgly with the fierceft wild beafis, and kiUing tfwm^ 
 but ufuallv the whole kmal or village aflemble, when * 
 wild heart is Jifcovered in their neighbourhood, and, 
 dividinp thcmfdves in fmati partiei. '.endexvour toflir- 
 round him. Having found their eiiemy, thejr ufually 
 fet up 1. great cry, at which the frighted animal endeau 
 vour* to break through and efcape them : if It prove 
 to be a rhinoceros, an elk, or elephant, they thibw their 
 lance* at htm, darts andVtrniws being too weak tb pleiw 
 through their thick hides: if the bead be not kilted at 
 the HM difcharge, they repeat the attack, and load him 
 )vith their fpear* t and, as he mm with all hi* rage at 
 the perfon* who wound him. thofe in his rear fo|lo# 
 him clofc, and ply him with their fpcars, on Whom he 
 turn* agam. but is overpowered by hi* enemies. wh6 
 conftamly return to the charge, when his bock it toi. 
 ward* them, and fcarcc ever foil of bringing the citai 
 ture down, before he ha* taken his revenge on any of 
 them. How hazardous focver fuch an engattmeht 
 may appear toan European, thefe people lAakeTt their 
 fport I and have this advamagc, that they are exceed- 
 ing fwift of foot, and fcatce ever mif* the mark they 
 aim at with their fpear* : if one of them i* htard pivllcd 
 br the brute, he is fiue to be relieved by his compai 
 nion*, who never quit the field till thebeaft is ki)M, 
 or nukes hi* efcape: though they fonttetimci deiite^ 
 roudy avoid r*ie advcrfary, thev immediately retrnir to 
 the cbai)ge. iubduing f he fieiceft either by ftraiMem dr 
 force. When attacking a Iton, a leopnd, or a tyicr, 
 their daru and aarowa afe of fervice to thetn; tnd 
 tbcrefoie they begin the engagement at « greater diC, 
 tance, than when they chai^ge an elephant or tfiifio!. 
 ceros s and the creature has a wood of ^artt aiwar- 
 row* upon his back; bcfWt he art apptdachliUeiie- 
 mica, which laake hii»lmand rage and Ity at theft 
 
 Hiitli 
 
 Trrcnns between the ftveml nation*, and occaflon 
 Wn<Kly ^^*^ which bring* u* no»v u> irrat of their 
 ■rin«, and the an* and ftratafriu* they ufo m war. 
 
 lhc*nniof a Hottentot are, i. Hi* Umc, which 
 rtfemblts a half p<ke, f«unritinia thrown, aad uW »*a 
 nnllivc weitjKiiii and at other*, fcrve* to pulh with in 
 elole fight, the head or fpear wherujf la jwifoiwd. 
 a. Hn now and arrow*, rite ariow* luMtded ami |K)i- 
 fimed likewilV, when they ang^gc an eacmy or wiW 
 beart they do rait intend tor UkI. Ihctr bowi are made 
 of iron, or olive-wood i iht ftiing of the linew* or 
 gut* of fome animal : the ijuiver is a long narrow cafe, 
 made of the Ikin of an elephant, elk, <»r oi, and llung 
 at their back*, a* foklicrs fling their knapliu k*. j. A 
 dart of a h>ot long, which they throw exceeding true, 
 ftanc ever milTing the mark they aiiai at, though it i* 
 nut above the breaihh of hall a ciowm thefe alio are 
 poifoned, when they engage an enemy or a wikl beall 
 fh.it i« mit to he eaten: and laflly, when they have 
 fpent the rtf» of their milBve weapon*, they have rc- 
 louric to llunc*, feldom making u difchaige in vain i 
 and. what i« moft remarkable in their (hooting or 
 ifiiowing arrow*, dart*, or ftonet. they never (Und Hill. 
 ilUt arc all the white fkipping and junnpiag from one 
 fldc to the other, pofllWy to avoid the ftom* and darta 
 of the enemy. They ate all foot, and never engage on 
 hoifi'hacki but have difciplined built or oxen taught to 
 run upon the enemy, and to tof* and ditbrdrr themi 
 which thefe creature* will do with the utmolt fury on 
 the word of command, not regarding the weapon* that 
 are thrown tt them: for though the Hottentot* have 
 numbers of Urge elephant* in their counuy. they havf 
 Hot yet learned the art of taming them, or training 
 ihcni up to war. as the military men in the VjtR Indie* 
 do. livery able boilicd man is a foldier, and poflefTed 
 of a fct of fuch arms as has been deft ribcd ; nnd on 
 the fummons of his prince, appear* at the rcndezvoua 
 with all imaginable alacrity ami contempt of danger, 
 and every man maintain* himfdf while the expedition 
 M$. Aa their officer*, civil and military, haye no pay. 
 To neither do the private men expc<ft any i a fenTe ot ho- 
 nour, and the public good, are the fole motive* for ha- 
 tarding their lives in their country's fervice. 
 
 The Hottentots, in war, have very little conception 
 pf difcipjine, nor indeed i* it pofTible they (houldi for 
 the only method of railing an army, i*. for the kraal 
 captain* to order the people lo follow them i the only 
 method of inaincaining one, i* by huiuing a* they 
 march : and the only way of dieciding a dtfpute between 
 two nations, is. by fightiiw one battle i the fuccef* of 
 which determines the whole »ffiir. Inan engagement, 
 Ihey attack with an hideout yell, fight in great confu- 
 fioh, and put more confidence in their war oxen than 
 their own (kill: fcr, a* we have hinted above, thefe 
 animals, when trained to the bufincA. arc better difci- 
 plined and muth more formidable, than the Hotten- 
 tots (hcinfclvcs. The princip«il inducements to their 
 entering into a war at any time, i* the prefcrvation of 
 their territories. A* they have no land marks or writ- 
 ten treaties to adjuft the exa£l bound* of every nation, 
 they frequently difagrec about the limita of their rc- 
 fpedivc countries ; and, when fny iKighbouring nation 
 grazes their cattle upon a fpot of ground another claims, 
 iatistadion is iinmediatclv demanded I and, ifitbcnoc 
 given, they make reprifals, and hAve rccourle to arms. 
 But this is nut the only occafKin of war* amongA the 
 Hottentots : they are not alway* that chafte and vir- 
 tuous people Mr. Kolbcn has reprcfented them s foma 
 tempting Helen (for Hottentot* pofTibiy may appear 
 amiable in one another'* eye*, with all the greafe and 
 carrion they arc cloathcd with) ha* fmitten a neigh- 
 bpuring chief, pcrhap*, who prevail* on hi.< people to 
 aCill him in the rape of the defired female: and this 
 freq'>icntly fcts their tribes together by the ucs. The 
 fiealing each others qutle is another caufi; of deadly 
 ftrifci for thoush each kraal puoifbea theft among 
 themfelxes with death, yet it is looked upon.as an he- 
 roic ad to rob thofic ot another ;natuu» at leaft the 
 \iody of the people .ire fo backwpr^ .W> giving «pihc 
 offender, tlx^ cbeyrfrcqucmlyi<»nie>to,«m«siif()n it. 
 
 I,' '• 
 
 i 
 
 
 iAii 
 
 I. 
 
• lOO 
 
 Cipt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 11^ il 
 
 ' ^- -m 
 
 <k 
 
 vitii the grnwft fury { but chore he attacks, nimblv 
 •void hia pawi, while others purfue him, and finim 
 the conquett with their fpcars. Sometimes a lion 
 takes to his heels, with abundance of poifoncd dam 
 and arrows in his Heth : but, the poifon beginning to 
 operate, he foon falls, and becomes a prey to thofe he 
 would have prcved U|ion. The elephant, the rhino- 
 .«en». and the elk, arc frequently taken in traps and 
 pittiills, without any manner of huard. The ele> 
 phants are obfcrved to go in great companies to water, 
 tollowing in« ftle one alter another, and ufuaily take the 
 fame road til! they are diAurbcd : the Hotttntots thcre- 
 fcre dig pits in their paths, about eight feet deepi and 
 ilbur and live overs in which they (ix fliarp thkes 
 pointed with iron, and then cover the pit with fmaH 
 Wicks and turf, fo as it is not difcemible : and as thefe 
 ' «ninials ufuaily keep in one track, frequently one or 
 " other of them tails in with his fore feet into the pit, and 
 <"'JMil' (take pierces. his body {j/|h<. more he ftnigglcs, the 
 '' deeper the weight of l^ifrfiifHlli'nus body fixes him on 
 the (hike. When the re^,9t;jt^it4)erd obferve the mir> 
 -.fortune of their companion, arid find he cannot difcn- 
 gage hinifelf, they immediately abandon him : w^iere. 
 ' upon the Hottentots, who lie concealed, inexp^dation 
 of the fuccefs of their ftratagcm, approach the wound- 
 «d bcaO. Itab nim with their fpcars, and cut hit largeft 
 -veint, fothat he foonexpiresi whereupon they cut him 
 «B pieces, and, carrying the flclh home, fcaft upon it 
 as long as it lath. His teeth they make into rings for 
 • their arms, and, when they have any ivory to (pare, 
 - difpoTe of it to the Europeans. The rhinoceros and 
 «lk are frrqucntly t)iken in pitfalls, as the elephants are. 
 I'he HotCcntot, who kills any of thcfe, or a lion, leo. 
 pard, or tygcr, fmgly, has the highrft honour conJcrred 
 upon him, and fcveral privileges, which belong only to 
 fuch intrepid heroes. At his return from this hazard- 
 •us and important fervice, the men of the kraal d^ute 
 •ne of the fcniors to congranilate him on his vi^lorjr, 
 Md defire that he will honour them with his prel'cnce s 
 whcRupun he folkiwt the old deputy to the aflen^l^, 
 vhom he ttnds, according to cuftom, fitting upon their 
 hnls in a circle; and, a mat of diftinAion being laid 
 fcr hitn in the center, he fets himfeif down upon it : 
 after which the olJ deputy urines plentifully upon him, 
 -which the hero rubs in with great eagernefs, having firil 
 fcratvhed the grcafc ocf his (kin with his nails rtlw de- 
 IHity all this while pronouncing fome words unintelli- 
 gible to any bat themfelvcs. Alter this, they light a. 
 pipe of tobacco, which they fmoke and hand one to 
 •pother till there remain nothing but aihes in the pipe, 
 •nd thefe the old deputy (Irews over the gallant man, 
 who rubs them in as they fall upon him, not fullering 
 tl«e leaft duft to be loit After which the neighbours 
 having fevcrally congratulated him on his advancement 
 to the high honour, they difperic, and go to their re> 
 Ipe^ttvc tents. The conqueror, atterwards, fallens 
 the bladder of the ii^rtoua beal^ he has killed to his 
 hair, which he ever after wears as a badge of liis knight- 
 ho«Hl{ and is from that time elWemed by every one a 
 krave tuaii, and a benefactor to his country. When 
 retired m his tan, his neighbours fcem to vie which of 
 thciH (hail ohiiee him moil, and are, for the next three 
 4ays, continually fending hint one delicious morfel or 
 other; nor do they call upon him to perform duty du. 
 rin<:r that time, but fuller him to indulge his eafe : but, 
 wlut IS ilill more unaccountable, his wilir, or wives, (for 
 hr mav have more than one) are not allowed to come 
 nc.u him for three days after this honour is conferred 
 n I httii; but they are ibrccd to ramble about the (ield«, 
 and to keep to a fpare diet, let! they Hiould, as Mr. 
 Kolben furmifes, tempt the hulbands ro their embraces : 
 feiit on the third.day in the evening, we are told the wo- 
 Aien return to the tent, arc received with the utmoft 
 jhy and tti^demefs ; mutual coNgratulations pafs be- 
 tween them: a tiit Iheepis killed, and thek neighbours 
 N^viccdto thefeaO, where the pnwcfa of the hero, and 
 the honoiUf* he has obtained, are the chief futjeft «f 
 th^r ctHiverfatton. 
 
 iheK is fcafcc any wtki beaft, but the flclh is good 
 eating, ifft lie'iiM killed with psiibiious wciyons i bwt 
 
 ' ' 3 
 
 the tygtr is the moft delicious morfel ;' and 4s the whole 
 kraal paruke of the (iaft, the perlbn who kills him 
 meets with a double (hare of prnife, as he both rids 
 the country of an enemy, and pleafes their palates. 
 But to return to the field fports of the Hottentots : 
 when they hunt a deer, a wild goat or a hare, they 
 go fingly, or but two or three in company, armed only 
 with a dart or two, and feldom mils the game thcv 
 throw at : yet," as has been obfcrved alrcaiiv, (b long 
 as they have any manner of food left, if it be but the 
 raw hides of cattle, or ihoc foles, thc) A ill hardly he 
 perfuaded to ftir to get more ; though it is true, when 
 they apprehend their cattle in danger from wild btallis, 
 no people are nwre active, or purfue thc chace of them 
 ■with greater alacrity and bravery. From hunting.', we 
 proceed to treat of their lilhing; at which they are very 
 expert; taking fiih with angles, nets, .and fpears; ami 
 they get a certain fi(h, called rock-filli, prticularlyhv 
 groping the holes of the locks near tiK (hore, when the 
 tide is out : thefe are mightily admired by the Euro- 
 peans; but having no fcaks, the Hottentots will not 
 eat them. 
 
 The manner of the Hottentot's fwimming, is .is par- 
 ticiilar as of his lilhing; for he flands upright in the 
 fed, and rather walks and treads the water, than fwims 
 upon it, his head, neck, and (houldcrs being quite 
 above the waves, as well as hit arms, and yet they move 
 falter in the water than any European can; even in a 
 (term, when the waves run high, they will venture into 
 the fea, riling and fallirig with the waves like a cork. 
 
 Thc next thing we (hall notice, is the marriages of 
 the Hottentots: and it feems, every young fellow hat 
 fuch regard to the advice of his father, (or rather the 
 laws and cudoms of the country require it) that he al- 
 ways confults the old man before he enters into a treaty 
 with his miArefs, ind if he approves thc match, the 
 fether and fon, in the firft place, pay a vifit to the fa- 
 ther of thc damfel, with whom having fmriakcd, and 
 talked of indittereiit things for fome time, the father 
 of the lover opens thc matter to the virgin's father, who 
 having confulted his wife, returns an anfwer immedi- 
 ately io the propofal: if it be rtjefted, the lover and 
 his father retire without more words; but if the otter 
 be approved by the old folks, the damfel is called and 
 acquainted, that they have provided a hulband for her ; 
 as Ihe mull fubmit to their determination, unlcfs fhe 
 can hold her lover at arms end, after a night's ftrug- 
 glingi for we are told, that when the parents are agreed, 
 the two young people are put together, and if the vir- 
 gin lofes her nraidenhead, (he mud have the young fel- 
 low, tl\ough (he be never fo averfe to the match : but 
 then Ihe is permitted to pinch and fcratch, and defend 
 herfelf as well as (he can ; and if (he holds out till 
 morning, thc lover returns without his mitlrefs, and 
 makes no further iittempts; but if he fubdues her, flie 
 is his wife to all intents and purpofcs, without further 
 ceremony; and the next day the man kills a fat ox, or 
 more, according to his circumflances, for the wedding 
 dinner, and the entertainment of their friends, who 
 rcfort to them upon the occafion, bringing atiundance 
 of good Wilhet for the happinefs of the married couple, 
 as is ufual among politer people. The ox is no fooner 
 killed, but the company get each fome of the fat, and 
 greafe themfelvcs with it from head to foot, powdering 
 themfclVes afterwards with buchu, and the women, to 
 add to their charms, make red fpots with oker, or red 
 chalk, on their black faces. The entertainment being 
 ready, the men form a circle in the area of the kraa! 
 {for a large company cannot fit within doors) and the 
 women form another; the bridegroom futing in the 
 middle of the mens circle, and the bride in the center 
 of her own fex. Then the prieft enten the men's cir- 
 de, and urines upon the bridcffroom, which the young 
 man rubs in very joyfully. He then goes to the ladies 
 aircle, where he does the bride the fame fcvour. Then 
 thc old man goes from the bride to the bridegnem, till 
 he has exhauftcd all his (lore. The prieft then pio- 
 iMMincet his benedidion in thefe woida: "That the* 
 mif live long and happily topthert that they mar 
 Iwve • fim befoic the end of tht yewi aodlihM ht may 
 
wtmtn^ 
 
 mmm 
 
 COOK'S FIRST VOYAOE-rfor making Di/toveries in the Stf^tiSei^k. Round the JFarM. 
 
 lOI 
 
 {trove a l^rave mani and an expert huntfman, and the 
 ike." After which, the mat it ferved up in earthen 
 Eou glased with greaC;; and fome of tnem having 
 nives fince the Europeani came amongft them, they 
 divide their meat pretty decently t but more of them 
 make ufe of theit' teeth and clawi, pulling it to pieces, 
 and eating it ai voracioufly aa fo manv dogs, having 
 no other plates or napkins than the (linking corners of 
 the napkins they wear; the fea (hells without handles 
 uiually fcrve them for fpoons. When they have dined 
 a pipe is (illed with tobacco, which they fmokc all 
 round, every one taking two or three whiin, and then 
 handing it to the next. It is fiiupilar, that though the 
 Hottentots are imnnoderttely roiid pf fpirituous li- 
 quors, mufic and dancing, yet they do not drink the 
 (iril, nor pradlife the latter at weddings* 
 
 The Hottentots allow of polygamy i but feldom have 
 more than three wives at a time ; and it feenu it it death 
 IP marry or lie with a firft or fccond coufin, or any near 
 relation. A iathcr feldom gives his fon more than two 
 gr three cows, and as many (heep^ upon hit marriage, 
 •nd with tnefc he muft make his way in the world i 
 and wc do not find they give more with their daughters 
 thitn a cow, or a couple of (beep i but the latter are to 
 be returned to the father, if the bride dies without 
 iiaving had any children : on the contrary, if (he ever 
 bore any children to her hulbiind, the portion becomes 
 |iis, even though the children are detun<5t. They do 
 not leave their daughters, or youiigci fons, any thing 
 when they diet but all the children depend upon the 
 ddcd brother, and are his fcrvants, or rather (laves, 
 yrhcn the father is dead, unlefs the elder brother >nfran- 
 chife them; nor has the mother any thing tofubfift on, 
 but what the elded fon allow* her. There being no 
 
 {;rcat fortunes among thcn^ they match purely for 
 ovc i an agreeable companion is til their gtteated men 
 aim at : their chiefs intermarry frequently with the 
 poorcit man's daughter; and a brave fellow, who has 
 no fortune, docs not dcfpair of matching with the 
 daughter of a prince. A widow, who marrioi a fccond 
 time, is obliged to cut off ajoint of one of her fingers; 
 and fo for every hufband ihe marries after the (iril. Ei- 
 ther man or woman may be divorced, on ftewiag fuf- 
 ^cicpt cauCc before the captain and the reft of the kraal ; 
 the woman, however, rourt not marry again, though 
 the man is allowed toqwrry, and have as many wives 
 at he pleafes at the fame timer A young Hottentot 
 never is mafter of a hut or tent, till he marries, imtefs 
 his father dies and leaves him oiic : therefofc the iirit 
 bulinefs the bride and bridegroom apply thcmfd vesta, 
 after their marriage feall. is to ere^l a tent or htit of all 
 mew materials, in which work the woman hat' a» great a 
 iliarc as the man ; and thit takii^ them up abou^ a 
 week's time, the new married couple are entertaiiwd in 
 the mean time in. the tenu of fame of their relations. 
 When they refort to their new apartment, and cosne to 
 keep houlc together, the wife (eems to have much the 
 ^reateft (hare of the trouble of it: (he fodders the cat- 
 tle, milks them, cuts out the firing, fearches every 
 morning for roots for their food, brings them home, 
 and boils or broils them, while- the drone of a hulband 
 lies indolently at home, and will fcarce ^ive himielf the < 
 trouble of getting up to c.it when the food is pn^vided 
 fur hire by the drudge his wife. 'I'he moi« wivot he ' 
 has, ftill the more indolent life hd leads, the ctroof ' 
 iitaking provifion for the family being iLxtwHupap ,' 
 them, it is faid he will, in his turn, atterti his cattle j 
 in the field ; but cxpctJts every one of his wives (hould 
 do, at leatt, as much towards taking care of ehe|i» as < 
 he docs. He will alfo, fometimes, but ytry t*tt\y^ fp j 
 a hunting with the men of his kraal, and bring home a i 
 IMcie of vcnifon, or a difh of fi(h ; but this it not of. " 
 fen I and if he is of any handicraft trade, he may work at ' 
 It two or three hnura in a we«k, and inftrOd hit chil- 
 dren in the art.: He alfo takes- upon him to fell h|s 
 cattle, and purchafe tobacco, and ftrong liquors of the ' 
 Dutch, irith". necelTary tools, beadr and other orna- 
 ■tent^ f«r whidt^the Hottcfttotr barter «way their M- 
 i^tMi wives are not ixnnktedtofhtaMiied^teiii^ 
 *lilfairfi^«^ing Mhi MfH^,' th*» t*in^ Ae* f«le 
 
 VN'^O. 13. 
 
 >i 
 
 prerogative of the man. .When a woman brings a ||;v- 
 ing(bnii\tothc world, there i$greaircjuicir)g: but the 
 firlt thing they do with the child, is to duub it .ill ov^ 
 with cow-dung; then they l^y it bcfotc the fire, or in 
 the fjiin, till the dung is dried j after uhith they rub.ic 
 off, and wafli the child with the juice of ccrtdin herbs. 
 laying it In the fun, or before the fiic again, til! the li- 
 quor M dried in, after which they andii;t tht- chikl frgfn 
 head to foot with butter, or fliccps fat mclccct, u hich 
 is dried. in as the juice was: and this culloin ot anoint- 
 ing their bodies with fat, they rct.-iin afccrwanls ns lun^ 
 at they live. After the child has been thus fmcarcd 
 and grcafed, the mother gives it what name ihc thin1(s 
 proper, which is ufuaiiy the name offomc wild beuiV. 
 or domellic animal. When the woman is wcll.agnin. 
 and able to leave her hut, (he rubs hcrfcif all ov^r uiih 
 cow-dung; and this (ilchy daubing is by thefc ilclicuti: 
 people tcmied a putitication, licing tinus delightfully 
 perfumed, and elegantly ilcc orated uith flieep's guts, 
 (he is permitted to go abroad, or to fee company at 
 home. 
 
 If the woman hastwuns, and they al-c girls, the itiait 
 piDpofes it to the kraal, that he may cxpufc one uf 
 them, cither upon pretence of (X)vcriy, or that bin wife 
 has not milk for them both ; and this they ufually in- 
 dulge one another in ; they do the fame when they have 
 a boy or girl ; but always prefcrve the boys, though 
 they happen to have two at a birth. Thc^c}(po(m 
 child it carried to a diflance from the kraiil ; and. if 
 they can find a cave or hole in the eacth, that fomc 
 wild beaft has made, they put the child alive into it ; 
 and then having (lopped up the mouth o(the dea with 
 ftonet or earth, leave it there to llarvc i if i)Ky<annot 
 meet fuch a cavity, ^hey tie the infant ,to the lower 
 bouje^h of a tree, or leave it in fomethicliet of buihcs, 
 whe: • it is frequently deftroyed by wild bcalls. They 
 do not deal thus, however, as has been obfcrved, by 
 their male children t on the birth of a boy, they kill 
 a bullock : and if they have twins, two buiioifks ; aqd 
 make an entertainment for all the neighhourhoodf wbo 
 congratulate the parents on their good (brtunc ; and; 
 u without, thegreated rejoicings are on the biititof 
 thefirftfon. 
 
 The males, at about ten years of agr, are al\v-{|ys 
 deprived of their left tedicle; the operation is per- 
 formed^twith a dexterity that would furpri/c an Euro- 
 pean fnrgeon, and bad confequencts arc feldom or ne- 
 ver known to enfue. A Iheep is killed, and groat r«- 
 joicinj's ure msHe tipon the occadon ; but it is to be ob- 
 ItrVcd, that the ntcn. devour all the mcar, and allttw 
 the women nothing but the broth. 1 he rcafon of this 
 abfuid cuftom of tnutilating^ thtir male youth is un- 
 known < fome of the Hottentots fay, it is ro mhke theln 
 ^un fwift ; but the grcateH part of thefc people gt\'c 
 their general reafon, which they ufc upon all occnllods, 
 when they arc unable to account for any of their ahftiM 
 pradicfct; nannely. That it is the Hottentot cufthn^ ; 
 and has been pnuflifcd by their anceftors tim^ iinmt« 
 morial. At the age of eiffhtcen, the male Hottcnfhts, 
 being deemed men, are admitted into male fociety ; .'fie 
 men. of the village (if it m«) be fo called) Tqiiat dow'n, 
 and iform a circle, as is ufual upon itiad public o^c^- 
 fions,'the youth fquats down without the circle, at fonhe 
 diflance. Theoldeil man of the kraal then nfes from 
 the .circle, and, having obtained the genera! trtnfcnt for 
 theadmiflinn of a new member, he goes to tiic ydufh, 
 acquaints him with the dctcrminaiion^ oT ^hc hicn of 
 the kraal, and concludes hi!i harant^Ue with \ume \ erfcs. 
 which aditionifh him to behave like a man for the (ti- 
 tute. The youth being then daubed with foot anJ (br, 
 and %t\i fprinklcd with urine, is tongratutated by ij-.c 
 conipany in general in a kind ofchofus, whiclj cont.ij}is 
 the following wilhes: that good fortuhc may attend 
 him, that he may live long, and thrive dailj ; thal'hc 
 may foon . have a beard, and many children ; ti]f'It''i» 
 univerfidly allowed he is a ufeful man to the, nation. A 
 thift concludes the ceremony; but the youtfl himfe'lf^is 
 not permitted to participate of any part thcrcAf till .ill 
 th6 reft are fervtfd. Having been thus mfniittcd ii\to 
 IftalefbeMty, it is expMcd'that he fhould behavt ill to 
 3 C '^ women 
 
 I 
 
 ■•1 fl" 
 
102 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COWP'LETE.V 
 
 - ^^- I T Miami II— I m i a iii iii i— ■— m 
 
 
 ■fi; 
 
 women in general, and to his mother in particular, in 
 order to evince his contempt of every (hin^ feminine. 
 Indeed it is ufual for a youth as Toon as admitted, to go 
 to his mother's hut, and cudgel her heartily, for which 
 he is highly applauded by the whole kraal ; and even 
 the futfering parent herfelf admires him for his fpirir, 
 and proteRs that the blows do not give her fo much 
 pain, as the thoughts of having brou^t fuch a mettle- 
 fomc fon into the world afford ner pleafure. The more 
 ill treatment he gives his mother, the more eftcem he 
 obtains; and every time he (Irikes her Ihe is in the 
 highell raptures, and thanks providence for- having 
 blcfled her with fuch a fpirited child. So cgregiouFly 
 will cudom counteraft the very didlatcs of nature, and 
 impofc upon the underflanding of the ignorant. 
 
 It may be proper now to fay foinething of thofc officers 
 amongll them, which the Europeans (^ncrally deno- 
 minate their pricfts. Thcfe pcrfons are' called furri 
 or mafter, and are elefted by every kraal ; they are 
 the men who perform the ceremony of making water 
 at their weddings, and other fetlivals; the furri alfo is 
 the pcrfon who cxtrads the left tefticlc from the young 
 males at eight years of age ; for all which he has no 
 ilated revenue, but a prefent now and then of a calf or 
 a lamb, and makes one at all their entertainments. 
 Every kraal alfo has its phyfician, as well as its pried, 
 who are perfons that have fbme (kill in phyflc and fur- 
 gery, and particularly in the virtues of falutary herbs: 
 ihcfc alfo arc cholen by a majority of voices, and make 
 it their bulinefs to look after the people's health : but 
 have no other reward neither for their pains, than 
 voluntary prcfents. And fuch is the opinion of the 
 Hottentots of thefe phyficians, that, if they cannot effedl 
 a cure, they conclude they are certainly bewitched j as 
 the doiflor himfelf alfo never fails to give out; where- 
 upon application is made to fome pretended conjurer 
 ibr relief: and if the patient happens to recover, it gives 
 the cunning man, as we call him, a mighty reputation. 
 The phyfician and furgeon, as has been hinted, is the 
 fame perfon ; and though thefe gentlemen fcarcc ev«.r 
 faw a body difleded, it is faid, they have pretty good 
 notions of anatomy ; they cup, bleed, make amputa' 
 tions, and rcdore didocated limbs with great dexteri- 
 ty : cholicks and pains in the domach they relieve by 
 cupping. Their cup is an horn of an ox, the edges cut 
 very fmooth : the do&or, having fucked the part where 
 the pain lies, claps on the cup ; and, after it has re- 
 mained fome time, till he thinks the part is infenfibic, 
 he pulls oil' the hoi ii-cup, and makes iwo or three m- 
 cifions, half an inch in length, with a common knife, 
 having no other inftrument : after which, he applies the 
 cup again, which falls off when it is full of blood, but 
 the patient, it is faid, fuffera great pain in the operation. 
 If the pain removes to another part, they rub it with 
 hot fat; and, if that does not cafe the pain, they ufe the 
 cUp again on the part laft affedled ; and. if the fecond 
 cupping docs not relieve the patient, they give him in- 
 ward medicines, being infiifions or powders of certain 
 dried roots and herbs. They let blood in plethories 
 and indifpolitions of that kin J, having no other inftru- 
 ment than a common knife ; and if bleeding will nor 
 effeft the cure, they give the patient phyfic. For head- 
 achs, which they arc pretty much fubjeA to ih calm 
 weather, they fliave their heads in furrows, as they do 
 when they are in mourning; but a brifk gale of wind 
 ufually carries off the head ach, without any other ap- 
 plication ; and this they do not often want at the cape. 
 They feldom make any other amputations, than of the 
 fingers of fuch women as marry a fecond time, or 
 oftcner: and, in this cafe, they bind the joint below that 
 which is to be cut off very tight, with a dried finew, 
 and then cut off the joint at once with a knife, flop- 
 ping the Wood with the juice of myrrh-leaves ; after 
 which, they wrap up the finger in fome healing herbs, 
 and never arty part of the finger receives any hurt be- 
 yond the amputation. They have little or no fltiil in 
 fetting fractured limbs; but are pretty dexterous at rc- 
 ftoring of diflocations. 
 
 The Hottentot phyfician, in cafe he meets with a fotil 
 (loinach, gives the juice of aloe leaves; and, if one dofc 
 
 wil»no»d#,MrepWt*il|itiWv<»PthM»dayB, md, fomnv 
 inward ail,: thay give chiefly the powders, or infulions of 
 wild fage, wild figs and fig leaves, buchii. garlic or 
 fennel : buf , whatever 'he difeafe be, -it feems the pa- 
 
 ! tiene never fails tofacj-ificea-buHock; OP a Iheep upon 
 ■ his recovery. r> y^ 
 
 'Fhe Hottentots are exceedingly fiipfrllitioiis, and 
 fond of divination. In ordet to know the fate ofa fick 
 [wrfon, they flay a fheep afiv*: after having irs (kin in- 
 tircly taken oft, if the poor animal is able lo get up and 
 run away, it is deemed a propitious omen ; but, on the 
 contrary, if the excruciating pain kiih it, thev imagine 
 that the patient will certainly die, and accordingly give 
 I him up intirely to nature, Without taking any further 
 
 care of him. 
 ' Whatever they believe of departed fouls, they have 
 no notion either of heaven or hell, or of a rtarcof re- 
 wards or jpunifhments ; this is evident from the be- 
 hayiour of a dying Hottentot, and thofc about him ; 
 neither he nor his friends offer up any prayers to their 
 gods for the falvation of his foul ; or even mention the 
 Itate of departed fouls, or their apprchenfions of his 
 being happy or miferable after death : however, they 
 fet up terrible bowlings and Ihrielrings. when the ficlc 
 man is in his laft agonies ; and yet thefe very people 
 arc frequently guilty of murdering their antienr parents, 
 as well as their innocent children ; for when the father of 
 a family is become perfedlly ufelefsand fuperannuated, 
 he is obliged to afllgn over his ftock of cattle, and every 
 thing clfe he has in the world, to his eldelt fon ; and in 
 default of fons, to his next heir male: after which, the 
 heireredls a tent or hut in fome unfrequented place, a 
 good diftance from the kraal or camp he belongs to ; 
 and, having affembled the men of the kraal, acquaints 
 them with the condition of his fuperannuated relation; 
 and defires their confcnt to expofc him in the diflant 
 hut ; to which the kraal fcarce ever refufe their confentt 
 Whereupon a day beihg appointed to carry the old man 
 to the foiitaiy tent, the heir kills an ox, and two or three 
 fheep, and invites the whole village to feaft and be 
 merry with him; and at the end of the entenainmenr, 
 all the neighbourhood come and take a formal leave of 
 the M wretch, thus condemned to be ftarved or de- 
 voured by wild beafts : then the unfortunate creature i« 
 laid upon one of their carriage oxen, and carried to his 
 laft home, attended to the place, where he is to be buried 
 alive by moft of his nefehbours. The old man bcinc 
 taken down, and fet in the middle of the hut provided 
 for hirti, ilte company return to their kraai, and he 
 never fctis the face ofa human creature afterwards ; they 
 never fo much as en(^uire whether he was ftarved to 
 death, or devoured by wild hearts : he is no more thought 
 of, than if he had never been. In the fame manner 
 they deal with a fuperannuated mother; only as flie has 
 nothing Ihe can call her own, Ihe has not the trouble of 
 affigning her effeOs to her fon. Whenever the Hotten- 
 tots are upbraided with this unparallelled piece of bar- 
 barity, they reply, it would be a much greater cruelty 
 to fuffer an old creature to languifli out a miferable life, 
 and to be many years a dying, than to make this quick 
 difpatch with them j and that it is out of their extreme 
 tendemefs they put an end to the lives of thefe old 
 wretches t all the atguments in the world againft the 
 inhumanity of the cufiom, can make no impreflion 
 on themi and, indeed, as long as the Ehitch have re- 
 fMed at the cape, they have not been able to break them 
 of one flngle cufiom, or prevail with them to alter any 
 pan of their conduct, how barbarous or abfurd fbever : 
 and, it feems, the captain of a kraal is not exempted 
 ftom feeing his funeral folemnized in this manner, while 
 he is alive, if he happens to become ufclefs. And this 
 leads us to treat of fuch fiuienls as are folemnized after 
 the perfon is really dead. 
 
 The fide man, having refigned his breath, is im- 
 mediately bundled up, neck and heels together, in his 
 fheep<(kin mantle, exceeding clofe, fo that no part of 
 the cofjpTe appears: then the captain of the kraal, widi 
 fome of the feniors, fearch the neighbouring country 
 (br Ibme cavity in a rock, or the den of a wild beair, 
 to bury it in, never digging a grave, if th^ can ted 
 
 one 
 
cook's first voyage — for making Dtfcoviriet in the South Seas & round the tVorld. \ o3. 
 
 one of thefc within a modcmte diftance. After which 
 the whole icraal, men and women, prepare to attend the 
 corpfe, feldom permitting it to remain above ground 
 more than fix hours. When all things arc ready, all 
 the neighbourhood afTemble before the door of the de- 
 ceafcd, the men fitting down on their heels in one 
 «rclc, and retting their elbows on their knees (their 
 ufual pofture) as the women do in another: here they 
 clap their hands, and howl, crying, Bo, bo, bo! (i.e. 
 father) lamenting their lofs. The corpfe being then 
 brought out on that fide the tent, where the perfon 
 died, and not at the door, the bearers carry him in 
 their arms to the grave, the men and women follow it 
 in different parties, but without any manner of order, 
 crying all the way. Bo, bo, bo! and wringing their 
 hands, and performing a thoufand ridiculous gefiures 
 and grimaces, whi-h is frequently the fubjedl of the 
 Dutcnmen's mirth; it being impoflible, it is faid, to 
 forbear laughing at the antic tricks theyr (hew on fuch 
 an occafion. Having put the corpfe into the cavity 
 prepared for it, they ftop up the mouth of it with ant 
 hills, ftones, and pieces of wood, believing the ants will 
 feed on the corpfe, and foon confume it. The grave 
 being fiopped up, the men and women rendezvous 
 again before the tent of the deceafed, where they repeat 
 their howling, and frequently call upon the name of 
 their departed friend: after which two of the oldeft 
 men get up ; and one of them going into the circle 
 of the men, and the other into the circle of the 
 women, urine upon every one of the company ; and, 
 where the kraals are fo very large, that two cannot find 
 water enough for this ceremony, they double or treble 
 the number. Then the old men go into the tent of 
 the deceafed; and, having taken up fome alhes from 
 the fire-place, they fprinkle them upon the bodies of 
 the people, biefilng them as they go: and if the de- 
 ceafed was a perfon of difiimflion, this is aded over 
 again feveral days. But we fliould have remembered, 
 that the ceremony always concludes with an entertain, 
 j^ent. If the deceafed had any cattle, a fiieep is killed 
 the occafion; and the caul being powdered widi 
 h, :hu, is tied about the heir's neck, who is forced to 
 wear it while it rots off, which is no great penance, all 
 ftinks being perfumes to a Hottentot. All the relations 
 alfo wear the cauls of fheep about their necks ; which 
 it feems is their mourning, unlefs the children of the 
 deceafed are fo poor, that they cannot kill a (heep ; 
 and then they (have their heads in furrows of about an 
 inch broad, leaving the hair on of the fame bneadth 
 between every furrow. 
 
 It is not an cafy matter to come at a Hottentot's re- 
 ligious notions , he is fparing of his words, and laconic 
 in his anfwers upon all occafions; but when religious 
 topics are introduced, he generally conceals his icnti. 
 ments in filence. Some on this account have doubted 
 whether the Hottentots have any relicion at all : but the 
 mod intelligent among the Dutch at the cape pofitively 
 affirm, that they believe in a Supreme Being, whom they 
 fiile Gounya Taquoa, or God of gods, and fancy that 
 his place of refidence is beyond the moon. They allow 
 that Gounya Taquoa is a humane benevolent being, yet 
 they have no mode of worihippine him ; for which they 
 ive this reafon, " That he curfed their firfi parents for 
 aving greatly offended him, on which account their 
 pofierityhave never from that time paid him adoration." 
 They believe that the moon is an inferior vifible god, 
 and the reprefentati vc of the high and invifible : chat fhc 
 has the diredion of the weather; and therefore they 
 pray to her when it is unfeafonable. They never fail 
 to affcmble and worfiiip this planet at the new attd full 
 moon, let the weather be never fo bad ; and though they 
 diftort their bodies, grin and put on very mghtfiil 
 looks, crying and howling in a terrible manner, yet they 
 have fome cxpreflions that ihcw their veneration wl 
 dcpcndance on this inferior deity ; as, * Mutfchi Atze, 
 lulutcyou; you are welcome: Chcraqua kaka chori 
 Ounqua, grant us pafturc fur our cattle and plenty of 
 nfiilk.' "Uiefc and other prayers to the moon they re- 
 peat, frequently dancing and clapping their hands all 
 the while; and, at the end of every dance, crying. Ho, 
 ho, ho, ho! raifing and foiling their voices, andufing 
 4 
 
 hi 
 
 abundance of odd geftures, that appear ridiculous to 
 European fpedlators ; and which no doubt, made them 
 at firil, before they knew any thing of their language, 
 conclude, that this could not be the effed of devotion, 
 efpecially when the people theinfelves told them, it was 
 not an ad of rclij|ion, but only intended for their diver- 
 fion. They continue thus fhouting, finging and dan- 
 cing, with profirations on the earth, the whole night, 
 ana even part of the next day, with fome fliort inter- 
 vals,' never refting, unlefs they are quite fpent with the 
 violence of the action ; and then they fquat down upon 
 their heels, holding their heads between their hands, 
 and refling their elbows on their knees ; and, after a 
 little time, they fiart up again, and failing to finging 
 and dancing in a circle as before, wiih all their 
 might. 
 
 The Hottentots alfo adore a fly about the bigncfs of a 
 hornet, called by fome the gold beetle : whenever they 
 fee this infed approach their kraal, they all affemblc 
 about it, and fing and dance round it while it remains 
 there, ftrewing over it the powder of buchu, by bota- 
 nifis called fpirsam ; which w hen it is dried and pul- 
 verised, they always powder themfclves with it at fefti- 
 vals. They ftrew the fame powder alfo over the tops 
 of their tents, and over the whole area of the kraal, as 
 a tefiimony of their veneration for the adored fly. 
 They facrificc alfo two (heep as a thankfgiving for the 
 favour fliewn their kraal, believing they fiiall certainly 
 profper after fuch a vifit : and, if this infed happens 
 to light upon a tent, they look upon the owner of it 
 for the future as a faint, and pay him more than ufual 
 refpctft. The bcft ox of the kraal alfo is immediately 
 facrificed, to tcfiify their gratitude to the little winged 
 deity, and to honour the uint he has been pleafcd thus 
 to difiinguiSi: to wham the entrails ofthebeafi, the 
 choicell morfcl ir their opinion, with the fat and the 
 caul is prefented; and the caul being twilled like a 
 rope, the faint ever after \iears it like a collar about 
 his neck day and night, til' it putrifies and rots ofl^; 
 and the faint only fealls upon the entrails of the beaft, 
 while the red of the kraal feed upon the joints, that 
 are not in fo high efteem among them : with the fat of 
 the facrificealfo the faint anoints his body from time to 
 time, till it is all fpent ; and, if the fly lights upon a 
 woman (he is no lefs reverenced by the neighbourhood, 
 and entitled to the like privileges. It is fcarce poffiblc 
 to cxprefs the agonies the Hottentots are in, if any Eu- 
 ropean attempts to uke or kill one of thefe infeds, as 
 the Dutch will fometimes feem to attempt, to put them 
 in a fright : they will beg and pray, and fall proftrate 
 on the ground, to procure the liberty of this little crea- 
 ture, if it falls into a Dutchman's hands; they are, on 
 fuch an occafion, in no lefs conf^emation than the In- 
 dians near Fort St. Gcorec, when the kite, >vith a white 
 head, which they worfhip, is in danger. If a fol- 
 dier takes one of thefe alive, and threatens to wring the 
 neck of it off, the Indlahs will gather in crowds about 
 him, and immediately colled the value of a (hilling or 
 two, to purchafe the liberty of the captive bird Hjey 
 adore. But to return to the Hottentots : they iniaginc 
 if this little deity (hould be killed, all the cattle would 
 die of difeafes, or be deftroyrd by wild beafts; and 
 thev themfelves (hould be the mofi mifcrable of men, 
 ancl look upon that kraal to be doomed to fome immi. 
 nent misfortune, where this animal feldom appears. 
 
 The Hollanders have fent feveral reverend divine's to 
 the cape as miflionaries. who have fpared no pains to 
 bring the Hottentots off from their idolatry, anoinducc 
 them to embrace Chriftianity ; even their covetoufnefs 
 and annbition have been applied to, and temporal re- 
 wards offered them, on condition of their being in- 
 firudcd in the principles of Chriftianity. But no mo- 
 tives whatever, whether thofe rekting to this or another 
 ftate, have yet been able to make the leaft imprefTion on 
 any one of them : thev hold faft and hug their ancient 
 fuperftitiona, and will hear of no other religion. The 
 reafon that they neither imitate the Europeans in their 
 building, planting, or cloathing. is becaufe they ima- 
 gine themfclves to be religioufly obliged to follow the 
 cuftoms of their anceftors; and that, if they (hould 
 deviate from them in the leaft of thefe matters, it might 
 
 make 
 
 \Mi 
 
I04 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 t 
 
 i '" 
 
 <*l 
 
 1, '^1 
 
 make war for a total chansc of their religion and man- 
 ners, which they cannot think of without abhorrence. 
 One of the Dutch governors at the cape bred up an 
 Hdttentot from his infancy, obliging him to follow the 
 fitfhioiis and cuftoms of the Europeans, to be taught 
 fcvcral lan<>uagct, and to be fully inftruded in the prm- 
 ciples of the Chrillian religion, cloathing him hand- 
 fuincly, and treating him, in all rcfpeih, as a perfon 
 for whom he had a high efteem i and let him know, 
 that he dcfigncd him for fome beneficial and honourable 
 ciiipluyment. The governor afterwards fent him a 
 voyage to Batavia, where he was employed, under the 
 commiflary his friend, for fome time, till that gen- 
 tleman died 1 and then he returned to the cape of Good 
 Hope: but, having paid a vifit to the Hottentots of 
 his relations and acquaintance, he threw off all his fine 
 clothes, bundled them up, and laid them at the gover- 
 nor's feet, and dcfired he would give him leave to re- 
 nounce hisChrillianity, and live and die in the religion 
 and culloms of his anceftors : only begged the governor 
 would give him leave to keep the hanger and collar he 
 wore for his fake; which while the governor was deli- 
 berating with himfelf upon, fcarce believing the fellow 
 to be in earneO, the young Hottentot took the oppor- 
 tunity of running away, and never came near the cape 
 afterwards, thinking himfelf extremely happy that he 
 had exchanged his European cloaths for a Iheep fkin 
 and the reft of the Hottentots drcfs and ornaments: 
 the Englifli Eall India company, we are informed, made 
 the like experiment, bringing over two of that nation 
 hither, whom they cloathed decently after the Euro>. 
 pean manner, and ufcd them, in all refpeds, with the 
 greatell goodnefs and gentlcnefs, hoping, by that 
 means, to be better informed of the condition of their 
 country, and whether it might be worth the while to 
 make a fettlcment there: but the two Hottentots only 
 learnt Englifh enough to bewail their misfortune in be- 
 ing brougnt from their country and their friends; and, 
 after two years trial of them, being again fet on fhore 
 at the cape, they immediately (tripped off their Euro- 
 pean clotnes, and, having taken up the (hcep fkin man- 
 tle again, rejoiced beyond mcafurc for their happy ef- 
 cape from the Englifh. 
 
 The poor Hottentots fometimes employ themfelves 
 in making arms, viz. bows and arrows, lances and 
 darts, bartering them with the rich for cattle, to begin 
 the world with : others get elephants teeth, and what 
 they do not ufe in making rings and ornaments for 
 themfelves, are generally difpofed of, it is thought, to 
 the Portucucfe and other Europeans, who touch at 
 'Icrra de Natal, and other parts of the eaftern or wef- 
 tcrn coalh The Hottentots fell very few teeth to the 
 Dutch; though it is manifefl they kill abundance of 
 elephants: they fupply the Hollanders however with 
 cattle, and take wine, brandy or tobacco, in return ; 
 and an ox may be purchafed of them for a pound of to- 
 bacco, and a large Iheep for half a pound. As to coin, 
 the reader will conclude they have none ; nor do they 
 ever fee any, unlefs fome fmall pieces of money the 
 Dutch fometimes give them for their wages at the 
 cape ; and it muft not be forgot, than the Hottentots 
 find abundance of oftrich's eggs in the fand, which 
 they barter with the fca-faring men, that touch at the 
 tape, for brandy and tobacco; every tailor almofl be- 
 ing proud of bringing home one of thefc egg (hells to 
 his friends, after he has fried and eaten the yolk, which 
 makes a large pancake, and ii pretty good food, but ra- 
 ther of the f^rongert. 
 
 Their butchers are faid to be great artifts in their way, 
 and to handle a knife as dextcroufly as an anatomifl: 
 having tied the hind and fore legs of a (hcep, they throw 
 the creature on his back, and with cords, two of them 
 extend it to its full (Iretch, while a third rips it up; fo 
 that all the entrails appear : then, with one hand, he 
 tears the guts from the carcafc, and, with the other, ftirs 
 the blood, avoiding as much ai he can the breaking any 
 of the blood-velTels about the heart ; fo that the inecp 
 is a long tune a dying: in the mean time he gives the 
 guts to another, who ju(l rids them of the mth, and 
 riiiccs ihi-ni in water, and part of them arc broiled and 
 3 
 
 catett aihortgft thchi, before thi lliccp is well dead : 
 having fcooped the bltJod out of the body of the animal 
 with their hands or fca (hells, thev cut the reft of the 
 guts in fmall pieces, ahd ftcw theiji in the Wood, which 
 is the Hottentots favourite di(h. An ox alfo is killed 
 in the fame barbaroui liianner; being thrown ujKjn 
 his back, and his legs eXtciuled with cords, he is rapped 
 up, and his guts taken out lirlh in which cruel opera- 
 tion the heart is half an hour a dyirig: they feparatc 
 the parts with great cxadncfs, dividing the Hdh, the 
 bones, the membranes, mufcles, veirts, aiulartcnts, and 
 laying them in fcvcral parcels every thing entire. 'J'hc 
 bones alfo are takeif out of the flcili, and laid together 
 in fuch order, that they might be caJily formed ihto 
 an cxad (keleton : thifc they boil bv themfdvci, and 
 get the marrow out t)f them, with «hich they anoint 
 tTieir bodies. Of the Ihccp (kin, as has been olifcrvcd 
 already, they make a mantle, if it be large: but, if 
 it is fmall, they cut it into thongs, to adorn their wo- 
 men's legs : and the hide of an ox d rvcs cither to cover 
 their tents, or to make girts and llraps of, with which 
 they bind their baggage on their carriage oxen when 
 they decamp ; and, if they have no other ufe for their 
 ox-hides, they lay them by, and cat thctn when they 
 want other food. 
 
 They have another artificer, who is both felmongcf 
 and taylor: that is, he drclTes (kins after their way< 
 and then makes them into mantles: he rakes a (heep 
 (kin juft flayed off, and, rubbing it well with fat, the 
 (kin becomes tough and fmooth ; and, if it be for one 
 of his countrymen, he rubs it over alfo with fre(h cow- 
 dung, and lays it in the fun till it is dry : then he rubs 
 it with fat and cow dung again; which he repeats fc- 
 vcral times, till it becomes perfedly black, and ftinks 
 fo, that no European can bear it ; and then, with a lit- 
 tle (haping and fewing, it is a complete manti: for a 
 Hottentot: but, if it be dre(rcd for a Dutchman, he 
 only rubs the fkin well with fat, whi'-h fecures the wool 
 from coming off. If he be to drcG an ox's hide, he 
 rubs the hairy fide with wood allies; then fprinkling it 
 with water, rolls it up, and lays it a day or two in the 
 fun; which expedients cffedually bring off the hair; 
 this (kin is then wellgreafcd, (Iretchcd our, and dried 
 again, when it is deemed good leather. 
 
 Their fmithsdo not only falhion their iron, hut melt 
 it from the ore : they find plenty of iron rtonis in fcvc- 
 ral jparts of their country ; and having got a heap of 
 there, they putihem into a hole in the ground, heated 
 and prepared for their purpofc : then they make a fire 
 over the Hones, which they fupply with fuel, and keep 
 up till the iron melts: and then it runs into another 
 hole, which they make for a receiver, a little lower than 
 the firrt : asfoon as the iron in the receiver is cold they 
 b»eak it to pieces with ftoiies ; and, heating the pieces 
 again in other fires, beat them with ftones, till they 
 (hape them into the heads of lances, darts, arrows, and 
 bows, and fuch weapons as they ufe; for they fcarce 
 ever form any other utenfils, but arms of this metal : 
 they get the hardcll flat (lone, according to monficur 
 Vogel, and, laying the iron upon it, as upon an anvil, 
 beat it with another round (lone, which ferves them 
 for a hamnierj then they grind it upon the flat (lone, 
 and polilh it as nicely as any European artificer rtnild 
 do with all his tools: they have fome oppcr ore too, 
 which they melt in like manner; but they make only 
 toys and ornaments for their drcfs of this metal : nor, 
 indeed, do they ever work in iron, but when thcv want 
 weapons. They would never labour, if their nec'clHties 
 did not fometimes compel them to it: but, when they 
 do, no people work harder, or more indefatigablv ; 
 for they never leave a piece of work, till they have 
 (inifhcdit. 
 
 The ivory-turner makes the ivory rings that are worn 
 ornamentally about the arms; and confidering that 
 his only tool is a common clafp knife, which he pro- 
 cures from the Dutch, the workmanfliip has great 
 merit. 
 
 The potter or maker of earthen vcfTcls is another 
 art ; but this, it feems, they arc all dexterous at, every 
 family making the pou and pans they want. For thefc 
 
 thcy 
 
cook's first VOYAGE— for tnakin^ Di/averut in the South Seas & Round the ff^er/J. 
 
 i 
 
 >05 
 
 they ufc only the earth of ant>hilb, clearing them of 
 all (and and gravel t after which, the|^ work it lo^her 
 with the bruifcd ant-egg*, that are faid to conftinitc an 
 extraordinary cement. When lhe» have moulded thefe 
 materials into a kind of ptfle, Uieytakc at much of 
 them as will make one of their pott, and fiilhion it by 
 hand upon a flat (lone, making it of the form of a Ro- 
 man urn ; then they fnutoth it within and without very 
 carefully, not leaving the leail roughneft upon the fur- 
 face i and having dried it in the fun two or three days, 
 they put the |Mt mto a hole in the around, and burn it, 
 by making a fire over it i and, when they uke it out, 
 it appears perfedlly black: every family alfo make their 
 own mats, with which they cover their tents or hutt 5 
 but thii it chiefly the buiinidi of the women : they ga- 
 ther the flags and ruihet by the river (ide, Or weave or 
 plat them into mats fo clofely, it it faid, that neither 
 the weather or light can penetrate them. 
 
 The lad artificer we (hall mention is the rope-maker, 
 who hat no better materials, than fuch flags and ru(hes 
 as the mats arc made oft and yet they appear almoit as 
 Arong at thofc made of hemp : the. Dutch, at the cape, 
 buy and ufc them in ploughing, and in draUght-car. 
 riagea. 
 
 As to the way of travelling here, rhe natives all travel 
 on foot, except the aged and iniirm 1 and thefe are 
 carried on their baggage oxen. As there are no inns or 
 places for rcfrclhment, the travelling Hottentot calls at 
 the kraals in his way, where he meets with a hearty 
 welcome from hit countrymen, who endeavour to (hew 
 their hofpitalicy to (bangers, whether of their own 
 country or of Eiirope. Such indocd is the general ur- 
 banity of thefe people, and their ilridl int^rity when 
 any confidence is placed in them, that when the Hol- 
 landers travel either on foot or horfeback, if they can- 
 not reach an European (ettlement, they alfo call at the 
 kraals of the Hottentots, where they are compKmented 
 with a hut, and fuch provi(ion at they have, or they 
 may lie in the area of the kraal, in the open air. if they 
 picafb, and the weather be good ; and hero tliey are 
 ftcure both firona robbcra and' wild bcaftst for the 
 bufhit banditti oii theimountaitis are dan^rous, at they 
 
 give no quarter} but the Hottentot nations in general 
 old them in abhorrence, and unanimoudy concur in 
 feizing and puniihing ihcm upon bll occatitiMv 
 
 Their language is very inarticulate and vlcfevflive ; 
 one word (ignifies Icveral thingt, the definitive meaning 
 being dcccnnincd by the manner of pronouncing: and 
 the pronunciation is fo harfb and confufed; (hat they 
 fecmi to tiammcr in all they '<^k. Hence, though 
 they are eafily taught' to underiland othee^ languages, 
 they can feldnm be brought n> f{keak them with any de- 
 gree of mtcUigibilicy. — . i:i :ii !i ' 1: 
 
 We fliall here fubjoin a fmall Hottentot vocabulary, 
 fpr the fatisfaftion ofriic curiooa 1 khauna, fi^ifict a 
 lamb; kgou, a gooff: hiinqvaa, trcet;' knomm, to 
 heart quaqua. a pheafanc; tiuka, a whale;, horri, 
 beafts in general; knabou, >a fowling picce^.qua^ar»- 
 ho, u wildot ; ouncqua, the anotis t vjuicnkba, to Ml;' 
 lifchanec, a dogt konkcqua, ataftaint ^uaa, the neckt 
 qlian, the heart t l^c^s, a buckler doe ; itikquotv: a 
 g(td : knmma, a houlei khoaa, aiiat ; kowkuri^ iron 1 
 K«>nkrkcrey; a hen; thaukou,ia.tlark night i tkoume, 
 ricei ghoudie, aflieep; toya,/iioiwind ; ttkaa, a val- 
 ley; tknonoklau, gunpowder t kamkumma, the earth s 
 quaouw, thunder I duekatere,. a^uck t kammaj waters 
 qtiavha, an aft| nsMw, the eavst kirri, a "ftjck't 
 iiomhha, the beard t ka-ai to drink; duriefa, an ogtt 
 l.^k-kaa, an rtx oi burden 1 ouhvtCi fouttcn houi»ov< * 
 Ira dog: bikgun, the head j kiain^,« Aag: kouqnil, 
 a pigeon t anthun, to*morrowt koa, a tooth tkha- 
 inouiia, rhe devil: hakqua, a horfe; kvo, a^fpn; 
 kammi), a ttre^mi tika, gial'si tdqua. a wctT^'kaan* 
 !{«a, the mouth ; khou, a peaootkis gAna, a boy j goit, a 
 ^v>t kl)Q;dcamnM, a baboon; k^rhanehpu, a ftar : 
 11:11, an^vc: tquaifouw, a tygti*. ! 
 
 > The Hottentots have oiily ten humcrical tcrths, 
 \rhich they repeat twice to cxpreft the muitiplicatiDn of 
 the ( H-ft term. »nd three times to expreis the rc>nMthi-i 
 
 plirarinnnf tnc attcr. Their terms are: q'kui, mti 
 
 N<J. li. 
 
 klcam, twoi kouna, thrcet kakka, fonr< koo, five i 
 nanni, fu ; kounlco, feveni khifli, eight r khnll, ninct 
 ghi(Ti, ten. 
 
 Thus have we given a ciicumftantial and ftill ac- 
 count of the cape, its inhabitants, produdtions and adja* 
 cent country 1 from whence the French, at MauritiuSt 
 are fupplied by the Dutch with falted beef, bifcuit. 
 Hour, and wine: the provifions for which the French 
 contradtcd this year were five hundred thoufand lb. 
 wcightaf fait beef, four hundred thoufand lb. of floury 
 four hundred thouliind lb. of bifduit, iind one thoufand 
 two hundred leagers of wine. We have only to^ add . 
 to this account a few obfcrvationi on the bay, and gar- 
 rifon. The former it large, fafe, and exceeding con- 
 venient. It is indeed open to the N. W. winds, but ' 
 they feldotn blow hardt yet as they fometimes occa- 
 (Ion agrrit fea, thcifhipt moor N. E. and S. W. 'The 
 S. E. w>:ids blow frequently with great fUry; but their 
 diredion being right out of the bay prevents them from 
 being dangeroub. For the convenience of landing and 
 (hipping goodsi a wharf of wood is run out near the 
 town, to a prdper diftance. Water is conveyed in 
 pipes to this wharf, and many large boats and hoys arc 
 kepc by the Company to carry (lores and provifions to 
 and from the (hipping in the harbour. This bay is co- 
 vered by a fmall fort on the £. (ide of the town, and 
 clofe to the beach ; and is alfo defended by feveral out- 
 works and batteries extending along the (hore, as well 
 on this (ide of the town as the other; ncverthclcfs they 
 are by their (ituation cxpofcd to the (hipping, and in a 
 manner defencelefs againft an enemy of any force by 
 land. As to the garrifon, this conflfhi of eight hun- 
 dred regular troops, befidcs militia of the country, in 
 which laft is comprehended every man able to bear 
 arms. By fignals .they can alarm the country in a' 
 very (horc time, and' when thefe ate made, the militia' 
 it CO: repair iminediardy to' their place of rendezvous in 
 ttie town. ' 
 
 On Sunday, tht r4th of April in the morning, we' 
 Weighed, 'Hood outtof the my, and anchored at five 
 in the evening under iVmgMin, or Robin Ifland. Here 
 we lay all night, and being prevented from failing by 
 thewind, the Captain d'$$atched a boat to the illana 
 for a few trifling articles, which we had omitted to take 
 inaitbe Cape : when our people drew near the fhore, 
 theyiwere'wamedbyt the Dutch not to land at their 
 (}eril: At the fame lime fix men, armed with muf-° 
 qucu,. paraded upon «he beach. The commanding 
 officer in the boat did tjot think it prudent to ri(k the 
 lives of his men, on account of a few cabbages, and 
 therefore fetdrncd withdut thert to the fliip. To thia 
 ifland the Dutch at the Cape banifh fuch criminals z\ 
 arc not thought worthy of death, for a certain number 
 of ychrs, according liathe liatiire of their crimes. They 
 , itro' empioyol as (laves ! in digging lime-ftone, which' 
 though I'cditce upoii the continent is herein great abun- 
 danei^ A Dinrfli (hip touched at ihit ifland, havingi 
 beenim&fed a(riftanoc,xc.the Cape, and fending her 
 t boat on (horo, overpowered the guard, and then took^ 
 ; as man^of 'thecr.-ninals as were neceflarj' to navigate 
 har)hnne;,'ia|' fhe had kft great part of^ her crew by 
 j lickAcfa. Tp this incident we attributed our repulfe; 
 cotrludingi: that the Dutch to prevent a fimilar refcue 
 o( '(hlBii^ipirifaners, had ordered their garrifon at this 
 place;/ ndt to fuliier any boat of foreign nations to land 
 the qrfiil; and come afliore. 
 
 On Thurfday the i^tb, we put to fea, and about 
 fourt/clackin the afternoon died our mafler. Mr. Ro- 
 bert 'Moilinbtx. a youth of good parts, but unhap* 
 pity for his Own felfprefiirvacion too much^diAed to 
 intemperance, a habit wc would caution all tho(e who 
 ondirtabe hmg voyage' to avoid, if they have anv re- 
 gard to their peribud fafety. We now continuen our 
 voyage without dny other ftmarkabie incident ; and on 
 Moriday the 39th, we crofTed our firfl meridian, hav- 
 ing circumnavigated the globe from E. to W. and con- 
 fequehttf loft • day, for which upon corredling our rec- 
 knninff-i^ Datavia, we made an allowance. On Monday 
 the m.vt May, we came to anchor at bvoak of day, be- 
 fbrr Jamci'sifen in the ifland of St. i^lcna; wid at we 
 « D ! propofcd 
 
 I 
 % 
 
 
 
 f1 
 
 1 
 
lo6 
 
 Capt. CO O K's V OVY A,a Ji iS. C O M If^U^ti T E. 
 
 4 I 
 
 I' 
 
 propofcd torct'relh here, Mr.Banks omplaycd Ins time id 
 Vi(i(ing the tivAl remarkable placc;i, and In liirveying 
 every objeCl worthy of notice. 
 
 St. Milena is liAiatcd in the Atlantic oceah, in Ifix 
 dej;reca W. lonKiludc, and lixteen S. latitude, ahnnoll 
 '\n the midi^uy between Africa and America, being 
 twelve huiuh-ed milca dillaiit from the ibriner, :and 
 eighteen humlri^l tram the latter. It was fo named by 
 the Portuguefc, who difcovercd it on St. Helen's-day. 
 Jhisiidand is 36 milel long, 1 8 broad, mA aboat 61 in 
 aircumfcrcnce; It js the fuminit of an immenfc moun- 
 Qiin riling out of.rhcfta, and of a depth unfathomable 
 at a fmalT dilUnce round it. Is may be difccrned at 
 lea, at above twdwy leagues didance, and looks like a 
 caftic in the uiiddle of the ocean, whofc natural walls 
 arcof that height, thar there is no fcating them. The 
 tmall valley cniied CbapeUvalley, in a bay on the call 
 Me of it, is defended by a battery of forty or fifty great 
 gims, planted even witb the watert and the waves daflu 
 i)ig perpetually on the Ihorc, make it d4fficult,landing 
 even here. There is alio one little creek bclidcs, wjicre 
 two or three men may land at a time; but this is now 
 defended by a battery of iive or (ix guns, and rendered 
 inacceinble. No anchorage is to tw found any where 
 about the illnnd^ but at Chiipd-<vailey bay, and as the 
 wind always fcts from the S. E. if a (hip overlhoots 
 the ifland c^ er To littlr^, (he cannot recover it again. 
 The feat, of volcanoes has been found to be the highefl 
 part of the countries ift which they are found. Heda 
 is the highclt hill in Iceland : aqd the pike of Tencriti'e 
 i« knoivm to be the covering of fubterraneous Hre. 
 Thefe are Rill burning: but there are other mountains 
 which bear evident marks of fire that is now extind : 
 among thefe is St, Helena, whcirc the inequalities ot 
 the ground, and its external furiaCe, are evidently the 
 elfeds of the fwking of the eanh'i' and that this was 
 caul'cd by fubterraneous fire, is equally manifell from 
 the ftones, tor fomc of them, efpccially thofe in the 
 bottom ot the valkys, arc bXii^t almoA to cinders. This 
 idanJ, as the Endeavour approached it oil tlic wihd^rd 
 livle,appcared|ikea rude hcapiofr^kk, bounded b)Cf]r&. 
 cjpiGcs of an MDa^ing height, and cbnftl^iag of a kind of 
 (tone, which ;ih«wa not the.kftf fign of vegetation: ' nor 
 14 it more proinilfng upon a: nearer view. Sailing along 
 lliore, wc camc^iear the hugtcliifs, that feenied to over- 
 hang the (hip. At length we opened Chapcl-tvalley,which 
 rcfciiiblea a trench, and in this valley we difcuvercd the 
 town. The fi^es of it ani as naked as the clitfs next 
 thefea; but the bottom is ilightlyt cloathed with her- 
 bage. In its prefcnt cultivated. Itate, fuch appeared 
 the illand to us; and the firil hills oiull he paOcd, 
 before the CQimtry difplays its verdure, of 'any other 
 nurks of fertility. /■;.' • 
 
 In ChapcUvailcy, a little beytavl the landing pfatce, 
 it a fort whcrcthe goivemor refidca with thcgamifon; 
 and the town (lamit julf by the fea-fid^. The gnatcr 
 part of the hoiifes arc ill built* <The church, which 
 wac originally a mean ftnidure, is in ruins ; and the 
 market-place nearly in the fame csndicion. Thctonrn 
 eontills of -.ibuut forty or. fifty buildingr,'.con(trudcd 
 after the Eoglilh lalhion, whither the prsple of the 
 illand rcl'ori when any (htppirfg appears, ias well <o 
 ailifl in the ilefcncc of the ifland, as to entfftain the 
 Icanicn if they arc friends : for the govcmdriipSiKlways 
 leniinels, un the highell part of the illakid; totha wind- 
 uaril, ulu) ^ivc notice of the approach of all (hipping, 
 4Mii j^un.s aic thereupon fired, that every iaan may re- 
 ion tohi.s poll. It is impollible for dn eniimy to ap-^ 
 proach by. l't:d in the night time, and if difcdTsr6d the 
 jay befiirc, preparations are.fpeedily imadcior hh re- 
 ception.' 
 
 Notwithilanding the illand appears a bartcn rock on 
 every lidr,. yet on the top itis.-unvcred with « fine hycr 
 of earth, producing gixim, fruits, and herbsoii various 
 kinds ( and the country after we alccnded che rock, it 
 diverfificd nith rifrng hills and phiin*, planutions' of 
 fruit trees and kitchen gardens, among^whieh the^houfes 
 of the natives are interlperfed, and in the opci^ fields 
 arc herds of cattle grazing, foine of which aKi fiitted 
 to fupply the (hipping, and the reit fucnilhthe.dairics 
 
 witfcmlUcii butth, i*»«*<:h«cre. Hogj, go«ts, turkeys, 
 andiall manner ^fpoiiltry alio abnuiui, and the fcas are 
 well Uorod withllfli. Hut aini<l(t all this affluence, the 
 people.haVi neither bread nor wine of their own growth : 
 lior though the foil m proper for wheat, yet the rats 
 that harbour in the rotks, and cannot be dellroyed, 
 eat up all tfie feed, before the grain is well out of the 
 
 ' ground; and though their vines Hourifli and produce 
 
 ' them grapes enough, yet the latitude is too hot for 
 making wine. This they have therefore from the 
 Canaries, the Madeiras, or the Cape, as well as their 
 flour and knidt. Their very houfes are fomc of them 
 brought from Europe ready framed, there being no 
 timber on the illand, trecK not taking deep root here 
 on account of the rock that lies fo near the furfacc: 
 however, they have underwood enough for neccllary 
 ufes. ..Bafides grapes, they have plantains, bananas, figj, 
 lemons, and fuch other fruiis is hot countries ufiially 
 produce. They alfo raifc kidney beans, and fome 
 other kinds of pulfe in thei'. gardens ; and the want of 
 bread they fupply with prcatocs and yams. 
 
 In the year 1701, tKere were upon the ifland about 
 two hundred famili^n, moll of them Englifli, or d^> 
 
 , fcended from Englifli parents. Every f;iinily has a 
 houfe and plantation on the higher part of the ifland, 
 where they look after their cattle, fruits, and kitchen 
 garden. They fcarce ever come down to the town, 
 unleli it be tothurch, or when the (hipping arrive, 
 when moft of the houfes in the valley are converted into 
 punch-houfes, or lodgings for their guells, to whom 
 they fell their poultry, and other commodities; but 
 they are not full'ered to purchafe any merclundize of 
 the fliips that touch here. Whatever they want of 
 foreign growth or manufiK^ure, they are obligtdito buy 
 at the company's warehoule, where twice overv month, 
 they may furnilh themfelves with br.\ndy, Kiiropean 
 or Cape wines, Batavia arrack, malt, beer, fugar, tea, 
 coffee, china, and japan-ware, linen, callicoes, chintz, 
 inuflins. ribbaiuls, woollen-cloth and ilutts, and all 
 
 'manner of cloathing, for which they are allowed' lixi 
 months: credit. Amona the very few native produc* 
 tions of this ifland mudiw reckoned ebony, though the 
 trees are now nearly extind. Pieces of this wood are' 
 frequently fdund in the vallica of a fine black coldur„ 
 and a hardnefs alamll equal to iron ; thefe pieces, how.: 
 ever, are fo flioit and crooked, that no ufe can be made 
 of them. Thereare few infcdls here, but upon the tops 
 of the highefi ridges a fpecics of fnail is found, whichri 
 has probably been there finoc the original creation of 
 
 ' their kind. It is indeed very difficult to conceive how ' 
 apythin^not formed here, or brought hither by the - 
 diligence, of man, Could find its way to d place (b 
 fevered from the red of the work), by (bunfiiinmenfe^ 
 extent.' '.''.'■■ 
 
 The PortuRuefe, whodifcovenedthis ifland in ijor.t 
 (lor<;d it with hogs, goafs, and poultry, and tifed to 
 touch at it for water atid (rc(h provifiana in their re*, 
 turn from India ; but we do not find they ever planted ' 
 a colony here; or, if chey did, having deferred it atier- 
 wardi> the Knglilh Ea^lndia Company took polfcnion 
 of the ifland A. D. 1660, and held u till 1673, without < 
 interruption, when the Dutch took it by furpcne. How- 
 ever, the Englilh, commanded by Capt. Munden, re- 
 covered it again within the fpace of a year, and took . 
 three Dutch Eaft Ihdia fliips that lay in the road at' 
 the fame time. The .HoUaiuert /had fortified the land- 
 ing place, and planted batteries of great guns to pre- 
 vent a defccnt t butthe'Euiglifli beirtg acquainted with 
 a fmali creek where only two men could go abread, 
 climbed up to the top of the rocka in the night time, 
 and appearing next morning at the backs of the Dutch, 
 they tnrew down their arms, and furrendered the ifland 
 without (biking a ftroke : but, as x^c have betbre ob- 
 (ci^ved, this crecK has been finre fortitied: fo that theie 
 is BOW. no place where an enemy can iiiakis a dcfcent 
 with any probability uf fucccls. 
 
 The afiairs of the P^fl-India Company arc managed 
 here- by a governor, dcputy-govcrtHx, anil ltorchoufe-> 
 ke^rt who have certain fettled falnriKii allovied, be* 
 (ides a pubjic table, well furnilhed, tu which nil com- 
 manders, 
 
■■WnM 
 
 town. 
 
 1 in 1^02,1 
 id tifed to 
 their rc» . 
 er planted ' 
 it aticr* 
 poiFciTioik 
 without > 
 «c. How- 
 indcn, re> 
 and took , 
 road at' 
 the land', 
 ns w pi«- 
 intcd with 
 abrcaft, 
 i^ht timr, 
 he Dutch, 
 the ifland 
 before ob- 
 that thew 
 a dcfcent 
 
 Mnanagcd 
 lorchoul'e-. 
 o>»'ed, be- 
 all ront- 
 mandcrs, 
 
 COOKs F IRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Soiat Seas & round the fVorU. 1 07 
 
 Biandert, marters of (liips, and eminent paflcngerj arc 
 welcome. The nativci fomftimcs call tjie refult pf, 
 their delibcraiionj fevxre iinpOfitions ; and though fe- 
 lief might perhaps Ije had from the company in Eng- 
 land yet the unavoidable delay* in rcturnmg anfwcn 
 to addrefles ai,ihacdirtancc puts th%«gKricved undjr 
 great hardftiip«; aitt on the other ftand, -Avas n^t the 
 fituatibn of thi* i(find ^ry fcrviceable to our home- 
 waid-bound Eaft-India ftilps, the conrtani trouble and 
 cxpence would induce the company to abandon the 
 ifland ; for though it is furnifhcd with the conveniencics 
 of life, the merchants find no other profitable com- 
 modities there. The maftcrs of the plantations keep a 
 great many blacks, who, upon fevere treatment, hide 
 themfelves Tftr two or three months together, keeping 
 among the rocks by day, and roving at night for 
 provilions: but they arc generally difcovcred and 
 uken. 
 
 The children and defendants of white people nave 
 not the lead red in their cheeks; in all other places 
 near the tropics; but the natives of St. Helena arc re- 
 markable for their ruddy complexions and robuft con- 
 nitutioni. Their hjcathfulncfs may, in general, be 
 alcribcd to the fo'lowing caufes. They live on the top 
 of a mountain always open to the fca breezes that con- 
 ttantly blow here: they are ufually emploved in the 
 moft healthful exercifes of gardening and hulbandry ; 
 the ifland is frequently refrellied with moderate cooling 
 (howcrsi and no noxious fens, nor fah mailhcs annoy 
 them. They are ufed alfo to climb the lleep hill be- 
 tween the town in Chapel-valley and their plantation j 
 which hill is lb fteep, that, having a ladder in the 
 middle of it, they call it Ladder-hill j and this cannot 
 be avoided without going three or four miles about j fo^ 
 that they feldom want air < excrcife, the grcaf pft''"^ 
 fervers of hqalth, 'A| to the geniua and temper of 
 thcfe people they utXOeA to us thi moft h^neft, tlye 
 moft inoffcnfive, and the moft hofpiuble people we 
 ever met with of Englilh extraction, having fcarcc any 
 tth<%ire ofavarice or ambition. Wit alked fome of 
 thttti, If they had no curiofitjr to fee thi reft of the 
 world, and how they could confine Aemfelyet to fo 
 fmall a fpot of earth, feparated at fuch a diftance from 
 the reft of mankind? They replied, that they enjoyed 
 the neceflaries of life in gr^tplemjr: they *ere nei- 
 ther parched with excefflve heat, or pmched with cold: 
 they lived in perfeft fecuHty 1 in no daiwrr of enemies, 
 of robbers, wild bttfts dr rigorous fealohs; and were 
 hiippy in the enjoytnent of a continued flate 6f health : 
 that as there^re no rich men aniong them (fcarce amr 
 planter bring wonh more thail a ihoufand dolian) fo 
 then were no poor in the ifland, no n»n being worth 
 left than fdnir hundred dollars, and confeq<lenrly not 
 obfigcd to undergo *nw>re labour than was ncceflary to 
 ktmhim in heakh. ■ ^ 
 
 Our thoiights ^ck now emploved on retumirtg to 
 <nirnarive (bore; and having (uffknently recruited oar 
 Aores, on Saturday the 4th of May, we weigfhed, and 
 fariTed out of the road in company with "the Portland 
 man of war, and his convey, confilKng of twelyfc fail of 
 £aft Ihdiahteh: ' "With this fleet we contmiicd our 
 couri^ foir Ef^land until Fri^Say the loth, when per- 
 criving tKejr ouNfiiiled us, and cbnfequently intght 
 na/kt their port before us, Capt. Cook, for this ttivm, 
 made the fignal to fpcak, with the Portland, upon which 
 Capt. Elliot came on board the Endeavour; to whom a 
 letter for the Admiralty was delivered, with a bbx, cttn- 
 taininr the common log books of the <hip,'and the 
 joumalsof fomeofthedfficeii. We didnot lofe fight 
 of the fleet till Thurfday the ajd, when they partetf 
 from us t aind'abobt tme o^clock in the afiertroon, we 
 loft our firft lieutenant, Mr, Hicks, an z&wt, (kilflri, 
 judicious, and ufefiil (ifficer. Hiedied of aconfump- 
 tion, of which lingering difordcr he difcovered fcjne 
 fymptoms irtieA he left England k fb that k thi^1)c ttaly 
 
 ■j'jB!!j(i', 
 
 .V.it' 
 
 'i,-,U 
 
 faid, that he was dying the whole voyage; and his de- 
 cliacMMu very gradual till we arrived at Datavia, from 
 whence p the time of Mir iilblutMn, the flow con- 
 fumirtg'aircare gained ftr^ngh OaW^ The whole fliip's 
 company attended the funeral rites, and in the evening 
 we coinpaitwd his bmiir "M^^ j[> ^itlvthe Mfual cere- 
 monieihi lie ncxi^'uiiy (ne Captain appointed Mr. 
 Charle«CleK, a ttxing i||n, jib adt ip the room of 
 Mr. Hicks. 
 
 Wc now every day drew nearer our defired haven ; 
 but what m(ift ba the condition of our once good ftiip, 
 the Endeavour, nuy eafil^ be imagined, from a flight 
 recollection of the hardflups (be had furmounted, and 
 the dangers Ihe had ptovidentially efcaped, At this 
 time our rigging and lails were fo weather-beaten, 
 that every day fomething was giving way. However, 
 we held on our courfe, without any material occur- 
 rence that might endanger our fafety, till Monday the 
 joth of June, when, toourgreatjoy, Nicholas Young, 
 the boy »hu iirft difcovcred New Zealand, called out 
 land from the maft head, which proved to be the Li- 
 zard. The next day, being Tucfdtiy, the eleventh, we 
 proceeded up the channel. On Wcdncfday the lath, 
 with the pleafing hopes of feeing our relatives and 
 friends, exciting fenfatjons not to be defcribcd by the 
 pen of the moft able writer, wc paflcd Bcachy Head. 
 At noon, to our incxprcfliblc ioy we were a-brealt of 
 Dover; and about three o'cIock. P. M. we came to an 
 anchor in the Downs. When we landed at Deal, our 
 fliip's company indulged freely that mirth, and fociablc 
 jollity, common to all Englifh failors upon their return 
 from a long voyage, who as readily forget hardfliips 
 and dangers, as with alacrity and bravery they en- 
 counter tnem. 
 
 We cannot clofc this book without joining in that 
 oetieral cenfurc, which has been juftly beftowe^ on Dr. 
 Hawkefw^rtfl, the late compiler of a former adcount of 
 this voyage of the Endeavour. An infidel may imbibe 
 what deiftical chimeras may be bcft adapted to the 
 glo6m]| temper of his mind; but we Catinot but thii^ 
 him highly Culpable in, forcing them iftto a ^VO!;-k •f 
 this ktnd; foi' though it may be faid, that. With riefpedt' 
 to efficient and final caufes, the opinion of a general' 
 and particular Providence will form one and the fame 
 concjufion, yet we think it is, of great comfort to all 
 men, particularly to thofe who can trace the svohders, 
 of an almighty hand in the de<p, to be fenflblc of a 
 merciful Inferpofifion, Cdiiccrned, and ever iittcntive to 
 their rupport.prefcrvatiQn, and deliverance in times 
 of danger. Befidcs, this fentiment of a diVine Agent 
 fupefintcnding, and correcting the diforders introduced 
 by natuiral and moral evil, is, andoilbtedly, $ fcripture- 
 doftrlhc; and from tl)e dedudtions of the iniu'e light' 
 of nati^re, tt muft appear unfcafonable to fupj^lc, that, 
 the .firft (jttai Caufe w:ho planned the whole gi^nd 
 fchemii df .'bcation, (hbiild not be allowed tp interfere, 
 with Verpecf to particular parts, or indivi4uals, as oc-' 
 cafion, . circuinftances,. br times may req^iire. And 
 whoe)i(ri has duly confldercd the wonderful protcdtion 
 of the Pndeavour in cafes of danger the mofl imminent, 
 partiqli^vly *bcrt ehdrclcd. |n the wide o<;cah, with 
 rocks of cdral. her (he^thihg beaten off, ^nd her falfc- 
 keel.rioarit)g.bv her itde, aholc in her btottom, and the 
 mert'by; ttinlsfainitihgl.it the pumps, cannot but ac- 
 knowledge the cikiftciice of a Particulal- t*rovidcnce. 
 tt^ liiRoty of JofepI) c4n ,0% afford a more ftriking 
 infl^aHCeof the interpdftttdn of a divine invifible hand. 
 This wit countrymen experienced; and we have good 
 authority to &flert. thlt'oUr company in the Endea- 
 vour do aCkhowledge^ hotwithftandiiig the private 
 Opiitidn of the above mcrtCioned compiler, that the 
 hahd of Superior Fbwet was particularly Concerned in 
 their proteaion and daivcrance. This omnifcient 
 and'oiMnljpotent power it is the incuinbeht duty of 
 eyehrj^hrittlart to bolieyc, cohjitlc in, ao^ adore. 
 
 H 
 
 M 
 
 \€ 
 
 \:; 
 
 
 •:c.ia;f i 
 
 CAPT. 
 
 fl 
 
sitafei 
 
 'lii'Ji 
 
 I 
 
 •« 
 
 ; 
 
 !^ l'^ 
 
 In?' 
 
 .»fU ,lw., 
 
 Capt. C O O Ks 
 
 SECOND VOYAGE, 
 
 TOWARDSTHE 
 
 South Pole and Round the World, 
 
 UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMED 
 
 By Order of his Prefent MAJESTY, 
 
 In his Majefty'sShips the Refolution and Adventure; 
 
 With a View principally of Difcovering the Aippofed Southbkn Continent, &c. 
 Begun the gth of April 1772, and concluded on the 31ft of July 1775. 
 
 Tttcluding a Narrative of Capt. Forneaux's Proceedings in the Adventure after the Separation of the 
 two Ships, during which Period fcveral of his Peopfo were deftroyed by the Natives of Q^een 
 Chaslotte's Sound. 
 
 ^ 
 
 I N X B. O D U C T 
 
 .i:,i(V»-. 
 
 I 
 
 Jlo.'it s. 
 
 ON. 
 
 ; in 
 
 r.'.j 
 
 :o.'fi 
 
 npHE king's expe(£lations were not wholly anfwe;'cd 
 
 I by fonneirdircovcrics, which were fo highly blazon- 
 
 e^oth athonic and abroad, and therefi)re liis maiefty 
 
 Srqjeilcd th|s Second Voyage of Capt. Cook, ana the 
 Ttv) board was ordered to e^uip two fuch fhips as 
 were niqft fuitable to the fcrvice. Accordingly two 
 veffels were purchafcd of Capt. William Haifkmond, of 
 Hull, being about fourteen or (ixteen months old. 
 They were both built at Whitby, by the fame perfon 
 who built the Endeavour. The largeft of the two, 
 liafned the Refolution, burthen four hundred and fixty- 
 rwb tons', was lent tp Deptford to be fitted out; and the 
 Adventure, three hundred and thirty-fix tons, was 
 equipped at Woolwich. On the 28th of Npyehiber. 
 1771! Ca^. Cook was appointed to the comtnand of 
 the ktteiittlbh-, and Tobias tumeaux, who Itad been, 
 fccond Keutcnaht with Capt. Walfiv wM prennqt^d «> 
 the commahd of the AdVenture. 'Ilie RcToluttpt^ had' 
 onehurtdrei ahd twelve hahds on board^ oltke^s. in- 
 .luded.: inidthi Advchturecidwy-one. lii the former, 
 fames Cook Wis captain, Rdbcft P. Cooper,^ Plvles 
 Clerk, and Richard Pickcrfcill, were appointed lieu- 
 tinanti'. /tofejih dilbert was, maften Japict Grey, 
 boatTwairi; Tames Wallis, carpenter; Robert Anderfon, 
 .^iinneri and j[iines Patten, (ui^eoii. JohnEdgCi mbe 
 \\a»lieutenartt of t!ie marines; under whoni weir one 
 (cncant, tw^p corporals, one drumraes and fifteen pri. 
 vatcs. The Ve ft of she ere w conlifted. of three maftqr's 
 mates, fix midfliipmcn, two fu^eon*s nwtes. onecap' 
 tain's clerk, one matter at :kr^s, one coiporal, one 
 Hriuourer, his inate, one fail-maker, hii nutr», three 
 boatfwam's mates, carpentet^s three, gunner^s two, four 
 carpenter's creW, one cook, his ^te, fix quartet ipaftipre, 
 and forty-Hi/i iUe feamen. In the Adventure, Tobias 
 furneaux waicapuin, Jofeph Sti^ntc, and Arthur Ifl^mpe, 
 lieutenants- Pttcr Fannin wa«. appointed naltc^ Bd- 
 \vardJohnsboatfWain,WilliimOnardcarpenter, Andrew 
 Gloag }i;unner, Thonus Andrews furgeon: ofmafier's 
 mate?, midfhipmen, &c. as above, the number was 
 twcnty-cighr, and thirty-three able-bodied feamcn. 
 
 James Scott was lieiitcnant of the marines, under wholh 
 con>ma;id were one f? rjeaot, one corpoal, one drum« 
 n^sr, and eight pcivatcs. 
 
 The two fhips were ordered to be got |n readine(« 
 with th^ utniolt expedition, artd both the Navy and 
 Vifluallii^ boards paid aii uncommon a^cn^ion to their 
 equipment 1 even the firfi: lord, of thie. Admiialty vificcd 
 them from time tq time ; in cofi(equenre of which 
 they were not rcfiraincd.by ordinary cAablithmcnts, 
 every extn^ article thought necellary being allowed, in 
 order that they m|a|u he fiued completely... and in every 
 rc^e4 to the fatisni^i^i) of thofe who were to embark 
 in them. Indeed. C>pl. Conk failed with greater ad«^ 
 vantages in this expedition, than any of bis predcccfibrs . 
 who had gone out before on diiiLpveries ) and wc may , 
 venture to fay, no future commander will ever have at 
 commi|Iioaof a raorelibcral kind, i>or he furnilhtd 
 with a greater profufion of the very bell fUves and 9^9- > 
 vi^s^ He had thcj^amc of a veiTcl of tmxmy ton>i,, 
 oneiprofch fhip, to fcrvp ocCafioiu^lly,; or ^pon an\- 
 emergcocy, as tenders: he had po bniniiiQjing-neis,, 
 lines aqd hooks ot every kind; h^ wasfup^icd with, 
 innum/crahlc articles of fn^a^l value-, adapird to th^, 
 comtncrce of the tropical iflandi: .be had on board, 
 additional doathing fur the (camen, particularly fuii^. 
 to a cold climate, to all which were added th« boit in-, 
 firumoip ibr afironomical and nautical obfcrvafions -. > 
 in which were included four timepieces on Mr. Hai-; 
 riibn's principles, conftrudled by Mcfl*. Arnold and 
 Kendal. And that nothing might be wanting to pro> 
 cure information, and that (;ould tend to the uicccfa of. 
 the voyage, a landfcape painter, Mr. William Hodges, 
 was engaffcd for this inuxutant undertaking, accom- 
 panied bji Mr- (now D|^) John Reinhold Foficrand Son, 
 who wi;r^ ^housht the moH proper perfpns fpf the line.' 
 of Natur3|!( Hifrory, to which they were appointed with) 
 parliameittarr encouragement. Mr. William Wales 
 i and Mr. William Bailey, were iikewife engaged to make 
 j aftronomicai obfervations t the former being placed by 
 the board of kuigitude, in tho Refolution, and Mr. 
 
 Bailey 
 
COOK't SECON D VOYAGE— for making Difcovcrie* in the Sou/i Seat tx. Round the ll^orM. 1 09 
 
 Bt^ey in the Advenone. Nor muft we omit to tncn- 
 llon the number of medal* ftruck by ordrr of the Lordi 
 of the Admimtty, and intended to be ieft both ai 
 pretent* and tclUmoniei in new difcovered coun> 
 trlet. 
 
 The two diipi were vt^alled and provided with all 
 manner of neceflariei for a three year* voyage j among 
 ivhich wci« the following extra articles : i . Malt, lor 
 fweet wort, clcfigned for thofe whofe habit of body 
 might engender the fcuryy, and as a remedy for fucn 
 who might be alflldcd with that difordcr. The quan- 
 tity prelcribed for each patient, from one to fix pints a 
 day, at thedifcrction of the furgeon. 2. SourKrout, 
 of which each fcaman was to be allowed two pounds a 
 week. This is cabbage faltcd down, and dole packed 
 in caiks, after having been properly fermented. It is 
 cl^ccrncd by our navigators an excellent antifcorbutic. 
 3. Cabh.igc cut fmall and failed down, to which is 
 added juniper berries, and annifccds, which arc liko 
 wifc put to the four krout. 4. Portable foup, very 
 notirilhin<:;, and of great utility both for invalids, and 
 thofc that -tre in good health. 5. Oranges, rob of le- 
 mons, and faloup, for the ufc of the lurgcons, to be 
 adniiniftcicd to the fick and fcorbutic only. 6. Mar- 
 m:\Ia(tc (if Carrots, rcconinirnded by Baron iStorch of 
 llerlin, as a vt^ry great antifcorbutic t but it did not 
 as luch anfwcr our cxpcttbtion. I'his fyrup is ex- 
 tradccl from yellow carrots, by evaporating the finer 
 part!), till it is brought to a confillcncc oi treacle, 
 which it much refcmblcs both in tade and colour. 
 7. Juice of wort and beer, infpiflatcd, as the foregoing 
 article, and intended to fupply at times the place of 
 beer, by mixing it with water. For this we were in- 
 debted to Mr. I'clhim, Secretary of the Viftualling- 
 offitei the comniiffioners of which ordered thirty-one 
 half barrels of this juice to be prepared for trial j nine- 
 
 teen whereof were (lowed in the Kcfolution, and twelve 
 on bj«rd the Adventure, 'llius all the conveniences 
 necefliiry for the ;prefcrvation of health during a long 
 voyage, were provided in abundance 1 and even fome 
 alterations were nude in the cuftomary articles of pro- 
 vifionsi wheat being fubftitutcd in the room of « 
 quantity of oatmeal, and fugar indead of oil. 
 
 A propofed voyage attended with fuch extraordinary 
 preparations, patronized by parliament, as well as roval 
 bounty, and the execution of which being fupcrintended 
 by the firft officers of the adminilty, the navy, and by 
 Capt. Cook himfelf. we do not hclitatc to pronounce 
 one of the mod important that w as ever perlbrmed iu 
 any age, or by any country j and we may alfo with truth 
 alTert, that the aole navigator made choice of by his 
 majeliy, was equal to the talk in which he was embark- 
 ed. Every thinking pcrfon cannot but admire his (kill, 
 his fortitude, his care of his men, his vigilance in at- 
 |tending to the minuted intimations of former r.ivi^a- 
 tors, his perfevcrance ainidH the dangors and hardlhi{>s 
 of rigorous fcafons, his prowefs in leading his com- 
 pany jud fo far as the<- were capable of proceeding ; in 
 thort, his condud throughout, which, while he kept 
 every man fingly in (Irid obedience to his duty, he 
 conciliated theaffedions of all, and I'ecurcd their elleem. 
 The Hiflory of his Second Voyage, which we arc now 
 about to fubmit to the judgement of our numerous Sub- 
 fcribcrs, will, we are perfuaded, confirm the truth of 
 this opinion ; and we are happy in having received their 
 unanimous approbation of the maps, chart;, portraits, 
 and views, wnich have been hitherto introduced, and 
 which are all engraved froiA the originals by our mod 
 eminent artids. We hope for a continuance of their 
 good opinion, which, in the execution of this v» ork, wc 
 mall endeavour by all laudable means to merit and pre- 
 ferve. 
 
 =Stl 
 
 BO O K IL 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Sbf Endfozctir Uthcs her dftariiire frm Dfpt/orJ—^Toucbts at the Ifland of St. yaro, m of the Cape de f^erJt-^Purfuei 
 her voyage to the Cape of Good Hope— Account oftranfallimu there , and incidents that happened in her pajfage — Her de- 
 parture frm the Cape— Continues her voyage infeatcb rf a Southern Continent— Sequel of this /earcb, betxcern tlje 
 tiundian oft It Cape of Good Hope and that of New Zealaiid— Separation <ftbt tivo thips, and the arrival oftlx Refolutim 
 • tn Diijky Bay. 
 
 A D I77-' 'T'HE Refolution and Adventure be- 
 • ' ''" 1. ing equipped in the moft complete 
 rfianner, as already related, the former on the 9th of 
 April, dropped down the river as far as Woolwich, at 
 M hich place (he was detained by contraiy winds j but 
 on the 2 2d failed from thence to Long Reach, where 
 (lie was joined by her companion the Adventure, and 
 both fiiips took in their marines, guns, and ammunition. 
 May the loth we failed for Plymouth, but before we 
 pot out of the river, the Refolution was found to be 
 very crank, on which accouftt we put into Sheemefs. 
 While fomc alterations were making m her upper woHc.*, 
 Lord Sandwich and Sir Hugh PaUiferpaid us a vifit, in 
 order to fee they were executed in a proper manner. 
 The Refolution being again rfcidy tor (ca, we departed 
 from Shccrnefs. On the ad of July we n»et Lord 
 Sandwich, in the AugufVa Yacht, whom we faluted with 
 feventecn guns, and his lordlhip, accompanied with 
 Sir Hugh Palliler, honoured us with their prefencc on 
 board, which was the laft inilanoe of that very great 
 attention they had paid to a variety of particuiara that 
 might tend to promote the fucccfs of our undertak- 
 ing:. 
 
 About this time Capt. Cook received from the board 
 
 of Admiralty his inftrudHons, dated the asth of June, 
 
 the tenor and fubfbmceof which were, that the Advoi- 
 
 turewaatobeunderhiico|!im«id: that the two (hips 
 
 No. 13. 
 
 were to proceed to the idand of Madeira, from thence 
 to the Cape of Good Hope: that having at this place 
 refrelhed the (hips companies, and fupplicd them with 
 provilionsand other nece(raries, they were to make the 
 bcft of their way to the fouthward, in fcarchofCape 
 Circumcifion, which, by M. Bouvet, is faid to be in 
 latitude 54 deg. S. and in about 11 deg. 20 min. E. 
 longitude, from the Royal Obfervatory in the Park at 
 Greenwich; that if they fell in with this Cape, Capt. 
 Cook was to endeavour, by all means in his power, to 
 difcover whether the fame was part of the fuppofcd 
 continent which had fo much employed the natiotul 
 attention of different European powers, or only the pro- 
 montory of an idand: that, in either cafe, the gentle- 
 men on board the two (hips were diligently to explore 
 the fame, to the utmod extcni polTible 5 and to make 
 fuch obfervations of various kinds, as might corrcfpond 
 with the grand objecft in view, and be in any refpcdl 
 ufeful to either navigation or commerce ; not omitting 
 at the fame time proper remarks on the trenius and 
 temper of the inhabitants, whofe frienddiip and alliance 
 they were diredled to conciliate, by all probable mo- 
 tives, and prudential means in their power : that they 
 were to proceed on new difcovcrics to the eadward or 
 wedward, as the captains might judge mod eligible, 
 endeavouring only to run into as high a latitude, and as 
 near the fouth pole as pofTible ; that whatever might be 
 a E the 
 
 
 '"Si 
 
 
 il 
 
 II, 
 
 i. i| 
 
 » 
 
 ■:i ■■ 
 f 
 
 mi 
 mi: 
 
 w 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
G E S COMPLETE. 
 
 I. l 
 
 the rcfult of their invcAigatioiu with refpcA to Ca|ie 
 Cifcumcifion, they were to continue their furvcyi to 
 the fouthward, and then to the eaflwnril. either iii 
 Tearch of the faid continent, (houtd it not have been 
 afcertaincd, or to make dilcoveriv n of fuch idandi a* 
 might be featcd in the hitherto unexplored and un- 
 known parts of the fouthem latitudes : that, having 
 ctrruniiuvigatcd the slobe, they were to return to Spit- 
 head by the way of the Cap of Good Hope : and that 
 to anfwer the intentions of government in this voyage 
 as fully as poHlble, when the feafon of the year ren- 
 dcreJ It unfafo to continue in high latitudes, tnev were 
 to repair to fomc known port to the northwaru i and 
 after having refuted, &c. tney were to return again, at 
 the proper feafon, to the fouthward, in profrcution of 
 new difcoveriet there. It may not be amifs here to ob- 
 fcrve, that thefe orders were not intended in any re- 
 fpcifl to cramp Capt. Cook, who was allowed, in cafe 
 the Refolution HiHuld be lo(l, to continue his voyage in 
 the Aoventure : he had to this end aflilTants out of num- 
 ber : his (lay was not even hinted at : he was not obliged 
 to return at any limited time i in Ihort he had ample 
 power, full autliority, and, in all iinforcfecn cafes, he 
 was to proceed according to his own difcretion, and ad 
 entirely as he picafcd. We bej| leave further to ob- 
 fcrvc, that in the hiftory of this voyage, Greenwich 
 b made our Brfl meridian, and from hence the longi- 
 tude is reckoned E. and W. to 1 80 dcg. each way. 
 And our readers wilUlfo take notice, that whenever the 
 initial letters, A. M. and P. M. of ante-nieridianum, 
 and poft-mcridianum, arc ufcd, the former fignilics the 
 forenoon, and the latter the afternoon of the fame day. 
 
 A copy of the above inftrudlions were tranfmitted to 
 Captain Fumeaux, inclofed with Capt. Cook's orders, 
 in which he appointed, fhould the two lliips be fepa- 
 ratcd, the ifland o^ Madeira for the firll pwce of ren- 
 dezvous J Port Praya for the fecond ; the Cape of Good 
 Hone tor the third ; and new Zealand tor the fourth. 
 
 While we 'remained at Plymouth, our aftronomers, 
 Mr. Wales, and Mr. Bayley, made obfervations on 
 Drake's Ifland ; when the latitude was found to be 50 
 dcg. 2! min. 30 fee. N. and the longitude 4 deg. 20 
 min. W. of Greenwich ; whereby the true time for put- 
 ting the time-pieces and watches in motion was af- 
 certained. This was done on the 13th of July, and 
 they were fct a-going, in the prefencc of the two aftro- 
 nonicrs, Capt. Furneaux, Capt. Cook, and the two firft 
 lieutenants of the tliips. Thefe had each of them 
 keys of the boxes which contained the watches, and 
 were always to be prefent at the winding them up, and 
 comparing the one with the other, unlrTs prevented by 
 indifpofition. This day, the fhips crews, according to 
 the cuftom of the navy, received two months viages in 
 advance. As a further encouragement, and that they 
 iiiight provide necetfaries for the voyage, they were 
 likewifc paid the wages due to them to the 28th of the 
 preceding May. 
 
 On Sunday the 1 2th of July, the Refolution broke 
 from her moorings in the Sound, and was adrift together 
 with the tranfport buoy to w hich (he was fattened. All 
 hands were on deck inflantly, the cables were cleared, 
 and the fails fpread. We patTed the Adventure, and 
 came to an anchor, after having cfcapcd the very ap- 
 parent danger of beiiw dathed againd the rocks which 
 arc under the fort. 'This favourable event was looked 
 upon by our feamcn as an omen to the fuccefs of the 
 voyage. It was undoubtedly an inftance of the care of 
 Divine Providence, exerted for our protedion in fo cri- 
 tical a moment. Indeed the whole of our voyage, 
 e(|ually with this circumtlancc, dcmontlrates, that a 
 divine power was abfblutcly neceflary to protedl us in 
 times of danger, and to give us a fate return. 
 
 On Monday the 13th at fix o'clock, A. M. the two 
 (liips failed from Plymouth Sound, in company, and 
 palletl the Eddiftbne, which is a l6fty, we'l contrived 
 tow er, of the utmoft advanuge to navigation and com- 
 nifac. As we ftood off tlwre, the wind increafed, and 
 the billows rolled higher and higher. Mofl of the fear 
 men both old and young were affettled with fickncfs. 
 On the 20th, we fell in with Cape Onega! on the coaft 
 
 of Galicia. The countr^r appears hilly, ^nd the top* 
 of the hilli are covered \ 'th wcxid. The fca now grew 
 |Krfe(i»ly calm, and the profpcdt which furnnmiUrd u» 
 « as very delightful. When in tight of Cape !• inifterrc, 
 bearing W. S. W. fevenor eight leigues, we were met 
 by a fmall French Tartan from Marfcilles, freighttJ 
 with flfwr from Ferrol and Corunna. Wc obtainedfrora 
 them a fmall fupply of frefh water, which ue nnich 
 wanti-d, having been oblijf^ed to fubfift on bread and 
 our wine. On the 2 id, in the afternoon, wc nalTcd 
 two Spanith men of war, one of which fired a inot at 
 the Adventure to bring her tO| but on Itailing her, and 
 being told we were king's fliips, made a pr«)pcr apo- 
 logy, and very politely look leave, wifhing us a good 
 voyage. On Wednefday, the 29th, about nine at 
 night, we anchored in Funchjiile road, in the ifland of 
 Madeira. After having faluted the ga^rifon with eleven 
 guns, and they had returned the compliment, we went 
 on lliore, accompanied by the two Formers, and were 
 conduced by Mr. SiUs, a gentleman from the vice-con- 
 ful. to the houfe of Mr. Loughna<is, a conliderable 
 Englifh merchant, who aflifled us with every accom- 
 nuMJation the ifland and his houfe afforded, during 
 our (tay. Here the officers and private men furnillicd 
 themfclves with furh flocks of wine as they could con> 
 veniently purchafe. 
 
 The Madeira, or Madera iflandi are only three in 
 number; namely, Madeira, properly fo called 1 the 
 ifland of Puerto, or Porto Santo ; and Ifla Deferta, or 
 the Dcfolate Iflc. They are fitnatcd to the N. of 
 the Salvages, and in the Atlantic ocean, between thirty- 
 two and thirty-three deg. and feventccn and eighteen 
 dcj- W. longitude, two hundred and fifty miles N. by 
 E. fron) Tcncriff, three hundred and fixty from Catie 
 Cantin on the coafl of Africa, and three hundred N. 
 of the illand of larro. They were thus named from 
 the principal of them, which was called by the Portu- 
 piezc Madeira, tignifying a wood or forefl, from ^t« 
 being overgrow n w jth trees. They were tirft difcovered 
 by an Englifli gentleman, and manv years after by the 
 Ponu^clc ! and as there is fometning extremely (in- 
 gular in both thefe occurrences, but more particularly 
 the firtt, we^thall, for the entertainment of our rea- 
 ders, relate the circumflances attending it. 
 
 In the reign of Edward III. king of England, a 
 young gentleman, named Robert Machin, conceived 
 a violent paflion for Ann D'Arfet. a beautiful and ac- 
 compliflicd lady of a noble family. Machin. with re- 
 (\>cH CO birth and fortune, was inferior to the lady ; 
 but his perfonal qualifications overcame every fcruple 
 on that account. :ind the rewarded his attachment with 
 a reciprocal afl^edion. Their friends, however, beheld 
 the young gentleman in a different light ; they fancied 
 their blood would be contaminated by an alliance w ith 
 one of a lower rank, and therefore determined tofacri- 
 fice the happinefs of the young lady, to the hereditary 
 pride of blood, and theirown mercenary and interefted 
 motives. In confequence of thefe ideas, a warrant 
 was procured from the king, under the fandion of 
 which Machin was apprehended, and kept in clofe 
 confinement, till the objc<it of his affedtiona was mar- 
 ried to a nobleman, whofe chief merit lay in his hono- 
 rary title and large potTeflionsi and immediately after 
 the nuptial ceremony was over, the peer took his beau- 
 tiful bride with him to a ftrong caflle which he had in 
 the neighbourhood of Briftol, and then the unfortu- 
 nate lover was fet at liberty. 
 
 After being rcleafed from his cruel confincnKnt, M»* 
 chin was acquainted that his miflrefs had been com-* 
 pclled to give her hand to another. This rendered 
 him almoft frantic, and he vowed to revenge the vie 
 lence done to the lady, and the injury which he himfelf 
 had fuftained ; and with this view, imparted hit defigii 
 to fome of his friends and companions, who engaged 
 to accompany him to Briflol, and atTifl him in wMt- 
 ever enterprize he undertook. Accordingly one of hi* 
 comrades contrived to set himfelf hired by the noble- 
 man as a fervant, and by that means bein^ introduced 
 into the family, he foon found an opportunity to let the 
 lady kiu)w the fentimcnts and iptencions of her lover t 
 
 wheti 
 
COOK'i StlCOND VOYAGE^-fof making DtJOMries in the South Seas 6c Rt)und the li'orU. 1 1 i 
 
 mar- 
 Ihono- 
 aiter 
 [bcau- 
 tiad in 
 Ifortu- 
 
 Icom- 
 Idercd 
 
 when Ihe fully enicrcd into all hit projcdti.aiid promifed 
 to comply with whatever he Ihould propofc. To Cici- 
 litate their dcfign., the Udy appeared more chcarlul 
 thanufual, which lulled afleep every fufpitionihat her 
 lord might othcrwife have enterttinedj (he alio en- 
 treated permilRon to ride out daily to take the air Ibr the 
 benefit of her health, which rc^ueft her confort ealily 
 crantcd. Thii point being gained, ftic did not f»il to 
 fake advantage of it, by riding out every morning ac- 
 companied hi one fervant only, which wm her lover « 
 companion, he having been prevloufly pitched upon 
 always to attend her by her own contrivance. 
 
 Matter* being ihu» prepared, (he one day rode out ai 
 ufiial, when her attendant conduced her to hi* friend, 
 vho waited at the fca lide to receive her. They all 
 three immediately entered a boat, and foon reached a 
 Ihip that lay at foinc diftancc ready to receive thcni on 
 board ; and Mathin, having the objcCl of his wilhea 
 on board, immediately, » ith the alTillancc of hii nlFo- 
 ciatcs, ftt fail, intending to proceed to France ; but 
 all on board being ignorant of maritime affairs, and the 
 wind blowing a hard gale, they miflcd their port, nnd 
 the next morning, to their aftoniflunent, found thern- 
 ftlves driven into the main ocean. In this miferabic 
 condition, they abandoned themfclves to dcfpair, and 
 committed their fates to the mercy of the waves. 
 Without a pilot, almoft deftitute of provifions, and 
 quite dcvoiiT of hope, they were toflcd about for the 
 (pace of thirteen days. At length, when the morning 
 of thel'ounccnth dav began to dawn, they fancied they 
 could dtfcry fomcthing very near them, that had the 
 appearance of land ; and when the fun rofe, to their 
 great joy they could diftindly perceive it was fuch. 
 Their plcafurc, however, was in lome mcafurc leflcncd 
 by the reHevition, that it was a ftrangc country i for they 
 plainly perceived it was covered with a variety of trees, 
 whofe nature and appearance they had not the Icaft 
 knitwiedgc of. Soon after this, foinc of them landed 
 from the (loop, in order to make their obfervations on 
 the country j when, returning foon after to the Ihip, 
 they highly commended the place, but at the fame 
 time Inlievcd there were no inhabiunts in it. 
 
 The lover and hismiftrcfs, with fomc of his friends, 
 then landed, leaving the reft to take care of the Ibip. 
 The country appeared beautifully divcrfiHcd with hills 
 and dales, (liaded with various trees, and watered by 
 many clear mcandring ftreams. The moft beautiful 
 birds of different fpecics perched upon their heads, 
 arms, and hands, unapprencnfivc of danger ; and fc- 
 veral kinds of wild beafts approached, without offer- 
 ing any violence to them. After having penetrated 
 through fcveral woody rcceffes, they entered a fine 
 meadow admirably incirded with a border of laurels, 
 finely enamelled with various flowers, and happily wa- 
 tered w ith a mcandring cryftal rivulet. Upon an emi- 
 nence in the midft of this mcadcw, they faw a lofty 
 Ipreading tree, the beauty of which lr'v»:;d them to 
 rcfx)fe under its (bade, and partake of the fhclfer it 
 would afford them from the piercing rays of the fun. 
 They at length attempted to make a temporary f-eli- 
 dcncc beneath this tree ; and, providing themfelvcs with 
 boughs from the neighbouring woods, they built fcveral 
 fmall huts, or arbours. They paffed their time very 
 agreeably in this place, from whence they made fre- 
 quent excurftons into the neighbouring country, yd- 
 mirlng its ftrange produdinns and various beauties. 
 Their happinefs, however, was of no very long conti- 
 nuance ; for one night a terrible ftonn arofc from the 
 K. E. which tore the ihip from her anchor, and drove 
 her to fca. The crew were obliged to fubmit to the 
 mercy of the elements, when they were driven to the 
 coaft of Morocco, where the Ihip being ftranded, the 
 whole crew was made captives by the Moon. 
 
 Machin and his companions, having milled the fhip 
 the next morning, they concluded the had foundered, 
 'and was gone to the bottom. This new calamity 
 plunged tnem into the deepeft melancholy, and fo greatly 
 affctiled the lady, that Hie could not fupport herfclf 
 under it. She had indeed before continually fed her 
 ^ricf, by fad prefcgea qf the enterprise's ending in Ibmc 
 
 fatal cataftrophe to all concerned i ''Ut the thoc-k nl'ih^ 
 late dii'aftcr (Iruik hci'dumbi fo that the expired in 
 three days afterwards, in the nu»ft hitter agonies. The 
 death of'^the lady attocU-d Ma( bin to fuch a drgiee, that 
 he furvivcd her but four days, notwiihllandtng the tif 
 moft endeavours of his companions to afford him coii- 
 folation. Previous to his death, he btpgtvl tl'cm to 
 place his body in the fame grave with ncr'!t, whiili 
 they had made at the foot of an altar, creeled under (Iv 
 beautiful lofty tree before-mentioncd. They after- 
 wards placed upon it a large wooden crofs t and near 
 that an infcription, drawn up by Machin hunfc-lf, con- 
 ' taininga fuccindt accountof^thc whole adventure i and 
 concluded with a requeft, that If any Chriftians (iiould 
 come thitherto fettle, that they would build and dedi' 
 cate a ( hurch to Jcfus Chrift upon that fpot. The re- 
 maining companions of Machin, after his dv.ith, dc 
 tcrmincd to attempt returning to England in the floop, 
 which had been fo well fccurcd near the (hore, as not to 
 be in the Iraft damaged by the ftorm which had driven 
 away the ihip. Hut, happening to take the f^iinc courf<i 
 the others had been forced upon, they unfortunately 
 arrived in like manner upon fome part of the coaft of 
 Morocco, where they met with exadly the fame fate, 
 being feized in a fimilar manner, and carried to the 
 lame prifon. Here they met with fevcral other Chrif* 
 tian (laves, befides their own companions ; particularly 
 one John de Morales, a Spaniard of Seville. Thisman 
 was an excellent failor, and took n peculiar delight in 
 hearing the Knglifh captives rchcarfe their advennirca. 
 by w hich means he learnt the (ituation and particular 
 marks of this new difcovcrcd country, which he took 
 care to retain in his meinoiy. 
 
 In prpccfs of time, John I. king of Portugal, hav- 
 ing entered into a war with the Moors, paffed over into 
 Africa with a fomMdablc army i and in the year 141 j 
 laid iiege to and took Ccuta. In this expedition, he 
 was accompanied by his fons, one of whom, prince 
 Henry, took great delight in the ftudy of the mathe- 
 matics, particularly geography and navigation. Upon 
 this occafion, they had a great opportunity of conver- 
 ftng with the Moors and African Jews; and informing 
 himfelf, by their means, of the fituation of fevcrid 
 foreign countries, the feas about them, their coafts, 
 &c. Hence grew an infatiablc thirft for making new 
 conquells t and from this time he was determined to 
 devote his attention to the difcovery of unknown coun- 
 tries. Inconfequencc of which refulution, he retired, 
 after the redudion of Ceuta, to the Algarves, where he 
 found a new town within a league of Qpe St. Vincent, 
 ercded a fort to defend it, and determined to fend out 
 (hips from thence upon difcoveries. The pcrfon he in. 
 teiMcd to employ as chief commander, tipon thefe oc- 
 cafioni, was a gentleman of extraordinary abilities, 
 named Juan G infalvo Zarco, who became famous not 
 only for his mai 'time difcoveries, but for being the firft 
 peiilbn who introt^uced the ufe of artillery on board (liips. 
 In 1418 he difcovcrcd Puerto Santo, one of the Ma- 
 deiras; and in 1470 he paffed the ftreights, and fur- 
 vcyed a confiderabl • extent of the coaft of Africa. In 
 the mean time, a Spanifli prince dying, left by his 
 will a large fum of money for the purpofe of redeeming 
 Spanilh Chriftians, who were kept as (laves in Morocco. 
 Terms being agreed upon between the emperor of Mo- 
 rocco and the commilTioners, for the redemption of 
 thofe captives, a Spani(h (hip was fent to Morocco to 
 fetch home the redeemed Chriftians, among whom was 
 John de Morales before-mentioned. On the return of 
 this (hip to Spain, it happened to fall in with the fqua- 
 dron commanded by Juan Gonfalvo Zarco, who was, 
 as we havejuft noticed, then palling the ftraitsto make 
 obfervations on the coaft of Africa. Spain and Portu- 
 gal being at this time at war, Juan Gonfalvo Zarco 
 made prize of the Spanilh fliip ; but finding it con- 
 tained only redeemed captives, he was touched with 
 companion at themiferiea they had already fuffered du- 
 ring their (lavery, and generoufly difmiffcd them, ta- 
 king out only John de Morales, whom he found to be 
 a very intelligent perfon. an able failor. and an expert 
 pilot. 
 
 When 
 
 !t^ 
 
 
 'J- 
 
 ' '< I 
 
 
Ill Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I' I 
 
 r» \ ti 
 
 'Mil ^ 
 
 mi 
 
 Jli 
 
 When Moratci »■« informed of the rcafon of hii 
 detention, and the difcoveriei that the Pbrtuguefe were 
 upon, lie «VM miahtily rejoiced, and offered voluntarily 
 to enter into the lervice of prince Henry. He then told 
 the Pbrtuguefc comnunuer of the ifland which had 
 been lately difcovercd tw the Englifh. related the (\ory 
 of the two unfortunate loven, and everv other circuin- 
 Itance, which, during hia captivity, he hait heard from 
 Machin'i companion!, (jonfalvo woi fo ilvlightcd with 
 hi* relation, that he tacked about, and returned to the 
 new town which prince Henry had built, railed Terra 
 NaSal. On his arriv.il, he introduced Morales to the 
 prince, when tht' S|uniard asain repeated all chat ho 
 nad before told to Juan Gonfalvo. The prince thought 
 rhit worthy of becoming a national altair i and there- 
 fore, communicating the whole to the king his father, 
 and the Portugucfe miniftry, they deterrained to pur- 
 fue the difcoveryt and for that purpofe httcd out a 
 good Ihip, well manned and provided, and a (loop to 
 
 Swith oan, when ocaiion reuuired : and Juan Gon- 
 vo was appomtcd to the whole command. Some 
 Portumiefe, on the difcovcry of Puerto Santo a ftiort 
 time before, had been Icit by Gonfalvo on that ifland t 
 and judging by the account of Morales, concerning the 
 (ituntion ofthe ifland they were in queft of, that it could 
 not be far from Puerto Santo, he dercrniined to fail 
 thither t where when he arrived, the I'ortuguefe 
 whom he had left behind, informed him, that they iud 
 oMcrved to the north-eafl a thick impencti-able dark- 
 neii, which conlUiitly hung upon the lea, and ex- 
 tended itfelf upward to the heavens. That they never 
 knew it to be diminifhed » but a ftrange noife. which 
 they could not account for, was often heard from 
 thence. 
 
 John de Morales appeared to be convinced that this 
 was the ifland they were in fcarch of j and Juan Gon- 
 falvo was inclined to coincide with him i but all the 
 rcfl were terrified at the accounts they had heard. Ic 
 was therefore concluded to remain at Puerto Santo till 
 the change ofthe moon, to fee what ertecJl that would 
 have upon the Ihadc, or whether the noifc would ceafe. 
 But perceiving no alteration of any kind, the panic in- 
 creafcd among the generality of the adventurers 
 Morales, however, ftood firm to hi* opinion of that 
 bcinn the ifland they were looking tor ; and very fcn- 
 libly obferved, that, according to the accounts he had 
 nxcived from the Englilb, the ground waj covered over 
 V ith lofty fhady trees j it waa no wonder, therefore, that 
 it fliould be exceeding damp, and that the humiJ va- 
 ivjiirs might exhale from it by the power of the fun, 
 which, ^reading themfclvcs to the fky, occafioned 
 the dark cloud* they faw; and with rcfpedt to the 
 noifc, that might he occafioned by certain currents 
 dalhing againff the rocks on the coafl of the ifland. 
 
 Notwithftanding thefe obflacles, Juan Gonfalvo de- 
 termined to proceed i and, fctting fail the next day, he 
 at length made land ; and the fear of thofc who had been 
 all along terrified, now vanifhed. The firft ooint they 
 faw, they named St. Lawrence's Point : doubling this, 
 they found to the fouthward, riling land, whither 
 Morales and others were fent in a floop to reconnoitre 
 thecoaft; and came toa bay whichfeeracd to anfwer 
 the defcription given by the Englifh. Here they land- 
 ed ; and finding the crofi aid infcription over the 
 grave ofthe two lover*, they returned to Juan Gonfalvo 
 with an account of their fuccefs i whereupon he im- 
 mediately landed, and took pofTefTion of the place, in 
 the name of Johnl. king of Rortugal, and prince Henry 
 hi* fon. Having built an altai near the grave, they 
 learchcd about the ifland, in order to difcoverif it con- 
 tained any cattle ; but not finding any, they coaf\ed 
 wcflward, till they came to a place where four fine 
 rivers ran into the fea, of the water* of which Juan 
 Cionfalvo filled fome bottles, to carry as a prefcnt to 
 prince Henrj'. Proceediiw fiirther, they came to a fine 
 valley, which wa« intcrfedtd by a beautiful river, and 
 after that to a pleafant fpot covered with trees, fome of 
 •which being fallen down, Juan Gonfalvo ordered a 
 crofs tobe ereded of the timber, and called the place 
 ;S.".nta Cruz, or Holy Crofs. After tbiv they he^gxa to 
 3 
 
 look out for a place proper to fix their refidence in 
 while they flayed : and at length (bund a fine trad of 
 land, not fo wvxidy as the rcf* of the countryi but co- 
 vered over with fennel, which, in the Portuguefe lan- 
 guage, is called Funchoi from thence the town of Fon- 
 chaf, or Funchiale, took its name, which was aflerwardt 
 built on the fame fpot. 
 
 Juan Gonfalvo, after having viewed other parts of the 
 ifland, and finding daily caufe for new admiration of 
 the beauties continually difcovercd, returned to Portu- 
 gal, and arrived at Lifbon in the end of Augiill 1430, 
 without having \<A\ a fingle man in the whole enter- 
 priie : and a day of audience being appointed for him 
 to make his report of his voyage, the king gave the 
 name of Madeira to the new difcovered ifland, on ac- 
 count of the great quantity of excellent wood found 
 upon it. Soon after an order was made for Juan Gon- 
 falvo to return to Madeira in the enfuing fpiing, with 
 the title of captain-governor of Madeira, to which title 
 the heir of his family at prefent adds that of count. He 
 accordingly fct tail on nisfccond vovagc in May 14II, 
 taking with him the greatcft part of his family, and ar- 
 riving at Madeira he call anchor in the road, till then 
 called the Englilh Port 1 but Gonfalvo, in honour of the 
 firfVdifcoverer, then called it Puerto dc Macliino, from 
 which name it was corrupted to Machico, which it now 
 bears. He then ordered the large fprcading bcautifiil 
 tree before-mentioncd (under which Machm and his 
 companions had taken up their refidence) to be cue 
 down, and a fmall church to be ereited with the tim- 
 berj which, agreeable to Machin's requeft, he dedi. 
 catcd to Jefus Chrifl, and interfedUd the pavement of 
 the choir with the bone* of the two unfortunate lovers. 
 He foon after laid the fouudation of the town of 
 Funchal, which afterwards became famous i and the 
 altar of the new wooden church was dedicated to 
 .St. Catharine, by hi* wife Confiantia, who was with 
 him. 
 
 John I. king of Portugal, dying, his cidcfl fon and 
 fuccelfor Duarte, in conlideration of the great fums of 
 money expended in peopling this ifland, by prince 
 Hcnrv his brother, gave him the revenues of it for life. 
 He hiccwife gave the fpiritualities of ii tj the order of 
 Chrifl, which cndowntcnt Alonza XV. aftcrw-uds con- 
 firmed. 
 
 The ifland of Madeira, properly fo called, is com- 
 pofcd of one continued hill of a wonderful height, ex- 
 tending from eafl to well : the declivity of which, on 
 the fouth fide, is cultivated and interfpcrfcd with vine- 
 yards i and in the mi Jft of this flopc, the mcrchanta 
 have fixed their country -feats, which help to rtiulcr the 
 profpedt very agreeable. The air is more moik rate than 
 that in the Canary Iflands, and the foil more fertile in 
 corn, wine, fugar, and fruits. Fine fprings abound almofl 
 in every parr, befides which there are eight good rivers. 
 The great plenty of water firfl fuggeficd the hint to 
 
 firincc Henry of fending fugar canes to Madeira from 
 taly, which greatly improved through the increafc of 
 heat, and produced more than in their native foil. 
 
 lliit ifland affords plenty of citrons, bananas, peaches^ 
 apricots, plumbs, cherries, figs and walnuti; with 
 oranges of^ all forts, and lemons of a prodigious fize. 
 Fruit-trees from Europe thrive here in pcrfevltion ; and 
 the natives are faid to make the befl fvveatmcats of 
 an/ in the world, and particularly greatly excel in pre- 
 fcrving citrons and oranges, and in making marmalade 
 and perfumed pafles, which greatly excel ihofe of Ge- 
 noa. The fugar made here is very fine, and has the 
 fmell of violets \ this, indeed, is laid tu be the tii (I 
 place in the Well where this manufaifhire was fct on foot, 
 and from thence was carried to America : but afterwarda 
 the fugar-plantations at Brazil profpering extremely, 
 the greateft part of the fugar-canea in this ifland were 
 pulled up, and vineyards planted in their Head, that 
 produce excellent wines, which, the author of Lord 
 Anfon's voyage pbferves, fecms to be defigned by Pro* 
 vtdence to cMiilerate and comfort the inhabitants ofthe 
 torrid zone. The cedar-tree here is very ftralt, tall, 
 and thick, and has a rich fcent. The wood oi th« 
 naflb tree is of a rr> rofe colou|-: here ateaUbdie niaflic 
 
 an4 
 
CC#01 t S R('ON f i VOY AG B—for making Dijitvtriti in th« Stuth Stmi fc Round th« IfVA/. 1 1 j 
 
 is com* 
 eight, cx- 
 wnich, on 
 ith vinc- 
 incrchants 
 ntlcr the 
 rate than 
 fertile in 
 ndalmod 
 ood rivers, 
 hint to 
 leira from 
 incrcafc of 
 
 foil. 
 I, pcachcs». 
 Its ; with 
 ions (vLC. 
 :tion : and 
 tmeats of 
 eel in pre- 
 narmaladc 
 •fc of Ge- 
 ld has the 
 the fiift 
 feton foot, 
 •fterwai-dft 
 extremely. 
 Hand were 
 :cad, that 
 of Lord 
 by Pro, 
 [ants of the 
 trait, tall, 
 __ of th« 
 dbe nu(li« 
 an4 
 
 and n'liii-iU igoi' tiwi i and bWWtrs iiuit-trcc* rheic yn I 
 
 • variety of ■•»>■,: urn, which are common btJth to 
 Furo^ and Afru.t. The evertallinft-Howcr it a (treat 
 curioCity i for when It » uluckcd it caimot \k perceived 
 to fiide I it Rfowa like hmc, flawem like camonille, and 
 always appcan frcfli and bbpr^inv. Vinca atr in 
 abundance I and from the gra^M's which they produce 
 
 • vi^ quarwity of the nwft tkliikHu winei arc made. 
 Indeed tlw foil i« To well adapted tor the cultivation of 
 vinei, that the ffrapc* exceed the leaves in number, and 
 fome of the bunches are futcrn jt eighteen inches in 
 length. Here are fevcral forts of thel'e wine* ; one is 
 pf the colour of champagne, but is not much valued: 
 another fort is a white wine, much Dronger than the 
 former. A third fort is excellent, and refcinble» malm- 
 fy, it beinu of the fame nature with that which grows 
 in TcncrilF : and another rcfembles Alicaiu wine, but 
 is much inferior to it in talte, and is never drank alone, 
 but mixed with the other forts, to which it gives a 
 colour and llrangth to keep. It is obfervabic nf the 
 Madeira wiiils, that they are greatly improved by the 
 heat of the fun, when cxpoTed to it in the barrel, after 
 the bung is taken out. In the whole iflaml they an. 
 nuallv make about twenty-eight thoufand pipes, eight 
 thoufand of which are drank there, and the rel> export- 
 ed, the greateil part being fent to the Weft-lndic». 
 The wines that arc liraugnt direClly to tjigland, are 
 not equal in goodnefs to uich as are firft carried to the 
 \Veft'lBdicsi and thei/ Havour is exceedingly hcieh 
 encd, if they remain fmne time in Barbaaacs. Tlv 
 praduift ai each vineyard is ufually divided cqua!i) 
 between the proprietor, and the pcrfon who gathert 
 and prcfl'cs tne grapes ; it commonly happens, how. 
 ever, that while mt merchant is rich, the gatherer is poor. 
 The people here trade among themfclves, or barter. 
 
 . The principal town in the whole ifland is Fonchal, or 
 Funchiale, and is fcated in the fouth part of the 
 ifland at the bottom of a large bay, in bititudc 31 de^. 
 33 min. ')4 fee. N. and in 1 7 dcg. 1 3 min. W. longi- 
 tude. We deduced the longitude from lunar obfcrva- 
 tions, and Mr. Wales reduced the fame for the town by 
 Mr. Kendal's watch, which makes the kMgitude of 
 Fimchiale, 17 deg. 10 min. 14 fee. W. Towaida the 
 fca it is fonilicd by a high wall, with a battery of can. 
 non, betides a ca<tlc on the Loo, which is a rock 
 fianding in the water at a fninll diftance from the 
 flwrc. lliis town it the only place of trade, and indeed 
 the only place where it is pollible for a hoK to land : 
 and even here the beach is covered with huge ftonet, 
 and a violent furf continually beats upon it. The only 
 good time for landing is before the fea^rceze comes 
 on. The town is very populous, but the majority of 
 the inhabitants are not natural-bom Portugueu; ; for a 
 BTcat nuiiiber of I'Jifflifh and French Roman catholics 
 fettled thcK, «h« W after the Ponn^fe manner > 
 fome Englith proteftants, and a prodigious num^vr of 
 negroes and mulattoes, both freemen and flaves. ''."■■". 
 ftrocts arc ftraight. and drawn by a line, anu . / 
 fcoufes are puBtty well built 1 their ohurch« are well- 
 built beautiful Urudures, enriched with gilding, fine 
 pi<3ures, and plate, and people arefaid to mert m (hem 
 ■pan buiincfs that has little relation to dc^ . .«n. 
 
 Thofc women who have no domefVir ■ .tipeU, never 
 {»» church bat on Sundays md ol.days; when, if 
 inerc be teveral daughters, they walk two and two 
 before the mother, each having a large thin vail over 
 her face ; butsheir biwft, and ihoulden vHt quite b«re. 
 ^ their tide walks » venerable old man, Wifh a flrinc| 
 ofheada in hiii hand, tind anMd with afword and dM- 
 ger. Thia town is the 'fee of a bithop, ,who hu the 
 wholcjnandimderhisfpiriti»liorifdi^ion.and iafiif- 
 fragan to the artlhblihop df iLilbon. The covtrtvr of 
 the iOand sNb ralides here. 
 
 In the Uand are two other towns 1 one called Man- 
 •5*"' *hfcii has a church named Santa C™«, or the 
 >Mf CroA, and a convent of Bemardine-frian 1 the 
 o*er town 11 named Moncertto. In fhort, the iOimd 
 toly cemainedthirty-flx parithtt. a eollege, and a mo- 
 awcry of jefuiia, Ave other rooitafterica, eighty-two 
 • No. tj. ..-^.. .• 1 ,-. 
 
 hcmiitaccs, and five hoTpitals. There are feveral fine 
 feaia and callles about the country, in which the mer> 
 chants chicAy rtlide. 
 
 The ordinary fond of the poorer people, in the time 
 of vintage, is little rife than bread ami rich grapes 1 and 
 were it not for their abftcmiiHirnrfs. fever* in the hot 
 feafons would be frequent 1 hrrcfnre even the rich, in 
 the hot months, are very ninderate in their diet and 
 drinking. Ilie generality of the people »9iei\ great 
 
 gravity in their deportment, and ufually drefs in bbck 1 
 •It they cannot difpenfe with the fpado ami (higgcr, 
 which even fervants wear 1 fo that yiMi may fee a fimt- 
 inan waiting at table with a fvord ni leaf) a yard 
 long, and a arrat balkct hilt to it. The houfes iit 
 geiK-ral are plain, as the inhabitants put themfilvrs at 
 no great expence in ftimilliing them. The windows 
 arc I'ecured by wooden lliutters nt night, and inOcad of 
 beiiij; (I'.lnxed, are latticed. With rcfpeCt to their piar- 
 riai^ci, arteClion is never conlidered, the principal en- 
 quities are into family deftent and circumftaarcs 1 the 
 women arc pnihibitcd from marrying Englillimcn. nr- 
 lefs the latter confcnt to einbrare the Roma;i cathtlic 
 religion. Murders are very frequent, on account of 
 the great numbers of places deemed fan«ihiarics, and 
 the cafe with which a murderer can thereby fcrecnhim- 
 felf from julHcc. But if the criminal is taken before 
 he can reach the fanrtuaiy, the puniHiment is only 
 either baiiirtiinci.i or iinprifonmcnt, both which, by a 
 pecuniary comp' .cion, may be evaded. 
 
 Here arc a grc .t number of clergy, who arc gcnerali)r 
 ri< h; but nine who arc defccnded from Moors or Jew* 
 are arJmitt.;'' to take orders. The churches are made 
 rcf. 'itorie for the dead, and the corpfe is curioufly 
 drcfTcd and adorned: yet in i» interment, (\oreof lime 
 is ufed, i order tc mfunir the body as fpccdily at 
 pofFble, which ufu ' ' happens in a fortnight 1 fo that 
 there is then ro«"" .,» anotner corpfc. The bodies of 
 protcftanti are it allowed to be nuricd, but mutt be 
 throw intr the tea 1 neverth' '"■ they are oermitted to 
 be int nt '. .n confecrated grc/.. .'., providcti a handfome 
 (urn "f m< "ly is paid to the clergy. 
 
 Pii.-rto Santo is generally tenricd one r ' &.. Madeirik 
 idands, and lies to the north-eaft of Miu .i.iv, jn 3i 
 dcg. 30 min. N. latitude, and in 16 deg. 5 min. W^ 
 longitude from London, and is only about 1 j miles in 
 circumference. It was difcovered in the year 141 2, b» 
 two Pbrtuguefe gentlemen, one of whom was Eton Juan 
 Gonft"' >>, fent by prince Henry, fon to John I. king of 
 Portugal, to double Cape Bajador, in order to mako 
 farther difcoveries i but being furprifcd by a violent 
 ftorm, were driven out to lea, and, when they gave 
 themfelves over for loll, had the happinefs to find thia 
 idand, which proving a fafe afylum to them, they called, 
 it Puerto Santo, or the Holy Port. 
 
 This ifland produces wheat and other com, juft fulfil 
 cient for the lupport of the inhabitants : here aHb are 
 plenty of oxen, wild hogs, and a vatl number of rabbits. 
 There arc trees which produce the gum called dragon's 
 blood, and likewifc a little honey and wax, which arc 
 extremely good. It has properly no harbour, but thc^ 
 is good mooring in the road, which affords a convenient 
 retreat for (hips going to Africa, or coming from the 
 Indies 1 fo that merchantmen often ftop there, which 
 affords confiderable profit .to the inhabitants, %ha arc 
 defcended from the Portuguefe, to whqm the ifland 
 is fut^edi. The inhabitants are all Roman cathoiicks, 
 'being under the fpiritual jurifdiiftion ocf the biffiop of 
 ^mami in Madeira. They would live a very quiet 
 
 ■ life, were' it not for the pirates, who often pay mem 
 troublefome vifits. In the year 161 7, they landed here, 
 and carried off fix hundred and fixty-three prifonen, 
 befides plundering the place. 
 
 There is a little ifland called the De&rt, which t«p9. 
 ducea only orchilla-weed, and fonve goats are on 
 lies on the eaft-fide of Madeira, at about fix lea^,.. s 
 difhuice. 
 
 On Saturday the ift of AugulV, havjng (lowed on. 
 
 board a fupply of water, wine, and othef necetTaries, 
 
 we fet fail, ioH fight of Madeira, and flood to the 
 
 3 F fouthwart). 
 
 m 
 
 ■\'k 
 
 ' 
 
Il* 
 
 Capt. COOK 'a VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i; 1 1 
 
 fouthward, with a gentle gale at N. E. On Tucrday 
 the 4th, we faw the pleafant ifland of Palma, bearing 
 S. S. W. diftant about three or fbUr leagues. Thii it 
 one of the Canary iflea. It may be feeh, on account of 
 its height, twelve or fourteen leagues at fea, and lies in 
 latituM 38deg. i8 min. N. and in 17 deg. 58 min. W. 
 longitude. (^ WcdncTday, the 5th, we paflcd the ille 
 of Ferro, at the diftance of fourteen leagues. 
 
 The ifland of Palma lies about fifty miles to the W. 
 of Tencriffe, and two hundred W. of the continent of 
 Africa. It is about thirty miles long, twenty broad, 
 and feventy is ciicuit. On the N. E. part of the ifland, 
 within land, is a high and fpacious mountain, deep on 
 all fides. This is called La Caldera, or the cauldron, 
 from a hollow like that on the pike of Tencriffe. The 
 fummit is about two leagues in circumference, and on 
 the infidc the cauldron dcfcends gradually from thence 
 to the bottom, which is a fuace of about thirty acres. 
 On the declivity of the infidc fpring fcvcral rivulets, 
 which joining together at the bottom, ifTucin one dream 
 through a pafl*age to the outfide of the mountain from 
 which this brook defccnds ; and having run fomc dif- 
 tancc from thence, turns two fugar-mills. The water 
 of this ftream is unwholefomc, on account of its being 
 mixed with fome water of a pernicious quality in the 
 cauldron ; all .the infide of which abounds with her- 
 bage, and is covered with palms, pitch-pine, laurel, 
 lignum-rhodium, andrctamas; which laflhave in this 
 ifknd a yellow bark, and grow to the fizc of large trees ; 
 but in the others they are only flirubs. The people here 
 take great care not to let the he-goats feed on the leaves 
 of the rctama, on account of their b<^cding a Oonc in 
 the bladder, which is mortal. Two rivulets fpring on 
 the outfide of the cauldron ; one of thefe runs nonh- 
 ward to the village of St. Andrew, and turns two fu- 
 gar-mills, and the other runt to the town of Palmas, 
 which lies to the eaftward. Thefe arc the only rivu- 
 lets or dream« of any confequenre in the ifland : on 
 which account the natives build tanks, or fquare refer- 
 voirs with planks of pitch-pine, which they make tight 
 with caulking. Thefe they fill with the torrents of 
 rain-water that in the winter feafon rufli down from the 
 mounuins, and preferve it for thcmfclves and cattle: 
 but the flieep, goats, and h(»t, in places at a diflance 
 from the rivulets, feed almolt all the year round on the 
 roots of fern and afphodil, and therefore have little or 
 no need of water, there bemg moiflure enough in thofe 
 roots to fupply the want of that element. "Hiough the 
 Ibuth quarter of the ifland is moll deftitute of water, 
 yet there is a medicinal well of hot water fo clofc to the 
 fca-fliorc, that the tide flows into it at full fea. 
 
 At Uguer is a cave, that has a long narrow entrance, 
 fo tlraignt that people pafs through it backwards, with 
 their face to the moutn of the cave ; but after they 
 have got through this paflage, thev enter a fpacious 
 grotto, where water diflils from octween the laige 
 Hakes of flate ftones that hang from the roof: the 
 lead blow given to thefe, refoundt with a noife like 
 thunder through the cave. In the diftricfl of Tifuya is 
 a mountain, wnich appears to have been removed by an 
 earthquake from iu original fituation. The natives 
 have a tradition, that the loot on which it now (lands 
 was a plain, and the molt fertile fpot in the whole 
 ifland, till it was deflroyed bv the burning lava/ and 
 the fall of the mounuin. Indeed, the cflTeds of vol- 
 canos arc to be feen in almod every part of the ifland t 
 for the channels where the burning matter, melted ores, 
 and calcined ftones and aflics ran, may be cafily dif- 
 tinguiflied by a curious obferver. Nunno de Pcnna, in 
 his Hiftorical Memoirs, relaus, that on the 13th of 
 November xf>^^, a little after fun-fct, the earth fhook 
 for thirteen leamies with a dreadful noifc, that conti- 
 nued five days, during which it opened in fcvcral places ; 
 but the greatcftgap was upon the mountain of ta Cal- Q 
 dcra, a mile and a half from the fea, from whence pro- 
 ceeded aercat fire, which cafl up (tones and pieces of 
 rock. Tne like happened in feveral places thcitabouu, 
 and 'in Icfs than a quarter of an hour were twenty- 
 right gaiM about the foot of the mounuin, which caft 
 forth abundance of flames and burning ftones. The 
 
 fame perfon adds, that on the 10th of November fol- 
 lowing, there was a fecond eruption of the fame mount, 
 from whence came forth ftones and fire, with great 
 earthquakes and thunders for feveral days, fo that black 
 cinders were taken up at fcven leasues diftance : the 
 adjacent ground was entirely wafted, and the inhabi- 
 tants forced to quit their dwellings. The lafl volcano 
 that happened in this ifland wu in 1750, when one of 
 thefe rivers of fire ran, with great rapidity, from the 
 mounuins towards the town of Pklmas, and difcharged 
 itfelf about a mile to the northward of the town, out 
 we have not learnt that any confiderable eruption hath 
 happened fince that time. < 
 
 If we take a view of Palma at the diftance of three 
 leagues oHT at fea, the mountains feem full of gutters 
 or beds formed by torrents of rain water ; but thefe 
 only appear little from their height and diftance ; for 
 we find them to be large vallies, abounding with woods, 
 on a nearer approach. In many places on the Ihoreof 
 this and the other iflands, is found the black (hining 
 fand ufcd to throw upon writing, to prevent its blotting. 
 It appears to have been caft out of volcanos, for the 
 load hone, when held near it, will draw up every grain 
 of it. 
 
 The air, weather, and winds arc nearly the fame as 
 at Teneriff and Canaria, except that the wefterly winds 
 and rain arc more frequent at Palma, on account of 
 its lying more to the weftward and northward, and on 
 that account is not fo far within the verge of the N. 
 E. trade winds as thofe iflands > whence it is particu- 
 larly expofcd to the S. wind, which moftly prevails in 
 the latitudes adjacent to thofe of the N. E. trade-windv 
 as well as to variable winds from other quarters. 
 
 The climate here, and in Tenerifl!e, Canaria, and 
 Goincra, differs greatly, according as a perfon lives in 
 the mountains, or near the fea flwrc. Ehiring a calm, 
 the heat feems almoft intolerable near the fhorc, in the 
 months of July, Auguft and September ; but the air 
 is at the fame time quite frefh and pleafant on the 
 mounuins. In the middle of winter the houfea upon 
 thefe, fomc of which are near the ckiuds, muft be cx> 
 tremely cold, and the natives keep fires burning ia 
 their habiutions all day long 1 but this is far from be- 
 ing the cafe near the fea, where "Sey ufe fires only in 
 their kitchens. The fummiu of all the Canary ifles, 
 except Lancerou and Fuerteventura, are generally co< 
 vered with fnow for eight months in the year. The 
 fummit of Palma formerly abounded with trees, buts 
 great drought in 1 54$ deftroyed them all ; and though 
 others began to fpring up fome time after, they were 
 deftroyed by the rabbits and other animals, which find- 
 ing no pafture below, went up there, and deftroyed all 
 the young fhrubs and trees, lb that the upper part of 
 the ifland is at prefent quite bare and dcfolate. Before 
 the trees and fhrubs were deftroyed, a great deal of 
 manna fell there, which the natives gathered and fenc 
 to Spain. The rabbits were firft brought to Palma by 
 Don Pedro Fernandez de Lago, the Icvned lieutenant- 
 general of Tencriffe, and have fincc encreafcd in a fur- 
 prifing manner. 
 
 Pahna affords nearly the fame produdiont as Ca- 
 naria, but a great quantity of fugar is made here, par- 
 ticularly on the S. W. fide of the ifland. The princi- 
 pal port is called by the fame name, and is fituatcd on 
 the routh fide of the ifland. The road is about a quar- 
 ter of a mile from the fhore, where veflels generally 
 ride in fifteen or twenty fathoms water s and with good 
 anchors and cables, notwithfbnding the cafteriy winds, 
 tlicy may ride with great fafetv in all the winds that 
 blow in this part of the world. The town is large, 
 containing two parifh churches, feveral convenu, with 
 many private building], though they arc neither fa 
 good nor fo large as thofe in the city of Palnus in Ca- 
 naria, or of the towns in TenerilTe. Near the mde ia 
 a caftle or battrry, mounted with fome pieces of can* 
 non, for the defence of the fliips in the bay, and to pre-J 
 vent the landins of ati enemy. There are no other 
 townsof notein Talmai but many villages, the chief 
 of which is called St. Andrew, where uicre are four 
 engines for the nuking of fugar; but the laQd hcre- 
 
 abouik 
 
Mtadki 
 
 COOK'S SECOND VOYAOE-*for fnaking biJMirki in the Stuth Seas & Round the fTor/Ji 1 1 5 
 
 abouU is very poor, (a that the inhabiunts are run>l>ctl 
 from the idand of TpnciiiTt w'.th grain and other rte- 
 ccflary articles. 
 
 For the amufement of uninformed reac«rs, wethall 
 here add an account of the ifland of Ferroi and alfo a 
 particulardefcription of theprefent natives of the iflanda 
 of Canaria, TcnerifTc, Pialma. Gomera. andFerro; their 
 pcrfons. habit, diet, buildings, manners, cuHoms, &c. 
 
 The Spaniards call the ifland of Fcrro, Hierro, and 
 the French the ifle de Fer, or the ifland of Iron : it is 
 the mod weflcrly of all the Canaries, and is about 
 thirty miles loim, fifteen broad, and fcventy-fivc in 
 circumference. The French navi^tors formerly placed 
 in the center of this ifland their firft meridian for 
 reckoning the longitude, as the Dutch did theirs at the 
 pike of Tcncrifte ; but at prefent moft geographers 
 reckon their fird meridian from the capital of their 
 own country, as the Englilh from London, the French 
 from Paris, &c. It bcmg more convenient, and con« 
 veying a more diftindt idea to fay. that fuch a place 
 is fo many leagues diflant E. or W. from the capital 
 of his own country, than to reckon the longitude from 
 a diftant land. 
 
 This ifland of Fcrro rifcs on all fides ftccp and craggy 
 from the fca-ftjore above a league, fo as to render the 
 afcent extremely difficult and fatiguing ; but after tra- 
 velling thus far, the reft of the ifland will be found to 
 be tolerably level and fruitful, abounding with many 
 kinds of trees and (hrubs, and producing better grafs, 
 herbs, and flowers, than any of the other iflands, whence 
 bees thrive and multiply here in a very extraordinary 
 manner, and excellent honey is made by them. There 
 arc but few fpringo in the whole ifland ; and on account 
 of the fcarcity of water, the (Iieep, goats, and fwine, 
 do not drink in fummer, but quench their thirfc at that 
 feafon, by digging up and chewing the rrou of fern. 
 The great cattle are watered at a place where water 
 diftils from the leaves of a tree. Many authors have 
 made mention of this tree, fome of whom reprefent it 
 as miraculous ; while others deny its very exiftence : 
 but the author of the hiftorv of the Difcovcry and 
 Conqueft of the Canary Iflands, gives a particular ac< 
 count of it, which we fluU here infert for the fadsfac- 
 tion of the curious. 
 
 In the cliff or flcep rocky afcent by which the whole 
 ifland is furrounded, is a narrow gutter which com- 
 mences at the fea, and is continued to the fummitof the 
 clilf, where it joins, or coincides, with a valley termi- 
 nated by the ftecp front of a rock, on the top of which 
 grows a tree called in the language of the anticnt inha- 
 bitants garie, or facred, which for nuiny years has been 
 Srefeived entire, found, and frefh. Its leaves con- 
 antly diftil fo great a quantity of water, that it is fuf- 
 ficicnt to furntfh drink to every living creature in 
 Hierro, nature having provided this remedy for the 
 drought of the ifland. It is diRind from other trees, 
 and ftands by itfelf : iu trunk is about twelve fpans in 
 circumference ; its height from the ground to the top 
 of the higheft branch is forty fpans, and the circum- 
 ference ot all the branches t<^ether is one hundred 
 and twenty feet. The branches are thick and extend- 
 ed, and the loweft begin about the height of an eU from 
 die eround. Its fruit refembles an aconi, but taftes 
 like the kernel of a pine apple, only it is Ibfter, and 
 niore aromatic ; and the leaves refemUe thoTe of the 
 laurel, but are larger, wider, and more curved. Thefe 
 come forth in a perpetual fucceflion, whence the tree 
 always remains green. Near it grows a thorn, which 
 fallens on man)r of in branches, with which it is in- 
 terwoven, and Ibme beech trees, brefos. and thorns, 
 are at a fmall diflancc from it. On the north fid« of 
 the trunk are two large tanks or ciftems of rou^ ftone, 
 or rather one ciftcm divided ; each half beiiw twenty 
 feet fquare, and fixtecn fpans deep. One of thefe con- 
 uins water for the drinking ot the inhabitauu, and 
 the other that which they ufe for their cattle, wafliinK. 
 and the like purpoTes.' 
 
 A cloud or mift riib from the fea every morning, 
 which the fouth and callcriy winds force againft the 
 •bovc-mentioncd fteep cliff, when the cloud having 
 
 no vent but by the gutter, gradually afccnds it, and ad- 
 vances flowly from thence to the extremity of the val- 
 ley, and then refls upon the wide-fpreading branches of 
 the tree, from whence it diftils in drops during the re- 
 mainder of the day, in the fame manner as w »:cr drips 
 from the leaves of^ trees after a heavy fliowcr of rain. 
 This diftillation is not peculiar to the tree, for the 
 brefos which grow near it alfo drop water ; but their 
 leaves being only ttw and narrow, the quantity is fo 
 trifling, that though the natives fave fome of it, yet 
 they nuke little account of an^ but what diftils froni 
 the tree j which, together with the water of fome 
 fprings, is fufficient to ferve the natives and their cat.* 
 tie. It has been remarked, that this tree yields moft 
 water in thofe years when the cafterly winds have mofl 
 prevailed ; for by them alone the clouds or mifts are 
 drawn hither from the fea. A perfon lives near the 
 fpot on which the tree grows, who is appointed by 
 the council to take care of it and its water, and is al- 
 lowed a certain falary, with a houfc to live in. He 
 daily diftributes to each family of the diftrid feven 
 vefTels filled with water, bcfidcs what he gives to the 
 principal perfons of the ifland. 
 
 Mr. Glafs fays, he is unable to determine whether 
 the tree which yields water at prefent be the fame here 
 defcribed, but juftly obfervcs, that it is probable there 
 have been a fucceflion of them. He himfclf did not- 
 fee this tree, for this is the only ifland of all the Ca'- 
 naries which he did not vifit ; but he obkrvcs, that he 
 has failed with the natives of Hierro, who, when quef- 
 tioned about the exiftence of this tree, anfwcred in the 
 affirmative; and takes notice, that trees yielding wa- 
 ter are not peculiar to this ifland, fince one of the fame 
 kind in the ifland of Sc. Thomas, in the gulfof Guincy, 
 is mentioned by fome travellers. 
 
 By reafon of a fcarcity of water, the foil, in fome 
 parts of this ifland, is very barren ; but in others it is 
 fertile, and produces all the necclTary articles for the 
 fupport of the inhabitants. The fhcep, goats, and 
 hogs, that are brought up in thofe parts difiant from the 
 rivulets, feed almoft all the year round on the roots of 
 fern and afphodil, and therefore have little occafion for 
 water, as the want of that element is fupplied by the 
 great moifhire that is naturally in thofe roots. 
 
 There is only one finall town in this ifland, and the 
 moft diftinguilhed building in it is a parifli church. 
 Many fmallvillagcs are difperfed about the town, but 
 there are not any of them that deferve a particular de- 
 fcription. 
 
 Small cattle, brandy, honey, and orchilla weed, are 
 the chief articles of the trade carried on by the inhabi- 
 tants of this ifland. 
 
 As to the original natives of the ifland of Ferro, we 
 are told by travellers, that before it was rendered' fub- 
 jed to Spaiii they were of a middle ftature, and cloathed 
 with the fkint of^bcafts. The men wore a cloak of three 
 flieep-fkins fewed together, with the woolly fide out- 
 wards in fummer, and next their bodies in winter. 
 Tlie women alfo wore the fame kind of cloak, befidea 
 which thc^ had a petticoat, which reached down to the 
 middle of^ their legs. They fewed their fkins widi 
 thongs cut as fine as thread, and for needles ufed fmall 
 bones (harpencd. They wore nothing on their heads, 
 and their long hair was made up into a number of fmall 
 plaitt. They had Oioes nude of the raw fltint of fheep, 
 iMjgs, or goau. Thefe people had a grave turn of 
 mind, for all their longs were on ferioiis fubjeds, and 
 fet to flow i^intive tunes, to which they danced in a 
 rii^ joining hands, and lometimes jumping up in 
 
 Kirs, fo regularly that they feciiKd to be united; they 
 II piadife in Ferro this manner of dancing. Their * 
 dwellings confifted of circular inclofures, formed by a 
 fUme wSl without cement, each having one narrow en- 
 trance. On the infide they placed poles or fpars againft 
 the wall, one end rcfting on the top, and the other ex- 
 tending a coofiderable diftancc to the ground ; and 
 thefe they covered with fern, or blanches of trees. 
 Each of thefe inck>fuj-es contained about twenty fami- 
 lies. A bundle of fern, with goat-fltin fpread over it. 
 iecved thqn for a. bed, and for bcd-cloaths and covcr-r 
 
 ings 
 
 
 IV 
 
ii6 
 
 Cipt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 -t 
 
 
 im ^ 
 
 in^ they ufcd drcflcd seiaC flcini to keep them warm. 
 Bctore they offiercd the breaft to a new-born child, they 
 gave it fern roots roafted, bruifed, and mixed with but- 
 ter; andarprefcntthe^givethemflourand barley-meal 
 roailed, ana mixed with bniilcd chee(c. 
 
 The nativei ufiially bake the fleih of Ihcep, goats, 
 and hogsi and as they had no kind of grain, their bread 
 was made of fern roots, of which, with milk and but- 
 ler, the principal part of their diet was compofcd. 
 
 One king governed them all ; and having never any 
 occalion to go to war, had no warlike weapons: they 
 indeed carried long Ifaivcs i but thefe were only to aflift 
 them in travelling i for the country being fe rocky, as 
 to make it necefFary frequently to leap from one 
 ftone to another, this they performed by means of thefe 
 poles. 
 
 Polygamy was not allowed ; but they had no redric- 
 tions with refpeifl to their marriages, except a man's 
 not being allowed to marry his mother or Itdcri for 
 every man misht uke the woman he liked belt, and 
 whole confent nc could obtain, without the lead regard 
 to rank or nobility. Indeed all, except the king, were 
 in this rcfpcd tipon an equality: the only difhiK^n 
 amona them connftcd in the number of their ik>cks. It 
 was ufual for the man, when he chofe a wife, to make a 
 prefent of cattle to her father, according to his ability, 
 m return for the favour of letting him have his daugh- 
 ter. The king received no particular tribute from his 
 fubje<5iS| and every one made him a prefent of cattle; 
 for they were not obliged to give him any thing, but ac- 
 cording to their plcaforc or circumflances. At a fcaft, 
 they killed one or two fat lambs, accoiding to the num- 
 ber of their gucfts : thefe they placed in a veflcl on 
 the ground, fitting round it in a circle, and never rifing 
 till they had eaten the whole. Thefe feafts are flill 
 continued among their defccndants. If a perfon icll 
 lick, they rubbed his body all over with butcer and 
 (hcep's marrow, covering him well up to keep him warmi 
 but when a nun happened to be wounded, they burned 
 the part affeded, and afterwards anointMl it with but- 
 ter. They buried their dead in caves ; artd if the de- 
 ccafcd was a man of wealth, they interred him in his 
 tfloaths, and pat a board at his feet, and the pote he 
 ufcd to travel with at his tide; and, in order to pre- 
 vent his being devoured by ravens, they clofed the 
 mouth of the cave with fl^nes. 
 . Murder and theft were the only crimes for which 
 they inHicted corporal puniihment. The ntmderer was 
 put to death in the fame manner as he had killed the 
 dcctafcd : and the thief, for the lirft oiffence, was pu- 
 •ilhcd with the lois of one of bis eyes, and lor the fc- 
 cond, of the other. This was done that ht might not 
 fee to Ileal any more. The office of executioner on 
 thefe occalions, wai pe i fann ed by a partfcutar perfon 
 fct apart for thitt purpole. 
 
 \s to their religion, they worfhipped two deities^ 
 (snc of whom was male, the other female ,* the mtrie 
 was named Eraorancan, ahd #as the ol:geA of ific men's 
 adoration ; the other, worfhipped by the women, was 
 called Moncyba. I'hey had no inuwes, or vifible re- 
 prefcntatinns of thefe deities ; nor did they ever facri- 
 fice to them, but only prayed to them fn their nccef- 
 lities, as when tiKy wanted rain to bring nthi graft 
 for the fubttftence of their cattle. &c. i he natives 
 pretended, that when the gods were inclined to do 
 (hem good, they came fo the illand, and flighted on 
 two great rocks, which are in a place to which they 
 gave the name of VeHta/ca, whefe they received the 
 petitions of the peopli', and afterwatds returned to 
 their cctcftial abode ; thefe rttcks are how called by the 
 Spaniards Los Antillos die l6s AhfiqiMs, «r the hillsof 
 ^e antients. 
 
 We Ihall now give a particular defoription of the 
 prefent natives ot CSnaria, TenerifTe, Pilma, Gotnera, 
 and Fcrro, with anaccowttof their'perfent,dfe<s,8tc. 
 previous to which It will be neCelTary topbfervo, that 
 the dcfccndanu of this mixed nation are at prefent de- 
 nominated Spaniards, whofe langui^ is inst of the 
 Caftilian, which the gentry fpcak in pcrlcAidh; but 
 ±H pcalkntsy in dtc remoK puu of the iAmmK i* "> 
 
 ahnoft unintelligible manner, fo that they are fcarcelf 
 underftoodby fltrai^rs. 
 
 The greateft part of the nativa are fmall of (lature. 
 well mide, and have good featttres j but they ai« more 
 fwnrthy than the inhabitants of the fouthem ports of 
 Spain; their eyes, however, are fine, large, and fpark-. 
 ling, and their countenances exceedingly exprelfivei 
 but the old people have a very difagreeabie afpei5t'. Peo« 
 pie of diftindion wore in common a camblet cloak of 
 a dark red or Mack cel6ur, a Ibien night-cap, bordered 
 with lace; and :i broad flouched hat. When they 
 pay vifits, a coat, fword, and white peroke are addetJ, 
 the latter of which fbrm a very odd contrail to theif 
 dulky complexions, and what is Hill mote Angular, they 
 keep their large douched hat upon their heads always 
 in the houfe ; but when they are out of doors, they 
 carry them under their arm. Neither do they put on 
 their perukes, upper coats, or fwords, but when they 
 walk m proceffion, pay formal vifitt, or gato church, 
 on high fedivals. The lower clafs of people wear their 
 own black, bufliy hair, and tuck fome ofit behind the 
 right ear ; and their principal garment is a white loofe 
 coat with a friar's cape, and girded round the middle 
 with a fafli. This garment is long and narrow, and 
 made of the wool of their own dieep. 
 
 Women of inferior rank wear a piece of gauze on 
 their heads, which falls dowh the Ihoulders. is pinned 
 under the chin, and covers the neck and bread. A 
 
 Eart of their drefs is a broad^irimmed douched hat, 
 ut they ufe this with mote propriety than the men ; foe 
 abroad they wear it bpon their heads, whereby their 
 faces are fcrecned from the fcorchitw beams of the fun. 
 They throw a mantle over their dioulders, the ^odnefs 
 of which is in proportion to the condition of the wearer. 
 Thev wear jackets indead of days, and are all very 
 fond of s Kteat number of pettkoats. The principal 
 kidies of Grand Caniria and Tenerifle dtcfi after the 
 fiidimn of France and England, and pay vifits in cha- 
 riots J but none walk the dreets without being vailed, 
 though fome are fo carelefs in the ufe of their vails, that 
 thejr take care to let their faces and necks be feen. Some 
 bdies have their hair cMriottdv plaited, and bftened to 
 the crown of their head with a gold comb, Theif 
 mantles are very rich, and they wear a profofion ol 
 jewels ; but they imiet their appearance ridicutous to 
 drangers, from that chimfihefs or drcTs, andaukward-* 
 nc6 of gait, which is obfervable in both fexes. 
 
 The poorer fort of people are afflided with manjr 
 toathfomediforclers, atid are naturally verv filthy ; the 
 gentry, however, affed great dejicKcy. Both fexes go 
 every morning tohear mals; aha mod of them go be* 
 fore they take any refreflnnent. Their breakfidl is, 
 ufually chocolate : they dine at neon : and fhut up the 
 dbors till three o'clock. People in good cireumfhincea 
 have four ^ourfiis brouffht to table. The fird dilh con- 
 fdhoT Ibup niodeef Mef, mutton, pork, bacon, po- 
 tatoes, turhlps. carrots, onions, and faflron, dewed 
 Ther, itim thin iKces of biead put into the difh. 
 fecond courfe confids of riiifted meat, fowls, &c. 
 The third is the olio, or ingredients cf which the foup 
 was made. After «rhich, comes the defht, confiding 
 of fruit and IWeet-M^tB. The company drink iinteiy^ 
 of wine, or wine ahd trater, while at dinner ; but have: 
 no wirie after the cloth is lemoved. While drinking^ 
 (heir :o«fls ihre much Kke ours. When dmner is over, 
 a laigc filver difli, filled with water, is fct upon the ta- 
 ble ; when the whole companV', all at once, *-adi in lt» 
 and then a fervant, vfko'flanas at 'the lowc<-i(nd of the 
 table, tfries, " BleflM and pratfed be the mod holy fa- 
 crament of the altar, and the clear and purt conccptiorf 
 of the nrioft holy virgin, conceived in grace from the 
 Slit tnftMt of her MMral exiftence. I^n and gen- 
 tiemen, rtnich gtJOd may it do you ?" After which, 
 making a low bSw » the company, he retires. Thcy^ 
 then me. and cadi goes lo his apartment, to tike a nap 
 for about an heur^'whieh droves a great refirefhment ia 
 this warm climate. Thofe of higfwr fhrtiMts have ge- 
 nenillyafrlarlbroneorthenrgfleRs, who we may fup. 
 pofc is the CMfttiir to fome of the fiimily, and frc- 
 
 I^fMuHf baliana wMi graac nukMcfi ; yft neither the 
 I malkr 
 
COOK'S SECO^^D VOYAGEi-for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the fTor/J. 1 1 7 
 
 nufter of the hourc, rtof arty of the tomptUty, chufe 
 to ukc much notice of it. Mr. Clafi wa» once invited 
 to dine with a gcndcrtutrt, where a Franc ifcan friar' 
 made one of the connpany ; but no fooner had they 
 begun to eat. than the friar aiked him if he wat a chris- 
 tian? HeanfWcred, that he hoped fo. He was then 
 defircd to rehcarft the Apoftlc's creid 5 but anfwering, 
 that he knew nothinc about it, the reverend father ftared 
 full in his face, and exclaimed, " O thou black afs !" 
 OtTcndcd at thia piece of ill manners, our author a(kcd, 
 wiiathe meant by tre:<tinghini in that manner? When 
 the friar only anfwercd .-ly repeating the abufc ; the 
 mailer of the houfe endeAvoured in vain to pcrfuade 
 him to give over; but as theperfon did not at that time 
 Mnderlland Spanilh fo well as to cxprcfshimfelf fluently, 
 he arofe and left the houfe, afler telling the gentleman, 
 that he faw he was unable to juotcift himitpin infults at 
 his own table. They ttcat with chocolat; aitd fweet- 
 tneats in the morning and evening vifitn bat iii the 
 fummer evenings with fitow-'watei'. Vci^plr fup be- 
 tween eight and nine, and retire to reft foon after. I'he 
 diet of the common people conlifts of goffio, fruit, and 
 wine, with falt-filh brought from the coad of I>arbary. 
 Some think their being fubjeA to the itch, is owing tb 
 their eating fo much a( this lad food. In the fum'mer 
 feafon ficlh filli is pretty plentiful, but more fcarce and 
 dear at other times of the yiar. 
 
 People of rank here have houfcs two ftorics high, 
 which are handfomc ri]uare buildings, of ftonc and 
 mortar, with an open court in the middle like our pub- 
 lic inns in Kngland. and like them have balconies run- 
 ning round, voiich are on a level with the floor Of the 
 feconJ llory. The flrcet-door is placed in the middle 
 of the front of the houfe, and within that door is a fe- 
 cond, the fpace between them being the breadth of the 
 rooms of tnc houfe. The court.yard, which is on the 
 inlidc, is large or fmall according to the fizc of the 
 building, and i$ ufually paved with flags, pebbles, or 
 other ftoncs. In the centre of the court is a fqu;>re or 
 circular ftoAe-wall about four feet high, flilcd with earth, 
 which arc ^.ommoniy planted orange, banana, or 
 
 m 
 
 dthcr trees common in thefe parts. The lower ftory of 
 each quarter of the houfe confifls entirely of ftore- 
 f'ooms, or cellars. The flairs leading to the focond 
 ftory ufually begin at the right or left hand comer of 
 the entrance of the c^ourt, and confifl of two flights of 
 fleps, which lead into the gallery, frpm which one 
 may enter any room on the fecond ftory. The princi- 
 pal apartments are generally in that quarter of the houfe 
 facing the ftrect. which contains a hail with an apart- 
 ment at each end. Thefe rooms are the whole breadth 
 of the quarter, and the hall is twice the length of any 
 of the apartments at its extremities. The wmdows of 
 thefe rooms are formed of wooden lattices, curioufly 
 wrought J none of them looking inwards to the court ; 
 but tncy arc all in the outflde wall. Some great houfes 
 have balconies in the middle of the front, on the out- 
 tide above the gate, cqtial \t'ith the floor of the fecond 
 ftory : and fomc have a gallery which runs from one 
 <;nd of the front to the other, but the outfide of the 
 houfe has feldom any. They whitc-wafli all the apart- 
 nunts ; and thofc at the extremities of the great halls. 
 With fomc of the reft, arc lined with fine mats about 
 five feet high, and the floor is fomctimes covered with 
 the fame, 'fhe fides of the windows of ail the rooms 
 are lined with boards to prevent people's cloaths being 
 w hitcned ; for they coniiiionly fit in the window, there 
 being benches. on each fide of it for that purpofc ; and 
 when the mafter of the houfe intends to fliew a ftrangcr 
 fvCpeii, he always condudfa^ him to the window, t» con- 
 virfc with him. The grtat halli and the walUi of fome 
 of the apartments, anThung with paintings, reprefent- 
 ing the virgin, the twelve apoftles, faints, and martyrs. 
 ufually drawn as large as lilt, and diftinguiflied by fomc 
 ciroiniftance of their Wftory. Thus St. PWer it ufually 
 reprefented looking at a cock and Weeping, and a gmt 
 bunch of keys always hangs at hiftglrdle. St. AnAony 
 preaching to the flfl«M, is one of flfcir fiivourite paint- 
 uigs. Their beds have feldom any curtaim, for thefe 
 they confider as receptaclea Sir fleas and bugs, which 
 No. i^ 
 
 abound hete extremely. They chiefly ufe matrafles 
 fprcad on the flbor upon fine matst bcfides the Ihects, 
 there is a blanket and above that a filk quilt. The 
 ftieets, pillows, and quilt are frequently fringed or 
 pinked, like the fliroUds ufed for tlie dead with us. 
 There is a place, in a particular apartmehti raifed a 
 ftep higher than the floor, covered with mats or carpets ; 
 and there the women generally fit together upon cuftii- 
 ons, both to receive vifits from their own fex, andgive 
 dircdtions concerning their houftiold aflairs. fhc 
 houfcs of the peafants and loWcr fort of pcople,though 
 only one ftory high, are built of ftonc and lime, and the 
 roofs cither thatilied or tiled. Thefe are generally 
 neat, clean, and commodious. Indeed there is but 
 littlcdirtorduftinthefeiflandstomakethemuncleanlyj 
 for the ground is moftly rocky, and feldom wet, from 
 the aUnoft continual fine weather. 
 
 The deportment of the natives is grave, but at the 
 fame time tempered with great quicknefs and fenfibi- 
 lity ; the women, in particular, are remarkable for their 
 fprightlincfs, and vivacity of their converfation, which 
 is faid greatly to exceed that of the Englilh, French, or 
 northern nations. The great families in thefe iflands 
 would be highly offended fiiould any one tell them, they 
 arc defcended from the Moors, or even from the an- 
 cient inhabitants of thefe iflands ; yet it would not per- 
 haps be difficult to prove, that moft of their cuftoms 
 have been haitded down to them from thofe people. 
 The gcntiy boaft much of their birth, and indeed that 
 they arc defcended from the beft families in Spain, there 
 is no rea(()n to doubt. 
 
 They have the utmoft contempt for the employment 
 of a butcher, taylor, inillcr, or porter. It is not in- 
 deed very furprifing, that they fliould not have any 
 great cfteem for die profcHion of a butcher, or that ths 
 employment Of a tay lor fiiould be confidered as fome- 
 \^hat too etl'eniinatc for a man; but it is difficult to 
 imagine why millers ami porters fhould be defpifed. 
 efpeciaWy tiie former ; but it mufl be confidered, that 
 tilt millers here are generally efteemed great thieves ; 
 and as the mafier of every family fends his own com 
 to be ground, unlcfs it be narrowly watched, the miller 
 will take too niuch toll. It is faid that when any crimi- 
 nal is to fiiffer death, and the executioner happens to 
 be out of the way, the officers of juftice have the 
 power of fciziiif; the flrft butcher, miller, or porter they 
 can find, and of obliging him to difcham: that oflke ; 
 fuch is 'heir dillikc to pcrfons of thele occupations. 
 Mr. Glafs, once touching at the ifiand of Gcmera to 
 procure frefli water, hiretl fomc poor ragged fiftiermen 
 to fill the water calk.s, and bring them on board ; but 
 fomc time after, going to the watering place to (cv* 
 what proga-fs they had made, he found the calks full, 
 and all ready for rolling down to the beach, with the 
 filhermcn Handing by, and talking together, as if they 
 had nothing fiirther to do. He reprimanded them for 
 their lazinefs in not difpatching the bufinefs in which he 
 had employed them ; when one of them, with a dif- 
 daintul air, replied, " What do you take us to be. Sir i 
 " Do you imagine we are porters ? No, Sir, we are fea- 
 " men." Notwithftanding all his intreatics and pro- 
 niifes of reward, he was unable to prevail upon any of 
 them to roll the cafl( to the water fide ; but was at laft 
 obliged to hire {porters, to do the bufmefs. But the 
 gentry of thefe iflands, though for the moft part poor, 
 yet are extremely polite and well bred, the very pea> 
 rants and labouring people have a confiderabic fluue of 
 good manners, with little of that furly rafticity which 
 IS too common among the lower clafs of people in 
 England > yet they do net feem to be abalhed in the 
 praence of their fupcriors. A beggar aflcs charity of 
 a gentleman, by faying, '* For thclove of God, Sir, 
 " pleafe to give me half a rial ;" and if the other gives 
 him nothing, he returns, " For the love of God, fbeg 
 your worfhip's pardon," and then departs. 
 
 The common people and (ervants here are much ad- 
 dicted to private pilferii^, for which they arc ufually 
 puniflied t^ being difcharged the fcrvice, beaten, or 
 imprifoned for a fnort time. Highway robberies are fel- 
 dom or ever known -, but murder is more common 
 3 G thi^ 
 
 P 
 M i 
 
I) 
 
 Its 
 
 C«pt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 1 
 
 Bl 
 
 H 
 
 iffifi 
 
 ;fil 
 
 )KI ^ 
 
 »w 
 
 i^niv ff 
 
 i 
 
 Hi 
 
 .f? 
 
 * 'i 
 
 than in England; and thev have no notion of duels, 
 for they cannot imagine that becaufc a nun has the 
 courage to fight, he thereby atones for the injury done 
 to another, or that it ought to give him a ridit to do 
 him a greater. When the murderer has killed a man, 
 he flies to a church for refuge, till he can Qnd an op- 
 portunity toefcape to another ifland; and if he had 
 been greatly provoked or injured bv the deceafed, and 
 did not kill him defignedly, every iwdy will be ready to 
 ailill him to cfcape, except the near relations of the 
 perfon who has lofl his life ; yet quarrels arc far from 
 being frequent here, which may be owing to the want 
 of taverns and other public houfes, their polite beha- 
 viour, the little intercourfe there is between them, and 
 their temperance in drinking. Perfons of the lower 
 clafs never fight in public, but if one perlbn puts ano- 
 ther into a violent paflion, the injured party, if able, 
 ukcs his revenge in the bed manner he can, till he 
 thinks he has had fatisfadion, without any regard to 
 the equity of the method he ufes for this purpofc. 
 
 The inhabitants of the Canary idands are in gene- 
 ral extremely temperate; or at lead, if they are other- 
 wife, it is in private only ; for nothing can be a greater 
 difgrace there, than to be feen drunk ; and a man who 
 can be proved a drunkard, is not permitted to give evi. 
 dcncc, or take his oath, in a court of judicature. 
 Plence thofe that are fond of liquor, intoxicate them- 
 fclves in their chambers, and then lie down, in order to 
 fleep till they are fober. Thofe of all ranks in thefe 
 iflands are extremely amorous ; but their notions of 
 love are pretty lingular ; which may perhaps be attri- 
 buted to the Want of innocent freedom between the 
 fexcs. However, they do not feem to be inclined to 
 jealoufy, any more than the Englifli or French. It is 
 ufiial for young people here to fall in love at fight ; and 
 if the parties agree to marry, but find their parents 
 averfe to their union, they complain to the curate of 
 the pariih, who goes to the houfc where the girl lives, 
 and endeavours to perfuade them to agree to her mar- 
 riage : but if they refiife to confent to their union, he 
 takes her away before their faces, without their being 
 able to hinder him, and either places her in a convent, 
 or with fome of her relations, where ihe mufl; remain 
 till they confent to her marriage. We have been in- 
 formed that a lady will fomctimes fend a man an offer 
 of her perfon in an honourable way ; if he declines it, 
 he keeps the matter fecret till death, fliould he do 
 otherwife, he would be looked upon ^ all people in 
 the mod defpicable light. Young men arc not albwed 
 to court the youth of the other fcx without an intention 
 to marry them ; for if a woman can prove that a man 
 has, in any inftance, ciideavoured to engage her affec- 
 tions, ihe can oblize him to marry her. This, like 
 many other good laws, i* abufcd ; for loofc women 
 uking advantage of it, frequently lay fnare-s lo entrap 
 the (imple and unwary ; and fometimes worthlefs young 
 men, form defigns upon the fortunes of ladies, without 
 having the leail regard for their perfons : there are not, 
 however, many mercenary lovers in thif part of the 
 wofid, their notions in general being too refined and 
 romantic to admit the idea of that pafTion being made 
 fubfervient to their ambition or intereft; and yet there 
 arc more unhappy marriages here than in the countries 
 where innocent freedoms being allowed between the 
 fexes, ioven arc not fo blinded by their {nfliora, aa 
 not to perceive the frailty and imperfedions of their 
 miArcflres. On the death of a man's wife, it is ufual 
 for fome of his relations to come to his houfe. and re- 
 fide with him for fome time, in order to divert his 
 grief, and do not leave him till another relation comes 
 to relieve the firft, the'fecond is relieved by a third, wd 
 thus they iuccecd each other' for the fpace of a year. 
 
 Each of the Canary iflands, as well as every town 
 and fiimiiy, hath a peculiar tutelary faint for its patron, 
 whofe day is celebrated as a fefiival, by a femnon 
 preached m honour of the faint, and a fervice fuited to 
 the occafion. On thefe days, the flicet near the church 
 is ftrewed with ftowcrs ana leaves, a multitude of wax 
 candles are lighted, and a confiderable number of fire', 
 works pbyed off. 
 
 A kind of f«ir i# generally held on the eve of thefe 
 fefUvals, to which the people of the adjacent Country 
 rcibrt, and fpend the greateit part of the night in mirth 
 and dancing to the found of the guittar, accompanied 
 t with the voices not only of thofe who play on that in- 
 ftrument, but by thofe of the dancers. The dances 
 pradUcd here arc farabands and folias, which arc flow 
 dances ; thofe ^hich are quick are the canario, firft 
 ufed by the Canarians ; the fandango, which is chiefly 
 pradlifcd by the vul^; and the rapetes, which nearly 
 refemblet our hornpipe. Some of thefe dancers may 
 be termed dramatic, as jhe men fin^ verfcs |o their 
 partners, who anfwer them in the fame mattiicr. MofV 
 of the natives of thefe iflands can play on the guittar, 
 and they have in general excellent voices. . 
 
 For the entertainment of the populace, plays artf 
 atfled in the ftrcets, at the feafts of the tutelar faints of 
 Tcneriffe, Canaria, and P^ma;,but the penfonnerf 
 cannot be fuppofcd to rife to any dcgre^ of perfe<^ion, 
 as they are not profefTed adors, andonly fome of the 
 inhabitants of the place feem to have a natural turn for 
 ading. 
 
 The gentry frequently take the atron horfebick ; but 
 when the ladies are obliged to travel, they ride on alTet^ 
 and inflead of a faddlc, they ufe a kind of chair, ii| 
 which they fit very commodioufly. The principal roads 
 are paved with pebble-ftones, like tlune ufed in the 
 fireets of London. There are a few chariots in Cana- 
 ria, the town of Santa Cruz, and the city of Laguna 
 in Tcneriffe ; thefe are all drawn by mules, but they are 
 kept rather for fliew than ufe ; for the roads ai:e not pro- 
 per for wheel carriages, being fleep and rocky. - The 
 lower clafs of people divert themielves with dancing, 
 Angingi and playing on the guitur; like wife with 
 throwing a ball through a ring placed at a great dif- 
 unce, cards.wreflling, and quoits. The pcafants, particu- 
 larly thofe of Gomera, have the art of leaping from 
 rock to rock when.they travel, which is thus perform- 
 ed : the long flaff or pole ufed on thefe occafions, has 
 an iron fpike at the end of it, and when a man wants 
 to defcend from one rock to another, he aims the point 
 of the pole at the place where he intends to alight, and 
 then throws hirafelf towards it, pitching the end of the 
 pole fo as to bring it to a perpendicular, and then Aides 
 down it to the rock on which he fixed it. 
 
 In the conventt, children are tauj^t reading, wri- 
 ting, Latin, arithmetic, logic, and other branches of 
 phUofophy. lite fcholars read the dallies ; but the 
 Greek is never taught here, and is entirely unknown 
 even to the fhidents in divinity. They are particu* 
 larly fond of civil law and logic, but thelatter is chiefly 
 preferred. 
 
 The people bclongiiu; to thefe iflands have a genius 
 for poetry, and compote verfes of different mcafures, 
 which th<^ fet to mufic. Some of their fongs, and 
 odicr poetical pieces, would be greatly efteemcd in a 
 country where tafle for poetry prevails. Few of thofe 
 books called pro£me (to diflinguifli them from thofe 
 of a religious kind) are read here, fince they cannot 
 be imported into the ifland without being firfl examined 
 by the inquifition { a court which nobody cares to have 
 any concern with. The hiflory of the wars in Granada 
 is in every body's hands, and is read by people of all 
 nnks ; they have alfo fome plays, mofl of which are 
 vety good. Hiomas a Kempis, and the Devout Pil- 
 grim, are in every library, and much admired. But 
 the books tnoft read by the laity are the Lives of 
 the Saims and Martyn, which may be confidercd as a 
 kind of relisious romances, fluffed with legends, and 
 the mOftabwrd and improbable florics. 
 
 Wi^t^^x^ to the civil govenunent of the iflands 
 of Canaria, Tcneriffie. and nima, which are called the 
 king's iflaads, jt will be proper to obferve, in thefird 
 place, that the natives, on their fubmitting to the crown 
 of Spain, were fo fiu- from being deprived of their li- 
 berty, that they were put on an equality with their con- 
 qucfors. in whic^ the Spanianls fliewed oreat wifdom 
 and policy i but how they came afterwards to ad in a 
 
 U quite contrary maaner ui America, is hard to deter- 
 mine ; perhaps they might be apprchcnfive, that if they 
 pro- 
 
I Hit l> 
 
 COOK*« S Ecgy p VOY AqE-for making Pifcoveriet in die ^euihSetU fc Koiihd ^h« Wim. Ti » 
 
 ■ ■ ■- ■'] I -- -I-- -• .1- ->.-■• --A... '..,.. . t. .. ' :...■ .L--. .. 
 
 proceeded witfTtoo mucH rigour 'ogainfTthem iX'tKtl, 
 they might in time be induced to fluke off xht ybkr« 
 ana dirpoflefs their tyrannical maften. which we arc 
 informed, hf late eventi, has proved; to be th« cafe in 
 South America, a* the following ^itce of InteTligence, 
 publiflied in September i7«i, annbunccJ : •• Tou have 
 repeatedly heard it reported, thilt there Was a rebellion 
 in Chili and Peru, in South America ^ and though the 
 Spaniards do all they can to keep it a fecret, 1 can af- 
 fyre yoii, from undoubted authoritv. that all the mines 
 in Peru and the city of Pez, which is fituate^ in the 
 interior part of the country, where they lodged their 
 bars of gold and filver, and other valuables, arc taken 
 from them, and there were one hundred and fifty mil- 
 lions of piaflrcs taken out of the flrong chefts. I'hc na- 
 Jives will very foon have the whole country in their pof- 
 eflk>n, for they dedroy cve^ white man,' woman, and 
 child, and even kill every one begot betwctih a Spa- 
 niard and a native." But to return. After the con 
 qucd of the Canary Idands, the Spaniards incorpo- 
 rated with the natives in fuch a manner as to become 
 one people with them, and in confequcnce of this po- 
 litical union, the king of Spain is able to raife in thefe 
 idands more Ibldiers and feamcn than in any other put 
 of his dominions of three times their extent. The jd- 
 cade, who is a juHice of peace, '\i the lowed officer 
 except the alguazils ; there is one of them in every 
 town or village of note. Thefe magi Urates arc ap- 
 pointed by the royal audience of the city of Palmas, 
 m Canana t they hold their places only for a ccruin 
 time, and, in cafes of property, can take cognizance of 
 no difputes where the valuCof what is contended for ex- 
 ceeds (cventeen rials, or fevcn Ihillings fleriing. Over 
 thefe magiftrates is the alcade major, who is appointed 
 inthe fame manner as the other, and cannot decide any 
 cafe relating to property, that exceeds the fumoftwo 
 hundred dmlan. From the decifion of thofe magif- 
 trates, appeals He to the tiniente and corrcgidor : the 
 frft of whom is a lawyer, and nominated by the royal 
 audience: but the latter, who is appointed by the 
 king, is not obliged to be a lawyer, yet mud have a fe- 
 cretary, clerk, or afliftant bred to the law. The corrc- 
 gidor generally holds his place Ave years, and fome- 
 timea longer. Few of the natives enjoy this honour- 
 able office, which is commonlv filied by Spaniards. 
 The proceedings of the corregidor's court, and in that 
 of the tiniente, arc theiame v^hefe courts feeming to 
 have been originally intended as a check upon each 
 other. Appeals are made from the corrcgidor and ti- 
 niente to tne royal audience of Grand Canaria : a tri- 
 bunal compofed of three oidones, or judges, a regent, 
 and fifcal, who are ufually natives of Spain, and are 
 always appointed by the king. The governor-general 
 is prefident of this court, though he refides in Tene- 
 rine. In criminal cauTet there u no appeal from their 
 determination ; but appeals are carried to the council 
 or audience of Seville m Spain, in natters refpedling 
 property. 
 
 In the Canary Idands, the danding forces amount 
 only to about an hundred and fifty men; but there is a 
 militia of which the govemor-general of the ifland is 
 always commander in chief, and the officen, as colo- 
 nels, captains, and fubaltems, are appointed by the ! 
 }ur%. There are alfo governors of (om and cadles, 
 ibmc of which are appointed by the king, and others 
 by the twelve regidors of the idands, called the cavildo j 
 fbme or the forts bdons to the king, and the red are 
 under the diredion of the regidors, or fub-governors, 
 who alfo take care of the repair of the highways, pre- ' 
 vent nuifances, and the plague from being brought into 
 the idaitd by fliipping t for no man is allowed to land 
 in thefe idands from any fliip, till the mader produces 
 • bill of health from the lad port, or till the crew have 
 been examined by the proper officers. The royal re- 1 
 venue arifcs from the following articles: a third of the 
 tithes, which fcarpely amounts to a tenth part of them, 
 the clergy approwiaiing almoft the whole to thcm-j 
 
 ?. "• c i * """' **" *'• tP*'™ ^ '^^ I'OP' » the I 
 king of Spain, in confidcratton of his inainuinins a ' 
 perpetual war agunft the infidels. The fccoiid bram:h 
 
 donflfti ittthffiMwi»«irwfTJrt«ct<r*ritrfhiiif, wtiich 
 
 the king's officers fell oh his account, no othd- perfons 
 hiring allowed to deal in thole articles. Anoither orailct) 
 of tM revenue arlfef finonfi the orchilla-wced.' atpbf 
 which inthe idands of TeneHfi^, Canaria, and I^Mav 
 belong to at^ king, and is pan of hisrcviiiiuci but 
 theordhilla of the Mhef idands belongs to their' Mpcc^ 
 tive proprietors. The fourth branch conflds of the ac- 
 knowledgment annually paid by the nobility td the king 
 for their titles, which amounts to a mere trifle. The 
 fifth branch is a duty of ftven per cent, on imports 
 and cxpoKs : and the flxth duty on the Canary Weft 
 India commerce. All thefe branches, the fixth ex- 
 cepted, are faid not to bring into the king's rrcAfury 
 above fifty thdufand pounds per annum, clear of the 
 expences of government, and all charges relating 
 thereto. 
 
 Having departed fVom Madeira on the id of Augud, 
 on the 9tn we eroded the Tropic of Cancer, and at 
 nine in the morning came in light of Bonavidn, bear- 
 ing S. W. by W. about two leagues. This day Capt. 
 Cook made from the infpiflatcd juice of malt three 
 puncheons of beer. The proportion of water to juice 
 was ten of the former to one of the latter. We had on 
 board nineteen half barrels of infpifTated juice, fideen 
 of which were made from wort that had been hopped 
 before it was infpiffated. This you may mix withcold 
 water, in a proponion of one part of juice Xo eight of 
 water, or one part to twelve ; then dop it down, and 
 in a few days it will be brifk and fit to drink ; but the 
 fird fort, after having been mixed as above diredcd, 
 will require to be fermented with yead, in the manner 
 as is done in making beer j however, we found this not 
 always ncceflary, as we at fird imagined. This juice 
 would be a mod valuable article at fea, could it be 
 kept from fermenting, which it did at this t^me by the 
 heat of the weather, and the agitation of the fhip, that 
 all our endeavours to dop it were in vain. 
 
 On Monday the loth we palTcd the ifland of Mayd, 
 on our darboard fide, and at two P. M. came to an 
 anchor, eighteen fathom water, in Port Praya, in the 
 ifle of St. Jago, one of the Cape de Vcrds. An of- 
 ficer was fcnt on fliorc for leave to procure what refrefh- 
 nients we wanted, which was readily granted ; and on 
 his return we faluted the fort with eleven guns. Here 
 both fhips werefupplied with plenty of «>od water. We 
 alfo recruited our live dock, fuch as nogs, goats and 
 poultry, fomf'jOf which continued alive during the re- 
 mainder of uii. voyage. 
 
 The Cape de Verd idands are fituated in 14 deg. 
 10 min. N. latitude, and 16 deg. 30 min. W. lon- 
 gitude. They were lo called from a cape of the fame 
 name oppofite to them, and were difcovered bv Anthony 
 Noel, a Genocfe. in the fervice of Portugal, in the year 
 1640, and are about twenty in numbers but fome of 
 them are only barren uninhabited rocks. The cape 
 took its name from the perpetual verdure with which it 
 is covered. The Portugueze give them the name of 
 Les Ilhas de Verdes, either from the verdure of the 
 cape, or elfe from an herb called faigaflb. which is 
 
 freen, and floats on the water all round them. His 
 brtuguefe majedy appoints a viceroy to govern them, 
 who condantly refides in the ifland of St. Jago. The 
 Dutch call them the Salt Iflands, from the great quan- 
 tities of that commodity produced in feverd of them. 
 The principal of thefe are, i. May, or Mayo ; 2. San 
 Jago, or Sawt James's : 3. Sal or Salti 4. Buena, or 
 Bono Vida, or Good Si^t; c. St. Philip's, otherwife 
 called Fuego, or the ifland of Fire ; 6. St. John, or San 
 Juan I 7. St. Nicholas; 8. St. Vincent; 9. St. Anthony; 
 10. St. Lucia ; 1 1 . Bniva. Their foil is very flony and 
 barren ; the climate exceeding hot, and in fome of 
 them very unwholefome ; however, the principal part 
 of them are fertile, and produce various forts of grain 
 and fruits, particulariy nee, maiz, or Indian wheat,ba- 
 nanas, lemons, citrons, oranges, pomegranates, cocoa- 
 milSk md figs. They have alfo calavanes, a fort of 
 
 EuITc nke French beans, and great Quantities of pump- 
 ins, on which the inhabitanu chiefly fubfid. They 
 produce alfo two odier fruiu of a renMriurt)lc nature, 
 
 viz. 
 
 ' 
 
 ill 
 
1 
 
 120 
 
 -^ . M , , I I H 1, 
 
 Cipu coo K'i. V O. Y A Q.£.J&... CO M P.Ji.E T E, 
 
 ( 
 
 ''I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 U- ^ ;./■ 
 
 ■mi 
 
 '.^ \ 
 
 
 ■^^^'^^"— ——''■— ——^"^ II I 
 
 viz. die cuftard apple, and the papah. The fonncr of 
 thde u as large its a pomegranate, and nearly of the 
 fame colour. The outQde hu(k. flicll, or rind, ii in 
 fubfiancc and thickne(s between the (hell of a poinegni- 
 nate and the peel of a Seville orange, foftct than thf 
 femner, yet niore brittle than the latter. The cceii. or 
 rind ii alfo remarkable for being covered with . ,nall 
 reeular knobs or rilincst and the infide of the Ouit is 
 full of a white foft pulp, which in iu form, colour and 
 ufte, greatly refemblcs a cuftard, from whence it re- 
 ceived its name, which was probably fird given it bv 
 the Europeans. It has in the middle a few fnuU blacic 
 floncs, but no core, for the whole uf it is entire pulp. 
 Ilie tree that K-ars this fruit is about the lizc of a 
 quincc-trce, and has k>ng (lender branches that fprcad 
 a confldcrable way from the trunk. Only foinc of the 
 branches bear fruit, for thpugh thefe trees are large, 
 yet in general fuch trees do not produce above twenty 
 or thirty apples. The frak grows at the extremity of 
 thefe branches, upon a (lalk about nine or ten inches 
 long. The other fruit, called the papah, is about the 
 fizc of a mulk melon, and refemblcs it in fliapc and 
 colour both within and without ; only in the middle, 
 inftead of flat kernels, which the melons have, thcic 
 have a quantity of fmall blackiih feeds, about the fizc of 
 pepper-corns, the taHe of which is much the fame as 
 that fpice. The tree on which this fruit grows, is about 
 ten or twelve feet high ; the trunk is thickcil at the 
 bottom, from whence it gradually decrcafes to the top. 
 where it is very thin and taper. It has not any fmiul 
 branches, but only large leaves, that grow immediately 
 on the ftalks from the body. The leaves are of a 
 roundiHi form, and jagged about the edges, having 
 their ftalks or Humps longer or fmaller, as they grow 
 nearer or farther from the top : they begin to fpringout 
 of the body of the tree at about fix or fcvcn feet high 
 from the ground, the trunk being below that entirely 
 bare, and the leaves grow thick all the way from thence 
 to the top, where they are veryclofe and broad. I'he fruit 
 grow only among the leaves, and mod plentiful wherc 
 the leaves are thickcft ; fo that towards the top of the 
 tree the papahs fpring forth from it in cluflers. It is, 
 however, to be obferved, that where they grow fo thick, 
 they are but fmall, being no bigger tnan ordinary 
 turnep : whereas thofe nearer the middle of the trunk, 
 where the leaves arc not fo thick, grow to the iirft- 
 incntioncd fize. 
 
 Vario«is forts of poultry abound in thefe iflands, 
 particularly curlews, Guiney hens, and flamingoes, the 
 latter of w hich are very numerous. The flamingo is a 
 large bird, much like a heron in Ihapc, but bigger, and 
 of a reddilh colour; they go in flocks, but are fo ^y, 
 that it is very diflicult to catch them: they build their 
 nefts in (hallow ponds, where there is much mud, 
 which they fc rape together, making little hillocks, like 
 fmall iflands, that appear about a foot and a half above 
 the furfacc of the water. They make the foundations 
 of thefe hillocks broad, bringing them up taper to the 
 top, where they leave a fmairhollow pit to lay their eggs 
 in : they never lay more than two eggs, and feldom Ids. 
 The young ones cannot fly till tl^y are almofl full 
 grown, but they run with furprizing fwiftnefs : their 
 tongues are broad and long, having a large lump of tit 
 at the root, which is delicious in its tafle, and fo greatly 
 admired, that a difh of them will produce a very con- 
 fiderablc fum of money. Their flefh is lean, and of a 
 dingy colour, but it neither ufles fllhy, nor atiy ways 
 unplcafam. Here are alfo feveral other forts of fowls, 
 as pigeons and turtle doves ; miniotas, a fort of land 
 fowl, as big as crows, of a grey colour, and the flefli 
 well u(ted ; crufuu, another fort of grey-coloured fowl, 
 ainraft as large as the former; thefe are only feen in the 
 night, and their flefli is faid to be exceeding (aluury to 
 people in a decline, by whom they are ufed. They 
 have Ijkewife great plenty of partridges, quails, and 
 other fmall htrds. and rabbets in prodigious numbers. 
 
 Many wild animals abound here, particularly lions, 
 tigers and camels, the latter of which arc remarkably 
 mp. There are alfo great numbers of monkies, ba- 
 bgwis, and civet-cats, and vjtrious kinds of repule*. 
 
 3^ 
 
 The tame animals are horfea. alTes, flieep, mules, cowj, 
 goats and hqgs > and here the European fltipii bound (i>r 
 thcEaft Indies, ufyitly flop to take in fre(h water and 
 provifions. with whjcn fhivare always otcnti folly fuppi ied. 
 
 Fi(h of various fons abound in the fea, particularly 
 dolpbini. bonettas. mullets. frttpfKrs, filver lifiS, itc. 
 and here is fuch plenty of turtle, that fevcrat foreign 
 fliips come yearly to catch them. In the wet feaion 
 the turtles go afliorc to lay their eggs in the fund, which 
 they leave to be hatched by the heat of the full. The 
 flein of the turtles, well cured, is as great a fupply fo the 
 American plantations, as^cod-filh >s to liuropc. The 
 inhabitants go out by liight and catch the turtfes, by 
 turning them on their backs with poles j for they are lo 
 large that they cannot do it with their hands. 
 
 In thefe iflands are many European families, all of 
 whom profefs the Roman Catholic religion. The na- 
 tives arc all negroes, and much like (hrir African neigh- 
 boun, from whom they are fuppofed to Ik- dofcendcd i 
 thou^, as they are fubjcd to the Portiigiiaze, their owfi 
 religion and language prevail among them. Uoth men 
 antfwomen are flout, and wcH limbed, and they arc in 
 general of a civil and quiet dirpofitiun. Their drefs 
 (particularly in the ifland of St. John) is very trifling, 
 cOnflfKng only of a piece of cotton cloth wound round 
 the waift. The women fomctimcs throw it ovier the 
 head, and the men acrols the (boulders. Neither fex 
 M'ear fhoes or (dockings, except on certain fcflivalj. 
 The men arc particularly fond of wearing breeches, if 
 they can get them, ami are ver^j happy if they ha\'e but 
 a waiftband and lisp before, be they ever fo ragged. 
 
 The ifland ofM.nvo, or May, obtained its name from 
 its being difcovcred on the firft of that month. It is 
 (ituattd m i < dcg. 5 inin. N. latitude, near 300 miles 
 from Cape Vera, and is about 17 miles in circum- 
 ference. The foil is i^ general very barrel^ ;)nd wat^r 
 fcarce: however, here ar* plenty of cows, g6ars, anil 
 alTes i and alfo fume corn, yams, potatoes ancT plantains. 
 The trees are (Ituated on the fldcs of the hiffs, and the 
 natives have foinc water-melons and tigs. The fea 
 likcwileabounds with wild tbwl, fifli and turtle. There 
 
 frows on this ifland, as well as on molt of the others, » 
 ind of vegetable ftonc, extrpmely porous, of a grc}-ifli 
 colour, w hich flioots up m (Veins, and forms fomething 
 like the head of a cauliflower. 
 
 On the weft (ide of the ifland is a fand.bank that runs 
 two or three miles along the flio^c, within which is a 
 large falina, or falt-pond, cnconipalTed by the fand- 
 bank, and the hills beyond it. The 'whole falt-{rand it 
 about two miles in length, and half a mile wide ; but the 
 greater part of it is generally dry. The north end, 
 which is always fupplied with water, produces fait from 
 November tilt May, thofe months being the dry feafon 
 of the year. The waters yield this fait out ot the fea, 
 through a hole in the fand-bank, and the quantity that 
 flows into it is in proportion to the height of the tides: 
 in the common courle it is very gentle, but when the 
 fpring tides arife, it is fupplied in abundance. If there 
 is any fait in the pond, when the flufli of water comes 
 in. it foon dilfolves t but in two or three days after it' 
 b^nsto congeal, and fo continues till a fre(h fup) ly of 
 water from tnc fea comes in agaio. A coniiderable 
 trade for fait is canied oh by the Englifli, and the armed 
 fliips deflined to fecurr the African commerce, afford 
 the veflcis thus engaged their prote<f)ioh. The inhabi- 
 tants of the ifland arc principally employed in this bu- 
 (inefi during ihe feafon: they rake it together, and 
 wheel it out of the pond in barrows, from whpnce they 
 convey it to the tea fide on the backs of afles, which 
 animals are very numerous here. The pond is not 
 above half a mile from the hmding.place i fo that thty 
 go backwards and forwards many times in the day | 
 but they reflrain themfelves to a certain nvimber. which 
 they feldom exceed. 
 
 There arc feveral forts of fowl, particularly flamih- 
 goes, curlews, and Ouiney hens. Tncir chief cattle ai-e 
 cows, goats, and hogs, which are reckoned the bed in 
 all the 0|(tf de Vera iflands. Befides the fruits abovc- 
 mcnticned7 they have calavanes and pumpkitu, which 
 arc the common food of the iQhabiunts. 
 
 The 
 
COOK,'« SECON D VOYAGE— for making DIfcoverits in the South Stat & Round the H^orld. 1 1 1 
 
 The inhabttwtw of thit ifland live in three fmall 
 towm. the princip«l of which ii called Pimont, and 
 contain! tw(i churehei. with as n^any pncfts , the other 
 b called St; John, and haa one church i and the third, 
 which has a church alfo, is called LaRoi. Ihchoulcs 
 uc very mean. fnuUl, and low , they are built with the . 
 wood of the fig tree (that being the onlv one ht for the 
 purpofc that grow* on the ifland) and the ratters arc 
 nwdc of a fort of wild cane which grows here. 
 
 The Portugucfe governor of St, Jago grants the pa- 
 lent to the negro governor of this ifland, whofc litua- 
 tion is tolerably advantageous, as every commander 
 that lade* fait here is obliged to compliment him with 
 a prcfeiic. He ((tends moft of his time with the Eng- 
 lilh in the faking fcafon, which is his harvcft, and a 
 very bufy time with all the natives. Thefc people have 
 not any vcflels of their own, nor do any Portugueie 
 ilii|>s come hither, fo that the Englifli arc the chief on 
 whom ihcy depend for trade i and though they arc fub- 
 jcAs of Portugal, they have a particular efteem for the 
 Englifh nation. Aflcs are alfo a great comniodity of 
 trade here i and are fo plentiful, that feveral European 
 (hips from Barbadoes and other plantations, come an- 
 nually to frciriit with them to carry thither. 
 
 The ifland of St. Jago, or St. James's ifland, is 
 fituated about four leagues to the weftward of Mayo, 
 between the isth and i6th dcg. N. lat. and in the 23d 
 of W. long. This ifland is the moft fruitful and beft 
 inhabited of all the Cape dc Verd iflands, notwithftand- 
 ing it is very mountainous, and has a great deal of 
 barren land in it. The principal town is called after 
 the name of the ifland^ and is iituated in 1 $ deg. N. 
 latitude. It ftandsagainfl the fides of two n.ountains, 
 between which there is a deep valley two hundred yards 
 wide, that runs within a fmall fpace of the fea. In 
 that part of the valley next the fea is a ftraggling ftrcet, 
 with houfes on each fide, and a rivulet of water in the 
 bottom, which empties iifelf into a fine cove or fandy 
 bay, where the fea is generally very fmooth, fo that 
 fiiips ride there with great fafety. A fnnall fort ftands 
 near the landing place from this b:iy, where a guard is 
 conftantly kept, and near it is a battery mounted with 
 a few fmall cannon. 
 
 The town of St. John contains about three hundred 
 houfes, all'built of rough ftonc, and it has one fmall 
 church and a convent. The inhabitants of the town 
 are in general very poor, having but little trade. Their 
 chief manufadlurc is flriped cotton cloth, which the 
 Portuguefc (hips purchafe of them, in their way to 
 Brafil, and fupply them with feveral European conimo. 
 ditics in return. 
 
 A tolerable large town is on the eaft flde of the ifland, 
 called Praya, where there is a good port, vhich is fel- 
 dom without fliips, efpccially in peaceable times. Moft 
 of the European ihips bound to the Eaft Indies touch 
 at this port to take in water and pmvifions, but they 
 feldom nop here on their return to Europe. The town 
 of Praya docs not contain any re^iiarkable building.cx- 
 cept a fort, iituated iin the top of a hill, which com- 
 mands the harbour. When the F.uropean fliips are here, 
 the country people bring down their commodities to 
 fell to the feauien and paflengers ; thcfe articles gene- 
 rally conflft of bullocks, ho(ip, goats, fowb, eggs, 
 Slanuins, and coioa-nuts, which they exchange tor 
 lirttidniwers, handkerchiefs, hats, waiftcoau, breeches, 
 and lioenof anv kind. 
 
 The port of Praya, a fmall hay, is Iituated about the 
 middle of the fouth iide of the ifland of St. Jago, in 
 the latitude of 14 dcg. 53 min. ^o fee. N. and 23 deg. 
 30 min. W. longitude. It is difcovered, efpccially in 
 coming in from the eaft, by the fouthermoft hill on the 
 iOand, and which lies weft from the port. The entrance 
 of die bay is formed by two points, rather low, being 
 W. S. W. and E. N. E. half a league from each othtr. 
 Near the weft point are funken rocks, whereon the Tea 
 contiittially breaks. The bay lies in N. W. about half 
 a league. We watered at a well, behind the beach, at 
 the head of the bay. The water ii fcatce, but it is 
 difficult to get it aboard, on account of a great furf on 
 the beach. The refrdhtncnts to be procured here will 
 Wo.1^ 
 
 be found in the cdurfe of oifl* accognt of the iflands. 
 Other articles may be purchafed of the natives in ex- 
 change forold cloaths, &c. Bullocks can only be bought 
 with monejf I the price twelve Spanifli dollars per head, 
 weighing between 250 and 300 pounds ; hut the fale of 
 them is confined to a company of merchants, to whom 
 this privilege is granted, and who keep an agent redding 
 on the fpot. 1 he bay is protected by a fort well Iitu- 
 ated for the purpofc of defence. 
 
 The cnmple}:ion of the natives of this town and St. 
 Jngo inclines to black, or is at Icaft of a mixed colour, 
 except fpmc few ofthc better fort that rdide in thelattcr, 
 among whom arc the governor, the bilhop, and foinc 
 of the padres (fathers) or priefts. 'i'he jKople ol Ht. 
 Jago town, as they live under the governor's eye, are 
 pretty orderly, though generally very |)oor, having lit- 
 tle trade; but thofe atioui Praya arc naturally of a 
 thievifl) difpofition, fo that ftrnngcrs who deal with 
 them mull be very careful, for if they fee an opportu- 
 nity, they will fteal their goods, and runaway. 
 
 Sal, or Salt, is the windwardmoft of all the Cape dc 
 Verd iflands, and is (ituated in the 17th deg. of N. lat. 
 and 5 dcg. 1 8 min. W. long, from the l ape. It re- 
 ceived this name from the great quantity of fait natu- 
 rally produced herefrom fait water, that frum time to 
 time bvertloiv s part of the land, which is mollly low, 
 having only five hills, and ftretches from north to fouth 
 about eight or nine leagues, but it docs not exceed one 
 league and a half in brc.-idth. In this illand are only a 
 few people. Thcfe live in wretched huts near the fea- 
 lide, and arc chiefly employed in gathering fait for 
 thofe fliips that occafionally call here for that article. 
 The beft account of this barren ifland is given us by 
 Capt. Roberts, who landed here, and relates the fol- 
 lowing ftory, which he fays he was told by one of the 
 blacks that refidcd in it. '• About the year 1705, not 
 long before I went afliore, the ifland was intircly de- 
 fcrtcd for want of rain by all its inhabitants except one 
 old man, who refolved to die on it, which he did the 
 fame year. The drought had been fo extreme for fomc 
 time, that moft of the cows and goats died for want of 
 fuftenance, but rain following, tney increafed apace, 
 till about three years after they were again reduced by a 
 remarkable event. A French fhip coming to fifti for 
 turtle, was obliged, by ftrcfs of weather, or from fome 
 other caufe, to leave behind her thirty blacks, which flic 
 had brought from St. Antonio to carry on the fifliing. 
 Thefe people, finding nothing clfe, fed moftly on wild 
 goats, till they had deftroyed them all but two, one 
 male and the other female ; thefc were then on the 
 ifland, and kept generally upon one mountain. A 
 fliort time after an Englifli fliip (bound for the ifland 
 of St. Mayo) perceiving the fmokc of feveral fires, fcnt 
 their boat on more, and thinking they might be fome 
 fliip's company wrecked on the ifland, put in there ; 
 when they underftood the (ituation of the people, they 
 commiferated their cafe, took them all in, and landed 
 them on the ifland from whence they were brought." 
 
 The ifland of Bucna Vifta. or Bona Vifta. thus named 
 from its being the firft of the Cape de Verd iflands dif- 
 covered by the Portuguefc, is fituated in the 16th de- 
 gree of N. lat. two hundred miles W. of the coaft of 
 Africa, and is twenty miles long, and twelve broad, 
 moftly coniifting of low lend, with fome ikndy hills, and 
 rocky mountains. It produces great quantities of in- 
 digo, and more cotton than all the other Cape de Verd 
 iflands 1 yet there is nut one of them where there are 
 fewer cotton cloths to be fold : for the natives will not 
 even gather the cotton before a fliip arrives to buy it ; 
 nor will the women fpin till they want it. They have, 
 in general, the fame animals as in the other iflands. with 
 plenty of turtle, and many forts of fifli. When the 
 Englifli land to take in a lading Of fait, they hire men 
 ana aflcs to bring it down to the feas for which riiey 
 pay them in bilcuits, flour, and old cloaths. lUiit 
 ifland had alfo formerly a pretty good trade for honk 
 and alTes, which are the -beft of aU that are upon thn 
 iflands. The people are very fond of filk, with wlhicR- 
 thcy work the bofoms of their fliirts, ihifts, ca|^, Vo. 
 nvoi's waiftcoau, &c. \ 
 
 a H 1^ 
 
 '< 
 
 9"; 
 
 'i' 
 
 
 Ki^l^ 
 
laa 
 
 Ctpt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 '■ #■ 
 
 liO 
 
 ill 
 
 The people of thii ifland prefer the Englith dreft 
 to their own i for nioA of them have fiiitt of ciMtht 
 bought of the En{(tt(h, md have teamed to make cot- 
 ton cloch to imkate the EurapcAt fadiien. Thewomm 
 have one, two, or three cotton clothi wrapped about 
 them like pcnicoati, tied on with avinflc afaauk the 
 hipi, and ibmetimei without a rMk. Their (hifta 
 are made like a inan^t fliirt^ but To (hort) as f:arccly to 
 reach to<he girdle i the collar, neck, and wniftband^ 
 ■nf the youittpeopte of Tome rank, arc wrought in 
 figures with (uk in varioui ooloun in needlework s but 
 the old and the poor have thcin wiorkcd with blue cot" 
 ton thfokl. Over their (hifti they wear a waiftcoat, 
 with (Icevci to button at the arms, not above (Kir inches 
 deep in the back part, but long enough bcKore to tie 
 with ftrings under tncir breafti. Over all thrjr have a 
 ■cotton cloth in the manner of a mantle t thoTc of the 
 married women aiv generally blue, and the darker the 
 colour the richer it is ttckoncd; but the maidens, and 
 cay young wives, and widows, wear blue and white, 
 iome fpottcd and fomc figured. They, how ever, ra- 
 ther choofc, if rhcy can get them, linen handkerchiefs 
 wrought on t!ie edges, and fometimcs only on the cor- 
 ners, with red, green, and blue filk ; the tirtt being the 
 colour they mod admire. They wear neither thocs nor 
 (lockings, except in holidays ; and, indeed, at other 
 times tnc women have generally only a fmalt cotton 
 ckxh wrapped round their waift, and the men a ragged 
 pair of breeches; to which, if there be but a waift- 
 band, and a piece hanging to it before to hide what mo- 
 dcliy teaches them to conceal, they think it fuRicicnt. 
 The people of Bona Vilhi are fond of the Ei^Kfh, and 
 mod of them can fpeak a little of their language. 
 
 St. Philip, called alio Fuego, or the Ille of Fire, re- 
 ceived this latter name from a very large mountain, 
 which frequently emits great quantities of hre and ful- 
 phur. It in fituated in nfteen d^. twenty miiv N. lat. 
 and lix deg. fifty-four min. W. from the Capet is the 
 hi^efl of all the Cape de Vcrd iflands, and appears at 
 a diilance like one continued mountain. On the wefl 
 tide of it there is a road for (liipping^ near a fnuill 
 callle fituated at the foot of a mounttin, but the bar- 
 ^ur is not fafe, on account of the violeiK beating of 
 the waves. The wind blows very (Irong round this 
 ifland, and the fhose being on a flam, the water is very 
 deep, fo that, except very near the caflle, no rrroiind is 
 to be found within the lines. In this ifland water is 
 very fcarce, there not beiiu » Tingle running brook 
 throughout it t notwithflanding which it is tolerably 
 fbrtile, and producea great quantities of pompions, 
 water-melons, feftroonr, and raaiz» but no bananas or 
 plantains* and fcarce ai^ fruit trees except wild figs ; 
 however, in Ibme of their gardens, they have guava- 
 trees, oranges, lemony and Kmes. They have like- 
 wife fomc good vineyards, but they make no more wine 
 than juft what they ufe themfelves. Mofl of the inha- 
 lutams arc negroes, there being an hundred blacks to 
 one white i they are all Roman Catholics, though fomc 
 oif than introduce many pagan fuperflitions into that 
 religion. They breed great numbers of mules, which 
 they fell to other nations, and make cotton cloths for 
 their own ufe. 
 
 The Portugucfb, on their firft peopRng this ifbnd, 
 brought wkh them ncgro-flaves, and a flock of cows, 
 borfes. aiTes, and hogat but the king himiUf fumiflied 
 (he place with goau, which ran wild in the Moun- 
 tains. There arc many of the tatter aniriaU here at 
 this time, and the profits of their (kins is r.ierved to the 
 crown of Poitugal. An officer, calle>*. capain of the 
 ntounuins, has the manaoement of this revenue, and 
 no pcrTon dares, without his Uccnce, kill any one of 
 them. 
 
 St. John's h fituated in fifteen dcgiees twenty-five 
 min. N. lat. and fcven deg. two min. W. of Cape Verd, 
 and is very high and rocky. It ha* more falt-petre than 
 any of thefe Ulands ; this is found in firvenl caves, co- 
 vering the (ides Hke a hoar-frofl, and in (bme holtow 
 rocks, like iflcles, as thick as a man's thumb. This 
 ifland abounds with pr>mpions, bananas, water-melons, 
 and other ihiit, and aUb with fbwU, g«ua,«flei> hqgs. 
 
 f?^^^n»«'« ■« rtenty of fUh in the feas nboiit St. 
 Johrt"*, and molt oT the fifli here have remarkiibic fliarp 
 i?* ' ^t*"*? |i«i»eraUy ule crab* and inledfs lor 
 baits. Fifhing is the principal employment of the na- 
 tive* , hence they mifs no opportunities of wrecks, or, 
 when fliips touch hire, to procure all the bits of iron 
 tlMnrcan. 
 
 In this ifland, the fait is made hy the heat of the 
 lurt, which (hining on the water in the holes of the 
 •Jfl". '•*w*b)' wmed, and fometimet lie* two Act 
 thick. The natives ufijally go and get a quantity of fait 
 early in the morning, hfli the greatcfl part cf the day, 
 dry, fplit, and fait their filh in the evening, and, h«>- 
 ing hraped them up let them lie in the fait all iiiKht. C)n 
 the cnftiing morning they fprcad them out to dry in the 
 "»n»«nd they are fit to ufe when wanted. 
 
 The bahas, a fort of whale or grampus, is very com- 
 mon near this ifland i and fome affirm, that amberpri* 
 IS the fperm of this creature. A great quantity of am- 
 bergris WM formerly fcund about this ifland, but it is 
 Icfs plentifiil at prefent. Some years before Capt. Ro- 
 belts was here, Juan Camvira, a Portuguefc, who was 
 banifhed from Lifbon for fome crime, hWing procured 
 a little fliip or fliallop, traded among thcle iflands : 
 meeting at length with a picceof ambergris of an un- 
 common bigncfs, he not only procured his nbertv, and 
 leave to return before the term of his exile was expired, 
 but had fiiARriem left, after dcfrayii^ nil tharges, ta 
 put himiclf into a comfortable way of li%ing. and a 
 rock near to which he found the ambergris, is called by 
 his name to this day. 
 
 The natives of this ifland do not amount to above 
 two hundred fouls, and are c^itc black. They are the 
 moft ignorant and fuperflitious of .wy of the inhabi- 
 tantsof thcfc iflands. But in their difpofuion thc-y are 
 (imple and harmlefs, humble, chai itable, humane, and 
 friendly ; pay a particular rcfpc('> to their equals, re- 
 verence their elders, are fubmiflive to their fuperior*-, 
 and dutiful to their parents. People wear I'n common 
 only a flip of cotton faflened to a flring befoie, which 
 pslting between the thiehs, is tied to the fame flring be- 
 hind ; but when fiiil arefl<:d they alfo wear a piece of 
 cotton cloth, (fpun and wove by themfelves) which the 
 men hang over their fliouldcrs, and wrap round their 
 waifts, wliile the women put it over their heads, and 
 then wrap it about their bodies j and on both of them 
 it extends to the calf of the leg, or lower. I'hey ufe 
 in tifliiiw, long canes for rods, cotton tines, and bent 
 nails for hooks. As to their hunting, the governor hav- 
 ing the fole privilege of killing the wild goats, none 
 dare hunt without his confcnt. This wss a law made 
 by the Portuguefe when they peopled thefe iflands from 
 the coofl of Africa, in order to prevent the entire lot's 
 of the breed. 
 
 . When a gcnenl hunt is appointed by the governor, 
 all the inhabkants are aflemUcd, anu the dogs, whictt 
 are between a beagle and • greyhound, are called. 
 At night, or when the governor thinks proper to put 
 an end to the ibort, they all meet together, and he parts 
 the mats flelh between them as he pleffis, fending what 
 he tninks proper to his own houfe, with nil the fkins ; 
 and after he comes home, he fends piccci to tho(}; who 
 are old, or were not out a hunting ; and thv* (kins he 
 diflributcs amongfl them as he thinks their ncrefTlticA. 
 require, rcfcrving the remainder of then) for t\x lord 
 of the foil. This is one of the principal piiviieges en- 
 joyed t^ the governor ; who is alfo the only magiflratr, 
 and decides the littk differences that fometimcs happen 
 among the people. Upon their not fubmittirg to thia 
 decition» he confines them till they do, in an open place 
 walled round like a pound : but, inflcad of a gate. 
 they generally lay only a flick acrofs the entrance, and 
 thofe innocent people will flay there without attempt- 
 ing to efcape, except when overcome by paflton, and 
 then they ru(h out in a rage ; but thefe are foon caught 
 again, tied hand and foot, and a ccntinel fet to watch 
 them, till they i^ree with rfjcir antagonifl, alk the gwxr- 
 nor's pardon for braakincout of his prifon. and have re- 
 mained there as long as ne thinks they have dcfervetl. 
 Nay, if one kills anmhet, which hardly happegs in an 
 
 age* 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYACE-for miking Difiovtrits in the Siiti Sets tt. Rcund the frorU. i a 3 
 
 •se. the aovemor can only confine him till he h««.P«<:>- 
 ftd the relation, of the dcceafed, bjr the mediation of 
 hii friend., who are bound for the criminal .appear- 
 ance, in cafe a judge Ihould be ever fent from Portugal 
 to execute juftice, but imprifonment u here reckoned 
 fuch a fcandal, that it i. a. niuch dreaded a»Tybum 
 wa. by criminal, here. j^rc «.-.«» 
 
 About forty five mile, from the inandrtf Salt i. St. 
 Nichola. Ifland.thcN. W-pdnt of which i. in 17 deff. 
 10 min. N. latititdc. lind 6 deg. ja min. W. longitude 
 from Cape dc Verd. It ii the larMft of all the Cape 
 de Verd ifland.. except St. Jago. The land 1. high, 
 and rife, iike a fugar-loaf, out the fummit of the mOlt 
 elevaied part i. flat. The coaft of thl. iflarid i. entire- 
 ly clear from rock, and IhoaU. T^e liay of PUnighifi i» 
 very fafc, but the other ro«d< 4re inlccure till the trade 
 wind* are fettled. Here 1. a vaUttr which ha. a fine 
 fpring of water in it, and many penon. empl«iy them- 
 Wvc3 in fupplyiiig different paru with th« ufefui arti- 
 cle, with which they load afla, and carry it a confide- 
 rablc way at a cheap rate. Water may likewife be 
 obtained in aliiioll any part of the inand, by digging a 
 well. 
 
 The town of St. Nichola. is the chief place in the 
 idand ; it i. clofe built and populout, but all the houfes 
 and even the church, are covered with thatch. Capt. 
 Avery, the celebrated piiiaie, having once received fdmc 
 wit'encc from the inhabinnt., burnt this town ; but it 
 Viu aflernard. n-built, much in the fame manner, and 
 10 the fame extent a. before. 
 
 ITic people arc nearly black, with frizzled hair. 
 Theyfpeak the Portuguife language tolerably well, but 
 aie thievifh and bidod thiritjr. The women here arc 
 more ingenious, and better houfcwive. than in any 
 other of the Cape dc Verd ifklnd.. Moft families have 
 horfe., hogs, and poultry i JUid mitny of the people of 
 St. Nikhoia. underflartd the art of boat-building, in 
 %hich the inhabitint. of the other ifldnd. are deficient; 
 They tikewiie make good rloth.< and even cloath., 
 being toletdble Uyion, nunufiiAuK cotton quilu, knit 
 cotton ftockingt, make good lht>e«. aiH) tan leather. 
 They arc Areita Roman Catholic., but their difpofi- 
 tion. art To obftinate, that their prieft. And It very 
 difficult to hile therti. This ifland abounds irt brangcs, 
 lemons, plantains, banaou, poinpioni, muflt, iMter- 
 tnelons, fugar-caacs, vinu, guPii<dragon, fbftixxins, 
 maii, &c. 
 
 Ihe ifland dfSt. VihCent is under li dcg. OfN. lati- 
 tude, two leagues to the weft of St. Lucia, and abdut 
 fbrty-thrcc leagues difhnt from the Ifle of Salt, W. 
 and by N. It is f!vcleagu<s in lengths OntkeN.W. 
 of it tjieie is a bay a league attd a half broad at tht 
 •lirraiice, furrounded witbhi^mounains, andftretch. 
 ing to the ihiddle of ika iflandi This bay isfheU 
 tcicd from the vefittly and nonh-Wefleriy winds, by 
 i^hc high mountains of the ifle of Sc. Vincent ; fo that 
 this is the fat'cil harhdur of any in all fhefe ifland. 1 
 ami yet it is dilHcult of accefs, bccaufo of the furious 
 winds that blow with the utmoft impetuofity from the 
 mountains along the coaft. There are feveral other 
 fnull bays on the fouth-tide of the ifland, wheie fhips 
 may anchor, and thither the Portuguefe genetally go 
 to load hide*. The S. E. fide of thu ifland is a fandy 
 4horc, but there la not a drop of water on the hills, nor 
 cxcn in any of the deep valleys, except one, in which 
 frclh water is feen to fpout out of the ground on digging 
 a little. 
 
 St. Anthony is the mofl northward of all the Capo 
 dc Vorti iflands, and lies in i i deg. N. latitude, feven 
 miles from St. Vincent, with a channel between them, 
 which runs from S. W. toN. E. Here are two high 
 mountains on this ifland, one of which is nearly as hidi 
 as the pike of Teneriffc, and feems always inveloped in 
 clouds. The inhabiunts are about five hundred in 
 number ; and on the N. W. fide of the ifland there is a 
 little village, confifting of about twenty houles or cotJ 
 tages, and inhabited fa^ near fifty families of negroes 
 and white people, who are all wretclicdiy pow, and 
 i 
 
 fpeak the Portuguefe language. On the north-fide of 
 the ifland there » a road for fhipping, and a colledion 
 of water in a plain lying between high mounuin., the 
 water running from all (idet in the rainy feafon > but in 
 the dry feaiSh the people are greatly diflrcflcd for 
 Mater. The principal people l«re are a governor, a 
 captain, a prieft, and a fchoolmafter, all of whom take 
 much Up«n themfelves, fo that the people have fiime 
 jingling verfes concerning them, which imply, that the 
 governor's ttaff, the beads of the pricfl, the fchuolmaf' 
 tcr's nld, and the captain", fword, give them a licence to 
 fcart on the natives, who ferve as flaves to fupport their 
 luxury lind grarideui'.'' 
 
 St. Lucia lies in latitude 17 deg. 18 min. N. Ii is 
 high land, full of hills, and is about eight or nine 
 leagues long. On the 9. E. end of it are two finall 
 illcH, very near each othef. On the E. S. E. fide i. the 
 harlmur, where the fhore i. of white fand : here lies a 
 fmall idand, round which thefe is a very good bottom, 
 and fiiips may ride at anchor in twenty fathom water, 
 over agnittft the ifland of St. Vincent. 
 
 Brav4 or the ravage, or the Drfart Ifland, is about 
 four leagues to the S. W. of Fuego. There are two 
 or three fmall ittn.-s to the north of it. The befl 
 harbour lies on the S. E. fide Of the ifland, where 
 (hips may anc^hor next to the Ihorc in fifteen ftthom 
 water. There is an hermitage and an hamlet juft above 
 the harbour. On the wefl-lide of the ifland there is a 
 very commodiou. road for fuch fliip. as want to get 
 water. 
 
 On Friddy the 14th 6f Aucuft, both fliip. having got 
 on board a fupply of refrrfninent. and provifion., wa 
 wcichcd dnchOr, put to fea, and continued oUr voyage 
 to the c ipc of Good Hope. On Sunday the 1 6th, in 
 the evening, a luHiinou. fiely meteor made it. appear- 
 ance i it Was of a bluifh colour, an oblong flupc, ami 
 had a quick defcertding motion. After a momentary 
 duration, it difiippeareu in the hdrizoni its courfc was 
 N. W. We obfcrvcd a fwallow following our veffel, 
 and inalfing numbcrlefs Circles round it, notwithftand- 
 ing our diltance from St. Jago wa. between fifty and 
 fixty leagues. This harmlcfs bird continued to attend 
 the fliip in her courfc the two following day.. We 
 olifervcd many conito. in the fea, which (hot paft u. 
 with great velocity ; but we could not take a fingle onct 
 thougn we endeavoured to catch them with hook., and 
 ftrike them with harpoons. We were more fuccefs- 
 flil in hooking a (hark, about five feet long. On this 
 fi(h we dined the next day. We found it rather dif- 
 ficult of digeftion, but, when fried, it wa. tolerably 
 good eating. Nothing very remarlcablc happened "on 
 board our fliip the Relolution, except that on the 19th, 
 one of our carpenter's mates fell overboard, and was 
 druwned. He ^as fitting on one of the fcuttles, fnm 
 whence it WaaAinx>fed he felL All our endeavours to 
 fave him were in vain, for he was not feen till the iiv- 
 fiant he funk under the fliip's ftem. Wc felt his loh 
 very fehfibly, he being a fober man, as well as a good 
 workman ; and be was much regretted even b/ his fliip- 
 mates. 
 
 (XtThurfday the 30th, the rain dcfcended nor in 
 dtops, but in ftreams, and, at the fame time, the wind 
 wa. fqually atid variable, fo that the people were ol>- 
 liged to keep deck, and of courfe had all wet jackets, 
 an inconvenience very common, and often experienced 
 by fcaineiu However, this difegreeable eirc'imftince 
 was attended with good,, as it gave us on opportuni- 
 ty of fpreading our awnings, and filling icveri empty 
 puncheons wiln frefli water. This, heavy rain was (uc- 
 ceeded by a dead calm,, whkh continued twenty-fouf 
 hours, aiid wai fellewed bf a breeze finom S, W. Be'* 
 tween this and tliefouth point it held for feveral days, 
 at timet blowing in fqualls, attended With rain and hot 
 fultiy weather. On the a*7th inftant, one of captain 
 F^meaux's petty officer, died onboard the Adventurci 
 but on board the Rclblution, we had not one man fick, 
 although a deal of rain fell,.which,'infuch hot climates, 
 i. a great promoter of fKkiiQfif Capt. Cook took every- 
 
 necdfiuy 
 
 
 1 
 
 * i: 
 
U4 
 
 C«pt. COOK 'I VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I. 
 
 I 
 
 I) , 
 
 mi 
 
 p.,. 
 
 ncccflary pre(autinn for the prcfcrvMion of our health, 
 by airing and drying the Ihip with tim made between 
 decks, and by making the crew air their bedding, and 
 wa(h their cloatha, at every opportunity. Two men 
 were puni(hcd un board the Adventure i one a private 
 marine tor i|uarrellinff with the quarter-nianrr ; the 
 other a conmton Tailor for theft. Each of thvin re- 
 ccivcd one docen. I'his wc mention to (hew what Ari^t 
 difcinlinc it \va< ncccflary to preferve on board, in order 
 to ellabliih a regular and peaceable behaviour in fuch 
 hazardous voyages, when men, unaccuftonicd to con- 
 troul, are apt to prove mutinous. 
 
 On Tucfd.-iy, &-ptcnibcr the 8fh, we croflcd the line 
 in longitude M dee. W. Some of the crew, who had 
 never paflcd the line before, were obliged to undergo 
 the ufual ceremony of ducking, but fomc bought thcm> 
 felves olf, by pa>ina the required forfeit of brandy. 
 I'hofe who fubiiiitted to an imnKriion, found it very 
 faluury, as it cannot well be done too often in warm 
 weather, and a frequent change of linen and cinaths ii 
 exceeding rcfa-lhing. On the 1 4th, a Hying ftlh fell 
 on our deck i wc caught fevcral dolphins ; taw fomc 
 aquatic birds s and, at various intervals, obfcrved the 
 fea covered w ith numbcrlefs animai:i. On Sunday the 
 37th, a fail was difcovercd to the W. (binding after us; 
 flic appeared to be a fnow , and (hewed either Portugucfe 
 colours, or St. (ieorgc's enlign. Wc did not chufe to 
 wait till flic approached nearer, or to fpcak 10 her. Hie 
 winds began now to be variable, fo that >«e made but 
 little way, and not any thing remarkable happened till 
 Odlober the 1 iih, when wc obfcrved an cclipfe of the 
 moon. At twenty-four niinurcs, twelve feconds, after 
 tix o'clock, by Mr. Kendal's watch, the moon rule about 
 four digits eclipfedi after which the following obferva- 
 tions were made with diftcrent inflruments and time- 
 (ffcccs, by our aflronoiners and others. 
 
 5 By Capt. Cook 
 2 By Mr. Forfler 
 By Mr. Wales 
 By Mr. Pickerfgili 
 By Mr. Gilbert 
 By Mr. Hervy 
 
 Mean 
 
 {Watch flow of 
 apparent time 
 
 h. m. f. 
 
 with 
 
 53 
 
 5S 
 54 
 55 
 5J 
 55 
 
 ^ la common reftador. 
 
 57 a quadrant telefcope. 
 
 30 a three feet refractor. 
 
 24 the naked eye. 
 
 34 a quadrant tclefcopel 
 
 ] 
 
 6 54 46^ by the watch, 
 o 3 59 
 
 Apparent rime 6 $8 45;. End of the cclipfe. 
 Ditto 7 25 00 At Greenwich. 
 
 Dift'crence of long, o 26 14^ = 6* 33' 30* 
 
 Longitude from Mr. Wales's Obfervations. 
 
 fiythemoonandflar Aquilae c» ii'lxM^^ £.9 .V «" 
 Bjthcdiao&do.AldX«n 6 35 {Mean 6» 13 
 By Mr Kendal's Watch 6 S3i 
 
 On Monday the i ath, the weather being calm, we 
 antufed ourfclves with fluoting fea fowl. We were 
 now accompanied by flicerwaters, pintadocs, &c. and 
 by a fmall grey petcrcl. This U(i is lc(s than a pigeon, 
 hiasa gray back, whiti(h bdly, and a black (trokc acrofs 
 from the tip of one wing to that of the other. Thefe 
 2.K fouthern birds, and, we believe, never fecn within 
 the tropici, or north of the line. They vifttrd us 'n 
 great flights ; and about the fanK tinK we faw fcveral 
 animals of the molufca kind, within our reach, to- 
 getj)cr with a violet-coloured (hell, of a remarkable thin 
 texture, and therefore feenu calculated to ke.p the 
 open fea t and not to come near rocky placet, it oein|r 
 ea(iiy broken. Saturday the 1 7th, we difcovcred a fail 
 to tne N. W. which hoifled Dutch colours. She kept 
 us company two days, but on thetliiid wc out-failed her. 
 From the i ith to thia dav, we had the wind between 
 the N. and E. a gentle gale. On Wcdnefday the 3 1 ft. 
 our latitude was 35 des. 30 min. S. and our longitude 
 X deg. 4 min. 30 fee. Ei Frmn this time to tlw 33d 
 I 
 
 the wind continued eafterly, when it vecretl to the N. 
 and N. W. Alter fome hours calm, wc faw a (Val, or 
 as fome thought, a fea lion. I'he wind now lixcd ac 
 N. W. which carried us to our intended port. As we 
 drew near to land, the fra fowl, which had aicoiii- 
 panict) us hitheno, began to leave ua : at lca(t the) did 
 not apiK-ar in fuch numbers) nor did we feegannets 
 or the black bird, commonly called the Cape Hen, till 
 we were nearly within flght of the Cape. On I'hurf- 
 day, the 29th, at two o'cbck P. M. we made the hnd 
 of the Cape of C»ooti Hopei for a particular dcfcrip- 
 tion of which, and of the adjacent country, fee page 
 93. &r. of this worfc. 'Ihc Tabic Mounuin.over the 
 Cape I'own, bore Ii. S. K. diflant twelve or fburtrcn 
 leagues : had it not have been obfcured by doudi. it 
 might, from its height, have been fecn at a much greater 
 dKbnce. Friday the 30th, we flooil into Table Bay, 
 with the Adventure in company, and anchored in five 
 fathom water. We were now vifited by the mailer- 
 attendant of the fort, fome cither oflkers iKJonging to 
 the coiii(Mny, and Mr. Bramtt. This hll gentleman 
 brought oH to us many articles that were stry accep- 
 table : and the inaflcr-attendant, as is cuftomary, took' 
 an account of the two fltips, enquiring particularly, if 
 the fnuil-|H)x was on board, a difordcr dreaded above 
 all others by the inhabitants of the capc; for which rra- 
 fon a furgcon always attends on theic viflts. This day 
 Capt. Cook fent an oflicer to wait upon Baron Plcttcr- 
 berg the governor, to infoiin him of our arrival ; to 
 which he returned a polite anfwer; and on the return of 
 our oflicer, we faluted the (brt with eleven guns, which 
 compliment was acknowledged by the faliic number. 
 The governor, when the captain .iccoinpanied by foii.c 
 of our gentlemen, waited upon him, told- them, thrt 
 two French fliipa fmm the Mauritius about eight 
 months before, had difcovcred land, in 4K deg. S. lati- 
 tude, and in the meridian of that ifland, along which 
 they failed forty miles, till they came to a bay, into 
 which when they were about to enter, they were driven 
 ofl^and feparated in a hard gale, after having luft fome 
 of their people and boata, who had been fent out to 
 found the bay ; but the IJi Fortune, one of the fliipt, 
 arrived foon after at Meurithit, the captain of which 
 was fent home to France with an account of the dif- 
 covery. We alfo learned from the governor, that two 
 other French fliips from Mauritius, in March la(t, 
 touched at the capc in their palTage to the Pacific 
 Ocean, to which they were bound upon.difcoverics, 
 under the conunand of M. Marion. Aotourou, the In- 
 dian, whom M. de Bougainville brought fromOtahcitr, 
 was, had he been living, to have returned home with 
 M. Marion. Having vifitcd the governor and fomc of 
 the principal inhabitants, wc took up our abode at Mr. 
 Brandt's, the ufual rclidence of mofl oHiccrs belonging 
 to Englifli (hips. With refpeCl to accommodations, 
 this gentleman fpam neither cxpence nor trouble, in 
 order to render hia houfe as agreeable as pofTible to 
 thofe who favour him with dieir company. Wc con- 
 certed meafum with Mr. Brandt for fupplying us with 
 provilions, &c. all which he procured without delay, 
 while our men on board were employed in overhauling 
 the rigging, and the carpenters in caulking the fliim 
 fides, &-C. At. the fame time Mr. Wales and Mr. 
 Baylcy made <rf>rervations for regulating the\^atchci. 
 and other purpofes. The refult of thcfc was tliat Mr. 
 Kendal's watch had anfwcred beyond our expcc'lations, 
 by determining the longitude of this place to within one 
 minute of time to what it was oblervcd in 1761, by 
 Meflh. Mafon and Dixon. 
 
 At this place two Dutch Indiamen arrived before us. 
 from Holland. Their paflaoc was near five months, 
 in which one of the (hips loll by "the fcurvy, and the 
 other 1^ putrid fevers, in all 191 men. One of thcfc 
 (hips touched at Port Praya, and departed a month from 
 thence b^ire we came there, yet we arrived at the 
 Capc three days before her. During our (lay here, Mr. 
 Forfter, who employed his time wholly in the purfuit of 
 Natural Hiftory and Botany, met with one Mr. Sparr- 
 man, a Swedifli gentleman, who had (ludied under 
 Linnanu. Mr. Forfter importuned (Irongly Capt. Cook 
 
 to 
 
COOK't SECOND VOY AO^fottrnkiag D^veriet in the StuthStiu 6c Round ihs ^«/-/./. 1 25 
 
 before IIS. 
 months, 
 and the 
 neof thefc 
 inth froii) 
 ed at the 
 here, Mr. 
 purfuit of 
 it. Sparr- 
 icd under 
 ipcCook 
 to 
 
 to take him ■bourd 1 aod Mr. SfMraiui being willing 
 to cmbvk, the Uptain ccnTcmed 1 artd he was en- 
 gaged under Mr. Forfter, who bore his ekpcncis on 
 bwrd, and allowed him a yearly ftipend bclides. Mr. 
 Hodges alfu employed hintrdf in tskins views of the 
 Cape, town, and parts adiaccht, in oil colours 1 all 
 which were kd with Mr. Brandt, to be forwarded by 
 him to the admiralty, by the flrft (hip bound for Vjng- 
 
 land. , 
 
 On the 1 8th of November we had got every thing on 
 board > but it wM the 3 ad before we could put ty fea. 
 In this interval the crews of both (hips were fervcdevtry 
 day with frclh beef, or mutton, new baked bread, and 
 what Quantity of greens they thought fuflicientt and 
 the two (hips, in every rclpcdl, were put in as good 
 condition as when they len England. At this time 
 fomc removes took place in the Adventure. 'I'hc firil 
 lieutenant, Mr. Shank, defircd leave to refign, in or- 
 der to n-ttirn to England for the recovery of his health, 
 which W.1S urantetl. Mr. Kemp was Appointed firft 
 lieutenant, and Mr. Burney, one of our midlhipmen, 
 Mas maiit fcctind lieutenant, in the room of Mr. Kemp. 
 
 On the i id we repaired on board, having firft taken 
 leave of tlic governor, and other olliccrs, u no in a molt 
 obliging manner had afforded us all the necefliiry af- 
 liOamc wc niiuired. At three o'clock, P. M. we 
 weighed, and (alutcd the fort with flftcen guns, which 
 compliment was inlhntly returned. We now ftood 
 all night to the weftward, toget clear of the land, du- 
 ring which time the fra made the fame luminous ap- 
 parance, which has been already, in the courfcofotir 
 ni(\ory, noticed and defcribed. As fuon as we had 
 cleared the land, we dircc'^ed ourcourfe, as ordered, to 
 Cape Circumcilion. We had a moderate pale from the 
 N. W. iwirtt until the s^th, when the wind fliiftcd to 
 ihc eal'wnrd. This day by obfcrvation, at noon, we 
 found ourfi'lvcs to be in .|$ deg. 15 min. S. lat. and 29 
 min. W. of the Cape of Good Hope. As wc wire now 
 directing our courfe toward the antar^ic circle, and ex- 
 pciilcd to encounter foon With cold weather, tSc Cap- 
 tain ordered a wade of frelh water to he a« much as 
 poITiblc prevented 1 at the fame time he fupplied each 
 man with a fearnought jacket, and trowfer^, allowed 
 by the Aiimiralty, and alfo flops to fuch who wanted 
 them. Obfcrving a great numocr of albatroflcs about 
 us, we put out hooks and lines, with which we caught 
 fcveral, and the (hip's company, though ferved with 
 mutton, rclifhed them ver>- much. On the 29th a 
 heavy (\orm came from the W. N W. with few inter- 
 vals of moderate weather, for nearly a week ; the fea 
 ran very high, and fretiucntly broke over the (hips. 
 
 On Sunday, December the ''th, wc were in lat. 48 
 dcg. 41 min. S. and in 18 drg. 24 min. E. longitude. 
 The rtonn continued, and the roaring of the waves, 
 together with hail, rain, and a great agitation of the 
 vcflll, w ere circumftances that rendered our (Ituation 
 cxtrcincly difagreeable. A boy in the fore part of our 
 (hip hearing a noife of water running among the chells, 
 turned out, and linind himfelf half way up the leg in 
 water ; upon which all hands worked at the pumpy, but 
 the water increafed upon us. This was at laA difco- 
 covercd to come in through a fcuttle in the boatfwain's 
 (lore-room. This gale, attended with hail and rain, 
 continued till the 8th, with fuch fury, that we could 
 tarry no fails ; and being driven by this means far to 
 the eaftward of our intentled courfe, not the leaft hope 
 remained of our reaching Cape Circumcifkm. Our 
 ilinrifs was augmented by the lofs of a great part of our 
 live RiKk wc had brought from the Cape. Every man 
 felt the ciVcdsof the fudden tranfition Kom warm to ex- 
 treme cold weather ; for which rcafon an addition was 
 made to the men's allowance of brandy in both (hips. 
 On the morning of the 7th, the rifing fun gave us a 
 flattering profpc(fl of fercne weather 1 out our expe^la- 
 tions foon vanifhed; the barometer wa* unufualiy low t 
 and by one o'clock P. M. the wind, which was at N. W. 
 blew with fuch violence as obliged us to ftrikc our lop- 
 gallant-mafts. On the 8th the gale was fomewhat 
 aliated { but the fea ran too high nr u 
 than the fore-top-inaft ftay-ftu. 
 No. 15. 
 
 tor us to carry more 
 
 
 dn Wedncitlay, the 9th, at three A. M. wc wore 
 (hip to thefouthWanl,fliowersof liiow fell withfqually 
 weather. At eight mdde fignal tor the Adventure td 
 make fail. On ine lOih made another (ignal for her to 
 lead, and faw ikTi ice-ifland to the we(\ward of vn. in 
 5odeg. 40 min. S. latitude, and a deg. IL lungitudeof 
 the Cape of Good Hope. I'he wcathn beinu hn/.v, 
 Qapt. Cook by flgnal called the Advcnt<irc under our 
 llern j a ftirtunate ciCcumftanc e this 1 liir the fog in- 
 creafed fo much, that we could not dificrn an ifland of 
 ice, for which we Were fleering, till «c were Icfs than;t 
 mile from it. The fea broke very high againfl thii 
 ifland of ice, which Captain Furneaux took fur land, 
 and therefore hauled ofl'from it, till he was called bnc k 
 by flgnal. We cannot determine with precilion on thtf 
 height or circumference of this ice-ifland I but, in our 
 opinion fuch large bodies mufl drift very flowly, (or, as 
 the greatefl part of them arc under water, they can be 
 little aflciiied by cither the winds Or waves. It being 
 necelTary id proceed with great circumfpedlion, wc 
 reefed oUr top-fails, and upon founding found no ground 
 with one hundred and fllty fathoms. 
 
 Friday, the nth, i^ 51 deg. jo min. S, lat. and 
 2! dcg. 3 min. E. longitude, faw fome white birds, .ind 
 pairctT another large ifland of ice. I'he birds were 
 about the (ize of pigeons, with blackifli bills and fcec. 
 Capt. Cook thought them of the petrel kind, and na- 
 tivc"! of thefe frozen feas. The dilmal fcene in view , to 
 which we were unaccuflomcd, w.is varied as well by 
 thefe birds, an fcveral whales, whiih made their ap* 
 pcarance among the ice, and atforded Us fome idea of 
 a fouthern Greenland. But though the appearance of 
 the ice, w ich the waves breaking over it, might aflbrd 
 a few moments pleafureto the eye, yet it could not tail 
 lilling us with horror, when we reHedcd on our dan- 
 ger i for the fliip would be daflicd to pieces in n mo- 
 ment. Were Ihc to get againft the weather lidc of one 
 of thefe ifl. nls, when the fta runs high. 
 
 On the thirteenth, a great variety of ice iflands prc- 
 fcntcd themfclvts to our view, and the number of out* 
 attendant birtis dccreafed. As we were now in the lati- 
 tude of Cape Circuiliciiion, according to Mr. Bou- 
 vet's difcoverics, in the year 1 739, yet We were ten dcg. 
 to the longitude of it : but fome people on board were 
 very eager to be firft In fpying land. In this field of 
 low ice were fcveral iflands, or hills, and fame on board 
 thought they faw land over the ice i but this was only 
 owing to the various appearances which the ice hills 
 make, when feen in hazy weather. Wc had flnooth 
 water, and brought to under a point of ice: here we 
 confulted on places of rendezvous, in cafe of fepara- 
 tion, and made fcveral regulations for the belter keep- 
 ing company. Wc then made fail along the ice. 
 
 On Nfonday the fourteenth a boat w as hoifled out for 
 two gentlemen to make fome obfervations and experi- 
 ments. While they were thus engaged, the fog in- 
 creafed fo much, that they entirely lou fight of both 
 of the (hips. Their fltuation was truly terriflc and 
 alarming, as they were only in a fmall four oared boat, 
 inanimmcnfe occm, furroundcd with ice, utterly defti- 
 tutc of proviflons,. and far from any habitable fliorc. 
 They made variot^ efl^ons to be heard, and rowed about 
 for fome time, without eflWl ; they could not fee the 
 length of their boats, nor hear any found. They had 
 neitner nuft nor fail, only two oars. They determined 
 to lie ftill, as the weather was calm, and hoped that 
 the (hips would not fwim out of fight. A bcfl founded 
 at a diirancc, which was heavenly muflc to their ears. 
 They were at lad taken up by the Adventure, and thus 
 narrowly cfcaped thofc extreme dangers. So great was 
 thethicknefsof the fog fometimes, that we had theut- 
 moft diflRculty to avoid running againft the iflands of 
 ice, with which we were furroundcd. We ftood to the 
 fouth on the feventeenth, when the weather was clear 
 and fercne. and faw fevcral forts of birds, which we 
 were unacqiuinted wi(h. The flcirts of the ice feemcd 
 to be more broken than ufual, and we failed among it 
 moQ part of the day > wc were obliged to ftand to the 
 northward, in order to avoid it. On the eighteenth 
 we got clear of the field of ice, but was carried among 
 3 I the 
 
 (1^ 
 
ia6 
 
 Opt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 '.» 
 
 ! 
 
 the icc idamU, which it wai difticuU to kc«p clear of. 
 The danger to whicl« Hc were now cxpored, wainre- 
 lorable to being entangled among inimenfc iield« of ice. 
 'I'here were two men on tward tnc Kefbiutiiui, who had 
 been in the (ircenUnd trade i the one had bin nine 
 Meeki, and the other flx, (luck fall in a flcUl of ice. 
 That which n called a field of ice 'i very thick, an«i 
 ionlilU but of one piece, be it e<crfu large. I'here 
 arc other piece* of great exu'nt |Mc>xd tiMzeiher, and in 
 ibmc pUces hciiKU u|)on each othei . How long fuch 
 ice nuy hu\c lain here, it rtot ealily deteimincd. In 
 the GrcenlaiMl Teas, fuch ice ii (inind all the fummer 
 long, and it cannot be colder there in fummer time 
 Chan it i« here. Upon the funpofition that this ice 
 which we Lurhccn fpeakinc of u generally foniied in 
 l)a>!i and rivcrit, ui iinaginca that land wat not far fmm 
 lu, and that the ice alone hindered our ipproaching it. 
 We therefore determined to fail to the eailward, and 
 afterward* to the lotah, and, ifwc met with no land or 
 impediment, there to get behind the ite, that this 
 matter might he put out of iloubt. We found the 
 weather much coluer, and all the crew complained of 
 it. Tlnife jackets which were mo Hiort were lengthen- 
 ed with baize, and etch of them had a cap nude of 
 the fame llulf, which kept them a.i warm a* the cli> 
 liMte would admit. .Scorbutic f)mptoms appearing on 
 foil of the jM'ople, the fiirgcons gave them frcfli wort 
 every day, made from the itialt we took with u« for 
 that nur)Mife. 
 
 VV e ftocxl once more to the fouthward on the t wenty- 
 fccond inftant. On the twenty>third, ue hoided out 
 a boat to make fuch experiment!) as were thought nc*cef- 
 fary. We examined fevcrul fpeciei of birds, which 
 we had Ihot as they hovered tound ui with Cceming 
 curiolity. 
 
 On the twenty-fifth, lieing Chridnus-day, we were 
 very chearful, and notwithllanding the furmundinj 
 rocks of ice, the failors fpent it in favage noife am 
 drunkenncfs. On the twcnty-fixth, wc failed through 
 Urge ouantitica of broken ice. Wc were dill furround- 
 cd with idands, which in the evening appeared very 
 beautiful, the edges being tinged by the letting fun. 
 Wc were now in latitude 5)1 deg. 31 min. S. 
 
 On the twcnty-feventh we had a dead calm, and we 
 devoted the opnortunity to fliooting petrcla and pen- 
 guins. This atiorded great fport, though we were un- 
 hiccefsful in our chacc of pei^ins. Wc were obliged 
 to (rive over the purfuit, as the birds dived fo frequent- 
 ly,' and continued fo long under water. We at lall 
 wounded one repeatetlly, out waj forced finally to kill 
 it with a ball; its hard gloffing plumage having con- 
 ftantly turned the (hot a(idc. The plunugc of this 
 bird is very thick, the feathers long and narrow, and 
 lie as clofe as fcalct. Thcic amphibious birds are thus 
 fcctired againft the wet, in which they almoll continual- 
 ly live. Nature has likcwiTc given them a thick (kin, 
 in order to refill the perpetual winter of thcfe inhofpi- 
 table climates, llic penguin wc (hot weighed eleven 
 |N)unds and a half. The petrels arc likcwifc well pro- 
 V ided againll the feverity of the weather. Thcfe latter 
 have an adonilliing quantity of feathers, two feathera 
 inftcad of one proceeding out of every root. Glad were 
 wc to be thus employed, or indeed to make any mo- 
 mentary rcHectiotu on any fubjcd, that we might in 
 tome mcafurc change that gloomy uniformity in which 
 we fo (lowly palTcd our time in thcfe delblatc and un- 
 frequented feas. We had conHant ditagrccable wea- 
 ther, confiding of thick fc^s, rain, fleet, hail, and 
 fnow ; wc were furroundcd with innumerable quantities 
 of ice, and were in conftant danger of being fplit by 
 them i add to w hich, we were forced to live upon fait 
 provifioits, which concurred with the weather to infofl 
 our mafs of blood. Our Teamen coming fre(h from 
 Englaml did not yet mind thefe fcverities and fatigue, 
 their fpirits kept them above repining at them {l}ut 
 amoi^ IbnK ot us a wi(}i prevailed to exchange our 
 lituation for a happier and more temperate one. The 
 crew were well fupplicd with portable broth and (bur 
 krout, which had the dclired ciredl in keeping them 
 from the (curvy. I'hc habit of body in one nuui wu 
 
 not to be relieved by thofe rx|Kdicnrt, but he was curri 
 by the conllaiu ufe of frefli wort. This ufettil remedy 
 ought never to be forgoiirn in ttthn hotmd on long 
 voyages, or the encomiums on the eincacy of malt can- 
 not be exaggerated t great! are miifl Jlfo be taken toprr- 
 vent its becoming damp and iiMiuldv.fiir if it is futteied 
 to do fo, its lalutary qualities will occoaie impaired in 
 a long v"yage. 
 
 On f' . 29th, the commanders came to a rcfulution, 
 provided they met with no impediment, to run at far 
 weA as Cape Circunuriflon, ilnce the fca fcemed to be 
 
 Erctty clear of ice, and the dillanre not more than eighty 
 lagues. We (leered for an illand of ice this day, in- 
 tending to take fome on hoard, and convert it into frcfh 
 water. On this illand we faw a great number of pcn- 
 giiins. The light of thefe birds is faid to Ik a fiire in- 
 dication of the vicinity of land. This may hold gofxl 
 where there are no ice idaiuls, but not fo when tnere 
 arc any, for there they liml a reding place. We will 
 n It detenuine whether there are any females among 
 thrm at fo great a didance from land, or whether they 
 go tin (bore to breed. 
 
 On the ,)id, we dood for this ifland again, but rould 
 not take up any of the loofe ice, fbr the w ind incrcafed 
 fo conliderably, as tu make it dangerous for the diips to 
 remain among the icci befides which, wc difcovered 
 an immenfe Field of ice to the north, extending fur- 
 ther than the eye could reach. We had no time tu 
 deliberate, at we were nut aliovc two or three milet 
 from it. 
 
 On the I d of January, the gale abated, . r^ 
 but there fell a good deal of fnow .ind licet, '*• "' '"'3* 
 which froze on the rigging of the fliips. The wind 
 continued moderate the next day, and we were favour- 
 ed with a light of the nwion, whofc face we h.id not 
 feen dnce we left the Cauc of fioo<l Hope. Wc were 
 now in 59 dcg. 13 min. a. latitude, and in 9 deg. 4$ 
 min. K. longitude. Several obfervatinns were made 
 of the fun and moon. Wc were nearly in the longi- 
 tude alligned by M. Bouvct to Cipc Circiimcidon t 
 but as the weather wu very clear at this time, infomuch 
 that we could fee at lead liilcen leagues didance from 
 US, it is mod probable that what he took for land waa 
 no more than mountains of ice, furroundcd by loofe 
 or packed ice, the appearaiHcs of which are fo dccep- 
 tious. From all the obfcrvationa we could nuke, wc 
 think it highly probable that there is no land under the 
 meridian between the latitude of c ^ and 59 deg. Wc 
 dircded our courfc to the K. S. E. that we might get 
 more to the S. We had a frcfli fealc and a thick ujg, 
 a gootl deal of fnow and fleet, which froze on the rig- 
 ging, and every rope was covered w ith line tranfparent 
 ICC. This was picaflng enough to look at, but made ua 
 imagine it was colder tnan it re ally was, for the weather 
 was much milder than it had been for many days pad, 
 and there was not fo much ice in the fca. One inconve- 
 nience attended u<, which was, that the men found it 
 very difficult to handle the rigging. 
 
 On Friday the 8th, wc palled more ice iflandt, which 
 became very familiar to us. In the evening wc came 
 to one whicn had a vad quantity of loofe ice about it, 
 and, at the weather was moderate, wc brought to, and 
 fent the boats out to uke up as much as they could. 
 Large piles of it were packed upon the quarter-deck, 
 and put into caflis, from which, after it was melted, we 
 got water enough for thirty days. A very little fait 
 water adhered to the ice, ana the water which this pro- 
 duced was very frc(h and good. Excepting the melting 
 and taking away the ice, thit is a molt cxpeditioui 
 method of fupplyins (hips with water. Wc obfcrvcd 
 here Ih/eni white wiutlca, of an immenfe fizc. In two 
 days adenvardi we took in nu>re ice, at did the Ad- 
 venture. Some perfona on board, who were ignorant 
 of natural philoTophy, were very much afraid tnat the 
 unmelted tee, which wat kept in calkt, when the wea- 
 ther altered, would diflbive and burd the caflti in which 
 it was packed, thinking that, in its melted date it would 
 uke up more room than in its frozen one. In order to 
 undeceive them, Capt. Cook placed a little pot of 
 damped ice in a temperate cabbin, which, a* it gra- 
 
 dually. 
 
COt)K'i SECONH VOY AOR— for mnkinnnifcovertei in the Smtth Sttt ft Round ihe H^er/J. 177 
 
 [ids, which 
 wc came 
 about it. 
 u to, and 
 icy could, 
 rtcr-dcck, 
 ncited, wc 
 little fait 
 this pro- 
 ic melting 
 xpcditioui 
 obfcrvcd 
 In two 
 the Ad. 
 ignorant 
 that the 
 the wca- 
 I in which 
 :e it would 
 n order to 
 dc pot of 
 u it gra- 
 dually, 
 
 diMllydiflblvcd. look up much left fp«t« than brfiMre. 
 Thit wa* a convincing wgunKni. *nd their (can of 
 thia brt fubfldcd, Aa wc hmi now revcral Ane daya, 
 we had frequent opportunitica of nuking obfcrvationi, 
 •nd trying caperimwKa, which were very ferviccable 
 to ui on many accounu. The ucople likewife took 
 ihc opportunity of walhiiw their cloatha in freih water, 
 which i« very neceflary In long voyage*. 
 
 On the 17th, before noon, wc cmiFcd the ^ntarftic 
 ririlc) and advanced into the fouthem frigid rone, 
 which to M tbrmcr naviptora had remained im|)ene> 
 trable. We could fee uvenl leaguci armmd u>, at 
 the weather was tolciablv clear. In the al'ternoon we 
 faw the whole fra coveivu with ice, from S. E. to S. W. 
 Wc faw a new fuecift of the petrel, of a brown colour, 
 with a white belly and rump, and a large white fpot on 
 the wingt 1 we faw great flight* of tnrm, but never 
 any of them fell into the (hip*. Wc calleil it the An- 
 tar^tit petrel, at fuch numberi of ihciii were fecn 
 licrcabcMiti. 
 
 In the afternoon we faw thirtv-cigiu ice IHand*, large 
 andfniall. Thit immenfe field wai comiMtfrd of dif- 
 ferent kindt «jf ice I fuch a« ficld-ici-, ai foiallctl by 
 the Grernlandmcn, and packrd ice. line wc faw 
 fevcral whalea playing ahimit the ice, :in<l Oill large 
 flockt of pctrelt. Our latitude wa» now 67 deg. 1 5 
 min. S. . 
 
 Wc did not think it prudent to ^ crfi-vere in a fuuth- 
 crn dirrflion, at that kind of fummcr wi h thit inrt of 
 the world pioducct wat now half fpcnt ; and it uould 
 have taken up much time to have gone round the ice, 
 hippofing it pra«llicable ( we thereh>rc rcfolved to do 
 dircdiy tn fcarch < f the land lately difcovend by the 
 French. 
 
 On the iQth, in the evening, wc faw a bird, which 
 in Capt. Cook't fonner voyaf^ wat called the Port 
 Egmont hen 1 fo called, bccaiiCc there arc great num- 
 bers of them to be fcen at Port llgmont m Falkland 
 iflandt. They arc about the (i/.e of a laige crow, Ihort 
 and thick, ot a chocolate colour, with a white fpeck 
 under each wing, lliofc birdt arc faid never to go 
 far from land 1 and we were induced from this circum- 
 flancc to hope that land wat near, but we were difap- 
 
 E Dinted; ihc ice iflandt had probably brought thit bird 
 ither. 
 
 On the 3 1 ft, we faw white albatroflcs with black tipped 
 wings. On the 39th. fevcral porpoifcs paflcd us with 
 anuiing fwifuwfsi thev had a large white fpot on 
 their fioca, which came atmolt up to their backs. They 
 went at leaft three timet as iad as our >c(rcls, ami 
 wc wcntat the rate of fcvcn knou and a half an hour. 
 On the 31ft, w« paflcd a Urge ice ifland, which at the 
 lime of our failinji by wu tumbling to piecet. The ex- 
 plofion equalled uwt of a cannon. 
 
 On the I ft of February, wc faw large quantities of 
 fea weed floating by ,thc fliipt. Capt. Fumcaux ac- 
 
 Juainted Capt. Cook, that he had Icen a number of 
 ivers. which very much refemblcd thofe in the Englifti 
 feas, and likewile a large bed of floating rock-wced. 
 Thefe were certain fignt of the vicinity orland t but we 
 could not tdl whether it waa to the E. or W. Wc 
 
 imagined that ik> land of any extent lay 
 - - ■ - - ■ ' • N. K. 
 
 to theW. 
 bccalife the fca ran fo high from the N. fv N. N. W. 
 and W. we therefore ftrercn to the K. lay to in the nighr. 
 and rcfumed our courfc in the morning. We faw two 
 or three egg birds, and palTed fevcral pieces of rot k- 
 weed, but no other llgns of land. Wc fleered north* 
 ward, and made flgnal for the Adventure to follow, a« 
 ftie was rather thrown aftem by her movement to the 
 eaftward. V^> could not find land In that dirc^ion, 
 and we au.n . ftrcred fouthward. There was an ex- 
 ceeding thick fog on the 4th, on which wc loft fight 
 of the Adventure. We fired fevcral fignaU, but were 
 not anfwerrit 1 on which account we had too much reafon 
 to think that a feparation had taken plai c, though we 
 could not well tell w hat had been the caufe of it. Capt. 
 Cook had directed Capt. Fumcaux, in cafe of a repara- 
 tion, to cruize three days in that place he laft faw the 
 Refolution. Capt. Cook accordingly made ft)ort boards, 
 and flred half hour guns till the afternoon of the 7th, 
 when the weather cleared up. and the Adventure wat 
 not to be fcen in the limits of that horizon. Wc were 
 obliged to lie to till the loth, and notwithftanding we 
 kept firing guns, and burning fatfc fires all night, we 
 neither faw nor heard any thing of the Adventuro, and 
 were obliged to make fail without her, which was but 
 a difinal profpciit, for we were now expofcd to the 
 danger of the frozen climate without the company of 
 our fcllow-voyagcrs, which before had relieved our 
 fpirits, when wc confidcred that we were not entirely 
 alone in cafe we loft our own velTel. The crew univer- 
 fally regretted the loft of the Adventure 1 and they fcl- 
 dom looked around the ocean without cxprcfTing fome 
 concern that we were alone on this unexplored expanfr. 
 At this time we had an opportunity of feeing what we 
 ha<l never obfcrvcd before, the aurora auftraus, which 
 made a very giand and luminous appearance. Nothing 
 material happened 10 us, but various changes of the 
 weather and climate, till the a5th of March, when land 
 was feen from the maft-iiead, which greatly exhilerared 
 the fpirits of our failors. We ftrcred in for the land 
 with all the fail we could carry, and had the advantage 
 of good weather and a frefti gale. The captain mif- 
 took the bay before us for Diilky Bay, the inands that 
 lay at the mouth of it having dcveivcd him. We pro- 
 ceeded for Dufky Bay, in New Zealand, but with much 
 caution as we advanced nearer the land. We paffed 
 fcveral iftands, &c. and two leagues up the bay an 
 ofliccr wat fent out to look for anchorage, which he 
 found, and fignified it by fignal. Here wc anchored in 
 fifty fathoms water, and very near the (bore. This joy- 
 ful circumftance happened on the 26th of March, after 
 we had been 1 1 7 days at fea. and failed 3660 leagues, 
 without fo much as once feeing land. It might bcTup- 
 pofed, from the length of time wc had been at fca, that 
 the people would have been generally affedled by the 
 fcurvy I but the co.ntraly happened, owing to the pre.- 
 cautions we ufed. We had much reafon to be thank- 
 ful to the Divine Providence, that no untoward ac- 
 cident had befallen us, and that our crew were in sood 
 health. * 
 
 »«i 
 
 &•.:<» :«at 
 
 C H A P. II. 
 
 A turralke ^ ivbai bmrnedin ftj^ Aqt, m New ZtaUmd—JntervieVDS with the natives— The RtfilHlimt fails to 
 Ontrlolte's S u md I s Ibere joined *y Ibe Adventtm—^tratAiaiw iTt tbit place, rvi/b thJervtUims tn the inbaHtants—Capt. 
 lumeaux's narraHve—Tbe twejbips pncitd in cmptayfim New ZeaUnd It ibe i/UmdqfOiabeue^Remtrks tn/ome Unu 
 tjlands, fnpptfed /• k Ibe fme tbal were d^nvertd kfM.de BtngainvilU—rbe Refiiulitn and Adventure arrive at 
 Oiaheile—Are in a trili(alfilnatitn—AM atcmit rf/everal imidentt wbilt Ibey lay in Otiii piba Bay. 
 
 THE country appeared beautiful and pleafutg. 
 The iflandt we palTcd, before our entnuKC into 
 Dufliy Bay. were Ouuled with evergreen, and covered 
 with woods I the various fhades of autumnal vellow, 
 intermixed with Uk cveigreens, exhibited a delifllitfiil 
 contraft. The rocky fliorct were enlivened with Hocks 
 4 
 
 of aquatic birds, and the whole country rcfoundcd with 
 the wild notes of the feathered fongfters. As foon as 
 we anchored we caught great numbers of fifli, which 
 eagerly took the bait laid for them. Our firft meal 
 upon lifti here was logked upon u the moft dclightfid 
 we had ever nvade. Capt. Cook did nat like the place 
 
 in 
 
 V 
 
 m 
 
 IT 
 11 
 
 ir 
 
J r' 
 
 f 
 
 ill : !. 
 
 '-' t\ 
 
 ;.i:'l 
 
 ,;);■ '.: 
 
 in which wc Michorcd, and Tent lieutenant Pickcrfgill 
 in fnrch of a better, which he Toon found. The cap- 
 tain liked it, and called it Pickerfgill harbour. Thii 
 ^e entefvd wi the twenty-reventh of March, by a chan- 
 nel whkh was fearccly twice the width of the fhi|f. 
 Here we determined to ftay fome time, and examine it 
 thoroughly, as no one had ever entered it before, or 
 landed on any of the fouthern paru of this coun* 
 try. CXir fituation was admirable for wood and 
 water. Our yards were locked in the branches of trees, 
 and near our ftem ran a delightful ftream of frcOi wa- 
 ter. Wc made preparations on (hore for making all 
 neccfliiry obfervations, and perform nccclTary re))airs, 
 ice. &c. The live cattle wc had left, which conHf^vd 
 of a few (heep and goats, would not tafle the grafs 
 which grew on the ftiorc : nor were they very fond of 
 the leaves of tender plants which grew here. When 
 we examined thefc poor creatures, wc found their teeth 
 loofe, aiul they hail other fymptoms of an inveterate 
 fcurvy. Wc had not hitherto fcen any appearance of 
 inhabitants i but on the twenty-eighth fome of the of- 
 ficers went on a (hooting party in a I'mall boat, and diC- 
 coverinc them, returned to acquaint Capt. Cook there- 
 with. Very ftiortly a canoe came filled with them, 
 within mufkct (hot of the Oiip. They Rood looking 
 at us for fome time, and then returned t we could not 
 prevail upon them to come any nearer, notwithfland- 
 ing we fla-wcd them every token of peace and fricnd- 
 fhip. Capt. Cook, with feveral officers and gentle^ 
 men, went in fcaKh of them the fame day. Wc found 
 the canoe hauled upon the fliore, where were fcvcral 
 huts, with fire-places and fifliing-ncts, but the people 
 had probably retired into the woods. We made but a 
 ihort (lay, and left in the canoe fome medals, looking- 
 elalTcs, &c. not chufing to fearch any further, or en- 
 force an intcr\iew which they wilhcd to avoid ; we re- 
 turneu accordingly to the (hip. Two parties went out 
 the next day, but returned without^finding any thing 
 worth noticing. 
 
 On the firft of April we went to fee if any thing wc 
 had left in the canc/C remained there. It did not ap- 
 pear that any body had been there, and none of the 
 things meddled with. On the 2nd wc again went on 
 lliorc to fearch for natural produdions. We killed 
 three feals, and found many ducks, wood hens, and 
 wild fowl, feveral of which wc killed. Another party 
 went afhore the fame day, and took with them a black 
 dnjT we had brought from the Cape, «ho ran into the 
 wcwds at the firli mufquet they fired, and would not 
 return. Doth parties came back to the (Iiip in the 
 tfvcning. 
 
 On the fixth, we inade a fliooting party, and found 
 a capacious cove, where we (liot feveral ducks ; on 
 which account we called it Duck Cove. We had an in- 
 terview with one man and two women, as we returned 
 in the evening, who were native:!, and the firft that dif- 
 covcred themiclves ; and had not the men hallooed to 
 us, we fViOuld have p.i(rcd without feeing thrm. The 
 man (\ood upon the point of a rock, witn a club in his 
 hand, and the women were behind him with fpcars. 
 As wc approached, riic man difcovercd great figns o( 
 fear, but flood firm ; nor would he move to take up 
 fon^c things that were thrown to him. His fears were 
 ail dilTipatcd by Capt. Cook's going up to embrace 
 him ; the captain gave him (uch things as he had about 
 him. The officers and feamen followed the Captain, 
 and talked ibme time with them ; though wc could not 
 underfland them. In this conv^rfation, the voungcft 
 of the women bore the grcatefl (hare, A droll fellow 
 of a failor remarked, that the women did not want 
 tongue in any part of the world. We were obliged 
 u> leave them on the approach of night ; but before wc 
 parted Mrs. Talkative gave us a dance. 
 
 On the feventh we nude them another vifit, and prc- 
 icnted them with feveral things; but they beheld ever/ 
 thing with indifference, except hatchets and fpike nails. 
 Wc now faw all the man's family, as wc fuppofed, 
 which confided of two wives, the young woman wc 
 mentioned before, a boy about fourteen years old, and 
 three fiiiali children. Excepting one woman (who 
 3 
 
 p L e. T E. 
 
 had a large v en upoii Ker "npcr"Tip), they were 
 well favoured t oi\ account of her dilagreeable appear- 
 ance, (he fceiTwd to be Mgled^ by the nun. We 
 were conduced to their habitation, which conf)fted of 
 two mean huts, (ituated near thi; (kirts of a wood. 
 Their canOe lay in a fmall crJH^. near the huts, and 
 watjull ^rgc enough totranfport tne whole family from 
 
 Stace to place. A gentleman of our party made 
 Letches of thena. which occafioned their calling him 
 Toe-Toe t which, it feems; Is a word which ftgnlfin 
 marking or painting. On taking leave, the man prc- 
 fcntcd Capt. Cook with fbme triflei, and a piece of 
 cloth of tncir own manufadure t And pointed to a boat 
 ct9ak, which he wiflied to have. The hint was taken, 
 and one Was ordered to be made for him of red baize. 
 On the 9th wc paid the natives another vific, and (igni- 
 fied our approach by hallooing to them t but they nei- 
 ther met us on (hore, nor anfwercd usasufual; the 
 rcafon of which was, that their time was fully occupied 
 in drcfTIng themfelves to receive us. They had tneir 
 hair combed and oiled, (luck with white feathers, and 
 tied upon '.he crowns of their heads, and had bunches 
 of feathers fluck in their ears. N\'e were received bjr 
 them w ith great courtcly in their drefs. The man was 
 fo well pleafcd with the prcfent of the cloak, that hp 
 took his i\uta-patue from his fide, and gave it to C.ipt. 
 c ook. VVc cpntinued here a little time, and took leave, 
 fpcndmgthc reft of the day infurvcying the bay. 
 
 On Monday the twelfth this family paid usa villt ii\ 
 their canne, but proceeded with caution as they ap- 
 proached the lliip. Wc could not by any means per- 
 i'uadcthcm to come on board, but put ainure in a little 
 creek near us, and fat themfelves down near enough to 
 fpeak to us. Capt. Cook ordered the bagpipes to play, 
 and the drum to beat ; the latter only they regarded. 
 They converfcd very familiarly (though not w cll undcr- 
 llood) Mith fuch oiliccrs and feamen as went to them, 
 and paid a much greater regard to fome than to others ; 
 we fuppofed that they took fuch for women. One of 
 the females (hcwetl a remarkable fondnefs for one man 
 in particular, until Ihc fouml out his fex ; after which 
 (he would not let him approach her. Wc cannot tell 
 whether (he had Ix-forc taken him for a female, or whe- 
 ther, in difcovering himfelf, he had taken forac liber- 
 ties w ith her. In the evening the natives of Dullcy Bay 
 took up their quarters very near our wafering-place, 
 which was a clear proof that they placed a great deal of 
 confiilence in us, We rafTed two or three days in exa- 
 mining the bay and inaKing nereffary experiments and 
 obfervations. Wc likcwife (hot great quantities of wild 
 fowl. 
 
 On Monday the nineteeth, the mail and his daugh- 
 ter before- mentioned ventured on board our fliip, while 
 the left of the family were fidiing in the canoe. Be- 
 fore the man would com^ into the (hip, he ftruck the 
 fide of it with a green branch, and muttered fome 
 words, which we took for a prayer; after which he 
 threw away the branch and came on board. We were 
 at hreakfaft, but could not prevail on them to partake 
 with us. 'liiey viewed every pArt of the cabin w ith ap- 
 parent curiofity and furprifr ; but wc could not fix the 
 man's attention to any one thing for a moment. A II w c 
 fticwcd him feeiiied beyond his conipreheiilion, and the 
 works of nature and art were alike reganicd. The 
 ftrcngth and number of our decks and other parts of 
 the fhip feemcd toftrike him with furprife. The man 
 was Aill bttter pleafed with hatchets and fpike-nailsthan 
 any thing our fhip produced ; when he had once gut 
 poffefTion of thefc, he would not quit them. Capt. 
 Cook and three other gentlemen left the fliip as foon ba 
 they could difengagc themfelves from the viliton,whnm 
 they left in the gun-room, and went out in two boats to 
 examine the head of the bay ; at which place they took 
 up their night's lodging; the next dav they continued 
 their obiicrvations ; and fired at fome aucks. Upon the 
 report of the gun, the natives, who had not difcovercd 
 themfelves before, fet up a moft hickous roar in diftc- 
 rent places. The gentlemen hallooed in their turn, 
 and retreated to their boats. The natives did nor fol- 
 low thcn>, ncithet indeed could they, bccaufe a brat^K 
 
cook's SECON D VOYAGE— for making Di/ccvtrits in the South Seas & Round the World, 129 
 
 (covered 
 
 in ditTc- 
 
 icir turn, 
 
 nor fol- 
 
 abrwKli 
 
 or 
 
 or (he river feparateJ them, but ftill made a great 
 noife. , A* they continued (hooting and making their 
 obfervaiions, they frequently heard the nativci in 'he 
 woods. A man and woman appeared :>. laft on i^e 
 banks of the river, waving fomething in their hands as 
 ft token of friend(hip. The gentlemen could not get 
 near them, and the natives retreated into the woods. 
 Two others appeared ; but as the gentlemen advanced, 
 they retreated likewife, and the woods afforded them 
 thiflt cover. The captain and his party paiTcd the 
 next night in the fame place, and after breakfaft cm- 
 barked to return on board j but faw two men on the 
 oppofitc fliore, who hallooed to them, and they were 
 induced to row over to them. Capt. Cook with two 
 other gentlemen landed unarmed, and advanced all to- 
 
 S ether, hu: the natives retreated, nor » ould they (land 
 ill till Capt. Cook went up alone, li was with fomc 
 dillknlty that he prevailed on one of them to lay down 
 his fpear 3 at laft he did it, and met the captain with a 
 grofs plant in his hand, giving Capt. Cook one end 
 to hold whiKt he himfclf held the other. In this po- 
 sition they IUx)d while the native made a fpccch, which 
 the captain did not underhand, but returned feme fort 
 of anmcr ; they then falutcd each other, and the na- 
 tive took his coat from his back, and put it on the cap- 
 tain. The Captain prcfcnted each of them with a 
 hatchet and a knife, having nothing elfe with him. 
 They invited the gentlemen to their habitation, and 
 wanted them to eat, but the tide preventet'. their ac- 
 cepting of this invitation. More people appeared in 
 the (kirts of the woods, but did not approach any 
 nearer. The two natives accompanied thi.- gentlemen 
 to their bo.its, but feemcd very much agitated at the 
 appearances oi the mufqucts, which they looked upon 
 as inftnmicnt!, of death, on account of the (laughter 
 they had ohfcr\rd among the fowls. It was ncceflary 
 to watch thcin, for they laid their hands on every 
 thing except the mufqucts. They alTiAed the feamen 
 in launching the boat. It did not appearthat theyhad 
 any boats or canoes with them, but ufed two or three 
 logs of wood tied together, which anfwered the fame 
 purpofcs i for the navigation of the river, on the banks 
 of which they lived, was not very difficult, and fwarm- 
 cd w ith iilh and Ibul. We apprehend that all the na- 
 tives of thiK bay did not exceed more than three fami- 
 lies, litis party took leave of the man about noon ; 
 ami in the evening returned to the (hip, when they 
 found that the vilitors had (laid on board till noo.it that 
 he and his tainily remained near them till that day, and 
 went into the woods, after which they were never feen 5 
 this appcADi rather extraordinary, as they never went 
 away without fome prcfcnt. Several parties were 
 made in order to catch feals, which were very ufcful for 
 Idotl, (iir oil, an.! their (kins were cured (or rigging. 
 'I he Hclh of tJieiii is nearly as good as beef-(lcaks, and 
 their entrails are equal to thofc of a hog. We likewife 
 took thi' funuuit of the mountains in this bay, and 
 iiade oiher reiti:\rkx. 
 
 t)n Saturday the twenty-fourth Capt. Cook took five 
 pcefe and a gander, which were .ill that remained of 
 ihofe broiigl.t Irom the Ooe of Ckwd Hope, and car- 
 ried them to a cove, which on this account he called 
 goofe-oove ; this was a convenient place, for they were 
 Bot likcl) to l)c diHurbed by the inhabitanu, there was 
 plentv ol tbod lor them, and they were likely here to 
 breed and f^H tad the lountry with their fpccies. We 
 had now fevcr.il d.i; s fair weather, which gave us a (inc 
 opportunity of nuking necedary preparations for de- 
 parture. 
 
 On Tiicfdav the twenty -fevtnth we found an arm of 
 the fea more convenient than that by which we entered 
 the bay ; we fliot fevcr.il due k<, and were much pleafed 
 with the day's ex|)editioii. All we now wa-ted (or was 
 wind to carry us out of harNnir bv the new paiTage we 
 had difcovered. The tents an 1 all other articles were 
 got on boanl. The rubbidi wc hail made on (horc, 
 which conliftcd chiefly of pieces of wood. &c. we frt 
 gn (ire in order to dry the ground, which being done, 
 Vapt. Cook fcwcil the fpot with various forts of garden 
 IcMjf. 'Ihis WIS the bcH plate we could find to place 
 No. ij. ' 
 
 them in. We made feveral efforts to fail, but the wind 
 proving c<)ntrary we made but little way, and were 
 obliged to anchor on the firft of May on the north fide of 
 Long I Hand. Here we found two huts with fire places, 
 which appealed to be lately inhabited. Capt. Cook 
 was deuined on botrd by a cold, and fent a party to 
 explore an arm of the fea which turns in to the cad. 
 This party found a good anchoring place, with plenty 
 of w ild fowl, fifh, and frelh water. We made icvcral 
 (hooting parties when the wind would not pcmiit us to 
 fail. Before we leave Du(ky Bay, we think it necef- 
 fary to give our readers fome defcription of it. 
 
 There arc two entrances to this Bay, w hich are by 
 no means dangerous 1 and there are numerous anchor- 
 ing places, which are at once (afe and comm(xliou.s t 
 at Cafcade Cove, fo called on account of the magnili- 
 cent cafcade near it, is room (or a fleet of lhi|w, and a 
 very good pafliigc in and nut. 1'hc country is very 
 mountifinous, and the profiled is rude and craggy. 
 The land bordering on the ka-coafl, and all m laiitis, 
 are covered with wood. There arc trcen of various 
 kinds which are common in other countries, the rjin- 
 ber of which is remarkably fine. Here arc likewife a 
 great number of aromatic plants, and the w 01 :1s are 
 k> over-run with fupple jacks, that it is dilHcult to make 
 way through them. The foil is undoubtedly coiiipofed 
 of decayeuv^tables, which make a deep black mould ; 
 it is very loolc, and finks at every Hep. This may be 
 the reafon why there are fo many large trees blown 
 down as wc meet with in the woods. Except flax and 
 hemp, there is very little herbage. The Hay abounds 
 with fi(h, which wc caught in great numbers. Seals 
 are the only amphibious animals to be found nerc, but 
 there are great numbers of them. Various kinds of 
 ducks are to be found, as well as all other wild fowl. 
 Here is likewife a bird which we called the wattlcbiid, 
 becaufe it has two wattles under its beak like thofc of a 
 dunghill cock. Its bill is Ihort and thick, its feathers 
 arc dark, and is about the fize of an Englilh black- 
 bird. I'his wc called the poy-bird, on account of two 
 little tults of curled hair which hang under its throat, 
 called its poics, which is the Otaheitan word for ear- 
 rings. The feathers of this bird arc of a fine maza- 
 rine blue, except thofe of his neck, which arc of a 
 filvergrcy. The fweetnefs of its note is equal to the 
 beauty of its plumage ; its flefh is likewife luxurious 
 food, though it is a great pity to kill them. 
 
 The fmall black (imd flie< arc here vciy numerous 
 and troublefomc; they carfe a fwelling and intolerable 
 itching wherever they bite. Another evil attemling 
 this bay is the almnfl continual rains that fall, but hap- 
 pily our people felt no il! etfedU from them. 'I lie 
 place muft certainly be healthful, as thofe of our crew , 
 who were in any degree indifoofed when wc came in, 
 recovered fjKcdily. 
 
 The inhabitants of Dulliy Bay are the fame with 
 thofe in other parts of New Zealand -, they fpeak the 
 fame language, and adopt the fame culloiiis. It is 
 not eafy to divine what could induce thcfo few fainilie* 
 to fcparate thcmfelves from the fociety of the reft of 
 their fellow-creatures. It feems probable that there are 
 people fcattered all over this fouthcrn illand, by our 
 meeting with inhabitants in this place. 1 hey appear 
 to lead a wandering life, and don't fecin to be in pr:^- 
 fofl amity with each other. 
 
 On Tuefday the nth of May, we again made il, 
 but met with more obllnie'Hons. Wc obicrved on i fud- 
 ('.■n a whitilh fixx on the (ca, out of w hich a column 
 aTofe which looked like a glafs tube. It appeared that 
 ^ixxher of the fame fort came down from the clouds 
 to nKCt this, and they made a coalition and formed 
 what is called a watcr-fpout 1 (cveral others were fbnr:- 
 ed in the fame mannei foon after. As we were not 
 very well acquainted with the nature and caufcs of thefe 
 fpouts, we w ere very curious in examining them. Their 
 baf^e was a broad fpot, which looked bright and yel- 
 lowilh when the fun (hone upon it; this appeared when 
 the fe& was violently agitateti, and vapours rofc in a 
 fpiral form. The columns were like a cylinder, and 
 moved forward on the furface of the fea, and frequently 
 3 K appeared 
 
 n^ 
 
 .f' 
 
 '■ ' \' 
 
 M 
 
 It' 
 
I30 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 R. ] 
 
 '»# 
 
 i 
 
 'i; 
 
 
 IttJi 
 
 Bppcaml croning each other, ihry at h(i broke one 
 Ktttr another, thit «'as owing to the i louJs nut InlloM - 
 inj; them with equal rapidity. I'hc fca appeared more 
 and more covered with (nort bn>kcn waves as the 
 clouds rame nearer to us; the wind vccnd about, and 
 did not fix in any one point. Within 3oo fathoms of 
 us, we faw a fpot in the Tea in violent agitation ; the 
 water afccndcd in a fpiral form towards the clouda ; 
 the clouds looked bkck and louring, and foine hail 
 (tones fell on board. A cloud gradually tapered into a 
 long (lender tube direifUy over the agitated fpot, and 
 fcemcd dcfcending to meet the riling fpiral, and foon 
 united with it. The la(\water>fpout broke like others, 
 no explofinn was heard, but a flalli of lightning attend- 
 ed this disjuniftion. The oldcll mariners en Ixiard had 
 never been fo near water-fpouti before, they were there- 
 (brc ver>' much aLrmed . Had «vc been drawn into the 
 vortex, it was generally believed that our mads and 
 yards mull have gone to wreck. From the (irft ap- 
 pearance, to the Lid difTolution, was three quarters of 
 an hour. 
 
 On May the 1 8th, at five o'clock in the morning, we 
 opened Queen Charlotte's Sound, and faw three fla(hes 
 arifing from a ilrong hold of the natives. We inugin- 
 ed them to tic (ign.ils of the EurAi)cans, and probably 
 of our old friends in the .Adventure ; when wc fired 
 fomc guns. Me were anfwcrcd, and in a Ihort time faw 
 the Adventure at anchor. We were faluted by Capt. 
 Furneaux with 13 guns, which we very chcarfully re- 
 turned ; none candcHribethe joy wc feit at this nioft 
 happy meeting. 
 
 As it mufl be plcafing to our Stibfcribers and Readers, 
 whofc generous encouragement wc gratefully ac- 
 knowledge, and it being our intention, in return, to 
 render this work as complete, in every rcf|)cft. as 
 potnbic, we here prcfent them w ith a Narrative of 
 Capt. Furncaux's proceedings, and of the various 
 incidents that happened, during the fcparation of 
 the two Ihips, to their joining again in Queen Char- 
 lotte's Sound ; with fomc account of Van Dicmcn's 
 Land. 
 
 A D mi nr HE Adventure, on Sunday the 4th 
 ■ ''>»■ X of February, after having loftfight of 
 the Kcfulution, in a very thick fog, had no other means 
 of again meeting with her, but by cruizing in the place 
 were they parted company, or by repairing to Char- 
 lotte Bay, the tirft appointed place of rendezvous, in 
 cife ftich a misfortune Hiould hapncn. Soon after their 
 fcparation, the j»coplc of the Adventure heard a gun, 
 the report of which they judged to be on the laiboard 
 bea.ii; upon which, they hauled up S. E. and fired a 
 four iKiui.der every half hour; but receiving no return, 
 nor light of their companion, they kept the courfc they 
 h.id llcerc; before the fog came on. In the evening 
 it began to blow hard. The ftorm was attended witn 
 a pr(Kligious fall of r.iin, every drop of the li/.c of a 
 roiiiiuoii pea; and the fca broke over the ihip's bo>«s 
 to the height of the yard arms; yet, at interval', the 
 weather Mas more clear; but at thcfe lavnurable op- 
 portunities, they could not fee their ^^i^lcd for object, 
 the Hcfi)hiti«)n, which gave them many moments re- 
 plete with inexpiiiilible uncafmcfs. They then Hood to 
 the weUwaril, to cruize in the latitude where they laft 
 faw her, according to agreement, in cafe of fcparation ; 
 but the rtorm returned with renewed fury, and the 
 weather being again exceeding hazy, they wetc com- 
 (>elled to bring to, uhich unroward circumftance pre- 
 vented tiKin from reaching the intended place ; how- 
 ever, they cnii'/.cd as near the fame as they could for 
 three days, when, after having kept beating about the 
 tii, in the mud terrible weather that any Ihip could 
 poflibly endure, and giving all hopes over of joining 
 their loll conipanion, they bore away for winter-quarters, 
 1400 leagues didant from them; and, having to travcric 
 a fca entirely unknown, they took every precaution lor 
 their fafcty, and reduced the allowance of water to one 
 quart a day (i>r each fcaitKin. On the the Hth, they 
 kept between the kitiludc ^i .m<l 53 degrees S. and 
 
 reached to 95 dcg. E. longitude. They had here hard 
 gales from the W. attended with fnow, fleet, and a 
 long hollow fea from the S. W. On the a6th a meteor, 
 called to the northward, the Aurora Borwilif, ojr 
 northern lights, appeared with uncommon brightnefs in 
 the N. N. W. diredling its coiirfc to the S. W. And 
 what is nwre remarkable, after our feparation from the 
 Rcfolution to our making land, wc law but one of the 
 Icc-iflandt, though in the mo(t part of our long run, 
 wc were 2 or 3 degrees fouthward of the latitude in 
 which we lirft met with them 1 but we faw numberlefs 
 Tea birds, and porpoifct, curioufly f{)otted widt white 
 and black, frequently darted fwiftly by our (hip. 
 
 On MoQdav the ift of March, having made no dif- 
 coveiy of land, though we had travcrfcd from latitude 
 4II to 4j degrees S. and frem longitude 36 to 146 
 dcgreei, it was determined to bear away for Van 
 Dicmcn's Ijmd. in order to take in water, and repair 
 our (battered rigging. This land, fuppofed to join 
 New Holland, was diTcovered by Tafman A. D. 1643. 
 and in the charts is laid down in latitude 44 dec. S. and 
 longitude 140 dcg. E. On the 9th being lucfday. 
 about nine o'clock A. M. we fell in with the S. W. part 
 of this coaft bearing N. N. E. 8 or 9 leagues dillant, 
 and 1 40 dcg. lomin. E. longitude from (Jrcenwich. 
 It appeared moderately high and uncaven near the fca, 
 but the hills fiirthcr back formed a double land and 
 much higher. We faw a point which bore N. four 
 leagues on from us, much like the ram-head off Ply- 
 mouth. This wc concluded to be the fame that 'laf- 
 tnan called the South Cape. About four leagues E. S. 
 E. half E. from hence arc three iflands, and fcveral 
 rocks, refembling the Mcwftonc, (one of which we fo 
 named) and they are not laid down by Tafman in hia 
 draughts. At the South Eafl Cape, in latitude 43 dc^. 
 36 min. S. and 1 47 dcg. E. longitude, the country is 
 hilly and full of trees, the (bore rocky, and landing 
 difficult, caufed by the wind blowing continually from 
 the wcliward. which occalions fuch a furf, that the 
 fand cannot lie on the fliore. On Wedncfday the lodi 
 A. M. the fecond lieutenant was difpatched in thegrcat 
 cutter, the lliip being about four miles from the land, 
 to find if there was any harbour or go«xl bay. With 
 much difficulty they landed, faw fevcral places where 
 the Indians had been, and one they had lately left. 
 There was a path in the woods, which probably leads 
 to their habitations but our ' people had not time to 
 purfuc it. The foil appears to be very rich, and the Ice 
 country well cloathed with wood, cfjiecially on the 
 fide of the hills. Plenty of water fell from the rocks, 
 in beautiful cafcadci, for two or three hundrcil feet |icr- 
 pendicular into the fea. Not perceiving the Icall fign 
 of any place to .inchor in, v\* hoiftcd in the boat and 
 made fail tor Picderick Hen.y Bay. At three o'cUvk 
 P. M. we were abn-aft of the wellemiort point of a verv 
 deep bay called by Tafman, Stormy Bay. Sever.d 
 illands from the W. to the E. point of this bay, and 
 fomc black rocks, we named the Friars. At fvycn, be- 
 ing abrcall of a fine bay, with little wind, we came t(», 
 and by a g<x)d obfervation found our Jatitudc to be 
 43 deg. 20 min. S. and our longitude 147 dcg. 34 min. 
 E. On Thurfday the nth. at day-break, we found a 
 mull comnK'iious harbour, and at feven in the evening, 
 wc anchored in 7 fatho;.i water, aliout one mile from 
 the flwre on each lidr. Maria'i illand is about 5 or b 
 leagues otT. Here we lay five d;iys, and found the 
 country exceeding plcnfant. The foil, though thin, is 
 rich; and the fides of the hills arc covered with l.irge 
 trees, that grow to a great height before they branch off. 
 They difl'cr from any wc had hitherto fecn. All of 
 them arc of the evergreen kind, and the wood Ijcing 
 ve-y brittle, it calily Iplit. Of thcfe wc found only two 
 forts. The leaves of one arc lungand n.irruw, and the 
 feed, (hapcd like a button, has a \ciy agreeable fincll. 
 The leaves of the other relembic thufc of the bay, and 
 its feed that of the white thorn. From thcfe trees, 
 when cut down, iti'ucd, what the furgcons call, gum lac. 
 They arc fcorched near the ground, by the natives let* 
 ting lire to the underwood m the moll unfrequented 
 places. Of the land birds, are fume like a raven, others 
 
 of 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for mfticihg Difcoveries in the South Seat & Round the WorU. 1 3 1 
 
 im-i- 
 
 34inin, 
 ic found a 
 
 otthc crow kind, paroquets, and fevcral forts of fmall 
 birds. One of our oendemcn (hot a \^rgc white fowl 
 •f the eagle kind, about the (ize of a kite, llic fca 
 fowl are ducks, teal, and the (hcldrake. Of beads we 
 faw only an opofflum, but obfcrvcd the dung of others 
 which we pronounced to be of the deer kind. The fi(h 
 we caught in the bay were moftly fliarks, doc filh, and 
 another fort called by the fcamen nurfcs, full of white 
 fpots, and foine fmall ones not unhke fprats. In the 
 Lafioons arc trout, and other forts of hfh, a few of 
 which wc caught with hooks. During our ftay here, 
 we did not we any of the natives, but perceived the 
 finoke of their fires, eight or ten miles to the north- 
 ward. It is evid<>nt that they come into this bay from 
 their wigwams or huts, which are formed of boughs, 
 either broken, or fplit, and tied together w ith grafs : 
 the larg^ft ends are uuck in the ground, and the (inaller 
 are brought to a point at the top ; making the whole of 
 a circular form, which is covered with fern or bark, in 
 the middle of which is the fire-place, furrounded ,/ith 
 heap* of mufclc, pear fcallop, and cray-fifh (hells. 
 In one of their huts we found the ftone they ftrike fire 
 with, and fome tinder made of the bark of a tree. In 
 others of their wigwams were one of their fpears, (harp 
 at one end, with fome bags and nets made of gra(s, 
 which contained, we imagine, their ,>rovifions and 
 other nece(raries. We brought inoft of thofc things 
 away, leaving in their room medals, pun- flints, a few 
 nails, and an old iron-hooped empty barrel. The huts 
 of thcfc people fecmed to be built only for a day, the 
 workmanlhip being fo (lender, that they will hardly 
 keep out a (hower of rain. The inhabitants lie on the 
 
 ground, on dried grafs, round their fires. They \v.in- 
 tv about, in fmall parties, from one place to another 
 in fearch of food, the chief end of their exiftencc; 
 and, from what wc could judge, they arc altogether 
 an ignorant, wretched race of mortals, though natives 
 of a country capable of producing every necelfary of 
 life, and a tiimate the fineft in the world. Having 
 got on Iward our wood and water, wc failed out of Ad- 
 venture Bay, intending to coa(\ it, with a view (>f dif- 
 covering whether Van Diemcn's Land is part of New 
 Holland. 
 
 On 'I'licfday the i6th, we paflTcd Maria's Iflandj:, 
 and on the 1 7th Schouten's, when we hauled in for thi 
 main land, and ftood off two or three leagues along 
 ihorc. Here the country appeared well inhabited, and 
 the land level ; but we diJcovercd not any ligns of a 
 harbour or bay, wherein a Oiip might anchor with 
 fafcty. 'Ihe land in lat. 40 dcg. coniin S. trends to 
 the wtftward, and from this latitude fo that of 39 deg. 
 50 niin. is nothing but iflands and (hoals ; the land ap- 
 pearing high, Rxky, and barren. Wc now ft(K)d to 
 the northward, and again nwde lan<l in 39 deg. hut 
 loon after difcontinued this courfe, to fail in with the 
 ftioic being very dangerous. From Adventure Bay to 
 where we Hood away for New Zealand, the coaft lies 
 in the ditedion S. half W. and N. hall^ \L and (apt. 
 I'urn<Bux was of opinion, that there are no ftraiis be 
 tween New Holland and Van Dienun's I .ind, bur a 
 very deep bay. The wind blowing a ftrong gale at 
 S. .S. I'',, and (ceming likely to fhift round to the caft- 
 ward, he thought it nu>(l piudent to leave the toaft, 
 and make the bell of his way for New Zealand. 
 
 On thi- 24th, having left Van Diemen's land, a very 
 fcvere fijuall reduced us to reefed courfts. We 
 Ibipped manv waves, one of which ftove the large cut- 
 ter, an 1 with much difficulty we prevented the fmall 
 one from being walhed over-noaid. After this heaw 
 gale, which continued twelve hours, we had more tem- 
 perate weather, actompanicil with calms. At length 
 we made the coaft of Nlcw Z^land in 40 deg. 30 min. 
 S. latitude, having nin tw.;nty-four deg. of loijgitude 
 from Adventure Bay, in a palTage of fifteen days. When 
 we firft camcin fight of land, it appeared high, f(^rm- 
 ing a confided group .if hills and mountains. We 
 (tiered along fliore to the northward, but our courfe 
 was much retarded by the fwcll from the N. \i. 
 
 On .Saturday, Apnl the 3d, at fix o'clock, A. M. 
 w« dvfcricd land, which .ipon a nearer approach wc 
 
 knew to be that which lies between Rock Point and 
 Cape Farewell, fo named by Capt. Cook, when on 
 his return ^m his la(l voyage, c ape Farewell, the 
 fouth point of the entrance of the well fide of the 
 (traits, bore E. by N. half N. three or four leagues 
 dilYant. Sunday, the 4th, wc continued our courfe, 
 and (^ood to the eadward for Charlotte's Sound. On 
 Monday, the 5th, we worked up to windward under 
 Point JackfOn. From Stephen's liland to this point, 
 the coutfe is nearly S. E, difiance eleven leagues. Wc 
 fired feveral guns while (landing ofl^ and on, but faiv 
 not any inhabitants. At half pad rwO P. M. we an- 
 chorea in thirty-nine fathoms water, muddy ground ; 
 Point Jackfon being S. E. half E. three leagues. At 
 eight we weighed and made fail. Tuefday, the 6th, at 
 eight o'clock A. M. had the Sound open, and worked 
 up under the wedern (bore. At ten came to, clofe to 
 fome white rocks, in thirty-eight fathoms, and on the 
 7th anchored in Ship Cove, in ten fathoms water, and 
 moored the bed bower to the N. N. E. In the night 
 heard the howling of dogs, and people hallooing on the 
 cad (bore. Capt. F'urneaux now ordered the large cut- 
 ter to be manned, and fent her, with & proper guard, 
 toexamine, whether there wcrcjiny figns of the Refo- 
 lution having arrived at that harbour. The boat re- 
 turned, witnout the lead difcovcry, but that of the 
 pod, ere(fled by the Endeavour's people, on the top 
 of a hill, with her name and time of her departure in 
 1 770. Upon this, wc indantly prepared to fend the 
 tents a(horc, for the accommodation of thofe who were 
 afflided with the fcuny ; w hilc fuch who enjoyed health 
 were very alert in catching fi(h, which proved of great 
 fervice in recovering our fick, to whom frelh provitions 
 were both food and phyfic. 
 
 On Friday, the 9th, three canoes came along-fidc 
 the Adventure, having fifteen Indians of both fexes, 
 all armed with battle axes, and with other oReniive 
 weapons made of hard wood, in the form of our of- 
 ficers fponiooni, about four feet in lenu;th ; but they 
 had neither bows n»r arrows. A kiniT of mat was 
 wrapt round their (houlders, and tied about their 
 waids with a girdle made of grafs. Doth men and 
 women exhibited a mod favage appearance, and were 
 very unwilling to venture on board. The Captain 
 made them prefcnts, and by (igns invited them to 
 trade. They accepted the prefcnts, and fome of them 
 alfumcd courage enough to trud theinfelves on deck. 
 One of our gentlemen, feeing fomething wrapt up, 
 had the curiolny to examine what it was, when, to his 
 great furpri/.e, he found it to be the head of a man, 
 which, by its bleeding, feemed to be frelh cut off. 
 As Capt. Cook had expreded his abhorrence of fuch 
 unnaivral ads, the Indians were very apprehenlive of 
 its being forced from them, and the man, to whom it 
 tjclonged, trembled for fear of being puniflicd. They 
 therefore, with furprizing dexterity, in order to con- 
 ceal the head, diifred it from one to another, till it was 
 conveyed out of fight ; endeavouring, at the fame 
 time, 10 convince us by figns, that no fiich thing was 
 in their polTcllion. They then left the diip, and went 
 on (hore, not without fome vilible fi ns of difpk-afure. 
 In this vifit they often mentioned '^^ . name of Tupia, 
 and upon being infonned he died at Bat.ivia, fome of 
 them with much concern enquired •.vhether wc killed 
 him, or if he died a natural death. By thcfc c]uif- 
 tions, wc concluded thefe Indians were fome ol the 
 fame tribe who had vifited the EnJca\our'i >-ompnny. 
 They returr.id in the afternoon, with filli and fern 
 roots, which they bartered for nails, to thcni the mod 
 valu.iblc articles j but the man and woman w ho had the 
 head were not anwng them. Having i\ csralogtie of 
 wonis in their language, we called fevcral ihing.s by 
 name, at which they iccmed much fiirprizcd, and of- 
 fered a quantity of filh iot the catalogue. On Satur- 
 day the lOth about eight in the nwrning, five double 
 canoes came along-fiae the Adventure, with aliout 
 filiy Indians, at the head of whom was their chuf Wc 
 purthafcd of them, for nails, and bottles, their imple- 
 ments of war, done hatchets, cloth, &c. upon ^'Adx 
 tliey fet a high price. Several of their head men raraa 
 
 on 
 
 *.i. 
 
 ':i\ 
 
 
 V) 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 
131 
 
 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i ,11* 
 
 ■ t . 
 
 tt 
 
 :j t* 
 
 ir . f 
 
 *. 
 
 fii 
 
 oh tKMrd, nor would cliey quit the (hip by fair meant ( 
 but u(>on prcfcnting a niufquet with a bayonet Hxcd, 
 they quickly took leave of us, feeniingly in uttit good 
 humour ; and atb rwards they viliccd us daily, bringina 
 with them lilh in abundance, which they exchanged 
 for nails, beads and other tritlcs. They behaved quite 
 peaceably, and, having difpofcd of their caigoci, de- 
 parted at all times, fcemincly, well pleafed. We now 
 placed a guard on little ilTand, which, at low water, 
 IS joined to Mortuara, called the Hippah, at which 
 place was an old fortified tow n, that had been aban- 
 doned by the natives. We took poflcflion of their 
 houfes, and by finking a fort within fide, nude them 
 very (omfortahle. Here our aftronomer crctftcd his eb- 
 fervatory ; at the fame time wc tlruck our tents on 
 Mortuara ; and having run farther into the cove with 
 the fliip, we moored her for the winter, on the weft 
 fhore, and gave her a winter coat to prcfcrvc her hull ; 
 then after lending adiorc the fpars and lumber of the 
 decks to be caulked, wc pitched our tents near the 
 river, at the watering-place. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 1 1 th of May, fcvcral of our crew, 
 who were at work on (horc, very fenfiWy felt thefltock 
 uf an earthquake, froi;i which circumftance wc think 
 it probable, that there are volcanos in New Zealand, as 
 thefc pha-noniena generally go together. On the 1 3th, 
 the weather continuing fair, and the Indians friendly, 
 the Captain and oHlccrs were preparing to go afliore, 
 when about nine A. M. no left than ten canoes came 
 padling down the .Sound. Wc counted one hundred 
 and twenty natives all armed. When along-lidc of the 
 (hip, they cxprcllcd a dclirc to be admitted on board; 
 but Capt. Furncaux, not liking their looks and gef. 
 turt^i, g;u c orders, that a few only fhould be admitted 
 at a time. 'Ihcfc behaved fo diforderly that thcfailors 
 were obliged to turn them out, and it now appeared 
 plainly 'hat the intentions of our vifitors were to make 
 thtmlclvts mailers oi the iliip ; however, (inding the 
 crew to be upon their guard, they became more civil, 
 but not lulore a j^rcat gun was difcharged over their 
 headii, which alone intimidated them. Ik'ing thus re- 
 duced to order, the people on board pnxluced fevcral 
 articlds, fuch as beads, fmall clafp knives, IcilFars, 
 iloth, paper, and other triries, which they bartered 
 liir hattif axes, fpeais, weapons of various Ibrts, (ifh- 
 hooks, and otiicr curiolitics, the manufacture of the 
 country. Ik-ing \i(ibly liifappointcd in the execution 
 of their grand dclign, they KK>k to their canoes, all 
 gabbling together in a language, a word of which no 
 line on board could underllaml : but previous to their 
 #i-parturc, the capisin and oilicers made prcfcnts to 
 thole among them \\ho appeared to Ix: their chiefs, 
 wimh they accepted with great apparent fatisfasH ion. 
 
 I'hree months wen- now elapfed linrc the Adventure 
 \fi\} light of the Rifolution ; but on the 17th ihc was 
 Ifci) at Jackfon Point. We immediately fent out boats 
 to her allillance, it bciiv^ calm, to tow her into the 
 Sound. In the evening llie anchored about a iiule 
 nitluiut Us, and next morning weighed and uarped 
 \uihm u.i. The pleal'ure the ihips companies telt at 
 meeting can only be conceived by thofc who have been 
 in like circumltances, each were as eager to relate as 
 the others were to hear. Having thus related the pro- 
 grcl's of the Adventure, we now come to record the 
 rranlactions of both (hips after their iuncltion. It were 
 •little more than a rejictition of the Adventure's dillrelles 
 to reiap;.ulatc the elleots of the boilkrous weather that 
 were felt by the crew of the Refolution ; txring fomc- 
 timcs furroundcd with iflanJs of ice, out of which they 
 could onK extricate thenifclves In' the utmod exertion 
 of ihcir IkiU in fcaiiianfliip, (()metimes involved in 
 llicets of licet and fnow, anil in mirts fo dark, that a 
 man on the forecalUe eould no: be fccn from the quar- 
 ter ileck ; fumctimcs the fca rolling mountains high, 
 while the runninj^t.Kkle. made biittK by the feverity of 
 the froft, was frequently fnapping, and fomctimcs rcn- 
 ilercd immoveable. Amidit the hardlliips of fuch a 
 intvcrfe, there is nothing more a(b)ni(hing, than that 
 tjie crew (hould continue in perfcit health, (carcc a man 
 being lo ill u to be incapable of duty. Nothing can 
 I 
 
 li 
 
 redound mon/ to the honour of Capt. Cook, than Ihh 
 paying Lortii^uUr attention to the prefcrvation of health 
 amftng his company. By obferving the ftridleQ difci, 
 pline from the higheft to the lowed, his cominandt 
 were duly obfcrved, and puniSuallv executed. When 
 the fervicc was hard, he tempered the feverity thereof 
 by frequently relieving thofe employed in die pertbrm- 
 ance, and haWnp all lutnds at command, he wu never 
 under the ncceflity of continuing the labour of any f« 
 of men beyond what their ftrength and their fpirit* 
 could bear. Another neccflary precaution was, that in 
 fine or fettled weather, the captain never fuflered any 
 of his men to be idle, but conftantly einployed the ar- 
 mourers, the carpenters, the profcfTed navigators, foie- 
 maftmen, &c. in doing fomething each in his own 
 way, which, though not immediately wanted, he knew 
 there might be a call for before the voyage was com- 
 pleted. Having by this means left no fpare time for 
 gaming, quarrellii^ or rioting, he kept them in ac- 
 tion, and puniflicddrunkenncfs with the utmoft feve- 
 rity J and thus bv pcrfcvcring in a ttady line of con- 
 dud, he was enabled to keep the fca till reduced to a 
 very fcanty portion of water 1 and when he defplircd 
 of finding any new land, and had fully fatisfied himfrif 
 of the non-cxiftence of any continent in the quarter he 
 had traverfed, he diredled his courfe to Cnarlotte's 
 Sound, the place appointed for both (hips to rcndcz-< 
 vous in cafe of feparation, and appeared otf the fame, 
 (as has been already related) on Tuefday, the 1 8th of 
 "'ay, 1773, and here wc difcovcred our confort the 
 Adventure, by the (ignals (he made to us, an event every 
 one in both (hips felt with inexpreflibic fatisfiidion.' 
 
 The next morning after our arrival, being Wednef- 
 day, the 19th, Capt. Cook went oft" in the boat, at 
 day-break, to gather fcurvy grafs, celery, and other 
 vegetables. At breakfaft time he returned w ith a boat 
 load, enough for the crews of both (liips ; and knou - 
 ing their falutary cflicacy in removing fcorbuiic com- 
 plaints, he ordered that they lliould be boiled with 
 wheal and portable broth, every morning for breaktad, 
 and with pcafe and broth for dinner, and thus drelTed 
 they arc extremely beneficial. It was now the Cap- 
 tain's intention to vifit Van Dicmen's land, in order to 
 detenninc whether it made a part of New Holland ; 
 but as Capt. Furncaux had cleared up this point, it waa 
 refulvcd to continue our refearchcs to the ca(l between 
 the latitudes of 41 dcg. and 46 deg. In confequencc 
 of this determination Capt. Cook ordered out his men 
 to alTift the crew of the Adventure in preparing her 
 for fea. He was induced more efpccialiy to this, lie- 
 caufe he knew rcfrelhments were to be prtKurcd at the 
 Society Iflcs. Ontheaoth, wc vilited the fortificati- 
 ons of the natives where the obfervatory was fixed. It 
 is only acceffiblc in one place, and there by a narrow, 
 difticult path, being (ituated on a (lce|) rock. The 
 huts oi the natives iTood promifcuoudy within an in- 
 clofurc of pallifadoes ; they confilU-d only of a roof, 
 and had no walls. I'erhaps thcfe are only occalionat 
 abodes, w hen the Indians find themfelvcs in any dan- 
 ger. Capt. Furncaux had planted before our arrival, a 
 great quantity of garden feeds, which grew vcrv well, 
 and produced plenty of fallad and European greens. 
 This day C^apt. C<»k lent on (horc, to the watering- 
 place, near the Adventure's tent, the only ewe and ram 
 remaining of thofc we brought (rom the Cape of (iood 
 Hope. On the nil wc went over to Long Ifland. 
 w hich conlifts of one long ridge, the top nearly level, 
 and the (ides (Veen. Fierc we (i^und various kindK of 
 (lone, and fowcd iJi(ferent kinds o( garden feeds u{X)n 
 fome f\ynt% which wc cleared (or that purpofe. On 
 Saturday, the lad, we (bund the ewe and ram dead, 
 whofe dea'h we fuppofcd to have been occafioned by 
 fome poifoiwus plants. About noon we were vilited by 
 two final! canoes in w hich were five men. They dined 
 w ith us, and it was not a little th;y devoured. In the 
 evcn'ng they were difmiffed with pirfcnts. ITiey re- 
 fembled the people of Dulky Bay. t)ut were much more 
 familiar, and did not appear concerned at feeing us, 
 which was probably owing to their having before vilited 
 the crew of the Advcntur j. Sonic of our crew made 
 
 uis 
 
cook's second VOYACJK— lorimkinRDifcovcricJ in the 5«//A 5m/ & Round the A'///. 133 
 
 ufc of their canoes- to fct themfclvci athorc, on which 
 they complained to the Captain 1 nnd, upon their ca- 
 noes being reftorcd, they feemed highly delighted. 
 
 On Monday the a4th, early in the morning, Mr. 
 Gilbert, the maftcr, wa» dirpatched to found about the 
 rock we had difcovercd in the entrance of the found 1 
 at the fame time^Capt. Cook, accompanied by Capt. 
 Furncaux and Mr. Forfter, fct off in a boat to the well 
 bay on a (hooting party. They n>ct a large canoe, 
 in which were 14 or 15 people ; and the firit (juelUon 
 they aflced was concerning the welfare of 'iupia. Ifc- 
 ing told he was dead, they cxpreflcd fome concern. 
 The feme enquiry, as has been obfcrved, was made of 
 Capt. Furneaux when he firll arrived, and on our 
 getting aboard in the evening, we were informed, that 
 lome Indians in a canoe, who were ftrangers to our 
 iKopIc, had alfo enquired for Tupia. Mr. Cilbert 
 navmg founded all round the rock, which he found to 
 be very fmall and Hcep, returned Lite in the evening. 
 This day the Kcfohition received another vilit from a 
 family who came with no other intent than partaking 
 of our food, and to get fome of our iron work. We 
 wanted w know their names, but it was a long time 
 before we could make them underftand us. At laft we 
 found that the oldeft was called Towahanga, and the 
 others Kotugha-a, Koghoaa, Khoaa, Kollakh, and Tau- 
 pua|)enia. The laft was a boy about twelve years of 
 aj;e, very lively and intelligent. He dined with iiii, cat 
 voracioully, and was very fond of the crull of a pie 
 made of wild fowl. He did not much relilh Madeira 
 w ine which the captain gave him, but was very fond of 
 fome fweet Cape wine, which elevated his fpirits and 
 his tonp^ie was perpetually going. lie very much 
 wanted the captain's boat cloak, and feemed much 
 hurt at a refufal. An empty bottle and a tuble-clorh 
 being alfo denied him, he grewexceedirg angry, and 
 at length was fo fullen, that ne would not fpeak a word. 
 On Saturday the 29th inllant, a great number of natives 
 furrounded us w ith canoes, who brought goods to ex- 
 change, for which they got good returns, owing to the 
 cagernefs w ith which our failor^i outbid each other, all 
 of them being delirous of having Ibmc of the produc- 
 tions of this country. Among thefe Indians we faw 
 many women whole lips were of a blackilh hue, and 
 their checks were painted with a lively red. They had 
 large knees, and (lender bandy legs, owing to want of 
 cxcrcife, and lilting in their canoes crofs legged. 
 Thefe ladies were very .igrccable to our crews, who had 
 no opportunity of indulging an intercourfc with other 
 Koincn liiue our departure from linglami; and they 
 foon found out, that chartity was n t a dilUnguifliing 
 pan of their charader. Their confent was ealily pur- 
 tliafcd: a fpike nail, or an old lliiit, was a fuHicient 
 bribe: the lady was then left to make her man happy, 
 and to exact from him another prefent for herfelf. We 
 muft obfirvc to the credit of fome of ihcfe women, and 
 to the difrrcdit of their men, that fevcral of the former 
 i'.ibinitted to this proftitution with much fccniing re- 
 luchuKc ; and they wcrefometimes terrified into a com- 
 pliance iiy th authority and even menices of the 
 men. The New Zealanders encoutuf;ed by the gain of 
 this ilifgraceful commerce, went thr()Uj,'h both the (hips, 
 olTeriiigiheir daughters and fillers to the proniifcuous 
 embraces of every one for iron, tools, A:c. but the mar- 
 fieil women were not obliged to carry on this infamous 
 kind of irathr. Indeed it feems to be an edabiiihed 
 curtnm in New /'ealand for a girl to bellow her iiivour 
 on a number of men, without the lead infringement on 
 her character J but after m, riage, the ftrictclT conjugal 
 fidelity i- expected frciu her. Sketches of the moll 
 eharaClerirtic of their ti>ce» were taken by our draughtf- 
 mcn. Several of the old men in particular, had very 
 exprelli\e cimntenanccs; and fome of thevoung one's 
 looked very lavage, owing to rhcir biilliy hair hanging 
 over their faces. Their drof. is like what is exactly 
 defcribed in our copjw-f hrn for this work. In the 
 evening they all went on luoir, imd --eelrd temporary 
 huts oppolite to the (hipsi. H:,i d.. , made fires, and 
 prepared their fuppcrs, which eonlilKd of frelli filh, 
 w huh they caught with great dexterity. One of thefe 
 ,No. 15. 
 
 Indians Capt. Cooit took over to Mortuara, and flicwed 
 him fome {wtatocs, in a thriving condition, which 
 were planted by Mr. Fannen, maftcr of the Adventure. 
 The man was fo well pleafcd with tliem, that of hi'* 
 own accord, he began to hoc up the earth round the 
 plants. He was tncn conduced to other plantations 
 of turnips, carrots, and parfnips, of which it was eafy 
 to give them an idea, by comparing them with fuch 
 roots as they were well acuuainted with. We mull 
 further remark of thefe people, that not any of our me- 
 thods of fifliing arc equal to theirs. 
 
 On the 30th inflant, we went over to lx)ng Ifland, 
 to colleift fome hay which the crews had made, and to 
 bring fome vegetables on board. In this trip we found 
 feveral new plants, and Ihot fome fmall birds, which 
 we had not feen before. In the afternoon, leave was 
 given to fome of our failors to go on fliore, where 
 they again piirchafed the embraces of the women. 
 Thefe fellows muft have lieen very keen indeed, or , 
 they would have been difgulled with the imcleanlinefs 
 of their doxies, all of whom had a difagieeable fmell, 
 which might be fcenteil at a confiderable diftancei 
 and their clothes as well as hair fwarined with vermin 
 to a very gre.it degree ; which they occalionally cracked 
 Ix-twecn their teeth. It is furprizing how men, who 
 had received a civilized education, could gr.itily the 
 animal appetite with fuch loathfome creatures. VVhile 
 this party were on ftiore, a young woman on board ftolc 
 one of our feamcn's jackets, and gave it a young man 
 of her own tribe; upon the failor's taking it from the 
 Indian, he received feveral blows on the fai.e by the 
 young fellow's lift. At lirft the failor took this as in 
 joke, but upon perceiving thcafliiiLmt to be m earneft. 
 It. gavf iiim a hearty Englifti drubbing, and maile him 
 cry out t(>r quarters. At this time Capt. Cook con- 
 tinued his employment of lowing, in diircreiu fpots 
 cleared for th- purpofe, all forts of vcgetaSlcs that he 
 thought wouK' grow in this country, lucii as potatoes, 
 beans, peas, t jrn, &c. 
 
 OnTuefday the ill of June, we were vilitid by fe- 
 veral natives whom we had not feen before, and who 
 brought with them fundry new articles of commerce j 
 among thefe were dogs, fome of which we puich.ifcd. 
 Of thefe people we law a few oddly marked in their 
 faces, by ipiral lines deeply cut in them. Such kind 
 of marks were very regular in the face of a middle-aged 
 man, named Tringho Waya, who appeared to be a 
 perlbn of note, and to have autluirity over his brethren. 
 This company feemed to underftand [)erfeclly well how 
 to trallic, and did not like we fliouUl make hard bar- 
 gains. Some of them entertained us with a dance on 
 the quarter deck, previous to w hich they parted w ith 
 their upper garments, and ftood in a row. Thev fung 
 along, and its chorus all loj^'thcr, making during the 
 performance many frantii. gcllurLj. Mufic accom- 
 panied this fong and dince, but is w.is not >cry 
 narmonious. 
 
 On Wednefday the 2d, we fet afticre on the caft-fidc 
 of the found a male and a female goat. The Litter, 
 which was nuire than a year old, had two line kids, 
 that were killed by the cold fome time btforc wcLiriivud 
 in Dulky Bay. Cipt. Furneaux likewile put on llicre, 
 in Cannibal Cove, a boar and two breeding lows, wliicli 
 were left to range in the woods at pleafure. Should 
 they remain unmolefted by the natives till they become 
 wild, they will then be in nodanf,er. and in time this 
 country may be flocked with thefe ul'eful aniviv.ils. In 
 an excurlion made this day by fome of j)iir people to 
 the call, they met with the iargeft leal they had ever 
 feen. They difcovered it fwimming on the furlacc of 
 the water, and got near enough to fiie nt it, bur without 
 elfed i ami after purfuing it near an hour, tliey were 
 obliged to give over the chafe. By the lize of thi» 
 animal, it probably was a fca-lioneli> ; Capt. Cook was 
 of this opinion from having feen a fca-lioti when he 
 entered this found, in his lormer voyage ; and he 
 thought thefe creatures had their abode in liiiiie of the 
 rwks. that lie off Aeimiralty Bay, and in the ftrait. 
 On the -^d, fome boats were lent to I.ong liland, to 
 bring away the retiuinder of the hay, and ;>ur carpenter 
 3 L went 
 
 1^ 
 
«J* 
 
 Ctpt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ! i- 
 
 m 
 
 ^ U 
 
 went ever to the eaft-fide of the found, to cut down 
 fimie fpn. which were much wanted. On their re- 
 turn, one of the boatt wu chafed by a targe double 
 canoe, containing above Rhy men. Prudence diifhtcd 
 to efftdl an efcape by faihng, for thou|(h the Indians 
 might have no hodile intentions, yet this wu a neccf- 
 farv caution. 
 
 Friday the |th of June, being hit Majefty's birth< 
 day, we hoifted our colours, and prepared to celebrate 
 the day with the ufual fcftivittcs. Early in the morn- 
 inp our friends brought us a large fupply of filh. One 
 of them promifed to accompany us in our voyage, but 
 afterwards altered his mind, u did alfo fome others 
 who had made a like promife to the people of the Ad- 
 venture. It was very common for thefe people to 
 bring their children with them, not with the unnatural 
 intention of felling them, M was reported, but in ex- 
 peifUtion that we would make them prefcnts. A man 
 Drought his fon, a boy about ten years of age, and pre- 
 fentcd him toCapt. Cook, who thought .it firft he 
 wnnicd to fell him : but we foon found tne deflre of the 
 tsithcr was inclined only towards a white (hirt, which 
 was given to his Ion. The boy was fo highly dclighteil 
 with nis new garment, that he went all over the Ihip, 
 prcfenting himfelf before every one who came in his 
 way. This freedom, or perhaps the colour of his drefs, 
 or the boy's an . gedures, offer Jr \ old Will, the ram 
 goat, \vho by a fudckn butt knocked him backwards 
 on the deck. The Ihirt was dirtied ; the misfortune 
 fcei^ed irrepar'blc to the boy, who feared to appear 
 be', re li.^ fnth.' in the cabbin. until brought in by Mr. 
 Forfter i vhcjihrtrld .i very lamentable ftory againlt 
 Crourf y, . he JL^rcai I'log (for fo they called all the quad- 
 ri'^jeds wt ha«i a'ocjrd) nor would he be reconciletl till 
 Ihs ibirt 'Hi walhed and dried. From this trifiint' 
 Jlorv ii'iy lie I'etn ho> liable we are to miflake theft 
 nccpU .1 ii,-aning ,i.iid to afcribe to them cuftoins they 
 ■>r(. ut'rr <lranj.v js to. This day a large double canoe 
 ai prt»^:hci.', veil manned: it came within niutkct flut, 
 aK,i contaiiicif alwur thirty men. Our fiicrds on boaru 
 toifl us rhcy w^re enemies very carnefliy. Amonp 
 li'-:'?": nc ' viCicors, or>'- ftood af the head of the canoe, 
 and another at . .)c ftern, while the roll kept their feats 
 One of them held a green bough, the New Zealani' 
 flag in his hand, and fpoke a few words. The othei 
 made a locq ha.Tingue, in folcmn and well articulated 
 founds. Biitiig invited aboard, he at lall ventured, 
 and was followed foon by the reft, who eagerly traded 
 with us. They direvflly faluccd the natives on board, by 
 an application of their nofes, and paid the fame compli- 
 fticnt to the gentlemen on thequarter-deck. The chiefs 
 name was I'eiratu. They all enqtyred for Tupia, and 
 were much concerned at hearing of his death. Thefe 
 ncoplc were taller than any we had hitherto feen in 
 New Zealand, and their drefs and ornaments bef|X)ke 
 them fupcrior to the inhabitants of Queen Charlotte's 
 Sound. I'heir tools were made with great attention, 
 and were elegantly carved : we obtained a few of thefe, 
 and alfo fome mufical indruments from them. They 
 made but .-v fliort ftay, and, embarking, they a'! v ent 
 o\er to Mortuara, where, by t'.ie help of our g'\[le\ we 
 difcovcred four or five canoes, and feveral people on the 
 fhorc. About noon Ca[.t. Cook, accompanied o levera! 
 other gentlemen followed them, and were rec( \\ ^ wit'n 
 t\cry iTiaik of friendihip. "The capuin d f ributcd 
 feveral pnlcnts, among which were a great ni i -"ber ot 
 brafs nicii.ils inHribcd with the king's title or or • f?de, 
 ami the llilp « hich undertook this voyage an the other. 
 
 i'eiratu appeared to be the chief among thefe people, 
 by the great degree of rcfpcdl i ..d him. Capi C> ok 
 condii(fled Teiratu to the garden he had planted, at.'d 
 obtained a promilc from him that he would not fuifer 
 it to be derfroyed. 
 
 Karly in the morning of the 7th of June, we failed 
 from thi? place in company with the Adventure, but 
 had frequent hindrances from contrary winds. On the 
 twenty-fccond of July we were in lat. 32 deg. 30 min. 
 long. 1.}-} deg. 40 min. W. And now the weather was 
 (0 v.arm, that we ucic obliged to put on lighter cloaths. 
 We did not fee a finglc bird this day, which was 
 .1 
 
 rather remarkable, as not one da^ had hitherto palTcd 
 fince we left the land without feeing feveral. Capt. 
 Cook having heard that the crew of the Adventure 
 were fickly, went on board the 39th of July, when he 
 found the cook dead, and 20 men ill with the fcurvy 
 and flux. Only three men were on the (ick lift on 
 board the Refolution, which was certainly owing to the 
 captain's abfolutelv enforcing the eatiiig celery and 
 fcurvy-grafs with the food, though at firft the crew did 
 not like it. 
 
 All hopes of difcoverins « continent now vanifhed, 
 as we had got to the nortnward of Caut. Carteret's 
 tradls, and we only expeded to fee iflands till our 
 return to the S. Every circumftance confidercd, we 
 were induced to believe that there is no Southern Con., 
 tinent between New Zealand and America ; it is very 
 certain that this palToge did not produce any fure ligns 
 of one. 
 
 On the 6th of Auguft, Capt. Fumeaux came on 
 board the Refolution to dinner, and rcponed, that his 
 people were n\uch better, that the flux had ouite left 
 them, and that the fcurvy was at a ftaml. The 
 fcorbutic people had been well fupplieJ with cyder, 
 which in a great meafure contribute' to this happy 
 change. I^ind appeared to the fou^n on the eleventh 
 inOant at day break, which we jirdged to be one of 
 thofc iflands difcovered by Monf. Bougainville. Wc 
 called it Refolution Ifland, it lies in the latitude of 17 
 deg. 24 min. longitude 141 deg. 39 min. W. Wc 
 did not flay to examine ir, as it did not appear large 
 enough to fupply our wants j we therefore determined 
 to make the belt of our way to Otaheite, where wc 
 were fure of a plentiful fupply cf refreflimenrj. In 
 the evening wc faw land again, which in all probability 
 was anothcrof Monf. Bougainville's difcoverics. This 
 wc called Doubtful Ifland. On the morning of the 
 1 2th inllant at day-break, we difcovered land at abouc 
 two miles ahead of us, fo that we were advifed of our' 
 danger but juft in time. This was another fniall half 
 dro« ned ifland. The fea broke againft it in a dread- 
 ful furf. This ifland is in latituTc 17 deg. j min. 
 longitude 143 deg. 16 min. W. We called it Fur- 
 ncaux Ifland. On the 17th, wc faw another of thefe 
 iflands in latitude 17 deg. 4 min. longitude 144 dtg. 
 30 min. W. It is with very great propriety that 
 Monf. Bougainville calls thefe low overflowed iflands 
 the Dangerous Archipelago. Wc were under the ncccf- 
 fity of proceeding with the utmolt caution, efpecially 
 in the night, as we were furroundcd by them, which 
 the fmoothncfs of the fea fuflieicntly indicated. On 
 the 14th, wc found ourfelves clear of^th.fe iflands, and 
 ftcered our courfe for ()LD'icite. Wc faw Ofnaburg 
 Ifland (which was difco'\ii,ii by Capt. Wallis) ontho 
 t5th, at five in the monang, and acqur'iit d Capt. 
 Fumeaux that it was our intention tc | Jt ini^ Oati- 
 piha Bay, near the fouth end of Otaheite, and get what 
 refreflimcntc we c.^u.d in that paitof the illand, before 
 '*e went to Matp.vii. 
 
 On the «'!». wc were within a Itugue of the reef. 
 On accr unt of the breeze failing us, we hoifted out 
 our boats to tow the fliips ofl", but the <■ nld not keep 
 us "rom being carried toft near thv, i.;' Many in- 
 habitants came on board from diflercnt parts, who 
 brought fr-its, &c. to exchange; ri xy molt of them 
 knew ( ■ pt Cook again, and enqu- < 1 .ur Mr. Banks 
 and otic rs, hut none of them aik^d tor Tupia. Our 
 fuuation became ftill more dangerous as the calm con- 
 tinued. On fendii^ to examine the weftem point of 
 the reef, in order to get round that way into the bay, 
 we found that the/e was not fuflicicnt depth of water. 
 Both fliips were carried with great iinpetuofity towards 
 the reef, and all the horrors ot fliipwreck now flared us 
 in the face. The breakers were not two cables IciyH 
 from us, and wc could find no bottom to anchor. 1 k 
 Refolution came at three fathoms water, and ftruck at 
 every fall of the fea, but the Adventure brouf h* up 
 under our bow without ftriking. The dreadK ' urf 
 which broke under our fiern threatened our fhipw c.A 
 every moment. At length we found ground a little 
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COOK.*! SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriis in the Snuth Seas & Round the World. 1 35 
 
 vmif the bower anchor, and the ride ccafed to adirtthe 
 Sum ditefiion. We happily towed offthc Refolution, 
 and all the boati were ordered to aflift the Adventure. 
 Wc happily got once nwre fafe at fea, after narrowly 
 taping ftiipwreck. A number of the natives were on 
 board Se fliipi while we were In thii perilous fltuation, 
 but were totaHy infenfible of any uanger, even while 
 we were ftriking, and when ihr / parted with us they 
 feemed quite unconcerned. Wc anchored in Oati-piha 
 Bay, veiy near the ihore, and were viiitcd by a great 
 number of the natives, who brought roots, fruit, &c. 
 ' Prefents were made to their chiefs of (hirts. axes, and 
 other articles, in return for which they promifed hogs, 
 fowls, &c. but we believe they never mtendcd to keep 
 their promifc. In the afternoon. Captains Cook and 
 Fumeaux landed to found the difpofuion of the natives, 
 and to view the watering-place. The natives behaved 
 with great civility, and we had a very convenient 
 fupply of water. 
 
 Wc recovered the Refolution's bdwer Anchor, which 
 we were obliged to leave ; but the Adventure loft three 
 in the time of our extremity, which were never recover- 
 ed. We were ftill dipplied with fruit and roots, but 
 not in large quantities. A party of men were trading 
 on Ihore, under the protecflion of a guard. We could 
 not get any hogs from the natives, though plenty were 
 (aid to be feen about their habitations, they all faid they 
 bclonged-to Wahcatow, their chief, whom we had not 
 fe?n. A man who pretended to be a chief came on 
 board with feveral of his friends, to whom prefents 
 were made, but he was detc&ed in handing feveral 
 things over the quarter gallery ; and as complaints of 
 the fame nature were alledged againft thole on the 
 deck, the capuin took the liberty to turn them all 
 out of the fhip. The captain was fo cxafperated at 
 the condud of the pretended chief, that he fired two 
 mufquets over his head, which terrified him fo much, 
 that he quitted his canoe and took to the water. On 
 fending a boat to take up the canoe, the people from 
 the ihore pelted the boat with Hones. The captain 
 went himlelf in another boat to proted her, he likewife 
 ordered a cannon loaded with ball to be Hred along 
 the coaft, which-tcrrificd them fufliciendy, arid he 
 brought away the canoes without any oppoiition. 
 They foon became friends again, and the canoes were 
 returned. Two or three people began to enquire after 
 Tupia, but ; hey were foon fatisfied when they heard the 
 caufe of his death. Several people afkra for Mr. 
 Banks, and other people who were at Otaheite with 
 Capt. Cook before. We were informed by thefe pco- 
 ple^ that there had been a battle fought between the 
 two kingdoms, that Toutaha, the regent of the greater 
 
 fcninfula, was (lain, and that Otoo reigned in his (lead, 
 n this battle Tubourai, Tannaide, and feveral of our 
 old friends fell. A peace was now fully eftabliihed. 
 
 On the 19th, the two commanders made an excur- 
 iion along the coaft, and were entertained by a chief 
 (whom mey met) with fome excellent fifh, &c. to 
 whom in return they made feveral prefents. On the 
 20th, one of the natives fliblr a gun from the people on 
 ihore. ' Some of the natives purfucd him of their own 
 accord, who knocked him down and twought back the 
 mufquct. Wc imi^ine that fear operated more with 
 them in this bufinos than any other motive. On the 
 3ift, a chief came to viiit us, who brought in a pre- 
 fent of fruit, which proved to be fome cocoa-nuta that 
 we had drawn the water from and thrown overboard. 
 He had io artfully tied them up, that we did net foon 
 difcovcr the deceit. He did not betray the leaft 
 cknotion when we told him of it, and opened two «r 
 three of them himfelf, as if he knew nothing of the 
 matter; he then pretended to be fatisfied that it was 
 really fo, and went on (horc, from whence he fe*tt fome 
 bananoeg and plantains. Wc were informed that 
 Waheatow was come into the neighbourhood, and 
 wilhed to fee Capt. Cook, who accordingly went in 
 company with Capt. Fumeaux and fome gentlemen: 
 they Were likewifealiended by fome natives. About a 
 mile fixxn the laitdif^ place th-y met the chief, ad- 
 • vincing to meet them with a numerous tnin. When 
 
 the prince perceived the company, he halted. He 
 knew Capt. Cook vety well, as they had feen each othe^ 
 feveral times in 1769. He went at that time by the 
 name of Tcrace,andtook his father's name at his death. 
 We fbund him fitting on a ftoOl ; and as foon as the 
 ufual faluution was over, he feated Capt. Cook on 
 the fame (hx>l with himfelf s the reft fat on the ground. 
 He enquired after feveral who had been on the former 
 voyage, and feemed forty when we told him we muft 
 fail me next day, offering the captain that if he would 
 ftay he (hould have hogs m plenty. Capt. Cook made 
 him many prefents, and ftaid with him the whole 
 morning. This party returned onr board of fhip to 
 dinner, and made this chief ^inothei* Vifit in the after- 
 noon, made him more prefents, and he mve us two 
 hogs. At the different trading places Tome ethers 
 were gOt, fo that a meal's frefh pork ferved for the crews 
 of both ihips. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 34th, we put to fea, and 
 were accompanied by feveral canoes, who brought 
 cargoes of fruit for falc ; neither did they return till 
 they had difpofcd of them. The fick people on board 
 the Adventure got much relief from thefe fruits. We 
 left a lieutenant on (hore, in order to bring fome hogs, 
 which they promifed to fend by him. He returned 
 on the 35th, and brought eight pigs with him. Wd 
 arrived at Matavai Bay in the evening of the 25 th, and 
 our decks were crowded with natives before we could 
 get to anchor, almoft all of them were acquainted with 
 Capt. Cook. Otoo their king and a great crowd were 
 got together on the fhorc. Capt. Cook was going on 
 fhore to pay him a vifit, but was told that he was gone 
 to Oparce in a fright) which feemed very cxtraordinaty 
 to the captain, as all others were much plcafed to fee 
 him. Maritata, a chief, was on board, and advifed the 
 captain to defer his vifit till next morning. The cap^ 
 tain fct out on the 26th for Oparce, after having givea 
 diredions to fetch tents for the reception of the fick, 
 &c. Capt. Furneaux, Maritata and his wife, and fome 
 others, went with the captain. They were condudled 
 to Otoo as fb. .1 as they were landed, who fat on the 
 ground under a ihady tree, with a great number of 
 people around him. Capt. Cook made him feveral 
 prefents, after the ufual compliments had paffed, being 
 vety well perfuaded that it was much to his intercft to 
 eftablilh a friendfhip with this man. His attendants 
 alfo had prefents made to them, they offered cloth in 
 return, wnich was refufed, being told that what was 
 given was merely out of friendfhip. Otoo enquired for 
 all the gentlemen who had been there before, as well as 
 for Tupia, and promifed to fend fome hogs on board, 
 but was vety backward in faying he would come on 
 board himfelf, being, as he laid, much afraid of the 
 great guns., He was certainly the moft timid prince, 
 as all his a&ions dcmonftrated. He was a pcrfonable 
 well made man, fix. feet high, and about thirty years 
 of age. His ftther and all his ful^eds were uncovered 
 before him, that is, their heads and ihouldcrs were 
 made bare. 
 
 On the 37th, the king Otoo came to pay us a vifit, 
 attended by a numerous train ; he fent before him two 
 large fifh, a hog, fome finiits, and a large quantity of 
 cloth. After much perfuafion he came on board him- 
 felf, accompanied by his fifters, a younger brother, &c. 
 with many attendants, who all received prefents ; and 
 when they had breakfafted, carried them home to 
 (^aree. Upon landing, an old lady, the mother of 
 Toutaha, met Capt. Cook, feized him by both hands, 
 and, weeping bitterly, told him that her fon and his 
 friend Toutaha were dead. Had not the king taken 
 her from Qq>t. Cook, he muft have joined her lamenta- 
 tions. It was with a good deal of difficulty that the 
 captain prevailed on the king to let htm fee her again, 
 when he made her fome prefents. Capt. Fumeaux 
 gave the king a male and female goat, which we hope 
 will multiply. A lieutenant was fent to Attahourou on 
 the 28th, to purchafe lu^. The king, with his fifter 
 and fome attendants, paid us another vifit foon after 
 fun-rife, and brought with them a hog, fome fruit, and 
 fome more cloth. They likewife went on board the 
 
 Adventure, 
 
136 
 
 Capt. CO OK "8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 <:/.) 
 
 I 
 
 'I 
 
 le' 
 
 Adventure, and made Capt. Furneaux the fame pre- 
 fcnts. Soon after they returned, and brought Capt. 
 Furneaux with them. Capt. Cook made them 
 a good return for the preicnts they brought, and 
 drelFed out the king's filter to the greated advantagCi 
 The king was carried again to Oparcc, when his Ota- 
 hcitan majclly thought proper to depart, and was en- 
 tertained as he went with bagpipes and the feamen 
 dancing. Some of hit people danced alfo in imita- 
 tion of the feamen, and performed their parts tole- 
 rably well. Toutaha's mother again prcfented herfcif 
 to Capt. Cook; but could not look upon him without 
 llicddmg many tears. The next day the king promifcd 
 to vilit us agam, but faid we mud firfl wait upon him. 
 The lieutenant whom we fent for hogs returned only 
 with a promife of having fomc, if he would go back in 
 a few days. 
 
 On the tM"cnty-niuth the commanders took a trip to 
 Oparec, early in the morning, attended by fome of- 
 ficers and gentlemen, .and made the king fuch prcfents 
 as he had not before fcen. One of them was a broad 
 fword ; at the fight of which he was very much inti- 
 midated, and defired it might be taken out of his fight. 
 With a vafi deal of argument he was prevailed upon to 
 fuffer it to be put on his fide, where it remained a very 
 fliort time. We received an invitation to the theatre, 
 where we were entertained w ith a dramatic piece, con- 
 fiding of comedy and dance. The fubjedl we could 
 not well find out; though we heard frequent mention 
 of Capt. Cook's name during the performance. The 
 performers were one woman, which was no lefs a pcr- 
 fonage than the king's fifier, and five men, and tneir 
 mafic confifted of only three drums. The whole en-* 
 tertainmcnt was well conduced, and lafted about two 
 hours. When this divcrfion was over, the king de- 
 fired us to depart, and loaded us with fruit ancTfifii. 
 The king fent more fruit and filh the next morning. 
 
 In the evening of the thirtieth we were alarmed 
 with the cry of murder from the fliorc. A boat was 
 immediately armed, and fent on fiiorc, to bring off 
 any of our people who might be found there witnout 
 orders, and to difcovcr the occafionof thcdifiurbancc. 
 The boat foon returned, with a feaman and three ma- 
 rines ; others were taken, who belonged to the Adven- 
 ture, and even put under clofe confinement till the 
 morning, when they were fcverely puniflied accord- 
 to their demerits. "The people would not confefs any 
 thing, and it did not appear that any material injury 
 hai' been done. The difiurbancc might beoccafioned 
 by the fellows making too free with the women : not- 
 w ithlVanding this, the alarm was fo great, that the na- 
 tives fled from their habitations in the night ; and the 
 inhabitants of the whole coaft: were terrified. The 
 king hinifelf had tied a great way from the place of his 
 abode ; and w hen Capt. Cook faw him, he complaihcd 
 tovhim of the difiurbance. Capt. Cook prefented the 
 king with three Cape fliecp, as it was his laft vifit. 
 With this prefent he was very well pleafed, though he 
 had not much reafon to be fo, as they were allwea- 
 thcrs ; this he was made acquainted with. The king's 
 fears were now difiipated, and he prefented us with 
 three hogs, one of which was very fmall, which we 
 took notice of. Soon after a pcrfon came to the king, 
 and feemcd to fpcak very peremptorily about the hogs, 
 and we thought he was angry with him for giving us 
 fo many, and more fo when he took the little pig away 
 with him ; but wc were much mifiaken, for foon after 
 we were gone, another hog was brought to us, larger 
 than the other two. The king feemed much aflrdted 
 when Capt. Cook told him he fhould leave the ifland 
 the -next day. They embraced each other feveral times, 
 and departed. , 
 
 On the fird of September we determined to depart, 
 as the fick were nearly recovered, the neceflary repairs 
 of the fliip were completed, and plenty of water pro- 
 vided. Moft of the day was employed in unmooring 
 the (hips ; and in the afternoon the lieutenant returned, 
 who had been fent for the hogs promifed. With him 
 came Pottatou (the chief of the diftrid of Attahou- 
 nou), with his wife, to pay Capt. Cook a vifit^ and 
 4 
 
 made him a prefent of two hogs and fomc fiih. The 
 lieutenant got likcwifc two more hc^s. As the wind 
 was wefterfy, wc were obliged to difmifs our frienda 
 fooner than they withcd j but they were very weli fatis- 
 fied with the reception they met with. A young man; 
 named Porco, came on board fome hours before we got 
 under fail, and defired to go with us, to which wc 
 confcnted ; and at the fame time he alked for an axe and 
 a fpikc nail for his father, who camewith him on board. 
 They were accordingly given him, and they parted 
 with great indiftercnce, which feemcd to indicate that 
 they had deceived us, and no fuch confaii^inity fub- 
 fifted. Prefently a canoe, conduced by two men, 
 came along-fide, and demanded Porco in the name of 
 Otoo. Wc informed them that wc would part with him 
 if they would return the hatchet and fpikc nail, but they 
 faid they were aihore ; fo the young gentleman failed 
 along with us, though he wept when he faw the land at 
 our ftern. On the fccond we (leered our courfc for 
 the ifiand of Huahcinc, and the' Rcfolution anchored 
 in twenty-four fathoms water on the third in(iant, but 
 the Adventure got a(hore on the north fide of the chan- 
 nel, but (he was happily got off again without receiv- 
 ing any damage. The natives received us with the ut- 
 moft cordiality, feveral of whom came on board be- 
 fore our commanders went on (hore. Some prefcntit 
 were diftributcd amongfi them, which were gratefully 
 returned by a plentiful fupply of hogs, fruit, &c. Here 
 wc had ^ fine profped of being plentifully fupplied 
 with frefli pork and fowls, which was to us very plca- 
 fing. Two trading parties were fent aihore on the 
 fourth inftant, which were very well condudled. Capr. 
 Cook was informed that Orec was ftill aliye, and waited 
 to fee him. The commanders, with Mr. Forfter, went 
 to the place appointed for the interview, accompanied 
 by one of the natives. 1 he boat was landed before the 
 chiefs houfe, and we were defired to remain in it till 
 the necelTary ceremony was gone through. There flood 
 clofe to the (hore five young plantain trees, which are 
 their emblems of peace : tnefc were, with fome cere- 
 mony, brought on board feparately. The firfl three 
 were each accompanied by a young pig, whofc ears 
 were ornamented with cocoa-nut fibres; the fourth 
 plantain tree was accompanied by a dog. All thefe 
 had particular names and meanings, which we could 
 not underfland. The chief had carefully prefcrved a 
 piece of pewter, with an infcription on it, which Capr. 
 Cook haa prefented him with m 1 769, together with a 
 piece of counterfeit Englilh coin, which, with a few 
 beads, were all in the fame bag the captain made for 
 them ; thefe the chief fent on board. This part of the 
 ceremony being over, we were defired by our guide to 
 decorate three young plantain trees with nails, looking- 
 glalTes, beads, medals, &c. With thefe in our hands 
 we landed, and were conduced through the multitude. 
 We were dire<fled to fit down a few paces before the 
 chief, and the plantains were laid one by one before him. 
 Wc were told that one was for God, another for the 
 king, and the third for friendfhip. This being done, 
 the king came to Capt. Got>k, fell on his neck, and 
 kifTed him. A great cfiufion of tcan fell down the ve>- 
 nerable cheeks of this old man ; and if ever tears fpoke 
 the language of the heart, furcly thefe did. Prefents 
 were made to all his attendants and friends. Capt. 
 Cook regarded him as a father, and therefore prefented 
 him with the mod valuable articles he had. He gave 
 the capuin a hog, and a good deal of cloth, with the 
 promife that all his wants fhould be fupplied. Soon 
 after we returned on board, fourteen hogs were fent us, 
 with fowls and fruit in abundance. In the morning of 
 the fifth inflant we were vifitcd by this good old man, 
 who brought a hog and fome fruit ; indeed he fent the 
 captain every day ready drelTed fruit and roots in great 
 plenty. This morning the lieutenant went on ftiore in 
 fcarch of more hogs, and returned in the evening with 
 twenty-eight, and about feventy more were put-chafed 
 on (hdrc. 
 
 On Monday the fixth of September the tradii^ 
 party went on fiiore as ufual ; it only confiHed of three 
 people. Ci^t. Cook went on (hore after brcakfiill, aitd 
 
 learat 
 
COOK'a SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seat Ac Round the fVorlJ. 1 37 
 
 learnt that one of the inhabiuntt had been very infolcnt 
 and troublcfomc. This man wai flicwn to the captsKn, 
 equipped in hii war habit, and he had a club in each 
 hand. The captain took thcfe from him, as he per- 
 ceived him bent on mifchicf, broke them before his 
 face, and obliged him to retire. The captain being 
 informed that this man was a chief, became a little 
 fufpicioui of him, and fcnt for a guard. About ihis 
 time a gentleman had gone out botanizing alone ; two 
 menaflault^ him, and (tripped him of every thing but 
 his trowfera; luckily they did him no harm, though they 
 llruck him fcveral times with hi« own hanger. ~hcy 
 made off when they had done this, and another of the 
 natives brought a piece of cloth to cover him. This 
 gentleman prefentW appeared at the trading place, 
 where a nuinbcr of the natives were aflcmblcd, who all 
 fled at feeing him. Capt. Cook perfuaded (t>me of 
 them to return, aflurinc them that none fliould futTi r 
 who were innocent. When the king heard this coni- 
 
 }>laint, he and his companions wept bitterly ; and as 
 bon as his grief was alfwaged, he made a long harangue 
 to the people, telling them the bafenefs of fuch adior.s, 
 when the captain and his crew had always behaved lb 
 well to them. He then took a particular account of 
 the things the gendcman had loft, and promifed they 
 fhould be returned, if it was in his power to find them. 
 After this he dcfired Capt. Cook to follow him to the 
 boat, but the people bcmg apprehenfive of his fafct^, 
 ufed every argument to dilTuade him from it. It is 
 impoflibic to defcrilx: the grief they exprefied in the 
 
 • intrcaties they ufed j every face was bedewed with 
 tears, and every mouth was filled with the nioft dif- 
 fuafive arguments. Oree was deaf to them all, and 
 infilled on going with the captain ; when they both 
 were in the boat, he dcfired it might be put olF. The 
 only perfon who did not oppofe his going, was his 
 lifier, and fiie lhe\(cd a magnanimity of Ipirit equal 
 to her brother. We proceeded in fearch of the rob- 
 bers, as far as it was convenient by water, arid then 
 hnded. The chief led the way, travelled feveral miles, 
 and enquired after them of all he faw. We then 
 went into a cottage, and had fome refrefiiment. The 
 kiiu; wanted to proceed farther, and was with great 
 diflteulty difluaded from it by Capt. Cook. When we 
 retunied to the boat, we were met by the king's filler, 
 Vho had travelled over land to that place, accom- 
 panied by feveral other pcrfons. The king infilled 
 on going into the boat with us, as well as nis fiAer. 
 Wc returned to the (hip, and the king nude Ji very 
 hearty dinner j though his filler, according to cuftom, 
 
 * ate nothing. We made them fuiuble preients for the 
 confidence they had placed in us, and fet them alhore 
 amidd the acclamations of multitudes. Peace was 
 now perfei£Uy re-eftablilhed, provifions poured in from 
 all quarters, the gentleman's hanger and coat were 
 returned, and thus ended thefe troublefomc tranfac- 
 tions. 
 
 We went to take our leave of Oree while the (hips 
 were unmooring, and prefented him with things both 
 valuable and ufeful. We left him a copper-plate, 
 with this infcription. •• Anchored here, his^riunnic 
 Majefiy's (hips Kcfolution and Adventure, September 
 I773-" After we had traded for fuch things as we 
 wanted, we took our leave, which was a very affec- 
 tionate one. On returning to the (hips, they were 
 Xiouded, as on our arrival, with canoes fified with hogs, 
 fowls, &c. Soon after we were on board, the king 
 came, and informed us that th^ robbcn w(re taken, 
 and defired us to go on fliorc, that wc might behold 
 their exemplary punifiiment. This we (hould have 
 been glad to have done, as fo much pains had been 
 ^keh to difcover them f but it was out of our power, 
 m the Adventure was out of harbour, and we were 
 under (ail. The good old king flaid with us till we 
 ^ere near two miles out at (i;a, and then, after taking 
 another afledionate leave, parted. Dwring our (lay 
 here, we procMred.upwards of three hundred hogs, be- 
 sides fowls and fruit in great abundance. While at 
 this m*nd, Capt. Furneaux engaged a yojing man, 
 named Omai, a native of VUtca. who had been dif- 
 ' ^- 16. 
 
 poficlfcd of his property by the people of Bolabola, to 
 accompany him on his voyage. This young man ha» 
 a good underdanding, honed principles, and a natural 
 
 S'ood behaviour. But his hiltory is fo well known in 
 England, that we will not enlarge upon it. 
 
 On Wednefday the 8th, we entered the harboitr of 
 Ohamahcno 1 the natives croudcd about us with hogs 
 and fruit as foon as wc were anchored. We refuted 
 the hogs, as we had already more than wc could 
 manage t but feveral of the principal people obliged us 
 to take them whether we would or no. Wc made a 
 vifit on the oth to Oreo, who is the chief of this part 
 of the ifland of Ulitea. He expreifed great fatisfadion 
 on feeing Capt. Cook again, and defircd him to ex- 
 change names with him, which the latter agreed, tot 
 this is a didinguilhing mark of fricnd(hip. Here wc 
 traded as ufual, but the balance of trade was much in 
 our favour. On the loth, the chief entertained us 
 with 8. comedy; a very entertaining part of which was 
 a theft, committed, with amaziiigdexterity, by a man and 
 his accomplice. Bclbre the thief has time to carry off 
 the prize, he is difcovcrcd, and a fcuflic enfues ; the dif- 
 covcrcrs are vanquilhcd, and the thieves go off in 
 triumph. We returned to dinner after the play was 
 over, and as we were walking on fiiore in the evening, 
 one of the natives informed us that there were nine un- 
 inhabited iflands to the wedward. 
 
 Oreo and his fon paid us a vifit early in the morn- 
 ing of the 1 1 th of September, and brought, as ufual, 
 hogs and fruit with them. We dreflcd the youth in 
 a inirt, and fome other articles, of which he was not a 
 little proud . After day ing Ibme hours, they went alhorc, 
 and io did Capt. Cook foon after, but to another part 
 of the fiiore. When the chief heard he was landed, 
 he went of his own accord and put a hog and fome 
 fruit in the boat, ahd returned without faying any 
 thing of it to any other perfon. He afterwards came 
 with fome friends to dinner. After dinner, Po-oorau, 
 who is the mod eminent chief of the iflanJ, made us a 
 vifit. He was introduced by OrcO, and brought a pre- 
 fent with him; for which he received a handfome re- 
 turn. Wc promifed to vifit both the chiefs the next 
 morning: which we accordingly did, in company with 
 leveral gentlemen. Another play was sded, and two 
 very pretty young women pcrformea, othcrwife this 
 piece was not fo enteruining as the one wc faw be- 
 fore. 
 
 On the 14th, wc fent on (hore for a fupply of bananocs 
 and plantains, for fca fiore. Oreo ana fome friends 
 paid us a pretty early vifit, when we informed him, 
 that we would dine with him on fiiore, and defired he 
 would let us have two pigs for dinner, drefied in their 
 fafiiion. We found the floor of the chief's houfc 
 (Irewed thick with leaves, and we were (bon ieated 
 round them. Soon after the pigs came tumbling over 
 our heads upon the leaves ; and they were both fa 
 hot as fcarcclyto be touched. The table was orna- 
 mented with hot bread-fruit and plantains : we had 
 likewife a quantity of cocoa-nuts to drink. We never 
 faw yidluals drelTed cleaner nor better in our lives, and 
 it had a mod exquifite flavour, much fuperior to 
 vtdhials drelTed inour mode; how they contrived it we 
 cannot tell, but though one of thefe hogs weighed fifiy 
 poimds at lead, it was well done in every part, and not 
 too much done in an^. Oreo and his ion, with-fome 
 male friends, dined wftth us. We had a great number 
 of attendants and people who came to fee us thus dine 
 in public, to whom pieces of pork were handed. The 
 chief did not refufe his glafs of Madeira whenever it 
 came to his turn, and we never at this, or any other 
 time, faw him aifeded by it. The boat's crew took 
 the remainder when we had dined. In the afternoon 
 we were again entertained with a play. 
 
 Oo the 15th, we had a fuflicient proof of the timor- 
 ous dUpolition of thefe people. We rather wondered 
 that none of them came to the diips as ufual. We 
 were afraid that as two men of the Adventure's crew 
 (laid out all night contrary to orders, that the natives 
 had dripped them, or done them fome other injury, 
 and were afraid w; (}io^ld revenge their condudl. We 
 
Il 
 
 -38 
 
 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 went afliore, and found the neighbourhood nearly 
 defcrted. Prefently the two men made their ap- 
 pearance, and reported that they had been very civilly 
 treated. We could get no account of the caufe of thci r 
 flight, and could only learn from a few pcrfons who 
 ventured near us, that fevcral were killed and wounded, 
 and pointed to their bodies where the balli of the guns 
 went in and out. Capt. Cook was very uneafy at this 
 relation, fearing for the fafety of the pemic gone toOtaha. 
 In order to get the bed information, the captain deter- 
 mined to so to the chief himfelf, whom, after much 
 fearching ror, he found fcated under the fliade of a 
 hoUfe, with a great many people round him. There 
 
 was a great lantentation as foon as Capt. Ctx)k ap.. 
 proarhcd, the chief and all his company burfting into 
 tears. After all this piece of work, it was found that 
 the caufe of their alarm was on account of our bodta 
 being abfcnt, fuppofing that the people in them had 
 defertcd us, and that we fliould adopt violent metho«li 
 to recover them. They were fatisfied when Capt, 
 Cook afliired them there was no caufe for alarm, 
 and that the boats would certainly return. On tl.c 
 morning of the 16th, we paid the chief a vifit, who was 
 in his own houfc in perfect tramjuillity. At thi;i tiipe 
 Porco left us. 
 
 p-ts 
 
 6x:<^. 
 
 iM 
 
 \ii >: 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 A Spanijbjbit'* vijits Otabeite—Stitlf of the ijlands — Raitarkt on ibe difiui/es and rn/tms qf.th' ttativfSy—Mifahen noliant 
 fottcertiing Ibe womn, corrfffed—PaJfage^from Ulilfa to the Friendly Ijles—hhrvey's Jjknd difiOVcred—Luideiits at MiJ. 
 d!ibttrgb—the livo Jhips arrive at AmfterJam—A tlace of -worfuip dtfmM—liiddents ibal happened during their 
 
 flay at that ifland—The abwe ijlands defcribed— Their frodm—CuJlivatioii—Houfcs—CMioei — Navigation— 'Maiiu^ 
 
 failures — IVcapons—Cuftmns — Government — Religion and language if the itibaiitants. 
 
 ON the 17th of September, being Friday, we de- 
 termined to put to fca, having a good fupply of 
 all kinds of refrefhments. Before wc failed, Oreo and 
 his fon paid us a vifit. Several canoes filled with fruit 
 and hogs furroundcd us : of the latter we could re- 
 ceive no more, our decks being fo crouded with them 
 that wc could fcarcely move. In both ftiips were about 
 three hundred and fifty. Oreo and his friends did not 
 leave us till we were under fail, and camefily impor- 
 tuned us to tell them when we fliould return. Capt. 
 Cook, as many young men offered to come away with 
 us, took one on board, about 1 8 years of age, named 
 Oedidee, a native of Bolabola, and a near relation of 
 the great Opoony, chief of the idand. When wc 
 were out of the harbour and had made fail, a canoe was 
 obfcrvcd following us conduced by two men ; where- 
 upon wc brought to, and when along-fide, they deli- 
 vered to Capt. Cook a prcfent of roaded fruit, and 
 foots, from Oreo. The captain after having made 
 them a proper return fet fail to the weft, with the Ad- 
 venture in company. We fliall here give fomc further 
 account of theie iflands, fome things, which are rather 
 interefting, having been omitted in the relation of daily 
 tianfadtions and incidents. 
 
 A few days after our arrival at Otaheitc wc were told; 
 that a (hip, about the fize of the Refolution, had vifited 
 Owhaiunia Harbour, at the S. E. end of the ifland; at 
 wliich place, after having remained three weeks, flie 
 departed about three months before our arrival. Fdur 
 of the natives went away in her, whole names were 
 pebedebea, Paoodou, Tanadooee, and Opahiah. We 
 conjcfhired flie was a French ihip, but at the Cape of 
 Oood Hope, we w ere informed flie was a Spaniard, fcnt 
 Out from America. The natives of Oiaheite com- 
 clained of a diforder communicated tp them by the 
 people in this fliip, which they defcribed as affefting 
 the head, throat, and ftomach, and at l«!ngth they faid 
 it killed them. This fliip they called Pahai-jio Pcppc 
 (fliip of Peppe) and the difeafe they named Apano 
 Pcp-pe, juft as thcjr call the venereal difeafe Apano 
 Prctane (Englifti difeafe) yet to a rtan, they fay this 
 loathfomc diftcmper was introduced amohg thtm by 
 M- ^e Bougainville s and they thought he came from 
 Preune, as well as every other Ihip that touched at the 
 ifland. Wc were of opinion^ that long before thefe 
 iflandcrs were vifited by Europeans, this, or a difeafe 
 near a -kin 10 it, had exifted among theiri ; for they told 
 yg people died of a diforder, which we imagiiitedf to be 
 venereal, before that period. But be this as it may, 
 the difeafe is far lefs common among them than it waa 
 in 1769, when we firft vifited thefe ifles. 
 
 Ill the years 1767 ^nd 1768, the ifland ofOuheite, 
 u it were, fwarmed with nogs and fowls; but at this 
 fijP.Q fi was fo ill fupplied with thefe «niinals» that 
 
 hardly any thing cuild tempt the owners to part with 
 them t' and the little ftock they had fccmcd to be at 
 the difpofal of their kings. When we lay at O.iiti-pilia 
 Bay, in the kingdom ofTlarrabou, or Iclfcr Peninfula, 
 wc were given to underftand, that every hog and fo\»l 
 belonged to Waheatoua ; and that all in the kingdom of 
 Opoureonu, or the greatei- Pcninfula, belonged to OtoQ. 
 While at this ifland we got only 24 hogs m 17 dayjj 
 half of which came from tHe kings thciiifcivcs, and thf 
 other half we were inclined to think were Ipld u> \of 
 their permiflion; But with rcfpcift to all the.fruitp 
 produced in the ifland, with tViefc we were abundantly 
 lupplied, except bread-fruity which- was qot in l«afoi|. 
 Cocoa-nuts and plantains, wc got the^ mqft ofi, thp 
 latter, with a few yam* and ot^ler roots', fuppped the 
 place of bread. At Otaheitc wc procured great pleht/ 
 of apples, and a fruit rcfem^ding s^ nciiarine, <;al|«Hy 
 the natives Ahpcya. Tfhis fruit was cornmon to all the 
 ifles. Of all the fecd^ brought by Europeans to thofe 
 iflands, none thrfvicd fo well as pumpkins, but thrfe 
 they do not like. We attributed the fc^city of hoM 
 to two caufcs: firft to the great number of thefe 
 animals which have been conuimed, and carried away 
 for flock, by the fliips that have touched here of lat& 
 years ; fecpnoUr, to the frequent wars between the two 
 Kingdoms. Twq wc know have commenced fince the 
 year 1767; but at prcfent peace reigns among thein, 
 though they do not leem to entertain a cordial friend- 
 rtiip for each. Pther. We could not learn the occaiion 
 of the late war, rtdor whP were vidtorious in' the con- 
 fli(ft i but wc learnt, that in the laft. battle which 
 terminated the di(j[>ute, numbers were killed on botb 
 fides. On the part of Oppureonu, Toutaha, our very 
 good friend was killca, and feveral other chiefs. 
 Toutaha was buried in his family Mora! at Oparrec ; 
 and feveral- women of his hou'fliold, with hlis mother, 
 are how iiilder the prPt^ion, and uken, care of by 
 Otdp, the reignfng prince ; one, who. did not appear 
 to us, at fiHl, tP much advantage. We could learn bu( 
 little of Waheatoua of TiwtnbbM ; but we obfcrvcd. 
 that this prince, not more than io years of age, a{>. . 
 peared ijn public* with Ml the gravity of a man of fifty : 
 yet his fubjeds do not uncover before him, or pay hiin 
 that outward obeifance as is done toOtoo; yet they ' 
 ' (hewed him equal rcitM^fl, and when abroad, or in 
 ' council, he took upon him rather more flate. HU 
 ' attendants were a few elderly mcn» who feemed to bp 
 his printipal advilers. Such was the prefent (late of 
 Otaheite, but the other iflands, that is Huaheine.v 
 Ulietea, and^Otaha, appeared in a more flourifliing 
 condition, than they were at the time when wc firtt 
 vifited them t fince which, having enjoyed the blefling^ 
 of peace, the people poflefs not only the neccfljtri^s, but, 
 many of the luxu -s of life in great profufions biit 
 
COOK"8 SECOND V^VXCj^-^fot- making J^i/lov/N'eAn'the South Stat fc Round tlic fVorlJ. i •^ 
 
 ai wc have treated at farge of theft iflandi' ih our 
 •Journal and narrative of Capt. Cook'i firft voyage, wc 
 'ihall not trouble our reader* with uhncceflrary' repeti- 
 tion! I but only add, under this head,' new m:itter, or 
 clear up any mlftako, and feeming Inconfiftcnclcs. 
 In our firft voyage tothcfe places, we were inclined to 
 believe that tne nativw at tinus ottered to their fu- 
 prcme deity human facrificei. To clear up this mat- 
 ter the two captains. Cook and Furncaux, with IbiiK* 
 othen went to a Marai, in Matavai. In our company 
 wc had, as upon all other occalions, an intclligcnr, Tcn- 
 fible man, belonging to the Kefolution, whofpokc the 
 langtiage of the natives tolerably well. In this Marai, 
 or burying place, was a Tupapow, on which lay a dead 
 body, and fomc viands. Wc firft enquired, it' the 
 plantains, &c. before us, were fbr the Etua, and if 
 they offered to him hogs, dogs, and fowls ? They art- 
 " Iwered in the affirmative. We then, after a fe* more 
 introdutflory qucfttons, afkcd,' if th(^ facrificcd Oany 
 of the human fpecicstothe Etua? They anfwcred, yes, 
 Taata-eno, that is bad men, who they 'firft beat till 
 they were dead; but good men were not: faCriHcfcd. 
 We aflced him if arty karees were I Th«y t«^lli|d« that 
 hogs were given to Etua, and only Taata-etfo. A11 the 
 anlwers fcemed to tend to the fam6 point, artd meant, 
 that men for certain crinicl were condemned to be 
 facrificed, provided they had not whei'cwithal to re- 
 <leem themfclvcs, and fuch will gcneraUy be found 
 among the lower cla.fs of people. ,But, notwithftand- 
 ing thofc of whom tliefc enquiries \vere ihadc took 
 feme pains to explain the whole of this religious ritcyyct 
 we were not fufficiently acquainted with their language 
 to make ourfelves complete mafters of the fubjed ; but 
 wc have not the leaft doubt remaining of the certainty 
 of the fai5l, having fincc been informed by Omai, 
 that it is undoubtedly a cuftom with them to offer hu- 
 man facrifices to the Supreme Being. The object, ac- 
 cording to his account, or who ftiall be facrificed, de- 
 pends lolcly on the picafure of the high prieft, who, on 
 any folemn occafion, retires alone into the temple, and, 
 when he comes from thence, informs the people, that 
 he has fecn and talked with the Etua ; (the high prieft 
 only having this privilege) that he requires a human 
 facrifices and that fuch a particular perfon is the man, 
 "whom he names, and who immediately is killed, 
 falling moft probably a vi«flim to the prjeft's refent. 
 liicnt. . 
 
 Thefe people have a fimple, but, to ui^ a nauieous 
 Jnanner, of preparing the pbnt called Ava*ava. which 
 we have noticed in the firft part of this work.. This 
 18 prefled from the roots, ancl not from the leaves, as 
 we firft thought. The thake'rs Of th<: liqtior chew a 
 quantity of the root till it is foft and pulpy ; then every 
 one fpits the juice he has prefled out into one and the 
 lame platter. When a fuRiciency for their ufe is thus 
 procured, more or lefs W4teir is mixed with it,- ac, 
 cording totheftrength required j after which the di- 
 luted liquor is ftrained ihroiish fomc fibrous ftulf like 
 fine fliavings. Having undergone this piBceft,. jt is 
 fit for drinking, which is always done immediately. 
 It drinks flat and infipid, Jbut has a pepperifh taftc; 
 and an intoxicating quality, the cffed of which we 
 faw in one inftaqce ; however, the natives drink it, for 
 that reafon, with great moderation, and but little at 
 a time. The root is fomctimes chewed by them a$ the 
 Europeans do tobacco, and fomctimes we haye fcen 
 them eat the fame. Great quantities of this plant are 
 cultivated at Ulietea, at Ouhcite very little; but wc 
 believe there arc few iflands in this fea that do not pro- 
 duce moire or lefs of it. 
 
 ^ We muft not omit to remark here, that great injufl ice 
 has been done the women of the Society Ifles, by thofe 
 who have reprefent^ them as a race of proftitutes 
 without exception, who wil! fell their favours for gajn 
 to anyr purchafer, which is far from being trwcj for 
 the enjoyment of either the married or unmarried wou 
 mm, ot the higher and middling daffes, is a fayour as 
 difficult to be obuincd here, as in any other country 
 whatever, and even maoy women in the lower clafs will 
 
 j|dmU of no fuch fathiUaritieS. That the nmiw>rtiftn 
 
 fathiliarities. That the proportion 
 
 of proftitutes are greater than that of other toiinrrics 
 iniy be true, amrnioll of them were fuch who fit- 
 qiicntrd our ihips and tents on (hore. IJyobferving 
 tnefe t<) iriix indifcriminatcly with womrn of the firft 
 rank, wc concluded haftily, that all females were of 
 the fame turn, and that the only diffcreme was in the 
 price 1 but the truth is, as wc have more than once be- 
 fore obferved, the woman who proftitutes herfelf, does 
 not ftcm, in the popular opinion, to have committed 
 a crime, which ought to exclude her from the cflcem 
 and fociety of the community in general. It niuft be 
 confeflTcd that alt the women in this part of the world arc 
 complete cOqucts, and that few among them fix any 
 bounds to their converfation; therefore it is no wonder 
 that they have obtained the charadler of women of 
 picafure ; yet we IhoOld think it very unjuft, if the la- 
 dies of England were to be condemned in the lump, 
 tVom the condudof thofe on boafd of lliips in our na- 
 val ports, or of thoft who infcft the purlieus of Co- 
 vent-garden, and Drury-Ianc. 
 
 Rclpcding the geography of thefe ifles, we think it 
 necenary to add to what has been faid in the narrative 
 of our former voyage, that we (bund the latitude of the 
 bay of Oaitipiha, in Otahelte, to be lydcg. 46min; 
 18 fee. S. and the eaft longitude from Point Venus, to 
 beodcg.li mill. 21; fee. and an half, or 149 deg. \-\ 
 min. 24 fee. W. from Greenwich. It is highly pro- 
 bable, that the whole ifland is of greater extent than at 
 firft wc fupppfed it to be in 176^. by two miles, and 
 4 m. 3 quarters refpedtively. Whenoiiraftronomcrs 
 made their obfervations on Point Venirs, they found the 
 latitudctobe i7dcg. 29 min, 13 fee. S. whichditfcis 
 but two fcconds froili that determined by Mr. Green 
 and Capt. Cookj and its lonrritudc, namely, 149 deff. 
 34mJn.49fcc. and an half W. may be asaccuratcly 
 laid down, for any thmj^ yet known to the central y. 
 
 After out dc|>arturc iVom the Society Ides, and leav 
 ing tJlietea, it was our intention to get into the lati- 
 tudes of the iflands of Middlcburgh and Amfterdam.to 
 which end, oh Friday the lyih of September, we 
 rtecred tO the weft, inclining to the fouth, with a view 
 of getting clear of the tracks of former navigators, 
 Wc proceeded at night with great circumfpcdlon,' fre- 
 quently laying to, left wc ihould pafs any land unob- 
 lerved. On the 21ft, and theSvhole of the 22nd, wc 
 had rain, thunder, lightning; a large fwell from the 
 fouth, and the wind blew from the N. W. for feveral 
 ; dsys 5 a fign to us, that, in that diredion, no land wa4 
 near us. This was difcovercd from the maft-hcad, on- 
 Thurfday, the 23d, fttetching from S. by W. to S. W. 
 by S. We hauled tip with the wind at S. E. and found 
 it, to confift of two or three finall iflots, united by • 
 ijreakers, as- are moft of the low ifles in the fea ; the 
 ;;ioIe being ih.a triangular form, and about fix leagues 
 !(! circuit. Thia ifland is'in latitude 19 deg. 18 min. 
 . h. -and it! 158 deg. '^4 min. W. longitude. Each of 
 the fmall connedcd iflcs are cloathcd with wood, par- 
 ticularly of the cocoa-nut kind ; but we faw no traces 
 of inhabitants, and had reafon to believe there were 
 none. To thefe iflots we gave the name of Hervey's 
 Ifland, in honour of Capt. Hervey of the navy, one of 
 the lords of the Admiralty, and now earl of Briftol. 
 As the landing oh this iflc would have occafioned a de- 
 lay, wc rcfumed our courfc to the weft, in which wc 
 faw fome men of war, tropic birds, and flying flfli. 
 On Saturday, the ajth, we aga'n began to ufb our fea 
 bifcuit, the fruit being all confumed; but of frcfli pork 
 each man had every day a nccefTary allowance. On 
 Wcdnefday, the 29th, in latitude 21 deg. 26 min. 
 S. we altered our courfe at noon W. half S. 
 
 On Friday, the ift of Odober, at two o'clock P.M. 
 we made the ifland of Middlcburgh, and the next 
 morning bore up for the weft fide thereof, pa fling be- 
 tween the fame, and a fmnlUfland that lay off it, where 
 we fbunda clear channel two miles Broad. After run- 
 Uing about two thirds of its length, half a mile from 
 the (hore, we obferved it affiimed another afped, and 
 offered a pn>rpedt borii of anchorage and landing-. 
 Upon this wjlplicd in under the ifland. We were now 
 vifitcd by jib canoes, vyhich came boldly along-fide of 
 
 us. 
 
140 
 
 Capi. COOK'* VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I 
 
 ,: 
 
 
 n: 
 
 
 ut, and fcvcrol of the Indiant entered the RcfolutiM 
 wkhout hcHution i which mark of confidence deter- 
 mined ut to vifit them if poiTible. Ailcr making a few 
 tript,wc foundgood anchorage, and come to ina5nthonu 
 %yater, at three cables length from the (liore. Wc had 
 fcarccly anchored, when wc were furroundcd with 
 Indiani, fome in canoei, and fotiK fwimmins, fcvcral 
 came on board, and among them a chief, namcuTioonv, 
 to whom Capt Cook prclcntcd a hatchet, fpikc-nails, 
 and other articles, with which he was highly plcaf- 
 cd. A party of our people, in company with Tioony, 
 went on fhorr, who were conducted to a little creek 
 formed by the rocks, right abrcad of the (hips, where 
 landing was very eafy, and the boats fecure againft the 
 furf. Here wc were faluted with loud acclamations, 
 by an immcnfc croud of people, who Ihcwcd the mod 
 evident ligns of pacific intentions, not one of them 
 having Co much as a ftick, or any weapon in their 
 )unds. They thronged fo thick round the boats with 
 ploch, matting, &c. that it was (bme time before we 
 could make good our landing. Many of them, who 
 could not get near the boats, threw over the other* 
 heads whole bales of cloth, and retired immediately, 
 without either afking, or waiting to get any thing in 
 return. At length the chief caufcd them to open to 
 the right and Ictt, and make room for lu to land. We 
 were then condudlcd up to his houfe, which was fltuatcd 
 •bout 300 yards from tnc fea, at the<end of a fine lawn, 
 and under f«me (haddock trees. In the front was the 
 profped of the fea, and the (hips at anchor. Plantation* 
 abounding with the richeft produdUons of nature, were 
 placed behind, and on each fide. We were featcd on 
 mats, laid on the floor, and the natives placed them* 
 Iclvcs in a circle round on the outlidc. Having with 
 us bag-pipes, Capt. Cook ordered them to be played, 
 and in return, the chief dire<fted three young women to 
 fing a fong, which they did with an cxccoiing good 
 grace : and a few prcfcnts being didribuied amdng 
 (hefe young women, fet all the relt in the circle a (ing- 
 ing, who did not fit down unrewarded. Their fongs 
 were in no wife har(h, but on the coiurary mufical and 
 liarmonious. Having continued here fome time, at 
 our own requeft, we were condu(flcd to another plan- 
 tation, where the chief had a hou(e, into which wc 
 were introduced. Banaooet and cocoa-nuu were fet 
 before us, and a bowl of liquor, prepared in our prc- 
 lencc, of the juice ofava, in the manner already related { 
 Che latter of which was prefcnted to each of us in gups 
 made by the folding of green leaver, containing near 
 half a pint each cup; but Capt. Cook was the only 
 perfon whotafted the liquor: however the bowl was 
 foon emptied by the natives, of which both men and 
 women partook : but we obferved that the fame cup 
 was never filled twice, nor did two perfoiu drink out 
 of it ; each had a frcih cup and frefh liquor. The 
 houfe wc were now entertained in wa^ fituated ar one 
 angle of the plantation, abounding with fruit and trees, 
 whole fragrance ditfufed a plcafing odour, and the 
 fpreading branches made an agreeable fhade. Before 
 the houfe was an area, on which we were feated. It 
 being now noon, wc returned on board to dinner, with 
 the chief Tlonny in our company. Wc had 00 the 
 table frcih pork, but he eat notniiw, which we thought 
 ibmewhat extraordinary. After (unncr we again went 
 on fliore, and were received as before. Mr. Forfter, 
 with his botanical party, and fome other gentlcment 
 took a walk into the country. Our two captains were 
 condu(fted to the chief's houfe, where fruit, and fome 
 greens were fet before us. Having jufl dined wc 
 ^ould not eat much, but Oedidee and Omai did honour 
 to the defert. We now intimated a dcfire of feeing 
 the countiy, and Tioony very readily gratified our 
 wiihcs. He led us through feveral plantations, laid out 
 with great judgment, and inclofed with fences made of 
 reeds. Mod of them belonged to our hdpitable chief, 
 and were all in very good order, and planted with 
 various fruit trees, rags and very large fowls, ;he 
 oiUy domedic animals we faw, were running near the 
 houfes, and in the lanes that feparated the piantationi. 
 ^very perfon was very much plcafcd with this delight- 
 
 ful ccumtiy, tirf the fHcndly reception wc mot witli, 
 and wc much rc|mt«l, ttiM the TeaRm uf the ymLTf an4 
 other ciicumfUnces, would not permit our k>nurr (Uit. 
 In the evening we returned on board, and on Saiui^r 
 the ad ofOflober, the fhip« were croudcd with pM* 
 the whole day. trafficking in pvfcA youd order, Qn 
 the .id, early in the morning, while the (hips were pre* 
 paring to get under fail. Captains C«uk and Furncaux. 
 accompanied by Mr. Forfter, went off in the boat, to 
 take leave of our hofpiubic chief. He met u* at the 
 landing-place, and had we not cxcufed ourfclvea, he 
 would have entertained u« at hi» houfe. We thei«- 
 forc fpent half an hour with him, f^ted on the grails, in 
 the midd of a vad crowd of the natives, who fccmed to 
 vie with each other in doing what they thought would 
 give us pleafure. Having made the chief a prr&nt, 
 confiding of various articles, iic was given to unocrdand 
 that we were going 8wa)f. at which he fecmcd not at 
 all affofled. He *eM with us into our 1am, with two 
 of his friends, intending to accompany u| aboard, 
 but when he faw the Relolution under fail, he and hi* 
 companions went into a canoe, and returned on flwre. 
 It is rchiarkable. that on fhorethi* friendiv Indian never 
 made the lead nchangCt but now. during his day in 
 the boat, he bartered fidi-hooks for nails, and en- 
 groflcd the trade in a maimer wholly to himfelf. 
 
 On Saturday, OAober the 3d, as foon as Capt. Ox>k 
 came on board, we departed from Middlcbui^, and 
 made fail down to Amfterdanv. When we were alrauc 
 half w«y between the two ifles, we were met by three 
 canoes, and the people made feveral attempts to come 
 OQ board, but without ef&A, ai the rope wc threw out 
 to them broke, and we did not (hortcn fail. They 
 were likewifc unfucccfsful in boarding the Adventure. 
 We ran along the fouth-wcd coad of Aindcrdam, at 
 the didance of half a mile from the (horc, whereon the 
 fea broke in a creat furf. By the help of glafftj, wc 
 faW the face ofthe whole ifVtnd, which, in every part 
 that came under our obfcrvation, appeared covered 
 with planutions. Akmg the diorc wc perceived the 
 natives running in great numbers, and difplaying finalL 
 white flags, the emDlems 0/ peace, which f^gnalt we 
 anfwered I>y hoidin^ a St. Geoige's Eiidgii, At thia 
 time three ofthe natives of Middlebutig, who had con- 
 tinued too k>ng on board the Adventure to return, 
 quitted her, andfwam to the (bore, from whence w« 
 concluded they had nofhrong inclination to accompany 
 us in our vovagc. Wc had no boner opened the weft 
 fide of the iflc, than feveral canoes, having four m^o 
 in each, cahte boldi;r aloqg-fide, and, when they had 
 prefcnted us with fome ava not, came on board without 
 the lead ceremony. Having got into Van Diemen't 
 Road, we anchored, in 18 mnonu water, little more 
 than a cable's length from the breakers; and our coafl- 
 ing anchor, to keep the (hip from tailing on the rock^ 
 lay in 47 fiithomk water. By this time we were fur- 
 rounded with people, and our fcamen were fo eager in 
 purchafiis their curiofities, even at the expence of 
 cloaths, that Capt. Cbok found it abfolutely necefTary 
 to prohibit aiw fiuther commerce of this (brt. The 
 good ctR/& or this order, was, that on the 4th, the 
 natives brought us fowl^p^ tnnanoes, and cocoa-nuts 
 in abuhdanee, ibr which we exchanged fmall naila and 
 pieces of dodi, even oU rags woula purchafe pigs and 
 fowls. A trading party wai now fettled, and our com- 
 manders went on fhon^ attended by Mr. Foiiler an^ 
 other efficert, in compnv with a chief named Attago, 
 who had attached himfelf to Capt, Cook, the fir(\ mo. 
 ment of hit coming aboard, which was before the 
 (hips cartie to anchor. This perfon of fonu; note pre- 
 fcnted the captain with feveral articles, and as a 
 greater tedimony of friendfhip exchanged names widi 
 him ; a cudom, which, as we have obferved, is prac,- 
 tifed at Otaheite, and the Society Ifles. Wc were re- 
 ceived on fhore with the fame demondrations of joy as 
 at Middlcburg, and the gentlemen' fet out into th» 
 country, except the two commanders, who dlftributied 
 prefenu to fuch ofthe natives as Attago pointed out, 
 who were afterwards difcovered to be of fuperior rank 
 to himfelf; though at this tim^ by ^e attei^tion paid 
 
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 COOK'i SECOND VOYAOE*«-fbr making Difio^eries fti the South Seat & Round the fTor/J. 141 
 
 to him, he Appeumi to be the princitMl perfon. Hev- 
 iBgcompiunedof dw heat.. Atugo (hewed andTcated 
 wunderthe (hade of a.lai|p.tieet and the people, 
 iritoweKOKlei«dtoibtiii«ci|Pcle« never attempted to 
 paft the preTcribcd bounds, and ctoud upon ui, a* did 
 ' thoTe of Oubeite. After having been here fiyne time, 
 .we hinted oiir de(tre to (^ the countryt whereupon 
 Atttop immediately conduced ui along a lane that 
 tenmmted in anonai green, on one fide of which we 
 .lawalMaccof worlhip, built on a, mount about eigh- 
 teen (eec bigb.. ItwwanoUoqgfqoare, inclofedbya 
 >$i»e puapet wbU, about three ieet in height i from 
 which the mount, covered with green turf, rofe to the 
 building with a gnuJtNtl dope. The buUdii^ was 
 twenty lir fiwrteen feet, whdi we had advanced 
 within fifty yards of its front, every one fat down on 
 the green. Three elderly men.. whom we took for 
 prielts, begun a prayer, having their fiKes to the 
 noufe, which lafted about ten minutes, and this b^- 
 iiu ended, they came and teucd themfelves by us. 
 We made them prefenuof what we had about us. and 
 then proceeded to view the premifes. to which they 
 did noit (hew the lead rehKtance. The houfe was 
 feuik in every refpefi like their common dwellings, with 
 polls and rafixrs. covered with palm thatch. The 
 caves came down within three feet of the ground, 
 and the open fpace was filled up with ftrong matting 
 made of palm-leaves as a wall. In the front, leading 
 to the top of this, were two (tone fteps; and round the 
 houfe was a gravel walk : the floor alfo was laid with 
 fine gravel, in the center whereof was an obloog fquare 
 of blue pebbles, nifed fix inches higher. In one angle 
 of the building ftood an image roi^ly carved in wood, 
 and another hv on one fide. This inuge was turned 
 over and x>ver by Attago, as he would have done any 
 other log of wood, which convinced us, that they 
 were not confidered by the natives as objcdb of wor-> 
 ihip. We put feverai quefiions to Attago concerning 
 this matter, but did not underftand his anfwers ; fi>r 
 our readers are to be informed, that, at our fird arrival, 
 -we hardly could underftand a word die people fiiid. We 
 thought it neceffiuy toleave an offering, and therefore 
 laid down upon the platform fome mMale. nails, and 
 other thuigs, which our friend immediately took up 
 and put in his pocket. We could not tonceive how 
 th» could cut (uch laige ftones out of the coral rocks, 
 wiui which the walls were made that inclofed the 
 mount, i<Hne of them being ten feet by four, and near 
 fix inches thick. The moOnt. which ftood in a kind 
 of grove, was open only to view on that fide which 
 fronted the green, and here five roads met. moft of 
 which appesired to be public. Among the various 
 trees that compoli^d the groves, we (bund tlie Etoa 
 tree, of which are made clubs, and a fan of low palm, 
 very common in the northern paru of Holland. This 
 place of worlhip, in the lan^age of Amfteidam, is 
 called A-fia-tou-ca. 
 
 On our return to the water fide, we turned off to a 
 >oad leading into the country, about fixteen feet broad, 
 and as level as a bowling-green, feverai other roads in- 
 terfedted it, all inclofed on each fide with neat reed- 
 fences, and (haded by fruit-trees. The country here- 
 abouts is furprizingly fertile, inlbmiich, that we might 
 eafily have imagined ourfclves in the moft pleafiuit (uu- 
 ation that Europe could afford. Here are various de- 
 Iwhtfiil walks, and not an inch of uncultivated ground. 
 Nature aflifted by art no where appears to more aovan* 
 tage than in this fertile foot. The roads, evdt nehig^ 
 puUic one, which was about fixteen, feet broad, occu- 
 jmed no more (pace than was abfolutety neceffiuy, nor 
 did the boumnriee and fenoes take up above four 
 inches each, and in many places of thelc were planted 
 wfefiiltriwa and plants. On every fide you law the 
 Ume vpoenfUKtti nor did change of place aherthe 
 fceoe. m thia uanQwrtii^ blace we met great num- 
 ben of pcoplifloiilgto, the (hips loaden with fruit, and 
 coming trota them; all of whom gave us the road, hy 
 cither tumingto the right or left hand, fining down, or 
 fiandiiu ftill with their backs to the fences. uU we had 
 pafled by them. In mmy of the cn>(s roads, were 
 ' No, 16, 
 
 A-fi»-tou>cas, whofe mounts were furrounded with 
 paUiliidoes. After -having walked feverai miles, we 
 came to a more fpacious one, near to which was a iargc^ 
 houfe, the property of an old chief, who was one of 
 our company. Here we were regaled with fruit j but 
 our ftay was (hort, and our guides having conducted us 
 down to our boat, we returned with Attago to 
 our (hip. to dinner. When aboard an old man was 
 u(heredinto the cabbin: we placed him at ubie, and 
 foon perceived he was a man of confequence, for At- 
 tago, the chief being almoft blind, eat with his back 
 towards himi and as toon as the old man returned 
 alhore, which was after he had ufted the filh, and 
 drank two glaffes of wine, Attago took his place at 
 the table, finiihed his dinner, and drank alfo two 
 glaffes of wine. After dinner we all went alhore again. 
 We found the old chief, who, in return for his fleoder 
 meal, prefcnted us with a hog. Before we fet out for 
 the country, Capt. Cook went down with Attago to the 
 landing-pucc, where he found Mr. Wales laughing at 
 his perplexing -fituation. The boats that brought us 
 aihorc not having been able to get clofe in with the 
 landing-place, Mr. Wales had pulled off his (hoes and 
 ftockings to. walk through the water, and, when on 
 dry ground, fitting down, he put them between his 
 legs, ii\ order to. put them on, when in an inftant 
 they were fnatched away by a perlbn behind him, 
 who immediately mixed with the croud. The man 
 he could not follow bare-footed over the (harp coral 
 rocks I the boat was put back to the (hip, all his com,- 
 panions had made their way through the croud ; and 
 ne was found by the captain in this forlorn condition : 
 but the friendly Attago foon fct him at liberty, by find- 
 ing out the thief, and recovering the (hoes and ftock- 
 ings. We now began our excui^on into the country. 
 Having paffed the firft-menrioned Apiatouca, the old 
 chief (hewed us a pool of frc(h water, though we had 
 not made the Icaft enquiry for any. It is very proba- 
 ble this is the bathing place for the king and his no- 
 bles, mentioned by Tafman. From hence we were 
 conduded down to the (hore of Maria Bay, or N. E. 
 fide of the ifle, where we were (hewn a boat-houfe, in 
 which was a large double canoe not yet launched. Th« 
 old chief did not fail to make us fenfible that it be- 
 longed to him. Night now approaching, Attago at- 
 tended us to the beat, and we returned aboard. As 
 to the botanizing and (hooting parties, that were out 
 with us the fame day, they were all civilly treated, and 
 well entertained by the natives. The party alfo at the- 
 market on (hore had a bri(k trade, and many advantage- 
 ous hatpins. They procured plenty of bananas, 
 yams, cocoa-nuts, pigs, and fowls, for nails and pieces 
 of cloth. A boat from each (hip was employed to 
 bring off their care;oes, by which means we obtained 
 cheaper, and with Tefs trouble a good quantity of re- 
 fre(hments from thofc of the natives who had no ca- 
 noe* to carry their commodities off to the (hips. 
 
 Gu Toefday the 5th, early in the morning, the cap- 
 uin's (riend, Attago, brought him a hog and fome 
 fruit, for which, m return, he received a hatchet, a 
 fiieet, and fome red cloth. The pinnace having been 
 fent onlhore to trade, as ufual, foon returned, and wc 
 were informed that the natives, in many refpoSs, were 
 exceeding trouUefome. The da]^ befoif thqr lud dole 
 the boat's grapling, and at this time they were for u- 
 king every thing out of the pinnace. It was therefore 
 judoed neceffaty to have on (hore a guard, uid accord* 
 
 a;fy the marines were fent, under the connmand of 
 eutenant Edgcumbe. Thefe were foon after fol- 
 lowed by the two commanders, Attup, and feverai of 
 the gentlemen. On landing, the w chief prdented 
 C^pt. Cook with a pig j and then Mr. Hodges, ac- 
 companied by the two captains, took a walk into the 
 countiy, in order to make drawii^ ; after which, they 
 all returned with Atta^ and two other chiefs on board, 
 to dinner, one of which hft had fent a hoeon board 
 die Adventure, fome hours before^ for Capt.Tumeaux, 
 without requiriiw aiw return, i a fingular inftanceof 
 
 Ssnerofity this : but Attaflo did not omit to put Capt. 
 00k in mind of the pig we old kipg gave hun in the 
 a N morn' 
 
 .1 i| 
 
itfiiil 
 
 14a 
 
 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 Mta4 
 
 raornin^, for which he hid in return, a chequed (liirt, 
 and a piece of red cloth. He deiired to put iliem on, 
 which when done, he went upon deck, and fhcwed him- 
 fclf to all his countrymen. He had done the fame 
 with the flieet the captain gave him in the morniite ; 
 but when we went on Ihore in the evening, the old 
 'chief took to himfclf every thing Attago and others had 
 got in their poflfcfTion. This (»y the different trading 
 
 Srties procured for both (hips a good fupply of re- 
 fhmcnts ; the iailors therefore had leave to purchafe 
 any curiofities they might fancy ; which opportunity 
 they embraced with great eagemefs ; indeed they be- 
 came quite the ridicule of the natives from their third 
 after trifles, who jeeringly offered them (licks and 
 ftones, io exchange for otncr things ; and one waggifii 
 boy took a piece of human excrement on the end of a 
 ftick, and offered it for fale to every one he met. This 
 day a fellow found means to get into the mailer's cab- 
 bin, and Aole fome books and other asticles, with 
 which he was making off in his canoe. On being pur- 
 fued by one of our boats, he left the canoe, and took 
 to the water ; but as often as our people attempted to 
 lay hold of him, he dived under the boat, and at laft, 
 having unfhipped the rudder, got clear off. Other 
 daring thefts were committed at the latKling-place. 
 One nun dole a feaman's jacket, and would not part 
 with it till purfued and fircdi at. 
 
 Wednefday the 6th our friend Attago vifitcd us 
 ■gain as ufual, brought with him a hog, and afFlled 
 us in purchaling many more. We went af;erwarris on 
 (hore, vifited the old chief, with whom we flayed till 
 noon, and then returned on board to dinner, accompa- 
 nied by Attngo, who never one day left Capt. Cook. 
 Being about to depart from this ifland, a prc(cnt was 
 made for the old kmg, and carried on (hore m the even- 
 ing. When the captain landed, he was informed by 
 fome of the oflficei*, that a far greater man than any 
 we had yet fecn, was come to pay us a vifir. Mr. 
 Pickerfgill faid, he had feen him in the country, and 
 believed he was a man of great confequenre, by the ex- 
 traordinary refp«fl paid him by all ranks of people ; 
 fixne of wIkhh, when they approached him, fell on 
 their feces, and put their head lictween their feet ; nor 
 do any pafs him without permiilion. Upon his arrival, 
 Mr. Pickerfgill and another gentleman took hold of his 
 arms, and cfcorted him down to the landing-place, 
 where we found him (catcd with fuch an affedlcd gravity, 
 that we really thought him an ideot, whom, from fome 
 fuperflitious notions, the people v ere ready to adore. 
 When Capt. Cook falutcd and addrclfed him, he nei- 
 ther anfwered, nor took the lead notice of him. And 
 as there appeared in the features of his countenance 
 not any alteration, the captain ntts about to leave him 
 to his private cogitations; but an intelligent youth 
 cleared up all our doubts, and from his information, 
 we wcte now fully convinced, that what we took fo/^'a 
 (lupid fool was the principal head man, or king of the 
 ifland. Therefore the prefent, intended for the old 
 chief, was prefented to him. It confifled of a (hirt, 
 an axe, a piece of red cloth, a looking glafs, fome 
 nails, medals, and beads ; all of which were put upon, 
 «r laid down by his majelly, without his fpeaking one 
 word, or turning his head either to the right or left. 
 We departed ftotn this living (latuc, and had not been 
 long on boardi befbrc he fent us a prefent of provifions, 
 conliding of about twenty bafkets of roadcd bananas, 
 four bread attd yams, and a roadcd pig, w^ighine 
 about twenty pounds. We now no longer queftionra 
 the real dignity of this fulien chief. When thefe things 
 were brought down to the water fide. Mr. Edgecumoe 
 and his party were coming off to the vcffels, and the 
 bearers of the prefent faid it was fhwn the Arccke, 
 (that is king) of the ifland, to the Arccke of the (hip. 
 On ThurTday the 7th of 0£bber, early in the mom- 
 itig, our two commanders, accompanied by Mr. Forder, 
 Went atttOK, to make a return to the Areekc of the 
 ifland fyr hit kft night's prefent. They foon found 
 Attaim, of whom we learnt, that hia majefly's name 
 was Ro-haghee-too-Fallaiwou. Ader fome little time 
 he appeared with a very tew attendants. Bj Att^'s 
 
 w 
 
 delire we all fat down under a tree, and tttc kinti; ftatcd 
 himfelf on a rifing ground, about twelve yaras flwn 
 ua. We continued fome minutes Tacii^ each ikhit, 
 cxpedHng Attago would (ntmdiice us idhitmajtHyt 
 but obTerving no figns of this, the two captaias wei*, 
 and havAig lahited the king fat down by him. Th^ 
 then put on him a white fliirt, and laid down befbrc him 
 a few yartis of red cloth, a brafs kettle, a ftw, tUti 
 laigc foikcs, three looking glaties, twelve rtiedals, and 
 fome firings of beads. AH this time he behaved in the 
 manner before related, fittiiw like a (latue ; his antia 
 fecmed immoveable ; he fpMC hot one word, nor IJM 
 he fecm to know what we were about. ' When we gave 
 hln to underdand by ligns and words, that we dioutd 
 foon depart from his iftand, he made not the Ieaft.rc- 
 ply ; but when we had took leave, we perceived he con- 
 vcrfed with Attago, and an old womah ; and in ihb 
 courfeof this converfation he laughed heartily in ({>ite 
 of his alfumcd gravity ; for it could not be his real dit- 
 pofition, feeing he was in the prime of life, and thcTe 
 iflanders, like all others we had lately been acquainted 
 with, are much given to levity. We were now intro*- 
 duced by Attago in j another circle of ft^fpedhible old 
 people of both fexes, among whom were our friend, 
 the aged chief, and the pried, who was generally in 
 his company. We concluded, that the juice of pep- 
 per-root, had the fame effcdl that drang liquors nave 
 on Europeans, when they drink too much of them ; 
 for we obfervcd, that the reverend father could walk 
 very well in the morning, but in the evening was gene* 
 rally led home by two friendly fupporters. Wc were 
 a little at a lots how to take leave of the old chief, hav- 
 ing, wc feared, almod exhauded all our choiccd dorfi 
 on the king ; but having examined our pockets, and 
 Capt. Cook's treafury &g, which he always carried 
 with him, wc colicrted together a tolerable good pre- 
 fent both for the chief and his friends. This old chief 
 had a natural air of dignity, which the king had ndt. 
 He was grave, but not fulien ; would talk at times in a. 
 jocular manner, and when convcrfing only on indiffe- 
 rent fubjedts, would endeavour to underdand us, and 
 be underdood himfcIf. The pried in all our vifits 
 would repeat a (hort prayer, which none in the com- 
 pany attended to, and which for our parts we did not 
 underdand. Having continued a focial converfation 
 with thefe friends near two hours, we bid them fkrc- 
 well, and repaired to our (hip with Attago, and a fc# 
 of his friends, who ader brcakfiift were diimiired k»dcd 
 with prefcnts. Attago very drongly importuned us tj> 
 call again at this ifle on our return, and requeded of 
 the captain, more than once, to bring him a fuit of 
 clothes like thofc he then had on, which was his uni- 
 form. This friendly iflander, during our day, was, 
 on fevcral occaiions, very fcrviccabic to us. He daily 
 came on board in the morning, foon after dawn, and 
 frcquendy dayed with us till the evening. When on 
 board or on (hore, he performed every kind office for 
 us in his power, the cxpcnce for his fervices was tri- 
 fling, and wc thought hiin a very valuable friend. 
 
 1 he fupplies wnich we procured from this ifland 
 were ^bout one hundred and fifty pigs, double that 
 number of fowls ; as many bananas, Src. as we could 
 find room for, and, had we continued tenger, we 
 might have had more than our wants require^. We 
 were now about to depart, when, in heaving the coad-« 
 ing cable, it broke, by being chadded by the rocks ; by 
 which accident wc lod neariy half the cable, together 
 with the anchor, which lay in forty fathoms water, 
 without any buoy to it ; from whence ajudgment may 
 be formed of this anchorage. At ten o'clock P. M. 
 we got under fail, but our decks being encumbered 
 with fruit, fowls, &c. we kept plying under the land 
 till they were cleared. Before we continue the hidory 
 of this voyage, wc (hall here give a particular account 
 of this ifland, and its neighrauring one of Middle- 
 burgh, a dcfcription of which wc doubt not U'ill afford 
 an agreeable entertainment to our reader^, and very 
 numerous tubfcribers, who have favoured thh worK 
 with a generous encouragement, equal to our mod fanc- 
 euinc expedbtions and wi(h«s. 
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COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making ti'fcoveries in the South Seat & ftound the fTor/J. tj^^ 
 
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 Thefc two idands were firft difcovercd by Capt. 
 Abel Janfcn Tafman, a Dutchman, in January 1642-3, 
 which he named Amftcudam and Middlcburg. Ihe 
 former is called by the natives I'onga-ta-bu, and the 
 latter Ea-00-wee. From obfcrvatioiu made on the 
 fpot, they are found to be fituated between the latitude 
 of II deg. lomin. and it dcg. 3 min, S. and between 
 the longitude of 174 deg. 40 min, and 175 deg. 15 
 min. W. Middleburgh, the fouthennoft iHe, i» about 
 lolAtgucs in circumference, and from its height may 
 be fcen 1 a leagues at fca. It is bounded by plantations, 
 efpccially on the S. W. and N. W. ftdcs 1 1)Ui the In- 
 terior parts are not fo well cultivated t yet even this 
 negledl gives an additional beauty to the whole ifland ; 
 for here we fee difperfed, forming an agreeable variety, 
 groves of cocoa-nut and other trees, lawns cloathed 
 with thick grafs, with plantations, roads and paths In 
 every diredlion, making a channing confulion, as 
 greatly improves and enlivens the pmfpcft. 
 
 The illand of Toncaubu, or Amftcrdam, is Inaped 
 fomcthing like an ifoTecles triangle, the longeft legs ot 
 which are feven leagues each, and the fliortcft four. 
 It lies nearly in the dire<£lion<»f E. S. E. and W. N. W. 
 much of an equal height, but rather low, being not 
 more than 80 feet above the level of the fea. Both 
 this ifle, and that of Middleburg, are guarded by a reef 
 of coral rocks, on which the force of the fea is fpent 
 before it reaches the (horc. Van Dicmen's Road, 
 wherein wc anchored, is under the N. W. part of the 
 ifland, having a reef of rocks without it, over which 
 the fca breaks continually. The extent of the bank is 
 not more than three cables lengiii from the ftiore ; with- 
 out that is an unfathomable depth ; and, as we have 
 betbrc obfcrved, the lofs of an anchor, and the damage 
 our cables fuftained, arc plain indications that the 
 bottom is none of the beft. This ifland is wholly laid 
 out in plantations, abounding with the richcft pro- 
 du<flions of nature, as bread-fruit, plantains, fugar-canc, 
 and a fruit like a nedlarine, called Fighega. and at 
 Otaheite Ahuya : in fliort, here arc to be found moft of 
 the articles, produdions of the Society Iflands, befidcs 
 others which they have not. The fame may be faid of 
 vegetables, the ftock of which wc increafed by an 
 aclaitional aflbrtment of rarden feeds, &c. The pr»- 
 duce and cultivation of Middleburgh is much the lame 
 as at Amderdam. only a part of the former is cultivated. 
 The lanes and roads arc laid out in fo judicious a man- 
 ner, as to open a free communication from one part 
 of the ifland to the other. We here faw no towns or 
 villages, mod of the houfes being fltuatcd in the plan- 
 tations : they are neatly conllrudcd, but in their dimen- 
 fions do not exceed thofb in the other iflands. The 
 only ditfcrcncc feems to confift ih the difpofition of 
 the framing. They have fmall areas before moft of 
 them, planted round with trees, or flirubs, whofe 
 fragraney perfumes the very air. The whole of their 
 Atmitureiscompofcdofa rew woodeh platters, CQCoa- 
 nut fliells. and lome neat wooden pillows fliaped like 
 ftools or forms. Thdir common doathing fervcs them 
 fyr bedding, with the addition of a mat. We faw two 
 or three earthen veflcls aniohg them ; one in the fliape 
 6f a bomb-flicti, with two holes in it, oppofite each 
 Other '. the others refembled pipkins, containing about 
 five or file pints. Having Icen no great number of 
 thefe utehfils, we cdncltided they were the manliftAure H trifles. Shirt8,'cloth,jackcts, and even rags, were more 
 
 ingenious, exceeding in point of workmanfliip, every 
 thing of this kind we faw in this fca. They are form- 
 ed ot fcveral pieces fcwed together, in fo neat a manner, 
 that on the outftdc it is diflicult to difcern the joints. 
 On the infide. all the fadenings pafs through ridgrsi 
 They are of two forts, namely, double and linglc 1 the 
 Angle oAe* arc from ao to 30 feet in length, and about 
 30 or 33 inches broad in the middle. 
 
 The ftem terminates in a point, ar.d the head is 
 fomewhat like the extremity of a wedge. At each end 
 is a kind of deck, (Bpen in the middle, for about one 
 third part of the whole len^h. The middle of their 
 decks in fome of thciH, is ornamented with white 
 (hells, ftuck on little pegs, and placed in rows. They 
 work thefe finglc canoes fometimcs with fails, but 
 oftncr with paddles, the fliort blades whereof are 
 broadeft in tne middle: they have all out-riggers. 
 The double canoes are made with two velfcls about 
 60 or 70 feet long, and 4 or $ broad in the middle. 
 Each end terminates in a point, am) the hull ditfcrs 
 but little in its conftru(3ion from the finglc canoe, being 
 put together exai^ly in the fame manner ; but they have 
 a rifing in the middle round the open part, fomewhat 
 like a trough which is made of boards, well compacted 
 and fecured to the body of the velFcl. Two fuch 
 veflels as above mentioned are placed parallel to each 
 other, and faftencd by ftrong crofs beams, fecured by 
 bandages to the upper part of the rifings. The veflels 
 are atmut fix feet afunder. Over thefe beams, and 
 others, fupported by ftaunchions fixed on the bodies 
 of the canoes, is laid a boarded platform, whereon efleps 
 a maft that may eafily beraifed or let down. All parts 
 of the double canoes are ftrong, yet as light as the 
 nature of the work will admit; and they may be 
 immer;ged io the water to the very platforms, without 
 being m the leaft danger of filling ; and fo long as they 
 hold together, it is fcarce poflible, under any circum- 
 ftance whatever, to fink them. By the nature of their 
 conftnidion, they are not only veflels of burden, but fit 
 for fliort voyages from one ifland to another, and are 
 navigated with a lattean-fail, or triangular one, ex- 
 tended by a long yard, a little curved or bent. Their 
 fails are coinpoied of mats, and their ropes like ours, 
 fome four or five inches. A little flied is raifed upon the 
 platform, for to fcreen the crew from the fun, and for 
 other purpofes. Here they have a moveable fire-hearth, 
 which is a fquare ftiallow wooden trough, filled with 
 ftones. From off the platform is the way into the 
 hold, wherein they ftand to bail out the water. Capt. 
 Cook was of opinion, that thele double canoes are 
 navigated either end foremoft, and that in changing 
 tacks, the fail is only fliiftcd, or gibbcd; but we 
 cannot fpeak with ccruinty of this matter, not having 
 fcen any of them under fail, or with the maft ana 
 fail an end, but what were at a great diftance from 
 us. 
 
 The onlv piece of iron we law among thtfe people 
 was a fmall awl, which had been made of a nail ; all 
 their working tools are of ftone, bene, fliells, &c. as at 
 the other iflands. Every one who fees the work exe- 
 cuted with thefc tools, cannot but be ftiiiek with 
 admiration at both the ingenuity and patience of the 
 artificers. They had little Knowledge of the utility of 
 iron, but enough to prefer nails to beads, and fuch 
 
 of fome other ine4 The only domeftic ailimals we faw 
 among them were hogs and fowls. The' latter are 
 as large as any bi Europe, and their flelh equally good, 
 if not better. We bdicve they have no dd^, oi they 
 were very defirous of thofe we had oh board. In. 
 thefe iflcs arc no rats, nor did we difcover any wild 
 t)aadrupcdi, except fmall lizards. The land birds 
 arc p^iMt^ tintle-doves, parrots, parroquets, owls, 
 batdcOOti Mrtth a bhlc plumdge, fmall birds, and Targe 
 bats ill alAthdaiice. fhe Ikme forti of fifli arc found 
 lierc Js in the other iflt^. Their fifliing-tacklc is much 
 the fai^t ai Ihn^ made of mother of pearl, mgs 
 having tWo tir three prongs, and nets compofed of a 
 very fine thittMl, \*ith the melhes niadc ex^^aiy like 
 Qurs. The conftruAiort of their C^inocs is rotnarkaUy I 
 4 m. 
 
 efteemed by them than the beft edged tool, on which 
 account we parted with fcvt axes but what were given 
 as prefehts t however, if we include the nails exchanged 
 foir cunofltiea; by the companies of both fliips, with 
 thdfe given for refreftiments, &c. they could not get 
 from uslefs than 5O0 weight, great and fmall. 
 
 As to the natives of thefe iflands, both fexes are of a 
 common fizewith Europeans ; but with refped ro com- 
 plexion, their Golodris that of alightiflicopper, and more 
 uhiibtmW fo tlun atnong thofe of Otaheite and the 
 Society Ifles. OTour gentlemen, fome thought thefe 
 people were a much handfomer race ; othets were of a 
 contrary opinion, of which number Capt. Cook wai 
 tne.; It iacfrtain, that dicy ha^ in general it^lar 
 res, with a good fliape : thqi are alio afiiye, firiflt, 
 
 a^ 
 
»44 
 
 Capt. COOK'f VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ^i.!t 
 
 i'l 
 
 i''>m 
 
 i 1 ■ 
 
 
 ind lively. The women are cfpecially very merry and 
 fociable, and would chat with us, without being invited, 
 or if wcfeemcd attentive, without conflderin^ whether 
 we undcrfteod them or not. They appeared in f[eneral 
 to be modcA : yet inftancn of thole of a different 
 chandler were not wanting; and having (bme venereal 
 complaints, Capt. Cook took all poffible care, that the 
 diforder (hould not be communicated to them. When- 
 ever opportunity ferved, they difcovered a (trong pro- 
 penfity to pilfering, and in the art of thieving arc full 
 as knowing and dexterous as the Otaheiteans. Their 
 hair, particularly of the females, is black, but fome of 
 the men have a method of (laining their hair with various 
 colours, as white, red, and bkie, which we faw upon the 
 fiime head. It is wore cut (hort, and we met with only 
 two exceptions to this cuftom. The boys have only a 
 iingle loctc on the top of the hcnd, cobbed upwards, 
 and a fmall quantity od each fide. The beards of the 
 men are (haved quite clofe with two (hells ; and even 
 thofc of an advanced age have fine eyes, and in general 
 good teeth. They are tattoawed from the middle of 
 the thigh to above the hips t but among the women, 
 the fliin is pundurcd veiy (lightly, and that only on 
 their arms and Hn^ers« Their drcfs Confifts of a piece 
 of cloth or mattmg, hanging below the knees, but 
 from the waift upwards they are generally naked. Their 
 ornaments arc bracelets^ amulets, and necklaces, com- 
 pofed of bones, (hells, and beach, of mother of pearl. 
 The women have a curious apron made of the outward 
 fibres of the cocoa>nut (helf : fmall pieces of this ftuif 
 are fewed together in fuch a manner as to form ftars, 
 half moons, and fquares, &c. and the whoh: is (ludded, 
 and decorated with red feathers, fo as to have a plcaf- 
 ing ettcdl. They wear alfo rings on their fingers made 
 of tortoifcfhell, and pendants of the fame, about the 
 fnc of a fmall quill ; but though all have their ears 
 bored, yet thefe lall kind of ornaip -n"; are not worn in 
 tommon. The natives of tlvic i (lands make the fame 
 forts of cloth, as the inhabitants ut Otahcitc ; but they 
 have not fuch a variety, nor any of fo fine materials ; 
 yet having a method of glazing their cloth, it is more 
 durable than that at Otaneite, and will tc-fid: rain for 
 Ibmc time. Their matting is of vairiou6 kinds j fomc 
 very fine, and generally ufed for cloathing ; another 
 fort is thick and ftronger, which ferves them for fails, 
 and to deep on. The colours of their cloth are black, 
 brown, purple, yellow, and red; all extra(5ted from 
 vegeti^s. They make many little toys, which fuf- 
 fkiently evinces their ingenuity: and among their 
 utenfils are various forts of curious ba(kcts, fomc made 
 of the fame materials as their mats, and others of the 
 twitted fibres of cocoa -nuts; which prove in the work- 
 manlhip, that thefe people want neither tafte to de- 
 fign, nor (kill to execute. How they amufe themfelves 
 in their leifure hours, we cannot particularly and po- 
 fitively fay, being but little acquainted with their di- 
 vcrfions. We were entertained frecjueatly with fongs 
 from the women, in an agreeable (tile, and the muUc 
 they accompanied by fnapping their fingers, fo as to 
 keep time to it. Both this and their voices arc very 
 harmonious; and they have a confiderablc compafs in 
 their notes. Among their muflcal inftruments, which 
 came under our knowledge, they have a drum, or rather 
 an hollow log of wood, on the fide of which they beat 
 with two drum fticks, whereby is produced adoleiiil 
 found, not quite fo mufical as that of an empty ca(k. 
 We faw one of thefe drums five feet and a half kmg, 
 and thirty inches in girt. It had a flit in it frona one 
 end to the other, about three inches wide, by means of 
 which it had been hollowed out> They have alfo two 
 mufKal pipes ; one a lai|^ flute made of a piece of 
 bamboo, which, they fill with breathing throurii their 
 nofes : thefe have four ftops, whereas thofi: at Otdieite 
 have only two. The other inftiumcm ia co mp ofed of 
 to or II fnuil reeds of unequal lengths, bound t<scther 
 fidcl^ fide, as the Doric pipe of tm ancients is Mid to. 
 have been. The open ends of the reeds into which 
 they blow with their mouths ate of eqtK(t height or in 
 aline. 
 ■ )n this country the manner of a ialutation is by 
 
 . ■ 3 ■:••.•' 
 
 joining or touching nofes, and the difplaying a white 
 Hag or flags, when ftrangers arrive, is a furc lign of 
 peace. Such were difplaycd when we fiitt drew near 
 the (hore ; but the people who then came on board, 
 brought with them lome pepper plant, which they fent 
 before them into the fliip ; and a Itronger fign of friend- 
 fliip we could not wUh fur. From the friendly recep- 
 tion we experienced, and the unfufpicious manner of 
 their behaviour upon our landing, we concluded, they 
 are feldom molcftcd either by foreign or domeflie ene- 
 mies ( nevcrthclifs they are not without very formidable 
 ofl^enfivc and defenlive weapons, as bows and arrows t 
 alfo clubs and fpcar* formed of hard wood. The clubs 
 are of various (hapes, and from three to five feet in 
 length. The bows and arrows arc none of the be(t, the 
 former being very flight, and the latter only a flendcr 
 reed pointed with hard wood. On the intidc of the 
 bow is a gnmve, wherein is placed the arrow. Several 
 of their ^ars have many barbs, and mutt be danger- 
 ous weapons where they take elfcd. Another Angular 
 cuflom is that of putting every thing you give them to 
 their heads, by way of thanks, as \\c imagined ; and 
 where things were given to ^oiing infants, the mother 
 lifted up the child's hand to us head, fo thr.t this man- 
 ner of paying a coinpliment is taught them from their 
 very infancy. The iamc cuflom they alfo ufed in their 
 exchanges M'itli us. It is called by the natives faga- 
 fatie, and has, we believe, various fignifications, ac- 
 cording as it is applied; all however complimentary. 
 A flill more Angular cuftom prevails among them, 
 though not peculiar to the iohabitants of the Friendly 
 Ides. The greater part of both fexes had lott one or 
 both of their little nngers ; and, except fomc young 
 children, wc found few, who. had both hands perfedt : but 
 the reafon of this mutilation we could not learn. They 
 alfo burn or make incifions in their checks^ near the 
 cheek bone : the realbn of which was equally unknown 
 to us. However,, fuch is the goodnefs of the climate, 
 that we obferved neither fick nor lame among them^ 
 all appeared healthy, flrong and vigorous. 
 
 The government of this country is much like that of 
 Otahcite, that is, in a king or prime chief (called 
 Arccke) with other fubordjnate chiefii, who arc lords of 
 certain diftrids, perhaps fole proprietors, to whom the 
 people fecm to pay great obedience. We alfo per- 
 ceived a third rank, one of whonn was our friend At- 
 tago, who Iccmed to have not a little influence over the 
 conunon people. It was the opinion of Capt. Cook, 
 that all tl^c land onTongatabu is private property, and 
 that here, as at Otahcite, are a fet of fervants, or (laves, 
 who have no property in land. Indeed, we cannot fup- 
 pofe every thing to be in common, in a country f» 
 richly cultivated. Few would toil if they did not ex» 
 pedi to reap, and enjoy the fruits of their labour as their 
 own. Parties of fix, eight or ten people, would frc 
 quently bring fruit down to the landing place ; but we 
 always faw one man, or woman, fuperintend the fale 
 of the whole, without whofe confent no exchanges 
 could be made; and the thinra they bartered for were 
 always given them, all which plainly ftiews they were; 
 the owners, and the others only uicir (ervants. 
 
 Though the benevolent author of nature lias poured 
 forth liberally his bounties on thefe ifles; yet the hig^ 
 (tate of culuvation their lands arc in, muft have coft 
 them indefatigable pains and labour: but this b now 
 amply rewarded by the great produce every where to be 
 fecn, and (^ which alt partaxe; for no one wants the 
 common neccflaries of life: the poor are not crying 
 for bread; but joy, contentment, and chcarful mirth 
 are pai rtttd in the features of every one. An cafy free- 
 dom prevails among all ranks of people: the/ have few 
 defires they canriot gratify, and they are bleflTcd with a 
 clime wherein the difagreeable extremes of heat and 
 cold are equally uhkoown. The article of water waa 
 the only one of which thev may be Cud to have a fcanty; 
 fiipply : this they are ob%ed to dig for. We faw no^ 
 any at Anflerdam, and but one weU. At MiddlebuisU 
 
 Iwc found no water but what the nativies had in veflelii j 
 this was fwect and cool, and probably praguied mtt fiyc 
 from the fpoti whew wc faw it4 
 
 W« 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Z)//fowr/Vj in the SouthStas U Round the H^orU. 1 45 
 
 Wc can fay very little of the religion of thcfc people. 
 The Afiatoucas may be appropriated to this purpofe ; 
 but fome of our gentlemen thought thefc buiidingj were 
 only buryinp places. It is certain particular perfons made 
 fpeechcs in them, which wc underllood to be prayers i 
 perhaps, they may be both temoles and burying places, 
 as at Otahcite ; but with refpedt to the images being 
 idols, wc had many rcafons to be of a contrary opinion. 
 Mr. Wales told ui, that one of thefc images was fct up 
 
 for him and others to (hoot at 1 not very rcfpedlful this to 
 divinity 1 and yet we have fecn the Fortugucfe, when 
 their wilhci were not gratified, treat their tutelar faints 
 with much greater familiarity. It appeared however 
 very plain to us, that thefc Afiatoucas are much fic- 
 quented for one purpofe or other) for the areas before 
 them were covered with green fod, and the grafs wa* 
 very Ihort, by being often fat upon and much troddunj 
 which doubtlefs prevented its growth. 
 
 sa-.-it- 
 
 C H A P. IV. 
 
 ^be Refoliilion and Adventure contimie their vmagefrm AmUcrdam— proceed for ^een Charlotte'} Sound— An inlrrvirw 
 uiti) the inhabitants — The final ffparation of the tivo Jhips—Tranjailiom and incidents in Charlotte's Sound — The in- 
 baliilants dftovered lo be Cannibals— A defcription of the coaJl—Tbt Refolution departs. from the Snur.l, and proceeds in 
 fi-ard' after k-r conforl—Courfe of the Refolution in fcarch of the fuppofed continents and the m, ibods purfued to c\- 
 ^ploir the Southern Pacific Ocean— Arrives at Eajier Ijknd—Tranfaflions there — An expedition into the inland part of the 
 co:if.:ry, with an account of fome gigantic flatues, and drfription of the whole ijland. 
 
 W«i 
 
 ON Thurfday, the 7th of Odober, wc made fail 
 to the fouthward, and our route determined was, 
 to make for Qjccn Ch irlotte's Sound in New Zealand, 
 there to take in a fuipiy of wood and water, and then 
 to proceed on farther difcoveries to the S. and E. On 
 the 8th, we made the ifland of Pilftart, diftant eight 
 leagues, and bearing S. W. by W. half W. This was 
 aifo difcovered by Tafman. and lies in latitude 22 dcg. 
 a6 min. S. and in 1 75 deg. 59 niin. W. longitude, didant 
 32 leagues from the fouth end of Middleburg, in the 
 diredion of S. 52 deg. W. Two remarkable lulls rife 
 therein of a confiderable height, and fccmingly dif- 
 joined from each other by a low valley. We now. 
 after a few hours calm, ftretchcd with a S. W. wind to 
 the S. E. but, on Sunday, the loth, it veered round to 
 the S. E. and E. S. E. upon which wc refumcd our 
 courfe to the S. S. W. 
 
 OnThurfday the 2 id at five o'clock, A. M. we made 
 the land pf New Zealand, extending from N. W. by 
 N. to W. S. W. Wc now flood in (horc till we were 
 abrcaft of Table Cape and Portland liland, which is 
 joined to it by a ledge of rocks ; wc were gazed at by 
 the natives as we pafled ; but none of them ventured to 
 come off in their canoes. Wc advanced to the Black 
 Cape on the twenty-fecond, and now fcvcral inhabi- 
 tants took courage and boarded us, among whom was 
 a chief; he was clothed elegantly, and his hair was 
 dreflcd in the high fafhion of the country. Wc ent.r- 
 tained him in the cabbin, and his companions fold us 
 fome fi(h. Thefe people were very fond of nails, and 
 tht chief received them w ith much greater 'cagemcfs 
 than when the captain gave him hogs, fowls, feeds, 
 and roots. We obtained from him a promifenot to kill 
 any. and if he keeps his word, there arc enough to 
 ftock the whole ifland ; the prefent confifted ot two 
 fows, two boars, four hens, and two cocks ; we like- 
 wife gave him feveral ufeful feeds, and inftrudted him 
 in the manner of fctting them. Thefc people very 
 well remembered the Endeavour having been on their 
 coaft. The Adventure was now a good way to IccMard, 
 and as we were obliged to tack, inc was confequently 
 feparated from us ; but we were joined by her on the 
 twenty-fourth. The wind was now very high, fo that 
 we could carry hardly any fail ; we endeavoured to 
 make Cape Pallifer, the northern point of Eakcino> 
 mauwe, out wc had fuch a hard gale for two days, that 
 drove us off the land jull as wc were in fight of port. 
 ^ This was very mortifymg ; but two favourable circum- 
 ' nances attended it, for we were in no danger of a lee- 
 Ihofe, and it was fair over head. In the evening of 
 the twenty-fifth wc endeavoured to find the Adventure, 
 which the fiorm had feparated, but without etiiedl, the 
 weather being fi> hazy, that we could not fee a nulc 
 lound us. 61 the twenty-eighth we faw the Adventure 
 about five miles to leeward, and we kept company with 
 her till the night of the twenty-ninth, when (he difap- 
 pcared. nor did wc fee her at day-light. Ghadottc 
 No. 17. 
 
 Sound was the appointed place of rendezvous 1 and al 
 wc had feparated from the Adventure, we were obliged 
 to make tor it. otherwife Capt. Cook would ha\c fought 
 a fupply of wood and water further fouth. We flood 
 to the callward, in hopes of meeting with the Adven- 
 ture. On the fccond «f November the morning was 
 very clear, and we kept a fharp look-out for the Ad- 
 venture s but as we could not iec her, we judged (he 
 was got intothe Sound. Wc accordingly n.ailc .or the 
 iliorc of Eakeinomauwe. In doing which we d fcp- 
 vered an inlet, which the captain had never obferved 
 before, on the eaft fide of Cape Teerew hitte. We an- 
 chored in twelve fathoms water, at the entrance of this 
 inlet ) and fcvcral of the inhaljitants came on board, 
 who were extravagantly fond of nails. We ran up into 
 Ship Cove on the third of November, where we ex- 
 
 Ktted to fee the Adventure, but were difappointed. 
 ere we were obliged to unbend the fails, w hich had 
 been very much damaged in the late fionns. Several 
 people came on board, who rcmcmbcicd the Endea- 
 vour when on this coaft, particularly an old man called 
 Goubiah. The empty cafks were ordered on fliore, and 
 the neceffary repairs both to them and the fhips were or- 
 dered to be made. We were unfuccefsful in our fiflurg 
 parties, who caught no fifli. but were well fuppliedby 
 the natives with that ufeful article. On opening the 
 bread cafks, wc found a great deal of it damaged ; 
 that whicli remained good we baked over again, in or- 
 der to prefervc it. 
 
 On Friday the fifth, one of the natives took an op- 
 portunity of flealing one of the feamen's bag of cloaths, 
 which, with fome difficulty, we recovered. This made 
 our people more cautious in future. Wc found one of 
 theu>ws which Capr. Furneaux had put on fhore, and 
 were informed that the boar and other fow were taken to 
 another part, but not killed. We were mortified very 
 much when we heard that old Goubiah had killed the 
 two goau which Captain Cook put on fliore, and were 
 concerned to think that our endeavours to Aock this 
 countiy with ufeful animals were likely to l>e rendered 
 fruitlefs, by thofe very people for whofe benefit they 
 were defigned. But nature had amazingly afTifted our 
 intentions in thf gardens, where every thing was in a 
 flouriihing Hate, except the potatoes, which were moft 
 of them dug up. Wc put on fliore another boar and 
 fow, with tyo cocks, and four hens. We purchafed a 
 laige (Quantity of fifh from the natives, who were very 
 much mclined to theft; wc detciited them picking our 
 pockets very frequently. Several llrangcrs came to 
 vifit us in five canoes, they took up their quarters in a 
 cave near us, and decamped the next morning with fix 
 of our fraall water calks. All the people whom wc 
 found on our arrival likewife went with them. Some 
 of them returned in a day or two, and fupplied us with 
 fifh. 
 
 On Monday, the fifteenth, we made a party to the 
 
 fummit of one of the hills, in order to look tor the 
 
 a O Advotjp 
 
 I 
 
 Mb:-. 
 
h 
 
 I4A 
 
 apt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 if- ' 
 
 i\~ 
 
 Adventure, but were (lifappointed, and totally at a 
 loft to know what wo* iKcoincof her. When we re- 
 turned, the natives were collci^ted round our boat, to 
 whom we made fome prefents, and went on board. We 
 were very well fupplicd with fifli during our (lay here. 
 On the twentv-fecond we took one boar and three fows, 
 together witn fome cockt and hem, into the uoodi, 
 where we left them with provifion funicicnc tor ten or 
 twelve days, with hopes that the natives would not dif- 
 cover them till they had bred. Our olficerii having vi- 
 fitcd the dwelling>places of fevenil of the natives, ftnmd 
 fbmc human bones, from which the Hefli appeared to 
 be lately taken 1 and on the twentv-third, they Dcing on 
 (hore, (aw tht head and bowels of a youth, lately 
 killed, lying on the beach 1 his heart was (luck on' a 
 fork, and fixed at the fore part of one ot the targed ca- 
 noes. The head was bought, and brought on board, 
 where one of the natives broiled and eat it before the 
 whole (hip's company, and the (ight made fcveral of 
 them fick. Oedidee, whom we had brought with us, 
 exprelTed his horror at this tranfaction in terms which 
 it IS impofllble forus to defcribe. It is certain that the 
 New Zealandcrs are cannibals, which this circumftancc 
 fully proves ; but from all we could learn, they only 
 eat the fle<h of thofc (lain in battle. This youth had 
 fallen in a (kirmilh with fome of the natives, as well as 
 feveral others 1 but how many, or w hat was the caufe 
 of the quarrel, we could not learn. 
 
 Our crew had for 3 months part lived almoft wholly 
 on fre(h pn>vilions and vegetables, and wc had, at this 
 time, neither a fcorbutic nor fick perfon on board. 
 Before we quitted the Sound, we left a memorandum, 
 fetting forth the d.iy of our departure, what courfe we 
 intended (leering, &c. and buried it in a bottle, where 
 it mud be ditcovered, (hould Capt. Furneaux touch 
 here, though we did not place any great expedation 
 in fuch an event. We failed from hence on the twenty- 
 fifth of November, and fought the Adventure in Ic- 
 ral harbours, but without eticCt. All hopes of feeing 
 lier again were now vanilhed, and wc fet about our in- 
 tended difcovcries by ourftlvcs. The (hip's company 
 were perfctflly fatislied with Capt. Cook's care and con- 
 duifl, and did not cxprefs any uneadncfs at our being 
 unattended. 
 
 On Friday, the twenty-fixth, we (leered to the fouth, 
 and on Monday the (ixth of December found ourfclves 
 antipodes to our London friends. We were then in 
 3. latitude co dcg. 17 min. and E. longitude 179 deg. 
 40 min. We met with feveral flights of our old con>- 
 
 fianions, albatrolTcs, petrels, &c. Wc failed through 
 arge quantities of loofe ice on the fourteenth of No- 
 vember, and difcovered many ice iflands. Wc were 
 foon embayed by the ice, and were obliged to (Iretch to 
 the N. W. Wc were now in much danger, owing to the 
 Ice iflands and the fog. Wc attempted to take lomc of 
 the ice on board, but without cfTed; but on the fcven- 
 tecnth we fuccecded, and got on board as much as wc 
 CQuld manage. 
 
 Tucfday, the twenty-lirft, we came the fecond time 
 within the antardlic circle; and on a Hidden got a- 
 mong a great quantity of loofe ice, and a cluder of ice 
 illands, which it was very diflicult to deer clear of, as 
 the fog was very thick. On the twenty-fourth they in- 
 crcafed fo fad upon us, that wc could fee near an hun- 
 dred round us, befldes an adonilhing quantity of fmall 
 pieces. Here wc fpcnt the twenty fifth, being Chrid- 
 mas-day, in much the fame manner as we did the pre- 
 ceding one. 
 
 A n mi A On thp fecond of January, wc dccred 
 A. L»- 1774- N. W. in order to explore great part of 
 the (ea between us and our track to tne fouth ; but were 
 obliged to deer north-eaderly the next day, and could 
 not accompli(h our dc(ign. Many of the people were 
 attacked with (light fevers while wc were in thefe high 
 latitudes, but happily they were cured in a few days. 
 Taking cvciy circumdance into confideration, it is not 
 very probable that there is any extcnfive land in our 
 track firom Ouheite. which was about two hundred 
 leagues s and that any lay to the weft is ftill lefk pro- 
 bable i wc therefore uccred N. E. There was no fign 
 
 of land t and therefore on the eleventh wc altered our' 
 courfe, and deercd S. E. On the twenty-titih we 
 found ourfclves in a pleafant climate, and no ice in 
 view I on the twcnty-lixth came a third time within 
 the antarClic circle. On Sunday, the thirtieth, we faw 
 a very extcnfive field of ice, and within the field wc 
 dinindly enumerated nioety-feven ice hills of varioua 
 (izes t it is probable that luch mountains of ice were 
 never feen in the Greenland feas. On this account, the 
 attempt to get farther to the fouth, though not abfo* 
 lutely impouible, was yet both rafli and dangerous. 
 The majority of us were of opinion that this ice ex- 
 tended to the {K)le, as it might |x)iribly join frme land 
 to which it has been contiguous liiicr the earlicll times. 
 Should there be land to tne fouth behind this ice, it 
 certainly can afford no better retreat for man, bead, or 
 birds, than the ice itfcif, with which it mud certainly 
 be covered. As wc could not go any farther to the 
 fouth, we thought it advifeable to tack, and dand back 
 to the north, wing at this time in the lat. 71 dcg. 10 
 min. S. and 106. deg. 54 min. W. Happily for us we 
 tacked in good time ; for we had no fooner done it, than 
 a very thick fog came on; which would have been 
 highly dangerous when we fell in with the ice. 
 
 On the nrd of February we were able to take in fome 
 more ice, which, though it was cold work to colled, 
 fcrved us for prefent confumption when melted. Capt. 
 Cook was now well fatisficd that no continent was to oe 
 found in this ocean, but that which is totally inaccef- 
 (iblci he therefore determined to pafs the enfuing win- 
 ter within the tropic, if he met with no other objedl 
 worth purfuing. It was dttermined to deer for the 
 land difcovered by Juan Fernandez, or, in failure of 
 this purfuit, to fearch for Eader Illand or Davis's 
 Land, which wc knew very little about. The failors, 
 and all on board acceded to thefe' defigns, and were 
 happy at the thoughts of getting into a warmer cli-' 
 mate. We had continual gales from the eighth to the 
 twelfth indant, when it fella dead calm. 'The weather 
 varied every day confiderably till the twenty-fifth, when 
 Capt. Cook was perfuadcd that the difcovcry of Juan 
 Fernandez, if any fuch was ever made, could be no- 
 thing but a fmall idand, not worth notice. On the 
 twenty-fifth, Capt. Cook was taken fo ill as to be 
 obliged to keep his bed, and recovered very flowlv. 
 It is fomething very extraordinary, that when he could 
 eat nothing elle he had a mind to a dog of Mr. Forder's, 
 which was killed, and he relilhed K>th the fledi and 
 the broth made of it. This feems very odd kind of 
 food for a fick man ; and, in the opinion of manv peo- 
 
 f>le, would create much greater (icknefs than it was 
 ikely to be any means of removing. 
 
 On the nth of March land was feen from the mad- 
 head, which proved to be Eader Ifland : and on the 
 13th, wc came to an anchor in 36 fathoms water, be- 
 fore the fandy beach. One of the natives came on 
 board the (hip, where he daid two nights. He mea- 
 fured the length of the diip, and called the number b^ 
 the fame names as the Ouhciteans do ; but otherwile 
 we could not underdand his language. A party of us 
 went a(horc on the 1 4th, and founda great nismber of 
 the natives a(remblcd, who were pacifically inclined, 
 and fcemed defirous to fee us. Wc made figns for 
 fomcthiiw to cat, after we had didributed fome trinkets 
 among them ; they brought us fome fugar-cancs, pota- 
 toes, and plantains. Wc very foon found out that thefe 
 gentlemen were as expert thieves as any before met 
 with; we could fcarce keep any thing in our pockets, 
 and it was with fome difficulty that wc could keep our 
 hats upon our heads. Thefe people fcemed to under- 
 dand the ufc of a mulket, and to be very much afraid 
 of it. Here were feveral plantations of potatoes, fugar. 
 canes, and plantains ; but othcrwifc the country ^ap- 
 peared barren and without wood. We found a well of 
 oracki(h water, and faw fome fowls. As the natives 
 did not feem unwilling to part with thefe articles, and 
 aaw'e were in want of them, wc determined to day a^ 
 few davs. A trade was accordingly opened with the. 
 natives, and we got on board a few ca(Ks of water. A 
 party of officers and men were fen: up the country itx 
 
 prdcr 
 
cook's second V0YAC;E— Jiir making Uifcovcries in the Soul/> AVfli& Round O^clVorU. 147 
 
 order to examine it| and Lapt. Cook remained on Ihorc 
 •mong the natives. AnaJvantagcouii trade lor |)otaio.'i 
 «a« oMncd, but foon put a Hop to by the owners of the 
 f|)ot Imiu whence they were dug. It fecnis that the;' 
 had ftolcn thcfc |x)tatoes 1 for they all ran away at his 
 appimch. From this cirrumftance it Is pretty evident 
 that they are not more (tridiiy honcA artiongft thcm- 
 fclvcs than to ftrangers. This reconnoitring party were 
 followed by a crowd of natives 1 and bef«)rc they had 
 proceeded far, they were met by a middle-aged man, 
 with his face uaintcd. lie had a fpcar in his hand, 
 •rid w.ilked along with him, keeping his countrymen 
 at a dilhncc, that our people might receive no molcf. 
 Cation from them. This man was pundUircd from head 
 to foot. They found the greatel> part of the illand 
 barren; though in many places there were planta. 
 lions of the roots before mentioned. They met with 
 the ruins of three platforms of ftone work. On each 
 oTthefe platforms had flood four very large Ihtues, 
 made of (tone, but ihey were now fallen to the ground, 
 and much defaced. Thefe ftatues were fifteen feet 
 long, and fix feet broad acrofs the (houlders. On the 
 hca^ of each flatue was a round red ftonc. of confider- 
 •blc magnitude. Travelling on, they found in fome 
 places a poor fort of iron ore, and afterwards came to 
 a fruitful part of the ifland, on which were fevcral 
 plantations. They could get no (|ood water in their 
 journey ; but they were obliged to drink what they could 
 Kct, on account of the extremity of their thirlh They 
 found the natives fo addi(tlcd to theft, that they were 
 obliged to tire fome fmall (hot at a man, who took 
 ftoin them their bag of provilions and implement-. 
 The (hot hit this rellow in the back, on which he 
 dropped the bag and fell 1 but he foon afterwards got 
 
 up and walked olt'. Some deliy was occalioned by 
 this aifair. 'I he man before mentioned ran round them 
 and repeated fcveral words, which they could rtot un- 
 derhand I and afterwards they were very good friends 
 together, no one attempting to Ileal any thing more. 
 A numbc.- of the natives were alFcmbled together on 
 a hill at fome dilYance, with fpears in their hands, but 
 difpcrfcd at the delirc of their countrymen. There ap.* 
 peared to be a chief among them, which wore a bet- 
 ter cioth than the reft. He had a fine open counte- 
 nance, and was very well made. His face was painted* 
 and his body pun(5lured. Thr' met with fome prcttjr 
 freth water towards the caftcrn end of this illand, but 
 it was rendered dirty by acuftom which the inhabitants 
 have oi walliing themfelvcs in it as foon as they have 
 drank. I^t the company be ever fo large, the firfl that 
 gets to the well jumps into the middle of it, drinks his 
 fill, and wafhes hlmfelf all over 1 the next docs the 
 fame, and fo on till all of them have drank and 
 wafhed. ♦ 
 
 Great numbers of the gigantic (latues, before de- 
 fcribed, are to be feen on this part of the ifland ; one 
 of which they meafured, and found it to be twenty.* 
 feven feet long, and eight fcetbroadacrofs the (houlders. 
 One of thcfc figures, of an aftonifliing height, being 
 (landing, it afforded (liadc for the whole pany to dine 
 under, which confiftcd of thirty perfons. Many gained 
 the fummit of a hill, but could not fee any bay or 
 creek, nor difcovcr any (Igns of fre(h water. They re* 
 turned to the (hip in the evening. No (lirubs worth 
 mentioning were found in this cxcurfion, neither did 
 they fee an animal of any fort, and but very few birds< 
 They could not difcovcr any thing in the whole ifland 
 to induce (hips, in the utmod diltrefs, to touch at it. 
 
 \-n 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 V. 
 
 fbe Refohitiiinfailtfi-em Eafler Ijland to the Marqurfas — TratifafJions and imdertts wbikpe lay in Rrjoliition Bay, in thi 
 ijlandqf St. Chrijhna — Depart J from the Marque fas — The/e ijUmds defcribed, with an account {/" the inhabitant), their 
 euftoms, i^c, — The Rcfolution prepares to leave Utaheite — Another naval review — A defcription of the ifland — Her ar 
 rival at the ifland of Huaheine — An expedition into the fame — Furious incidents related — The flbip proceeds to Ulietea^^ 
 Her reception there — Incidents during her flay — Qbarallerof Oedidee— General ohfervations on tlte iflandsi 
 
 ON Wcdnefday, the i6th of March, wc took our 
 departure from Eafter IHc, and (leered for the 
 Marquc(as iflands, intending to make fome flay there 
 if nothing material intervened. On the 6th of April, 
 we difcovcred an ifland, when we were in latitude 9 
 dcg. 10 min. and longitude 138 deg. 14 min. we were 
 about nine leagues diflance from it. Wc foon difco- 
 vcred another, more extenfive than the former, and 
 prcfcntly afterwards a third and a fourth ; thefe were 
 the Marquefas difcovered in 1 595 by Mcndana. After 
 various unfuccefsful trials to come to an anchor, we 
 ciime at lafl'beforc Mendana's port, and anchored in 
 thirty-four fathonu water, at the entrance of the bay. 
 Several canoes appeared, filled with natives, but it was 
 with fome difficulty they were pcrfuadcd to come along- 
 fide ; they were at lafl induced by fome fpike nails and 
 9 hatchet. From thefe people we got fume fifh and 
 fruit. Great numbers of them came along-fide ntxt 
 morning, and brought with them one pig, fome bread- 
 fruit and plantains, for which they received nails, &c. 
 We often detedcd them in keeping our ^lods, and 
 making no return ; which pradice was not put a ftop 
 to till Capt. Cook fired a mufket-ball over the head of 
 one man, who had repeatedly ferved us fo. Wc wanted 
 to get farther into the bay, and accordingly fought after 
 a convenient place to moor the (hip in. When Capt. 
 Cook faw there were too manv natives on board, he dc- 
 fired that they might he well looked after, or they would 
 ceruinly commit many thefts. Before the capuin was 
 well got into the boat, he wu told that a canoe, with 
 fome men in her, were making off with one of the 
 iron (lanchions from the oppofite gangway. The cap- 
 tain iinmcdiateljr ordered (hem 10 lire over the canoe. 
 
 but not to kill any body. There was fuch 1 noifc on 
 board, that his orders were not diflindly heard, and 
 the poor thief was killed at the third (hot. The reft 
 that were in the canoe leaped overboard, but got in 
 again jufl as Capt. Cook came up to them, and threw 
 overboard the (lanchion. One of the men fat !n"^hing 
 as he laded the blood and water out of the boat, but the 
 other looked very ferious and dejeifled. Wc after- 
 wards had reafon to think that the father of the latter 
 had been (hot. The natives retired with great precipi- 
 tation at this unhappy accident ; but their fears were in 
 fome meafure allayed by the captain's following them 
 into the bay, and making them prefents. We found 
 fre(h water a(horc, which wc very much wanted. One 
 would have imagined that the fetality attending one 
 poor fellow's thieving, would have difcouragcd thera 
 from making any more attempts of the like nature t 
 but no fooner was our kedgc anchor out, but two men 
 came from the (hore, wanting to take away the buoy, 
 not knowing what was faftened to it. I^eft they fbould 
 take away the buoy, a (hot was fired, which fell flwrt 
 of them: of thi| they took not the leaft notice ; but 
 when another was fired, which went over their heads, 
 they inftantly let go the buoy, and returned to the 
 (hore. This laft fnot had a mwd t{[c&. ; for by this 
 they faw that they were not Tafe at any diflance. and 
 they were ever afterwards much terrified at the fight of 
 the mufket. However, they (lill continued to pradife 
 their art of thieving; but it was judged better to 
 
 St up with it. as we did not intend making a long 
 y here. A man who had the appearance of a chief 
 came off to us with a pig upon his (houlder ; he waa 
 prefcntcd with a hatchet in return, and afterwards great 
 
 numbers 
 
 m 
 
 
148 
 
 C«pf. COOK* VOVAOE8 COMPLETE. 
 
 ill 
 
 |l 
 
 It ! 
 
 numbcn of the nativei came alnng.<ide. ami carrM 
 on fomc traffic. Pracc being now eilaMifhrd, another 
 party of men were fcnt afhorc. lite natives received 
 lu civilly, and we got a fuppiv of water, ai well a« 
 route hog* and fruit. On the ytn, amnhcr party went 
 alhore, and were tnet by a chief of foiitc confequence, 
 attend d by feveral of the nativri. Prcfentt were inado 
 to him I but we could not prevail on him to return 
 with u« to dinner. In the afternoon another partv waa 
 made to the fouthem cove, which came to ttte noufe 
 that bekmaed to the man we had killed. Hii Ion inhe- 
 rited hit fuMance, which con(i(ted of five or fix pigi i 
 but he fled at our approach. We (hould have been 
 
 S'ad to have fcen him, aa we wanted to convince him 
 at we bore the nation no ilUwill, though we killed 
 hit father, and to have nwdc him fomc prefenta by way 
 of a fmail conipenfation. We collected a good many 
 pigi and other refrelhmcnt* ihia day, and returned 
 on board in the evening. We alfo obtained feveral 
 pigi from the diflercnt canoei that came along-fide of 
 IK on the loth inftant i and by this time we had a fuf. 
 ficicnt number to atford the crcwi a frelh meal. A 
 party wat made on thii day, which was fucccfaful In 
 the purchafc of feveral more pigi, and a large quantity 
 of fruit. We had now a fine profpcdt of getting a 
 fupply of all manner of refreflimenti i but our expec- 
 tationi were fruOratcd, by ibme of our crew having 
 been on Ihore, and felling them fuch articlci as they 
 had never before feen, which made the natives dcfpifc 
 the hatchets and nails, which before they fo much 
 prized. As this was the cafe, and we hod much need 
 of refrefliment, having been a long time at fea, it was 
 determined to remove our quarters, and make fail for 
 Otaheitc, hoping to fall in with fomc of thofc iflands 
 difcovered by the Dutch and other navigators, where 
 our wants might he etfeetualiy relieved. vVc had been 
 nineteen weeks at fea, livinp the whole time iipon fait 
 
 f)rnviiions, and therefore could not but want (uinc rc- 
 relhmcnts ; yet we mult own, with gratefiil acknow- 
 Icdgnu-nts to ^oodncfs fuprcme, that on our arrival 
 here, it lould darccly hcfaid we had one lick man, and 
 but a few who had the leart complaint. This Capt. 
 Cook attributed to the number of antifcorbutic articles 
 on board, and to the great attention of the furgeon, 
 vho was very careful to apply them in time. On Mon- 
 tlay, the i ith, at three o'clock, we weighed from St. 
 Chriflina, and ftood over for La Dommica, and the 
 night was fpent in plying between the two ifles. On 
 the 1 2th, we ftccred to the S, and at five P. M. Refo- 
 lution Bay bore E. N. E. half E. didant five leagues, 
 and the illand of Magdalcna about nine leagues, which 
 was the only view wc had of it. 
 But we Ihall now in our lurrative return to the Mar- 
 
 3ucfas. Thcfe are five in number, namely, La Mag- 
 alena, St. Pedro. La Dominica, Santa Chriftina, and 
 what we named Hood's Ifland, which it the noahero- 
 mod, in latitude 9 deg. 36 min. S. Its breadth is un- 
 equal, and it is about 1 6 leagues in circumference. The 
 furface is full of rugged hills rifine in ridges, which 
 are disjoinctj by deep valleys cloatned with wood, aa 
 arc the tides of fome of the hills < the afped it. however, 
 barren t yet it is neverthelela inAiabitea. St. Pedro to 
 about tjtree Icaguet in circuit, and lietlbuth four leagues 
 and a half from the eaft end of Im Dominica. Cnrif- 
 tina lies under the hme paralKI, four leaoue* more to 
 ijttc wed. This ifle it Auie mil^ ih kqcD^* and about 
 twenty-one in circumference. Thefe Tihiida otxupjr 
 one degree in latitude, and n'-^rly half ■'(kp*^ ^ lon- 
 gitude, namely, from 138 de^. 47 min. to 139 deg. 11 
 min. W. which is th^ longitude of the weft cmI a 
 Dominica. 
 
 The port of Madre de Diot. which was named Re- 
 folution Bay, is fituated not far from the middle of the 
 weft fide of St. Chriftina, under the higfaeft hnd in the 
 illand. The fouth point of the bay is a fteep rock, termi- 
 nating in a peaked hill. The north point is iwt fb 
 high, and rifet in a more gentle flmae. In the our are 
 two fandy covet ; in caclr of which it a rivulet m a- 
 cellent' water. For wooding and watering, the northern 
 cove is nioft convenient. We (aw here the Uttl« caf- 
 
 I 
 
 cade nMMioiMd bv Q^inM, Mcndana't pilot 1 bit ihc 
 village it in the other cove. 
 
 Ihe productions of thefe iflet, which came within 
 our knowledge, are nearly the lame u at the Society 
 ifles, namely, hogi, fowls, plantaina, yana^ and fome 
 other roots 1 alio bread fruit and cocaa>nuts, but of 
 thcfe not in abundaiK-e. TriHct highly valued at the 
 Society Ides, are lightly cftecmcd here, and even naih^ 
 at laft, in their opmion, loft their value. 
 
 The natives, in general, are the Hncf) nice of people 
 in thit fea. They furpafs all other nations for (hap« 
 and regular features. I'he affinity of their langtMge to 
 that of Otaheite, and the Society Ittn, flxws that thcv 
 are of the fame nation. Oedidee could converfe witn 
 them, though we could not. I'he men are curioufl/ 
 tattoawed. from head to toot, with various figures, that 
 fcem to be diredled more by fancy than by cufloin. 
 Thcfe punduret caufe the ikin to appear of a dark 
 I i but the women who arc not much punAured, and 
 youtht who are not at all, are as fair as fome Euro- 
 iicans. The men are about -five feet fix inches high 1 
 out none of them were fat and lufty like the Earces of 
 Otaheite, yet we faw not any that could be caUad 
 meagre. Their eyes ai:c neither full nor lively 1 their 
 teeth not fo good as thofe of other nations, and their 
 hair it of many colours, except red. Sonte have it 
 long ( xhe moft prevailing cuftoin is to wear it lltort 1 
 but a bunch on each ftde of the crown they tie in • 
 knot. In trimming their beards, which is in general 
 long, they obferve difTerent modes : fome part it, and 
 tie it in two bunches under the chini fome plait it, fome 
 wear it loofe, and others quite Oiort. Their cloathing 
 is murh the fame as at Otaheite, but not fo good, nor 
 in fuch plent)'. The men, for the moft part, cover 
 their nakcdncfs with the Marra, which is a Ilip of cloth 
 paired roiiiul the waift, and between the legs. I'hit 
 iimple drefs is quite fufficlent for modefty, and the cli- 
 mate. The women wear a pi<-ce of 4loth round their 
 loint, like a petticoat, reaching below the middle of 
 their legs, and a loofe mantle over their (houldert. ' 
 Their head-drcfs, and what krms to l>c their principal 
 ornament, is a broad fillet, made curioufly of the fibrea 
 of the huflis of cocoa.4iuts, in the front of which is 
 placed a mother-of-pearl (hell, wrought round to the 
 (ize of a tea-faucar. Near this it one fmaller, of very 
 fine tortoifefhell, perforated in niriout figureti and in 
 the center is another round piece of mother-of-pearl, 
 about the fize of half a crown; before which is another 
 piece of perforated tortoifcfhell tha fize of a fliilling. 
 Some have this decoration on eteh fide, in fmalldr. 
 pieces I and all have annexed to them the tail-feather* 
 of cocks or tropic birds, which ftand upright, and the 
 whole raaket a very fingular ornament. Round the 
 neck they wear a kind of rufl^or necklace of light wood* 
 covered with fmall red peat, fixed on with gum. 
 Round their legt and arms they have bunches of hu- 
 man hair, fiiftened to a ftring. Inftead of hair thtf 
 fometimet ufe fhort feathers 1 but all thefe oraamenu 
 we feldom faw on the fame perfbn. The chief, indeed, 
 who came to vifit us,wascompIetelydre(redin thisnum- 
 nert but their ordinary ornaments are necklaces and 
 amulets compofcd of fhelis, &c. All had their cars 
 pierced, yet we law not any with ear-rings. 
 
 Their houfes are in the valleys, and on the fides of 
 hills, near their planutioni, built after the fame man- 
 ner ar at Ouheitc, but much meaner, being only co- 
 vered with the leaves of the bread-tree. Mtnt of them 
 are built en a pavement of fhone, an oblong, or fquare. 
 which is lailM above the levd of the sround. Thefe - 
 pavements arc liitewife*nsar their dwelitngt, on which 
 they eat and amufe thrnifdves. In their eating thefe 
 ptootc are not veryctaady. They are alfo diinr in 
 their cookery. They drefe their pork in an oven ot hoc 
 ftones; but fiuit and roou tjM^ roaft, and having 
 taken ofl^ the rind, they pot them into a Uough wii^ 
 water, out of which we nave feen both menmdiwgs 
 eat at the fame <ime. Once we faw them make • bai- 
 ter of fiuit and todit in a vefld that was loaded wMi 
 dirt, and out of which the ht^s had been that moment 
 eating, without wafhing either that, cf their hands, 
 
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Cook's SECON D voyage— for tnaking Difcovertes in the SoUth Seat & Round the JVorlJ. 1 49 
 
 Which were equally dirty ; but the adiona of a few in- 
 dividuals arc not (ufficient to fix a cuftoin on a whole 
 nation. Their weapon* arc clubs and fpcars. They 
 have alfo flings with which they throw ftbnes with great 
 velocity, but not with a good aim. Their canoes arc 
 made of wood, and the bark of a foft tree, which 
 grows near the fea, and is very proper for the purpofe. 
 Their length is from lixteen to twenty feet, and their 
 breadth Soaax. fifteen inches. The head and ftcm are 
 " formed out of two folid pieces of wood ; the former 
 is curved, and the latter ends in a point ; the latter, 
 which projcds horizontally, is decorated with a rude 
 carved figure, having a famt rcfemblance of a human 
 fliapc and face. Some of thefe canoes have a lattren 
 fail, but they are generally rowed with paddles. The 
 only tame fowls we faw were cocks and hens ; and of 
 quadrupeos no other than hogs; but the woods were 
 well inhabited by fmall birds, whofe plumage is ex> 
 ceeding beautiful, and their notes fwcctly varied. Wc 
 did not (hoot as many of them as we might have done, 
 from apprchcnfions of alarming and terrifying the na- 
 tivcsi 
 
 On Sunday, the 17th, at ten o'clock A. M. having 
 ftcercJ W. by S. land was fcen bearing W. half N. 
 being a chain of bw iflots, connected tttoethcr by a 
 reef of coral rooks. We ranged the N. W. coaft till 
 we came to a creek or inlet, and which Teemed to have 
 a comimmication with a lake in the center of the ifland. 
 Having a dciirc of furvcying thefe half drowned iflots, 
 we hoifled out a boat, and fent the iiiafter in to found. 
 While the Kefolution ran along the coafl, the natives 
 were feen in different places armed with lorig fpcars and 
 clubs, and a group of them were obfervcd on one fide 
 of the creek. As they fhewed fome figns of a friendly 
 difpofition, two boats were Tent afliorc well armecl, 
 under the command of Lieutenant Cooper, who was 
 accompanied by Mr. Forfter. Wc faw our people land 
 without any oppofition from a few natives handing on 
 the fliore ; but perceiving, a little time after, forty or 
 fifty, all armed, coming down to join them, we flood 
 clofer in Ihore, with the view of fupporting our people 
 in cafe they fliould be attacked -, but our boat returned 
 without any thing of this kind having happened. By 
 Mr. Cooper we were informed, that many of the na- 
 tives hovcrtxl about the fl<irtsof the wood with fpears 
 in their hands ; and that the prcfents he made to thofe 
 «:» Ihore were rcceivetl with great coolnefs. When 
 their reinforcement arrived, his party thought it moll 
 prudent to iiiibark, cfpecially as the captain had or- 
 dered thciu to avoid, if pofTiblc, an attack. When 
 the crew, &c. were all in the boats, fome of the na- 
 tives attempted to pufli them oflj others feemed dif- 
 p«ifed to detain them j at length they futfered our peo- 
 ple to depart at their.leifure. One of them procured a 
 dog for a tingle plantain, which led us to conjedure 
 this was not a production of their ifland ; indeed, they 
 faw no fruit but cocoa-nuts, of which they could get, 
 by barter, only two dozen. When the mafler returned 
 from founding in the creek, he reported that there was 
 no nalFage from thence into the lake ; and that the 
 crecK, at its entrance, was fifty fathoms wide, and 
 thirty deep ; farther up thirty wide, and twelve deep ; 
 that the bottom was rocky, and the fides bounded by 
 coral rocks. We were not inclined to run the fliip into 
 fuch a place, and therefore, after having formed fome 
 judgment of the natives, we prepared to proceed on 
 new difcovcrics. 
 
 The natives call this ifland Tiookca, which was dif- 
 covercd and. vifited by Commodore Byron. It is of an 
 oval form, about thirty miles in circumference, and 
 lies in «4dcg. 27 min. ^o fee. S. latitude, and in 144 
 deg. 56 niin. W. longitude. They, and perhaps all 
 the inhabitants of the low iflands, are o*" a much 
 darker colour than thofe of the higher ones, and f»em 
 more favaee in their nature., Thefe low iflands are 
 not fb fertile as Ibme others { the inhabitants arc much 
 cxpofed to the (un ; they depe<Kl upon the fca for their 
 fupport, by which means "jey are darker in colour, 
 and more robufl j yet 'Wre is no doubt of their being 
 of the fame luti'i. A iifh is an cniblcin of their pro- 
 No. *7' 
 
 feflion, and a figure of one was liiarked on the boilicii 
 of the men, who in general are well madcj flout, and 
 fierce. 
 
 On Monday, the 1 8ih, we faw flich dnothcr ifland 
 as that we haa left, to the weftward, which «e rrachcd 
 by eight o'clock A. M. We ranged the 8. E; fide at 
 one mile diflant from the Ihore. It lies S. W. by Wi 
 two leagues from the w efl end of Tiookca, irt 1 4 deg; 
 37 min. 9. latitude, and in 145 deg. 10 min. W; Idn- 
 gitudb. Thefe we apprehend to be the fame, to which 
 Commodore Byron gave the name of George's iflands. 
 We left them on the i^th, and at fevcn o'clock A. M. 
 difcovcred another of thefe half-overflowed iflands, 
 which are fo-common in thefe fbuthern latitudes. In 
 general they are furroundcJ with ah unfathomable fea^ 
 and their interior parts are covered with kikes, which 
 would be excellent harbours, were they not ihut up 
 from the accefs of (hipping, which, according to the 
 report of the natives, is the cafe with moft of them. 
 Of the great number we ranged, not a paflage was to 
 be difcovcred into one of them. Wc were told, that 
 they abound with fifli, particularly turtle, on which 
 the natives fublifl, and fometimes exchange with the 
 inhabitants of the higher iflands for cloth, &c. This 
 ifland, (by Which, • ile in this pait of the ocean, we 
 would be underftooii t.o mean a number of 'little iflcs, 
 or iflots, conneded together into one by a reef of coral 
 rocks) is about five leagues long, and three broad^ and 
 is in I j deg. 26 min. S. latitude, and in 146 deg. 20 
 min. longitude. Near the fouth end wc difcovcred 
 from the mafl head, diflant four leagues^ another of 
 thefe low ifles j foon after a third, bearing S; W. by S. 
 It extends W. N. W and K. S. E. in which diredtion 
 its length is twenty-one miles, but its breadth not more 
 than fix. It appears, in every rcfpcd, like the reft, 
 only it has fewer iflots, and Icfs firm land on the reef 
 which furrounds the lake. While ranging the north coaft, 
 we faw people, huts, canoes, and what appeared to be 
 ftagcs for drying of fifli. The natives w ere armed w ith 
 the fame weapons, and feemed to be the fame fort, as 
 thofe in the ifland of Tiookca. Approaching liow the 
 welt end we faw a fourth ifland, bearing N. N. E. It 
 lies fix leagues weft from the firft. Thefe four cluftersj 
 we named Pallifcr's ifles, in honour of Sir Hugh Pal- 
 lifer, comptroller of the navy. 
 
 OnWednefday the 20th, at day-break, hauling round 
 the weft end of the third ifland, we found a great fwell 
 rolling in from the S. by which wc knew that we were 
 clear of thefe low iflands; and being not within fight of 
 land, we made the beft of our w ay for Otahcite, hav- 
 ing a ftrong gale at caft, attended w ith Ihowcrs of rain. 
 It is here necelTary to take notice, that this part of the 
 ocean, from the latitude 20 deg. down to 1 2 deg. and 
 from the meridian of ij8 deg. to 150 deg. W. is fo 
 ftrewed with low ifles, that a navigator cannot pr«x:ecd 
 with too much circumfpedtion ; but whether thefe ifles 
 be any of thofe difcovcred, and laid down in the charts 
 of the Dutch navigatws, cannot be^ determined with 
 any degree of certainty ; cfpecially when we confider, 
 that their difcovcrics are not handed down to us with 
 fufficient accuracy. Thurfday, the 2 ifl, we made the 
 high land of Otaheite; by fun-fet was in with Point 
 Venus, and the next morning, at eight o'clock, an- 
 chored in Matavai Bay, in fcven fichoms water. Our 
 arrival was no fooner known to the natives, than the/ 
 paid us a vilit, exprefled the moll lively congratula- 
 tions, and fupplicd >« with fifh and fruit fuflicient for 
 the whole crew. Our firfl bulincfs was to erect tents 
 for the rccepf'onof fuch of our people as were required 
 on fliore- Sick we had none, for the rcfrefliments we 
 got »' the Marquefas, had been the incans of removing 
 vvery complaint of the fcorbutic kind, and of pre- 
 ferving the whole crew in good health; We alfo lint 
 afliore Mr. Wales's inftruments i our thief rcafon fiir 
 putting into this place being to afford him an onpor- 
 tunity to afcertain the error of the watch by the know n 
 longitude, and to determine precifcly its rate of going. 
 . On Sunday, the 34th, Otoo and other chiefs, with a 
 train of attendants, brought us ten large hogs, bclidcs 
 fruit, which made their vUit exceedingly agreeable. A» 
 ^ P the 
 
• 
 
 i 
 
 150 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO'MPLfeTE. 
 
 i 
 
 i' '' 
 
 1 
 
 i'^ 
 
 the king's coining had been announced to us, and know- 
 ii^ how'inuch it was our intcreft to keep this chief our 
 fncnd, Capt. Cook met him at the tenu. andconduded 
 the whole of this retinue, with himfcif, on board, 
 where they (laid dinner, and appeared highly pleafed 
 with their reception. Next day, notwithUandmg we 
 had much thunder, lightning, and rain, the kingcame 
 again to fee us, and brought with him another prcfent, 
 confiding of a large quantity of refrefhmente. When 
 at Amilerdam, we had colleded, aitwng other curio- 
 fities, fomc red parrot feathers. Thefc precious va- 
 luables procured us hogs, fruit, and every other thing 
 the idand afforded. Our having them was a fortunate 
 circumftance ; for our Hock in trade bcii% greatly ex- 
 haufted, without thefe we thould have foum) it diffi- 
 cult to have fupplied the (hip with nccelTary refrcfh- 
 ments. When we put into this ifland, we intended to 
 ftay no longer than Mr. Wales had made the ncceilary 
 obfervations for the purpofes already mentioned ; and 
 fuppofing we Ihould meet with no better fuccefs than 
 we did the laft time we were here. But the reception 
 we had already met with, and the few excurlioas we had 
 made to the plains of Mauvai and Oparrce, convinced 
 us of our error ; for at thefe two places we found built, 
 and building, a large number of canoes and houfes of 
 ever)' kind : people living in fpacious houfes, whohad 
 not a place to fheltcr themfelves in eight months be- 
 fore ; alfa feveral hogs in every houfc, with many other 
 figns of a rifing Itatc. On account of thefe favourable 
 circumftanccs, we refblvcd to make a longer (lay at 
 this ifland, and to repair the (hip, which was now in- 
 difpcnfably neceffary. Accordingly the empty cafks 
 and fails were got afhore, the (bip was ordered to be 
 <;aulked, and the rigging to be overhauled. 
 
 On Tucfday, the e6th, Capt. Cook, accompanied 
 by foine of the ofliccrs and gentlemen, went down to 
 Oparrce, to vifit Otoo by appointment. When arrived, 
 we faw a number of laige canoes in motion, but were 
 much furprized at perceiving more than three hundred 
 ranged along fliore, all completely equipped and 
 manned ; bcndes a vad number of armed men upon 
 the (liore. We landed in the midfl of them, and 
 were received by a vafl multitude, fomc under arms, 
 and fome not. The cry of the former was Tiyono 
 Towha, and of the latter was Tiyo no Otoo. Towha, 
 we afterwards learnt was admiral, or comnnander of 
 the fleet. Upon our landing we were met by a chief, 
 named Tee, uncle to the king, of whom we enquired 
 for Otoo. Soon after we were met by Towha, who re- 
 ceived us in a friendly manner. He took Capt. Cook 
 by the one hand, and Tee by the other, and dragged 
 him, as it were, through the crowd that was divided 
 into two parties, both of which proclaimed themfelves 
 his friends, by crying out Tiyo no Tootee. One party 
 wanted him to go to Otoo, and the other to remain 
 with Towha. When come to the ufual place of au- 
 dience. Tee left us to go and bring the king. Towha 
 infilled on the captain's going with him, but he would 
 not confent. When Tee returned, he took hold of his 
 hand in order to condud him to the king. Towha 
 was unwilling he fhould fit down, and defired him to go 
 with him ; but this chief being a flranger, he refiifed to 
 comply . Tee was very defi rou s of conducting the cap- 
 tain to the king; lowha oppofed, and he was obliged 
 to defire Tee to defifV, and to leave him to the admiral 
 and bis party, who condw^ted him down to the fleet. 
 Here we found two lines of armed men drawn up be- 
 fore the admiral's vefTel, in order to keep olF the crowd 
 that we might go on board ; and when the e<(puinmade 
 an cxcufe, a man fquattcd down, and offered to carry 
 him , but he would not go. At this timeTowha quhtcd 
 us, without our feeing which way he went, nor woula 
 any one inform us. We were now joftled about in the 
 croud. We faw Tee, and imjuirinc of him for the 
 king, he told us he was gone into the county of Ma- 
 taou,' and he advifed us to repair to the boat, which 
 we accordiiffily did, as foon as we could get coliedcd to- 
 gether. When in our boat we took our time to recon- 
 noitre the grand fleet. We told an hundred and fixty 
 large double canoes, equipped, inanaed. and anncd t 
 I 
 
 
 but we believe they had not their full complement of 
 rowen. The chiefs and all thofe on the fighting 
 ftages, were habited in cloth, turbans, bread plates, 
 and heintKU. Some of the latter feemed much to n. 
 cumber the wearer. Be this as it may, the whole of 
 their drefs added a grandeur to the profpedl, and they 
 were fo complaifiint as to (hew themfelves to the bcfl 
 advantage. Their veflels were full drcffed with flags, 
 dreamers, &c. fo that the whole fleet made fuch a 
 noble appearance, aa we had never before feen in 
 this fea, and what no one could haveexpeded. Their 
 indruments of war were clubs, fpears, and dones. 
 The veflels were ranged clofe along fide of each other, 
 having their head* to the diore, and their dcrns to the 
 fea. The admiral's veflcl was nearly in the center. We 
 counted, exdufive of the veiTels of war, an hundred 
 and fevcnty fail of fmaller double canoes, all rigged 
 with mad and fail, which the '>var canoes had not. 
 Thefe vc judged were defigned for tranfports, vidu- 
 allers, &c. for in the war canoes were no forts of pra- 
 vifions whatever. We conjcSured that in thefe tnree 
 hundred and thirty vefTels there were no Icfs than feven 
 thoufand feven hundred and fixty men, a number in- 
 credible, efpecially as we were told they all bcloiu;ed 
 to the didridsof Attahourou and Ahopatca. Moft of 
 the gentlemen, by their calculations, thought the num- 
 ber of men belonging to the wii canoes exceeded this, 
 allowing to each war canoe forty men, and to each of 
 the finall canoes eight. Having viewed this fleet, >t 
 was our intention to have gone on board, could wc have 
 fcen the admiral. We enquired for him but to no pur- 
 pofe. At lad Tee came, by whom we were informed, 
 that Otoo was gone to Matavai. This intelligence gave 
 ri fe to new conjedures. When we got to Matavai , our 
 friends told us, that this fleet was part of the arma- 
 ment intended to go againd Eimeo, whofe chief had 
 thrown off the yoke of Otaheite. Wc were dill at a 
 lofs to account for the flight of Otoo from Oparree, for 
 wc were informed he neither v/as nor had been at Ma- 
 tovai. We therefore went thither again in the after- 
 noon, where we found himj and learnt, that the rea- 
 fon of his abfcondii^ in the morning was, becaufc fome 
 of his people had dole fome of the captain's clothes 
 which were walhing at the tents, and he feared reditu- 
 tion would be dentuinded. He repeatedly afked Capt. 
 Cook if he was not angry, nor could he be eafy till af- 
 fured, that the pilferers might keep the dolen things. 
 Towha alfo was alarmed, thinking that Capt. Cook was 
 difpleafed, and jealous of feeing Tuch a force fo near us, 
 witnout knowing its dedination. It happened unluckily 
 that Oedidee was not with us in the morning ; for Tee, 
 who was the only man wc could depend on, ferved ra- 
 ther to increafe our perplexity. Thus by mutual mif- 
 underdanding, we loft a favourable opportunity of 
 fcrudnizing ale na\nd force of this ifle, and making 
 ourfelves better acquainted with its manoeuvres. It 
 was comnunded by an intelligent and brave chief, who 
 was difpofed to have fatisded us in all quedions we had 
 thought proper to tSk. ; and from the nature of theob- 
 \e£ts, which were before us, we could not well have 
 mifunderdood each other. All midakcs being now 
 re&ified, and prefenu having paflTed between Otoo 
 and Capt. Cook, we took leave and returned on board. 
 On Wednefday, the 17th, in the morning, Towha 
 fent us by two of his fervanu, two large hogs, and 
 fome fruit. The bearers of this prefent had orders 
 not to receive any thing in return, nor would they 
 when offered thenu Some of our gentlemen went 
 with the captain in his boat down to Oparree, where 
 we found Towha, and the king ; after a flwrt vifit, 
 we brought them both on board, together with Tare- 
 vatoo, the king's yoi^ger brother. When we dre^ 
 ~«r the diip, the admiral, who had never feen one be* 
 fore, ^xpicwd ftrong figns of furprize, and whpn oi^ 
 board. n» was duwed, and beheld every part of it 
 with great attenrion. When Towha retired after din- 
 ner, he put a hogonboaH without our knowledge, or 
 waiting for a return 1 and Iomx after Otoo and his a^• 
 tendants departed alfo. There «<m a jealoufy betwee^i 
 thefc two chiefs, on wha( account wc ^oiild aot learn) 
 
 never* 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriet in the South Seas & Round the World, i j i 
 
 cmcnt of 
 fighting 
 
 id plates, 
 
 :h to '.n- 
 whole of 
 and they 
 
 > the Ijcft 
 
 vith flags, 
 
 !e fuch a 
 feen in 
 
 1, Their 
 
 id (loncs. 
 
 »ch other, 
 
 rns to the 
 
 inter. We. 
 
 1 hundred 
 
 ill rigged 
 had not. 
 
 rts, vidu- 
 
 ts of pro- 
 
 thefe tnreC 
 
 than fevcn 
 
 lUmber in- 
 
 I belonged 
 
 , Moft of 
 
 t the iium- 
 
 jedcd this, 
 
 to each of 
 
 lis fleet, it 
 
 Id we have 
 
 to no pur- 
 
 : informed, 
 
 igcnce gave 
 
 atavai, our 
 
 the arina- 
 
 : chief had 
 
 re 11 ill at a 
 
 )parree, for 
 
 een at Ma- 
 
 i the aftcr- 
 
 lat the rea- 
 
 :caufe fome 
 
 in's clothes 
 
 ired reftitu- 
 
 ilked Capt. 
 cafy till af- 
 (len things. 
 Cook was 
 _ fo near us, 
 
 |d unluckily 
 ; for Tee, 
 ferved ra- 
 lutual mif- 
 jrtunitv of 
 ,nd making 
 ;uvre$. It 
 chief, who 
 ions we had 
 of theob- 
 well have 
 being now 
 een Otoo 
 onboard. 
 |ng, Towha 
 nogs, and 
 Ihad orders 
 K-ould they 
 lemeh went 
 ce, where 
 [fliort vifit, 
 I with Tare- 
 In WC 6XV0 
 
 leen one bc<« 
 lid when on 
 part of it 
 1 after din- 
 Iwlcdge, or 
 land his ac- 
 ufy between 
 'eotit«m{ 
 never* 
 
 ncverthclcfs Otoo paid Towha much refpwft, and was 
 defirous we Ihould do the fiune. Otoo had the day be- 
 fore frankly declared, that the admiral was not his 
 friend. When on board, both thefe chiefs requeftcd 
 our afliftance againft Tiarabou, notwithftanding dicrc 
 was no rupture at this time between the two ftates, and 
 they had informed us, that their joint forces wer» in- 
 tended againft Eimeo. The reafon of this duplicity 
 we could not find out : perhaps they were dehrous 
 of annexing that kingdom, by our alliance, to their 
 own, as it was formerly : be that as it may, «s Capt. 
 Cook gave them no encouragement, we heard no more 
 on this fubjcdt. Our endeavours to maintain a neu- 
 trality, we believe, were well received by both parties j 
 for next day, being Thurfday, the aSth, Wahea-toua. 
 king of Tiarabou lent us a prefent of a hog, for which 
 he requefted a few red feathers, which were accord- 
 ingly fent him. On the 29th, early in the morning, 
 . Otoo, Towha, and feveral chiefs, again paid us a 
 vifit, and brought with them not only provifions, but 
 fome of the moft choice curiofities oi the ifland, and 
 among other returns, with which they fcemcd well 
 pleafed, the capuin did not forget to repay the civi- 
 lities we had received from the admiral, Towha. Wc 
 muft not omit uking notice, that the preceding even- 
 ing, one of the natives was detected in an attempt to 
 fteal a cafls froju the watering place, and being caught 
 in the ad, he was fent on board, and we put him in 
 irons. Otoo and the other chiefs faw the culprit in this 
 fituaiion, and Otoo earneftly interceded in his behalf, 
 requefting with many intrcaties, that he might be fat 
 at liberty ; but he was told by Capt. Cook, that las our 
 people were puniftied for the Icaft offence committed 
 agamft the natives of Otahcitc, it was but juftice to 
 punifti this man alfo, which he was determined to fee 
 done in an exemplary maniier, efpccially as it was well 
 known, he, Otoo, would not do it himfelf. The man, 
 inconfequencc of the captain's refolution, was conduc- 
 ed aihore to the tents, where a guard was ordered out 
 under arms, and the offender tied up to a poft, Otoo, 
 his fifter, and numy of the natives being fpedators. 
 Otoo and his fdkr begged hard for the man ; with 
 whom the captain expollulated, telling Otoo, how un- 
 juft it was in his people to fteal from us who were their 
 friends, and who never took any thine from them with- 
 out giving certain articles, which he enumerated, in 
 exchange. The capuin laboured alfo to convince 
 Otoo, that the punilhinent he was about to inflift on 
 this man might prove the means of faving the lives 
 of others of his fubjeds ; for if they continued in fuch 
 kind of crimhial pnuaiccs, fome would certainly, one 
 time or another, be (hot dead. We believe he prettv 
 well underftood our commander, and fecmcd fatisfied, 
 only he defired the criminal might not be Matteerpu, 
 (or killed.) The concourfe of people was by this time 
 very great. The capuin therefore drew a line for 
 them at a proper diftance, and then, in the prefence 
 of them all, ordered the fellow two dozen of lafties 
 with a cat-o-nine-tails. This chaftifement he received 
 with great firmnefs, and was then fet at liberty. Upon 
 this the natives were going away, apparently not much 
 pleafed ; which Tovha perceiving, who all the time 
 had remained filent, though very attentive to every 
 thing going on, he ftepped forward, and haran- 
 gued them for near half an hour, in ftiort fentences. 
 Weunderftoodlittleof his fpeech, but from what we 
 could gather, it was a recapitulation of Capt. Cook's : 
 he mentioned feveral advantages they had received from 
 our people ; and having reprimanded them for their 
 jwclent condud, he exhorted them to adopt and purfue 
 a different one for the future. His adion was remark'- 
 ably graceful, and the profound attention of his au- 
 dience, proved him to be a mafterly fpeaker. Otoo 
 ikid not one word. When Towha had concluded his 
 harangue, the marines were ordered to go through 
 their exercife. They fired in vollies with ball, and 
 being very quick in chaigine, and in theif tnamsu- 
 vres, it is fcarcely poffihle to defcribe the aftoniftiment 
 of the natives durii^ the whole time, particularly the 
 Xmazcqiq^t pf (hof^ to whom this fight was quite a 
 
 novelty. The chiefs with all their retinue, now took 
 leave, we are apt to think not Icfs frightened than 
 tdeafcd at what they had feen. In the evening Mr. 
 Forfter and his party returned from an excurfion they 
 had made to the mountains, where they had fpent the 
 night. Mr. Forfter collcded fome new plants, and 
 found others which grew in New Zealand. He faw the 
 ifland of Huaheinc, fituated forty leagues to the weft- 
 ward t whereby -a judgment may be formed of the 
 height of the mountains of Otahcite. 
 
 On Saturday the ^oth, we faw ten war canoes gn 
 through part of their paddling exercife. They were 
 properly equipped for war, anH in landing wcobferved, 
 that the moment the canoe ichcd the ground, all the 
 warriors leaped out, and with the afliftance of a few 
 people on fhore, dragged the canoe on dry land to its 
 proper place; whichaone, every one walked off with 
 his paddle, &c. Such was their expedition, that in five 
 minutes time after putting afhore, no one could tell that 
 any thing, of the Kind had been going forward. The 
 warriors on the ftage encouraged the rowers to exert 
 themfelves, and we obferved fome youths in the curbed 
 ftem elevated above the reft, with white wands in their 
 hands, placed there perhaps to look out, and give no- 
 tice of what they faw. Tiie king's brother Tarevatoo, 
 knowing that Mr. Hodges made drawings of every 
 thing curious, intimated of his own accord, that he 
 might be fent for ; and thus an opportunity was un- 
 cxpedledly afforded our draughtfman, to colledl: ma- 
 terials for a pidure of .the Otaneite fleet, as it appeared 
 when affembled at Oparree. Being prefent when the 
 warriors undreflcd, we could fcarcely conceive how it 
 was pofTible for them to ftand under the quantity of 
 cloth with which they were clad, in time of adion. 
 Many rounds of this compofed a kind of turban or cap, 
 which, in the day of battle, might prevent a broken 
 head, and fome by way of ornament, had fixed to thefe 
 caps dried branches of fmall Ihrubs, interwoven with 
 white feathers. 
 
 On Sunday the 1 ft of May, feveral chiefs fupplicd us 
 with a large quantity of provifions ; and the day follow- 
 ing our fnend Towha fent us a prefent of a hog, and a 
 boat loaded with various forts 01 fruit and roots. We 
 received alfo another prefent from Otoo, brought by 
 Tarevatoo. On the 3d, upon examining into the con- 
 dition of our provifions, we found our bifcuit much 
 decayed, and that the airing we had given it at New 
 Zealand was not of the fervice wc expeded ; we there- 
 fore were now obliged to have it on fhore, where it 
 underwent another airing and picking, in doing which 
 we found a great part thereof wholly rotten and unfit 
 forufe. Wk attributed this decay of our bread to the 
 ice we frequently took in. which made the hold damp 
 and cold, which, when to the north, was fucceeded by 
 a contrary extreme of intcnfe heat ; but whatever was the 
 realcaufeof our lofs, it put us to a fcanty allowance of 
 this valuable article, and we had bad bread to eat bclides. 
 On Thurfday the 5th, in the afternoon, the botanifls 
 made another excurfion up the country, to the moun- 
 tains ; they returned the evening of next day, and in 
 their way made foiuc new difcoveries. On Saturday the 
 7th, in the morning, we found Otoo at the tents, of 
 whom the capuin afkcd leave to cut down fome trees 
 for fiieL He took him to fome growing near the fea 
 fhore, the better to make him comprehend what fort 
 we wanted; and he feemed much pleafed when he 
 underftood, that no trees fhould be cut down that bore 
 any kind of fruit. This affurance from us he repeated 
 feveral times aloud to the people about us. In the 
 afternoon we were honoured, when on hoard, with a 
 vifit from the whole royal family, confifting of Otoo, 
 his father, brother, and two fifters : but this was proper- 
 ly her father's vifit, ^ho brought the capuin a com- 
 plete mourning drefs, a prefent he much valued ; for 
 which he had in return whatever he defired. which was 
 not a little ; and to the reft of the company were pre- 
 fented red feathers. The whole were then conducl^ed 
 afhore in the capuin's boat. Otoo and his friends 
 werefo well pleafed with the reception they met with, 
 that, at parting, ve were granted the liberty of cutting 
 
 down 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ) 
 
 I 
 
 It 
 
 1 » 
 
>5a 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i 
 
 down ia WMMy crccs as wc wanted, and what fort wc 
 plcafcd. 
 
 On SuhiUy the 8th, our fricrtiUy connctli^ions with the 
 natives were interrupted by the negligence of one of 
 our ccntincls at the tents, who had his niufket carried 
 away, he having flept or quitted his poll. We had 
 received an imperfect account of this att'air from Tee, 
 but we undcrQood enough to know that fomething had 
 happened, which alanned the king, who Tec fatd, was 
 under great apprchenfions of being mattecnHied. We 
 therefore toil no time in going alliore; and when land- 
 ed were informed of the whole trartfaiflion Inr the fer- 
 jeant who commanded the party. Moll of the natives 
 nad fled at our approaching the tents. Tarcvatoo flipt 
 from us in a moment, and a few belides Tee had courage 
 to remain. We went immediately in fearch of Otoo, 
 and in the way endeavoured to allay the fears of the 
 people. Havmg advanced (bme diltance from the 
 ihore into the country. Tec on a fuddcn Hopped, and 
 advifcd our returning, faying, he would priK'wd to the 
 mountains, whither Otoo had retired, and inform him, 
 that we were dill his friends; a quelUcii, and if we were 
 angry, that had been alkeii a number of times by the 
 natives. The captain now thought it was to nopurpofe 
 to go farther, we therefore took Tee's advice, and re- 
 torned aboard. After this Oedidee was difpatched to 
 the king, to let him know his fears were groundlcfs, 
 feeing the captain required of him only what was in 
 his power, the return of the mufquct. A fliort time after 
 the departure of Ocdidce, we faw fix large canoes 
 coming round Point Venus. Surpcding that one be- 
 longing to thcfe had commicted the theft, it was refolvcd 
 to intercept them, for which pur^wfc a boat was put 
 off, and another ordered to follow. One of the canoes 
 was ahead of the rcll, and fecmingly making for the 
 fliip. Wc put along tide of her, and found two or 
 three women whom we knew. They faid, they were 
 going aboard the fliip with a prcfcnt to the captain, 
 and that the other canoes were laden with fruit, hogs, 
 &c. Satisfied with this intelligence, the captain re- 
 called his orders tor intercepting them, thinking they 
 alio, as well as this one, were bound for the fliip. We 
 therefore left this fingle canoe within a few yards of it, 
 and proceeded for the fliorc to fpeak with Otoo ; but 
 upon landing wc found he had not been there, llook- 
 ing behind us we faw all the canoes, the one wc had 
 left near the (liip not excepted, making off in the 
 greatert haffe. Vexed at being thus deceived, we 
 refolvcd to purfuc them, and as wc paffed the fliip, 
 Capt. Cook gave orders to fend out anot< r boat tor 
 the fame purpofe. We overtook and brought five out 
 of the lix along-fidc, but the one by which we were 
 outwitted got clear off. This, in which were only a 
 few women, had actually amufed us with falfe (lories, 
 while the others, in which were moll of their effeds, 
 M ere to have made their efcapc. In one of the prizes 
 was a friend of Mr. Forller's, who had hitherto called 
 himfelf an Earce, alfo three women, his wife, daughter, 
 and the mother of the late Toutaha. This chief we 
 would have fcht to Otoo ; but he made many excufes, 
 Ciying, he w as of a rank too low for fuch an honourable 
 tmbaliy; that he was no liarce, but a Manahouna; 
 that an Earee ought to be fent to fix:ak to an Earce ; 
 and that as there were none of this high rank but 
 Otoo and the capuin, it would be much more proper 
 for the captain to go. At this time Tee and Oedidee 
 came on board, and aflurcd us, that the man who had 
 ftole the mufquet was fromTiarabou; and that wc might 
 credit their declaration, they delired us to fend a 
 boat to Wahcatoua, the king of Tiarabou, offering to 
 go themfelves in her, and recover the mufquet. This 
 ftory, though not altogether fatisfaCtory, carried with 
 it an air ofprobability ; and thinking it better to drop 
 the affair altogether, the capuin fuftered Mr. Forfter's 
 friend to depart with his two canoes. ITic other three 
 belonged to Maritata, a Tiarabou chief, on which ac- 
 count it was determined to detain them ; but as Tee 
 and Oedidee both affured us, that Maritata and his 
 people were innocent, they were permitted to go off 
 with their canoes alfo: and (he captain<klircd Tee to 
 
 tell Otdo, that he flwiild give himfelf no farther concern 
 about the mufquet, being fatisficd none of his {Kople 
 had connnittctl the theft. We had now given it up, 
 concluding it td be irrecoverably loll, but in the dulk 
 of the evening it *-as brought to the tents, together 
 with other thmgs We hid not mifTed, by three men, 
 who, as well as fome other people prefent, affirmed, 
 that it was by one belonging to Maritata, by whom the 
 things had been flolen; whenct we concluded both 
 Tee and Oedidee had intcntionallydcccived us. Ever)' 
 one prefent at the refloration of the things, and even 
 they who came afterwards, claimed a reward, all pre- 
 tending to have had fome hand in recovering them. 
 Nuno particularly, a man of fome note, and with whom 
 we were acquainted when here in 1769, played his 
 part in this farce exceeding well. He came with the 
 mofl favage fury imaginable exprcircd in his counte- 
 nance and gcllures; and having a larijc club in his 
 hand,he laid it about hin>mo(l violent]y,m order to con- 
 vince us, how he alone, and to make us fenliblc in 
 what manner he had killed the thief; when at the fame 
 time we all knew that he had been at home, and not 
 out of his houfe the whole tim^e, which flicws that 
 human nature, rcfpc^dng her original pallions and 
 powers, are the fame in every clime, where the fame 
 mflinds, the fame i^erceptive faculties, and the fame 
 feif love univerfally prevail. 
 
 On Monday the 9th, Tee oame again aboard to in- 
 form us, that Otoo was at Oparree, and requclkd of the 
 captain to fend a perfon, to let him know if he was (lill 
 his friend. He was alked, why he had not done thic 
 himfolf, as he was deiired ; he made a trifling excufe, 
 but we thought he had not fcen Otoo. As the natives 
 brought not any thing to market, and a (lop was coni- 
 fequently put to our trade with them, it was judged 
 time ill fpent to fend any more fhiitlefs mcflages ; a 
 party therctbre fet out, w ith Tee in our company, and 
 hiving reached the utmofl boundaries of Oparree, the 
 king at la(l, when we had w aitcd a coniiderabic time, 
 made his appearance. The firll iahitations being over, 
 and having taken our feats under the Ihnde of fome 
 trees, Otoodelirtd the captain to parou (or fpeak), Capt. 
 Cook began with blaming the king forgiving way to 
 groundlcfs alarms, he having always profeli'ed him- 
 felf his friend, and was difplcafed only with thofe of 
 Tiarabou, who were the thieves. The captain was then 
 afked, how he came to tire at the canoes? By way of 
 excufe, he told them they belonged to Maritata, one of 
 whofe people had (lolen the mufquet, and added the 
 captain, " If I had them in my power, I would deftroy 
 them, or any other belonging to the di(lri(it of Tiara> 
 bou." Wc knew this declaration A|'ould pleafc them, 
 from the natural averlion tlu' one kingdom has to the 
 other ; and it was enforced by prclents, which wc 
 believe were the flrongcll arguments in favour of a re- 
 conciliation : for after theic weighty reafons, things 
 were foon reflored to their former Hate, by Otoo's pro- 
 mifing, on the word of a king, that wc (hould be (iij>- 
 
 flied next day with provilions and fruit as ufual. 
 'eace and amity being now once more e(labli(hed, wc 
 accompanied him to his proper relidence at Oparree, 
 where he obliged us with a view of fome of his dock- 
 yards, (for fo they may well be called) where we faw 
 feveral laige canoes, fome building, and others lately 
 built, two of which were the largell we had any where 
 fcen. Having fully gratified our curiofity, we repaired 
 on board with Tee in our company, who, alter he had 
 dined with us, went to acquamt Happi, the king's fa- 
 ther, that all differences were brought to a happy con- 
 cluiion. But we had reafon to think this old chief was 
 not fatisfied withthe terms of the acconmiodation ; fur 
 all the women, and thefe not a few, were fent for out 
 of the fliip, and the next morning, no fupplics whatever 
 were brought, and wc were obliged (or the prefent, 
 to be contented with fome fruit (ent us by our, friends 
 from Oparree. But in the afternoon, Otoo himfelf 
 came to the tents with a large fupply ; and prefcntly 
 after more fruit was brought us than wc knew what to 
 do with : for the natives, we believe, thought themfelvet 
 i ijured equally with ourfelvcs ; and wc Knew they had 
 
 every 
 
H4^ 
 
 cook's second voyage — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 53 
 
 bcin^ over, 
 Ic ol fomc 
 rak). Cape, 
 ng way to 
 slied hiim- 
 th thofc of 
 was then 
 By way of 
 ;ata, one of 
 added the 
 jid deftroy 
 of Tiara- 
 cafc them, 
 has to the 
 which wc 
 of a re- 
 ins, tilings 
 .)too'.s pro- 
 be fiii>- 
 as ufual. 
 }li(hcd, wc 
 Oparree, 
 his dock- 
 re wc faw 
 hers lately 
 any where 
 e repaired 
 tcr he had 
 king's fa- 
 lappy con- 
 chief was 
 lation s for 
 :nt for out 
 :s whatever 
 prefent, 
 :)ur. friends 
 00 himfcif 
 prcfcntly 
 :w what to 
 thcinrdvcj 
 W they had 
 every 
 
 every thing ready for our market, when they were per- 
 mitted to bring them. Otoo defiring to lee fome of 
 the ercat guns fired, his wifti was complied with, but 
 the fight, which was entirely new. gave him as much 
 pain as pleafure ; but in the evening, whtn we enter- 
 tained him with a (hew of fire-works, he cxprclfed much 
 areatcr fatisfadlion. Wc have before had occafion to 
 obfcrvc, that thefe people were continually watching 
 opportunities to rob us ; and feeing the oftcndcrs were 
 continually fcreencd, we cannot but think, that the 
 chiefs either encouraged, or had not power to prevent 
 thieviJh pradtices. We thought it more extraordinary 
 that they (hould fo often attempt what they knew 
 might coft them their lives ; and they well knew alfo 
 they fhould be obliged to make rcftitution, if the ar- 
 ticle ftolen was of any great value. They were fully 
 fenfibleof thefe confcquences, and therefore, the mo- 
 ment a theft was committed, every one took the alarm, 
 and went ofl^ with his moveables as fall as polTible ; 
 but if the article was a trifle, or fuch as weufually gave 
 them, no commotion happened, becaufe, in general, 
 little or no notice was taken of it. Whether we obligc^l 
 them to make reftitution or not, the chief frequently 
 fecreted himfelf, and he muft be reconciled before the 
 people were permitted to bring in any refrefliments: 
 and we arc perfuaded it was by his orders the fupplics 
 were dctaintd from us. Thefe they imagined we could 
 not do without, not confidering, that their war ca- 
 noes, dwellings, and even fruit, were entirely in our 
 power. Their propenfity to thieving muft be almoft 
 irrefiftible, otherwifc our uniform condud towards 
 them would have had its due weight: for, except de- 
 taining their canoes for a time, we never touched the 
 fmalleft article of their property. When two extremes 
 were under our confideration, wc always chofc the moft 
 equitable and mild ; and frequently fettled difputcs, or 
 effeded a reconciliation, by trifling prefents, notwich- 
 (landing wc were the party aggrieved. A prefent to a 
 chief always fuccceded to our wi(h, and put things on 
 a better footing than they hai4 been before. In all <iur 
 differences they were the firft aggreflbrs ; and our peo 
 pie very feldom infringed the rules prefcribed by our 
 commander. Had the captain punued lefs eligible 
 methods,- he might have been a lofer in the end j for 
 had he deftroyed any of the natives, or part of their 
 property, all he could exped would have been the 
 empty honour of obliging them to make the firft ad- 
 vances towards an accommodation. Nor is it certain 
 this would have been the event. They were made our 
 faft friends by three motives ; their own benevolent 
 difpofition, mild treatment from us, and the dread of 
 our fire-arms. Had we not continually had recourfc to 
 the fccond, the firft would have been of little ufe to us.; 
 •nd a too frequent application of fire arms might have 
 excited revenge, perhaps taught them in a little time, 
 that they were not fuch terrible things as they had 
 conceived them at firft to be. They knew their ftrength 
 in the fuperiority of their numbers, and who can fay 
 what an enraged multitude might do by undauntedly 
 clofing with even an European enemy. 
 
 On Wednefday, the nth, a large fupply of fruit 
 came to market, and among the reft a prefent from 
 Towha, the admiral : for which the captain made a 
 fuitable return. At this time all the neceflanr repairs 
 of the (hip being nearly finilhed, it was reiolved to 
 leave Ouheite in a few days ; to this end every thing 
 was ordered oft' from the (hore that the natives might 
 fee we were about to leave them. On th« 1 2 th, Oberea, 
 whom wc had not fcen fince 1769, paid us a vifit, 
 bringing with her hogs and fruit. Otoo alfo came 
 foon after her, with a number of attendants, and a 
 large quantity of provifions. Capt. Cook was very 
 jgenerous in his returns of prefents, and in the evening 
 entrrtained them with fire-works, thinking it might be 
 the laft time we might fee thefe friendly people who 
 had fo liberally relieved our wants. 
 
 On Friday, tlie 13th, we were not ready to fail, but 
 the wind was favourable, and the weather fair. Oe- 
 didee was not yet returned from Attahourou, and va- 
 rious reports were circulated concerning him. Some 
 /fid he was at Matavai ; others, that he intended not 
 1^0. 1 1, 
 
 to return; and there were thofe who affirmed he 
 was at Oparree. With a view of difcovcring the 
 Imth, a party of us repaired to Oparree, wHere 
 wc found him. Towha was alfo here, who, not- 
 withft.-inding he was afflided with ii fwelling in 
 his feet and legs which had taken away the ufe of 
 them, had neverthclefs rcfolvcd to fee the captain be- 
 fore he failed, and had advanced with this intent thus 
 far on his journey. T^c day being far fpcnt, wc were 
 obliged to ftiortcn our ftay, and after having feen Otoo, 
 we returned on board with Oedidce. This youth, we 
 found, was defirous of remaining at Otahcite ; the 
 captain therefore told him he was at liberty to remain 
 here, or to quit us at Ulietea, or to go with us to Eng- 
 land. That if the latter was his choice, he muft look 
 upon him as his father, as it was very probable he 
 would never return to his own country. The youth 
 threw his arms about his neck, wept much, and faid, 
 many of his friends perfuaded him to remain at Ota- 
 hcite. Oedidec was well beloVed in the (hip ; on 
 which account every one was perfuading him to go 
 with us. But Capt. Cook thought it an adl of the 
 higheft injuftice to take a perfon from thefe ides, when 
 there was not the leaft profpedl of his returning, under 
 any promife which was not in his power to perform. In- 
 lieed, at this time, it was quite unneceffary, feeing 
 many young men offered voluntarily to go with us, 
 nay, even to remain and die in Prctanee, as they call 
 our country. Several of our gentlemen would have 
 taken fome as fervants, but Capt. Cook prudently rc- 
 ieded every folicitation of this kind, knowing, they 
 would be of little ufe to us in the courfc of the voya^ ; 
 befides, what had ftill greater weight with the captain, 
 was, that he thought himfelf bound to fee they were 
 afterwards pro, erly taken care of. 
 
 On Saturday, the 1 4th, early in the morning, Ocdi* 
 dee came on board, and Mr. Forfler prevailed upon 
 him to go with us to Ulietea. Towha, Poatatou, 
 Oamo, Happi, Oberea, and many more of our friends 
 paid us a vifit. The wife of Towha was with him, 
 ' and this chief was hoifted in, and placed on a chair, 
 on the quarter deck. Among other prefents, we gave the 
 admiral an Englidi pendant, which, after he had been 
 inftruded in the ufe of it, picafed him more than all 
 the reft. Soon after thefe friends had left us, we faw a 
 number of war canoes coming round the point of 
 Oparree, to which place the captain accompanied by 
 fome of our officers and gentlemen, haftened down, in 
 order to have a nearer view of the fleet. We arrived there 
 before all the canoes were landed, and had an opportu- 
 nity of obferving in w hat manner they approached the 
 (hore. No fooncr had they got before the place where 
 they intended to land, than they formed themfelvcs 
 into diviiions, confifting of three or more canoes la(hed 
 ftjuarc and along-fide of each other ; after which each 
 divilion paddled in for the (hore, one after another, in 
 fo judicious a manner, that they formed, and clofcd a 
 line along the (hore to an inch. The rowers were cn- 
 couragedby their warriors, and direded by a man who 
 ftood with a wand in his hand at the head of the mid- 
 dlemoft velfel. By words and adions he direded the 
 rowers when all (hould paddle, and wheti either the one 
 fide or the other (hould ceafe, &c. for the fteering pad- 
 dles were not fufiicient to dired them. They obferved 
 all thefe motions with fuchquicknefs, and anfwered (b 
 exadly, as plainly fliewed them to be expert in their bu- 
 fincfs. Mr. Hodges made a drawing of them, as thef 
 \xy ranged along tnc (hore, after which we took a nearer 
 view, by going on board feveral of them. 
 
 This fleet, which confifted of forty fail, belonged 
 to the little diftrid of Tettaha, and were come to 
 Oparree, to be reviewed before the king, as the for- 
 mer fleet had been, the manner of whofe equipment 
 we have already dcfcribed, and as that of this fleet 
 was exadly the fame, a repetition muft be here necd- 
 lefs. On this fleet were attending fome fmall double 
 canoes, called Marais, having in their fofc part a kind 
 of double bed place laid over with gretn leaves, each 
 juft fufiicient to contain one perfon. Thefe they told 
 us were to place their dead upon, their chiefs we fup- 
 pofe they meant, otherwifc uieir (lain muft be very 
 2 Q. far. 
 
I. !i 
 
 >54 
 
 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMP L E T E. 
 
 I! 
 
 few. Otoo, at our rcqucd, ordered fomc of their 
 troops to CO through their cxercifc on Ihorc. Two 
 
 Jtrties firlV began a battle with clubs t thev then 
 rocecdcd to fingle combat, and exhibited the va- 
 rious methods of fishting with furpriling agi- 
 lity ; parrying oif the blows and pulhcs with great 
 alcrtnefs and dexteritv. I'heir arms arc clubs and 
 fpears. In ufing the rlub, all blows aimed at the legs, 
 ^ere evaded by leaping over it, and thofc dcfigned tor 
 the head, b^ coucning a little, and leaping on one 
 fide. The ipear, which is ufcd at times as a dart, was 
 parried, by hxing the point of a fpcar in the ground 
 right before them, holding it in an inclined pofitiun, 
 more or Icfs elevated, according as they faw to what part 
 of the body their antagonid intended to make a pulh, 
 or to throM his dart at ; and by moving the hand a lit- 
 Uc to the right or left, cither the one or the other was 
 turned off w ith great eafe. Thefe combatants had no 
 fupcrfluous drefs upon them. An unnccelFary piece of 
 cloth or two which they had on when they began the 
 combat, were prefently torn off by fomc of the fpeda- 
 tors, and given to our gentlemen. This review being 
 over, the fleet departed without any order, as fall as 
 they could be got a-float ; and Otoo conducted us to 
 one of his dock-yards, where the two large pahics, or 
 canoes, were building, each of which was an hundred 
 and eight feet long. They were dcligncd to form one 
 joint double canoe, and were almod ready for launch- 
 ing. The king begged of the captain a grappling 
 and rope, to which he added an En<<;li(l] jack and pen- 
 dant, and defircd the Pahic murht be called the Bri- 
 tannia. This he readily agreed to, und (lie was im- 
 mediately fo named. When we came to the boat, \\c 
 found in it a hog, and a turtle of aliout ihty pounds 
 weight: this had been put in privately by Dtoo's order, 
 that the chiefs about him might not be otiiiided by 
 their being deprived of an eiu.rt.iinment. Ihc king 
 ^TOuld likewife have prcfcnted to us a large iliark tliey 
 had prifoncr in a creek (fome of his lins oeing cut otV 
 to prevent his efcaping) but the cx..cll(.nt pork, and 
 fitli, with which we were fupplied at this ide, had 
 fpoiled our palates for fuch rank food. We were ac- 
 companied on board by the king, an J Tee, his prime 
 miniller, who after dinner took an affedionate fare- 
 well. Otoo had importuned us the whole day, and 
 moft earncftly requefted of us, that we would return to 
 Otaheite. When about to depart, he delired of the 
 captain to pcimit a youth, whom he took by the hand, 
 to go in the Ihip to Amfterdam, in order to collei't for 
 him red feathers. The youth was very delirous Oi go- 
 ing, but as he could not return, the capuin, with the 
 view of fatisfying Otoo, promifed him, that if any 
 fliip (hould be fcnt hither from Britain, the important 
 article of red feathers Hiould not be forgotten. The 
 captain, we believe, was difpofed to have obliged th>. 
 king ; but it is to be remembered, we had refolved to 
 carry no one from the ifles (except Ocdidec, if he chofe 
 to go) and the captain had juft refufed Mr. Forfter the 
 liberty of taking a boy with him, for reafons already 
 mentioned. But if curiofity excited a defire in the 
 youth of Otaheite to go with us, the treatment wc had 
 met with at this place had induced one of our gunner's 
 mates to remain at it. To this end he had formed a 
 plan, which he knew was not to be executed with fuc- 
 cefs while we lay in the bay ; and no fooner were wc 
 out, the fails fct, and the boats out, than he took the 
 opportunity, being a good fwimmer, to flip overboard, 
 lie wi's difcovered before he had got clear of the fliip, 
 and a boat being Iioifled out, prefently returned with 
 the runaway. About midway between -us and the fhore, 
 a, canoe was obferved coming after us, intended without 
 doubt to take him up; for when the people in her faw 
 our boat, they flood off at a greater diflance. This 
 we found >tas a preconcerted plan bctw ecn the man and 
 fome of the natives, with whicti Otoo was acquainted, 
 and had encouraged. The gunner's mate was an Irifh- 
 man by birth, and we had picked him up at Batavia, 
 in our firft voyage. He had neither friends, nor con- 
 nexions, to confine him to any particular part of the 
 world, where then could he be fo happy as a: one of 
 
 thefe ifles } Here he might enjoy in eafe and plenty, 
 not only the neceffaries, but the luxuries of life, which 
 leads us, before we leave this celebrated ifland of Ota. 
 heite, to give fonK account of its prefcnt flatc, efpe- 
 cially as it differs much from what it was even eight 
 months ago ; and in order to give our fubfcribers, and 
 numerous readers a more diflant idea of its fituation, 
 
 general figure, extent, and the charader of its inha- 
 itants, wc mull beg of them to indulge us with the 
 liberty of a recapitulation of feveral things, which 
 have already appeared in detached parts of this work ; 
 that fo the whole may be brought into one view, and its 
 diftind heads ranged in their proper order. Wc have 
 already mentioned the improvements we found in the 
 plains of Oparree and Matavai. The fame was ob- 
 ferved in every other part that came und.er our obfer- 
 vation. It feemed to us almoll incredible, that fo 
 many large canoes and houfes could be built in fo 
 Ihort a (pace as eight months ; but the iron tools which 
 they had got from the Englifh, and other nations, who 
 have lately touched at the ifland, no doubt, had acce- 
 lerated the work, and of hands they cannot be in want. 
 The great increafc in the numb<.-r of their hogs no lefs 
 excited our admiration ; though, probably, they were 
 not fo fcarce when we were here before, as we then ima- 
 gined ; as, not chuflng to part with any, they might 
 have con\ eyed them out of light. 
 
 The fituation of this ifle is perhaps the bed in the 
 world, being expofed to none of thofe viciffitudes of 
 heat and cold, which are obferved to have fo fenlible 
 an efl'ed on the health and fpirits of thofc who live 
 in remoter regions. Its exad polition is from latitude 
 1 7 dcg. 28 mm. to that of 1 7 deg. 53 min. S. and from 
 longitude 1 49 deg. 10 min. to 149 dcg. 40 min. W. Ic 
 lies nearly N. W. and S. £. and is divided into two 
 diflinC^ principalities by an iflhmus, or neck of land« 
 and three miles over. The north-wcfterly divifion is, 
 however, much larger, and more fertile, but by no 
 mean • fb w cU cultivated as the fouth-eaflerly divilion ; 
 which Ihcws, that even the defeds of nature, if we 
 may be allowed to call them fo, have their ufe, in 
 prompting men to induflry and art, to fupply their 
 wants. The figure of the largcfl peninfula, is nearl/ 
 circular, being from N. to S. about twenty miles, and 
 from E. to wert. about the fame. The whole is fur- 
 rounded with a reef of rocks. The leffer peninfula is 
 rather of an oval form, and from the neck of land 
 on the N. W. fide, to the little ifle of Otooareitte on 
 the S. E. is about twelve miles ; but from the mouth 
 of the river Omatea on tlie fouth, to that of Owahe on 
 the north, not more than eight. The circumference 
 of the largeft peninfula is about fixty miles, of the 
 fmalleft alwut twenty-four ; but in failing round both, 
 the line will be extended to ninety nearly. . 
 
 For a particular account of tht produce of the ifland, 
 we are indebted no doubt to the indefatigable induflry 
 of Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander ; in whofc catalogue 
 are the following particulars, namely, bread-fruit, co- 
 coa-nuts, bananas of thirteen forts ; plantains, a fruit 
 not unlike an apple, which when ripe is very pleafant ; 
 fwcet potatoes, yams, cocoas, a kind of arum ; a fruit 
 called by the natives jambu, very delicious s fugar- 
 canc; a root of the faloop kind, called pea; a plant 
 called etbees a fruit named ahee, not unlike a kidney 
 bean, and which, when roaftcd, taftes like chefnuts; 
 a tree called wharra, producing a fruit not unlike i^ 
 pine apple ; a fhrub called nonoj the morinda, which 
 alio produces fruit j a fpecies ei i-'nj and a pl?.t 
 called ava, of which the too,.- •pIv are chewed: all 
 thefe, which ferve the natives for food, the earth pro- 
 duces fponui^eoufly t bcfides which there are a great 
 variety of flinibs and plants, which ferve for various 
 purpofes of building houfes, veffels, tools of different 
 kinds, manufadurcs, dyes, &c. to enumerate which 
 would be tedious. Of four foMited animals the ifland 
 produces but few, none having been fecnby the Euro- 
 peans on their firft landing, but hogs, d^s, and rats^ 
 of which laft the inhabiunts arc very fond. Their 
 wild fowl ari; ducks only, and the birds that haunt the 
 wood, except ftnaU bijds, a^e chiefly pigedns. and pa- 
 
 lo^uetsj 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making i)^«/«r/w in the Sou/A Seas & Round the f^or/J. 1 5 5 
 
 and rats. 
 
 roquets ; but with fi(h the coaft abounds, of whitn the 
 varieties arc numberlefs. Poultry is not in plenty, nor 
 is it fo well flavoured as what we have m Europe. Here 
 it may be proper to obfcrve, that the two goats, which 
 Capt. Furncaux gave to Otoo, when we were laft here, 
 feemed to prorailc fair for anfwcring the end for which 
 they were put on (hore. The ewe Toon after had two 
 female kicb, which were at this time ready to propa- 
 
 fite their fpccies j and the old ewe was again with kid. 
 he natives feemed to be very fond of them, and they 
 to like their fituation ; for they were in exceeding good 
 condition. We may therefore reafonably hope from 
 this circumftance, that, in a few years, they msw be 
 fpread over all the ifles in this ocean. Ihe Iheep 
 which we left, died in a fliort time after; but we un- 
 dcrftood one was yet alive. We alfo fumilhed them 
 with a (lock of cats, not lefs than twenty, befidcswhat 
 we left at Ulictca and Huahcine. 
 
 The natives, particularly the chiefs, are in fizc, ra- 
 ther above the largeft Europeans. Their food, which is 
 of the finipleft kind, is not fach as to promote glut- 
 tony, nor tncir drink, which is chiefly water, calcu- 
 lated to provoke intemperance. Their daily intercourfe 
 with the ocean acculloms them from their youth to 
 exercife ; and the bufinefs ef fifliing, which in nor- 
 thern countries is the mod laborious of all employ, 
 rnents, is by thcni pradifcd as their amufenicnt. They 
 who have rcprcfcntcd them as indolent, becaufc nature 
 fupplies liberally all their wants, have midaken their 
 charadcr. Even their chiefs are artifts, and their 
 houfcs, public edifices, canoes, and manufaifturcs, 
 their utenlils, inftruments of war, working tools, their 
 boats, and filhing tackle, are all jproofs inconteftiblc of 
 their induftry. Employments or this kind tend to ba- 
 ni(h doth ; and no pcrlon was ever known to languifli 
 with an incurable difcafe among them, though it docs 
 not appear, that the medical art has yet made any con- 
 lideral progrefs. Much has been faid, and in general 
 w ith ftridt truth, of the gracefulncfs of their perfons j 
 yet if we were to judge of the whole by Autorou, and 
 Omia, who were brought to England, they might be 
 thought to have liitle claim to that perfedion 1 ^et their 
 chiefs have undoubtedly a comparative dignity; but 
 that comparifon is to be confined at home between 
 prince and peafant, and not extended to European 
 countries, where grace and dignity arc leading cha- 
 radcrs. Their women differ from each other in pcr- 
 fonal charms as in all other countries ; but in flaturc, 
 thofe of fuperior rank take efpecial care to prefcrvc the 
 family diftindion. It is not uncommon tor ladies of 
 the firft rank to flngle out a handfome well-propor- 
 tioned youth, to prevent degeneracy, when the ftature 
 of the family is in danger of being reduced ; but they 
 are otherwife fcrupulous in nothing fo much as in mix- 
 ing with the canaille, and there is fcarcely an inflance 
 of their cohabiting indifcriminately with the lower 
 clafa of people. '1 nere is, perhaps, no nation where 
 the pride of anceftry is carried to a greater height, and 
 yet they have no means of recording their pedigree, 
 but bv oral tradition, nor any rule for continuing the 
 line, but what nature has imprefTed upon the mother. 
 Having no fchooU, nothing is to be acquired by edu- 
 cation, example is their prmcipal inflrudlor and guide : 
 the patterri fet by the father is followed by the fon, and 
 what the mother docs, that the daughter learns ; but 
 this is not to be undcrdood to perpetuate hufbandry and 
 arts, as in China, in particular families ; for in Ota- 
 heitc hufbandry and arts arc not impofcd as taiks, but 
 ^rc rather amufements to pafs away time. None ate 
 (Compelled to work, yet all are employed ; their ^vetal 
 ftations chance fecms to have allotted ; and here is no 
 murmuring againll providence for not being more 
 bountiful. One precaution obferved among the great 
 in order to give vigour to their chiefs muft not be 
 pmitted, and that is, they never fuffer an intercourfe 
 between the fexes till both parties arrive at full matu- 
 rity. The very reverfc of this is pradticed by the mul- 
 titude, who in general are as much below the common 
 ttandard as their chiefs exceed it. They are almoft all 
 tatfOMcd, women as well as men. In this there fecms 
 
 to be Ibmething myflical 1 the prieft performs the ope- 
 ration, and the very children are encouraged by ex- 
 ample to endure the pain, than which nothing can be 
 more acute. To have a thoufand pundurcs all at 
 once, with the blood flatting at every pundure, is 
 more, one would think, than a child could bear, yet 
 they fuffer it with a fortitude of which in Europe an 
 inflance cannot be found. Their hair is ahiiofl uni- 
 verfally black. The men wear it long, waving in 
 ringlets dowa their flioulders ; but the womeq cut it 
 fhort round their cars : both fexes fuflfcr none to grow 
 under their arms ; and are very delicate in keeping 
 every part about them fwcet and clean. To this end 
 they frequently bathe, feldom fuffcring a day to pafi 
 without jgoing into the water more than once. Indeed 
 they anomt their heads with an oil expreffed from the 
 cocoa-nut, which fomctimes proves rancid, and emits 
 a difagreeable fmell ; otherwife in their perfons they arc 
 without a taint. Mr. Banks faid, " that If our failors 
 quarrelled with thefe people, they would not agree with 
 angcla," which fufficicntly denotes thecoodncls of their 
 dilpofition. We have mentioned that Waheatoua is re- 
 lated to Otoo. The fame may be faid of the chiefs. of 
 Eimeo, Tapamannoo, Huahcine, Ulictea, Otaha, Bo- 
 labola, for thefe are all related to the royal fainily cf 
 Otaheite. It is a maxim with the Earccs, and others 
 of fuperior rank, as we have juft obferved, never to in- 
 termarry with the Toutous, or others of inferior rank ; 
 and probably this cullom might give rife to the efla- 
 blilhmcnt of the elafs calt^rd Earceoies : it is certain 
 thefe focietics prevent greatly the increafe of the fupe- 
 rior clafFes of people, of which they are compofcd, and 
 do not interfere with the lower or Toutous ; for we ne- 
 ver heard of one of thefe being an Earrcoy ; nor that a 
 Toutou could rife in life above the rank in which he 
 was placed by his birth. 
 
 Tnecuftomsof thefe people obferved in their cjiting, 
 as our readers muft have perceived from what has al- 
 ready been faid on this fubjed, are very fingular, and 
 they fecm to entertain fome fuperftitious notions, not 
 eafily difcoverable by ftrangers. The women are not 
 permitted to eat with the men ; not, as it fhould fccm, 
 to mark their inferiority, but in conformity to a cullom 
 which habit has eftablilhcd into a la)y ; nor is it ufual 
 for any of them to eat in company, except upon cer- 
 tain days of fcftivity, when great numbers of them af^ 
 femble together. A mefTenger from one of our Eng- 
 lifh captains found Oberea, the then fuppofed queen of 
 the illand, entertaining a company, which he fuppofed 
 could not be lefs than a thoufand. The mefTes were all 
 brought to her by the fervants, who had prepared 
 them ; the meat being put into the fliclls of cocoa-> 
 nuts, and the fliells into wooden trays ; and fhe diftri- 
 buted them with her own hands to the guefts, w ho were 
 featcd in rows. This done (he fat down herfelf upon a 
 feat fomew hat elevated above the reft, and two women 
 placing themfelves, one on each fide, fed her like a 
 child. When flie faw the mefTenger, fhe ordered a 
 mefs for him. They have two ways of drefling their 
 animal food, namely, broiling and baking. The firfl 
 is performed over hot flones, without any other con- 
 trivance than that of placing the meat upon the clean 
 flones, and when done enough on one fide, they turn 
 it, and broil the other. Their manner of baking is 
 very fingular and curious. They firfl dig a hole in the 
 ground, in depth and dimenfions proportioned to the 
 thing they have to drefs ; they then place a layer of 
 wood at bottom, and over that a layer of ftones ; and 
 fo alternately a laver of wood and a layer of ftones, till 
 the hole is full : the fire is then kindled, and the ftones 
 made hot; this done they uke out the fire, and 
 placing the flones that are leaft heated one belide the 
 other at the bottom of the hole, they cover them w ith 
 frefh leaves ; and on thefe they put the meat intended to 
 be baked; then after laying another layer of green 
 leaves, they fill up the hole with the remaining hdi 
 (loncs, and elofc the whole with the mould that was firfl; 
 dugout of the pit. In this fituation the meat is fuf- 
 ftttd to remain for three or four hours ; and w hen 
 ; taken out is then fo favoury, as not to be exceeded by 
 
 the 
 
156 
 
 Capl. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 :1 
 
 tl 
 
 1 iiii«i y^ i 
 
 I 
 
 the beft European cookery. Alinoft all the Ht(h and 
 fifti eaten by the chiefs in the ifland is dreUld in one 
 or the other of the above two ways : the latter is niofl 
 in ufe among the gentry i and the former among the 
 Commonalty, whofometimes indeed eat their fifli with- 
 out drefling. Tnh'-! they have none, and thofc of the 
 higheft oi'-.-ity dine on the ground under the ftiadc of a 
 fpreadmg tree; frelh green leaves fcrve them fiir a 
 cloth, and a balket which is fct down by them holds 
 their provifion ; thcfc, and two C(Koa-nuts, one filled 
 with fait water, the other with frefli, complete the 
 whole preparation for a meal. When this is done, they 
 wafli their hands and mouths, and then, if nothing 
 calls them abroad, they ufually lay thcmfclvcs doun to 
 flccp. It was long before any of thcni could be pcr- 
 fuaded to eat with Europeans, and they certainly, like 
 the Jews, have fome fupcrftitious ceremonies to be ob- 
 fcrvcd in the preparation of the food they cat, which, 
 if omitted, renders it unclean, or they would not have 
 continued fcrupulous fo long. Even the food of their 
 women is differently prepared from that of the men j 
 And if touched by unhallowed hands, is accounted un- 
 fit for ufe. Some of the gentlemen, when invited to 
 their houfes, eat out of the fame balket, and drank out 
 of the fame cup with their hofts j but it was obfervcd, 
 that the elderly women were always offended with this 
 liberty ; and if they happened to touch the viduals of 
 any of the anticnt matrons, or even the balket that held 
 it, they never failed to exprefs their diflikc, and to 
 throw It away ; nor could the women of falhion ever be 
 pcrfuadcd to eat with the gentlemen, when dining in 
 company : but what fecms moft ft range, and hardly to 
 be accounted for, they would go, five or fix in com- 
 pany, into the fervants apartments, and cat heartily of 
 whatever they could find ; nor did they fcem in the 
 leaft difconcerted, if they were difcovcred ; yet it was 
 not eafy to perfuade any of them when alone, in pri- 
 vate with a gentleman, to eat with him, nor would 
 they ever do it but under the moft folcmn promifcs of 
 fccrecy. 
 
 Their amufements arc various, fuch as mufic, dan- 
 cing, wreftling, fhooting with the bow, darting their 
 lances, fwimming, -^wing, and flinging of (tones. 
 Their mufic it mu. c confcffcd is very imperfect, 
 confifting only of a Hutc and drum, yet with thefe, 
 companies go about che country, and frequent t^eir 
 feftivals, being in equal eftimation with them as mau- 
 rice dancers were formerly with us, and the diverlion 
 they make is notunfimilar. In Ihooting the long bow, 
 or in throwing the lance, they by no means excel ; nci- 
 thcrare they very dexterous at wrcftlingj but at throw- 
 ing ftones, and fwimming, they are perhaps equal to 
 any people upon earth. Among other divcrfions, they 
 have their heivas, nearly corrcfponding with our Eng- 
 lifti wakes. The young people meet together to dance 
 and to make merry ; and at thefe times their minftrels 
 and players conftantly attend, as formerly perfons of 
 the fame charadler were wont to do all over England, 
 and in fome counties the veftiges of that antient cuC- 
 lom remain to this day. At thefe heivas. however, 
 their female performers, in their dances, have no re- 
 
 gard to decency ; and though the fame end was no 
 oubt in view in the inftitution of the wake and heiva, 
 yet what in England was concerted with the utmoft fe- 
 crecy, is publickly avowed and pr;K tifed in Otaheite. 
 But though the inflrumcntal mulic of the Otaheiteans 
 is much confined, their vocal mufic is by no means con- 
 temptible; yet in the fwcetncfs of the voice confifts all 
 the melody, for they have no rules to regulate the 
 tones. Their fongs are accompanied with words of 
 their own compofing, which they can vary into long 
 and fliort verfes, fprightly or iblcmn, as occafion pre- 
 fcnts ; and as their language is exceeding harmonious 
 and mulical, a ft^rangcr is no lefs delighted with the 
 arranteft nonfenfe, than he would be with the moft 
 fublime compofition. The heivas are indifcriminately 
 frequented by all ranks of people ; but there is dill a 
 more exceptionable meeting held by thofe of high rank, 
 to which fuch only are admitted who are properly ini- 
 tiated. Thefe people form a dillin(ft fociety. in which 
 .4 
 
 every woman is common to every man ; and at their 
 meetings, which are dirtinguiflicd by the name of Ar- 
 reoy, the fpoits they pradtife arc beyond imagination 
 wanton. We may trace fomewhat like this in the hif- 
 tory of the anticnt inhabitants of our own ifland. Per- 
 haps it woulil be no exaggeration to add, that in the 
 city of London, there arc as many men as the whole 
 ifland of Otaheite contains, who devote themfelves en- 
 tirely to the plcafures of fenfuality, and who attach 
 themfelves to no one woman, but enjoy indilcrimi- 
 natcly all they may ; and that there are an equal num. 
 ber of women to be met with, who are at all times 
 ready to gratify their delires. 
 
 Drefs, among the ladies of Otaheite, fecms to be as 
 much ftudicd, as in more civilized nations. However, 
 neither the feet or legs, even of the quality, have any 
 covering, or any defence from the ground, or the 
 fcorthing heat of the fun, which at ibme fcafons is 
 very iiuenfc : but they are very nice in ornamenting 
 their heads, and in ftiading their faces. That part of 
 their hcad-drefs, in which they pride thcmfclvcs moff, 
 is threads of human hair, fo dcficatcly plaited, that it 
 is not unufual for them to have garlands of this manu- 
 fadure wound round their heads ; the plaits w hereof be- 
 ing interwove with flowers have a very pretty effe<ft,and 
 are exceedingly becoming to young faces. In their 
 cars they wear ornaments, which, before the European 
 beads, confifted of bone, tortoilhcll, or any thing flii- 
 ning and Ihcwy. The other part of their drefs is very 
 fimple; being a piece of cloth about a yard and a half 
 wide, and between three and four yards long, having a 
 hole cut in the middle, juft big enough to kt the head 
 pafs eafily through ; this flows round them, and covers 
 them a little below the waift j from thence a large 
 (quantity of the fame cloth is gathered in folds, and 
 tied round them as we tie a cravat round the neck, 
 which, being drawn into a large knot, is again fprcad 
 out, and flows artlefsly down before, nearly as low as 
 the knees, while the grcateft quantity of the cloth falls 
 down behind, in appcaranco not unlike the drefs of the 
 Roman orators. This habit is far from being ungrace- 
 ful, and there is little difference between that of the 
 fexes, except that the lower garments of the men arc 
 nearly of an equal length before and behind. The cloth 
 they wear is of very different textures. What is worn 
 in dry weather is no other than paper made of the 
 rinds of trees ; but that which they put on when it 
 rains is more fubftantial, and is properly a kind of 
 matting incomparably plaited. The ihapc of their 
 cloathing, like that of our own. is nearly the fame 
 from the prince to the peaiant. the only diftindtions 
 being the quantity worn, and the colbur ; the lower 
 clafs of people wearing only one finglc garment ; the 
 better fort as many as, were they made of broad cloth, 
 would burden them to carry. One thing, however, ap- 
 pears Angular. When they falute each other, they 
 conftantly unbare themfelves from the waift upwards, 
 throwing off their tunics, as we may call them, with 
 the fame eafe, and for the fame purpofc, as we pull 
 off our hats. This falutation is common to the wo- 
 men as well as the men, and is the univerfal pradlice. 
 We have occafionally mentioned how fond the people 
 of Otaheite arc of red feathers, which they call Oora ; 
 and thefe are as highly valued here as jewels are in Eu- 
 rope ; efpecially wl^at they call Oravine, which grow on 
 the head of the green paroquet ; and though all red 
 feathers plcafe, none are efteemed equally with thefe. 
 They are fuch good judges as to know very well 
 how to diftinguifli one fort from another ; and many 
 of our people attempted in vain to deceive them with 
 other feathers dyed red. Thefe ornaments of drefs are 
 made up in little bunches, confifting of eight or ten, 
 and fixed to the end of a fmall cord about three or four 
 inches long, which is made of the outfide fibres of the 
 cocoa-nut, twifted fo hard that it is like a wire, and 
 ferves as a handle to the bunch. When compofcd in 
 this manner, they are ufed as fymbols of the Eatuas. 
 or divinities, in all their religious ceremonies. Somc> 
 times they hold one of thefe bunches, and at others, 
 only two or three feathers between the fore- finger and 
 
 thumb. 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difi«vtriu in the South Seat & Round the World. \ 57 
 
 ine ungracc- 
 
 thumb. and fay a prayer, not one word of which wc 
 could underftand. Whoever makes a voyage Co thia 
 ifiand, will do well to provide himfelf with red lea- 
 thers, the fineft and fmallcft that arc to be got. l^Iu 
 mud alfo have a good ftock of axes and hatchcti. 
 fpike-nails, files, knives, looking-glaflca, beads, ami 
 cfpecially Ihects and fliirts, which our gentlemen found 
 the ladies very defirous of having. 
 
 The arts in the ifland of Otahcite may be reduced to 
 five, namely, architcilturc, carving, (hip-builJing, na> 
 vigation, and painting. Of their architcdurc there is 
 one remarkable fpccimcn exiting in the greater ifland, 
 which is the Moral, or fepulchral monument of Obcrca. 
 It is a prodigious pile of (lone 267 feet long, and 87 
 wide at the bafc, raifed by flights of (Icps to the height 
 of 44 feet. ThcTe fleps are each four feet high, nar- 
 rowing gradually, till they end in a fmall entablature, 
 on which near the middle Hands the figure of a binl 
 carved in wood ; and at fome diftance the broken frag- 
 ments of a fi(h cut in done. This pile makes a con- 
 fiderable part of one fide of a fquare court, whofc area 
 is 360 feet by 354, inclofed within a ftone wall, and 
 paved with the Jame materials through its whole extent. 
 As this (quare isfurrounded with trees, and has many 
 
 § rowing within it of a particular kind, it forms at a 
 iftance the mod delightful grove that imagination 
 can paint. At what time it was eredcd could not be 
 learnt, for they have no records of paft tranfadions ; 
 but being conltrudcd of coral nones, many of large 
 dimenfions, neatly fquared and polifhed, and fo nicely 
 joined as hardly to difcovcr a feam, it mud fill the 
 mind of a nice obferver with admiration and rapture, 
 while he examines all its parts. To think how fuch a 
 mafs of materials could be brought together in an 
 idand wherein no quarries are to be found ; how thefc 
 materials could be cut with fuch exadhiefs, as to form a 
 pile by rain, without cement, and that with tools little 
 harder than the fubdance to which they were applied ; 
 and, ladly, how thcfe enormous blocks of done could 
 afterwards be raifed to the height of 44 feet, to clofc 
 and cover in the building, mud furely excite the won- 
 der of every ordinary beholder; but to mark the fym- 
 metry of the whole, fo judly proportioned in every 
 part, as to difplay the mod confummatc judgment, 
 mud afford a fead to an enlightened mind, of which an 
 ordinary feaman can have no relidi. This noble druo- 
 ture, and drong proof of genius, will remain the ad- 
 miration of all who may have t^e pleafurc of feeing it, 
 perhaps, as long as the ifland itfcif fliall endure ; for 
 being folid, and without a cavity, no time, that will 
 not equally afled the ifland, can dedroy It. Of their 
 carving in dortt there are but very few ipecimens to be 
 produced, and indeed, when their tools they have to 
 work with are confidcred, it is more to be admired, 
 that there are any, than tliat there are fo few ; but wc 
 have reafon to hope, that now they are made acquainted 
 with the ufe of iron, and have conliderablc quantities 
 of that rnetal among them, that their improvements 
 will fpeedi'y be proportioned to their advantages, and 
 the acutenefs of their underdanding. But of their 
 carving in wood, we faw not a tool, or ordinary utenfil, 
 that did not difcover evident proofs of their expcrtnefs 
 in this art. Their veflels for navigation arc all adorned 
 With it ; and in fome of their penormances an excel- 
 lence is difcemable, which, with fuch tools as they 
 have to work with, no Eutopcan carver could exceed. 
 With regard to their fliip-building, they arc upon a 
 footing with their neighbours, if not at piefcnt fupe- 
 rior to them. Their ordinary veflels arc well adapted 
 to the feas they have to navigate, and we never heard 
 of a iingle indance of one of them being cad away. 
 Mod ofthem^re elevated at the head and dern, for 
 the purpofc of defending the rowers from the furf, 
 which on thefc iflands breaks upon the fhorc with un- 
 common violence, Thofc of Otahcite are in form 
 not unlike the punt boats, with flat bottoms, fuch as 
 are ufed by our fifliermen on the river Thames, or ra- 
 ther like thofc ufed for the fame purpofc on the Severn : 
 they arc no where wider than three feet, though fome 
 Of them arc more than 60 feet long, nor arc they an 
 
 inch deeper in the body, though at the head and dern. 
 they rife with a curvature more than 1 1 tect. As if 
 would be impofllble to navigate thefc vcfTcts, fo long„ 
 and fo narrow, without fume contrivance to keep them 
 upright, they place two of them as near as can be of 
 the lame dimenfions, along-fidc of each other, at three, 
 four, or five feet didance, and with drong fparsjoin 
 them together ; then raifing a mad in each, they lioid 
 a fquare fail, the yards of which are fadencd above and 
 below to the corrcfponding mads, and thus«quipt, with, 
 a cabin ercdcd between them to dow their provilions, 
 they will keep the fqa for fcvcral days. In rigging their, 
 double canocs,'thcy have a rule for proportioning the 
 height of the mads to the length of the keel, and of 
 fitting the fail to the height of the madj they like wife 
 have a contrivance of failing in fingle canoes by means 
 of out*riEgers, which project on the lee-fide of the 
 veflcl, ana prevents their ovcr-fctiing : to this out- 
 rigger one corner of the fail is made fad, which fail 
 being wide at the bottom, and rounding to a point 
 at the top, very much rcfcmblcs what the bontmon 
 call a (houlder of mutton fail, fretiuently ftcn on the 
 river Thames. To thofc who have been told, that the 
 mafon can joint with fo much nicety as to be imper- 
 vious to water, it will not fccm drangc that their car- 
 penters can do the fame w ith refpcct to timber ; yet it 
 certainly mud require much art, and incredible l:ibour, 
 fird to fell the tree, then to cleave it out into planks, 
 then to hollow it out into the intended (hape ■, next to 
 fmooth and polifli it, after that to joint it, and lad of 
 all to put it together, and faw it ; for they w ere w holly 
 ignorant oi the art of bolting it with wooden bolts, or 
 jointing it together by means of mortices, till the Eu- 
 ropeans vifited them. It is no wonder, therefore, that 
 they dreaded nothing fo much as the dedrucUon of 
 their boats, when threatened by the Enj!;lini for any of- 
 fence, nor that they fhould be more careful in covciing 
 their boat-houfcs from the fun and rain, than they arc 
 infecuring their dwellings from the funic injury. As 
 the whole art of navigation depends ujwn their minutely 
 obferving the motions of the heavenly bodies, it is afio- 
 nidiing with what exadlnefs their navigators can de- 
 fcribe the motions, and changes of thole luminaries. 
 There was not a dar in the hemifpherc, fixed, or er- 
 ratic, but Tupia could give a name to. tell when, and 
 where, it would appear, and difappear ; and, what 
 was dill more wonderful, he could tell, from tlie afpcA 
 of the heavens, the changes of the wind, and the al- 
 terations of the weather, feveral days before they hap- 
 pened. By this intelligence he had been enabled to 
 vilit mod of the iflands for many degrees round that of 
 which he was a native. By the fun they deer in the 
 day, and by the dars in the night; and by their fliill 
 in prefaging the weather, they can, w ithout danger, 
 lengthen or fliorten their voyage as appearances are for 
 or againd them. Having no medium wherewith to 
 trade, their voyages fcem wholly calculated for difco- 
 very, or to increafe their acquaintance with other na- 
 tions. Riches they do not fcem folicitous to acquire. 
 They certainly interchange their commodities among 
 themfelves, as well as with drangers j the fid\erman 
 barters his fidi for the planter's bread-fruit, and fo of 
 the red; yet every man feems to be a fiflierman, and 
 every man a planter: this diews, that wc are dill 
 drangers to their civil oeconomy. It had been good 
 policy to have fufl^ered two er three young perfons, who 
 were defirous of daying behind, to have fettled among 
 thctn, cfpecially, as there was reafon to believe, that 
 the ifland would again be vifited, if for no other rea- 
 fon than to redore to them the native who had volun- 
 tarily undertaken a voyage to Europe ; but againd this 
 Capt..Cook fccms to have been carefully guarded. With 
 rcfpedl to the art of painting among thefc people, to us 
 it appeared to be in a rude date, being chiefly confined 
 to the figures reprcfented on their bodies, and the or- 
 naments on their canoes. The figures on their bodies 
 arc gcncrallv thofc of birds and fidies, fomctimes after 
 nature, and fomctimes the cfTufions of fancy; but 
 whatever is reprcfented, the outline is traced with fur- 
 prizing exadnels. This art is folely confined to the 
 3 R pried- 
 
158 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 prtefthood, and i* performed like baptifm ai a rite, 
 without which, after a certain age, none an accounted 
 worthy of tociety. From twelve to fourteen is the pe- 
 riod allotted for the performance of this rit(, fbr bc- 
 fort that age children are thought unable to etulnre the 
 firurt. The other fort of painting in ufe among thefc 
 iflandera may be rather called daubing, confining only 
 in colouring the rude carvings in their ptcafurc ooau, 
 8k. fometimcs with one colour, ibmctimes with ano- 
 ther, but mod commonly with red. We fhall clofe 
 this head with a few remarks on their marine force, or 
 war canoes, confidercd as their grand fleet. Capt. 
 Cook when lad at Otaheite conceived rather an unfa- 
 vourable opinion of Ofoo's capacity and talents ; but 
 the rapid improvements fincc made in the ifland con- 
 vincca us, that he mud be a man of good parts { and 
 it i» certain that he has fome judicious, fenfible men 
 about him, who have a great (hare in the gcivernment ; 
 but we cannot fay how tar his power extends as king, 
 nor how far he ran command theaflldancc of the other 
 chiefs, or is controulablc by them : this however is cer- 
 tain, that all have contributed towards bringing the iflc 
 to its prefent flourifhing date : yet we found it not with- 
 out divifions among tneir great men. The king told 
 us, that Towha, the admiral, and Foatatou, were not 
 his friends. Thefc being two leading chiefs, Otoo 
 mud have been jealous of them on account of their 
 creat pow er ; yet on every occafion he feemcd to court 
 tneir intered. We are inclined to think they raifed by 
 far the greated number •( vcflels and men, to go againd 
 Eimeo, and were to be the two conimamlcrs m the ex- 
 pedition, which, according to common report, was to 
 uke place five days after our departure. Waheatoua, 
 king of Tiarabou, was to join this fleet to that of Otoo, 
 and that young prince was to be one of the comman- 
 ders. One would think fo fmall an illand as Eimeo, 
 would have endeavoured to ftttic matters by negotia- 
 tion rather than rcfid the united force of thole two 
 powerful nations ; yet nothing was heard or talked of 
 out fighting. Towha faid more than once, that he 
 ihould die in the adlion. Oedidec thought the battle 
 would be fought at fea ; but we thought it mod proba- 
 ble, that the people of Eimeo would remain at home 
 on the defeniive, as we were informed they did about 
 five or dx years ago, when attacked by the people of 
 Tiarabou, whom they repulfed. We were told, that 
 fivegcncral officers were to command in this expedition, 
 of which number Otoo was one; and, if they named 
 them in order according to the pods they held, Otoo 
 was only the third in command ; which (eems probable 
 enough ; for he being but a young man he could not 
 have fudicient experience to be commander in chief, 
 where the greated (kill and judgment fecmed to be nc- 
 ccfTary. Capt. Cook was difpofed to have daid five 
 or fix days longer, had he been furc the expedition 
 would have taken place in that time, but it feemcd they 
 wanted us to be gone*fird. It was fometimcs reported, 
 that it would not be undertaken before ten moons ; as if 
 it was neccfTary to have that time to put every thing in 
 order. For feveral days before we failed, Otoo and 
 the other chiefs had ceafedto folicit our alliance and af- 
 fidance, which they were continually doing at fird ; and 
 after Capt. Cook had alTured Otoo, that if they got 
 their fleet ready in time he would fail with them down 
 to Eimeo, we heard no more of it. Probably they 
 thought it more political to be without us, knowing it 
 was in our power to bedow. the vidtory on whom we 
 pleafed. Be this as it may, they undoubtedly wanted 
 us to be gone before they undertook any thing ; and 
 thus we were deprived, much againd our inclination, 
 of feeing the whole fleet aflemblcd on this occafion, 
 and, perhaps of being fpedators of a well conduded 
 engagement at fea. What number of vefTels were ap- 
 pomted for this grand expedition we could not learn. 
 We heard of no more than two hundred and ten, bc- 
 fides a number of fmall canoes for tranfports, and the 
 allied fleet of Tiarabou, the ftrength of which we could 
 not gain the lead intelligence : nor could we learn the 
 number of men neceflary to man this fleet. Whenever 
 4k quedion was gSke^ the anfwcr wu Warou, warou^ 
 3 
 
 warou te Tata, that it many, many, men. Allowing 
 forty to each war canoe, and four to each of the others, 
 which ii ■ moderate computation, and the number 
 will amount to nine thoufand i an adonidiing number, 
 if we confider they were to be raifed in only four dif- 
 tridls, and one of them, namely, Matavai, did not 
 equip a fourth part of the fleet. That of Tiarabou it 
 not included in this account j and many other didrida 
 might be arming which we knew nothing of i yet we 
 think the whole ifland of Otaheite did not arm on thia 
 occafion, fbr we faw not any preparations making at 
 Oparree. We believe that the chief, or chiefs, of each 
 didridl, fuperintended the equipping of the fleet be- 
 longing to that didrid t after which they mud pafs in 
 review before the king, who by this means knows the 
 date of the whole intended to go on fervirc. The num- 
 ber of war canoe* belonging to Attahourou and Ahopata 
 is an hundred and ftxty { to Tettaha forty s to Mata- 
 vai ten; now if we fuppofe every didrict in the illand, 
 of which there are forty-three, to raife and equip the 
 fame number of war canoes as Tettaha, according to 
 this edimate, the whole ifland can raife and equip one 
 thoufand feten hundred and twenty war canoes, and 
 fixty-eight thoufand able men, allowing forty to each 
 canoe ; and feeing thefe cannot amount to above one 
 third part of the number of both fcxes, children in' 
 eluded, the whole ifland cannot contain lefs than twu 
 hundred and four thoufand inhabitants. This at firlt 
 light exceeded our belief; but when, upon a review 
 of this calculation, wt confidered the vad fwarms of 
 natives which appeared wherever we went, we Were 
 convinced our edimate was not much, if at all too 
 great. There cannot, in our opinion, be a drongcr 
 
 £roof of the richncfs and fertility of Otaheite (not forty 
 agues, or 120 miles, in circuit) t' ; n that of its fup- 
 porting fuch a number of warriors and warlike inhabi- 
 tants, all artids, and pofTcflcd of? P.cet both their glory 
 and defence. Such is the prefent date of the arts in 
 this celebrated idand, which, had Tupia lived to have 
 come to England, and to have returned' again to his own 
 countiy, would, no doubt, have received dill mor* 
 rapid improvements ; for he was a man of real genius^ 
 a pried of the fird order, and an excellent artid. Hii 
 boy Tayota was the darling of the Endeavour's craw, 
 being of a mild and docile difpofition, ready to do any 
 kinaoffice for the mcaned in the fhip ; never com* 
 plaining, but alw >; 1 pleafed. They both died much 
 lamented at Batavia, the occafion of which has been re* 
 lated in its proper place. 
 
 The manufadhires of Otaheite are of various kinds | 
 that of cloth is in the highed eftimarion among them. 
 The material of which one fort is made is neither fpun, 
 nor woven in a loom, but in every refp^tft is prepared 
 adcr the fird fimple maiuier of making paper befora 
 mills were applied to facilitate the ia'jour. The berk is 
 fird dripped from the tree and laid in the water, as wa 
 do flax, to foak : it is then divedcd of the rind by 
 fcraping, till only the fibres of the infide remain. 
 When properly cleanfed, it is placed upon leaves, one 
 layer by the fide of another, till it is of fufficient 
 breadth ; and in the fame manner it is extended to 
 what length the manufadurer chufes, or the ground 
 will admit; and to drcngthcn it and incrcafe it$ 
 br^th, one layer is laid over another till it is of the 
 fubdance required. This done, it is left to drain, and 
 when jud dry enough to be raifed fmm the ground, it 
 is placed upon a kind of dage, made of fmooth boards, 
 and beat with a fquarc beater about a foot long, and two 
 or three inches broad. On each of the four fide? o( 
 this beater parallel lines are Cut lengthwife: thefe 
 lines differ in finenefs, in a proportion from fhuU 
 twine to a filken thread. They fird begin with th^ 
 coaricd fide of the beater, and finifh with the finelT. 
 By the continual application of this beater, in which 
 two people are continually employed, who dand oppo> 
 fite to each other, on each fide of the dage, and rMuIat* 
 their drdtes like fmiths on an anvil, the cloth, itclotll 
 it may be called, in its rough fta^e thins apace, and M 
 it thina, it of couife increafes in breadth. When i^ 
 has undergone f bU proccft, ic ii then fpreat) out w 
 
 vhtttot 
 
lAta 
 
 J. 
 
 COOK't SECOND VOYAGE— for making Diltoveriei in the Souti St^ Ac Round I ;« h 
 
 »59 
 
 whiun, which when fufiicicndyr done, it i> delivcrt-d 
 10 the ladies, whore pravince ii to look it cafHully 
 over, and to remove all blemifhcv, 'I'hui far loin- 
 pleted, it ii coloured, generally red or yellow, aftef 
 whii h it i> rolled and laid up for ufe. By thii proi *l« 
 the reader will readilv comprehend in what manner the 
 fabric may be varied into fine or coarfe, according to 
 the material! of which it ii made, and the labour be- 
 ftowed upon it. In Otaheite the bark of three diffe- 
 rent treei ii made ufe of in thii manufacture; the 
 Chincfe paper mulberry, the bread-fruit tree, and the 
 wild flg-tree. Of the iirft and fccond the linctl fortt 
 are madci but of the la(l, the mod durable. The 
 lirft and fecond imbibe water like paper t but the lat- 
 ter will rcfift the rain. They have a method of wa(h- 
 Ing this cloth, after it has been worn, and when waflied 
 it IS again beaten i by this laft proccfs it is rendered 
 Tery loft and pliable. Another confiderable manufac- 
 ture is that of matting, made likcwifc of the rinds of 
 plants and Ihrubs, which are worked to a degree of 
 finenefs not to be equalled by any thing of the kmd 
 known in Europe. Of this manufa»Jhirc are made 
 their fails, the covering of their beds, and their cloath- 
 ing in rainy weather. Their cordage is another con- 
 fiderable article, which is made of the rind of a plant 
 not unlike a wild nettle. In this manufadurc they 
 iikewifc excel, but we do not learn that any of it was 
 purchafcd for the Ihip's ufe. Their lines made for fifli- 
 ing arc much fuperior to any thing of the kind iifcd in 
 Europe, being ftroiiger and infinitely nwrc durable. 
 Their fifliing nets have the fame advantages; but the 
 cords made of human hair, » hich the ladies wind round 
 their heads, and which, like iwttiig, is the chief 
 amufement of the ladiea there, is incomparably be- 
 yond any thing that can be conceived in twifting. Mr. 
 Banks is faid to have had in his poffefTion a fpccimen 
 of it, near two thoufand yards in length, and as fine as 
 our finell thread, not having one knot, or apparent 
 joining, neither have they any engine to afTift them in 
 the performance, but all is done by the hand, and with 
 a quickncfs that almolt exceeds belief. They have 
 likewife a manufadturc of balket, or wicker work, of 
 which every native is a proficicnr. ; and as they have a 
 iind of emulation in excelling in this kind of work, it 
 is not to be wondered at. that there fliould be as many 
 different forms, as there arc different makers, fomc of 
 them incomparably neat. But amon^ the curiofitics of 
 this kind, that which was moft admired by the Endea- 
 vour's people, when at this ifle, was the figure of a 
 man upwards of feven feet high, reprefentcd in bafkct 
 Vork, which they imagined was a reprefentation of one 
 of their deities. This wicker (keleton was completely 
 covered with feathers, white where the (kin was to ap- 
 pear, and black in thofe pans which it is their cuflom 
 to paint or flain. and upon the head, where there was 
 to be a reprefentation of hair. Upon the head were 
 ibur protuberances, three in front, and one behind, 
 which the natives called Tate-etee, or little men. 
 Other manufactures of !efs account, yet not unworthy 
 of notice, are their weapons of war, which feem to be 
 the workmanfhip of the owners, their fifliing tackle of 
 various forts, their working tools, and their jewe'ery ; 
 but in this lad it cannot be expedited, confidering their 
 tools, they fhould have any fcopc to difplay or exercife 
 their ingenuity. 
 
 We come now to fpeak of their civil ^vemmcnt, of 
 which we have it not in our power to give our readera 
 8 diflind and perfedl idea. This ifland of Ouheitc 
 made formerly but one kingdom ; how long it has been 
 divided into two we cannot pretend to fay, wc believe 
 not long. The kings of Tiarabou, are a branch of the 
 fiuQily of Opoureonu ; at prefent the two are nearly rc- 
 bted, and we believe the former is. in fome meaiure, 
 dependent on the latter. Otoo is ftiled Earec de hie 
 of the whole ifland ; and we were told, that Wahea- 
 toua, the king of Tiarabou, muft uncover before him, 
 {n the fame manner as the lowed order of his fubjeds 
 do. This homage is not only paid to Otoo, but to 
 Tarevatou, his brother, and his fecond fider, to the 
 pne'as heir, and to the other as heir apparent. We 
 have foaictimcs kai the Eowai (uul Whanooa cov^rod 
 
 in 
 
 be 
 
 an 
 
 his attcndan( 
 negiXiatR matters 
 
 ..y 
 
 t VN'haiitio^ . ways tat 
 of any on xing cx- 
 thc I'outoL . , tur ns tu 
 ibfcrvej, they nc\cr 
 
 lirfbre the king, but whctiier by ctxirt>.-ry or by -irtuc 
 I thtirollice. we could not learn. Thci^r «i*n, who 
 i the prin<.i()a! pcrfons about the king, itui f n 
 
 court, are generally, if not always his rcUi 
 K} ofiry\ nicntirxned in this narrative, was on 
 
 .1. V Fxiwas, who hold the firfl riink, atttn 
 ii i», I c< itain nui wr tach day, lo that thty nw 
 call' '1 loWfi in wi»'" ig. Wc felJom linind I ve aU 
 
 .as ncccfTary, as beinj^ btfl 1)li > 
 :t\kec'n Capt. Cook and the chici 
 on thi3 fervicc h? \> . * always ci twl, and h<- 'xctutta 
 the feme, we have rt*lbi\ to i>. , to the i ikli«m 
 of both parties. The t«»»« 
 with the king ; nor do we ki 
 eluded from this privilege, . 
 the women, as we have alf '' 
 eat with the men, let their lanli lie ever lit itiuth tie 
 vated. Notwithflanding thcfc crtabliflitd orders, there 
 was very little alx>ut Otoo's pcrfon or court, m hereby a 
 flrangcr could dillinguilh the king from the fubjcdt. 
 We rarely faw him drcfl'cd in any thing but a ccminon 
 piece of cloth wrapped round his loins ; fo that he 
 teemed to avoid all outward pomp, and even to demean 
 himfrlf more than any of his Earecs around him. Wc 
 have feen his mft)efly work at a paddle, in coming to 
 and going from the fliip, in common with othcis in 
 the boat ; and even when fome of his Toutous fat look- 
 ing on ; and fuch is the tincontroulcd liberty oi' this 
 happy ifle, that every individual has free acccfs 
 to nim without the leaft ceremony i hence it is, 
 that the Earecs and other chiefs are more be- 
 loved than feared by the bulk of the people. We 
 ihould think ourfelves happy in knowing more »>! thi» 
 mild and equal government, than the general out-line ; 
 for as to the orders of the tonl\itucnt parts, how con- 
 flrudled, difpofcd, and conncdtcd, lb as to form one 
 body politic, we can fay but little. I'rom what we 
 have been able to difcovcr, and gather from informa- 
 tion, it feems very evidently to be of the feudal kind ; 
 and a remarkable conformity appears between the po- 
 litical eflablilhmcnt of Otaheite, and that of the an- 
 tient Britons, which coniifted of fcvcral fmalt nations, 
 under feveral petty princes, or chiefs, who in cafes of 
 common danger united under one head. Thefe chieft 
 had all of them their refpedive families, who multi- 
 plying, became a diflind clafs from the common peo- 
 ple, and prcferved by their perfonal courage, and le- 
 nity, a very great influence over them. Of thefe two 
 clalfes, added to that of the prieflhood, the whole bodf 
 politic confided ; fo that among them, what one clafs 
 found neceffary to command, the other was ready t* 
 execute. Hence it was that indudry took place, and 
 arts were invented; and this feems to be the prefent 
 date of the iflanders of w hom wc are now fpcaking. 
 Laws they had none, but fuch as arofc from the idea of 
 fuperiority ^ind fubiniflion. fuch as excite parents to 
 correct the faults of their children ; neither have the 
 Otahciteans any other at this day. There is no crime 
 among them that fubjedls a man to death, and when 
 life is taken away, it is always in the heat of paflion or 
 refentment, and not the cffe&. of formal accufation and 
 deliberate puniihment. The contentions that arofe 
 among the chiefs became the quarrels of the whole 
 community, and thofe quarrels nccelFarily led the par- 
 tics to have recourfe to arms, and in proportion as the 
 contentions grew more frequent, the weapons that were 
 contrived for defence, grew more defperate. It was 
 not, however, till after civilization took place, that 
 contentions for liberty began to fpread devadation 
 among people of the fame community. In their pri- 
 mary date of fubje(flion, the people never entertained 
 a thought that they were in flavery : they obeyed as 
 children do their parents, from a principle originating 
 in nature, which induces the weak to fubmit to the 
 ftrong, and thofe of uninformed underdanding to be 
 
 foverned by thofe whofe wifdom and courage they rea- 
 lly acknowledge. This, in our opinion, is an impar- 
 tial and juft rcprefenution of the Itate of the civil go- 
 vernment in Otaheite, wherein none think themfelves 
 flaves, yet few are free. 
 At to the Kltgion of thispco{>le, we arc as much at a 
 
 lots 
 
i 
 
 m.i 
 
 i6o 
 
 capt. c o o K t V o Y A Cf E s c o M p L i: I i;. 
 
 I- 
 
 Inft Inr nutrriali to form in npi lion on ihii Aihlecl ai 
 former navi^aiun. The lialr mtoniiation wc have hi- 
 therto rrcrivetl i» To va^ienml < onirAilictory, that no. 
 thing with certainty lan he (iiid about it. Wc have 
 fail! thev have iiloN, yet they appear m>t to be iilo- 
 latcr* I that they h;nc pliKTi of worlhip, yet never af. 
 femble in ron|;re|^tionH to |wiy adoration t that they ac> 
 knowlf ilgf ileitiet of (ivcrfli orilcM, but that they have 
 no tiirm* of aiUltillinj,' thcin i aiul that they mutter 
 fomeuhat like extcin|M>riry pr.iM'M, yet have no ora- 
 tories, or formj of ilcvotion, nor any fct tiiuei for 
 private or public worlhip. Thoy have priclU likewife 
 of fcvcral orilern, who have (iilfcrent otlices afTigncili 
 but few of thofc olliion .ire particularized, except that 
 they prcliile ami pr.iy at liincralit. anit arc the principal 
 attendants at their Mora i, or burying places i though 
 it docs not a; pear that any ceiemnnies of devotion 
 arc performed there. 'I'hc otlicci that have been ob- 
 fcrveil as appertaining to the priellluKHl are three, 
 naimiy, cinuiiv ilini^ tattowing, and praying at the 
 funeral i of the dead. I hat of cirruniciling is not pcr- 
 foniud after the manner of the Jews, but after a pc- 
 rulinr manner of their own, and has no doubt the pu- 
 rity of the circumcifed liirits objeCl, in bringing every 
 part about thein into contact with the water, witn 
 \Oiiih they conHantly walh three times c\cry day. 
 'lattowing, whatever its objeOl, is never omittca i and 
 ^inlying for the dead it a proof that they believe in the 
 foiii's exifting in a lennrate Hate, after death, which ii 
 confirmed by their placing meat anil drink in their bu- 
 rying places. In thiscuimm, they are far from being 
 lingular. Among th<' anticnt Komaivi, in the infancy 
 111' their flat , they placed meat upon the tombs of 
 their deceafed friends, that the gholis might come out 
 .Tiul cat. ai. they believed they would j and when they 
 intended to exprefs the moli abjcCt flate of human 
 V rctc+iednefn, they ufed to fay, " fuch a creature gets 
 his food from the tombs." 'I he characTtcr of the Ta- 
 howa in Otahcite, very nearly corrcfponds w ith that of 
 l)ruid among the antient Britons. lie is the chief 
 prielt, and his erudition conlilh in learning the feveral 
 traditional memorials of anticnt times ; in being made 
 acquainted w ith the opinion of their anccllors, concern- 
 ing the origin of things ; and in the repetition of fliort 
 niyfterioiis fentcnccs, in a language which none but 
 thofct)f their I wn orders can underftand. The Bra- 
 mims of the eail have their mylUc, unknown tongue, 
 as have alfo all the followers of the great Zoroaftcr. 
 'I'hc prielhs arc fupcrior alfo to the reft of the people in 
 the knowledge of navigation and aftronomy, and in 
 all the liberal arts, of which thcfe people have any 
 idea. Thus far the character of the lahowa agrees 
 with that of Uruid, in every particular. The Druids 
 were the only perfons of any fort of learning, which 
 < onlilkd in the obfcrvation of the heavens, knowledge 
 of the ftais, whereby they prefaged future events ; they 
 had the care of ail religious matters, and their authority 
 wasabfoluie. The chief of the Druids, was pontiff 
 or high priel^, whofe dignity was cleclive. Thus we 
 iii'c;ht trace the conformity of the cuftoms and manners 
 of nations remote from each other, in their infant flate, 
 but wc wave fuch an enquiry, as it might be thought 
 foreign to our bufinefs in hand. 
 
 Wc fliall conclude this hiftorical ITtetch of Otahcite 
 with a brief account of their funeral ceremonies, in 
 which the prieft and the people jointly artilt. When 
 a native is known tabe dead, tht houfc is filled with 
 relations, who deplore their lofs, fomc by loud lamen- 
 tations, and fonie by lefs clamorous, but more genuine 
 expreflions of grief. Thofc who arc the neareft de- 
 gree of kindred, and moft aflbdfcd by the event, arc 
 liient ; the reft arc one moment uttering paflionate cx- 
 prclHons, or exclamations in a chorus, and the next 
 laughing and talking, without the leaft appearance of 
 concern, much like the manner of the wild Irifli ; 
 but this folcmnity is continued for a day and a night, 
 whereas by the Iriih it is continued feveral nights. On 
 the next morning the body is flirouded, and conveyed 
 to the fea fide on a bier, upon the shoulders of the 
 bearers, and attended by the priclt, who having prayed 
 
 over the boily, repeat* hit fentcnccs tiuring the pro- 
 ccdion. When they arrive at the watem edge, it ti fet 
 down on the bcm h: the pricl* renew* hi* prayer*, and 
 taking up foine of the water in hit hand, fprinklo it 
 toward* the hotly, but not uiwn it. It i* then carried 
 back forty or fifty yard*, and foon after hruiight again 
 to the beach, where the prayer* and fprinklmg arc ic- 
 pcated. It is thus removed baikwaids ami lluward* 
 feveral time«i and during thepcrdiman. etit this cere- 
 mony, A houfc has been built, and a fiiiall piece of 
 ground railed round, in the lentre of which a llage i« 
 iT.Chil whereon they place the bier, and the btnly i* 
 left to putrify, till the fldh is waded from the Ixmc*. 
 A* foon a* the IkxIv i* depolited in the Moral, the 
 mourning is renewe«l. The women now airemblc, and 
 are led to the d«x)r by the ncarelt reLition, whoftriken 
 a Ihark's tooth feveral time* into the crown of her head : 
 the blood copioully follow*, and is caieliilly received 
 upon piece* of cloth, or linen, which are thrown un- 
 der the bier. The rel^ of the women fiillow this exam- 
 ple, and the ceremony is repeated at the interval of 
 two or three days, as long as the zeal and (iirrow of the 
 parties hold out. 'J he tears alfo which are llied upon 
 thi* occalion are received upon piei es of cloth, and of- 
 fered a* oblations to the dcail. Some of the younger 
 people cut oil their hair, which is liktwile thrown un- 
 der the bkr. This cuftom is foundcjl on the notion, 
 ai fomc of our gentlemen thought, that the foul of 
 the deceafed is hovering alwut the place where the body 
 is depufited i that it obferves the actions of the fur- 
 vivors, and is pratifieti by fuch tellimonies of their af- 
 fection and grief) but whether this is jiart of the na- 
 tives faith ill very problematical! neither, in our opi- 
 nion, is it certain, that the priell is an attendant in 
 the funeral procedion down t<) the waters edge i for in 
 the funerals at which Mr. Danks was a ) aity,' no men- 
 tion is made of a pried j and Tiilierai 'I'uinaide, who 
 wa» chief mourner, performed the whole of the fu- 
 m rul fcrvice. 1 i.e natives arc all laid to fly before thefe 
 piocefTions, and the rcafon a(Iij;ned is, becaufe the 
 chief mourner carries in his hand a long flat flick, the 
 edge of which is fet with lliarks, aiulin a phrenfy, 
 which hi« grief is fuppofed to have infpircd, he run* at 
 all he fees, and if any of them happen to be over- 
 taken, he drikcs them moft unmercifully w ith his in- 
 dented cudgel, which cannot fail to W( und them in a, 
 moft dangerous manner; but this rcafon, though a 
 plaufible one, does not, in our judgment, feem to como 
 up to what is faid in the courie of the relation, by the 
 compiler of Capt. Cook's voyage, who tells us, that 
 while the corpfe is carrying in procedion, the people 
 every where fly and hide thcmfelves in the wood*, and 
 that none but thofc immediately concerned in it, if 
 they can avoid it, come in fight. Were it only for fear 
 of the cudgel that thefe people fled, they needed not 
 run fo far as the woods, nor to quit their houlcs (as Mr. 
 Banks obferved they did when the corpfe of an old 
 woman, whofe funeral he attended, came by in pro- 
 ccfTion) to hide thcmfelves in holes j it would have 
 been fudicicnt for them to have kept out of the reach 
 of the cudgel j but they niuft be aw ed by fome fccrct 
 motive 5 fome fuperftitious dread of fome misfortune 
 happening to them, fliould they meet the corpfe, ci- 
 ther in an unlucky place, or in an ominous lituation | 
 as at this day many people in the northern parts of Bri- 
 uin get out of the way of a corpfe when carrying to 
 the grave, for thcfe or the like rcalbr.?. The people of 
 Otahcite, wc think, arc not intimidated by the appre- 
 henlion of being beaten ; but they may have a dread 
 upon them of they know not what ; yet it is fuch a 
 dread as infcnfibly impels them to keep at a diftancc, 
 and if they are by accident furprizcd, and meet a 
 corpfe at the comer of a ftrect, or the rounding of a 
 hill, they never fail to bicfs thcmfelves, and turn the 
 way the corpfe is carrying, and walk in the fame di- 
 redion for feveral paces to avert the bad cfledls of the 
 unlucky omen, which they always interpret againfl 
 tbcmfclvcs. In an account of the funeral ceremonies 
 pf the iflandcrs in the South Seas, the writer, who 
 judged from what he himfclf faw, and not from wha^ 
 
 was 
 
^•-■rot making uijnvtritJ 
 
 Louiul the trarlt 
 
 W» refioned to him, lelU m, thtt the prleft, «cf om- 
 panicil with twuboyi ptintcd Mark, •iicnd the Monti, 
 or pl«:« where the corpfe U depoHted, to receive the 
 hngi. fi(h, ami och«r proviflmu, which on thefe occa- 
 flont arc offered to th« Eihoo*, or deity of the place, 
 Knd to lay them upon *n alnr. Thii prieft i» alfi> em- 
 ployed In ftrrwing iwer the body of the defum't Irnvc «, 
 an(( ftowen of bamboo j and for two or three day» he 
 oetallonally rangeathc adjacent Md> and wooHi, (roin 
 whit >\ every one retire* on hit approach. The rela- 
 tions, in the mean time, build a temporary houfe near 
 the Vtorai, where they aflemble, and tne fetnairi mourn 
 for the dcceafed, by flnaing fongt of grief, howliiiir, 
 and wounding their bodici in cRlTcrcnt placei with 
 (harks teeth i afVrr which they bathe their wounds in 
 the next river or Tea, and again return to houl and cut 
 themfelvet, which they continue for three day«. After 
 the bodv ii corrupted, and the bonei are become bare, 
 the (kcleton in dcpolited in a fort of ftone-pyramid 
 buiht for that purpofc. Thcfc Moraii are frequented 
 by 'WO birda (acred to their gtxii, namely, the grey 
 h( M, and a blue and brown king-filher i but whether 
 thcfc birds, or the pried and hit attendants eat the of- 
 ferings that are made to the prefiding deitv, or whether 
 they are eaten at all, we are not informcii, though we 
 have fparcd no pains in making enquiries among our 
 friends and fellow voyagers, concerning this and fcveral 
 other doubtful and queftionable (mrticiilars. It is 
 agreed, however, that the piety of the natives it in no 
 inAnncc fo (Irongly exprefTed as in ihe profulion of co- 
 vering they beftow upon the remains of their dcceafed 
 friends, and in the ornaments with which they decorate 
 their Morais, but thefe Morais arc not the receptacles 
 of the ordinary dead, but appropriated folcly to the 
 ufc of the principal families to which each rcfpcd- 
 fully belongs : how it farei with the bodiei of thccom- 
 mon herd we could not learn, whether they arc fuf- 
 fcred to rot upon the ground, or under it i nor have 
 our principals atforded us information concerning this 
 particular i indeetl they fecm to have l>een moft intent 
 upon what is ftriking in hish life, without regarding 
 the ordinary occurrenc"s that daily pafs among the 
 nuiltitudei thefe did not much attrad their notice. 
 We diall juft add to what has been faid under this 
 head, that the Otaheiteans have neither phyHciaiii or 
 furgeons, by profcHion, except the prieft, whofc relief 
 confiftt in prayers and ceremonies, not in dnigs or prc- 
 fcriptions ; yet we muft not conclude from hence, that 
 they arc dehcicnt in' the art of healing. Two or three 
 initances occur in the relations of different voyagers, 
 which, to fay no more, are ftriking proofs of their 
 knowledge in what is neccflary toprefervclife. Tupia 
 was pierced through the body with a lance, headed with 
 the jagged bone of the fting-ray: the weapon went in 
 at hitrack, and came out ju(t under his brcafl ; yet he 
 was pcrfcdlly cured, and never complained of any bad 
 etFedts of his wound. One man had his h' d almoft 
 crufhcd, his face beat in, his nofc Hatted, ,iid one eye 
 beat out, the hollow of which would almofl admit one's 
 fift ; yet this man, we are told, was cured, and to all 
 appearance felt no remaining pain. A third had a 
 (lone through his head with a ding, in the time of 
 aflion, and yet, (Irangc and improbable as it may 
 fecm, h. like the others, wc arc informed, appeared 
 to enjoy i good ftatc of health. We will not vouch 
 for the truth of all the circumdanccs in thcfc relations, 
 which we think are rather of the marvellous kind, yet 
 we may \<. allowed to infer from the fads thcmiclvcs, 
 that they are inconteftiblc proofs, that the natives of 
 Otaheitc have a knowledge of the virtues oi balfams, 
 of which wc arc either not poircfTed, or arc ignorant 
 of their healing qualities. From this narrative of the 
 ifland of Ouhcite and its inhabitants, fome will be 
 ready to envy them their felicity ; but it muft be re- 
 membered as a foil to this, that they do not always 
 flcep iff fecurity : they are frequently lurpriied by their 
 warlike neighbours, and whole diftrida arc depopu. 
 kted ; for if in the inva(ions of one another's temto- 
 ries, they happen to prove fucccfsful, the vidors fparc 
 neither man. woman, nor child. But it is time now 
 No. 19. 
 
 to return to tht fliip, which on the 14th of May wc 
 ictr under fail, and that night (he cleared the reef. 
 
 ()n Sunday the 1 jth, we had an open fea, with A 
 fine breete in cnir favour, and nurftied our voyage to 
 the N. W. ind N. W. by W. Tne fame night we inadt^ 
 the idand of Hu.iheinr, and anchored in the north 
 entrance of O'Wharrc harb<iur. Oree, the chief, ami 
 fcveral of the nacivet paid 111 viliit. Orce, among 
 mher articles, hmiight mih him a hog 1 and the next 
 (liiy, being (he i6tn, Capt. Cook returned Orec's vilit. 
 priTcnting to him li>iiie red fcithert, which he held 
 in hit hand, and muttered over them a pravcr. This 
 morning the i>eoi)le began to bring ut fruit. The 
 chief fcnt in two nogs, whii h were followed by hiin- 
 felf and friends who came to dine with tit. Oree 
 afked for axc4 anil nailt, which were readily givcrt 
 him. Thefe he diftributedaihetileafed, butbelloMcd 
 the largell fliarc uimn a )ntith wno ap|>earcd to b«' hit 
 grandlon. After tne dilUibution w.xi over they all re- 
 turned alhore. Mr. Forfter, and a party with him, 
 went up the country to examine its produdiont 1 whic h 
 he continued at a daily talk during the fhip't conti- 
 nuance in this harbour. At a fervant of Mr. Forftcr'j 
 was walking along the Oiorc, without a cnmp.inion, he 
 wat befet by fcveral ftout fellows, who would have 
 dripped him, had not fome of our people arrived to 
 his adldance. One of the men made otf w ith a hatchet. 
 This day the niiinbcr of nativet that came about the 
 fliip wa< fo great, that it was found neccflary to place 
 fentinclt in th'.- gangwayi, to prevent the men front 
 coming on Iward ( but no oppontion wat made to the 
 women, lo that the Oiip watcrouded with them. 
 
 On Tuefday, the lyth, wc found Oree, and a great 
 number of the priiicmal people alRnibled in a houfe 
 confulting together. Wc heard the late robbery men- 
 tioned by them fcveral timet 1 but the chief allured us, 
 neither himfelf nor his friends had any hand in the 
 fame, and defircd Capt. Cook to kill with his guns 
 thofe that had. Wc could not learn where the rob- 
 bers were gone, and therefore, at prefenc, took no 
 more notice of the affair. In the eveninq; a dramatic 
 enteruinment was exhibited. The fubjcA of the piece 
 was that of a girl running away with us from Otaheitc. 
 Tliis was not wholly a fiction, for a girl had taken her 
 padage with ui from Ulietea. and was at this time prc- 
 lent when her own advcntum were reprcfentcd : (he 
 could hardly refrain from tears whilethc playwasadingt 
 and it was with much difficulty wc perfuaded her to 
 day out the entertainment. At the conclufion of 
 the piece, the girl's return to her friends was reprc- 
 fentcd J and the reception die met with wat not a fa- 
 vourable one. It is very probable that this part of the 
 comedy was dedgned to deter others from going away 
 with Ub. 
 
 On Wednefday, the i8th, king Oree came and 
 dined on board, and the Capuin, at his dedre. or- 
 dered the great guns to be diotted, and fired into the 
 water, by way of falutc at his arrival and departure : 
 indeed he had by Oedidce given us to undcrftand, that 
 he cxpcdcd the fame honours to be paid to him, as 
 had been (hewn to the chiefs of Otaheitc. A party of 
 petty officers having obtained leave to amufc themfelvcs 
 in the country, they took with them fome hatchets, 
 nails, &c. in bags, which were carried by two natives, 
 who went with them at their guides, to fhew the way. 
 Thefe fellows madcoflr with the truft repofed in them, 
 and artfully enough effeded their efcapc. The party 
 had with them two mufquets j and after it had rained 
 fome tim«, the natives pointed out fome birds for them 
 'o dWot. One of the guns went off. and the other 
 nided fire fcveral times. At this indaiit, when the fel- 
 lows Isw thcmfelves fecure from both, they took the 
 opporttmity to run away, and not one of the party, 
 bcingall much furprized, had prefence of mind enough 
 to purfue them. On the i9tn a report was current, 
 that the natives intended to rife and atttck the (hip. 
 The captain, though he did not think them ferious m 
 fuch ail attempt, yet was unwilling toully to diftegard 
 the inthnhation: he therefore ordered twenty ftand of 
 arnu to be in rcadiners, to cafe any commotion (boulc*. 
 « S h. 
 
be obfcrvcd among them ; but though the rumour in- 
 creafed throughout the day, yet no preparations could 
 be perceived to countenance fuch a report ; and the 
 king continued hi« vifits as ufual, never coming empty 
 handed. 
 
 On Friday, the 20th, the firll and fccond lieutenants 
 with one of the mates, being out on a fliooting party, 
 they were befet by more than fifty of the natives, who 
 tirft took from them their arms, and then robbed them 
 of what artidcs they had carried with them to trade. 
 In the fcufflc the firft lieutenant loft the Mtt of his 
 coat, and one of the other gentlemen received a fcverc 
 blow. When the robbers had ftripped them of their 
 merchandizes, they reftored to them their fowling 
 pieces. When this tranfaiilion came to the knowledge 
 of Cipt. Cook, he went immediately with a boat's crew 
 on Ibore, and entered a large houfe wherein were two 
 chiefs. This, with all their cffeds, he took polTeflion 
 
 . of, and remained there, till he heard that the gentle- 
 men had got fafc on board, and had all their things re- 
 ftorcd to them. Oedidce informed us, Orce was fo 
 much art'eded with the relation of this, that he wept 
 much. When on board, we learnt from the officers 
 thcmfelves, that a fmall infult on their part was the 
 occafion of the affray; but fomc chiefs interfering, 
 took the officers out of the croud, and . caufcd every 
 thing which had been taken from them to be reftorcd. 
 On the 2 1 ft, we faw upwards of lixty canoes, moft of 
 the people in th« (n being Eareeoics, fleering for Ulictca, 
 and we heard they were going to vifit their brethren in 
 the neighbouring iflands. It fcems thefe people have 
 cuftoms among thcni peculiar to thcmfelves ; andaffift 
 each other when neceffity requires ; we may therefore 
 call them the Free Mafons of Huahcine. This day 
 Orce fcnt a melTagc to Capt. Cook, dei. ng he woul^ 
 come on ftiore, and bring twenty-two men with him, 
 in order to fearch for and chaftife the robbers. Oedidce 
 brought with him twenty^two pieces of leaves to affift 
 hismemor)-, a cullom vcrV common among thefc peo- 
 ple. This meflage fcemed to us an extraordinary one, 
 and therefore the captain went to the chief for better 
 information. Orce mformed him, that thefe fellows 
 were a fct of banditti, who had formed thcmfelves 
 into a body, and had refolvcd to rob all they met, fur 
 which purpofe they vcre now aflcmbled and armed. 
 Thefe robbers Oree wanted us to attack, the captain 
 faid they would fly to the mountains ; but he affured 
 us to the contrary, and defired we would dcflroy both 
 them and their habitations, only fparing their canoes. 
 This requeft feemed extraordinary, but the captain was 
 refolvcd to comply with it in part, left thefe fellows 
 fliould make more head, and become formidable ; and 
 alfo w ith a view of preventing the report from gaining 
 ground in Ulictca, where we intended going, and wc 
 were apprehenlive aflbciations might be formed in like 
 manner, and the people might treat us in the fame 
 way, or worfe, they being more numerous. Capt. 
 Cook and his officers made ready to accompany king 
 Oree in the expedition againft the robbers ; and havine 
 ordered fifty marines with fome failors to be well 
 armed, they landed near the palace of the king, and 
 having required him to condud them according tq his 
 promife, he very readily confcnted, and they all fct out 
 together in very good order. The party incrcafcd at 
 wc proceeded ; and Oedidce told us, that fcveral of the 
 banditti had joined us, with the view of decoying us 
 into a place, where they might attack us to advantage. 
 As we could place no confidence in any other perlon, 
 we took his advice, and proceeded with caution. Wc 
 inarched fevcfal miles, when Capt. Cook declared he 
 would proceed no Cirther ; befidcs, we were informed 
 that the men had fled i- the mountains. At this lime 
 we were about to crofs a deep valley, with fteep rock$ 
 
 ' 9fl each fide, where our retreat might have been rendered 
 . difficult, by a few men aflaulting us with ftones. 
 Oedidce perfifted in his opinion ; and we marched 
 bjick. in the fafnc order as we came. As wc went aiong> 
 we obicrved fcveral people coming down the iidex of 
 the hills with clubs, which they immediately hid when 
 they ifound wc faw them. Thb WHS fepM CQofinnt- 
 r 3 
 
 tion of Ocdidec'* fufpiciuns 1 but we could not pcr- 
 fuade ourfelvcs that the chief had any fuch intention, 
 whatever might be the defigiu of his people. In our 
 return we huted at a convenient place, and wanting 
 fome refreflimenu, they were immediately broiight us. 
 When we arrived at the landing place vie difchaqjcd 
 fcveral volleys, to convince the natives, that we could 
 fiipport a continutd fire ; after which we returned on 
 board, and the chief dined with us ; having brought 
 with him a hog ready drefled. After dinnct wc re- 
 ceived a great number of prefents as peacc-oflcrings. 
 Two chiefs brought each of them a pig, a dog, and 
 fbmc young plantain trees, and with due ceremony 
 prefcntcd them fingjy to the captain^ Another brought 
 a very large hog, with which he had followed us to the 
 fliip. A quantity of fruit was brought us by others { 
 fo that we ^i^ere likely to make more by this little ex- 
 curfion, than by all the prefents we had made them ; 
 and the expedition had one good elFcd at leaft, for the 
 people were convinced that tnufqucts were more terri- 
 ble things than they at firft imagined. We were pro- 
 mifcd a larger fupply of hogs and fruit the next day ; 
 but the chief was not fo good as his word. W? went 
 afliorc in the afternoon, and found him fitting down to 
 dinner. The people about him immediately began 
 chewing the pepper root ; a cup of the juice was pre- 
 fcntcd to Capt. Cook, but he did not like ihc method 
 of brewing it. Oedidce was not fo nice, and immedi- 
 ately fwallowed what the captain refufcji The chief 
 w allied his mouth with cocoa-nut water after he had 
 taken the juice of the pepper root, and ate a large 
 quantity oi plnntain, rcpc, and nnlice, and finiflied 
 his dinner by eating and drinking a compofltion of 
 plantains, bread-fruit, mahee, &c. of the conliftcnce 
 of a cuftard ; of this he took about three pintsj lie 
 dined in the open air, at the outfide of his hoiifc, aiid 
 during dinner time a play was pcrfonnitig within the 
 houfe. 
 
 On Monday f '-.c jjd, we put to fea. The chief and 
 Capt. C«x>k took an alFcdionate leave of each other. 
 When Orce heard that we never intended coming there 
 any more, he faid, Let your fona come, we will treat 
 them well. Wc did not get a fufticient fupply of hogs 
 at this ifland, though they did not appear to be fcarce; 
 but wc obtained more fruit than we well knew what to 
 do with. Our ftock in trade bcii^ nearly cxhaufted, 
 we found it ncceflTary to fct the fmiths to work, in ma- 
 king diftcreni forts of iron tools, that an influence might 
 be kept up at the other iflands, and to enable us to pro- 
 cure refreflimcnts. 
 
 On Tuefday the 24th, we anchored in Ulietea, and 
 was vifited by Oreo the chief, who brought with him a 
 handfome prefent. A party of us went afliore to make 
 the chief a prefent. and as we entered his houfe we 
 were met by five old women, who lamented very bit- 
 terly, and cut their faces in a Ihocking manner. This 
 was not the worft part of the ftory, for we were 
 obliged to fubmit to their amiable embraces, and get 
 ouriclves covered with blood. Afur this ceremony 
 was over, they waflied themfclvts, and appeared as 
 chearful as any other perfon. 
 
 On Friday the 27th, Oreo paid us a vifit, in com- 
 pany with his wife, fon and daughter, and brought 
 with them a very handfome prefent of all kinds of re- 
 frelhments. We accompanied them on fliore after din- 
 ner, and were entertained with a play which con- 
 cluded with the reprcfentation of a woman in labour, 
 performed by a fct of brawny fellows i the child that 
 was brought forth was at Icaft fix feet high. As fooA 
 as the child was delivered, they prcflisl his nofe, which 
 fcemed to indicate that they really ukc thii method 
 with all their children, which occafions tlut flatnefs 
 which their nofes generally have. On the a9th fevcral 
 thing* were flolen out of our boau, which lay at the 
 buoy ; but on application to the chief, we had them 
 all returnol, except an iron tiller, and in lieu of that 
 they brought us two largo hogs. On Monday, the jorii, 
 a party of us fet out for Oedidee's eftatc on the thir- 
 tieth inftant, accompanied by the chief and his family. 
 When wc vriyed there, we found that Oedidce could 
 
 not 
 
'^ECONb VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the JVorld. 1 63 
 
 hot command any thing, though he had promifcd us 
 hogs and fruit in abundance ; they were now in poiTcf- 
 fion of his brother. We had here an opportunity of 
 feeing them kill and drefs a pig, which wAadone in the 
 following manner : three men iirft ftraneled the hog ; 
 the hog was laid on his back, tMO men laid adick acrofs 
 hit throat, pretTing at each end, the third man ftuffcd 
 up his fundament with grafs, and held his hind legs. 
 The hog was kept in this pofition for ten. minutes, be- 
 fore he was dead. An oven, which was clofc by, was 
 heated. They laid the hog on the fire as (bon as he 
 was dead, and linged otfhis hair; he was then carried 
 to the fea-fide and waflied. The carcafe was then laid 
 on clean green leaves, that it might be opened. They 
 Ard took out the lard, and laid it on a greeii leaf, the 
 cntrniis were then taken out and carried away in a baf- 
 ket : the blood was put into a.large leaf. The hog was 
 then waihed quite clean, and feveral hot l^bhes wcte put 
 into his body ; it was then placed in the oven on hii 
 belly, the lard and fat were put in a veflel, with two 
 or three hot (loncj, and placed dion'g-lidt the hog; the 
 blood was tied up in it leaf, with a not (lone, and put 
 into the oven ; they covered the whole with leaves, dn 
 which were placed the remainder of the hot ftones; 
 they afterwards threw a great deal of rubbiih in, and 
 covered the whole with icarth. A table was fpi-ead with 
 ercen leaves, while the hog was baking, which took up 
 little more than two hours. We fat down at one end of 
 the table, and thb natives, whb dined with us, at the 
 other; the fat and blood were placed before them, and 
 the hog before us. We thought the pork exceeding 
 good indeed, and evef)' part of it was well done. The 
 natives chiefly dined of the fat and blood, and faid it 
 was very good viduals. The whole of this cookery vas 
 condutttea with remarkable cleanlinefs. This eftatc of 
 Ocdidce Was fmall, but very pleafant i and the houfes 
 
 formed a pretty village. After we had dined, we re- 
 turned to the (nip. In 0;ur w-a/ ^^ **!* 'o"'' wooden 
 images, each two feet loiig. They ftood on a (hclf, 
 had It Lirge piece of cloth round tne middle, a tiirbin 
 on their heads, ftuck with cocks feathers. They told 
 us thefe were their fervanis gods. 
 
 On Tuefday the jift, the people hearing that we 
 intended failing, brought abundance of fruit on board, 
 which" continued on the i ft of June. We were inform- 
 ed that two fliips had arrived at Huahieinc. The pcr- 
 fon who brought the information defcribed the perfons 
 of Capt. Fumeauxand Mr. Banks fo well, that we had 
 no doubt of the truth of the alTertion ; we therefore 
 thdught of fending a boat over there, but a man came 
 onboard, and declared the whole to be a lye. We 
 could not confront the fellow who brought the intelli- 
 gence, foi- he was gone away, and the danger offending 
 the boat was put a ftop to. 
 
 On Saturday the 4tn of June, the chief and his family 
 came on board to take leave, bringing a handfome pre- 
 fcrtt with thcni. Thefe people denied that there were 
 any (hips at Huaheine. We were very much importun- 
 ed to return to this place ; when we told them we could 
 not, their grief was bitter, and we believed it to be 
 real. They defired Capt. Cook to acquaint them with 
 his burial place, and (aid they would be buried with 
 him, A (trong proof of a(fe(ftion and attachment. 
 We ieft Ocdidce here, as we could not promife that 
 more (hip4 would be fent from England to ihofe iflands : 
 he left us with infinite regret. Oedidce did not leave 
 lis till we were Out df the harbour, and (laid to (ire fome 
 guns, it being his MajcHy's birth-daj-. This youth 
 Was of a gentle docile, humane difpofition, and would 
 have been a better fpecimen of the natives than 
 Omiah. 
 
 ''r 
 
 fr>«c 
 
 :»':'()t':9c 
 
 :«8- 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 I^efafturt' of the Re/olutionJhmiHi'etea^neidenis at Savag^e Ijhnd^—hftance'of the fencity of the natives— Defcript ion of 
 tbisijland — Paffagefrom hence to Rotterdam — Remarkable tranf aft ions at this place, and the infolence of the natives — An 
 account of the people iH turtle JJland — Ow calledby the natives Ambrym difcwcred-r-Tranfanions •a.hilehere, and ferocious 
 Mavioulr of the inhabitants— A particular defcripticn of thefe people — The Refolution continues her courfe frmn Port 
 Sandtvich-^PaJfesT'hree-hillandjhepberifs Ijlamls — Steers in a direiiion for Sandwich Ijland, in order to difcover the 
 Southern extremity of the Archipelago — HoJIile iehaviour of the natives of Sandwich Jfte, ami of feveral iflands, particular- 
 ly Tanna, and Erromango — An account of a Volcano — Cbardi^erofParMangagrcatchief—Adefcription of the country, 
 ^Ci — Departure of the Rrfilutionfrom theifland of t anna — The natives defcribed — Arrives at Erromango— The weftem 
 eoafi of the New Hebrides explored— More new iflands difcwered^-Inhabitants and country about Cape Calnctt defcribed 
 — fhe ifland if Pines difcovered, nilban atcount of tbejfe and other trees. 
 
 (parly; they threw their darts, and appeared very feroci- 
 bus. We difchargcd (bmt mufquetS in the air. but 
 this did riot intimidate them, for they ftill threw darta 
 and ftones. Capt. Cook's mufquet midcd (ire. other- 
 wife he would certainly have killed the ring-leader of 
 them. The men dnlwH upon the tock fired at fome 
 who appeared on the heights, which rather allayed the 
 ardour of Our antagonifts, and wc had an opportunity 
 to join the tnarinest We do not think any of the n»- 
 tives were hurt, but they all retreated into the woods; 
 and feeitig we could make nothing of them, we returned 
 to the fh^. Capt. Cook named this place Savage Ifland, 
 from the condud dnd afpei5l of the iflandcrs; its (itua- 
 tionis fouth latitude 19 deg. i min. weft longitude 169 
 deg. 37 min. its foiln is circular, and is about 1 1 leagues 
 in circumference. The countty appears entirely cover- 
 ed with trees and (hrubs. Nothing but coral rocks 
 were to be feen along the (hores. The inhabitants do 
 not appear to be very numerous ; they go entirely naked, 
 except round the waift, and feem ftout well made men. 
 Some of them had their thighs, breaft. and faces painted 
 black. 
 
 We (leered for Rotterdam, and as we drew near it 
 feveral canoes laden with fruit came along-fide of us, 
 but we did not (horten fail. The people on board them 
 wanted us much to go towards thegr coaft, telling us, as 
 
 well 
 
 % \ 
 
 TH E day aftcj' we left Ulictci ive fdw laiidj which 
 proved to be a low ifland difcovered by Capt. 
 Wallis, and called by him Howe Ifland. Wt faw land 
 again on the i6th, which we called Palmerftdn Ifland, 
 in honour of lord Palmcrfton, one of the lords of the 
 Admiralty. On the 20th we difcovered land again, 
 and inhabitanu appearing upon the fliore 1 we equipped 
 two boats, and as wc approached, the inhabitants re- 
 tired into the woods. When we landed, wt took poft 
 on a high rock, to prevent a furprife. and the botani- 
 fing party began colleaing plants, with which the 
 country feemed covered. Capt. Cook took two men 
 with him and entered the woods, but on hearing the 
 inhabitants approach they returned. We made every 
 friendly (Ign in our power, but were anfwered by 
 menaces ; and one of the natives threw a ftone, which 
 ftfuck one of our party. Two mufquets were fired 
 mdifcnminately, and they all retreated into the wtMds. 
 Having embarked, we proceeded along the coaft till 
 wc came to a place where four canoes lay. In order 
 to prevent being furprifed, and to fecure a retreat, the 
 men were drawn up upon a rock. Awn whence they 
 had a view of the heights. Capt. Cook and only four 
 genderoen with him went to look at the canoes. Veiy 
 toon after the natives ruihed out of the wood upon us, 
 and wc endeavoured to no purpofe to bring them to a 
 
 1 " 
 
 
« 
 
 B; 
 
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 well af they wtre able, wc midit fafely anchor there. 
 They enquutd for Capt. Cook by name. Wc came to 
 anchor on the north-fide of the ifland on the a6th 
 il^nt. The inhabitants brought to us great quanti- 
 tk* of yatitsand haddocks, for which wc gave them old 
 rags anid nails. A party of us went afiiore to look for 
 water, and wert civilly "received by the natives. We 
 got fome water, but it was rather brackifli. We got a 
 plentiful fupply of fruit and oats, as well as water, but 
 happened to leave the furgcon on (hore. He got a 
 canoe to bl'inghim off; but jud as he was getting into 
 it, 6nc of the natives fnatchcd away his mufquet and 
 ran oif with it, after which no pcrlen would bring him 
 on board. He ccruinly would have been ftripped, 
 had he not prefcnted a tooth-pick cafe to them, which 
 they took for a little gun. Wncn Capf. Cook heard of 
 this tranfatfbion, he went alhore ; but the natives fled at 
 his approach. We did wrong in not taking any (leps 
 for the recovery of the gun, as it encouraged the in- 
 habiunts to make more depredations. A boat was 
 fcntafhore on the 28 th for (omc water, when the peo- 
 ple behaved in a rude and daring manner : it was with 
 difficulty they got their water-calks filled, and into the 
 boats again. The lieutenant who commanded this 
 party had his gun fnatchcd from him, and molt of 
 the people had fomcthing or other taken away from 
 them. This was the eiTcct of ill timed lenity. Capt. 
 Cook landed foon after, and refolved to have the gun 
 redored. All the marines were onlcicd afhorc armed. 
 As the botanifing party were in the country, three guns 
 were fired from the (hip to alarm them, as wc dicTnot 
 know how the natives might behave to them. The 
 natives knew well enough what we mtended, and 
 brought the muPiuct lone oefore the marines got afhore. 
 When the lieutenant andihe marines arrived, they all 
 fled; Capt. Cook feized two double canoes in the cove, 
 and threw a few fmall (hot into a fellow's legs, who 
 made feme rcfiflanc^. Wc very foon obtained the other 
 mufquet, and thenj^thc canoes were reftored. When 
 wc returned to thcMve, the people wanted to perfuade 
 Mi that the man Caj)*. Cook fired at was dead, which 
 Mc thought very iHiprobablc. Capt. Cook defired a 
 nun to rcdore a cooper's adze which had been (lolcn 
 that morning, and he went away, as we thought, to fetch 
 it ; but we were miftaken, for he foon returned with 
 the wounded man (Iretched out on a board apparently 
 dead. The furgeon was fent to drefs his wounds, 
 which in his opinion were but flight, and of no confc- 
 qiicncc. Capt. Cook fliH infifleaupon the adze, uid 
 with a great deal of difliculty obtained it. An old 
 woman prefented a young girl to Capt. Cook, giving 
 liim to undcrftand that flie was at his fervice. The 
 girl was artful enough, and wanted tobaigain for a fhirt 
 and a fpikc nail, neither of which the captain had with 
 him. He was then given to underftand that he might 
 retire with her upon credit, which he refilled. The old 
 procurcfs then abufed him, faying he was infcnfibfetoher 
 charms; the girl was very pretty, and wanted to go 
 aboard a fliip with the capuin ; but he would not taxe 
 her, as he had given orders nn women (hould be skU 
 initted thcrp. 
 
 On the 29th Me failed, and a great many canoes cune 
 up with us, loaded with fruit. Sec. which were exchang- 
 ed for the ufual commodities. The paflion of our 
 pe»ple forcuriofities was at f;reat as ever, and they were 
 tlripped of moll of the cWhes the ladies ofOtaheite had 
 (etc them. We llretched out for Amattafoa on the 30th, 
 and fcvcral canoes came to us from all pans with the 
 cominun articles 1 out of one of them we got two 
 pigs, which in this part of the world are a fcarce 
 (Commodity. v 
 
 On Friday the iirfl of July «%difcovefcd land, the 
 matter ami the boat were fent inlo the found to find. 
 . anchorage, four or five people weie^^ifcovered on the 
 fhore. who retreated as the boat aig^Mced, and they a4i 
 tied to the wooils \Chen the boat landed. The muter 
 returned, and brought word there were rte fotNidiog* 
 without the reef; that he rowed in for the (hore, incoid- 
 ing to fpcak to the (icople, who were about twenty in 
 number, armed with clubs and fpears s but they all 
 
 returned into the woods on his approach. He left fome 
 trifles upon the rocks, which they certiinly found, foiT 
 feveral people were fecn at the place Toon afterwards. 
 The number of inhabiunu an tint ifland Are fuppofed 
 to Ik very few, and it is very probable that the few -who 
 are there only came to catch turtlu, of which there aiiB 
 a great number here. This ifland is fituaecd S. latitude 
 19 deg. 48 min. W* longitude 178 deg. 3 min. W« , 
 called it Turtle Ifland. ; •? 
 
 After a good deal of ftormy weather we favi^ an 
 ifland. called by the natives Ambrym, on the a in of 
 July. We difcovered a creek as we drew nearer ^t^ 
 ihore, which had the ajwicanincc of a good harbouftV 
 many people were affcmbled, who invited us on (hor<^\ 
 but. we did not chufe to go, as they were armed with ; 
 bows and arrows. ^We fent out two armed boautc dif* ^*> 
 cover a port about a league more to the fouth, where > 
 we anchored in #cvcn ftuioms water. Seven) of the 
 natives came m. to us, but aSed with great cautinfi ; 
 at la(t they trufted diemielves aloagfide, uid exchan^ 
 arrows forpiccesef cloth. The arrows were pointed with 
 bone, and dipped in a green gumimr fiibltance, which 
 we imagined to be poifonous. IVqcWb were made to 
 two ftien who ventured on board, a^ others came at 
 night for the Suae puipof^ Jb*^ dik WM^aot ad.> 
 mitted. 
 
 On the 32nd, in the nor 
 round usi fome fwam, WlL^^^ 
 We prevailed on one man wlwHSBodmittilty to come 
 on board, and he waa&llowcdby more than wc «rKhed. 
 Various articles were given to four of chcm, whtch^Mf" 
 taken into the cabin ; thetc they (hewed toothen i#tli 
 canoes, who were vtry-well pWed with their recep- 
 tion. We were all put in coniiifion by an accident 
 which hi^pcned while thefe were in the cabin. One 
 of the natives who had been refofed admittance int« 
 one of our boats bent his bow at the boat-keeper, to 
 (hoot a poifoned arrow at him; he was. prevented by 
 feme of his countrymen, and Capt. Cook was ad- 
 quainted with it. Capt. Cook went on deck, and faw . 
 a man Itrumling with him, who had leaped out of the' 
 cabin wiraow for this purpofe. The fdfow again 
 pointed hb arrow at the boat-keeper ( and on Capt. 
 Cook's calling out, he pointed the arrow tf the Capt 
 tain, who ininntiy fired a mufquet at hiio. This ftng- 
 gercd him for a little v^ile, but he again pointed his 
 arrow t a fecond (hot oUised lum to defifL Several 
 began to flioot arrows on me other fide ; but they were 
 all fent off in the utmorft confofion, by a four pound 
 fliot being difchatged over their heads. They all to a 
 man ka^xd overboard. We peimittcd them to come 
 and take away their canoes, and fome again came along- 
 fiide the (hip. We heard the beating of drums on 
 (hore as foon as the four pounder was fired, which wc 
 took for the fignal for the country ro alTcmble under 
 arms. However, wc determined to go on (hore' and 
 feck for wood and fome refivfiunentt, which we wen 
 very much in wane irf*. 
 
 We landed in the bee (^ five hundred men. arsKd 
 with bowS) arrows, -fytun, and clubs, but they made 
 no omsofitien. Oipi. €obk advanced akme, with no- 
 thing but a toten branch in lus hand i on (ceing this, a 
 peAfon wholeetned to be a chid" gave his bow and ar- 
 rows to anotfter. and. came to meet him in the water, 
 took the capuin by the hand, and led him up to the 
 crowd. "The marines were at this time drawn up on 
 the beach. Capt. O>ok diitributed feveral prefenu 
 among them. We made figns that wc wanted wood, 
 for not one word of their language could we under- 
 (hind. and in return they made figns for us to <5ut down 
 the trees. They biwight a fmal| pig for « peace offer- 
 ing, and welbtttmdoutfelveswidh.thehqxs.of pro- 
 c^«g more, but thefc were vain and delufivrt for 
 we «Hy got a fmall quantity of waier. and about half a 
 t doKn cacoa-out*. They parted fieely with their ar- 
 rows, but we OBuW not psirehafc of them a^ bowa 
 without agieat deatof difficulty. Theyi<M not fctm 
 t«»ftt the &ft vatae upoirany thing we preftmad them 
 with, nor did they like we (houkl proceed farther than 
 the beach, and fcemed very defirous of our returning 
 
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cook's second voyage— for making Difcvutriet tn the South Stat 6c Round the World. i6< 
 
 evening wc did not chufc to proceed any furtlur, but 
 Hood off and on all night, when the llirt roic next 
 morning it difuppcarcJ, and wc fuw not any iaiul b(it 
 the coart wc were near. On the _3(i, we fi u a boat on 
 fhore to get fome wood if pofllblc, being nvuh in >yant 
 of that Reticle % but our pciiplc Could nui land on ac- 
 (.ount of a high furf oi the (eat and they faw not any 
 natives on that part of the ille. Having anchonxl in 
 fcventecn fathoim water, under the N. W. fide of the 
 head of the land, we faw feveral people on tiie Ihorc, 
 fome endeavouring to Avim off to \x%\ but they all rc« 
 tired when they perceived our boat approach toward* 
 ihetn. On the 1 4th, a partv went out armed to find a 
 a proper landing place, ana where wc might gain a 
 fupply of wood and w atcr. We gave the mhabitants 
 fome medals, &c. with which they appeared much 
 plcafed,* and direded us to a bay fit for our purpofc. 
 Ai we went along the fliorc their numbers incrcafcd 
 prodigioufly. We tried feveral places to land, but did 
 n«)t approve of their (ituation. At length wc caine to 
 a fine landy beach, where Capt. Cook ftepped out with- 
 out wetting his foot. He took but one man with him 
 piit of the boat, and landed in the face of a large num- 
 ber of people, having only a green branch in his b.ind. 
 The innabitants received him with great jwlitcncfs. 
 One of them, who appeared to be a chief) made the 
 natives form a femicircle round the head of the boat, 
 and chaftifed fuch as attempted to prevent it. The 
 captain gave this pcrfon feveral articles, and by figns 
 fignified his want of frefli waters upon which a little 
 was prcfently prefented to him in a bamboo, and having 
 made figns for fomcthhig to eat, they brought him 
 yams and cocoa-nuts. Their behaviour was in every 
 rcfpctt agiecable, yet we did not much like their ap- 
 pearance, as they were all armed with bows, arrows, 
 clubs, fpcars, and darts. On this account we kept a 
 good l<x)k out, and watched particularly the niotionsof 
 the chief, who wanted us to haul the boat on iliorc. 
 He renewed his figns for this to be done, and then 
 held a conference with fome of the natives. One cir- 
 cumitance appeared rather fufpicious, he refufcd fome 
 fpikc nails that we oflcred him. Capt. Cook inmudi- 
 ately returned to the boat, upon which they attempted 
 by force to detain us. Very fortunately the gang board 
 happened to be laid out for the captain to return into 
 the boat ; this Ibirie of the natives unhooked from the 
 llern as wc were putting ofi"; they then hooked it to the 
 head of the boat, and attempted to haul her on fl,ore. 
 Some of them were daring enough to take the oars out 
 oi- a few of our peoples hands. 1 hey in fome meafure 
 defifted, on Capt. Cook's prefcnting a niulket, but 
 went on again in an inftant, fcemingly dcterniincd to 
 haul the boat on fliore, and to detain us. The chief 
 was at the head of this prty, and others flood at a fmall 
 diftance behind, with ftoncs, darts, and other midile 
 weapons, ready to fupport them Our own fafcty was 
 now become our only confideration, for figns and 
 threats had not the efilc^ we cxpedcd. The captain 
 therefore refolvcd to make the chief fuflcr aloiie, a 
 vidim to his own treachery; but at this critical mo- 
 ment his piece did not go off. This incrcafcd their 
 infolencc, and they began to afliiult us with l\oncs, 
 darts, and arrows. We were now ordered to fire. The 
 firft difcharge threw them into confufion; but they 
 were very rcludantly driven off the beach by the fc- 
 cond. After this they continued a kind of bufli fight- 
 ing, by throwing f^nes from behind trees, and fome- 
 timesa dart or two. Four of them lay to all appear- 
 ance dead on the fhore, but tw o of them afterwards 
 crawled in among the buflies. It was a fortunate cir- 
 cumftancc for thefe afl^ailants, that more than half our 
 mufqueis miffed fire, otherwifc we fhould have done 
 much more execution among them. One of our 
 crew was wounded in the cheek with a dart, which en- 
 tered near two inches j and an arrow flruck Mr. Gil- 
 bert's brcaft, but ic hardly penetrated the (kin. Hav- 
 ing leturned after this (kirmifli was ended on board, the 
 captain ordered the anchor to be weighed, with a view 
 of proceeding with the (hip to the landing-place. 
 While this was doing, feveral of the natives appeared 
 a T on 
 
 «n board: thia we did after wc had cut down fome 
 wood, and they all retired Inid different parta of the 
 country. In the afternoon we obfcrvcd a man bringing 
 along the buoy, which had been taken from the kedgc 
 anchor ; and when we fcnt fome of our. creW afhore 
 for it, he immcdiattlyrdelivered it. This was the only 
 . thing they had attempted to take from us. Capt. Cook 
 and Mr. Forfter went to examine fome of their houfes 
 which bore a refemblance to thofcon the other ifles. 
 They faw a great number of fine yams, and feveral 
 pigi and fowls. They called this ifland Mallicola;, 
 .another near it Apee, and a third Paoom. Wc went 
 in fearch of frefh water, but without fuccefs. The cu- 
 riofityof thcfc people was Toon fatisficd, for none of 
 them came on board the (liip. When they faw us un- 
 der fail, they came off to us in n number of canoes, 
 and gave us many proofs of their extreme honefly, 
 which mther fupprized us, as wc had lately been among 
 a moft thieviflj race. 
 
 The people of this ifiand arc very Ugly and ilUpro- 
 portioncd, dark in their complexion, and of a dimi- 
 nutive fize. Their heads arc long, their faces flat, and 
 their features very much refemblc thofe of a baboon : 
 their beards are of a dark colour, (Irong and bu(hy. 
 The men so quite naked, except a wrapper round their 
 waifts. The women wc faw were as ugly as the men. 
 Their faces, heads, and fliouldcrs weie painted red. 
 Some of them had a bag round their (noulders, in 
 which they carry their children; and they wear a fort 
 of red petticoat. We faw but few of them, as they 
 generally kept at a dillance when wc wereonfiiore. 
 They wear bracelets, and ear-rings niade of tortoife 
 fliell, hogs tufks bent circular round the right wrift, 
 and rings made of (hells. They nm a piece of white 
 (lone, an inch and a half long, through the bridge of 
 their nofes, which are pierced for that purpofe. They 
 fprinkle water over their heads, and prefcnt a green 
 branch, as tokens of fricndfhip. Their weapons are 
 bows, arrows, clubs and fpears. They feem unlike 
 all the natives we have met with, and fpeak quite a dif- 
 ferent language. Their country muft be fertile, but the 
 fruits arc not remarkably good. We left them a dog 
 and a bitch, they having none on the ifiand, and as they 
 feemed very fond of them, we doubt not but they will 
 take care to preferve them. The harbour is a very good 
 one, and we named it Port Sandwich. 
 
 Continuing our courfe from hence, on the twenty- 
 fourth of July wc difcovcred feveral fmall iflands, one 
 of which wc came very near. It is about 12 miles in 
 circumference, and has three high peaked hills upon 
 it. We therefore named it Three Hill illand. We 
 then paired a group of fmall iflands, which wc called 
 Shepherd's ifles, in honour of Dr. Shepherd of Cam- 
 bridge. We difcerned people in every one of thefe 
 iflands : but there were no foundings near them at one 
 hundred and eighty fathoms. We found the fouthern 
 lands to confift of one large ifland, the extremities of 
 which we could not fee. On the north fide of this ex- 
 teniivc ifland we faw three or more fmaller ones. One 
 of thefe we called Montague, another Hinchinbrook 
 and the largeft Sandwich, in honour of the earl of 
 Sandwich, (Trft lord of the Admiralty. Several people 
 came down as we palFed Montague ifland, and (ccmed 
 to invite us in a friendly manner on fliorc. We faw 
 fome likewife on Sandwich ifland, the fUrface whereof 
 appeared very delightful, being agreeably divcrfified 
 with woods and lawns. As we could not approach it 
 at this time, we (leered more to the weft, as there ap- 
 peared a bay to run up in that quarter, and a good 
 ftieltcr from tlie winds. But as this was not fo much 
 our obje<ft as to difcover the fouthern extremity of the 
 Archipelago, wftfteercd E. S. E. which was the direc- 
 tion ot Sandwich ifland. 
 
 On the firft of Auguft, we gained the N. W. fide of 
 the ifland, and faw (everal inhabitants, who invited us 
 ajn«^ \ various figns. Here we fhould have an- 
 chored, but the wind: obliged us to alter our defign. 
 Bcfidcs we wanted to CKplore the knds to the S. E, 
 therefore ranged along the coaft. As we continued 
 our couifc, wc faw a light a-head; and it being near 
 
 No. 
 
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 en a low rocky doIiu. difpUying the tw mn which 
 they had ukcn from ui in the late Tculle. Wc thoucht 
 they were defirout of returning the oars, and that tlwir 
 manner of behaving ought be a token of Aibmiflkm: 
 iKvcrthelefi, that ffiey might underfland the tlStA of 
 our great guna, we Aied a four pound (hoc at them, 
 which, though it Ml (hort, terrified them Co much, 
 that we faw n« more of them, and when they went away 
 they left the twooan Handing up againft the buflicaw 
 By thii time our anchor was at the bow, when a bneic 
 ^tunff up at N. upon which wc fet our iaila, and plyed 
 out rfthe bay, for here we could not fupply our wants 
 with convenancy, and in cafe a better place could not 
 ^ found to the S. we had it in our pmref at ttty time 
 to return hither. 
 
 The mtives ofthia ifland are of a middle (izc, rraular 
 fcatures, and pn ttr well made. They arc of a (filtcrent 
 race from thofc of Mallicolr. a» well m their pcrfons, 
 as their language. Their complexiona are natural^ 
 dark t yet they paint their faces, fomc with black, and 
 ethers with red pigment. Their hair ia cur>y, b-jt 
 femcwhat woolly. The women were not very invitim, 
 being father uglv. They wear a penicoat made ofa 
 plant like pahn leaves ; and the men go in a manner 
 tuked, having only a belt and wrapper round their 
 waift. They Nve m houfes covered with thatch, and 
 their plantations are hid out by line, and fenced round. 
 Wc faw no canoes in any part of the ifland. 
 
 On Thurfilay the 4th of ^ ugull, at two o'clock P. M . 
 we cleared the bay, and ftcered for the fouth end of the 
 Kland. Wc dircovcKd on the S. W. fidie of the head 
 a pretty deep bays its (horcs low, and the hnd appeared 
 very fertile, but being expofcd to the S. £. winds, 
 until better known, wc thmk that on the N. W. fide 
 prefcraMe. The promontory or pcmnfula, which dif- 
 joins thcfe two bays we named Traitor's Head, fcnrn 
 the treacherous behaviour of its inhabitants ; it forms 
 the N. E. point of the ifland, and is fituatcd in the lati^ 
 tude of iS d<^. 43 min. S. and in 169 dec. 38 min. E. 
 longitude. It tenninates in a faddle hill, which may 
 be Icen 16 or i ft leagues otVat fca. We continued our 
 courfe to the S. S. K. when the new ifland we had be- 
 fore difoowercd, appeared over the S. E. point of one 
 near us, diltant abmic ro les^ues. Leaving the tal>, 
 we fteercdfoe the eaA end of the former, being directed 
 by a great light we fiiw upon it. On the 5th, at fun 
 rife we came in fight of an ifland, being high table land, 
 bearing E. by S. and aNb difcovered another little low 
 ifle which wc had pafifcd in the night. Traitor's Head 
 was (till in (ight, and the ifland to the S. extended from 
 S. 7 deg. W. to & (7 deg. W. diflant four miles. 
 The light feen in the night wc now found toha\-cbeen 
 a volcano. A rumbtiw noife was heard» and it threw 
 up great quantities of moke and (ire. We now (Peered 
 for the iflaind ; aii^ dircovcied a fmaU inlet which had 
 the appearance ofa good harbour. Two armed boatH 
 under the command of Lieut. Cooper, wercfent off in 
 order to found, while the (hip Aood on and ufF. to be 
 ready to follow or to afford any afllftancc that might be 
 
 Suited. We obferved a number of the natives on the 
 [ point of the entrance, alfofeveral canoes; and when 
 our boata eiuxred the harbour they launched fomc, but 
 came not near. At this time Lieut. Cooper made the 
 fignal fiw anchorage, and wc ftooil in with the (hip. The 
 wind having left us when wc were widtin the entrance, 
 we were (bilged to drop anchw, in fourfinhoms water. 
 The boata were now fcnt out to findabetter anchon^ ; 
 and while we were thus empknred, many of the natives 
 came in parties to the fea^fideaU annied, (ome fwam 
 off to ux, odiers came in cumxw At firft they feemed 
 afraid of ut, and kept at a diftance, but bv degrees 
 waxed bolder, and at length came under our ftcm, and 
 made fomc excnangea. Thofe in one of the firft canoca 
 thiew towards us ^ne cocoa-mitt. .The captain went 
 out in ]i boar, picked them up, and in retom fjKvt them 
 ieveral articles. Others were induced by thu to come 
 along-fide, who bdnved in a moft infolent manner. 
 They axtanpted to tear our flag fiom the ftaiT, would 
 have knockra the rings from the rudder, and we had 
 no fooner thrown out the buoys of the anchor i)-om the 
 
 boMs than they ||at hold ef them. We fired a fhr 
 mniqueta in the air. of which they took no notice, bm 
 a four pnuMicr akrmcdthetn (6 much, tfiat they quitted 
 dieircanM%aiidtooktethti«iter. But flmling them, 
 fdvea unhurt, ritey got again into thrir caileaa, SmMh* 
 ed thrir weapon^ halfiiwtd in itfUnrt, and wmi 
 again tn the bum, but a few nwrquctoon (hot foondii; 
 pcrTed them. They all ittiitd In hafte w the (hon, 
 and we At down 10 dinner, unmoieftcd. Irt the inteiu 
 vai of thoTe tranliiaiomk ■» old man, who Ceemcd to be 
 amicably difpd'cd, came feveral times, in a fmall canop 
 between us and the (here, bringing olf each time coco«.> 
 
 ™"* S?^ y.*"^ ** '^^^'^^ ••* ••** in exchange whatevw 
 *eoltered him. Another was in the fingway when the 
 great gim was lired, after which we could not prevail 
 on him to (hiy. In the evening we landed at the head 
 of the harbour, with a fxrty ofniert weH armed. The 
 natives made not the teaft oppofition. though we had 
 one bedy on oar right, and anodier en our left, all 
 arvned. We diftributed among the old people foine 
 prefeata of cloth and medals, and filled two caflcs with 
 frelh water, an article we gave them to underfland we 
 much wanted. We sot in return plenty of cocoa>niits,i 
 bat could not pievail on them to pan with their w - 
 pons, which they held conftantly in a pollure of de- 
 fence. The old man was in one of theie parties, but 
 bv his behaviour, we judged his temper R> be pacilk*. 
 We thought, by their prening fo much, in fpite of all 
 our endeavours to keep them at a diflance, that little 
 would be wanting to induce them to atuck us; but 
 we rc^mbarked very fooo, and thus, probably, their 
 fchcme was diicoiKerted. 
 
 Saturday the 6th, we brought the (hip as near the' 
 landing place as poffible, that we might overawe the 
 natives, and cover the party on ftioK, who were td get 
 a fupply of wood and water, which we much wanted.' 
 While we were ujM>n thia bufinefe, we Obferved the na- 
 tivcs alTembling from alt parts, all armed, to the amount 
 of fomc thourands, who formed themfetvea into two 
 divifionji, as they did the preceding evening, on each 
 Me the landing place. At intervals a canue came ofT, 
 at times conducted by one, two or three men, bringing 
 us cocoa-nuts, &c. for which they did not require anf 
 thing in return, though we took care they (hould alwaya 
 have fomething : but their principal intention feemed 
 to be, to invite us afhore. The old man before men. 
 tioned. came off to u» feveral times, and the captain 
 with a view of making him underftand, thar he wanted 
 to e(labli(h a friendly intereourfe, tuck his weapons 
 that were in the canoe, and threw them overboard, and 
 made him a prefent of a piece of cloth. He undcr- 
 fteod the meaning of this, for we faw him frequently 
 in cenverfittion with his countnmen, to whom ne 
 niide our requeft known, going firft to one party, then 
 to anodier, nor did we afterwards fee him with hia 
 weapons, or in a warlike manner. Soon after a canoe^ 
 in which were three men, came under our ftem, one of 
 whom behaved very outrageoufly» bvandUhing his clut^ 
 and ftrikingwith it the Slip's udc 1 at taft he offered 
 to exchange his weapon for a (bring of beads, and other 
 trifleit thde we teia down to him by a line, of which he 
 had no(bottrrotpo(1e(rieo, than he made off, with.i 
 out delivering his club. Wc were not forry for thi% 
 as it aflbrded us an opportunity of fliewing the pc«>le 
 on (hore the effeift of our fire arms. We thererore ' 
 without heiitatiop, complimented this fellow with th^ 
 contents of a fowling puce, loaded with fmall (hor» 
 and when the others w<re out of the rfach of mufquet 
 (hot, we fired fome mufquc:oons, or wall pieces at 
 thcnv which i^ade them take to the water. But ai| 
 t'lis Teemed to make very little imprefTion on the peoi. 
 pie afliore, who began to hallow, andfeemingly made 
 a joke of it. Haviiu moored the (hip, with her bioa^ 
 fide to the laodingpwx^ and featcdy mufquet AJDt «f^ 
 we planted our artillery in fiich a manne.- as to con»> 
 mand die whole haibeur, itnd then embs^rkcd wit^ a 
 party of feament fig>poited l^ the marinct, and towed 
 to the landing pUce, where we have before obferved 
 the natives were drawn up in two divifions. The in- 
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COOK'a SECON D VOYAGE—for making Di/coiien'es In the Soutl Seas & Round the ff^or/J. 1 67 
 
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 which were Uili a few jrfanuini, t*o br three roow, 
 ind a yam. Between thefe and the water, four fimll 
 ivedi were (hick upri^t iit the Tand, in a line at right 
 angles to the Oiore, tot whatpiarpofc wtcbuld not learn. 
 Thejr renuined here for fome dayt. By thefe th^old 
 tnan ftdod, and two companicMt, whb l^ various ugns 
 invited us to bknd, but we thought thefe a decoy, and 
 looked fomethiiv like the tt*p wetekd liken> have 
 been caught in «t. the laft iilattd. We ntade figns for 
 }M divifions to retire back, but to thefe they paid not 
 ■the leaft rqasird, their number everv moment wu aug- 
 iMnted, and, ettqx two or three dd men, not one un- 
 armed. From all thefe circumftances we concluded 
 they meant to attack ui u foon u we landed; but this 
 we wiihed to avoid, as many of them muft have been 
 killed or wounded, and w^ could not expeft to come 
 f^ff without fome damage. We thought it therefore 
 better to frighten them into a more peaceable beha- 
 viour, and therefore a mufquet was firra over the party 
 on our right, which for about a minute had the defired 
 effedl, but they foon returned to their daring behaviour. 
 The (hip'was then ordered, by fignal, to fire two or 
 threeereat guns, which prcfcntly difperfcd them. We 
 immraiately landed, and marlccd out the limits on the 
 ri|^rand left, by a line. Our old friend, who flood 
 his grbund, we rewarded ^ith a prefent. Some of the 
 hitives retuhied, with a more friendly afped. Many 
 Came without their weapons, but the greatefl part with 
 them. We made figns thai they ihould lay them down, 
 and they gave us to underfland, that we mud lay down 
 burs f\tn. Thus both iidcs flood under arms, and the 
 prcfcots we made to the old people had little influence 
 bn their tondu<ft. Many were afraid to touch what 
 bclonced to us, tind climbing the cocoa-nut trees, 
 they threw lis down the nuts, but they fccmed to have 
 Ho n3tion of exchanging one thing for another, though 
 tve always took care they (hould have a compenratinn. 
 We todk the old man (whofc name we now found to be 
 Ptowang) to the woods, and made him underfland wc 
 wanted to Cut down fome trees, to which he readily 
 confented, provided frUit trees were not of the num- 
 ber. At the lame time we cut down fome trees, which 
 we put into our boats, and a few fmall caflts of water, 
 trhh a view of letting the natives fee what wc chiefly 
 Ivanted. Thus far matters were pretty well fettftd : 
 we returned on board to dinner, and they all difpeifcd. 
 In the afternoon a fifliing party went out. We loaded 
 the launch with water, and having made three hauls 
 with the feine, caught Upwards of 300 pounds of mul- 
 let and odier fifli. During this time not above thirty 
 of the natives appeared, among whom was our trufty 
 friend P^owang, who made us a prefent of a pig the 
 only one we got at this place. Throughout the night the 
 volcano, which was about four miles to the weft of us 
 emitted vaft quantities of fire and fmoke, attended by a' 
 violent rumbling noife: this was increafed Iw a heavy 
 Ihower of rain, which fell at this tin\e. The noife was 
 like that of thunder, or the blowing up of mines; the 
 flames were feen to rife above the hills ; and die air was 
 loaded with aflies, with which every thing was covered 
 They refembled a kind of fine land, or radier ftonc 
 sround to jpowder, and the dufl was not a litde trouble- 
 fome to the eyes. 
 
 On Sunday the 7th, the natives began to aflcmble 
 mm, early in the morning, with their weapons, as 
 before, but not in fuch numbers: notwithftanding this, 
 we landed m order to get water, and cut wood. We 
 found moft of the old people difpofcd to be our friends 
 but the vounger being daring ar,^ infolent, oblimd us 
 »> ftand to our arms. Mr. Edge tmbe. one of the 
 lieurenants who commanded the jarty, fired, and 
 wounded a man with a fwan-ftiot, after which the 
 others behaved better, and when our people embarked 
 they all retired in a peaceable manner. While we were 
 at dinner an old man came on board, and after havine 
 examined ftveral pom of the fliip, returned to his 
 tmnta on Oiow. ^e were now on a tolerable footinir 
 with fuchof the natives wholived in the neighbourhooJr 
 who only made their appearance, fo that a fenreant'i 
 guard was thought fuflicient for the piotcdtion of the 
 
 wood and water parties. Some of our people had 
 left an ax on the beach or iii the woods< which Paowan^ 
 returned to us ; alfo a few othcir articles which had been 
 loft through negligence; The natives inVited fome of 
 our people to gb home with them, on condition that 
 they would (trip themfclves naked as they were; a 
 proof of their not harbouring a deflgrt Of robbing themi 
 whatever other they roighf have. On the 8ch, early in 
 the morning, the launch was (eilt under the protoaioit 
 of a party of nMrines in artothft boat, to tstke ih wood, 
 water, and ballaft, when the nsktives Ibemcd ptvtty well 
 reconciled to us. On the 9th, our people were cm-; 
 ployed about the fame bufinefs, and Capt. drnVi was 
 received very courteoufly by the natives, thoi^ armed, 
 irifomuch that there was no loneer any ocdtfion to mark 
 out the limits by a tine, feeing they obferved them with- 
 out this precaution. He prevailed on a young man, 
 named Wha-a^gou to accompany him on board, but 
 nothing in the fliip feemed to en^ge his attention. 
 The gOats, dogs, and cats, he called by the lame namei 
 which in his language (ignifies hogs. He feemed 
 more fond of a dog and bitch than of any other ani- 
 mals, and wc prefentcd him with one of each. He fut 
 down to dinner with us, but would only jull tafle our 
 fait pork ; however he eat pretty heartily of yam, and 
 drank a glafs of wine. Some of this young man's 
 friends were probably doubtful of his fafcty, and there- 
 fore follov/ed him ina canbcbut on his fpeakingto them 
 out of the cabin window, they went on (hore, and foon 
 rctumed with a cock, fome cocoa-nuts, and a fugar 
 cane. After dinner he was conduced a(horc loaded 
 with prefents. Upon landings fome of his friends took 
 Capt. Cook by the hand, and, as Wc underftood, would 
 have led him to their habitations, but on the way, they 
 made a fudden flop, and were unwilling he (hould 
 proceed. The captain was defired to iit down. Du- 
 ring this interval fcveral of our geiitlcmen pafTcd us, 
 at which ihcy expreflld great uneafincfs, and impor- 
 tuned the captain fo much to order them back, that 
 he was obliged to comply. Indeed they were not only- 
 jealous of our going up the country, but even along the 
 fliorc of the harbour, \^'hi!e we were waiting here, our 
 friend Paowang brought us a prefent of fruit and roots^ 
 by a party of 20 men, though they might all have 
 been carried by two ; perhaps this might be done with 
 the view of making the prefent appear the greatcf; for 
 one had a bunch of plantains, another a yam, a third a 
 cocoa nut, &c. The captain paid thefe porters, though 
 the prefent was in return for one he had made in the 
 morning. Wha-a-gou and his friends were ftiil for 
 detaining us, and feemed to wait with impatience for 
 fomething to give us in return for the dogs, but niglit 
 approaching, we defired to depart ; and they coftipfied 
 with our folicitations. We now learnt, by means of 
 Mr. Forfler's enquiriei, that the proper name of this 
 ifland is Tanna. The natives alfo told us the names of 
 other neighbouring ifles. I'hat we touched at laft is 
 called Erromaneo ; the fmall one which we faw tht 
 morning we landed here, Immer; the table ifland tb the 
 eaft, difcovered at the fame time, Erronan, or Footbona : 
 and one that lies to the S. £. Annattom ; all which 
 iflands are to be feen from Tanna. It is a little re- 
 markable, that the natives of this ifland were more 
 fcrupulous in taking any thing from the ft.ilors, than 
 thole of any other nation, and never would touch with 
 their bare hands what was given them, but always r6& 
 ceived it between green leaves, which they dfterwards 
 tied up and carried upon the ends of their clubs ; lind if 
 any of our feamen touched their (kin, they always 
 rubbed the part with a green leaf. When thefe peo- 
 ple make a wonder at any thing, they cry Hebow, and 
 fluke their right-hands. They wear bracelets, tike as 
 the Indians of Venemous Bay, in which they (lick their 
 hair pricker, and fikewife their flings, with which they 
 throw their javelinai;«nd it is aflonifHMig with what 
 dexterity and force foim ivf them will hit a mark. One 
 of them, in the prefencc of the firft lieutenant, fliot a 
 fifli as it fwam along in the fea, at the di(iance of 26 
 yards, with a bow and .nrrow, which gfli the lieutenant 
 carried on board with the arrow flicking in his body 
 
it' 
 
 as a proof of what he had fccn performed. But not- 
 withlianding their delicacy and (kill as markfmcn, they 
 ;;avtus toundcrftand that they cat one another; and 
 one day when the inhabitants about the bay had 
 marched forth anned, on an expedition, to a didant 
 part of the ifland, thofe that remained invited us to 
 feait upon a man whom they had barbiqucd, which 
 invitation our gentlemen rcfufed with the utmoft dif- 
 gud. It has &en faid,' that no nation could be can- 
 nibals, had they other flefh bcfidcs human to eat, or did 
 not want food ; but we cannot afcribc thefavage cudom 
 .of thefc people to neceflity, fince the ifland abounds 
 with plenty of hogs, fowls, vegetables, and fruit. 
 While fome of our people were employed in fcaiehing 
 for ballad, they difcovered water illuing from the 
 crevices of a rock, hot enough to draw tea; which cir- 
 cumdance led to the dtfcovcry of fome hot fprings, at 
 the foot of the diff, below high-water mark. In one 
 place the waters were fo hot, that there was no bearing 
 the finger in them: in another they were juft hot 
 enough to bear to plunge the w hole body, but not re- 
 main long therein. Two of the fliip's company, who 
 had been troubled with rheumatic complaints, at times, 
 throughout the voyage, went accompanied with the 
 furgcon, tooneofthcie fprings, but found the flones fo 
 hot that they could not Hand upon them, without firll 
 plunging in fome of their cold garments, to keep the 
 Iblcs of their feet from touching them j but the effect 
 of thefc waters was found to be only a temporary re- 
 lief. 
 
 On Wednefday the loth, Mr. Wales, accompanied 
 by fome of the officers, proceeded for the firrt time 
 into the country, and met wirh civil treatment from the 
 natives. They faw in the courfc of this and another 
 excurfion, fevetal fine plantations of plantains, fugar- 
 . canes, Sec. and by this time, the natives in our neigh- 
 bourhood, appeared (b well reconciled to us, that they 
 expreflcd no marks of difplcafure at our rambling 
 (hooting parties. But after we had been feveral days 
 taking in wood and water, they began again to be 
 troublefome, watching every opportunity to level their 
 arrows at the guard, and fccmcu to be red rained only 
 by the fear of their mufqucts from proceeding to ex- 
 tremity. It is more than probable, however, that an 
 act of violence on the part of our men, might, by a 
 wanton ufe of their fire-arms, have caufcd their refent- 
 ijicnt ; for in the afternoon of this day, a few boys, 
 having thrown two or three ftones at the wood-cutters, 
 ihcy were fired at by the petty ofliccrs prefent on duty. 
 Haying occalion for fome large timber to repair the 
 decays of the Ihip, orders had been given a few days 
 before, to cut down a tree of vaft growth; and for the 
 convenience of getting it aboard, to faw it into three 
 pieces. This tree fo divided, the natives eyed with 
 pleafure, not fufpedling our men intended to carry it 
 off, but to leave it in compliment to them, as it fuited 
 cxaiitly their ideasof conrfruding juft double the num- 
 ber of canoes. To the cutting down and fawing the 
 trees the natives made no oppofition; but when they 
 faw the failors employed in mlling down the body of 
 the tree to the water's edge, they could not help look- 
 ing furly; and one of them, probably more interefted 
 than the reft, was frequently feen to offer his fpcar 
 at the labourers, but was refti-ained for fear of the 
 guard: at length he watched his opportunity, and, 
 ftarting from behind a bufti, was levelling an arrow at 
 the commanding officer, w hen he was dilcovered, and 
 ftiot dead. The ball tore his arm to pieces, and en- 
 tered > 'S fide. His companions inftantly carried off 
 the body, and laid it in the wood, where the ftiip's fur- 
 gcon went to examine it, but found the man totally 
 deprived of life. Capt. Cook was much difplcafcd 
 with the condud of thefe officers, and took meaiiires to 
 prevent a wanton ufe of fire-arms for the future. The 
 Ihip's company were now permitted to go aftiorc only 
 by turns, for the prefervation of their health; and the 
 captain knowing the natives wanted nothing fo much 
 as an opportunity to revenge the death of their com- 
 panions, ftriitly enjoined them never to walk alone ; 
 nor toftray moce than too yards from the guard. 
 
 On Thurfday the nth, during the night, the vol- 
 cano was very troublefome, and threw put great quan- 
 tities of fire and fmokc, with a moft tremendous noifc » 
 and fometimes wc faw great ftones thrown into ths 
 air. In feveral parts of the harbour, places were found 
 from whence a fulphurous fmell iffucd, and the ground 
 about thefe was very hot. Mr. Forftcr and his bo- 
 tanizing party, on one ilde of the harbour, fell in with 
 our friend Paowang's houfe. Moft of the articles h« 
 had received from us were feen hanging about the 
 buflies and trees near hit dwelling. On the 12th, th« 
 volcano was more furious than ever, and wc were 
 much molefted with the afhes. Some of our gentle- 
 men attempted to afcend a hill at fome diftance, wit|i 
 an intent of obferving the volcano more diftindtly j but 
 they were obliged to retreat .precipitately, the ground 
 under them being fo hot, that they might as well have 
 walked over an oven : the fmell too ot the air was in- 
 tolerably fulphurous, which was occafioned by a fmoKe 
 that iffued from the fiflures of the earth; yet in this 
 fmokc the natives feck a remedy for cutaneous dil^ 
 orders. Mr. Forfter obcfcrving a man holding a child 
 over the fmoke, had the curiofity to enquire the reafon, 
 who made him underftand, by (liewing the child's 
 eruptions, that it was troubled with the itcn. The rain 
 that fell this day was a mixture of water, fand, and 
 earth; fo that wc had, properly fpeaking, ftiowcrs of 
 mire. The natives pretended to be unwilling, that wc 
 (hould this day go far up the country by ourfclves, and 
 offered their fcrvices to conduft us to the mouth of the 
 volcano. Wc readily accepted their offer, but inftead 
 of {hewing us the way to the place, we found our- 
 fclves near the harbour before we difcovered the 
 trick. 
 
 On Saturday the 1 3th, Paow ang came on board to 
 dine with us. We took this opportunity of (hewing 
 him every part of the ftiip, and a variety of trading 
 articles, hoping he might fee fomcthing that he liked, 
 and fo a traflu: be carried on w ith the natives for re- 
 freftiments, of which what wc had hitherto obtained 
 were very trifling. But Paowang beheld every thing 
 with the greateft indifference, except a wooden fand- 
 box, of which he took fome notice. On the 14th, a 
 party of us endeavoured to get a nearer view of the 
 volcana, and took our rout by the way of one of thofe 
 hot places already mcntioiKd. In the way we dug a 
 hole, into which was put a thermometer of Fahrenheit's 
 conftruction. The mercur)- rofc to 100 degrees; but 
 the inftrumcnt remained in the hole near three mi- 
 nutes without its rifing or falling. At this place the 
 earth was a kind of white clay, and had a fulphurou* 
 fmell. It was foft and moift under the furface, over 
 which was a thin dry cmft, having upon it fome ful- 
 phur, and a vitriolic fubftance, talhng like alum. The 
 place affected moft by the heat, and w here we made 
 the experiment, was not above eight or ten yards 
 fquare. Near this was a fig-tree which fcemed to like 
 its litiiation. We proceeded up the hill through a 
 country entirely covered with plants, (hrubs, and trees, 
 infomuch that the bread-fruit, and cocoa-nut trees, 
 were in a manner choaked up. Here and there we 
 met with a few people, a houfe or two and fome plan- 
 tations in different ftfltes ; one appearing ollong ftand- 
 ing; another lately cleared ; and feveral ju*^ ready lor 
 planting. The clearing a piece of ground nuift be a 
 work ot much time and labour, feeing their working 
 tools, though the fame as thofe ufcd in the Society 
 Ifles, are inferior to themj neverihelcfs their method 
 is judicious, and as expeditious as well can be. They 
 dig under the roots of the large trees, and there bum 
 the branches, plants, and fiiiail riirubs. In fome parts, 
 the foil is a rich black mould ; in others a kind of com- 
 poft formed of decayed vegetables and the aflies of the 
 volcano. We now came to a plantation where w^c faw 
 a man at work, who offered to be our guide. We had 
 not walked far before we came to the junction ot two 
 roads, in one of which ftood a man with a fling and 
 ftonc, which he would not lay dov.n till a mufquct was 
 pointed at him; he fecmed, however, determined to 
 difputc the road with us, and partly gained his point. 
 
OOK's SECOND V'U V AGE — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 69 
 
 point, 
 
 for our gwiSe W ui another way>' The other man foU 
 knredi hallooing, ai we fuppofed, for arcinforccment, 
 and, indeed, we were prefcntly joined by others of tht 
 natives, among whom was a young woman with a club 
 in herhairf. Thtfc people conduded us to the brow 
 <>f a hill, *nd pointed to a road leading down to the 
 )utb(mr. ' But riot chboflhg to take this, we returned 
 ny that we had left, ind here our guide refufed to go 
 *af fkrther with us. Having afcendcd another ridge. 
 We Jaw other hills between us and the volcano, which 
 itemed as far ofFas at our firft fetting out. We therc- 
 Ibre'refolved to return, and juft as we were about fo 
 dmn<P, We were met by ao or 30 people, aflembled as 
 ^« £(Aig)it to oppofe our advancing mto the country, 
 foryrhen theyfawus returning, they fufferedus to go 
 On unmolefted, and by the way regaled us with a variety 
 of- fruits. What we did not cat on the fpot, they 
 brought down the hiU with us. I'hus we found thcfe 
 peojni courteous and hofpitable, when not prompted 
 to a ctrntrarytondudb by jcaloufy ; for which they were 
 not to blame, if weconlider their rude ftatc, and ig- 
 norance of our real defign. This indeed was to pay 
 them a friendly vilit, but confidering all the circum- 
 fiances attending this, might they not reafonably fnp- 
 pofe, hotwithftanding ftiir appearances, that we came 
 to invade tTicfr country? Did We not enter their ports, 
 without their daring to oppofe? Did we not" cttcdt a 
 hndingby the lupcriority of our arms? Would they 
 not therefore be jealous of fuch uitruding ftrangcrs? 
 When we endeavoured to advance into their country, 
 they might naturally form unfavourable notions of us ; 
 cfpecially if we confidcr how often they are at war 
 both among themfelves anid with their neighbours. 
 We muft here obferve.that fomeof our gentlemen were 
 of opinion, that thefe people were addiftcd to an un- 
 natural paflion, Mr. Forffer's man, who carried his 
 plant bag, having been once or twice attempted : but 
 ds the carrying ot bundles is the office of the women of 
 this country, others thought, the natives might nii( - 
 take him for a woman. This man was to-day one ot 
 our party, and as he followed the captain down the 
 hill, havms his bag as ufual, we plainly undcrllood by 
 the convenation and adions of the natives, that they 
 confidcred him as a female ; and when, by fome means 
 they difcovered their miibike, they exclaimed, with 
 
 Jnuch furprize, Erramangc ! Erramange 1 It is a man! 
 t is a man! Every one now perceived, and was 
 Well alTured, they had before mifiaken his fex ; and 
 hehce it is plain, how liable we arc to form falfe con- 
 jedures and opinions of a people, with whofc language 
 we are not much acquainted: for had we not now 
 been undeceived, it is not to be doubted, but that thefc 
 people would have been charged with the odious 
 pradice of which they had through ignorance been fuf- 
 pcdcd. 
 
 In the evening, a party of us a^iin walked into the 
 country on the other lidc of the harbour, where we 
 met from the natives, among whom was Paowang, 
 friendly treatment. They difcovered a readinefs'to 
 oblige us in every thing in their power. We entered 
 the village we had viliied on the 9th inftant, conuining 
 about 20 houfes, built like the roof of our thatched 
 dwellings in England, with the walls taken away, and 
 open at both ends ; but others are partly clofcd with 
 reeds, and all were covered with palm thatch. Some 
 arc 40 feet long, and 1 6 in breadth, Bcfides thefe. wc 
 ftw other mean hovels. One of thefe was fcpatatcd 
 from the others by a reed fence, and wc undcrftood a 
 itorpfe was depofltcd therein. At one end of the hut 
 Rung a balkct, with a piece of roaficd yam, and fome 
 leaves quite frefh. Wc had a ftrong inclination to fee 
 the ihfide, but the man peremptorily refufed our 
 fcqucft. He would neitlier remove the mats with 
 which one end of the hut was clofed up, norfuffer us 
 to doll J and (hewed an unwillingnefs to permit us to 
 k»k Into the bafliet. He liad two or three locks of 
 human hair tied by a, firing round his neck, and a 
 woman prefent UA fcveral about her neck. We would 
 K4ve purchafe<l •themrbut they gave Us' to undcrftand 
 By. figns, thit they were a part of the hair of the de- 
 • No. ao. 
 
 ceafed, and oil that account they coijld not part witH 
 them. This cufiom is fimilar to that among the na« 
 tives of Otahcite and New Zealand, the former make 
 Tamau of the hair of their departed friends, and the 
 latter car-rings and necklaces of their teeth. Not 
 far from moft of the large houfes, the ftems of fou^ 
 cocoa-nut trees were fixca Upright in thegroiind, in S 
 fquare, about three feet from each other, for the pur- 
 pofe of hanging cocoa-nuts to dry. Near mofi of therni 
 IS alfo a latere tree or two, whofe branches afford iiii 
 agreeable retreat from the heat of the fcorching fun.' 
 This part of the ifland is well cultivated, abounding 
 with plantains, roots, and fruit trees. One of our peo- 
 ple weighed a yam which exceed^ 55 pounds. The 
 trees too are of an extraordinary iize : but a wide circle 
 in the interior part of the ifland, difcovered nothing 
 to the eye but a dreary wafte, covered with cinders, ana 
 tainting the air with fulphur. Other furroundine 
 iflands looked pleafant to the eye ; but according to the 
 report of the natives of Tanna, abounded in nothing of 
 which they themfelves could want. 
 
 On Monday the 1 5th, oreparations were continued 
 on board to let fail, the fhip was fmoaked above ^nd 
 below : the hold frelhftowed; the ballaft ftiiftcd : the 
 wooding and watering were finifhcd ; the rigging fettirig 
 up ; anda few hands only were on (hore making broomsj 
 in fhort every thing was placed in fuch order, as if the 
 fhip had been but juft fitted out at home for a fong 
 voyage. One of the botanical party this day ftjot 1 
 pigeon, in the craw of which was a wild nutmeg. Mr.' 
 Forftcr endeavoured, without fuccefs, to find the tree.'' 
 During their excurfion, they obfervcd in moft of tha 
 fugar plantations deep holes dug, four feet deep, and 
 five in diameter, which, on enquiry, we found wer# 
 defigned as traps to catch rats in. Thcfe animals, fof 
 deftrudive to fugar-canes, are here in great plenty. 
 Round the edge of thcfe pits, as a decoy, and that the 
 rats may be more liable to tumble in, the canes are 
 planted a& thick as pofTible. On the 1 6th, we found 
 our tiller very much damaged, and by ncglcd, we had 
 not a fparc one aboa rd. We knew of^ b-jt one tree in- 
 the neighbourhood that would do for our purpofe." 
 The carpenter was lent afhore to examine it, and upOn 
 his report a party of men were direded to cut it down,' 
 after tne confent of the natives had been obtaine^i^ 
 They did not make the Icaft objedion, and our nieh 
 went inftantly to work. Much time was neceffary to 
 cut itdown, as the tree was large ; and before they had 
 finifhed their work, word was brought to the captain,' 
 that our friend Paowang was not plcafed. Paofwang 
 was fcnt for, and our necelTity explained to him. 
 • We then made him a prefent of a piece of cloth and 
 a dog, which readily obtained his confent, and the 
 voices of thole who were with him in our &vour. Pav- 
 Tng thus obtained our point, we condudcd our friend 
 on board to dinner;' after which we went with him 
 afhore to pay a vifit to an old chief, who was faid t6 be 
 the king of the ifland ; though as Paowang took little 
 notice of him, we doubted the fad. His name was 
 Geogy. He had a chearful open countenahcc, though 
 he was old, and wore round his waift a broad red and 
 white checquercd belt. His fon was w ith him, who 
 could not be lefs than 50 years old. At this time k 
 great concourfe of people from diftant parts ^cre af^ 
 iMnbled near the watering place. Hie behaviour of 
 many was friendly; of others daring and infolent; 
 which we did not think prudent to refent, as our ftay 
 was nearly at an end. 
 
 On Wednefday. the 17th, Old Geogy, and his fon, 
 with {cvcrai of his friends, dined with us on board 
 the fliip, every part of which they viewed with un- 
 common attention and furprize. They made a hearty 
 dinner on a pudding made of plantains and greens ; 
 but would hardly uftc our fait beef and pork. In the 
 afternoon they were condudcd afhore by the captain, 
 after he had prefentcd them with a hatchet, fome me- 
 dals, and a (pike nail. On the i Sth, the cap:ain and 
 Mr. Former tticd, with Fahrenheit's thermometer, 
 when the tide was out, the head of one of the hot 
 fp'rings ; and where the ^^tcr bubbled out of the fand 
 a U from 
 
1 
 
 1 i 
 i I 
 
 I i; 
 
 i( 
 
 from under the nek, at the S. W. comer of ihc har- 
 bour, the incrcury cofe to aoi d^. It is an opinion 
 with philofwhen, that volcano* mud be on the fum- 
 inits«r the nigheft hillt; yet, this volcano is not on the 
 hig^icft part m the lidge, but on the S. E. fide of it i 
 and fonne of the hilla on thia illand arc more than dou- 
 ble the height of that on which the volcano is, and 
 elofe to it. Nor is it lefs remarkable, that in wet or 
 anoift weather, the volcano it more violent in its erup- 
 ttoot. We muft here content ourfelvea with Hating 
 h&t : the philofophical rcafonin^ on thefe phnw 
 mena, we leave to men of more abilities, whofe talenu 
 may lay in this line. On Friday the 19th, we pre- 
 jwred for failing, a« the tiller was finifiicd ; but the 
 ■wind being unfitvourable, the guard and a party of 
 men were lent alhore, to bring off the remainder of 
 the tree from which we had cut the tiller. The cap- 
 tain went with them, and found a good number of the 
 natives collcded toother near the landing-place, among 
 whom various articles were diftributed. At the time 
 our people were gettine fome large logs into the boat, 
 the ceotry prefented his piece at one of the natives, 
 and, without the Icaft apparent caufe fired at, and 
 killed him. A few of the natives had juft before ad- 
 vanced within the limits, to fee what we were about, 
 but upon being ordered back, they readily obeyed. 
 The fiulow of a centry pretended, that a man hf>d laid 
 
 !ii* arrow acrofs his bow, fo that he apprehended him- 
 elf in danger ; but this had been frequently done, out 
 of a bravado, to ihew they were armed, and prepared 
 equally with ourfelves. Capt. Cook was highly exaf- 
 perated at this rafcal's rafli condwfl ; and moft of the 
 people flrd with the utmofl precipitation. As they 
 ran off, we obferved one man to fall ; and the capuin 
 went with the fuiveon, who was fcnt for to the man, 
 whom they fiMind expiring. His left arm was much 
 (hatttred, and from hence the ball had entered his body 
 'by the (hort ribs, one of which was broken. What 
 Tendercd-thissincident the more aifedling was, that the 
 man who bent the bow was not fliot, but one who Rood 
 by him. The natives were thrown into fuch conftcr- 
 nation, that they brought abundance of fruit, which 
 they laid down at our feet. They all retired when we 
 returned aboard to dinner, and only a few appeared 
 in the afternoon, among whom were Paowang, and 
 Wha-a-gou. 
 
 On Saturday, the aoth, the wind was favourable for 
 vetting out of the harbour ; for during the nieht it 
 had veered round to the S. E. At four o'clock A. M. 
 we therefore began to unmoor, and, having weighed 
 our anchor, put to fea. As we failed we heard a noife, 
 not unlike plalm filling. It was now too late to en- 
 ouirc imo the cauic ; probably the natives were per- 
 forming fome religious aifls. We thought that the ead 
 point of the harbour was facrcd to relieion, for fome 
 of our people had attempted to ^ to inis point, and 
 were prevented by th6 natives. They were always jea- 
 lous of our proceeding into the country b^ond certain 
 limits: they might be apprchcnfivc of an invafion, and 
 that we meant to take their country from them. All 
 we can fay is, that no part of our condud juflified 
 fuch a concluiion. We never gave them the Icall mo- 
 Icltation ; nor did we touch any part of their property, 
 not even their wood and water, without having fim ob- 
 tained their confcnt. Even the cocoa-nuu hangiiu; 
 over the heads of the workmen, were u fafc as thote 
 in the middle of the ifland. We caught a laige quan- 
 tity of filh, and were tolerably well fupplicd by the na- 
 tives with fruit and roots t and (hould ceruiol^ have 
 obtained more refreihments, had we had any thing on 
 board that fuited their tafte. Our cloth was of no ufe 
 to thofc who go naked, and they had not any know- 
 ledge of the utility of iron. Inough the people of 
 this ifland, after fi:cling the efiedls of the European fire 
 arms, were peaceable, thev were not in goieral friendly t 
 nor were they like the Indians in the Society Iflcs, fond 
 of iron : they wilhed for fome of the tooli with which 
 they faw our icamen cut down wood ; but, except an 
 adte or two, they never attempted to ftcal any thing. 
 The cdopers Icn their caflu during the night un- 
 
 
 guarded t nor were they under any apprchcnti*ns about 
 their cloaths, which they fullered to lie cartlefly here 
 and there while they were at work. Thifc people dif^ 
 covered none of that difpofition to thievery which it 
 has been faid every Indian inheriu naturally. In their 
 courfe of trade, they totally difrrgarded beads and 
 baubles, and feemed to prefer Rotterdam fifli hooks, 
 and turtle-flicll, to every thing elfe that wu oiEettd 
 them. They would not permit the failors to have any 
 communication with their wives ; no.- ^ere they eafily 
 perfuaded to part with their arms on any account. The 
 produce of the ifland they freely parted with, not re- 
 
 Suiring any thing in return t but on whatever was be- 
 owed labour in the conflrudion, they fct a high 
 value. 
 
 This ifland of Tanna jproduces abundance of plan- 
 ains, cocoa-nuts, bread fruit, yams, a kind of potatoe, 
 a fmit like a n^dbirine, wild figs, fusar-canc, and ai 
 fruit not unlike an orange, but wliich is never eaten. 
 The bread fruit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, are neither 
 fo plentiful, nor fo good, as at Ocaheite i but fugar- 
 canes and yams are of fupcrior quality, and much 
 laiccr. We faw here a few fouls, and a great number 
 of nogs, but the latter did not fall to our lot ; and we 
 did not fee in all our cxcurfions any other domvftic 
 animals. We met with fome fmall birds, with a muft 
 beautiful plunuye, which we had never feen before. 
 Our botanifls found many curious plants and trees ; as 
 
 treat a variety as at any iflaiK) v e had viiiicd. The in- 
 abiuntt appear to rublift chicfljr on the productions of 
 the land, and ate not much indebted to the fea, 
 though there are plentv of iifli on the coafl. We never 
 found any filhing tackle among them, nor faw any one 
 out a fiflung. except on the Ihoals, or along the liiorea 
 of the harbour, where they would ftrike with a dart 
 fuch fifh as came within their reach, and in this art 
 they were very expert. They were furprizcd at our 
 method of catching fifh with the feine, and, we be- 
 lieve were not well plcafed with our fuccefs. The 
 fmall ifle of Immer was chiefly inhabited by fifhermen, 
 and the canoes we faw pafs to and fiom the ifle, and the 
 call point of the harbour, we obferved were fifhing ca- 
 noes. Thefe were of unequal lizes, and compofed of 
 feveral pieces of wood clumflly fewcd together. The 
 joints are covered on the outflde by a thin batten cham- 
 
 ?;red off at the edges, over which the bandages pafs. 
 he fail is lattcen, extended to a yard and boom,, and 
 hoifted to a fliort maft. Some of the large canoes have 
 two fails, and all of them out-riggers. They are navi- 
 gated either by paddles or fails. 
 
 Thefe people have litte refemblance or affinity to thofe 
 of the Fwendly Iflands, and thofe of Mallicollo, except 
 in their hair, which is much like what the people of 
 the latter ifland have. The colours arc black and brown, 
 growing to a tolerable length and curly. They part 
 It into Unall locks, which they cue round with the rind 
 of a flender plant, down to about an inch of the ends. 
 Each of thefe locks is fomew hat thicker than the com- 
 mon whip-cord { and they appear like a parcel of fmall 
 ftrings hanging down from the crowns of their heads. 
 Their beards are generally fliort, flrong and bufhy. The 
 women wcartheir hair cropped, as do the boys, till xhef 
 approach manhood. 
 
 We took fome pains todifcoverhow far their geogra- 
 phical knowledge extended, and found it not to ex* 
 ceed the limits of their horizon. To Erronan we maf 
 afcribe one of the two languages they fpeak, which i# 
 nearly, if not exadUy, the fame as th; c fpoke at the 
 Friendly Iflands. It it thercforcfore probable, that by 
 a long intercourfe with Tanna, and the other neigk* 
 bouring iflands, each hath learnt the others language 
 which they fpeak indifcriminately. The other language 
 which the people 01 Tanna, Erromaiiffo, and Aniutom 
 fpeak, is properly their own. It ia different from any 
 we had before met with, and bearv no affinity to that <n 
 Mallicollo; from whence wc conclude, that the native* 
 of thefe ifland* are a diftin^t nation of themfelve*. 
 Mallico'lo. Apee,&c. were names unknown to themt 
 they even knew nothing of Sandwich Ifland, which i* 
 much tb9 nearer. 'Inefe people are rather flender 
 
 madei 
 
ffi 
 
 m^ 
 
 ^m^ ^'i^ 
 
 
 
 \, I'W 
 
 m 
 
 ^r' 
 
 .V 
 
 ^^ V 
 
 
 ••'UX 
 
 ?■-'*• 
 
 ii>' 
 
 />^,V 
 
 -<* .-y 
 
 i*!:^ 
 
 ;f?f; 
 
 
 ^t' 
 
 .<' A.' 
 
 ^'i. 
 
 M 
 
 /■ 
 
 
 N 
 
 X' 
 
 ♦ ^••* •«•■>' ov'arwv 
 
 luM****' • -*A* 
 
cook's second voyage— for making Z)i«'«*r/w in the SoutbSeas & Round the IVorld. 171 
 
 made, and of the middle free. They have a^rfcable 
 countenances, good features, and are very adti* and 
 nimble, like the other tropicsj inhabitants. The fe- 
 males, are put to all laborious works ; and the men 
 walk unconcerned by their fide, when they are loaded 
 With heavy burdens, befides a child at the back. 
 Perhaps the men think, that their carrying their arms, 
 and defending them, is fufficient. We often faw large 
 parties of women carrving various kinds of articles, and 
 a party of men armea with clubs and fpears to defend 
 them, though now and then we have fecn a man carry 
 ■ buiden at the fame time, but not often. The women 
 of Tanna are not very beautiful, yet they are cerainlv 
 handfomc enough for the men, who put ihem to all 
 kinds of drudgery. Though both men and women arc 
 dark coloured, they are not black, nor do they bear any 
 itlWnblance to negroes. They make themfelves 
 blacker than they rc3ly arc, by painting their faces of 
 the colour of black-lead. Thcv ufe alto a fort of pig- 
 ment which is red, and a third fort brown, all thefe, 
 cfpecially the ftrft, they lay on with a liberal hand, not 
 only on the face, but on the neck, fhouldets, and brcaft. 
 The women wear a petticoat nude of leaves, and the 
 men nothing but a belt and wFa|>per. Bracelets, ear- 
 ringi, and amulets, are indifcriminately worn by both 
 fexes. The amulets are made of the green ftone of 
 Zealand ; the braceleu of fea.(hells or cocoa-nut ; and 
 the necklaces, chiefly worn by the women, moftly of 
 feufhells. The valuable ear-rings are made of tor- 
 toifefhell. Some of our people having got fbme at the 
 Friendly Iflanda, brought it to a good market here, 
 where it was nH>re ellecmed than any thing we offered 
 to falc. Hence we concluded thefe people caught but 
 few turtle, though one was feen iuft as we got under 
 fail. Towards the time of our departure, the natives 
 begfM to enquire after hatchets and large nails ; from 
 which we concluded, that they had found iron to be 
 of more value and t than (lone, (hells, or bones, ^ 
 which their tools are made. Their Aone hatchets are 
 not (haped like an adze, as in the other iflanda, but more 
 like an ax; and in the helve, which is pretty thick, is 
 made a hole, into which the (lone is fixed. 
 
 If we except the cultivation of the ground, thefe peo- 
 fdc have few arts worth mentioning. Thev make a 
 coarfc kind of matting, and cloth of the baric of a tree, 
 ufed chiefly for belts. The workmanfhip of their 
 canoes is very clumfy; and their arms come far fhort 
 of others we had feen. Their weapons arc bows, ar- 
 rows, (loncs, clubs, fpears, and daru. On the lad they 
 place mod dependence, and thefe are pointed with three 
 bearded edges. In throwiiw them, they make ufe 
 of A becket, that is a piece of ftilf plaited cord about 
 fix inches long, with an eye at one end, and a knot at 
 the other. The eye is fixed on the fore finger of the 
 right-hand, and the other end is hitched round the 
 dart, where it is nearly on an equipoife. Thw hold 
 the dart between the thumb and rcnuining nngers, 
 which fcrve only to give it diredlion, the velocity being 
 communicated by the becket and fore finger. The 
 former flies off from the dart the indant its velocity be- 
 comes greater than that of the hand, but it remains on 
 the finger ready to be ufed again. They kill both 
 birds and fifh with darts, and are pretty certain of 
 hitting die mark, within the compalsofacrown of a 
 hat, fuppofc the obictfl to be diflant eight or ten yards j 
 but if twice that didancc, it is chance if they hit a 
 mark the file of a nwn's body, though they will throw 
 the weapon 60 or 70 yards t for they always throw with 
 all their might, let the didancc be what it may. Their 
 arrows arc made of reeds pointed with hard wood. 
 Some are bearded : fomenot; and thofc for (hooting 
 jjirda have two, three, and four points. The done* in 
 general, are branches of coral rocks, from eight to four- 
 I*^" j'."'^''" ''"'C' ""<1 from an inch to an mch and a 
 half dumeter. Thefe are generally kept in their beln. 
 livery one carries a dub. and befides that, cither d*rts, 
 or a bow and arrows, but never both. One of our gen- 
 tlemen on board, made the following remark on the 
 arnia of thefe people, which we ftiall here infert in his 
 ownworrs. " I rouft coolcfii, I have often been led to 
 
 think the fean which Homer rcprefents his heroes aa 
 performing with their fpears, a iitdc too much of the 
 marvellous to be admitted into an heroic poem ■, I mean 
 when confined within the drait days of Ariftotle. Nay, 
 even fo great an advocate (or him aa Mr. Pope, ac- 
 knowledges them to be furprizing. But lincc I have 
 feen what thefe people can do with their wooden fpears, 
 and thofe badly pointed, and not of a very hard nk- 
 ture, I have not the lead exception to any one palHige 
 in that great poet on this account. But if 1 fee fewer 
 exceptions, I can find infinitely more beauties in him 1 
 as he has, I think, fcarcely an aifHon, circumflance, or 
 defcription of any kind whatever, relating to a fpear, 
 which I have not feen and recognifed among thefe 
 people { as the whirling motion, and whidling noife, as 
 the fpears flyi their quivering motion, as they dick in 
 the ground ; the warrion mediatii^ their aim, when thev 
 are going to throw ; and their (baking them intheirhancf, 
 or bnndi(hing them, as they'advancc to the attack, &c." 
 
 As to the religion and government of thefe people^ 
 we are little acquainted with the lad, and to tne fird 
 are utter drangers. Chiefs they feem to have among 
 them ; at lead fome were announced to us u fuch, but 
 they appeared to have very little authority over the 
 red of the people. Old Grcogy was the only one to 
 whom we faw a particular refpcdl paid ; but whether 
 this was owing to his rank or age, we cannot fay. On 
 many occafions we have feen the old men refpedlcd and 
 obeyed. Pkowang was fo, yet we never heard him 
 called chief, nor could we perceive he had any more 
 power than his neighbours, and we may fay the fame 
 of every other perfon in our neighbourhood. 
 
 The Refolution being the fird (hip that ever entered 
 this harbour, Capt. Cook named it Port Refolution. 
 It is fituated on the north fide of the mod cadern point 
 of the ifland, and about E. N. E. from the volcano, in 
 latitude 19 deg. 33 min. 35 fee. and half fouth. and in 
 169 deg. 44 min. 35 fee. cad longitude. It is but a 
 finall creek, running in S. by W. haif W. three quarters 
 of a mile, and isabmit half that in breadth. The depth 
 of water in the harbour is about fix to three fathoms, 
 the bottom fand and mud. The landing place is ex- 
 ceeding convenient for taking in wood and water, both 
 of thelc nece(rary articles-being near the (hore. After 
 the water had been a few days on board it dunk, but 
 turned fwect again t and when at the word the tin ma- 
 chine would, m a few houn, recover a whole ca(k. 
 We now firctched, with a frefh gale, to the eadward, 
 in order to have a nearer view of Erronan. Having 
 paired this ifland at midnight, we tacked, and on Sun- 
 day the aid, deered S. W. intending to get to the 
 fouth of Tanna, and nearer Annatom ; for though the 
 morning was clear, we had made no difcovery of any 
 iflands to the ead. At tvton, in latitude 20 deg. 33 
 min. 30 (ec. Port Refolution bore north, 86 deg. wed, 
 didant about 18 miles: Tanna extended from fouth, 
 88 deg. W. to N. 64 deg. W. Traiton Head north 
 58 deg. W. didant 60 miles; the ifland of Erronan, 
 north, 86 deg. E. didant 1 5 miles ; and Annaiom from 
 S. half E. to S. half W. didant 30 miles. At two 
 o'clock P. M. feeing no more land ahead of us. we 
 bore up round the S. E. end of Tanna, and ran along 
 the fouth coad at one league from (hore. It fecmqd 
 to be a bold one unguarded by rocks, and the country 
 made a fine apjpearance, full as fertile as that in the 
 vicinity of the harbour. At fix o'clock we faw over 
 the wed end of Tanna, in the diredlion of north i# 
 deg. W. the high land of Erromango. We pafTed the 
 iflwid at eight, and (hnied our couife for Sandwich Ifle, 
 in order to conmlete our obfervations on that, and of 
 the ifles ro the N. W. At four o'clock P. M. we ap- 
 proached the S. £. end. We found it to trend in the 
 direAion of W. N. W. In the middle of this range, 
 very near the fhore, we difcovered three or four fmall 
 ifles, behind which appeared a fafe anchorage. We 
 continued our run along the coad to its wcuern ex- 
 tremity and then (leered N. N. W. from the S. £. end 
 ofMallicolIo. 
 
 On the a3d, we came in fightof the iflandi P^-oom, 
 Apee, and Ambrym. The fird of thefe S4>peafed now 
 
 t» 
 
 ' t ir 
 
 '4 
 
 i 
 
 '1 
 
 li,' 11 
 
 
 W 
 
 \\ 
 
172 
 
 Capt. C O O K'l VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ^i^' 
 
 to Ik; two ifland*. Wc continued ourcourfc to within 
 half a Icacue of Mailicollo, on the S. W. iiiie, which 
 wc ranpcdat chat diHancc. The direction of the land, 
 from the S. E. point is W. by S. for about fix league*, 
 and then N. W . by W. for three league*, terminating 
 in a high point or head land, in latitude 16 dc^. 39 
 min. to vinich the name was given of S, W. Cape. 
 The coaft \tt low, indented with creeks, and pro)e<ihng 
 Joints i but, probably, thefc points might be little 
 ides under fliore. One uc know to be fucn, lying be- 
 tween two and three leagues of the cape. A round 
 rock, oriflot, which, by an elbow in the coafl, forms a 
 fine bay, lies clofe to the well* fide, or point of the 
 cane, connected with it by breakers. Wc were agree- 
 ably furprized with the beauty of the farci\s in Maili- 
 collo. from whence mc faw fmokc afccnd in various 
 places, a plain indication of their being inhabited : 
 the circumjacent land appeared very fertile and popu- 
 lous. We obfcrvcd troops of natives on fcveral parts 
 of the Ihorc ; and two canoes put off to m, but as we 
 did not fliortcn fail, they could not overtake the fliip. 
 I'hc moll advanced land from the S. W. cape, bore 
 N. W. by N. at which it fccmcd to terminate. At 
 nnon wc were two miles from the coall, and by obferr- 
 vation wc found pur latitude to be 16 dcg. 22 min. 30 
 JTcc. S. and our never failing watch flicwcd, that we were 
 26 min. W. of it. At this time the S. W. cape bore 
 S. 26 deg. E. and the moil advanced point of land for 
 which we ftccrcd, bore N. W. by N. Wc had run the 
 length of it by three o'clock P. M. and found the land 
 trcniling more and more tq ihc north. Wc reached 
 its utniod extremity after. dark, when wc were near 
 enough the fliorc to hear the voices of the people, who 
 were allemblcd round a lire they had made on the beach. 
 We now hauled round the point, Hood again to the 
 north, and fpent the night in Bougainville's paflage, bc- 
 inj; airored of our fituation before fun-fee 
 
 On Wcdncfday, the a+th, we hau advanced nearly 
 to the middle of the paifagc, and the N. W. end of 
 Mailicollo extended from S. 30 deg. E. toS. 58deg. W. 
 \\'c now fteered N. by E. then north along the eaft 
 coa<\ of the northern land. At UrA thi»coa(t appeared 
 continued, but we found it was compofcd of fcveral 
 low woody iflcs, moA of them of fmall extent, except 
 the fouthermoft, which in honour to the day, wasnamed 
 St. Bartholomew. It is near fevcn leagues in circum. 
 fercnce, and forms the N. E. point w Bougainville's 
 palfage. Wc continued our courfe N. N. W. .ioiig a 
 tine coail covered with woods; in fomc places were 
 white patches which wc judged to be chalk. On the 
 2jth, at day break, we were on the north fide of the 
 ifland, and (leered well along the low land under it, for 
 the blu(T-head ; beyond which, at fun rife, we faw an 
 elevated coaft, ftretching to the north, as far as N. W. 
 by W. Having doubled the head, we perceived the 
 land to trend fouth, a little eallcrty, and to form a 
 large ilecp bay, bounded on the weft by the above 
 mentioned coaft. It was our opinion, and every thing 
 coiifpircd to make us conclude, that this was the bay 
 of St. Philip and St. Jago, dilcovcred by Quiros in 
 1606. In order to determine this point, we ftretched 
 over to the weft ftiorc, from which wc were one league 
 at noun, and in latitude 14 deg. 55 min. 39 fee. S. 
 and in 167 deg. 3 min. E. At hali° paft four o'clock 
 V. M. we were only two miles from the weft iluwe, to 
 which wc had been drove by a N. E. fwell. Here 
 «p law large bodies of the natives cdlcdcd together. 
 Some ventured off in canoes ; but they took fudden 
 fright at lomcthing, nor could all our ngns of fricnd- 
 Ihip induce them to come along-fidc. 1 heir nakcdnefs 
 w a« I uv^i cd with fomc ftag-graTs, faQeoed^o a belt, and 
 which hung down, nearly as low as their knees : this 
 was their only coivering. Their con^iplexion was very 
 d.irk a^\d. -their hair woolly, or cut ^ort. The calm 
 continue^. 44 near eight o'clock, ^nd in (he interval of 
 time, we \t(;rc drove into eighty-fivc; fathom waterj 
 fp tlwt' ije were under- tb? apprchcnfiw! <»f being 
 oblif^cd to anchor on a lee fhore, in a great d^pth, and 
 in a g^ooiuj d^rk night j but contrary (oopr exp^f^ta- 
 tions our tears were removed i for a j^reezc^tpfvng up^ 
 
 at £. S. E. and wken we had hardly room to veer, the 
 thin came about » our fails filled on the ftarboard tack ; 
 and wc rfuch was the kind inicrpofiti«n of an invifibU 
 agent) Itood off N. E. On the a6th, we were about 
 eight miles from the head of the bay, that is termi- 
 nated by a low beach; behind which is an cxtenlive Hat 
 covered with wood, and bounded on each tide by a ridge 
 of mountains. We found our latitude at noon to be 1 c 
 deg. c min. S. and at one o'clock, having a breeze at N. 
 by W, we ftccrcd up to within two milei of the hcitd 
 of the bay. Mr. Cooper wd Mr. Gilbert were fcnt 
 out to found and reconnoitre, while we Rood ofF tnd 
 on wi'hihc ftiip. By this, time and opportunity were 
 afforded for three failing canoci toconte up, which had 
 been following us. They would not come along-fidc. 
 but advanced near enough to receive fuch thmgs as 
 were thrown out to them, faftened to a r«^. ITny 
 appeared to l)c of the fame colour a* the inhabitant* df 
 Mailicollo, , i^t were ftoutcr made and talkr: thiBir 
 beards werefrixtled and their hair WooUv: yet fcveral 
 circumllances concurred to make us think they were of 
 another nation. The numerals, as fiir as fix, they ex- 
 prefTed in the language Anamocha. and called the ad- 
 jacent lands by the fame names. Some had their htk 
 fong, tied upon the crown of the head, and ornamented 
 with feathers like the. New Zcalanders. Others watt 
 a white fticll tied on their foreheads. They woit bracd.- 
 lets on their arms, and a belt round their waifts. Some 
 were painted with a blackith pigment, T^^^X had 
 prongs with them, which looked like inftnimenu to 
 catch fifh, and the only arms we faw among them wert 
 gigs and darts. Their canoes were mcrfl Tike thofc of 
 Tanna, and navigated in much the fame maimer. Thejr 
 gave us the names of fuch parts a» we pointed to ; but 
 the name of the iflaod we could not get from them. Oi> 
 the return of the boats wc were informed by Mr. 
 Cooper and others, that they had landed at the head 
 pf the bay, near a fine ftream of freth water. W« 
 ftccrcd down the bay, being not in want of any things 
 and the w ind kaving thifted to S. S. E. Throughout the 
 fore part of the ni^t, on the weft fide of the more, the 
 country was illupunatcd with firca, from the fea (hore 
 to.,th<) fummit of the Qiounuitii. ■ On Saturday the 
 37th, at dayi-break, we found ourtelves two thirds 
 dawn the bay, and at noon wc were the length of the 
 N. W. point, which bore N. 83. deg. W. diftant Ave 
 miles |. and by obfervation our latitude was 14 deg. 39 
 min. ,30 fee. . Some of our gentlemen were doubtful of 
 this being the bay of Sc. Philip and St, Jago, becaufe no 
 place anlwercd (o the pon of^ Vera Cruz : but the cap- 
 tain gave very good realbns for a contrary opinion. A 
 port . is a very vague term, like many others in geo- 
 graphy ; and what Quiro* calls the port of Vera Cnu^ 
 might be the whole haven or harbour, or the anchorage 
 at^c head of the bay, which in fomc place* may ex.> 
 tend farther off than where our boats landed. The 
 river was probably one of thofe mentioned by Quiros* 
 and, if we were not deceived, we faw the other. 
 
 The bay is every where free from danger, and of an 
 unfathomable depth, except near the thores, which are 
 for the moft part low. It hath fixty miies fea coaft ; 
 eighteen on uic eaft fide, which lies in the dircdlion of 
 S. half W. and N. half E, fix at the head ; and thirty- 
 fix on the weft fide, the diredion of which is S. by E. 
 and N. by W. from the head down to two thirds of itf 
 length, and then N. W. by N. to the N. W. point, 
 ■The two poinu which form the entrance of the bay, 
 arc in the direction of S. 53 deg. E. and N. 53 deg. 
 W. diflant from each other thirty miles. The bay, as 
 well as the flat land at the head of it, is bounded by a 
 ridge of hills : one to the weft is very high, and ex- 
 tends the whole length of the ifland. Upon this ap-r 
 ucarcd a luxuriant vcgeution wherever the eye turned. 
 Kioh plantations adorned the fides of the hills, foreft* 
 : narcl their towered heads; and every vajley was wa- 
 teiei with a running ftream » but of all the produc- 
 itiqns of nature the cocoa-nut trees were the mgft con-' 
 ;fpicuws. Capt. CooK named the eaft point of the 
 'bay C^pe Quiros, in memory of it* firft difcovercr. It 
 
 His ip lat. i4cleg. 56 rain. S. mUfki^l deg. 13 min. E. 
 longi- 
 
^E-^fur making Di/etveriet in the South Seat 2c Round the IVorid. 1 7 3 
 
 longitude. The N. W. point he nanwd Cipe Cum- 
 berUnd, in honour of his royal highndb the duke. This 
 lici in latitude of t4deg. 38 min. 45 fee. S. "nd "i 
 longitude 166 dcg. 40 min. 30 fee. E. It ii the N. W. 
 extremity of this Archipelago. On the 3 »th, and 29th, 
 we toolc every opportunity, when the horizon wa» clear, 
 to look out for more land, hut none was feen : it is pro- 
 bable that there is none nearer than Queen Charlotte's 
 Ifland, difcovcred by Capt. Carteret, about 90 leagues 
 N. N. W. from Cape Cumberland, and the Captam 
 thought this to be the fame with Quiros's Santa Cruz. 
 On Tucfday the 30th, we plyed up the eoall with a 
 frefh breeze. 
 
 On Wcdncfday the 31ft, we weathered the S. W. 
 point of the idand. The coaft which trends eaft, 
 northerly, is low, and feemcd to form fome creeks or 
 coves I and as we sot farther in:o the palTage, we per- 
 ceived feme fmall low ifles lying along it, which fccmrd 
 to extend behind St. Bartholomew Ifland. Having 
 now explored the whole Archipelago, the fcafon of the 
 year made it neccflary to return to the fouth; but we 
 had yet romc t<mc left to make obfcrvations on any land 
 we might difcover between this and New Zealand > at 
 which m\ place the Captain intended to touch, in order 
 to recruit our ftock of wood and water for another 
 fouthcrn courfe. To this end, at five o'clock P. M. we 
 tacked, and hauled to the fouthward, with a frcfli gale 
 at S. E. At this time the S. W. point of the ifland 
 Ticrradel Efpirltu Santo, the only remains of Quiros's 
 continent, bore north 82 deg. W. which Capt. Cook 
 nanKd Cape Lifl^urne. It lies in latitude 15 dig. 40 
 min. and in 16 j dcg. 59 min. eaU longitude. It may 
 perhaps be plcafing to our readers to give a funmiary 
 and more accurate view of the iflands in this Archi- 
 pelago, as the foregoing account, being given journal- 
 « ifc, may not be thought perfpicuous, or plain enough, 
 either as to lituation or dclcription. 
 
 The iflands which compofc this Archipelago are not 
 eafily numbered. Wc counted upwards of leventy in 
 fight at one time; and they feem to be inhabited by 
 people of very diirtrciit natures and complexions. 
 Some wc faw were woolly headed, and of the African 
 race; others were of a copper colour, not unlike the 
 New Zcalandcrt ; fome were of the mulatto colour, and 
 not a few like the natives of Rotterdam, of a brownilh 
 black, with long hair and (horn beards. The high 
 notions, however, that were entertained of the vaft 
 riches of thcfc iflands, of their abounding in pearls, 
 filver ore, and precious (tones, do not feem well founded, 
 neither docs the illand of Manicola anfwer by any 
 means, the pompous defcription given of it by the 
 Spanifli writers, who found their report on the relation 
 of an Indian chief, and on that of a captive, whom 
 Quiros feizcd, and carried to Mexico. From the 
 former Quiros learned, that to the N. W. of his country 
 (Taumaco) there were more than 60 iflands, and a large 
 country, which he called Manicola; that, to explain 
 which were fmall, he made circles, and pointed to the 
 fca with his finger, and made figns that it furrounded 
 the land ;' and for the larger he made greater circles, and 
 the fanrie figns j and for that large country he opened 
 both his arms, without joining them again, thereby in- 
 timating, that it extended without end ; and by ligns 
 he (hewed which people were whites, negroes, Indians, 
 and mulattoes. and which were mixed ; that in fome 
 iflands they eat human fle(h ; and for this he made figns 
 by biting his arm, (hewing clearly thereby his abhor- 
 rence ofTuch people. He alfo gave them to underftand, 
 mt in the great country, there were cows or buflaloes. 
 From the cajitive Quiros learnt, that in fome of thofc 
 iflands. there were pearls as large as fmall pebbles , that 
 the pelFIs were white and (hining; and that when 
 they looked at them againft the fun„the (hining luftre 
 dazzled their eyes; that, at Ave days of their 
 failing from a country which he named, lay that great 
 ^""'"'y Manicola inhabited by many people, dun- 
 aoloured, and mulattoes, who lived in large towns ; that 
 th» country was high and mounuinous, with many 
 laigjrivcrs ; that he. with many when, had gone to 11 
 
 {none of their embarkations, in queft of the trunk of « 
 great tree, of the many that arc in it, to nuke a parla- 
 gua I and that he (aw there a port larger, and the 
 entrance narrower, than that of^ Sr. Philip and St. 
 Jago, and that the bottom was fand, and the Ihore 
 (hingic: be added, that the inhabitant:, had warlike 
 inflrunients pointed with lilver. This captive, after he 
 had learnt the Spanifli tongue, conHrmccl what he had 
 faid of the Great Country, and what the chief had faid 
 of the many iflands, and of the ditfcrent nations with 
 which they were peopled ; fome lufty, having their 
 bodies pundtuatedi others not fo, of various colouis. 
 long hair, red, black, curled and woolly. And being 
 (hewn fome (tones impregnated with filver, he faid, in 
 the great country he had feen fuch kind of ftones, and 
 likcwifc at fuamaco, where the natives ufed fome to 
 punduate themfelves, and others for ornament. From 
 thefc intimations, feveral Navig<itors have inferred, that 
 it Quiros had (tood to the fouin ward, that courfe would 
 have undoubtedly difcovered to him the great Southern 
 Continent, or as Quiros emphatically cxprcires it, " the 
 mother of fo many iflands." Yet after all, this Voyage 
 has fliewn all thefc queftionlefs aihrmations, and pro- 
 bable conjeiflurej, ;o be no other than mere alTumptions 
 founded on a (alfe hypothefis. The courfe which 
 Tafman purfued in 1722, joined to that of Capt. 
 Cook's, has demonltrated the non-cxiflencc of a 
 Southern Continent, in the dircdion in which Mr. 
 Dalrymple fo pofitively alferts Quiros ^might have 
 f und it; and indeed every other dircdtioftsjrom t.ic 
 line to 50 deg. of fouthcrn latitude, between which he 
 has given it a place. 
 
 The iflands of this Archipelago towards the north, 
 were firft difcovered by that able navigator Quiros, a 
 Spiinifti captain, in 1606, and was coniidcred as part 
 of the Southern Continent, which, at that time, was 
 fuppofcd to exift. They were next vifitcd* (for the 
 French arc very ready to reap the fruits of other peo- 
 ples labours) by M. dc Bougainville in 1768, who ex- 
 cept landing on the ifleof Lepers, difcovered nomore 
 than that the land was not conncded, but com^ 
 
 Enfcd of iflands, vn hich he called the Great Cycladcs. 
 ut our great navigator, and experienced commander^ 
 Capt. Cook, left no room for conjedure, rcfpeding the 
 great ohjects he had in view ; for befidcs afcertaining 
 the extent and (ituation of thefc iflands, he has added 
 to them fcvcral new ones ; and having explored the 
 whole with mathematical prccifion, we think he had a 
 right to name them, as he did, the New Hebrides ; by 
 which name we flmll in the remaining parts of our 
 narrative didinguilh them. Their fituation is between 
 the latitude of 14 deg. 29 min. and 20 deg. 4 min. S. 
 and between 166 deg. 41 min. and 170 deg. 21 min. E. 
 longitude, extending 125 leagues, or 37( miles, in the 
 dircdionofN. N. W. half W^ andS. S. E. half E. We 
 (hall defcribe them for the fake of perfpicuity in the 
 following numerical order: 
 
 I. The Peak of the Etoile, as it was named by M. 
 dc Bougainville. This is the molt northern ifle, and, 
 according to his reckoning, lies N. by W. eight leagues 
 from Aurora, in latitude 14 deg. 29 min. longitude 
 1 68 dcg. 9 min. 
 
 II. Tierra delEfpiritu Santo, which lies farthed north, 
 and was difcovcred by Quiros in 1606. This is the 
 mo(t weflern and larged oTall the Hebrides. It lies in 
 the diredion of N. N. W. half W. and S, S. E. halfE. 
 and is 66 miles long, 36 broad, and 1 80 in circum. 
 fercnce. The land is exceeding high and mountain^ 
 ous ; and the hills in many parts rife dircdiy from the 
 fea. Every place, except the cliffs, is beautifully 
 adorned with woods and regular plantations. The bay 
 of St. Philip and St. Jaco, forms an excellent harbour, 
 and we doubt not of there being good bays along the 
 fbuth and cafl coafls of other fmallcr iflands. 
 
 III. Mallicollo is the next confideiiole ifbnd, ex- 
 tending N. W. and S. E. In this direiition it it 54 
 miles long. Its created breadth is at the S. E. which i> 
 24 miles. The N. W. end is 16 miles broad 1 and 
 nearer the middle one third of that breadth. Thefc 
 
 a X unequal 
 
 
 m 
 
 11 
 
•ft. 
 
 uneqtmt incafurcmcnti, particularly iMsr fh* CCMre, aM 
 caiilcil by a wiilc and pretty deep buy, o» the S. W. 
 lidr. It uc iiiiiy tiirni a iiidgnivnt ol the whole of this 
 ifland fnini what uu law of it, wc mull cotKludc it is 
 very fertile arul jxipulous. The hills arc in the cenccr 
 of the iiland, from which 'he land dcfccndt, with ai> 
 eafv (lope to thtr fca coall, w here it is rather low. 
 
 IV. St. Bartholomew, Ikuated bctwn n the S. E. end 
 of iiorra del F.fpiiitu Santo, and the north end of Mal- 
 lirollo I the diltancc bctMcen which latter iiland and 
 St. Bartholomew is eight miles. The middle o( it 
 is in latitude t c de^. 4S min. Between this iiland and 
 that of Mallicotlo, is the piilHigc through which M. dc 
 Bougainville went ; whole dclcripttons have very little 
 pretcnfions to accuracy, 
 
 V. The Ide of L.cpcrs is fituated between Efpiritu 
 Santo and Aurora, being dillant from the former eight 
 leagues, and from the latter thrco. It lies nearly under 
 the lame meridian as the S. b. em) ofMallicoUo, in 
 fatitudc 15 deg. 22 nun. Its figure approaches iKarcIl 
 to an oval; and it i» near 60 miles in circumference. 
 \Vc determined its boinklsbv feveral bearings; but the 
 lines of the fliorc were tracea out by infpedtion, except 
 the N. E. part, where there is an anchorage half a mile 
 from the land. We muft here obfervc, that, Aurora, 
 VVhitfuirtidc, Ambrym, Paoom, and its neighbours 
 Apec, Three-hills, and Sandwich Illands, lie all under 
 the fame meridian of 167 deg. 29 inin. E. extending 
 from the latitude of 1 4 dcg. 5 1 min. 30 fee, to 1 7 deg. 
 y} min. ;jofec. 
 
 VI. .\urora Iiland lies N. by W. and S. by E. in 
 which direolion it is j 3 miles in length ; but in breadth, 
 we think, it fcarccly exceeds fcven miles, except where 
 the natives have their plantations, its furfacc is hilly, 
 and every where covered with wooii. 
 
 VII. Whitfuntide Iiland, one league and a half to 
 the fouth of Aurora, of which it is the fame length, 
 but fomcwhat broader; and lies in the diredion of 
 north and fouth. Except fuch parts that fecmcd to be 
 cultivated, and which arc pretty numerous, it appeared 
 conliderably high, and covered with wood. 
 
 VIII. Ambrym, from the north lidc to the fouth end 
 of Whitfuntide Ifland, is two leagues and an half. In 
 ciiciimfcrencc this ifland is about 17 leagues. The 
 ihorc is rather low, and the land rifes with an unequal 
 afccnt to a high mountain. Wc judged it to be well 
 inhabited from the quantity of fniokc which we pcr- 
 reivcd to afccnd out of the woods, in fuch parts of the 
 ifluid as paired under ourobfcrvation; for the whole of 
 it "c did not fee. 
 
 IX. Paoom, of this aixl its neighbourhood wefaw but 
 little, and therefore can only fay of this ifland, that it 
 (oars up to a great height in the form of a hay-cock. 
 I hf extent of this and the adjoining iflc (if they are two) 
 Jii not exceed three or four Icngucs, in any dircc- 
 lion i tor the diftanc9 between Ambrym and Apec is 
 ftaaely live leagues, and they are lituatcd in this fpace, 
 and cad from Port Sandwich, didant about eight 
 leagues. 
 
 X. Apec. The dircdion of this ifland is about 
 24 miles N. W. and S. E. and it is not Icfs than 60 
 miles in circumference. It has a hilly furface, rifing to 
 « conlidcrabic height, and is diverfificd with woods 
 and la« ns : we fpeak here only of the weft and fouth 
 parts, for the others wc did not fee. 
 
 XI. Shepherd's Ifles, which are a duller of fmall 
 ones, of dirtercnt dimenfions, in the diredlion of S. E. 
 and extending oft' from the S. E. point of Apce, about 
 five leagues. 
 
 XII. Three-hills. This ifland lies four leagues fouth 
 from the coall of Apce, and is diftant 17 leagues, S. 
 li. half S. from Port Sandwich. A reef of rocks, on 
 which the fea continually bLats, lies W. by N. five miles 
 from the weft point. 
 
 XIII. Sandwich Ifland is fituated nine leagues, in 
 the diredUon of fouth from Three-hills. To the eaft 
 and well of which line arc, 
 
 XIV. Two-hills Ifland. 
 
 XV. The Monument. 
 
 which 
 
 XtI. MoilMHt IntHdli 
 
 XVII. ri tiwlii l wrt M ifc' V ■ 
 
 XVIII. TWO orfcw* f:t»« ilkt^ , 
 
 Hinchinbrook and Sandwich Ifland, to which thcyari 
 connci'led by breakert. Sandwich Illond it 7J miles 
 in circumference, and its greatcft extent ii 30 miles* 
 It r.es in the dircdion of N. W. by W. and S. E. by K. 
 We viewed the N. W. coall of this ifland only at a dif- 
 tance. Fmm the fouth end of Mallicollo, to the N. W. 
 end of S,-indw ich Iflc, the dillancc, in the direction of 
 S. S. E. i» 32 league*. 
 
 XIX. Erramang!i> lies in the fame diredlioni and it 
 fltuated 1 8 leagues from Sandwich Ifland. It is about 
 75 miles in circumference. The middle of it is in la- 
 titude 18 dcg. 54 mm. longitude 169 deg. 19 min. E. 
 From the dillance wc were off when wc hrft faw it, it 
 apr«ared of a good height. 
 
 XX. Tanna. This iiland is fituated fix leagues from 
 the fouth fide of Erromango, extending S. E. oy S, and 
 N. W. by N, It is aoout 24 miles long in that direc- 
 tion, and every where about nine or twelve milca 
 broad. 
 
 XXI. Annatom. This is the fouthcrnmoft iflandi 
 and lies in latitude 20 deg. 3 min. longitude 170 dcg. 
 4 min. and 1 2 leagues from Port Kefolution, fouth 30 
 dcg. E. Its furtace is hilly, and of a tolerable height » 
 more V.C cannot fay of it. 
 
 XXII. Iinmcr, which is in the dircdlion of N. by 
 E. halfE. four leagues from Port Kefolution in Tanna; . 
 and, 
 
 XXIII. Erronan.orFootoona.cafl, lies in the fame 
 direction, diftant 1 1 leagues. This ifland is the moft 
 (■allern of all the Hebrides, and appeared to be more 
 than live leagues in circumference. It is high, and on 
 the toj) rtat. A fmall peak, fecmingly disjoined froiTV 
 the iflc, though we thought it was connci^tcd by low 
 land, lies on the N. E. fide. This is an accurate def- 
 cription of the principal illands in the Archipelago, 
 to which our commander gave the name of the 
 Hebrides; but, as wc have before obfervcd, there arc 
 many others of lelTcr note, of which wc had only a 
 tranlient view, and therefore cannot pretend todef- 
 cfibc. 
 
 To this account, in order to render it complete, we 
 fliall annex the lunar obfervations, made by our aftro- 
 nomcr, Mr. Wales, for afcertaining the longitude of 
 thcfc iflands, concerning which Capt. Cook obfcrves, 
 " That each fet of obfervations confifting of between fix 
 and ten obfcrved diftanccs of the fun and moon, ormooit 
 and rtars,the wholenumberamounts to feveral hundreds » 
 and thcfe, by means of the watch, have been reduced to 
 alt the iflands; fo ch.it the longitude of each is as well 
 determined as that of the two ports undermentioned, 
 namely. Sandwich and Kefolution. To prove this we 
 need only obfervc, that the longitude of the two ports, 
 as pointed out by the watch and by the obfervations, did 
 not diflxrr two miles. This fticws likewifc, what degree 
 of accuracy thcfc obfervations are capable of, when mul- 
 tiplied to a confiderable number, made with different 
 inftruments, and with the fun and ftars, or both fides 
 of the moon. By this laft method, the errors which mav 
 be either in the inftruments or lunar tables, deftroy each 
 other, as alfo thofe that may arifc from the obfervt* 
 himfelf ; for fome are more critical, and cloferobfervers 
 than others. If we confidcr the number of obferva- 
 tions that may be obtained in the courfe of a month, 
 (fiippofing the weather to be favourable) we fliall per- 
 haps find this method of afcertaining the longitude <rf 
 places asaccurate as moft others ; at leaft it is the raoft 
 cafy, and attended with the leaft expcnce. F.vcry fiiip 
 bound to foreign parts is. or may be, fuppljcd upon 
 cafy terms, with a fufficient number of good quadrants, 
 proper for making the folar or lunar obfervations ; and 
 the difference of the price between a good and bad 
 quadrant, can never be an objea with an officer. The 
 moft expenfive article, and what is in fome meafure 
 neceffary, in order to arrive at the utmoft accuracy, 
 is a good watch ; but for common ufe, and where that 
 flridt accuracy is not required, this may be difpenfed 
 
 withi 
 
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COOK'i SECOND V<iV AGIi— for making Dijiwtriet \t\ the Soutt 
 
 *75 
 
 with I uml it n to lie ohferwl, th«t ih« onlliMry wuv 
 ofHnding thelonnitudcby a quadmnt, ii not fodir- 
 ficult but that any m.^n with pr«)pcr appUcatioii, and a 
 little prai^icc, may fo«n learn to make obfervationi at 
 well ai the aftronomeri. Indeed, not any material dif- 
 ference ha* feldoin occurred, between the oblcrvation* 
 made by Mr. Walea, and thofc made by tht ofticori at 
 the fame time. 
 
 Lunar Obfcrvationi made by Mr. WALES, 
 
 For afcertaining the longitude of the Hebrides, 
 reduced by the watch to Fort ^)•ndwich in Mallicoilo, 
 and Port Rcfolution in Tanm 
 
 L POHT SANDWICH. 
 
 Mtanof lofet^ofobferv.belbre i67» $f>' 3.1" | 
 i ditto, at 168 a 37 V 
 
 ao dittos 167 5a $7 
 
 M:an ofthcfe meani 167 57 23 |E.Li>iig. 
 
 IL PORT RESOLUTION. 
 
 Meanof aofetiofobrerv. before 169' 37' 35" 
 5 ditto, at 169 4> 48 
 
 ao ditto, after 
 
 Mean of thefe nteaiu 
 
 169 47 aa; 
 "69 4+ 3S 
 
 »"<«aai 
 
 >-M»':«i 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 VfW OtteJoxi* iijcavrred — Ificidtnts — TJr nnmry ifferihfi — An accmtnt of Ibt cuflmt, mmmeti, m4 arts ef ibf nalivfl 
 — Olfjervaiions m tbt eoitjl and/ome lew iJlanJs — R/markable iitcifUms whilf exploring lbe/e—7'be Ref»lulieH it ttliffd le 
 itpart fmn New Caledonij — This, in Qtpt. Ook's opinim, it the largeft ijknd in the ^mth Pacific Ocean, except S,-cv 
 Zealand — Remarks upon it — Cmtinues her voyage to New Zealand — Okfervalions refpelltng the di/cwery (/Norfolk 
 JJlaiid — Sbt! arrivtt at H^ueen Charlotte's Sound— An account of incidents while the pip lay there. 
 
 ON September the ill, being Thurfday, we wrre 
 out of tight of land, and no more wa.i to be fccn. 
 We continued our courfe to the S. W. and on the 3d 
 at five o'clock, fotind ourfelvei in 19 dcg. 49 niir and 
 in 165 deg. E. longitude. On the 4th, at eight or 'Kk 
 A. M. wedifcovcrcdland, which at noon extended loin 
 S. S E. to W, by S. diftant Six leagues. At five F, M. 
 wc were (Ix leagues oft", »»hen we were flopped by a calm. 
 At thia time the land extended from S. h. by S to W. 
 by N. round by the S. W. but as fomc openings wne 
 fccn in the weft, we could not determine whether it was 
 one conncdled land, or a clufter of I (lands. The road 
 to the S. E. feemcd to terminate to the S. E. in a high 
 promontory, which waa named Cape Colnet, after one 
 of our midlhlpmen, who firfl dilcovcrcd this land. 
 Wc faw two or three canoes under fail, and wc thought 
 thev had come off" to us, but thev ftruck their faiU a 
 little before fun fet, and wc faw them no more. On 
 the 5th, wcobferved the coal extended to the S. E. of 
 Cape Colnett. and round by the S. W. to N. W. by 
 W. Wc bore down to N. W. and came before an 
 opening, that had the appearance of a good channel. 
 we dcfired to enter it, in order to have an opportunity 
 of obferving an cclipfc of the fun, which was foon to 
 happen. Wc therefore fcnt out two armed boats to 
 round the channel ; and at the fame time we faw i a 
 laisc failing canoes near us. All the morning we had 
 obicrved them in motion, and coming off" from dif- 
 fcrent parts j but fomc were lying on the reef, fifliing as 
 we imagined. When we hoifted out our boats tncy 
 were pretty near us; but upon feeing this, t'-'-v return- 
 ed, and our boats followed them. Wc now - , '■ con- 
 vinced, that what wc had taken for openii ^ in the 
 coaft was low land, all conncded, except the wcftern 
 extremity, which, as wc afterwards learnt, was an 
 lOand, called Balabca. The boats havin 7 made a flg- 
 nal for a channel, wc flood in witls j/e (hip. The 
 commanding officer of the bo»u - .>rted, that there 
 was good anchorage, and that iho natives were very 
 civil and obliging. He gave them fomc medals, and 
 in return, they prcfente^ him with fomc fifh. Having 
 aot within the reef, wc hauled up S. half E. forafmafl 
 low fandy ifle, lying under the (hore, being foUowcd by 
 all the canoes. We proceeded up the b.iy more than 
 two mUen, and at length anchored in five fathoms 
 water, the bottom a fine fand mixed with mud, and wc 
 were well (heltered from the wind and fca. At thia 
 time the low bady ifle bore E. by S. diftant three 
 quarters of a mile, and from the Ihorc of the main we 
 were one niile. The ifland of Balabca bote N. W. by 
 JN. and the channel through which wccame north, 
 diftant four miles. A great number of the natives fur- 
 
 rounded us before we had well got to anchor, in 16 or 
 1 8 can«vs, without any fort of weapons, and we pre- 
 vailed upon nebont to come near enough to receive 
 fomc nrcfenf In return, they tied two filh to the 
 rope, tnat flu k intolerably. An intercourfe being thua 
 opened by mutual exchanges, two of the natives ven-' 
 tured cii board the fliip, and prefcntly after Ihr was 
 6lled <' 'hthcm. Some dined with us, but they would 
 not cai our fait beef, po''k, or peafe foup: we happened 
 to \ 'c fomc y? ■ s left >ich they were very fond of. 
 Thcfc they call j Oi)bee, a name not unlike Oofce by 
 which they nrc •- lied at moft of the illands, except 
 Malllcollui .v:rthelrfs we found thefe people fpoke 
 a langiiige 10 which wc ere entire ftrangers. They 
 W' .1.. i' ite naked, exccp . ^ belt and wrapper, which 
 t irvui (^ as the inhabitannot the other iflands. They 
 l.ia no knowledge of our dogs, cats, .nd goats, &c. not 
 having even a name for them; bu' ' cwcd a re- 
 
 markable attachment to pieces of red .loth and fpikc 
 nails After dinner-time, a party of us went alhorc 
 with two armed boats, and landed amid (I a great num- 
 ber of people, who were induced by curiofitv alone to 
 fe .'s, for they had not fo much as a ftick in their 
 hands, .ind received us with great courtefy. I'hey ex- 
 prclfed a natural furprizc at feeing nwn and things fo 
 new to them as we were. Prcfents were made to fuch, 
 as a man, who had attached hiiiifelf to Capt. Cook, 
 pointed out t but he would not f\sffcr the captain to 
 givQ the women, who ftood behind, any brads or mck 
 dais. We faw a chief whofe name wai Teabooma, wIk> 
 called for filence foon after wc landed. Every pcrfon 
 inftantly obeyed him. and liftened with extraordinary 
 attention. When he had fini(hcd his harangue, ano- 
 ther fpoke, who was no Icfs rcfpe^fully attended to. 
 Their fpecchrs were compofed of ihort fentenccs. We 
 thought ourfclves to be the fubjed of them, though we 
 could not underfhind them. Having by figns enquired 
 for frcfti water, fomc pointed to the caft, others to the 
 weft; but our friend undertook to conduA us to it, and 
 for that purpofc embarked with us. The ground we 
 pafled was beautifully cultivated, laid out in feveral 
 plantations, and well watered. Wc rowed near two 
 miles to the caft, where we obferved the (hore to b& 
 moftly covered with mangroves. We entered among 
 thefe by a narrow creek or river, which brought us to 
 a little ftraggling village where we were (hewn frcih 
 water. Near this fpot the land was richly adorned with 
 
 f>lantations of fugar-canes, yams, &C. and watered with 
 ittfe rills, conduced by art from the ma * ' ^nga, 
 whofe fourcc was in the hills. Wc faw fever ».oa- 
 nut trees which had not much fruit on them, aiiu heard 
 the crowing of cocks, but faw none. Some roots were 
 
 baking 
 
 m 
 
 I ■it ■ 
 
 t: . ii, I 
 
 
 !^ 
 
 !• / 
 
 -I J 
 
 
 
bakiitc on a fire, in an eanhcn.jar, which would hold 
 fix gallons, and we did not doubt, but that this was of 
 their own manufadure. Mr. Forfter Ihot a duck as it 
 flew over our heads, and explained to the captain's 
 friend how it was killed. He defircd ^o have the duck, 
 knd informed his country-men in what manner it was 
 Ihot. The tide not permitting us to Oay longer in the 
 creek, wc took leave of thcfe amicable people, from 
 whom we had nothing to expedl but good nature, and 
 the privilege of vifitinc their country without molcfta- 
 tion, as it was cafy to lee thcfc were all they cotild be- 
 llow. Though this did not fatisfy our demands, it 
 gave us much cafe and fatisfadion, for they certainly 
 rccellcd all the natives wc had hitherto met with in 
 friendly civility, 
 
 On'Iucfday, the 6th, in the morning, hundreds of 
 the natives came to vilii us: fome ("warn, and others 
 came in canoes. Hefore ten o'clock our decks, and other 
 parts of the (hip, were quite full of them. The cap- 
 tain's friend brought fome fruit and a few roots : the 
 reft had with them only their clubs and darts, wliith 
 they exchanged readily for nails, piccw of cloth, and 
 <other trifling articles. Texaboonu came with them, but 
 went cut of the Ihip imperceptibly, and by that jucans 
 loft the prefent that was intended for him. After brcak- 
 faft lieutenant Pickcrfgill was fent with two armed boats 
 in fearch after -frefli water, for what was found the pre- 
 ceding day could not conveniently be got on hoard. 
 Mr. Wales alfo, and lieutenant Gierke, wont to the 
 little ifland, to make preparations for obferving the 
 cclipfe of the fun, which was cxpeclcd to be in the af- 
 ternoon. Mr. Pickerfgill having fucc ceded, fiHjn re- 
 turned. The launch was therefore ordered out to coni- 
 pleteour water, and thecaptain repaired to the iOe, to 
 alTift in the obfervation. The cclipCe came on about 
 one o'clock P. M. Wc loft the firft contact by inter- 
 vening clouds, but were more fortuna'.c in the cnJ ; 
 and by obfervations taken with dificrcnc inllruinenis, 
 by Capt. Cook, Mr. Wale>, and Mr. CIcrke. the lati- 
 tude of the ifle, at the place of obfervation, was found 
 to be 20 deg. 17 min. 39 fee. S. 'I'he longitude by the 
 diftance of the fun and moon, and moon and ftars, 
 48 fets, 164 deg, 41 min. 21 fee. E. I'he fame by 
 the watch 163 deg. 58 min. Mr. Wales meafured the 
 quantity edipfed by Hadley's quadrant, a method ne- 
 ver before thought of. Thecaptain was of opinion, 
 that it anfwcrs the purpofc of a micrometer to a great 
 degree of certainty : if fo, it is a great addition to the 
 ufe of this valuable inftrument. In the evening we vi- 
 fited the watering place, which was a fine ftrcam, at 
 the head of a fmall creek. The calks were conveyed 
 by a fmall boat down the creek to the beach, over which | 
 they were rolled, and then put into the launch. The 
 boat could enter the creek only at high water. Near 
 this watering place was plenty of excellent uood for 
 fuel, an article we did not at prefent want. In the 
 evening of this day, about feven o'clock, died Simon 
 Monk, our butcher. His death was occalioned by a 
 fall down the fore hatchway, the preceding night. We 
 could not but lament "the lots of fo ufeful a hand, ef- 
 pccially as he was well refpcded and much cftcemed 
 on board the (hip. 
 
 On Wednefday, the 7th, wc made a party to take a 
 view of the country. VVhcn we had landed, two of 
 the natives undertook to be our guides. We afcendcd 
 the hills by a pretty good path ; and in the way met fe- 
 veral people, who accompanied us, fo that in a fliort 
 time our train became numerous. From the fummit 
 of one of the hills wc faw the fea in two places, v hereby 
 we could detcnninc the breadth of this country, » hicn 
 docs not exceed thirty miles. A large valley lay be- 
 tween the ridge wc were lipon, and the advanced hills, 
 through which glided a terpentine river, and on the 
 fides of the hills were feveraf ftracgling villages. The 
 valley appeared rather romantic, by the villages, inter. 
 fpcrfcd with woods, winding llreams, and beautiful 
 planationg, which much improved the fcenc. The 
 other parts of the ifland were moftly rocky and barren. 
 The uttle foil that is upon the mountains and high 
 places is burnt up by the fun ; yet it ,is coated with 
 8 
 
 coarfe grafs and plants, and here and there trees- a.n(l 
 ftuubt. There is a great limilitudc between this ifftun- 
 try and New Holland, under the fame parallel qthti- 
 tude, obvious to every one who had feen both places. 
 Wc returned by a different road to that wc came jiy .^nd 
 palled through fome of the planutions in the plains, 
 which were laid out with great judgment, and appeafeU 
 to be well cultivated. All the nations in thcfc law «- 
 emit their land by letting it lay in fallow, but th^fcem 
 not to have any idea of manuring it, except ^i^sing 
 fire to the grafs with which it u ovcr-nin. mving 
 fmiflicd our excurfion by noon, we returned oni^pArd 
 to dinner, with one of our guides with us, whofei^tcnr 
 tion and fidelity were rewarded ut a very- trifl|ng|ex. 
 pence. In the afternoon, the captain's clerk,. being 
 aftiore, purchafed a filh which one of the natiurt had 
 ftmck. It had a Urge, long, ugly head, and bort fome 
 refcmblance to the fun filh. It was ordered for/ 
 as wc had no fufpicion of its being poifonous. |t, 
 dcntially, the time the draughtfman took uptf 
 traying this filh, made it too late for us to have itf 
 but the captain, and the two McfTrs. Forfters 6 
 the liver and row ; and in the middle of the ni|M 
 found themfclvcs feized with a weakneli and^ 
 which affeded their whole frame. The captaiji 
 mort loft his fenfe of feeling, -not being able td 
 guilli between light and heavy bodies ; a quart ( 
 feather feemcd the fame in his hand. An emci , 
 after that afweat, were taken by thefegcntlcmenjiihich 
 proved an efficacious remedy. When they rofe l^ the 
 morning, they found one of the pigs dead, who had 
 eaten the entrails ; and when the natives c.infc on 
 board, and faw the fifli hang up, they cxprejrcd their 
 abhorrence, fignifving it was not wholefome icod. 
 It is a little remarkable they did not do this whetwiic 
 filh was to be fold, nor after it was purchafed. c3n the 
 8th in the afternoon, Teabooim, the chief, brought a 
 prefent to the captain, coiififting of a few yams, anc} 
 fugar canes. In return for which, among other arti- 
 cles, a dog and bitch was fent him, nearly full grown. 
 The dog was red and white, but the bitch was the co- 
 IcMr of an Englilh fox. This was done with the view 
 of flocking the country with this fpecies of animals. 
 It was fome time before Teabooma could believe the 
 prefent was intended for him ; but when he was con- 
 vinced of this, he lent them immediately away, and 
 fcemed loll in exctfs of Joy. On the 9th, lieutenanc 
 Pickerfgill and Mr. Gilbert were dilpatchcd in the 
 launch and cutter to explore the coaft to the well, 
 which could not be fo well cfTedlcd by the fliip, on 
 account of the reefs. A party of men was alfo fent 
 aftiore to cut brooms ; but Capt. Cook and Meflrs. 
 Forfters were confined aboard, though much better. 
 On the I oth, Mr. Forfter was fo well recovered as to 
 go into the country in fearch of plants. On Sunday, 
 the nth, in thcjevening, the boats returned, and we 
 were informed by the commanding officers, that hav» 
 ing reached an elevation the morning they had fet out, 
 they had from thence a view of {he coall j and both 
 Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Pickerfgill were of opinion, that 
 there was no paflagc for the (hip to the weft. From 
 this place, accompanied by two of the natives, they 
 went to Balabed. They were received by Teabi, the 
 chief of the ifland, ana the people w ho came in great 
 numbers to fee them, with ftrong intinutions of friend- 
 fliip. Our people, that they might not be crowded, 
 drew a line between them and the natives, whouadcr- 
 ftood and complied with the rcftric'lion. One of thcfc 
 had a few cocoa-nuts, which a failor would have bought, 
 but the man being unwilling to part with them, walked 
 off, and, being lollowed by the failor, he fat down on 
 the fand, made a circle round him, as he had fccn our 
 people do, and fignified that the other was not to 
 come within it, and the injundion was ftridly ob- 
 ferved. This excurfion to Balabca was rather a fruit- 
 lefs one; for they did not reach the ifle till near fun- 
 fet, and left It again before fun-rifc, the next morning ; 
 and the two following days were fpent in getting up 
 to the (hip. In going down to the iOe, they faw a 
 great numbw of tuiUci, but could not (Irikc any. jche 
 ■ wind 
 
COOK'S SECOND VO YAOE-kfor mMngDt/coVeries irt the SdUtiSeas & Round the frar/J, i jj 
 
 wind and fca being rather tempeftubuj. The cutter 
 fprung a leak, and fuddenly filled with water, fo that 
 tney were obliged to throw fcveral things over bbard, 
 to prevent her being loft, and by lightening her, to flop 
 the leak. From a fUhing canoe they njet, they got as 
 much (ilh as they could eat. , , 
 
 On Monday, the i ath; early iii the morning, the 
 carpenter was ordered to repair the cutter. The cap- 
 tain being dcfirout of ftockirig this country with hi^s 
 as well as dogs, the fontier being more ufcful of the 
 two, he took with them in the boat a yoiing bt»r and 
 fow, and went up the mangrove creek in fearch of his 
 friend, the chief, in order to give them to him. We 
 were informed by the natives, that he lived at foinc di- 
 ftance, but they would fend for him: but he not 
 cpming ii foon as we expedled, Capt. Cook refolved to 
 give them to the firft man of confcquence he might 
 meet with. In confcquence of this determination, tney 
 were offered to a grave old nnan, who (hook his head, 
 and made figns for us to take them into the boat again. 
 On our refufing to comply, they fcemed to hold a con- 
 fultation what was to be donb. After this, our guide 
 offered to condu<ft us to the chiefs (or Areekec) and he 
 accordingly led us to a houfe, where eight or ten mid- 
 die a{^ed perfons were feated in a circle. To thefe the 
 captam and his pigs were formally introduced. Thcv 
 deilrcd the captain with great courtefy to be fcatca, 
 who began to expatiate on the merits of his two pigs, 
 explaining to them their nature and ufe, and how they 
 would multiply : in (hort, he enhanced their value as 
 much as pomble, that they might take the more care 
 of them. In return for our prefent we had fix yams 
 brought us, after which we went on board. In the af- 
 ternoon we made a trip to the (hore, and on a tree near 
 the watering place, an inlcription was cut, fctting 
 forth the (hips name, date, &c. as a memorial and 
 proof that we were the firft difcoverers of this coun- 
 try. Much the fame had been done in other places we 
 had touched at. Near this place is a little village, which 
 we now found to be much lai^r than we cxpedtcd. 
 It was furroundcd with good cultivated land, regu* 
 larly laid out, planted, or planting, with taro or eddy 
 root, yams, &c. fmall rills, in pleating meanders, con- 
 tinually watered the taro plantations. Thefe roots are 
 planted, fome in fquare or oblong patches, which lie 
 horizontal, and are funk below the level of the adjacent 
 land, by which means they can let into them, as much 
 water as they think rcquifite. Others are planted in 
 ridges, about four feet broad, and three high. On the 
 top of the ridge is a narrow gutter, for conveying the 
 little rills to the roots. The plantations are laia out 
 with fuch judgment, that the fame Aream waters fe- 
 Veral ridges. Thefe are fometimes the boundaries to 
 the horizonul plantations, and where this method is 
 u(ed, which is frequently done for the benefit of a path- 
 Way, not an inch of ground is loft. Some of the toots 
 arc better tafted than others : nor are they all of the 
 fame colour t but thev are all wholcfome tbod< The 
 tops are eaten by the natives, and we thought them 
 good greens. The whole family, men, woman, and 
 children, wftrk in thefe planutions. Having now 
 fully fatisfied ourcuriofity for the prefent, we returned 
 on board, when the capuin ordered all the boats to be 
 hoiftcd int that we might be ready to fet fail, and put to 
 fea. 
 
 The inhabitants of this country are ftrong, robuft, 
 aLtivc, friendly, couneous, and not addidcd to pil- 
 lering, as all other nations arc in this fea. They have 
 in general better features than the natives of Tanna, 
 and are a much ftoutcr race ; but in fome we faw a re- 
 femblanceof the negroc^ having thick lips, flat nofes, 
 and full checks. Their hair andlieards are black. The 
 tormer is very rough and frizzled j and frequently 
 Mants fcratching, for which they have a well contrived 
 inftrument, wearing it always in their rough mop 
 heads. It is a kind of comb made of fticks of hard 
 wood, from fcven to nine inches kmg, and about the 
 thicknefs of a knittingneedlc. Twenty of thefe, fome- 
 times fewer, are fattened together at one end, parallel 
 to, anil ni'arl> one tenth of^an inch from each other. 
 No. ii. 
 
 The dthcf ehds, that are ^ little pointed, fpl-ead out 
 like the fticks of a fan. Some havfe thcii- hair tied up 
 in clubs, and others, ai. ^cl| as the wdmen, wear it 
 cropped ftiort. They alfo wear their beards cropped 
 in the fame manner. I'hcy arc much fubjeifl to fwelled 
 and ulcerated legs, particularly the hicn, .as olfo to a 
 fwelling of the fcrotum: When they go cat in their ca> 
 noes, and when unemployed, they weai- a cbarfe kind 
 of matting, of their own manufadurc, and the men 
 of note have a ftiflf, cylindrical black cap^ which ap-* 
 pearcd to be a capital ornament, and mark of diftinc- 
 tion among them. The drefs of their wbmcn is a ftiort 
 petticoat, made of the leaves of the plantain treci 
 faftened by a coi-d round their waifts. I'his is at leaft 
 fix inches thick^ but not one longer than neceflary for 
 the ufe defigned. The outer filaments are dyed blacky 
 and the right fide is ornamented with pearl Oyfter- 
 ftiells. Both fexes are adorned with car-rings, ncck^ 
 laces, amulets, and brncelets, made of large fliells, 
 which arc placed above the elbow. Various parts of 
 their bodies are puniftured. They appear to be 4 
 race between the natives of Tanna, and thofe of the 
 Friendly Idandlt and they bear fome refemblance to 
 thofe ot New Zealand; their language, in fome re- 
 fpedts, appears to be collcded from thefe three coun- 
 tries. In honefty and a friendly difpofition, they cer- 
 tainly exoel all others. However, notwithftanding 
 this, they inuft fometimes be engaged in war. other- 
 wife they would not be fo well provided as they jtrc.with 
 weapons of various forts. Their clubs are near thrctf 
 feet in length, and varioUfly formed, fome with heads 
 like an hawk, others with round heads. They arc all 
 made very neatly. Their darts and fpears are orna- 
 mented with carvings; They take (bme paint to ftiap* 
 the ftoiies for their flings^ which are in the form of an 
 e|^. only pointed alike at both ends. In ftriking filh 
 with a dart, they are very dexterous, which we believe 
 is the only method they have of catching them, for We 
 faw neither hooks nor lihcs in their polfeflion. Their 
 tools arc much the fame as in the other iflands. They - 
 build their houfes circular, rcfembling a bee-hive, and 
 full as clofe and warm ; into which they enter by a 
 fouare opening, juft big enough to admit a man upon 
 his knees. Tne roof is lofty and brought to a point at 
 top ; the fide walls are five feet and a hiilf high t botik 
 roof and fides are covered with thatch, made of coarA 
 long grafs. On the top of moft of theil- dwellings is » 
 wowlen poft, which is generally ornamented either with 
 carving, or ftiells. or both. Within are platforms for 
 the conveniency of laying any thing on. and in fome 
 houfes are two floors, one above the other. On the 
 floors dry grafs is laid, and mau are fpread for the prin^* 
 cipal people to fleep, or fit on. In moft of them \\c 
 found a hre burning, and in fome two fire places, buc 
 they arc very fmoaky and hot, having no chimney, nor 
 vent for thefmoak but the door ; anatmofphere which 
 to Europeans muft be very difagreeable, and as to our- 
 felves we could fcarcely endure it a moment ; but with 
 refpcdl to the lutivcs, the fmokc is a ncceflary evil, as 
 it prevents the mufquitoes from molefting them, and 
 thefe are very numerous. Their houfes arc better cal- 
 culated for a cold than a hot climate { and it is owing 
 to their internal heat, that thefe people are fo chilly 
 when in the open air, and without exercife. We often 
 faw them make little firel at different places, and fquac 
 down round them, only to warm themfelves. In fom? 
 particulars their houfes are very neat ; for befides the 
 ornaments at top, we faw fome with carved door-pofts. 
 There are not any partitions in them.confcqucntly they 
 cannot have any of our ideas that make privacy ne- 
 ccflary. They cook their viduals in the open air, 
 without doors ; and the earthen jar, before mentioned, 
 fccms to be the only article of their houfliold utenfili 
 worth notice. In this they bake their roots and fifti. 
 They ufe three or five ftoncs, in the form of a fugar- 
 loaf, to keep the jars from refting on the fire, and 
 thrt it may bum the better. On thefe the jars lie in- 
 clined on their fides ; and three ftoncs are for one jar, 
 five for two. 1 he flones arc fixed in the ground, and 
 their pointed ends arc about half a foot atwve the fur. 
 1 Y face. 
 
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 178 
 
 apt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
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 fiice. Water is their ianly liquor, and their fubfillaiKte 
 is on fiihi roots, and the bark of a cenain tree, which 
 lad they roaft before they chew it. Some of our peo- 
 
 f>le (ccmcd to relifli the ufte of it* which is fweet and 
 nfipid. Their fruit trees do not yield much fruit. 
 Plantains are not in abundance t fugarcahes and bread- 
 fruit are very fcarce ; and the cocoa-nuts are but thinly 
 planted. 
 
 Notwithftanding nature has been rather fcanty in 
 fier fikvours tp the ifland, it is not thinly peopled on 
 the fea coaft. and in the valleys that are capable of 
 cultivation. We faW, it is true, great nunnbers of the 
 natives every d^^r^ but we believe they came from all - 
 partt on our account. Down the coaft, to the well, 
 there are but few inhabitants, but from the eaft, they 
 came daily in large bodies, over the mountains, to vifit 
 us. We muft, however, confcfs, that what parts of 
 this country we faiw, arc not'iic to fupport many inha- 
 bitants, moll of thefc being barren rocky mountains, 
 the grafs growing on which is ufclefs to people who 
 have no cattle. The fea, perhaps, may compenfatc 
 for the (lerility of the land. A coaft encircled with 
 reefs and Ihoals, cannot fail of aflbrding a plentiful 
 fupply of fifli. Our botanical party did not complain 
 tor want of employment. They obferved feveral 
 plants, common :o the eallem and northern idands i 
 and, among other produdions, difcovcred the tree, 
 the bark ot which, being eaftly peeled oif, is ufed in 
 the Ead-Indies for caulking of Ihips. I'he bark is 
 foft, white, and ragged j the wood very hardi the 
 leaves long and narrow, in colour, of a pale dead green, 
 and in fmell, a fine aromatic. I'hcy found alfu a fiie- 
 cics of the padion flower, which, wc arc informed has 
 never before been known to grow wild any where but in 
 America. Of the land birds, which are very nume- 
 rous, wc faw feveral to us unknown, as a kind of tur- 
 tle doves, very beautiful, many fmall birds, and one 
 lelcmbling a crow, though much fmallcr, and its fea- 
 tlKts are tinged with blue. We endeavoured, but in 
 vain, to obtain the name of the whole illand { but we 
 got the names of feveral dillrici:i, w ith thofe of their 
 chiefs. Balade was the name of the diftrid we were 
 at, and Tea Booma the chief. Tea is a tide prefixed to 
 the names of all, or mod of their great men. The 
 captain'! friend, by wayof diftindlion, called him Tea 
 C6ok. Their canoes arc very clumfy, though fome- 
 what like thofe of the Friendly Ifles. Mod of them 
 are double canoes. They are navigated by one or two 
 lattcen fails. The fdil is made of pieces of matting ; 
 the ropes of the coarfe Ulamenu of the plantain tree. 
 They fiiil well, but are not cakmlated for rowing or 
 paddling. They are about thirty feet long, and the deck 
 or platform, about twenty-four in length, and ten in 
 breadth. In our traffic with thefc people, fmall nails 
 vere of little value, nor did they admire beads, idok- 
 ing-glaflcs, &c. and evert a hatchet was not Co valuable 
 as a ^ikt nail. Their womcH here as well as at Tanna, 
 arc very chafle, and we neverheard, that one of our 
 people ever obuincd the lead &vour from any one ojf 
 them: Indeed their ladies would fometimi-s divert 
 themfclves by going a little afide with our gentlemen, 
 as if they meant to be kind,' and then would in a mo- 
 ment run ai^ay laughing at them. Thcfe people de- 
 podt thdr dead in the ground. Some of our gentle- , 
 men faw a grav<;, refemnling one of Roman tumuli, in 
 which, they Were informed lay the rei , ains of a chief, 
 (lain in battle. Round his grave fpcars, diuta, and 
 paddles, were (hick upright in the ground. 
 
 On 'Itiefday, th« 13th of September, |t fun rife, 
 we weig^Mi and dood fbi' the fame tiiannel we came 
 ■ in by. At half Mid fevcn wt were in the mkldic of b, 
 when the'ifle of Balabca boir W. N. W. As foon u 
 we were dear cf the reef, we bore up aloMr the outfide 
 of it, ftcering N. W. by W. as it ocnded. Ac noM 
 the ifland of Balabca bore S. by W. diduK abMitibur 
 loniMt and at diree o'cktek P. M. it bert S. by E. 
 half E. From this place the retf iifeltnc4 to die-lll< 
 and then to N. W. Advancii^to N. W. we UtBA 
 More land, fo that Mr. Gilben mit iniSaken,Mid di(l 
 not fee die extremity of the coift. At five dik land 
 
 bore W. bv N. half N; difhuit itcar ieven leagues. 
 On the 14m, the reef dill trended N. W. along whicli 
 we fteered, with a liriit brectc, at E. S. £. At nooK 
 we had lolt.liB^ of mlabea, and at three o'clock^ wt 
 run l)^ aWtttKly ifle, the fptce between which, and 
 the nortlwwedelnmod land was drewed with ftnaJs. 
 At fun-fet, we could but jud fee the land, which bore 
 S. W. by S. about ten leunies diflant. No land was 
 feen to the wcftwaidi of this di(etton>i the reef too - 
 trended away Wt by Ni ahd ftom«he mad-head fecmed 
 to terminate in a-point ; lb that cmry apptarance flat«- 
 tercd oiir expcSgdons, and induced tfM to believe, that 
 we diouki foon «et round ti^e dwals. Ort thetjth, fee- 
 ins neither laniT nor breakers, we bore awiylK. W. by 
 W. but the fhoals dill continuin|^ we plied up fort 
 clear fea to the S. $• by doing which, we did but jud 
 weather the point pf dw reef we had pafTed the prece* 
 ding evening. To render our tituation the more dan- 
 gerous,- the wind began to fkil us t .in the afternoon it 
 fell a calm ; and we were left to the metcy of a gran 
 fwcll, fetting diredly for the reef, which was wot more 
 than a league from us. The pinnace and cutter were 
 hoided out to tow the fliip. but they wereaf little fer* 
 vice. At feven o'clock, a light air at NJ N. E. kept 
 her head to the fea; and on the 1 6th, at cteven o'clock 
 A. M. we hoided in the baits, and made fall to S. £» 
 A tide or current had been in our favour all nighi;, and 
 was the caufe (under God) of our getting founexpededly 
 clear of the Ihoals. On IViefday the stxh, at noon^ 
 Cape Colnet bore N. 78 d^. W. diflant dx leaKues. 
 From hence the land extemfed round by the S. to E. S. 
 E. till it waa k>d in the horizon, and the country ap- 
 peared variegated with many hills and valleys. We 
 dood in diorc till fun-fet, when we were about three 
 leagues off. Two fmall iflots lay difhint from us five 
 miles, and others lay between us and the fltore. The 
 country was mountainous, and had much thk fiimc af- 
 pedt as about Balade. iki the atd, we foundourfelves 
 about fa leagues from the caid. On tfie a id, we dood 
 in for the land, which at noon extended from N. 78 de& 
 W. to S. 31 dec. half E. round by the S. The coad, 
 in thi!,lali direaion, feemed to trend more to the S, in 
 a lofty promontory, which, in honour of the day, was 
 named Cape Coronation, in latitude 22 deg. i min. and 
 in 167 deg. 7 min. 30 fee. E. longitude. On the sjd. 
 at day-break, a high point apj^arcd in dght, beyond 
 the cape, which proved to be' the S. E. extremity of 
 the cai|d, :to which we gave the name of Queen Char- 
 lotte's Foreland; It lies in latitude i23 deg. 16 rain. S: 
 and in 167 deg. 14 min. E. longitude. At noon, as . 
 we^rew near Ctpe Coronation, wefilw in a valley to 
 the fouth a vad number of elevated objedls, from whenc« 
 a great deal of fmoke kept ridng ail the day. Capt. 
 Cook was of (pinion thcfe were a fingular foft of trees, 
 being, as he thousht, too numerous to refcmble anjr 
 thing elfe. Some low Isind under the Foreland was en- 
 tirely covered with them. iThe wind having veered 
 round to the fouth, we- tacked, and nr4t oft^BlNr 
 thinking it fafe to approach the flioi«mir«tliirdtrk. 
 We dflod inagidnatday-brcak, en the 24th, an^ at 
 noon obTcrvcd in litimde at deg. 59 min. 30 fctrirXjipe' 
 Coronatwn bearimr' wed, fdurh*>r|yi didant (event 
 leagues, and tRe North Foivland fouth, ^S.d^. W.; 
 At fiiui-fet we difcovwed a ' k>w land, lying Si S. E.' 
 about feven milea from the Foreland, furraunded with 
 (hoab and faicakenb 
 
 Sunday the a jth, we dood to S. S. W. with a view of . 
 gettiog'tnlsnd die Florriand, but aa wc advanced, we 
 Mfceived man tow Me% b^ond tbi .eift alieady men- 
 dwiadt WitHitMAireAoodioriieMdi, toloekl^ra 
 riieft. We gataUdh^(m:e«Cf o'clock, 
 MS (o Hcer out E. S. E. mi to fpend 
 wttMeftawdcty. On the a6di, we ftrcuhcd 
 ~ ' MfMkMl^lMant&deaiiKst Mid^dit 
 MdiL i*B BM^ Mid llud to S. W. widi the hopai of 
 wiid>«iMii^ mm twonUlo^hait. whkhoMigtd 
 ^'^ -^ thfecrillkteofdi^inMi^ 
 
 - 'V.bvN.toS.W.d« 
 off me S. £ pointy S, 
 byW, ipiift WIflMdifdtotecoancasdwidi d« 
 
 Iu0 
 
 m tMMll ai— i Idh wnnithn ci 
 till MtffHNK bcWMf wpos N. W, 
 hn W. Mif iMwMS iiH^ lyiwal 
 
en leaoue*. 
 long which 
 AtnooK 
 I'dock, wt 
 vhich, and 
 vith flxMb. 
 which bore 
 9 land wu 
 le reef to* 
 Eadfecmed 
 innce flat>> 
 lieve, that 
 €tan, Tee- 
 fif.Vf.hy 
 d up for a 
 id but juft 
 theprece* 
 raoredan- 
 ftemoon it 
 of a great 
 ■ not more 
 utter were 
 r little fer' 
 •I. E. kept 
 ren o'clock 
 II to S. £i 
 ligh^ and 
 expedledljr 
 I, at nooHi 
 X leainiet. 
 S. to E. S. 
 >untry ap> 
 leys. Wc 
 bout three 
 om ut Ave 
 ore- The 
 M fame af-; 
 iourfelvet 
 I, we flood 
 N.7gdegw 
 The coaft, 
 
 the S, in 
 e daf, waa 
 t min. and 
 n the S3d. 
 It, beyond 
 trcmity of 
 lecn Chai^ 
 i 6 min. S.' 
 : noon, aa 
 
 1 valley to 
 Hn whenc* 
 ly. Capt. 
 )ft of trees, 
 *cinble anf 
 nd was en- 
 ing veered 
 d offwnpt^ 
 «tlirdtrk. 
 th, and at 
 
 I rcc;X4ipe> 
 ant kvtit 
 i.deg. W.' 
 gSiS.Fj 
 ndcd witb 
 
 I a view of 
 anccd, we 
 lady men- 
 loc*%ra 
 tf o'clock, 
 dtofpend 
 eftrttched 
 uidonthc 
 * hopeHof 
 <hdH{ged 
 tMifbndt 
 S.W.tlie 
 [i^ paint, S, 
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 COOK'S SECb M D' VOTfi&E^for makitig DircoV^ries in the SiutA Sias Sc Rtiund the f^or/d. 1 79 
 
 brt>per for rpan, ot which wc were very much 11^ •'■"V 
 Th< carpenter and hii crew, after dinner, Were, t^ 
 afliore, to cut down fuch trees as would bed ahlWerour 
 burpofe. While this work was dfting, Ca|M;. tbp'k 
 UDK ,d(Hvn the bearii^ of the f<;veral circumjtt^ 
 land*; kt: The hin on the ifle of oines bd^e 1^. 56 
 deg. JO "nin. E. dte low point of Quee'n.ChiiiiMtf^ 
 fbKWid'ndrth 14' dw, ^p min. WT t)^e i}kh ]||nfl 
 libovfr h, fecn over two tow iflei^ north. 20 de^:^. cm) 
 the niolt advanced point bf land to this weft, bore W. 
 half a point' S'. diiont feven leamies. Iliis point the 
 cap;;m nuned the Prince of Wueiv Foitland. It tiet 
 
 
 bun Idand by breaker*. The (kirttof this i'hwiVfre 
 corned with the elevationa before mentioned, which 
 had ^nuch the appetrahce of tall pl*et, iiidtherefok* 
 the captain nwiKd the iflaiid from thewf. The roonfl 
 hilt on the S. W. fide may be feen fcurteorltagueioff. 
 Thi* Hie of pinea iinboiit athlle in circuit, m latitude 
 «9 dak. 3« min- S- «•»<* '" ' *? deg. 40 «"•"• E. Having 
 madetWo attempts to weather the ifland before fun-fet, 
 *ith no better fiiccefs than before, we ftretchcd off 
 (ill midnlrfit. On the a«th. at day-break, we found 
 burfelvd reviWl leagues to windward of the ifle of 
 PiiWt.' Thb dbaft fi'Am the 9. E. roiind by the footh to 
 tht weft. i*e tM was ftrcw^ with fand banks, breakers, 
 ahd fmall low ifle*. We ranged the outfide of thefe at 
 nearly a iMoue Jiftsnce, and as we pafTcd fomc others 
 •ripttrM sTo that they fcemcd to form a chain cxtend- 
 InKto the ifles that lie off the Foreland, in the aftet- 
 n<»n, we fteercd N. W. by W. with a fine gate at eaft. 
 with a view of Ailing in with the land j but we difco- 
 vered two low ifiots, bearing W. by S. They weit con- 
 nefted by breakers, which fcemcd to jom thofe on our 
 fhirboard « oix which accoum we found it neceffanr to 
 haul off S. W. to get dear of them an. At three 
 o'clock P. M. more brcdcers appeared. M(hich from the 
 maft Head were fccn to extend as far as eaft-fouth j 
 and from the fmoothncfs of the fca, wc conjedhired, 
 that ihcy might alfo extend to the north-eaft ; fo that 
 we were in a manner fiirroundcd with them. Having 
 Tnad(* a fliort trip to N. N. E. we'ftood again to the 
 fouth, and again had the alarming iight of a fea full of 
 Ihoals. which we Could only clear by returning in the 
 track we came before. Wc tacked again nearly in the 
 fame place, and then anchored in a frrong gale, in a 
 bottom of fine fand, having a chain of breakers to the 
 IttevfiiVd. We fpcnt the night in making fliott boards 
 «Ver the known J^accwehiid travertVd in the day ; but 
 tinder the uncafy apprchehfioiis of bfcing in the moft 
 thiminent danger. This waS very evident on the 29th, 
 at day-light, which Ihewcd our fears were not ill- 
 founded, having had breakers continually under our 
 fee, and at a very little diftance from us. The people 
 on the forccaftle and lee gangway, fa* breakers under 
 the lee bow, which we avoided by quickly tacking. 
 We now kept a good look out, and managed the Ihip 
 brilkly, but after all the moft pnidcntial endeavours o^i 
 our part, wc rauft afcribe glory to God. being fiilly 
 convuiced, that we owed our fafety and prcfcrvation.to 
 the Intcrpofition of a Divine Providence. Capi. Cook -j 
 was now inclined to quit this dangerous coaft, but, how- 
 ever, he rcfolved firlV to fee what thofe trees were, 
 which had been the fuhjeA of our fpeculations. and 
 concerning which many, contrary opinions had been 
 nuintaineu. Befidcs. he thought the difcovery might 
 be uiisful to future navigators. Being now but a few 
 miles diftantfrom the low iflands lying off the Foreland, 
 mentioned in our journal' on the 45tn inftant, we hire 
 down to that which was ntarcft to us. As we ap- 
 proached, wc perceived it was unconnected with the 
 neighbouring (noals. and thought we might get to an- 
 fch«r under its weft and lee fide. Having hauted there- 
 fore round the point of the reef, wc attempted to ply 
 p windward; but another reef to thci north, whicn 
 fbrnwd a narrow channel, thmugh which ran a cuntfnt 
 ^gainft us, rendered this attempt fruitlefs. Wc there- 
 fore anchored in thirty-nine fathoms water, about a 
 knik from the ifland, and having hoifted out the boat, 
 ^t a party on (hore, acconmanicd by the bptaniftt, 
 Who found the trees to be a fort of fpruce piiwsj'ye» 
 srbper for fpars, of which wc were very much i^ WiW^ 
 
 f 
 
 in latitude 22 deg. ao min. S. and in 166 drg. $7 
 min. E. longitude: when firft feen above the horizon, 
 by rcafba or'iu height, it looks like an ifland. The 
 trub aireftlon of the coafl from the Foreland to this 
 pdlnt; ha(l been afceruincd from fcveral bearings. 
 
 On chi< fmall Ifle, which is not quite a mile m cir- 
 cumifcrenc^, grew, befidcs the pines, a variety of other 
 trees, fhrubs, and plants t and thefe having fiifliciently 
 employed the botaniftn during our flay, on this account 
 the captain named the little ifland iJotany Ifle. Wc 
 nw here fcveral pigeons, duvei, and water-fnakca, dif- 
 ferent fiom any we ji^q l^chs likcwifc a hawk of the 
 fame kind as our E^glifh fifhing hawks. A number 
 offirc-placcii. and Tome reqnain^ of turtle, were iignsof 
 people having lately vilited this place. In the fand lay 
 the wreck ofa canoe, cxadlly of the fame make as thofe 
 we had feen at Balade; and wc no\y were convinced, 
 that of thefe pines they made their canoes. Some of 
 thefe trees mcafurcd 20 inches in diameter, were 70 t'cct 
 long, and would have fervcd very well for a foremaft, 
 had we wanted one. As trees of fo large a fize arc 
 the produce of fo fmall a fpot. it is reafonable to fup- 
 ppfe, that larger ones arc the growth of the main. This 
 difcovery may be valuable to future navigators; for 
 except New Zealand, we know of no ifland in the 
 Pacific ocean, w here a fhip can be fupplied with a maft 
 or yard, were Ihe ever fo niuch diftreffed for want of 
 one. This was the opinion of our carpenter, who was 
 both mafl-nukcr and fhipwright in IDeptford-yard. 
 Thefe trees fhoot out their branches fmallcr and fhortcr 
 than other pines, fo that when wrought for ufe their 
 knots difappcnr. We obfcrved that the largeft had the 
 flM)rtcft branches, and were crowned at the top w ith a 
 head like a bufh. The wood is white, clofc i;rained, 
 tough, yet light. Turpentine had oozed out of moft of 
 the trecs^ which the fun had fomKd into rofin. This 
 Was found adhering to the trunks, and laying about 
 theroois. The feeds are produced in cones. We found 
 here another fmall tree or flirub. ofthe fpruce fir kind: 
 alio a kind of Icurvy-grafs, and a plant which, when 
 boiled, cat like fpinnage. The purpofc being an- 
 fwercd for which w*^ landed on this ifland, the cap- 
 tain determined, not tp^ ^haziird the ftiip down to lee- 
 ward, but to try to get to the fouihward ofthe thoals. 
 The extent of this S. W. coaft had been already pretty 
 veil determined; a more accurate furvey might beat- 
 tended with great ri(k and many dangers; it vtas too 
 late to let up and enijploy the frame of the little vefTcl 
 we had on board, and mould the Refolution be henuneJ 
 ih, we might by that means lofe the proper feafon for 
 getting to the fouth ; thefe reafons induced thcCaptaia 
 to make fomc trips to weather the flioals to the lee- 
 ward of Botany Ifle. But when this was thought to 
 be cficded. 
 
 On Friday the 30th, at three o'ckxrk P. M. it fell 
 calm, the fwell, aflifted by the current, fet us fafl 
 tbwards'the breakers, which were yet in fight to the 
 $. W. but at ten o'clock a breeze fpringing up. we 
 fleered E. S. £. not venturing farther fouth till day 
 light. , 
 
 On Saturday pflobcr the ift, we had a very flrong 
 wind at S. 3. W. attended by a great fea, fo that we had 
 reafon to rejoice at.hAviiie'gpt clear ofthe fhoals befotv 
 'thiiigalc overtook uis. We were now obliged to ftrctcb 
 to the S. E. and at noon were out of fight of land. 
 
 On the ad, in the afternoon, we had little wind, and 
 a great fwell i but at eleven, a frefh breeze fpringing up, 
 we flood to the fputh. We were now in the latitude 
 Qtiiieg. 1 8 min. and in 1 69 deg. 49 min. E. longitude. 
 
 On the 3d, at eight o'clock A. M. we had a ftrong 
 gale with fqualls from the S. W. and the Captain laid 
 afidc all thoughts of returning to the land we had left. 
 Nor fould fuch an attempt be thought a prudent one. 
 ^I^en.wccopfider. that.we bad a vafl ocean yettoex- 
 plyjretQtlieloutlisiiiat the (hip was already in want 
 ofiie;;;clIary (lon^s ;, that fMmmcr was approaching very 
 fikft, and that anv confiderable accident might detain us 
 from purfuing the great objc& rf this voyage another 
 year. Thus ncceflity compelled u$ to leave a coaft, for 
 the firfl time, which wc had difcovcrcd, but not fully 
 
 explored. 
 
l8o 
 
 Capt. C O O K'a V O Y AGE 8 COMPLETE. 
 
 tu; 
 
 I I 
 
 exptored. The capuin named it New Caledonia, and 
 in his opinion, it it next to New Zealand, the largeft 
 ilUnd in the South PaciAc Ocean. The extent it 
 from latitude 19 deg. 37 min. to 33 dcg. .-)0 min. S. and 
 From longitude 163 dcs. 37 min. to 167 deg. 14 min, 
 E. It Iwi neariy nTw. half W. and S.E. half E. 
 Mid ii about ft? Ingue* long, but its breadth does not 
 any where exceed 10 leagues. It here mud be noted, 
 that in the extent given to this ifland, it included the 
 broken or unconneaed lands to the N. W. 
 
 On Thurfday the 6th, we continued our courfe to 
 New Zealand, with this view we (ailed S. S. E. havii^ 
 a blowing frcfli gale, but at noon it fell calm. At this 
 time we found ourfelves by obfervation, in latitude 
 17 deg. JO min. S. and in 171 dcg. ^3 min. E. longi- 
 tude. During the calm, which contmued all this day, 
 the carpenters were employed in caulking the decks. 
 Thit wat done with vamifli of pine, coverra with coral 
 fand, as they had neither pitch, tar, nor rofin left. The 
 experiment with refpofl to the cement, fiir exceeded 
 their expedationi. In the afternoon, two aibatroflct 
 were ihot, which, at thit time, we thought equally good 
 asRcefe. 
 
 On the 7th a breeze fprung up, and fixed at S. E. 
 by S. The day following we had a gentle gale, at- 
 tended with fine weather. On the ath we were in 
 latitude 28 deg. 35 min. and in 170 aeg a6 min. E. 
 longitude. In the evening, Mr. Cooper (truck a por- 
 poilc. It wat fix feet long, and a female, called by 
 naturalifis the dolphin of the ancients, and which differs 
 from the common porpoife in the head and jaw, which 
 are long and pointra. This had 88 teeth in each jaw. 
 It was fird foaked in water, then roafted, broiled, 
 and fried. To us who had lone fublUled on fait meat, 
 it was more than palauble ; and we thought the hafiet, 
 and lean fle(h, a delicious feall. 
 
 On the lothwedifcovered land, fituatedin latitude 
 39 dcg. 2 min. 30 fee. S. and in 168 deg. 16 min. E. 
 longitude. Caut. Cook called it Noirolk Ifiand, in 
 honour of the Howard family, who have the title of 
 the duke of Norfolk. We anchored here in 33 fathoms 
 water, on a bank of coral fand, mixed with broken 
 (hells. After dinner, a pirty of us embarked in two 
 boats, and landed on the idand behind fome laive 
 rocks. It was uninhabited, and we were undoubtedly 
 the firfi who ever fet foot upon it. We obfervcd many 
 trees and plants common to New Zealand, particularly 
 the flax plant, which grows very luxuriant here. We 
 found in great abundance the fpruce pine trees, firaight 
 and ull, and many of them as thick as two men could 
 fathonn. The foil of thit ifland is rich and deep, the 
 •woods pet fcdly clearfrom underwood,and for about.200 
 yards from the (hore, the ground is covered with (hmbs 
 and plants. We found here many fea and land fowl, of 
 the (anK kind as in New Zealand ; likcwili: cabbage- 
 palm, wood-forrel, fow-thiftle, i><id famphire. Thecab- 
 bage-trees were not thicker than a men's leg, and from io 
 to3ofeethigh. ThecabbaKe.eachtrecproducingbutone, 
 is at the top, enclofed in the dem. This vegctableis not 
 only wholefome, but exceedingly palatable ; and fome 
 excellent fi(h we caught made a luxurious entertainment. 
 
 On Tudday the 1 1 th, we failed from Norfolk Ifland. 
 which we weathered, having dretched to S. S. W. 
 We found the coad bounded with rocky clilTs and 
 banks of coral fand. On the fouth fide lie two iflcs, 
 which fcrve as rooPing and breeding places, for white 
 boobies, gulls, tern, &c. A bank of^ coral fand and 
 fliells, furrounds the ifle, and extends, efpecially fouth- 
 ward, frven leagues off. Our intention at this time 
 was to Khefh the crew, and repair the (hip, in Qyeen 
 Charlotte's Sound. 
 
 On Monday the 17th, we had in view mount ^. 
 mont, perpetually covered w|th fftow, bearing S. E. 
 ■half E. diltijnt about eight leagues. Tfje wind now 
 blew a frcdi gale, with wliich weftecrcd'S. S. E. for 
 QiRcn Charlotte's Sound. 'The wind at lad increalM 
 in fuch a manner, that we could carry no more Ctil 
 than the two courfet, and two ckjfe-reeied tojpfiiilt : 
 .umlcr thcfc we dcercd for Cape. SteveM, whtpi we 
 nUde at 1 1 o'clock at night. 
 2. 
 
 On the i8th„ we made • trip to the north, and borf 
 Awa^r for tiw found. We hf uled round Fbini Jacklon, 
 at mn« At M- «nd At 11 o'clock anchored baibre Shif^^ 
 Cbv^, thr wind and tide not permitting ut to get in. 
 Capti C0ok. in the a(^emoon went aflxwc, and looked 
 for thebottlet I'M the mcinonuidumt which he kh 
 when la(t her*, but it #at taken away by Ibme perfon 
 or othcn The feind kat hauled twice and only four 
 fifli caught : but feveral birds were (hot, and the neft» 
 of (bme (hagt were robbed of their young ones. 
 
 Cta tiie 19th,. the (hip wu warped into the cove, 
 and moored. 'Thefailt were Unbent, feveral of them 
 having been much damaged in the hue nde. "The 
 main and fore courfet were cdndemned, aiM the top. 
 madt were druck and unriggedi T(i^ km waa fet up, 
 and tenu ereded on dwre m th« fecqition ofa guard, 
 &c. Plenty of vegeublet were gatheM for the rtfiredu 
 ment ofthecrew, which were boiled every morning 
 with oatmeal and portable broth for breakmr^- From 
 fome circumlhuicet, at. cutting down treet with fawt 
 and axes, and a place found where an obfefvatoly had 
 been fet up in our abfence, we had no doubt but the 
 Adventure had been in this cove fince we left ik 
 
 On the 20th our men began to caulk the (hip's (idet , 
 and on Saturday the 33d, uie capairt ac^comptlrtied 1^ 
 the botanidt went to vifit our gardens in Motuara, 
 which we found had been wholly negle^ed by thofeof 
 the natives to whom we had given tlwm in charge; nor 
 had any care or cultivation oeen bedowed on them. 
 Nevertneleft, the foil feemed to agree well with the 
 plants, for many of them were in a flourifhing con- 
 dition. Not having hitherto fcen any of the natives, 
 we made a fire on the Lnd, hoping thit would induce 
 them to come down to ut. 
 
 On the 34th, we faw two canoes coming down the 
 found, which, when the (hip was feen by the people^ 
 retired behind a point on the wed-fide. After brnkr 
 fad we went in fearch of them, and havin|| fired at 
 feveral birds, the report of our pieces gave nouce of our 
 being near, and they di(covered themfelves by halloo> 
 ing to us in Shag Cove > but when we landed, and drew 
 neartotheir habitations, they all fled, except two or thre^ 
 men, who maintained their ground, with their weapon* 
 in their hands. The moment we landed they knew us, 
 and their fears fubfided. Thofe who had fled returned 
 from the woods, embraced us over and over ag^n. and 
 exprelTed their joy at feeing us, by jumping and 
 danciiig in a frantic manner t but the men would not 
 fuflfer (ome women we faw at a dilhince to conne near 
 us. We made them prefenu of hatchcu and knives, 
 and in return they gave ut a quantity of fi(h they had 
 jud caught. The next nwmiitt they brought ut more 
 fifli, which they bartered for Otaneitean cloth. Wealked 
 them on what account thev were afraid of us, and alfo 
 what was become of our old friends ? To thefe quefliont 
 we got no (atisfadlory anfwersi but thev talked much 
 about killing, which wat varioufly underftood by us. 
 
 On' Wednefday the 26th. fome of the natives went to 
 the tents, and told our peq>le, that a (hip like oura 
 had lately been lod, that fome of the men landed at 
 Vanna Aroa, near Terrawhitte, on the other fide the 
 drait; that a difpute happened between them and the 
 natives t that feveral of the latter were fliot 1 and that 
 the natives got the etter of them when they could 
 fire no longer, and both killed and ate them. One of 
 the relators of this drange ttie, faid it was so or 30 
 days aco; but another (aid it Mas two moons fincc^ 
 and. deteribed, as well as he could, in what manner the 
 (hip wat beat topiecei. The following day they told the 
 fame dory to othert, which made the captain, and i»i. 
 deed all of ut, very uneafy about the Adventure, but 
 when the captain enquired himfelf, and endeavoured to 
 come at the truth of thefe rcporu, the very people who 
 raffed them, denied every fy liable of what they had ^id^ 
 and feen^d wholly ignorant of the matter; (b that w^ 
 t.»m to. think tKe whole relation had reference only to 
 their own pcofde and boau. On the aSth,^ again 
 went on diore. but found no appearance of the BSSI •nd 
 fowit we had left behind. Having been a (hoduqg to 
 the wed biff, in our tetum we got fome filh from the 
 
 QBtivea 
 
ToOl?nECONDVOY AGE— for maklri:,' Di/ceDerift in the South Seas & Round the fVorJJ. i 8 1 
 
 iwtivei for a few triHini^ prcfentt. A> we came buck, 
 fomc of the party thousht they hcird a pig fqiioak in 
 the wooili. We Ihot tnii clay a|;ood many wilii fowl 
 and fiiMll bird*. On the 31ft, it was fomewhat re-^ 
 markabic that all the natives left us. 
 
 Tuefday, the 1 ft of November, wc were vifited by a 
 number of ftrangen, who came from up the fotmd. I'hc 
 principal article of trade they brou{^ht with them was 
 green ftone, fomc of which were the largeft pieces vc 
 had ever fcen. On the 3d, a large black fow was fcen 
 by the botanizing party, which we dilcovered to be the 
 fame that Capt. r'urncaux left behind him. Suppoling 
 it to be a boar we carried over to Long Idand a fow, 
 but feeing o«ir miftake, we brought her back. This 
 incident afforded us foine hopes, that this ifland in time 
 will be ftockcd with fuch ufcfiil animals. Lieutenant 
 PickerfKiil was told the fame ftory by one of the na- 
 tives, of a Hiip having been loft, but the man de- 
 clared, though many people were killed, it was not 
 by them. On the cth, we ol)taincd a fcafonabic and 
 plentiful fupply of fifti from our old friends. Early in 
 the morning Cajit. Cook, accompanied by Mr. Sparr- 
 man, and the Mcflrs. Forftcrs, embarked in the pin- 
 nace, and urocecdcd up the found, in order to difcovcr 
 a piilTagc that way out to fea by the S. E. Wc were 
 met by fome fifhemien, who all declared, there was no 
 ytalFage by the head of the found t and foon after four 
 men in a canoe concurred in the fame opinion, con- 
 lirming what the others had faid, but they gave us to 
 iinderftand, that there was fuch a paflagc to the eaft. 
 We therefore laid alide our firft delign of going to the 
 head of the found, and proceeded to this arm of the 
 lea, on the S. E. fide, which is about five leagues above 
 the ifle of Mortuara. Within the entrance, at a place 
 called Kotieghenooee, we came to a large fcttlemcnt of 
 the natives. Their chief, Tringo-bohec, and fomc of 
 his attendants had lately been on board the (hip, by 
 whom we were received with great civility j and theft 
 people encouraged us to purluc the objcdl we had in 
 view. Wc therefore continued our courfe down this 
 arm of the fea, E. N. E. and E. by N. having a view 
 of feveral fine coves, which wc pafled, and at length 
 we found it open, by a channel about a mile wide, 
 into the ftrait. A ftrong tide ran out, and we had ob- 
 fcrved another fetting down the arm. Near four o'clock 
 P. M. this tide cealed, and was fuccccdcd by the flootl. 
 The outlet lies S. E. by E. and N. W. by W. from 
 Terniwhitte. A little within the entrance, we found 
 thirteen fathoms water; but, from its fituation, it 
 fccmed necellary to have a trading wind either to go 
 in or out of this channel 5 but having determined to 
 return on board before night, we had not tiinc to make 
 other ncccffary obfervations. Wc faw a Hippah, or 
 ftrong hold, about two miles within the entrance, built 
 on the north rtde, which we omitted vifiting, though 
 the inhabitants made figns for us to come on Ihoie ; but, 
 without paying any regard to them, we made the bcft 
 •I our way for the ftiip, and returned on board about 
 ten o'clock, bringing with us a few fifli and birds; 
 among which laft were fomc ducks wc had ftiot, of the 
 fame kind as ihofe in Dulky Bav. The natives knew 
 thcfc, and feveral other fons. by the drawings, and had 
 a particular name for each. 
 On Sunday, the 6th, our old friends returned, and 
 
 I 
 
 took up their abode near the tenit. An old man, named 
 Pedi-ro, made Capt. Cook a prcfcnt uf a ftalf of h<H 
 nour, fuch as the chiefs carry; and, in return, the cap- 
 tain drelTcd him up in a fuitofoldcloiths, which made 
 him very happy. He had a fine perfon, and his co- 
 lour only dilunguinicd him from an European. Wc 
 cnnuired of him and his companion, if the Adventure 
 had been there during our abuncc ; and they gave us 
 to underftand, that (he arrived a little time after our 
 departure ; that ftie Raid alwut twenty days, and had 
 been gone ten moons; and that neither the, nor any 
 other (hip, had been ftrandcd on the coaft. This ac- 
 count made us cafy refpcding the Adventure, but did 
 not wholly remove our fufpicions of fomc misfortune 
 having happened to ftrangers. This day wc went 
 with a number of hands, in order to catch the fow 
 and put her to boar, but wc returned without feeing 
 her. Pedero dined with us, partook heartily of every 
 thing fct before him, and drank more wine than anv 
 one at table, without being in the Icaft intoxicated. 
 On the 8th, wc put a boar, a fow, and two pigs on 
 ftioic, near Cannibal Cove; fo that wc hope all our 
 repeated endeavours to ftock this country will not 
 prove fruitlefs. Wr. found a hen's egg a few days ago, 
 and tbcr'?forc I elieve, that fomc of the cocks and hens 
 wc left here arc ftill in being. On the 9th, wc un- 
 moored, and ftiiK.d our ftation farther out the cove, 
 for the more ready getting to fea ; but at prcfcnt, the 
 caulkers had not fininicd the fides of the ftiip; and wc 
 could not fail till this work was completed. Our 
 friends brought us a large fupply of fifti, and, in re- 
 turn, we gave Pcdcro a large empty oil jar, with which 
 he fecmcd highly delighted. Wc never faw any of our 
 prefents after they received them, and cannot fay whe- 
 ther they gave them .iway.or what they did with them j 
 but wc oblcrved, every time we vifited them, they were 
 as much in want of hatchets, nails, Ike. as if we had 
 not beftowed any upon them. Notwithftanding thefe 
 people arc cannibals, they arc of a good difpofition, 
 and have not a little humanity. We have before ob- 
 fervcd the inconvenicncies attending them for a want 
 of union among themfclves ; and we arc perfuadcd, 
 though upon the whole very numerous, they arc under 
 no form of government. The head of each tribe, or 
 family, is refpedted i refpe<fl may command obedience ; 
 but we arc inclined to think, not one among them has 
 either a right or power to enforce it. Very lew, we ob- 
 fervcd, paid any regard to the words or anions of 
 Tringo-bohee, though he was reprcfented to us as a 
 chief of fome note. In the afternoon wc went into 
 one of the coves; where, upon landing, we found two 
 families employed in different manners : fome were 
 makine mats, others were flecping ; fome were roafting 
 fifli and roots ; and one girl was employed in heating 
 ftoncs, which flic took out of the fire as foon as they 
 were hot, and gave them to an old woman, who fat 
 in the hut. The old woman placed them one upon 
 another, laid over them fome green cellery, and over 
 all a coarfc mat : (he then fqiiatted herfclf down on 
 the top of the heap, and fat very clofe. Probably this 
 operation might be intended as a cure for fome difor- 
 der, to be efndted by the fteams arifing from the green 
 cellery, and we perceived the wo.iian feeined very 
 ftckly. 
 
 natives 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 77r Departure^ the Rtfnluttm from Nnv Zealand— Her p^age from hence to Terra del Tuego—Tbe run from Cape De- 
 ui" ^fi'^' Soumi~lbc roaft deJmhed—lncideHtt and tranjaiiims in the Sound— A defcription of the country, and 
 "It'^Ta "i!''"jy ''^ '"'"''''">»"— The Re/olulMH departs from Chriflmas Sound— Douiles Cape Htm— Her parage- 
 tbimgbfirait UMaire, and round Stolen Ifland— A harbour in this ifle difcovered—The coafls de/criied— Geographical 
 utjcrvatms—Remayki on ijlands, and the animals found in them, near Staten Land—Departurefrm Staten ifland— Nau- 
 ticat obfervations— The fland of Georgia difccvered, and a defcripiive account of the fame. 
 
 npHURSpAY.Nov. 10, at day-break, weweighed 
 VT ^" , ?"?* ^"^ ^i^"^ Charlotte's Sound, in 
 ^fewZ«land, having a fine breeze at W, N. W. All 
 
 No, 31, 
 
 our fails being fet, we got round the Two Brothers, arid 
 
 ftretched for Cape Campbell, at the S. W. entrance of 
 
 the ftrait. We pafled this at four o'clock P. M. diftant 
 
 a Z five 
 
'a 
 
 kII 
 
 m 
 
 kII 
 
 \$- 
 
 If 
 
 1 ' 
 1 1/ 
 
 1 
 
 1 H 
 
 1 
 
 h .^il 
 
 
 i 1 . 
 
 
 4' 
 
 Kl 
 
 ■■r." 
 
 1 
 
 M;i 
 
 1 
 
 i8s 
 
 Ave Icaguci, uid thtv. <\ttni $. S. B. half E On the 
 nth, at fevcn o'clock P. M. ^pe Pkllil^r bore N. 
 half W. diftafit Ihteen lea^uei, from which Cape, for 
 the third tiine, wc took our departure. We new ftecred 
 S. by E. in drdcr to get into the latitude of j4 or 5 ( 
 deg. Capt. Cook'i intention being to crofi thii valt 
 ocean in thefc parallel, hoping by this courfc to pafi 
 over thofe paru, which, the precedins fummcr, were 
 left unexplored. On the lath, A. NlTwe were in la- 
 titude 41 deg. 13 min. 30 fee. S. and in 176 deg. 41 
 inin.E. fongitude, whcnwefaw an uncommon fith'tt'che 
 whale kind ; and, in the afternoon, the Pintado i'e- 
 terels began to appear. On the nth, at fcvcn in the 
 evening, ue hauled up toward* a log bank, which we 
 took for land 1 after which wc ftecred S. K. by S. 
 and faw a feal. At noon, by obfervation, wc found 
 Our latitude to be 44 deg. 3$ min. S. longitude 177 
 deg. 31 min. E. On the 14th, we faw another fcal in 
 tititude 45 deg. 54 min. and 179 deg. 29 min. K. long. 
 On the 1 5 th, having palTcd the great merid i.nn of 1 8odcg. 
 E. which divides the globe into two equal parts, we be- 
 gan to reckon our longitude weft of Greenwich. At 
 noon our latitude obfcrved was 49 deg. 33 min. longi- 
 tude 1 7j deg. 3 1 min. W. On "1 hurlilay the 1 7th, wc 
 faw a (eal, fome penguins, .ind pieces of fca weed. 
 On the 1 9th we were in latitude 53 deg. 43 min. .ind on 
 the 20th, at noon, in latitude 54 deg. 8 miii. longi- 
 tude 162 deg. 18 min. W. Monday, the 21ft, we 
 fteered S. E. by S. and at noon wc faw abund»nce of 
 blue petercis, in latitude 55 deg. 31 min. longitude i6o 
 deg. 29 min. On the :2d, at noon our latitude by ob- 
 fervation was 55 dig. 48 min. longitude 156 dig. 56 
 min. W. In the afternoon, having a light brcc/.e at S. S. 
 E. we ftecred caft, northerly ; and, in the night, uas a 
 faint appearance of the Aurora .Vuftralis. On the 
 Bjd, we were in latitude 55 deg. 46 min. .S. longitude 
 156 deg. 13 min. VV. when a trcfh gale bkw from the 
 weft, and we fteered now E. half N. Oii the 26th, we 
 were in latitude 55 deg. 8 min. S. and in 148 deg. 10 
 min. W. longitude. 
 
 On Sunday, the 27th, wc ftecred caft, having a 
 fteady'frcfti gale; and at noon, were in latitude C5 
 deg. 6 min. S. and in 138 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. 
 In this parallel, not a hope remained of finding any 
 more land in the fouthern PacificOcean. Weretolved 
 therefore to ftcer for the weft entrance of the ftraights 
 of Maghellan, with a view of roafting the fouth lide 
 of Terra del Fuego, round Cape Horn, to the Strait 
 Lc Maire. We tnought this track might be an ad- 
 vantage to navigation and geography, as the world is 
 little acquaintcowith that fhore. In the afternoon we 
 had fqually weather, which carried away our top-gal- 
 lant maft. On the a 8th A. M. the bolt rope of the 
 main top-fail broke, whereby the fail was fplit. The 
 ropes, to our fquarc fails efpecially. are not of a lize and 
 ftrength fufficient to wear out the canvafs. At noon we 
 were in latitude 55 deg. 20 deg. S. and in 134 dec. 
 16 min. W. longitude. On the 29th, the wind abated ; 
 and on the 30th, at 8 o'clock P. M. the wind veering 
 to N. E. wc tacked, and ftood to E. S. E. Wc were 
 now in latitude 55 deg. 22 min. S. and in 128 deg. 4$ 
 nun. W. longitude. Sc\cral albatrolFcs and petercis 
 Were fccn. 
 
 On Thurfday, the ift of December, at 3 o'clock 
 P. M. it fell a calm, but at about feven, we got a wind 
 at S. E. w ith w hich we ftood N. E. On the 5th, a line 
 pale at ff)Uth, enabled us to fteer caft. with very little 
 deviation to the north ; and the wind now altering to 
 S. W. and blowing aft eady gale, we continued to fteer 
 eaft, inclining a little to fouth. At Ttx o'clock in the 
 evening, we v\ere in latitude 53 -^g* ^ min. and in 1 1 5 
 deg. 58 min. W. longitude. On the 6th, we had fome 
 fnow fhowers ; and on Wednefday, the 7th, a fine plcft- 
 fant gale, with fhowers of rain. On the oth, at noon. 
 We found ourfelves by obfervation, in latitude 53 deg, 
 37 iTun. and in 103 deg. 44 min. weft longitude. The 
 wind veered now to N. E. and afterward«, came infen- 
 libly round to the foutii by the E. and S. E. On the 
 I oth we paiTcd a fmali bed of fea weed, in latitude 54 
 , deg. longitude 102 deg. 7 nita. W. On the i ith, wc 
 
 fteered E. half a point N. and on the i jth, at fii in 
 the evening, we were in latitude jj deg. 35 min. Umi- 
 gitudc 95 deg. 5 2 min. W. Many and various liwtHof 
 albatrofrn were hoverina about the fliip. On Mundav, 
 the nth, we had a calm which continued till mid- 
 night, when a breexe from the fouth fixing at weft, we 
 fteered eaft. On the ^4th, in the morning, we found 
 the variation of the compafi to be 13 deg. 35 min. K. 
 in latitude 53 deg. 25 min. kingi'Mdc 87 dig. $3 min. 
 W. which increafcd in I'ucha manner, that on the 1 5th, 
 in the latitude of 53 deg. 30 min. longitude 82 deg. 2 j 
 min. W. it wai 170 E. 'This day wc faw a |xnguini 
 and on the i6th, a fcal, and fome diving petcreU. On 
 Saturday the 17th, the variation incrcaled to 21 deg. 
 38 min. being in latitude 53 deg. 16 min. S. and in 
 75 deg. 9 min. weft longitude. All this day wc fteered 
 caft by north, and eaft half north, under all the fail* 
 wc could carry, in hopes of feeing the land before 
 night t but not making it till tcno'cl(K.k, we fteered 
 ealV, in order to make fur« of falling in with Cape De- 
 feada. Atniidnight wc made thelaml.cxiendiMg liom .V. 
 E. by N. to E.by S. about fixicagues diftant ; u)X)n feeing 
 which we brought to with the fhip's head to the fouth. 
 Having founded, we found fevcntv-five fathoms water, 
 the bottom good. The land before us we < oiicIudeJ 
 to be the welt coaft of Terra del Fuego, near the \ulk 
 entrance of the ftraights of Maglu-Ilan. This beitiK 
 the firft run made by Capt. Cook in a high fouthern la. 
 titude, ue have been very particular in noting all the 
 material circumftances we could colled tcgrtner. In 
 this couric the weather had been neither unufually 
 ftormy, nor cold. Before we arrived in the latitude 
 of 50 deg. the mercury in the thermometer fell gradu- 
 ally from fixty to fifty ; and in the latitude of 5 5 deg. 
 it was generally l)etween fbrty-feven and forty-live; 
 once or twice it fell to forty-three. Thclic ohlcrva- 
 tions were made at noon. Wc had now entirely left 
 the fouthern Pacific CXrean, and we tnift the world 
 will give our captain fome credit for having well ex- 
 
 Klored the fame j nor could, in our opinion, more have 
 rcn done towards obtaining that end, in one voyage, 
 than h.is been cffedled in this. We muft not omit to 
 obferve, that foon after we left New Zealand, Mr. 
 Wales contrived, and fixed up an inftrument, which 
 mcafiired with giv.it accuracy, the angle the ftiip rolled 
 in, when failing large, and in a great fea ; and that in 
 which <hr lay down, or heeled, when failing upon a 
 wind. The grcatcif angle he obferveil the Kefulution 
 to roll, the fea at the time not being unufually high, 
 was 38 deg. 
 
 On Sunday, the 1 8th, we made fail, and fteered S. 
 E. by K. along the coaft. Near a league from the 
 main is a high ragged ifle, which we called Landtiill. 
 At four o'clock A. M. wc were N. and S. of the high 
 land of Cape TX-feada, diftant nine leagues ; but faw 
 none of the low rocks laid to lie off it. I'his cape lies 
 in latitude C3 deg. S. and in 74 deg. 40 min. W. lon- 
 gitude. We continued to range the coaft, and at eleven 
 o'clock, we palled a projecting point, having a round 
 furfacc, and of confiderabte height, to which we gave 
 the name of Cape Glouceftcr. It has the appearance 
 of an itland, and is fttuated S. S. E. half E. fcvcntecii 
 leagues from the ifle of Landfall. Between thefc th« 
 coaft forms two bays, ftrewed with rocky illots, rock.s, 
 and breakers. The coaft appeared unconnected, as if 
 formed of a number of ifiands. 'I he land is very 
 mountainous, rocky, and barren, but in fome places, 
 covered with tufts of wood, and ptchcsof fnow. Erom 
 Cape Glouceftcr. the dircetion of the coaft is nearly 
 S. E. but to Cape Noir, for which wc fteered, the 
 courfc is S. S. E. At noon Cape Glouceftcr bore north, 
 diftant eight miles, and the moft advanced point of 
 land bore S. E. by S. diftant fcvcn leagues. At three 
 o'clock wc paffed Cape Noir, fituated in latitude (4 
 deg. 30 min. S. and in 73 deg. 33 min. W. longitude. 
 When at a diftance, the land of the cape appeared to 
 be an ifland disjoined, but upon a nearer ajmroach we' 
 found it connected by a low neck of land. "Two rocks 
 lie at the poiot of the Ca))e, the one pf^inted like a 
 fugarJo«C ttK odKr not fo high, with a rounder (iir- 
 ' . ^ facea 
 
 Jf 
 
S-^toMnakingT^ot'f'rMi in the Soutb Seas 6c Round the IFor/S. 183 
 
 ftcci tnd two leaguci from th« Cape are two rocky 
 iflott, S. by E. After ptfllng there lad, we eroded the 
 great bay of St. Barbara, fteerina E. S. E. The land 
 at the bottom of it, which we juft perceived, could not 
 be ler* than feven leaguct otf. We obferved a rpace, 
 in the direction of E, N. E. from Cape Noir, where not 
 any land wai to be fecn : this nuv be the channel of 
 St. Barbara, which opens into the itraightiof Maghel. 
 Ian, ai mentioned by Frazier 1 with wnofe defcription 
 we found the cape to agree very well. 
 
 On the 19th, at two o'clock A. M. w« pafTcd the S. 
 E. point of the bay of St. Barbara, which the Captain 
 called Cape Defoiation, on account of the country near 
 
 it, being the moft defolate and barren that ever was 
 
 fcen. It lies in latitude u deg. $51 
 
 deg. I a min. W. longitutie. To the call of the Cape 
 
 about four leagues, and at the nwuth of a deep inlet, 
 is a pretty large idand, and fome others lefi confidcra- 
 ble. In latitude $5 deg. 10 min. S. wc were three 
 leagues from an iltand, which Capt. Cook named OiU 
 bcrt llle, after his martcr. lu (urface is compofed of 
 feveral unequal peaked rocks, nearly of the lame height 
 with the ttW of the coad S. E. of this ide are breakers, 
 and fume fmallcr iilands. Scarcely any profped can 
 appear with a more barren and favage afpetA, than the 
 whole of this country ; which is compofed of rocky 
 mountains, \«ithout a fuigle trace of vegetation to en- 
 liven or vary the f i ie. The mountains of the coafl 
 terminate in horrible precipices, whofc craggy fummits 
 tower to a vaft height j and thofc that are inland arc 
 covered with fnowi but the former are not. The firl^ 
 we judged to belong to the main of Terra del Fuc^o, 
 and the lail to he il1:iiHi.H, which to appearance fortiicd a 
 coad. Having made a lliort trip to the fouth, we Hood 
 in tor land, the nearcfl point of which in fight, bore 
 cad ten leagues. It is a lofty promontory, E. S. K. 
 fram Gilbert Ifie, in latitude 5c deg. 26 min. S. and 
 in 70 deg. 25 min. W. longitude. From our prcfcnt 
 point of view, it terminated in two high towers, and 
 within them, a hill fhaped like a fugar loaf. To this 
 rock we gave the name of York MinRer. To the well- 
 ward of this head land.abou: two leagues, we difcovered 
 a kirge inlet, the weft point of which we fetched in with ; 
 and tacked in 41 fathoms water, not more than half a 
 league from the fliore. To the wcftward of this inlet 
 we faw another, with feveral iflands at its entrance. 
 
 On Tuefday the 20th, we perceived the fliip to drive 
 off the fhore out to fea; which wc attributed to a cur- 
 rent i for by the melting of the (how, the inland waters 
 will occafion a dream to run out of moft of thcfe in- 
 lets. In the evening, a breeze ("pringing up at li. by S. 
 wc ftood in for the land, being deflrous of entering one 
 of the many ports, in order to take a view of the coun- 
 try, and to recruit our iloi k of wood and water. In 
 f^anding in for an opening, ipparently on the caft fide 
 of York Minftcr, wc foun. od in 40 and 60 fathoms 
 water. Our laft foundings were nearly between 
 the two |H)]nts that form the entrance to the inlet, 
 which we obllrved to branch out into two arms. We 
 ftood for that to the caft, as being ticar of iflots ; but 
 upon founding, found no bottom with a line of an 1 20 
 fathoms. In this difagrceable ficuation a bceezc fpring- 
 ingup. our captain refolvcd to (land up the inlet ; but 
 night approaching, our fafety depended on calling 
 anchor, wc therefore continued founding, but always, to 
 our mortification, in an unfathomable depth. Wc 
 now hauled up under the caft-fide of the land, aad 
 feeing a fiiiall cove, fent the boat a-head to found, 
 while we kept with the ftiip as near the Ihore as pof- 
 fiblc. The boat ibon returned with the information 
 wc wifhed for, and wc thought ourfeives happy, whc'n 
 we had anchored in 30 fathoms, in a bottom of fimd 
 and broken fiiells. 
 
 On the 2 1 ft, a party was fent out with two boau, to 
 look for a more fccure ftation. They found a cove 
 above the point under which the fhip lay, in which was 
 exceeding good anchorage. At the head of it wu a 
 ftoncy beach, a valley covered with wood, and a ftrcam 
 of frefti water; conveniences nwre favourable than we 
 could expe<a would be found in fuch a place, Here 
 3 
 
 alfu thev (hot three gcefc out of four. Orders were now 
 difpatcned by Lieut. CIcrke to remove the rtiip into 
 this place, and we proceeded with Capt. Cook in the 
 other boat, farther up the inlet. We now diftovertvJ, 
 that the land we were under, which di«ioincd the two 
 arms, as mentioned before, was an ifland, at the north 
 end of which the two channels united. Wc returned on 
 board, and found everything in readimft to wci^hj 
 which was done, and all (he Mats fent out to tow the 
 fliip round the point 1 but a light breeze fpringing up, 
 we were obliged to drop the anchor again, left the lliip 
 fhould fall upon the point. However, we loon alter 
 got round this under our ftay-faili, and anthorvd in 
 20 fathoms water. We were now fliut in from the 
 fea by the point above-mentioned, which was in one 
 with the extremity of the inlet to the eaft. Our dif- 
 tancc from ftiore was not more than a third of a milcj 
 and iflots off the next point above us, covered the lliip 
 from the N. W. from which quarter the wind had the 
 
 !(reatcft force. All hands were immediately employed : 
 (jiTie to clear a place to fill waterj fome to tut wood, 
 and others to pitch a tent, for the reception of a 
 euard, and Mr. Wales could find no better ftation for 
 his obfervatory than the top of a rock, not exceeding 
 nine feet over. 
 
 On Thurfday the 2 ad, two parties were fent out, 
 one to examine and draw a (ketch of the channel, on 
 the other fide of the ifiand, and the Captain, attended 
 by the botanifts, to furve^ the northern (ide of the 
 found. In our way to this latter place, wc landed on 
 the point of a low ide covered with herbage, feveral 
 fpots of which had been lately burnt ; thefe, with a hut 
 we difcovered, werefigns that people were in the neigh- 
 bourhood. From hence we proceeded round the call 
 end of Burnt Ifland, over to what we fuppofcd to be the 
 main land of Terra del I'ucgo. where we difcovered a 
 fine harbour, furrounded by high rocks, down which 
 fjlided many purling ftreams. and at their feet were 
 fome tufti of trce.i, very fit for fuel. Capt. Cook 
 named this harbour the Devil's Bafon. It is divided into 
 tvvo parts, an inner and an outer one j and the com- 
 munication between them is by a narrow channel five 
 fathoms lieep, V/e found at one time 1 7 in the outer 
 bafon. and 2j in the inner one. This laft is ftiaded 
 from the fun in his meridian fplendor, and, though 
 veryfecurc, ii intolerably gloomy. The outer harbour 
 has niit fo much of this inconvenience, is equally fale, 
 and rather more commodious. It lies about a mile 
 dirtant from the eaft end of Burnt Ifland. in the direc- 
 tion north. Wc difcovered other harbours to the weft 
 of this, and found wood for fuel, and frefti water, in 
 or near them all. Before one was a ftream of frefh 
 water, which came out of a large lake, continually fup- 
 plicd by a falling cafcadc. The whole country is a 
 barren rock, except the fire wood which grows here, 
 and what we faw of it aflfords no other vegetation of 
 any kind. But to compenfatc for this dreary fcene of 
 fterility, about the fea coaft, the all-bountiful God of 
 nature has fcattercd many laiRc and finall, but fruitful 
 low iflands, the foil of which is a black rotten turf, 
 compofed of decayed vegetables. On one of thcfe wc 
 faw feveral hurs that had lately been inhabited. Near 
 them was a gtod deal of celery ; wc put as much as 
 we could conv .niently ftow in our boat, and at feven 
 o'clock in the evening wc reiurned on board. During 
 our abfence a fatal accident had befallen one of our 
 marines, who had not been feen fince 1 1 o'clock the 
 preceding night. We fuppofed he had fallen over- 
 board, and was drowned. In this excurfion wc fliot 
 only one duck, three fliags, and about the fame number 
 of rails or fea-pies. The other part)-, among whom 
 were Lieutenants Clerkc and Pickerfgill. returned on 
 board fome hours before us. On the weft-fide of the 
 other channel, they difcovered a large harbour and one 
 finallcr, of both which they took (ketches. 
 
 On the 23d, Lieut. Pickerfgill went out to examine 
 the eaft fide of the found, while the Captain proceeded 
 in the pinnace to the wcft-iide, with a view of going 
 round the ifland under which the (hip lay, which he 
 g41ed Shag Ifland i and in order to take a furvey of 
 
 th« 
 
 i! 
 
 
 i:\ 
 

 ■)' ' 
 
 w 
 
 the p.iff.ipe Ic.iilmj id tUv lurlxnim mir t*t> liriitciunn 
 hail (lirdivcrtti tlic il.iy hclbri-. IT romiiiLf trom (i.i, 
 it ii iifi vdarv ti) liMvc all the riKki ami ill.iiuN, !> in^ otl 
 nnd Mithitt York MinlKr, on thi- larlHianl-lKli', iiii.l the 
 W.Kk rrxk, olK the foiuh-rnil of Shaj; Kl.uul, im tin- 
 |hrl)«iaiil. Wlu-n ahrtaH n» iho foiith-ciul ol that 
 illaml, Mthaiiiiil t)viT (or the \w(l (liorc, taking laro 
 to avoid the hiilx of « ceili, itulicationi iit r«K k», Ionic 
 of which Wire li fathomi umkr -vatcri but wi- thoiifjlu 
 it the fa fell wav always to keep clear of them. 'I he 
 entrance into the larf;e harliour, which wc called Poit 
 Clerk, is to the north of fomc low rw ks, lyiiii!; oil a 
 point on SIur Illanil. This harlioiir lies in \V . by S. 
 a mile and a half. Ir hath wiwd and frefli water, and 
 from 12 to 14 fathoiiKs deep. To the fouthward of 
 port Clerk, feeined to be another harbour, l<)riiicil by a 
 lar^^c illand ; without this, between it and York MinlUr, 
 the whole fea appeared Ihewed w ith illots, roi ks, anvi 
 breakers. At tlic fouth end o( Sha),' Ifland the lliaj^s 
 breed in vaft numbers, in the cliU's of the roi ks. VVe 
 fliot fomc of the old ones, but could not come at the 
 young ones, whjch arc bv much the b»ll caring,. We 
 likew ifc brought dow n three w ild geefe, a raluable acqui- 
 fition at this tmie. \\'e returned and got on board at 
 feven o'clock in the evening. Mr. I'ickerlgill, who had 
 jufl l)efore arrived, inlormed us, that the landoppolite 
 loourllation is an illand j that on another, more to 
 the north, he found many terns eggs; and ina<ove 
 between that and the fall Head, he had (hot onegoofe, 
 and got fbme young gollings. 
 
 t)n Saturday the :4th, twofporting parties went over 
 one of the N. K. lide of the illand above mentioned, 
 which was named (loofe Illand; and the other, accom- 
 panied by Capt. Cook, went by the .S. W. lide. When 
 under the illand we had plenty of fport, havin;^ Ihot 
 as many gecfe as fervcd for a Chriilmas meal tor our 
 iiu'n,\vhich proved much more agreeable to them than 
 fait beef and pork. Wc all returned heartily tired, by 
 climbing over the rocks, when we had landed, in pur- 
 I'uit of our game. In the fouth of the illand were 
 abundance of gc.fc, it being their moulting feafon, 
 wlicn moft of them come on lliore, and arc not dif- 
 pol'id totly. Our party got lixty-two, and Mr. I'ickerf 
 gill, with his aUbciatcs i'ourteen. Plenty of lliags were 
 fien in the cove, but v\e proceeded without fpcnding 
 time or lliot upon them. Wc were informed by our 
 people on board, that a number of natives, in nine 
 1 aivHS, had been along-lidc, and fomc of them in the 
 llii}); they fecineil well .uiiuaintcd with Europeans, and 
 hail feveral of their knives among them. 
 
 On the :3ih, being Chriltmas-day, wc had another 
 %irittioin them. They ap[>earcd to be of the fame 
 r.uion, wc h.iii formerly fccn in Succefs Bay; and which 
 M. de Hmigainvillc calls Pecharas, bccaufe they con- 
 tinuiUy ui'ed thi.s word. They are a diminutive, ugly, 
 half-rtarveil, beardlefs race; almoft naked, being only 
 lliihtly covered with a feal-lkin or twojoined together, 
 lb as to make a cloak, which reached to their knees ; 
 but thegreatttV part of them had but one Ikin, which 
 fcartelv covered their Ibouldcrs, and all their lower 
 
 t)arrs were quite naked. The women arc clothed no 
 letter than the men, except that they cover their nakcd- 
 nels with a feal-lkin H.ip. They arc inured from their 
 infan( y to cold and luirdiliips, lor wc faw two young 
 chililien at the breall entirely naked. They remained 
 all the tmie in their canoes, having their bows and ar- 
 rows with them, and haipiwns, made of bone, with 
 which wc imagined, they llrike and kill fifli. Both 
 they and their cloaths finclt niofl intolerably of train 
 oil. Wc threw them fome bifcuit, but they fccmcd 
 inuch better pleafed with our prefents of medals, knives, 
 &c. Their canoes were made of bark, and on each 
 of them was a lire. They had alfo large fcal hides, 
 which may fervc is covering to their huts, on iliore, in 
 foul weather. Tlu y all departed before dinner, nor did 
 wc believe, any one invited them to partake of our 
 Chriftmas cheer, which confillcd of gcefe, roalV and 
 boiled, goofc-pyc, ivc. a treat little known to us; and 
 which was heightened by Madeira wine, the only article 
 of our provifjons that was mended by keeping. Pqr- 
 I 
 
 haps our liiendj in l'",iigland did mif <e!ebr.ifr < hrilK 
 mas more i hrarflilly than we did 1 and, with fii, h furf 
 It would have bfiii a real dil'j()pointiiunt, to liavr had 
 our .ippd lies Ipoiled, by thedirty peil(i(i> ofihol'e filthy 
 people, and by ibe (Kin h the) always tarried about 
 them. Wc called this place Chrillmas Sound, in ho- 
 noiirof the day, and the joyful tWlival wc had cr hbrainl 
 here. On the jfith, wc wcre.igain vilitcd by fome of 
 the natives, and as it was vefy i old in the evening, and 
 thrv 'h)ol lliivering on tht deck, the i aiitain lioiii an 
 impulleof humanity, gave thcin fon»c old canvas and 
 Iwi/e ((»r covering. 
 
 On Tiulday the ayth, every thing on (liort: was or- 
 dered on U)ard. '!"he weather Ixing (ine and plcal'ant, 
 aoartynl us went round by the lotith lide of tiool'c 
 Kland aiul picked 110 )i of thcic kind of birds. On 
 the call- lide of the illand, 1 1 thcnoith of the call point, 
 Is a good pIa(T for (hips to lay in thut are bound lor 
 the well. When we returned o'l Ihurd, we (()und all 
 the work doni-, and the laiimh in, fo that we no.v 
 only waited lor a fair wind to put to lea. Thecntr.incc 
 of Chrlllinas Sound, whn h vie exin> ftil loon to ItaVe, 
 IS three leagiies wide, and fiiiunted in latitude 51; deji;. 
 2-) min. S. and in 70 deg. i6min. W. longituile 1 in 
 the direction of north _{•/ dig. W. from Si. JldelonUi 
 nil s, ilillant I o leagues. We think thefe illcs to be the 
 l)t U land mark (or (inding the found. It is advifeabic 
 (or no one to anchor very near the (bore, (or we gene- 
 rally (bund there a rocky bottom. The rel'rellinuius to 
 be procureil at this place are wild ll)wl, very good 
 celery; and plenty of mufcles, not larpc, but well tailed. 
 The gecfe are fmaller than our I'.nglilli tame ones, but 
 eat as well as the bell of them. The gander is all 
 white; the female fpottcil with black anil wliiie, with 
 a large white Ipot on each wing. Here is alii) a kind 
 of duck, vvhii h our people called the race-horfe, on 
 account of its fwiftnels on the water, (or the wings be- 
 ing too lliort to fupport the liody in the air, it i annot 
 (ly. We believe, (roin certain circumltanccs, the peo- 
 ple do not live here throughout the whole of the wiiuer- 
 (calon, but retire to parts where the weather is Icf* 
 (cvere. To appearance, they arc the moll wictilKd of 
 all the natives wc have fccn. Thev live in an inhofpi- 
 table clime, and do not feem to have fagncity enough 
 to proviile thcmfelves with the comlorts of life, parti- 
 cularly in the article of cloathing. Barren as this coun. 
 try is, our botanills found therein many unknown ])lani>. 
 In the woods is the tree which produccth the winter's 
 bark ; alfo the holly-leaved barberry ; and jilenty of 
 berries, whii h we called cranberry; with many other 
 forts comiiu>n in ihefe llraits. 
 
 On Weilnefday the 28th, we failed from this found, 
 with a light luee/cat N. W. At noon Point Nativitv, 
 being the call |)art of the found, bore N. hall W. dil- 
 tant one league and a half. M'c lleered S. I',, by E. 
 and I'.. S. v.. till (bur o'clock, P. M. w hen wc hauled to 
 the fouth, lor the fake of a nearer view of St. Ildcfonlb. 
 The coall appeared indented as iifual, and at this tiiiu; 
 wc were abreall of an inlet lying I*".. S. K. At the well 
 [joint of this are two high peaked hills, and below tlicm, 
 to the call, two round ones, or fmall illes, in the iluec- 
 tion of N. K. and S. W. from each other. At halt pall 
 five o'clock, we had a good light of IMetonlb Illes. 
 Thefe are (ituatcd about (ix leagues from the main, in 
 latitude 55 deg. 53 min. S. and in 69 ikg. 41 min. NV . 
 longitude. We now rcfumcd and continued our 1 ourfc 
 to thecal^. At fun-fctthc ncarell land bore S. I„by I., 
 three fourths E. and the well point ofNallhu U.u, dif- 
 covered by Admiral Hermite in if) 24, bore 1101 th 80 
 deg. E. (ix leagues diflant. This jioinr, in fome < iiart», 
 is called Falfe Cape Horn, as being the foiitlu rn (xunt 
 of Terra del Fuego. It lies in latitude 5 ; deg. (v "im. 
 S. From the above mentioned inlet to this (aile i ape, 
 the diredUon of the coall is nearly E. hall a point S. 
 dillant 14 or 15 leagues. 
 
 On the 29th, at three o'clock .'* . M. wc (leered S. I-"., 
 byS. at four Cape I lorn, (or which we now made fail, 
 bore E. by S. at a didancc it is known by a round bifh 
 hill over it; and though to the V\'. N. W. there is .t 
 point not unlike thij, yet their lituation.s will always 
 
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COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— tor mMng Di/ioveri,-j in the Sout/jScas & Round the IVortJ. j 8 j 
 
 be fufficient to diftinguifh the one from the other. At 
 half part fcven we palfcd this cape, and entered the 
 Southern Atlantic (Xean. Two peaked rocks are on 
 the N. W. fide of the cape, refembling fugar loaves ; 
 alfo other low ftraf?};linff rocks to the weft, and one 
 fouth of it. From Chriftmas So*md to this Cape, the 
 courfc is E. S. K. one fourth E. dirtant 31 Icaj^uw. 
 The rocky imint three leagues from Cape Horn, in the 
 direction E. N. E. we called Miftakcn Cape. It is 
 the fouthern txiint of the eaftcrnmort of Hermite Klos. 
 There ieenjcd to be a padage between thcll- two capes 
 into NafTau Bay. In this paflage fome iflcs were fc-cn, 
 and on the wcrt fide, the coaft had the appearance of 
 forming good bays and harbours. In fome charts Cape 
 Horn is laid down as part of a linal! illand, which we 
 had not in our power to confirm or comradii!:t, as th* 
 hazy weather londcrod every objei-'t indiftinct. From 
 hence we fteered E. by N. half N. without the rorks 
 that lie off Miftaken Cape. Having palfid thofe, we 
 rteered N. E. half E. and N. !•'.. tor Strait le Maire. 
 At eight o'clock in the cvcniii;;. finding oiirfelves nr.\t 
 the Itrait, we fliortened fail, and hauled the wind. 
 The fugar-loaf on Terra del Fuc>;o l»ore north w\ deg. 
 W. the |ioint ofSucccfs Bay jull open of the cape ot 
 rtie fame n.une, bearing north 20 deg. F". 
 
 On the .}oth, during the calm, we were driven by 
 
 tl c current over to Staten IjiuI ; b' •. a light bree/.c 
 
 fpringing up at N. N. W. we (lood over for .Succcfs 
 
 Bay. We hoi(lcd our colours, and having lu'f )re firrd 
 
 two guns, we perceived a fmokc rif • ou": of the wrtoiis, 
 
 Mude by then.itives above the fouth point of the lny, 
 
 which was the plnce where they rcfideil wlu-n we were 
 
 here in 1769. A party was now fent into .Sucrefs B.iy, 
 
 in order todifcovcr if any traces of the .\dvfnture were 
 
 to be feen there ; but they returned without having 
 
 found any. Oiir Ihip's name, ivc. were written on a 
 
 card, and nailed to a tree which llooil near the place 
 
 where it was likely the Aiheniurc would water, fliould 
 
 flic be behind us, and put into this place. When Mr. 
 
 Pickcrfgiil landed, the natives received him and his 
 
 aolfciates with great courtcfy. They were clothed in 
 
 feal Ikins, had bracelets on their arms, ;.nd ajipcarcd to 
 
 be the fame kind of people we had ken in Chrilbnas 
 
 Sound. The bracelets were made of lilvcr wire, wrought 
 
 fomcwhat like the hilt of a fword, and no doubt, the 
 
 workmanlhip of an J'.unipean. .Aci dniing to Vfr. 
 
 Fickerfjriir.s rci>orr, the hay w.as full of while- uul 
 
 feals, and we had ohfervcd the Catne in the llrair, p.ir- 
 
 ticularly on the Terrel del Fuego fide, where the w hales 
 
 are exceeding numerous. H.ivmg now explored the 
 
 fouth coall of Terra del I-ucgo, we refolved to do 
 
 the fame by Staten l.and. At nine oMock rhewin.l 
 
 veering to N. W. wc t.i< ked, and rtooil to S. W. 
 
 On Saturday the 3 ill in the morn iig, we Ix)it up 
 foithecaft cud olStaten Land; which, ar half p.ill four 
 iKire f«)uth 6ode<.v F. the weft end fouth : deg. F.. an J 
 I'l ira del Fuego ii)urh 40 deg. W. The weather being 
 ha/y, we couUl only now and then get light oF the 
 coal! ; but as wead's.mced to the rail, feveral illands 
 were fien ot' iuu\|iial extent. We were abreaft of the 
 moft eallern one at eight o'clock, .\. .M. wlim we 
 waited ti)n)e time for dear Wv-ather : but .is it f'ld not 
 clear up as we wilhed, we hauled round the eait end ot 
 the ifland, for the fake of aiu horage, if we Ihould think 
 it neiclFary. We were now dillaiir trom the iflc two 
 miles, and founding timnd only :.; fathoms water. As 
 wc continued our courJe, wt fa« on this ifland a gre.it 
 number ot feals ami birds, a Itrong temptation to our 
 iK-opIc whi) were in want offielh provifionsi and in 
 hauling round it, we had a llrong ra( e of a i iirrent, like 
 unbroken water. At length, alter filhing lorthe'bcft 
 ground, wc (aft anchor in : t fathoms water, about a 
 mile from the illaml, whieh extended from north iS 
 d.-g. E. to N. 55 deg. and halfW. The weather 
 .laving foon after cleared up, we had a fight of i ape St. 
 John, or the cart end of Staten Land, bearing fouth 
 75 dog. E. diftant four leagues. Ihe ifland Iheltered 
 u» from the north wind, and Staten Land from the 
 UKith. The other ifles lay to the weft, and fecured us 
 from the north wind ; yet wc were not only own to 
 
 the N. F-. and V.. but to the N. W. winds. We might 
 have avoided this fituation, by anchoring more to the 
 weft, but the Captain was dcdrous of being near the 
 illand, and of having it in his |>owerto get to fea with 
 any wind. In the afternoon a large party of us land- 
 ed, fome to kill feals, and others birds or filh. The 
 iftand was fo ftocked with the former, which made fuch 
 a continual bleating, that wc might have thought our- 
 felves in Effex, or any other country where cows and 
 calves are in abundance. Upon examination we found 
 thcfc animals different from feals, though they refein- 
 bledthcm in Ibiipc and motion. The male having a 
 great likencfs to a lion, we called them on that account 
 lioss. Wc alfo found of the fame kind as the New 
 Zealand feals. and tliefe we named fea-bears. We 
 ftiot fome of the large ones, not thinking it fafe to go 
 near them ; though, in general, they were fo tame, iliat 
 we knocked fome down with our ftii ks. Here were a 
 few gcel'e and ducks, and abuiulanre ot penguins 
 and fti.igs i the latter of which had joung ones ahnoil" 
 fledged, confeiiutntly '\\\\\ to our tafle. In the even iij.' 
 ourpartv rcuirned fuf^itien.ly laden with proMtions uj 
 various ibrts. 
 
 On the I fl of January, being Sunday, Mr. Gilbert 
 was fent out to Staien Lmd, in fearch of . .^ 
 a goiKl harbour, nothing morelifing want- ' ' ' '^' 
 ing, in the opinion of ("aptain Cook, to make this place 
 a good port for fbip.i to touch at for rclrelluiunts. 
 Another party went to bring on bnjid the lieafis wc 
 Iwd killed the preceding day. l he old lion* aiij 
 beaiTi were good lor nothing but their blubbei, ot'whu li 
 we made odi but the tiefh ol'lhe yoiini; ones wc liked 
 xery well: even the Helh of the old lionelici was 
 not much amil's; but that of the old iiuilcs was ah 1- 
 iiiinable. Captain Cook took an (bleivation of the 
 fun's meridian altitude (his height at noon) at the 
 N. E. end of this illand, which determined Its latitude 
 at 54deg. 40min. 5 fee. S. Havin;^ llmt a few gecic, 
 lijme other birds, and fuppliedouri'clvesplentifully with 
 young ftiags, wc returned on board in the evening. 
 About ten 01 lock the party rtttirned from Staten l.and, 
 where they t()und a good port, in the direction of 
 north, a little callerly, from the N. E. end of the 
 FjOern Illand. and diftant three leagues t ) tiic well- 
 ward of Cape St. John. The marks whereby it may 
 be known, arc fomcfmall iflands lying in the entrance. 
 The channel, which is on the call fide of thefc iflands, 
 IS half a mile broad. The courfe is in S. W. by S. turn- 
 ing gradually to W. by S. and W. The harbour is 
 almoll two miles long, and near one broad. The 
 bottom is a mixture of mud and fand, and hath in it 
 from I o to 50 fathoms water. I lere are feveral Ilrcams 
 of fredi water, with good wood for fuel. On this illand 
 are an innumerable number of fea-giills, the air was 
 quite darkened with them, upon being difturhed oyour 
 people ; and when they rofe up, wc were almofl fuf- 
 loAted with Uieirdung, which they feeined to emit by 
 way of defence; and it Hunk worfe than what is vul- 
 garly called Uevil's-duni'. This port was named New- 
 Year's Harbour, fmm tiie day on wliich it was dif- 
 ( overcd,and is ceininly a v<ry convenient one lor lliij)- 
 ping, bound to the weft, or round Cape Horn. It is 
 true, ftiips cannot put to fea with an ealltrly or north- 
 erly wind ; but thcfc winds art 1 \er known to be of 
 lonj contiiuiaiue, and thofe lnv . the fouth or weft 
 quarters are the imift pievailing. 
 
 Onl'uef lay the jd, wc weighed juidllood forCapc St. 
 John, which, in the eveninj', bore N. by E. diftant four 
 miles. This vapc, lieing the e.ifteni point of Staten 
 l.and. ■ a rock of confidcrable height, Itiuated in lati- 
 tude 54 deg. 4fimin. S.and in 64 iSca. 7 min. W. longi. 
 tudc, having a nx ky tflot lying tloTe under the iiortli 
 point of it. To the wellward of the cafe is an inlet, 
 which fcemcd to communicate with tin fta to the 
 fouth I and between this and the cape is a b.i/. 1 faving 
 doubled the cape, we hauled up along the Joutti coaft. 
 At noon Cape St. John bore north io deg. E diftant 
 abtmt three leagues: Cape St. Bartholomew, or the 
 S. W. point of Staten Land, fouth 8j drg. W . two high 
 detached rocks north 80 deg. W. By ohfervation 
 J A our 
 
 i:m 
 
 . I?! 
 
 \ 
 
 •A. 
 
 
 v; 
 
 H' 
 
 
 :r;S'.f 
 
 *f^ 
 
iS6 
 
 Capt. C O O K '8 VOYAGES C O M P L E r E. 
 
 ' III 
 
 ':• I 
 
 our l.uiiiidc was lound to be 54 ilcjj. 56 min. S. Wc 
 now uulgcil this land to have been fiiflkiintly cx- 
 ploial ; but before we leave it, think it neceHhry to 
 make a lew obl'trvations on thiss and its neighbouring 
 itlands. 
 
 'Ihe S. W. loaft of Terra del luego, with rtfpcCt 
 n> inlets aiul illands, may be compared to the loall of 
 Nor«a\ i tiir we believe wiihin the extent of three 
 leagues there is an inlet or harlwiir, which will re- 
 ceive and llKliir the liift rale lliips ; but, till thefe 
 .ire belter know 11 cm ry navigator iiuill, as it were, lilh 
 lor anchorage: add to this, there are feveral roiks on 
 thecoall; though a» none lie (ar from land, the ap- 
 proach to iluiu niay 111- l.nown by founding, if they 
 cannot be Iceii; fo that u|)en the whole, we cannot 
 think thi^ the dangcrocs mall it has been reprefented by 
 other sova-'ieis. Staii'ii land is thirty miles in length, 
 and neaiK twelve broad. Its furfaee eonlillsofcraj'gy 
 hills, touring up to a v.ilt height, efpccially near the 
 well end, ami the coall is rotky. 'Ihe grcatell part ol 
 tlie hills, theii luiiiiuiia excepted, is covered with tieis 
 ihriibs, and herbage. We cannot fay any thing, that 
 navigators iiiav dcpenil on, concciniiig the tides and 
 tiirrents on thel'e coalls ; but we oblerved ilut in 
 Strait l.e \I;<ire, the foutherly title, or current, begins 
 to act at the new and lull moon about lour o'i1(h k. It 
 nv4v alio be-of ule to our (oniinaiulers to remark, that 
 if bound round Cape I lorn to the well, and not in 
 want ol aiiv tluig that tinght make it necelliuN 10 put 
 into port, in this cafe, we would advife iluin not to 
 ((Vine iK.ir the land; a> b) keeping out to li.i, ihiy 
 vouKl avoid the cuncnts. whuh, we are coiuiin cd, 
 lofc their ftiice at twelve Icaguis tiom land ; aiul at .1 
 greater d;llaiue they would (ind none to iinpide tlicir 
 coinfe. We woulil jull atld to thefe nautii ai oblirva- 
 t;on>, that all the time of our being upon the loall, we 
 had I'loie calms than (lorms ; the winds were v.uiahle ; 
 nor ilkl we i\i-.erieiKe any feverecold weather. 'Ihc 
 mercurv in the thermometer, at nocm, wa^ never below 
 /)ti deg. and iluring our llav inlhrillmas Sound, it vv.i^ 
 gciierallv aliove temperate. 
 
 The illand we landed on, ami the fame mav be fait! 
 of tlic ncighliouiing illes, is very unlike Staten land. 
 lt> furfaee i-. ofei.|ual height, having anelevationoi iliiii\ 
 or tortv feet above the lea, from whuh it is fceiired by 
 a rockv eoall. It is toveied with fword i;iafs, ol a 
 beautiful ver.lure, and of great kiigth, growing in 
 tulis, on li;t!e hiilorks. .Among ihife are ihetrackN 
 cil fea bears and penguins, by wlmh ihcy retire into 
 the tentre of the ille. 'Ihtfc paths rendered our ex- 
 lurfifliis rather difagreeable. for wc were foiuetimcs up 
 10 our knce< in iiurc. Indeed the whole furfaee i» 
 nioill and wit. I he animals on thisJittle fpot are fea 
 lions, fea biars, a variety ol Ua low Is, and fomc land 
 birds. 'I'lie largell lion we law was liiurteen feet long, 
 and eight or ten in cireumlerence. The back of tlie 
 head, the net k aiul Ihoulders, arc covered vtith long 
 hair, like tholi of the lion ; the other p.iris <il the 
 bodv withUuit hair, like that of the horfe : the co- 
 lour of both IS a dark brown. The lemale is of a light 
 dun colour, and about half the li/.e of the male. Ihey 
 Jive in herds near the fea-lhore, aiul on the ro. ks. .\.s 
 this was the time tor engendering, and l-iinging forth 
 their young, we law a male with twenty or thiri\ fe- 
 males aliout him, ami he fccnied very delirous of kvi p- 
 ing them all to himfelf, beating off every other maU 
 whoaitcmptnl to approach the Hotk. 'Ihe fea bears 
 arc fmaller than the lions, but tather larger than atom- 
 n-.on fcal. All their hairs are of an ciiual length, fome- 
 ihing like an otter's, and the general loloiir is that of 
 an iron grey. This kind ihe l-'reiuh call fea wolves, 
 and the Ijiglilh feals. Thcv arc, however, ditfercni 
 from thofe in Kurope and North .\uierica. The lioiib 
 too may be called overgrcwn feaU; lor they are all of 
 the fame fjiceits. I'hc haii* of the fea bears are luuch' 
 finer than thofe of lions. They permitted ui to ap- 
 proach very near; but it wcs elangerous to go between 
 fhemand the fea, for if they happerscd to take fright, 
 thev would I ome liovvn in vail numbers, and n.- over 
 thofe who eoulU not get wit of their wav. Ihe^ jre 
 
 lluggilh, (lecpy animals, and downright bullicn; tor 
 if waked out of their flecp they woiihl raile up iheir 
 heads, Inort, fnarl, and look very fieice; but wlicnwc 
 advanced to attack thcni, they always ran awav. 'I hu 
 place abounds with penguins, which ate amjihibioi;- 
 birds, and fo llupid, thit we ( ouKI knockdown a^ 
 many as we pleafed with a Hit k. 'I hey are not vciy 
 g(Hid eating, though wc thought them lo when in wane 
 ol better lare. 'Ihis was probably not their breeding 
 feafon, lor we law neither eggs nor young ones. Here 
 are great numbers of lliags, who build their neils near 
 the edge of the clills, on little hillocks; but a fmalicr 
 kind, which wc law build in the (litis of the rocks. 
 Thegeefe arcof the fame fort as thofe in Chrillmas 
 Soinul, but not in fuch plenty. 'I'hey make a noifc ex- 
 aeilv like a duck. 1 lere are feveral ducks of the fort 
 we called raee-horfes : fomc we Ihot weighed thirty 
 pounds. 'Ihe fea fowls are curlews, gulls, tern, Port 
 I'gnioMi ill lis; and large brown birds, pretty good eat- 
 ing, which we called Nh lirv '.s geefe. The' land birds 
 were eaj.'le:, hawks, thnillns, and Uld-headed vul- 
 tuics, whii Ii our failors named I'lirkev bu//.ards. Two 
 new Ipei 11^ o|' bii\N were here dilcovired by our natu- 
 ralilK. One is the li/e of a pigeon, with a plumage 
 white a- milk, but not web-iooied. \S hen we tirH? 
 law thefe kiml of birds we took tlieni for fnow pc- 
 teiels. but thcv refeiiihic them only in ii/e and ( dlour. 
 Tluy haven VI ry bad I'liiell, owing prohably to their 
 tood Icing llie!l-(itl) ami carrii.n, vtliuh thev pickup 
 along iKoic. I heother lort, ahiioll a^ oig a> a Imoii, 
 rcfemlilc iv.inll vurlews. Their piimag.' is vane.. 
 gainl, tlieir bills long and crooktd, .i;h1 t'leir j)riiH i- 
 j.al loiours ;iie light grev . Ml tlie aiiiii.als ol this 
 iuiie Ipi I live in p( rieci hanuoir. , and I'd 111 laicful 
 not to iliiliirb e.ii h other', trani|u.lli;y. The fea lions 
 pcilltis Uioll of the fea loall j the bears tike up their 
 tjuarteis within the ille; the flags lodge in [he hij'.ialt: 
 ilill>; the [Hiiguins liavi tluii fei'aiate abode where 
 tlicie i.> the moll caly comii.uiiit ation to and liom the 
 fea ; ami the otlur bints have their plates of leCiie- 
 mi nt ; yet we have obtirved tlum all, with muMal 
 iv.-oiu li. nieiu, mi.\ togetlur, like ilomellie cattle ami 
 poiiltiv in a larm-vaul: nay we have fecii il-.e t.ig! ?s 
 .iiul vukure-. li:r:ng together aiioiig tie llwgi, tin iluir 
 liillo' ks, without the lattr;-, either young 01 oKi, beiii;; 
 dilU ilkd at llieir prcfeiii c. 
 
 It will be icMiemlKieil, that wc left Staten llland on 
 the jti, and this day, being W cilnefday the .jth, we faw 
 tl-,e lanti again, at three oclock A. M. and at ti\ i)'..lcn. k 
 in the atternoon a heavy Kjuall came lo fuddeniy upon 
 us, that itcarrietl away a to])-gallant-mall, a lliulding- 
 fail boom, anil a tore lludding-fail. This endeil in a 
 heavy ihower of rain; and we now fleercl S. W. in 
 order to dikovcr the gulph of St. .Seballian, if fuch a 
 eoall ixilteil, in w hu h that gulph h.-is been lepiefenied, 
 Itirof till, we ( iitiitained a doubt; however, this ap- 
 peared to Ik- the bell courfe to t lear it up, and tf> ex- 
 plore the liiuthern part of thisotean. On the ^tli.by 
 obfervation, we were in l.'.titude c,- deg. 1) iiiiii. and 
 5 tleg. : m:n. b'.. longitude from Cape St. John. Cw the 
 6th, at eight o'clock in the evening, we were in lati- 
 tutle 5S deg. 9 min. S. and « j deg. t .) iii'ii. W . the 
 litiiation, nearlv. alTigned for the S. \\ . point of the 
 gulph ol St. .Seballian ; but feeing no ligns of land, wc 
 were Hill tloiilitliil of itscxillcBti ; and fetig alio tear- 
 ful, that bv kte()ing to the louili, we might mils the 
 laml fiidto be difcoveretl bv l.a Koche in i()7s,and by 
 thelhip I I in, in 175,6 ; liir ifele realoi'.s we i-.auled tO 
 the north, in onlcr to get into the parallel laid ilown by 
 Dalrvniple as loon as poliibie. On the ;ih, we were, 
 ncai midnight, in the latitude ol :i> deg. 4 min. S. 
 longitude 5_< tltg. ■{(> min. W. On ilie Sth, at noon, a 
 be.' f fca-wetd palletl the thip ; ami in the afternoon 
 we were in latitude cj deg. 4 min. longitude 51 ileg. 
 45 min. On Mondav, the t^ih, we taw a fcal, and 
 fea-wttd. On the loih, t twooV'ofk A. M. we Ixirc 
 away call, and at eigiit 1.. N. \i. At noon, by obfer- 
 vation. we were in latitude C4 deg. jj nun. S. and in 
 47 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. We had at this time a 
 great tuunbvx 0] albaiiolfts and blue petereis about the 
 f- ftip. 
 
illii's ; lor 
 L' up ilu-ir 
 t wlitn wc 
 ay. 'Ihii 
 iiphibioi: ' 
 
 doMd .1:i 
 
 ; Mi»i vciy 
 .11 in uuiic 
 
 ncs. Here 
 ncils near 
 : a fiiialL-r 
 the rocks. 
 Chiilhiias 
 inoifc ex- 
 )!' the fort 
 Ih'iI tliirty 
 tern, I'ort 
 (.jooil cat- 
 l.iiul birds 
 .idcil vul- 
 iirds. 'I'wo 
 ■ our n;mi- 
 
 I pluiiiaj^c 
 :n uc tirrt? 
 •r fimw pc- 
 md lolour. 
 ily to their 
 ly pick lip 
 Jis a Ikiuii, 
 • IS \arii.'.- 
 Kir j>riiu i- 
 ..ils oi this 
 Mil (aitliil 
 R' I'tM lions 
 ke vp their 
 ihc-lii-JKlf 
 
 jode « here 
 d iVoin the 
 ■s ol' retire- 
 vith iiiiitiial 
 c cuitle and 
 
 II tl'.e i.i(;l(?s 
 (^'!, nil liieir 
 
 I old, being 
 
 .*n I (land on 
 .|th, Me law 
 
 II li\ I)'', loi. k 
 .Ideiiiy ujion 
 
 a l\iuldiiig- 
 , ended in a 
 el S. W. ill 
 in, it liieh a 
 
 rcinelenied, 
 
 er, this ap- 
 1, and to cx- 
 11 the nth. by 
 
 1) iiim. and 
 [ohn. C.i\ the- 
 
 «cie in lati- 
 lu'ii. \V. the 
 
 [oint ol' the 
 isot' land, \\c 
 :^\^)I, alio t'car- 
 lijllu mils the 
 I 167s, and by 
 
 ue haiiied ti> 
 i laid d(i\\n by 
 ■;lh, v\e were, 
 v^. 4 nun. S. 
 iih, at noon, a 
 
 the arteinoon 
 ;itude 51 dej;. 
 \v a leal, and 
 A. M. we bore 
 oon, by ob'er- 
 
 iiiin. S. and in 
 dat this time a 
 ;ert!s about the 
 
 
 h' 
 
'M' 
 
 (.!■ .'-'I -- 
 
 
 :1 
 
 I m 
 
 'A^, - 
 
COOK'i SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcovcries in the SoutliSeas Sx. Round the lyorld. 1 87 
 
 ii " 
 
 \ 
 
 (hip. Wc now (leered due eslli and on the nth, 
 were in latitude 54 deg. 38 min. longitude 4$ dcg. 10 
 min. W. On the 1 ath, being Thurfday, we (leered 
 call northerly; and at noon obfervcd in latitude 54 dcg. 
 38 min. S. and in 43 deg. 8 min. W. longitude, which 
 is near \ dcg. E. of the fttuation, laid down b^ Mr. 
 Dalrym'pic lor the N. V.. |»int of thcgulph of St. Sc- 
 baftian; but wc had no other intiiiutiona of land, 
 thanfecinj a fcal, and a few penguins ; and wc had a 
 fvvcll fmiu lu S. E. which we think umild not have 
 been, had any cxtcnlivc track of land lay in that di- 
 rc^^ion. On Friday, the i i;th, wc ftood to the fouth 
 till noon, when finding ourlclvcs in latitude 55 dcg. 
 7 min. wc llrctthcd to the north. Wc now faw le- 
 vcral penguins and a fnow pcicrcl, which wc judged 
 to denote the vicinity of ice. Wc allu found the air 
 much colder than we had felt it lincc wc left New 
 Zealand. In the night wc Hood to ilie N. K. On Sa 
 turd.iy, the 14th, at twoo'clock, F. M. m latitude 53' 
 dcg. 56 min. 30 fee. S. and in longitude 39 dcg. 24 
 min. W. wc dilcovcrcd land, in a manner wholly co- 
 vered with fnow. Wc foumlcd in one hundred and fc- 
 vcnry-fivc fathoms, mudily bottom. 'I he land bore 
 E. by .'>. dirtant twelve leagues. On the 15th, the wind 
 blew in fijiialls attended with fnow and licet, and wc 
 h;ul a<;rcat fca to encounter. At pall lour 1'. M. we 
 flood to the S. W. under two courlts 1 but at nildnif^ht 
 the llorin abated, (o that wc could carry our toj<-laiU 
 double reefed. t)a the i6th, at four o'clock, A. M. 
 we llooiJ to the cal>, with a iiHKlerate breeze, and at 
 eipht fa-v the land extemliiig liom E. by N. to N. E. 
 by N. At mion, by obfcrvaiion, wc were in latitude 
 
 <4 dcg. 25 min, 30 fee. and in jSdcg. 18 min. W. 
 wngitudc. li.c land was now alwut eight leagues 
 dilVanr. It proved to be an illand, and wc called it 
 Willis IdanJ, from the name of the perfun who lirll 
 difvovcrcd it from the mall head. It is a high rock 
 of no great extent. Wc bore up to it with a view of 
 exulormg the northern coart j and as we advanced per- 
 ceived another iflc to the north, between that and the 
 main. Obferving a clear pallagc iKtwccn both we 
 flecicd for the fame, and in the midway founti it to be 
 two miles broad. Willis's illc is in the latitude of 54 
 dcg. S. and in 38 dcg. 23 min. W. longitude. The 
 other, which was named Bird Illand, a number of 
 fowls bcinu iVin upon the loaft, is not fo higli, but 
 more excenlivc 1 and is near the N. E. point of the 
 main laiul, which (.'apt. Cook named Cape North. 
 Wc law li-vcial maHe.'; of fnow, or ite, in the IxMtoms 
 of lomc bay.s on the S. E. coall of this land, particu- 
 larly in one which lies about three leagues to the -S. S. 
 K. of Bird ifle. On Monday, the 16th, having got 
 through the pafTagc, w c obfervcd the north coall trciuleil 
 E. by N. for about three leagues, and then F.. and E. 
 by S. to Cape Buller, which is eleven miles. We 
 nuigcd tlic coaft till near night, at one Iciguc dillancc, 
 when on founding we found liftj' fathoms, and a muddy 
 bottom. On the 17th, at two o'clock, A. M. we 
 made f.>r the land. Wc now fleered along ftiore till 
 fevcn, when, feeing the appearance of an inlet, wc 
 hauled in Ibr it. The cajitain accompanied by Mr. 
 ForOcr, and others went oH in a boat, to reconnoitre 
 
 I ? bay before wc vcnti.id in with the Ihip. They 
 landed m th'ce dini'icnt places, difplayed our colours, 
 and took polFcHion of the country in his majclh's 
 name. The hiad of rlic bay was terminated by ice- 
 clitFs of confukrablc height ; pieces of which were 
 continual!, brcakipp oil", uhich made a noifc like a 
 t.innon. Nor were the interior |>arts of the country 
 Kij horrible. Tl.t: favarri rtxks i.iircil their lofty fum- 
 iiii(.s till loll ii'. the clouds, and valleys were covered 
 w itli iLcn.ingiy p.-rpi.tual fnow. Not a tree, nora (hrulj 
 of any Ib.c ^^■c•re 10 be ii en. The only figns of vege- 
 tation were a Ihong bla led grafs, growing in tutts, 
 wild burnet, and a plant like inofs. fecn on the rocks, 
 iiea-bci'fs, or feals, were numerou : ne fliores fw armed 
 wiih young cubs. Here were alfo the largcft jko- 
 piins wc ha«l yet fecn. Some wc brought aboard 
 weighml above thirty pounds. We found the fame 
 ^a-fuwL as at the lall il.ands aJfo divers, the new 
 
 ? 
 
 white birda, and fnudl onei, rcfcmbling thufe at the 
 Cape of Good Hope, called yellow birds, which, hav- 
 ing Ihot two, wc found molt delicioua morfcls. Wc 
 faw no other land birds than a few fmall larks, nor did 
 we meet with any quadrupeds. The rocks borderinu 
 on the ri*a were not covered with fnow like the inland 
 partSj and they feemed to contain iron ore. When the 
 party returned aboard, they brought with them a quan- 
 tit) of feals and iienguim. Not that wc wanted provi- 
 lioni but any kind of freOi meat was acceptable to 
 the crew j and even Capt. Cook acknowledged, that 
 he was now, for the hrfl time, heartily tired of fait 
 diet of every kind ; and that though the Helh of pen- 
 gtiins could fcarcly be compared to bullocks liver, yet its 
 being frtlh was luff.cient to make it palatable. The 
 captain named the bay he hadfurveycd, Polfcllion Ikiyj 
 though according to his account of it, we think it to 
 be no dclirabic appendage to his majelly's new pof- 
 fcllions. It lies in latitude 54 dcg. 5 min. S. and in 
 37 dcg. 18 min. W. eleven le.\gues tothecaftof f'apc 
 iSoith. To the weft of roli'.irion Bay, and between 
 that and Cape Hullcr, lies the Bay of' IMes, fo called 
 from the number of fmall illes lying before and 
 in it. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 17th, wc made fail to the eaft, 
 along the coartj the ducclion of which from Cape 
 Biillcr, is 72 deg. 30 min. E. for the fpace of twelve 
 leagues, to a projecting point, which was named C.ipe 
 Saunders. Beyond this is a pretty large bay> which 
 obtained the name of Cumberland Biiy. At the bot- 
 tom of this, as alfo in fomc other fmallcr ones, were 
 vail tracks of frozen ice, or fnow, notyct broken loofe. 
 Bcinj^ now jud part Cumberland Bay, we hauled oil" the 
 coalt, from w hence wc were diflant about four miles. 
 On the I Kth, at noon, by obfervation, we were in lati- 
 tude 54 deg. 30 min. S. and about three leagues from 
 the coart, which I'.rctchcd from N. 59 dcg. W. to S. 
 13 deg. W. In this direction the land was an iflc, 
 which fccmcd to be the extremity of the coaft to the 
 call. At this time the nearcft land was a proje<ilinj» 
 point, terminating in a round hillock, which, on ac- 
 count of the day was called Cipc Charlotte; on the 
 well liile of which lies a bay, and it wai named Royal 
 Bay J and the well jxiint wc tailed Cape George. Thi.i 
 is the call point of Cumberland Bay, in the dircdion 
 (if S. i:. h) V,. IVoiii Cape Saunders, dillant fcvcn 
 Kaguis. 1 lie C.ipes Charlotte and George lie in the 
 diieotion of linith 37 dcg. I-', and north 37 dcg W. 
 lix kague^ dillant Irom lach other. The iflc above 
 mentioneil was nan)ed Cooper's, after our lirft licu- 
 t< nant. It is in the direction of S. by E. and cicht 
 leagues from Cape Charli tte. The coart between them 
 forms a larcc bi\y, which we named Sandwich Bay. 
 On the 19th, at fun-rife new laml was difcovered 
 which bore S. E. half E. At the firft light it had the 
 appearance of a linglc hill, in the form of a fugar-loaf ; 
 but foon after, other detached parts were vilible above 
 the horizon near the hill. We obfervcd at mnm in 
 latitude 54 deg. 42 min. 30 fee. S. A lurking rwk. 
 that lies ort Sandwich Bay, live miles from the land 
 bore W. half N. dillant one mile. In the afternoon we 
 hod a view of a ridge of mountains, behind Sandwich 
 Bay, whofc icy tops w ere elevated high above the clouds. 
 At lix o'clock, Cape Charlotte bore north u dec w' 
 and Cooper's inandW.S.W. *'' ' 
 
 On Friday the ioth, at two o'clock, A. M. we made 
 lail to the S. W. round Cooper's Illand, which is one 
 rock conlidcrably high, about live miles in circuit, and 
 one dirtant from the main. Here the main coaft 
 takes a S. W. direction for live Ic.igucs to a point, 
 which v( called Cape Difappointmcnt, off of which 
 R) • t'.K-e ("mail illcs. The moft fouthcrn one is a 
 h r:uc from the Ca[u-, green, low, and Hat. I'rom the 
 p<:rni, as ",c continued our coiirfe S. W. I.nnd was feen 
 t!: njxn in the direction of north 60 deg. W. dirtant 
 bt ond i!. nine Ic.igucs. It proved to be an ille and 
 v,«5 nain.?d Pickcrfgill Illand. A point of what wc 
 hal hiihciTo fuppoled to be the main, beyond this 
 ifland, focn after came in fight in the dircilion of north 
 SS .leg. M' which united die coaft at the very point 
 
 we 
 
 \M 
 
 ■■■>: :<■■ 
 
 :,■ 'm 
 
 > > I 
 
 '',! >... 1 ill 
 
I 
 
 1 88 
 
 Capt. C O O K $ VOYAGES C O M !• L E T K. 
 
 wc had (een, and taken the bearin(; ol°, the day We firll 
 came in with it, and left ti* not a finglc doubt, that 
 thii land which we had taken for part of a great con- 
 tinent, was no more than an inanii, aio inilc* in cir- 
 cuit. Wc thought it very extraordinar)',that an iOand 
 hotu'cen the latitude of 54 and 5; degrees, lliould, in 
 the ver>' height of fuiniiicr, be ainioll wholly covered 
 with fn>zen I now, in foinc places many fathoms deepi 
 but more efiKcially the S. W. coall. Nay, the very 
 Men of the lofty mountains, were cafcd with ice ; but 
 the quantity of ice and fnow that lay in the vallcyi ia 
 incredible, and the bottom* '"-f the liavi were bouniicd 
 by walls of ice of a confidt rablc height. We arc of 
 opinion, that a great deal of the ice formed here in 
 w inter, is broken olV in fpring, and Hoats into the lea : 
 but we queftion, wheihcr a ten thoufandth part oi what 
 wc faw is produced in this ifland ; from whence we 
 are led to conclude, that the land wc had fcen the day 
 bt-fore might Inrlong to a more extcnlive track; and we 
 Hill had hopes of difcovering a continent. As to our 
 prefcnt difapjmintment, wc were not much alfeCh-d 
 thereby; for, were we to judge of the whole by this 
 fainple, whatever its extent might be, it would be un 
 acquilition fcan ely worth notice. This inhofpitablc, 
 and dreary land, lies between the latitudes of 5 { liv^. 
 57 mm. and 54 deg. 57 min. S. and between 38 dcjr. 
 13 min. and .^5 deg. 34 min. W. longitude. We 
 named this the Ifle of (ieorgia, in honour of his Ma-< 
 jerty. Itextcnds S. K. by h. and N. W. by W. and is 
 9{ miles lot^, and about 10 broad. 'I'hcN.K. coaft 
 appears to have a niimlwr of bays, but the ice mull 
 prevent accefs to rhem |hc greatell part of the year ; 
 and at any time they will be dangerous harbours, on 
 account of the continual breakingaway of the icecliHs. 
 We are inclined to think, that the interior parts, on 
 account ot their elevation, never enjoy heat enough to 
 melt the (now in fuch quantities as to produce a river ; 
 nor (lid we lind even a Ihcam of frelh water on the 
 whole coad ; ami the N. K. liilcof this, only receives 
 fuftiricnt warmth to melt the fnow. Wc now quitted 
 this coatV, and directed our courfe to the E. S. K. for 
 the land we had lien the preceding day, A flrong 
 
 gale overtook us, and wc thought ourfelves very toitu. 
 natc in having got clear of the land before this came 
 on. 
 
 On the 21ft, the ftorm wai fucreeded by a thick 
 fog, attended with rain ; but having got a foutherly 
 brce/e, we ftoo<1 to the eatt till three in the ai'ternoon 1 
 and then ftcered north in fearch of the land. On the 
 2 2d, we had thick fi>ggy weather ; but in ihe c-cning 
 it was ft clear that we could fee two leagues round 
 u* i and thinking we might be to the call of the land, 
 «e (leered wed. 
 
 On the 23d, a thick fog at llx o'cock, A. M. once 
 more C(im|x-lled us to haul the wind to the (iiuth ; but 
 at eleven, w e were favoured w ith a \ icw ol three or (iuir 
 riKky ifliKs, extending fn>m S. K. to l-'.. N. l-'.. alxnit one 
 league didant ; and this, being the extcntofour horizon, 
 might be the reafon why we did not fee the fugar-lcuf 
 peak belore mentioiuil. We were well aflured, this 
 was the land we had (ccn before, and which we had 
 now circuinnavigateil ; condlling of only a few de- 
 tached r(Kks, the receptu les for birds. They are fili- 
 ated in latitude 5; dii|^ S. 12 leagues (roiii Cooper'i 
 l(le, and we named them Clerk's Kocks, Mr. Clerk, one 
 of our lieutenants having lii II ilifcov( red them. I hu 
 interval of dear weather was (iiccecded by as thick a 
 (cij; as ever, on which we (looil to the north. Thus 
 we were <untiiuially inxolved in thick nuns, and the 
 tl..ig. with frciiuent (i)unilinj.M were our bed pilots; 
 but on the 2 jd we llooil a (i-\v miles to the north, 
 whc4i wc (^ot clear of rotk.s, out of li>undings, iitid faw 
 not aii\ diags. 
 
 On the 24th, we f.iw the rocks braring S. S. W. half 
 \V.di(lant lour miles, but wc did not (lill lee ihe fugar- 
 loaf peak. A: lour o'lloi k, I'. M.judj^ing ourlelvvs to 
 be three or lour leaj:;uc.s K. and \V. ot them, wc deercd 
 fouth, being i)uiie lircil w ith cmi/ing in thick fogs, only 
 to have a li^lit ot ;i lew (Ira^^gling rocks. Having, at 
 intervals, a dculky to the weft, at (even o'clock we faw 
 the illc of (Jeorgia, bearing W. N. W. didant eight 
 leagues: at eight we llcend S. K. by S. and at tenS. 
 h.. by li. 
 
 set- 
 
 I 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1*- i 
 
 ;i^ I 
 
 ■]'l.v Rifttiition roiilt'iitfs Ivr itiHrfe-—Nrtdiind anJ SMUtJcrs f/k< liifcffirrfj — Cjnji;1mrs, and fomc rc/ifiin thiil tbnr m.iy ht 
 liiiiJ alxiul ihi- South Poir — Tbf Rrfolulnn ,iUers Lvr conyfi foiilh to ibc i\ijl — EiiJfiivnurs to fin.l (Upc Cirrumn/ion — (J/>. 
 Ji rtaiimu on ivhatjbe hid doiif in llw vmi<(f — I'roardinj^i till hrr arrnal ,ii the C.tp ■ o/'(l)jJ Hope— Sails for ih- ijU of 
 . Fi!\id—A>id tvtitfit.' to Eti^ltind — Capt. hurnrain's narialiiv, fim tbr tinir ll.v .Lhrntuiv K'./v j'tparatcd from ihi- Rifu- 
 tuti'jn, to btr arrival in Enj^lanJ, iiuiiding ibt rtpirt of Lnut. liurnry, tcnummf^ tbf untimrh death rf Ibe boat's- ere 'M 
 •U'bo "were murd red hy/ome "/ the natives 0/ intern Charlotte's Sound, in Ack' Zealand. 
 
 uml 
 
 0\ Wednefday the 2 ah. we dcered K. S. E. We 
 had a iVeili gale at N. N. E. but the \ieather Hill 
 ct)ntinued foggy, till towards the evening, at which 
 time it Heared up. On the 26th, we held on ourcoiirfe 
 w ith a tine gale liom the N. N. \V. but at day-light, 
 feeing iH> land to the cad, and being in latitude 56 deg. 
 3} mm. S. and in 31 deg. 10 min. W. longitude, we 
 idecrfd fouth. On the ;7th, at noon, wc were In the 
 latitude of 59 deg, 46 min. S. and had fo thick a fog 
 ThatwecouKI not fee a Ihip's length. Wc expciled 
 foon to fall in with the ice, and on this account, it being 
 no longer fale to fail before the w ind, wc hauled to the 
 call with a gentle gale at N. N. IC, When .nc fog 
 cleared away, we refumcd our courfe to the fouth; but 
 it returned again, which obliged us to haul upon a 
 wind. }iy our reckoning we were now in the latitude 
 of 60 deg. S. and unlets we difcovcrcd f. uie certain 
 ligns of loon falling in with land, the Captain deter- 
 mined to nvike this the limit of his voyage to the 
 fouth. Indeed it would not have been prudent to have 
 tquandercd away time in proceeding farther to the 
 fouth, when there was as great a probability of finding 
 a large crack of lanti near Cape Ciaui»cilion. Befides 
 it was an irkfunic talk to travcrfe in high fwithem lati- 
 
 tudcs, where nothing was to be difcovcrcd but i( c. At 
 this time a long hollow fwell from the wed, indicated 
 that no l.md w ai to be cxpciileil in fuch a direction ; and 
 upon the whole, we may venture to alfcrt, that the cx- 
 tenfivc coaft laid down by Mr. Dalrymplc, and his 
 Gulphof St. Sebaftian, do not exid. The fog having 
 receded from us a little, at feven o'clock in the evening, 
 we faw an ice-idand, penguins, and fnow pctcrels. In 
 the night, being vilitcd with a return of the log, wc 
 were obliged to go over again that fpace which wc 
 had, in fomc degree, made ourfelves acijuainted with 
 in^the day. 
 
 On the 28th, at eight o'clock, A. M. wc dood^-w 
 the cad, with a gent^ breeze at nouh. The weather 
 cleared away, and wc perceived the fca llrcwcd with 
 large and fmall bodies of ice. Some whales, penguins, 
 fnow pctcrels, and other birds were fcen. We had 
 now fun-(bine, but the air was cold. At noon, by oh^ 
 fervation, wc were in 60 deg. 4 min. S. and in 29 deg, 
 23 min. W. longitude. At half paft two o'clock, 
 having continued our courfe to the eaft, wc fuddenly 
 fell in w ith a vaft number of large icc-Wlands, and a 
 fea ftrewcd with loofe ice, and the waather becoming 
 hazy, made it dangerous to ftand in among them. 
 
 We 
 
COOK'i SECOND VOYAGE— for making Di/toverui in the StutA Seat & Round tlit ff^orM. 1 89 
 
 -U u t- 
 
 We therefore wclccd. »nd ftcwd back to the weft, with 
 the wind at north. Wc were now (iirroundcd with ice • 
 ifland*. ail nearly of an equal height, with a flat level 
 furface ; but of varioua extent. The loofc ice, with 
 which the fca appeared ftrewed, had broke from thefe 
 
 illM. ^ 
 
 On Sunday the 19th, havinff little wind, we were 
 obliged to travcrfc in ftich courlci, a» wore moft likely 
 to cany ui clear of them, fothat wc hardly made any 
 progreft, one way or other, throughout the whole day. 
 The weather wai fair, but remarkably gloomy, and wc 
 were vifited by penguins and whales in abundance. 
 On the 10th, we tacked and ftood to the N. E. and 
 almoft tnroughout 'he day if was foggv, with either fleet 
 or fnow. At noon wc were in latituac 59 dcg. jomin. 
 S. and in 29 dcg. 24 min. W. At two o'clock, pafftd 
 one of the largcft ice-iflands we had fcen during our 
 voyage ; and Tome time after two fmallcr ones. We 
 no* ftood to N. E. over a fea ftrewed with ice. On the 
 
 Jlift we (iifcovcrcd land a-hcid, diftant about one 
 caguc. Wc hauled the wind to the north i but not be- 
 ing able to weather it, we tacked in 175 fathoms water, 
 a league from thcilrore, and about half aone from foine 
 breakers. This land confifted of three rocky iflots of 
 conliderablc height. The outmoft terminated in a 
 loft) peak, like a fugar-loaf, to which we gave the name 
 of rreezland Peak, after the man who (irft difcovcrcd 
 it. The latitude is 59 deg. S. and 17 dcg. W. longi- 
 tude. Totheeaft of this peak, was fcen ?n elevated 
 coaft, whofc fnow-cap'd fummits wire above tiir clouds. 
 It extended from N. by E. to E. S. E. and wc named 
 it Cape Briftol, in honour of the nublc family of 
 Harvey. Alfo in latitude 50 deg. 1 3 min. jofec .S. and 
 in 17 dcg. 4j min. W. another elevated coaft appeared 
 fh fight, bearing S. W. by S. and at noon, it extended 
 from S. E. to S. S. W. diftani from fourto eight leagues. 
 This land we called Southern Thule, bccaufe the moft 
 fouthcm thai has yet been difcovcrcd. Its furface rifcs 
 high, and is every where covered with fnow. There 
 were thofe of our company, who thought they faw 
 land in the fpace between Thule and C.ipc nriftol. 
 We judged it more than probable that thefe two lands 
 arc ronnedled, and the fpace is a deep biy, which, 
 though thefe arc mere fuppofitions, was rallcil Forfter's 
 Bay. Being not able to weather Southern Thule, we 
 t:irkc(l and ftood to the north, at one o'clock, and at 
 four I'reezland Peak was diftant four Icigucs. Soon 
 after the wind fell, and wc were left to the n\ercy of a 
 
 frcat weftcrly fwell, which fct right upon the ftiorc 1 
 ut at eight o'clock, the weather clearing up, we faw 
 Cape Briftol. which bore E. S. E. ending in a point to 
 the north, beyond which we coulJ fee no land. Thus 
 we were relieved from the fear of being carried away by 
 the f'.vcll, and caft on the moft horrible coaft in the 
 world , \\'e continued our courfc to the north all night, 
 with a light breeze at weft. 
 
 On Wednefday the firft of February, at four o'clock 
 in the morning, we had a view of a new coaft. At lix 
 it Iwrc north 60 dcg. E, and being a high promontory, 
 wc named it Cape Montague. It is fituatcd in latitude 
 58 deg. 27 min. S. and in 26 deg. 44 mir , W. longi- 
 tude ; eight leagues to the north of Cape Buftol. We 
 . faw land in fcvcral places between them, whence we 
 concluded the whole might be connedled. We wifli it 
 had been in our power to have determined this with 
 greater certainty, but prudence would not permit the 
 attempt, nor to venture near a coaft the dangers of 
 w hich have been already fufliciently pointed out. One 
 icc-ifland, among many othrn on this coaft, particu- 
 larly attradkd our notice. It was level in furface, of 
 great extent both in hcitht and circuit, and its fides 
 were perpendicular, on wnich the waves of the fea had 
 not made the leaft impreftion. We thought it might 
 have come out from fomc bay in the coaft. At noon 
 we were eaft and weft of the northern p.irt of Cape 
 Montague, diftant five leagues. Freczland Peak was 
 1 2 leagues, and bore fouth 1 6 deg. E. By obfervation 
 we found our latitude to be 58 deg. 25 min. In the 
 afternoon, at two o'clock, when ftandingtothe north 
 wc faw land, which bore north 25 deg. L, It cxtcnd- 
 No. 22. 
 
 ed from north ao deg. to 5a dcg. E. and it was imagined 
 more land lay oeyond it to the eaft. Cape Montague 
 at this time bore fouth 66 deg. E. at eight 40 dcg. and 
 Cape Briflol S. bf E- 
 
 On the 3nd. at flx o'clock A. M. having ftecrrd to 
 the north during the night, new land was difcovered, 
 bearing north 1 3 deg. E. diftant 1 o leagues. We fa w two 
 hummocki jull above the horizon, of w hich we foon 
 loft fight. We now flood, having a frefii breeze at 
 N. N. E. for the norrhernmoft land wc had fecn the 
 preceding day, which, at this time, bnrc E. S. E. 
 by ten o'clock we fetched in with it, but not having 
 it in our power to weather the fame, we tacked at three 
 miles from the coaft. This extended from U. by S. 
 to S. E. and appeared to be an ifland of about 10 
 leagues circuit. The furfiicr was high, and its limmit 
 loft in the clouds. Like all the neighbouring lands, 
 it was covered with a fticet of fnow and ire, except on 
 a point on the north fide, and on two hills fcen over it, 
 which probably were two iflands. Thefe were not only 
 clear of fnow, but feemcd covered with green turf Wc 
 faw alfo large ice-iftands to the fouth, and others to the 
 N. E. .At noon we tacked for the land again, in 
 order if jwAfiblc to determine whether it was an ifland 1 
 butn thick fog foon prevented the difcovery, by making 
 it unfafc to ftand in for the (hore ; fo that having re- 
 turned, we Mcked and ftood to N. W. to make the 
 land we had fcen in the morning. Wc left the other 
 under the fuppofition of its Ixing an iftand, and named 
 it Saunders Iflc, after Cnpt. Cook's honuurabic friend 
 Sir Charles Saunders. It lies in latitude 57 dcg. 49 
 nun. S. and in 26 deg. 44 min. W. longitude, diflunt 
 13 leagues from Cape Montague. The wind having 
 fliiftcd at fix o'clock, wc ftood to the north ; and at 
 eight we faw Saunders Ifland, extending from S. E. 
 by S. to E. S. E. Wc were ftill in doubt if it were an 
 illand, and could not at this time clear it up, as wc 
 found it neccftary to take a view of the land to the 
 north, before we proceeded any farther to the ea(h 
 With this intent we ftood to the north, and on the 3d, 
 at t;\o o'clock A. M. wc came in fight of the land wc 
 were fearching after, which proved to be two iflei. 
 On account ol the dav on which they were difcovcrcd, 
 we called them Candlemas I Acs. 'They lie in latitude 
 57 deg. 1 1 min. S. and in 27 deg. 6 min. W. longitude. 
 Between thefe wc obfervcd a fmall rock ( there may 
 perhaps be others ; for the w eather being hazy occafion- 
 ed us to tofc fight of the iflands, and we did not ftv 
 them again till noon, at which lime they were three or 
 four leagues oft'. We were now obliged, by reafon of 
 the wind having veered to the fouth, to ftand to the 
 N. E. and at midnight came fuddenly into water un- 
 commonly while, at which appearance the officer on 
 watch was Co much alarmed, that he immediately or- 
 dered the ftiip to be put about, and we accordingly 
 tacked inftantly. There were variou-s opinions aboaid 
 concerning this matter 1 probably it might be a flioal of 
 fifti ; but fomc faid it was a flioal of ice ; and otbcrj 
 thought it was fliallow water. 
 
 On Sunday the 4th, at two o'clock, A. .M. wc rc- 
 fiimed our courfc to the eaft, and at lix tried if there 
 were any current, but found none. At this time fomc 
 whales were playing, and nuiiibcrs of penguins <!ying 
 about us: of the latter we (hot a few, dift'crcnt from 
 thofe on Statcn Land, and at the Ifle of Georgia. Wc 
 had not fecn a feal fince we left that coaft, which is 
 fomewhai remarkable. By obfervation at noon, wc 
 found ourfclvcs in latitude 56 dcg. 44 min. S. and in 
 longitude 25 dcg. 33 min. W. We now having a 
 breeze at caft, ftood to the fouth, intending to regain 
 the coaft wc had loft { but the wind at eight o'clock 
 in the evening, obliged us to ftand to the caft, in which 
 run wc faw many ice-iflands, and fome loofc ice. As 
 the formation of ice-iflands has not been fully invefti- 
 gatcd, wc will here otter a few hints and oblervations 
 refpe^ing them. Wc do not think, as fome others do, 
 that iney arc formed by the water at the mouths of great 
 cataradis or large rivers, which, when accumulated, 
 break off, owing to their ponderous weight ; bccaufe 
 wc never found any of the ice, which we took up, in 
 j 3 B the 
 
 m 
 
 
190 
 
 C«pt. C O O K '• VOYAGES C O M P L E T ii. 
 
 I'll 
 
 Ki 
 
 I 
 
 i:i 
 
 i I 
 
 It; 
 
 the lead incor|M>retcd, or conncdcd with earth, Mhich 
 iiuifl nrccflarily adhere to it, were ihia cunjedurc 
 tnic. Furthermore, we arc not certain whether there 
 arc any rivcro in thefc countriei, a« we Taw neither rivcra 
 nor Hreaini of frcfli water there. Hie ice-inantla, at 
 leal) in thofe part*, mul) be formed from fnow and fleet 
 conliilidated, uhich gather* by degree*, and are drifted 
 from the iiirMintains. In the winter, the fcan or the ice 
 clilft n)ull iill up the bay*, if they arc ever fo lur^e. 
 I'he continual fall of I'now occalion* the accumulation 
 of thefc cliHs, till they can fupport their wciuht no 
 longer, and large pieces break otf from thefc icc-illands. 
 We are inclined to believe, that thefc ice clifT*, where 
 they are llieltcrcd from the violence of the winds, 
 extend a great way into the fea. 
 
 On the 5th. having (ben no penguin*, we thought 
 that we were leaving land behind us, and that we hud 
 pafled it* northern extremity. At noon we were j dcg. 
 of longitude, to the cad ofSaundcrii' lllciandbyob- 
 fervition in the latitude of 57 dcg. 8 min. S. and in 
 3.1 dcg. 34 nun. W. longitude. In the afternoon we 
 again lUetchcd to the fouth, in order that wr might 
 again fall in with the land, if it took an caO JinVtion. 
 On Monday the 6th, we held on our courfc till the 
 7th at noon, when we lound our latitude to Iv cs dcg. 
 T 5 min. S. and longitude zi dcg. 34 min. W. nul not 
 feeing any ligns of land, wc concliHled, that what hail 
 been denominateii .Sandwich liind, wa&eithera group 
 ofillandt. or a point of the continent : for in Capt. 
 Cook's opinion, the ice that i* fpread over this vail 
 Southern Ocean, mufl originate in a track of land, 
 which he firmly believes lies near the pole, and cxtendii 
 farthcll to the north, oppolitc the Southern Atlantic 
 and Indian Oceans : for ice being found in thefc fnithcr 
 to the north, than any where ell'e, induced the (^iptain 
 to conclude, that land of confiderablc extent inuft cxill 
 near the fouth. Upon a contrary fuppofition it will 
 follow, that wc ought to fee ice every where under the 
 fame p.-irallcl ; but few fliip* have met with ice going 
 round Cajx; Horn; and for our part, wc faw hut little 
 below the fixticth degree of latitude in the .Southern 
 Pacific Ocean ; on the other hand in this fea, between 
 the meridian of 40 dcg. W. and fifty or fixty degrees 
 tall, «c li)und ice as liir north as j i deg. Others nave 
 IccH it in a much lower latitude. Ia.! 11:, iu)vv rup|V)fe 
 there i.s a Southern Continent within the polar circle. 
 The quell ion which readily (KCirs, will be; What end 
 «.in be anfwered in difcovcring or exploring fuch a 
 I o:<.rt .' Or what life can the l^iinc bt; cither to navigation, 
 geography, or any other Itience,' And what Ijcnelits 
 can rehilt therefrom to a coinmcicial ftatc.' Conlider 
 for a moment, what thick foj;s, fnow, flonns, intenfe 
 cold, and every thing dangerous to navigation, muft be 
 encountered w ith by every hard)r advcn"irer ; behold 
 the horrid afpeiil oi' a country impenctrabie by the 
 animating heat of the fun's raysj a country doonied to 
 be immerfed ii; cverlafting fnow. See the iflands and 
 flouts on the coafi, and the continual falls of the ice 
 clilFs in th" jxyrts : thefc difficulties, whiih might be 
 heightened b) others nof Icfs dangerous, are fuflicient 
 t<i deter every one fVor.' the rafli attempts of ptiicccd- 
 ijig farther to the fouth, than our expert and brave 
 toinmaniler has done, in fearch of an unknown coun- 
 try, which when difcovcred would aPifwcr no valuable 
 piirfiofe whatever. By this time wc had traverfed the 
 Southern v\ean, in fuch a manner, as to have no doubt 
 in determining that tlierc is no continent, unlefs near 
 the ijoii-, and out of the reach of navigation. We have 
 nude man) new difcoveries, and afcertaincd the exad 
 fituation of feveral old ones. Thus was the end of our 
 voyage fully anfwered, afbuthern hcmifphcrctufiiciently 
 explored, and the ncccflity of a fearch after a fouthern 
 continent put an end to. Wc fhould have proceed- 
 ed to farther difcoveries, but our Cajptain thought 
 it cruel to detain the people who failed with him 
 any longer without the ncceflary refrefhments, cfpc. 
 cially, as their behaviour merited every indulgence; 
 for neither oflicers nor men ever once repined at any 
 hardfliip, nor expietl'ed any uncaiincfsi or additional 
 I 
 
 fear of danger, on account of our frparation from tlic 
 Adventure. If wa« now high tiiitc to ilntik of 
 returning home ; and ctHild wc Dave continued longer. 
 wc lliould have been in great danger of the feurvy 
 breaking otitamoiig us, and wc do not know any giMkl 
 purpofe farther dilcoveries would have anfweied: wc 
 therefore fleered fbrtheL'a{K ofCitMxl Uopr, inieiuling 
 to look liir Houvet'«d'fc< ,rry,f'ape Ciiuimcilion, and 
 the illes of IX-nia aiU Vi-ifeve-n. Uut before we con- 
 tinue the narrative u this vo^ \gc, it may not !•- 
 thought improper to colled a lew obfervations from 
 our ntort eminent writers, on Terra Magellaniea, Pata- 
 
 fonia, part of which chmU lies within the limits, the 
 fland of Terra tlcl Fuegoj and lalklaml .s lilands. 
 Terra M.-urcllaitica received it.s name from I'euliii.uid 
 Magellan, a Vortuguefeollicer; wholikewilega\e n.tim: 
 to thole llraights which lead from the (both to the 
 north fea, he being the firfl who failed throuj'li them. 
 The appellation of Patairouia was ilerivcd from a j)nn- 
 cipal irilK- of it* inhabirMti,, called I'ataj'onj. The 
 whole country, which y,iK» iiliJer the name of Pala- 
 g«>nia, extend.s from Ch'li ami I'aragiiay to the utiiioit 
 extremity of .South America, that is, from {;; aliiioll tu 
 54 degrees of finith kititude, being 700 miles long, 
 ami {oo broad where widell. I'he northern parts con- 
 tain an almofi inexh.iiilliblc Hock of large limber, but 
 in the l()uthern diftric'ls there is fcarrcly a tree to lie 
 feen (it f<ir any mechanical purpofe. Tfie lofty moun- 
 tains, called the Andes, travcrle the whole country Ironi 
 north to fouth. 
 
 Here are incredible numliers of wild horned cattle 
 and horfes, which were firft brought hither by the 
 Spaniards, and have int rcafed amazingly ; the palluragc 
 alfo is good. Some writers tell us that frelh water is 
 fcarce; but were that the cafe, we cannot fee how thq 
 prefeiu inhabitants, and fuch multitudes o'. cattle could 
 fubfifl. The call ( oall is chiefly low-land, with few or no 
 gotxl harttouis; tbat called St. Julian is one of the bell. 
 The inhabitants of FaLigonia conlill of (evcral In- 
 dian tiibes, as the Fitagont, Pampas, Codiux-s, Sic. 
 They are a favage, barbarous people, of n copper 
 colour, like the reft of the Americans, with coarfe black 
 hair, and no lieards. They are mightily addidrd to 
 painting themfelves, and make ftreaks on their fiicea 
 and lx)die.s. They go alinoft flark naked, having only 
 a fquarc garment, in theforniof a blanket, made of tlia 
 (kinsoffevera! animals, and fewml together, which they 
 fometimes wrap round them in extreme cold weather; 
 and they have alfo a cap of the Ikiii.s of fowls on their 
 heads. Former voyagers reprefented them as monll rous 
 
 S'ants of 1 1 feet high, whereas they are mi taller than 
 e other Americans. The women, as in other placet, 
 are very fond of necklaces and bracelet.^. NVhich they 
 make of fea ntells. The natises chieHy live on fifli ami 
 game, and what the earth produces f])<>ntaneouf1y. 
 This country aboumls with an animal called camel- 
 fheep by foinc authors, but theirtnic name is guanacoes. 
 They partake of the nature of a camel, though they 
 have no bunch on the back, and thrv were fclrmerly 
 made ufe of to carry burdens. They li.ivc alio a bird 
 called an oftrich, but not fo large, ami they diflL-r froiti 
 the African oftrichcs in having three toes, whereas thole 
 have but two. A great nunmer of iflands, or clulkr* 
 of illands, lie on the coaftsof Patagonia. 
 
 The ifland of Terra del Fuego, or the Land of Fiics, 
 as it was called by the firft difcoverers. on account of 
 their having obferved fome great lircs upon it (fup|)ofed 
 to be volcanoes) as they palfcd it in the night, is kpa~ 
 rated from the continent by the Magellanic Straights < 
 has a rough appearance, being very mountainous, but is 
 interft^flcd with deep narrow vallies, and is well 
 watered. The natives of this country arcftiort in their 
 pcrfons, not exceeding five feet llx iiKhes at moft, their 
 heads large, their faces broad, their cheek-bones very 
 prominent, and their nofes very flat. I'hcy have little 
 brown eyes, without life; their hair is black and lank, 
 hanging about their heads in difordcr, and befme.-kreJ 
 with train oil. On the chin they have a few ftraggling 
 (hort hairs inftcadofa beard, and fiom their nofc ihcic 
 
n rriiiii tite 
 ihi'ik of 
 
 ICll loHUlT, 
 
 the (Viirvv 
 
 an) hcmhI 
 iMicil : wc 
 , inuiulinj; 
 icilion, ai\tt 
 re Wf ton- 
 ay not l'^ 
 tioiiii t'roin 
 iiita, I'aia^ 
 Ihuits, (ho 
 
 lllaiuls. 
 
 IVkIim.uhI 
 ^^»\^■ n.iiin: 
 iilh to the 
 MII'Jl tlu-iii. 
 oil) a prin- 
 Htiij, The 
 wv ol I'aia- 
 the utinolt 
 ^ aliiiol) lu 
 iiilcs lui)^, 
 I parts cou- 
 tiiiibcr, btic 
 
 tree to hi." 
 olty moiin- 
 mtury truiii 
 
 irncJ cattle 
 licr by the 
 te pafturago 
 :tii water is 
 fee how tho 
 cattle could 
 th few or no 
 
 of the belt. 
 
 fevcral In- 
 [)11are«, &c. 
 if a copper 
 coarfe bhtck 
 addidtcd to 
 n their tacea 
 having only 
 nude of tha 
 , which they 
 )ld weather; 
 wit on their 
 at nionllrout 
 o lalicr than 
 other placet, 
 
 \\rhicn they 
 e on lifli ami 
 lontaneoully. 
 illed cameU 
 is ).',uanacue3. 
 ihouijh they 
 ere (cfriuerly 
 e alio a bird 
 y diller from 
 vhereas tholb 
 s, or clurtert 
 
 .and of Fires, 
 n account of 
 n it (lup|)ofcd 
 lipht. is fep - 
 nic Straights j 
 [ainous. but is 
 and is well 
 :ftiort in their 
 at m«H\, their 
 [rk-bones very 
 hey have little 
 ac|( and lank, 
 ,nd befnicarcJ 
 few ftriggling 
 icir nofc there 
 i» 
 
 
 "?» 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 ■^ Uii 12.2 
 
 lU 
 
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 li 
 
 • 
 
 |L25 |||,.4 |,.6 
 
 
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 6" 
 
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 Hiotographic 
 
 Sdences 
 
 Corporalion 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) S72-4S03 
 
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cook's second VO VAGB— for making Di/coveries in the South Seas 6c Round the JVorlJ. 1 9 1 
 
 ii a conftant difchargc of mucus into their wgly open 
 mouth. The whole alTeittblage of their features fprins 
 the moft loathfomc pidurc of mifcry and wretchednefs 
 to which human nature can polTibly be rcduccdi jThiy 
 had no other cloathin^ than afmall piece of feaUfkin. ; 
 which hung from their (houlders to the middle of the 
 back, being faftcned round the necic with a ftring. The 
 reft of their body was pcrfcdlly naked, not the Icaft re- 
 gard being paid to acccncy. Their natural colour 
 Icems to be an olive-brown, with a kind of glofs re- 
 fembling that of copper ; but many of tliem difguifc 
 themfelves with ftreaks of red paint, and fometimes, 
 though feldom. with white. Their whole charadcris 
 the urongeft compound of ftupidity, indifference, and 
 inadlivity. Thev have no other arms than hows and ar- 
 rows, and their mftruments for fifhing a kind of iifli- 
 gags. They live chiefly on feals flefli, and like the fat 
 oily part moft. There is no appearance of any fubor- 
 dination among them, and their mode of living ap- 
 proaches nearer to' that of brutes, than that ot any 
 other nation. The children go naked, and the nnlv 
 weapon of the men is a long ftick generally hooked, 
 and pointed at the end like a lance. They live in huts 
 made of boughs, and covered with mud, branches, 
 &c. One fide is open, and the fire place is in the mid- 
 dle : and a whole family herd together in one of thcfe 
 miferablc hovels. 
 
 The above-mentioned iflands are all very barren and 
 mountainous; but from what Mr. Forfter fays, in his 
 voyage to the South Sea, the climate would not appear 
 to be fo rigorous and tempefhious as it is ropreiented 
 in Anfon's voyage. Upon the lower grounds and 
 iflands, that were (heltered by the high mountains, fe- 
 veral forts of trees and plants, and a variety of birds, 
 were found. Among the trees, was Winter's bark- 
 tree, and a fpecies of arbulus, loaded with red fruit 
 of die fize of fmall cherries, which were very well 
 tafted. In fome places there is alfo plenty of celeri. 
 Am^ng the birds was a fpecies of duck of the fize of 
 a goofe, which ran along the fea with amazing velocity, 
 beating the water with its wings and feet : it had a grey 
 plumage, with a yellow bill and feet, and a few white 
 quill feathers : at the Falkland iflands it is called a log- 
 gerhead duck. Among the birds are alfo plenty of 
 geefe and falcons. The rocks of fome of the iflands 
 are covered with large mufcle-fhells, the fifh of which 
 is faid to be more' delicate than oyfters. 
 
 Falkland's iflands were firft difcovcred'in 1 594, by 
 Sir Richard Hawkins, who named the principal of 
 them Hawkins' Maidcniand, in honour of queen Eli- 
 zabeth. The prefent name Falkland was probably 
 given them by Capt. Strong, in 1689, and afterwards 
 adopted by Halley. 
 
 "The late lord Egmont, firft lord c." the Admiralty 
 11111764, then revived the fcheme of a fettlement in 
 the South Seas ; and commodore Byron was fcnt to 
 take pofTeffion of Falkland's iflands in the name of his 
 Britannic majcfty, and in his journal reprefents them 
 as a valuable acquifition. On the other hand, they arc 
 rcprcfcntcd by Capt. M'Bride, who in 1766 fuccceded 
 that gentleman, as the outcafts of nature : " We 
 found (fays he) a map of iflands and broken lands, of 
 which the foil was nothing but a bog, with no better 
 profpedl than that of barren mountains, beaten by 
 ftorms almoft perpetual. Yetthis is fummer; and if 
 the winds of winter hold their natural proportion, thofc 
 who lie but two cables length from the Ihore, muft pafs 
 weeks without any communication with it." The 
 herbs and vegeublcs .vhich were planted by Mr. By- 
 ron's people; and the fir-tree, a native of rugged and 
 cold climates, had withered. In the fummer-months, 
 wild celeri and forrel are the natural luxuries of thefe 
 iflands. Goats, fheep, and hogs that were carried 
 hither, were found to increafc and thrive as in other 
 placet. Geefe of a fifliy tafte, fnipcs. penguins, foxes, 
 and fea^ions, ar^alfo found here, and plenty of Kood 
 water. 
 
 'Though the foil be barren, imd the fea tempeftuous, , 
 an Eijglifh fettlement was made here, of which we were • 
 fjifpofltfrcd by the Spaniards in 1770. Jhat violence 
 
 was, however, difavowed by the Spanifh ambaffudor, 
 and fome conceflions were made to the court of Great 
 Britain ; but in order to avoid giving umbrage to the 
 court of Spain, the ficttlenient was afterwards aban* 
 doned. .1 
 
 ' On Tueiday, the 7th, we refumed our courfe to the 
 eaft, and this day only three ice iflands were fecn. At 
 eight o'clock in the evening, we hauled the w ind to the 
 S. E. fcr the night. On the 8th, at day-light, wc 
 continued our courfe to the eaft, being in latitude 5 8 
 deg. 3omin.<S. and in 15 dcg. i!4 min. W. longitudtf. 
 In the afternoon palfed three icc iflands. On the 9th, 
 we had a calm moft part of the day ; the weather lair, 
 except at times a (now fhower. We faw fcvcral ice 
 iflands, but not the leaft intimation that could induce 
 us to think that any land was near us. We flood now 
 to N. E. with a breeze which fprung up at S. E. On 
 the loth, we had Ihowers of fleet and fnow; the wea- 
 ther was piercing cold, infomuch that the water on dec k 
 18 frozen. The ice-iflands were continually in fight. 
 the nth, we continued to fteer eaft. In the morn- 
 ing we had heavy fliovx t-rs of fnow ; but as the day 
 advanced, we had clear and ferene weather. At noon 
 we were in latitude 58 deg. 11 min. and in 7 deg. 55 
 min. W. longitude. On the 12th, wc had ice iflands 
 continually in fight, but moft of them were fmall ami 
 breaking to pieces. On Monday, the rjth, we had a 
 heavy fall of fnow ; but, the Iky clearing up, we had 
 a feir night, and fo fharp a froft, that the water in all 
 our veffels on deck, was next morning covered with a 
 fheet of ice. On the 14th, we continued to fleer eafl, 
 inclining to the north, and in the afternoon crofled the 
 firft meridian, or that of Greenwich, in the latitude of 
 57 deg. 50 min. S. At eight o'clock we had a hard 
 gale, at S. S. W. and a high fea from the fame quar- 
 ter. On the 15th, we fteered E. N. E. till noon, when 
 by obfervation. Me were in latitude of 56 deg. 37 min. 
 S. and in 4 deg. 1 1 min. E. longitude. We now failed 
 N. E. with a view of getting into the latitude of Cape 
 Circumcifion. Wc had fome large ice iflands in fight, 
 and the air was nearly as cold as the preceding day. 
 The night was foggy, with fnow ftiowcrs, and a fmart 
 froft. On Thurlday, the i6th, we continued our 
 courfe N. E. and at noon we obferved in latitude 55 
 deg. 26 min. S. and in 5 deg. 52 min. E. longitude, in 
 which fituation we had a greai fwell from the fouth, 
 but no ice in fight. At one o'clock we flood to S. E. 
 till fix, when we tacked, and ftood to the north. At 
 this time we had a heavy fall of fnow and fleet, Mhich 
 fixed to the marts and rigging as it fell, and coated the 
 whole with icc. On the 17th, wc had a great high fea 
 from the fouth, from whence we concluded no land 
 was near in that diredlion. At this time w ere in lati- 
 tude 54 deg. 20 min. S. and in 6 deg. 33 min. E. lon- 
 situdc. On the 1 8th. the weather was fair and clear. 
 Wc now kept a look-out for Cape Circumcifion ; for if 
 the land had ever fo Ittle extent in the diredion of 
 N. and S. we could not mifs feeing it, as the northern 
 point is faid to lie in 54 deg. On the 19th, at eight 
 o'clock in the morning, land appeared in the direc- 
 tion eaft by fouth, but it proved a mere fog-bank. Wc 
 now fteered eaft by fouth and S. E. till fcvcn o'clock 
 in the evening, when we were in latitude 54 deg. 4a 
 min. S. and in 13 deg. 3 min. E. longitude. We now 
 ftood to N. W. having a very fhonjj gale, attended 
 with fnow ihowersi On Monday, the 20th, we tacked 
 and ftretched to N. E. and had a frelh gale attended 
 with fnow fhowers and fleet. At noon we were in lati- 
 tude 54 deg. 8 min. S. Tongitudc 12 min. 59 min. E. 
 but had not the leaft fign of land. On the 21ft, we 
 were 5 deg. to the eaft of the longitude in which Cape 
 Circumcifion is faid to lie, and continued our courfe 
 eaft, iRclining a little to the fouth, till the 22nd. when, 
 at noon, by obfervation we were in latimde 54 deg. 
 34 min. S. and in 19 deg. 1 8 min. £. longitude. We 
 had now meafured in the latitude laid down for Bou- 
 vct's land, thirteen d^rccs of longitude ; a courfe in 
 which it is hardly poflible we could have mifled it ; we 
 therefore began to doubt its cxiftcnce ; and concluded, 
 that what the Frenchtnan had fecn, could be nothing 
 
 more 
 
 m. 
 
 "1 
 
 in 
 
 III 
 
i 
 
 192 
 
 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. ''AO^f^* 
 
 t\ 
 
 i 
 
 " !' 1' 
 
 \l 
 
 
 
 Uir 
 
 (■1 ! 1' 
 
 more than a decq>tion, or an illand of ice : for after 
 we had left the fouthern iflcs, to the prefcnt time, not 
 the lead veftigc of land had been difcovcred. We faw, 
 it is true, fome feaU, and penguins { but thefe arc to 
 be found in all parts of the louthcrn ocean, and iws be- 
 lieve (hags, ganncts, boobies, and men of war birds, 
 arc the mod indubitable ligns that denote the vicinity 
 of lands, as they feldom go very far out to Tea. Being 
 at this time only two degrees of longitude from our 
 route to the fouth, when we took our departure from 
 the Cape of Good Hope, it was in vain ror ut to con- 
 tinue ourcourfe tothceaft, under this parallel { but 
 thinking we might have feen land farther to the fouth, 
 for this reafon, and to clear up fome doubts, wc deerod 
 S. E. in order to get into the fituation in which it was 
 fuppofed to lie. On the 23d, from obfcrvations on fe- 
 veral didanccs of the fun and moon, we found ourfclves 
 in the latitude of 55 dcg. 25 min. S. and in 23 dcg. 
 22 min. E. longitude; and having run over the track 
 in which the land was fuppofed to lie, without foeuig 
 any, we now was well alTured the icc-iflands had de- 
 ceived Mr. Bouvet ; as at times they had deceived us. 
 During the night the wind veered to N. W. which ena- 
 bled us to deer more north ; for we had now laid afide 
 all thoughts of fearching farther after the French dif- 
 coveries, and were determined to diredt our courfe for 
 the Cape of Good Hope, intending only by the way to 
 look for the ides of Denia, and Marfevcen, which by 
 Dr. Hallcy are lai^ down in the latitude of 41 deg. 5 
 min. and 4 deg. E. longitude from the meridiaaof the 
 Cipc of Good Hope. On Friday the 25th, wedeered 
 N. E. and were at noon ih latitude 52 deg. 52 min. 
 ^. longitude 26 deg. 31 min. E. This day we faw the 
 lad ice-ifland. 
 
 On Wcdncfday, the fird of .March, wc were in la- 
 titude 46 deg. 44 min. S. and in 23 deg. 36 min. W. 
 longitud* ; and we took notice, that the whole time the 
 wind blew regular and condant northerly, which in> 
 eluded fcveral days, the weather was always cloudy and 
 very hazy ; but as foon as it came fouth of wed, it 
 cleared up. We alfo obferved, that the barometer be- 
 gan to rife fcveral days before this change happened. 
 On the 3d, in the afternoon, we had intervals of clear 
 weather, but at night the wind blew a heavy fquall 
 from S. W. whereby fcveral of our fails were fplit, and 
 a middle day-fail was wholly lod. Our latitude was 
 45 deg. 8 min. S. longitude 30 dcg. 50 min. E. On 
 Wcdncfday, the 8th, the thermometer rofe to 61 dec. 
 and we were obliged to put on lighter cloaths. We 
 were now in latitude 41 deg. 30 mm. S. longitude 36 
 deg. 5 1 min. E. Wc had not yet feen any ligns of 
 land, but albatroifes, pctercls, and other fea birds, 
 were our daily vifitors. On the i ith, the wind diided 
 fuddenly from N. W. to S. W. which occafioned the 
 mercury to fall as fuddenly from 62 to j 2 deg. fo dide- 
 rcnt was the date of the air between a northerly and 
 foutherly wind. Our latitude this day was 40 dcg. 40 
 min. S. longitude 23 deg. 47 min. E. 
 
 On Sunday, the 1 2th, fome albatroflcs and peterels 
 were fliot, which proved an acceptable treat. This 
 day we were nearly in the fituation, in which the iflcs of 
 Denia and Marfevcen are faid to lie, and not the lead 
 hope of finding them remained. On the 13th, we 
 flood to N. N. W. and at noon, by obfervation, were 
 in latitude 38 dcg. 51 min. S. which was above thirty 
 miles more than our log gave us ; to what this dide- 
 rence was owing, wc could not determine. The watch 
 alfo fliewcd that wc had been fet to the cad. At this 
 time wc were two degrees north of the parallel in 
 which the iflcs are laid down, but found not any en- 
 couragement to perfeverc in our endeavours to find 
 them. This mull have confumed more time, we think, 
 in a fruitlcfs fearch ; and every one, all having been 
 confineda long time to dale and fait provifi:ns,was im- 
 patient to get into port. We therefore, in compliance 
 with the general widi, refolved to make the bed of our 
 way to the Cape of Good Hope. We were now in la- 
 titude 38 dcg. 38 min. S. and in 33 deg. 37 min. E. 
 longitude. 
 On Thurfday, the i6th, at day-break, we dcfcried 
 4 
 
 in the N. W. quarter, danding to the wedwatd, two 
 lail, one of which diewed Dutch colours. At ten 
 o'clock we dood to the wed alfo, and were now in the 
 latitude of 35 dcg. 9 min. S. and in longitude 23 deg. 
 38 min. E. About this time, a quarrel arofe betwem 
 thrceofficen, and the diip's cooks, which was not re- 
 conciled without ferious confequenccs. Thofe three 
 gentlemen, upon fome occafion or other, entered the 
 cook-room with naked knives, and with oaths, unbe- 
 coming their charader, fwore they would take away 
 the lives of the fird m ho dared to adront them. It 
 feems they had formerly met with fome rebu^ for too 
 much frequenting the cooks apartments, which had hi- 
 therto padcd in joke ; but now a regular complaint 
 was laid before the captain, of their unwarrantable be- 
 haviour, and of the danger the men were in of their 
 lives : into which complaint the captain was under a 
 necelTity of enquiring ; and upon finding it jud, «f 
 confining the oficnders in irons. While they were 
 in this fituation, the articles of war being read, it was 
 found that the od'cncc was of fuch a nature as hardly 
 to be determined without a reference to a court martial, 
 in order to which the two who appeared nfwd cut]xible, 
 were continued prifoners upon parole, and the third 
 was cleared. After this bufincfs had cngroded the Cap- 
 tain's attention, he called the diip's crew together, and 
 after recounting the particulars of the voyage, the 
 harddiips they had met with, the fatigues they had un- 
 dergone, and the chearfulnefs they hadcondantly diewn 
 in tnc difcharge of their duty, he gave them to under- 
 dand, how much it would dill more recommend them 
 to the Lords of the Admiralty, if they would prefervc 
 a profound filence in the ports they had yet to pafsand 
 might enter, with regard to the courfes, the difcove* 
 rics they had made, and every particular relative to 
 this voyage ; and likewife, after their return home, till 
 they had their lorddiips pcrmidion to the contrary ; re- 
 quiring, at the fame time, all thofe officers who had 
 kept journals to deliver them into his cudody, to be 
 fcaled up, and not to be opened till delivered to their 
 lorddiips at the proper office. In the interim they were 
 to be locked up fafely in a ched. This requed was 
 chcarftilly complied with by every commiflioned of- 
 ficer. 
 
 On Friday, the 1 7th, we obferved at noon in the la- 
 titude of 34 deg. 49 min. S. in the evening we faw 
 land, about fix leagues didant, in the diredhon of E. 
 N. E. And there was a great fire or light upon it, 
 throughout the fird part of the night. On the 1 8th, 
 at day-break, wc faw, at the fame didance, the land 
 again, bearing N. N. W. At nine o'clock, wefent out 
 a boot to get up with one of the two diips before no- 
 ticed ; wc were fo defirous of hearing news, that wc 
 paid no attention to the didance, though the ihips were 
 at lead two leagues from us. Soon after wc dood. to 
 the fouth, a breeze fpringing up at wed. At this 
 time three more fail were feen to windward, one 
 of which (hewed Englidi colours. The boat returned 
 at one o'clock P. M. and our people in it had been on 
 board a Dutch Indiaman, coming home from Bengal ; 
 the fliip was the Bownkerk Polder, the Captain Cor- 
 nelius Bofch. The captain very politely made us a 
 tender of fugar, arrack, and of any thing that could 
 be fpared out of the diip. By fome Englidi mariners 
 on board her, our people were informed, that our con- 
 fort had arrived at the Cape of Good Hope twelve 
 months ago ; adding, that a boat's crew had been mur- 
 dered and eaten by the natives of New Zealand. Thh» 
 intelligence fuflkientJy explained the myderious ac- 
 counts wc had received from our old friends, in Queen 
 Charlotte's Sound. 
 
 On the 19th, at ten o'clock in the morning, the 
 Englidi fliip bore down to us. She was the True Bri- 
 ton, Capt. Broadly, on her return from China. A 
 letter to the fecrctary of the Admiralty was committed 
 to the care of the captain, who gencroufly feiit us freft 
 provifions, tea, and other articles. In the afternoon, 
 the True Briton dood out to fea, and we in for hind. 
 At fix o'clock, wc tacked within five miles of the fliore, 
 dilhni^as wc conjo^red. about fix leagues from Cape 
 • Aquilas. 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dtfcweries In the $outb Seas & Round the World. 1 93 
 
 AffuiUs. On the 20th, we ftood along (horctothc 
 werti and on the aift, at rt*n, the TaSlc Mounuin, 
 OYcr the Cape Town, bore N. E. by E. diftUnt ten 
 leagues. The next morning we anchored in Table 
 Bay J with us, in our reckoning, it was Wednefday 
 the 22nd, but with :he people here, Tuefday the 31 ft, 
 we having gaincJ a day by running to the eaft. In the 
 bay we found fnips of diflFerent nations, among which 
 was an Englifti Eaft Indiamanj from China, bound 
 diretfVly to England. In this fliip Capt. Cook fent a 
 copy of his journal, together with feme charts and 
 drawings to the Admiralty. We faluted the garrifon 
 with thirteen guns, and the compliment was returned 
 with an equal number. We now heard the deplorable 
 ftory of the Adventure's boat's crew confirmed, with 
 the addition of a falfc report, concerning the lofs of a 
 a French ftiip upon the fame ifland, with the total de- 
 ftrui::lion of the captain and his crew, propagated, no 
 doubt, by the Adventure's people, to render an *ft of 
 favage barbarity, that would fcarcely admit of aggra- 
 vation, rtill mdre horrible. But, which gave us full 
 ratlsfadion about this matter, Capt. Furneaux had left 
 a letter for our commander, in which he mentions the 
 lofs of the boat, and ten of his men, in queen Char- 
 lotte's Sound. The day after our arrival at this place, 
 Capt. Cook, accompanied by our gentlemen, waited 
 on Baron Plcttenberg, the Dutch Governor, by whom, 
 and his principal officers, they were treated with the 
 greateft politencfs ; and as at this place rcfrefhments of 
 all kinds may be procured in great abundance, we 
 now, after the numerous fatigues of a long voyage, be- 
 gan to tafte, and enjoy the Tweets of repofe. It is a 
 cuftom here for all the officers to refide on fliore ; in 
 compliance with which, the captain, the two Forfters, 
 and Mr. Sparman took up their abode with Mr. Brandt, 
 well known to our countrymen for his obliging readi- 
 ncfs to ferve them. Our people on board were not ne- 
 cleded ; and being provided daily with frefh baked 
 bread, freflimeat, greens, wine, &c. they werefoon 
 reftored tr) their ufual ftrength, and as foon forgot all 
 paft hardftiips and dangers. 
 
 All hands' were employed now to fupply all our de- 
 feds. Almoft »very thing except the ftanding rigging 
 was to be replaced anew ; and it is well known the 
 charges here for naval ftores are moft exorbitant ; for 
 the Dutch both at the Cape and Batavia, take a fcan- 
 dalous advantage of the diftrefs of foreigners. That 
 our cafks, rigging, fails, &c. (hould be in a fhsttered 
 condition, is eaflly accounted for. In circumnaviga- 
 ting the globe, we mean, from leaving this place to 
 our return to it again, we had failed no lefs than fixty 
 thoufand miles, equal nearly to three times the equa- 
 torial circumference of the earth t but in all this run, 
 which had been made in all latitudes, between 9 and 
 71 deg we fprung neither low-mafts nor top-maft j nor 
 broke fo much as a lower, or top-maft fnrowd. At 
 the Cape, the curiolity of all nations was excited, to 
 learn the fuccefs of our difcoveries, and in proportion 
 to the carneftnefs of the folicitations, wherewith the 
 common men were prefTed, by foreign inquifitors, they 
 took care to gratify them with wonderful relations. 
 Hence many flrangc ftones were circulated abroad, be- 
 fore it was known oy the people at large at home, whe- 
 ther the Refolution had pcrifhed at fea, or was upon her 
 return to Europe. Dunng our ftay here feveral foreign 
 Ibips put in and went out, bound to and from India, 
 namely, Englifh, French, Danes, and three Spanifh 
 fhips, frigates, two going to, and one returning from 
 Manilla. We believe it is but lately, that fhips of this 
 nation have touched here ; and thefe were the firft to 
 whom were allowed the fame privileges as other Euro- 
 pean ftates. We now loft no time in putting all 
 things in readinefs to complete our voyage ; but we 
 were obliged to unhang our rudder, and were alfo de- 
 layed for want of caulkers ; and it was ablblutely ne- 
 ceflary to caulk the (hip before we put to fea. 
 
 On Wednefday, the 26th of April, this work was 
 finifhed, and having got on botnl a frefh fupply of 
 provifions, and all neceUaryfhwcf, wc took leave of the 
 No. 23. 
 
 governor, and his principal officers. On the 37th, wc 
 went on board, and foon after, the itrind cohiing fair* 
 we weighed, and put to fea. When Under fail we fa- 
 luttd the ^rrifon as is cuftohiary, wnA they ieturned 
 the compliment. When clear of the bay We parted 
 company^ with fome of the fhips who failed out with 
 us : the Dartifh fhip fteeted for the Eift Indies, the Spa- 
 nilh frigate, Juno, for Europe, and we and the Dutton 
 Indiam;kn, forSt.Helena, Depending on the goodhefs of 
 Mr. Kendall's watch, we determined to attempt to 
 make the ifland by a direA courfe. The wind, in ge- 
 neral, blew faint all the pafllage, which made it longer 
 than commont 
 
 On' Monday the 1 5th of May, iX day-break, we faw 
 the ifland, diftant fourteen leagues, and anchored, at 
 midnight, before the town, on the N. W. fide of the 
 ifland. Governor Skett6we, and the gentlemen of the 
 ifland, treated us, while we continued here, with the 
 greateft courtefy^ In our narrative of Capt. Cook's 
 former voyage, we have given a full defcription of this 
 ifland i to which we fliall only add, that the inhabi- 
 tants are far from exercifing a wanton cruelty towards 
 their flaves. We are informed alfo, that wheel carri- 
 ages and porters knots have been in ufe among them 
 for many years. Within thefe three years a new church 
 has been built 5 fome other new buildings are eredlihg, 
 a commodious landing-place for boats has been nude, 
 and other improvements, which add both (irength 
 and beauty to the place. Here we finiflied fome necef- 
 fary repairs, which we had not time to complete du- 
 rii^ our ftay at the Cape. Our empty water caflcs were 
 alfo filled, and the ihip's company had frelh beef, at 
 five-pence per pound. This article of refrelhments is 
 exceeding good, and the only one to be procured 
 worth mentioning. On the ai ft in the evening we 
 took leave of the governor, and then repaired on 
 board. The Dutton Indiaman, in company with u4, 
 was ordered not to fall in with Afcenfion, for which 
 we fteered, on account of an illicit trade, carried Oit 
 between the Company's fhips, and fome veflcls from 
 North America, who of late years, had vihted the 
 ifland on pretence of fifliing, when their real defign was 
 to wait the coming of the India fhips. The E)utton was 
 therefore ordered to fteer N. W. by W. or N. W. till 
 to the northward of Afcenfion. With this fhip wc 
 were in company till the 24th, when we parted. A 
 packet for the Admiralty was put on board, and fhc 
 continued her courfe N. W. On Sunday, the 2 8th, we 
 made the ifland of Afcenfion ; and on the evening an- 
 chored in Crofs Bay, in the N. W. fide, half a mile 
 from the fhore, in ten fathoms water. The Crofi-hill, 
 fo called on account of a flag ftalf erected upon it in 
 form of a crofs, bore S. 38 deg. E. and the two extreme 
 poinu of the bay extended from N. E. to S. W. Wc 
 had feveral fifliing parties out every night, and got 
 about twenty-four turtle weighing between four and 
 five hundred weight each. This was our principal ob- 
 jeft, though we might have had a plentifiil fupply of 
 fiftj in general. We have no where fcen old wives in 
 fuch abundance s alfo cavalies, congor cell, and various 
 other forts. 
 
 This ifland lies in the diredtion N. W. and S. E. and 
 is ten miles broad, and five or fix long. Its furface is 
 very barren, and fcarceljr produces a fhrub, plant, or 
 any kind of vegetation, in the fpace of many miles ; 
 inftead of which we faw only ftones and find, or rather 
 flags and afties : hence from the general appearance of 
 the fece of this ifland, it is more than probable, that, 
 at fome time, of which we have no account, it has 
 been deftroyed by a volcano. We met with in our ex- 
 curfions a fmooth even furface in the intervals between 
 the heaps of ftones ; but as one of our people obferved, 
 you may as eafily walk over broken glafs bottles as over 
 the ftones f for if you flip, or make a fidfe ftep, you 
 are fure to be cut or lamed. At the S. E. end of the 
 ifle is a high mountain, which feems to have been left 
 in its original ftatc; for it is covered with a kind of 
 white mari, producing purflain, fpui]g, and one or two 
 fons of grals. On dfefe the goaa feed, which are to 
 3C be 
 
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 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
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 be found in this part of the iflc. Here are Rood land 
 craba, and the Tea abounds with turtle from January to 
 June. They always come on fhorc to lay their eggs in 
 the night, when they arc caught by turning them on 
 their backs, in which podtion tncy are left on the beach 
 till the next morning, when the turtle-catchers fetch 
 tlicm a\yay. We are inclined to think, that the turtles 
 come to this ifland merely for the purpofe of laying 
 their eggs, as we found none but females; nor had 
 thofe we caught any food in their ftomachs. We faw 
 alfo near this place abundance of .iquatic birds, fuch as 
 tropic birds, men of war, boobies, &e. On the N. E. 
 fide we found the remains of a wreck ; (he feemcd to 
 have been a velTol of one hundred and fifty tons bur- 
 then. We were informed, that there is a fine fpring in 
 a valley between two hills, on the top of the moun- 
 tain above mentioned ; bcfidcs great quantities of frelh 
 water in holes in the rocks. While the Refolution lay 
 in the road, a Hoop belonging to New- York anchored 
 l^y her. She had been to the coaft of Guinea with a 
 cargo of goods, and came here under a pretence to take 
 in turtle ; but her real intention was, we believe, to 
 traffic with the olliccrs of our homeward bound Eaft- 
 Indiamcn ; for flic had lain here near a week, and had 
 got on board twenty turtle ; whereas a (loop from Ber- 
 muda, had failed but a few days before, with one hun- 
 dred and five oi\ board, which were as many as flic 
 could take in; but having turned feveral more on dif- 
 ferent beaches, they inhumanly ripped open their bel- 
 lies, for the fake of the eggs, and left the carcafes to 
 putrify. The centre of this ill.nnd of Afccnlion is (itu- 
 ated in the latitude of 8 deg. S. and 14 deg. 28 min. 
 20 fee. W. longitude. 
 
 On WtdncfJ.iy, the 31 ft of May, wc departed from 
 the ifland of Afceniion, and ftecred, with a line gale 
 at S. E. by E. for that of Fernando dc Noronha, on the 
 coaft of Brafil, in order to determine its longitude. In 
 our palfage for tliis place, we had very good weather, 
 and fine moon light nights, which alJoidcd us many 
 opportunities of making lunar obfervatioui. On the 
 9tn of June we made the ifland, which had the ap- 
 pcarance of feveral detached hills ; the largeft of which 
 very much rcfcmblcd the ftccplc of a church. As we 
 advanced, and drew near it, we found the fea broke in 
 a violent furf on fome funken rocks, which lay about a 
 league from the fliorc. We now hoiftcd Englifh co- 
 lours, and bore up round the north end of the ifle, 
 which is a group of little iflots ; for we perceived plainly, 
 that the land was unconneded, and divided by narrow 
 channels. On one of thefe, next the main, are fe- 
 veral ftrong forts, rendered fo by the nature of their 
 fituation, which is fuch as to command all the anchor- 
 ing and landing places aboutthe ifland. Wecontinucd 
 to fail round the northern point, till the fandy beaches, 
 before which is the road for fliipping, and the forts were 
 open to the weftward of the faid point. As the Refo- 
 lution advanced, a gun was fired, and immediately the 
 Portugucfe colours w ere difplayed on all the forts : but 
 not intending to flop here, we fired a gun to the lee- 
 ward, and flood away to the northward, with a frefh 
 breeze at E. S. E. The hill, which appears like a 
 church tower, bore S. 27 deg. W. five miles diftant; 
 and from our prefent point of view it appeared to lean, 
 or over-hang to the eaft. Fernando de Noronha is in 
 no part more than iix leagues in extent, and exhibits 
 an unequal furface, well cloathed with wood and her- 
 bage. Its latitude is 3 deg. 53 min. S. and its longi- 
 tude carried oa by the watch, from St. Helena, is 32 
 deg. 34 min. W. Don Antonio d'Ulloa, in his ac- 
 count of this ifland, fays, " that it hath two harbours, 
 capable of receiving fliips of the grtatell burden ; one 
 is on the north fide, and the other on the N. W. The 
 former is, in every refped, the principal, both for 
 ihelterand capacioufncfs.and thegoodncfsof its bottom; 
 but both are cxpofed to the north and weft, though 
 thefe winds, particularly the north, are periodical, and 
 of no lon^ continuance. You anchor in the north har- 
 tfoxit (which Capt. Cook called a road) in thirteen fa- 
 thoms water, one third of a league from the fliore, bot- 
 
 3 
 
 torn of fine fand j the peaked hilt bearing S. W, ^ deg. 
 foutherly." Thisrtad, o^(iu Ulloa terms it) harbour) 
 is very fecure for fliipping, being fteltered from the 
 fouth and eaftg winds. A mariner • in our fliip, had 
 been aboard a Dutch Eaft Indiaman, who, on account 
 of her crew being fickly, and in want of refrefliments, 
 put into this ifle. By him wc were informed, that the 
 PortUguefe fupplicd them with fomc buffaloes j and 
 that they got their water behind one of the beaches, 
 from a fmall pool fcarcely big enough to dip a 
 bucket in. 
 
 On Sunday, the i ith of June, at three o'clock P. M. 
 in longitude 32 deg. 14 min. wc croflid the line. Wc 
 had fqually weather from the E. S. E. with'fliowers of 
 rain, w hich cotitinued, at times, till the 1 2th, and on 
 the 23th the wind became variable. At noon were in 
 the latitude of 3 deg. 49 min. N. and in 31 deg. 47 
 min. W. longitude. We had now for moft part of the 
 day, dark, gloomy weather, till the evening of the 1 5th, 
 at which time wc were in latitude 5 deg. 47 min. N. 
 and in 31 deg. W. longitude. After this we had 
 three fucceflivc calm days, in which wc had fair wea- 
 ther and rains, alternately ; and fometimes the flcy was 
 obfcured by dcnfc clouds, which broke in very heavy 
 fliowcrs of rain. On Sunday, the 18th, we had a 
 breeze at eaft, which fixed at N. E. and we ftretched 
 to N. W. As we advanced to the north, the gale in- 
 crcafed. On Wcdnefday, the 21ft, Capt. Cook or- 
 dered the rtill to be fet to work; with a view of making 
 thegreateft quantity poflible of frefli water. To try 
 this experiment, the ftill was fitted to the largeft cop- 
 per «e had, which held about fixty-four gallons of fait 
 water. At four o'clock, A. M. the fire was lighted, 
 and at fix the ftill began to run. The operation was 
 coni^iniied till fix in the evening: at which time we had 
 obtained thirty-two gallons of frefli water, and con- 
 fiimed one bulhel and a half of coals. At noon, the 
 mercury in the thermometer was eighty-four and a 
 hilf, as high as it is generally found to rife at fea. 
 Had it been lower, more water would have been pro- 
 cured; for it is well known, that thecokler the air is, 
 the cooler the ftill may be kept, whereby -.hefteam will 
 be condenfed fafter. This invention u()on the w hole 
 is a ufcful one, but it would not be prudent for a navi- 
 gator to trurt wholly to it ; for though with plenty of 
 fuel, and good coppers, as much water may be ob- 
 tained, as w ill be neccflary to fupport life, yet the ut- 
 moft efforts that can be employed in thjls work, will 
 not procure a fufiiciency to fupport health, efpccially in 
 hot climates, where frefli water is moft wanted j and 
 in the opinion of Capt. Cook, founded on experience, 
 the beft judge of this matter, nothing can contribute 
 more to the health of feamen, than their having plenty 
 of fweet frefli water. 
 
 On Sunday, the 25th, we were in latitude 16 deg. 
 1 2 min. N. and in 37 deg. 20 min. W. longitude. Ob- 
 ferving a fliip to windward, bearing down upon us, wc 
 fhortencd fail ; but on her approaching, we found by 
 her colours flic was Dutch ; we therefore made fail 
 again, and left her to purfuc her courfe. On the 28th, 
 wc obferved in the latitude of 21 deg. 21 min. N, lon- 
 gitude 40 deg. 6 min. W. and our courfe made good 
 was N. by W. On the 30th, a fhip palfed us within 
 hale I but fhe was prefently out of fight, and we judged 
 her to be Englifli. We were now in the latitude of 24 
 deg. 20 min. N. longitude 40 deg. 47 min. W. In la- 
 titude 29 deg. 30 min. we faw fome fea-plants, com- 
 monly called gulph weed, becaufe it is fuppnfcd to 
 come from the gulph of Florida ; it may be fo, and 
 yet it certainly vegetates at fea. We continued to fee 
 this plant in fmall pieces, till in the latitude of 36-deg. 
 N. beyond which parallel we faw no more of it. On 
 Wcdnefday, the 5th of July, the wind veered to the 
 eaft ; and the next day it was a calm. On the 7th and 
 8th wc had variable light airs; but on the 9th, the wind 
 fixed at S. S. W. after which we had a frefh gale, and 
 fteered firft N. E. and then E. N. E. our intention be- 
 ing to make fome of the Azores, or Weftem Ifles. 
 OnTuefday, the iith, wtf were in latitude 36 deg. 
 
 45 min. 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the SoUthSeai ic hound the H^orU. 195 
 
 45 min. N. and in 36 deg. 45 min. W. longitude, when 
 we defcricd a fail accringto the weft; and on the nth, 
 we came in fight of three more. 
 . On Thuriifiy, the 13th, we made the ifte of Fayal, 
 and on the 14th, at dajr-break, we entered the bay of 
 De Horta, and at eight o'clock anchored in twenty fa- 
 thoin* water, about half a mile from the (hore. Our 
 defign in touching at this place, was to make obfcrva- 
 tions, from whence might be determined with accu- 
 racy the longitude of the Azores. We were dirci^ted 
 by the mafter of the port, who came on board before 
 we cart anchor, to moor N. E. and S. W. in this ftation, 
 the S. W. point of the bay bore S. 1 6 deg. W. and the N. 
 E. point, N. 33 deg, E. The church at the N. E. end 
 of the town N. 38 deg. W. the weft point of St. 
 George's ifland N, 4a deg. E. diftant eight leagues j 
 and the iflc of Pico extending from N. 74 deg. E. to 
 ■S. 46 deg. E. diftant five miles. In the H'.y wc found 
 the Pourvoyer, a large French frigate, an Ameritan 
 floop, and a brig belonging to Fayal. On thfc 14th, 
 the Captain fent to the Englifli conful, and notified our 
 arrival to the governor, begging his pcrmifTion to grant 
 Mr. Wales an opportunity tO make his obfcrvation.s 
 on (hore. "This was readily granted, and Mr. Dent, 
 who aifted as conful in the ablcncc of Mr. Gathorne, 
 not only procured this permifiion, but accommodated 
 Mr. Wales with a convenient place in his garden to fct 
 up his inftrunicnts ,' and in fevcral other particulars, this 
 gentleman difcovcred a friendly readinefs to oblige us : 
 even his houfe was always at our command both night 
 and day ; and the entertainment we met with there was 
 liberal and hofpitable. All the time we flaid at this 
 place, the crew of our Ihip were fupplicd with plenty 
 bf frcfti beef, and we purchafed about fifty tons of 
 water, at the rate of about three ftiillings per ton. To 
 hire (hore boats is the moft general cuftom here, though 
 Ihipsare allowed, if they prefer many inconvenicncics 
 to a trifling expencc, to water with their own boats. 
 Fre(h provifions may be got, and hogs, flicep, and 
 poultry, for fea-ftock, at reafonable rates. The (hccp 
 are not only fmall, they are alfo very poor ; but thi 
 bullocks and hogs are exceeding good. Here is plenty 
 of wine to be had. 
 
 ■ Before we proceed with our own obfervations, made 
 during our abode at Fayal, it may be agreeable to our 
 readers, to give them a brief account and dcfcription of 
 all the Azores, or Weftern lllands. Thcfc have by 
 different get^raphers, been varioufiy dccined parts of 
 America, Africa, and Europe, as they are alniolt in a 
 central point ; but we apprehend they may with more 
 
 Sropriety be confidered as belonging to the latter, 
 hey are a group oi' iflands, (ituated in the Atlantic 
 ocean, between twenty-five and thirty-two degrees of 
 welt longitude, and between thirty-feven and forty 
 north latitude, nine hundred miles weft of Portugal, 
 and as many eaft of Newfoundland. They are nine in 
 number, viz. St. Maria, St. Miguel or St. Michael, 
 Terceira, St. George, Graciofa, Fayal, Pico, Flores, 
 and Corvo, 
 
 Thefe iflands were firft difcovered by fomc Flemilh 
 fhips in 1439, and afterwards by the Portuguefe in 
 1447, to whom they now belong. The two wefl:ern- 
 moft were named Flores and Corvo, from the abun- 
 dance of flowers on the one, and crows on the other. 
 They arc all fertile, and fubjedt to a governor-general, 
 who refides at Angra in Terceira, which is alfo the feat 
 of the bi(hop, whofe diocefe extends over all the 
 Azores, The income of the latter, which is paid in 
 wheat, amounts to about two hundred pounds uerling 
 a year. On every ifland there is a deputy-governor, 
 }vho dire^ the police, militia, and revenue ; and a 
 juiz, or judge, is at the head of the law department, 
 from whom lies an appeal to a higher court iit Terceira, 
 and from thence to the fupreme court at Liftxin. The 
 natives of thefe iflands are faid to be very litigious. 
 
 St. Miguel, the largeft, is one hundred miles in 
 circumference, contains about twenty-nine thoufand 
 inhabitants, and is veryTertilc in wheat and flax. Its 
 chief town is Panta del Gado. This ifland was twice 
 ravaged by the EngU(!i in th? Um? of queen Eliiabeth, 
 
 Terceira it reckoned the chief ifland, on account of 
 its having the bed harbour ; and its chief town, named 
 Angra, being the rcfidence of the governor-general 
 and the bifliop. The town contains a cathedral,: five 
 other churches, eight convents, feveral courts of Of- 
 fices, fkc. and is defended by two fortii. 
 
 The ifland of Pico, fo called from ta mountain of 
 va(t height, produces excellent wine, cedar, and 
 a valuable wood callci'. teixos. On the (buth of 
 the ifland is the principal harbour, called Villa das 
 Lngcns. 
 
 The inhabitants of Flores having been many years 
 ago infcdted with the venereal difeale by the crew of a 
 Spanifli man of war, that was wrecked upon their coa(t, 
 the evil, it is faid, (till maintains its ground there, none 
 of the inhabitants being free from it, as in Peru, and 
 feme parts of Siberia, 
 
 Travellers relate, that no poifonous or venomous ani- 
 mal is to be found in the Azores, and that if carried 
 thither, it will expire in a few hours. One tenth of 
 alt their produdlions belong to the king, and the arti- 
 cle of tobacco brings in a confiderable lum. The wine, 
 called Fayal wine, is chiefly raifed in the ifland of Prco, 
 which lies oppofite to Fayal, From eighteen to twenty 
 thoufand pipes of that wine are made there yearly. AH 
 of thcfc iflands enjoy a falubrioiis air, but are expqfcd 
 to violent earthquakes, from which they have frequently 
 fuffcred. 
 
 Villa de Horta, the chief town in Fayal, like all the 
 towns belonging to the Portuguefe, is crowded with 
 religious buildings ; there being no Icfs in this little 
 city, than three convents for men^ and two for women. 
 Here are alfo eight churches, including thofe belonging 
 to the convents, and that in the Jcfuits college. This 
 college is a noble ftrudure, and featcd on an elevation 
 ill the plcafantcft part of the city. Since the expul- 
 (ion of that order, it has been fuHercd to go to decay, 
 and, in a few years, by the all confuming hand of time, 
 may be reduced to a heap of ruins. The principal, 
 produce of Fayal is wheat and Indian corn, with which 
 the inhabitants fupply Pico, which in return fends 
 them wine more than fuflicicnt for their confumpribn, 
 ■great quantities being annually fhipped from De Horta 
 (for at I'ico there is no road for (hipping) for America, 
 whence it has obtained the name of Fayal wine. The 
 Villa de Horta is fituated in the bottom of a bay, clofc 
 to the edge of the fca. It is defended by two caftles, 
 one at each end of the town, and a (tone work extend- 
 ing along the fca fliorc from the one to the other. But 
 thefe works ferve more for (hew than defence j but it is 
 a pity they (hould be fufFcred to run to decay; feeing 
 they heighten greatly the profpcdl of the city, which 
 is very beautiuil from the road ; but fetting afldc the 
 religious houfes and churches, we faw not another edi- 
 fice, that has any thing either within or without to re- 
 commend it. J t is not the cultom in thefe parts among 
 the Portuguefe, or Spaniards, to have glafs windows, 
 but in this town the churches, and a country houfe 
 lately belonging to the Englifh conful, have their win- 
 dows glazed : all others are latticed, which gave them 
 in our eyes the appearance of prifons. Before this 
 Villa, at the ealt end of the ifland, is the bay or road 
 of Fayal, which faces the welt end of Pico. It is a 
 fcmi-circle, about two miles in diameter ; and its depth, 
 or femi-diametcr, is three-fourths of a mile. The bot- 
 tom is fandy, and the depth of water from fix to twenty 
 fathoms ; but near the (nore, particularly at the S. W. 
 head, the bottom is rocky ; as it al(b is without the 
 line that.conneds the two points of the bay ; on which 
 account it is not fafe to anchor too fai out. The bear- 
 ings which wc have laid down when moored in this 
 road, are fulficient to dircd; any (teerfman to the beft 
 ground. The winds to which this road lies molt ex- 
 pofed are thofe that blow from between the S, S. W. 
 and S. E, but as you can always get to fea with the lat- 
 ter, this is not fo dangerous as the former j and we were 
 told, there is a fmall cove round the S. W, point, called 
 Porto Piere, where fmall vclTels are heaved down, and 
 wherein a (hip may lay tolerably fafb. Upon the whole, 
 wc by no means think this road of Fayal a bad one. Wc 
 
 were 
 
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196 
 
 Capt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
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 Were informed, by • Portugucfc capuin of the follow- 
 ing piRiculan, which, if true, arc not unworthy of 
 notice. However, hii account may be attended to by 
 captaini of (hipi, though not entirely relied on. This 
 Portusucfe told ui, that in the direction of S. E. about 
 half aleague from the road, and in a line between that 
 and the fouth (idea of Pico, lies a concealed funken 
 rock, covered with twenty-two liithom water, and on 
 which the Tea brealu from the fouth. He alfo gave us 
 to underftand, that of all the <hoals about thefe ifles 
 t)iat are laid down in our charts, and pilot books, only 
 one has any exigence, which lies between the iflands of 
 St. Mary and St. Nlichael, called Honningan. He 
 further informed us, that the diftance between Fayal 
 and the idand of Flores, is forty-five leagues; and that 
 there runs a llronff tide between Fayal and Fico,the flood 
 fating to the N. E. and the ebb to the S. W. but out at 
 lea, tlic diredion is eall and wed. By i^arious obfcr- 
 vations, the true longitude of this bay was found to be 
 38 deg. 39 min. 18 Ice. and an half. 
 
 On Wedncfday, the 1 9th, at four o'clock A. M. we 
 failed out of the bav, and (leered for the wed end cf 
 St. Geore;e's idana. Having paflcd this, we duped 
 ourcouric E. half S. for the idand of Terceirai and 
 after a run of fourteen leagues, we found ourfclves not 
 more than one league from the wed end. We now pro- 
 ceeded a3 expeditioudy as the wind would permit for 
 England ; and on Saturday, the 29th, we made the land 
 near Plymouth. On the followii^ day, the 30th, we 
 cad anchor at Spithead, when Capt. Cook, in com- 
 pany with Meflrs. Wales, Forders, and Hodges, landed 
 at Portfmouth, and from thence fct out for London. 
 The whole time of ourabfencc from England was three 
 years and eighteen days ; and owing to the unbounded 
 goodnefs ofan Almighty Prefcrver, who indulgently 
 ravouried our attempt^ and fcconded our endeavours, 
 nofu'ithdanding the various changes of climates (and 
 they were as various as can be experienced) we lod only 
 one man by ficknefs, and three by other caufcs. Even 
 the finele circumdance of keeping the diip's company 
 in health, by means of the greatcd care and attention, 
 will make this voyage remarkable in the opinion of 
 every humane perfon; and we trud the grand end of 
 this expedition, and the purpofcs for which we were 
 fent into the fouthcm hemifpncrc were diligently and 
 Aifficiently purfued. The Rcfolution made the circuit 
 of the fouthern ocean in a high latitude, and Capt. 
 Cook traverfed it in fuch a manner, as to leave no room 
 for a mere poflibility of there being a continent, unlefs 
 near the pole, and confequently out of the reach of na- 
 vigation. However, by having twice explored the 
 tropical fea, the fituation of old difcoveries were de- 
 termined, and a number of new ones made ; fo that, 
 we flatter ourfelves, upon the whole, the intention of 
 the voyage has, thougn not in every refpedt, yet upon 
 the whole, been fufliciently anfwered ; and by having 
 explored fo minutely the fouthcm hemifpherc, a flnal 
 end may, perhaps, be put, to fearching after a conti- 
 nent, in that part of the globe, which has, of late 
 years, and, indeed, at times, for the two lad centu- 
 ries, engroflcd the attention of fome of the maritime 
 powers, and been a favourite theory among geogra- 
 phers of all ages. The probability of there being a 
 continent, or Tatge track of land, near the Pole, has 
 been already granted ; and we may have fcen part of 
 it. The extreme cold, the numberlefs idands, and 
 die vafl: floats of ice, give drength to this conjedure, 
 and all tend to prove, that there mud be main land to 
 the fouth ; but that this muft extend fartheft to the 
 north, oppofite to the fouthern Atlantic and Indian 
 oceans, we have already afligned feveral reafons ; of 
 which one is, the greater degree of cold in thefe feas, 
 than in the fouthern Pacific Ocean, under the fame 
 parallels of latitude ; for in this lad ocean, the mer- 
 cury in the thermometer AkJom fell fo low as the free- 
 zing point, till we were in latitude 60 deg. and up. 
 wards ; whereas in the other oceam, it fell as low m 
 the latitude of 54 deg. the caufe whereof we attributed 
 to a greater quantity of ice, which extended farther 
 north in the Atlantic and Indian oceam, than in the 
 4 
 
 fouth Pacific Sea 1 and fuppofing the ice to be fird 
 fbrmed at, or near land, of which wc are fully per- 
 fuaded, it wilt be an undeniable confcaucnce, that the 
 land extends farther north. But what oeneflt can ao- 
 crue from lands thus lituated, fliould they be difco- 
 vercd? lands doomed to cverladins frigidnefsj and 
 w hofc horrible and favage afpcdl no unguagc or words 
 can defcribe. Will any one venture farther in fcarch 
 after fuch a country, than our brave and fkilful com- 
 mandcr has done? Let him proceed, and may the God 
 of univerfal nature be his guide. Wc heartily wifli him 
 fuccefs, nor will we envy bim the honour of his dif- 
 covery. In behalf of ourfclves, the bxlitors, who have 
 the honour of fubmitting to the judgment of the pub- 
 lic, this New, and complete Hidory of Capuin Conk's 
 Second Voyage, wc mud not fay much, as by that 
 Judgment we dand or fall : thus much, however, we 
 willventurc to fay, that this narrative is not defective 
 in point of intelligence, that the fads are true, and 
 that the whole is cxprclTcd in an eafy dile, which, wc 
 flatter ourfclves will not be difpleafing to our numerous 
 friends, whofc favours we here take the opportunity of 
 gratefully acknowledging. It has been obferved, that 
 the principal officers of the Rcfolution delivered their 
 journals into the cudody of Capt. Cook ; and, on his 
 arrival in England, Capt. Furneaux alfo put into hi* 
 hands a narrative of what happened in the Adventure 
 afte- her final fcparation from the Rcfolution. But 
 it is here neceflary to remark further, that fome of- 
 ficers in both (hips refervcd their private journals, and 
 certain ingenious memorials, to gratify the curiotity of 
 their friends. From fuch materials thefe fliects are 
 compofed ; nor have we had recourfe to any printed au- 
 thorities, but from the folc view of corrcding errors 
 in fome places, and rendering this undertaking, a full, 
 comprehenlivc and pcrfed work. This premifed, we 
 fliall now lay before our readers a complete narrative of 
 Capt. Furncaux's proceedings in the Adventure, to 
 which we (hall Cubjoin the improvements that have been 
 made, refpcding the means of prefcrving the health of 
 our fcamcn, and particularly tnofe that were ufed bv 
 Capt. Cook in his voyages ; and to thefe we (hall add, 
 a table of the language of the natives of the Societ/ 
 Ides, with an explanation of their meaning in £n^ 
 lifli, &c. &c. 
 
 A new, accurate, full, and complete Account of 
 CIapt. FURNEAUX's proceedings in the Adven- 
 ture, from the time he was feparated from the Re- 
 solution, to his arrival in England ; wherein is 
 comprifcd a faithful relation relpeding the boat's 
 crew, who were murdered, and eaten by the Can- 
 nibals of Queen Charlotte's Sound in New Zea- 
 land. 
 
 AD 17 INOdoberwe madcthe coadof New 
 • ' 773' Zealand, after a palTagc of fourteen days 
 from Amderdam, and dood along (hore till wc reached 
 Cape Turnagain, when a heavy dorm blew us off the 
 coad for three days fucccflivcly, in which time we were 
 feparated from our confort, the Rcfolution, and faw 
 her not afterwards, in the courfe of her voyage. On 
 Thurfday, the 4th of November we regained the 
 (hore, near to Cape Pallifer. Some of the natives 
 brought us in their canoes abundance of cray-fifh and 
 fruit, which they exchanged for ourOtahcite cloth, 
 nails, &c. On the 5th the dorm again returned, and 
 we were driven off the fliore a fecund time by a vio- 
 lent ^e of wind, accompanied with heavy falls of 
 fleet, which lafted two days ; fo that by this time our 
 decks bqgan to leak, our beds and bedding were wet, 
 which gave many of our people colds ; and now we 
 were mod of us complaining, and all began to defpair 
 of ever getting into the found, or, which we had moll 
 at heart, of loining the Rcfolution. Wc combated 
 the ftorm till Saturday, the 6th, when being to the 
 north of the Cape, and having a hard gale from S. W. 
 we bore away for fome bay, in order to complete our 
 wood and water, of both which articles we were at pre- 
 
 lent. 
 
i-^^^ioimlking Difc9verifs in the South Seas ic Round the World. 197 
 
 ournumcrouf 
 
 fcnt, in great want. For foine day* paft wc had been 
 at the allowance of one quart of water, and i( was 
 thought lix or fevcn dayi more wtilild deprive ui even 
 of chat fcanty pittance. On Tuefdity, the 9th, in la- 
 titude 38 deg. a I min. S. and in 178 deg. 37 min. E. 
 longitude, we came abreaft of Tolaga bay, and in the 
 forenoon anchored in eleven fathom* water, ftiif muddy 
 KTound, w hich lay* acroA the bay for about two milei. 
 This harbour i« open from N. N. E. to £. S. E. never- 
 thcleft, it affords good riding with a weftcrly windi 
 and here are regular ibundingi from five to twelve f^ 
 thorns. Wood and water are eafily procured, except 
 when the winds blow hard eafterly, and then, ai fuch 
 times, which are but feldom, they throw in a great 
 fea. The natives about this bay are the fame as thofe 
 at Queen Charlotte's Sound, btjt more numerous, and 
 have regular plantations of Tweet potatoes, ami other 
 roots. They have plenty of fi(h of all forts, which wc 
 purch^fed with nails, beads, and other trifles. In one 
 of their canoes, we faw the head of a woman lying in 
 ftate, adorned with feathers, and other ornanients. It 
 had all the appearance of life, but, upon a nearer view, 
 we found it had been dried \ yet, every feature was in 
 due prefervatioii and perfed. We judged it to have 
 been the head of fome deceated relative, kept as a relic. 
 It was at an ifland in this bay where the Endeavour's 
 people obferved the largeft canoe they met with during 
 their whole voyage. It was, according to account, no 
 Icfs than fixty-eight iexx and a half unur, five broad, 
 and three tect fix inches high : it had a (harp bottom, 
 condlling of three trunks of tren hollowed, of which 
 that in the middle was longcft : the fide fdanks wcie 
 fixty-two feet tong in one piece, and were ornamented 
 with carvings, not unlike fillagree work, in fplrals of 
 very curious worknianfhip, the extremities whereof 
 were clofed with a figure that formed the head of the 
 veflel, in which were two monflrous eyes of mother of 
 pearl, and a large ihapcd tongue \ and as it defcended 
 It dill retained the figure of a monfter, with hands and 
 feet carved upon it very neatly, and painted red. It 
 had alfo a high peaked flern, wrought in fillagree, and 
 adorned with feathers, from the cop of which two Ions 
 flreamers depended, made of the fame macsrials, which 
 almoR reached the water. From this dcfcription we 
 mie;hc be tempted to fuppofe, thefe canoes to be the 
 vcireU, and this to be the country, lying to the iouth, 
 of which C^iroB received intelligence at Taunuio; 
 and where Toabia faid they ate men, and had fuch 
 laige (hips as he could not defcribe. On Friday, the 
 1 2th, having taken aboard ten tons of water and 
 fome wood, we fet fail for the Sound ; but we were 
 fcarcely out wheh the wind began to blow dead hard on 
 the (horc, fo that, not being able to clear the land on 
 cither tack, we were obliged to return to the bay, where 
 we arrived the next morning of the 13th; v.nd having 
 anchored, we rode out a heavy gale of • :.A at E. by 
 S. attended with a very great fea. We «.o\v j;.<gan to 
 fear the weather had put it out of our pow^. to join 
 our confort, having reafon to believe (he was in Char- 
 lotte Sound, the appointed place of rendezvous, and 
 by this time ready for fea. Part of the crew were now 
 employed in ftoppiag leaks, and repairing our rigging, 
 which was in a moft (battered condition. 
 
 On the 14th and 1 5th, we hoided out our boats, and 
 fent them to increafe our flock of wobd and water; but 
 on the laft day the furf rofe fo high, that they could not 
 make the land. On Tuefday, the i6th, having made 
 the (hip as fnug as poflible, wc unmoored at three 
 o'clock A. M. and before (ix got under way. From 
 this time to the twenty-ei^th, we had nothing but 
 tcmpefluous weather, in which our rigging was aimoft 
 blown to pieces, and our men quite worn down with &- 
 tigue. On Monday, the 29th, our water being nearly 
 expended, wc were again reduced to the fcanty allow- 
 ance of a quart a man per diem. We continiwd beat- 
 ing backward and forward tUl the torh, when the wea- 
 ther became more moderate; and havii^ got a fitvour- , 
 able wind, we wrere fo happy at laft as to gain with ' 
 fatety our defired port. After gttting throu^ Cook's 
 Straits, we caft anchor at three o'clock, P. M. in 
 Na 23. 
 
 (^{een Charlotte's Sound. We faw nothing of the Re- 
 fdution, and began to doubt her fafcty ; but upon hav- 
 ing landed, we dUcovercd the place where (he had 
 pitched her tents; and upon further examination, on 
 a,n old (lump of a tree, we read thefe words cut out 
 " Look underneath." Wc complied inftantly with 
 thefe indrudiions, and> diggin*;, foon found a bottle 
 corked and waxed, down, wherein was a letter from 
 Capt. Cook, informing us of their arrival at this place 
 on the 3d in(lant,and thoii departure on the 24th, and 
 that they intended fpeoding a few days in the entrancq 
 of the Straits to look for us. We immediately fet 
 about the necefftiY repairs of the (hip, with an intention 
 of getting her to lea a* (bon as pofTible. On the i ft of 
 December, the tents were carried on (bore, thearmou. 
 rer's forge put up, ani every preparation made for th« 
 recovery of^ the fick. The cooper* were difpatchcd on 
 (hore to mend the cafks, and we began to unftow the 
 hold to get at the bread ; but upon opening dw cafks, 
 we found a great quantity of it entirely fpoilcd, and 
 moll part fo oamagcd, that we were obliged to bake it 
 over again, which unavoidably delaved us fome time. 
 At intervals, during our (lay here, the natives came on 
 board as ufual with great familiaritv. They gcnenlly 
 brought fUb, or whatever they had to barter with us, 
 and feemed to behave with great civi'ity; though 
 twice in one night they came to the tents with an inten. 
 tion of ftealing, but were difcovered before they had 
 acctMnplifhed their defign. A party alfo came down 
 in the night of the i3tn, and robbed the aflrttnomcr's 
 tent of every thing they could carry awav. This they 
 did fo quietly, that they were not fo much as heard, or 
 fufpedled, till the aflronomer getting up to make an 
 obtervation, miffed his inflruments, and charged the 
 centinei with the robbery. This brought on a pretty 
 fevere altercation, during which they fpicd an Indian 
 creeping from the tent, at whom Mr. Bailey fired, and 
 wounded him ; neverthelefs he made a Ihift to retreat 
 into the woods. The report of the gun had alarmed 
 his confederates, who, inilead of putting off from the 
 ihore, fled into the woods, leaving their canoe, with 
 moft of the things that had been Rolen, a-ground on 
 the beach. This petty faureny, it is pn^bable, laid the 
 foundation of that dreadful cataflrophe which fooi^ 
 after happened. 
 
 On Friday, the 1 7th, at which time we were preparing 
 for our departure, we fent out our large cutter, manned 
 with 7 feamen,uiider the command of Mr. John Rowe, 
 the fiiil mate, accompanied by Mr. Woodhoufe, mid- 
 (hipman, and James Tobias Swillor, the carpenter's 
 fervant. They were to proceed up tne Sound to Grafs 
 Cove, to gather greens and celery for the (hip's com- 
 pany, with orders to return that evening t for the tents 
 had been ftrtick at two in the afternoon, and the (hip 
 nnade ready for failing the next day. Ni^t coming on, 
 and no cutter appearing, the capuin ami others began 
 to exprcfs great unca(inefs. They fat up all night, in 
 expedation of their arrival, but to no purpole. At 
 day -break, therefore, the Captain ordered the launch 
 to be hoiftcd out. She was double manned, and under 
 the command of our fecond lieutenant, Mr. Bumey, 
 accompanied by Mr. Freeman, mailer, the corporal of 
 marines with five private men, all well armed, and hav. 
 ing plenty of ammunition^ two wall pieces, and three 
 days provifions. They were ordered flrfl to look into 
 eafl bay, then to proceed to Grafs Cove, and if nothing 
 was to be feen or heard of the cutter there, they were 
 to go further up the cove, and return by the weft (liore. 
 Mr. Row having left the (hip an hour before the time 
 propofed for his departure, we thought his curiofity 
 might have carried him into eaft bay, none of our peo- 
 ple having ever been there, or that fome accident might 
 nave happened to the boat ; for not the lead Ibfpicion 
 was enteruined of the lutives, our boats having been 
 higher up, and worfc prodded. Mr. Bunicy returned 
 about eleven o'clock the fame night, and gave us a 
 pointed defcription of a moft horrible fcene indeed ; 
 the fubftance, and every material particular of whofe 
 , report, are conuined in the folfowing rclatioiv which 
 includes the remarks ofthofe who attended Mr. Burnev. 
 3 D On 
 
 
 
 !■-.'■(. I 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 i'l I 
 
 i 
 It 
 
On Sanirdav the i8th, purfuanc to our orderi, we 
 left the (hip, aoout nine o'clock in the morning. H«v- 
 in^f a light breeze in our favour, wc foon got round 
 Lxiii(T llUnd, and L na Point. We continued faitinff 
 and row ing for Eall Bay, keeping clofe in fhorc, and 
 examining with our glafTct every cove on the lar- 
 board (\m, till near two o'cliKk in the afternoon, at 
 which time we ftop(Kd at a bearh on our left going 
 up liart Bay, to dref* our dinner. While we were 
 cooking we Taw an Indian on the oApofite Ihoro, run- 
 ning along a beach to the head of the bay i and when 
 our meat was jttiV done, we uerceived a con^pany of 
 the native* fccmingly verv bufy i ujjon feeing which, we 
 got immediately into the boat, put off, and rowed 
 quickly to the place where the favages were aflcmblcd, 
 which was at tne head of thi.t reacn i and here, while 
 approaching, we difcemed one of their fettlement*. 
 An we drew near fome of the Indians came down upon 
 the rocks, and w aved for us to depart ; but perceiving 
 wc difregarded them, they altered their gefturcs, and 
 wild notes. At this place weobferved fix large canoes 
 hauled upon the beach, moft of them being double 
 ones ; but the numlicr of people were in proportion 
 neither to the fize of thefc canoes, nor the number of 
 hnufcs. Our little company, confifting of the con 
 porni and his five marines, headed by Mr. Burney, 
 now landed, leaving the boat's crew to guard it. U|)on 
 our approach the natives Hcd with great precipitation. 
 Wc followed them clofcly to a little town, which we 
 found deferted ; but while we were employed in fcarch- 
 ing their hues, the natives returned, making a (hew of 
 rcliftancc ; but fomc trifling prefents being made to 
 their chiefs, they were very loon appcafed. However 
 on our return to the boat, the favages again followed 
 Vs, and fomc of them threw Rones. As wc came dow n 
 to the beach, one of the Indians had brought a bundle 
 of Hepatoos, or long fpears, but feeing Mr. Mumey 
 looked very earneftly at him, he walked about with 
 Teeming unconcern. Some of his companions appear- 
 ing to DC terrified, a few trifles were giviin to each of 
 them. I'rom the place w here we now landed, the bay 
 feemed to run a full mile, N. N. W. where it ended in 
 a long Tandy beach. After dinner wc tonk a view of 
 «hc country near the coaft with our glafTes, but faw not 
 a canoe, or (igns of inhabitants, alter which we fired 
 the wall pieces as fignals to the cutter, if any of the 
 people thould happen to be within hearing. We now 
 renewed our fcarcn along the eafl (bore; and came to 
 another fcttlemcnt where the Indians invited us afhore. 
 IVe enquired of themaliout the cutter, but they pre- 
 tended ignorance. They feemed very friendly, and fold 
 «is foine fifh. 
 
 .\z about five o'clock in the afternoon, and within 
 an hour after we had left this place, wc opened a fmall 
 bay adjoining tii" Grafs Cove, and her6 wc law a large 
 «ioublc canoe, juft hauled upon the beach, with two 
 men and a dog. The two favages, on feeing us ap- 
 wroach, inftantly fled, which made us fufpedt, it was 
 here we ihould have fome tidings of the cutter. On 
 landing, and examining the canoe, the firft thing wc faw 
 therein were one of our cutter's rullock ports, and fome 
 ilioes. one of which among the latter, was known to be- 
 long to Mr. Woodhoufe. A piece of flelh was found 
 by one of our people, which at firft was thought tc be 
 ioitie of the fait meat belonging to the cutter's men, 
 but upon examination, we fuppofed it to be dog's fiefh ; 
 a inoli horrid and undeniable proof foon dearcS up our 
 doubts, and convinced us wc were among no other 
 than cannibals; for advancing further on the beach, we 
 faw about twenty balkets tied up, and a dog eating a 
 piece of broilea flefh, which upon examining we tuf- 
 peded to be human. We cut open the bafkets, fomc 
 of which were full of roafted flelh, and others of fern 
 root, which ferves them tor bread. Searching others 
 we found more Ihoes, and a hand, which was imme- 
 diately known to have belon^d to Thomas Hill, one 
 of our fore-caftic men, it havuig been tatowed with the 
 initials of his name. Wc now proceeded a little way 
 ill the woods, but faw nothing elfc. Our next deflgn 
 was to launch the canoe, intending to doftrojr her; 
 
 but feeing a great fmoke afcending over the ncarcfV 
 hill, we made all pollible hade to be with them before 
 fun-fet. 
 
 At half after (Ix we opennl (Jrafs Cove, where we 
 faw one Unglc, and three double canoes, and a great 
 many natives affemblcti on the beach, who retreated 
 to a fmall hill, within a (hip's length of the water- 
 fide, where thev ftootl talking to us. On the top of 
 the high land, beyond the woods, was a large lire, 
 from whence all the way down the hill, the place was 
 rhronged like a fair. When we entered the cove, a 
 iTiufquctoon was fired at one of the canoes, as wc ima - 
 ginal they might be full of men lying down ( fur thty 
 were all afloat, but no one was fcen in them. Being 
 doubtful whether their retreat proceeded from fear, or 
 a defirc to decoy us into an ambufca.'e, we were deter- 
 mined not to be furprifed, and therefore running dole 
 in (1iore,we dropped the grappling near enough to reach 
 them with ot;r gunsi but at too great a diftance to be 
 under any apprehcniions from tncir treachery. I'hc 
 favages on the little hill kept their ground, hallooing, 
 and making ligns for us to land. At thefc we now 
 took aim, refolving to kill as many of them as our 
 bullets would reach ; yet it was fome time before wc 
 could dillfldge them. The firft volley did not fccn> to 
 affect them 'much; but on the fecond, they began to 
 fcrambic away as fall they could, fome howling and 
 others limping. Wc continued to fire as long as we 
 ix)uld fee the leaft glimpfe of any of them through 
 the bufhes. Amon^ thefe were two very robuft men, 
 who maintained thcirground, without moving an inch, 
 till they found themfelves forfaken by all their compa- 
 nions, and then, difdaining to run, they marched ofi' 
 with great compufurc and (deliberation. One of them, 
 however, got a fall, and either lay there, or crawled 
 away on his hands and feet ; but thcothcr efcaped with- 
 out any apparent hurt. Mr. Burney now improved 
 their panic, and, fupported by the marines, leapt on 
 (hore, and purfued the fugitives. Wc had not ad- 
 vanced far from the water-fide, on the beach, before 
 we met with two bundles of celery, which had been 
 gathered by the cutter's crew. A broken oar was ftuck 
 upright in the ground, to which the natives had tied 
 their canoes ; whereby we were convinced this was the 
 fpot where the attack had been made. We now fearched 
 all along at the back of the beach, to fee if the cutter 
 was there, but inftead of her, the moft horrible fccne 
 was prefented to our view, that was ever beheld by 
 any European; for here lay the hearts, heads, and 
 lungs of Icveral of our people, with hands and limbs, 
 in a mangled condition, fomc broiled and fome raw ; 
 but no other parts of their bodies, which made us fuf- 
 pe£t, that the cannibals had feafted upon, and de- 
 voured the reft. To complete this ihocking view of 
 carnage and barbarity, at a little diftance, wc faw the 
 dogs gnawing their intrails. Weobferved a large body of 
 the natives coUeSed together on a hill about two miles 
 off; but as night drew on a-pacc, we could not ad- 
 vance to fuch aaiftance; neither did wc think it fafe to 
 attack them, or even to quit the ihore, to take an ac- 
 count of the number killed, our troop being a very 
 fiwallonc, and the favages were both numerous, fierce, 
 and much irriuted. While we remained almoft ftupi- 
 iicd on the ^t, Mr. Fannen faid, that he heard the 
 cannibals affembling in the woods ; on which we re- 
 turned to our boat, and having hauled alongfide the 
 canoes, wc demoliftied three of them. During this 
 tranfadion, the fire on the top of the hill difappeared, 
 and we could hear the favages in the woods at high 
 words ; quarrelling perhaps, on account of their diire- 
 rent opinions, whetner they (hould attack us, and try 
 to fave their canoes. They were armed with long 
 lances, and weapons not unlike a ferjeant's halbert in 
 fhape, made of hard wood, and mounted with bone in- 
 ftead of iron. We fufpeded, that the dead bodies of our 
 people had becoilivided among thofe different parties 
 of cannables, who had been concerned in the mairacre; 
 and it was not improbable, that the group we faw at a 
 diftance by the fire, were feafting upon fome of them, 
 as thofe on ftiore had been, where the remains were 
 
 found 
 
"V'> 
 
 : remauis were 
 
 fiiund, bcft)rc they had heen difturbtd by our imcx- 
 jKi\cA vifit : be- that ai it nuy, we could difcovcr no 
 tracri of inorc than four of our friend* hodici, nor 
 could wc find the place where the cutter WMtonceiiled. 
 It now grew dark, on which account, we collciited 
 carefully thr rcinainn of our mangled friends, and put- 
 ting off, made the beft of our way from thi« j)olliitcd 
 Elacc, not without a few execrations iK-ftowcd on the 
 lood-thirfty inhabitant*. When wc opened the upper 
 part of the Sound, we faw a very lar^r.e I'u-c aliout three 
 or fw miles higher up, which formed a complete oval, 
 reaching from the top of a hill down almoO to the ws- 
 tcr-fidc I the middle fpace being inclofcd all rmiml by 
 the fire, like a hedge. Mr. iTurney and Mr. I'annen 
 having confulted togctlur, they were Iwth of opinion, 
 that we could, by an attempt, reap no other advantaEC 
 than the poor fatisfaelion ut killing fomc more of the 
 favagcs. Upon leaving (irafs Cove, wo had fired a 
 volley towardi where wc beard the Indiana talking t 
 but by going in and out of the boat, our pieces had got 
 wet, and tour of them mifled fire. What rendered our 
 fituation more critical was, it began to rain, and our 
 ammunition was more than half expended. Wc, for 
 thcfc reafons, without fpcnding time where nothing 
 could be hoped for but revenge, pro<:eeded for the (hip, 
 and arrived fafc aboard before midnight. Such it the 
 account of this tragical event j the poor vidlims were 
 far enough out of hearing, and in all probability every 
 man of them muft have been butchered on the fpot. 
 
 It may be proper here to mention, that the whole 
 number of men in the cutter were ten, namely, Mr: 
 Row, our firft mate, Mr, Woodhoufc, a midlhipman, 
 Francis Murphy, quarter-mailer, James Sevilley, the 
 Captain's fervant, John Lavcnaugh, and Thomas Mil- 
 ton, belonging ti» the after-guard i William Facey, 
 Thomas Hal, Michael Bell, and txlward Jones, fore- 
 caftle-mcn. Moft of thcfe were the ftoutell and moft 
 healthy people in the ihip, having been felcdcd from 
 our bell feamen. Mr. Burncy's party brought on board 
 the head of the Captain's fervant, with two hands, one 
 belonging to Mr. Kowc, known bv a hurt it had re- 
 ceived ( and the other to Thomas Hill, being marked 
 with T. H. as before mentioned. Thefe, with other 
 mangled remains, were inclofed in a hammock, and 
 with the ufual ceremony obferved on board Hiips, were 
 committed to the fca. Not any of their arms were 
 found t nor any of their cloaths, except fix Ihocs, no 
 two of which were fellows, a frock, and a pair of 
 trowfers. We do not think this melancholy cataftrophe 
 was the cfTedl of a premeditated plan, formed by the 
 ravages ; for two canoes came down, and continued 
 all the forenoon in Ship Cove, and thefe Mr. Kowc met, 
 and bartered with the natives for fome fifli. We are 
 rather inclined to Leiievc, that the bloody tranfadlion 
 originated in a quarrel with fome of the Indians, which 
 was decided on the fpot; or, our people rambling 
 about too fccure, and incautious, the fairnefs of the op- 
 portunity might tempt them to commit the bloody 
 deed ; and what might encourage them was, they had 
 found out, that our guns were not infallible ( they had 
 feen them mifs lire ; and they knew, that when dif- 
 chargcd, they mud be loaded before they could again 
 do any execution, which interval of time they could 
 take proper advantage of. From fome circumllanccs 
 wc concluded, that after their fuccefs, there was a ge- 
 neral meeting on the cad fide of the Sound. We know 
 the Indians of Shag Cove were there, by a long finglc 
 canoe, which Ibmc of our people with Mr. Kowc had 
 feen four days before in Shag Cove. After this (hock- 
 ing affair, we were dcuined four days in the Sound by 
 coi|trary winds, in which time wc (aw none of the in- 
 liabitints. It is a little remarkable, that Captain Fur- 
 neaux had been (evcral times up Grafs Cove with Capt. 
 Cook, where they faw no inhabitants, and no other 
 figns of any, but a few dcferted villages which ap- 
 peared as if they had not been occupied for many 
 years; and yet, it) Mr. Burncy's opinion, when he en- 
 tered the fame cove, there could not be Icfs than fifteen 
 hundred, or two thoufand people. Had they been ap- 
 p0zed of his comiiig, we doubt not they would have at- 
 
 tacked him ) and feeing not a probability remained of 
 any of our people being alive, frum thefe conlidcnf 
 tions, wc thought it would be impnidcnt to renew the 
 fearch, and fend a boat up again. 
 
 On Thurfdav, the ajd of December, we departed 
 from, and made fail out of the Sound, heartily vexed 
 at the unavoidable delays we had experienced, fo con- 
 trary toourfunguine willies. We (Io<hI to theeallward, 
 to clear the llraits, which wc happily ctlcctcd the fame 
 evening, but we were baffled for two or thrcedays with 
 light winds before we could clear the coaO. In this in- 
 ' terval of time, the chefls and effects uf the ten men 
 1 who had been murdered, were fold before the mart, ac- 
 ' cording to an old fca cullom. We now lUered S. .S. K. 
 till we got into the latitude of 56 deg. S. At this time 
 wchada great fwell Irom the fouthward, the winds 
 blew lining from S. W. the weather began to be very 
 cold ; the fca made a continual breach over the fliip, 
 which was low and deep laden, and by her continual 
 Araining, vcrv few of our feamen were dry cither on 
 deck or in bed. In the latitude of j8 deg. S. and inai j 
 deg. E. longitude, we fell in with fome ice, and (land- 
 ing to the cart, faw every day more or Icfs. Wc faw 
 alfo the birds common in this vail ocean, our only com- 
 panions, and at time* wc met with a whale or porpoife. 
 a feal or two, and a few penguins. 
 
 On the loth of January 1774, we arrived a-brca(l of 
 Cape hlorn, in the latitude of 61 deg. S. and in the 
 run from Cape Pallifer in New Zealand to this cape, 
 wc were little more than a month, which is one hun- 
 dred and twenty-one degrees of longitude in that (lion 
 time. The winds were continually wefterly, with a 
 
 §reat fea. Having opened fomc ca(ks of peafc and 
 our, we found them very much damaged ; for which 
 realbn wc thought it moll prudent to make for the 
 Cape of Good Hope, intending fird to get into the la- 
 titude and longitude of Cape Circumcilion. When to 
 the eartward of Cape Horn, we found the winds came 
 more from the north, and not fo (Irong and frequent 
 from the wellward, as ufual, which brought on thick 
 foggy weather; fo that for fevcral days together, we 
 were not able to make an obfervation, the fun all the 
 time not being vifiblc. This weather laded above a 
 month, in which time we were among a great many 
 iflands of ice, which kept us condantly on the looK 
 out, for fear of running (oul o*" them. Our people now 
 began to complain of colds :• . pains in their limbs, on 
 account of which we hauled to the northward, making 
 the latitude of 54 deg. S. Wc then decred to the 
 cad, with an intention of finding the land laid down 
 by M. Bouvet. As wc advanced to the cad, the nights 
 began to be dark, and the iflands of ice became more 
 nuinerous and dangerous. 
 
 On the 3d of March, we were in the latitude of 
 Bouvct's difcovcry, and half a league to eaflward of 
 it; but not perceiving the lead fign of land, either 
 now, or fince wc attained this parallc!, we gave over a 
 (urther fearch after it, and hauled away to the north- 
 ward. In our lad track to the fouthward, wc were 
 within a few degrees of the longitude afligncd for Bou- 
 vct's difcovcry, and about three degrees to the fouth- 
 ward; if therefore there (hould be any land thereabout, 
 it mud be a very inconfiderable ifland ; or, rather wc 
 arc inclined to think, a mere deception from the ice ; 
 for, in our fird fctting out, we concluded we had made 
 difcoveries of land fevcral times, which proved to be 
 only high iflands of ice, at the back of large fields, 
 which M. Bouvet might eafily midake for land, cfpe- 
 cially as it was thick toggy weather. 
 
 On the 17th, ill the^titude 48 deg. 30 min. S. and 
 in 14 deg. 36 min. E. longitude, we faw two large 
 iflands of ice. On the 1 8th, we made the land of the 
 Cape of Good Hope, and on the 19th, anchored in 
 Table Bay. Here we found Commodore Sir Edward 
 Hughes, with his maiedy's fliips Saji(bury, and Sea 
 Horfe. We falutcd the garrifon with thirteen guns, 
 and the conunodore with an equal number; the latter 
 returned the full complement, and the former, as ufual, 
 falutcd us with two guns lefs. At this place Capt. Fur- 
 neauxleft a letter Tor Capt. Cook{ and here we re- 
 mained 
 
 

 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 
 \W 
 
 i : 
 
 aoo 
 
 mained to rrfit the (hip, nt'rvlh the pcopKikc, dec. 
 rill the 1 6th of April, when we hoiAnI llul Soi Ena- 
 knd; and on the 14th of ^\i\y, to the grcM joy of all 
 our failon, anchored at Spithctd. 
 
 Vnm a review of the whole, our tcaden nuift (be, 
 how much thii rtation ii indebted to that abk cir* 
 cuinnavigator Capt. Cook. If thcr only compare lh« 
 courfe the Kefolution (teered, and the valuable dif* 
 coverict (he made, withthtt purfucd by the Adventure, 
 after (he parted company, the contraft will be (uf- 
 ficicntly (triking. How meritoriout alfo mull that 
 perfon appear in our iudgment, who hath not only dif^ 
 covered, but furvcyed vaii tracks of new coafti 1 whs 
 hai difpelled the illulion of a terra auftralia incogniu, 
 and fixed the bounds of the habitable earth, u well as 
 thofeofthe navigable ocean, in the Ibuthem hemif- 
 phere. No pro|>o(ition was ever more clearly de* 
 monftratcd, that there is no continent undi(covcred 
 ih the Ibutiicrn hcmi(pherc, between the equator and 
 the joth dcg. of foutnem latitude, in which fpace all 
 who have contended for its eiti(teiKC hive included, 
 if not the w hole, at iea(t the mad confiderable part. 
 Butat the fame time that we declare ourfclves thus clear- 
 ly convinced of the non>i«xiftenceof a continent within 
 the limits jull mentioned, we cannot help acknow- 
 ledging our ready belief, that the land our navigators 
 have chfcovcred to the S. E. of Staten Land, is part of 
 a continent, proje<fling from the north in a narrow 
 neck, and expattding to the (buthward and weAward, 
 in like manner as the South American Continent takes 
 its rife in the fouth, and enlarges as it advances north- 
 ward, more particularly towards the eaft. In this 
 belief we arc urengthened by the (Ironf; reprelentation 
 of land fecn at a diftance by our nalvigators, in lati- 
 tude 72 dcg. and 353 deg. longitude. Mid by the re.* 
 Ran of Thetxiorc Gernirds, who, after ouQng the 
 raiu of Magellan, being driven by tempeui into the 
 latitude of 64 dcg. S. in that height came in fight of 
 a mountainous country, covered with (bow, kwking 
 like Norway, and fccmingly extending from ea(t to 
 weft. Thefe fads, and the dbfervatioiu made by Capt. 
 Cook, corroborate each other; and though ihey do not 
 reduce the ^ucftion to an abfolute certainty, yet the 
 probability u greatlv in favour of the (bppofcd dU*. 
 covery. To conclnoe thefe refledliotu, ana to place 
 the chandler of our judicious navigator in the moft 
 (triking point of view, we need oniy add, as propofed, 
 an incontefted account of the means, by which, under 
 the divine favour, Capt. Cook, with a company of 
 1 1 8 men, performed a voyage of three years And eigh- 
 teen days, throughout all the climates, from 5 a deg. N. 
 to 7 1 dcg. S. with the lofsonlyof one man by (icknefs; 
 and even this one bc^n fo early to complain of a 
 ^ough, and other coniumptive fymptoms, which had 
 iKvcr left him, that his lungs muft have been afReded 
 before he came on board to go the voyage. Did any, 
 moft converfant in the bills of mortali^, whether m 
 the moft healthful climate, and in the beft condition 
 of life, ever find fo fmall a lift of deaths, among fuch 
 a number of men within that fpace ? How agreeable 
 then muft our furprize be, to find, by the affiduity 
 and unremitted exertions of a (ingle (kilful navioator, 
 the air of the (ba acquitted of all malignity, and that 
 a voyage round the world has been underuken with 
 lefs danger perhuu to health, than a common tour 
 in Europe! Surely diftinguilhed merit is here con- 
 fpicuous, though praife and glory belongs to God 
 only! 
 
 RuLts for prcferving the Health of Seamen in long 
 Voyages t and the Means employed by Capt. 
 COOK, tb that End, during his Voyage Round 
 the World, in his Majesty's Ship the Resolu- 
 tion. 
 
 Before we enter upon this fubjed, which hath ibr its 
 obiod the fawig the lives of men, it will be nccclSuy 
 to fay fomething oti that dKbrder, to which leatncn are 
 peculiarly fubji^i and to odofides; how many have 
 periflicd by ntwiae 4i(ca6v btfatc any contiteab^ 
 
 improvemenu were made in the means either of their 
 prevention or cure. The (kknefs moft deftrudivo 
 to mariners, andarainft the dreadful attacks of which 
 prcfenuuives have been contrived, is the fcurvy. This 
 isnoc that diftempererroncoufly (o called among landf. 
 tneni but belongs to a riafs of difeafcs totally different 
 from it. So far is the conunon received opinion from 
 being true, which affirms, " there are few conftitutiona 
 altogether free from a fcorbutic taint," that, unlefa 
 among failors, and others circumftanced like them, 
 more particularly with refped to thufe who ufe a fait 
 and putrid diet, and efpccially if they live in foul aic 
 and uncleanlinefs, we arc inclined to think there are 
 few diforders lefs frequent. Nor do wc believe, which 
 i» another vulgar notion, that the fca-air is the caufi; 
 of the fcurvy I lince on board a ftiip, ricanlineft, venti- 
 lation, and frcfli provifionk would preferve from it, and 
 upon the fbo-coaft, free from marfliet, the inhabitants 
 are not liable to that diforder, though fre({ucntK' breath- 
 ing the air from the fea. We (hould for ilicfc reafons 
 rather afcribe the fcurvy to other caufcs 1 and we be- 
 lieve it to be a beginning corruption of the whole habit, 
 fimiiar to that of every animal lubftancc whcndcprivcd 
 of life. This has been verified by the fymptoms in 
 the fcorbutic flck, and by the appearances in their 
 bodies afber death. With refpea to the putrefying 
 quality of fea-falt, we may remark, that falted mcat«, 
 after (ome time, become in reality putrid, though they 
 may continue long paktable by means of the fait : and 
 common (alt, fuppofed to be one of the ftrongeft 
 pidervativct from corruption, is at bcft but an indif- 
 ferent one, even in a large quantity 1 and in a fmall one 
 fo far from impeding putrefodiun, it rather promotes 
 that procefs in the body. Some are of opinion, that 
 the (curvy is much owing to intenfe cold, which 
 checks per(pirationi and hence, fay they, arifcs the 
 endemic di(temper,ofthe northern nations, particular- 
 ly of thefe around the Baltic. The fiuft is partly truet' 
 but wc are doubtful about the caufe. In thefe countries, 
 by rea(boof longand fevere winters, the cattle, being 
 deftitute of pafture, can barely live, and are therefore 
 unfit for ufe ; fo that the people, for their provifions,. 
 during that feafon, are obtigra to kill them by tho 
 end of autumn, aind to fait them for above half the 
 year. 
 
 This putrid diet then, on which they muft fo long 
 fubfift, (ecms to be the chief fourcc from whence cho 
 difeafc originates. And if we conflder, that the loweft 
 clafs of people in the north have few or no greens nor 
 fruit in winter, little or no fermented liquors, and often 
 live in damp, foul, and ill aired houfcs, \i is eafy to con- 
 ceive how tney Ihould become liable to the fame dif-> 
 order with fcamen 1 whereas others who live in as high 
 a latitude, but in a difierent manner, are free from it. 
 Thus we are informed by Linneus, that the Laplanders 
 are unacquainted with the fcurvy ; for which no other 
 rcafon can be afiigned, than their never eating falted 
 meats, nor indeed faltwith any thing, but their ufijig all 
 the frefh flefti of their rein deer. And this exemption of 
 the hyperborean nations from the general diftemper 
 of the north, is the more remarkable, a» they fcldom 
 tafte vegetables, and bread never. Yet in the yery 
 
 Crovinces, bordering on Lapland, where they ulc 
 read, but fcarcely any veectables, and eat falted meats, 
 they are as much troubled with the fcurvy as in any 
 other country. But hi-re wc may properly obfervc, 
 that the late improvements in agriculture, gardening, 
 and hufbandry, oy extending their falubrious influence 
 to the remoteft paru of Europe, and to the loweft clafs 
 of people, begin fen(ibly to leffen the frequency of that 
 complaint, even in thole climates wherein it has been 
 moft brief uid fiital. Again, it has been aflerted, that 
 thoTe who live on ftiore. or landfmen, will be afleded 
 with the fcurvy, though they may have never been con- 
 fined to fait meats : but of this we have not met with . 
 any inftances, excqit anMms fuch who have breathed a 
 marfhy air, or what was otnerwUe putrid t or annong 
 thofe wtw wanted exercife, (ruits, and the common 
 vegetables : under which particular circumftances we 
 grant, that the humoHn will corrupt in the iiuue ouoi- 
 
 ncf. 
 
 ^1 i\ 
 
COOK'» SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijhvtfin in the SMb ^i'/r/ 6c Round xhltH^erlJ. %oi 
 
 ■cr, ihotigh noc in the f«mc dci^rre, with thorc »)f 
 fcamen. In the war, when Sidnghurll Callle m Kfnf, 
 «ai tilled with French prifoncri, the fciirvy hrnkc out 
 anions them, notwithitanUinf' thry hiul luvcr been 
 fcrvcd with raited victuali in r'n^j^lanJ, Imu had daily 
 an allowance of frefh meat, and bread iit proportion, 
 though without vegetables. And hctidoi the warit of 
 fhi» neccflary fupply of greens, the ward* were crowd- 
 ed and foul, the houfc damp, bv reafon nCa circum- 
 ambient moat, and the bounds allotted for caking the 
 air were fo fmall, and in wet weather fo fwampidi, 
 that the men fcldom were difpofrtl to (|iiit the houli,-. 
 A reprelentation having Inrcn made of thcllilrncicnciei, 
 in confeqiience thereof the prifoncra were funplied 
 with roots and greens for boiling in thir hrotn, the 
 tick were quartered out in n dry lituation, where they 
 had the liberty of air and excrnfe i and by thefc means 
 they all qiiicklv' recovered. VVc think it probable 
 that the fcurvy rooner appeared among thefe (Grangers, 
 from their having been taken nt fra, and therefore, from 
 their dirt, they were more difp.iftid to the dircnfc. 
 Such is the niture and caulV of that (Icknefs moft de- 
 Rruiflivc to faiiors. 
 
 Let us now take a tranfinit view of irs dreadful ra- 
 rages t and by » contrail between the old and prefcnt 
 times, we (hall fee, more evidently, the importance 
 and value of the means propoftd, and which have 
 been moH fuccefsfully employed by Capt. Cook, for 
 its prevention and cure. In the firft voyage for the 
 clhblilhment of the EnO-India Company, a fquadron 
 was fitted out, and under the comiiland of l.anca(ler 
 (who was then Riled general) in the year 1601. The 
 rquipincnt confided of four Ihips, with four hundred 
 and eighty men on board. Three of thole vcflTels 
 were fo weakened bv the fcui^y, when they had got 
 only three degrees beyond the equinoxial line, that 
 the merchants, who had embarked on this adventure, 
 were obliged to do duty as common failors. At fia, 
 on fliorc, ami at Soldania, the then place of refrelh- 
 tnenton this fide the Cape of Good Hope, there died 
 in all, nearly a fourth part of their complement, and 
 that before they had proceeded halfway to the place 
 of their deAination. Sir William Hawkins, who lived 
 in that age, an intelligent and brave fea-oHicer. has left 
 it upon record, " that in twenty years, during which he 
 had ufed the fea, he could give an account often thou, 
 land mariners who had been confumed by the fcurvy 
 alone." If then in the very infancy of the naval power 
 of England, fo many were deflroycd by that bane of fea- 
 faring men, what muft have been the havock made 
 Jincc that early date, while our fleet has been gradu- 
 ally incrcafing, new ports for commerce ojiening, and 
 yet fo little advancement made in the nautical part of 
 medicine. And within our own remembrance, when 
 it might have been cxpeded. that whatever tended to 
 aggrandize the naval power of Great Britain, and to ex- 
 tend her cortimcrce, would have received the Ingheft 
 inipi-ovcment: yet, even at thefe latter dates, we fliali 
 ftid lew tneafures were adopted to prefervc the health 
 of fcatncn, more than had been known to our un- 
 informed ancertors. The fuccefsful, but mournful ex- 
 pedition of Commodore Anfon, afterwards an admiral, 
 iind lord, alfords a melancholy proof of the truth of 
 this aflcrtion. After having pafled the ftraitsofLa 
 Mairc, the fcurvy b^an to Tage violently in this little 
 fquadron; and by the time the Centurion had ad- 
 vanced but a little way into the South Sea, forty-fcven 
 failors died of it in that fliip ; nor were there fcarcely 
 any on board, who had not, in fomc degree, been 
 toiichcd with the diftemper, though they had not at 
 that time been quite eight months from England, In 
 the ninth month, when abrcaft of the ifland of Juan 
 I'crnandez, the Centurion loft double that number ; 
 and fuch an amazing fwift progrefs did the mortality 
 make in this fingle thip, that before they landed 00 
 that ifland the had buried 200 of her hands ; not be- 
 iiig able to mufler any more in a watch, capable c£ 
 doing duty, than two quarter mafters, and fix ten. 
 mart men. This was the condition of one of the three 
 fliips which reached that ifland j and the other two 
 No. 24. 
 
 futfercd in proportion; Nor did the deftrbyer ftophcre 
 hit cruel ranges, but, after a few months refpite, re- 
 newed hi* atiacMi for the lame difeafe broke out 
 afrell). making fuch havock, that before the Centurion 
 (in which were the whole furvivino crews of the three 
 (hips) hid reached the ifland of T'inian, there died 
 fuinciimes eight or ten in a day, fn that when they had 
 bct-n only two years on their voyage, they had loft a 
 larger proportion than of four in live of their original 
 numh.T, and all of them after having entered the 
 S<iiiih Sra, of the fcurvy : but we apprehend this wu 
 not ftridily the nfe I but that the caufe of fo great A 
 irorinlity was a peftilential kind of diHemper, diOin^ 
 gtiilhed on land oy the name of the jail, or hofpital 
 fever I and indeed, in the obfcrvations nude by two of 
 Commodore Anfon's furgeons, it ia aflRrincd, that the 
 fcurvy at that t.me was accompanied with outrid 
 fevers ! howevc;, it is not material, whether the (curvy, 
 or fcvei- combined with it, were the caufc of the def« 
 trusiUve mortality in Lord Anfon's fleet, fince it muft 
 be acknowledged both arofe from foul air, and other 
 fources of putrrfa^hon 1 and which mliy now, in a great 
 meafurc, he obviated, by the various means fallen upon 
 fince the time of that expedition: and this naturally 
 leads us, in due order, to take a view of the principal 
 articles of proviiion, and other methods employed by 
 that prudent as well as brave commander. Cant. Cook. 
 We (hall mention all fuch articles as were (bund the 
 moft uleful I and in this lift of prefcrvative ftures, 
 Ihall begin with 
 
 1. Sweet Wort, lliis was diftributed, frOm one to 
 three pints a day. or in fuch a proportion as the fur- 
 gcon judged ncccliary. not only to thofe men who had 
 manifeft fymptoms of the fcurvy. but to fuch alfo as 
 were judged to be moft liable to it. Deer hath always 
 been eftcciued one of the beft antifcorbutics s but as 
 that derived all its fixed air from the malt of which it 
 was made, this was thought to be preferable in long 
 voyages, as it would take up lefs room than the beer, 
 and keep longer found. Experience has fince verified 
 the theory ; and in the medical journal of Mr. Patten, 
 furgeon to the Kcfolutipn, we find the following paf- 
 fagc, which fully corroborates the tM>ifnony of Capt. 
 Cook and others, in lavour of Sweet Wort, as being 
 the bcft antifcorbutic medicine yet known. •' I have 
 found (obfcrvcs this gentleman) the wort of the utmoft 
 fervicc in all fcorbucic cafes duHng the voyage. Ai 
 many took it by way of prevention, few cafes occurred 
 where it had a fair trial i but thefe, however, I flatter 
 myfcif, will be futlkicnt to convince every impartial 
 pcrfon, it is the bed remedy hitherto found out for the 
 cure of the fea fcurvy j and I am well convinced, from 
 what I have fxn the wort perform, and from its mode 
 of operation, that if aided by portable foup, four-krout, 
 fugar, fago, and currants, the fcurvy, that maritime pef- 
 tilence.willfeldom.or never make itsappearance among 
 a fliip's crew, on the longcft voyages ; proper care with 
 regard to cleanlinefsand provilions being obferved." It 
 hath been conftantly oblerved by ouf fea-furgeons, that 
 in long cruizes, or diftant voyages, the fcurvy never 
 makes its alarming apfxarance. lolongasthc men have 
 their full allowance of fmall beer j but that when it is all 
 expended, the diforder foon prevails : it were therefoiv 
 to be wiflied,that our fliips would afford fulficient room 
 for this wholefome beverage. But, we are informed, the 
 Ruflians both on board, as well as on land, make the 
 following middle quality between wort and fmall beer. 
 They take ground malt and rye meal in a ceruin pro- 
 portion, which they knead into fmall loaves, and bake 
 m the oven. Thefe they infufe occafionally in a pro- 
 per quantity of warm water, which beginsTo foon to 
 femient, that in the fpacc of 34 hours, their brewage 
 is completed, and a fmall, brilk, acetous liquor pro- 
 duced, to which they have given the name of quaa. 
 Dr. Mounfey, who lived long in Ruffia, in writing to 
 his friends in England, obferves. that the quas is the 
 common and faluury drink both of the fleets and 
 armies of that empire, and that it was peculiarly good. 
 The fame gentleman having vifited thefeveral pnfons 
 in the city of MoTcow, was fuiprized to find it foil of 
 3 K . mal .^uStora 
 
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202 
 
 Cijit. C O O K's V 6 V A O E S COMPLETE. 
 
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 W il '' 
 
 :lf^ 
 
 malcfatSton, but more To when he could difcovcr no 
 fever among them, nor learn that, any acute didempcri 
 peculiar to jails, had ever been know/i there. He ob> 
 fcrved, that fome oi'thofe places ifat confinement had a 
 yard, for the ufe of the prlfonen, but in others with- 
 out that advantage, they were not' Ikklv: fo that he 
 could aflign no other k-eafon for the healthful condition 
 of thoftmcn, than their kind of diet, which was the 
 lame with that of the common people of the country, 
 who live moftly on rye-bread (a (trorw acefcent) and 
 drink quas. Upon his return to St. Peterfburgh, he 
 had made the fame enquiry there, and with the fame 
 refult. From this account it (hould feem, that the 
 rye-meal both quickens the fenncntation, and adds 
 more fixed air, fincc the malt alone could not fo readily 
 produce fuch a tart, brifk liquor. And there is little 
 doubt, but that whenever the other grains can be 
 brought to a proper degree of fermentation, they 
 will more or lefs in the fame way become ufeful. That 
 oats will, we are convinced from an experiment made 
 by Capt. Cook. When on a cruize in the EiFcx, a 
 74 gun Ihip. and the fcurvy breaking out among his 
 crew, he rccolleded a kind of food moft proper on that 
 occafion, which he had fecn ufed in fome parts of the 
 north, called Sooins. This is made by putting fome 
 oat-meal into a wooden veflcl ; then pouring hot water 
 upon it, let the infufion continue until the liquor be- 
 gms totaflc fourifl), that is, till a fermentation comes 
 on, which, in a place moderately warm, may be pro- 
 duced in iibout two days. The water muft then be 
 poured oH'from the grounds, and boiled down to the 
 conliftence of a jelly. This the Captain ordered to be 
 made and dealt out in meflcs, being firfl fweeteneti with 
 fugar, and fcafoncd with fome prize French wine, 
 which, though turned four, improved the tade. This 
 diet chiefly, not lefs palatable than medicinal, and by 
 abdaining from fait meats, quite recovered his fcor- 
 butic lick, not only in this, but in fubfequent cmizes, 
 without his being obliged to fend one of them on ihore 
 becaufe they could not recover at fea. Before the power 
 of the fixed air in fubduing putrcfaiflion was known, 
 the efficacy of fruits, greens, and fermented liquors 
 was commonly afcribed to the acid in their compo- 
 fition; and we have flill reafon to believe, that the 
 acid concurs in operating that cffed. In cafe of a 
 farcity in thefe articles, or a deficiency of malt, or when 
 the grain Ihould be fpoiled, other fubflitutes may be 
 found very lerviceable; as diflilled water, acidulated 
 with the fpiritof fea fait, in the proportion of only ten 
 drops to a quart; or with the weak fpirit of vitriol, 
 •hirtcen drops to the fame meafure, which may be given 
 to thofe who are threatened with the fcurvy, at lead 
 three quarts of this liquor daily, to be drank with dif- 
 <retion, as they (hall think proper. The fixed air 
 ;ibounds in wine, and perhaps no vegetable fubflance 
 is more replete with it than the juice of the grape. 
 If wc Join the grateful fade of wine, we mull rank it 
 the firft in the lift of antifcorbutic liouort. Cyder is 
 atfo excellent, with other vinous proautfiions of fruit ; 
 indeed this falutary fixed air is contained more or lefs 
 in all fermentable liquors, and begins to oppofe putre- 
 fadHon as foon as the working, or inteftme motion 
 commences. 
 
 II. The next article of extenfive ufe, was Sour-krout, 
 
 fTour cabbage) a (bod of univerfal repute in Germany, 
 ts fpontaneous fermenution produces that acidity 
 -which makes it agreeable to the tafte of all who eat it. 
 The Refolution had a large quantity of this wholefomc 
 vegetable food on board, and it fpoils not by keeping : 
 In the judgment of Capt. Cook, four-krout is highly 
 Antifcorbutic. The allowance (or each man, when at 
 Tea, was a pound, fcrved twice a week, or oftener, as 
 -VM thougnt neceffery. Some of the diftinguilhed 
 medical writers of our times, have difapproved of the 
 vfe of cabbage as an aiiti-fcorbutic ; notwithftanding 
 °^ high encomiums beftowed upon it by the ancients, 
 f witneTs what Cato the elder, and Pliny the naturalift, 
 lay on the fubje^,) and although it httti had the fane- 
 t\oa of the expencncc of n»tions, fyi many paft ages ; 
 
 i 
 
 and by experiments laid before the Royal Society, bf 
 fome of our moft eminent phyficians, it has been de- 
 monftrated, that this vegetable, with the reft of the 
 fuppofed akalefcents, arc really accfccntsj and that 
 the fcurvy is never owing to acidity, but to a fpecies of 
 putrefai-'Uon : that very caufc of which the ill>grounded 
 clafs of alcalefccnts was fuppofed to be a promoter. 
 
 III. Portable Soup was another article with which 
 the Refolution was plentifully fupplicd. An ounce to 
 each man, or fuch other quantity as circumftances 
 pointed out, was boiled in their pcafc daily, three days 
 in every week; and when vegetables were to be had it 
 was boiled with them. Of this were made feveral 
 nourifhing meffes, which occafioncd the crew to cat a 
 greater quantity of vegetables than they would other- 
 wife have done. This broth being freed from all fat, 
 and liaving by long boiling cvapoiatcd the moft putrc- 
 fcent parts of^ the meat, is reduced to the confiftence of 
 a glue, which in effed it is, and will, like other glues, 
 in a dry place, keep found for many years. 
 
 IV. The Rob of Oranges a;id Lemons, which the 
 furgeon made ufe of in many cafes, with great fuccefs. 
 Capt. Cook, it has been obfervcd. did not much rely 
 on thefe acids as a prcfcrvativc againft the fcurvy ; for 
 which the following reafon has been afllgncd by one 
 of our moft eminent phyfical profciTors. Tbcfc pre- 
 parations being only lent out upon trial, the furgeon 
 of the fhip was told how much he might give wr a 
 dofe, without ftricUy limiting the quantum. The exr 
 periment was made with the quuntity fpecified. but 
 with fo little fuccefs, that judging it not prudent to 
 lofe more time, he let about the cure with the wort 
 alone, of the cfhcacy of which he was fully convinced ; 
 while he referved the robs for other purpofcs j more 
 particularly for colds, when to a large draught of 
 warm water, with fome fpirits and fugar, he added i| 
 fpoonful of one of them, and with thefe ingredients 
 made a grateful fudoritic that anfwered his intention. 
 To which we may add, as worthy of notice, that as they 
 had been reduced to a fmall proportion of their bulk 
 by evaporation, it is probable they were much weaken- 
 ed, and that with their aqueous particles they had, by 
 the fire, loit not a little of their aerial. If therefore a 
 further trial of thefe juices were to be made, they (liould 
 be fent to fea purified and entire in caiks, agreeable 
 to a propofal lent into the Admiralty (bmc yer.rs ago, 
 by an experienced furgeon of the navy. Upon the 
 whole, the teftimonics in favour of the falutary qualities 
 of thefe acids are fo numerous, and fo ftrong. that w^ 
 (liould look upon fome failures, even in cafes where their 
 want of fuccefs cannot fo well be accounted for as in 
 this voyage, not a fuflicicnt reafon for ftriking them out 
 of this lift of prefervatives againfl the confuming ma- 
 lady to which feamen are particularly fubjct^i:. Nor 
 muft we omit obfcrving under this head, that Capt. 
 Cook fays not more in praife of vinegar than of the 
 robs, as appears from an extrad of a letter, which he 
 wrote to the prefident of the Royal Society, dated 
 Plymouth Sound. July 7th, 1776. " I entirely agree 
 with you, (fays the Captain) that the dearncfs of the 
 Rob of Lemons., and oiOranges, will hinder them f-om 
 being purchafed in lai^ge quantities ; but I do not 
 think thefe foneceflary; for though they may afTill other 
 things, I have no great opinion of them alone. Nor 
 have I a higher opinion ot vinegar. My people had it 
 very fparingly during the late voyage ; and towards the 
 latter part, none at all ; and yet wc experienced no ill 
 cfFeds from the want of it. The cuftomof walhinK 
 the infideof the fhijp with vinegar I fcldom obfervcd, 
 thinking fire and unoke anfwered the purpofe much 
 better." We will not controvert the poiition here laid 
 down by Capt. Cook, nor would wc infer from hence, 
 that he thought vinegar of little I'ervice to a (hip's 
 company, but only that as he happened in this voyage 
 to be fparingly provided with it. and yet did well, he 
 could not therefore conlider a large ftore of vinegar to 
 be fo material an article of provilions, as was common- 
 ly imagined : but notwithftanding the Captain fup- 
 plied itt place with four krout, and truftcd chiefly to 
 
 (ire 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE-rfor making Difcoveriei in the SauthSias & Round the World. 
 
 
 %K for purifying his dccki, yet it is to be hoped future 
 oavigators will not wholly omit fuch a rcfrcihing and 
 I'fcful article. It is. at (call a wholcfome variety in 
 feafoning, very proper for cleanfing the receptacles of 
 the lick, and may be ufcd at times, fuccersfully as 
 • medicine. The phyficianhimfclf will fniell to vine- 
 gar to prevent infeaion from contagious difcafes, and 
 the fmell is certainly agreeable to tlK< lick, crpecially to 
 fuch who may be confined to a foul and crowded 
 ward. Thus much for the falutary articles that have 
 af late been added to the naval (lores of all the king's 
 ftips on long voyages, which Capt. Cook ordered to 
 be difpenfcdT as occafion might require, in a bountiful 
 manner ; to which he added the following regulations, 
 cither wholly new, or hints from Sir Hugh Pallifer, 
 Captains Campbell, Wallis, and other experienced 
 friends ; and as from thcfc he formed a plan to which 
 all his (hip's company were to conform, he made them 
 his own, and we may therefore juQIy place the merit to 
 our (kilful commander's account. 
 . V. CaptainCook put hiscrew at three watches, indcad 
 of two ; that is, he formed his whole crew into three 
 divifions, each of which was ordered upon the watch 
 by the boatfwain four hours at a time ; fo that every 
 man had eight houra free, fur four of duty : whereas 
 at watch and watch, the half of the men being on 
 duty at once, with returns of it every four hours, they 
 can have but broken deep, and when cxpofed to wet, 
 they cannot have time to get dry before the whiOlc 
 calls them up, or they may lie down to rdt thenifelves. 
 When fervicc requires, hard(hips niuft be endured, 
 and no men in the world encounter theni fo readily, 
 and with fuch alacrity, as our thorough bred Eng- 
 lifh feamen do ; neverthclefs. When there is no prelTing 
 call, ought not our brave, hardy mariners to be in- 
 dulged with as much uninterhipted rcll as our com- 
 mon labourers ? Indeed it is the pradicc of all good 
 officers to expofe their men as little to wet weather as 
 pofTible J and we doubt not but they will pay attention 
 to what was made an cdential point with our humane 
 commander. In the torrid zone he (haded his peoj)le 
 from the fcorching rays of the fun by an aw ning over 
 his deck s and in his courfe under the fouthern pqlar 
 circle, he provided for each man what the faiiors called 
 their Maghellanjacket, made of a fubftantial woollen 
 ftulf, with the addition of a hood for covering their 
 heads ; and this garb they found moft comfortable for 
 Working in rain and fnow, and among the loofe ice in 
 high fouthern latitudes. If Rome decreed a civic 
 crown to him who faved the life of a (ingle citizen, 
 what honorary rewards, what-j^aifes are due to that 
 hero, who contrived, and employed, fuch new means 
 to fave many ; means, whereby Britannia will no more 
 lament, on the return of her fhips from didant voyages, 
 the lofs of her bold fons, her intrepid mariners, who by 
 braving every danger, have fo liberally contributed to 
 the profperity, opulence, and glory of her maritime 
 empire ! 
 
 VI. Unremitted care was takciLto guard againft pu- 
 trcfadion, and a variety of nicafurcs purfued, in order 
 to procure, and maintain, a purity of air in the ftiip. 
 To this end, feme wood, and that not fparingly, being 
 put into a proper (love, was lighted, and carried fuc- 
 cc(rively to every part below deck. Wherever fire is, 
 theairneared toit, being heated, becomes fpecilically 
 lighter, and by being lighter rifes, and palTes through 
 the hatchways into the atmofphere. The partial va- 
 cuum is filled with die cold air around, and that being 
 heated in its turn, in like manner afcends, and it re- 
 placed with other air as before. Thus by continuing 
 the fire for fome timcr in any of the lower apartments, 
 the foul air is in a good meafure driven out, and the 
 frefli admitted. Bcfides, the acid fleams of the wood, 
 in burning, adl probably here as an antifeptic, and cor- 
 rcdl the corrupted air that remains. The fbip was ge- 
 nerally thus aired with fires once or twice a week. It 
 has been obferved by an officer of diftinguilhed tank, 
 that all the old twenty gun (hips were remarkably lefi 
 fickly than thole equal iii dimenfions, but of modem 
 conarudlwa} which circutuftancc he could no«ther> 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 wife account for, than by the former having their fire* 
 place or kitchen in the fore part of the deck immedi- 
 ately above the hold, where the Hue vented fo ill, that, 
 when the wind was a-ftern, every part was filled with 
 fntokc. This was a nuifance for the time, but which 
 was abundantly compenfated by the good health of the 
 (everal crews > for thofe fire places dried the lower 
 decks, much more when placed below, than they can 
 now under the forc-caflle upon the upper deck. But 
 the niofl beneficial end aiifwered by thefe portable 
 (loves was, their drying up the damps, and foul 
 moifturc, efpecially in thofe places where the air was 
 mod likely to be corrupted for the want of a free cir- 
 culation. This foul moifture is formed of the breath, 
 and pcrfpirable matter of a multitude of men, of the 
 animals, or live flock, and of the fleams of the bilge 
 water from the well, where the flagnated corruption is 
 the greatcft. This putrid humidity, being one of the 
 principal fouroes of the fcorbutic difcafe, was, in order 
 to its removal, particularly attended to ; and while the 
 fires were burning, forae of the hands were employed 
 in rubbing hard, with canvafs, or oakum, every part 
 of the fhip that was damp and aocefTible. But the 
 advantage of thefe means, for preferving the health of 
 mariners, appeared no where fo confpicuous, as in pu- 
 rifying the well : which being lituated in the lowed 
 part of the hold, the whole leakage runs into it, whe- 
 ther of the (hip itfelf, or the calks of fpoiled meat, or 
 corrupted water. Yet this place was rendered both 
 fafcand fweet by means of an iron pot filled with lire, 
 and let down to burn therein : we fay fafe, becaufe the 
 noxious vapours, from this (ink alone, have often been 
 the caufe of inllantaneous death to thofe who have un- 
 warily approached to clean it ; and not to one only, 
 but to feveral fucccffivcly, when they have gone down 
 to fuccour their unfortunate alTiflants. When this 
 wholefome procefs could not take place, by reafonof 
 flormy weather, the fliip was fumigated with gunpow- 
 der, mixed with vinegar or water. The fmoke could 
 have little effedl in drying, but it might correcflthe pu* 
 trid air, by means of the acid fpirits from the (\ilphur 
 and nitre, a(7ided perhaps by the aerial fluid, then dif- 
 engaged from the fuel, to counterad putrefaction. 
 Theic purifications by gunpowder, by burning tar, and 
 other refinous fubdances, are fufficiently kuown. Wc 
 wifli the fame could be faid of the ventilator, invented 
 by Dr. Hales, the credit of w hich, though wc are con- 
 vinced of its excellence, is far from being eftabliftied 
 in the navy. Perhaps Capt. Cook had not time to exa- 
 mine it. and thcretoK would not encumber his fliip 
 with a machine he had polTibly never feen worked, and 
 of which, he had, at bed, received but a doubtful 
 (haradler; and wc find he was not altogether unpro- 
 vided with an apparatus for ventilation. He had the 
 windfalls, which he found very ferviccable, particularly 
 between the tropics. They take up little room, require 
 no labour in working, and the invention is fo fimplc, 
 that they can fail in no hands ; but, yet their powers 
 are fmall in comparifon with thofe of Haless venti- 
 lator » add to which, they cannot be put up in hard 
 gales of wind, and they are of no ufe m dead calms, 
 when a circulation of air is chiefly necelTary, and re- 
 quired. 
 
 VII. The attention of Capt. Cook wasdireifted not 
 only to the fliip. but to the perfons, hammocks, bed- 
 ding, cloaths, &c. of the crew, and even to the uten- 
 flls they ufed, that the whole might be condantlykept 
 clean and dry. Proper attention was paid to the fliip's 
 coppers ; and Ae fat which boiled out of the fait beef 
 and pork, the Captain never fuflcred to be given to the 
 people, being of opinion that it promotes the fcurvy, 
 Cleanlincfs is not only conducive to health, it alfo tends 
 to regularity, and is the patron of other virtues. If 
 you can perfuade thofe who are to be under command, 
 to be moiie cleanly than they are difpofed to be of them- 
 fdves,:tfaoy will become more fober, more orderl)-, and 
 roort- attentive to their duty. The practice in the 
 army verifiei this obfervation i yet, we confefs, a ma- 
 riner has indifferent means to keep hiinfclf clean, had 
 he the indtnation to. danit; but. in our opinion, fea 
 
 officers 
 
 
i : 
 
 104 
 
 dipt. C O O K'l 
 
 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 ' H 
 
 K 
 
 > 
 
 Ifi 
 
 ' Sii^ 
 
 t ! 
 
 bflkcn might avail themrdves of the Kill for ^vi- 
 ding frcfh water (br the purpore of vi»OAnffi feeing it 
 U well known thit fait water will not inik with ibap. and 
 linen wet with brine fcldom thoroughly driet. as for 
 Ci^pt. Cddk, one morning, in every weeki he pafled 
 hit ihip't compitny in trvitw. and faw that every liian 
 had chariged his linen, and was in other poinM at 
 clean as circumftances would permit ; and the finequeht 
 opportunities he had of uking in frefh water aihOng 
 the iflands in the South Sea, enabled him to allow his 
 crew a fufficient quantity of this wholefimte article for 
 every ufe ; and this brings us to another ufeful means 
 conducive to the health of Icamen. 
 
 VIII. Capt. Cook thought frefli water from the fliore 
 preferable to that which has been kept fome time on 
 board a (hip, and therefore he was careful to procure 
 a fupply of this eifential article wherever it was to be 
 obtained, even though his company were not in want 
 of it : nor were they ever at an allowance, but had al- 
 ways fufficient for every neceflary purpofe. Nor was 
 the Captain without an apparatus for dillillingfrelh wa- 
 ter; but thoug!-. lie availed himfelf fometimes of the 
 invention, he did not relv on it, finding by experi- 
 ments, that he could not obtain by this means nearly fo 
 much as was expedlcd. This was no difappointinent 
 to him, fince within the fbuthcm tropic, in the Pacific 
 Ocean, he difcovcred fo many iflands, all well flored 
 with whoicfomc fprings j and when in the high lati- 
 tudes, far from a lingle fountain, he found the.hard- 
 iliips and dangers infeparabic from the frigid zone, in 
 feme degree compeniatcd by the lingular felicity he 
 enjoyed. Of extraoing incxhauflible fupplics of frefh 
 water from an ocean (Irewcd with ice, Tiiofe Very 
 flioals, fields, and floating mountains of i<:e, among 
 which he fleered his perilous courfe, and which pre- 
 ftnted fuch terrifying objeds of dcitrudion, were the 
 very means of his fupport, by fupplying him abun- 
 dantly with what he mod wanted. I'hat all frozen 
 water would thaw into fi'fh, was a paradox that had 
 been alTetted, but met with little credit : even Capr. 
 Ceok himfelf expcded no fuch tranfmutation ; and 
 therefore was agreeably fuipriftd to find he had one 
 difficulty Icfs to encounter, namely, tl»t of preferving 
 the health of his men folong«n fait and putrid provi- 
 fions, with a fcanty allowance of, perhaps, foul water, 
 or only what he could obtain by the ufe of the ftil). An 
 antient writer of great authority, no lefs than one of 
 the Pliny's, had affigned. from theory, bad qualities 
 to melted fnow ; but our judicious commander affirm*, 
 that melted ice of the fca is not only frefli, but fofi, and 
 fo wholefome, as to fhew the Macy of human rcafbn 
 unlUpported by experiment*. And what is veiy re- 
 markable, though m the midfl of fleets, fidls of mow, 
 thick fogs, and much moift weather, the Refblution 
 enjoyed nearly the fanw flate of health, fhe had ex- 
 perienced in the temperate and torrid zones. Indeed 
 towards the end of the (everal courfes. JbnM of the 
 mariners b^n to complain of the fcurvy, but thk 
 difeafe made little progrefs ; nor were odier diforden, 
 colds, diarrhoeas, intermittentt, and continued 
 
 as 
 
 fevers, either numerous, alarming, or iittal. Nor 
 muft we omit here the renaark of a celebrated phy- 
 ftcian; who juftly obferves, " that much commendation 
 is due to the attention and abilities of Mr. Fatten, the 
 furaeon of the Refolution, for having fo wdl fecond- 
 edhis Captain in the difcbaive of nisdiflv. For it 
 muft be allowed, that in defpite of the bdt regulati- 
 ons, and the beft provifionsr there will alwtya be among 
 a numerous crew, during a long voyage, fome cafu- 
 altiea more or lefs produdive of fickneft,- and unlefs 
 thefe be an intelligent medical aflUfauiton boafd,many, 
 under the wifeft commander, will perifh, that other- 
 wife might have been fiiTed^ Wojhall cMiwe once 
 
 IX. ThittCapt. Cook was jwt only cncfiil to lepk- 
 niOi, whenever oppoitunity permined, hit caflu with 
 water) bat be pravided his mca with all kindi «f ic^ 
 ficihmenu. both animal and mgoMe, dntheomld 
 meet with, and by -ewnr tatuu in hia power : *«fe. 
 evcnif aotpkaOiftttliep^Be^ heobGyrfhia peo- 
 
 3 
 
 pie to Ufe, both by examine and authoi-ity r bu^.tRy 
 benefits arifing from refreflunents of any kind foon be 
 ^ame fo dbvious, that he had little occafion to reconv 
 mend the one, or exert the other. Thus did this ex'i 
 pert and humane navigator eihplqy aU the means and 
 ri^lations, which the art of hitin fuggcfted, or th# 
 God of nature provided for the moft benevdent pur* 
 pofe, even that of preferving the health and lives of 
 thofe intrufted to his care, mre is greater merh: than a 
 difcovery ct frozen unknown countries could have 
 claimed ; and which wiltexifl, in the opinion of everj" 
 benevolent mind, a fubjed of admiration and praife, 
 when die dilutes aboiut a fouthem continent, fnall no 
 longer en^[age the atteiition, or divide the judgment of 
 phUofophical enquirer^. This is a memorial more lafl' 
 ing than the mimic bult, or the emblazoned medal j 
 for this can never perifh, but will remain engraven pnl 
 the hearts of Englifhmen to their latcft poftenty. ti/lkf 
 future navigators fpring out of this bright eximipte, 
 not only to perpetuate his iuflly acquired fame, but to 
 imitate his labours for the advancement of natural 
 knowledge, the good of fociety, and the tnie glory of 
 Great Britain. 
 
 A TABLE of the Lamgi'aoe ufed by the NATivet of 
 the SbciiTV Isles, in Grammatical Order; to 
 Which is affixed an Explanation of their m£amno 
 in English. 
 
 1 
 
 Noi'NS. 
 
 
 Warradce 
 
 Aȣfr 
 
 Momoa 
 
 An Ancle 
 
 Maa 
 
 Al'tnent 
 
 Tacrcc 
 
 Adion 
 
 Fefc 
 
 Abfcefs ' 
 
 Nohora 
 
 Abode 
 
 Tccho 
 
 Adulterer 
 
 Toe 
 
 Axe 
 
 Eteourooa 
 
 Affcmhly 
 
 Miffln 
 • imjperity 
 '' JrAze (body i/J 
 
 Taan, ton 
 
 Tarra 
 
 Owba 
 
 Omoa 
 
 ■ •PeiHt ef ditto 
 
 Eoome 
 
 ■ Arrow 
 
 Oomaia 
 
 Aufwtr 
 
 Madoohowhy 
 Reemii 
 
 Apfnbatm 
 Arm 
 
 Ee 
 
 AriHpit 
 
 Evarre 
 
 Araet 
 
 Waura 
 
 Alive ' 
 
 Oopeere • '■• 
 
 Adbefive 
 
 Nana 
 
 Awry 
 
 Arra. Era 
 
 Awake 
 
 Parou. mou 
 
 True 
 
 Fata, hoito 
 
 Aoerfe 
 
 Ptepeere 
 
 Avarrtuus 
 
 Ama. Heaim ^ 
 Emotto 
 
 Mamed 
 A Battle 
 
 Poe 
 
 Bead 
 
 Eteoe. Eatee 
 
 Bag 
 
 Eraeunoo 
 
 Bait 
 
 Eeneeou 
 
 Bambof 
 
 Epaa 
 Hohote 
 
 Bank 
 Bark 
 
 Moene 
 
 Bajket of cocoa leavet 
 
 Errevy 
 PkpaMaieea 
 
 Ditto a fijber's 
 Ditto of plaintain flock 
 
 Apoaira 
 
 Ditto if cocoa leaves large 
 
 Vaihee 
 
 Dittoef ditto fmall 
 
 Hena 
 
 Dittotf twigs round 
 
 Fannatoonea 
 
 Bclftard 
 
 Peeretec 
 
 Beetle 
 
 Erao 
 
 Bu 
 
 Eraee.Moia 
 
 Bed 
 
 Oome oome 
 
 Beard 
 
 Omorre 
 
 Battle-axe 
 
 Mydiddc 
 
 Bate 
 
 Eevee. totu 
 
 Batebekr 
 
 Etama 
 
 Brother 
 
 EevM 
 
 Bme 
 
 fd'e 
 
COOK'i SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difeeveries in the Souti Seas & Round the fTor/J. 20^ 
 
 NOUNI. 
 
 
 Fefe 
 
 BUI 
 
 Evaa 
 
 Boat, or tmne 
 
 Toto.Ehi»oei 
 
 Blood 
 
 Meiec 
 
 Blifttr 
 
 Toona, tuu 
 
 BU/phmer 
 
 Totunceme 
 
 Bladder 
 
 Oore. cooha 
 
 Bitch 
 
 Eawou 
 
 Boldnefs 
 
 Manoo 
 
 Bird 
 
 HORM 
 
 Benevolaue 
 
 Tapatoo 
 
 Beggar 
 
 Pcpe 
 
 Butterfly 
 
 Eu 
 
 Bunch {of fruit) 
 
 Te, amhaoo 
 
 Buds 
 
 Peerara 
 
 Bonetto, afijb 
 
 ETanna 
 
 Bmo 
 
 Aroahooa 
 
 Bow-flriHg 
 
 Mydidde 
 
 Boy 
 
 Eama 
 
 Branch 
 
 Teeteere 
 
 Brifknefs 
 
 Ooroo 
 
 Bread-fruit 
 
 Epatea 
 £hoe 
 
 Ditto {ti particular kind) 
 
 Ditto (pafteof) 
 
 Tappnooroo 
 
 Bread-tree (gum of the') 
 
 Edaooroo 
 
 Ditto (leaf of the) 
 Ditto (pith of the) 
 
 Poooroo 
 
 Taoome 
 
 Breaft.plate 
 
 Ery 
 
 The Brow 
 
 Oma 
 
 Breaji 
 
 Ahooha 
 
 Brain 
 
 Era 
 
 Boards (carved of a Maray) 
 
 Tooa 
 
 Back 
 
 Frno 
 
 Bad 
 
 Ecoonoo 
 
 Baked 
 
 Oopobooto 
 
 BaldJieaded 
 
 Tatum 
 
 Bare 1 
 
 Fenooa Maoure 
 
 Barref-land ' 
 
 Ere, ere 
 
 Black 
 
 Mattt-po 
 
 Blind 
 
 Maneea 
 
 Blunt 
 
 Ooaweera] 
 
 Broiled 
 
 Motoo 
 
 Broken 
 
 Auraura 
 
 BrmiH 
 
 Pappa 
 
 A Crab 
 
 Ooora 
 
 Cray.fijh 
 
 Torea 
 
 Curlerv 
 
 OhoDC 
 
 Convolvulus 
 
 Orahooc 
 
 Cork 
 
 Taura 
 
 Cordage 
 
 Epecho 
 
 Corner 
 
 Pee, pccrc 
 
 Covetoufnffs 
 
 Mare 
 
 Cough 
 
 Pccceya 
 
 Covering ofajijh's gills 
 
 Nonoa 
 
 Coynefs 
 
 Roowa 
 
 Crab (land) 
 
 M0tO3 
 
 Crack 
 
 Teitci 
 
 Cripple 
 
 Arawcrcwa 
 
 Coekoe (a irown) 
 
 Toopooe 
 
 the Crown ofthj head 
 
 Emotootoo 
 
 Cramp 
 
 Boe 
 
 Core of an apple 
 
 Faout* 
 
 Cloth-ploMt 
 
 Aceoo 
 
 Claw <f a bird 
 
 Fraa 
 
 Chin 
 
 Opoe 
 
 Cbejl of the body 
 
 Pappareea 
 
 Cheek 
 
 Manecno '' 
 
 A Calm 
 
 Equ, Ihca 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Too, Etoo 
 
 G»w (fugar) 
 
 TaumatM 
 
 .Cap 
 
 Etooa 
 
 Caterpillar 
 
 Terapoo 
 
 Center (or middle) 
 
 TaataEmoo.EmoA 
 
 Chatterer 
 
 Peeha 
 
 Cheft 
 
 Moa peeriaia 
 
 A Chicken 
 
 Earee 
 
 Chief, or king 
 Ditto (an infer ior me) 
 
 Tooou 
 
 Emammatea 
 
 Cliffs ' 
 
 Toaa 
 
 Ctoth-beater 
 
 No. 24. 
 
 
 Nouns. 
 Eao 
 
 Moa, etoa 
 Potte pone 
 Aree 
 
 Pooroowaha, Pooroo 
 Erede, vae 
 Enchaoo 
 Pahoro, Pahenre 
 
 Chud 
 Cock 
 
 Oxk-roaeh 
 Cocoa-nut 
 Ditto (hulk of a) 
 Ditto (oil of) 
 Ditto (leaves of) 
 
 w.», . ....... Comb 
 
 Wahcmc, Moebo, Etoonea Concubine 
 
 Ooraoora Crimfon (colour) 
 
 Paraou maro. Parapanu>u Converfation 
 
 Wahcine, pooha Contempt (name of) 
 
 Madoo, howhy Confent 
 
 Evaheea CmfufedH^s 
 
 Tatou Computation 
 
 Teeya Company 
 
 Marcede Cold(fenfeof) 
 
 Ey Coitim 
 
 ^"'wy Cloth round the waifl, and 4 
 
 Jhirt 
 
 Heappa.heappa,Aade,pooee 
 
 
 ei, CV>np<)oeeei 
 Ooairara 
 Ahcerc, Ooa 
 Pooheere 
 Ooerai 
 Tceboota 
 Ahoo 
 
 Ewhou, arra 
 Etoo 
 Porhaoo 
 Eoore, tehai 
 Fanou, cvaho 
 Wara 
 
 Matamatea 
 Teeteere, Etirre 
 Poore, poore 
 Epooneina, Erooy 
 Goama, Eooee 
 Teate 
 Evahee 
 
 Ecoo, Eeewera 
 Ooa, peeape, Ehotto 
 Ooopeeo 
 Motoo 
 Etec 
 Epee 
 
 Hawa, hawa 
 Ehoonoa 
 Oo. atahai 
 Maheine 
 Heeva 
 Panee 
 Ooboota 
 Aouna 
 Adooa 
 Ooree 
 Eohoo 
 Mateina 
 Pkhoo 
 Mora 
 Eoo 
 Poeeree 
 Marama rama 
 Cotataheita 
 Matte noa 
 Tareea, tooree 
 Mona 
 Aheaoo 
 Erepo 
 Ehoonoa 
 Eeea 
 Faoooiic 
 Ewaou 
 Mattou 
 Topocta 
 Efao 
 Oomaro 
 Pammo 
 3F 
 
 Ditto (yellow) 
 Ditto (gummed) 
 Ditto (nankeen) 
 Ditto (dark brown) 
 Ditto (brown thin) 
 Ditto (an oblong piece of) 
 Ditto of any kind 
 Cl<y 
 
 Clapping (a noife) 
 Clappers 
 CircumciJioH 
 Child-bearing 
 Cheerftdnefs 
 Chalk 
 Celerity 
 
 Chequered, or painted 
 Choaked 
 Clean 
 Clear 
 Chfe 
 
 Coined (viauals) 
 Crammed, or crowded 
 Crooked 
 Cut, or divided 
 A Devil 
 ' Di/eafe 
 
 Diarrhea Cloofenefs) 
 
 Denial ^ ^ '' ' 
 
 Drop 
 
 Daughter 
 
 Dance 
 
 Ijkad-drefs at funerals 
 
 Door 
 
 Dolphin 
 
 Doll 
 
 Dog 
 
 Ditch 
 
 Diftria 
 
 Drum 
 
 Duck 
 
 ^g, or nipple 
 
 Darknefs 
 
 Oay-light 
 
 Day-break 
 
 Death (natural) 
 
 Deafnrfs 
 
 Deep-water 
 
 Dew 
 
 Dirt, and naJHnefs 
 
 Difapprobation 
 
 Difbon^fly 
 
 DiffatisfaHion 
 
 Dawn (foft hair) 
 
 Dread 
 
 Dropsofram 
 
 Dumbnefs 
 
 Dry 
 
 Drorvned 
 
 1 
 
 Xeo* 
 
206 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 Noi'NIi 
 
 Ecod 
 
 Taurooa 
 
 Roa 
 
 TaeevB 
 
 Epootootf 
 
 Niattc rod 
 
 Taatac 
 
 Tooo 
 
 Heawjr 
 
 Poc note tareei 
 
 Tareea 
 
 Tatoorec 
 
 Ehooero tc Manbd 
 
 Pcery 
 
 Matta 
 
 Tooa, matta 
 
 Oohoihoi 
 
 Tctooee 
 
 Toorce 
 
 Tooty 
 
 Ooataad. Tataooa 
 
 Eia, Eta 
 
 Oohytci 
 
 Etoo 
 
 Poorehooa 
 
 Wccwo 
 
 Omamao 
 
 Rypocea 
 
 Taouna 
 
 Moa 
 
 Apoo 
 
 Eccda 
 
 Motoo 
 
 Makeera 
 
 Ewha 
 
 Epa 
 
 Eya 
 
 Eiata 
 
 Paiou 
 
 Oomorche 
 
 F^mc 
 
 Marara 
 
 Erecma 
 
 Epatta 
 
 Taharce 
 
 Ehoo 
 
 Mcdooa tanne 
 
 Tannc, tc hoa 
 
 Hooroo, hooroo manoo 
 
 2(*i 
 
 Emotcea 
 
 Mamo-oo 
 
 Tirta 
 
 Pooa 
 
 Tapooy 
 
 Ery 
 
 Ahca 
 
 Avec 
 
 Hoocro te manoo 
 
 Hooero 
 
 Eoo-ec 
 
 Taina 
 
 Tocarrc tarreea 
 
 Tecarreoowa 
 
 Pooa 
 
 Papa 
 
 Da-hee-erc-e-reupa 
 
 Amoto 
 
 Eahai 
 
 Fa& 
 
 Farara, Toororee 
 
 iOreffed, not raw 
 Umble 
 Diftant 
 mfpleajei 
 Decrepit 
 Dead 
 Ah Enemy 
 Echo 
 
 Echinus, orjea-eg^ 
 Ear-ring 
 Ear 
 Ditto (the injide tf) 
 
 Ere-iird (white) 
 rheE^e 
 Eie-brow 
 t/cening 
 
 Eiipbortium-tree 
 Elbonv 
 Excrement 
 Eitipty 
 Entire 
 Equal 
 
 Ereft > 
 
 AFIy 
 mute 
 
 Fh-catcher (a bird) 
 Hg 
 FM 
 Pkvl 
 
 Farunculus {a boil) 
 
 Flejh-mark 
 
 Fijfure 
 
 Fijbing'rod 
 
 Ftjb-pot 
 
 Fijbinr-wall 
 
 Fifl, * 
 
 Ditto [the cuckold) 
 Ditto (flat green and red) 
 Ditto (a yellow and flat) ^ 
 Ditto (green and flat) 
 Ditto (fly'ig) 
 Finger 
 Fillip 
 Pdn 
 Fart 
 
 Father . " ' 
 
 Ditto (a fief) 
 Feather 
 The Face 
 Fern-tree 
 Fin ofafijb 
 Flonvcr of a plant 
 Foot ^ 
 
 Forehead 
 
 trapping of a flute 
 Fruit (yellow) 
 Ditto (ferfuthe) 
 Fruit 
 
 FriHioH ' 
 
 Freckles 
 
 Flowers for ear-ornaments 
 Ditto (open) 
 Dittoofaplant 
 Flatnefs 
 Flapper {a fly) 
 
 Fifl (flrmng with in dancing) 
 Fire 
 
 Feeling (fenfe of) 
 Feeilenefs 
 
 Hooroo, hooroo, te manoo Feathers (red) 
 
 Mattou Fear 
 
 Mace Fat of meat 
 
 Moc, momjr Fainting 
 
 faattaatu Facetious 
 
 Hawarre Falfe 
 
 Peea Fat 
 
 Eheieu, Faca Fatigued 
 • 3 
 
 NOUNI. 
 
 Tcmy de poaree 
 
 Eooha 
 
 Fcnooa, maa 
 
 Eotc 
 
 Mahouta 
 
 Ooaro 
 
 Erepo 
 
 Eanna, anna 
 
 Sa, Oopya, Paya 
 oboona 
 
 OUFOO 
 
 Too boona tahetoo 
 
 Tooboona 
 
 Taata Aee, Erapoa nooe 
 
 HccoceoM 
 
 Tatooy 
 
 Tooncea 
 
 Tatooa 
 
 £ho-oo 
 
 Avoutoo 
 
 Orabooboo 
 
 Aaoo 
 
 Horoa 
 
 Anonoho 
 
 Tapa 
 
 Poorc, poore 
 
 Arahai 
 
 Tomo 
 
 Mamahou, Maro0 
 
 Efarre 
 
 Awhatta 
 
 Efarrepota 
 
 Ehamoote 
 
 Matau 
 
 Eeaoure 
 
 Erooa 
 
 Boa 
 
 Maoo, Maooa 
 
 Talha 
 
 Otoo 
 
 "trapappa 
 
 Totera 
 
 Toe 
 
 Tootou 
 
 Oraro 
 
 Eteete 
 
 Eroroo 
 
 Hinnahcina 
 
 Ehoo 
 
 Peepce 
 
 Oetoeto 
 
 Epoote 
 
 Ereema 
 
 Peelcoi 
 
 One one 
 
 Oopo 
 
 Evoua 
 
 Enanea 
 
 Ahoutoo 
 Peerc, pecrc 
 Po>oorou 
 Etooec, Eoowha 
 Etohe 
 Tamorou 
 Epace no t'Enee 
 Niahcine, Amauhattoi 
 Eeaoure 
 E&o 
 En, eta 
 
 Mahanna, hanna 
 Teimaha 
 Mato 
 Poheea 
 ,Fa, atn.ata 
 Pororce, Pocca 
 Motoo 
 
 Fellno (a young clever one, tr 
 ky) 
 
 Female kind 
 
 Fertile, land 
 
 Few ,. , 
 
 FbwH 
 
 Ftrgot 
 
 Fau 
 
 Frtfl} 
 
 rUl (fatisfied) 
 ■A Grandfon 
 
 Great-great-prandfather 
 
 Creat-erandfatber 
 
 Gratitffather 
 
 Glutton 
 
 Gta/s (Ming) 
 
 Girthing manufaSure 
 
 Girl 
 
 Girdle 
 
 Gimblet 
 
 Garland of flvwers 
 
 Gut (the blind) , , , 
 
 Cuts ofanitnals 
 
 Generofity , 
 
 Grafs 
 
 Groin (the) 
 
 Green 
 
 Great 
 
 Grafping 
 
 Good-natured 
 A Hit, orhoufe 
 
 tbttfe on props 
 
 Ditto (a targe one) 
 
 Ditto (of office) 
 
 Hook (fiflb) 
 
 Ditto (a particular fort) 
 
 Hole 
 
 Hig 
 
 Hill 
 
 Ditto (called one tree) 
 
 Heron (a blue) 
 
 Ditto (a white) 
 
 Hedge-hog (thefea) 
 
 Hatchet 
 
 Harbour 
 
 Harangue 
 
 Hammer 
 the Hair 
 
 Ditto (grey) 
 
 Ditto (red) 
 
 Ditto (^curled) 
 
 Ditto (wooelly or frizzled) 
 
 Ditto (tied up) 
 
 Hand 
 
 Ditto I deformed) 
 
 Ditto \a motion with) 
 
 Head 
 
 Ditto (/horn) 
 
 Head-ach, tccqfioned by dnm* 
 kennefs 
 
 Heart of an animal 
 
 Hibifcus (a flower) 
 
 Ditto (tvitbyellow flowers) 
 
 Hiccup 
 
 Hips 
 
 Ditto (puniluatedl^ 
 
 Horizon 
 
 Houfe-wife (the induflriats) 
 
 Honejh 
 
 Hearfenefs 
 
 Hardineft 
 
 Heat 
 
 Heavy 
 
 High 
 
 m 
 
 Jf&mrmt 
 UiHgty,9rbiuger 
 Anl/bt 
 
 Miheine 
 
■^ssKsssasHSB? 
 
 COOKrs SECOND VOYAGE— for mtkingDtytowiries iii the Sdut6 Seas & Round the WorU. a 07 
 
 NouNf. 
 Maheine Opataieehu 
 
 Etee 
 
 Eta 
 
 Taboone 
 
 Weeata 
 
 Oore, ceeooe 
 
 Teohe 
 
 Tawytte 
 
 Teepy 
 
 Taeea 
 
 Erahoo 
 
 Myro 
 
 Peepeere 
 
 Tec, tee 
 
 Roa .* 
 
 Poo 
 
 Tccpy 
 
 Tapona 
 
 Vanodoo 
 
 Teebona 
 
 Tec, poo 
 
 Etooree 
 
 Ootno .. . 
 
 Erooro 
 
 Earee, dahai 
 
 Emoteea 
 
 Fooahooa 
 
 Matte 
 
 Ootoo 
 
 Ehoonoa 
 
 Hawa, hava 
 
 Heeoeeotta 
 
 Teeonai 
 
 Mo-o 
 
 Taata, hawarre 
 
 Tao 
 
 Ewhaouna 
 
 Eraa, Eara 
 
 Fenooa. W^eaooa 
 
 Paraou 
 
 Inguifitivt (a tatling « 
 
 . man) 
 
 Image of a human figure 
 
 Jaw {the lower) 
 
 Jealoufy (in a woman) 
 
 Ignorance 
 
 ill-natured 
 
 Imft 
 
 Incejl 
 
 Indolence 
 
 Indu/iry 
 
 Ink [for funHuatitti) 
 
 Itch (the) 
 
 Inhospitable 
 
 Indigent 
 
 Immenfe 
 
 Immature 
 
 Indolent, idle 
 A Knot 
 
 Ditto (a double one) 
 
 Ditto {a female one) 
 
 Knuckle 
 
 Knee 
 
 Kite that boys flay with 
 
 King-fijher 
 
 King 
 
 Kernel of a eocoa nut 
 
 Kidneys (the) 
 
 Killed 
 4 Loufe 
 
 Lover 
 
 laofenefs 
 
 Looking-glafs 
 
 Lobjier 
 
 Lizard 
 
 Liar 
 
 Lance, irjfear 
 
 Lagoon 
 
 Ladder 
 
 Land, a country 
 
 Language 
 Tiniorodee,teTiinorodeeZ)'//o ujedin dancing 
 
 Nooe 
 
 Teepy 
 
 Awy 
 
 Maramarama 
 
 Oowaira 
 
 Ootoo 
 
 Teetoo, arapoa 
 
 Oopeca 
 
 Hea, hea, Papoo 
 
 Aooweew4 
 
 Eawawa 
 
 Mama 
 
 Eete 
 
 Tei, tei 
 
 Arahai 
 
 Aeo 
 
 Toohai 
 
 P06, poo. Poo 
 
 Kou ou 
 
 Taato toa 
 
 Worou, worou 
 
 Miooa. Moua 
 
 Madooa, waheine 
 
 ^lepe 
 
 'Whattarau 
 
 Marama 
 
 Atoonoa 
 
 Rypoeea 
 
 Ea 
 
 Teera 
 
 Evanne 
 
 Moea 
 
 Poorou 
 
 Eeerce 
 
 Ottaha 
 
 Largenefs 
 Laztnejs 
 Leg (the) 
 Day-light 
 Lightning 
 Lips (ti^ 
 Lungs (the) 
 Lujiy 
 Lew 
 Loofe 
 
 Loathfome 
 Light 
 Little 
 Lame 
 Large 
 
 Lean of meat 
 Lean, /lender 
 A hlujket, or any kind of fire 
 arms 
 lAufcU-Jhell 
 Murderer 
 Multitude 
 mountain, or bill 
 Mother 
 Moth 
 
 Monument (funeral) 
 Month (lunar) 
 Mole, or mark 
 Mift, or fog 
 Meafure 
 Maft of a came 
 Mat 
 
 Ditto (afilky kind) 
 Ditto (a coarjifort) 
 Mark Ca black et^ ,fi tbe 
 
 fitn) 
 Man of war bird 
 
 
 NOUKI, 
 
 Taata, Taane 
 
 Taata, hamaneenb 
 
 Tooreea 
 
 Etoa 
 
 Teropoo 
 
 Marama 
 
 Oopoeepoee 
 
 Evaha 
 
 Hceva 
 
 Ecva 
 
 Tapaoo 
 
 ; Ooata 
 I Mouateitei 
 I Mouahaha 
 I Pereraou 
 I Mamma, haoo 
 ; Otoora, heipo 
 ; Ehoohoo 
 
 Worou, worou, 
 manoo 
 
 Para, Pe 
 
 Wararee 
 
 Patea 
 
 Matte. Matteroa 
 
 Fatebooa 
 
 Eeeoa 
 
 Taatatooboo 
 
 Oopaia 
 j Oporo 
 JEoo 
 j Eriha 
 1 Aree 
 ! Eeehee 
 ' Popoheo 
 ,' Aeeoo 
 
 Eure 
 
 Aec 
 
 Tatou 
 '• Wawatea 
 ! Po. Eaoo 
 
 Narreeda 
 
 Taturra 
 jPeere, peerc 
 
 Erepo 
 iHou 
 
 i Poto. Whattata 
 jEmoo 
 
 Oohoppe, pooaia 
 
 Ooomoo 
 
 Ewhatto 
 
 Iteea 
 
 Pahooa 
 
 Erapaoo 
 
 Ty, Meede 
 
 Ooapee 
 
 Maray Wharre 
 
 Tooee, tareea 
 
 Warawara 
 
 Monoe 
 
 Oopeea 
 Nonoa 
 
 Orawheva 
 Eatea 
 Ferei 
 
 Watoowheitte 
 Tahoua 
 Eoua 
 Oorahdo 
 Omo 
 Erabo 
 i Epeeho 
 ' Hooahoua 
 Eroope 
 Oooopa 
 Oooowydero 
 Popoee 
 Hawa, hava 
 Taata po Erapaoo. 
 
 Man . . 
 
 Ditto (a bad one) 
 
 Maid, er girl 
 Tbe Male of any animal 
 
 'Middle of any thing 
 
 Moon 
 
 Morning 
 
 Mouth 
 
 ^ufic 
 
 fuming 
 
 pitto (leaves, ufedon that ec- 
 eafion) 
 
 Motion 
 
 Mountains of thefirjl order 
 
 Ditto of the fecond ditto 
 
 "Ditto of the third dittt 
 
 Modejiy 
 
 Midnight 
 
 Maggots 
 irnanoo, 
 
 Many 
 
 Mature 
 
 Moijl 
 
 Motherly 
 
 Murdered 
 
 Mute 
 A Noun, er name of a thing 
 
 Native 
 
 Net (fijhing one) 
 
 Night Jhade 
 
 Nipple 
 
 Nit 
 
 Nut (cocoa) 
 
 Ditto a large comprejfed dittt 
 The Nojlrils 
 
 Nail 
 
 Ditto of iron 
 
 Neck 
 
 Numeration 
 
 Noon 
 
 Night 
 
 Needles 
 
 Naked 
 
 Narrow 
 
 Najly 
 
 New 
 
 Nigh 
 
 Noify 
 An Orphan 
 
 Oven 
 
 Owner 
 
 Oyjier (large fort) 
 
 Ditto (another fort) 
 
 Ointment plafier 
 Tbe Ocean 
 
 Outfide of a thing 
 
 Ornaments (burial) 
 
 g^itto (for the ear) 
 rder 
 Oil (perfumed) 
 Obefitjy (fatnefs) 
 Odoriferous 
 Old 
 
 Open (fpacious) 
 Ditto (notfhut) 
 Oppofite 
 Apriefi 
 Porpoife 
 Poll 
 Plant 
 
 Ditto (afmallftrt) 
 Plain 
 Pintle 
 
 Pigeon (a wood) 
 Ditto (green arid white) 
 Ditto (black and white) 
 Pudding 
 Purring 
 PhyJIaan 
 
 Aroo 
 
• VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 NOUM*. 
 
 Aroumaicea 
 Awa 
 Teaoo 
 Poe 
 
 Pye. py* 
 
 Eara 
 
 Earetea 
 
 Parooroo 
 
 Eaa 
 
 Cveenee 
 
 Medooa 
 
 Anoho 
 
 Ehoe 
 
 Etanea 
 
 Apooreema 
 
 Etararo 
 
 Amaa, Eatta 
 
 Oe, oc, or oi oi 
 
 Ahooa 
 
 Oomam 
 
 Awaawa 
 
 Faiee 
 
 Maicea, Maya 
 
 Patooneha 
 
 Mamma 
 
 Mamy 
 
 Meatee 
 
 Kee 
 
 Pacta 
 
 Maroo 
 
 Teetec 
 
 Wahapoo 
 
 Teeopa 
 
 Eooee 
 
 Pceha 
 
 FatlebQpa 
 
 Etirre 
 
 Hoe, fahcrre 
 
 Taun 
 
 Apoo, Ea 
 
 Faoo 
 
 Eaou 
 
 Eeea. Taata 
 
 Eara 
 
 Maino 
 
 Awao 
 
 Ehoonooa 
 
 Yorcc. Eyone 
 
 Oo-ec 
 
 Maitoe 
 
 Euooa 
 
 Maiho 
 
 Pooance 
 T, Ewahci 
 Enooa 
 Tooroore 
 Coatapone 
 Tooe, tooe 
 Eooa 
 £wao wao 
 
 EotU 
 
 Parourc 
 
 Oora, oora. Matde 
 
 F.wlia 
 
 Epotoo 
 
 Para. Pu Ooopw 
 
 Ooawaira 
 
 Koope. 
 
 Tarra, tarra 
 
 Eroo 
 
 Hornwai 
 
 Tarooa 
 
 Papa. Papa, rooa 
 
 Pitttaai ef ffaintain Itavtt 
 Peffer-fltmt 
 
 PeaH 
 
 Pavement 
 Path, or road 
 Pap, r- fir ait 
 Partiu,a 
 
 Parnquet (green) 
 Ditto (blue J 
 Parent 
 Pair 
 
 Paddle of a tantt 
 Tbe Palate 
 
 Palm of the hand 
 
 Part below the tonne 
 
 Tbe fedunele, or ftalk of « 
 
 fhta 
 Point of any thing 
 Pumpkins 
 Potatoes (Fuieet) 
 Pol/on (bitter J 
 plantains (bo^) 
 Plantain tree (the fruit of 
 
 tbe) 
 Perfons of dijiin/lion 
 Pc^e {a fermented) 
 Pap 
 PainCthefenfetf) 
 
 Petty (/mail) 
 Plane (/moeth) 
 Pleafed (not croft) 
 Poor 
 
 Pregnant 
 
 Prone, or face downwards 
 Pure, clear 
 A Siijiver 
 ^ietnefs 
 S^icineft 
 A Rudder, or fleering paddle ef 
 a canoe 
 Rape 
 Root 
 Rock 
 
 Reef of rocks 
 Robier, or thief 
 Road, or path 
 Ring 
 Rib 
 
 Refu/al 
 Rat 
 
 Rafp, or file 
 Raft of Bamboo 
 Rainbow 
 Rail (fpotud with black, 
 
 &c.) 
 Ditto (another fort) 
 The Remainder 
 
 Ringworm (a difeafej 
 RaUing of thejbip 
 Running (to efcape) 
 
 Refpiration 
 
 Ram 
 
 Rank (infmell) 
 
 Raw meat 
 
 Raw fruit 
 
 Red 
 
 Rent 
 
 Rich 
 
 Ripe 
 
 Reafied, or broiled 
 
 Rotten 
 
 Rifugb 
 A Sw3l (of the fed) 
 
 Surf of thejea 
 
 Storm 
 
 Stool, to ley tbe head on 
 wbentfmf 
 
 Noun*. 
 
 Owhay 
 
 5/«w 
 
 Paiaoo 
 
 Ditto (polijhed, H «m4» tht 
 
 Tame 
 
 Stick (a walking) 
 
 Everee 
 
 Star-Jjb 
 
 Efaitoo. Hwett* 
 
 Star 
 
 Etootee 
 
 Stage (afgbting) 
 
 Tao 
 
 Spear 
 aore 
 
 Ewhaeono 
 
 Opai 
 
 Heeva 
 
 Song 
 
 Myde 
 
 Sen 
 
 Hoonoa 
 
 Son-in-lavf 
 
 Tcetce 
 
 A Snipe, or rather « ti^^rf 
 jemblinr on* 
 Snake ifia) 
 
 Pooheearo* 
 
 Ema 
 
 Sling "^ 
 
 Tooeinc 
 
 Sifler 
 Shirt (white) 
 
 Parooy 
 
 Pahce 
 
 Ship 
 
 Porchoo 
 
 SbeU(3yger) 
 DittoTafmaU one) 
 
 Otco 
 
 Mao 
 
 Shark 
 
 Towtow 
 
 Servant, or common ferfin 
 
 Moray 
 
 Papa 
 
 Fatoo whaira 
 
 Sepulchre 
 
 Seat 
 
 Seam, between txi» planks 
 
 Heawy 
 
 Sea-egg. 
 
 EUU 
 
 Stoop, with vsbicb veater 
 
 
 is emptied from a cu' 
 
 
 me 
 
 Etona 
 
 Scab 
 
 Eecoo 
 
 Saw 
 
 Ewhoee 
 
 Skate-fifb 
 
 Mahanna. Era. 
 
 Tbe Sun 
 
 Teincea tc Mahanna 
 
 Ditto (the meridian) 
 
 Eaha 
 
 String of a auiver 
 
 Ponau 
 
 Stopper of data 
 
 Paraeea 
 
 Stomach 
 
 Tapooy 
 
 SoU of tbe foot 
 
 Eraee 
 
 Skin 
 
 Eerec ' 
 
 Ereeawo 
 
 Side 
 
 Atou, ataou 
 
 Ditto (the right) 
 Ditto (the left) 
 
 Aroode 
 
 Eata 
 
 Shore . 
 
 Etoroo tc paia 
 
 Seyne(a net) 
 Seed of a plant 
 
 Hooatootoo, Ehoocro 
 
 Tacc, Mccde 
 
 Sea 
 
 Poohc 
 
 Sea-cat 
 
 Eeeai 
 
 Sail of a came 
 
 Tyty, Mcede 
 
 Salt, orfalt-vitaea 
 
 Eone 
 
 Sand 
 
 Whatihca 
 
 Saturn 
 
 Eoora 
 
 Smoke 
 
 Tabooa, Manoo 
 
 Sauiider's ifland 
 
 Poa 
 
 Scales of afijh 
 
 Otoobo, Otoobo 
 
 Sciffart {a peur of) 
 
 Ehcco 
 
 Seeing (tbe fenfe of) 
 
 Arawha 
 
 Shipwreck 
 
 Tana 
 
 Shoes (mud, orfiJhin£^ 
 
 Matte my Mamy 
 
 Sicknefs 
 
 Faea 
 Fattcbooa 
 
 Sighing 
 Silencf 
 
 Moeroa 
 
 Sleep, or death 
 
 Fatatoo, Ootoo, too,too Smelling (the fenfe of) 
 
 Bappara 
 
 Smutting (with charcoal, at 
 
 
 funeral ceremonies) 
 
 Machccai 
 
 Sneeung 
 
 Hoope 
 
 Mucus 
 
 Teireida 
 
 Stbernefs 
 Softnefs 
 
 Maroo 
 
 Mamay 
 
 Sorenefs, or pain 
 
 Pacena 
 
 Sound 
 
 Mattaareva 
 
 Squint-eyed 
 
 Euhaaou 
 
 Suicide 
 
 Eto, Too 
 
 Sugar-cane 
 
 Wccala 
 
 Stupidity 
 
 Apet 
 
 Striking in dantint) 
 
 Tootoone 
 
 
COOK'i SECOND VQYAGfi^Jfor making Dijt*utrieshn the Soiith ^>di& Rftfhd the WorU. 309 
 
 r/»- 
 
 TootooM 
 
 NOUNI. 
 
 Namooa, Neeneo , 
 
 Pahoore hoore 
 
 Maroo, maroo 
 
 Ooee 
 
 Popotoo 
 
 Opanee, Poopeepe 
 
 Oowhyada 
 
 Marra, marroa. Fata 
 
 Eete 
 
 Pays 
 
 Mato 
 
 Peere, peere j 
 
 Oomara 
 
 AbooU 
 
 Poheea 
 
 Fateenba 
 
 Aow 
 
 Etapayroy 
 
 ' llaneeo 
 Too, pappou 
 Ehonoo 
 
 Efarre pootoo pootoo 
 Erao 
 Toa Erao 
 
 Manooroa 
 
 Etaec 
 
 Ero 
 
 Ehoppe 
 
 Epiro^ 
 
 Too 
 
 Oeeo 
 
 Tamata 
 
 Eneeheeo 
 
 Arapoa 
 
 Ereema, erab^ 
 
 Erero ' 
 
 Mahea 
 
 Evaeero^ Paraoti, ttbu 
 
 Aoiidou 
 
 Fafa 
 
 Otoootteepo 
 
 Pateere 
 
 Hoeoire 
 
 Fatebooa 
 
 Paraou, no te «pe6 
 
 "Wahecy 
 
 Meoomeoo 
 
 Apeubau 
 
 Tooe, tooe 
 
 Eworeroo, Eworepo 
 
 Ahoooue 
 
 Opfii 
 
 Areeoi 
 
 Poo 
 
 Epao 
 
 Maniuhouna 
 
 Oomutte 
 
 Aiboo 
 Tourooa 
 . Ewoua 
 Ara, ha(, Mai, vajm 
 Nana 
 Mouna 
 Ootee 
 Waheine 
 Waheine mou 
 Evaroiwit Eatopa 
 Ereou 
 
 Malaeeoup^ee 
 Maheine 
 Watooneea 
 
 EnM 
 Ho. a j. 
 
 5/0;;^/, fuch as fland ii^gbt 
 \ btfore tbt buts 
 . Stinking - ■ ' '' 
 Scratched 
 Shady 
 
 Sharp ("keen idgtd) 
 Short 
 
 Shut ("not 9fen) 
 Similar 
 
 Slow ' 
 
 Small 
 Smooth 
 Steep (approaching to a per- 
 
 pendicutar) 
 Strait (not wide) 
 StrongCasaJirfingmnJ ' 
 Struck- '^ . 
 
 Sultry »^^t:/ *' 
 
 Supine (with thefau lip) 
 A Tide, or current 
 
 Title {belonging to a Woman 
 
 of quality J 
 Toe 
 . Tomb 
 Torloife 
 Town 
 Tree 
 Ditto from v)hich tlubs, &c. 
 
 are made 
 Tropic bird 
 Turban 
 Tail 
 
 Ditto of a bird 
 Tetotum 
 Teat, or dug 
 Tern (a bird) 
 TaJtiugCfenfeof) 
 The Teeth 
 Throat 
 
 Thumb I 
 
 Tongue '' _ i 
 
 Twins 
 Truth 
 Trembling 
 Touching 
 Time (a fpace from 6/010. 
 
 at night 
 Thunder \ 
 
 Throwing (in dancing) 
 Thoughtfulnefs ' 
 
 Thoughts 
 Thirfl 
 . Thickntfs (infolid bodies) 
 :. Tenants 
 
 Thick Cfubjlanct) 
 Ditto (muddy J 
 Tough' 
 An Ulcer 
 
 Unmarried perfoH 
 Unripe 
 A Vapour (luminous) 
 Vagal \j>rfubjetf) 
 Vejftl (in which liquor is 
 
 Ditto (any hollow ent) 
 
 ■ Venus 
 , Veins (the) [ 
 
 Vafi 
 A Vvry-neck 
 Wr^ler 
 Wou»d 
 H^oman 
 Ditto C a married on/ey 
 
 ■ Wifh (to one whoffutTsts) 
 
 ■ ^'."S C'f « tijdj 
 Window 
 
 mfe 
 
 Widow 
 Wtdgt 
 
 Noun a. 
 
 Toria 
 Taatatoa 
 
 Mattay 
 Mattacc 
 Momoa 
 EpQuntt ^^* 
 
 Avy 
 
 Patoa 
 
 Erao 
 
 Eimeo 
 
 Peenata 
 
 Heappa 
 
 Mceo, meco 
 
 Wart 
 
 Warrior (or rather a nun* 
 
 killer) ^ 1 
 
 Wind (the) ' 
 
 Ditto (the South'EttffS 
 Wri/l (the) 
 Whi/lling (ufed tt Ctttl the 
 
 people to meals) 
 Water 
 
 ■Water-creffes 
 Wood of any kind 
 Terk IJland 
 Tounir 
 Telliw 
 Wrinkled 
 
 - Promovmi. 
 
 Wou. Mee 
 
 Nooo 
 
 Totaooa " . ,- 
 
 No-oe \ 
 
 Taooa, Aroorooa 
 
 Oe 
 
 Nana 
 
 /, myfelf, me 
 Mine 
 
 Thing 
 
 We, both of ui 
 
 Tou 
 
 He 
 
 Verbs. 
 Eteci 
 Eooawai 
 Ehootee 
 
 Homy, Hapymy 
 Fyroo, tooty , 
 Taprahai '. 
 Oboo 
 Tcimotoro 
 Toopy 
 Erookoo 
 I'arry 
 Erooy 
 Fafefe 
 Etatce 
 Aahoo 
 Fatte 
 
 Ehooee, Ehoo-o 
 Etooo 
 
 To Abide 
 
 '^ Agitate 
 
 ' Angle 
 
 Ajkfor a thing 
 - Wipe the baekjidt 
 
 Bajlinade 
 To Bathe 
 
 Bawl 
 
 ■ Beat upon 
 Beat a drum 
 Befpatter 
 Belch 
 
 • Bend any thing ' 
 
 ■ Bewail 
 Bite, as a dog 
 Blow the mfe 
 Bore a hole 
 Bow with the head 
 
 .1 
 
 Owhattc, Owhanne, VMtBreak a thing 
 
 Watte weete wc teaho 
 
 Homy 
 
 Doodooe 
 
 Too-Qtooooo 
 
 Eamo 
 
 Evaha 
 
 Popoee. Peert) 
 
 Amawheea' ' ^ 
 
 Ehoote 
 
 Ey 
 
 Ehee, te, me, «yty 
 
 Taharee 
 
 Tararo 
 
 Encat 
 
 Aaooa 
 
 Taee 
 
 Eparoo 
 
 Otee 
 
 Oono 
 
 Eooe<! 
 
 Faweewo ' 
 
 Eaoowai 
 
 Faeeta 
 
 Atooha 
 
 Ehopoo 
 
 Etea 
 
 Erako 
 
 £u, hauhoo t'Ahoo 
 
 Aoenoo 
 
 Etooroo . 
 
 Ey, Mkai 
 3G 
 
 Breathe 
 
 Bring, a thing 
 
 Burn a thing 
 
 Callaperfon 
 
 Carry any thing 
 
 Carry any one on tht back 
 
 Catch a thing' 
 
 Catch a ball 
 
 Catch fjh with a line 
 
 Chew 
 
 Chufe ■_ 
 
 Cool with a fan 
 
 Court a woman 
 
 Creep on the hands tmifttt 
 
 Crow, as a cock . 
 
 Cry 
 
 Cur 
 
 Cut the hair witbfcijfart 
 
 Darn 
 
 Dejire 
 
 Dip miatinfitkviattt 
 
 Difengage (untie)' 
 
 Dtjlort, the limbs, ^, 
 
 Diflribute 
 
 Dtve under water 
 
 Draw a bow 
 
 Draw by force. 
 
 Drefs (put en chatbsS 
 
 Dritik 
 
 Drop, cr Irak 
 
 Eat 
 
 Hohom 
 
flio 
 
 Opt. COOK't V O Y A OE 8 C O M P L B T B. 
 
 t 
 
 
 i: 
 
 ViRtt. 
 
 Hohon 
 
 Topa 
 
 Tearro 
 
 Atco 
 
 Eneotto 
 
 Eiote 
 
 Mahoni 
 
 Panoo 
 
 Eraire 
 
 Hefeto 
 
 Ehanne 
 
 Hoatoo 
 
 Harre 
 
 Erawa 
 
 Haro 
 
 Atee 
 
 Harawai 
 
 Eannatehearee 
 
 Werooa 
 
 Etoe, toowhe 
 
 Ewoua 
 
 Teraee 
 
 Ehoona 
 
 Tapea 
 
 Elebaou, Wapoota 
 
 Teche 
 
 Mou 
 
 Tooo 
 
 Ateci te Efarre 
 
 Ewhae 
 
 Faeete 
 
 Ehoora, telawhy 
 
 Mahouta, Aratre 
 
 Tahee 
 
 Emaa 
 
 Ehoce 
 
 Eete 
 
 Ehea 
 
 Atta 
 
 Ewheeoo 
 
 Erawai 
 
 Eteraha, Tepoo 
 
 Atoonoo t'Eeewen 
 
 Teepy 
 
 Ewhatoroo t'Arere 
 
 Tapoone 
 
 Ehenaroo 
 
 Hohora, te Moeya 
 
 Faeete 
 
 Ewharidde 
 
 Tootooc 
 
 Oohappa 
 
 Apooepooe 
 
 Epoota 
 
 Etoohee 
 
 Hamamma 
 
 Ewhaou 
 
 Atouou 
 
 Tehaddoo 
 
 Emaooma 
 
 Ehapaoo 
 
 Oopoupou, teaho 
 
 AVhatea 
 
 Wemma 
 Atec, Eatee 
 Ehee te mai my ty 
 Oonu 
 - Areete 
 Hoohootee 
 Eoowhce 
 Manee , 
 
 Rorome 
 Eawa, Erooy 
 Eroo, Eroo, Eharoo 
 
 Tooraee 
 
 EMtMd 
 
 T» Fall dnim 
 Ft*t 
 Fttcbit 
 Hlbt 
 
 FlA(t0 9ftHtb*) 
 
 Float OH tbtfact in the wa- 
 ttr 
 To Fly (at a bird) 
 Fold up 
 Frifi'^ 
 
 Give any I 
 Co, or wali 
 Co, or quit a flatt 
 Co, btfione 
 Co fitch it 
 Craff 
 Crate the kernel of a cocoa' 
 
 nut 
 Crow 
 
 Crunt, or^rain 
 Pull the bair 
 Hew 
 
 Hide a thing 
 Hinder 
 Hit a mark 
 Hifs 
 
 Holdfaft 
 Halloo 
 
 Keep at htmt 
 Inform 
 Interrogate 
 Invert 
 
 Jump, or leap 
 Kick 
 Kindle 
 Kifs 
 Knout 
 
 Labour (work) 
 Laugh 
 Leave 
 
 lift a thing up 
 Lte down, or reft one'sfelf. 
 Ught, or kindle afire 
 Loll, or be lazy 
 Loll out the tongue 
 Look for a thing loft 
 Love 
 
 Make the bed 
 Meafure a thing 
 Meet one 
 
 Melt or dijfolvea thing 
 Mift a mark 
 Mix things together 
 Mince, orcutfmall 
 Mock 
 
 Open (the mouth) ' 
 
 Mutter trftammer 
 tfod ;; 
 
 Open ; 
 
 Overcome 
 Overturn 
 
 Pant, or breathe quickly 
 To Paddle a canois head /«, 
 the right 
 Ditto ditto to the left 
 Peel the ft in of a nut 
 Pick, or choojt 
 Pinch 
 Pluck up 
 
 Ditto hairs from the beard 
 Plunge a thing in the water 
 Pour out 
 
 Preft, erfqueext 
 Puke 
 Purfue and overtake ttferf 
 
 Pufb witb the band 
 
 ViRBI. 
 
 Orno 
 Epy 
 
 Ebouie te tya 
 
 Moomoomoo 
 
 Enoho 
 
 Atoo 
 
 Ewhaoowhaoo 
 
 Eoome, Eboc, 
 
 Horoee 
 
 Ewhano 
 
 Ooaoo 
 
 Eraraoo 
 
 Oo, Paemcc 
 
 Ehopoe 
 
 Etooe 
 
 Eooawai 
 
 Evaroo, Whanne, 
 
 Atete 
 
 Atomo 
 
 Anoho 
 
 Teepy 
 
 Moe 
 
 Moeroa 
 
 Tooroore, moe 
 
 Aheoi 
 
 Ehairoo 
 
 Eparooparoo 
 
 Paraou 
 
 Emare 
 
 Tootooa 
 
 Hohora 
 
 Nenee-e 
 
 Horomee 
 
 Tatahy 
 
 Atearenona 
 
 Wahee, te dirre 
 
 Woreedo 
 
 Fou, fou 
 
 Peero, peero 
 
 Teetoeo 
 
 Atoo 
 
 Otcote 
 
 Aboone 
 
 Horome 
 
 Ewhaapoo te maa 
 
 Evcvette 
 
 Etooyaoo 
 
 Hahy, whatte 
 
 Ewhaee te boa 
 
 Taora 
 
 Evaratowha 
 
 Amahooa 
 
 Harrewai 
 
 Myneena 
 
 Ty 
 
 Tatahc, TaUhy 
 
 Ooatitte, Eta 
 
 Hoodcepcepe 
 
 Ooahoe 
 
 Tawecree 
 
 Eete 
 
 Taturra 
 
 Erooy 
 
 Arra, arra. Era 
 
 Avouoia 
 
 Hooapeepe 
 
 Mare 
 
 Etcae 
 
 Ha noa, a, taee 
 
 Evoec . 
 
 Mapoo 
 
 Ohcinoo 
 
 Eamou.amoo 
 
 Horoee 
 
 Hamatmna 
 
 Put a thing awa^ 
 Recline upon 
 Reef a fail 
 Rend 
 R^de 
 Rife up 
 Rive 
 
 Row witb oart 
 Rub a thing 
 Sail 
 
 Scrape a thing 
 Scratch 
 
 Search for a thine hft 
 Send * 
 
 Sew, orftrlag 
 Shake a thing 
 whanne Shave 
 Shiver 
 Sink 
 Sit down 
 Ditto crofs legged 
 Sleep ^ 
 
 Ditto (the long fteept m 
 
 death) 
 Ditto (when fitting 
 Smell 
 Snatch 
 Soften 
 Speak 
 SpiU 
 Stit 
 
 Spread out 
 Squeeze hard 
 Dittogently 
 Stamf, or trample at 4 
 
 thing 
 Stand up 
 Startle 
 Steel 
 To Stink, orfmellUl 
 Ditto (as excrement) 
 Stool (to go to) 
 Stop 
 
 Suck (like a child) 
 Surround 
 Swallow 
 
 Take care tf the vi3uals 
 Ditto off, or mdoofe 
 Ditto a friend by the band_ 
 Tear a thing 
 Tend hogs 
 
 Throw, or heave a thing 
 Ditto (a lance) 
 Ditto (a half) 
 Threw a thing away 
 Tickle 
 Tieaknet 
 Trample upon 
 
 Tremble, or fhake witb told 
 Turn abuU 
 Tun 
 
 Twiftarope 
 Under/land 
 Undreft 
 Fomit 
 
 tVake (awake) 
 : IValkout 
 
 IValk backwards and fitm 
 
 wards 
 Wajb 
 Watch 
 Weep, or cry 
 Wbet.orfbarpen 
 Wbiftle 
 Wbiffer, or backbite 
 
 Wipe (clean a tbing) 
 Tenon 
 
 PARTICLIlt 
 
COOK'S SECOND VOYAOB— for ttukiagDfjtweri^f ih th^ StuihSidi U Round die tyorltii a 1 1 
 
 Particlii. 
 Awai, Awai to Peeree-ai 
 Ncea.Tienncea 
 Anuoo 
 Ouhoi 
 Tcnoft 
 
 rcrapoo 
 
 Teidim, Teedinro 
 Onto 
 
 Aootui 
 
 Awaroo 
 
 Eha 
 
 No, reira. No, reidt 
 
 NbiWahcMX) 
 
 No, moo* 
 
 Faeete 
 
 Tohyto 
 
 Bobo, A. Bobd 
 
 Abobo doom 
 
 Voce, poee, addoo 
 
 Aoone tc Po 
 
 Aeev« 
 
 Ayma. Yaiha. Aoure. Ace. 
 
 Yehacea 
 Atahal 
 Teharra 
 Teiweho 
 Epaha 
 A Heetoo 
 AHonoo 
 Allaheueeai 
 
 Ahooroo 
 
 Teraee 
 
 Toroo 
 
 ERooa 
 
 Oraro 
 
 Poupouee 
 
 Teero to 
 
 Ay, ai 
 
 Ninnahay 
 
 Eitpo 
 
 Admiraim (<m inltrjtftm) 
 
 Akve 
 
 M 
 
 Alone 
 
 B^fvre (in tpp^tim to be- 
 hind) 
 
 Between 
 
 Below (in opp^tion to akve) 
 
 Ditto (Hnderneath, or far be- 
 low) 
 
 Dai, to datt 
 
 Eight 
 
 four 
 
 From {there) 
 
 Ditto (without) ] 
 
 Ditto hejore) 
 
 Half 
 
 Immediately 
 
 Morrow (to) 
 
 Ditto (the day after to) 
 
 Ditto (theftcond day qfler to) 
 
 Night (Jo day at night, er to 
 night) 
 
 NiJ 
 
 No 
 
 One 
 
 Over (more than the quantity) 
 
 Out 
 
 Perhaps 
 
 Seven 
 
 Six 
 
 Sarprize or admiration (an in- 
 
 terjtition) 
 ten 
 There 
 Three 
 Two 
 Under 
 Under/ail 
 fVitbin 
 res 
 
 Tejlerday 
 Teflemight 
 
 PHRASES AND SENTENCES. 
 
 Tarappe, 
 To hechm a perjbn with the hand, 
 Taau horoaoee, 
 Tm are a genermu man. 
 Heamanee, 
 Bay~~afamiliarwty of /peaking, 
 Ateera, 
 Have done. It it enough. Or there is no more. 
 Farcewai, 
 To hide the face, as when qfbamed. 
 Ehoa, 
 ' Friend'.'(awtfofaddr^gaJ!ras^er.) 
 Eapatte, 
 A/alutation to a particular friend. 
 Atoooianoo, 
 Hammer it out. 
 Mamoo. 
 Hold your toimie, he/ilent or quiet, 
 Tchanooe, 
 Hm do you do, tr how is it withyouf 
 Vaiheeo, 
 Keep it to ymfe\f. 
 
 \ 
 
 Ahooa, 
 
 My legs athe, tr are tiredi 
 
 coma te tareea. 
 
 To prick up the ears, 
 
 Harrencina, 
 To walk quicklyi 
 
 Enara, 
 Shew it met 
 H^imt. 
 Sniell itt 
 NeOtte ootoo te parou nd nbna« 
 Ife fpeala not from bis heart, his words are only oh his Hpt* 
 Atecarenona, 
 Stand up. 
 Areea, Areeana, 
 Stayi or wait a littla 
 
 TaUreaai ;l 
 
 Shall! throw it. 
 I\>poeunoo, 
 il little time, a fmallfpacei' 
 
 Tatnoo, 
 - A long time, a great while* 
 
 Areeana, j| 
 
 lyait.ftay a little. 
 WounI, wocara, 
 fyell recovered, or wellefcapedt 
 Poorotoo, 
 It is Well, charming finei 
 Ehara, Eharya, Ycnaeea, 
 IVbat's tbatf (inqui/itively) 
 Owy te aceoa, 
 H'Ttat do you call that .' What is the name of itt 
 Wheca, 
 IVbcnf at what timet 
 "tehca^ 
 Where is it t \ 
 
 Owy, tanna, Owy nana. 
 Who is that t what is be called t 
 Aceoo, 
 Will I not do it f (expreffed angrily) 
 Terra, tanne, 
 She is a tnarried woman, fbe has got another bufband. 
 
 Explanation of the foregoing and following TAaLBS» 
 fo far as rcfpeds the pronunciation of the worda. 
 
 V^hatever rules n«y be laid down for pronouncing 
 a living language, they caii be of little fervice to a pcr- 
 fon defirous of fpealqng the fame with purity : that 
 pronunciation being bed, ifjiotonlyi attained, by living 
 m the country, and a friendly communication witn 
 the natives. However, for the better underrtanding 
 the language in thefe tobies, we (hall make a few ob- 
 fervatiofis on the powers of the vowels, viz. 
 
 A. is founded the fame as A long in the Englifli 
 tongue, as in the word angel i e has three powers, and 
 has the fame fimple founds as in the words eloquence, 
 bred, then. ' 
 
 /. in the middle of words, founds like that vowel in 
 the word indolence. Sometimes it is reprefented by j. 
 And fometixnes by the proper diphthong ee. 
 
 O. is oftefi expreffed by ♦«», and founds the fame as in 
 vMMiomgpod. 
 
 U. is generally expreflcd by eu, and has a long and 
 fhort found, as in the words unity, umlrage. 
 
 T. in the middle or end of words, founds like /, as 
 by, «y. But before a vowel or at the beginning of a 
 word, it is a confonant, as in the Engl^ words yes, 
 yell. •' 
 
 The diphthongs ee and oo are proper, and make but 
 one fimple found. 
 
 pi 
 
 .h& 
 
 n 
 
 S 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 If 
 
 &il 
 
 . \\ 
 
 i 
 
 TABLE 
 
ait 
 
 Ctpt. COOK'i VOYAGES C O M P L E T E. 
 
 . ULliitf 
 
 ■»"■•"*■ 
 
 I 
 
 uiat 
 
 '■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 CQ 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 «9 
 
 a 
 
 CO w 
 
 
 
 iu 
 
 »3 
 
 f 
 
 Ml 
 
 ^2 
 
 1 1 si 8^ il^^l 
 
 il 
 
 i 
 
 S z IzSj 
 
 r 
 
 •^,i\A\ r 
 
 N 
 
 E. 
 
 I II I lllll llllalll 
 
 < & 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 
 •fi s 
 
 li; 
 
 i.\iis% 
 
 §3 
 
 (2 \t&^>^( 
 
 < 2 w ^ o < 
 
 S 
 
 w 
 
 ^ |;§l£"lsllll'(5lll 
 
 ll g. 
 
 Illls 
 
 iai 
 
 HWH<;z; 
 
 1 lit' 
 
 Eiia 
 
 Liili? 
 
 S o » 
 
 .<<<<<<<<< 
 
 8 
 
 r( 8 O <J C O B 30 
 
 
 1 
 
 ll!hlllillliislllJJi4 
 
 •t! K 
 
 I Ijjli^ls^lllllt: 
 
 
 Hoi 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 i §8 
 
 <wH<w<<'<'«; 
 
 &o 
 
 ■a«§«^^-55is^5^5? Illlll^ic^ilj? 
 
 LuT 
 
COOK'S SECON D VOYAGE— for making I>ije9vtriet in the Som$i Seask. Round »!u IVorM. % 1 3 
 
 LiiT of the Bark ENDEAVOUR'i OrriciRi and Paukmuim in Capt. CpoK'a FtatT Vovavi round the World. 
 
 OrrictRi, &c> 
 
 Namis. 
 
 CoMMANDiR, Capt. Jamrs Cock, 
 
 3d. Lteutrnant Zacharifb tVicks, 
 * 3d. LitulftMHt Jtbn Corr, 
 MAtTiR, R*^trl Molintmi, 
 
 BoATtWAiN, JnbnGalberay, 
 
 Cakpentih, tyiUiam SatUrif, 
 
 Cook, ydm tbomfon, 
 
 GuNNiR, Stephen Forwood, 
 
 Surgeon, tVtlliitm Brougham MoHkbotf/e^ 
 
 MAtTiR'iMATt, Charlei Clerkf, 
 
 Ditto, 
 Ditto, 
 
 MlUIHIPMAN, 
 
 Ditto, 
 Ditto, 
 Ditto, 
 Ditto, 
 Ditto, 
 
 Richard Puker/gill, 
 
 Alexandrr IVeir, 
 John lyilliam Bootif, 
 Jonathan M<mkhotf/e, 
 Patrick Saundtrt, 
 
 7btir fuh/tifttnl Foriuiui, ir uhat if came tfthtm. 
 
 Killed on hit third voyage, tlicn a Po(t .captain. ' 
 
 Died homeward bound, aAcr leaving St. Helena. 
 ' Now a FolUcaptain inGrecnwich-hol'pitiJ. 
 Died homeward bouiK), after leaving the L'apc of Good 
 
 Hope. 
 Died of a mix flwrtljr after leaving Bataviat 
 Ditto. 
 Ditto. 
 
 Now or lately ounner of the Achillea of 64 gum. 
 Died alhore at Bauvia. 
 
 Died on the fourth voyaee, a tnaderand commander. 
 A lieutenant of the royalnavy, drowned by accident ilt 
 
 thcThamei. 
 Drowned outward bound at Madeira. 
 Died of a flux after leaving Batavia. 
 Drttoi 
 
 Left the fbip at BaUvia, and died there foon after. 
 yarns Maera, aliaa yamrt Maria Mattg, Since conful of the Caiiary Iflanda. 
 
 Francis Hulkin/on, 
 Ifaac Gtorit MtiMlty, 
 
 Uitto, Ijaae oemree M 
 
 SuRoiON'a Mati, iVilliam Perry, 
 
 CwTkw'tCitKK, Richard OrloH, 
 Siiip'i orPuRiER'a 
 Steward, H^illiam Daw/on, 
 
 Sl'.RJEANT of Ma> 
 
 RINES, John Edgeeumte, 
 
 PASSENGER S. 
 yo/epbBanlu,Effi 
 
 Dr. Daniel Solauder, 
 DRAUOIITaMEN of 
 Mr. Banks. Herman Diedrieb Sporeing, 
 
 Sydney ParUtffn, 
 
 — Buchan, 
 AiTRONOMIB, Charles Green, 
 
 Died at Deptford foon after hia return. 
 
 A lieutenam of the royal navy. 
 
 Navy fuiveon, loft on Scilly in the Nancy Packet from 
 
 A purfcr of the royal navy. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 » 
 Now a captain. 
 
 The prefcnt prefident of the Royal Society, now $if 
 
 Jofcph. 
 Died lately m Londoiu 
 
 A Sweede, died of a flux after leaving Bauvia. 
 A Qi{aker. dilto. 
 
 Diedaftera (hort ilintfaat Otaheite of fatigue. 
 Died of an inverted gout, after leaving Batavia. 
 
 • Capt. Gore ha» complcated four Voyaget round the World, befides rervijig long in th« former war on board the Windfin 
 
 &c. tK. 
 
 \L 
 
 List of the Sloop RESOLUTlONa OrrieERa and Mi«, in Capt. Cooit'a SicoUD Voyaoi rauftd the Woiiu». 
 
 ■i 1 
 
 Tub RESOLUTION. 
 
 Opficbrs, &c. 
 
 captain. 
 Lieutenants, 
 
 Mafter, 
 
 Boatfwain, 
 
 Carpenter, 
 
 Gunner, 
 
 Surgeon, 
 
 Matters Mates 
 
 Midfliipmen 
 
 Surgeon's Mates 
 
 Captain's Gerk 
 
 AlTiftant, 
 
 Mafter at arms 
 
 Names. 
 James Cook. 
 Richard Pickerfgill. 
 Robert P. Cooper. 
 Charles Clerke. 
 Jofeph Gilbert. 
 James Gray. 
 James Wallis. 
 Robert Anderfpn. 
 James Patcen. 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 Hogg. 
 
 Cbrporal 
 Armourer 
 Mate 
 
 SaiUimker 
 Mate 
 
 BoatfWain's Mates 
 Carpenter's Mates 
 Gtinner't Mates 
 Cartmtter'sCrew 
 Coek 
 Mate 
 
 .Quarter Mafters 
 Able Seamen ,, 
 
 Lieutenant of Marines. John Edgcumbe.' 
 Serjeant i 
 
 Corponia % 
 
 Dnmuner i 
 
 Pirivatet 15 
 
 t 
 I 
 t 
 I 
 I 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 I 
 I 
 6 
 45 
 
 W. 
 
 ..:ri 
 
 M 
 
 !!'! 
 
 No. 25. 
 
 JH 
 
 Lt«T 
 
314 
 
 Cip«. COOK* VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I- 
 
 il 
 
 11' 
 
 LiiT ofchc AuviN ruKt'iOrrii-kiii and M«n in Capt. Cook's SkonuVoyaue round the WuRLit, 
 
 Tm« ADVENTURE 
 
 OrricKRs, ice. 
 
 N;«MIIS. 
 
 Captain, 
 
 Tobias Funieaux. 
 
 Lieutenants, 
 
 Arthur Keinpc. 
 luCcph Shank. 
 Peter Fannin. 
 
 Maftcr. 
 
 Doaifwain, 
 
 luiward Johns. 
 
 Carpenter, 
 
 WilUaniOHbrd. 
 
 Ciunncr, 
 
 Andrew Gloag. 
 
 Siirffcnn, 
 Mttrter'n Mates 
 
 Thomas Andrews. 
 
 8 
 
 Midfliipiiien 
 
 
 Surgeon's Mate 
 
 
 Ca)iuin's Clerk 
 
 
 Maftcr at Arms 
 
 
 Corporal 
 
 
 Armourer 
 
 Mate 
 
 Sail-maker 
 
 Mate 
 
 Boatfwain's Mutes 
 
 Carpenter'* Mates 
 
 Gunner's Mate 
 
 Carpenter's Crew 
 
 Cook 
 
 Mate 
 
 tjuarter Maftcrs 
 
 Able Seamen 
 
 Licuteoaat of Marines, 
 
 Serjeant 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Drummer 
 
 Privates 
 
 4 
 
 JanKs Scott. 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 ,• Having prepared a nmpletf narrative (from dupli- 
 Ciiifs of the triiiihil journals cX fntrid offictrs, who 
 failed in the Refolulm when (he was dcOined to 
 explore the Pacijic Otean) of Capl. Cook's Third 
 VoY;«or, theft/z/or^of thisfow/*/*-/^ COL1.ECTICW 
 of VoYAUEs ROL'Nt) TiiK WoKLD, thought it their 
 duty to lomfitiiY it with all the dijferttit acctunis hi- 
 therto publifliedof that fflfiral, J voy.ij^r, merely to 
 corrcd any circumftancc which might have been 
 placed in various points of view by the fcvcral 
 writers. The <///m-»/ relalims of this Voyage as 
 already given to the public by Evohs, Nnckry, 
 Moorf, Ellis, Joiifs, himr, &c. &c. together with 
 llvfv publiJM in all the Maftts.mes and News- 
 papers, as well as thofc faid to be pi^lijhtd ky and 
 dfdualed to the Lords of the Admirally, have been 
 carefully confultcd, and have not only been found 
 to contradifl each other very materially, but alfo to 
 vary in fome imporlatit points from tne maimferipls 
 and materials which have furniflied mr tarn account. — 
 We think it necdiary therefore to bcftow fime time, 
 and eotf/ideralle pains, to luvf/ligaie the inconfiftencies 
 here alluded to, in order that we may be enabled to 
 prefcnt too«ir very numerous fuhfcrihers (in the conrfe 
 of this uork) what we pledged ourfcives to do in 
 our Propofals, viz. to give a nctv, authentic, full, 
 and complete Account oi Cook's last Voyage to the 
 Pacific Ofctm, and which wjU cpfiuin ail.t\^/a^fj* 
 
 "'iftiideiit.-f and ci'rcumjlaiicf si' relucd ia % /atisjalfory 
 
 manner. In the mean time, nothing (hall be want- 
 ing to render this work ahj'olutrly the 1>,-Jl extent j all 
 the large fplcndid copper-plates, map, charts, flee, will 
 be delivered as they are received (roiii the feveral «•«- 
 gravers, yt,\\\{:\\ will be diredled to be placed right iii 
 the laft Number: an J t\\c strand general Chart oi t)M 
 World will certainly be given in our next numter, 
 which will (hew Capl. (j>ok's ditferent routs in his three 
 /u,cct:lJive ■i-oyages, and all his diffcveries in one point 
 of view. In the week after next will be delivered 
 to the Subfcribers a lar^e folio print, finely engraved, 
 rcprefentingthci/crt/ifrol tapt. Cook. Wc (hall now 
 proceed to give a ne^v ami accurate Account of Com- 
 modore Byron's Voyaoi round the IVorld, as it waa 
 the firjl undertaken and performed during the r>rii- 
 /ent reign j after which wc intend to record tnofe 
 of Wallis, Carteret, &c. and the public may 
 depend, that the only rcafon wc have not given 
 Cook's Third Voyage in this part of our Col- 
 lection, is, that we may be able to give a morefull 
 AnA/atisfanory account of this celebrated voyage, than 
 has ever beentublijbed by any pcrfon or perrans what- 
 ever ; and after having perrorroed our arduous talk, 
 we doubt not, but our Subfcribers, and the Public, 
 will readily acknowledge, that -by our care and cir- 
 cuinfpe£tion, we (hall nave detected numerous fal- 
 fities which have been foifted on the public, and 
 rcpj cfcntcd SaiiL-aiA. artuiijlattees aa they reallf 
 happened. 
 
 A NEW 
 
/ ' 
 
 NEW, AOTHESTIC, and COMPLETE ACpOUMT and NARRATIVE, of 
 
 A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, 
 
 UNDERTAKEN lind PERFORMED !! 
 
 By the Hon. Commodore (now Admiral) BYRON, 
 
 In hifi Majeily's Ship the DOLPHIN, accompanied by 
 Capt. M O U A T in the Tamar Sloop. 
 
 UNDERTAKEN PRINCIPALLY 
 
 For making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, between the Cape of Good Hope, 
 
 and the Magellanic Straits } 
 
 And Conttining, among a Variety of other intcrcfting Particularj, 
 
 A genuine Account of the Straitt of Magellan, and of the gigantic race of People called Patagonians t 
 alfo a Survey of reverallflandidifcoveredin the Southern Hemifpherc i together with a minute, cir- 
 cumftantial, and full Defcription of the fevcral Places, People, Anirnnh, Vegetablei, and Natural 
 Curiofitiet, difcoveitd and feon in the Courfe of this remarkaule Voyage ; which was begun on the 
 3d of July 1764, and compleatcd the Qthof May, 1766) containing a Period of little more than 
 Twenty-two Months, and included in the Ye«r 1764, 1765, and 1766. 
 
 ■«»# 
 
 Extraordinary ftfparat'mt m^it, mJ ffecautioiu ujed, 
 
 H, Aj 
 
 p. I. 
 
 
 s vtyag* — Namft nfwe hv»fl>ips, rnimier of nun, (Jc.-^Cir- 
 
 tumftoHcts previ9u$ !• IwJitHg Ibt brmdpemi.ini, and eurjriliiif; /a$l — Tb* Delpbin talus in btreuns at Long Rtjib, and 
 is ibtrejomrd by the Tamrjrigalt — TbeyfailfYom tbt Dmous, and arrive at I'lynmth — Anchor in th foumi-^PaJfage 
 fnm Plymouth h Madeira — Ob/trvalions oh this iJland—Htm Jrom bence to St. Jiigo one of the Cape de Frrd Ijkiids, end 
 Mchor in Port Praya—Ob/ervatiolis m the ijland and port — They make the (oaji of Brazil, and enter the harbour of Hit 
 ie Janeifo-~Qhftrv*ti(ms — Departure from this port, ioiad, as we thought, to the Eajl Indies — Ordtrs made limnun, 
 which were to go tit difcoveriet to the South Hea — -Tif UmphtH and Tamur make Cape Blanco, Penguin /Jle, and the bar- 
 tour of Port Delire— The Dolphin in danger ^ being lojt at tbii laft place — Ohfcrvatiout on the harbour and adjacent 
 tountiy-^Uipiirlure from Port Dejire in fiarcb of Pepy's fjknd-^ Anchor on the coafi of Patagonia, ten lei'.gues ivilbin the 
 mouth of the Straits of Magellan— An account of the extratrdinay jlature of fome inhabitant sfeen there— 'Proceed up the 
 Straits of Magellan to Port Famine — An account of the harbour, coajl, and inhabitants-^- A dtfription of the country^ 
 particularly the woods; and the beautiful Sedgtr—Famourabte andpletf/ing tircumjlances during ourjlay here. 
 
 A D nfi T T I S prefent Majcfty, very early in life 
 A.u. 17 4. £-^ formed a plan ef diHinguifhing hi* 
 reign, by patronizing the profccution of New Difcove. 
 rics in the unknown regions of the Southern Hemir' 
 phere ; and we have been told, that he declared his in- 
 tention, foon after he came to thccrown, of appropria- 
 ting a great part of his revenue for that particular pur- 
 pole. In 1764, orders were given for carryifig this 
 laudable deiign into execution t in confequcftcc of 
 which, on the i8ih of April, preparations were made 
 to fit out the Dolphin (nip of war, and the Tanur 
 frigate, for a fuppsied voyage to the Eaft Indies. The 
 Dolphin was a tixth rate, niountining 14 guns, and had 
 three lieutenants, 37 petty officers, and i^ofcwnenon 
 board ; the Tainar mounted 16 guns, having on board 
 three lieutenants, a 2 petty officers, and 90 teamen. 
 The honourable Commodore (now Admiral) Byron 
 was appointed commander in chief, in the Dolphin, 
 and the command under him, of the frigate, was given 
 to Cant. Mouat. Both of thcfe veffels were fitted out 
 lor the purpofe of making difcoveries of countries 
 hitherto unknown, within the high fouthcrn latitudes. 
 
 convenient for navigation, and in climates adapted to 
 the produ«^ion of commodities ufcful in commerce, 
 particularly in the Atlantic Ocean, between the Cape 
 of Good Hope, pnd the Straits of Magellan. The 
 indrudions from the Admiralty-board to the commo- 
 dore, likewifc direded him to make an accurate furvcy 
 of Pepy's Ifland, and thpfe w hich had been named by 
 Sir John Narborough, Paulkland's Itlands, in honour 
 of lord Faulkland ; which, though firll difcovcrcd, and 
 fince vifited by Britifh navigators, had never iKcn fuf. 
 ficiontly examined, fo as that an accurate judgement 
 might be formed of their coads, natives, and produc- 
 tions. Greatcarc wastakcn and extraordinary precau- 
 tions ufed in preparing for this voyage. The bottom 
 of the Dolphin was flieat!\. v .h copper; as were like- 
 wife the braces and pintles for the ufc of the rudder, 
 which was the firft experiment of the kind, that had 
 ever been made on any veflel. On the 14th of S*-\y, 
 being ready tor fea, flic left the dock, when we received' 
 a number of men from the old hulks, which had been 
 for fomc time ufed to receive on board materials for 
 the ufc of the lliip. The next day we got in our maft^ 
 
 m 
 
 l'M,i 
 
 K- 
 
 'Mi 
 
 i!^ 
 
ii6 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the W O R L D C o m p l e t~e. 
 
 H 1 
 
 i, » 
 
 j(;i 
 
 il 
 
 and Mt^ith all expedition poflibtc, began to put up the 
 rigging ; the greatell part of the hands being now, 
 from the time of her leaving the dock, principally 
 employed In receiving the ftores, and in (hipping the 
 abiell feamcn, tiU the pth of June, whpn <w« flint oiiri 
 mooring, and failed lor Long Reach, wheri we re<:lelvrd 
 our guns, and were joined by our intended confort, 
 the Taniat frigate. ' r 
 
 On thc-i4Jn^ wc rqceivfd pn board a pjlot fdf th«i 
 IXjwns, and at fix o'clock, A. M. weighed anchor with 
 little wind, and with our boats a-heaa: our draught of 
 water forward being then 1 5 feet lix inches, aiid abaft 
 14 feet fix inches. At fcven o'clock the Dolphin ftrik- 
 ing the ly>ttom, fwung round 1 howevert the ground 
 being very muddy, it kion gave way, and thla accident 
 Was attended with no other confequence, than her lying 
 in the mud about two hours. This .ciicumftance »t 
 our firlt fettipg out, which oCcafioncd only a fmlll 
 delay, inftcad of checking the '.rdour of our men, ferved 
 only to infpirc them with hopes of meeting with fewer 
 croifes in the profccution of tneir voyage. On the 1 6th 
 we anchored in the Downs, and moored the (hip. , Dur- 
 ing our continuance here, we fent the pilot on fliore, 
 and received from Deal a large twelve-oared barge for 
 the fcrvice of our fliip, with a quantity of frefli beef and 
 greens. This day the Tamar pafled us for Plymouth, 
 and on the day following we received the honourable 
 Capt. Byron on board. 
 
 I'hurfday the 21(1, we weighed and failed from the 
 Downs ; and in the night had a violent fquall of wind, 
 which, at that featon of the year, might be reck ned 
 rather uncommon. On the 33nd, at eieht o'clock, 
 A. M. we anchored in Plymouth Sound, and faluted the 
 a^lmiral with 13 guns; and at nine, having received a 
 pilot on board, failed into Hamouze, and lafhed along- 
 lide the Sheer Hulk. As the Dolphin had ukcn the 
 ground, the men on board were, according to orders, 
 employed in getting out the guns and booms fof dock- 
 ing; it being thought advifeablf to examine iffliehad 
 futUined any damage, when it appeared, that the (hip 
 had happily not received any hurt. On the 38th (he 
 came out of dock, and having replaced her guns and 
 ilorcs, we failed into the found, where we moored, and 
 found the Tamar lying between the ifland and the 
 main, having unhung ner rudder, to repair fome fmall 
 damage (he had fuitained. While we remained at 
 Plymouth, our men received two months pay advance, 
 in order to enable them to purchafe nccefTaries; a pri- 
 vilege granted to all his Majeity's (hips bound to diltant 
 ports ; at which time the inhabitants on (bore have the 
 liberty of coining on board to fell them ihirts, jackets, 
 and trowzers, which arc termed flops. After a flay of 
 four days, the honourable John Byron, ourCommodore, 
 hoi (led his broad-pendant, he bding, as was reported, 
 appointed commander in chief of all his Majefly's (hips 
 in the Eafl Indies. Immediately upon this a fignal 
 vas ma'.'.e tor (atling, by firing a gun, and loofingour 
 .top tails, which being fet, and another gun fired, we 
 took our dcpartuse from Plymouth on the 3d of July, 
 having his Majefly's frigate the Tamar in com- 
 panv. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the 4th df July, we (haped our courfe, 
 with a tine breeze, for the ifland of Madeira, during 
 w hich run, we had the vexation of obferving, that our 
 contort was a very heavy failer. On Thurfday the 
 1 2th, in the evening, we defcried the rocks near Ma- 
 deira called the Defcrts, from their defolate appea- 
 rance ; and on the 13th we came to an anchor in Fun- 
 chiale Bay ; fo named from the great abundance of a 
 beaut ilul kind of fennel that grows on the fliore. 
 It is on the fouth part of the ifland. and at the bottom 
 is the city of the fame name, feated on a fmall plain, 
 from which three rivers run into the fea, forming an 
 ifland called Loo Rock, it being entirely barren. Upon 
 this is plnced a caftlc, and the town is alfo defended by 
 1 high wall, and a battery of cannon. This ifland 
 is compofed of one continued hill of a confiderabic 
 height, extending from eaft to weft ; the declivity of 
 which on the fouth-fide is intcrfperfed with vineyards; 
 and in the midfl of this flopc are the countrj-fcats of 
 4' 
 
 the 
 
 the mei-chants, which add greatly to the beauty of the 
 profpciih The air is lb temperate, that the inliabitants 
 feel littlo inconvenience from heat and cold, there be- 
 ing here » perpetual fpring, which proJuces bloflbitis 
 and fruit throughout the year. Thcfu^l.ig lp.feuiic, 
 that It producers rrtors com than any of the ai^acMit 
 iflands of double the extent. The grafs flioots up li> 
 high, that they are sbliged to butn it ; asd w hen they 
 
 Iplant fugar canct inthca.lMs, in flix months time dwy 
 win produce a cori(!derablC quantity' of hi[v.ir. ^m 
 ifland abounds with fine cedar-trees, and ainiofl ail kinds 
 ofrich fruits, ptirticulnrfy gn}ies as large as our com- 
 mon plumbs ; but all the hne fruits are loo lulcious to 
 be eaten in any great quantities. The "ativfs arc (aid 
 to make the beft fwcct-meats in the world: theyc;*! 
 eel too in preferving oranccs. as alfo in I'nakinK i"^!*- 
 malades and pqrfymed paltes. The fugar made here 
 it nor on)y rcnuirkabiy tine, but b^s t|ie finell of 
 violets ; and the wine of this ifland will keep better 
 in long voyages and in hot countries, than that of any 
 other place in the known world, on which account 
 great quantities of it are bought up for the ufc of fliips, 
 and exported to the \Vcft Indies. Their convents have 
 a venerable appearance, from their age and flrudur«(. 
 Some of the iiiins belonging to them arc handfotiSe, 
 and, at particular hours, have the liberty of converflng 
 with flrangers. through a double barred grate. Their 
 chiet employment conflfls in making curious flowers of 
 all (brts, little baflcets. and other trinkets, in needle- 
 work, which they fell to their vifitors, and the money 
 is appropriated to the ufe of the convents. Notwith- 
 flancling the cxtraordiiury fertility of the ifland, pro- 
 viiionsofail kinds are very dear, the , iphabitantii Jiv- 
 ing chiefly on fruit and roots. There are foinc hogs 
 and fowls; but they cannot be procured without great 
 difficulty, except by way of exchange for old cloaths, 
 which in whatever condition, or of whatever kind, arc 
 e^rly fought after by the poor among the natives. 
 While we continued here, we were fupplied with frefli 
 beef, very indiflerent of the kind, as their bullocks. 
 [ either from want of fweet pathire, or from nature, arc 
 both lean, and under the common flzc. On our arrival 
 in the road of Ftinchiale, wc found the Ferrit and 
 Crown floop lying at anchor, who faluted our Gmi- 
 modore on his hoifling the broad-pendant, the fort alio 
 returned our falute with eleven guns; and on the 14th, 
 Commodore Byron waited on the governor, by whom 
 he was received with great politenefs ; and on the day 
 following the governor returned his viflt at the houle 
 of the conful. Having taken in our water, wine, and 
 other refrefliments for the ufe of both the ftiips com- 
 panics, on the 1 9th we began to prepare for proceeding 
 on our voyage. 
 
 On Friday the 20th, we took leave of the governor 
 by firing eleven guns, which compliment he returned 
 from the ciudeT; and at three o'clock, A. M. wc 
 weigheit anchor and (ct fail, in company with his Ma- 
 jefly's (hips the Crown, Ferrit, and Tamar. It is ob- 
 fervable, that in leaving this ifland flilps are in a man- 
 ner becalmed, till they get four or live leagues to the 
 leeward, where they are (lire to And a britk trading 
 wind. The next day we made the ifland of Palma, 
 one of the Canaries. ' Wfc now parted company with 
 the Crown and Ferrit, and on the 22d f|K>ke with his 
 majefly's (hip Liverpool from the Eaft Indies, by whom 
 we fent letters to England. This day we examined our 
 watcr-catks, and concluded, we were under a necelTity 
 to touch at one of the Cape dc Verd iflands ibr a 
 frelh fupply. On the 26th, our water being foul and 
 ftinking, we were obliged to have recourle to a kind 
 of ventuator, which forced the air through the water in 
 a continued ftream, whereby it was purified. On the 
 27th in the morning, we made the ifle of Sal, one of 
 the Cape de Verds, when obferving fcveral turtles on 
 the furface of the fea, we hoifled out our boat, in order 
 to ftrikc fome of them, but they a|l dilappearcd fa«tbre 
 our people were within reach of them, indeed we had 
 little chance of catching any forts of fl(h, for none of 
 the finny tribe would come near the (hip, becaufc (he 
 was (heathed with copper. 
 
 On 
 
^UMMMUMW 
 
 Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Soui hern OcEA^;,&C. 417 
 
 On Monday the 30th, at two o'clock P. M. wc faw 
 the idand of St, Jagoj and at three came to an an- 
 chor, about a mile from the ftiore, in the bajr called 
 Port Praya, in nine fathoms water, having faluted a 
 fmall fortification bclongine to the Portuguefe, who re- 
 turned the compliment. At this time it was near the 
 lainy feafon, which, when fet in, renders this harbour 
 very unfafe j for a rolling fwcll from the fouthward 
 makes a frightful furf on the ftiorc. and every hour a 
 tornado may be expefted, which at times is very fu- 
 rious, and may produce fatal confequences to Ihip- 
 ping ; on which account no vcffcl comes here after the 
 I cth of Aiiguft, till the rainy feafon is over, which is 
 in the month of November. St. Jago is the largelt and 
 <moft fruitful of all the Cape de Vcrd idands ; and not- 
 ■withftanding its being rocky and mountainous, the val- 
 ley* not only produce Indian corn, but fruits of various 
 kinds, and plenty of cotton. The ifland has four 
 towns, befidcs Ribcira Grande, the capital, in which 
 refides the governor, Oviodone, and biJhop. Moft of 
 the pricfts are negroes, as indeed arc far the greateft 
 part of' the inhabitants, there being only about three 
 whites to forty blacks, who have fcarce cloaths fuf- 
 ficient to cover their nakcdnefs. There arc but few 
 foldiers, and thofc, tt> outward appearance, are moft 
 indigent wretxhes. A (hip no fooner arrives, than the 
 natives flock from all parts of the ifland with different 
 kinds of pttivilions : and thefe they exchange for old 
 clothes, particularly black, on which they fct the 
 higheft Value, and for a mere trifle of that kind, you 
 may be provided with a futTicient quantity of turkeys, 
 
 gcefc, fruit, and other ncceflary articles of fca-ftock. 
 ut, however wretched thefe people may appear at 
 the firft view, they live in the greateft plenty, and 
 from the fertility of the foil, enjoy not only the nccef- 
 faries, but what, in other places would be efteemed the 
 luxuries of life. Having by this time got on board a 
 fii{^ly of water, frelh provifions, and fruit, wc un- 
 moored, fignal having been made for our depar-^ 
 ture. 
 
 On Thurfday, the and of Auguft, wc got under 
 foil, and put to fea, with the Tamarin company. Soon 
 »fter, the fcorching heat, and unccofing rain, aftcdlcd 
 the health of our crew, many of whom began to fall 
 down in fcvcrs, notwith(tanding the commodore took 
 the utmoft care to make the men, who were wet, fhift 
 themfclves, before they laid down to deep. On the 
 feth wc lod a good deal of way, by fliortening fail till 
 the Tamar came up, who had her topfail yard carried 
 away, tn thefe hot latitudes, (hips generally take fi(h 
 In plenty, but we were not able to catch one, the caufe 
 of which difappointmem, wc have already noticed. 
 
 On Thurfday, the 1 ith of September, we defcried 
 Cape Frio, on the coaft of Brazil, in the 23d degree 
 of fouth latitude, and the 42nd deg. 30 min. W. lon- 
 gitude from London. The next day, about noon, wc 
 entered the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, and anchored 
 in eighteen fathoms water, fort St. Acroufc bearing 
 S. E. half S. a remarkable peak, in the form of a fu- 
 
 i'ar-loaf, prefcnting itfelf to our view on the larboard 
 ide, at the fouth by eaft, and Snake's Idand, which is 
 the larged in the harbour, appearing clofe by the town 
 «t W. N. W. and the north end of 3ie town at W. half 
 N. On the 14th, we received a pilot on board, and 
 ran in between the idand and ntain, not a quarter of a 
 mile from the ihore, and at noon faluted the citadel 
 with eleven guns, which were immediately returned. 
 Our firft care was to get on board fredi providons for 
 the ftiips companies, which began to be m great want 
 of them, efpecially of greens, the fcurvy having al- 
 ready made its appearance among th? men on board. 
 On the 19th, our Commodore vifited the governor, 
 who received him in ftate putting the guard under 
 «rms : the nobility condui.:cd him to the viceroy's pa- 
 lace, while 1 5 guns were fkcd in honour of the Britift) 
 flag : his excellency afterwards returned the viflt, and 
 Was received by the Contmodorc on board the Dol- 
 phin, in a mnnner fuitable to his high rank. On this 
 occafton all hands manned the fliip, (landing on the 
 jrards with their arms extended juft to toucbeacn other i 
 No. 26. I 
 
 and a falutc was given with 15 guns, which was re-' 
 turned by an equal number from the citadel. On the 
 9th of Oiftober, Lord Clive, in the Kent Ihdiaman, 
 paid Commodore Byron a vifit, when he likewifc re- 
 ceived the fame compliment, both at his coming on 
 board, and his going away. The fame day a pilot 
 came on board to condudt us into the road, and at tix 
 o'clock P. M. we weighed, and fct our fails ; but 
 having little wind, we were obliged to come again to 
 an anchor, and wait till the next morning, during 
 which time wc had an opportunity of making a few 
 obfcrvations on the harbour, which fcemt capable of 
 receiving an hundred fail of diips in good anchorage, 
 with fumcient room for them to ride in fafcty. Tlie 
 town of Rio de Janeiro is commodiodlly fcated at the 
 back of Snake's idand, which being not al»vc five 
 hundred prds from it, commands, from the fortifica- 
 tions eredted on it, every thing that can poflibly conic 
 to annoy the town ; and there are fcvcmf other idands 
 at the entrance fortified with diiferent batteries. Thefe 
 fortifications appear fo forn>idable in the eyes of the 
 Portuguefe, that they are (o vain as to think, the whole 
 power of Europe would not be ftiflicient to deprive 
 them of their poflcflion i yet we may lafelyafTiim, that 
 fix '' •! of our men of war of the line would be able 
 tooLiuoy all their batteries in a few hours. 
 
 From the i jth of September to the 1 8th of Oiflobcr, 
 our men were employed in watering, .wooding, raulk- 
 ing, &c. We had fix Portuguefe caulkers to alTift our 
 carpenter, who were paid at the rate of fix Ihillings 
 fterling per diem, though it is certain, that one of our 
 EnglHh caulkers would do as much in one day, as they 
 could do in three; but though dow and inadive, they 
 perform their work very cornplctely. In this port the 
 air is refredied by a conftant fuccclTionof land and fea- 
 breezes ; the former comes in the morning, and con^ 
 tinues till towards one o'clock, and foon after is rrgu< 
 larly fuccecded by a ftrong fea-brceze. Thefe contri- 
 bute to render the port very healthy and plcafant, and 
 arc juftly efteemed fo falutary, that the negroes term the 
 fea-breezc the Dodlor. The foil of Brazil is generally 
 fertile, it producing a variety of lofty trees fit for any 
 ufe, many of them unknown in Europe ; and the 
 woods abound with rich fruits, among which arc a con- 
 fideraUc number that are neither known in Europe, nor 
 in any parts of America. Oranges and lemons grow 
 here in as great plenty, as nuts in our woods in Eng*- 
 land.- The fugar-cane fk>uri(hes here in the utmoft 
 perfedlion, ana great quantities of excellent fugar, in- 
 digo, and cotton, arc exported from hence into Eu- 
 rope. Great quantities of gold are alfo found by the 
 flaves, numbers of whom arc employed in fearching 
 for it in gullies of torrents, and at the bottom of rivers ; 
 and this country is alfb famous for its diamonds. With 
 refpeft to the animals of Brafil, all the horfes, cows, 
 dogs and cats arc faid to have been brought from Eu- 
 rope : among thofc natural to the country are a great 
 variety of monkeys, Peruvian fticep, deer and hares t 
 the racoon, the armadillo, the flying fquirrcl, the guano, 
 the opofTum, the ant-bear, and the doth. Among the 
 fowls are many parrots, parroquets, ma :aws, and other 
 birds remarkable for the beauty of their pluivagc ; with 
 a great variety of finging birds, and fevcral fpccies of 
 wild geefe, wild ducks, common .poultry, partridges, 
 wood-pigeons and curliews. However, the country of 
 Brazil is no lefs remarkable for the multitude, the va- 
 riety, and incredible fize of its fnakes, and other veno- 
 mous reptiles. In Rio de Janeiro the viceroy is in- 
 verted with the fame power over the natives, as the king 
 of Portugal enjoys over his fubjeds in Lifbon. The 
 inhabitants, who arc of a brown complexion, have a 
 great number of negro daves, which they purchafc in 
 the public markets, where they are chained two and 
 two together, and generally driven round the town to 
 be expofcd to view. The women here are very fwarthy, 
 and have difagrecabic features ; but thofc of a fuperioc 
 rank are feldom fcen, as they are never fuftered to go 
 out of doors but by night The Portuguefe arc natu- 
 rally of fo jealous a dif(K>(ition, that ftrangers, merely by 
 looking at their women incur tlieii rcfentmcnf, and are 
 3 1 ^n 
 
 
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2l8 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 in danger of fuflfering by that fpirit of revenge, which 
 univenally prevails in this country ; on which account 
 the women are obliged to be always on their guard. In • 
 deed, they here fcldom enter upon matrimony t but 
 when tired of each other, they fcparatc by mutual con- 
 fent, and then endeavour to find out another paramour 
 to fupply the place of the former. As foon as the 
 evening approaches, the POrtuguefe of this city go 
 their rounds, and enter upon fcenes of debauchery, 
 which we may venture to affirm are asfrccjuent and fla- 
 gitious a> thofe between the inhabitants ot Lifbon. Rio 
 de Janeiro is feated near the fide of a number of high 
 hills, from whence to the fouthward is a very lai^gc aquc- 
 duifl, which fupplies the whole town with water. This 
 aqucdud, which extends acrofs a deep valley, conlifts 
 of above fifty arches placed in two rows, one upon ano- 
 ther, and in ibmc parts rife upwards of a hundred yards 
 from the bottom of the valley. By this means the ua- 
 ter is conveyed into two fountains, from whence the 
 inhabitants fetch all they want. Thefc ftand oppolitc 
 the viceroys palace, which is a ftately (lone building, 
 and the only one in the whole city that has wmdows ; 
 the other houfes in the town having only lattices. At 
 the further end of the palace (lands the jail for crimi- 
 nals, which from its ftrudure, and the multiplicity of 
 its iron grates, is far from adding any beauty to the 
 palace, to which it joins. The churches and the con- 
 vf "^ts arc extremely magnificent, and calculated to ftrikc 
 the paflions of the people who rcfort to them. On the 
 altar pieces, and other parts of thofe ftrudlurcs, arc 
 many fine figures of our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, 
 the Apoftles, and other faints. In thefc churches a 
 great number of friars and monks of different orders 
 are conftantly employed to celebrate mafs to as many as 
 happen to alfemble ; the churches being always open, 
 and waxupcrs kept continually burning; whence, in 
 palling by thefe (lru<fhircs, all thofe of their pcrfualion 
 pay due reverence, by pulling off their hats, and 
 crofling thcmfdves, with every other token of refped. 
 In almoft every corner of the ftrcets are niches, in 
 fome of which arc placed crucifixes, and in others 
 fomc faint, dreffed in linen and (ilk, or other (luffs. 
 The cathedral and Jefuits college, which are the moft 
 magnificent buildings in the city, may be fccn from 
 the harbour, and form an agreeable dirtant profped. 
 A confiderable trade is carried on here by a number 
 of merchants who rclidc in the city. Every year at 
 leaft forty or fifty fail of (hips come from Li(bon, and 
 different i«rts of the Brazils, befidcs fome (liips that 
 trade to Africa, and the fmall craft that frequent the 
 neighbouring ports. The European (hips bring lea- 
 ther, linen, and woollen cloths, coarfc and fine bays, 
 fcrges, hats, ftockiiics, thread, bifcuit, iron, hard- 
 ware, pewter, and all kinds of kitchen furniture, with 
 other commodities ; and in return tarry from thence 
 lugar, tobacco, fnuff, brafil, and other dying and me- 
 dicinal woods, fufiic, raw hides, train oil, ficc. With 
 refpeift to their food, it mull be acknosvledged, that 
 their beef is very indifferent, as through the cxceflive 
 heat of the weather, they are obliged to eat it foon after 
 killing, which is performed in the following manner: 
 they drive a number of bullocks into an inclofed place, 
 and then throwing a rope over that they intend to kill, 
 take him out from among the reft, and confine his head 
 down by means of the rope, when a negro butcher 
 coming behind him, cuts the hamfirings of his hind 
 legs, and when the bcall falls, he (licks a knife in his 
 head cxadly between his horns. Thefc cattle are fo 
 wild and unmaiugcable, that few, except negro but- 
 chers, chufc to encounter them; and yet they are fo 
 fiiiall, that when the ftiin, offal, &c. are taken away, 
 tlicy in general do not weigh more than two hundred 
 and a half. Such arc the ingenious remarks of our 
 journaliff, who was an otlicer on board the IDolphin i 
 "and our readers will, perhaps, remember, that wc have 
 ajvcn ajfuU and complete account of the Brafils, and 
 Rio de Janeiro, in the 7th and fome of the following 
 Laecs of this work. 
 
 While we continued at the Brazils, yams were fcrved 
 to the (hip's company inllcad of bread, at tuo pounds 
 f day each man : but wc procured fugar, tobacco, and 
 
 other commodities at a very reafonable price. Fowlt 
 anil hogs arc however very dear, the chief (bod of the 
 negroes being lilh and Indian corn, the latter of which 
 they cultivate in great quantities, and plenty of the 
 former they catch out at fea, they having a conlidei- 
 able number of fifliing canoes, in which they go out 
 in the morning, allilled by the land-breeze, w hich, at 
 we have before obfcrved, rifcs regularly at that time, 
 and return in the evening with the fca-breezc, which is 
 no lefs invariable. In this port they have not only a 
 yard for building (hips, but a convenient ifland, where 
 they can heave dpwn a veffel of any (ize. A Spani(h 
 South-feaman, was obliged to put into this port, while 
 we lay hcre,inordcr to heave down,andrepairthe damage 
 (he had fullaincd. During our (lay. Commodore Byron 
 lived on (liore, having a commodious houfe fituated on 
 the top of a hill to the northward, where the viceroy and 
 others paid him frequent vifits, and (hewed him all the 
 refpcd, that a (Irangcr of his rank could pofTlbljr 
 claim. The following piece of information may beot 
 fervice to future navigators, particukirly tothofcof our 
 own nation. — " The Portugucfe, at Janeiro, pradicc 
 every artifice in their ix)\vcr to entice away tlielcamen 
 from the Ihips which touch there ; and if by cajoling 
 or intoxicati g them, they can get any men within 
 their power, they immediately fend fuch up the coun- 
 try, and keep them there till the (hip to w hich they be- 
 long has left the place. By thele arts, five men from 
 the I>)lphin, and nine from the Tamar, were fcdutcd j 
 the latter were recovered, but the former- were clfec- 
 tually fccreted." All hands were now, being the 16th of 
 October, employed to complete the fitting the Dolphin 
 and Tamar lor ica, having all the rcafon poiliblc to be- 
 lieve, that we were bound to the Eall-Indies, and that 
 we fliould now proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, ihc 
 fcheme having been fo well concerted by the Commo- 
 dore, as even to deceive Lord Clivc, who prcflcd him 
 with great importunity to allow him to take his palliige 
 in the Dolphin, we being in much greater rcadmefs (or 
 fea than the Kent, which had befidcs the misfortune to 
 have many fick on board : but to this the Commodore 
 could not confent ; yet flattered his lordfhip with the 
 hopes of his taking him on board on their meeting ac 
 the Cape. _ 
 
 On Saturday, the 20th, wc left this port, and the 
 coatl of Brazil, bound as we thought for the Cape of 
 Good Hope, but when at fea, by fleering to the fouth- 
 ward, we toourgreatfurprize found our midake; and 
 on the 22nd, we were relieved from our fufpencc; for 
 a fignal being made for the commander of the Tamar 
 frigata^to come onboard, he and our own company 
 were informed, that the Commodore's orders were to 
 go on difcoveries into the South Sea: a circumfiance 
 that, from the manner of which it was received, (ur- 
 nilhes the greateft rcafon to believe, that no one on 
 board had before the leaft notice of the voyage in which 
 they were now engaged. To this information the 
 Commodore added, that the good behaviour of our 
 company, by order of the lords of the Admiralty, 
 would be rewarded, with double pay, and other eiiu)- 
 lumcnts. This declaration was received with marks of 
 the highcft fatisfadion ; the crew promifcd obedience 
 to the Commodore as. to any orders he (liould give, and 
 exprelFcd their willingnefs to do ail in their power for 
 the fervice of their country. Some French writeti 
 have given a forced and very malevolent turn to this ge- 
 nerous condud; but the daring fpirit which charac- 
 terizes Britifh fcamen is too well known, for any one 
 to fuppofe, that an incrcalc of pay was nectfl'ary to 
 prompt them to do their duty in perilous fervice: and 
 the indances of diiintcrclled gencrolity which diftin- 
 guifh the Briti(h nation, cannot leave the true motive 
 which aduated the board of Admiralty, when it thus 
 dillributcd its bounty, any ways equivocal, or expofcd 
 to the mifconilrudion of invidious men. To make 
 the acquicfccnce of the French iaiiors, under the in- 
 attcntionof theirgovcrnment, when M. de Bouganvillc 
 failed round the world, an oicalion for calling a reflec- 
 tion on the Lnglilh faiiors, for the contr.-\ry condud of 
 government, in a fmiiiar cirrunWlancc, bcipcaks a fpe- 
 cics of mean fubtlety, uhiih can difgraie non? but 
 
 thole 
 
Commodore BYRONs VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in the SouintRN OctAM, &c. aiy 
 
 fpc« 
 
 but 
 
 thofe 
 
 thofc who pradice it, and which the Ipiritcd rivallhip 
 of that poliihcd nation docs not countenance. 
 
 On Monday, the 29th, it blew a violent hurricanci 
 and during the ftorni wc were obliced to throw lour of 
 our guns overboard. It continued ail nigiit, but tub. 
 fidcd on the morning of the .{oth, when v.c made fail, 
 and being arrived in latitude 35 dcg. 30 niin. S. wc 
 found the weather exceeding cold, though at this time 
 the latter end of October, which anfwcrs to our April, 
 in the northern and teniperatc xone, and wc were bc- 
 fides fixtcen degrees nearer the line than -it London. 
 A little more than a week before, we had fuHercd into- 
 lerable heat, fo that fuch a fuddcn change was moll fe- 
 verely felt. The feamen, having fuppofed, that they 
 were to continue in a hot climate during the whole 
 voyage, had difpofcdof all their warm cloathing at the 
 ports where we had touched, as alfo their very beddingj 
 fo that now, finding their midake, and being pinched 
 with cold, they applied for flops, and were iurnilhtd 
 with the necelFary articles for a cold climate. 
 
 On Friday the 2nd of November, the Commodore 
 delivered to the lieutenants of both fliips their commif- 
 fions, they having hitherto aded only under verbal or- 
 ders from him. On the 4th, the (hip was furrounded 
 with vaft flocks of birds, among which were fome 
 brown and white, and feveral pintadoeS, fomcwhat 
 larger than pigeons. Wc alfo in latitude j8 deg. 
 53 min. S. and in 51 deg. W. longitude^ faw a quanti- 
 ty of rock weed, and feveral fcals. On the i oth, we 
 perceived the water difcoloured ; and the next day we 
 flood in lor land, being in latitude 41 deg. 16 min. S. 
 and in 55 deg. 17 min. W. longitude. On the nth, 
 we ftcercd all night S. W. by W. and on Monday the 
 1 2th, we found ground at the depth of 45 fathoms : our 
 latitude was 42 dcg. 34 mtn. S. longitude 5 8 dcgj 1 7 
 min. W- About four o'clock, P. M. our people m the 
 fcrecaftle called out, " Land right a-hcad 1" At this 
 time it was exceeding black round the horizon, and we 
 had a good deal of thunder and lightening: the Lom- 
 modore himfclf imagined what wc firft defcried to be . 
 an ifland, which feemed to rife in two rude craggy hills; 
 the land adjbining to it appeared to run a long way to 
 the S. E. We were now fteering in a S. W. diredion, 
 and founded in 52 fathoms water. Our commander 
 thought himftlf embayed, and entertained little liope 
 of getting clear before night. We now (leered E. S. K. 
 the land ftill keeping the fame appearance, and the 
 hills looking blue, as they generally do at a fmall dif- 
 tancc, when feen in dark rainy weather. Many on 
 board aflerted, that they faw the fea break uoon the 
 fandy beaches, but after having made fail about an 
 hour, what had been taken for land, in a moment 
 vaniihed ; and, to the alloniihmcnt of every one, proved 
 to have been a mere deceptio vijiis, which feamen 
 call a fog-bank. Thefe delufions are frequently oc- 
 cafioncd by ridges of clouds, and fometimes, iii the 
 higher latitudes, by an extraordinary quality of the air. 
 to be accounted for only by the dodrine of refrailion. 
 Others have been equally deceived by thefe kind of il- 
 luftons. The mafter ofa veflel, not long (incc made 
 oath, that he had feen an ifland between the welt end of 
 Ireland and Newfoundland, and even diftinguiflied the 
 trees that grew upon it; yet it is now well known, that 
 no fuch ifland' exifts, at Icaft it could never be found, 
 though feveral fhips were afterwards fent out on purpoic 
 to feck it. And Commodore Byron was of opinion, 
 tha^if the. weather had not cleared up foonenoiitrh for 
 us to fee what wc had taken for land difappear, livery 
 man ot\ board would freely have made oath that land i 
 had been difcovered in this latitude of 43 dcg. 46 min. 
 S. and in 60 deg. 5 min. W. longitude. This falfe 
 appearance was fucceeded, on Tuefday the 13th, by 
 a fuddcn and tremendous hurricane. Notwithltanding 
 the weather was extremely fine, in the afternoon the 
 Iky grew black to windward, and a noifc was heard, 
 which refemblcd the breaking of the fea upon a fliailow' 
 beach, The thirds were obferved flying from the 
 quarter wlience the ftonn ilFued, and Ihrieking through 
 .the apprehcnlion of its approach. It was not pbftible ■ 
 to make the necelFary preparations before it reached us. i 
 
 The fea rolled on towards us in vail billows rovcrod with 
 foam. Orders were inftantly given to ha«l up the fore 
 fail; and let go the main Ihcctj but before we could 
 raife the main tack, the Dolphin was laid upon her 
 beams. We now cut the main tack, for it was ira- 
 poffible to cart it oft", upon which, the main (heet llruck 
 down the fird lieutenant, much bruited him, and beat 
 out three of his teeth. The main-top fail not being 
 quite h.mded was fplit to pieces. The Tamar fplit her 
 main-fail, but being to the leeward, fhc had more time 
 toc prepare; and had not fufticient warning been given 
 by the agitation of the fea, the Dolphin mull have been 
 overfet, or her malls would have been tarried away: 
 It was the opin of all our people, that bad this florin 
 approached with lefs warning, and more violence, or had 
 it overtaken us in the night, the lliip mufl: have been 
 loll. Our Commodore thought this guft of wind more, 
 violent than any one he had encountered ; it lafled 
 about twenty minutes, and then fubfidcd. It blew, 
 however, hard all night, and on the 14th, we had -X 
 great fwell. The fea alfo appeared as if tinged witli 
 blood, owing to its being covered with fmall red cray- 
 filh, of which great quantities were taken up in bafkets 
 by the Ihip's company. 
 
 On the 15th, our three lieutenants and the ma^Qer 
 were fo ill as to be mcapabic of duing their duty ; but 
 the reft of our hands were in good health. Our latitude 
 this day was 45 dcg. 21 min. and longitude 63 deg. 
 1 min. E. On the' 16th, wc lluped our courfe for 
 Cape Blanco, agreeable to the chare of it, laid down in 
 Anion's voyage j and after many hard gales of wind, 
 on the 1 7th, wc faw the Cape, and lor two days llrug- 
 gled hard to reach Port Delire. We now Hood inio 
 d bay to the fouthward of the Ca-pe, but could find 
 no port. On the 20th, wc made Penguin Ifland, and 
 as Pott Delirc was faid to be three leagues to tlii 
 N. W. of it, ft boat was fent out, and having found it 
 we flood in for land ; . and anchored four miles from 
 the fhore. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the 21ft, wc weighed in ordei' to 
 enter the haibour of Port Delirc ; but found it very 
 rocky, and not above a quarter of a mile from fide to 
 fide. On our failing up, the wind was at S. S. W. 
 diredly in our favour, and the weather being remarka- 
 bly temperate, all our boats were round the (hip ; but 
 on a fuddcn the wind came about to the N. E. which 
 being diredly againll us, we made all polTible hafte to 
 get our fails furled ; but being within the haibour we 
 could not return, and the tide of flood running with 
 exceflive rapidity, we were obliged to let go both 
 anchors, and before wc could bring her up, Ihc took 
 the fhore. This was follo-Acd by a cold rainy night, 
 rendered more melancholy and gloomy by the rellcdion, 
 that the boats were all driven to fea, where every per : 11 
 in them would probably perilh, and that we ourfelves 
 had no reafon to exped our ever getting off, as both 
 the wind and tide were againll us, but chat wc Ihould 
 be obliged to live, or perhaps perifli, on this dcfert 
 coaft ot Patagonia, feveral hundred leagues to the 
 fouthward of any European fcttlement; but at length, 
 to our great joy, our twelvc-oared barge providentially 
 drove into the harbour, by which means the Ihip was 
 prcfcrved, for without thrs timely aflillancc Ihe mult 
 have pcrilhed, we having no boat to carry oui an an- 
 chor. After many attempts, we carried out our IVrcam 
 anchor, which, when the tide turned, enabled us, by 
 weighing our onher anchors, to get into the n iddle of 
 the harbour, where, with the I'amar in company, wc 
 moored both fhips : but as it blew very l-,ard, we were 
 obliged to take down our yards and topniails. Mean 
 white two of our boats had been driven on fliore, and 
 the men fuftcrcd' exbremcly from its raining very hard 
 all night : bat notwithltanding this they returned the 
 next dav. Ax to our long boat, it was carried many 
 leagues out to let, with only tw o men in it ; we had there- 
 fbre little profpectof feeing them again ; but on the 23d 
 they returned with the boat into harbour, though they 
 were almo<l llarveri to death with the feverity of tl e 
 cold ami wpnr, i"On their firft appearance uc lent a 
 boat lo'th^ir^ifillancc, which brought them on board. 
 
 This 
 
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220 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 \i 
 
 a-i 
 
 This harbour is not much more than half a mile 
 over. On the fouth Ihorc is a remarkable rock, riling 
 from the water in the form of a ftceplc, which Appears 
 on entering the harbour's mouth. Abreaft of this rock 
 we lay at anchor in fcven or eight fathoms water, 
 moored to the eaft and weft, with both bowers, which 
 we found extremely neceflary, on account of the ftrong 
 tide that regularly ebbs and flows every twelve hours. 
 Indeed the ebb is fo rapid, that we found by our log 
 line it continued to run five or fix knots an hciir s and 
 in ten minutes after the ebb is paft, the flood returns 
 with equal velocity : befides, the wind generally blows 
 duriiig the whole night out of the harbour. It is alfo 
 neccfury to obfefve, that the ground is far from aflford- 
 ing good anchorage ; for as it principally confifts of 
 li^t fand, it is not to be depended on, and if one an- 
 chor fhould dart, while the tide is rufliing in, the (hip 
 would immediately take the Ihore, before the other an- 
 chors would poflibly bring her up. However it may 
 be fairly conjedlured, that there is firmer anchorage 
 farther up the harbour, efpecially for a (hip that re- 
 quires only a fmall draught of water; for on fending 
 our boats two or three leagues up, they found good 
 anchorage and lefs tide. On the north fliore, about 
 fourornve iniles above the before mentioned rock, 
 there are fome white cliffs that rife to a great height, 
 and at a diftance nearly refembling shalk, though their 
 whitcncfs is merely owing to great flocks of birds 
 voiding their dung upon them. The country all around 
 is likewife interfperied with rocks, high and craggy, 
 but between each precipice the ground is covered with 
 long and coarfe grafs. The valleys form a barren com- 
 fortlefs profped, in which there is nothing to entertain 
 the eye but great numbers of~wild bcalls and birds, 
 and many large heaps of bones that lie fcaticred about, 
 cfiJccialiy by the fide of every ftrcam of water. But we 
 law no Indians, nor the leaft fign of the human fpecies. 
 Among the animals we found near the fhore a great 
 number of feals of different fizcs. Thefe live both on 
 the land and in the water, and arc fo fierce that they 
 cannot be encountered without danger. The head has 
 fome refemblance to that of a dc^ with crept ears, but 
 in fome it is of a rounder, and in others of a longer 
 make. They have large eyes, and whi(kers about the 
 mouth : their teeth are extremely (harp, and fo ftrong, 
 that they can bite a very thick ftick in two. Thoupi 
 without legs, they have a kind of feet or fins, which 
 anfwer the different purpofes of fwimming and walk- 
 ing ; thefe have five toes lik nnigers, armed with nails, 
 and'ioincd together with a thin (kin like thofe of a 
 goofc ; by the help of which they IhufFel along very 
 fid through the fand, or over the fmall rocks on the 
 fliore. Their (kins, which are covered with (hort thick 
 hair, arc black, but frequently fpotted with different 
 colours, as white, red, or grey, and are often manufac. 
 tared into caps, waillcoats, tobacco-pouches, and the 
 like. The old ones, which are about eight feet long, 
 make a hoarfe barking, fomewhat like a d<«.^nd the 
 young ones mew like a cat. The largcft of them will 
 yield about half a barrel of oil ; and their (kins, if pro- 
 perly cured, would be of confiderablc value. Some 
 of our men ufcd to eat the young ones, and their entrails 
 were thought by them as good as thofe of a hog. Here 
 arc likewil'e great numbers of guanicoes, a kind of 
 wild deer, called by fome Peruvian (heep, their backs 
 being covered with a very line foft wool. They have 
 a long neck, and the head refembles that of a (heep; 
 but they have very lone legs, and are cloven footed 
 like a deer, with a ftiort bufhy tail. Thefe are as large 
 as a middle lizcd cow, and when freed from the (km 
 and offal, weigh about two hundred and a half. Their 
 flefh is excellent, either freftl or ("alted, and after fo long 
 a voyage, was very ferviceable in refrelhing our feamen. 
 They herd together in companies of twenty or more, 
 and the tnethod we purfucd in kUling them was oy 
 fending a party of men in the night, who fearched for 
 them by the fprings of water to which they refort; 
 and there lying in ambufti amoi^ the bufhes, they had 
 an opportunity of fliooting them at thfit pkafure ; yet 
 tfecfc animals, when Ccniible of danger, fuddcnly 
 4 
 
 cfcape;. for they are very fwift of foot. In this place 
 are alfo hares of a prodigious fize ; for they weigh, 
 while alive, near 20 pounds, and, when (kinned, are as 
 big as a fox. Thcie arc chiefly inhabitants of the 
 valleys. With refped to the feathered race, here are 
 a great number of oftriches, but not near fo large al ' 
 thofe in Africa. Thefe birds, which are remarkable for 
 the length of their necks and legs, and the (liortncft 
 of their wings, have been confidered by naturalifls as 
 holding the fame place among birds, as eamcls do 
 among beafts. Their fmall head has fome refemli'Tince 
 to that of a goofe, and their plumage conlifts of grey 
 feathers covering the back as far as the tail, but thote 
 on the belly arc white. They have (bur toes on each 
 foot, one behind and three before ; and from the 
 (hortnefs of their wings, arc unable to roifc their bodies 
 from the ground ; yet by their help they will run with 
 amazing fwiftnel's. We found great quantities of their 
 eggs, fome of which are of an enormous fize. There 
 is here alfo another extraordinary large bird, which wc 
 called the wild eagle, whofc body is about the fizc 
 of a large turkey of 30 pounds weight. They have a 
 very ftatcly appearance, and are of a dark brown hue, 
 intermixed with different coloured feathers j but what 
 is moflt curious in thefe birds, is their having a crown 
 on their heads, and a ring of feathers round their necka. 
 The barrels of the large feathers, or quills in their wings, 
 are each half an inch in diameter, and their wings when 
 extended reach 14 feet from point to point. 1 he peni- 
 guin, which is alio found here, is about the fizc of a 
 goofe ; but inftead of feathers is covered with a kind 
 of afti-coloured down. Its wings, which refemble 
 thofe of young goflins, arc too (hort and unfledged to 
 permit it to fly, but arc of ufe to it in fwimming, and 
 alio to afTift it in leaping along upon the ground. 
 Thefe birds appear heavy and inadtive upon land, where 
 they feem regardlcfs of danger, and arc ettfily knocked 
 down with a ftick; yet arc adUve inough upon the 
 water. Their fle(h, however, is difagrceable, on act 
 count of its having a fifliy tafte ; but their eggs are 
 very good. In the evening they retire to the rooks 
 near the fea, where they ftay till the morning. But tfi 
 return to the hiftoiy of ourvoyage. 
 
 On Saturday the 24th, both (nips being fafely mooted 
 in the harbour, the Commodore went on (horc and fliot 
 a hare, weighing 26 pounds, and faw others which 
 appeared to be as large as fawns. Landing again o* 
 the 25th, he found the barrel of an old mulkct, with 
 the king's broad arrow on it, and an oar of a fingular 
 form. The mulket barrel had fuffered fo much by the 
 weather, that it might be crumbled to duft between the 
 fingers ; it was probably left there by the Wager's 
 people, or by Sir John Narborough, when he was in 
 thefe parts. Here were fome remains of fire, but n© 
 inhabitants could be difcovercd. This party fliot fe- 
 veral wild ducks, and a hare, which ran two miles be- 
 fore it dropped, with the ball in its body ; the flefli of 
 which animal was of an excellent flavour, and as white 
 as fnow. Here they found the (kull and bones of a 
 man ; and caught a young guanicoc, very beautiful, and 
 which grew very tame on board, but died afliort time 
 afterwards. On the 27th, we difcovered two fpringi 
 of tolerable good water; and on the 28th, a tun of it 
 was brought on board ; but it is to be obfcrved, the 
 mineral qualities of thefe fprings unfortunately prevent- 
 ed their being of any ufe to us in fupplying our fiiip 
 with water ; and we could not even find a quantity o)f 
 pure wholcfome water fit for our prcfent ufe. We had 
 funk feveral wells to a confiderablc depth, where thr 
 ground appeared moift, but upon vifiting them, had the 
 mortification to find, that, altogether, they would not 
 yield more than thirty gallons in 24 hours. On the 
 fouth (here the rocks are not fo numerous as on the 
 north fide; and there are more hills and deep valleys ; 
 but they are covered only with high grafs, and a fe# 
 fmalf (hrubt. Hence this is but a ba3j)lace to totich 
 at, by any (hip that is under the nccedity of wooding 
 and watcrinc. This day, when a party went oh (hore, 
 they faw fucn a number of birds take flight, as darkened 
 the iky, not could the meo walk a ftcp without triad' 
 
 log 
 
CoMMODORfi BYRON'S VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the SourHBkN Oceak, &c. a t 
 
 ing on eggs ; and as the birds hovered over their heads 
 at a little diftance, the men would knockdown many 
 of them with ftones and fticks. After fome time they 
 drefled and would eat the eggs they had carried oft, 
 though young birds were in moft of them. They faw 
 no traces of inhabitants on cither fide the river, but nu- 
 merous herds of guarticoes, which were exceeding 
 Ihy. The furgeon of the Dolphin, one of the jiarty, 
 fliot a tyger-cat, a fmall, but very fierce animal. Some 
 of the crew being fenton (hore for water, on the 30th, 
 two of them dilcovered a large tyger lying on the 
 ground. The animal taking no notice of them, they 
 threw ftones at him, but could by no means provoke 
 him. He remained on the fpot, and continued 
 ftretchcd on the ground, till their companions, who 
 were a little way behind them, came up, and then he 
 walked away very Icifurely. 
 
 During our ftay at this place, our men were employ- 
 ed in fitting and complctmg the fliip for fea ; and the 
 carpenters were particularly obliged to fifli our main- 
 mart, which had been damaged at the head. Others, 
 as has been already mentioned, were employed as 
 rangers to go in fcarch of water, though without fuc- 
 cefs ; but when they were on this duty, they had a 
 double allowance of brandy, and fmall tents were 
 ereded on flwre for their own ufe. Before our depar- 
 ture, we alfo funk two calks, one of them on the 
 north (hore from the place of anchorage, a-brcaft of 
 the rock in form of a ftceple. The other cafk was 
 funk on the fouth fliore, two miles and a half to the 
 S, S. W. of the ftceple rock, and near a gentle de- 
 clivity, on which we erciSed a poft twelve feet high 
 from the ground, with a piece 01 board nailed acrofs it 
 by way oHTiark. At length having equipped the ftiip 
 for fea, and received proper ballaft from the fliore, 
 lignal was made for failing. Our crew were greatly 
 refrclhed by the provilions they met with at this place, 
 having had the flefti oftheguanicOcs ferved three times 
 a week, which they found to be delicious food ; and 
 this, doubtlefs, contributed greatly to their continuing 
 in a good ftate of health, as were alfo all On board our 
 confbrt the Tamar : befides a perfedt unanimity fub- 
 fifted between the officers and men of both (hips, who 
 mainuined the moft friendly intercourfe with each 
 other, whenever they had an opportunity. On Satur- 
 day, the I ft of December, our cutter being thotoughly 
 repaired, we took her on board, and on the 2nd, we 
 ft ruck our tents, which had been fet up at the watering- 
 place. This bears about S. S. E. of the ftCeple rocK, 
 from which it is diftant about two miles and an half. 
 
 On Wcdnefday, the 5th, we unmoored, and between 
 five and fix in the evening weighed. We now got un- 
 der faiJ, having fair and pleafant weather, and fteered 
 out E. N. E. with a favourable gale at N. N. W. di- 
 reding our courfe from Port Delire, in fearch of Pepy's 
 Ifiand, faid to have been feen by Cowley, who lays it 
 down in latitude 47 dcg. but makes no mention of its 
 longitude. In our charts it is laid down in longitude of 
 64 dcg. from the meridian of London, bearing E. by S. 
 of Cape Blanco ; and it received its name in honour of 
 Samuel Pepys, Efq. fecretary to James duke of York, 
 when lord nigh admiral of England ; who pretended, 
 that it had not only a good harbour, in which a thou- 
 fand ftiips might fafely rido at anchor, but that it 
 abounded with wild fowls, and was extremely conve- 
 nient for wooding and watering ; but after many un- 
 fuccefsful attempts to difcover this ifiand, in order to 
 procure a frefli fupply of wood and water, we had the 
 mortification to find, that all our endeavours were in 
 vain and ineffedlual. We were therefore obliged to de- 
 fift ft oni the fearch, and on the 1 1 th, at noon, the Com- 
 modore refolved to ftand in for the main, both fliips be- 
 ing in want of wood and water. Having changed our 
 courfe, lame whales were obferved to fwim frequently 
 about the fliip, and birds in great numbers flew round 
 us. On the 15th, being in latitude 50 dcg. 33 min. 
 S. and in 66 deg. 59 min. W. longitude, we were, about 
 fix in the evening, overtaken by the hardeft gale at S. W. 
 that the Commodore had ever been in, with a fea ftill 
 higher than any he had feen in going round Cape Horn 
 No. 26. 
 
 with lord Anfon. The ftorm rontinurd the wlolc 
 night, during Which we lay to under a balanced miZcn, 
 and (hipped many heavy feas. 
 
 On Sunday the 16th, at eight o'clock A. M. it be- 
 gan to fubfi(le J at ten we made fail under our courfts ; 
 and on the tSth, in latitude 51 dig. 8 min. .S. and in 
 longitude 71 dcg. 4 min. W. wef.uv land from the mart 
 head. Cape Virgin Mary (the north entrance of the 
 Strait of Magellan) bore S. 19 dcg. 50 min. W. diflant 
 nineteer !fagues. The land, like that near Port Dc- 
 fire, was of the downy kind, without a (ingle tree. On 
 the 19th, we ftood into a deep bay, at the bottom of 
 which appeared a harbour » but we found it barred, the 
 fea breakmg quite from one fide of it to the other. At 
 low water it was rocky and alir.oft dry t and we had only 
 fix fathom when we ftood out again. In this place wc 
 obferved porpoifes, which were milk white, with black 
 fpots,pMrfuing the fifli, of which there were great num- 
 bers. 
 
 Thurfday, the 20th, we had little wind with thunder 
 and lightning from the S. W. at four o'dotk A. M. wc 
 faw an extremity of land belonjring to Cape I'airwca- 
 ther, extendinpi from S. to W. V^'cwcrc now at the 
 diftancc of four lengiies from the Ihorc; when founiliiifj, 
 we found twcnty-(ive fiithoms water, with loft grounil, 
 and the latitude of the Cape to be in 51 dcg. ;]o min. 
 S. We never fteered aho\e five or fix miles from the 
 fliore, and in pafiing between tlie laft-mentioned Cape 
 and Cape Bianco, we had no I'oimdings with tucnty- 
 five fatnoms line. The coafi here appears in white 
 clifts, with level buflf land, not unlike that about Dover 
 and the South Forelands. We now canic in light of 
 Cape Virgin Mary, from which we were dilhint five 
 leagues, and alfo the land named Terra del Fuego. We 
 found the coaft to lie S. S. E. very dilTcrent from Sir 
 John Narborough's defcription ; and a long fpit of 
 land running to the fouthwaid of the Cape for more 
 than a league. We had very fair w eather al' the morn- 
 ing, and at three o'clock P. M. Ca])c Virgin Mary bore 
 N. W. half N. About two leagues to the weftward, a 
 low neck of land runs ofi" from the Cape j we approach- 
 ed it without danger, and at fix, anchored w ith the beft 
 bower in fifteen fathoms water, at which time the Cape 
 bore N. half E. about fcven miles ; but the Tamar was 
 fo far to leeward, that (he could not fetch the anchoring 
 ground, and therefore kept under way all night. On 
 the 21 ft, at three o'clock A. M. we weighed, and again 
 got under fail ; and at fix the extreme;? of Terra dtrl 
 Fuego appeared, extending from the S. E. by S. to the 
 S. W. by S. four or five leagues diftant. At eight we 
 perceived a good deal of fmokc ilTuing from ditferent 
 quarters, and, on oUr nearer approach faw plainly a 
 number of people on horfeback. This is tht coafl of 
 Patagonia, and the place w here the half fiarved remains 
 of the crew of the Wager, as they were pafiing the 
 ftrait in their boat, alter the lo(s of the fiiip, faw a 
 number of horfemen, who waved what appeared to 
 them like white handkerchiefs, inviting them to come 
 on fliore. Mr. Bulkley, thegunnerof the Wager, who 
 publi(hed an account of her voyage and misfortunes, 
 fays, that they were in doubt whethFr thcfe people w ere 
 Europeans, who had been fiiipw t eckcd on the coaft, or 
 natives of the country about the river Gallagoes. At 
 ten o'clock, we anchored in Iburtccn fathoms on the 
 north (hore, and faw Cape Virgin Mary, w hith appeared 
 over the low neck of land to the E. N. E. and Point 
 Pofleflion to the W. by S. We were now about a mile 
 from the land, and had no fooner came to an anchor, 
 than we faw with our glafics a number of horfemen, 
 abreaftof the Dolphin, riding backward and forward, 
 and waving fomething white, as an invitation for us to 
 come on (hore. Immediately our twelve oared boat 
 was hoifted out, which was manned with the Commo- 
 dore, Mr. Marflial, the fecond lieutenant, the journa- 
 lift, to whom we arc indebted principally for the hif- 
 tory of this voyage, and a party of men all well armed, 
 Mr. Cumming,our firft lieutenant, followed in the' fix 
 oared cutter. 
 
 On our firft approaching the coaft, evident figns of 
 
 ftirprize were viitblc' among fome incur boat, onlceing 
 
 3 K men 
 
 OT 
 
 
 :)' 
 
 :.t^i 
 
 \ '*■' 
 
aas 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMFtETB. 
 
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 1 
 
 men of a mod enormous fize, to the number of about 
 five hundred t while others, perhaps, to encduragc the 
 reft, ob(erved, that thofe gigantic people were as mucli 
 furprixed at the fight of our niufkcts. as we were at 
 feeing them ; though it is highly probable they did not 
 know their ufc, and had never heard the report of a 
 gun ; however, this was fufficicnt to remind us, that 
 our fire-arms gave us an advantage much fuperior to 
 that derived from ftature and pcrfunal (Irength. The 
 people on Hiore as we advanced kept waving and hal- 
 uraing : but we could not perceive they had among 
 them weapons of any kind. When we had rowed 
 within twentv yards of the Ihorc, we lay on our oars, 
 and obferved fome on foot near the beach, but the 
 
 ! greater part were on horfcback, drawn up upon a ftony 
 pit, which ran a good way into the fea, and where it 
 was very difficult to land, the water being lliallow, 
 and the ftoncs very large. They now fhouted with 
 great vociferation, and by their coijiicenances fecmcd 
 eagerly defirous of having us l.-.nd. After the mofl 
 artticable ligns which wc were capable of underdand- 
 ing, or they of giving, a figna' was made for them to 
 retire backwards, to a little d.flance, with which they 
 readilv complied. The Commodore now held a fliort 
 confulution with his officers m the propriety of land- 
 ing, when one, fired with fhe thoughts of making a 
 full difcovery in regard to .hcfc Indians, made a mo- 
 tion to approach nearer ?nd jump on fliore, but the 
 Commodore objcdted to it, and would not fuffer any 
 man to go before himfelf. In a lliort time we attempted 
 to land, molt of our brat's crew being up to the mid- 
 dle in water. The Commodore, regardlcfs of fuch 
 kind of difficulties, pulhod refolutely on, and, having 
 with great intrcpidicy leaped on fliore, drew up his 
 men upon the bcLh, with the officers at their head, 
 and ordtrcel ihri'i not to move from that ftation, till he 
 Ihould either ell or beckon to them. Commodore By- 
 ron now adv.tncfd alone towards the Indians; butper- 
 ■ ceiving rlicy rttrcitt-d as he advanced, upon this he 
 made hgns, that one of them fliould come forward. 
 Thefe being underftoixl, one who appeared afterwards 
 to be a chief, advanced towards him. His Mature was 
 gigantic, he being nearly fcvcn feet high. Round one 
 of his eyes was a circle of black paint, and cnc of 
 white round the other : the reft of his face was painted 
 with various colours, and he had the fkin of fome wild 
 beaft, with the hair turned inwards, thrown over his 
 Shoulders. His hair was long and black, hanging down 
 behind. The Commodore and Indian chief having 
 paid their compliments to each other, in a language 
 aiiutually unintelligible to the perio.i to whom it was 
 addrclTed, they walked together towards the main body 
 of the natives, few of whom were fliortcr than the 
 above-mentioned ftandard, and the women large in 
 proportion. Mr. Byron now made figns for them to 
 fit down on the ground which they d'd. and the old 
 men chanted fome ftrains, in a moft doleful cadence, 
 with an air of ferious foleminity. The eyes of no one 
 perfon were paintedwith the fame colours, fome being 
 white and red, and fome black and white. Their teeth 
 arc remarkably ev«n, well fet, and as white as ivory. 
 Our Cmnmodorc, who had the precaution to take with 
 him on fliore a number of trinkets, fuch as ftrings of 
 beads, and the like, in order to convince them of our 
 amicable difpofition, diftributed them with great free- 
 dom, giving to each fome as far as they went. He then 
 took a whole piece of green ribbon, and putting the 
 end into the hands of the firft Indian, he continued it 
 to the next, and fo on as far as it would reach ; while 
 nonr of them attempted to pull it from the reft, and 
 yet they feemed more delighted with it, than with the 
 beads. When the ribbon was thus extended, he pulled 
 out a pair of fciflTars, and cut it between each two of 
 thofe who held it, leaving about a yard in the pofliMion 
 of each, which he afterwards tied about their heads. 
 It was remarked, that though the prefents were infuf- 
 ficicnt to fuppUr them all, not one preflcd forward from 
 the ftation afligncd him, nor feemed to envy the fu- 
 perior good fortune of his neighbour. They were now 
 fo delighted with the different trinkets, which they 
 h^d an opportunity of viewing, as the beads hung round 
 
 their necks, and fell down before on their bofotni, that 
 the Commodore could fcarcely reftrain them from carefi^ 
 ing him, particularly the women, whofe large and maf- 
 cufine features correfponded with the enormous fize of 
 theirbodies. We faw lome infants intheirmothers anns, 
 whofe features, confidering their age, bore the fame pro. 
 portion to thofe of their parents, kxccpt the (kins wnich 
 thefe Indians wore, moft of them were naked, a fcvr 
 only having upon their legs a kind of boot, with a 
 fliort I ointcd ftick faftencd to each heel, which ferved 
 as a fpur. Some of their women had collars round 
 their necks. Among them was one of the gigantic 
 fize, and moft difagrceably painted, who Had her 
 hair adorned with beads of blue glafs, hanging in two 
 divifions down before her flioulders ; (he had alfo brace- 
 lets of pale gold, or brafs, upon her arras. From 
 whence this finery could be procured was a fubjedt of 
 wonder, as from their great amazement at firft feeing 
 us, we conic(ftured, that they had never beheld any of 
 our dwarfifli race before. It may, however, be con- 
 cluded from the accounts of Sir John Narborough, and 
 others, who have taken notice of thefe Indians, that 
 they doubtlcfschangc their fituation with the fun, fpend. 
 ing their fummer here, and in winter removing farther 
 to the north, in order to enjoy the benefit of a milder 
 climate. Hence Sir John and others have related, that 
 they faw men of an uncommon fize, ,it Icaft eight or 
 ten degrees more to the northward ; whence it may be 
 reafonably conjedured, that during one part of the 
 year, they may have (bme intercourfe with the Indians 
 bordering on tHc Spanifli fettlemcnts, and that from 
 them they might have purchafed thefe ornaments. 
 There are thofe who may defpifc the fondnefs of thefe 
 Goliah-like Indians for glafs, beads, and other trifles 
 which among civilized nations are held in no eftima- 
 tion ; but fuch (hould remember, that, in themfelves, 
 the ornaments of unpoli(hed and civil life are equal, 
 and that thofe who live nearly in a ftate of nature, 
 have nothing that refembles glafs, fo much as glafs re- 
 fembles a diamond ; the value which we fet upon a dia- 
 mond, therefore, is more capricious than the value 
 they fet upcnglafs. The love of ornament feems to be 
 a ruling pi<.f1ion in human nature, and the fplcndid 
 tranfparency of glafs, and the rtmilu figure of a bead 
 excite plcafing ideas. The pleafure which a diamond 
 gives among us is, principally, by its bein^ a mark of 
 diftindlion, thus gratifying our vanity, which is inde- 
 pendent of, and frequently over-rules natural tafte,which 
 IS gratified by certain lines and hues, to which we give 
 the name of beauty : it muft b? remembered alfo, th..: 
 an Indian is more diftinguifhed by a glafs button or 
 bead, than any individual among us by a diamond, 
 though, perhaps, the fame facrifice is^not made to his 
 vanity, as the poflefllon of his finery is rather a tcfti- 
 mony of his good fortune, than of his influence or 
 power in confequcnce of his having what, as the com- 
 mon medium of all earthly polTeflions, is fuppofed to 
 confer virtual fuperiority, and intrinfic advantage. One 
 of the Indians mewed our Commodore the bowl of a 
 tobacco pipe, made of red earth, and by figns inti- 
 mated that he wanted fome tobacco, none of which they 
 had among them. On this the Commodore beckoned 
 to the fcamen, who ftill remained drawn up on the 
 beach, three or four of whom inftantly running for- 
 ward, the Indians were alarmed, and jumping up in 
 an inftant were preparing to retire, as it was fuppofed, 
 to fetch their arms. The Commodote therefore flopped 
 the failors, direfting one of them only to come for- 
 ward, when he had c - -" the tobacco th«-/ could miifter 
 among them. 1 .:•' t riiored good harm«ny, and all 
 the Indians rcfumed their places, except an old man^ 
 whofunga longfong. at nearly the conclufion of which 
 Mr. Cumming brought the tobacco. This gentleman, 
 though fix feet two inches high, was himfelf aftoni(hed 
 at the diminutive figure he cut among the ftrangers, *h6 
 were broad and mincular in proportion to their heidit. 
 Their language appeared to us to be nothing more than 
 a jargon of founds, without any mixture of the Spani(h 
 or Portugue'ir, the only European tongues offwhich it 
 was poffibic for them to obtain any knowledge, and with 
 which it is probable it would have been mixed, had they 
 
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Commodore BYRON'i VOYAGE— for making Diitoverica in thcii"u 1 1 n o^ta n, .^tc. J 
 
 in the 
 Ibnie 
 
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 «ny immediate intcrcourfc >*ith the SpanianU pr PoC- 
 tufirucfc of South America. We m*il» not omit, that 
 before our landing, the greateft part il thii< 
 niant were on horfebttck, but on feeing 
 fliore, they difmounted, and left their htn 
 difttnce. Thefe horfe* were not lai^t, m, 
 cafe, yet they were well broken, «?u1 very i 
 bore no proportion to the fizc of their ridci 
 bridle wata leathern thong, with a fmall piiCCK 
 that ferved for a bit, and the faddliJ refcmblMl 1 1 
 in ufe amon^^; the country people in England, 
 women rode aflride, and Ixith men and women without 
 ftirrupt I yet they j^alloptd foarlcftly over the ("pit upon 
 which we landed, the Rones of which were large, loofc 
 and flippery. Thefe pc<iplc looked frequently towards 
 the fun with an air of adoration, and made motioni 
 with their fingers, in order to make us feniibic of anv 
 particular ciauniftance they wanted us to underftand. 
 They appeared to be of an amiable and fricndly^difpo- 
 fition. and Teemed to live in great unanimity among 
 themfelves. After they had ocen prcfcntcd with the 
 tobacco, they made figns for us to go vith them to the 
 fmoke which we faw at a diilancc, and at the fame time 
 pointed to their mouths, as if intimating an inclina- 
 tion to give us rcfrefhmcnti but their number at prefent 
 being fo greatly fupcrior to ours, and it being not im- 
 probable, that Hill f^reatcr multitudes might furround 
 us unawares from the inland country, our Conunodorc, 
 who was equally remarkable for his prudence and 
 bravery, thought it not aiivifcablc to venture any far- 
 ther from the water fiile, and therefore intimated, that 
 he he muft return to the fliip, on which they fat down 
 again, apparently much concerned. At length, after 
 making ligns that we would depart, with the moll 
 plaufibic promifes, by gellurcs, of returning again to 
 them from the (hip, we left thefe Patagonian Indians, 
 who were fo dillrefled and .lillided at our departure, 
 that we heard their lamentations for a confutcrablc time 
 after. When the Commodore took his leave of them 
 they kept their feats, not one offering to detain, or 
 follow him. Another officer on boarif the Dolphin, 
 in his account of thefe extraordinary people, adds, that 
 they all apprarrd ro he very iHgicious, cafily underiOood 
 the fignals or intimaiioni vlvib out people made to 
 them, and behaved with gii. >inplacency and good 
 nature. Such is the inforniaticiis we have received 
 from the papers of our journalift, whof<; veracity re- 
 quired no proof among thofc who have had thepleafurc 
 of his actiuaintance ; but as evidences in corroboration 
 of hid alTertions. and the truth of the fiids, we Ihall in- 
 fert here the following account of the Patagonians, 
 which we have received from a gentleman, who was alfo 
 an oflkcr in one of the fliips, and on (hore at the fame 
 time with our author. 
 
 The Dolphin having entered ten or twelve leagues 
 into the mouth of the itraits of Magellan, the mch on 
 deck obferved thirty or forty people of an extraordinary 
 Mature, Aanding on the beach of the continent, who 
 looking attentively on them, made friendly figns, by 
 which they fcemed to invite them to come on Ihorc ; 
 while others who flood aloft, difcovered with their 
 glaflcs a much greater number, about a mile farther up 
 the country ; but afcribed their apparent fizc to the 
 foggincfs of the air. The fhip happened at this inllant 
 to be becalmed ; the honourable Mr. Byron, thinking 
 no time would be lod by going alhorc, rcfolvcd to lano] 
 in order to fee thefe Indians, and learn what he could 
 «>f their manners ; he therefore ordered a fix-oared boat 
 for hin»felf and officers; and one of twelve oars to be 
 lilled with men and arms, as a fecurity, in cafe there 
 ihoHld be any attempt to furprizc or injure him, or any 
 of thofc who went with him ; though the people on 
 fliorc did not feem to have any thing like an oH'enfive 
 weapon among them. On the Commodore's landing, in 
 •company with his lieutenant, he made figns to the In- 
 dians, who were crouding round him, to retire, which 
 they very readily did, to the didanceof thirty or forty 
 yards. He then; attended by his lieutenant, advanced 
 towards them, about twenty yards, and their number 
 was fooo UKrcai'cd to upward* of five hundred men. 
 
 women, ««»d -hildrcn. SfVirai 
 paflcd on rtmh Mv*, the Iri li »ns 
 and fatikfaclion, by linking uftoHiin 
 hands, and fitting with l(N>ks ot pi' 
 wives and children round the Comm 
 buli'd nong them riblxms, and Urn 
 which rhey appeared highly tUlij^hto' 
 iiiLfs >und the necks of fevcral ol 
 fktr I to be from fevcn to eight If 
 ere for the mofl part about nii 
 
 mci 
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 on tip- <v- he coiiU 
 
 )' the Itu , »s head, 
 
 .iong thtm. fht Hun 
 
 a prodigious (Ircngth. 
 
 okmri they have Ions 
 
 ig 
 black hair, an<l *t/v covcitil partly with (kins, which 
 were faAened about their n(\:M by a thong i the (kini 
 worn by the men being loofe, but the womens were girt 
 clofe with a kind of belt. Many of the men and wo- 
 men rode on horfct, which were about fifteen handa 
 and a half high, all of them afiridei and they had 
 among them fome dogs which had a picked fnout like 
 a fox, and were nearly of the (ize of a middlini; pointtr. 
 Thefe friendly people invited the Conuuodore, and ail 
 thole who were landed, to go with them up the coun- 
 try, fliewing a diltant finoke, and pointmj^ to their 
 mouths, as if they intended to give us a rcpall ; and in 
 return, the Conimodoie invited the Indians to come on 
 board, by pointiiijr to his lliip; but neither of them 
 accepti'd ot the others invitation, and the re iiire bas- 
 ing pallcii Lvo hours in an agreeable convcrfation, car- 
 ried on wholl/ by ligni, they parted with all the mark« 
 of friendfliip. The country (ohd i ves this gentleman) 
 isfandy; but divorlified with fnuH hills, covered witli 
 a (hort grafs, and with Ihrubs, none of which, as Sir 
 John Narborough has long before remarked, is large 
 enough to make the helve of an hatchet. 
 
 Another gentlemen on board hat favoured us with 
 an account that exadly tallies with the above, with 
 thefe additional circumlianccs. That when they were 
 ten or twelve leagues within the ftraits, they faw through 
 their glafles many people on rtiore of a prodigious fize : 
 which extraordinary magnitude they thought to be a 
 deception, tccafioned by the hazinefs of theatmofpher,.-, 
 it being then fomewhat fomy j but on coming near the 
 land, thejr appeared of Itill greater bulk, and midc 
 amicable figns to our people to come on Ihrrc. That 
 when the ftiip failed on to find a proper place of land- 
 ing, they made lamentations, as if they were afraid our 
 people were going off. He ftlfo fays, there were near 
 4CX5 of them, and about one third of the men on horfes 
 not much larger than our* ; and that they rode with 
 their knees up the horfes withers, having no (lirrups. 
 That there were women, and many children, whom 
 fome of our people took up in their arms and kilfed, 
 which the Indians beheld with much feeming fatis- 
 faCtion. That by way of affcdlion and clleem, they 
 took his hand between theirs, and patted it; and that 
 fome of thofe he faw were ten" feet high, well propor- 
 tioned, and well featured ; their Ikins were of a warm 
 copper colour, and they had neither offcnfive nnr dc-. 
 fenlive weapons. He alio fays, that they fcemed par- 
 ticularly pleafcd with lieutenant Cuniming, on recount 
 of his fiature, be being fix feet two inches high, and 
 that fome of them patted him on the flioulder, but 
 their hands fell with fuch force, thai it affetitcd his 
 whole frame. 
 
 There is nothing about which travellers arc more di- 
 vided, than concerning the height of thei'c Patago- 
 nians. M. dc Bougainville, who vifited another pait 
 of this coaft in the year 1 767, aliens, that the Patago- 
 nians are not gigantic ; and that what makes them ap- 
 pear fo, is their prodigious broad liiouldcrs, the fize of 
 their heads, and the thicknefs of all their limbs. Some 
 time before the hon. Mr. Byron made this vojage, it 
 w as the fubjec^t of warm contefl among men of fciencc , 
 in this country, whether a lace of men upon the coaft 
 of Patagonia, above the common ftature, did really 
 exill 5 and the contradiclory reporte, made by occular 
 
 wit* 
 
 il 
 
 \J 
 
 
 I. '.I 
 
 fi 
 
 . il 
 
 m 
 
 '■■ ti 
 
334 
 
 V O Y A (M: S ROUND the VV () R |, D C o m p i. e t b. 
 
 fyi 
 
 
 witnrllei, lODCirnin); ihu ta:t, tcmled srciiily to 
 perplex the quoflion. It a|)|icara that, during one 
 hundred ycara, uhiH>() all navigator*, of whatever 
 country, a^rcr in alKrmirig the exiftence of a race of 
 giant* upon chofe coaOti nut during another century, 
 a much greater nuinher agree in denying the t'*tt, 
 treating their prrdecelliira at idle fubulilli. Ji,ir/v>iatt 
 fpeaki of a race of giant* in South America i and 
 the (/hcii (i.mi/ii/fii «/»• la f^iga in hi* hiftory of /Vr«, 
 i* dccilivcly on the fame lide of the queUioii. I'or 
 i/M '«rfi/4 lib. I. chap. 13 and 14, record* the American 
 tradition* concerning a race of giant*, and a deluge 
 which hap|)ened in reitiote time*, in thefc part*. 
 Magellan, Loaifa, Sanniento, and Nodal, antong the 
 Spandiard* 1 and L'avcndilh, Hawkina, and Knivct, 
 nntong the- Knglifh 1 Sebald, Oliver dc N(M)rt, Ic 
 Miiire, and SpillK-rg, among the Dutch, together 
 with fnnic l-'rench voyager*, all bear tellimony to the 
 fact, that the inhabitant* of Patagonia were of a 
 gigantic height: on the contrary, Winter, the Dutch 
 aclmiral Hennite, Frogcr, in Dc Genncs'* narrative, 
 imd Sir John Narboro»igli, deny it. Sir l-rancis 
 Drake, who failed throuirh the llraii*, fav* nothinj^ 
 concerning it ; and hi* (ilence on this head can only 
 be accounted for on the fuppolition, cither that he 
 fnw no inhahitantii on the coall in his pnlFagc, or 
 tlitt there was nothing extraordinary in their .ip- 
 
 Iiearancc. To reconcile thcfe dilfcrcni opinions, we 
 lavc only to fuppofc that the country is inhabited by 
 dil^inct races of men, one of whom is ot a fize beyond 
 the ordinary pit< h, the other not gigantic, though 
 perhaps tall nnd remarkably large limbed ; and that 
 each polfels parts of the country feparatc and remote 
 fiom each other. That fomc giants inhabit thefc 
 rcj'ions can now no longer be aoubtcd ; lincc the 
 loncurrcnt tcftimony of late linglifli navigators, par- 
 ticularly Comnxxiore Byron, Captains Wallis and 
 Carteret, gentlemen of unqucftionable veracity, cfta- 
 blilh the tni\, from their not only having fecn and 
 convcrfed with thcfe people, but even mcafurcd them. 
 But it is time now to proceed with the hillory of our 
 vojagc. 
 
 On Friday the aifl of December, at three o'clock 
 P. M. wc wciphcil, and worked up the ftrait of 
 Magellan, which is here about three leagues broad, 
 not with a view to pais through it, but to take in a 
 proper ftock of wood and water, not chuling to trurt 
 wholly to the finding of Falkland's lilands, which we 
 determined afterwards to feek. At eight in the 
 evening wc anchored in 25 fathoms water, at the 
 dirtaiicc of three miles N.N. E. from Port PoirelTion, 
 in view of t«o remarkable hummocks, which Bulk- 
 K'T, from their appearance, di(\inguiflicd by the name 
 of the Alfcs l'.ars. On the 22nd, at three o'clock 
 A. M. wc weighed and ileered S. W. by W. about 
 four leagues, w lien the water flioaled to lix fathoms 
 and A half, wc being then over a bank of which no 
 notu e has hitherto been taken, and full three leagues 
 from the ftioic; but in two or three caftsof the log- 
 line, it deepened to i ;{ fathoms. When the water 
 was (hallow ert, the Alfcs Ears bore N. W. by W. 
 mtd the north point of the firft narrow W. by S. dil^ant 
 foinewhat more than five miles. Wc now fteercd 
 S. W. by S. two leagues to the firft narrow, as it is 
 iifually called, which brought us through. "This nar- 
 row is about three miles over, and is the narroweft 
 part of the llraits ; and through it a regular tide runs 
 with great rapidity. In this run wc law an Indian 
 mxin the foiith ihorc, who kept waving to us as long 
 as wc were in fight; alfo fomc guanicoes upon the 
 hills. The land is on each fide furroundcd with 
 thefe; but the country is entirely barren without a 
 ft fingle tree, yet wc here obfervcd great quantities of 
 finokc from diU'erent parts of the Inore. The courfe 
 of the firfl narrow to a little fea, or the found, is 
 S. W. by W. about eight leagues. The land on each 
 lide is of a moderate height, and rather higheft on 
 the north (hore, but runs low towards the fecond 
 narrow. On founding from the firft to the fecond 
 narrow, we found from 20 to 25 fathoms water, with 
 
 II gO(Kl anchorage: and it wa» there about U\rn league* 
 from the north fhore to the illand of leira del 
 Fuej(U. At the entrance or caft end o( the fecomJ 
 narrow lie* Cane (Gregory, whuh is u white diUnt u 
 nuKlerate height ; and a little to the n ithwurd of 
 it i« a fandy bay, in whieh ymi iiiiy ride in ij)»ht 
 fathoms water, with \cry gmid an huriKc. Winn 
 abreall of Cape (;regi)ry we llecnd S. W . half W. 
 live leagueii, through the fecond nirrow, having i 
 de|>th ot water from 20 to 35 fatluimi. Wc went 
 out of the weft end of this narrow ilviiit noon, and 
 ftecred three leagues Couth tor l.li/.abeth''. Illnnd. 
 At this part of the narnnv on the lonth llioie, i* a 
 white headland, called Sweepftakes I Drelaiid. 'I he 
 wind being right againft us we anchoied in feveii 
 fathom, 'rhe illand bore S. S. M. alxjut a mile il«(- 
 tant, and Bartholomew'* Illand bore l-:. S. li. In the 
 evening lix Indians came down to the water-(ide, 
 and contmued lor fomc time waving and hnllcwing 
 to us, but feeing their labour fruitieis, they went 
 away. Between the firft and fecond narrow* the 
 Hood fets to the S. W. and the cbh to the \. IC. 
 but being paft the fecond narrow, the. courfe with 
 a leading wind is .S. bv F« three leagues between St. 
 Bartholomew's and hii/.alKth's lilands, where the 
 channel is one mile and a half over. The Hood fet* 
 through to the fouthward with great vdieineiice and 
 rapiiliiy, fo that when near, it appears like bnakers, 
 and the tide round the illands fets diH'iient \\a)h. 
 
 On Sunday the 2jd we had very moderate 
 weather, but ha/y, with interv.ils ol Irelli hiee/es. 
 In the niorning we weighed, and wmked haween 
 the two illands: we got over on the north llioie be- 
 fore the tide w;is fpent, and anehorcvl in 10 laihom. 
 St. (Jeorge's Illand bore N. M. by N. dillant three 
 leagues; a jwint of land, which wc •named Porpoifc 
 Point, N. by W. diftant five miles, and the fmuliern- 
 moft land S. by E. dilhnt about two miles. In tho 
 evening wc again got under fail, and ftecred S. by E. 
 and at ten o'clock we anchored alwut a mile from tho 
 north fliorc, in ij fathoms. Sandy Point now bore 
 S. by E. diftant four miles; Porpoifc Point N. N. W. 
 three leagues, and St. George's Iftand N. E. four 
 leagues. On the 24th, we fent the boat to CounA 
 between Elizabeth's and St. Bartholomew's Illands. 
 and found it a very good channel, with deep water. 
 On this occafion we law a number of Indians, who 
 hallooed to us from Elizabeth's Illand. Both the 
 men and women were of the middle lize, well niaelc, 
 and with fmooth black hair. Their complexion waa 
 olive-coloured, and their boilies were rubbed over 
 with red earth, mixed with greafe. They arc very 
 adivc and fwift of foot. Their cloathing confifts of 
 Ikins of feals, otters, and guanicoes, feweil together 
 in a piece about four feet fquarc, and wrapped round 
 their bodies. Tliey have likewife a cap made of the 
 fltins of fowls with the feathers on ; and upon their 
 feet were pieces of Ikins to anfwer the purpofc of 
 Ihocs : belides, fomc of the females had pieces of 
 Ikin faftcned round their waifts. The women how- 
 ever had no caps, but wore a kind of necklace formed 
 of Ihell*. Several of the men had nothing wrapped 
 round them, but were entirely naked. This day 
 the Commodore, accompanied by his fecond lieu- 
 tenant landed upon Sandy Point, where they found 
 plenty of wood, with exceeding good water, and for 
 four miles of their walk the lliore was very pleafant. 
 A fine level country is over the point, and the foil 
 to all appearance is extremely rich. The ground 
 was covered with dift'ercnt kinds of flowers, that 
 periiimed the air with their fragrance, among which, 
 where the bloflbms had been flicd, wc faw berries in- 
 numerable, even the grafs was intermixed with peas 
 in blolfom. In this luxuriant herbage, a multitude 
 of birds were feeding, which on account of their' un- 
 conamon beautiful plumage, wc called painted geefc. 
 In our walk from Sandy Point, which was more than 
 1 2 miles, wc faw no part of tlie Ihore w here a boar 
 could land without great danger, the water being 
 every where Ihoal, aiid the fea breaking verr high. 
 
 
CoMMODoRK HYKON's VOVA(ii:— lui u.akiii},' Oikovcrii-Mii ehc Sou nii kn t)i i .vn,.V.. .^5 
 
 In little rcttflci of the wmxl*, ami iil«a>» iumi- 10 
 frfrt* water, we difccvercd a «r(at niiinlKT <.[ wi(;- 
 wami. belonging to the Iniiuni, which h.ul Ikih 
 very lately oifupiLil. lor in lomc <»» tnc\u Uw iii« 
 were fcarcely cxtinnuiflu-d. I'knty ol nmU edcry, 
 nnd « variety of plant*, won- (iin m many plana, 
 the utility of which to iVanun in a Iomc vii)aj'c u w..l 
 known. Wc ntuinnl in the cvtnmn to the lliips 
 which wc fnuml at anchor in S.imly H.iv, m lol.uhon » 
 water, ami at the .lillance of about halt a inilc liniu 
 the fhorr. During our ahlincr, fonic ol our nan 
 were employed in hauling the feme, ami in thiee luuirt 
 had cuuRht a great quantity of (id), of an txtrnonlinary 
 fi7,ci among which were (ixty large nuilkt*. A IIkkk- 
 inK party had good fports lor the place abounds with 
 Beelc, teal, fnipcM. and other birdi. Thm txcdkiit 
 food was, cfpecially at thii time, very acceptable, lor 
 the keen air of this place had made our people lo hun- 
 crv, that they could have eaten three times their al- 
 lowance. By a good obfcrvation we found our latitude 
 to be 53 dec. 10 iiiin. S. 
 
 On 1'uefday the 25th, being Chriftmas-day, we 
 weirhi-d at eight o'cloik, A. M. and with little wind, 
 ftceild S. by K. along-lidj of theftiorc between two ami 
 three t iilei, hut had no founding with a line ot 40 la- 
 thanis. Kvcrv thing here was in the griateH perfec- 
 tion, \ itii n-lpeilt to the appearance ot the trees, and 
 the vmiuic ot the lands, whii h in ditVercni [)la( ts 
 aflord a u\o\\ enchanting prnl'pcftj and many parts 
 of the ll.ort have paflure for ilieep or cows, winch in 
 fuch Icnij; voyages arc generally on board. At this 
 lime rf the year, the fun is 1 7 hours above the horizon, 
 thcIV- .il.\mis bein;'liiiiattd neaily at the famediltamc 
 (Vi)iu liic equator, a^ the middle part of Crieat Britain, 
 only one to the fouth, and the other to the north. In 
 failing towarils the South Folc. the fame alteration is 
 found'as in Ihcring towards the north, till >ou run 
 between do and 70 degrees, when the weflcrly winds 
 generallv prevailing in the fouthcrn ocean, and blowing 
 \ -ry furioufly in the months of April, May, June, July. 
 Augull, and September, there is no probability of fail 
 ing round the cape in thcfe months, for which reafon 
 Ihips feldoin attempt it, unlefs in the proper fcafon. 
 At three P. M. we caft anchor in 18 fathoms water, 
 Sandy Point bearing N N. W. three leagues, and the 
 fouth point of Frelh Water Bay, S. E. half E. two 
 miles. The tide here runs very (low, but rifes confider- 
 ably by the (horc, where we obfervcd it to flow 1 6 feet. 
 The land here is diverfified with woods, and abounds 
 ■with water: in fome places it rifes very high, and is 
 covered with perpetual fnow. On the 26th we 
 weighed, ami fteered S. S. E. for Port Famine. The 
 northernmort point, called St. Anne's, at noon, bore 
 S. by E. half E. diftant three leagues. A reef of rocks 
 funs out from this ]■ nt S. E. by E. about two miles; 
 and the water wi.i fuddenly fhoal from 60 to 20 
 fathoms, at the ditlancc of two cables length from 
 the reef. The point itlelf is very fteep, and care mull 
 be taken in (landing into Port Famine, for the water 
 fhoal< very fuddenly, and at more than a mile from the 
 Ihore there is but nine feet water, whci} the tide is out. 
 Soundings will loon be got by hauling clofc round St. 
 Anne's Point -, but when there is no more than feven 
 fathoms, it will not be fafe to go farther in. 
 
 On Thurfday the 27th, wc anchored at noon in Port 
 Famine. Our fituation was extremely eligible, for we 
 were fhcltered from all winds, except the S. ii. which 
 feldom blows, and was a fhip to be (".t' ven on fliore in the 
 bottom of the bay, the could not rfcei\»" any damage, for 
 it is all fine foft ground. In this harbour may be 
 found a coniiderable quantity of excellent wood, either 
 green or dry, the latter lying along the fliore on both 
 lides the flraits, which arc alinou covered with the 
 trees that have been blown down fVom the banks, and 
 drifted by the high winds. Thcfe trees are fomcwhat 
 like our birch, but arc of fo confidcrabie a fize, that the 
 thinks of fome of them are two feet and a half in di- 
 ameter, and 60 feet in length. Marly of thcfe were 
 cut down for our carpenter's ufe, who found, that when 
 properly dried, they were very fcrviceabic, though not 
 No, 27. 
 
 lit tor itiall«. A* to ilril't wood, there i> a quantity 
 fuHii iint to have t'urnillicd A thoul.iml fail. 
 
 Port laiiiine obtained it.t name lioiii a party of 
 Si)aniariU, who had plantci) a colony on the tlicirc i but 
 tor waiuofn regular limply of provilions, were ll.iivrd 
 to death. There are Itill fome rcin.niis of biiiklii';.M, 
 tliough they arc now alinoll lovircil with earth. Ui- 
 law them on a hill, that hai been i Icarcd of woikI, and 
 which i< not far t'lomwiure our lliip'> lay. The river 
 Sjilgcr tlifchargcs itillf into the bay. This river ii 
 about half a ealile length broad at ih.' intram e, ami i < 
 jiill navigable liir boats. In going into it wc im t with 
 two lilts. o;ic on the ll.ub.ind-liJi', anil the nthcr on 
 the larboard, which we ilileoverctl at halUbbi tlud- 
 render it fomewhat ililiiciilt to go iip the nvcr, exiept 
 after halt' flood, when it may be nivi|Mied withgre.it 
 pleafure and cafe, b;, keeping in the niidill/ of the 
 channel. About twomiUs up the river it is not above 
 ■JO yards over, at which place »e found on our righ', 
 a line gravelly Ihep beach, fo tint the boats had 
 the convenience of coming along-tiile of it. in ou)( r 
 to receive the water in calks, ulii(liv\e found to hi.' 
 excellent. The Commodore, w iih a party, went up the 
 river four miles, but could proieed no faitlur. the 
 trees which had tallen ai ro(s the llnain imptdirg 
 the boat's way ; one of the Humps of tJKni bavin;; made 
 a hole in her bottom, llie wai Immediati!)' till d with 
 water J but, with dillicultv iluv liaiiled lior on Hon-, 
 and contrived to flop the the leak, lo that they iiuule a 
 Ihift to return in her to the lliip. 'I'his river ha.^ per- 
 haps as beautiful an appcaiaiice as it is polljblc f'oi the 
 moll luxuriant lam y to coi'.ceive. Its a^jrecahlc wiiul- 
 ini;s arc vaiious ; and on each (ide is a line grovi; ot 
 (lately trees, whofe lofty heads jut over the river; ai.d 
 lorm a plcafant thade. .Some of them aic of a >;rea' 
 height, and more than eight feet in diameier, whieh is 
 proportionably more than eight yaids in Lircumference ; 
 fo that foui^men joining hamls could not compa's 
 them ; among others, we law the pepp«r-tree, or 
 winter's-bark, in great plenty. To coiiij)lcte this de- 
 lightful fpot, the wild notes of dill'ercnt kind ot birds 
 are heard on all tides, and the aromatic fmel! of the 
 various forts of flowers which adorn its banks, feem to 
 unite in gratifying the fenicsof the inchanted (I ranger. 
 The flowers with which in many places the ground is 
 covered, are not inferior to thi fe that are commonly 
 found in our gardens, either in bfauty or fragrance. 
 Such arc the charms which nature has laviflicd on a 
 fpot, where the Indians alone can behold its beautici; 
 while they arc pro'-sably infenfible of thole attrading 
 fcenes, which perfonsof the moll improved tafle might 
 contemplate with no fmall pleafure ; and were it not 
 for the fevcrity of the cold in winter, this country, by 
 cultivation, might be made the finell in the world. 
 The leaves of the trees, the dimenlions of whole trunks 
 wc have already noticed, refemble thofe of our bay-trees. 
 The rind is grey on the outfide and pretty thick. Thin 
 is the true winter's bark, animc which it obtained from 
 its being brought in the year 1567, from the Straits of 
 Magellan, by Mr. William Winter. This bark, on 
 being taken off the tree and died, turns to the colour 
 of chocolate. It has an acrid, burning, pungent tatlc, 
 and is cftcemcd an excellent remedy againll the llurvy. 
 It is, however, extremely fragrant, and the tree, when 
 ftanding, has a ftrong aromatic fmell. Wc frequent- 
 ly made ufe of the bark on board our fliip in pies, in- 
 Itead of pepper, and being flceped in water it gives a 
 very agreeable flavour. 1 htfe trees are likcwife found 
 in the woods, in many other places in the ftraits, and 
 alfo on the call and w efl: coafts of Patagonia. 1 he land 
 in the woods, in fome places, coniifls of gravel, in 
 others of fand, and in others of good brown earth ; bur 
 old fallen trees and underwood obftrud the palTage 
 through them. Thefc woods near the Ihore, extend 
 up the fides of very high hills, but the mountains 
 further within land rife much higher, and their barren 
 rugged fummits covered with fnow, arc feen peeping 
 over the hills next the ftiorc. Indeed, the land on each 
 fide the ftiore rifes to a great height, particularly en 
 ,the ifland of Terra del Fuego, on the fouth-flde of the 
 3 ^ ftraits. 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
226 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m p l i. i 
 
 I 
 
 -ftraits, where there arc high barren rocks covered with 
 cverlafting fnow. Thcfc hav^ ii black dreary afpcift, 
 and iiiuft have a confidcrablc inHuence on the air, 
 w hich ihify render cold and iTlotd. This evidently ap- 
 peared even while wc were there, though this was 
 their niidfummer, when every thing muft nalturaliy be 
 in the highcfl perfedlion. But notwithdanding the 
 weatlKT, when the fun (hone out, was very wann, yet 
 it was unfettled, and wc had frequently heavy rain 
 and thick focks. In the woods arc innumerable par- 
 rots, artd other birds of the mod beautiful plumage. 
 W'c fhot every day gcefe and CiUcks enough to fcrve 
 the Commodore's table, and that of feveral others: 
 we had, indeed, plenty of frefli provifions of all kinds, 
 particularly fifh, of which wc caught fuch numbers as 
 lupplicd our men three times a week. Wc muft not 
 omit here, that we faw many Indian huts, built with 
 fmall branches of trees, and covered with leaves and 
 mud, but we never met with a (inglc inhabitant. The 
 country between this and Cape Forward, which is dif^- 
 tant about three leagues, is exceeding line : the foil ap- 
 pears to be very rich, and there arc no Icfs than three 
 pretty large rivers, bclides many brooks. While we 
 continued in this port, the Commodore and a party 
 went one day to Cape Forward. Upon fetting out we 
 intended to have gone farther ; but the rain having fell 
 very heavy, we were glad to flop at the Cape, and make 
 a good fire to dry our clothes. The Indians had de- 
 
 parted fo lately from this place, that the wood, which 
 lay half burnt, was ftill warm. Soon after our fire was 
 kindled, we perceived another on the Terra del Fucgo 
 fliore, a lignal, probably, which we did not undcrllaiid. 
 The rain having abated, we walked over the cape, and 
 found the ftrait to run about W. N. W. The hills at 
 far as wc could fee, were of an immenfe height, very 
 craggy, and covered with fnow from the very bafe up- 
 wards. The Commodore having ordered a tent to be 
 ere(5ted on tiie borders of a wood, and near a rivulet, 
 three feamen were ftationed there to walh linen, and 
 they lay in the tent. One evening, foon after they had 
 retired to reft, they were awakened by the deep and 
 hollow roarings of fome wild beafts, which approached 
 nearer every mometit. Terrified with apprehenfions 
 of being devoured, they made and kept up a blazing 
 fire, round which the beafts walked at a fmall diU 
 tancc till dawn of day, when they retired. Wc did 
 not credit this ftory, for the relators could not tell us 
 what kind of beafts they faw, only they were very large; 
 yet it muft be acknowledged, that, at different times, 
 when on fliore, we tracked many wild beafts in the 
 fand, but never faw one. And as wc were returning 
 through the woods, we found two very large fkulls, 
 which, by the tetth, appeared to have belonged to 
 fome beafts of prey, but of w hat kind we could not 
 guefs. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 II. 
 
 !-l 
 
 The Dolphin and Tamar fleer back from Port Fumiinc iti /eanl- ./ Falkland's Ijhnds — Airiir at Port Egtnont — 01- 
 /(Tiiitions en this port and the adjacent country — Ran jrom Falkland's Ijlands to Pert Dcjire, r.iid ihrougb the Straits of 
 Mai^ellan as far as Cape Monday — The Florida florefbip happily difcovered — Aftraiigefail makes her appearance, and 
 fhllkvs the Dolphin, u-bich proved to ie the F.agle, commanded ly M. BongainvilU' — A defrtptiontf difjercnt parts of 
 the Straits — Paffage from Cape Monday into the Sontb Sea — Tbe Dolphin in a cynical filiation — Ohfervations on 
 'Tiiifda\ Bay— Enters the Pacific Ocean — And touches at Mafa-Fuero — Olfervations on this Ijland. 
 
 ^ WJ^ began this New-year in Port 
 A. D. 17^5. yY pamine, where wc enjoyed every 
 blclllrig, which after fo long a voyage we had reafonto 
 cxped. Wc had fifti, wood, and water, in abundance : 
 both our fliip and the Tamar were in good condition, 
 and the fuccefs of our voyage, with the continued 
 kindncfs of our Commodore, kept our men in high 
 fpirits. Having compleated the wood and water of 
 bothfliips, and provided every neceflary that was wanted, 
 on Friday the 4th of January, we weighed, and fet 
 fail from Port Famine, ftanding over to the Ifland of 
 Terra del Fuego, where wc faw great quantities of 
 finoke fifing from different quarters, which we lup- 
 pofcd to be raifed by various parties of Indians. The 
 intention of the Commodore was now to ftccr back 
 again in fcarch of Falkland's Iffands. With this view 
 on the £th, we held on our courfc N. W. by N. four 
 leagues, and then three leagues north, between Eliza- 
 beth and Bartholomew Iflands, after which we fteered 
 N. E. half E. from the fecond narrow to the firft, be- 
 ing a run of eight leagues. We proceeded through 
 the firft narrow againft the flood -, but the tide of flood 
 fetting ftrong to fouthward, drove the fliip dircdly 
 towards the fouth ftiorc, which might have proved of 
 faul confequence to the fliip; for as we were under 
 a very high rocky cliflT in 50 fathoms water, if there 
 had hi ipcncd a fudden fquall of wind, wc muft have 
 been inevitably loft : however, the flood fet us back 
 again into the entrance of the firft narrow, and we caft 
 anchor in 40 fathom, within two cables length of the 
 ftiore. On the 6th, at one o'clock, A. M. we weighed, 
 and had a pleafant northerly breeze with the tibe ofcbb ; 
 but this breeze pjon abating, the tide fet the fliip to the 
 N. W. and at five flic took the groilnd on a fand 
 bank of 15 feet, which reduced us to no fmall ex- 
 tremity ; but providentially, in about half an hour, 
 ftie fwung by the force of the tide into deeper water. 
 This ftioal, not mentioned by any former navigators, 
 
 is very dangerous, as it lies diredly in the track be 
 tween Cape Virgin Mary and the firft narrow, and juft 
 in the middle bcwccn the nonh and fouth n.orcsi 
 It is more than two leagues long, equally broad, and 
 in many places very ftccp ; fo that fliouitl a ft.ip ground 
 upon it in a hard gale of wind, llie would probably 
 foon be beat to pieces. When w c were upon this bank. 
 Point PoircfTien bore N. E. diftant three leagues, and 
 the entrance of the narrow S. VV^ diftant two leagues. 
 About fix o'clock, A. M. we anchored, and at noon 
 worked with the ebb tide lill two, but finding the 
 water ftioal, we came again to anchor, about half a 
 mile from the fouth-ftde of the bank : at which time 
 the Aflcs Fjirs bore N. W. by W. diftant fourlcagues; 
 On the 7th, about eight o'clock, A. M. we weighed 
 and fteered about halt a mile S. E. by E. \\'e now 
 got our boats out, and towed the fliip into the dcepcft 
 water in the fouth channel s by which means wc an- 
 chored in 14 fathoms, the tide of flood making ftrong 
 againft us ; and then being for the diftance of iialf a 
 mile round us cncompailbd with ftioals, that had only 
 eight feet water, we fent our boat to found, in order la 
 find a channel ; and after being difappointcd more 
 than once, we at length weighed for thelaft time, and 
 left the coaft. 
 
 On Tuefday the 8th, by obfcrvatlon we found our- 
 felves in latitude 51 dcg. 50 min. We now brought 
 to for the Tamar, who had come through the north 
 channel, and was fome leagues aftcrn of us. This day 
 we had ftrong gales from the weftward : and in the 
 forenoon a moft violent fquall of wind which fprung 
 our main-maft, but effedual methods were taken im- 
 mediately by our carpenter to fecure it. On the 9th, 
 wc were in latitude 52 deg. 8 min. S. and in 68deg. 
 31 min. W. longitude, at which time Cape Virgin 
 Mary bore S. 83 deg. W. diftant 33 leagues. On 
 the 1 0th, our courfe was N. 18 W. for 13 leagues 1 
 •nd Qur latitude 51 deg. 31 rain. S. longitude 68 deg. 
 
 44 min. 
 
Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for makihg Difcovcries in the Southern OceAn,&c. ^27 
 
 ve could not 
 
 44 mill. VV. On the iith, our courfc wasN. 87 E. 
 for J3 leagues. Cape Virgin Mary bore S, 73 dc^i 
 8 mill. W. and Cape Fairweather W. 2 dcg. S. Thi.s 
 day we had llrong gales at S. W. accompanied with a 
 great fca. In the evening we cfpicd land, but our 
 tonfort being fome leagues aftern, we wore Ihip, and 
 made an caly fail off. On the 1 2th, at day break, we 
 Hood in again, and at four o'clocic recovered fight of 
 the land a-head, which was taken for Dc Wcrti Iflands, 
 and at the fame time wc faw other land to the fouth, 
 which appeared to be a conlidcrable nun\bcr of iflands 
 near each other, fome of them fceming very low, and 
 almoii even with the furfacc of the water, and which 
 we judged to be what are called in the charts New 
 Iflands. Intending to ftand in between thefe, wc found 
 the land which appeared to be unconnedcd, was joined 
 by fome low ground, and formed a deep bay. When 
 hauling out of this wc difcovered a long low reef of 
 rocks, ftretching out for more than a league to the 
 northward of us, and another between that, and what 
 wc had taken for the northermoft of De Wcrts Iflands. 
 This land confifts chiefly of mountainous and barren 
 rocks, except the low part, which is not fecn till you 
 approach near it, and the whole has very much the ap- 
 pearance of Staten Land. Birds and feais abound here, 
 and wi; faw large whales fpouting roun 1 the Ihip. 
 When wc were near enough to dilcern the low land, 
 wc found ourfelves wholly embayed, anJ had it blown 
 hard at S. W. fo high a fca mult have rolled in, as 
 would have made it impofTiblc to keep c!:;ir of the 
 ftiore ; wc mention thefe particulars, that all fliips may 
 hereafter avoid falling into this bay. At noon we 
 obfervcd in latitude 51 deg. 27 min. S. and in 6j dcg. 
 54 min. W. longitude. 
 
 On Sunday the 13th of January, at day-break, we 
 flood in for the north part of the ilbnd by the 
 coaft of which wc had been embayed. Being about a 
 knguc to the eallward, it fell calm, and poured down 
 toiVtnts of rain, after which a moll uncomnjon fwell 
 cimc from the wcftward, and ran fo high, and with 
 fuch velocity, that we expedted every moment it would 
 let us very faft towards the (horc, as dangerous as any 
 in the world, and we could fee the furge breaking at 
 Ibme diftance from it mountains high ; very fortunately 
 for us a frefli gale fprung up at S. E. with which, to 
 our great joy, wc were able to ftand off, and we would 
 advife every one, who may hereafter come this way, to 
 give the ncrth part of this ifland a gcxxl birth. We 
 now brought to in latitude ft dcg. S. and in 6;{ dcg. 
 22 min. VV. longitude. 
 
 Monday the 1 4th, we difcovered a flat ifland covered 
 ^ith^ufts of grafs as large as bufties. We continued 
 our courfe along the ftiore fix leagues farther, and then 
 faw a low rocky ifland, bearing S. E. by E. and diftant 
 about three leagues from the land wc were coafting, 
 which here forms a very deep bay, and bears E. by N. 
 of the other ifland on which had been feen the long 
 tufrs of grafs. During the night wc ftood off and on, 
 and on the 1 5th, at three o'clock, A. M. we ftood in 
 tx)wards the land, and hoiftcd out our boats to found. 
 Thefe were gone till noon, when they returned with 
 the agreeable news of having found a fine convenient 
 (v.u , entirely fecurc from the fiiry of the winds, with its 
 c<itrance lying to the northward. Thcltnd is on each 
 fulc very high, and the entrance, which is half a mile 
 bnvid, not in the leall dangerous, there being nothing 
 ro obliruiit the paffage, and the depth is from fcvctl to 
 I < fathoms, *ith foft muddy ground. The fhore of 
 this bay is not encoinpaffcd with funken rocks orfands; 
 nor is there the leaft danser in approaching it. In 
 pilling on the ftarboard-fide, many fine fmall bays and 
 harbours open to the view, and to the third of thefe, 
 which we entered, and found of great extent, the name 
 vas given of Port Eginont, in honour of the right 
 honourable the earl of Egmont, firlt lord of the Ad- 
 miralty, under wnofe direiflion this voyage was princi- 
 pally undertalen. The mouth of it is S. E. diftant 
 Ibvcn league* from the low rocky ifland, which is a 
 good mark to know it by. At the diftance of about 
 two miles from i;ic fljore, there is abbut eighteen 
 3 
 
 fathoms water; and about three leagues to the wcfl- 
 wardof the harbour, there is a remarkable white fandy 
 beach, off which a fliipmay anchor till there is an op- 
 portunity to run in. Wc moored in 10 fathoms, with 
 fine holding ground. This harbour is (6 commodious, 
 that wc thinK it proper to give a particular difcription 
 of that and the adjacent country. 
 
 Port l<"gmont is furioiindcd by a nngc of iflands, 
 perfectly disjoined, and each placed in a convenient and 
 agreeable fitiiation. There are three different pdffages 
 into this port, one from the S. W. anoth«r from tlic 
 N. E. and the third fidm the S. E. and this lalt we 
 found capable of receiving a fliip of the greatcft burthen. 
 This harbour is of fuch capacity, As to be able to con- 
 tain the whole royal navy of England, which might lie 
 here in perfedl fecurity. As the adjacent country has 
 all the requifites for a good fettlemeiit, it is probable, 
 that was it added to the crown of Great Britain, it 
 would in time become a moll flnurifliina fpot. Thdre 
 are here many cafcades of water, which arc fo con- 
 veniently lituated, that by bringing caflcs along-fide 
 the fliorc, many of them may be Riled at once. One 
 inconvenience, however, attends this place, which is 
 that there are no trees; but this is of fmall c'bnfequcncc ; 
 for in the proper feafon of the year, young trees might 
 eafily be brought through the ftraits to thefe iflands, 
 w here there is no doubt but they would grow and prof- 
 per. On our firft arrival we fowed the feeds of turnips, 
 radiflies, lettuces, &c. and before we left the harbour 
 many of them began to fpring up very faft, and we 
 have fince heard, that fome perfons who arrived here 
 after our departure, eat of thofc roots and falad. 
 It mult however be acknowledged, that the wheat 
 which we alfo fowed, being put into the ground at an 
 improper fenfon, though it fprang up, did not comtf 
 to perfection. This we learnt from a perfcn who Idtcly 
 came from hence in one of his Majefty's fliips of 
 war. The pafture ground of this ifland is fo rich, that 
 the grafs rofe as high as our breafts, which rendered our 
 walking rather troublcfoirc. Wc cut down great 
 quantities of it for the ufc of our flieep. It is not to 
 be doubted, but that was this country to be properly 
 examined, many valuable difcovcries might be made 
 with rcfpcOit to its vegetables and minfrals; for upon a 
 flight furvey of the hills, we found a kind of iron ore, 
 and have (bine reafon to believe, that if an cxactfcrutiny 
 was made, otiier ores might be found of greater value. 
 On our firlt going on fhote, the water fide was entirely 
 covered on every fide with different kinds of birds, 
 of very beautiful colours, and fo tame, that in lefs than 
 half an hour we knocked dowh as many as we could 
 conveniently carry away in our boats ; particularly 
 white and pairited gecfe, a great number of penguins, 
 cape hens, and other fowls. Thofe which wc called 
 painted gecfe, were nearly of the fize Of «urs, only of i 
 difl'erent colour, having a ring of green feathers on 
 the body, and fpots on diH'eicnt parts, with yellow legs. 
 A ftranger would fcarcely forbear fmiling at this time 
 upon feeing our ftiip, for never was any ftiop in Leaden- 
 hall-markct fo plentifully fupplied with poultry, and 
 the men in every part were bufily employed in picking 
 them. As by experience we found they had a ftrong 
 talle from their feeding upon fea-weeds, finall fifli, and 
 particuiaily limpits, of which there are great plenty as 
 large as oyftcrs, we found out a new method of drcfling 
 them, which rendered even thefe fowls extremely palata- 
 ble ; fo that we had as much provifions, and of the niceft 
 forts, as we could delirc. The method v\ c purfucd, was 
 by cutting them into pieces over night, and letting them 
 lie in falt-water till the next day, and after being thus 
 purged by lying in foak, we ma^'.e them, with a fufficicnt 
 quantity of flour, into pics. B\.i.des thefe fowls, w c met 
 with a prodigious quantity of ducks, fnipes, teal, plover, 
 fmall birds, and frefli-v.atcr gecfe, which laft, living 
 entirely by the frefii ponds, have a moft delicious taftc, 
 and are not inferior to thofe we are accuftomed to eat 
 in England. They are entirely White except their legs. 
 We frequently fent two of our men in fcarch of them, 
 who were fure to bring home half a dozen, or more, 
 which they found a fufiicicnt load being not a little en- 
 cumbered 
 
 'l?}f 
 
 I* 1 
 
 
 ( M 
 
i 
 
 Vii» 
 
 p. 
 
 t 
 
 1 1 
 
 ^filii 
 
 228 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m p l e t k. 
 
 1 
 
 cumbered by the height of the grafs. \Vc found alfo 
 a great number of feals, fome of them very large, and 
 fevcral men were employed on fhorc, at a place we 
 called Blubber's Bay, from the number of thofc animals 
 we killed, for their oil : for when boiled they yielded a 
 fufficient quantity of it for the (liips companies to burn 
 in lamps, while the men prefcrved their (kins for wailt- 
 coats, and other ufes. We were not furprifcd at meet- 
 ing with fuch a great number of feals, when we after- 
 wards found that they had fonietimcs 1 8 or more, at a 
 litter. Sea-lions of a prodigious fue are alfo found on 
 the coafb. The Conunodore was once unexpededly 
 attacked by one of thcfe, and extricated himfelf from 
 the impending danger with great difficulty. We had 
 many battles with this ami)hiDious animal, the killing 
 one of which was frequently an hour's work for fix men : 
 one of them almoft tore to pieces the Commodore's 
 madriffdog bya iingle bite. The maftcr having been 
 fent to found the coall, four very fierce animals ran 
 after the boat's crew till they were up to the middle 
 in water, and having no fire-arms, they were obliged to 
 put off from the iliore. The next day the Commodore 
 and his party faw a fea-lion of an enormous fize, and 
 the crew being well armed inllantly engaged him. 
 While they were thus employed, one of the other ani- 
 mals ported towards thorn ; but a ball being inftantly 
 lodged in his body, he was foon difpatched. Five of 
 thcfc creatures were killed in their attempts tofcize the 
 nien, whom they always purfued the moment they got 
 fight of them. They were of a mixed fiiapc, between 
 a wolf and a fox, moll like the latter, but of the fize of 
 the former. They burrow in the ground like a tox, 
 feed on feals and penguins, and are very numerous on 
 the coaft. The failors, in order to be rid of fuch dif- 
 agreeable intruders, fet fire to the grafs, which burnt 
 fo rapidly, that the country was all in a blaze for a few 
 days, and thefeanimals were feen running to feck flielter 
 from the fury of the flames. On the north-fide of this 
 harbour is the principal illand, to which we frequently 
 went on fhorc, on account of its fituation, and the fine 
 profpcct it afibrdcd from a prodigious high hill, which 
 cannot be afcendcd without difficulty ; but on gaining 
 the funmiit, the great fatigue of afccnding it, is fully 
 rccompcnccd, by the delightful view it commands of 
 the Ihips at anchor, with every part of the harbour; of 
 the three pafl'agcs into Port Egmont, the fea which 
 furrounds you on every fide ; and all the adjacent iflands, 
 w hich are upwards of fifty, fmall and great, all of which 
 appeared covered with verdure. Whilcvwe lay in this 
 iwrbour the crew breakfafted on portable-foup and 
 V ild celer)-, thickned with oatmeal, which made a very 
 nutritive niefs. 
 
 On Wedncfday the 23d, the Commodore, with the 
 Captains of the Dolphin and Tamar, and the principal 
 ofticers went on fliore, where the Union Jack being 
 erected on a high fiaft", and fpread, the Commodore 
 took pofieirion of this harbour, and all the neighbouring 
 iflands, for his .\l.-ijefty king George the third^ his heirs 
 and fucccfibrs, by the name of Falkland's Klands. The 
 colours were no fooner fpread, than a falute was fired 
 from the lliip. Our feamcn were very merry on the 
 occaiion, a large bowl of arrack punch being carried 
 on Ihore, out of which they drank, among many other 
 loafts, Succefs to the difcovcry of fo fine a harbour. It 
 was the opinion of the honourable Commodore Byron, 
 that thefe iflands, arc the^fame land to which Cowley 
 f5;i\e the name of Pcpys's Ifland, and as the Commodore 
 iecnis not to entertain a doubt in his own mind wc 
 Hull lay before our readers, the reafons he has been 
 pieafed to give the public in fupporc of his opi- 
 nion. 
 
 " In the printed account of Cowley's voyage" (ob- 
 fiives Conunodorc Byron) he fays, "Wc held our 
 lourfe S. W. till we came into the latitude of 47 deg. 
 where we faw land, the fame being ar> ifland, not before 
 known, lyinp to the well ward of us: it was not inhabited, 
 and 1 gave it the name of Pcpys's Ifland. Wc found' 
 it a very commodious place for fliips to water at, and 
 t.ikc In wood, and it has a very good harbour, where a 
 tho.iland fail of Ihips mayfafcly ride. Here is great 
 
 plenty of fowls, and, we judge, abundance of fifti, by 
 reafon of the grounds being nothing but rocks and 
 fands." To this account there is annexed a reprefen- 
 tation of Pcpys's Illand, in which names arc given to 
 fcveral points and head lands, and the harbour is called 
 Admiralty Bay ; yet it appears that Cowley had only a 
 diflant viewof it, tor ht immediately adds, " rhe wind 
 being fo extraordinary high that we could not get into 
 it to water, we flood to the fouthuard, fliapin;; our 
 courfeS.S. W. till we came into the latitude of 53 dcf;." 
 and though he fays, that •• it was commodious to take 
 in wooil," and it is known that there is no wood on Falk- 
 land's Iflands, Pepys's Ifland and Falkland's Illand 
 may, notwithllanding, be the fame; for upon I'alkland's 
 Iflandsthere are immenfe quantities of flags with narrow 
 leaves, reeds, and ruflies, which grow in clulU-rs, fo a.'* 
 to form buflics about three feet high, and then ihwz 
 about fix or feven feet higher: thefe at a dillance have 
 greatly the appearance of wood, and were taken tor 
 wood by the French who landed there in the year i76.f, 
 as appears by Pernetty's account of their voyage. It 
 has been fuggefted, that the latitude of Pep)s's Illand 
 might, in the manufcript from which the account ot 
 Cowley's voyage was printed, be rxprcflcd in ligures, 
 which if ill made, might equ.illy rcl'emblc 47 and 5 1 ; 
 and therefore as there is no ifland ir thcfc (l-as in lati- 
 tude 47, and as Falkland's Iflands he nearly in 51, that 
 51 might reafonably beconcludcdtobeth nun.bcr tcr 
 which the figures were intended to fland : rccourfe 
 therefore was had to the Britifh Mufcum, and a manu- 
 fcript journal of Cowley's was there found. In this 
 manufcript no mention is made of an illand not hetbri; 
 known, to which he gave the name of Pe{)ys's Illand, 
 but land is meniioned in latitude 47 deg. joiiiiii. ex- 
 prefl'ed in words at length, which exactly anfwers to 
 the dcfcription of what is called Pepys's Ifland in the 
 printed account, and which here, he fays, he fiippofed 
 to be the Iflands of Sebald de Wert. 1 his part of the 
 manufcript is in the following words : " January 1683, 
 This month wee were in the latitude of .^.7 deg. and 
 40 min. where weeefpied an ifland bearing weft from us, 
 wee having the wind at N. E. wee bore away for it, it 
 being too late for us to goeonflioare, wee lay by all night. 
 The ifland fecmed very pleafant to the eye, with many 
 woods. I may as well lay, the whole land was woods. 
 There being a rock lying above water to the eafl ward 
 of it, where were an innumerable company of fowles, 
 being of the bigneile of a fmall goofe, v hich fow les 
 would ftrike at our men as they were aloft : fome of 
 them wee killed and eat : they feemcd to us very good, 
 only tailed fomewhat fifhiy. 1 iailed along that iilancl 
 to the fouthward, and about the S. W. fide of the ifland 
 there feem;d to me to bea good place for fliipps to ride; 
 I would have had the boat out to have gone into the 
 harbour, but the wind blew frcfli, and they would not 
 agree to go with it. Sailing a little further, keeping 
 the lead, and having 26 and 27 fathoms water, until 
 wee came to a place, where wee faw the weeds ride,having 
 the lead againe found but feavcn fathoms water. Fear- 
 ing danger went about the fliipp there, were then feare- 
 full to flay by the land any longer, it being all rocky 
 ground, but the harbour feemed to be a good place for 
 fliipps to ride there; in the ifland fceming likcwife to 
 have water enough; there feemed to me to be harbour 
 for 5CK) faile of (hipps. The going in but narrow, and 
 the north-fide of the entrance fliallow water that I could 
 fee, but I verily believe that there is water enough tor 
 for any ftiipp to goe in on the fouth-fidc, for there can- 
 not be fo great a lack of water, but mult needs fcow re 
 a channell away at the cbbe deepe enough for fliipping 
 to goe in. I would have had them flood upon a 
 wind all night, but they told me thc-y were not come 
 out to go upon difcovcry. Wee faw likcwife another 
 ifland by this that night, which made me thipk them 
 the Sibblc D'wards. The fame night wc fleered our 
 courfe againe W. S. W. which was out our S. W. the 
 conipafle having two and twenty degrees variation cafler- 
 ly. Keeping that courfe till wc came in the latitude of 
 three and fifty degrees." 
 
 In both the printed and manufcript account, 
 
 this land is faid to lie in latitude forty-lcvcn, to Ic 
 
 I liicatcd 
 
Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 229 
 
 f. 
 
 fituated to the woftward of the Ihip when firll difco- 
 vered, to appear woody, to have an harbour where a 
 rreat number of (hipi might ride in fafcty, and to be 
 .'rcqucnted by innumerable birda. It appears alio by 
 both accounts, that the weather prevented his going 
 on ftiore, and that he fteered from it weft-fouth-weft, 
 till he came into latitude fifty -three: there can there- 
 fore be 4ittlc doubt but that Cowley gave the name of 
 Prpys's ifland after he came home, to what he really 
 fuppofcd to be the iiland of Sebald de Wert, for which 
 it IS not difficult to aflign feveral rcafons; and th-.ugh 
 the fuppofition of a miftake of the figures does not 
 appear to be well grounded, yet, there being no land 
 in forty.feven. the evidence that what Cowley faw was 
 Falkland's idands, is very llrong. The defcription of 
 the country agrees in almoft every particular, and even 
 the map is of the fame general figure, with a llrait 
 running up the middle. The two principal illands have 
 been probably called Falkland's iflands by Strong, 
 about the year 1689, as he is known to have given the 
 name of Falkland's found to part of the llrait which 
 divides them. The journal of this navigator is ftiU 
 unprinted in the Britifti Mufeum. The firll who faw 
 thcfe iflands is fuppofcd to be Captain Davics, the af- 
 fpciatc of Cavcndifh ini692. In 1594, Sir Richard 
 Hawkins faw land, fuppofcd to be the fame, and in ho- 
 nour of his miftrefs. Queen Elizabeth, called them 
 Hawkins's Maiden Land. Long afterwards they were 
 feen by fome French fhipsfrom St. Maloes, and Fre- 
 2icr, probably for that reafon, called them the Ma- 
 louins, a name which has been fince adopted by the 
 Spaniards." So much for the difpute concerning the 
 difcovery of thefe celebrated iflands, which the Spa- 
 niards now enjoy unmolefted, while to England only 
 remains the empty honour of having dilcovered, ex- 
 plored, and given them a name. 
 
 Wc had now completed our watering, furveycd the 
 harbour of Port %mont, and provided every neccfTary 
 for our departure. This evening the fmith came on 
 board, he having been employed on fhore, in nuking 
 and repairing iron work for the ufc of the ihip. We 
 continued in the harbour till Sunday the 27th, when, at 
 eight o'clock, A. M. we left Port Egmont, and failed 
 with the wind at fouth-fouth-wcft. But we were 
 fcarccly out at fea, when it began to blow hard, and 
 the weather became fo extremely hazy, that we could 
 not fee the rocky iflands. We now moft heartily wiflied to 
 be fafe anchored in Egmont harbour; but, contrary to 
 our expedations, in a Ihort time the weather cleared up, 
 though it blew a hard gale all the day. At ten o'clock, 
 after having run along the (bore ealt, about five leagues, 
 we faw a remarkable nead-land, which was named Cape 
 Tamar. Five leagues farther we pafTed a rock, and 
 called it Ediftone. We now failed between this and 
 another head-land, to which was given the name of 
 Cape Dolphin, in the dircdion of eaft-north-eafl, five 
 leagues farther. The diftance from Cape Tamar to 
 Cape I>)lphin, is about eight leagues, and from its 
 having the appearance of a found, it was called Carltfle 
 Sound, though it is fince known to be the northern en- 
 trance of the ftrait between the two principal iflands. 
 Wc fteered from Cape Dolphin along the fliorceafl, half 
 north, to a low flat cape, or head-land, and then brought 
 to. During the courfe of this day, the land we faw was all 
 downs, having neither trees nor buflies, but large tufts of 
 grafs in various places. It may not be improper here to 
 take notice,that as in moft of the charts of Patagonia, an 
 ifland is defcribed by the name of Pepys's iiland, as 
 hath already been mentioned, where travellers have 
 alll-rted, that they have feen trees in abundance, and 
 many rills of water; but that after feveral attempts in 
 the latitude where it was faid to be difcovered, no ifland 
 nor any founding could be found ; in juftice to the 
 pretended difcovercrs of that and other imaginary 
 Illands, we here beg leave again to obferve, that they 
 probably had no intention to deceive, for on this coaft, 
 w lure you meet with frequent gales of wind, and thick 
 tofrgy weather, wc found th<Lbanksof fogs were apt to 
 (Id live even an accurate oblerver, and make him mif* 
 t.ikc them for land. Thus wc ouricWcs have frequently 
 No. iy. 
 
 imagined, that we faw land very near; but fuddenly a 
 breeze of wind fpringing up, our fuppofcd land dif.« 
 appeared, though we did not think ourfclves above a 
 league and a half from it, and convinced us of our mif> 
 take by opening to our view an unbounded profpedt. So 
 caflly does the mind of man, when fet on one particular 
 object, form to itfelf chimerical notions of its darling 
 purfuit, and when harralTed, as we will fuppofc, by the 
 diftrefTcs that frequently attend an entcrpnze of this na- 
 ture, make an imaginary L.'zovery of land, where no- 
 thing but a thick fog, and a vaft extent of fea, are to 
 be found. 
 
 On Monday the 28th, at four o'clock, A. M. wc made 
 fail, and fteered eaft-fouth-eaft, and fouth-fouth-eaft 
 to two low rocky iflands, about a mile from the main; 
 and to a deep found between thefc, we gave the name 
 of Berkley 's Sound. About four miles to the fouthward 
 of the fouth point of this found, the fea breaks very 
 high, on fome rocks that appear above water. The 
 coaft now wore a dangerous afped ; rocks and breakers 
 being at a conflderablc diftance from the fhore, and in 
 all dtredlioDS, and the country appeared barren and de- 
 folate, much refembling that part of Terra del Fucgo 
 which lies near Cape Horn. The fea rifing here very 
 high, we tacked and ftood to the northward, to prevent 
 our being driven on a lee Ihore. Having now run no 
 fcfs than feventy leagues of this ifland, we coiKluded, 
 it muft be of confiderable extent. Some former navi- 
 gators have made Falkland's iflands, to be about two 
 hundred miles in circumference, but in the opinion of 
 our Commodore, they are near 700 miles. At noon 
 we hauled the wind and ftood to the northward, the 
 entrance of Berkley's Sound bearing at three o'clock, 
 S. W. by W. fix leagues off; and in the evening we 
 ftood to the weftward, the wind having fliiftcd to the 
 S. W. On Tuefday, the 5th of February, at one o'clock 
 P. M. we again made the coaft of Patagonia, bearing 
 S. W. by S. fix leagues diftant. At two we pafTed by 
 Penguin Ifland; and at three ftanding towards the har- 
 bour of Port Defirc, which was two leagues diftant, wc 
 to our great fatisfadion, difcovered the Flora ftorefhip, 
 which had been fitted out at Deptford, and had on 
 board a great quantity of new baked bread, piicked in 
 new cafks, befides brandy, flour, beef, and all fuch ne- 
 ceflary provifions and ftorcs for the ufc of our two fhips. 
 This vefTel, whofe arrival was fo opportune for the pro- 
 fecution of our voyage, was difpatched by the lords of 
 the Admiralty, with as much fecrecy as the Dolphin, 
 with refpedl to the ignorance of the men on board as to 
 their place of deftination. When flie firft failed from 
 Deptford, fhe was fitted out for Florida ; nor did the 
 mafter know, till he arrived fouthward of the line, that 
 he was ordered to recruit the Commodore's vefTels. Wc 
 had for fome time paft been uneafy, concluding that 
 this fhip bad probably met with fome accident that had 
 obliged her to return: but her appearance agreeably rc^ 
 moved all the anxiety we had felt from this groundlefs 
 conjcihirc; and indeed it was very happy for us, that 
 we fell in with her at this jundlure, whicli was the more 
 feafonablc, asforfometime wehad been reduced to a 
 fhort allowance of certain articles of provifions, which 
 fhe wasabletofupply us with; but had this not been 
 the cafe, a worfe confequence muft have enfued, namely^ 
 that of being obliged to fleer to the Cape of Good Hope, 
 in order to purchafc provifions, and confcqucntly lofing 
 our voyage ; as by this delay it would be too late for us 
 to attempt a pafTage into the South Sea, either by paf- 
 fingthe ftraits of Magellan, or doubling Cape Horn; 
 confequently an end would be put to all our difcoverics, 
 and the expcnce of fitting us out be thrown away. At 
 four o'clock P. M. having anchored in Port Delire, 
 the mafter of the ftorefhip came on board the Dolphin, 
 bringing a packet from the lords of the Admiralty to 
 the Commodore. This perfbn was a midfhipman ii; 
 his Majefty's fiirvice, and was to have a commiflion as 
 ibon as he found the Commodore, He had been fe- 
 veral days infcarch of Pepys's Ifland; but was like us 
 obliged to defift, and having croffed the latitiide in 
 which it was fuppofcd to lie, had met with a ftorm thrt 
 had greatly damaged his nufls and fails. In the cvon- 
 3 M ^ ing 
 
 ff 
 
 til 
 
 ir 
 
 I- i 
 
 :. 
 
 '1 
 
 If 
 
as© 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compl 
 
 E T E. 
 
 !Wl 
 
 inethe maftcr of the Florida left the Dolphin, and by 
 oitlcr of the OBmmodore, our carpenters attended 
 him on board his own (hip, to repair the damages (he 
 had fulUincd. During our run from Falkland's iflands 
 10 Pbrt Dclirc, the number of whales about the Dol- 
 phin rendered our navigation dangerous. One blew 
 the water upon our quarter deck, and we were near 
 Rriking upon another ; they were of an uilconunon fize, 
 much Mrgcrthan any we had yet fcen. 
 
 On Thurfday the 7th, the night proved very tempef- 
 tuous; when both the Tamar and Florida made (ignals 
 of diftrefs, having been driven from their moorings 
 up the harbour. They were got clear of the fliorc with 
 
 K at difficulty, as they weretne next night, when they 
 h drove again. Finding the llorcmip was in con- 
 fbnt danger at being loft, tiw deiign of unloading her 
 in this haubour was given ufi, and the Omimodore dc- 
 fermincd to take her with him intto the ftnuit. Cast, 
 ftfouatof the Tanur having alio informed us, that his 
 nidder was fprung, it was fecund with iron cUmps in 
 the beft manner he could, there being no timber to 
 be found proper for nuking her a new one. Having 
 by the thirteenth completed the repairs of oar rcfpec> 
 tive fhips,.we made ready to leave this port, as by the 
 rapidity of the tide, the boatt could have little or no 
 communication with the ftore>lhip: ii ~ru therefore 
 refolved to fail back to the Eaftward, and take in our 
 ftores at one of the Potts we had before vifited. One 
 of our petty officers, well acquainted with the ftrait, 
 and four of our fcamen, were put on board the Flo. 
 rida, to aiTift in navigating her, and ihe was ordered to 
 make the bed oi' her way to Port Famine. On the 14th, 
 wc put to fea, and when, a few hours after, abrealt of 
 Penguin ifland, we got (ight of the ftorc-fliip a loni; 
 way to the eaftward. On Saturday the i6th, about fix 
 o'clock, A. M. Cape Fairweather bore W. S. W. diftant 
 Ave leagues; and on the 1 7th, we hauled in for the ftrait 
 (rf° Magellan, and kt fix o'clock A. M. Cape Viigin 
 Mary bore S. diftant fivie miles. On the 18th, wepa&d 
 the firft narrow. To our great rurprife, in the mom« 
 ingof thefecond day after we left Port Defire, w« dif- 
 covered a ftrange fail, which our Commodore appre- 
 hended might bea$p«nin) man of war of the line, who 
 was come to intercept u< t »nd in confcquence of that 
 furmife, boldly gave orders, that all on board the Dol- 
 phin and Tamar ftxNild prepare to give her a warm re. 
 ception, by firing all our guns, and then boarding her 
 from both (hips: but while we were bringing to and 
 waiting for her, it grew dark, and we loft fij^t of her, 
 till the next moi-ning, when we &w her at tuee leagues 
 diftance, and found (be ftili followed us, while wefuled 
 towards Point Ff mine. She even came to an anchor 
 when we did. We were now employed in getting up 
 our guns, having only four upon deck, which nad 
 been ufed for fignals, the reft having for a coafidenUe 
 time before lain in the hold. Wc foon however got 
 fourteen upon deck, and then came to an anchor, hav- 
 ing the Tamar »-ftern, with a fpring on our cablet and 
 that we might give her as warm a reception u poiGble^ 
 we removed all our guns (9 one jiide.pointing to ne place 
 where the veflelmuftpafs. While we were thua Mifilj 
 employed in uking all the meafuret pnidcnce could 
 fuggeftto defend us from an imaginary danger, an ac. 
 (idcnt tlMt happened (o the ftore-fliip fliewnl that we 
 Ind nothii^ to fear. m4 that thtr vetlel againft which 
 we were arming ourilelves, ought not to be confidered 
 as an enemy t for >vhile the Florida was working 10 
 the windward, fhe took the (bore, en a brak about 
 two leagues from our lhip« About the fame time the 
 ftrange vefTel came up with hev, and feeing her difircfs 
 caft anchor ; and immediately bcsaa to hoift out her 
 boats to give her alTiftance: but betere they had reached 
 the ftore-ftup, our boats had boarded her, and the com* 
 mandingofiKer had received orders not toletthemcome 
 on boaroj but to thank them in the poiiteft manner for 
 their iMetided alTiffamce. Thefe oroen were punAu- 
 ally obcved, and with the aid of oor boau only, the 
 ftore-flup was foon after got into deep water. Chir 
 people repotted, that the French veflel was fiill Of 
 men, and feemed to have a great mwy ofSccts. At 
 3 
 
 
 fix o'clock in the evcnining, we worked through the 
 fccond narrow { and at ten palled the weft end <>f it. 
 We anchored at eleven off Elizabeth Wand, and th« 
 French (hip did the fame, in a bad iituation.fouthward 
 of St, Bartholomew's illand, whereby we were con- 
 vinced flie was not well acquainted WJth ihc chan- 
 nel-. 
 
 OnTuefdAy the 19th wc weighed, and at fix.p'clock, 
 A. M. we ftecred between Elizabeth and Bartholomew 
 Ifhmds, S. S. W. five miles, when we crofTcd a bank« 
 where amOng the weeds we had feven fathoms water. 
 This bank is fituated W. S, W. about five miles from 
 the middle of George's Ifland. To avoid danger, it 
 is n<k:eflary to keep near ElizabeUi's Ifland, ull the 
 weftem-fliore is but a flwn diftance, and then a fouthcrn 
 courfe may be failed with great fafety, till the reef* 
 which lies about four miles to the northward of St. 
 Anne's Point, is in fight. The Frenchman ftill followed 
 us, and we thought Ibe came from Falkland's IQandsi 
 where is a Frcnclt fcttlcment, to uke in wood, or that 
 ftie was on a fuivey of the Strait of Magellan, in which 
 we were now fiuling. Qa the aoth, wc hoifted out our 
 boats, and towed round St. Anne's Point ilite Pdrt 
 Famine. Here we anchored, at fix in the evening, and 
 foon afler the French ftiip paflcd by Us to the louth- 
 ward. During our ftay in this port, we were principally 
 employed, in receiving provifions from the ftorelhip^ 
 and in oompleatiiw our wood and water. On the ajth, 
 finding that both the (hips had received as much ftorc< 
 and provifions as they could pofTibljr ftow, the Com* 
 modore fent home all the draughts of the places he Had 
 caufed to be taken, by the ilore-ihip, with exprefa 
 orders, that if they were in iny danger of being board- 
 ed and examined by any foreign Ihips, their hrft care 
 fhould be to throw the plans arwl pacquets into the fea. 
 On taking leave of the Florida, our boatfwain, and all 
 that were fick on board the Dolphin and I'amar, ob- 
 tained leave to return in her to Er^{land t the Com 
 modore in the mean time; declaring openly to the crew 
 in general, that if any of them were avcrfcto proceed- 
 ing on the voyage, they had free liberty to return j 
 an offer which only one oif our men scccptcu. We now 
 with the Tamar failed from Port Faqnine. intending 
 n> puft) through the ftrait before the feafon fhould be 
 too far advanced. At noon we were three leagues dif- 
 tant from St. Anne's Point, which bore N. W. thite or 
 fourmiles frrnn Point Shutup, which boreS. S. W. Point 
 Shutup bears from St. Anne's Point. S. half E. and they 
 are about four or five leagues afunder. Between thcle 
 two poina there is a flat-fboal, which runs from Port 
 Famine before the river Sedger, and three miles to th« 
 fouthward. At three o'clock, P. M. we pafTed tho 
 French fhip. which now anchored in a fmall cove. 
 She had hauled clofe (D.dw fhore. and we could fee 
 laige piles of wood cutdown. and iyiiK on each fide 
 of liert Upon our retu^ to England, we learnt this 
 Chip was the Eagle, commanded by M. Bougainville, 
 and that her buiineb in the ftrait was, as the Com- 
 thodore had comefhired. to cut wood for the French 
 bttlfment in Falklamf s Iflands. From Cape Shutup 
 to Cape Forward, the courfe is S. W. by S. diftanca 
 feven lei^es. At eight in the evening wc brought to. 
 Cape Forward bearing N. W. half W. diftant about 
 4 mile. This part of the ftrait is eight mUcs over, aod 
 off the cape wc had 40 fathom* within half a cables 
 length of the fhorc. 
 
 On the 26th, at four o'clock, A. M. wc made fail, 
 aod at ten we kept working to windward, looking out at 
 the fame time for an anchoring-place.and endeavouring 
 to reach a bav about two leagues to the weft ward of 
 Cape Forward. An officer was fent into this bay to 
 found, who finding itiit.for our purpofe we entered it, 
 and at fix o'clock, P. M. anchored in nine fathoms 
 watc^. On the 37th. at fix o'clock. A. M. we con- 
 tinued Wit courfe through the ftrait, from Cape Hoi. 
 land to Ci^ Gallant. This cape is very nigh and 
 Oeep, and pctween it and the former cape is a reach, 
 dirce lei^ics over, callcdEhglifli Reach. Five miles 
 IbiKh of Upe Gallant isOlarles's Ifland. of which it is 
 ncccflaxf to kttp to the noRhward . Wo fteertd along 
 
 the 
 
ough the 
 lui Qf it. 
 and th« 
 buthward 
 vcre con- 
 he chan- 
 
 c.p'clock, 
 tholomcw 
 a bank^ 
 tns water. 
 niIes:from 
 janger, it 
 I. ull the 
 i fouthcrn 
 the recti 
 rd of St. 
 (1 followed 
 '•lOandH 
 id, or that 
 in which 
 cd out our 
 ilito Pdrt 
 nin|[,«nd 
 the louth- 
 >rincipally 
 nore-lhip^ 
 1 the 35th, 
 luch A«rcA 
 the Com* 
 icei he had 
 tb exprcfa 
 in^board- 
 r hrft cars 
 ito the fea. 
 tin, and ail 
 ['atnar. ob- 
 thc Com 
 CO the crew 
 :o proceed- 
 to return ; 
 We now 
 , intending 
 I (hould be 
 leagues din> 
 W, thttc or 
 ;.W. Point 
 £. and they 
 tween thcle 
 from Port 
 niles to th« 
 pafled th« 
 fmall cove> 
 e could fee 
 n each fide 
 ; learnt this 
 ougninville, 
 ; the Cora- 
 the French 
 ape Shutup 
 S. diltanca 
 brought to, 
 (Tant about 
 (s over, and 
 ilf a cables 
 
 made fail, 
 
 oking out at 
 
 ideavouring 
 
 weftward of 
 
 this bay to 
 
 : entered it, 
 
 inc fathoms 
 
 A. we con- 
 
 Capc Hoi. 
 
 y nigh and 
 
 ii s retch, 
 
 Five miles 
 
 r which it is 
 
 teenid along 
 
 the 
 
 ^Mt^MJMkMnf^KSMsOr^Mf MrJEF/f^tE^SnwfcT. y.'fA Jk mymf ^ rJl^. 
 
 t'»*0t^ drf499 
 
 tyir .*rMfM> 
 
CvMMODORi BYROlf'i VOYAGE— for making Difcovrries in the Sburif frn Oceaw, &c. a^i 
 
 
 the north Ihore. at the dUlance of about two miiei. 
 Ealtward of Cape Holland ii a fpacioiM fiindy bay, 
 called Wood'a Bay, in which there it good anchorage. 
 The mountaini on each fide the flrait are niorc de- 
 folate in appearance than any others in the world, ex- 
 cept perhaps the Cordeliers, both being rude, rraggy. 
 Deep, and coVcred from the bottom to their fummits 
 with fnow. From Cape Gallant to Paflhgc Point, dif. 
 Unt about three leagues, the coaft lies W. by N. by com- 
 pafs. Paflagc Point is the eaft point of Elizabeth's 
 Bay, and ia low land, off of which lies a rock. Be- 
 tween this and Cape Gallant are feveral iflands, foine 
 very fmall ; but the eaftcrmon, Charles's Ifland, is fix 
 miles long : the next is called Monmouth's Ifland, and 
 the weitcrmod, Kupcrtt Ifland : this lies S. by E. of 
 Point Paflage. ThcfegnMip of iflands make the (trait 
 narrow: between Port Tafliige and Rupert's Ifland, it 
 is not nwrc than two miles over, and it is advifcable 
 for navigators to go to the northward of them all, keep- 
 ing the north>lhore on board. 
 
 On Wednefday the 27th, at fix o'clock, P. M. we 
 ftood in for Elizabeth's Bay, and anchored in ten fa- 
 thoms, good ground. In this bay there is a good 
 rivulet of frelh water. On the 28th, wc met with ex- 
 ccflive gales from the W. N. W. which blew with fuch 
 violence, that we were driven three leagues to the eail- 
 ward, where wc cad anchor on the top of a rock, in 
 13 fathoms and a half water, a cable's length from the 
 bay : but loon after wc parted, or rather darted our 
 (trcam anchor, and fell oit' the rock : it was very dark, 
 and the Ihip dill kept driving with her whole cable 
 out, and was in the greatcll danger of being loft ; how- 
 ever, we let go both bowers in 1 7 fathoms water. The 
 wind fiill continued to blow very hard, and the (hip 
 was fo near the rocks, that the^ boats could but juit 
 keep clear of the furfott the Ihore: but that provi- 
 dencc which had hitherto attended us, ftill continued 
 to be our friend» and preferved us from impending 
 (heftruAion 1 for the next morning we hove in the cable 
 of our ftream<«Khor, both the nukes of which where 
 broke ; and being thus rendered ufelcfs, it was thrown 
 overboard. Wc now with our gib and fiay>fails ran 
 out into 10 fathemt, till vre were cxadlly in the fitua. 
 tion from whence we had been driven, where we an- 
 chored with our bcft bowtr. 
 
 On Friday the lA of March, at five o'clock, A. M. we 
 weighed,attended with light gales and moderate weather. 
 At (even paflicd Mufcle my, a league to the wed ward of 
 Elizabeth's, OB the feuthem ihore. At eight we were 
 two ieajptes W. bv H. of thia bay, and abrcaft of 
 Bachelor's River, wiick i» on kLe north flnre. A league 
 from hence lies the catnnce of St. Itrom'a Sound, which 
 we paflcd at nine. In our ctNUle aloiig.this coafi we 
 &w a finokc, Md bm after difcovcred a great number 
 of Indiana in dMchcd pucicf^ fome of whom, on feci: g 
 us, pat their CMQM into the water, and made towards 
 our (hip. When within mufltet Ihot, they began a 
 moft hideous flnuCinK. and we hallooed, and waved 
 our hands, u %nals rar tJaem tocome on board, which 
 after having frequently repeated, they did. On enter- 
 ing the fliip thejr furveyed it with no fmall figns of 
 aftoniihment, at if they had never feen a veflTcl of the 
 like kind before. Thefe Indians were in general of a 
 middling ftature, and of a very brown complexion, 
 with long black hair, that hung down to their (boulders. 
 Their holies were coverea with the (kin of fome ani- 
 mals unknown to us t but many of the poor wretches 
 had not a fufficient quantity to cover their nakedne(s. 
 Wc trafficked with them, or rather gave them abun- 
 dance of things, particularly cloaths, w-hich they feemed 
 to receive with thank(ulne(s: they were alfo exceeding 
 fond of the bifcuit, which we diftributed among them 
 pretty fitedy, though they appeared rather unwilUng to 
 iMft with any thing in return. Some of thefe people 
 bad bows and arrows, made of fuch hard wood, that it 
 fccmed almofl, impenetrable » the bowa were not only 
 exceeding tou^ and (i(Kxtth» but wrought with vci/ 
 curious workmanfbip: and the ftring was fbraied of a 
 twifted gut. The arrows, whidi were about two feet 
 long, were pointed with flint fhapcd like a harpoon. 
 
 and cut with as great nicety, as if they had been 
 fhapcd by the mofl cxatt Lpidary 1 and at the other 
 end a leather was fixed to dinti its flight. They 
 have alfo javelins. Thefe Indians feem to be ver)* poor 
 and perfectly harmlefs, coming fiirth to their rdTpective 
 employments at the dau n of day. and when the (un fets, 
 retiring to their diHTcrcnt habitations. They live 
 aln',oft entirely on fifh, and partiailarly on limpets and 
 mufcles, the latter of which they have in great plenty, 
 and much larger than thofc wc met with in England. 
 Their boats are but indifferently put together ; they are 
 made chiefly of the bark of trees, and arc jufl big 
 enough to hold one family ; when they land, being very 
 light, they haul them upon fhore, out of the reach of the 
 tide, and fcem very careful in prefcrving them. In the 
 firudturc of fome of thefe boau no fmall degree of in* 
 genuity is evident. They ire formed of three pieces, 
 one at the bottom, which ferves for the keel and part 
 of the (ides, and is fa(hioned both within and without 
 by means of fire; upon this arc placed twoupper pieces, 
 one on each fide, which are fewed together, and to the 
 bottom part, like a fcem fewed with a needle and thread* 
 All their boats in general are very narrow, and each end 
 formed alike, both (harp, and rifing up a confiderable 
 height. I'hefe Indians are very dexterous in flriking 
 the fifh from their canoes with theirjavelins, though they 
 lie fome feet under water. In thefe infhmces, they feem 
 to (hew the utmofl extent of their ingenuity ; for we 
 found them incapable of underflanding things the mofl 
 obvious to their fenfes. On their firff coming abmrd, 
 among the trinkets wc gave them were fome knives and 
 fciffars, and we tried to make them fenfible of their ufci 
 but after our repeated endeavours, by (hewing the man- 
 ner of ufing them, they continued as infenfible as at 
 firfi, and could not learn to diftinguifli the blades from 
 the handles. There are plenty of feals in this part of 
 the fltaits. but we did not meet with many fowl, owing 
 doubtlcfi to tiie intenfe cold, nor did we find the 
 woods infelted with any kind of wild beifts. On faiU 
 ing to the weftward we found an irregular tide, which 
 fonietimes ran 1 8 hours to the eafiwanl, and but fix to 
 the weftv«ard ; at other times, when the wefterly winds 
 blew with any degree offtrength, it would conftantly 
 run for feveral days to the ealt. At intervals we had 
 hard gales of wind, and prodigious fquslls from the high 
 mountains, whofe fummits are covered with fnow. Tl.e 
 (traits are here four leagues over, and it is difficult to 
 get any anchorage, on account of the uncvennefs, and 
 irregularity of the bottom, which in feveral places clofe 
 to the fhore has from ao to 15 fathoms water, and in 
 other paru no ground is to be found with a line of 159 
 'athoms. Wc now fleered W, S. W. for Cape Quod. 
 Between this and Elizabeth's Bay is a reach about four 
 miles over, called Crooked Reach. In the evening of 
 the 4th, we anchored abreafl of Bachelor's River, ia 
 14 fathoms. The entrance of the river bore N. by E. 
 difiant one mile, and the northemmofl: point of St. 
 Jerom's Sound, W. N. W. diftant three miles. About 
 three quarters of a mile cafbvard of Bachelor's River 
 lies a (hoal, upon which there is not more than fix feet 
 water when the tide is out t it is diftant about half 
 a mile from the (horc, and may be known by the weeds 
 that are ujpon it. We here faw feveral Indians dif* 
 
 Sierfcd in ^fFe" •' ' crs, among whom we found a 
 amily whic> \ our attention. It was compofed 
 
 of a dccripid old man, his wife, two (bns and a daughter. 
 The latter appeared to have tolerable features, and an 
 Engii(h &ce, which they fccmed dcfirous of letting us 
 know; they making a long harangue, not a fyllable of 
 which we underftood, though we plainly perceived it 
 was in relation to the woman, whofc age did not exceed 
 thirty, by their pointing firit at her, and then at them- 
 felvec. Various were the conjofhires wc formed in regaid 
 to this circumftance. though we all agreed that rtieir 
 figns plainly fhewed that they offered herto us, as being 
 of the fame country. In one particubr they appeared 
 to be quite uncivilized, for when we came up to them, 
 they were tearing to pieces and devouring raw fifh. On 
 the 5th, we fent the boats a-head to tow, but could not 
 gain a bay on the north fliore, which appeared to be 
 
 an 
 
; t 
 
 »M 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C •!« n t t r. .t....j 
 
 I? 
 
 in excellent harbour, fit to receive five or fix fail) we 
 were therefore obliged to call anchor on a bank, with 
 the ftrcain anchor, Cape Qi>od bearing W, S. W. dif- 
 tant about fix miies. An oiliccr was now fetkc to look 
 out for a harbour, but he did not fuccecd. 
 
 On Wednefday the 6th, we itraored in a little bay 
 oppofitc Cape Quod ; khd the Tamar, which could not 
 work up fo fu, abuut fix miles to the eafiward of it. 
 This part of the ftmit is only four miles over, and its 
 afpcdl dreary and dcfolate beyond imagination, owing 
 to the prodigious mountains on each fide of it, which 
 rife above the clouds, and arc covered with perpetual 
 fnow. 
 
 On Thurfday the 7th, at eight o'clock we weighed, 
 and \v,orked with the tide. At noon, Cape Quod bore 
 E. by S. and Cape Monday, the wcdcrmoll land in 
 fight on the foutn fiiorc, W. by N. dillant ten leagues. 
 The tides here arc very llrong, and the ebb feu to the 
 wefiwand, with an irregularity for which it is vry 
 difficult to account. At one the Tamar anchored op- 
 pofite Cape Quod, in the bay wc had jud left ; and in 
 the evening we anchored in a fmall bay on the north 
 Ihorc, five leagues to the wcfiward of Cape Quod. 
 The marks to know this bay are two large rocks that 
 appear above water, and a low point, which makes the 
 calt part of the bay. The anchorage is between the 
 two rocks, the eafiennoft bearing N. E. halfE. difiant 
 about two cables length, and the wcilermod, which is 
 near the point. W. N. W. half W. at about the fame 
 dillance: there is alfo a fmall rock which (hows itfelf 
 among the weeds at low water, and bears E. half N. 
 dillant about two cables length. .Should there be more 
 Ihips than two, they may anchor farther out in deeper 
 water. We found in this part of the firait few birds 
 of any kind, and but a fmall quantity of mufcles along 
 the fiiore ; and though we fcnt out our boat into a bay 
 to haul the feinc, it returned without fuccefs, not any 
 filh being to be found. However, we frequently found 
 great quantiticw of red berries, fomewhat refembling 
 our cranberries, which being wholefome and refrefhing 
 proved of conliderable fcrvice to the fliip's company. 
 'I'hcy arc about the fize of an hazlc nut, and the chief 
 provifions of the Indians in thefc parts. On the 8th, 
 we found abundance of Ihcll-fifii, but faw no traces of 
 people. In the attcmoon, the Commodore went up. a 
 deep lagoon under a rock, at the head of which was a 
 fine fall of water, and on the eaft-fide of it feveral 
 fmall coves, calculated for the reception of (hips of the 
 grcatcll burthen. He returned with a boat load of 
 very large mufcles. On the 9th, we got under way, at 
 feven o'clock, A. M. and at eight faw the Tamar very 
 far aftern. We now ftood to tnc N. W. with a plea- 
 fant breoze at S. by E. but when abreaft of Cape Mon- 
 day Bay, :hc wind took us back, and continued from fix 
 o'clock to eight, at which time Cape Monday Bay 
 bore E. half N. fix leagaei. On the i oth, at fix o'-'lock, 
 A. M. Cape Upright bore E. by S. didant three leagues. 
 From Cape Monday to Cape Upright, which arc both 
 on the fouth (hore, and didant from each other about 
 five leagues, the courfe is W. by N. At ten a violent 
 ftormofwind came on, which was very near efTcdling 
 our dcftrudtion : for it was very <hick rainy weather, 
 and wc fuddcnly difcovered funken rockt on our lee- 
 bow, juft appearing above the furface of the water, at 
 the diftancc of about half a mile from us. We tacked 
 immediately, and in half an hour it blew fo hard, that 
 wc were obliged to bear up before the wind, and go in 
 fearch of an harbour. Wc were foon after joined by 
 the Tamar, who had been fix or feven leagues to the 
 cailward of us all night. At fix in the evening we 
 came to anchor in a bay, in 16 fathoms water; but 
 the anchor falling from the bank into 50 fathoms, the 
 Ihip ahnoft drove on fliorc ; happily the anchor clofing 
 with a rock brought ns up. We now weighed, and on 
 the nth fieered into a proper anchoring place, on a 
 bank, where the Tamar was riding, entirely furrounded 
 with high precipices, where wc Tay not more than two 
 cables length from the (hore. There is a bafon at the 
 bottom of this bay. within which is ten fathoms, and 
 room enough fur fix or feven tul to lie in pcrfcdl 
 
 fecurity. Having at this time heavy fqualls of wind, 
 attended with much rain, the Conunudore, with a 
 gcnerofity that endeared him to the crew, diftributcd 
 as much cloth among the failors as would make all of 
 them long waificoats 1 a prcfcnt highly acceptable at 
 this fcafon of the year, and th» more fo. as the otlicers 
 and men, on leaving England, from their expecting to 
 fail diretftly to India, had provided no thick cloathing. 
 And that no partiality might be (hewn to thofc 011 
 board his own (hip, he ordered a fufticient quantity for 
 theufe ofCapt. Mouat's company in the I'amar. 
 
 On Tuefday the nth, while we were emplo/'ed in 
 fearch ing after wood and water, the Tamar's boat was 
 fcntiotne wefiward, with an officer from both f hips, 
 to look for harbours on the fouthcrn lliorc. On the 
 14th, the boat returned with the agreeable news, that 
 they had found feveral bays, particularly five between 
 the fhip's fiation and Cape Upright, where wc niight 
 anchor in fafety. When the Commodore heard this, 
 in ordur to encourage his men in the difcharge of their 
 duty, he ordered a double allowancTc of bramly to be 
 given to every one on board, which, with their warm 
 fear-nought jackets, providcil by government, ])roveJ 
 both comfortable anil fiUitary; for fomc hilli, which, 
 when wc came firft to this place, had no fnow upon 
 then), were now covered, and the winter of this dreary 
 and inhofpitablc region fecmed to have fet in at once. 
 Thofe ill the boat, during their abfenec, were benighted, 
 and obliged by diflrefs of weather to land, and take 
 flicker under a tent which they had taken with them. 
 They faw a number of Indians employed on the (hore, 
 in cutting up a dead whale, which fcented the place for 
 fomc diftancc around, it being in a ftatc of putrefaction. 
 This they fuppofcd was dcfigned for food, feeing they 
 cut it in large Hices, and carried them away on their 
 (houlders to another party at a difiancc, who fecmed 
 employed round a fire : however it is equally probable, 
 that like the Grcenlanders, they might be making oil 
 for their lamps againft the approaching fcvcrity of 
 winter. One of tne officers told us, that near Cape 
 Upright (bme Indians had given him a dog, and that 
 one of the women had offered him a child which was 
 fucking at her breafl, .but for what purpofe he could 
 not fay. How much focver by their appearance, and 
 manner of life, thefc feemingly forlorn rational beings 
 may be degraded in the eyes of Kurapcans, wc ought 
 not from this trifling incident, to attribute to them fuch 
 a flrange depravity of nature as makes them dcflitutc 
 of alfc^ion for their of^pring ; or even to think that it 
 can be furmounted by the neccflities. or wants attending 
 the mod deplorable fituation i a notoriety of fads .ind 
 univcrfal hillory are againfl even afuppofition of this 
 kind. On the t cth, at eight o'clock, A. M. we made 
 fail, and in the afternoon we aiichor^ on the eaft-(idc 
 of Cape Monday, in Wafli PotBay-- The pitch of the 
 cape bore N. W. diflant half a mile, and the extreme 
 pomts of the bay from E. to N. by W;>'Tlie.ncarclt 
 (hore was a low ifland between us and the cape, from 
 which ifland wc lay about half a cable's length. We 
 had at this place frequent (bowers of rain and hail, 
 with the air all the time exccfllvc (tiarp. 
 . On Saturday the i6th, at fix o'clock, A. M. wc un- 
 moored, and at eight a (Irong current fet m to the calf- 
 ward. In this perplexing fituation were \tc driven 
 aboiit from place to place, lofing perha|>H in a few 
 hours, what wc had been fix days and nights working 
 to the weftward I for when the wind continues with 
 violence there is no regular tide; but on the contrar)-, a 
 ' confbmt weflcrly current running two miles an hour. 
 Perceiving wc lofl ground, we came to an anchor, but 
 finding the ground to be rocky wc weighed again ; and - 
 svery man on board the red of the day, and the whole 
 night, continued on deck, during which time the rain 
 poured down in unremitting torrents. Notwithdand- 
 ing this inccflant labour, on the 1 7tlT, we had the mor- 
 tification to find we had been lofing way on every 
 . t^ck, and at nine o'clock, A. M. we were glad to an- 
 chor in the vtry bay wc had left two days bc(bre. it 
 , continued to rain, and blow violently for two days 
 longer, fo that we began to think, without a fiivourabic 
 , wind. 
 
CoMMoboRB BYRON'i VOYAGE — for making Dilcoverics in the Sou jiiekn Ocean, &c. 233 
 
 wind, it would be our ill Cortunl: to Tpcnd the winter 
 
 ;|uartcr in one of thefe cdvet. The Commodore had 
 cm out t boat to found the bay on the north Iborc, 
 but no onchorage could be found. On the 3 1 It, we fee 
 fail, the wind veering from S. W. by W. to N. N. W. 
 we worked to windward with continual fquatln, which 
 at intervuU obliged ui to clue all our (ails. In the 
 incan while the Tamar, whom till this time wc had 
 iKver'loit iishtof, by a favourable breeze, got a few 
 leagues to tnc weftward, where (he lay two days in 
 
 Sood anchorage. Marrafled as wc were by continual 
 ifappointments, to add nill more to our vexation and 
 concern, we £uuiulour men were attacked by the fcur- 
 vey, wrhich had made its appearance on many of 
 Chemt however, by the alTldance of vegetables, and 
 th<t extraordinary care of the Commodore, who caufed 
 poruble loup to be fcrved to the ftck, and twice a week 
 to the whole fiiip's company, on Fridays with pcafe, 
 and on Mondays with oatnieal ; and who with the 
 greatetl humanity never fparcd to diftribute from his 
 own table, whatever might be of ufe for the recovery 
 of thofe attacked by this dreadful difordcr, it was pre- 
 vented from raging with any great inveteracy. On the 
 aid, to our great joy wc maUe way, the current fetting 
 • to the wellward. At fix in the evening, we anchored 
 in a commodious bay on the eall-lide ot Cape Monday, 
 where the Tainar lay in 1 8 ~athoms. We found this 
 place very fafe, the ground b« ng excellent. It is re- 
 markable, that notwithltandir. J the late fcverity of the 
 weather, added to their incelunt labour, the crew of 
 both fliips, in general, retained both health and 
 fpirits. 
 
 On Saturday the 23d, at eight o'clock, A. M. wc 
 again fct fail, and in a few hours opened the South Sea, 
 which rolled in with a prodigious fwcll. At four in 
 the afternoon, we anchored about a league to the ead- 
 ward of Cape Upright, in a good bay, with a deep 
 found at the bottom, by which it may be known. On 
 the 24th, the boat was fent to the weftward, with the 
 I'econd lieutenant, in fearch of an harbour, at which 
 time we had continued rains, and cold unhealthy 
 weather, with ftrong gales from the N. W. At fix in 
 the evening the boat returned without having been 
 able to get round Cape Upright. On the a5th, the 
 boat was fent again with arms, and a week's provifions, 
 bciides materials for ereAing a tent, in cafe they (hould 
 land, and Hnd it neceflary to make ufe of it. In the 
 evening they returned, having been about four leagues, 
 and had found two anchoring places, neither of them 
 very good j upon which we weighed, and on the 20th, 
 ftood to the N, W. to windward of Cape Monday. 
 The itreits here are four or five leagues over, and the 
 mountains feemed to be ten times as high as the mart 
 head of our fliip, but not much covered with fnow. 
 Wc continued under fail, till the wind increafing, and 
 a violent fea from the weftward coming on, we were 
 obliged to lie to under our dofe reefed top-fails. At 
 tour in the afternoon, the weather became ver/ thick, 
 and in Icfs than half an hour we faw the foutn (hore, 
 at the diftance of about a mile, but got no anchorage ; 
 wc therefore tacked, and flood over to the north ftiorc. 
 At eleven we faw the land aa. the north ftiore. at which 
 we were much alarmed ; when to heighten the danger 
 of our fituation. the Iky fuddenly became dark and 
 lowering, and the noifc of the waves. whii*h we plainly 
 heard dafhing againft the precipices, feemed to foretell 
 the difaftcr which we thought ourfelves near expe- 
 riencing; but at the very inftant. when we cxpedted 
 immediate deftrudlion. by hoiftinr out our head 
 fails, our fliip veered round on the other tack, and left 
 the breakers, on which wc made fail with our head tO' 
 the fouthward. During this critical fituation, from 
 which we had been fo providentially delivered; the 
 officers and men united in doing their utnnoft, to cxtri^ 
 cate us from the iiapcnding danger, and behaved with 
 that alacrity and intrepidity, which fb ftrongly charac- 
 terize thofe who compofc our naval ibrce, who juftly 
 merit this tranficnt teftimony to their honour. We 
 now made a iignal for the 'Eamar to come up' fup- 
 iwfiag her cafe to be equally defperaie with our own ; 
 No. 38. 
 
 however (he ((Km failed n-hcad, firingagun, and (how 
 ing lights, whenever flic Ihw land. Our fituation was 
 now very alarming I the ftorin iticrcafcd every moment, 
 the wci'ther was exceeding thick, the rain feemed to 
 threaten another deluge, ue hud a loii^;; dark night before 
 ut, we were in a narrow channel, and furrnundcd on 
 every lidc with rocks and brcakcri. By the violence of 
 the wind, our mizcn-top-fail was fplit from the yard, 
 and rendered entirely uleicli'. During this tempcduous 
 night we parted compny with our < onfort. We now 
 brought to. keeping tnc Dolphin's Head to the S. W. 
 but tncre being a prodigious fea, it broke over us io 
 often, that the whole deck was alinoft under water. 
 After bending a new mizen-top-fail, and repairing as 
 well as we could the damages our (hip had fuffered, on 
 the 27th, about five in the morning, to our inexpreflibic 
 joy, the day began to dawn upon us { but the weather 
 was fo hazy, that no land could be feen, though wc 
 knew it could not be far diftant, and it might be clofc 
 under our Ice. We theretbre made a fignal for the 
 Tamar to come under our ftern. which having done, 
 we bore away. and. at feven. both (hips came to an an- 
 chor in Cape Monday Eiy. about one mile to the 
 eaftward. with the fmall bower, in 21 fathoms water, 
 and veered out to a whole cable. We had twice in 
 this perplexing traverfe been within four leagues of 
 Tuelday's Hay, at the weftcm entrance of the meight, 
 and had twice been driven back 10 or 12 leagues by 
 the fury of nppofing ftorms. When the fealon is fo 
 far advanced as it was when wc attempted the pafTage 
 through this ttrait, it is a moft difficult and dangerous 
 undertaking, as it blows a hurricane incclFantly night 
 and day, and the rain is as violent and conftant as the 
 wind, with fuch fogs as often render it inipoffiblc to 
 difcovcr any objcdt at the diftance of twice the (hip's 
 length. Our Commodore, after attending to the nc- 
 ceffary rcfrelhments of his officers and men, who had 
 endured the greateft fatigues, thought proper to name 
 the high-land, which wc had fo miraculoufty efcaped. 
 Cape Providence. It rifcs to a very great height, and 
 projctils to the fouthward, being fituated about four or 
 five Icigucs from Cape Monday, but upon the oppofite 
 (hore. Oh the 28th, finding our cables much damaged 
 by the rocks, we condemned our beft bow er, and cut ift 
 into junk. We alfo bent a new one, which we rounded 
 with old rigging eight fathoms from the water. In 
 the mean time tnc Tamar had parted from her anchor, 
 and was drove over to the caft-fide of the bay. She 
 was brought up at a fmall diftance from fome rocks, 
 againft which Ine might othcrwife have been dalhed t* 
 pieces. On the 29th, at feveno'clock, A. M. we weighed 
 and fet fail, but. at intervals, v/ere attended with hard 
 fqualls from the weftward. with heavy rains. While 
 we were working to windward, the Tamar, fteering . 
 by the fouth coaft, ran a-ground. and made the fignal of 
 diftrefj. by firing a gun, and hoifting her enfign in the 
 mizen-(hrouds ; on which we ftood again into the bay, 
 bore down to her afiiftance, and hoifted out our boats. 
 We fent anchor hawfers, with which they foon hove her 
 off, and (he came to anchor near us in Monday Bay. 
 On Saturday the 3oth,the winds were fo violent as per- 
 fe<Sly to tear up the fea, and carry it higher than the 
 top-mafts. The ftorm came from'W. N. W. antl w-as 
 more furious than any preceding one. A dreadful 
 fea rolled over us, and dafhed againlV the rocks with a 
 noife like thunder. Happily, wc did not part our 
 cables, of which we were in conftant apprehenfion, 
 knowing the ground to be foul. Finding the (hip 
 laboured much, we lowered all the main and fore-yards, 
 let go our fmall bower, veered a cable and a half on 
 the beft bower, and having bent the (hect cable, (lood 
 by the anchor all the reft of the day. On the 3 1 (t, 
 about one o'clock, A. M. the weather, tliough fome- 
 what modci-ate. contrnued till midnight to be dark, 
 rainv, and tcmpertuous, when fcjbn after the wind 
 
 I ch4nged to Uie S. W. 
 
 I , .-On Motjday the ift of April,' wc had foft and mo- 
 
 iditfraie gales ; vet ftill the wcathfcr continued thick» 
 
 attended Vitb heavy rain. .At eight o'clock, A. M. 
 
 fw'e weighed our beft bower, and fuunJ the cable much 
 
 3 N wounded 
 
 ■ '1 
 
 
 
 ['i! 
 
 , i 
 
234 VOYAGES R O VJ N D ihc W O R L D CoMfLtii. 
 
 wounded in fcvrral placet, which we thousht a great 
 mitfonune, it bcins a fine new cable that nad never 
 been wet before. On the 3d, an officer wa« fent from 
 each Ihip in the Tamar's boat, in qucft of anchoring 
 places on the fouth Oiorc 1 and at the fame time an 
 officer was fcnt in our Comnwdorc't cutter, to explore 
 the north Ihorc. On the 4th, the cutter returned, with 
 an account of having found a proper anchoring place 
 to the wift of the north lliore. The commanding 
 officer had met with a party of Indians, whofc canoe 
 was of a connruilUon not obfervcd before, being com- 
 pofcd of ])Iank( fcwcd together, Thcfe Indians had 
 no other covering than apiece of fcal-fkin thrown over 
 their Ihouldcrii I'hcir (iwd, of the mod indelicate kind, 
 was eaten raw. One of them tore a piece of (linking 
 whale's blubber with his teeth, and then save it his 
 companions, who followed his example. One of thcfe 
 Indians, obferving a failor aflcep, cut off the hinder 
 part of his jacket with a Oiarp flint. About eight 
 o'clock, A. M. we got under lai', and at fix in the 
 ^ening anchored in the bay, on the fouthcrn fhore, 
 vhichhad btcn difcovcrcd, propofing 10 take in wood 
 and water. ^^'hiIcwc lay here, fcveral of the natives 
 made a fire oppolitc to the fliipi on which we invited 
 thcni [() come on board, by all the figns wc could de- 
 Yjfe ; but as they would not comply, the Commodore 
 went oil fhore m the jolly-boat, and raadi: them pre- 
 fcnts of Iberal trilk«, which much picalcd them. He 
 likcwDe ililtributed Ibmc bifcuits among them, and was 
 furprir.c-d to remark, that if one fell to the ground, not a 
 Itngle individual would oHcr to take it up without his 
 peiniilllon. In the mean time fomc of thefailors being 
 cmnloycil ill cutting grafs for the few remaining lliecp we 
 had onboard, the Indians inftantly rantotheirallillancc, 
 and, te.iring up the grafs in large quantities, fuon filled 
 the boat. Wc were much delighted with this token of 
 their good will, and wc faw they wcrcpleafcd with the 
 plcafure the Commodore had exprefTed on the occafion. 
 When he returned to the fhip, they followed him in 
 their canoe, till they came near the Dolphin, at which 
 they gazed w ith the moft profoiind adonilhment. Four 
 of them were at length prevailed on to venture on 
 board ; and the Commodore, with a view to their di> 
 vcrfion, defircd one of our midlhipmen to play on the 
 violin, while fome of the feamen danced. 1 he poor 
 Indians were extravagantly delighted; and one of them, 
 to teftify his gratitude, took to nis canoe, and fetching 
 fome red pamt, rubbed it all over the face of the 
 hiulician; nor could the Commodore, but with the 
 utmoil difficulty, cfcape the like compliment. When 
 they had been diverted fome hours, it was hinted to 
 ihcm, that they fhould go on fhore, which they at 
 length did, though with the utmofl rclu(fbincc. 
 
 On Sunday the 7th, at fix o'clock, A. M. we weighed, 
 and got under fail, with the wind at £. S. E. At this 
 fortunate change of weather joy appeared in every coun- 
 tenance, and never were people in higher fpirits. For 
 fix weeks we had been Mating to wmdward, having 
 been fcveral times driven back, and narrowly efcaped 
 the greatcft dangers : but we now flattered ouifelvcs, 
 tliat we fliould fhortly arrive in the Pacific Ocean, the 
 ultimate end of our withes j bufat eleven o'clock the 
 wind ceafed, and the current drove us two leagues, Cape 
 Upright bearing S. E. five leagues, on which we came 
 to with the dream anchor, in 1 10 fathoms water. At 
 fcur o'clock, P. M. the boat belonging to the Tamar, 
 which had, as wc mentioned, been fent out fome time 
 t^ibre. returned from the weftward, having been to the 
 fouthward of Cape Defiada, on the fouth fhore, and 
 ^und many convenient places for anckorage ; but the 
 pieople in the boat were much fatigud by their long 
 and laborious rowing. On the 8in, at two o'clock, 
 A. M. wc fei fail, with the wind at W. by N. and at 
 eicven, came to an anchor in a very good bay, between 
 Gipc Upright, andQipe PiU«r. In this bay we found 
 plenty of excel! At filh not much unlike pur t<t)ut, only 
 of a more ted caft. We here met with good ancbooge, 
 entirely fecure from any winds fr»ni the N. N. W, to 
 the S. E. and here you may fail with equal f»f«ty and 
 .... 3 
 
 pleafurc. havins from 14 to 30 fathoms muddy ground. 
 About four in the •ftcrnoon, the wind came to ilic S. K. 
 which gave ui high fatisfadion. Wc inflantly weighod 
 and failed from tnc bay, in order to ptocccd to thr wclt- 
 ward. On landing out wc faw the T«mar at anchor 
 in I'ucfdav Bay, which lies on the fouth fhore 1 but the 
 wind fuddcnly veering round Iron* the S. S. t. to the 
 S. W. in a very heavy Tquall, attended with rain, obliged 
 us to carry fail to get to an anchor in that bay 1 and 
 the night approachmg fall, the 'lomar kept burning 
 falfe fires, to direi5l us into it: but in order to cntir, 
 we were obliged to make fcveral tacks under clofc recfeii 
 top-fails, in very great difordcr. having rocks on each 
 fide : however we at lall came to an anchor, with the 
 futall buwer.in 1 2 fathoms 1 but the wind blew fo flrong, 
 it y as fome time before we could get our lUils lionucd. 
 
 'I uefday Bay is by far the fined we law in ihefL- 
 di^aits. It is capable of cont^ming a number of large 
 fliips, which may ride in the grcated fccurity, with good 
 ground, at nor more than 35 fathoms water, free from 
 ro':ks and fands. Into this bay Sir John Narboroiigh 
 recununends all fliips to anchor, that are bound to the 
 wcdwyrd. Indeed we found no difficulty in being fup- 
 plicd with good wood and water, and with cxcelleitt 
 hlh in large quantitiss. Along the lides of the rock* 
 arc bcautilul cafcadcs of water, with which the calks 
 may be filled with the greatcd convenience. On the 
 gth, at fix o'clock, A. M. we weighed, leaving this fine 
 bav, and failing to the W. N. W. Wc palfed Cape 
 Pillar on the foiith fhore, with a fine gale from the 
 S. E. where the ilraits are about nine leagues over. At 
 ten, having now no occafion to be continually founding, 
 for lear of fljoals and funkcn rocks, we got our long 
 boat, yawl, and fix oared gutter under the half deck, 
 wi.htlie I 3 oared cutter unidcr the boomni and fecuied 
 the hatches, bulk heads of the quarter deck, and (brc- 
 calUc. At tour in the afternoon we rcachetl the ex- 
 tremity oftheftraits, where the dillancc from Caitc 
 Vidoryonthcnorth-lhoic.to CaixDetiaJaon the fuuth 
 thore, is 13 leagues, bearing liom each other about 
 N. and S, The whole length of the Straits ot Ma- 
 gellan, in which we had been detained, chiefly by con- 
 trary winds,from the 1 7th of February to the 9th ot April, 
 is from Cape Virgin Mary to Cape Defiada, with « very 
 reach and turning, no more than almut 116 leagues. 
 Wc were now to leave the cold climate, and the tcin- 
 peUuous feas of this fouthcrn latitude, jull alter tlie 
 time of the autumnal equinox, with the drcadttil hur- 
 ricanes that mud unavoidably attend the approach of 
 winter, and to deer joyfully to the northward, warmed 
 with the hopes of meeting with calmer feas, and milder 
 climates. But notwithltanding the difKculties and 
 futferings we experienced in palling the draits of Ma- 
 
 Sellan, when the weather we met with was beyond all 
 efcription dreadful, yet the Commodore prefers this 
 pafTage to going round Cape Horn, which he had twice 
 doubled, and he recommends it to future navigators, to 
 beattheeadern entrance of the flrait in the month of 
 December, at which time he thinks even a fleet of diips 
 might navigate it fafcly in about three weeks. He 
 jufUy obferves, that the facility w ith which wood and 
 water are to be obtained, the vaft plenty of vegetables, 
 ' and the abundance of fifli, which may be almolt every 
 where procured, are advantages highly in favour of this 
 pafTage. On our entering the Pacific Ocean, wc 
 found a great fwell running from the S. W. 
 
 On Friday tiie 3oth, we dcfcricd the iiland of MafA 
 Fuero to the weftward. The Commodore thought it 
 mure advifeable to couch here, than at the iflaiid of 
 Juan Fernandcs ; it being rather more fecure than the 
 lattcrt from any difcoveries which the Spaniards might 
 make of our dcfigns: in confeqnencc of which our 
 voyage, a(id all farther difcoveries might have been 
 prevented. Mafa Fuero lies in the latitude of 33 deg. 
 2t min, S.and in 84/ieg. 37 min. W. longitude from 
 Loiyjon. On the 37th,. we, had a diflant view of the 
 iflaitd. the Uf)d of which li&s to a great height. Our 
 cutter was fent aihore tv«. find a place to anchor in, 
 bu. returned at four in tiieaftcrnood withoutfuccefs, 
 
 but 
 
CoMMoooRP. BYRON'i VOYAGE— for making Difcovcrici in the Sou i hern OctAN^?^aii 
 
 bu( caught a gre« number ot'M\. They had no found- 
 ing* with loo fathonii line. On the j8th, however, we 
 came to an anchor on the caft-llde of theifland, in 34 
 iathomt water, at which time the ex:remitie« of the 
 iiland appeared on the S. and N. W. The top* of the 
 nxHintaint are not always to befcen, they being in fome 
 parts covered with clouds, which haiig hovering over 
 them, and the air on their tops being Icldom clear. At 
 eleven in the morning we fcnt out our boat, with an 
 officer, to find out a convenient place to wood and water 
 in on ihore. 
 
 Thefuriiiccofthis ifland is very irre(|;ulari but the 
 valleys have a beautiful verdure, and their fides are full 
 of trees from the top to the bottom. At a great dif- 
 lancc indeed thofc beauties arc not vifible, but when 
 within a mile or thereabouts, they form a moll delight- 
 Ail profpedt. The goats, which we faw in great hum- 
 ben, were fo fliy, that we found it difficult, to get near 
 them, efpeciiilly withmthe dillance of a mufquec <hot ; 
 however, we made a Ihift to kill fome, and wc thought 
 them to be excellent food, particularly the kids. We 
 obfervcd a remarkable circumllancc, with rcfpcA to 
 two of them which we (hot, they having had their ears 
 flit when young. It is probable, that the men who 
 were fcnt on board the Iryal Sloop by lord Anion 
 to examine into the ilateof thi.'i ifland, had more fcrious 
 employment than that of flitting the cars of the gnat.s ; 
 and it appears inucli more probable, that fome fohcary 
 Selkirk had dwik licrt, wlio, Iikc his nainelake, .it Juan 
 Fcrnaadcj, when he caught more than he waiucU, 
 marked, and let them go. However, during our Hay at 
 this place, uc law no traces of any human being. 
 Round tiic foutli-lideof the fliore we lound a red eaiili, 
 imprcgnaicd with large veins of a gold colour, 'liic 
 Ihore^ are every where very flcop, and near them you 
 cannot find lefs than from 2+ to 50 fathoms. We found 
 it ever)- where difficult to get on (hore, it being full of 
 rtKks and large f\ones, w ith a very great I'urf. Round 
 the ifland we met with great quantities of fifh, fuch a- 
 cavalies, brcaiti, maids, and congers of a (articular 
 kind: with a fingul.nr fort of filTi called chimncy- 
 fweepers, Ibmcwhat like our carp, only larger. I'herc 
 is another fpecies of v-aluablc filh which wc called cod. 
 k is not exaiflly like our cod in ihape, but the ufte i^ 
 equally agreeable. We likewife found a great number 
 of cray-fith, which were fo large as to weigh eight 01 
 ten pounds each. We faw a multitude of iharks, one 
 of which was near carrying off one of our men. As 
 the great fwelf wouki not permit the boat to approach 
 the fhore, he was ftvimming a cafk to it; but the failor 
 who was always left to take care of the boat, faw the 
 ihark within a fkw yards of his companion, jutl ready 
 to feize upon him, and called to him to haftcn afliore, 
 which, through his great fright, he could hardly reach. 
 1'hc boat-kcepcr having the boai.hook in his hand, 
 flruck at the Ihark AViih great force, but without any 
 vifible effe<ft. The dog tifli we met with here are very 
 inifchievous, and deftroy abundance of the fmaller fort 
 of fifti: they frciluently obliged us to haul in our lines, 
 for when near, no other fl(h are to be found. Befides 
 thefe, th; Ihorc is generally crouded with feals, and fea- 
 lion<i. The dog-mh dries no: appear to have the leaft 
 rtfcmbhncrofa dog, orany other animal, and there- 
 lore It is diffitulr to determine the derivation of its 
 lume. It has a roundifh body, and inftead of fcales, 
 is covered with that rough Ikin ufed by Joiners and 
 cabinet-makers for polifliing wood, generally known 
 by the nJmfcof tilh-lkin. Its back is of a browniih afli- 
 cTjloiir J but its belly is cortirnonly white, and fmoother 
 ihart the r^ Of its body. The cycS are covered with 
 a' double membrane, and the rhOuth armed with a 
 double row of teeth. It has two fins on the back, with 
 Iharp prickles (landing before them. It brings forth 
 its yoifng allVe, and is never very large, feldoin weigh- 
 ing wore than 26 pounds. The fea-lion has fome re- 
 fciflblancc to a feah; but is of a niuph larger lize, for 
 thefe'anitt>4ils. wheh'fuir grown, are from 12 to 20 feet 
 id' length, and from 8 to 15 feet round. The head is 
 fAUll In proporlidn to the body, arid terminates in a 
 ftMUr* ' In each jaw they have a row of large pointed 
 
 teeth, two thirds of which are in fockets : but thi <irhor\, 
 without them, are mod foiid, and (|and out of i\tc 
 mouth. Thev have fmall eyes and ears, with whilVers 
 like a rat, ana fmall nollrili, <vhich are the only part 
 deditute of hair. The males are dlfllnguidicd by 
 having 1 large fnout or trunk, hanging five or fix inches 
 below the end of the upper jaw, which the femaks have 
 not. The (kin of the lea.lion is covered with a (hort 
 light dun coloured hair, but his fins and tail, which 
 WTicn on (liore, fcrve him for feet, are almoA black » 
 the fin:i or feet are divided at the ends like toes, but 
 are joined by a web, that docs not reach to their ex> 
 tremities, and each toe is furnifhed with a nail. I'hey 
 are fo extremely fat, that on cutting through the (kin, 
 wlii'h is near an inch in thicknefs, there is at Icall a 
 foot of fat before you come to either lean or bones ; 
 .ind yet they are fo full of blood, that if deeply wounded 
 in 10 or I a places, there inllantly guflics out as many 
 fountains of blooil, fpouting to a conliderablediflance. 
 Their flcfli refcmblcs in tafle that of beef; and their fat, 
 on being melted, makes good oil. The males are of a 
 much larger lize than the females, and both of them 
 continue at fea all the Aimmer, and coming afliorc at 
 the beginning of winter, (lay there during that fcafon, 
 when they engender, and bring forth their young, 
 having commonly two at a birth, which they fuckie wiili 
 their milk. On (hore they feed on the verdure that 
 grows near the water: andfleep in herds, in the mo(\ 
 miry places they can find, with fome of the males at a 
 liiHaiae, who arc Aire to alarm them, if any one ap- 
 proaches, fomctimes by fnorting like horfci, and at 
 ithtrs by grunting like hogs. The males have fre- 
 quently furious battles about their females. 
 
 This ifland is lU'ually called by the Spaniards, the 
 Lclfcr Jmn Fernandcs, it being about 22 leagues to 
 the W. by & of the ifland more frequently called by 
 that name : and is ternned Mafa-Fuero, from its being 
 at a greater diflancr from the continent. In his way 
 to this place, tii.- Commodore was not far from the fpot, 
 where' n« had endured the extremity of wrctchednefs 
 24 years before, when he was a midfliipmnn, under 
 Captain Cheap, on board the Wager, a frigate of 
 28 guns, one of the fquadron which was commandeJ 
 by Commodore Anfon, in his memorable expedition to 
 the South Se.i, and which was wrecked on the fliore of 
 an ifland on the coatt of Chiloe. In many rcfpcifb tliis 
 illand and that of Juaa Fcrnandes refemblc c.nch other : 
 the fliorc of both is deep, and for the mod part have 
 little frclh water; but no fpring was here found com- 
 
 y arable to that of the Watering place at the Greater 
 uan Fcrnandes: they are both mountainous, and 
 adorned with a variety of trees, which with the different 
 bearings of the hills, and the windings of the valley* 
 form, even from the fea, the mod rude, and at the fame! ' 
 time the mod elegant profpeds. None of the trees of 
 the greater Juan Fernandcs are large enough for' any 
 confiderable timber, except the myrtle, the trunks of 
 fome of which arc of fuch a fize, as to be worked 40. feet 
 in length. But the goats of the greatei' Juan Fcr- 
 nandes are much fewer in number than at Mafa-Fuerb; 
 the Spaniards having placed no doga on the latter 
 ifland, in ofder to deftroy them. WitK refpciS to 
 the plenty of excellent filh, and the number of amphi- 
 bious animals, as feals and fea-lions, which line the 
 diores of both, they perfedly refemblc each other. In 
 Mafa-Fuero are many cafcades, or fine falls Qf water, 
 pouring down its fides into the fea. But our day here 
 was fo fllort, and wc were fo feldom on (hore, that we 
 had neither leifure nor opportunity to view this little 
 
 ' illand, with the accuracy and precifion tHat might be 
 widied, and that was abfolutely nectlTary for taking a 
 full view of the delightful fpots which wc faw, with the 
 confufion that ncce^rily attends a didant profpedl. 
 I'he greated difadvantage belonging to this ifland is 
 that of not having fuch a commodious harbour, as the 
 
 I illand of Juan Fcrnandes. 
 
 While we were taking in water for the (hips, when- 
 
 : ever our meii found any great furf, they by order of th? 
 
 > Cotnmodorc, fwam to and from the boats in cork 
 
 .jackets ; for he would by no means admit of their going 
 
 into 
 
 
 ".f'! 
 
 1 ' 
 
a. (6 
 
 Y A C; t S K O V N I) the W O R l. |) Co M r i »; i 
 
 
 into (he wttcr without putting thcni on, he bcinu fully 
 fcnttitle, that when properly ircurrtt on the boJjr, the 
 pcriiin who ufc* them cannot poltibly link, or Atlfcr any 
 cimlUlcrabIc inconvenience, it he itoei but lake care to 
 keep hi* head above the furfacc nf the watrr, which 
 ii caflly done. But thcfc jackets nllbrded no defence 
 ■Kainii the lhark% which were oltrn viry near the 
 Tm ininirrs, and would dart even intothc very fiirlto fcizc 
 thmi : our oeoptc hoMcverprovidrntially tlVaped thon. 
 One (if theic voracious fill) feized a large fcal dole to 
 one of the vtatering boats, and devoured it in an in< 
 Pant : and the Conuiiodore law another do the fame, 
 clofc to the Hern of the Htip. Ihc following little 
 advcnture alfo took place while we lay otf this iDand. 
 The gunner and one of the fcamrn, who were with 
 others, on Iliorc for water, were left behind all night, 
 being afraid to venture in the boat, as the fea ran high. 
 I'hc commodore being informed of this circumilance. 
 Tent them word, that as blowing weather might be 
 rx|Kt!lcd,theniip might be driven from her moorings 
 in the nighti in whic-h cafe they would infallibly be left 
 behind. This meflogc being delivered, the gunner 
 fMain to the boati but the faiUir faying, he had rather 
 die a natural death than Ik dmwned, rcfufed to nvike 
 the attrin|K : and taking a melancholy farewell of his 
 companions, rcfolvcd to abide his fatei when jull as the 
 boat was going to put otV, u midfliipmaii tcMik the end 
 of a ro)K' in his Itand, and fAam on Ihorc, where he 
 
 rrmonftraied with the difconfolatc tar on the f(K)lilh 
 refiilutiiHi he had taken, till having an opportunity of 
 throwing ihc ro|>e, in which was a running knot, round 
 his bodv, he called to the buati crew to haul awny, 
 \«ho in/tantly dragged him through the furf into the 
 tM)at ', he had, however, fualloucd lt> much water thai 
 he appeaivd tt) be diad i but by holding him up by the 
 herii, he was fiMn recovered t and on the day follow- 
 ing was perfectly v«ell. 
 
 I laving taken in as much wood and water as the 
 wrnihrr Mould permit, the furf fomctimes fuelling in 
 fuch a innniirr, as to prevent our bouti coming near 
 the lliorc, we thought of leaving the ifland i but ncfoil- 
 our departure, in the evening of the igth, the Com- 
 modore removed Captain M()U.-it from tne I'anuir, ami 
 appointed him Captain of the Dolphin, all flag-oHicer* 
 having n commander under them. This nccafionrd 
 feveral other changes. Mr. Cumming, our Hrft lieu- 
 tenant, was appointed Camnin of the Tamar, and we 
 received in hi» room Mr. Caitcret, her firft lieutenant. 
 The CoiuiiHKlore alfo gave Mr. Kendal, on- nf the 
 niatri of the Dolphin, a k^ommidlon as fecond lieute- 
 nant of the Tamur. Aticr thcfc promotions, mt the 
 ;{oth, wr weighed, and llcered along the K. and N. E. 
 fide of the ifland, but could find no anchoring place i 
 wc bore away therefore, with a Irefh breeze at b. F. and 
 at iHxin the ceuterof thi ifland was dil\ant eight leagues 
 in the direction of S. S. ]i. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 tbf Dnlfi<in and Tiimar conlimif iheir nurfi- /yom tbr l/hmJ if M,i/,i.Fii(ro urlkeard-—>1n ive tff irrlaiu leaHti/ul IjhnJs, 
 ivhub tirf tiamrJ ihr Ijtaihls of Di/iiffoinlmeiit, btcMft iiofUns if Mihcriij^e could />»• fuiiiid — The iidlivvs of ibrfe 
 Ijliindi di-ftrihid — A'i>/f Ofor^f's Tjknds difiovncd — /tmlhtr f/liind is fecn, and ialUd iIm- I'riuce of ll\,\'i'i Ijhnd — 4 
 di/irip/ion of ih-ff ijlundi — Alfo a piirluuUir iiaouit/ oj ibe inbti/'itmih, and of feveral mculents tbal bjpfiiiid wbile tbt 
 jbips n-iTf (xploriiif^ ibchi — Tbf Ijliindof Dutif^tr poffed — Ibc DukcoJ }'ork IjJaiu' di/iovered — Aiiotbtr New ijlaiidJoi4nJ, 
 ■u;bub rcceiws Ibt uatue of Bonn's Ijland — Tie ptifum and tebavkur ^' ibt Indians defcriLd. 
 
 ON the lirl^ of May, being Wcdncfday, we con 
 tinucd to fleer N. by W! but on the 2nd, at 
 noon, we altcro.1 ourt ourfc, and fleered due wefl, with 
 the view of faliinj:; in with an ifland, which is laid down 
 ill the charta b\ the name of Davis's Land, in latitude 
 a7deg. ,10 iiiin. S. but on Thurfday the 9th, the Com- 
 nindoie laid afidu his defign, being in latitude 36 deg. 
 46 min. S. and in 94 deg. 45 min. W. longitudci and, 
 having a great run to make, he determined to fleer a 
 N. \V\ courfe, till he Ihould fall in with a true trade 
 wind, and tnen tofearch for Solomon's Illands ; but the 
 dilcovcry of both thcfe fpots of land was refcrvcd for 
 a future navigator; fur the Commodore, in eroding the 
 fouthcrn ocean, inilTcd of the iflands, which have lince 
 been named the Society Ifles ; and about the fame dif- 
 tancc to the fouthward of the Marqucfas, difcovcrcd 
 by Mondana, a Spaniard, in the year i<97, and after- 
 wards explored by Captain Cook. Wc had hitherto 
 enjoyed a Continued (erics of fine weathers but the 
 nearer we approached the line, the crew began to 
 fall down witn the fcurvy very fafl, and everyday, to 
 the end of this month, brought with it an incrcafc of 
 that dreadful diforder. On the 10th, and following 
 day, wc law feveral dolphins and bonctcas round the 
 fliip,and obfervcd a few birds which had a (hort beak, 
 all their bodies being white, except the back, and the 
 upper part of their wings. On the 14th, in latitude 
 24 deg.' 30 min. S. and >n 97 deg. 45 min. W. longi- 
 tude, we faw more of thele birds, and feveral gram- 
 pufes, from whence imagining we mi^ht appro.ich 
 toward fomc land, we kept a gwd look out, but found 
 our expcdations difappointed. 
 
 On I'hurfday the 1 6th, two remarkable birds, as large 
 as gccfe, with wHitc bodies, and black legs, were o5- 
 firvcd flying very high, from whence it was conjcdurcd 
 that we hA paucd fome main-land, or iflands, to the 
 fouthward of us ; 'for the laH night w« obfervcd, thitt. 
 
 notwithflanding wc had a great fwcll from that quarter, 
 yet th^ water became quite finooth for a few hours, 
 aflcr which the fwetl returned. On Wcdncfday the 
 22nd, being in latitude 20 deg. 52 min. S. and in 
 II 5 deg. ;{8 min. W. the fwcllfrom the (buthward 
 was fo great, that we cxpoflcd every minute, to fee our 
 mafts roll over the Ihip's fide 1 to prevent which, and 
 to cafe the lliip, wc hauled more to the northward. 
 This day we caught, for the tirll time, two boncttas, 
 and were vifitcd by fomc tropic birds, larger than any 
 we had fecn before. Their whole plumage was white, 
 and they had in each of their tails two long feathers. 
 
 On Sunday the 26th, wc were in latitude 16 deg. 
 5 c min. S. and in 127 deg. 55 min. W. longitude, 
 when wc faw two large birds about the (hip, all black, 
 except their necks and beaks. The feathers of their 
 wings and tails were long, vet they flew very heavily. 
 We fuppofcd them, from tnis lafl circumflance, to be 
 a fpccies that did not fly far from the (horc. Wc had 
 imagined, that before wc had run fix degrees to the 
 northward of Mafa-Fuerd, we (hould have Ixcn favoured 
 with a fettled trade wind to the S. E. but the winds 
 flill continued to the north, though wc had a moun- 
 tainous fwcll from the S. W. On the aSth, two other 
 birds, one black and white, and the other brown and 
 white, would have fettled on the yards, but were in- 
 timid.-ited by the working of the (hip. On the 31(1^ 
 our people b^g-an to fall ilown with the fcurvy very fafl, 
 which made us wilh for land. At length, after a paflage 
 
 of 31 days. 
 
 Friday the' 7th of June, atone o'clock, A.M. 
 the 1'amar made the (ignal of feeing land t en which 
 wc brought to till day light -, and in the mean time 
 flattered ourfelvcs with the pleaflng hopes uf gettiiig 
 fome kinds of refrclhmcnts, of which we Hood in 
 great need, efpccialiy for thofc who were fickt vsA 
 wc knew, that the UlanJ^ which are fltUftiMl wfthiit 
 
 twenty 
 
CoMMODom BYRON •« VOYAGE— lor making I)i(iov<-icMn the So i iii '.n oTTTnTs^^T 
 
 twenty define* of ihc line, »rc Jreiiuently well lUirtil 
 with fruit of >ll kindi. S»n aftir «l«y.brcak. \»f ha^l 
 the plnrure of TcrinK ■ low finoll iflami coveinl wuli 
 beautiful treci. titul on ftilina to the leeward, wc wrro 
 regaled with the fmell of the lined fruitt. The wmr 
 wrctchea who were able to trawl upon deck. llooU 
 CMinff on thia little paradife. which howc.er nature 
 had ftirbidden them to enter, with fcnfutioiw which 
 cannot eaflly be conceived. They faw tocoa-nuti in 
 abundance, the milk of which ia (lerhapa the moll 
 powerful antifcorbutic In the world i and to intrcafe 
 their mortification, they faw the fliclli of many turtlci 
 fcaitered about the flwrc. Thefe refrelhmcnti, tor 
 want of which they were lan|;ui<hing to death, were ai 
 c(!c«lhjally beyond their reach, as if there had been halt 
 the circumference of the globe between therm for an 
 officer, having been quite round the illand, reported, 
 that no bottom could be found, within left than acablc'i 
 length from the Ihore, which wai furrounded, clofe to 
 thcTitach with .1 ftecp coral rock ; and that, at the dil- 
 tance of three quarter! of a mile from the (horc, no 
 foundings could be had with 140 fathom of line. Be- 
 lides, had wr at one place caft anchor in 4} fathom*, the 
 furf upon the Ihore was fo great, that the (hip would 
 have been in great danger of being ftrandetl. Thia 
 ifland lies in the latitude of 14 deg. 5 min. S. and 
 in i4?dcR. 4mui. W. longitude from London. It 
 cxtencU 11 miles in length; and in the body of the 
 Ifland is a goo.l deal «rw.iter, which was, we apprehend, 
 wafhed over the banks, aa fome of them appeared to 
 have been broken. We foon perceived it was mhabitcd, 
 for wc faw numbers ofTndiana upon the beach, with 
 (pears in their haixU, that were at Icaft 16 feet long. 
 They ran along the lliore, abreaft of the (hipa, dancing, 
 hallooing, and rtioiiting in the moft hideous manner. 
 They frequently brandiflied their long fpears, and then 
 threw themfelvcs backwards, and lay a few minutca 
 motionlefs, as if they had been dead i doubtlcfs mean- 
 ing to (ignify thereby, that thev would kill whoever 
 fhouki prefumc to j^o on Ihore. Notwithflanding vari- 
 ous tigns of amity and good will were made them by 
 our people in the boat, nothing could abate their hodile 
 difpolition. They nude in their turn ligns for us to 
 be gone ; and always took care, as the boat failed along 
 the (horc, to move in the fame dircdtion, and accom- 
 pany it I and though the men faw fome turtle at a dif- 
 tance, they could get at none, as thofc Indians Aill kept 
 oppoftte to them. The Tailors were eager to fire on the 
 brave defenders of their native foil, but their officers 
 withheld them from fuch a wanton aA of cruelty ; and 
 as no anchorage could be found, the Commodore 
 thought it moll advifcabic to (leer to the adjacent 
 ifland. Thefe Indiana arc of a very black complexion, 
 with well proportioned limbs, and feemed to be ex- 
 tremely adivc, and fleer of foot to an aflonilhing degree. 
 Their women, who were only to be diAinguifheu by 
 their bofoms, had fomething twilled round tneir waifta, 
 and hanging down from thence, to hide what nature 
 taught tncm to conceal, as had alio the men ; and this 
 was their only cloathing. They altogether amounted 
 to about 50 in number; and to the S. W. we could 
 perceive their huts, under the fltadc of the moft lovely 
 grove we ever faw. Wiiilcfailingalong(horc, wc took 
 notice, that in one place the natives hM (ixed upright 
 in the fand two fpears, to the top of which they had 
 fallcned fcveral things that fluttered in the air, and that 
 fome of them were cvli} ihuhiliil kneeling down before 
 them, as we fuppofcd, invoking afliflancc of fome in- 
 vifible being to defend them againft their invadcra. 
 Among other figns of good will th.nt they could devifv, 
 our men threw them brc.td, and many other thinga, 
 none of which they >'ouchrafcd lb much as to touch, 
 but with great expedition hauled five or fix liise canoea, 
 which we faw on the beach, up into a woocT When 
 thia was done they waded into the water, '^nd (eemed 
 to watch for an opportunity of laying hukl of the boat, 
 that they might drag her on (liore. 
 
 On Saturday the 8ch, the boats having reported a 
 Iccond tinfK, that no anchoring ground could be found 
 Hbaut thia illand, we worked, at fuc o'clock, P. M, 
 
 II 
 
 uiiUr the lee of the oiher ifland, which lay to the 
 Mi'flviard of the farmer, ami fent cntt «mr cutter to 
 found lor a place to anchor in. We now ohl" rvnl 
 rcver.il other low illaiuU, or rather iKninlulm, tmoII of 
 them being joined one to the other l)v a neck ol laiul, 
 very n.irrow, and almoll level with tne ruil.iceor (lie 
 w.itcr, which breaks high over it. Il< iv, to our great 
 difappoinimeni, no relrelliments rotilil he piocuicd, 
 owing to the itucceirtble nature of the coall ; aivl wc 
 faw a much greater number of Indians fiirroiindiiig the 
 fliorr, who, with f|Kar.i o> cqu'il length, lollowid us 
 in Ilk manner, fcveral hundred* of thcin running alKiut 
 thecii.iil in great diforder; and at the fanie iiiiic wc 
 belicUl the illand covered with a prodigious ntinber 
 of cucoa-niit, plantain, and (amariiui tuts, ilavng 
 waited fome time with great impatience liir the rcriiin 
 of our cutter, we lired a gun, as a lignal lor our nun to 
 come on board, which terriblv alaimtd the Indians, 
 who feemed to conluli among thcmlc Ives m hut iiiealurcM 
 it would be moll prudent tc>r them to take. Tluy kept 
 abr.^all of the boats, n» they went fouiullng along the 
 fliorr, and ufeil many threatening gelUias, to lUter 
 them from landing. I'helr canons tiny dragged into 
 the wooils, and at ihc (ametimc the women came witli 
 great Hones in tlicir haiuls, to allKl the men tn pre- 
 venting, what they doubtlcfs tliou>.;lit to be, our hoililc 
 intcniions. 'i he cutter returned near ikmh, bi ingiiii; 
 much the fame account ot thi'- :>s ol tl-,c o'lur inaivf, 
 there being no I'uuiulings at a laMc's liiij.'ili 1 10m ihc- 
 fliore, wicit a line of 100 lathoms. This gave ux in- 
 exprclliblc concern, as we had now jo lii k on Imaid, 
 to whcmi the land air, the fruit and vincrahlrs, that ap- 
 peared lb bcaiititiil andatirai'.tive, wouhl have alfbrittd 
 immediate relief and returning heakh. Mtulln;.^ it i'n- 
 
 (wlfible to obtain thofc tempting rcfrcninRnts vliich 
 lung full in our view, we quitted, with longing eyes, 
 this p.iradife in appearance, to which the nam'; was 
 with propriety given of the Iflands of Difappoiiun.ent, 
 Continuing our courfeto thewellwaid, on the yih wc 
 faw land again, at the dillantc of liven leagues, 
 W. S. W. At feen o'clock, P. M. we b:ought to for 
 the night. In the morning of the loth, being «ithin 
 three miles of the Ihore, we found it to be a long low 
 ifland, with a white beach of a pic lant appearance, 
 covered with cocoa-nut and other tiers, and I'lrrounded 
 with a rock of red coral. Wc flood along the N. E. 
 fde, within half a mile of the ftiore, and the natives, on 
 feeing us, made great fires, and ran along the beach, 
 abreatlof the (hips in great numbers, armed like the 
 natives ofihciHands wchad laft vifitcd, and like iliem, 
 they appeared to be a robufl and fierce race of men. 
 Over the land we could difccrn a large lake ot falt- 
 watcr, which apjiearcd to be two or three leagues wiiie. 
 and to rc»ch within a fmall diflance of the oppolitc 
 fliore. Into this lake we obfervcd a liuall inlet, about a 
 league from the S. W. point, where is a little town 
 feated upder the (hade of a fine grove of cocoa-nut- 
 trcc*. The Commodore immediately fent oil" the 
 boats to found ; but they could find no anchorage, the 
 fliore being every where perpendicular as a wall, ex- 
 cept at the mouth of the inlet. Wc flood clofe in with 
 the ftiore, and faw hundreds of the natives ranged in 
 good order, and flanding up to their waifts in water: 
 they were all armed, like thofc we had fecii in the other 
 iflands, and one of them carried a piece of mat, faftened 
 to the top of a pole, which we imagined was an enlign. 
 They made a loud and incelfant noife j and in a little 
 time, many large canoes came down to the boats, but 
 with no friendly intentions, for we foon perceived their 
 main deflgn was to haul our boats on fliore. One of 
 theni went irito the Tamar's boat, and with the greatcft 
 adroitnefa fcized a feaman'sjacket.and jumping over- 
 board with it, never once appeared^ove water, till 
 he waa clofe in (hore among his com;>arion» : another 
 gotholdof amidfhipman's hat, but not knowing how 
 to take it olT, he pulled it downwards, inllead of lifting 
 it up J fo that the owner had time to prevent his 
 ttking it away. Our feamci} bore thefe infults with 
 much patience, as tiwif^ifions of the Omplc children 
 of nature. 
 
 i O Finding 
 
 
 i 
 
 ,i 
 
 

 238 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compiete. 
 
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 Finding about noon, that there was no anchorage 
 here, we iteered along the (horc to the weftcrmoft point 
 of the ifland,and when we came to it wc faw another 
 ifland, bearing S. W. by W. at about four leagues dif- 
 uncc. We were now about one league b^ond the 
 inlet, where we had left the natives : but they were 
 not contented with our havins quietly left themt 
 for we now obferved two large double canoes failing 
 after the (hip, with about 30 men in each, all armed 
 after the manner of their country. The boats were a 
 good M ay to leeward of us ; and the canoes pafling be- 
 tween the (hip itti the Ihors, feemed to chace tliem 
 with great refolution. Upon this the Commodore 
 made a (ignal for the boats to fpeak with the cano^, 
 which they no fooner perceived, than they turned 
 towards the Indians, who being inlbintly feized with a 
 fudden panic, hauled down their laiis, and paddled away 
 at a furprizing rate. The boats, however, came up 
 with them; but notwithftanding the dreadful furf that 
 broke upon the fhore, the canoes pulhed through it, 
 and were inftantlv hauled upon the beach. Our boats 
 f> Ilowed them, when the natives, dreading an invafion 
 of their country, prepared to defend it with javelins, 
 clubs, and fioncs : upon feeing this our men fired, and 
 killed two or three of them ; one of whom who Rood 
 dofe to the boats, received three balls, which pofled 
 
 Suitethrough his body ; yet he afterwards tookupalaige 
 one, and died in the adion of throwing it. The 
 Indians carried off the reft of their dead, except this 
 one man, and made the beft of their way back to their 
 companions at the inlet. The boats then returned, 
 and brought off the two canoes they had purfued. One 
 of them was 33 feet long, and the other fonKwhat lets : 
 both were of a very curious conftrudlion, and mutt have 
 been fc.-med with prodigious labour. They confifted 
 of planks exceedingly wefl wrought, and in many places 
 adorned with carving ; thefc pbinks were fewcd together, 
 and over every feam there was a (lip of tortoifeflieli, very 
 ingenioufly Mened to keep out the weather. Their 
 bottoms were as fharp as a wedge ; and the boats being 
 very narrow, two of them were joined laterally together 
 by a couple of ftrong fpars, fo that there was a fpace of 
 about ctcht feet between them. A mad was hoided in 
 each, andafailwasfpread between themafts : this fail was 
 made of matting, and remarkable for the ncatneis of its 
 workmanftiip. Their paddles aUb are very curious, and 
 their cordage as good, and as well made as any in 
 England, though it appeared to be made only of the 
 outer covering of the cocoa-nut. When thefe veflcls 
 fail, feveral men fit on the fpors which hold the canoes 
 together. The furf which broke high upon the ihore, 
 rendering it impofTible to (nocurc refreflunents for the 
 fick, in this part of the ifland, we returned back to the 
 inlet, in order to try yhat more could be done there ; 
 but the boats being fent to found the inlet again, re- 
 turned, and confirmed their former account, that it 
 atlbrdcd no anchorage for a (hip. While the boats 
 were abfcnt, a great number of the natives were feen 
 upon the foot where we had left them in the momii^ 
 who feentcd very bufy in kwdine and manning fome 
 canoes which lay clofe to the beach. The Commodore, 
 thinking they mi^t be troubieibme, and being unwiH* 
 ing to have recourfe to the fanguinary means v^tch had 
 before been ufed, fired a (hot over their heads, which 
 produced the intended effort, for they in(tantly dif- 
 
 d:d. Jufl before the clofe of the evening, our boats 
 cd.and brought 4>fr a few coco»-nuts, but (aw none 
 of the inhabitants. 
 
 On Tuefday the | ith, in the morning, the Com- 
 modore, with all the men who were ill of the fcurvy, 
 and capablcof doing it, went on fhore, where they con- 
 tinucd the whole day. ' The houl^ were totally defertcd, 
 except by the dpgs, who howled ineeflantly, from the 
 tiine we came on (hore, till we returned to theibip. 
 The wigwams were low mean (truAures, thatched wkh 
 the leaves of cocoa-nut tfees; but they were delight- 
 fully lituatcd in afmegroveof flately trees: maliy of 
 which were fuch as we were entirely unacquainted with. 
 The (horc was covered with eofal, «id (hells of very 
 r^/ge pearl oyllers, and the Commodore fttfnly bdlevca,' 
 2 
 
 
 that as profitable a pearl filhcry mlRht be cfiablifhcd here 
 as any in the world, in one of the huts was found the 
 carved head of a rudder, which had evidently belonged 
 to a Dutch long-boat. It was very old and worm- 
 eaten. A piece of hammered iron, a piece of bra(s, and 
 fome fmall iron-tools, were alfo found, all which had . 
 mod probably been obtained from the fame (liip to 
 which the boat belonged, llie inhabitants of thefe 
 iflands were not over-burdened with cloathing: the 
 men uy faw were naked, but the women had a piece of 
 cloth of fome kind hanging from the waifi as low as the 
 knee. The cocoa-nut tree feeins to furnifli them with 
 all the nece(raricsof life, particularly food, fails, cordage, 
 timber, and vefifelsto hold water. Clofe to their houfcs 
 we difcovered buildings of another kind, which ap- 
 peared to be bury ing-puccs. They were fituatcd under 
 lofty trees that gave a thick gloomy (hade : the (idc< 
 and tops were of ftone, and they fomewhat refembled 
 in their figure, the fquare tombs with a flat top in our 
 country church-yards. Near thefe buildings we found 
 many neat boxes, full of human bones; and>upon the 
 branches of the trees that (haded them, hung a great 
 number of heads and bones of turtles, and a variety of 
 other fifli, inclofed with a kind of bafliet-work of 
 reeds. We here faw no venomous creature ; but the 
 mufquetocs covered us from head to foot, and infefied 
 not^only the boat, but the fliip, bcii.g an intolerable 
 torment. We obferved a great number of parrots, 
 and parroquets, with a variety of other birds, altogether 
 unknow n to us. We faw alfo a beautiful kind of doves, 
 fo tame, that fome of them frequently came clofe to us, 
 and followed us into the Indian huts. The fic(h water 
 here is good but rather fcarce : the wells that fupply 
 the natives being (b fmall, that when two or three 
 cocoa-nut (hells have been filled from them, they are 
 dry for a few minutes i but as they ptcfently fill a^in, 
 if a little pains were uken to enlarge them, they would 
 abundantly fupply any fliip with water. We obtained 
 cocoa-nuts and fcurvy.grafs in great quantities, which 
 were moll ineftiraable acquifitions, as by this time there 
 was not a man on board who was wholly untouched with 
 the fcurvey. All this day the natives kept thcmfelvca 
 clofoly concealed, and did not even make a fmoke 
 upon any oart of the ifland, as far as we could fee. 
 In the evening we all returned on board, highly plcafcd 
 with this day's amufcment and work. This ifland lies 
 about 67 leagues from the iflands of Difappointmenr, 
 in the direduon of W. half S. and in the latitude of 
 i4deg. 39 min. S. longitude 148 dcg. 50 min. W. 
 The inhabitants feem to have fome notions of religion, 
 OS we faw a place, which we concluded to be appro, 
 priated to their manner of worfliip. A rude, but very 
 agreeable avtoue opened to a (jpacious area, in which 
 was one of the ItrgcA and molt fpreading cocoas wc 
 faw in the place ; before which were feveral lai^e (tones, 
 probably atears ; and from the tree hung the figure of a 
 doR adorned with tieathers. 
 
 On Wednefday the i3th, we vifitcd another ifland 
 which had been feen to the weflward; and fleered 
 S. W. by W. clofe along the N. E, fide of it, which is 
 about f» or fcven leagues long. This ifland nukes 
 much the&me appearance as the other, having a large 
 ^t lake in the middle of it. The (hip no fooner came 
 in light, than the natives repaired in great numbers to 
 the beach, armed in the fame manner as ihofc already 
 defrribed. but not of fuch boiflerous manners. Tlw 
 boats founded as ufual along the flwre, but had (IriA 
 orders not to mded the Indians, except it ihovld be 
 abfolutely neoeflTary in their own defence; hut on tha 
 contrary, toufe every gentle method in order to obtain 
 . their cmfidence and good will. They rowed as near 
 the fliore at they duHl for the furf; arid making figns 
 6f their wanting water, the Indiana readily underAoofl 
 them, and dircded them to run down fimher alon^ the 
 (hore, which they did, till they came abreail of fi«;h a 
 .duller of houics, as we had jull left upon the other 
 ifland. The Indians followed them thithi;r, and were 
 there joined t^ many others. The boats iaiinedi%tcly 
 hMfed clofe into the furf, and we brought to with t)ie 
 (hibs, at a little diftance from the flwre; upon wniicb^a 
 
Commodore BYRON'S VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean. &c. 239 
 
 IhHJt old m«n, with a long white beard, came down 
 from the houfe* to the beach, attended by a young 
 man, and appeared to have the authority of a chief or 
 king. On hi» malting a fignal, the reft of the Indians 
 retired to a fmali diftance, and he then advanced to 
 the water's edge, holding in one hand the green bra|ich 
 of a tree, and in the otner grafping his beard, which 
 he preiled to bis bofom. In this attitude he made a 
 UmfT fpcech, or rather fong, for it had un agreeable 
 cadence. We were forry that we could not underftand 
 Mm, but to (hew our good will, while he was fpeak- 
 ing. we threw him fome trifling prefenu, which he 
 would neither touch himfelf. nor fuifer them to be 
 touched by others, till he had done. He then walked 
 into the water, and threw to us the green branch t 
 after which he took up the things which had been 
 thrown from the boau. Every thing having now a 
 firiendly appearance, we made figns that they Ihould lav 
 down their arms; and moft of them having complied, 
 one of the midlhipnMn, encouraged by thu teftinnony 
 of confidence and friendfliip. leaped out of the boat 
 with his clothes on, and fwam through the furf to the 
 ihiore. on which the Indians flocked round him. finging 
 and dancing as if to cxprefs their jo^. and began to 
 examine his ckxhes with feeming cunofity t they par- 
 ticularly Ihewed figns of admiration on viewiiw his 
 waiftcoat 1 upon which he took it off, and prelented 
 it to them. This adl of generofity had a dilagree J>lc 
 tffeA i for he had no fooner given away his waiftcoar, 
 than one of the Indians untied his cravat, and the next 
 moment fnatched it from his neck, and ran away with 
 it. He therefore, to prevent his beihg ftripped, made 
 thebcftof his way back to the boat. We were dill 
 however upon good terms, and feveral of the Indians 
 fwam ofi^ to us, wme of them bringing a cocoa-nut. and 
 others a little frclh water in a cocoa-nut (hell. We 
 endeavoured to obuin from them fome pearls, but we 
 could not make ourfelves underftood. We (houk). how- 
 ever, probably have fucceeded better, ha' mi intcrcourfe 
 of any kind been eftabliflicd between us, but unluckily 
 no anchorage could be found for the Ihips. In the lake 
 •me faw two very large veflcls, oncof which had two mafls. 
 and fome cordage aloft. To thefctwo iflands the Coin- 
 Riodoregavethc name of KingGcorae'sIflands,in honour 
 of his prefcnt Majefty. That which we iaft vifited lies in 
 latitude 1 ^dcg. 41 min. S. longitude 1 49 deg. 1 5 min. W. 
 On Thurroav the 13th, having continued our courfe 
 to the weftward, about three o'clock. P. M. we defcried 
 land, bearing S. S. W. diflant fix leagues. We im- 
 mediately flood for it. and found it to lie E. and W. 
 and to be about 60 miles in length. It is diAant from 
 King George's Iflands about 48 leagues, in the direc- 
 tion of fouth 80 deg. W. fituatcd in the latitude of 
 15 d^. S. and the weftermoft end of it in iji deg. 
 53 mm. W. longitude. We ran along the fouth-fide ' 
 of it, and the appearance of the country exhibited a 
 plcafant green furface; but a dreadful furf breaks upon 
 every part of the fliore. with foul ground at fome dif- 
 tance, and at about three leagues are many rocks and 
 iflots. It has a narrow neck of land running S. by W. 
 and N. by E. We faw a number of Indians, and feveral 
 canoes difperfcd about different parts of the ifland, to 
 which was given the name of the Prince of Wales's 
 Ifland. From its weftem extremi^, we (leered north 
 S3 deg. W. and on the i6th at noon, obferved in la- 
 titude 14 deg. 38 oiin. S. and in 156 deg. 33 min. W. 
 longitude. The mountainous fwell from the fouthward, 
 which to this day we had loft, now returned ; and we 
 were attended '^ith vaft flocks of birds, which in the 
 evening took thcii fltsht to the liawthward ; from which 
 appearances we c< aduded, more land lay in that direc- 
 tion I the difcovery of which we fliould have attempted, 
 had not the ficknefs of the crews in both fliips been 
 an infiiperablc bar to fiich an attempt. On the 1 7th. 
 the fwell continued, and various kinds of birds flew 
 about thefliipi fuppofing therefore land to be not far 
 diftant, we proccedr J with' caution, for the iflands in 
 this patt of the ocean .r >der navigation very dangerous, 
 thc^ being To k>w, that a Ihip may be ck>re in with thetii 
 before the]ra(c4eeB. Nathing jiuterial occurred on * 
 
 the 1 8th and 19th. On the 20th, we found ourhtitude 
 to be 1 3 deg. ;).) min. S. longitude 167 deg. 47 min. W, 
 The prince of Wales's Ifland, diftant 313 leagues. 
 
 On Friday the 3 1 ft, at fcven o'clock, A. M. we again 
 faw land a-hcad. bearing W. N. W. and diftant about 
 eight leagues. It had the appearance of three iflands • 
 from this point of fight s and the.Commodore took them 
 for Solomon's Iflands, fcen by Quiros, in the beginning 
 of the 1 7th century, and very imperfcdUy defcribed by 
 him. But on our nearer approach, we found only a 
 tingle illand. about 1 3 miles in length, furrounded with 
 ftioals ;ind breakers, on which account it was named the 
 Ifland of Danger. The reef of rocks which we firft 
 faw. when wc approached this iflc, lies in latitude 
 10 deg. 15 min. S. and in 169 deg. 38 min. W. 
 longitude -, and it bears from this reef W. N. W. dif- 
 tant nine leagues. From the Prince of Wales's Ifland 
 it bean north 76 deg. 48 min. W. diftant nine leagues. 
 As you run in with the land, you fee the fands, and 
 about feven leagues ofl^from the mofl caftem parts of 
 the ifland, lies a ridge of rocks, near a quarter of a mile 
 in length, and when abreaft of thefe, die ifland bears 
 W. by N. We failed roimd the north end. and upon - 
 the N. W. and W. fide faw innumerable rocks and 
 (hoals. which ftrctched near two leagues into the fea, 
 and were extremely dangerous. But as to the ifland 
 itfelf, it had a more beautiful and fertile appearance 
 thanany we had fcen before, and, like the reft, abounded 
 with people and cocoa-nut trees. I'he habitations of 
 the natives we faw ftanding in groups all alonz the 
 coaft. At a diftance from this we obferved a large 
 velTcl under fail. It was with much 1 egret that we 
 could not fuflicicnily examine this place, \vnich we were 
 obliged to leave by rcafon of the rocks and breakers, 
 that furrounded it in every diredion, which rendered 
 the hazard attending a minute furvey, more than an 
 equivalent to every advantage we might procure. 
 
 On Sunday the 23d, having ftill proceeded in our 
 courfe to the weftward, at nine o'clock, P. M. the 
 Tamar, who was a-head. fired a gun. and our people 
 imagined they faw bickers to the leeward t but we 
 were foon convinced, that what had been taken for 
 breakers, was nothinfr more than the undulating re- 
 fledion of the moon, whica was going down, and (hone 
 fiiintly from behind a cloud in tne horizon. We had 
 this day exceflive hai- i (bowers of rain, on which we 
 feizcd fuch a favourable opportunity of filling our 
 calks with a frefli fupply of water. 'This is performed 
 on board of (hip, by extending large pieces of canvafs 
 in an horizontal pofition, hanging them by the comers* 
 and placing a cannon ball, or any heavy body in ths 
 center; by which means the rain running trickling 
 .down to the middle, pours in a ftream into the cafks 
 pUccd under. In this manner the Manilla (hips, 
 during the long paflages they make through the South 
 Seas, recruit their water, from t'ne great (bowers of rain 
 which at this feafon of the year fall in thefe latitudes, 
 for which purpofe they always carry a great number of 
 earthen-jars with them. On the 34th, we had moderate 
 fair weather, and at ten o'clock, A. M. we defcried 
 another ifland, bearing S. S. W. diftant about feven 
 or eight leagues. We found it to be low, and covered 
 with wood, among whitzh, were cocoa-nut trees in great 
 abundance. But though the place itfelf has ^ plnfant 
 appearance, a dreadful fea breaks upon almoft every 
 part of the coaft. and a great deal of foul ground lies 
 about it. A large lake is in the middle of this ifland, 
 and it is near 30 miles in circumference. It is about 
 four leagues in length from E. to W. nearly as much 
 in breadth, and lies in latitude 8 deg. 33 min. S. and 
 in 178 deg. 16 min. W. longitude from London. Wc 
 failed quite round it. and. when on the lee-fide, fent 
 our boats out to found for an anchomng-place. They 
 returned with the unfavourable news that no foundings 
 wercto begot near the (hore. However, having been 
 difpatched a fccond time ro procure fome refrefhmencs 
 for the fick, they landed wi^ great difficulty, and 
 brought off about 200 cocoa-nuts, which to perfbos in 
 our circumftances, were an incftimable treafurc. They 
 foitnd on fhore tiioufands ^| fca-fowl fitting on theit 
 
 ncfts, 
 
 CIS 
 Ml 
 
 }? 
 
 
 t. f 
 
24<3 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 )i ■ 
 
 i ' 
 
 n.'fts, and f« diverted of (car, that 'hey did not attempt 
 to move at the approach of the feanien. but fuHcred 
 theiTifelvcs to be knocked down, having no apprchen- 
 fion of the mifchief that was intendra thcni. The 
 ground was covered with land crabs ; thcfc were the 
 only animals we faw, nor did we obfcrve the leart fign 
 (if any inhabitants ; and it was fuppofed never before 
 to have received the mark of human foot fteps. The 
 Commoilore was inclined to believe, that this ifland 
 was the fame that in the French charts is laid down 
 about a degree to the eartward of the great ifland of 
 Saint Elizai)eth, which is the principal of Solomon's 
 Illands.but being afterwards convinced of the contrary, 
 he named it the Duke of York's Ifland, in honour of 
 his late roval highnels. 
 
 On Friday the 38th. wc gave up all hopes of feeing 
 Solomon's Iflands, which we had expedcd to vifit, and 
 fhould certainly have found, had there been any.fuch 
 iflands in the latitude in which they are placed in our 
 maps. Thcfe iflands are faid to have been difcovercd 
 by Ferdinand dc Qui'ros, who reprefcnted them as ex- 
 ceeding rich and populous; and Icveral Spaniards who 
 have pretended thit they were driven thither by ftrefs of 
 weather, have faid, that the tiatives, with rcfpcift to their 
 behaviour, were much like thofe of the continent of 
 America, and that they had ornaments of gold and 
 lilver ; but though the Spaniards have at different times 
 lent fcveral pcrlons in fearch of thefe iflands, it was 
 always without fucccfs : which mull probably proceed, 
 either from the uncertainty of the latitude in which 
 they arc faid to be found, or the whole being a fidion. 
 There is indeed good rcafon to believe, that there is 
 no good authority &r laying down Solomon's Iflands in 
 the lituation that is afligncd them by the French: the 
 only perfon who has pretended to have feen them, is 
 the above mentioned Quiros.and wc doubt whether he 
 left behind hini any account of thcrti, by which they 
 might be found by future navigators. However, wc 
 continued our courfe in the track of thefe fuppofed 
 iflands, till the 39th, and being then 10 dcg. to the 
 weftward of their lituation in the chart, without having 
 feen any thing of them, wc hauled to the northward, 
 in order to crofs the line, and afterwards to fliape our 
 courfe for the Lad rone I Hands, which though a long 
 run, we hop>ed to accomplifh, before we fhould be diu 
 trcfTcd tor water, notwithftanding it now began to fall 
 ihort. This day we obfcrved in latitude 8 d«g. 
 13 min. S. and in 176 min. 20 min. E. longitude. 
 
 On Tucfiliy the and of July, at four o'clock, P. M. 
 .we difcovercd an ifland bearing north, diftant fix leagues. 
 Wcrtood for it till fun-fet, and then kept ort'anid on 
 for the night. In the morning wc found it to be a low 
 tiat illand, of a moll delightful afpeiil, full of wood, 
 among which the cocoa-nut tree was very confpicuous. 
 
 However, we had the mortification to find niuch foul 
 ground about it, upon which the fea broke with a 
 threatening furf. We fleered along the S. W. fide of 
 it, which we Judged to be about four leagues in iengtli, . 
 and foon perceived that it was not only inhabited, but 
 very populous. Immediately about 60 canoes, or rather 
 pruis, put oft' to the fliips, none of which had fewer 
 than three, nor more than fix perfons on board. Thefe 
 Indians had nothing of that fierce difpofition, which 
 had, in many inrtances, totally cut oft" all friendly in- 
 tercourfe. After gazing at the fhips for fonie time, one 
 of them fuddenly fprung out of his proa hitothe fea, 
 and fwam to the Dolphin, then ran up the iidcs like a 
 cat. He had no fooner readied the decks, than fitting 
 down, he buril into a violent fit of laughter ; then 
 rtarted up, and ran all over the fhip, attempting to rteal 
 whatever he could lay his hands on ; but, bemg ftark 
 naked, he was always foiled. A Teaman put him on 
 a jacket and.trowfers, which caufed great diverfion, as 
 he difplayed all the antics of a monkey. At length he 
 leaped over-board, with his new habiliments, and fwam 
 back to his proa. The fucccfs of this adventurer en- 
 couraged feveral others to fwim to the fhip, and what- 
 ever they could feizc they carried olF with aftonilhing 
 agility. Thefe Indians are tall, well-proportioned, and 
 Clean limbed j their fkin of a bright copper colour ; 
 their features exceeding regular; and their coun> 
 tenanccs exprefling a furprifing mixture of intrepidity 
 and cheerfulnefs. Their hair is black and long, which 
 fome wore tied up behind in a great bunch, others in 
 knots: fome had long beards, fome only whifkers, and 
 fome nothing more than a fmall tuft at the point of 
 the chin Except their ornaments, they were all (lark 
 naked : thefe confirted of (hells very prAtily difpofed> 
 and rtrunc together, and were worn round their necks, 
 wrirts and waifls. All their ears were bored, but no 
 ornameats were feen in them; though as the lobe»of 
 their ears hung down almort to their (houlders, it is 
 highly probable, tliat fomething of confidcrable we^t 
 . is at times affixed to them by way of ornament. One 
 man in the group appeared to be a perfon of confe- 
 quence; he had a firing of human teeth nwind hii 
 wairt, which nothins that was fhewed him could in- 
 duce him to part with. Some were uniirmcd, but other., 
 had a very formidable weapon, confilHng of a kind of 
 fpear, very bnxid at the end, and iluck full of fltark's 
 teeth, which are as (harp as a lancet at the fides, for 
 about three feet of its length. The officers fhcwcd 
 them cocoa-nuts, and made figns that they wanted more ; 
 but inflead of giving any intimation that their country 
 fiimifhed fuch fruit, they endeavoured to feize upon 
 thofe they faw. To this ifland we gave the name of 
 Byron's Ifland. It is feated in latitude i deg. 18 min. 
 S. and in 1 73 deg. 46 min. E. longitude. 
 
 Os= 
 
 C H A P. IV. 
 
 ^heiivojbips dt'purl from Byron's Ifland— JCnfi the Eauiaoxial Line— Arrive at Tinian— Anchor in the very /pot where 
 ijji-d Aiifjii hiy in ibe Ciniurion — A dejcriptie^t of IM ifland, -with remarkable incid'-ls and trimfailioiis — Ohfervationt 
 »tt the Indians, and the conjlruilwH ef their proas — They /ail from the Ladrone Iflands — Touch at the ifle of Pulo Timoan. 
 — An acnurit of the MalAys— Arrive at Batavia — jt particular de/cription 0/ the fiale and fituation of ibis country — 
 i'ajfa^e/rom Balaiia to the Cape of Good Hope — Oh/erva/ions during our flay there — Set /ail and pa/s the ifland of St. 
 Helena— -The 'tamar fleers fir ylnlipta in order to refit — Ami the Dolpbiu on the ^tb of May, 1 766, anchor in the 
 Dozvns. 
 
 ON Wcdnefday the third of July, we fent out the 
 boats to found, foon after we had brought to off 
 Byron's Ifland; uhen returned, they reported, that 
 there was depth of m-oimd at 30 fathom, within iwo 
 cablci length ot the fliore, but as the bonom wascoial 
 rock, and the foundings much too near for a (hip to lie in 
 fafety, wc were obliged to make fail, without havinat 
 procured any refrclhiitents tor our fick. We now flecicd 
 nearly due north, and crofl'ed the line two dqi^Rct be- 
 yond the extremity of wellcrn longitude from London^ 
 or in 17S deg. K. In our courfe, wc faw great qvan- 
 I 
 
 titles of fifh, but none could be ukcn, except fliarks, 
 which were become a good difh even at the Commo* 
 dore's own table. 
 
 On Sunday the 3 1 (I, all our cocoa-nuts by this time 
 being expended, the nwn began to fall down again with 
 the fcHrvy. Thefe nuts had, in an artonifhing. man- 
 ner, checked the progrefs of this dreadful diforder : 
 many whoTc limbs were become as black as ink, who 
 could not move without the affiftance of two men, and 
 who, befidcs being entirely difablcd, fuffcred excruciate 
 ingpain. had been in a few days, b/ eating thefe nun^ 
 
 (a 
 
' • • ■ - ' — ' • • iiiriiiMiiii I— ii I •■••TTi- 
 
 CoMMObORE BYRON's VOYAGE— for iritking Dlfcoveriw in the Sovthbrn Ocb an» &e. «4i 
 
 fo far rtcovcred, 4s W do their dUty, and tvtn go aloft 
 as well as they did before they were feized by this dif- 
 temper. The favoortble report which the wHter of. 
 Lord Aflfon's voyage had made Of Tiniart, one of the 
 Ladroncs. (i range ofidands fo named by Magellan, 
 on One of which fie loft his life, in an encounter with 
 the natives) induced our Commodore to proceed to fo 
 friendly an afylum, as that was defcribed to be, for djf- 
 eafed and exhauftcd mariners. Accordingly on the 
 aSth, in latitude 13 deg. min.N. and in 158 deg. 
 CO min. E. longitude 1 and being now nearly m the 
 parallel of Tinlan, we (hapcd our courfc for that ifland. 
 On the 30th we again faw land, which proved to be the 
 iflands of Saypan, Tinian, and Aiguigan, which are be- 
 tween two and three leagues diftant from each other. 
 On the 3 1 ft, we fteered along the eaft-fide of them, and 
 kt noon,' hauling round the fouth point of Tinian, be- 
 tween that ifland and Aiguigan, anchored at the S. W. 
 point of it, in 16 fathonu n-ater, on good ground, and 
 m the very fpot where Lord Anfon lay in the Centurion, 
 in Auguft 1 742. As foon as the ftiip was fecured. the 
 Cofhmodore went on fliore, to fix upon a place where 
 tents might be creAed for the fick, not a fingle man 
 being at this lime free from the fcurvy, and many 
 were in the laft fta^ of it j yet not one on board had 
 died fince our fcttme out from England. We found 
 fevcral huts which had been left by the Spaniards and 
 Indians the year before ; for this year none of them as 
 yet had been at the place, nor was it probable that thev 
 fhould come for fome months, the fun being now almou 
 vertical, and the rainy feafon fet in. The Commodore 
 affirmed, that he never felt fuch heat, either on the coaft 
 of Guinea, in the Weft Indies, or upon the ifland of 
 St. Thomas, which is under the line. The thermo- 
 meter which was kept on board the Dolphin, generally 
 ftood at 86 degrees, which is but degrees lefs than the 
 heat of the blood at the heart, and had it been on ihorc, 
 it would have rofe much higher. After a fpot had been 
 fixed upon for the tents, fix or feven of the men en- 
 deavoured to pufti through the woods, in fearch of the 
 beautiful lawns and meadows defcribed in Anfon's 
 voyage ; but the trees ftood fo thick, and the place was 
 fo overgrown with underwood, that they could not fee 
 three yards before them ; they were therefore obliged to 
 be continually hallooing to each other, to prevent their 
 being fcparatcly loft m this tracklcfs wildernefs. As 
 the weather was intolerably hot, they had nothing on 
 but their flioes, flilrts, and trowfcrs ; and thefe.were foon 
 torn to pieces by the bufties and brambles : at laft, how- 
 ever, they got through, with incredible labour and dif- 
 ficulty ; Diit found the lawns entirely overgrown with a 
 ftubborn kind of reed or brufli, in many places higher 
 than their heads, and no where lower than their middles, 
 which continually entangled their legs, and cut them 
 like whipcord. During this excurfion, they were covered 
 with flies from head to foot ; and whenever they offered 
 to fpeak, they were furc of having a mouthful, many ot 
 which never failed to get down their throats. After 
 having walked three or four miles they faw a bull, which 
 they killed, and a little before night got back to the 
 beach, ah wet as if they had been dipt in water, and fo 
 fatigued, that thev were fcarce able to ftand. 
 
 On Thurfday the ift of Auguft, a party was difpatch- 
 ed t^o fetch the bulij and our people were employed in 
 fctting up more tents. As the Commodore himfelt 
 was very ill of :he fcurvy, he ordered a tent to be pitched 
 for himfelf, and took up his refidence on fliore, where 
 we alfo erofled the fmitn's forge, in order to repair the 
 iron work of both (hips. We were likewifc employed 
 in getting the water caflts on (hore, and clearing the 
 well at which they were to be filled. This well we 
 thought to be the fame the t cnturion wateied at, but 
 it was the worft we had met with during the voyage, 
 for the water was not only brackifli, but full of worms. 
 Alfo the road wlierc the fliips lay was a dangerous 
 lituation at this feafon, for the bottom is a harcffand, 
 and large coral rocks, and the anchor having no hold 
 in the fand, is in perpetual danger of being cut to pieces. 
 Wc did not perceive thefe dilagreeable circumftances 
 No. 29. 
 
 I 
 
 when we firft caft Mchdr, thinking then the ground td 
 1>e good ; bnt finding the contrary afrer having moored, 
 to prevent any bad confequences, we rOuiidcd the cables 
 and buoyed them up with emptv calks. Afterw!trd< 
 finding the cables much damageOi we refolved to l\6 
 fingle for the future, that by veering awAy, or hcaVing 
 in, as wit fliould have mcn-e or leTs wind, Wc might 
 always keep them from being flack, confcquentlv from 
 rubbing, and this expedient uicdecdcd to our wiftii At 
 the fiilfand change of the moon, a prodigious fwell 
 tumbles in here t and it once drove in from the Wbft-< 
 ward with fuch fiiry, that we were obliged to put to 
 fea for a week ; for had our cable parted in the night, 
 and the wind been upon the (hore, which fometimes 
 happens for two or three days together, the ihip muft 
 inevitably have been loft on the rocks. Thus had we 
 arrived at this delightful ifland, after a pafTage of four 
 months and twenty days, from the Straits of Magellan, 
 with this furprifing and happy circumftance, that during 
 this long run, though many had great complaints of 
 the fcurvy, from the fait provilions they had oecn ob- 
 liged to live upon, yet through the care of the Com-, 
 modorc, in caufing the people to be fupplied at ftated 
 times with poruble foup, and the refrefninents we had 
 obtained from feveral iltajidt, we had not buried a fingle 
 man ; and we had now, by being favoured with fair 
 weather, an opportunity of fending our fick on fhore, 
 into the tents, which fome of our nien had foon pre- 
 pared for their reception. But while we flayed here 
 two died of fevers ; and in the Commodore's opinion, 
 from the almoft incelTant rains, and violent heat, during 
 the feafon we were here, this beautiful and fertile ifland 
 is one of the moft unhealthy ipots in the world. We 
 frequently dilpatched parties mto the woods in fearch 
 of cattle, which, from theaccountpubliflicd in the hiftory 
 of Commodore Anfon's voyage, we expeded to find in 
 numbers ; but to our difappointment, a few only were 
 difcovered at a great diftance from the tents, fo very 
 (hy, that it was difiicult to get a (hot at them 1 and 
 moie fo to drag them fix or feven miles to the tents, the 
 wo<<aS and lawns which we have already defcribed, be- 
 ing fo thick, as greatly to obftruA our paflage: for 
 though the beafts thcmielves had made paths tnrough 
 thefc woods, we could not proceed in them without the 
 greateft diflicultv. During the firft week we killed only 
 three white bullocks, one of which our men could not 
 bring down to the (hore, before it was covered with 
 maggots, and flunk moft intolerably : nor wa'^ this the 
 worn ; for the failors fuffered fuch inexpre(fible fatigu6 
 as frequently brought on fevers, occafioned by the 
 warmth of the climate, the prodigious number of flies 
 by day, and the mufquitoes by night: thefc laft refem., 
 blr our gnats in England, but are larger, more numerous, 
 and much more treublclbme. They were alfo in their 
 march much embarrafTed with centipieds, fcorpions, 
 and a large black ant, little inferior to either of them 
 in the malignity of its bite. We had alfo to encounter 
 with an innumerable number of other venemousinfedVs, 
 altogether unknown to us, by which we fuffered fo 
 feverely, that many were afraid to lie down in their 
 beds : nor were thofc on board in a much better fitua- 
 tion than thofc on fliore ; for numbers of thefe tormentors 
 being conveyed to the (hip by the wood, they took pof- 
 feffion of every birth, and left the poor feamcn no place 
 of reft either below or upon the deck. 
 
 On Wednefday the ytn, wc fcnt on (hore to the tent*, 
 which was called the hofpital, 16 of our (hip's company; 
 and the next day John Watfon, our quarter-maftcr, de> 
 parted this life ; and foon after died Peter Evans, one of 
 the feamen belonginq to the Tamar. This dav we got 
 our copper oven on ibore, and baked bread, wtiich we 
 ferved to the fick ; the whole being under the in<pedtion 
 of the furgeon. Poultry we procured upon eafy terms, 
 for the birds were in great plenty, and eatily killed s 
 but the flcfli of the beft of them was very ill tatted. Our 
 principal refource for frefh meat was the wild hog, with 
 which the ifland is well flocked. Thefe animals are 
 exceeding fierce, and a carcafs of fome of them frequent- 
 ly weighed 200 weight. They were killed without 
 3 P ' much 
 
 f; '■: i 
 
 1 l- 
 
 l'!'* 
 
 
i 
 
 i ; 
 
 242 
 
 V O Y A O E S R Q U N D the W O R L D . C o M p l « t b. 
 
 K ^i 
 
 much trouble, but a black bclongiiw to the Tainar con- 
 trived a tAethod to enfiuic them, (o that we took great 
 Sthben of them alive, which wai an urifpciKable, 
 vantage. But being very dellrous of procuring fome ' 
 beef in an eauble ftate, with left rifle and labpui;, we^ 
 ient a boat, upon the information of Mr. Gore, to the ; 
 N. W. part of the ifland, where the cattle were very 
 numeroui. A ptrty was alfo fent with a tent for their ! 
 accommodation, who flwt them ; aiid they were im- ' 
 pudiately k^led, cut up, and conveyed to the boatt : 
 however, fomctimcs fuch a lea broke upon the rocks 
 
 ?iat it was imponible to approach them, and the 
 imit'i boat loft three of her bcA men by attempting 
 it. , 
 
 This ifland of Tinian is fituated in i j dec. 8 min. 
 north latitude, and ii4deg. 50 min. well Toneitude 
 from Acapulco, in New Spain ; and is 1 2 miles in 
 length, but only half as much in breadth. It produces . 
 limes, four oranges, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, guavas. 
 and paupaws in abundances but we found no water- 
 melons, icurvy-grafs, or forrcl. The cocoa-nut, which 
 we have fo often mentioned in dcfcribing the new dif- 
 ccrvered iflands, is one of the moil beautiful, as weU as 
 the mofl admirable, of all the vegetable produdlions, 
 and is alfo found in many other parts of the world, 
 partiailarly in the Eall and Wed Indies. It is a fpecics 
 of the palm. The trunk is large, ftrait, and infenfibly 
 grows fmallcr from the bottom to the top. On the 
 upper part of the trunk are the branches, which form 
 a beautiful head. The fruit hangs in branches by 
 ftrong flatks ; fome of which are always ripe, others 
 green, and fome juft beginning to button, while the 
 blollbms, which are yellow, are ftill in bloom. The 
 fruit is of different llzes, and of a greenifh colour : it 
 is covered with two rinds, the outer compofed of Ions, 
 tough, brown threads; but the fecond is extremely 
 hard, and has within it a firm white fubdance, in tafte 
 ncareft to that of a fwtet almond. The people of fc veral 
 countries cat it with their meat as wc do bread, and 
 fqueeze out of it a liquor that refembles almond-milk, 
 which on being cxpofcd to the fire, is converted into 
 a kind of oil, that is ufed both in fauces and in lamps. 
 In the middle of the nut is alfo a confiderable quantity 
 of a clear cool liquor, that has the tafte of fugar-water, 
 and when drank is very refrefhing. What is called the 
 cabbage confiftsof a clutter of many white, thin, brittle 
 flakes, which have fomewhat of the utte of almonds, 
 and, when boiled, has a rcfemblance to the tatte of an 
 Englifh cabbage, but is Tweeter and more agreeable. 
 But the mott remarkable fruit of this ifland is the 
 bread-fruit, it being generally eaten by the Europeans 
 who come here initead of bread, to which it is even 
 preferred. It grows upon a lofty tree, which, near the 
 top, divides into fpreading branches, covered with 
 leaves of a deep grecp colour, notched on the edges, 
 and from 1 2 to 1 8 inches in length. The fruit which 
 grows fiiwle on all parts of the branches, is feven or 
 eight inches long, of an oval form, and covered with 
 a rough rind, and when gathered green, and roattcd 
 on the embers, has its inUdc foft, tender, white, and 
 crummy like bread. Its tatte comes nearett to that of 
 an artichoke's bottom. This excellent fruit is in feafon 
 eight months in the year. As it ripens it turns yellow, 
 and growing fofter, has the tatte of a ripe peach, and 
 a fragrant finell, but is then faid to be unwholefome, 
 and apt to produce the flux. The fifti, however, 
 caught about this coaft appear to be unwholefome. 
 Some of our officers after having eaten a difti of fine 
 looking filh, were taken ill with a violent purging and 
 vomiting, which had like to have been attended with 
 Fatal confcqucnces. Mr. Walter in his hittory of Com- 
 modore Anfon's voyage, obferves, that the few they 
 caught at their firtt arrival, had furfeited thofe who 
 cat of them, and therefore the people on board the Cen- 
 turion thought it mott prudent to abttain from filh. 
 This obfervation, added to our own experience, is a 
 fulTicient proof of their being prejudicial. Indeed, at 
 lirtt, from taking the word furfeit in a literal fenfe, 
 we concluded, that thofe who utted the fifh, when 
 the late Lord Aikfon came hither, were made fick 
 
 merely by eating top much of (hf mi froin which fup- 
 potttion wc were led to thin^, that there could be no 
 , reafpn for a total abttinencc with refpeft to this kind 
 of food, but only a caution to eat, with t^penuicc. 
 Hpwever, we were (ooi» made wifer by. experience t % 
 though all mur people eat fparingiy. of this fitti by way 
 of experiment, nevcrthclcfs all who utted them were 
 foon afterwards dangeroufly ill. Belid^ the above 
 mentioned fruit, thi^ land produces cotttin and indim 
 in abundance, and would certainly be of great value if 
 it M-as fituated in the Wett Indies. The luigeon of the 
 Tamar, an ingenious and very judicious gentleman, ft\- 
 clofed a large fpot of gix)und here, and made a y«ry 
 pretty gardens butourlhort ttay would not permit us 
 to den\e any advantage from it. However, amidft 
 fuch plenty we enjoyed, the want of its produce nvght 
 very well be difpenfed with. 
 
 It is furprizing that an ifland thus aboundijig with 
 the necefTaries and luxuries of life, (hould be deftitutp 
 of inhabitanu, but it feems it was once populous ; and 
 that an epidemical ficknefs havii^ carried off multi- 
 tudes of the inhabitants of this and the neidibouring 
 iflands, the Spaniards removed the rctt to Guam, to 
 fupply the numbers that had died there, where lao- 
 guiihing for their native foil, and their former habita- 
 tions, the greatett part of them died with grief. Indeed 
 we faw the ruins of their dcfertcd town, which is now 
 over-grown with trees and bufhes. But though Tini.in 
 is Uiunhabited, the Indians of Guam, and other of the 
 neighbouring iflands, frequently refort thiuier to jerk 
 beef, and carry it away. Thefc Indians are a bold, 
 ttrong, well limbed people; and if we may judge from 
 the admirable ttru£lure of their flying^ proas, me only 
 velTels they ufe at fca, they arc far from oemg deficient 
 in point of underttanding. Thefe vefTels move with 
 fuch amazing fwiftnefs, that it is generally allowed by 
 all who have obferved them with attention, that they 
 will run at leatt 10 miles zfi hour. The conttru^on of 
 thefc proas is very remarkable, the head and ftern be* 
 ing exadly alike ; but the fldcs very different, that in- 
 tended for the windward fide being built rounding, 
 while the lee-fide is flat. The lx>dy is formed of 
 two pieces joined end ways, and neatly fewed together 
 with bark : and as the ttrait run of her leeward fide, and 
 her fmall breadth, would certainly caufc her to overfet, 
 a frame called an out-ric^r, is laid out from her to the 
 windward, to the end oTuhich is fattened a log, made 
 hollow, in the ttiape of a fmall boat : thus the weight 
 of the frame balances the proa, and that, with the fmall 
 boat, always in the water, prevents her overfettiiw to 
 the windward. The vcflel generally carries fix or (even 
 Indians, two of whom fit in the head and ftern, who 
 ftcer the proa alternately, with a paddle, according 
 to the tack flie goes on; he in the flern being the 
 fteerfnoan; the rctt are employed in fctting and trim- 
 ming the fail, or bailing out the .water Ctie may acci> 
 dentally ttiip. Thus by only flufting the fail, thefe 
 veflels with either end forcmajl, can, with aftonifliing 
 fwiftnefs, run from one of thcie iflands to another, ana 
 back again, without eyer putting about. While wc 
 lay at this place, the Tamar was fent to examine the 
 ifland of Saypan, which is much larger than Tinian, 
 rifes higher, and has a much pleafanter appearance. 
 The Tamar anchored to the leeward, at the dittance of 
 a mile from the fliore, and in to fathom water, with 
 much the fame kind of eround as we had in the road 
 of Tinian. Some of ne Tamar's company landed upon 
 a fine fandy beach, which is fix or feven miles long, 
 and walked up into the woods, where thm difcovered 
 nuny trees very fit for top mafts. They faw no fowls 
 nor any tracks of cattle, but plenty of bqes and guaoi- 
 coes : alfo Urge heaps of pearl oyfter-fhclis thrown up 
 together, ana ether figns of people having been there t 
 pofTibly the Spaniards may go thither at fome feafons 
 of the year, and carry on a pearl fifhery. As we (haU 
 have an opportunity of again mentioning thefe places 
 in our accounts of other voyages, we here, for thfc amufo* 
 ment of our numerous fublcribers, infett what other 
 navisntors, and judicious writers, have related both 6f 
 the rhilippihe iUid LJidroiic Iflands, bothlttuatttl in 
 
 the 
 
Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Difcovoies in the SoirruKUN Ocean, &c. 24^ 
 
 the ftclfic Ocean, and at no great dillancc from each 
 other. 
 
 An Mcma tf the Pbilipbint, and Ladrone, or Marian 
 Iflamis. 
 
 THE Philippine Iflamis arc fituatc in the Chinelian 
 Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean, between 114 and 130 
 degrees of eaftern loneitucje, and between 5 and 1 9 
 dcffrcet of north latitude, about 100 leagues S. \l. ol 
 China, Thei« arc noo of them, and fcvcral very 
 large. The chief of the moft northerly of them is 
 MaKila or Luconia, which is the largtft of the Philip- 
 pine!, and is fituate in r 5 deg. of rtorth latitude, being 
 about 400 miles long aiM above 1 80 broad in moil 
 
 places. . « . u 
 
 The capital of thU ifland; md of all the rcit, is the 
 city of Manila, fituate on a bay in the S. W. part of 
 the ifland, being two miles in circumference, fu .round- 
 ed by a wall and other works, a very com-nodious 
 harbour, but of difficult acccfs, <in account of .the rocks 
 and fands which lie before it; A taftle defends the 
 entrance. .„ , . 
 
 The chief buildings are the cathedral, ps^rifli churches 
 and convents ; one of the religious houfes is appro- 
 
 Eriatedtothefupport oforphans, daughters of the in- 
 abitants, wh6 arc provided for during their lives ; or, 
 if they chufc to marry, have a portion of two or three 
 hundred crowrts givert ihcm. Their churches , chapels, 
 and altars, arc richly adMned, And their proccfllons on 
 holidays as fplendid as in Spain: The college of the 
 jefuits here, as in moft Pofiiih cduntriei, is more mag- 
 nificent than any of the reft. ; 
 
 The ifland of Luconia, or Mailila, is cfteenled health- 
 ful, and the water in it the beft iii the world. It pro- 
 duces all the fruits of warm climates, ihd has ait ex- 
 cellent breed of horfes carried thither from Spain. _ It 
 is well fituated for the Indian and Chincfe trade ; artd 
 the bay and port, which lies on the weft-fide of ii; Is a 
 large circular bafon of 10 leagues diameter, entirely 
 land-locked. The city of Manila, which ftands on 
 the caft-fido, is large and contains feveral fpacious 
 ftreets and grand houfes ; and at the beginning of the 
 tirft war with the Spaniards, in the reign of king 
 George II. was an open place, only defended by a little 
 fort ;T)ut confidcrable additions have lately been made 
 to its fortifications. The port peculiar to the city is that 
 of Cabite, which lies two leagues to the fouthward, and 
 here the ftiips employed in the Acapuico trade are 
 ftationcd. 
 
 The city is healthfully fituated, and well watered, and 
 has a very fruitful country in its neighbourhood ; but it 
 is fome difadvantage to its trade, that it is diflicult 
 getting out to fea to the eaftward, {hrough fuch a num- 
 ber of iflands *. here the Spaniards wa!le abundance of 
 time, and arc often in great danger. 
 
 The trade from hence to China and India confifts 
 chiefly in fuch commodities as are intended to fupply 
 Mexico and Peru, namely, fpices, Chincfe filks, and 
 manufadhires, particularly filk ftockings, of which no 
 lefs than 50,000 pair have been ihipped in one cargo, 
 with vaft quantities of Indian ftuffs,calIicoesand chintr, 
 which are much worn in America, together with other 
 fmall articles, fuch as goldfmiths-work, &c. wrought 
 at the city of Manila by the Chincfe, of which nation 
 there are not leC than 20,000 refiding there, as fcrvants, 
 manu&dtiirers, or brokers. All thefe arricles arc 
 tranfpotted annually to the port of Acapuico in Mexico : 
 this trade is not open to all the inhabitants of Manila, 
 but is reftrained to the convents of Manila, princitally 
 to the jefuits, being a donation to fupport the mimons 
 for the propagation of the Catholic filth. The tonage 
 of each ftiip IS divided into a certain number of bales, 
 all of the fame fize ; and the convents have a right to 
 embark fuch a quantity of goods on board the Manila 
 fliips as the tonage of their bales amount to. The trade 
 is limited by roval edidU to a certain value t according 
 to fome, it (hould not exceed 600,000 dollars ; but it » 
 frequently known to amount to three millions. 
 
 The bulk af the people of Manila art qf Chincfe or 
 
 Malayan cxtradtipn, and there are fome blarks. ,,The 
 Spaniards though fewrll in number, have the jrovern- 
 ment in their hands. The adjacent country is full qf 
 fine plantations, farms, andcoimtry-houfesol" the prin- 
 cipal inhabitants. Upon the mountains, in the middle 
 ot the country, the people live in tents and ht|ts, under 
 the fpreading trees. The plains arc overflowed in the 
 rainy feafon, the houfes built upon high pillars ; and the 
 people have no communicatjon but by boats during the 
 rains,, which ufually fail iii, JunCi July, Auguft, and 
 September, and then habpeh terrible ftorms of wind 
 and thiinde'r. Earthquakes are frequent ; the city of 
 Manila has fuflcred fcvcral' times In' them ; and from 
 the volcanoes, which abound here, ilTuc torrents of fire 
 and melted minerals^ Thcfe arp the inconveniencict 
 we meet with • but the fair feafon is for the moft part 
 exceedingly plcafant. 
 
 The city of Manila contains about 3000 inhabitants! 
 and during the fecond war in the reign of king George 
 II. was- in the year i'i&-\, taken by aoniiral^mifhand 
 Sir William Draper. It was, however, ftipiilatcd to be 
 ranfomcd ; but the ranfotn-moncy hath never yet been 
 intirely difcharged. The |)riefls take prodigious pains 
 to make converts to the Romifli faith, and have been 
 pretty fuccefsful in their endeavours. "Vnc Indians pajr 
 a poll-tax ; and a ronfiderable fum of money is annuall)* 
 allowed for the Aipport of female orphans, both of 
 Spaniih and Indian parent^. 
 
 The complexions of the feveral pieojjle who inhabit 
 thefe iflands arc very different. The blacks are as 
 black as the Ca flics of Afric, but difltr from them in 
 their fcivtiircs and long hair, and therefore arc fuppofcd 
 to be of Indian exiraiftion ; and as they poflcfs the 
 mountainous and inacceflibie parts of the country, it 
 is conjcdured, that they were the original inhabitants, 
 and driven up thither by fuccieediiig adventurers! 
 
 The defceridants of the Malayans (inhabitants of 
 Malacca) are very tawny, the Chincfe not fo dark, and 
 the Spaniards arc pretty near the colour of the Chinefc. 
 There is alfo a nation of painted people, called 
 Pintados, who colour their (kins like our anccftbrs the 
 Pias. 
 
 The natives arc for the moft part of a moderate 
 ftatui'e; and their features juft ; the 8paniard.s have 
 taught them tO cloath themfelycs, except the blacks, 
 who only tic a cloth about theif loins, aiid another 
 about their heads, and ufually go bare-foot. 
 
 Rice and fifli arc moft eaten by thofe who live hear 
 the fea-coafts, aid the mountaineers cat the flcfh they 
 ukc in hunting, and the fruits of the earth, which 
 grow fpontaneoufly in great plenty. Their liquor is 
 water, which they ufually drink warm as the Chinefc do. 
 They have alio palm-wine, and ipirituous liquors dif- 
 tilled from the juice of the fugar-cane, rice, &c. They 
 bathe twice a day in cold water, either for health or 
 diverfion, or both: plays arc another divcrflon; dhd they 
 are entertained frequently with dancing aiid ttiock 
 tights. 
 
 Thefe iflands arc extremely well fituated fbr thide \ 
 all the rich merchandize of India is fcnt from hence 
 to America, and the trcalures of Mexico and Peru are 
 brought hither annually, by which exchange, it ii faid, 
 they make a profit of 400 pek- ceri^. 
 
 Few countries enjoy a more fruitful foil ; the people 
 in many places live upon what the earth produces fpoiw 
 tancoufly, and the furfacc of the ground is exceeding 
 beautiful ; the trees are ever green, and feldlahi without 
 fruit. 
 
 Their neat cattle run wild in the mouiitaitis, and arc 
 hunted, as well as deer, wild hogs arid goats. The mon-« 
 kies and baboons found here arc vcr^ fagacibus : during 
 the icafon, when there is no fruit to be got, they go 
 down to the fea-fide to catch oyften ; that Uic fifli niaj^ 
 not pinch their paws, they put a ftone between the 
 (hells, to prevent their Quitting :lofc. Wax il fo 
 plentiful, ttiat they make iW 'ether candles, and nevv 
 bum lamps. Their bcCs are of fcvcral kinds, fome of 
 them very large, and make-their combi in th? woods, 
 
 Sroducihg fuch quantitiei of honey as would altnoft fub<. 
 ft the natives. 
 
 Midicinal 
 
 till 
 
 I'i 
 
 "i>r 
 
 . I. 
 \0 . 
 
 k, '.If 
 
 A 
 
 ft 
 
d44 VOYAOE8 R O U-N D the WORLD CoMPtEtE* 
 
 H 
 
 MedicuMi indfweet gunu, ifluing from the bodies of 
 tieet are put of the prrauce : fcrpents of varioua kinds 
 are found in diefe ilnnds i but the fathers who relate 
 that fome of theni are fo laige, they will fwailow a (tag, 
 horm and all, furely do not expetft to be believed, any 
 more than when th^ relate, tmt riie leaves of trees are 
 converted into ii^eos i but the lad of thefc (lories may 
 proceed from a ihi(hkke, for it is certain that fome in- 
 fo^ depofit their eggs (as they do with us) upon the 
 leaves of trees, whicn are hatched there, as is tnc cafe 
 of the cochinod fly i and they might ignorantly imagine 
 that thoTe infedb prweed from tlw leiu. The alligators 
 are very dangerous ; and the ignana, a kind m land 
 allisator, does a great deal of mifchief. Among their 
 birds, are pcacocKs, parrots, cocatoos, and turtle-doves, 
 which are very beautiful, fowls with black bones, and the 
 bird uvan, which lays a number of eg;gs in trenches in 
 the (and, and leaves them to hatch tKcrc. The faliein 
 faftens her ncds to fome rock, as a nuitin does againft a 
 wall, which diflblving into a kind of jelly in warm 
 water, is efteemed delicious food. Here is alfo the 
 xdobird, which eats likeaturkev; the camboxa is a 
 well tafted fowl peculiar to thefc iflands. The herrero 
 or carpenter, is a fine laigc green bird. It is called 
 the carpenter, becaufe its beak is fo hard, that it digs a 
 hole in the trunk, or (bme large branch of a tree, in 
 order to build its neft. 
 
 ' Their fruitsarenuneoes, plantains, bananoes, cocoas, 
 tamarinds, cadla, and the cocoa or chocolate nut, which 
 has been brought oyer from Mexico t oranges, lemons, 
 and all manner of tropical fruiu. The cinnamon and 
 nutmeg-tree have been planted here i but dq^enerate. 
 and are good for little. 
 
 A great deal of good timber and dying woods grow 
 in thefc iflandsi and thecalamba, or fwcct-wood, a icind 
 of cane, grows in the mountains, which, if cut, yields 
 a draught of water, and is of great fervice to the 
 natives. 
 
 They have one plant that has all the properties of 
 and is ufed u a fubftitute for opium; of this the natives 
 are very fond, and fitquentJy intoxicate themfclves 
 with it. 
 
 , flowenandfwcet-herbaerowwildhere.butthcydonot 
 cuUivate them in their gardens, and there are abundance 
 of medicinal, as well as jpoifonous hcrb|s and flowers, 
 which do not ool|r kill tho(e that touch or ufte them, 
 but fo infed the air, that many people die in the time 
 of their Uoflbminz : on the contrary, thcfe iflands are 
 
 Erovidcntially well furnifhed with antidotes, particu- 
 iHy the bezoar ftone, which is found in the belly of 
 a creature much like a deer s and the root dilao, which 
 is like ginger, and heals wounds made by any ve- 
 nomous besdl, bcin^ btuifed and boiled with oil af 
 cocoas. 
 
 The tree camondog is fo venomous, that the pilchards 
 eating the leaves wmch fall into the fea die r as -will 
 the perfons who eat thejpoifonedfifh. The liquor which 
 flows from the trunk of this tree fcrves thcfe people to 
 poifon the points of their darts which they blow through 
 the trunks abovementioned : the very (hadow of the tree 
 is fo deflnultive, that, as far as it reaches, no herb or 
 grafs grows, and if tranfplanted. it kills all the other 
 plants it (lands near, except a fmall flirub which is an 
 antidote againft it, and always with it : a bit (^ a twig 
 of this (Imib, or a leaf carried in a man's mouth, is 
 laid to be a fecurity againft the venom of the tree, and 
 therefore tiie Indians are never without it. 
 
 The maka.bukay, which (ignifics the giver of life, 
 is a kind of ivy which twines about any tree, and srows 
 to the thickiwfs of a man's finger; it has long (noots 
 like vine branches, of which theindians make bracelets, 
 and eftceni them a prefervative againft poifon. There 
 are many other trees and plants m extraordinaiy virtue 
 ih thcfe iflands ; amoi^ others, there is the lenfitive 
 ^iit, in all rcfpeds like a coiewort, which growing out 
 of.a Eock* avoids the touch, and retires under water : 
 l|!ere.'i» another that ^rovfo on St. Peter's Hill about 
 MiMtili)^ .whick^ .not very tall,;04j^ little leaves, 
 vHuclLwheneyier it is touch(edy,<)ijkWs'back and cloTctall 
 ju' leaves tt^tliier ; for whi(^ reaifon the Spaniard* call 
 it la yc(pK cofa, that is, tj|^^(hful. 
 
 Ul 
 
 There grows near Cathalagan, in the ifland of Samrtr, 
 a plant ota furpriflng virtue, difcovercd by the fathers 
 of the foCiety, as they tell us, of late years : the Dutch 
 have alfo fome knowledge of it, and, il is faidi wil[ 
 ?ive double the quantity of goM for it. The plant is 
 Hke ivy, and twines about any tree it grows pear; th*. 
 fruit which grows out of the knots and leaves iVfentMcs 
 a melocotoon in bismcfs and colour, and within h«^. 
 eight, ten, or fixleen itemals as big as a hazel nut, each 
 green and yellow, which when ripe, drop out of >hemk 
 ulvcs. 
 
 Theufual dofe siven of it is the weight bf half a 
 royal, that is the fixteonth part of an uuncc, powderrd 
 and mixed in wine or water j if it has no til^ the (irlt 
 time, the dofe is repeated, aild is a pqwenul antidote 
 asninft any poifon. either Of venomous herbs or dart* 
 which are iMed by the natives of Macafliir, Borneo, and 
 the Philippines. 
 
 The general langUMC fpokcn in thefc iflands is the 
 Malayan tongue iMOdes which, every pec^le have a 
 hngtnge peculiar to themfdves. They i*rite on cocoa- 
 nut leaves, with an iron ftyle or pen i and arts and 
 fciences have been introduced by the Spaniards, the 
 natives having nothing of this kind to boaft of before 
 their arrival. 
 
 All thefe iflands, excet^t Mindanao and Paragoo, 
 are under the iurifdi^on of a Spanifti vie- roy, who has 
 governors under him in every other ifland and town of 
 confcquence, and the like courts are etedcd tor the 
 trial « civil and criminal caufes. as in old Spain. Ihe 
 archbiftiop of Manila, the bifhops and their commif- 
 (aries, determine eccleflaflical caufes as in Euro()c; 
 but there lies an appeal from them to the pope's dc- 
 lagate, who refides in one of the iflands. The court o( 
 inquifition has alfo a commifTary here. But notwith- 
 ftandins the Spaniards are rcprefentcd as fovcrcigns of 
 thefe illands, this muft only be undcrftood of the open 
 country and the fea>coafts, in which there may be 
 309,000 fouls : but thefe are not a tenth part of the in- 
 habitants, the reft look upon themfelves as a free 
 people: every mountain almoft is poflTelTed by a different 
 tribe, who make war upon one another, the Spaniards 
 fcldom intemneddling in their quarrels. The Chincfc 
 were formeriy fo numerous here, that tliey difputcd 
 -the authority of the Spaniards: over (hem: it is com- 
 puted that 40,000 of them refided in and about the 
 city of Manila; but the Spaniards compdied them to 
 fubmit, and baniflied fome thoufands of them, the 
 reft were permitted to remain here, to carry on their 
 manu&dures ; for they are almoft the only artificers. 
 
 Their amu are bowa, arrows, and fauices or fpean. 
 broad iwords, and tubes or trunks, through which they 
 blow poifoned arrows, the flighteft wounds whereof are 
 moral, if immediate remedies are not applied. Thoy 
 have cane fliields alfo covered with a bufiidoe's hide, 
 and a head-piece for defenfive arms. 
 Thefe favages, as the Spaniards call them, worfhip one 
 fupreme Cod, and their anceftors, as the Chinele do, 
 from whom moft of them are defcended ; they worftiip 
 alfo the fun and moon, and almoft every thing they fee, 
 whether animate or iiuuiimate, groves, rocks, nvers, 
 and one particuliv tree, which they would efteem it a 
 fiKrilege to cut down, believing the fouls of fome of their 
 friends may refide in it, and that in cuttii^ the tree 
 they may wound a near relation. Inftead of temples, 
 thejr have caves, wherein they place their idols, and 
 facrifke to thcnk Some beautiful young virgins firft 
 wounds the vidUm with a fpnr, and then the priefts 
 difpatch the aninul 1 and, having drefTed the meat, it 
 is eaten by the company. Supemition prevails among 
 them; they have their lucky and unlucky days; and if 
 certain animals cn^s the way when they arc going upon 
 bufinefs, they will return home, and go out no more 
 that day. 1 he Spaniards tolerate them in their idola- 
 trous worfhip ( and fufier them to game, on paying to 
 the government 10,000 crowns per annum. They arc 
 alfo much given to a deteftable vice : and did not ima- 
 gine it to DC a crime, till the Spaniards punifhed them 
 for it. 
 
 The men purchafe their wives here as in Qiina ; and 
 
 the marriage ceremony is performed bjr aprieftefs, who 
 
 4 facriiices 
 
Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — tor making UU'covcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 245 
 
 1 paying to 
 They arc 
 
 facrifices fomc aniinal on thcoccalion i attcr which, ihe 
 bride is led home, and thi whole concludes with an 
 entertainment as at other places. They marry in their 
 own tribe, and with their ncarcll relations, except the 
 fifft degree; fome of them arc confined to one wife, 
 other tribes allow a plurality of women, and divorces 
 for rcafonable caufes on cither lide. Children arc cither 
 named after heroes or flowers, or from fomc accidental 
 circumftance that occurs at the time of their birth ; but 
 as foon as they marry, they chufc new namcii, and their 
 parents are obliged to make ufe of their old ones. 
 
 The dead arc wafhed and perfumed, wrapped in filk, 
 and put in a dofe coffin, near which a chell is placed 
 that contains the arms of a man, or domelHc utcnlils 
 ofa woman: mourners arc hired to adill in making a 
 difmal noife. They bury their dead as in China, 
 and do not burn them: as foon as the body is buried, 
 an entertainment is made, and all is converted to 
 mirth and fcllivity. In general, they mourn in black 
 garments ; and (have their heads and eye-brows. 
 
 The next Spanilh ifland to that of Manila is Samar 
 or Philippina, between which and Manila is a narrow 
 channel, called the Straight of Manila, the N. E. 
 point whereof is called Spirito Sandto ; the illand is 
 near 400 miles in circumference, the chief town, Ca- 
 thalagan, governed by a Spanifli alcade. The ifland 
 of Sebu, which lies in 10 deg. S. latitude, is the place 
 where Magellan M} fet up the Spanilh colours ; the 
 chief town named Nombre dc Dios, afterwards made 
 a bilhop's fee, has in it a cathedral and fcveral other 
 churches and nionafteries. The idand of negroes lies 
 weft of Sebu, and Mbs fo named becaufe it is inhabited 
 chiefly by blacks. Mindanao lies the moft Ibutherly of 
 any of the Philippine Klands, and is the largefl of them 
 except Manila, bei:ig near 100 miles in length, and 150 
 in breadth. !t it poflcfled by people of dittertnt na- 
 tions "nd different religions ; but the Mahometans, who 
 arc date on the fea-coafts, are much the moll nu- 
 merous, whofe fovereij^n is Oiled Sultan of Mindanao. 
 Thofc who pofTefs the middle of the illand arc called 
 Hillanoons, and another nation lliled Sologncs, arc 
 fituate on the N. W. coaft. The air of this iflami is 
 not fo hot as fnight be cxpedled, being refrclhcd fre- 
 quently by the fea breezes, and the periodical rains, 
 which lay the flat country under water. The winds 
 blow from the eaft, from Odobcr to May, and then 
 turn about and fet wefterly ; next month the rains and 
 ftorms fucceed ; at firll there are not more than two 
 or three Ihowers a day j they afterwards come oftencr, 
 with violent hurricanes and loud thunder, and the 
 wind continues wefterly until November, during which 
 time they have fuch ftonns that trees are blown 
 up by the roots, the rivers are overflowed, and they do 
 not fee the fun or ftars fometimes in a week: about 
 Auguft the air is very cool, the rain and wind are mo- 
 derate in September, and in Odlobcr the wind blows 
 from the eaft again, and it continues fair till April, and 
 fometimes May. 
 
 Mindanao, the capital city, lies on the fouth-fide of 
 the ifland, in 123 deg. 15 min. of eallem longitude, 
 and 6 deg. 20 min. north latitude, near the mouth of 
 a river, and about two miles from the fea ; the houfes 
 being built on bamboo pillars, 16 or 18 feet above the 
 furface of the ground, on account of the annual floods, 
 when they have no communication with one another 
 but by boats. The city is about a mile in length, 
 built along the winding bank of the river; the Sultan's 
 palace is fupported by 180 trees, and has 20 cannon 
 mounted in the front ; and (jveral of the nobility have 
 great guns in or before their houfes. Large fliips 
 cannot come up to the town, there being fcarce 1 1 feet 
 water on the bar, at the entrance of the river. 
 
 The natives are held to be men ofa fprightly genius, 
 but very lazy and indolent, and will rather thieve than 
 work ; but none arc more adtive when they find there 
 is a necefllty for it ; and there may be two rcafons for 
 their laZy difpofitron. one from the heat of the cli- 
 mate, and the other from the tyranny of the govern- 
 rnent, no man being fure he Ihall enjoy what he acquires 
 by his induftry. 
 No. 39. II 
 
 1 he Mindanayans are of a low ftature, and vcr/ 
 flender, of dark, tiv;ny complexions, black fyes and 
 hair, flat faces, .(hort nofes, wide mofjths^ and black 
 teeth, vvhich thev take abundance of plains to dye of 
 that colour ; and they wear the nails'of their left hands 
 almod as long again a^ their fingers', ifcraping and dying 
 them with Vermillion. 
 
 The men have a haughty mein, and yet are faid to be 
 very complaifant to foreigners, unlefs they are infulted, 
 and then triey feldom fail to rcfent the alfrcuit, and des- 
 troy their enemy by poifon or a dagger, never hazarding 
 their pcrfons in a duel. 
 
 Their habit is a linen frock and drawers, and a fmall 
 piece of linen cloth, tied about their heads, but they go 
 bare-foot: the complexion, and features of the women 
 are better th.in thofc of the men j but yet they too much 
 refemblc the other fcx, and cannot be admired for their 
 beauty ; they wear a frock like the men, and a piece of 
 cloth round their waifts ; the Hccvcs of the frock be- 
 ing large, and coming down to their wrifts. Their 
 hair is tied up in a roll at the hinder part of their heads. 
 The men ftiave their heads, all but a lock that is left in 
 the middle of the crown, like other Miiliometans; their 
 beards arc very thin, being pulled up by the roots with 
 tweezers.. People of figure are cloathed in filk or fine 
 callico ; the women go barefoot as well as the men, and 
 adorn their arms anq fingers with bracelets and rings. 
 They arc not reftraincd from convcrfing with their 
 countrymen or foreigners. 
 
 The food of people of condition is flclh, fifh, and 
 fowl of all kinds, except hogs flefh, which the Ma- 
 hometans never touch. The poorer fort content them- 
 felves with rice and fago. Rice is the principal part 
 of the meal with all ofthun; they take it up with their 
 hands, ufing neither knives or fpoons ; and their 
 meat, whatever it be, is boiled to r.igs, that it may very 
 ealily be pulled to pieces wi:li tlieir fingers. They 
 ufually drink water, but make a pretty llrong liquor 
 with plantains ; they wafti before and after every 
 meal, and bathe fcveral times ,1 day. Swimming 
 is one of the chief divcrfions of the women, as well 
 as the men, to which they are ufed from theh- in- 
 fancy. 
 
 Upon joyful occafions the dancinpj girls, as they arc 
 called, arc fent for to divert the company; but this 
 dancing confifts only in flcrewing tliemfelvcs into 
 lafcivious poftures, and nddtelTing their <:;reat men with 
 flattering fpeeches. They have plays and mock fights 
 alfoadled before them, and huaan<rofw;idbcafts is their 
 principal rural fport, in which iheir women partake ; 
 but their hunting is only driving the deer and other 
 game into an inclofure, from whence they cannot 
 efcape, and then (hooting at them. 
 
 Mindanao is a fruitful foil, well watered with rivers, 
 and their mountains afford excellent timber. Of the 
 libby, or fago-tree, there are large groves : the fago is 
 the pith ofa tree which the natives eat inftead of bread, 
 and is frequently brought over to Europe, being fo 
 grained, that it is fometimes taken for a feed. They 
 have no corn but rice. Plantains, guavas, mangoes, 
 and all tropical fruits, abound here. Cloves and 
 nutmegs have been tranfplanted hither, and appear 
 fair to the eye ; but it is faid they degenerate, and 
 the fruit is good for nothing: if thc^ plants were 
 cultivated, pcnlibly they might equal thofc of the fpice 
 iflands. 
 
 Here are no bcafts of prey in this ifland, but 
 almoft every other ufcful animal, fuch as horfes, cows, 
 buffaloes, and hogs, with bunches over their eyes; 
 here arc alfo fnakcs, fcorpions, and other venomous 
 infeds ; and the feathcrecl kind arc the fame as in 
 Manila. 
 
 The Malayan language is generally fpokcn here ; 
 and the Mahometans have the koran and books of 
 devotion, in the Arabic language. The liberal arts 
 do not flourifh here ; they are forced to employ the 
 Chinefc to keep their accompts for them ; nor have 
 they fo much as a clock or a watch in all the country, 
 but beat upon drums every three hours, that peojlc 
 may know the time of the day. There are fcanc 
 3 Q. any 
 
34^ 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 li 
 
 IL 
 
 I 
 
 1 1 
 
 l! il 
 
 My other working tnin, except gpUTmithi, carpen- 
 tela, and btackfaiitlM, who perform their work very 
 well with the toofa they have, for the finidu have 
 neither vice not anvil, nor the carpenters any fawi, 
 but when they have fplit their planks, plane them with 
 the ax or adze. Their difeafei are fluxes, fevers, and 
 the fnuU-pox : and fonK arc aflfedted with a kind of 
 leproTy, or dry icurf, which covers the body, and itches 
 intolerably. 
 
 The rclimonof the (ultan, and tfiole who inhabit 
 the fcacoalts, is Mahomeunifin, and that of the In- 
 land people is Ri^nifni, differing little from the 
 Chinerc. In aHowing ■ plurality of wives and con- 
 cubines, the MahoDietms of this ifland imitate thofe 
 of Turky, only they aHow their women gnatcr liberties, 
 fuflfering them to converft freely with their acquain- 
 tance or Arangcrs : but it is faid they are fo prejudiced 
 againil fwincs flcfh, that one of their great men re- 
 fufed to wear a pair of (hoes ntade by an European, 
 when he was infonned that the threads with which 
 they were fewed were pointed with ho^s briflles. They 
 looic upon themfelves to be detilcd, if they touch any 
 thing which belongs to a hog; they durll not kilt 
 them left they ihould be defiled by the touch of the 
 weapon they make ufe of, which occafions thefe ani- 
 mals to multiply fo fad, that the ifland is over-run 
 with them. They are very glad to fee the Europeans 
 kill them, but muft undcigo fe\Tral ablutions or wafh- 
 ings, if they (hould happen to touch a man chat had 
 eaten its flem. 
 
 The fulun of Mindanao is an abfblute prince, and 
 his throne hereditary ; both the pcrfons and purfcs of 
 his fubjedls are in his power, and if he knows any of 
 them abound in wealth, he borrows it of them. He 
 has one great minifter, in whom he lodges the admi- 
 niftrarion of the government, both civil and military, 
 to whom both natives and foreigners mud apply them- 
 felves for liberty to trade. Their wars are chiefly with 
 the mountaineers, who inhabit the middle of the ifland, 
 with whom they are very cautious of coming to a 
 geneci^ engagemenf ; but when the armies are pretty 
 near, they begin to entrench and cannonade each other, 
 and will remain in the fame camp foiiic months, fend- 
 ing out parties to make incurfions into the enemies 
 country, and furprizc defcncclcfs places. Their arms 
 arc a Crice or fliort dagger, and a br'-ad fword, a fpear, 
 and bows and arrows. 
 
 The moft confidcrable of the x'hilippines that have 
 not been mentioned, are Mindora, §. W. of Manila : 
 Fanay, and Lcyte, which lie north of Mindanao; and 
 the ifland of Paragoa, which lies very near the north 
 part of Borneo, and is fubjed to one of the princes of 
 that ifland. 
 
 Philippina was the fird that was drfcovercd of this 
 cluder of iflands. and confequendy gave name to the 
 refl. It lies between 12 and 14 degrees north lati- 
 tude, and is the moft fertile and plofant of all the 
 Philippines, exhibiting a fcene of perpetual verdure ; 
 for here the fun is powerful, without being difagreeable. 
 
 The Ladrone Iflands are fituate in the Pacific 
 Ocean, in t40 degrees of eaflem longitude, and between 
 »2 and 28 degrees of north latitude. Guam or Ignana, 
 the largeft, is fituate in 13 deg. 21 min. north latitude, 
 7300 miles weft of Cape Corientes in Mexico, according 
 to Dampier. The other inconflderable iflands are, 
 2. Sarpanta. 3. Bonavifla or Tinian. 4. Sefpara. 
 5. .\natan. 6. Sarignan. 7. Guagam. 8. Alama- 
 guan. 9. Pagon. 10. The burning mountain of Griga. 
 II. Magna, is. Patas. 13. DSconocida; and, 14. 
 MalabrigOw 
 
 Guam is about 1 2 leagues \ong and four broad, lyii^ 
 N. and S. It is pretty high cmunpaien land, floping 
 down towards the coaft. The eafl-fiae, which is the 
 highcrt, is fenced with fteep rocks, on which the waves 
 conllantly beat, driven by the trade wind. The weft- 
 fide is low land, in which are feveral little faody bays 
 divided by rocks. 
 
 The natives of Guam are of a good ftature, have 
 large limbs, a tawny complexion, black long luir, fiiull 
 I 
 
 ejres, thick Kps, and arc long vifaged. They are fi)nic- 
 times oftlidted with a kind oflcnrofy, otncrwifc the 
 country is healthful efpecially in tnc dry fc.ifon. The 
 rains begin in June, and lafl' till October, but arc not 
 violent. 
 
 Th» ifland proihices rice md mofl tropical fruits, 
 and one ibrt, which Dampier has named bread-fruit, 
 grows upon a tree like apj)Ies, and at its full bienefs is 
 as large as an ordinary foot-balfj it has a hard thick 
 rind, and within a loft yellow pulp, of a fwcctifli taftc j 
 the natives eat it inftead «>f bread, having firll baked 
 or roafted it in the embers : it is in fcalbn eight iiionth!i 
 in the year, and grows only in thefe inandn. 
 
 Dampier relates, that when he was there (about the 
 year 1700) there were not above icxj Indians upon 
 the ifland, though he was informed there had been 
 3 or 400 fomtimc before : and the reafon given why 
 there was no more at that time was, becaufe moft of 
 them had burnt their plantations, and fled to other 
 iflands on their being ufcd ill by the Spaniards. 
 
 Iheir fwift-failing flciops. or tiying prons, are the 
 admiration of all that fee them ; the bottom of the 
 veflcl, or the keel, is of out piece, made like a canoe, 
 J 8 feet in length, built fliarp at both ends, one fide of 
 the floop Hat, and the other rounding Mith a pretty 
 krrge belly ; being four or five feet broad, with a niaft 
 in the middle. They turn the flat fide to the wind, 
 and having a head at each end, fail with either of them 
 foremaft, and have never any occafion to tack. Dtti:i- 
 pier computed they would fail 24 miles an hour. 
 The tide never rifes above two or three feet at this 
 ifland. 
 
 The writer of Lord Anfon's voyage relates, that they 
 arrived at the ifland of Tinian or Bonavifta, one of the 
 Ladrone Iflands, which lies north of Guam, on the 
 27th of Augufl, 1742, being fituatcd in 15 dec. 8 min. 
 north latitude, and 1 14 deg. 50 min. weft of Acapuico 
 in America. This ifland is 1 2 miles in length, and fix 
 in breadth, extending from the S. S. W. to N. N. E. 
 The foil is dry and landy, and the air healthful; the 
 land rifes in gentle flopes from the fhore to the middle 
 of the ifland, interrupted by valleys of an eafy defient. 
 The valleys and gradual fwellings of 'the ground arc 
 beautifully divcrfincd by the encroachments of woods 
 and lawns ; and the woods confift of tall fprcading 
 trees, celebrated for thair afped or their fruit j the 
 turf of the lawns clean and uniform, compofed of fine 
 trefoil, intermixed with a variety of flowers ; the woods, 
 in many places, open, free from buflies, and under- 
 wood, aflording moft elegant and entertaining prof-' 
 peds. 
 
 The cattle on this ifland were computed to amount 
 to 10,000, (we fuppofe he means horned cattle) all per- 
 fedtly white except their ears ; befides which there were 
 hogs and poult^ without number. The cattle and 
 fowls were fo fat, that the men could run them down, 
 and were under no ncceflity of fhooting them. Their 
 flefh is well tafted, and very eafy of digeftion. 
 
 About the beginning of the prefent cehtur>', this 
 ifland was laid to conuin at leaft 30,000 inhabitantA, . 
 when a dreadful mortality raging among them, pro- 
 digious numbers died, and the calamity prevailing 
 Vith equal violence in the iflands of Kota and Guam, 
 the Spaniards obliged thofe that remained at Tinian to 
 remove to Guam, in order to make good the deficiency 
 by the number of the fouls that had periflied in that 
 illaml ; fmce which time, Tinian has been wholly un- 
 inhabited. The ruins of the buildings in Tinian, fome 
 of which are of a particular form, evince it to have been 
 once a p(^ulous place. The ifland of Rota has not any 
 thing in it that demands particular attention. Its chief 
 produce is rice, which is cultivated by a few Indians, 
 who live there undifturbed, but arefubjedt to theSpanifh 
 governor. 
 
 Though the other iflands are uninhabited, they are in 
 general exceeding fertile, the air good, and the climate 
 temperate. They alfo produce plenty of provifions ; 
 but they are feldom vifitcd, on account of the great io- 
 conveaience arifing from the want of water for anchor.* 
 
 age. 
 
Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriei in the Southern Ocban, &c. 947 
 
 age. 
 
 tge. Tlnian is more commodioui in thii p«riicular, 
 but eren there it it very unfafe from June to CXitober. 
 In the month of Scpfcinbcr, the Tamnr, one of Com- 
 modore Byron's fliips. met vith an accident, that «a» 
 attended with fatal confeouenccs to two of her belt 
 feameni (he had, as ufual. rent her boat onlhore, when 
 the furf fuddenly rofc fo high as to fill the boat with 
 water, by which meana the men were dalhcd agamft 
 the fteep craggy rocks near the fliore, and two of them 
 drowned 1 and the reft who were lix in number, with 
 great difficulty efcaped fuffcringthe fame fate, byfwim- 
 ming to (horc, they being frequently repelled by the 
 unuiual fwell which prevailed at that time. 
 
 Several other iflands have lately been difcovered to 
 theeaftward of the Philippines) and from them called 
 the New Philippines, of which father Clan, in a letter 
 from Manila (mferted in the Philofophical Tranfac- 
 tions) gives the following ;:ccount : that he happening 
 to be at the town of Guivana, in the ifland of Samar, 
 found JO palars, or inhabitants of certain newly dif- 
 covered iflands, who were driven there by the callcrly 
 winds which blow in thofe feu from December to 
 May. They had run before the wind for 70 days to- 
 gether, according to their own relation, wit.iout being 
 able to make any land till they came in fight of Guivam : 
 they were 35 pcrfons, and embarked in two boats, with 
 their wives and children, when they firft came out, but 
 feveral pcriflicd by the hardfhips they underwent in 
 the voyage ; they were under fuch a confternation when 
 a man from Guivam attempted to come on board 
 them, that all the people which were in one of the veffcls, 
 with their wives and children, jumped over board ; 
 however, they were atJencth perfuaded to fteer into the 
 harbour, and they landed the 28th of December, 1696. 
 They eat cocoa-nuts and roots which were brought them 
 very freely, but would not touch boiled rice, the com- 
 mon food of the Afiatics. Two women, who had 
 formerly been call on fliore from the fame iflands, were 
 their interpreters ; they related that their country con- 
 fifled of 12 iflands, and by the form of their veflcls 
 and fails their country fcemed to be in the neighbour- 
 hood of the Mariana's, or Ladrone Iflands 1 they re- 
 lated that their country was exceeding populous, and 
 that all the iflands are under the dominion of one king, 
 who keeps his court in the ifland of Lamaree: the 
 natives go half naked, and the men paint and ftain their 
 bodies, making feveral forts of figures upon them, but 
 the women and children are not painted; the com- 
 plexion and fliape of their face is much like thofe of 
 the tawny Philippines or Malaycs : the men wear only 
 a cloth about their loins which covers their thighs, and 
 another loofe about their bodies which they tic before. 
 There is littlo difl^crencc betwixt the drcfs of the men 
 and women, but that the cloth which covers the wo- 
 men hangs a little lower on their knees 1 their language 
 is different both from the people of the Philippines 
 and the Ladrone Iflands, and comes nearefl to that of 
 the Arabs : the woman that feem molt conflderable 
 among them, wear necklaces, bracelets, and rings of 
 tortoifefliell. They fubiifted themfelves all the time 
 they were at fea with the fifh they catched, in a kind 
 of wicker baflict with a great mouth, ending in a point, 
 which they hauled after them ; and their drink wa* 
 rain water, which they happened to be fupplied with : 
 they have no cows, or dogs, in their iflands, and they 
 run away at the the fight of the one, and the barking 
 of the other ; neither have they any horfes, deer, cats, 
 or any four tooted beads whatever ; or any land fowls 
 but hens, which they breed up, and never eat their eggs: 
 they were furprizcd at the wnitenefs of the Europeans, 
 having never feen any people of this complexion, as 
 they were at their manners or cufioms : it does not ap- 
 pear that they have any religion, nor do they ufc any 
 let meals, but eat and drink whenever they arc hungry 
 or ihirfty, and then but fparingW. They falute any one 
 by uking him by the hand or foot, or gently ftroaking 
 hit face : among their tools thay have a faw made of 
 a bi^c fliell, (harpened with a flone, having no iron or 
 other metals in their country ; and were furprifed to 
 fee the many ;ooU ufcd in building a fhip. Their 
 
 arms are lances or darts, headed with human bones and 
 flwrpenedi They feem 10 be a people of much lite and 
 courage, but of a peaceful diipofition 1 and are well 
 proportioned, but not of a large fize. We now pro* 
 ceed with the narrative of our voyage> 
 
 On Monday, the (oth of September, after having 
 been at the ifland of* Tinian nine weeks, we found our 
 lick pretty well recovered i and this day the tents were 
 ordered to be firuck, and to be brought, with the forge 
 and oven on board the fhips. We alio laid in two thou- 
 fand cocoa-nuts, and a quantity of limes, for the ufc of 
 the feamen, the Commodore having experienced them 
 to be cflkacious antidotes againfl the fcurvy. On Tuef.* 
 day, the 1 ft of Oiflobcr, we weighed, and failed from 
 Tinian and the reft of the Ladrone iflands. Havini^ 
 finilhed our bufincfs on which we were fent, by the dis- 
 covery of thofe iflands in the South-Seas, according to 
 our original dei\ination, we bent our thoughts to- 
 wards returning home, and it was propofed, fliould wc 
 be fo fortunate as to find the N. E. monfoon fet -n, be- 
 fore we flwuld get the length of the Baflie iflands, to 
 touch at Batavia, which our Commodere preferred to 
 any port of China for recruiting his fliips, he being de- 
 tcricd from touching at the latter, and particularly at 
 Canton, bythebafcand ungenerous ufagc which Lord 
 Anfon received there, after a voyage of much longer du- 
 ration, and attended with a ferics of the mofl dreadful 
 diflreircsandniisfbrtunes.thatcallcdrorpityandafiiflancc. 
 We had very little wind this day and the next, till tho 
 evening, when it came to the wcftwa d and blew frefli. 
 Ontiicjrd, in the mornin^' wc Itood to the northward, 
 and made the ifland of Anatacan, remarkably high, and 
 the fame that was firft fallen in with by Lord Anfon. 
 On the loth, we obferved in latitude 18 dog. 33 min. 
 north, and in i;j6 deg. 50 min. caft longitude. On Fri- 
 day, the 1 8th, feveral land birds were fcen about the 
 fhips, which appeared to be very much tired : a vciy 
 remarkable one was caught; it was about the fize of a 
 goofe, and all over as white as fnow, except the legs 
 and beaks, which were black : the beak was curvra, 
 and of fo great a length and thicknefs, that it is not 
 eafy to conceive how the inufcles of the neck (which was 
 about a foot long, and as fmall as that of a crane) could 
 fupport it. We kept it alive about four months upon 
 bifcuit and water, but it then died, apparently for want 
 of nourifliment, being almoft as light as a bladder. It 
 was very difTcrent from every fpccies of the toucan that 
 is rcprefented by Edwards; and, in the opinion of our 
 Commodore, has never been defcribed. Thefe birds 
 appeared to have been blown off fome ifland to the 
 northward, that is not laid dow 1 in the charts. On 
 Tuefdav the 22nd, at fix o'clock A, M. the northernmoft 
 of the ikflie iflands, being Grafton's, bore fouth, dif- 
 tant fix leagues. We proceeded without touching at 
 this place, which was propofed, and ftf'^.ed weftward 
 again. By our reckoning, which however the experi- 
 ence of Captain Gore has fincc difproved, it lies in la- 
 titude 21 deg. 8 min. north, and in 1 18 dcg. 14 min. 
 caft longitude, The principal of thefe iflands are five 
 in number, but we were induced not to touch at any one 
 of them, on account of the dangerous navigation front 
 thence to the flraits of Banca. On the 24th, we were 
 inhtitude 16 deg. 59 min. north, and 113 deg. i min. 
 call longitude. We therefore kept a good look-out for 
 the Triangles, which lie without the north end of the 
 Prafil, and occafion a moft dangerous Ihoal. On tho 
 3Gth, we found ourfelves in latitude 7 deg. 1 7 min. north, 
 and in 1 04 dee. aimin. eaft longitude. This day we 
 obferved feveral large bambcxM floating about the fhip. 
 
 On Saturday the 2nd of November, we found by ob- 
 fervation, our latitude to be 3 deg. 54 min. north, lon- 
 gitude 103 deg. 20 min eaft; and on the 3rd, wc came 
 in fight of the ifland of Pulo Timoan, bearing S. W, 
 by W. diftant about twelve leagues. On the jtli, we 
 anchored in a bay on ihe eaft fide of the ifland, in fix- 
 teen fathoms water, and at about the diftance of two 
 miles from the fltore. On Wedncfday the 6th, we 
 landed, in hopes of procuring frefh provifions, but 
 found the inhabitants, who are Malays, a furly infolcnt 
 fet of people. On feeing us approach the fhore, they 
 
 came 
 
 ,'!'': 
 
 , I' ) r 
 ■{I.- 
 
 
1 
 
 \i 
 
 1' 
 
 #■ 
 
 
 came down to tb«: beach in grea nuniben, each man 
 havingalong knife in one hand, a fpcar hcadtd with 
 iron in the other, ami a dagger by hisi lidc. Notwith- 
 Randing thcfc hol\ilc appearances, we landed, but could 
 only purchafc about a dotcn of tuwU, a suat, and a kid ; 
 fofr which wc /itfered them knivtH, hatchets, lUUhooki, 
 and the like, which they rct'ufcd w ith ^rcat lontenipt, 
 and demanded rupees in pauncnt. Having none ol° 
 thcli* pieces, \vc were at a lols how to |>ay for what we 
 had purchafed, but recollecting we had Ibmc pocket 
 handkerchiefs, they accepted of them, though they took 
 only the bc(K Thcfc |x:opIc are well nude nut fmali in 
 (laturc, and of a dark c()i)pcr colour. There wai 
 among thcman oldman.dreflcd fnmeuhat in the fafliion 
 of the Perfians, but all the icft were naked, except 
 fome pieces of cloth, whiihwcrc faftcned with filver 
 clafps round their wailh; and they wore kind of tur- 
 bans, made up of hamlkcnhicfs, upon their heads. 
 We law not any of their women, whom they probably 
 took care to keep out of our light. Their houfes arc 
 neatly built of Hit b.miboo, and raifed upon pillars 
 about ci^ht feet from the ground. Their boats arc of 
 an admirable go.'d conllruCtion, and Ihinc of them of 
 large dimenftons. In thefe they probably trade to Ma- 
 lacca. This illand is mountainous, woody, and pro- 
 dQccsthe cccoa-niit, and cabbage tree, in great abund- 
 ance! but the natives would not permit us to have any 
 of their fruit. We faw alfo fome rice grounds; but 
 what may be the other produdions of this illand we 
 cannot fay. In the bay is excellent filliing, though the 
 furf runs very high. We hauled our fcync with great 
 fucccfs, but could cafily perceive that by fo doing we 
 oflended the inhabitants, who conddcrcd all the filh 
 about the illam) ns their own property. Two "line ri- 
 vers run Hitoihis bay, and the water is excellent; wc 
 tilled as many calks with it as loaded the boats twice. 
 Some of the natives brought down to us an animal, 
 which had the body of a hare and the legs of a deer. 
 One of our officers bought it ; and wc would have kept 
 it alive, had it been in otir power to have procured pro- 
 per fuftcnanccj but this being impoiliblc, it was killed, 
 and wc found it excellent fixid. We liaid here only 
 two nights and one day, and all the time, had the mol> 
 violent thunder, lightning, and rain wc had ever known. 
 This illand of PuloTimoinlicsoli" the eallcrn coaflof 
 the pcninfula of Malacca, in latitude 3 dcg. 12 min. 
 north, longitude 105 dcg. 40 min. eal>. Finding that 
 nothing more was to be procured at this place. 
 
 On Thurfday the 7th, in the morning wc fet fail, and 
 after arriving in the latitude of Pulo Condone, we h.id 
 nothing but tornados, and tcnipclhious weather. On 
 the loth, at fcven o'clock A. M. the call end of 
 Lingcn bore S. W. by W. diltant twelve leagues. At 
 noon we anchored with the kcdgc in twenty fathoms; 
 and at one o'clock P. M. we faw a fmall illand, which 
 bore S, W. half S. diflant ten leagues. On Monday the 
 I ith, we weighed, and, having made fail, we dcfcricd 
 fome fmall iflands, which we luppofed to be Dominet, 
 bearing W. half N.diftant fcven leagues. At noon by 
 obfcrvation wc found our latitude to be 1 8 min. fouth. 
 On the 1 2th, at ten o'clock A. M. wc faw a fmall 
 Chincfcjunk; and on the 13th, a fmall illand, called 
 Pulo Tote. At four o'clock, P. M. we came to an an- 
 chor, and faw a fmall (loop about four miles diftant 
 from us, which hoifted Dutch colours. In the night wc 
 had violent rain with hard fqualls. On Thurfday the 
 14th, wc weighed, and at nine o'clock A. M. made 
 fail. The vclTcl we had feen the day before ftill laying 
 at vnchor, we fent a boat with an officer to fpcak with 
 her: the officer was received on hoard with great civi- 
 lity ; but w a& njuch furpri/ed at finding, that he could 
 not make hinifclf underftood, for the [>cople on board 
 were Malays, without a lingle white man among them; 
 they made tea for our men unuicdiotely, and m every 
 refpciit behaved with great hofpitality. This veflel was 
 of a lingular form ! her deck was of flit bamboo, and 
 flic was Itcored, not by a rudder, but by two large pieces 
 of timber, one upon each quarter. This day the wind 
 became more moderate and variable from N. N. W. to 
 W. S. W. On the 1 5th, wc fgr fad. and at two o'clock 
 
 4 
 
 the VV () R L I> C o m i- l k 1 1 
 
 P. M. Monopin hill bore S. by 1''.. diilant ten league*, 
 having the appearance iila fmall illand. It Ixar* b. by 
 W. fr(Mii the i( ven iflandi, md in dillai\t from tlicin fe« 
 ven leagues, in the latitude of two dcg. fuuth. Fioiii 
 thcfevcn illar "i wc ftccrcdS. W. by S. ami foon after 
 faw (he coall of Sumatra, bearing from W. S. \V. to 
 W. by N. dil^ant fcven leagues. In the evening we an- 
 chored; andonthe i6ih,at fiHir A.M. wc continued our 
 courfe .S. by E. till the peak of Monopin Hill bore call, 
 and Uatacarai.g Point, on the Sumatra llore S. W. in 
 order to avoid a flioal called Krederii k Hendrick, 
 which lies nearly midv«ay between the Iknca and Su- 
 matra fliorc. Wc then II cored V. S. !•'.. and kept mid- 
 channel, tofliun the banks of Palamb.im River, and that 
 which lies ot)° the weflernii>n point of Hanea. When 
 abreall of Palambain River we regularly ilioaled our 
 water, and when wc had pallid it, wc deepened it again. 
 We held on our courfe L. S. K. Utween the third and 
 fourth points of Sumatra, which arc aliout ten Uagiica 
 dillant frcin each other. The liijih land of (^eda 
 Banra appeared over the thiid point of Sumatra, bear- 
 ing 1'^. S. 1£. From the third point ;i) the (leoiui, the 
 courfe isS, E, by .S. at the dillaiU ot ilt\cn l(;i|.;iies. 
 The high lanil ut Queda Bama, and the Ici oiul jioinc uf 
 Sumatra bearF". n7i£. and VV. S. W. fioiu each other. 
 The llrait is live leagues "ver, and the mid tliannel is 
 twenty- tour •'a'hnms. .\t lix o'clock in the evening, 
 we anthored; and at five in the morning on the 17th, 
 wc weighed, with a moilertue gale at well. On Tucf- 
 day, the lath, we met with an FnglHli Ihow, belonging 
 to the F".alt Fndia Company, whole Captain with great 
 gcneroiity, pi''fentcd our Cominmloic with a flicep, a 
 do/cnof fowls, and a turtle. Tliis was a moll atiept- 
 able prcfent, t()r we had now nothing to cat but the 
 Ihip's proviiions, which were become siry bad. Our 
 beef and pork Hunk intolerably, and our bread was rot- 
 ten and full of worms. In the afternoon wc anchored. 
 and fent a boat to found for the (lioals which lie to the 
 northward of Lalipara. which illand bore from us S. 
 E. by S. diftiint fix leagues. On the 20th we worked 
 between the Ihoals and the coaft of Sumatra, and hav- 
 ing got through the ftratt, well known to navigators, on 
 the 27th, we ftcercd between the illands of Edam and 
 Horn, and entered the road of Uatavia, where wc an- 
 chored without the (hipping. 
 
 On Wedncfday the 18th, we moored nearer the town, 
 and falutcd the fort with eleven guns, w hich were re- 
 turned. We here obfcrvcd, that.fince our leaving Eng- 
 land, we had lofl: a day in our reckoning, by having 
 (\ccred weltward a year; fo that by the Dutch account 
 this day was the 29th of November, Wc counted in 
 this road more than one hundred fail great and fmall; 
 among which was an Englifli (hip from Bombay, alfo 
 the Falmouth man of war, which wc found condemned 
 and lying alhore, and all the men cleared for England, 
 except the warrant officers, who were left here till the 
 Lords of the Admiralty (hould think proper to recall 
 them. A Dutch Commodore belonging to their com- 
 pany is always Rationed here, who in the eyes of his 
 countrymen is a perfon of very great confequcnce. He 
 thought fit to fend his cockfwain. a very dirty ragged 
 fellow, who aflted the Commodore many irnpcrtiiunt 
 ((uenions, as whence we came, ficc. at ths fame timu 
 pulling oat a book, pen, and ink, in order to fet down 
 the anfwers ; but our gentlemen being impatient to favc 
 him any more trouble, dclircd him mimediatcly to walk 
 over thclhip's lidc, and put off his boat, with which he 
 was gracioufly pleafed to comply. The Commodore 
 went on (hore, and vifited the Dutch Governor m his 
 country -houfe, by whom he was received with great po- 
 litencfs, and told, that he might take a houfc in any part 
 of the city, or be lodged at the hotel. Any inhabitant 
 of Batavia permitting a (Granger to ilecp, though but 
 for a fingle night in his houfe, incurs a penalty of 500 
 dollars: the hotel being the only liccnfed lodging- 
 houfe, the governor appoints the keeper of it, who was 
 at this time a Frenchman. This hotel is the mod fu- 
 pcrb building in the city, having more the air of a pa- 
 lace than an inn. During our Itay at this place, wc 
 were fupplied with good greens, fmits of all kinds, and 
 
 plenty 
 
Commodore BYRON « VOYAGE— lew miki»« Difiovcrio* in tlw Son ihumn Ocbak, Lc. 249, 
 
 fieatf ol' frelli iiicat: \vu ttiok alio on Ixurcl 4 ^rrai 
 quantity of water, ac the rate Of five HiillliiH'. * Icajjir. 
 or a hundred and filry uallom. A fliip ol four hun- 
 dred and fifty torn, built at Uomhay. «a» emptoycJ in 
 caulking the Dolphin, andpayinghcr bottom and tiiku 
 with varniQi. when we arrived heir. \\c h;ul not imc 
 man fick in cither lljip»i but knowing Batavia tit lie 
 more unhealthy than any other |«rt of the liall Inilics, 
 and a* the rainy feafon wa» at hand, and our men ( onld 
 procure arrack at a very low rate, it wai »br thcfc rcii- 
 ton> reiblved to make our ftay at fliort as pofliblc : how- 
 ever, we had an opportunity of enquiring into ihc (late 
 of thin country, and wc hope the following pariitular 
 account of what wc learnt wili not be difikgrccablc to uur 
 friends and readers. 
 
 The illand of Java, the capital whereof is Batavia, 
 lies lix degrees fouth of the line, and is diviiicd from Su- 
 matra, difiant therefrom five fcaguci, by the ftraits of 
 Sunda. It i» fuppofed to be 420 miles in length ex- 
 unding almoft due caft and weOj but its breadth, 
 which IS hardly any where more than 1 50 milus, is dif- 
 fcrrni in different places. On the north coatt of Java 
 are fevcral g«xxl harbours, conrmodious creeks, and 
 UourifliinK towns, with many iOands near the fliore. 
 Though Java is fituated fo near the ciiuator, few climates 
 arc more temperate .ind healthful a' particular fcafons, 
 the call and weft winds blowing all the year all along 
 the Ihoic, bcfulcs the general land and fca-breezes, but 
 in the month of DcccMiber the coall is very dangerous, 
 on account of the violence of the weuerly winds. 
 In February the weather is changeable, with ftorms of 
 thunder and lightning: and in Mav the rains are fome- 
 timei fo violent, for three or four days together, t!:;it all 
 the low countries arc laid under water: oiu- git.it con- 
 venience attends this di/agreeable circumliance, which 
 is that of dedroying infinite broods of infeds, that 
 would otherwifc dellroy the fruits of the earth. Their 
 fiigar and rice ripen in July and Otitober, which months 
 not only furnidithc inhabitants with all kinds of fruits, 
 but with every neccflary and luxury of life. The land, 
 which is very fertile about the fca-coad, is finely divcr- 
 lified with hills and valleys, which, near Batavia, is 
 highly improved by rich planutions, fpacious canuls, 
 and whatever can add to the charms of a country natu- 
 rally plcafant and agreeable. But the Dutch have 
 made a very inconfiderablc progrefs in the cultivation 
 of the country beyond the neighbourhood of that city. 
 the entrance to the inland parts being almoft every 
 where obi) ruded by inipaflablc forefts.orby mountains, 
 whofe heads fccm to touch the clouds. Java produces 
 a great variety of fruit : there arc here cocoa trees in 
 abundance; and in the plains is found a tree, whofe fruit 
 is called jamboos, the juice whereof is ufed by the na- 
 tives as an infallible remedy againft the flux, which often 
 rages with great violence. The Indian forrel, which 
 has no refemblance to that in England, is eaten by the 
 inhabitania !" larr; quantities with their faladi, a id its 
 leaves mixed with faw-diiflof fandal wood is ufcc as a 
 certain cure for the tooth-ach. Their fruits are, in ge- 
 neral, very rich, particularly their pompions, the inv dc 
 of which are red, and taftc not unlike our cherrii s. 
 With refpedt to their fliapc, they bear the ncareft refem- 
 blance to an orange, but arc of a much larger fize; a 
 lingle one fometimes weighing eight or ten pounds. 
 This fruit, if left on the tree, continues in perfection all 
 the year round, and when gathered, will, with care,, keep 
 foMT or five months. Wc thought them fo excellent, 
 that we brought many of them to England. The 
 mango fruit rites from a white flower that grows on the 
 finall twigs of a tree, every way as large as our Englilh 
 oaks. Pepper and coffee alfo grow in the country, and 
 ac a fmall diilancc from Bauvia are fcveral plantations 
 of fugar canes, from which is made a confiderablc 
 {Quantity of fucar. What is here called the Indian 
 oak, isas durable as any that can be found in Europe, 
 the wood being of fuch a confiAence. as to be proof 
 ■gainftthe worms, and, what is more, againft the mict, 
 which will gnaw a paffage through almoft every other 
 fort of wood. The leaves of this tree boiled in water, 
 till one half of them ii confumed, is, among the natives. 
 
 No. 3.0. 
 
 tli( general tciiicdv a^v.iinll pknnl ei, In (1 ort we were 
 tiilU, thutaliiioll all loriH ol ^aiJui Ihitf ihiivc fn Ua-* 
 tavin, iiiiil th:u rhofc brou^jht not only from Surat and 
 IViiia, I'lic Iruin Kuiope, yield mar that city a great in- 
 cicale, lo that their kifhen };ardrns produce (icafcand 
 bcanv u i[h routs and herbs futlicicnt finr the confump- 
 liiinor ihL- jnhabitHncs: however rice is the only com 
 that j^ti»tt!i in the illanJ. Ihc woods and fiiirlls of 
 Jjv.i al ouiul with a pru«Ji)>ioui variety of wild beaft*^ 
 ns iluiioecrofcs, tygcrs, lokcs, biiftiiloes, apes, wllot 
 hurles, jackals, and crocodiles. Their cows are nearljr* 
 ns lar^'.c as ours in England, and have generally two or 
 three calves at a time : their Iheepare alfo nearly of the 
 li/e of ours. 1 hey hjvc likewile a prodigious number 
 of ho^s whofe fleftj is eftefmcd excellent, and far pre- 
 ferable to beef or mutton. Here arc a variety of fowls, 
 partieiilarly partridges, pheafants, wood-pigeons, wild 
 piaeotks, and bats fo large, that the body of ohl- of 
 ihcmis us big as that of a rat, and their wings vilun 
 extended reach at leaft three feet, from the extremity of 
 one to that of the other. With refpcd to reptiles, they 
 have many that are very pernicious, particularly fcor- 
 pions, among which we faw feveralthat wcic at leaft a 
 quarter of a yard in length 1 but thofe of a fmaller fize 
 are fo common, that it is hardly pofliblc to remove a 
 cheft, a looking.glafs, or a large pidlure, without find- 
 ing them, and being in danger of fullering b\ their 
 fting. 'I he fame creature fmothcrcd in oil, and ap- 
 plied to the wound is a general remedy againft their 
 noilon. IJelidcs thefe, there arc a great number of 
 rn.ikcsof illlirrent lizcs, from one loot in length to ten. 
 Among a variety of valuable animals ufc fill to man, 
 there arc none more plentiful than fifti, of which there 
 ;irc many kinds, and very good, as alfo a great number 
 of turtle. 
 
 'I he illand of Java was formerly divided into fevera! 
 petty kingdoms, which arc at prefcnt united under the 
 jurifdiiiiion of the king of Bantam, who is in the pof^ 
 ItfTionof ihceaftcrn part of the ifland, as the Dutch 
 are of thcwcflcrn, and fone parts of the coaft. The 
 iwtivcs of Java are, according to the Dutch, not only 
 proud beyond meafurc, but (killed in all the arts of im- 
 pofture. 1 heir faces are Hat and of a brow n caft, with 
 ftnall eyes, like theantient Chinefe, from whom they 
 boaft their original dcfcent. The men, who are ftrong 
 and well proportioned, wear round their bodies a piece 
 of calico, which among the more wealthy is flowered 
 with gold. The women arc in general fmall of ftaturc, 
 and have a piece of calico, which re.nchcs from their 
 arm-pits to their knees. The principal part of them, 
 cfpcciallv thofe near the coaft, arc Mahomcdans, and 
 the reft t'agans. In the weftern part of the ifland arc 
 many towns, and in the eallern, the cities of Balambuan 
 and Mataram are thofe in which the king of Bantam 
 relides, who is fliled the Emperor of Jai/a, Batavia 
 was formerly no more than an open village inhabited by 
 Pagans,andrurroundedby a palifado of bamboos; but 
 •fince the Dutch have eftablifhed a fcitleinent. it is be- 
 come one of the fineft cities in the Indies. It lies in c 
 deg. 50 min. fouth latitude, and is watered by many 
 fmall rivulets which unite into one ftrcnni, befoic they 
 difcharge thcmfclves into the fea. The city is of a 
 triangular form, fortified with a ftone wall that has 
 twenty-two baftions. and four great gates, twt) of which 
 arc exceeding magnificent. The harbour is very capa- 
 cious, being large enough to contain a thoufand vciftis 
 in perfect fccurity from the violence of the winds. It 
 is ftiui up every night with a chain, through which no 
 fhipcanpafs without permi<7ion,and paying a fixed duty 
 to enforce which ordinances it is guarded by a ftrone 
 party of foldiers. The ftreets run in right lines, and 
 are moft of them thirty feet broud, and paved' with 
 brick near the houfes. Fifteen of the ftreets have ca- 
 nals of water running through them, and over one of 
 thofe canals arc four ftrong bridges, each confifting of 
 four arches twelve feet broad : but in the city there arc 
 fifty-fix bridges, b«fides many draw-bridges without 
 the walls. The ftreets are fo crowded, that from four 
 in the morning till late at night it is difficult to pafs 
 through them, on account of the concourfe of people 
 i ^ ' continually 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 if 
 
 
•59 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMrtBTK. 
 
 v! 
 
 ^ ... 
 
 ? I 
 
 I II 
 
 il 
 
 eoncinually enipacd in burinrfi. Wc may obfcrvc of 
 tin public builaingt, (hat (he (.liincre htirpital ia a 
 neat ftniAure, Aipportnl by a tax laid on iivarriagis, 
 buritU, and public fhcwi, at well ai (he voluntary ron> 
 tributian of the Chinerc-mcnhant*. In the fame ftrcet 
 li • feundling-hoTpiul, and alfo a buiUlina, in which 
 art lodged all the artisana in the Duuh l<.a(t-lmiia Com. 
 ^ny'a fcrvicc. The company have likawife a grra( 
 fope^yard, (hat employi a conliilcrahlt* nuntbcr ot'(hc 
 poorer Ton of people, who work iimler (he (hade of (he 
 nut-^rcea planted on each tide. Tu the weft end of 
 thia yard are the company's warehoufct, for mace, 
 cinnJinKin, clovea, and other coinmoiiitiei. In (he 
 c*n\t, which ii of a quadransular (igurr, built u^mn a 
 lla(, arc apartmanti for all the mcnilKm ol the council 
 of the Inaiei. The palace it within the walU of the 
 caflle, and ii appropriated to the ul'r of the ^rovi-rnor. 
 It ii built wim brick, but is cxtrrincly mugniiicent, 
 aod loftier than the other buildinp of the city. On 
 the top of the turret bc'onging to the palace, ii placed 
 an iron fliip curioufl^ wrotight, for the nurpnlc of a 
 weathercock, which » fo large that it may no fcen fttme 
 leagues out at fca. Round the city forts are ereClcd, 
 to proteifl the inhabitants of the plain from the incur- 
 Sons of the original natives, who before thev were 
 crcAcd, frequently came down upon the peo()le, and 
 plundered their plantations. Among the principal 
 public buildings are a very handfomc town-noule i a 
 fpinhuyS( or noufe of correction; alfo four or five 
 cnurches for the Dutch QilvaniOst bcfides a great 
 number of religious ftrudures for the ufc of pcrfons of 
 other religions. The garrifun coniilh of foot i and 
 there is a troop of horfc, as a guard for the company'it 
 poircfTions Mgcd in the city: thcfc men are of good 
 feature, and when drawn up in their uniform, make no 
 defpicable appearance. 
 
 The inhabitants of Batavia are a compound of various 
 Nations, among whom the Dutch arc the moll power- 
 ful and wealthy. Next to thcfc are the Chincic, who 
 •re, perhaps, the mod ingenious cheats in the world. 
 They farm the excife and cuftoms, and indeed arc fure 
 to be concerned in every thing from which they have 
 a chance of deriving the lead profit. They live under 
 t governor of their own, and drefi in the fame manner 
 as thofe in China t but wear their hair long and neatly 
 braided, paying, in this lad circumftance, no manner 
 of regard to the Tartarian edi<fls, w hich in China oblige 
 the natives to cut ofl' all their hair but one lock. It 
 ii remarkable that on the top of a mount of earth, un. 
 demeath which lie the rciiuins ofonc of their gover- 
 nors, (lands a table, whereon is placed a cup, into which 
 the Chinefe fonietimes put money and provifions as an 
 ofTcring to the foul of the dcccafed. 'I'his is fituated 
 in the inidll of a grove, without one of the city gates. 
 The Malayans, who are the next in riches and trade to 
 the Chinefe, alio live under a governor of their own. 
 Their houfes are covered with leaves, and furroundcd 
 wtfth cocoa-trees. Their drcfs is the fame with the 
 Chinefe, and thi^ are generally chewing betel. The 
 Majrdykcrs, or TopalTes, arc idolaters of various na- 
 tions, who live both within and without the city, and 
 ferm to be a people of eafy difpofition, who accom- 
 modate thenifelvcs without much difliculry, to the cuf- 
 toms and nunncrs of the people among whom they re- 
 fidc. Their merchants carry on a confiderablc com- 
 merce : others of them arc of difl'erent trades, and par- 
 ticularly excel in gardening. They drefs in much the 
 fame manner as the Dutch, and their houfes are of 
 (tone, well built, and covered with tiles. Befides thefe, 
 there are people of many other nations, all of whom 
 have their different drcflcs, cuftoms, manners, and 
 places of religious \i'orlhip. So that the inhabitants 
 of this city make a moK motly appearance than can l)c 
 conceived by any who have not feen them. I'he roads 
 about the city, for many miles, are as good at any in 
 England : rhey arc very broad, and by the fide of them 
 runs a cana(, (liadcd with trees, which is tuvigablc tor 
 vefTcls of a v«ry large fize. On the other fide of the 
 canal are gardens, and the country houfes of the citi> 
 zens, (snon of whpm keep their carriages, it being 
 
 almoin a difgrare to be fcen on foot) where they fpenJ 
 as much of their time as pofTible, the (huation being 
 Icfs unwholefome than the city, which it built on ^ 
 fwamp I and the trees, though they have a plcafant ap- 
 pearance, mull undoubtedly prevent the noxious vapours 
 that are perpetually ariting, from bcingdifperfed, by 
 nbdruifling the circulation of the air. Thus wc have 
 given a particular account of every thing wc faw in 
 Hatavia worthy of obfervationi of which place the 
 reader will find a (till more circumllantial, i'ull, and 
 complete defcription, in the hillury of Capt. Cook's 
 fird voyage, page 81 of thii work. We now prcpareil 
 for our departure j and having fitted the lX>lphin, 
 taken in our water, and a fuAiiicnt (lo«.k of frclh 
 provilions, together with a quantity of rice and ar* 
 rack, 
 
 On Monday the loth of December, we weighed 
 anchor, and fct fail with the Tamar in company, being 
 falutcd, on our leaving the road, by the KngliOi fliip, 
 the Dutch Comnxklure and the fort. We pafTed by 
 the Thoufand Illands, which extend along the north, 
 fide of Java, almoft to the weft point of New Guinea. 
 Commodore Roggcwein failing through the midll of 
 of them, and finding it impoflible to count them, gave 
 them, wc are told, the general name of the Thouland 
 Ifiand*. They are inhabited by a favagc people of 
 a black coinplex ion, who arc almoin naked, ami thefe 
 iflands arc famous ibr producing a beautiful kind of 
 bird, known among us by the name of the bird of 
 paradifc. We alfo pafTed by a multitude of other fmall 
 illands, commonly called the Hed of Kofcs. After 
 which we entered the Straits of Sunday, where the land 
 on each fide is very high, both on the Ihore of the ifland 
 of Sumatra, and that of Java, the palTage 'jctwcen 
 which conOitutes the Straits of Sunila. The land of 
 the laft mentioned ifland is very irregular, and the in- 
 habitants extremely poor. They trafficked with us 
 chiefly for old cloaths ; and we had an opportunity of 
 fupplying ourfclves with a great quantity of the fine(t 
 green turtle, fowls, and fruit of all kinds. The Com- 
 modore bought for 10 rixdollars, as many turtle at 
 weighed upwards of 1000 pounds weight, part of 
 which he gave to our (hip's company, and alfo fcnt 
 a part to that of the Tamar. On the i4xh, at fevcn in 
 the evening, we came to an anchor on the north-fid^ 
 of Prince's lOand, which lies within the fouth entrance 
 of the Rraits, in order to recruit our wood and water. 
 Wc found this ifland well flocked with provifions of 
 all kinds, and particularly fowls. The inhabitanu are 
 to all appearance free from the dominion of the Dutch ; 
 though according to the accounts given by the natives, 
 they often fall viftims to their unprovoked cruelties, 
 as they fr quently fcize them, and reduce them to the 
 condition of flaves ; and even fell thein in tife fame 
 manner, as the negroes arc purchafed on the coafl of 
 Guinea. We layoff this ifland till the 19th, during^ 
 which time, we repaired an inaonfiderable damage the 
 Dolphin had fuflained, by having had fome pieces of 
 copper torn off the larboard bow, by the fmall bower 
 ancnor. This done, and having taken in as much: 
 wood and water as wc could flow, we weighed, .ind, 
 working to the windward, before night got without. 
 Java Head. By this time a putrid fever raged among 
 our crew, whereof three of our hands died, and many 
 others lay in fo dangerous a condition that wc had littlc 
 hopcs of their recovery. On the 25th, being Chriflmas. 
 day, our people were in high fpirits, and not a little 
 troublefomc t but at this time wc had an accident 
 which gave us fome concern. William Walter, a 
 quarter gunner, was lining aflccp with a pipe in his 
 mouth, and fell overboard ; when, nntwithnanding all 
 peflibic means were ufcd to fave him, he was never 
 fcen more. This unfortunate man was a very good, 
 feacnan, and univerfally refpedled by the officers and all 
 on board. 
 
 OnMonday the I oth of February, at . p, .^ 
 fix o'clock, A. M.wc came in fight of ^' "' •'"'*• 
 the coaft of Africa, in latitude 34 dra. 1$ min. fouth, 
 and in 31 deg. 4$ min. eftfl longitude. On the 12th, 
 at three P. M. ^c made land to the eallwai'd of Cape 
 
 d'Aguila^, 
 
CoMMODOiit BVRON'i VOYAGE— for making DU'covcrJei to the SouTMsaN Ociax.^c. a.n 
 
 1766. 
 
 lin. fouth, 
 
 Ithc 1 2th, 
 
 1 of CajK 
 
 i'Aguilas 
 
 d'Asuilai. but had comrary wiiwl* for fcveral davi 
 fqShcr. From henr « the coalJ lie. VV. N. W. to t^c 
 Cape of Gootl Hope, diftam about 30 Icaipici. ()n the 
 I ith. we pafTed between Penipiln llland and Oreen 
 l<oint, andat three o'clock. P.M. came to an anchor 
 in Table Bay. with a fre(h Bale, working to windward 
 undcra clofc reefed main and top-fail*. and there loumJ 
 foiiw litfht '>itch ftiipa and Indlamcn, bound for 
 lurope: In thii bay the S. E, wind blew fo ftrong. ai 
 to oblige ui to lie with our yardi and top-maft« ftruck 1 
 andltwa* fometimci with the greateft difficulty that 
 our boat* rca'-hed the (hore, through the violmce of the 
 fqualls. whin at particular timea are here fo great, at 
 to drive fl»ip» fron» their anchor* out to fca. On o«jr 
 entering the bay we faluted the fort, which compliment 
 watidimediatcly returned 1 and on Friday the 14th, the 
 Commodore waited upon the governor, who fent hi* 
 coach and fix to the water, fldc to receive him. The 
 Cape i» a moft excellent place for ftiip* to touch at 1 
 it it a healthy climate, a rtne country, and abounda with 
 rcfrefhmcnw of every kind. The i ompany'i garden it 
 a delightful foot, and at the end of it it a paddock be- 
 longing to tne governor, in which are kept a great 
 number of very curious animalt 1 among other* were 
 three tine oftrichet, and four zebrai of an uncommon 
 fi7.e. The fquare, in which the old governor livet, it 
 encompaflcd by many other grand buildings, bclkltt 
 what is appropriated to the ufe of thai great orticer, who 
 here appears with the dignity of a prince. Our Com- 
 modore during his ftav, refided in ahoufe adjoining to 
 the govcmor's, where he had a xntinal always at the 
 door, and a fencant who atten' -d hii' whenever he 
 went abrrod. In the middle o( ':his fquare is a very 
 fine foimtain, which fupplies thi greatcit part «.f the 
 town with water. The officera of both '>iips r -dcd 
 chiefly at Mr. Prince's, and as for a long time v.e had 
 enjoyed no recreation, we now f^-.-nt our ti' c very 
 agreeably. The people alfo on board hac^ all leave to 
 g») on (hore by turns, and they always contrived to get 
 completely drunk with cape wine before they returnee 
 This was chiefly owing to the civility of the inhabifants, 
 whoai they depend on the foreign (hips who u-ut ' here, 
 think it their intcreft to behave with go » J ma <nen, 
 and extraordinary complaifance to all ftrane rs. During 
 the time wc coiuinued at the Cape, which was three 
 weeks, ad ow board bmh (hips were fupplied with frc(h 
 mutton and beef; for proviftons are (b cheap, that a 
 fliccp may be bought for a Spani(h dollar, which , when 
 cleared of the oHUl, will weigh 50 or 60 pounds. 
 Their uils, which are reiiurkably large, ii^ chiefly 
 compofed of fat, which cats like marrow, i heir (kins 
 arc not covered with wool, at ours in England, biu with 
 a kind of down, intermixed with k>ng hair. The bul- 
 locks are large, and ufed for the inoft part in teams, 
 for which they arc preferred to horfes ; eight or ten of 
 them being harneiTcd together, and conduAed by a 
 (lave, who goes before to guide them. The horfct are 
 iinall, but very fpiritcd : an'i we were told an odd cir- 
 ciiindance concerning them. ' .> h is, that they are never 
 known to lie down but v..:: ck, and that this is an 
 infallible fign by which their owners know when they 
 are out of order. 
 
 With refpcct to the country in general, it is fituatcd 
 in35 deg. of fouth k..Liide,and in a temperate climate, 
 where the extreme"- .>f heat and cold arc equally un- 
 known. It al . u ids with the moil beautiful landdapes, 
 the (kirts effhc mountains being interfperfed with lofty 
 groves of the fined trees, and the valleys and plains con- 
 ViR of deluhtful meadow lands, adorned with a variety 
 of the rooff beautiful flowers, that fill the air with their 
 fragrance. The land alfo produces the fineft vegetable 
 
 Erodudlions, and thericheh fruits, while mo(\ of thofe 
 rought from the Eaft and Wed Indies, fiouridi here 
 as well as in their native foil. One of the moft beauti- 
 ful, and a native, is the aloe, of which arc many fora, 
 fcen not only in the gardens of the company, but in the 
 clefts of the rocks, and, it it faid, that throughout the 
 year, one fort or other is continually in bloom. The Indian 
 gold-tree islikewifca remarkable curiofity.havinggold. 
 coloured lcave9lpe<;kled witb red, with fmall grcenifh 
 
 4 
 
 blonbm*. Ilereare alfo numbers of quince-trees, whofc 
 fruit is faid to be nut only larger, but belter than the 
 quinces of any other country in the known woild. I'hc 
 Dutch have difcovered fcveral excellent methods of 
 prefcrvina them, and not only make great quantities of 
 mannalaae for their own ufe, but fell it to the (hipa 
 that touch here for refrcdiments. No country abound* 
 with a greater variety of animals. Among the wild 
 bea(\t H re the elephant, the rhinoceros, and the buft'alo, 
 with iiocM, tygers, leopards, wolves, wild dogs, porcii • 
 pines, elks, ham, goats of various kinds, wild horfes, 
 the lebra, and many othen. Among the moO extraor- 
 dinary of thefc iaa fmall animal, fooKwhat larger than 
 a fquirrel, with a head that has fome refemblance to 
 that of a bear. It is called a rattlcmoufe, from its 
 frequently nuking a rattling noife with its tail. This 
 it nehher very hairy, nor very kmg. Its back is of a 
 liver colour, and us fides nearly olack. It purs like 
 a cat, and lives fur the moft part on trees, leaping like 
 a fquirrel from one tree to another, feeding upon acorns, 
 nuts, and the like. The feathered trilx are no Icfs 
 numerous 1 for befides many of thofe known in Europe, 
 here are olirichet much larger than thofe we law in the 
 ftraits of Magellan, flamingoes, fpoon-bills, blue-birds, 
 
 Sreen-peaks, the long-tongue and many others. The 
 amingo is larger than a fwan, and a very ftately bird. 
 Both the head and neck are as white as inow, and the 
 latter is conliderably longer than that of a fwan. The 
 bill is very broad, and black at the point, and the reft 
 of it of a deep blue. The upper part of the wing- 
 feathers are of a flame colour, and the lower black 1 
 but the legs, which are much longer than thofe of a 
 ftork, are of an orange colour, ana the f2et refcmble 
 thofe of a ooofe. Though th. y live upon fifti, their 
 flefti is both wholefome, and well ufted. The green- 
 peak is -U over green, except two red fpots, one on itf 
 reaft, M.A another on its head, and is a very beautiful 
 'tird. K feeds on infeds, which it picks out of the 
 I Ark of trees. The long-tongue is aoout the fize oi 
 a bull-flneti, and his tongue is not only very long, but 
 faid to I J)s hard as iron, and the end as ftiarp as the 
 point O'^ needle t thia being a weapon given it by 
 the authtn- of natu'e for its prciervation. The feathers 
 on the bcllv are yelk^w, and the reft fpecklcd. At the 
 Cape are alfo many < excellent fifti, a confiderable 
 
 number of which arc comnwn in Europe, and others 
 pediliar to thefe feu. The reptiles and inleifls are 
 likewife extremely numerous, and among thefe are a 
 variety of ferpents, fcorpions, and . fome centipedti. 
 Thus to counterbalance the advantage this country 
 affords, from the abundance of ufeful animals, there arc 
 alfo thrown into the fcale many that arc prejudicial and 
 extremely dangerous ; as if it was intended to (hew to 
 man, that amidft the greateft bleftiiigs and advantages 
 beftowed on one of the moft enchanting fpots in 
 the univerfe, it was necefTary to mix a certain pro- 
 portion of evil, to reduce it more to a level with thofe 
 countries that are in fome refpedb left defirable. 
 
 Both our (hip and the Tamar by this time had re- 
 ceived a frefh fupply of wood, water, and all neccflary 
 ftorcs, and being completely fitted for failing to our 
 native country, on Thurfday the 6th of March, our 
 Commodore took leave of the good old governor, and 
 the next day we got under way, and failed with a fine 
 breeze at S. E. On Sunday the i6th, at (ix o'clock, 
 A. M. we faw the rocks off the ifland of St. Helena, 
 bearing W. by N. dillant about eight leagues 1 and at 
 9oon, in 8 deg. 16 min. fouth latitude, we oibfcrved a 
 ftrange fail which hoifted French colours, but in the 
 evening ran her out of fight. We purfued our courTe 
 without any thing material occurring till tlie soch,- 
 when we were alarmed by the (hip's running foul of a 
 whale or grampus, on which (he ftruck her head, and 
 then her urbetrd bow. This put the Commodore and 
 officers in no fmall conltcination, left the Dolphin 
 (hould have fufl^ered from t ' olence of the ihOck, 
 as we were at that time runm .1 the rate of iix knota 
 an hour; however we found tiie (hock, though a rude 
 one, auended with no bad confeqilence. We perceived 
 the fea near the place vvhere the jbip ftrucx, tilled 
 
 ttiOl 
 
 
 :\ I', I 
 
 1 ' t';, 
 
 ii i 
 I" 
 
 r 
 
 'M 
 
 
 
:a5« 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 Ir 
 
 I 
 
 w ith blooj, by which wc fuppofed the whale was killed, 
 or at lean deeply wounded. On TucfdAy the 15th, we 
 croflcd the equator, in longitude 17 dr|^. 10 tnin. and 
 the next morning Captain Gumming of the I'imar, 
 made the fignal to bring to, and cameon board the Dol- 
 phin to inrorm the Comniadore, that the rudder braces 
 were broke from the ftem>poft, whereby the rudder waa 
 rendered intirel/ ufclefi: upon which the Corannodore 
 Cent his carpenter with aflmants on board the Tanuir, 
 who went to work upon a machine after the model of 
 that which had been fixed to the Ipfwichv and Gntfton, 
 e;u:h of which (hips, at dificrent tiinea, fteercd home 
 from Lpuilbourg by the help of fuch a (tibftitute for a 
 rudder. This machine was completed in about iix days, 
 and received fomc improvements from the ingenuity of 
 the conltrudor : but it was thought better to fend the 
 Tamar to Antigua, in order to rent; accordingly on the 
 til of April, the Tdmarpartcd company with the Dol- 
 phin, fleering for the Caribbee iflands. In their paf- 
 fage they found the difference of failing with: the ma- 
 chine, to be only about five miles in forty-eight hours. 
 After the departure of the Tamar, which was the firft 
 time of our being feparatod wholly from her iincc our 
 leaving England, and in latitude 34 deg. ndith, longi- 
 tude 3 5 deg. well, wc had a nH>ft violent gale of wind, 
 which drove us to the northward of the weftem iflands, 
 and into latitude 48 deg. north, longitude 14 deg. weft. 
 Wc came within two hundred leagues of the land, and 
 fpokcwith fevcral (hips lately from England, who gave 
 us very erroneous accounts of the bearing of the coafl. 
 We had now a (Irong eaflerly wind, which lafled feveral 
 days, and the weather appeared to us piercing cold, 
 from our iiaving uecn, during fo long a time, ufed to a 
 warm clinuue. However, wc at laft had a favourable 
 
 wind, and on Thurfday, the 7th of May, faw the illand 
 ^ of Sciliy. On the 9th, in the morning, we arrived in 
 the Downs, where wccaft anchor > having been nine 
 weeks' running from the Cape of Good Hope, and 
 fumewh^t more than two and twenty months in the cir- 
 cumnavigation of the globe. 
 
 Thus ended a voyage, originally planned by his Ma- 
 jefty, George the Third, and which produced thedif- 
 covery of tnofe idands, that have lately engrofltKl the 
 attention of the public. We have endeavourcoto defcribe 
 them, and our courfes with accuracy, and with truth 
 and authenticity, that mightJufUy be exp«fled from one 
 who faw every i;hing of which we have given a defcrip. 
 tion. By the afTiflance of divine providence, and the 
 tcndrrnefs of our excellent Commodore, in caufing the 
 crews to be fcrved with portable foup, and with the 
 ' greated humanity diftributing prpvifions to the fick 
 j from his own table, that dreadful difeafe the fcurvy was 
 rendered Icfs inveterate andi fatal ; and we loft, including 
 thole who were drowned, a verv inconlidetable number 
 of men. a number fo inconfldcrablc, that it is highly 
 probable, more of them would nave died, in the courle 
 of a year, had they llaid on (hore. From our arrival 
 at Spithead, till our leaving the fhip in the river, no 
 boats were fuffered to come on bqard us, nor any anfwera 
 to be given to enquirers, with refped to who we were, 
 or from what port wc were come, Ca that a variety of 
 conjediures were formed as to our late voya^. After 
 having waited a few days, each man, according to the 
 pronufe of the Commodore, received double pay for his 
 ' fervices, and had an opportunity of enjoying thofecomv 
 forts, which we, afceranab^nceof twenty-two months 
 from our native country, might be fuppofed ardently to 
 wiflifor. 
 
 A NEW, ACCURATE, GENUINE and COMPLETE HISTORY of 
 
 A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, 
 
 PERFORIVIED 
 
 By Captain SAMUfiL W ALUS, Efq. 
 
 In his MAJESTY'S Ship the DOLPHIN; 
 
 Having under his Command the Swallow iStoop and Princb Frederic Store-Ship, 
 of which Mr. CARTERET and Lieuteitant BRINE were appointed Mailers: 
 
 1 
 
 UNDERTAKEN PARTICULARLY 
 
 With a view to make Difcoveri^s in the SOUTH SEAS. 
 
 Which remarkable circuit of the Globewas hemai on Friday, the 22nd of August 1766, and 
 rompletedon Friday the 20th of May 1708, containing a Period of 637 Days, and included 
 in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768. j 
 
 i N T R O D iU C T I O N. 
 
 NEVER was there perhaps colleded together in any 
 language, a more copious fund of rational enter- 
 tainment than will be found in this comprehcnflve and 
 complete work, of which the prefcnt voyage ii a part. 
 To trace the progrefs of the difcoveries that have fuc- 
 cefTiVf^y been made, in pfling rouiid .the globe, mufl 
 fill the /eadcrs mind with fuch a virictjt of new infor- 
 mation, a> cannot fiiil to raife hit wonider, and cnteruin 
 him with ineiprelTiblc delight. In the courfe of this 
 >f<wk he i» fafcly conduftcd through regiorii that were 
 
 JUi 
 
 jonce thought inaCcelllble, and made acquainted with 
 countries altogether different from that wherein he 
 i dwells. Every page he reads will fumifh him with no* 
 veltics, and every voyage will bring him nearer to that 
 I unknown cotmtry, in fcarch of which fo many able 
 coipmanden have been fent in vain. The difcoverv of 
 the weftem continent by Columbut, gave ^eogrnphen 
 rciifan to believe, that a like continent exiftra lome- 
 , where in the fouth. Without fuch an equipoife thcf 
 could not conceive how the globe could prderve iu ba- 
 lance. 
 
Captain WALLIS's VOVACE— for making Difcovcries in theSoUTHEkN Ocean, 8cci 253 
 
 I*nce. Magellhaens. a Portugucfc mariner, was the lirll 
 who attempted to immortalizehis namcbythcdifcovcry. 
 He palled the ftrait»,that to this day bear his name, and 
 entered the Piciflc Ocean, where no European vcirei had 
 ever before failed. He difcovered the Ladronc and Phil- 
 lippine illei, and returned by the Cape dt Good Hope, 
 having furiounded the whole earth, and proved to dc- 
 monftration, the fpherical figure of the globe. He was 
 followed by navigatort of different nations, *ho, eniu- 
 lous of hi« glory, fought to purfue the track he had 
 pointed out, with better fuccelsj but the dangers they 
 encountered, and the difaftcrs they met with, rendered 
 the difficulties that attended the profccution infurmount- 
 able; many periflicd, and thofe who furvivcd were glad 
 to return home after a fruitlefs fearch. The ill fucccfs 
 which attended thefe firft attempts threw a damp upon 
 the enterprize, and it remained long unnoticed, except 
 in the writings of the learned. Some French geogra- 
 phers, fully pcrfuaded of the reality of fuch a continent, 
 endeavoured, a few years ago, to revive in their coun- 
 trymen the fpirit of enterpriie, with a view to derive 
 honour to their country, by compleating the difcovcry ; 
 but the tafte for uncommon navigations among the French 
 feemed intirely cxtinift, and it was not till the Dolphin 
 and Tamar had failed from England that they thought 
 of renewing it. 
 
 At this time, as we have elfcwhcre obfcrvcd, ourinou 
 gracious Sovereign had formed the dclign of diftin 
 guiihing himfcll by patroni/.ing the profccution of new 
 difcovcries in the unknown regions ol the fouthern he- 
 mifpherc; and furely nothing can more endear a Britifh 
 monarch to his maritime people, than a Heady perfe- 
 verance in this laudable refolution. The love of glory 
 is a paffion natural to kings: the conquerors of the 
 world are placed before them as patterns, and they are 
 encouraged by example to feck occalions for war to ac- 
 quire a name. But ho^. much more glorious is it to en- 
 large the earth with a new region, than to triumph in 
 the conqueft of fome rival ftatc! — to extend protedion 
 to a remote, and it may beadefcncelefs people, than to 
 boaft of levelling fortrclTcs, and by a general carnage of 
 friends and foes, become matter of a few defotated 
 towns, purchafed at an expence, a thoufand times 
 greater than what is ncceffary to infure the fuccefs of 
 of new difcoveries. Can there be any comparifon be- 
 tween the glory of a fuccefsful enterprise, founded on 
 the laudable motives of diffufing happinefs through re- 
 gions, whofe inhabitants, for ought we know, arc yet 
 immerfed in favage darknefs; and that of engaging in 
 a hazardous war, oy which millions of treafuremult be 
 expended, and thoufands of lives facrificcd? Is not the 
 chance of fuccccding in the M\ cafe much more proba- 
 ble than that of conquering in the other? And does not 
 fuccefs in the difcovery ot the long fought region pro- 
 rnife much greater advantage to a trading nation, than 
 the conquelt of any part of the earth on this fide the 
 globe ? Did not the little Phoenician (late reap more glo- 
 rious harvell from the difcoveries of its merchants, than 
 Alexander could boaft from all his conquefts? Was it 
 not the perfcverance of the Princes Henry, John, and 
 Emanuel, in fupporting the expcnces of profccuting 
 new difcoveries in the fifteenth century, that laid the 
 foundation of the Portuguefe greatnefs, whofc territo- 
 ries in Europe are of no incontidcrable extent ? But if 
 the glory of aggrandizing a llate, and perpetuating a 
 name to pofterity, be the firll objed of human ambi- 
 tion, where ihall we look for a monarch, who, after hav- 
 ingfpread murder and defolation throughout the world, 
 defccndedtothe grave with that heart-felt fatisfadlion, 
 that attended the Florentine merchant Americus Vcf- 
 pucius, when hefawall Europe agreeing, with one con- 
 fcnt, to transtcr his name to mure than a third part of the 
 tcrredrial globe ? 
 
 The fuccefs which has attended his prefcnt Majcfty's 
 firft elfays, in the voyages we arc nuw relating, though 
 it has as yet produced no extraordinary advantages to 
 compcnfate the fums expended in the profixution of 
 
 No. JO. 
 
 them, yet it has been fuch as to open the way to new 
 iflands, from whofe inhabitants ncW at-ts inay be Uurnt, 
 and from whofc productions new acuuifitions may be 
 made, both to the vegetable and foiiil kingdoms, by 
 which the boundaries of fcience may be enlarged, and 
 the gardensof the curious enriched. Not- does it afford 
 a fmall fatisfadion to inquifitivc mind>^, to be made ac- 
 quainted with the genius, the arts, the various purfuits, 
 the cudoms, the manners, the religious notions, the dif- 
 tiniflions of rank, and the fubordination that is to be 
 met with among the people of various iflands and coun- 
 tries, diftind from each other, and from us, in language, 
 habits, learning, and ways of living. Who can read 
 of the poverty and mifcry of the wretched inhabitants 
 of Terra del Fuego, who have nothing but the fl<ins of 
 bealls thmwn over them to defend them Irom the feve- 
 rity of the cold: natives of a mod horrid climate: not 
 better provided with food than with raiment: who can 
 read the ftoryof thefe forlorn creatures, without lament- 
 ing the condition of human beings, dettituteas thefe ap- 
 pear to be, of every comfort and convenience, and ex- 
 pofed every moment to the piercing ri{jour of the cli- 
 mite, and the ftill fevercr cravings of unfatisficd hunger ! 
 On the contrary, who can think of thefe, while, at the 
 fame time, he is told of the pleafurabic lives of thofc 
 happy iflanders, in the new difcovered countries, who 
 abound in Hefli, filh, and fruits, even to profulion, with- 
 out admiring the ways of providence, that, for purpofes 
 unknown to us, has fo unequally bellowed its difptnfa- 
 tions! In thefe voyages, when we read of men that eat 
 men, not from hunger, but from favage ferocity, we 
 •hudder to think of the depravity of our nature, and 
 are convinced of the neceflity of bounding our palTions 
 by wholefome laws, and of correding the irregularities 
 of ourappetites by the reftraints of religion. 
 
 The variety of incidents that happened to our navi- 
 gators, and in the courfc of their voyages, when hillo- 
 rically recited, afford a peculiar kind of entertainment, 
 net to be met with in other produdions of a different 
 kind. The many fingular adventures, unforcfeen <lan- 
 gers, and providential efcapes, that every (hip expe- 
 rienced in palling round the globe, can only be co:i- 
 ceivcd by thofe who read, and believed by thofe who have 
 fecn the wonders of the deep. Nothing tan excite or 
 gratify curiofity more than relations of m.irvcllous events 
 that happen in fucceflion, and in circumft.mccs equally 
 criticil and imporunt. There is not an object that prc- 
 fents itfelf either by fea or land, but affords Come de-rrcc 
 of ufe and fpeculation. The tifli that fwim about the 
 (hip, and the fowls that prefcnt themfcives in the ocean, 
 arc indications by which the (kilfiil mariner avails him- 
 felf, cither to guard againll the norm, or to prepare for 
 land; and our readers, as circumllances arife, either, 
 Ihares his danger, or panakes of his rcfrcftiiHent. We 
 are now preparing for them new fubjeds of entertain- 
 ment; and being about topafs again through the ftraits 
 of Magellan, into the vaft Pacific Ocean or South Sea, 
 it may not be amifs to offer a remark on this immenfe 
 Iwdy of water. It extends from the weftern coafts of 
 North and South America, to the eattern (hores of 
 China, Tartary and Japan. From its mod uertern 
 boundary between Peru and Chili, to its moft cadcrn 
 point at Cochin-China, it very near rolls over an extent 
 of 180 degrees of longitude; and it is now fup« 
 pofed, by the moft accurate invert igation that human 
 (kill anil fpirit will ever make, to reach quite to the 
 South-Pole, and may poffibly be as extenfive towards the 
 North; fo that this fea maybe faid to embrace, within 
 five degrees, an entire hemifphcre of the globe of the 
 world ; to explore which, in a ccnain track, is the objrd 
 of the voyage, undertaken by Captain Samuel Wallis. 
 The hiftory of this we (liall now prefcnt to the view of 
 our numerous fubfcribcrs, only obfcrving that Captain 
 VVallis in this circumnavigation of the globe, dircded 
 his courfc more weftwardly than any former navigator 
 within the tropics. 
 
 JS 
 
 C H A P. 
 
 » 
 
t- 1, 
 
 ID 
 
 254 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete, 
 
 i 
 
 ( I. 
 
 f 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 FffparatioHsfsr this voyage, inftfunions, i3c. — Names oflbefitips and commanders— CircHmftiinces wevious to their fetting 
 Jail from Plytnoulb — J ajfage from thence to the coaft 0/ Patagonia — Captain Byron's account of the gifantic natives con- 
 
 Jirmcd, uiih fame additional circwnftaitces — The three Jbips continue their cour/e through tbe Straits of Magellan The 
 
 narrative of the J'alagonians concluded — A particular and minute defcription of the coaft on eacbjide tL S:raits-—The 
 places in which the Jbips anchored during their pa/fage, with an account qj tbejboals and rocks that lie near them. 
 
 A D 1 766 \A/ ^ ^'^ ^^^ prcfcnt honourable Ad- 
 
 * ■ ' ■ VV miral Byron, then Commodore, 
 returned from his voyage round the world, Captain 
 Samuel Wallis, Efq. was immediately appointed to the 
 command of the Dolphin, in order to make another 
 circuit of the globe, but particularly with a view to dif- 
 coveries in the PaciKc Ocean, having the Swallow, a 
 (loop, mounting 14 guns, appointed to accompany him, 
 the command of which was given to Mr. Carteret, a 
 lieutenant under Commodore Byron, and who on his 
 return was advanced to the rank of a mafter and com- 
 mander. His co<nplemcnt was one lieutenant, 22 petty 
 officers, and 90 feamcn. The prince Frederic ftorc- 
 Ihip, was likewifc put under Capuin Wallis's com> 
 mand, whofe mailer was lieutenant Brine. 
 
 On the 1 9th of June, Capuin Wallis, having received 
 his commillion, went on board the Dolphin, and the 
 fame day hoifted the broad pendant, and began to enter 
 feamcn ; but agreeable to his orders, he took no boys 
 either for himlcif or any of his officers. The Dolphin 
 being now Htted for her intended voyage, the articles 
 of war, and the adl of parliament were read on board. 
 On the 26th of July, flic failed down the river, and on 
 Saturday the i6th of Augud, at eight o'clock, A. M. 
 anchored in Plymouth Sound. On Tuefday the 19th, 
 Captain Wallis received his failing orders, with inllruc- 
 tions refpecting the Swallow Sloop, and the Prince Fre- 
 derick florefliip ; and this day we took on board 3000 
 u'cight of ^rtable foup, and a bale of cork Jackets. 
 Every part of the fliip was filled with (tores of various 
 kinds, even to the flcerage and ilate room ; and an ex- 
 traordinary quantity of medicines being provided by 
 the furgeon, which confided of three large boxes, and 
 thefe were put into the Captain's cabbin. 
 
 On Friday the 22nd, at four o'clock, A. M. the 
 Dolphin, (on board of which was our journalid) de- 
 parted from Plymouth, in company with the Swallow 
 and Prince Frederick ; and too foon, to our mortifica- 
 tion, we found the Swallow to be a very heavy failor. 
 
 On Sunday the 7th of September, we had a view of 
 the iiland of Porto Santo, due well, and near noon 
 came in light of the call end of the ifland of Madeira, 
 .^t five we ran between this and the Deferters, and at 
 fix anchored in Madeira Roa««, about a mile from the 
 ihorc, in 24 fathoms water, with a muddy bottom. 
 About eight the Swallow and Prince Frederick canK 
 alfo to an anchor. I'hc next morning we faluted the 
 governor with 13 guns, and the compliment was re- 
 turned with an equal number. We failed fiom hence 
 on the 1 2th, after having taken in beef, wine, and a 
 large quantity of onions, as fea-ftores. On the i6th, 
 when oti the ifland of Palma, failing at the rate of eight 
 miles an hour, the wind ftiddcnly died away, and for two 
 minutes the velFcl had no motion, though wc were at 
 lead four leagues dillan' from the flwrc ; and we found 
 the fliip 1 5 miles to the fouthward of her reckoning. 
 Saturday the aoth, we caught eight bonettas, out of a 
 great number which furrounded the fliip, and this day 
 we faw two herons flying to the eaflward. The Swallow 
 parted from us in the night, between the 21 fl and 22nd, 
 and on Tuefday the 23rd, at noon, the ncarelt land of 
 the ifland of Bonavifla bore from S. to W. S. W. and 
 the eafl-cnd bore at the lame time well, diflant two 
 leagues. We now thought it neccflary to found, and 
 had only 15 fathoms, rocky ground; at the fame time 
 we perceived a great rippling, occalioned, as we fap- 
 pofcd, by a reel; alfo breakers without us, diflant about 
 one league in the dircdion of S. E. We fleered between 
 the rippling and the breaken, and the frince Frede- 
 rick paired^very near the laft, in the S. E. but had no 
 foundings ;" yet thefe breaktn are thought to bf dan- 
 
 gerous. On Wedncfday the 24th, at fix o'clock, A M. 
 the iflc of May bore W. S. W. diflant fix leagues , and 
 foon after our confort, the Swallow, joined company 
 again. At ten o'clock the weft end oi the ifland of 
 May, one of the Cape de Verd Iflands, bore north, dif- 
 unt five miles ; and at noon the fouth end of St. 
 Jago bore S. W. by W. diflant four leagues. Between 
 thefe two places we found a current, fetting to the fouth- 
 ward, at the rate of 20 miles in 24 hours. At near four 
 o'clock, P. M. we caft anchor in Port Praya, in com- 
 pany with the Swallow, and Prinoe Frederick, in eight 
 tathoms water, upon fandy ground. During the night 
 we had much rain and lightning. On the 25th, we 
 obtained leave from the commanding officer at the fortj 
 to get water and other neccflaries. Thi.<t being the flckly 
 feafon at this place, and the rains fo great as to render 
 it exceeding difficult to get any thing down from the 
 country to the fliips ; the fmall-pox being alfo at this 
 time epidemic ; the Captain detained every man on 
 board who had not had that contagious diflempcr. 
 However, wc caught abundance of fifli, and pro- 
 cured a fispply of water, and Ibme cattle from the ifland. 
 We $ilfo found large quantities of wild purflain, which 
 was very rcfrelhing, either raw as a fallad, or boiled in 
 our broth with pcafe. 
 
 On Saturday the 28th, we put to fca, and at about fix 
 o'clock. P. M. the peak of Terra del Fuego bore 
 W. N. W. diflant 1 2 leagues. In the night wc law very 
 plainly the burning mountain. This day Captain 
 Wallis ordered every man to be furniflied with hook 
 and line, that he might fupply himfelf with fifh ; and 
 likewifc to prevent infcdtion, commanded that no man 
 fliould keep his fifli longer than 34 hours ; for the Cap- 
 tain had oblcrvcd that not only flale, but even dried 
 fifh, had tainted the internal air of ihe fliip, and made 
 the people fickly. 
 
 On Wednefday the i ft of Oclobcr, we lofl the true 
 trade wind, and had variable gales. Wc were now in 
 latitude 10 deg. 37 min. north. On the 3rd. we tbund 
 a current run S. by E. at the rate of fix fathoms an 
 hour, and on the 7th, the Ihip was 1 9 miles fouthward 
 of her reckoning. On Monday the 20th, the crews of 
 the three ihips were ferved with oil, all the butter and 
 checfe being confumed ; and orders were iffued, that, 
 during the remainder of the voyage, they fliould be 
 ferved with vinegar and muflard once a fortnight. On 
 the 23nd we judged we were within 60 degrees of land, 
 from the light of a prodigious number of fea-fowls, 
 among which was a nuin of war bird. This day we 
 crofled the Equinoctial Line, in longitude 23 deg. 
 40 min. weft from London. On Friday the 24th. orJers 
 were given for fcrvin^ our flitp's company with brandy, 
 and the wine was relerved for fuch as might be lick. 
 On the 27th, the Prince Frederick fprang n leak, and 
 her crew were at this time fo fickly, through the fati";ue 
 of pumping, and the badncfs of their proviOuns, that 
 Lieutenant brine, her commander, was apptchenlive of 
 not being able to keep company much longer, unlefs 
 fome afliftance could be given him. The Captain 
 therefore fent a carpenter and fix failors on board, but 
 had it nut in his power to fupply her with better pro- 
 vilions. As the carpenter found he could do little to- 
 wards flopping the leak, the Dolphin and Swallow com- 
 plcated their provifions from the florc fliip, and put on 
 board her empty oil-jars, flavcs and iron-hoops. On 
 Saturday the 8th of November, we were in latitude 
 25 deg. 53 min. fouth. and in 39 deg. ^8 min. weft 
 longitude from London ; and on ilie 9th, naving feen» 
 great number of albatrofl'es, we founded with 180 
 tathoms of line, but had no ground. On the 12th, 
 though the fummcr feafon in thefe climates, yet wc 
 
 found 
 
Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 255 
 
 oil the true 
 
 found the weather fo very coid, as to be obliged to have 
 recourfe to our thick jackets. On Wedncfda^ the 1 9th, 
 at eight o'clock, P. M. we faw a meteor of a very ex- 
 traordinary appearance, in the N. E. which flew off in 
 an horizonnl hnc to the S. W. with amazi«g rapidity : 
 it was near a minute in its pr«grefs, and left behind it a 
 train of light fo ftrong, that the deck was not Icfs illu- 
 minated than at noon day. On the 21ft, we were by 
 obfervation in latitude 37 dcg. 40 min. fouth, and in 
 51 dcg. 24 min. well longitude from London. On the 
 aand, we faw whales, fcaU, fnipes, plovers, and ( thcr 
 birds: with a great number of butterflies. Our found- 
 ings "ontinued from 40 to 70 fathoms. 
 
 On .Monday the 8th of December, at fix o'clock, 
 A. M. we dclcricd land, having the appearance of many 
 fmall iflands. At noon in latitude 47 dec. 16 min. 
 fouth, and in 64 deg. 5 8 min. wed longitude, it bore 
 from W. by S. to S. S. W. diftant eight leagues. At 
 eight o'clock, P. M. '.k Tower Rock, at Port Dcfire, 
 bore S. W. by W. d:7tan: about three leagues. At nine 
 Penguin Illand bore S. V7. by W. half W. diftant two 
 leagues, and on the 9ti., the fame ifland, at noon, in 
 latitude 48 deg. 56 min. fouth, and in 65 deg. 6 min. 
 weft longitude, bore S. by K. diftant 19 leagues. We 
 remarked this day, that the fca appeared coloured by 
 the vaft quantity of red (hrimps that furrounded the 
 fiiip. The next day, at noon. Wood's Mount, near 
 the entrance of St. Julian's, bore S. W. by W. diftant 
 three or four leagues, and our foundings were from 40 
 to 45 fathoms. On the 1 1 th, we obferved in latitude 
 50 deg. 48 min. fouth, and in 67 deg. 10 min. weft 
 longitude, when Penguin Ifland bore N. N. E. diftant 
 58 leagues. On Saturday the 13th, in latitude 50 dcg. 
 34 min. fouth,.Iongitude 68 dcg. 15 min. weft, we were 
 not more than two leagues diftant from the extream; 
 of the land. We found Cape Beachy Head, the 
 tiorthermoft cape, to lie in latitude co deg. 16 min. 
 fouth, and Cape Kair weather, the fouthcrmoft cape, in 
 latitude 50 deg. 50 min. fouth. On the 14th, we were 
 by obfervation in latitude 50 deg. 52 min. fouth, and 
 in 68 deg. 10 min. weft longitude from London, at 
 which time wt were fix leagues from the ftiorc, and the 
 extrcams of the land were from N. W. to W. S. W. 
 Penguin Ifland bore north 35 dcg. eaft, diftant 68 
 leagues. On the 1 5th, at eight o'clock, the entrance of 
 the river St. Croix bore S. W. half W. and the extreams 
 of the land S. by E. to N. by E. At eight o'clock, 
 A. M. we were two leagues from the land. I'hat on 
 the north ftiorc is high, and appears in three capes; but 
 on the fouth ftiore it is low and flat. We had 20 
 fathoms quite crofs the opening of the river, the dif- 
 tance from point to point being about feven miles ; and 
 afterwards keeping at the diftance of about four miles 
 from each cape, we had from 32 to 24 fathoms. Cape 
 Fairweather, at feven in the evening, bore S. W. half S. 
 diftant four leagues. We ftODdoffand on all night, 
 and had from 30 to 22 fathoms water. 
 
 On Tuefday the i6th, at noon, we obferved in lati- 
 tude ji deg. 52 min. fouth, and in 68 deg. weft longi- 
 tude. At one o'clock we were about two leagues from 
 the Ihore. At four. Cape Virgin Mary bore S. E. by 
 S. diftant four leagues. At eight in the evening, we 
 were very near the cape, and before nine anchored in a 
 biiy clofc under the fouth-iide of the cape, in 10 fathoms 
 water, bottom gravelly. Soon after the Swallow and 
 Prince Frederick came to an anchor between us and the 
 cape, which bore N. by W. Iplf W. and a low fandy 
 point like Dungenefs S. by W. From the cape was a 
 Ihoal, to the diftance of about half a league, which 
 may be caftly known by the weeds that are upon it. 
 This day we faw fevcral men riding on the fliore, who 
 made figns for us to land. Accordingly the next day, 
 being the 1 7th, Captain Wallis ordered the fignal for 
 the boats belonging to the Swallow and Prince Frede- 
 rick to come on board, and in the mean time we hoiftcd 
 out our own. We had obferved the natives to remain 
 oppofite the Dolphin all night, ftiouting aloud, and 
 keeping up large fires. Our boats being all manned 
 ■nd armed, and having with us a party of marines, 
 about tiK o'clock we feaChcd the beach, the Captain 
 • 3 
 
 having left orders with the mafter to bring the Ihip's 
 fide to bear upon the landing place, and to keep the 
 guns loaded with round ftiot. Captain Wallis with 
 Mr. Cumming and ftvetal officers now landed; the 
 marines were then drawn up, and the boats were 
 brought te a grapling near the fliore. The Capuiii 
 having made figns for the Indians to fit down, he dif- 
 tribuied among them combs, buttons, knives, fciflars, 
 beads, and other toys. The women were particularly 
 pleafed by a prefent of fome ribbons. He then in- 
 timated that he fliouid be glad to accept fome giiani.* 
 coes and oftricheit, in excnange for bili-hooks and 
 hatchets, which were produced, but they were either 
 really or defignedly ignorant of his meaning. Captain 
 Wallis meafured feveral of thofe Indiana; among whom 
 the talleft was fix feet feven inches ; others *ere one and 
 two inches fiiorter ; but the general height was from 
 five feet ten to fix feet. They are mufcular and well 
 inade, but their hands and feet very firiall irt propor- 
 tion to the reft of their bodies. They are clothed 
 with the fltins of the guanico, fewed together into pieces 
 about fix feet long, and five wide : thcfe arc wrapped 
 round the body, and faftened by a girdle, with the 
 hairy-fide inwards. The guanico is an animal, that 
 in lize, make, and colour, refembles a deer ; but it has 
 a hump on its back, and no horns. Some of thefe 
 people wore a fquarc piece of cloth, made of the hair of 
 the guanico, and a hole being cut to admit the head 
 through, it reached down to the knees. They have alfo 
 ,i kind of bulkin from the middle of the leg to the inftep^ 
 which is conveyed under the heel, but the reft of the 
 feet is bare. Their ftrait and coarfe hair is tied back 
 with a cotton firing ; and their complexion is a dark 
 copper. Both the horfes and dogs which we faw, were 
 of a Spanifti breed. The horfes appeared to be about 
 14 hands high. Both fexes rode aftride ; but the men 
 w ere furniftied with wooden fpurs. Some of thefe had 
 their arms painted ; the faces of fome weiy virioufly 
 marked ; and others had the left eye enclofed by .1 
 painted circle of a red colour. The cyeMi of all the 
 young women were painted black. They had each a 
 miilile weapon of a Angular kind tucked into the gir- 
 dle. It confilied of two round ftones covered with 
 leather, each weighing about a pound, and faftened to 
 the two ends of a firing about eight feet long. This 
 is ulcd as a lling, one ftonc being kept in the hand, and 
 the other whirled round the head, till it is fuppofed to 
 have acquired futlicient power, and then it is difcharged 
 at the objed, or any mark they wifti tp hit. They 
 like wife catch guanicoes and oftriches by beans of this 
 cord, which is thrown fo, that the weight twifts round, 
 and hampers the legs of the intended prey. They are 
 fo expert at the management of this double-headed 
 ftiot, as our Capuin called it, that they will hit a mark, 
 not bigger than a fliilling, with bcih the ftones, at the 
 diftance of 1 5 yards. 1 he language of thcfe people is 
 quite unintelligible. They were indeed often heaixl to 
 repeat the word Ca^pi-ta-ne, on which they wera fuc- 
 celfively addrefled in Portugucfc, Spanifti, Dutch, and 
 French; but they had no knowledge of either of thofe 
 languages. When they fliook hands with any of the 
 crew, they always faid chevow ; and they were amaz- 
 ingly ready at learning Englifli words, and pronouncing 
 the fcntence " Englilhmen come on ftiofe," with great 
 facility. During our ftay on Ihorc we faw them eat 
 fome of their flelh meat raw, particula'iy the paunch of 
 an oftrich, without any other preptrition or cleaning 
 than juft turning it infidc out, ana fliaking it. Wc 
 obferved among them feveral beads, fuch as we gave 
 them, and t\»o pieces of red baize, which we fuppofed 
 had been left there, or in the neighbouring country, 
 by Commodore Byron. One man among them had a 
 large pair of fuch fpurs as are worn in Spain, brafs 
 ftirrups, and a Spanifti fcimeter, without a fcabbard t 
 but notwithflanding thefe diftindlions, he did not ap. 
 pear to have any authority over the reft. The women 
 had no fpurs. As above 100 of the natives feemed de- 
 firous to vifit the ftiip, Capuin Wallis took eight of 
 them int» the bdats. Thefe jumped in with the joy 
 and alacrity of children going to a fair, and havii^ n« 
 
 intention 
 
2c6 VOYAGES R O U N t) the W O R L D Complete. 
 
 " ' !^ 
 
 
 
 I '^ 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 intention of mifchicf againd us, had not the Icaft fufpi- 
 cion that we intended any mifchicf againfl them. In 
 thebotlt theyfung fcvcrai of their country fongi.expref- 
 live of their ioy ; but when they came into the <hip, 
 th^ expreflca no kind of furiirize, which the multipu- 
 city of objeds, to them equally (Irange and novel, that 
 at once prefented thcmfelves, might be fuppofcd to 
 excite, when introduced into the cabbin, they looked 
 about with a ftupid indifference, till a looking-glafs, 
 which drew their attention, afforded them and us much 
 divcrfion : they advanced, retreated, and played a thoufand 
 antic tricksbcforeit, talking with eameilncft,and laugh- 
 ing immoderately. For their entertainment, wefumifhed 
 a table with beef, pork, bifcuit, and other articles of the 
 fhip's provifions: tney eat whatever was fct before them, 
 but would drink nothing but water. When they were 
 conduced to fee tho (hip, thev looked, with much atten- 
 tion, at the animals we had on board ai live (lock : 
 they examined the hogs and (heep, and were delighted 
 exceedingly with the Guinea hens and turkeys. One 
 of them making (tgns that he (hould be glad of fome 
 cloaths, the Captain gave him a pair of (hoes and 
 buckles, and prefented the red with a little bag each, 
 in which he put new fix-penccs and half-pence, with a 
 ribband pafFed through a hole in them, to hang round 
 their necks : the remaining contents of the bag were, 
 a looking-glafs, a comb, fome beads, a knife, a pair of 
 fcilfars, twine, and a few (lips of cloth. We offered 
 them fome leaves of tobacco, rolled up into what are 
 called fegars, and they fmuakcd a few nwrnents, but 
 did not feem to like it. The marines being exercifed 
 before them, they feemed terrified at the firing of the 
 mufqucts ; and one of them, falling down, (hut his 
 eyes, and lay motionlefs, as if to intimate, that he knew 
 the de{lru(flivc nature of thofe fire-arms, and their fatal 
 effeds. The reft feeing our people merry, and finding 
 thcmfelves unhurt, foon refumed their chccrfulncfs, and 
 heard the fecond and third volley fired without much 
 emotion ; but the old man continued proilrate upon 
 the deck fome time, and never recovered his fpirits 
 till the firing was over. It was with much difficulty we 
 cot rid of thefe inoffenfive vifiters. At noon, the tide 
 Being out. Captain Wallis gave them to underdand by 
 figns, that ihc (hip was proceeding fanher, and that 
 they miill return on (hore : this we foon perceived they 
 were unwilling to do ; however, all ei^ept the old man, 
 and one more, were got into the boat ; but thefe (lop- 
 ped at the gangM-ay, where the old man turned about, 
 and went aft to the companion ladder : here he fiood 
 fome time without fpeaking a word : he now uttered 
 what we fup}>ofcd to be a prayer ; for he nuny times 
 lifted up his hands and eyes to the heavens, and fpoke 
 in a manner and tone very different from what we had 
 obfervcd in the converfation of his countrymen. His 
 oraifon feemed to be rather fung than faid, and we 
 found it impoHiblc to diiHnguith one word from ano- 
 ther. When the Capuin intimated that it was time 
 for him to go into the Ixxit, he looked up at the fun, 
 then moved his hand round to the weltem horizon, 
 paufed, laughed, and pointed to the (hore, by which 
 atflions, we eafily underAood, that he petitioned to (lay 
 on board till evening : and wc took no linle pains to 
 convince him, that wc could not continue fo long upon 
 that part of the coad. At length, however, we prevailed 
 upon him to go over the (hip's (ide with his companion, 
 and as foon as the boat put off, they all began to fing, 
 not ceafing till they reached the (hore, where many of 
 their companions prefled eagerly to lie taken into the 
 boat, and were highly a.fronted at Ixing refufed. Be- 
 fore our departure we founded the ihoal, that runs out 
 from the ix>int, and found it about three miles broad 
 from N. to S. and to avoid the fame it is necelTary to 
 keep four miles off the Cape, in i^ fathoms water. The 
 fignal was now node for weighing, and at the fame 
 tiitie the Swullow received orders to lead/and the Prince 
 Frederick to bring up the rear. The wind bcin^ 
 againll ui, and blowing frelh, we turned into the Strait 
 of Magellan, with the flood tide, between Cape Virgin 
 Mary and the Sandy Point that refemblei Dungenefs. 
 At tlK diftance of two leagues, weft of Dungends, wc 
 
 fell in with a (hoal, upon which, at half fkxxJ, we had 
 but feven fathoms water. Between eight and nine 
 o'clock in the evening, we came to an anchor, one 
 league from the (hore, in 30 fiithom,' with a muddy 
 bottom: Cape Virgin Mary bearing N. E, by E- Half 
 E. Point Boffetrmn W. half S. didant five leagues. 
 When abread of the Sandy Point, we faw many people 
 on horfeback hunting the guanicoes, which ran up the 
 country with prodigious fwiftnefs. The natives lighted 
 fires oppolite the (hips, and about 400 of them, with 
 their horfes feeding near them, were obfervcd encamped 
 in a fine green valley. The guanicoes were purfued by 
 the hunters, with (lings in their hands ready for the 
 cad i but not one of them was taken while they ui-re 
 within the reach of our fight. This being the fpoi 
 where Commodore Byron faw the Patagonians, on 
 the 1 8th, a party with fome officers were lent towards 
 the (hore, but with orders not to land, as the (hips were 
 too far off to adid them in cafe of neccHity. When 
 they came near the land, many of the natives flocked 
 to fee them, among whom m ere women and children,! 
 and fome of the very men we had feen in the morning 
 of the preceding day. Thefe waded towards the boat, 
 frequently calling out, " Englidimen come on (hore," 
 and were with dimculty redrained from getting into the 
 boat, when they found our people would not land. 
 Some bread, tobacco, and toys were didributed among 
 them, but not an article of provifions could be ob- 
 tained in return. We had got under fail about fix 
 o'clock, A. M. and at noon there being little Wind, and 
 the ebb running with grrat force, the .Swallow, who was 
 a-head, made the fignal and came to an anchor j upon 
 which we did the fame, and fo did the dore-fliip which 
 was a-dern. 
 
 On Friday the 19th, at fix o'clock, A. M. we 
 weighed, the Swallow being a-hcad, and at noon wc 
 anchored in PofTeffion Bay, having 12 fathoms water, 
 bottom a clean fand. Point Poircflion bore ead didant 
 three leag^ps : the Aflcs Ears wed ; and the entrance 
 of the NarrowsS. W. half W. Upon the point we faw 
 a great number of Indians, and at night, large fires on 
 the (hore of Terra del Fuego. From this day to the 
 22nd, we made but little way, having flrong gales and 
 heavy fcas. We now anchored in 1 8 fathoms, muddy 
 bottom. The AlTes Ears bore N. W. by W. half W. 
 Point PofFefnon N. !•". by E. and the point of the Nar- 
 rows, on the fouth-Lide, S. S. W. didant nearly four 
 leagues. In this (ituation, we found, by obfervation, 
 our latitude to be 52 deg. 30 min. fouth, and our longi- 
 tude 70 deg. 30 min weft. On the 23rd, wc got under 
 way and made fail, but the tide was to drong, that the 
 Swallow was fct one way, the Dolphin another, and the 
 Pnnce Frederick a thiid. Wc had a fredi breeze, 
 ncverthelefs not one of the vcfTels would anfwer her 
 helm. However wc entered the fird narrow ; and at 
 fix o'clock in the evening, we anchored on the fouth- 
 (hore, the Swallow on the north, and the dore-(hip not 
 a cable's length from a fand-bank, about two miles to 
 the eadward. The drait here is only a league wide, 
 and, at midnight, the tide being flack, we weighed and 
 towed the diip through. On Wednefday the 24th, we 
 dcered from the fird narrow to the fecond, S. W. and, 
 at eight, A. M^ we anchored two leagues from the (hore. 
 Cape Gregory bearing W. half N, and Swcepdakcs 
 Foreland S. W. half W, On Thurfday the 2sth, we 
 failed through the fecond narrow. In our run through 
 this part ofthe drait we had 1 2 fiithoms within half a 
 mile of the (hore. At five o'clock in the evening, the 
 Dolphin fuddcniy (hoalcd from 1 7 to 5 fathoms, St. 
 Bartholomew's Iffand then bearing S. half W. dillant 
 four miles, and Elizabeth's Ifland, S. S. W. half W. 
 didant fix miiei. The weather being tempedpous and 
 rainy, at eight o'clock in the evening, wc cad anchor 
 under Elizabeth's Iflahd ; whereon wc found great 
 quantities of wild celery, which being boiled with 
 portable foup and wheat, the crews breakfaded on it 
 every morning for feveral days. On this ifland we ob- 
 fervcd feveralhuts, and places where fires had been re- 
 ccntly made, but none of the natives. We alfo faw 
 two dogs, «nd trefli fliclh of mufcles and limpets (cat- 
 
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 Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Soutmihn Ocean, &:c. 257 
 
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 tered about. The wigwams confifted of younj; trees, 
 which, being (harpencd at one end. and thrtiA into the 
 ground, in fuch a manner as to form a circle, the other 
 ends were brought to meet, and fadened together at 
 the top. We (hw likewife man^ high mountains, which, 
 though the midd of fummer m this part of the world, 
 had their fummitt covered with fnow ; but about three 
 parts of their height they were covered with wood, and 
 above with herbage, excq>t where the fnoMr was not yet 
 melted. On Friday the 26th, at two o'clock, A. M. 
 we weighed ; and at five, being midway between Eli- 
 zabeth's Ifland, and St. George's, we (truck the ground, 
 but the next cad had no bottom with so fathoms. The 
 Prince Frederick, who was about half a league to the 
 ibuthward of us, had for a conliderable time not feven 
 fathoms : the Swallow which was two or three miles to 
 the fouthward had deep water, for (he kept near St. 
 George's Ifland. We thmk it is fafeft to run down from 
 the north-end of Elizabeth's Ifland, about two or three 
 miles from the fliore, and fb on all the way to Port 
 Famine. At noon, being three miles from the north- 
 fliore, we found bv obfervationour latitude to be 53 deg. 
 II min. fouth, longitude 71 deg. 20 min. wefl, from 
 London. About four o'clock, we anchored in Port 
 Famine Bay, and with all the boats out, towed in r'.ic 
 Swallow and Store-fliip. On the 27th, the fick were 
 lent on fliore. where a tent was ereded for their recep- 
 tion, as was another for the accommodation of the 
 fail-makers, and thofc who landed to get wood. This 
 day, the weather being fqually, we warped the fliip far- 
 ther into the harbour, and moored her with a cable each 
 way in nine fathoms. Cape St. Anne now bore N. E. 
 by E. diflant one mile, and Sedger River S. half W, 
 On Sunday the a 8th, all the fails were unbent and fent 
 on fliore to be repairrd j the empty calks were alfo 
 landed, with the coopers to trim them, and ten men 
 towafli and fill them. We alfo hauled the feine, and 
 caught plenty of fifli rcfembling mullets, but the flefli 
 vras very foft ; and among others were fmclts, fome of 
 which weighed a pound and a half, and were 20 inches 
 long. Indeed all the time of our flay at this ph.ce. we 
 caught fifli cnouch to furnifli one meal a day both for 
 the lick and the healthy : we gathered alfo great plenty 
 of celery, and pea-tops, which were boiled with the 
 pcafe and portable foup : befldes thefe we found fruit 
 that refembles cranberries, and the leaves of a flirub 
 (bmewhat like our thorn, which were remarkably four. 
 When we arrived here, many of our people had the 
 fcurvy to a great degree ; but by the plentiful ufe of 
 vegetables, and bathmg in the lea, within a fortnight 
 there was not a fcorbutic perfon in either of the fliips. 
 Their recovery alfo was greatly promoted by the land 
 air, and by beingobltged towafli their apparel, and keep 
 their pcrfons clean. All hands were now employed in 
 repairing the fliip and making her ready for the fea. 
 To this end the Jorge was fet up on fliore ; and in the 
 meantime a confldcrable quantity of wood was cut, and 
 put on board the ftore-fliip ; and thoufands of young 
 trees were carefully token up with the mould about 
 them, to be carried to Falkland's Iflands, which pro- 
 duce no timber. The Prince Frederick received orders 
 to deliver thefe to the commanding officer at Port 
 Egmont. and to (ail to that place with the (irft fair 
 wind.' 
 
 A. D.^ 1 767 ^" Wedncfday the 1 4th of January, the 
 '" nufler of the cutter, which was vidualed 
 for a week, was fent to look out for anchoring places 
 on the iiorth-fliore of the ftrait 5 and this day we got 
 all ourpeoplc and tents on board, having token in 75 
 tons of water, and 12 months of ptovifions for ourfclves, 
 and- ten months for the Swallow, from on board the 
 ftore-Oiip. On the 17th, the maftcr of our cutter re- 
 turned with an account, that lie had found anchoring 
 £*"?•»,*«* this day the Prince Frederick failed for 
 Falkland's Iflaads. The mailer reported, that between 
 *^ *« '•y ■«* C»pe Forward, he had been on fliore 
 «t bur placet, where was good anchorage, and plenty 
 of wood and water ckife to the beach, with abundance 
 •fcnnbemea and wUd celery : that he had alfo feen a 
 fiw numb* af cummt bufhcs fall of fruit, and a 
 
 variety of beautiful flirubs in full bloIToni, bclidt., Prcat 
 plenty of winter's bark, a grateful fpice, which we have 
 already particularly dcfcribed. On Sunday the i8th, 
 at five o'clock, A. M, we failed i and at noon, obforved 
 in latitude 54 deg. 3 min. fouth; here we found the 
 ftrait to be two leagues wide. On the 19th, we came 
 to an anchor, half a mile from the fliore, near Cape 
 Holland, oppofite a current of frelh water, that fails 
 rapidly from the mountains. Cai^e Holland bore 
 W. S. W. half W. diflant two miles ; Cape Forward 
 eafl ; and bv obfervation our latitude was 53 deg. 
 3 8 min. fouth. As a more convenient anchoring place, 
 and better adapted for procuring wood and water, had 
 been difcovered, we made fail on the 22nd, and at 
 nine in the evening, being about two miles diflant from 
 the fliore, Cape Gallant bore W. half N. diflant two 
 leagues ; Cape Holland E. by N. fix leagues ; and Ru- 
 pert's Ifland W. S. W. At this place the flrait is not 
 more than five miles over. 
 
 On Fridaj^ the 23rd, we came to an anchor in a bay 
 near Cape Gallant, in 10 fathoms water, a muddy bot- 
 tom. The boats being fent out to found found good 
 anchorage every where, except within two cables length 
 S. W. of the (hip, where it was coral, and deepcneifto 
 16 fathoms. In this fituation the caft point of Cape 
 Gallant bore S. W. by W. one fourth W. the extreme 
 point of the caflcrmoflland E. byS. a point making 
 the mouth of a river N. by W. and the white patch on 
 ChaHes's Ifland S. W. We now examined the bay and 
 a large lagoon. The la(t was the moft commodious 
 harbour we had yet feen, having five fathom at the 
 entrance, and four to five in the middle. It is capable 
 of receiving a great number of vcfltls, had three large 
 frefli water rivers, and plenty of wood and celery. We 
 had here a feine fpoiled, by being entangled with the 
 wood that lies funk at the mouth of the rivers; but 
 though we oaught not much fifti, we had wild ducks 
 in fuch numbers as to afford us a very fcafonable re- 
 lief. Near this place are very high mountains, one of 
 which was climbed by the matter of our cutter, with 
 the hope of gctdnga viewof the South Sea ; but, being 
 difappointed in his expeifUtion, he ereded a pyramid, 
 and having written the (hip's name, and the date of the 
 year, he left the fame, with a fliilling, within the ftmc- 
 ture. On the 24th, in the morning, we examined 
 Cordes Bay, which we found much inferior to that in 
 which the ftiips lay, the entrance being rocky, and 
 the ground within it foul. It had, it is true, a more 
 fpacious lagoon, but the mouth of it was very 
 narrow, and barred by a flioal, whereon was not M- 
 ficient depth of water for t fliip of burden to float. 
 Here we faw an animal that refembled an afs ; as fwift 
 as a deer, and had a cloven hoof. This was the fiift 
 animal we had feen in this ftrait, except at the entrance, 
 where we found the guanicoes, and two dogs. The 
 circumjacent country has a dreary and forbidding 
 afpeft. The mountoins on both fides are of a ftupcnd- 
 ous height; whofe lower parts are covered with trees 
 above which a fpace is occupied by weathered ftinibsl 
 higher up are fragments of broken rocks and heaps of 
 fnow ; and the tops are tottlly rude, naked, and defolate. 
 To fee their fummits towering above the clouds in valt 
 crags, that are piled upon each other, affords to a fpcc- 
 tator the idea, that they are the ruins of nature, devoted 
 to everiafting ftcrility and dcfolation. This day we 
 founded about the Royal Iflands, but found no bottom • 
 wherever we came to an opening, we found a lapid tide 
 fet through ; and they cannot be approached by fliip- 
 pmg witTiout the moft imminent danger. And here, 
 tor the information of future navigators, we would ok! 
 ferve. that in a run through this part of the ftrait. they 
 ftiould keep the north-flwre clofc on board all the way 
 and not venture more than a mile from it till the Royal 
 Iflands are pafTed. Through the whole day the cur- 
 rent lets eafterly, and the indraught fliould by all means 
 be avoided. 
 
 On Tuefday the 27th, we weighed with all expedi- 
 tion, and departed from Cape Gallant Road, which 
 lies in C3 deg. 50 min. fouth latitude. At noon on the 
 aSth, the weft-point bore W. N. W. half a mile dif- 
 3T tarn. 
 
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858 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CompleYe. 
 
 Unt. At two o'clock, the weft point bore cad, dilUnt 
 three leagues, and York Point W. N. W. didaitt Hve 
 Icagiicii. Ac five, we opened York Road, the point 
 bearing N. W. dillant halt'a milci at which lime the 
 Dolphin wai taken a>back, and a (Ireng current with a 
 heavy fquall drove usfofiir to leeward, that it was with 
 great dilUculty wc gut into Elizabeth's Bay, and an- 
 chored in 1 2 fathoms m atcr, near a river. The Swallow 
 being at anchor oft' the point of the bay, and very near 
 the rocks. Captain W'allis ordered out all the boau with 
 anchors and haulers to her ainilancc, and the was hap- 
 pily warped to windward in'o good anchorage. At 
 this time York Point bore W. by N. A Ihoal with 
 weeds upon it, at thcdiflanceof a cable's length, W.N. 
 W. Point Pallagc S. 1£. half E. dillant half a mile ; 
 a rock near Rupert's lilc S. half E. and a rivulet on the 
 bay N. E. by E. dillant about three cables length. 
 Having thisd.iyat fun-fct feenagreat fmoke on the 
 fouthcrn lliorc, and on Prince Rupert's Illand, early in 
 the morning of the igih, the boats were fcnt on Ihort 
 for water. Our people had no foonei landed, than 
 feveral of the natives came otf to them in three canoes ; 
 and having advanced towards the failors, made ligns of 
 friendlliip, w hich being anfwcred to their fatistiidion, 
 they hallooed, and our men Ihouted in return. When 
 the Indians drew near th y were eating the flefli of 
 fcals raw, and w ere covered with the Ikins, which lUmk 
 intolerably. I'hcy had bows, arrows, and javelins, the 
 two laltot v.fcicli were pointed with flint. Thili: peo- 
 ple were of a midJling Itattire, thetalleft of thcin not 
 exceeding live feet Six inches, i'licir complexion «a< 
 of a '.Icep copper colour. Three of them beinn ad- 
 mitted on board the Dolphin, they devoured whatever 
 food was olfcred them ; but like the Patagonians would 
 only drink water; like ihcjr too, they were highly di- 
 verted with a lookiiig (-ilufs, v\ «hich they at (irll Itared 
 with artonilhmenc; but 'nviug become a little more 
 familiar with it, liicy l",!r' J ai u., i_.rect; and lindinga 
 correfponding fmilc i.. \< !i._ ii,ijj;c in the glafs, they 
 burft into immodcraLt !: ^ olLmghter. The Captain 
 going on Ihore with them, prLleiucd fome trinkets to 
 their wives ami children, and received in return fome 
 of their weapons, and pieces of mundic, of the kind 
 found in the tin mines ot Cornwall. The fails of the 
 canoes bclon^'iiigto thefe Indians were made of the feal 
 fkin. To kindle a lire they ftrikc a pebble agiiinll a 
 piece of mundic, holding under it, to catch the fparks, 
 fome mofs or down, mixed with a whitifh earth, which 
 takes fire like tinder: they then take fome dry grafs, 
 and putting the lighted nu)fs into it, wave it to and fro, 
 and in a minute it blazes. When they left us, they 
 (leered for the fouthern fliore, where we faw many of 
 their huts ; and we remarked, that not one of them 
 luokcd bi-hind, either at us or the (hip, fo little im- 
 prell'ion had the curiofities they had feen made upon 
 their minds. As this feems to be the moft dreary and 
 inhofpitable country in the world, not excepting the 
 word parts of Sweden and Norway, fo the natives feem 
 to be the lowed and mod deplorable of all human be- 
 ings. Their perfect indifference to every thing they 
 faw, which marked the difparity between our (late and 
 their own, though it may prcfervc them from the regret 
 and anguilh of unfatisfied defires, feems, notwithdand- 
 ing, to imply a detcdl in their nature; for thofc who 
 are fatisfitd with the gratifications of a brute, can have 
 little preteniion to the prerogatives of men. Thefe 
 Indians when they gave to the gentlemen of our (hip 
 feveral pieces of mundic, intimated, that this fubllance 
 was found in the mountains, and Capuin Wallis is of 
 opinion, that not only mines of tin, but more valuable 
 metals arc fu'ufiiling there. 
 
 On Tuefday tne jrd of February, wc weighed, and, 
 in a fudden fquall, were taken a-back, fo that both (hips 
 were in the moll imminent danger of bcine driven 
 afhore on a reef of rocks ; the wind, however, fuddcniy 
 (hifting, we got oflP without much damage. At (ive 
 o'clock, P. M. we anchored in York Road, Cape Quod 
 now bore W. half S. dillant fix leagues ; York Point 
 E. S. E. didant one milc; Bachelor's River N. N. W. 
 three fourths of a milc ; the entrance of Jerom't Sound 
 3 
 
 N. W. by W. and a fmall illand, on the fouth iliorc, 
 W. by S. In the evening we faw live Indian canoct 
 come out of BaLhelur'., River, and go up Jetom's Sound. . 
 Having fcnt out the boats, in the morning of the 4th, 
 wc were inforn\cd on their return, that there was |;<xk1 
 anchorage within Jcrom's Sound, and all theway thither 
 fron* the (hip's (lation; as likewife at feveral places 
 under the idands on the fouth-(hore t but the force and 
 uncertainty of the tides, and the heavy gudi of wind 
 that came off the high lands, rendered thefe lituations 
 unfafe. This day CaptainWallis went up Bachelor's River, 
 and found a bar at the mouth of it, m hich, at certain times 
 of the tide mull be dangerous. We hauled the feine, 
 but the weeds and dumps of trees prevented ourcaKh- 
 ing any fill). When aihore, we faw many wigwams, 
 and feveral dogs, which animals ran away the moment 
 they were noticed. We gathered mufcles, lim|Kts, 
 (ea-eggs, celery, and nettles in abiin lance. We alfo 
 faw Ionic odriches, but they were beyond the reach of 
 our pit cc*. Three miles up the river, on the well-fide, 
 between two mountains of a thipendoiis height, one of 
 winch has racivcd the name of Mount Milery, is a 
 cataratit, which lias a very ilriking appearance. It is 
 precipitated down an elevation of above ^00 yanls ; half 
 way over a very (Icep declivity, and the other half is a 
 perpendicular iall ; the founil of which is not Ids awful 
 than tlie light. On Saturday the 14th, at ten o'clock, 
 .\. iVI. wc weighed, foon alter the current let the (hip 
 towards Bachelor's River; we put her in Hays, and while 
 die was coming about, which the was fome time in 
 lioing, HC drove over a dioal, where we had little more 
 thill 1 feet water, with rocky ground. Our danger 
 was great, for the Dolphin drew 16 leet nine inches att, 
 and 1 5 feet one inch forward ; but when the (hip 
 gathered way, we fortunately deepened into three 
 lathoms ; and in a very (hort time, we got into deep 
 water. We continued plying to windward till four 
 o'clock, P. M. when perceiving w'e had loll ground, we 
 returned to our lad dation, and again came to an anchor 
 in York Road. 
 
 On Tuefday the 1 7th, at five o'clock, A. M. wc fct 
 fail, but notwithdanding we had a fine breeze at wed, 
 the Ihip was carried by a current with great violence, 
 towards the fouth dwre: the boats were all towing 
 a-hcad, the fails unlillcd, yet we drove lb clofe to the 
 r<) .ks that we were feldom farther than a (hip's length 
 IVom them, and the oars of the Ixiats w ere frequently 
 entangled in the weeds. In this manner wc were hur- 
 ried along for near an hour, in momentary expectation 
 of being dadied to pieces. All our etlorts being in- 
 effectual, we religned ourfelves to our fate, and waited 
 the event in a date oflufpence very little ffiort of def- 
 pair, but Providence intcrpoled for our prefcrvation ; 
 for at length wc opened St. David's .Sound, when, con.- 
 trary to our expedations, a current rulhed out of it, and 
 fet us into mid-channel. The Swallow knew nothing 
 of our unhappy (ituation, being all the time on the 
 north Ihore. We now fent our boats in fearch of an 
 anchoring place, and our people returned with the 
 agreeable intelligence, that they had found a convenient 
 one in a fitiall Bay, to which the Captain gave the name 
 of Butler's Bay, it having been difcovered by Mr. 
 Buder, one of our mates. We ran in with the tide 
 which fet fall to the wclhvaid, and anchored in 16 
 fathoms water ; but the Swallow cad anchor in Kland 
 Bay, at about (ix miles dillance. Butler's Bay lies to 
 the wed oi Rider's, on the fouth-lhore of the Urait, 
 which is here about two miles w ide. The extreams of 
 the bay from W, by N. to N. half W. are about one 
 fourth of a mile afunder. A fmall rivulet bore S. half 
 W. and Cape Quod north, at the didancc of four 
 miles. Wc kept this (latiotr till Friday the 20th, 
 when wc encountered a mod violent dorm, attended 
 with hail and rain, which increafed till the evening, 
 thff fea breaking over the (bre-eadle upon the quarter- 
 deck. Wcmadc ufe of every expedient in>our power 
 to keep the Ihip deady, and as the cables did not 
 part, we were again wonderfully prefervcd, which, con- 
 lidering the narnownefs of the (Irait, and the fmallneft 
 of the bay in which wc were ftationcdi might in th«i 
 
 judgment 
 
Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcovrrics in the Southern Ocean, &r. 259 
 
 judgment of human wililoin be thought iiupolliljlc- : 
 for nad the cablci parted, wc could not have run out 
 with a fail, and not naving room to bring the Ihip up 
 with any other anchor, wc mul^ without divine aid nuvc 
 been daflicd topiecei in a few minute. ; ami under fuch 
 circumnanccs it ii highly probable, that every foul 
 would immediately have pcrilhed. liy eight o'clock 
 in the evening the gale occanu- more ilHKlerate, and 
 gradually dccrcafed durin).r the night. On the 2 lit, 
 wc had the fuiiiiaiiUon to /ind that our cable was found, 
 but our haufcrs were much rubbed by the rocks. Aa 
 to the Swallow, the (lorm had little aU'eCtcd her j but 
 two (lays before fhc had v( r; near been loll by the ra- 
 pidity of the tide, in pudiii.'; through the illands. An 
 altccatioii had been made in her rudder, neverthclefs 
 flic Ikered and worked fo ill, that it was apprehended 
 (he could not faiely be brought to an anchor again. 
 Her commander was of opinion, that Ihe could be of 
 very liltle fervice to the expedition, and theicfore re- 
 quellcd of Captain VVallis to direct what he thought 
 bed for the f ;rvice. The captain returned for anfwer, 
 •' That as the Lords of ihir Admiralty had appointed 
 her to accompany the LXilphin, flic mull continue to do 
 it as long as it was polTible j that as' her condition ren- 
 dered her a bad I'ailer, he would wait her time, and at- 
 tend her motions; and that if any difalUr ftiould happen 
 to cither of us, the other fliould be ready to alford luch 
 allilbnce as might be in her power." In this bay wc 
 remained eight days, taking in wood and water, and 
 repairing the little damage we had fullained in the late 
 florm. We caught lilh of various kinds, among which 
 were miifcles near fix inches long ; alfo a fine hrin red 
 filh, not unlike a gurnet, molt of which were from 
 four to live pounds weight. I'he mountains in this 
 neighbourhood have a niofl rugged and defulate ap- 
 pearance t but their height could not be afcertaimd, 
 their heads being loll in the clouds ; and fome of them, 
 on the fouthern (liore, were fo naked, as not to have 
 upon them a iingle blade ofgrafs. Our mafler having 
 been fent out in fearch of anchor.ige, landed upon a 
 large illand on the north-lideofSnow Sound, and being 
 almofl perillu'd with cold, the tirll thing he did was to 
 make a large lire w ith fome trees which he found upon 
 the fpot. 1 le then climbed one of the rocky mountains, 
 with Mr. Fickerlgill a midfliipman, and one of the 
 feamcn, in order to take a view of the flrait, and the 
 difmal regions that furround it. He obferved the 
 entrance of the found to be full as broad its feveral parts 
 of the ftrait, and to grow but very little narrower on 
 Terra del Fuego (ide. The country on the fouth, he 
 faid, was more dreary and horrid than any he had yet 
 feen : the mountains hid their heads in the clouds; 
 while the valleys were equally barren, being intirely 
 covered with fnow, except where it had been waihcd 
 away, or converteil into ice 1 and even thefe bald patches 
 were as dellitute of verdure as the rocks between w hich 
 they lay. 
 
 Sunday the 1 ft of March, at four o'clock, A. M. our 
 companion, the Swallow, was feen under fail, on the 
 north fliorc of Cape Quod. At fcvcn we fet fail, and 
 ftood out of Butler's Bay ; and at noon fent the boats 
 to feek for anchor.ige on the north Ihorc. Cape 
 Notch now bore W. by N. half N. diftant four leagues, 
 and Cape Quod E. half N. diftant three leagues. 
 At three o'clock, P. M. we anchored in a finall bay, 
 which wc named Lion's Cove, on account of a fteep 
 rocky mountain, the top whereof rcfembles the head of 
 a lion. On the 2nd, wc made fail again, and at five in 
 the evening came to anchor in Good Luck Bay, in 28 
 fathoms water. A rocky ifland, at the wcftern extre- 
 mitf of the bay, bore N. W. by W. about a cable's 
 length and a half from the Dolphin ; and a low point 
 which forms the eallcrn extremity of the bay, bore 
 E. S. E. diftant one mile. In the interval between 
 this point and the fliip are many ftioals ; and two rocks 
 at the bottom of the bay, the largeft of which bore 
 N. E. by N. the fmalleft N. by E. From thefe rocks, 
 ihoals run out to the S. E. which may be known by the 
 weeds that arc upon them. Cape Notch bore from us 
 W. by S. half W. diftant one league. In the interme- 
 
 diate fpacc i:i a large lagoon, init, the wind biou ing hud 
 all the time ofour laying here, we could not louiv.l it. 
 I laving moored, we fent two boats to aftill the Swallow, 
 by which (lie was towed intoafiiiall bay, where, as the 
 wind was fouthcrly, and blew frefli, (lie wan in great 
 danger, for the cove was expofed to S. E. winds, 
 and was alfo full of rocks. On the four following days 
 we encountered fuch terrible weather, that wc had no 
 other profpedl before us than that of iinniediatc def- 
 trudlion; and our feamcn were fo prcpofllired with the 
 notion, that the Swallow could not ndc out the ftorm, 
 that they even imagined they liiw fome of her hands 
 coming over the rocks towards them. The ftorm at 
 length fubfidcd, and the gale became more moderate on 
 .Saturdav the 7th ; we therefore at four o'clock, A. M. 
 fent a boat to cmjuire after the Swallow, who in the 
 afternoon returned with the welcome news that the fliip 
 was fafe ; but the fatigue of the people had been in- 
 credible, the whole crew having been upon the deck 
 near three days and three nights. The gufts returned 
 at i.idnight, t'houj'h not with equal violence, but at- 
 tended with hail, iTeet, and fnow. On the 8ih, Captain 
 Wallis ordered up, the vcaiher being extremely cold, 
 aiii'i the crews never dry, 11 bales of the thick woollen 
 Ihilf, called fear-nought, and employed all the taylors 
 to make them into jackets, of whiih every man in the 
 Dolphin had one. Seven bales of the fame cloth were 
 alfo fent on board the Swallow, which made every man 
 on board a jacket of the fame kind. Three bales of 
 liner cloth were cut uj) for the ollicers of both fliips, 
 which were very acceptable. On Sund.iy the ijth, 
 feeing the Swallow under fail, we fent (11 our launch, 
 whereby llic was towed into a vciy good harbour on tl c 
 fouth lliore, oppolitc to where we lay. The favourable 
 •iccount we received of this harbour daermincd us to 
 dep.-irt from Cood Luck l].iy, and wc thought oiirfclves 
 happy when we got fale out of it. Whci abreaft of the 
 place where the Swallow lay at anchor, we fired feveral 
 guns, as lignals for her boats loalfill m, and in a llioit 
 time the maftcrcameon board, and piloted us to a very 
 commodious nation, where we call anchor in 28 fathoms, 
 bottom muddy. This bay, which we called Swallow 
 I larbour, is Iheltered from all winds, and excellent in 
 every refped. There arc two narrow channels into it, 
 but neither of them dangerous. 
 
 On Monday the 16th, at nine o'clock, A. M. we 
 weighed, and took the Swallow in tow. At fne, P. M. 
 being little wind, we' call her oH". At nine wc had 
 fielh .rales, and at midnight Cape Upright boreS, S. W. 
 half VV. On the 1 7th, by the advice of Captain Car- 
 teret, wc bore away for U()right Bay, and, he being ac- 
 quainted with the place, the Swallow was ordered to 
 lead. At cle\ en o'clock wc opened a large lagpon, and 
 by means of a current, which fet ftrongly into it, the 
 Swallow w. IS driven among the breakers dofe ujwn the 
 lee-lliore : flic made fignals of diftrefs, and notwith- 
 fl.-inding the weather w;is hazy, and the furf ran high, 
 our boats took hjr in tow, but their utmoft clforts to* 
 lave her would have been in vain, had not a breeze 
 from the fliore happily relieved her. At noon a great 
 fwcll came on, th^- waves ran high, and the K.g was fo 
 thick, that we narrowly cfcaped lliipwreck, in what we 
 conje(itured to be, the B.-iy of Iflands; we therefore 
 endeavoured to haul out, asthconlychanceof cfcaping; 
 this we found no cafy talk, being obliged to tack con- 
 tinually, to weather fome ifland or rock ; but at four 
 o'clock, P. M. the weather clearing up a little, wc had 
 a light of Cape Upright, for which wc immediately 
 fleered, and between live and (ix came (nMy to an 
 anchor in the bay, in 46 fathoms, with a muddy bottom. 
 A high blurt' land on the north-lhore bore N. W. half 
 N. diftant live leagues, and a fmall ifland within us 
 S. by E. half E. The Swallow, who was driven to 
 lee-ward, notwithftanding ftic had two anchors a-hcad, 
 was brought up about a cable's length aftem of us, in 
 70 fathoms water. To clear her anchors, for whi^h 
 purpofe we fent a conliderable number of our hands, 
 and to warp her into a proper birth, coft us the whole 
 daj;, and was not only a work of time, but of the 
 utmoft difficulty and lalwur. On the 1 8th, we fent out 
 
 boats 
 
 -I*'; 
 
 / 
 
 
a6o 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comfi. m. 
 
 botu to found qm'nc crofii the ftrait, and thii day we 
 moored the fhipin 78 fathomi, with the ftream anchor. 
 On the 19th, two canoc», having in them fevcral In- 
 dians, came alonif-fidc the Dolphin. Thcv were equally 
 miferable and abject, with thofc wc had before fccn. 
 A feanian gave one of them a fi(h, which he had iud 
 caught with a line, and it was then alive. The Inciian 
 fcit'ed it ai a dog wouM a bone, and inftantly killed it 
 by biting it near the giiU ; he then began ar the head, 
 and proceeded on to the uil, champing up the bones, 
 and devouring both the fcalci anu tnc entrails. 
 Thefe people would drink no other liquor than water, 
 but they eagerly tore in pieces and (wallowed down 
 
 f>rovirions of any kind, wncther boiled, roafted, raw, 
 iilt, or frcfli. Though the weather was very cold, their 
 only covering was a (caUfliin, and even that they jput 
 off when rowing. We obferved that they all had lore 
 eyes, occalioned probably by tht finokc of their fires, 
 and their filthy way of feeding .■<nd living made them 
 fmcll as rank as a fox. They had with them fomc 
 javelins, rudely pointed with bone, with which they ufcd 
 to ftrike feals, nlh, and penguins. Their canoes were 
 alxxit 1 5 feet in length, three broad, and nearly the 
 fame mcafurement in depth. They were conftrudled 
 « ith the bark of trees tacked together, either with the 
 fincws of fomc bcalT, or thpngs cut out of a hide. A 
 kind of ruih was laid into the fcams, and the out>fidc was 
 fmcarcd w ith rcfm or gum, which prevented the water 
 from foaking into the bark. To the bottom and fides 
 were kwed tranfverfely 1 5 (lender branchas, bent into 
 an arch ; and fomc fliait pieces were placed crofs the 
 top, from gunwale to gunwale, fccurely laflicd at each 
 end ; but upon the whole the workmanfliip was very 
 rough, nor liad thefe people any thing among them, 
 wherein there was the lean appearance of ingenuity. 
 The Captain prefentcd them a hatchet or two, fome 
 beads, and a few other baubles, with which they de- 
 parted, fccmingly well fatisfird, to the (buthward. 
 iDuring our Oay here, we fent our boats as ufual in 
 fearch of anchoring places. Several fmall cqves were 
 difcovercd, but iiiuir of them dangeroui. Twenty-two 
 of the failora belonging to one of the boats, ftaying one 
 night on an idand, about 30 Indians landed, ran im- 
 mediately to the boat, and began to make oft' with every 
 thing they could carry away ; the failors difcovered what 
 they were tloing, and had but juft time to prevent their 
 depreJacions. When oppofed, they went to their ca- 
 noes, and armed thcmfelves with long poles and pointed 
 javelins. 1 hey flood in a threatning attitude, and our 
 people on the defendvc; but the latter parting with a 
 tew trifles to them, they became friends, and peace and 
 bannony were a(^in rcdored. From this time to the 
 30th, \^ had hard gales, and heavy feas, accompanied 
 with hail, lightning, and rain. Neverthelefs, the men 
 were fent frequently afliore for exercifc.whichcontributed 
 not a little to their health, and by them we had almoft 
 a condanc fupply of mufclcs and vegetables. On 
 Monday the 30th, we improved the firft interval of 
 moderate weather, in drying the fails, and airing the 
 fpare ones, which lall wc found much injured by the 
 rati. We<alfo repaired the fire-place of the Swallow in 
 the fame manner as wc had done our own, and fet up 
 a back w ith lime made of burnt fhells. This day we faw 
 fcvcral canoes full of Indians, on the eaft-fidc of^the bay. 
 and the next morning feveral came on board, and 
 
 firoved to be the fame people w.Mch the boots crew had 
 cen on fhorc. 
 
 On the id of April, feveral other Indians came off 
 to the fhip, and brought with them feveral of the birds 
 dulled race-horfcs, which fomc of our company pur- 
 chafed for a few trifles. They behaved very peaceably, 
 and the Capuin prefentcd them with feveral hatchets, 
 and diftniffed them with a few toys as ufual. On the 
 and, eight Indians brought fix of their children on board, 
 whom the Captain gratified with bracelets aixl ncck- 
 iaccs. Thefe people were exceedingly tender in the 
 treatment of their children; and a circumflance hap- 
 pened which proves that they are not icTs delicate in 
 other refpetU. A boat was ordered on (hore to get 
 wood and waters at which tiine fiMneofthelqdiam 
 
 were on board, and others in their canoes along-fid< 
 the fhip: the latter eved the boot attentively ; and, on 
 her putting off, called aloud to their com|>anions, m ho, 
 without fpcaking, intlantly handed do*n the children, 
 and jumped into the canoes, which hurried after t! c 
 boat, while the poor Indians cried in a mol) dillrcraful 
 tone. When our boat was near land, fomc women 
 were feen among the rocks, to whom the Indians called 
 aloud, and they all ran away 1 but the boats crew having 
 remarked their jealous fears, lay on their oars, to con- 
 vincethem that no injury was intended. The Indians 
 landed, drew their canoes on fliorc, and haflily followed 
 theobjedls of their afTedlions. Thisdav the malUr of 
 the Swallow, who had been fent out to icck fur anchor, 
 ing places, returned with an account, that he had found 
 three on the north fhorc, moft of which were very j oodj 
 one about four miles to the eaftward of Cape Providence, 
 another under the eaft.fide of Cape Tamar, and a thiid 
 about four miles to the eallward of it ; but it mutt be 
 obferved, that the ground onder Cape Providence i* 
 rocky. Our men at this time began to be troubled w ith 
 fluxes, on which account, at the requeft of our fiirgcon, 
 it u'as ordered, that no more mufclcs (which had Ix-cu 
 found continually in abundance) fhould be brought on 
 board. On Friday the loth, we made fail in company 
 with the Swallow. At noon, Cape Providence bore 
 N. N. W. diflant five miles. At four P. M. dpe Tamar 
 bore N. W. by W. half W. diftant three leagues, and 
 Cape Pillar W. diflant ten leagues. Cape Upright 
 bore K. S. E. half S. diflant three leagues. On the 
 I Ith, having fleered W. half N. all night, we found, at 
 fix o'clock, A. M. that we had run 38 miles by the log. 
 At this time. Cape Pillar bearing S. W. diftant half 
 mile, the Swallow was about three miles aftern of us, 
 and txing but little wind, we were obliged to croud all 
 the fail we could, to get without the ftraits mouth. 
 The Captain, at eleven o'clock, would have (liortened 
 fail for our confort, but it was not in our power, for it 
 was abfolutely neceflary for us to carry fail, in order to 
 clear the ifles of diretftion. Soon after we loft fight of 
 the Swallow, and faw her not again during the remain- 
 der of our voyage. At noon our latitude by obfervation 
 was 52 dcg. 38 min. and our longitude by computation 
 76 dcg. weft from London. The iflands of Diredion 
 now bore north 21 jtel^i diftant three leagues. St, 
 Paul's Cupola, and Cape Vidtory in one, north, diftant 
 feven leagues, and Cape Pillar eaft, diftant fix leagues. 
 Happy did we now think ourfelves in having cleared 
 the Straits of Magellan, a dreary and inhofpitable re- 
 gion, in which wc had contended with, innumerable 
 difficulties, and efcaped moft imminent dangers, in a 
 paflage of almoft four months, lumely, from l>:ccmber 
 the 1 7th, 1 766, i» the nth of April, 1 767. 
 
 Our Journalift now proceeds to a defcription of the 
 places in which the (hips anchored, during their paf- 
 fage through the ftraits, from whence wc have extradted 
 fuch particulars, as may be of ufc to future navigators, 
 furnith real improvement to thofe of our fubfcritiers 
 who Ixlong to his majefty's navy, and afford an agree- 
 able entertainment to our various and numerous dafFcs 
 of readers. 
 
 (1.) Cape Viigin Mary. This is a fteep white clifl; 
 which fomcwhat refcmbles the South Fon-land. By 
 obfervation and our reckoning, it lies in latitude 5 1 
 dec. 24 min. fouth, and in 68 dcg. 22 min. weft loiwi- 
 tudic from London. Under this cape, when the wind is 
 wefterly, is a good hariwur, but we faw no appearance 
 either of woodor water. About a mile from the ftiorr, 
 you may anchor in ten fathom water, with coarfe fandy 
 ground. (2.) PofTefTionBay. The point of this lies in 
 latitude 52 deg. 23 min. fouth, and in 68 deg. 57 min. 
 weft longitude. Here the foundings arc very irregular, 
 but the ground is throughout a fine foft mud antlclay. 
 The landing appeared to be good, but we could fee no 
 figns of either wood or water. It is neceffary, in faiU 
 iiig into this bay, to give the point a good birth, there 
 being a reef that runs about a mile right otf it. (3.) 
 Port Famine. This is an excellent t>av, capacious 
 enough for many (hips to moor therein with the utmoft 
 Cifcty. Wood and water arc to be procured with cafe: 
 
 gecfe. 
 
Captain WALLIS'j VOYAGE— lor making Dilcovcrivi in jhc Sou riirRN Dckan.^ci-. afii 
 
 gcff, dui k«, tful, ike. are in eriat ulcnty, ami tilh ui 
 abiiii(|jn< r. It is (icuatcil in latitude ( { di-e. 41 iiiin. 
 foutli.anil 71 dcg. iK niin. weft lon^jituili'. We ii\(K)rcil 
 in nine fathom, having br<nij{ht CajK- St. Anne N. \\. 
 by E. and the licautit'ul river Scdger. (i)t » hich we have 
 uiven a particular ilcfcription in the hill ry of Com- 
 ii\o«iorc Bvron'« voyage,) S. half W. »hi< h jK-rhapn u 
 the inoft eligible fituation, though the whole Imv i» h«khI 
 ground. In the year 1 581 . the Spaniards built a town | 
 here, which they named I'hilipville, and left in it a 
 colony of 400 perfonit. Sevcnty-lix of thi» nuinlK-r 
 were ftarvcd, and of the remaindcrj n proceidcd in 
 trarch of the river Plata, and mod probably perillied, 
 a* no tidings were ever heard of the in. W hen our 
 celebrated navigator Sir William (.'a^i ndilli arrived at 
 this place in 1 5H7, he found the only one that remained 
 of thole unfortunate adventurers, named llernundo, 
 and brought him to Kngland. l-'iom tTicir melancholy 
 fate, Sir William named the bay, Fort Famine. (4.) 
 Cape Holland Bay. This lies in latitude 53 deg. 57 
 min. and 1072 deg. 34 min, weft longitude. Here is 
 a fine rivulet, and dole under the cape a large river, 
 navigable for boats many miles 1 and the ftiorc affords 
 plenty of fire -wood. We caught very little fifli, but 
 lijund plenty of muftles and limpets. The adjacent 
 country produces plenty of cranberries and wild celery. 
 We killcil fome geefe, ducks, teal, and lace-horfes, yet 
 the birds are not numerous. Tliere is no danger in 
 failing into this bay, and in every part thereof is go<Kl 
 anchoring ^^round. (5.) Caj)c Gallant May. This is 
 lituaud in 5 ;< deg. 50 nun. fouth latitude, and 7 j deg. 
 9 min. weft longitude. The landing is giKxl ; the tide 
 very irrcgularj and the bcft anchoring is on the eaft- 
 lide, where we found from 6 to 10 fathoms. Heie are 
 abundance of wood, vegetables, and lidi, with good 
 watering from two rivers. In this bay, which may be 
 entered with great /afety, there is a ii>aciou.s lagoon, 
 where a fleet of ftiipsmay moor in perfect fecurity. ihc 
 lagoon abounds with wild fowl, and we found in, and 
 a^ut it, wild celery, inufcles, and limpets in plenty. 
 (6.) Elizabeth Bay. Its latitude is 5 { deg. 43 min. 
 fouth, and its longitude 73 deg. 24 min. weft. Sufti- 
 cipnt quantities of wood may be procured here for the 
 ufc of ftiips, and they will find good watering at a fiiiall 
 river. We gathered a little celery and a few cranber- 
 ries, but met with neither filh nor fowl. The bcft an- 
 chorage is at Paflagc Point, at half a mile diftancc, 
 bearing S. E. and the river N. E. by E. diftant three 
 cables length ; in this ftation, a Ihoal, which may be 
 known by tie weeds, bears W. N. W. diftant one 
 cable's length : the ground is coarfe fand and ftiells. At 
 the entrance of this bay arc two fmall reefs, that appear 
 above witcr. The moft dangerous of the two is at 
 the call i)oint of the bay, but this may eafily be 
 avoided, t)y keeping at the diftancc of about two 
 cables length from the road. (7 ) York Road. This 
 lies in latitude 53 deg. 39 min. fouth, and, by our 
 account, 73 deg. 52 min. weft longitude. The land- 
 ing in all parts of this place is very good s and we 
 found celery, cranberries, mufck-s, limpets, wild fowl, 
 and foinc lifti, but not fufticient to fupply our ftiip? 
 company with a lingle meal. About a mile up aa. 
 chelor's River is good watering, and plenty of wofxl 
 all round the bay. From the Wcftern Point a reef 
 runs otF about a cable's length, which, when known, 
 may eafily be avoided. To anchor with fafety in this 
 bay, bring York Point E. S. E. Bachelor's River 
 
 N. by W. half W. The reef N. W. half W. and St-' 
 Jerom's Sound U'. N. W. at the dillaiue of h.ilf a 
 mile from the (Iwire. The current here frciiucntly 
 lets in three dillWeiu diro'tion^ i the water riles ana 
 falN about eight feet 1 but the tide is irregular. (H.) 
 Butler's Bay. This is litiiated in latituile 53 ileg. 
 37 min. fouth, and in 74 dig. i^ mm. well longitude. 
 It is not only fmall, but entirely eiu irelcd with riKks, 
 on whiih account we would caution every navigator 
 ii}{.iiiift anchoring at ihu pl.ue, il he can pollibly avoid 
 it. Here are fome rmk iiih, and .1 few wild tiiul, but 
 celery and cranberries arc very ftarce. (<;.) l.ion'l* 
 Cove. The fame m.iy be laid of this as we have ob- 
 ftrved of the preceding luy i but though the water 
 up a fmall creek is good, here i^ no wcmkI. The la- 
 titude is 53 deg. 2h min. luuth i longituile, by our 
 account, 74 dejj. 25 mm. wift. (10 ) Ciood l.uck 
 Bay. This is jiiuated in l.ititude 5 { deg. .23 min. 
 and in 74 deg. i^ min. well longitude. Like feveral 
 others, it is fmall, and the rocks with which it is fur- 
 rounded, render it very dillicult of accef*. We pro- 
 cured here a fullicient quantity of frelh water, but very 
 little wood. Nut any kindt of refa*fliments arc to be 
 expected at this place t iiulced we caught only a few 
 ruck tilh with houk and line. The ground is very 
 coarfe, and the cable of our bell bower anchor was lo 
 much rubl)cd, that we were obliged to condemn it, 
 and bend a new one. Circumftances may arife under 
 which It may be thought good luck to get into this 
 bay, but we thought it very good luck when we got 
 out of it. (11.) Swallow Bay. This lies in latitude 
 53 deg. 29 min. fouth, and in 74 deg. 35 min, 
 weft longitude. The entrance is narrow and rocky, 
 but when once entered, it is very fafe, being ftieltercil 
 from all winds. The lucks, by keeping a good look- 
 out, may be eafily avoided. As to the mountains that 
 furround it they have a moll horrid appearance, and 
 fcem to be deferted by every thing that has life ; and 
 we found no fupply of piovilions, except a few rock 
 filh and mufcles. The landing is very good, and the 
 tide rifes and lalls between four and five feet, (i 2.) 
 Upright Bay. This is in latitude 53 deg. 8 min. 
 fouth, longitude 75 deg. 35 min. weft." The entrance 
 is very fafe, and the water excellent. A fufticicncy of 
 wood may Ik procured for ftock, but provifions arc 
 rather fcarce. The landing is not good, the tide very 
 irregular; and the water riles and falls above five feet, 
 iklides thefe 12 bays, there arc three others, a little 
 beyond Cape Shut-up, which we named River Bay, 
 Lodging Bay, and W^aliis's Bay, the laft of which is 
 the bcft. Alfo between Elizabeth Bay and York Road 
 lies Mufcle Bay, wherein is exceeding good anchorage 
 with a wefterly wind. The ground of Chance Bay is 
 very rocky, and therefore to be avoided. Nof far from 
 Cape Quod, to the eaftward, lies Iftand Bay, which is 
 by no means an eligible fituation for Ihipping. There 
 is likewife a bay with good anchorage, oppofitc to 
 York Road i and another to the eaftward of Cape 
 Crofs.tide, but this latter one will hold only a finglc 
 (hip. Between Cape Crofs and St. David's Head lies 
 St, David's Sound, on the fouth-fidc of which we 
 found a bank of coarfe fand and ftiells, with a depth 
 of water from 19 to 30 fathom, where a fliip might 
 anchor in cafe of neceflity; and the mafter of the Swal- 
 low found a very good fmall bay a little to the eaftward 
 of St. David's Head. 
 
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 aso- 
 
 CHAP. n. 
 
 71fr Dohbitt proceeds oh her voyage from the ftrait lo the iveftward—Sevcral ijlands difcmered in the South Sen, namely 
 —lyhitfuH Jfland—^eeH Charlotte's— Epnont—Gloucejler— Cumberland— Prince f William Henry's— O/naiiirgh^ 
 king George the Third's, called fy the natives Otabeite, with a particular, ftill^ and complete defer ipt ion 0/ tho/e i/lands 
 ~-Tbe cuftoms, manners, (^c. of the natives— The feviral incidents wbicb happened en board the Jbtp and alhore-— 
 Particularly, a very circumftanltal account of the inbaiitauts of Otabcite— Their arts, trade, domeftU life, and charafier. 
 No. n, 3 u An 
 
I 
 
 s6a 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complhth. 
 
 Ah exftdilvm H iiifivX'tt the imt^utd pari *J' ibt tmniry — Ami a xantly ^ madtnit Md Iranfiii 'ittu, lilt v.f ifHilltJ ibt 
 I/ImJ i» (OHlimu mtr vtytf/t. 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 . t 
 
 I . 
 
 ON Sunday the nth of April 17A7, after having 
 cleared the (trait, we held on our courfe to the 
 weftward. Here it ma^ be proper to obTerve, that, m 
 all the hard galea by which \\c fuircrcd, blew from the 
 weftward, we thipt«*lt advifcable ro Rand about 100 
 league* and mor: to the weftward, after failiP' out of 
 the Strait of Magellan, that the fliip may not be endan- 
 
 Erred on a lee-innrc, which at prefent ia wholly un> 
 nown. At we continued our courfe a number of 
 Iheerwaten, pinodoet, ganneti, and other birda. Hew 
 about the Ihip 1 the upper worki nf which being open, 
 and the cloathi and bedding continually wet, the failora 
 in a few days were attacked with fever* t and having 
 a cotKinuation of ftmng gale*, haiy weather, and heavy 
 fea*, we were frequently broughc under our courfea. On 
 Wedncfday the 1 2nd, we ooferved in latitude 41 deg. 
 g4min. fouth, and in 95 deg. 46 min. weft longitude; 
 and on Monday the 27th at noon, we found our btitude 
 to be 36 deff. 54 min. fouih. and our longitude, by ac | 
 count, 1 00 deg. weft from London. This day being 
 fair, and the weather moderate, the Tick were brought 
 on deck, to whom were given fatop, and portable foup, 
 in which wheat had been twilcd. The violent gales re- 
 turned, fo that the beds were again wet through, and it 
 was feared that the (hip* would loTe her maftsi we there- 
 fore began to think of altering our courfe, in hc^ of 
 better weather { and the rather, u the number of our 
 fick encrcafcd fo faft, that there was danger of foon 
 wanting hand* to navigate the vcfTel. On Monday the 
 4th o( May, by obfcrvation, we found ourfclves in lati- 
 tude i8 deg. 20 min. fouth t and in 96 deg. ai min. 
 weft longitude. On the .*th, we faw feveral (heer- 
 watcn and fea fwalluwsi and on Tuefdav the 12th, we 
 obfcrvfd the fame kind of birds, and (ome porpoifes 
 about the (hip. On the 14th, we faw the appearance 
 of what wc imagined to be high land, towards which a 
 flock of brown birds were obTcrved to fly; we therefore 
 ftecred all ni|;ht fur this fup|Mfcd land; but at day- 
 break could (ec no figns of it. As the weather now 
 became moderate, wc found our people recovered very 
 tuft i and the car{Knters were buticd in caulking the 
 upper works of the (hip, and repairing the boats. On 
 the 1 5th, our latitude was 24 dm. 50 min. fouth, and 
 our longitude 106 deg. weft. On MonJay the 1 8th, a 
 Ihccp, by the captains order, was diftributed anwng our 
 people who were lick and recovering. On Tlmrfday 
 the 2 1 ft, wc faw a number of flying fi(h ; and on the 
 22nd fomc bonettas, dolphins, and Nying-fi(h. ALout 
 this time, fuch of the fcanKn on board as had been re- 
 covcrinj^ from colds and fevers, began to be attacked 
 by the Kurvy, upon which, at the fui]geon's rcprefenta- 
 tion, wine was I'ervcd t* themt wort was aifo made 
 from malt for their ufe; and each of the crew had half 
 a pint of pickled cabbage tvery day, notwithftandinc 
 which the men began to look very (ickly, and to hU 
 a prey to the fcurvy very fiift ; to repel which thsy had 
 winelerved inftead of fpirits, with denty of fwcct-wort 
 and falop : portable foup was boiled in their peas and 
 oatmeal ; their births and cloathswere kept conftantiv 
 clean ; the hammocks were every day brought upon deck 
 at ei^t o'clock in the morning, and carried down at 
 four m the afternoon ; fomc or other of the beds and 
 hammocks were wafhed daily : the ftiip's water was ren- 
 dered wholefome by ventilation, and every part between 
 decks was clcanfed with vinegar. This day our latitude 
 was 20 deg. 1 li min. fouth, and 1 1 1 deg. weft longitude. 
 On Tucfday the 26th, wc law two grampufes ; and on 
 the :7th, a variety of birds, one of which was taken for 
 a Ian J-bird, and rcfeinbled a fwallow. On the 3 1 ft, wt 
 found by obfervation our latitude to be 39 deg. 38 min. 
 fouth, longitude 127 dec. 45 rain. weft. 
 
 Un Monday the i ft of June, wc faw feveral men of war- 
 birds, and, on the 3rd fome ganncts; and, the weather 
 iKtng at this tinu* very various, wc conceived hopes that 
 wc drew near to land. On the .^h, a turtle fwam clofc 
 
 I 
 
 by the (hip, and the nctt day a gmt variety nf birds were 
 feen. On .Saturday the 6th, the lung willied-for IjikI be- 
 came vifible from the mafl-head, the man ( r-ying mit 
 " Ijnd in the north- weft." Thisinthecuurfc oliheday 
 proved to be a low ifland, diflant alxMit lix Iragurii. 
 When within live miles of this iHaitil, wc diCtitvcrcd a 
 fecomi to the W. N. W. The (irft lirntcniint Iwing 
 at this time very ill, Mr. Furncaux, the fecund lieu- 
 tenant, was frnt with two tionti to the lirft idand, the 
 crews of each being well provided with arnt«. When 
 the boats canKnear the iHand, two canoes were ohil-rved 
 to put oH'to the adjacent onei and no mhabitants were 
 feen to remain where our party landrd. I Icre feveral 
 cocoa-nuts, and a large quantity of fcurvy-graf* ucre 
 obtained, which proved a valuable acouilition to the 
 iick, and a grateful refrefttmcni to tnofe in health. 
 They returned in the evening to the (hip, bringing with 
 them fome (tlh-hook*. which the iflanders had (ormcJ 
 ofoy(U-r-(hells. In this cxcurfion they tlifcovercd three 
 huts, fup|torted on polls, and open all round, liut 
 thatched with cocoa-nut and |xilm leaves. As no an- 
 chorage could be fo«ind, and the whole illand wan cncuiii- 
 SfTca with rocks and breakers. Captain Wallis re- 
 ved to fteer fur the other illand, giving the n.inic of 
 Whitfun Iflaivl to this, becaufc it was difiovcred on 
 Whitfunday's Eve. Having approached the other illand, 
 Mr. I'urneaux was again fent otf with the boats, man- 
 ned ami armed. At this time about jo of the natives 
 were feen running about with flrc-brands in their hands. 
 Mr. Furnetux was inftrutlted to fteer to that part of 
 the (hore, where the natives had been feen, u> avoid 
 giving otfrnce. When Mr. Furneaux drew near with 
 the boats to the fliure, the natives put themfclves in a 
 pofture of defence, with their pikes ( but the lieutenant 
 nuking (igns of amity, and expoling to view a few 
 trinkets, (bme of :he Indians walked into the water: 
 to whom it was hinted, that fomc cocoa-nut* and water 
 would be acceptable : which was no (boner underftood, 
 than they ventured with a fuull qiuntity of each to the 
 boat* I and received luils and other trities in exchange. 
 While bartering with them, one of the Indians ftole a 
 filk handkerchief with its contenu, but the thief could 
 by no meam be difcovcred. 
 
 On Monday the 8th, Mr. Furneaux was again dif> 
 patched with the boats, and received orders frum Cap- 
 tain Wallis to land, if he could do it without oflending 
 the natives. As this party drew near to the ihore, they 
 obfervcd faven large canoes, each with two mafts, lying 
 ready for the Indians to embark in them. 'Ittelc 
 having made (tgns to the crew to procrcd higher up^ 
 they complied, and immediately the Indians embarked 
 on board the feven large canoes and quitted the fpoc, 
 being joined bv two canoes at another part ot the illand. 
 Thele latter the Indians fleered in a diredlion of W. .S. 
 W. They were divided, two being brought along-(ide 
 of each other, and faftcned together, at the diflanre of 
 about three feet afunder, by crofs beams, pafling from 
 the larboard ^(unwale of one to the ftarboard gunwale 
 of the other, in the middle and near each end. They 
 appeared to be 30 feet in length, four in breadth, ana 
 three in depth. The people had long black hair hang- 
 ing over their fliouldcrs, of a dark complexion, nf » 
 middle fizc, and were drefTed in a kind of matting 
 made faft round the middle. The women are beauti- 
 ful, and the men juftly proportioned. In the afternoon 
 the fecond lieutenant being again fent on ftiore, the 
 Captain commanded him to take polTeinon of the 
 ifland in the kir«'s name, and to call it Qtieen Char- 
 lotte's Illand. The boats returned loaded with cocoa- 
 nuts and fcurvy-grafs, after having found two wells of 
 excellent water. Provilions for a week were now 
 allotted for a mate ^tid ao men, who w ere left on (hore 
 to Ail wiater s the lick were landed for the benefit of the 
 air; and a number of hands were appointed to climb 
 the cocM-trccf and gathrr the nuts, u hich in our litua. 
 
 tloil 
 
 i 
 
Ca FTAiii WALLB'i VOYAGE— fof making Di(covcriei in ih«SouTMrm« Orr,AN, &c. a6j 
 
 lion were vera dcflnbk. Thew«erwMbiwJKhionb«i«rd 
 onihr loih, but the coem-nuii mkI vegctablet, which the 
 cutter WM bringing off, were l«>ft by the rolllnji of the 
 wivei, that •Imoft Ailed her with %wtcr. Afterward* 
 they made an ifland whcra were found fcireral tooli, re- 
 TemMing adtc*, awU. and chilTeU, which were formed 
 of (hell* and ftonea. The dead bodies were not buried, 
 but left under a kind of canopy, to decay above ground. 
 Thii day tht (hipfkilid again, after uking noflcfilon of 
 the inanda for the king i in teftimony of which v - ' ft 
 • flag flying, and carved hit majefty'f name on a piece 
 of wood, and on the bark of feveral treci. We left 
 ihillinn. flKpencei, halfpence, bottles, naiU, hatchett, 
 and other thingi for the ufe of the natives. It was 
 ■emarkable, that on this ifland we feimd the very peo- 
 
 Ele who had fled from Qiwen Charlotte's Ifland, with 
 rveral othen. in the whole near lOO. It lies in 19 deg. 
 ao min. fouth latitude, and 13I deg. 30 min. weft lon- 
 gitude, and received the name of Egmont Ifland. On 
 Thurfdav the nth, we obferved about 16 perfona on 
 an ifland which was called Gloucefter Ifland 1 but u it 
 was furroundeil with rocks and breakers, wc did not at- 
 tempt to land . This day we likewife difcovered anc ther, 
 which was called Cumberland Ifland t and. on thi: day 
 following, a third, which received the name of Prince 
 WillianiHenry's Ifland. 
 
 On Wedncula^ the 17th, we again difcovered land, 
 and at ten at night faw a light, which convinced us 
 that it was inhahitrd, and remarked, that there were 
 plenty of cocoa-trees, a ccruin proof of there being no 
 want of water. Mr. Fumeaux was fent on fliorc the 
 day following, with inftrudtioiu to exchange fomc toys 
 for fuch things as the ifland produced. He faw a srcat 
 number of the petmie, but could find no place wncrc 
 the (hip might ancnor. Some of the natives, who had 
 « hitc fticks in their hands, appeared to have an autho- 
 rity over the reft. While the lieutenant was trafiicking 
 with them, an Indian diving into the water, feized the 
 grappling of the boat, whi^ his companions on (horc 
 laia hold of the rope by which (he wu faftencd, and at- 
 tempted to draw ner into the furf, but their endea- 
 vours were fniftratcd by the firins of a mufquet, on 
 which they all let go their hold. Tnefe Indians were 
 drefledin akind of cloth, a piece of which was brought 
 to the (hip. It was concluded from the number of the 
 people Teen, and their having fome larae double canoes 
 on the (hore, that there were larger il^nds at no great 
 diftance : the Captain, therefore, having named this 
 
 Elace Ofnabuigh ifland, nude fail and foon difcovering 
 igh-land, came to an anchor, becaufc the weather was 
 very foggy. The next morning early we faw land, 
 diftant four or five leagues ; but, after having failed to- 
 wards it fome time, thmght it prudent again to anchor, 
 on account ofthe thicknefs of the fog 1 mit it no fboner 
 cleared away, than we found the (hip etKompalTed by a 
 number of canoes, in which were many hundretb of 
 peQplc. Havine approached the fliip, they beheld it 
 with wonder, and talked with great earncftnefs. Some 
 baubles were now (hewn them, and figns were made for 
 them to come on board, on which they rowed the 
 canoes towardii each other, and a general confulution 
 took place 1 at the conclufion of which thcv all fur- 
 rounded the Ihip with an appeannce of frienolhip, and 
 one of them dfelivcred an oration, at the coiKluuon of 
 which he threw into the Tea the branch of a planuin. 
 tree, which he had held in^his hand. This being done, 
 a young Indian, of more apparent courage than the 
 reft, ventured on board the (hip. The Capuin would 
 have given him fome baubles, but he refufed the accep- 
 tance nf them till thofc in the canoes came alorg.(ide, 
 and, having held a confulution, threw on board Icveral 
 brances of the plantain-tree. Others now ventured on 
 board j but it was remarked, that they all got into the 
 (hip at foniK improper part, not one of them, even by 
 accident, finding the right place of afcent. A goat be- 
 longing to the (hip, having run his horns agsinft the 
 back of one of the Indians, he looked round with fur- 
 
 Erizc, and feeins the animal ready to renew the atuck 
 ifprug over the ftiip's fide, and was inftantly foUewcd 
 
 by all his countrymen. Their terror, however, lixm 
 fubftdfd, and they returned to the fliip 1 and the flucp, 
 hogs, and poultry being fliewn iheni, they intiiiiaicd 
 that they pMnrlfed the two tatter r|)ecic«. The Captain 
 then gave them nails and other triRcs, and made H^m 
 thai he wanted hogs, fowls, and fruit 1 but iheyinulj 
 not comprehend him. They were dctcCk-d in ftvcral 
 attempts to uke away any thing thcv (imiM lay hold 
 of) but one of them at length jumpco overboard with 
 a laced hat which he had fnatchcd from one of the 
 officers. 
 
 The interior parts nf the ifland abounds in hills, 
 cloaihed with timber-trees, above thcin arc high pc.ika, 
 from which large riven defcend to th>: fcai the houlca, 
 when feen at a diftance, refcmble barns, having no 
 ftwiterbut a roof 1 the land towards the fea is level, and 
 produces the cocoa-nut, with a va;iety of other fruits, 
 and the faceofthe whole country is pn'lurercjiic tnyond 
 defcriptinn. We now failed aUmp thi- (i,orc, while the 
 canoes, which could not keep pace with ii>, m.idc tu^ 
 wards the land. In the afternoon the fliiu brou);ht to, 
 and the boats being lent to found a bay that promifed 
 good anchorage, the Indian canoes HcKJced rouna them. 
 The Captain, apprehcniivc that their drli,;ns were hof- 
 tile, made a lignal for the hoatx to return to the fliip, 
 and fired a gun over the headi of the Indians. Thoiigli 
 they were irightened at the rrp«)rt, thev attempted to 
 
 firevent the return of the cutter; hut ihc eailv out- 
 iiilcd thcin. This being obferved by (01110 canm-s in a 
 dift'ercnt ftation, they intencptcd hvr, and wounded 
 fome of her people with ftoncs, which oicafioncd the 
 firing a mufquet, and fume (hot were lodged in the 
 (houlder of the man who began thcattarkj which 'he 
 Indians obferving, they all made utf with the utmoft 
 precipitation. The boats having reached the (hip pre- 
 parations were made for failing, hut a large canne 
 making towards her at a great rate, it was rclolved to 
 wait the event of her arrival ; on which an Indian, 
 making a fpeech, threw a plantain branch on board, 
 and the Captain returned the coiiitiliincnt of peace, 
 by giving them a branch, which nad been left on 
 board by the other Indians) fomc toys being likewife 
 given them, they departed very well fatistied. Wc now 
 iailcd.and the next morning wercott'a peak of land which 
 was almoft covered with tnc natives and their houfcs. 
 On the 3 1 ft the fliip anchored, and feveral canoes came 
 along-fideof her, bringing a large quantity of fruit, with 
 fowls and hogs, for which they received nails and t())s 
 in exchange. 
 
 The boats having been fent to found along the coaft, 
 were followed by large double canoes, three of whic h 
 ran at the cutter, ftavcd in her quarter, and otherwife 
 danuged her, the Indians at the fame time, armed 
 with clubs, endeavouring to board her; the crew now 
 fired, and wounded one iiian dangcroufly, and killing 
 another, they both fell into the fea, whither their com- 
 panions dived after them, and got them into the 
 canoe. They now tried if they could ftand or lit, but 
 as one wu quite dead, they laid him at the bottom of 
 the canoe, and the wounded man vtas fupportcd in a 
 fitting pofture. The (hips boats kept on their way, 
 while fome of the canoes went on fliorc, and others re- 
 turned to the fliip to renew their incrchandifc. While 
 the boats continued out in fcveial foundings, the 
 natives fwam off to them with water and fruit. The 
 women were particularly urgent for the failon to land, 
 and, putting oflf all their cloaths. gave hints, of the moft 
 iadelicate nature, how acceptable their company would 
 be. The boats being fent on (hore with fome fmaU 
 cafks to get water, the Indians filled two of them, and 
 kept all the reft for their trouble. When the boatt 
 cameoif, theflwre was crowded with thoufandtof men, 
 wonwn, and children. During this time, feveral canoca 
 remained along-fide the (hip, but the Captain would 
 not permit a finale Indian to go on board, as there wai 
 no Euarding agauift their artful difpofitions. 
 
 On Monday the 22nd, the tutives brought hogs, 
 poultry, and fruit to the fhip, which they bartered for, 
 knivesand other thingi.fothat the wholecrewwasfupplied 
 
 viih 
 
 
I 
 
 
 ; ■ 
 
 ii 
 
 t64 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Completb. 
 
 with meat for two days, bv means of this traffic. The 
 boats having bttn this day fcnt for water, every in- 
 ducement vM ufcd by the inhabitants to perfuadc them 
 to land, and the behaviour of the women was (till 
 more lafcivious than before. Having procured a 
 fmall quantity of water, the boats put olT: on which 
 the women (lioutcd aloud, pelted them with apples and 
 banana.t, and (hewed every mark of contempt and dc- 
 teftation. On the 23rd, we made fail, with intention 
 to anchor off the watering-place, but, the man at the 
 imft-hcad difcovering a bay a few miles to the leeward, 
 we immediately ftood for it. The boats which were 
 a- head, making a fignal for an anchorage, we prepared 
 to bring to; but when the fliip had almofl reached the 
 place, (lie fuddenly (Iruck, and her head remained im- 
 moveable, fixed on a Cv>ral rock ; in which lituation (he 
 remained near an hour, vhen (he was happily relieved 
 by a breeze from the (norc. During the whole time 
 that (he was in danger of being wret-kcd, llic was cn- 
 compafTedby hundreds of Indians in their canoes ; but 
 not one of them attempted to board her. The Dolphin 
 was now- piloted round a reef, into an harbuur,^wherc 
 fhe was moored. The mafler was tiieii fcnt to found 
 the bay, and found fafe anchorajje in every part of it. 
 In the mean time fomc fmall canoes brought provilions 
 on board ; but as the (hore was crowdeil with large 
 canoes, (illed with men, the Captain loaded and primed 
 his guns, fupplied hislx>ats with nuifquetecrs, and kcjit 
 a number of men under anns. 
 
 On Wednefday the 24th, the (liip failed up the liar 
 bour, and many canoes followed us, bringmg provi- 
 (ions, .vhich were exchanged for nails, knives, ike. A 
 number of very I;irge canoes advanced in the evening, 
 laden with (^oncs, on which the Captain ordered the 
 ftrideft watch to be kept. At length fome canoo 
 came off, which had on board a number of woincn. 
 who being brought ainiod under the fliip, began to 
 
 Eravflife tnofc arts of indelicacy already mentioned, 
 luring this lingular exhibition the large canoes came 
 round the fnip, Ionic of the Indians playing on a kind 
 of a flute, others (inging. and the reft blowing a fort of 
 flu'lls. Soon after a large canoe advanced, in which 
 was an awning; and on the top of it fit one of the na- 
 tivcs, holduig fome yellow and red foaxhers in his 
 hands. The Captain having confenttd to his coming 
 along-fidc, he delivered the feathers, and while a pre- 
 fent was preparing for him, he put back I'rom the ll>ip, 
 and threw the branch of a cocoa-tree in the air. This 
 was, doubtlefs, the (ignal for an onfct, for there w a« an 
 intrant (hout from all the canoes, which, approaching 
 the fliip, poured volleys of (tones into every part ot 
 her. On this two guns, loaded w ith fmall dun, were 
 find, and the people on guard difchamcd theirmufquets. 
 The number of Indians round the (hip were full 2000, 
 and though they were at iirlt difconccrted, they Coon 
 recovered their fpirits, and renewed the attack. Thou- 
 fands of the Indians were now obferved on Ihorc, em- 
 barking as fart as the canoes could bring them olF: 
 orders were therefore given for (iring the cannon, fomc 
 of w hich were brought to bear upon the (liore. This 
 firing put a ftop to all ho(\ilitics on the part of the 
 Indians, for a (mall time; but the fcaitcred canoes foon 
 got together again, and, having hoirted white ftreamers, 
 advanced, and threw ftones of two yound weight from 
 (lings, by w hich a number of the fcamen were woui\d- 
 cd. At this time fevcral canoes approached the bow of 
 the (liip, from whence no (hot had been yet difchargcd. 
 In one of thefe was an Indian, who appeared to have an 
 authority over the re(t, a gun was tncrelbre levelled at 
 his canoe, the (hot of which fplit it in two pieces. 'ITiis 
 put an end to the contcft, the canoes rowed off w ith the 
 utniolV fpccd, and the people on (hore ran and con- 
 cealed themfelves behind the hills. 
 
 After this (l<irmi(h we failed for our intended anchor- 
 ing j-^sce, and moored the fliip within a little dirtance 
 ola line river. Some of our people who had been fent 
 to furvey the Ihorc, returned the next morning with an 
 account that they hail found good fre(h water (produced 
 from the river above-mentioned) but thit there was 
 i 
 
 not a canoe to be feen. Mr. Furncaux was fent the 
 fame day with all the boats, well manned and armed, 
 and a number of marines, having orders to land his 
 men under cover of the fliip and boats. This being 
 accordingly effedted, he turned a piece of turf, and 
 having hoifled a broad pendant upon a flaff, took p*if- 
 fcllion of the iflc for his Britannic majefty, naming it 
 King George the Third's Ifland, Some rum being then 
 mixed with the river-water, the king's health was drank 
 by every perfon prcfent. During the performance of 
 this ceremony, two old men were leen on the oppolite 
 lide. of the river, who put themfelves in a fupplicatinf; 
 pofture, and appeared to be much terrified. On this, 
 the Hnglifli made (igiis to them to crofs the river. One 
 of them obeying the flgnal came over, and crawled on 
 his hands atvd knees towards the lieutenant, wlw (hewed 
 him fome (tones that had oeen thrown at the velfel, but 
 took pains at the fame time, to intimate, that no injury 
 fliouUl be done to the Indians, if they were not the ag- 
 grefUirs. I Ic then cuifed fomc hatchets to be produced, 
 giving the Indian tu undcrlhuid that his people woukl 
 bvglad to exchange them for various kinds ot provilions. 
 Some trifles were alio given to tills old man, who cx- 
 prcflcd his gnitiiude by his gtflme.s. and by dancing 
 rounil the fl.ig-lhifl', but when they faw the peivjant 
 llwkenby the wind, thry ran back, with (igns of fctr 
 and liirpiifc. When they had recovercvl themfelves 
 iVom their fiif.'ht, they brought two hi)gs which they 
 laid down, and began dancing round the pendant as 
 before. The hogs were afterwards put into a canoe, 
 which the old Indian rowed towards the fliip ; and when 
 he came along-lide of her, pronounced a ferious oration, 
 in the courfe of which he delivered a number of plantain 
 leaves, (one at a tjmc, fomcwhat in the manner of the 
 North Americans, clofing their periods with belts of 
 wampum.) After this he rowed back again, refufing 
 at that time to accept of any prefents. The noifc qf 
 drums and other inflruments was heard this night, and 
 the next morning it w;is obferved that the pendant was 
 taken aw.iy, and the natives had quitted the coaR. 
 While thecaflts were filling with water, the old Indian 
 alre-ady mentioned, crofled the river, and brought the 
 I'.nglifli fome Cowhand fruits. At this time ilie Cap- 
 t:iinwasill, but though he uas confined to the vcllcl, 
 lie h.\A remarked from thence by the help of glaflos 
 what v\ as doing on fliore. In the courfe of his obfer- 
 v.itions, he perceived many of the natives creeping 
 behind ihe bufnes towards the watcring-placc, at the 
 fame time that vafl numbers advanced through the 
 W(H)ds. and a large party eame down the hill in view; 
 all tending to the liime quarter. Twodivilions of ca- 
 noes were beCdcs llvn making round the oppolitc (ides 
 of the bay. As the lieutenant had likcwilc obferved 
 the threatened danger, he got his people on boird the 
 boats; previous to which he had fent the old Indian to 
 intimate to his countrymen that the crew wantc4 
 nothing but water, and to prevail on them to keep at a 
 proper dillance whilfl it was lilting; but fo far was this 
 from having the prosier c fleet, that the iflandcrs made a 
 prize of the cafl\s, and thofe at Ibmc diflance Irom the 
 watering-place, went (brward with all expedition, in 
 ordsr to keep pace with the canoes, which rowed along 
 very fw iftly. At the fame time a number of women and 
 children took their flationona hill, which commanded 
 a profpcv't of the fliipping. The canoes drawing near 
 that part of the bay where the vefUl was at anchor, took 
 in many from the fliorc who were hiden with bags filled 
 with flones. Then they rowed towards the iTiip, on 
 which orders were given to lire on the (irft party that 
 approached in the canoes, which being done, the In- 
 dians made ofl' frightened and afloniflied. Captain 
 Wallis being now refolvcd that this aiiUon (hould put an 
 end to all difputcs, incenfed at the behaviour of the 
 natives, commanded his peoiile to fire flrft into the 
 wood, and afterwards towards the hill, whither the 
 iflandcrs had retreated ; when finding at what a dif- 
 tance the guns could reach them, they dif|K'r(i:d and 
 difappcared. Alter this, the boats were lent out, $ 
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Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— ibr making Dlfcoveriej in the Sou THEkN Oci:an,8cc. 265 
 
 who, according to orders, dcftroycd all the Indian 
 canoes which could be met with. At length a fmall 
 party of the natives came to the beach, ftucic up fomc 
 Wall branches of trees, as if for tokens, and then rc- 
 trcatccl to the woods ; however they came agam, and 
 breugi i fome hogs and dogs with their legs tied, which 
 they left on the fliorc, together with a quantity of fuch 
 < loth as they wore, all wh ich they made (igns to the 
 failors to take away. On this, a boat was difpatched 
 which conveyed the hogs on board, but left behind the 
 other articles ; hatchets and nails were alfo dcDofitcd 
 on the beach in return for thcfe prclents, but the Indians 
 would by no means accept them till the cloth was taken 
 away. . 
 
 On S.iturday the 27th, a party bcmg employed in 
 filling water, the old Indian was feen on the oppofitc 
 tide of the river. After having delivered an oration in 
 his manner, he came over, when the officer referred him 
 to the b.igs and ftoncs which had been brought down, 
 and ufed his endeavours to convince him that the 
 Englilh in the late adion had aUcA only from monves 
 of felf defence. The old man. however, fecmcd to 
 think his countrymen much aggrieved, and with grelt 
 openncfs intimated his opinion. However at laft he 
 fuffcrcd himfelf to be reconciled, (hook hands with the 
 lieutenant, and accepted fomc prefents from him. It 
 wag then hinted to him that it would be bell for the 
 people of the ifland to appear only in fmall parties for 
 the future, with which terms the Indian appeared 
 fatisfied, and an advantageous traffic was afterwards 
 ertablilhed with the natives. Matters being thus fettled, 
 the lick were fent on ftiore. ami were lodged, under the 
 care of the fiirgeon, in tents near the watering place. 
 This gentleman (hooting a wild duck, it dropped on 
 the oppofitc fide of the river, in the prefence of fomc 
 Indians, who fled diredlyj but ftopping within a (hort 
 fpacc, one of them was at laft perluadcd to bring the 
 ifuck over, which he laid at the furgeon's feet, but, at 
 the fame time, the agitation of his mind was vifibic in 
 his .ountenance. Three ducks were killed by a fecond 
 (hot, and the natives were by this time poflencd with 
 fiich a notion of the elFeifls of fire arms, as whilft it 
 raifed their admiration, was fuppofed to contribute in 
 a great nuafure to their good behaviour towards the 
 Englilh diiring their ftay in thcfe parrs, though there 
 might be another reafon affigned for this before their 
 departure, as will be apparent in the fequ';l. The gun- 
 ner was now appointed to manage all affairs of trade 
 between the Indians and the failors, in order to prevent 
 quarrelling and pilfering. This was a judicious choice ; 
 the natives fometimes Hole certain trifles, but imme- 
 diate rcftitution was made On the light of a gun. Be- 
 lidcs, the old Indian m.ide himfelf very ferviceablc in 
 recovering any thing that might have been taken away. 
 In particular, an Indian fwam one day over the river, 
 and pilfered a hatchet, on which the gunner making 
 preparations, as if he meant to go in fearch of him, the 
 goods «-erc reflored by the old man's means, and the 
 oircndcr was alfo delivered up 10 the gunner. Though 
 he had romrr.itted other roljlnrits, yet the Captain dif- 
 charged him ; and all his punilhment conlifted in his 
 terrible apprrhenfions. Being rellored to his country- 
 men, he was condudtcd to the woods in the midft of 
 their fhouts ofapplaufc. This man had the gratitude 
 to bring a roafted hog and fome bread fruit to the gun- 
 ner next day, as an acknowledgement for the lenity 
 (hewn him. The Captain, firfl lieutenant, and purfer, 
 wei -■ at this time very ill ; fo tliat the charge of the 
 velfel, and the care of the fick, wrre comnJtted to Mr. 
 Furneauv, the fecond lieutenant, who difoharged his 
 duty with zeal and fidelity; and fruit, fowls, and frefh 
 
 !;ork, were procured in fuch plenty that at the end of 
 burteen days almolt every man had pcrfet'tly recovered 
 his he.iih. A piece of fait petre, of the (i/.e of a fmall 
 egg, iiH'^ been found on the 25th on the (hore; but 
 whcth'^r it w: brought from the (hip or not, could not 
 be icarri^^xi, ..I'vithe moft diligent enquiry; but how- 
 ever, no other piece was found. On the 2nd of July, 
 vc began to want fruit and frelh meat, owing to the 
 No. 32. 
 
 
 abfcncc of the old Indian, but \»c had ftill a fufficient 
 fupply for the (ick. On the 3rd, the fliip's bottom 
 was examined, when its condition Was found to be- 
 nearly the fame as when (he left England. This day a 
 (hark was caught, which proved an atceptable prefcnt 
 to the natives. The old Indian, who had vifited the 
 interior parts of the ifland in queft of provilions, re- 
 turned on the 5th, and brought with him a roalled hog 
 as a prefent fiir the Captain, who in return, gave him 
 a looking.glafs, an iron pot, &c. His return was foon 
 followed by fomc of the natives, who had ncvir yet 
 vifited the market, and who brought fomc hogs that 
 were larger than any yet purchafed. Another fort of 
 traffic was now elfablilhcd between the Indian giiis 
 and the failors. The price of a female's favour:, was a 
 nail or two ; but as the leamen could not always get at 
 the nails, they drew them out of fcveral parts of the 
 Ihip; nor could the oflenders be difcovcred b)' the 
 lyrietcft enquiry. The damage done to the VLdi 1 might 
 have been ealily irp^ired ; but a worfe C(mre-]uencc 
 arofe from this traliic ; for on the gunner's oH'i'iing 
 fmall nails for hogs, the Indians produced large fpikt a,' 
 demanding fuch as thofe. Some of tlje men made ufi; 
 of a particular device to gratify their paffions ; for when 
 they could procure no more nails, they cut lead into 
 the (liapc of them, and paffcA thofe pieces on their 
 unful|)ecting paramours. When the Indians difcover- 
 ed the (iauci, they demanded nails for the lead ; but 
 this jull demand could not be granccd, becaufc it would 
 have promoted the ftealing of lead, and likcwife in- 
 jured the traliic with iron. In confequcnce of their 
 connection with the women, the failors became fo im- 
 patient of coiitroul, that the articles of war were read, 
 to aw'e them into obedience ; and a corporal of marines 
 was feverely piinifhed, for ftriking the matter at arms. 
 The Captain's health being nearly rellored, he went in 
 his boat to (urvcy the ifland, which he found extreme- 
 ly delightfiil, and ever)' where wt^l peopled, 
 
 ()n Wednefday the 8th, the wood-cutters wcreen- 
 tert.iined in a friendly manner by certain Indians, who 
 feemed to be of a rank above thofe they had yet fecn, 
 and I'ome ol thcfe vifiting the Captain, he laid before 
 them a thirty-fix-fhilling piece, a guinea, a crown- 
 piece, a dollar, fome (hillings, (bine new half-pence, 
 and t"(> lar^c nails, intimating that they might take 
 their choice, when they eagerly fcized the nails, and 
 then took a ttw half-pence, but left all the other pie<es 
 untcniched. The Indians now rcfufed to fupply the 
 market, unlefs they coulil get large nails in exchanife : 
 the Captain therefore ordered the fliip to be fearched, 
 when it was found that almolt all the hammock-nails 
 were llolen, and great numbers drawn from different 
 places; on which every man was ordered befoie the 
 Captain, who told them, that not a man (hould go 
 on Ihorc tili the thieves were difcovcred ; but no good 
 confequcnce arofe from his threats, at that time. 
 Three days after, the gunner conduced to the (hip a 
 lady of an agreeable face, and portly mcin, whofc age 
 (itemed to be upwards of forty. This lady had but 
 lately arrived In that part of the ifland, and the gunner 
 obferving that flie feemed to have great authority, pre- 
 fentcd her with fome toyg. on which flie invited him 
 to her houfe, and gave him fome fine hogs. She was 
 afterwards taken on board, ar her own defire. Her 
 whole behaviour (hewed her to lie a woman of fine 
 fenfe and fuperior ra.ik ; the Captain prefentcd her 
 with a looking-glafs and Ic'me toys, and gave her a 
 handfome blur r^antlc, which hi tied ri."nd her w ith 
 ribbands. As (he then i.itima'.d that flu- (hould be 
 glad to fee him on Oior.:, he (ignified his intention of 
 vifiting her the next day. Accordingly, on Saturday 
 the 1 2th, Captain Wallis went on (liore, where flie met 
 him, attended by a numerous retinue, fomcofwhoia 
 flie dircdcd to carry the Captain, and others who'had 
 been ill, over the river, and from thence to her habi- 
 tation, and the proccflion was clofed by a guard of 
 marines and feanien. As they advanced, a great num- 
 ber of Indians crowded to fee them; but, on a flight 
 motion of her hand, they made room for the proc ef- 
 3 X fiqn 
 
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t66 VOYAGES R O U N D the W O ft. L D Complete. 
 
 
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 fum lo paA. When they drew near her dwelling, many 
 perlbns of both fcxes advanced to meet her, whom 
 (he caufcd to kifs the Capuin's hand, while (he i\gnificd 
 that they were related to her. Her houfe was 330 feet 
 in length, and about 40 in breadth. The roof, which 
 was covered with the leaves of p:alm-trc(.', wat fupportcd 
 by a row of pillars on each (ide, and another m the 
 middle. The highell part of the thatch on the infide, 
 was JO feet from the ground, and the (pace between the 
 fides of the building and the edge of the roof, which 
 was about 1 2 feet, was left open. The Captain, lieute- 
 nant, and purfer, being feated, the lady helped four 
 of her female attendants to pull o(f the gentlemens 
 coats, (hoes, and (lockings, which was aukwardly pcr- 
 fornird ; the girls however fmoothcd down the (kin, 
 and rubbed it lightly with their hands for more than 
 half an hour. I'ne lurecon, being heated with walk- 
 ing, having pulled off his wig, one of the Indians 
 fcreamed out, and the eyes of the whole company were 
 inftantly (ixed on the wonderful fight, and they remained 
 for Tome time (ixcd in furprize. After this, the queen 
 ordered feveral bales of cloth to be brought out, which 
 were the produce of the country, which were now dcf- 
 tined for the drcfs of the Captain and his attendants. 
 It was intended that the Captain (hould be carried as 
 he had been b.-tb,c, but as he re(ufcd the offer, the queen 
 walked arm in arm with him, and lifted him like an 
 infant over fuch wet and dirty places as they came to 
 in their way. She gave him a (ow big with young, and 
 took her leave when (he had attended him to the beach, 
 'i'he gunner being difjpacched to wait on her the next 
 (iay *t ith a prrfent of bill-hooks, hatchety, &c. found 
 her bulled in entertaining fome hundreds of the Indians 
 who were regularly fcatcd round her. She ordered a 
 r itfito be provided for the gunner, which he found to 
 be very agreeable, and fuppofed to be fowls and apples 
 cut fmall, and mixed with fait water. The provmons 
 uhich were dinributcd by the queen, were ferved in 
 cocoa-fhclls, which her fervants brought in a fort of 
 trays. This lady took her feat fomcuhat above the 
 icii of the company, and when they were fupplied, was 
 fcJ by two women fervants, (landing on each (ide of 
 her. It was obfervcd that flic received the Captain's 
 prcfcnts with an air of great fatiifadion, and the fupply 
 of provifions brought to market was now greater than 
 ever, but the prices were raifcd, in a great meafure 
 owing to the commerce between the Englilh feamenand 
 the women of the Ifland, of which we have taken notice ; 
 for which reai'un, belides the orders given for retraining 
 the people belonging to the crew from going on (hore, 
 it was alfo thought proper to prohibit any women from 
 pafling the river. 
 
 On Tucfday the 14th of this month, the gunner be- 
 ing on (horc, difcovcrcd a woman on the cppofite fide 
 of the river, who fcemed to be weeping in a moft 
 piteous manner. Perceiving that he feemed to take 
 notice of her apparent diftrcis, (he (en' -a youth to hin, 
 who having made a long or7.tion, laid :. branch ol plaii- 
 uin at his feet, after which \ : went to fetch th( woman, 
 and alfo brought two hogi with him. The youth now 
 made a lone fpecch, anH, in the end, t*.< sninner was 
 
 i riven to underhand that 1 n h\ifk:.yd and tniee of her 
 ons, had been killed w hi n the c.ngli(h fir. ' r n the 
 Itidians as above relate* ' She fell fpccchl -so the 
 ground after (he had told h -r tale of woe, anc' two lads 
 that attended her. fecnici alfo to be much affcded. 
 The gunner feeing her dillreficd fituation endeavoured 
 to confole ^cr, and at laft ^J" became a little calmer, 
 offered hlni her hand, and uiretled the hogs to be given 
 him, nor would (he accept any thing in return for her 
 prelcnt. \ latgc party rowed round the ifland in their 
 boats on the 1 5th. in order to take a view of it, and to 
 purchafc provifions. Returning, they brought with 
 them a number of hogs and fuwli, and (ome cocoa-nuts. 
 They found the ifland to be picafant, and abounding 
 with the necclTaries of life, and faw a great number of 
 canoes, feveral of which were not quite finiftied. The 
 natives tools were formed of bunes, ftones, and ftiells. 
 No other four-Jootcd beaft* but dogs and hogs, were 
 
 I 
 
 l-en. The inhabitants ate all their meat either baked 
 or roaded, as they neither had any vclTel wherein water 
 could be boiled, nor feemed to entertain an idea that it 
 could be heated by (ire fo as to anfwer any ufeful pur- 
 pofe. One morning, when the lady we have mentioned 
 was at breakfaft, an Indian that attended her having 
 obferved the cock of an urn turned, to (ill a tea-pot, 
 he alip turned the cock, when the fcalding water falling 
 upon hii hand, he cried out and jumped about the 
 cabin, while the Indiaru were equally furprifed and 
 terrilied at the circumftance. The Captain r^^c-i 'ed 
 another vifit fium the queen on the 1 7th, and the lame 
 day a great quantity of provifions was purchafcd 
 of fome of the natives, whom we had never before 
 dealt with. The next day the queen repeated her vifit, 
 and nuule the Capuin a prefent of two hogs, and the 
 mafter attending her home, the cloathed him in the 
 drefi of the country, as (he had done the Captain and 
 his retinue. Our provi(ioiis received an incrcafe on the 
 19th, by the gunner's fending on board a number of 
 hogs and pigs, and abundance of fowls and fruits which 
 he had purchafed in the country. At this time an 
 order was made rhat none of the failors fliould be 
 allowed togoon C^re, except ihofe that were appointed 
 to procure wood. wa;er, or other iieccfTarics. 
 
 On Tuefday the 31 (I, the queen came again to vifit 
 Capain Wallis, and prefented him with fome hogs. 
 She likewife invited the Captain to her houfe, wlio 
 attended her home with fome of his officers. She tied 
 wreaths of plaited hair round their huts, and on the 
 Captain's flie put a tuft of feathers of various colours, 
 by way of diftinilion. She came back with them as 
 far as the water-fide on their return, and ordered fome 
 prefents to be put into the boat at their departure. 
 Captain Wallis having intimated before they put off, 
 that he (hould leave the ifland in fcvcn da}s tinic, flic 
 made figns that flie wiflied him to flay 20 Jays ; but he 
 repeating his refolution, (he burflcd into a flood of tears. 
 We were now (b well ftored with hogs and poultry, 
 that our decks were covered with them, and as the men 
 were more inclined to eat fruit than meat, they were 
 killed fafler than had been intended. The Captain 
 prefented his friend the old Indian with fome cloth and 
 other articles, and fent a number of things to the queen. 
 among which were a cat with kitten, turkics, geefe, 
 hens, and feveral forts of garden feeds. This compli- 
 ment was returned by a prefent of fruit and hogs. 
 Peafe and other European Icxk were fowed here, and 
 the Capuin ftaid loiu; cnc Jgh to fee thrm come up, 
 andtoobferve tha: tncy were likely to J/ive in th<' 
 coumty. 
 
 Ol? ilje 2 jth, a party was fent on (hore in o der to 
 examine the country, ani a tent was crcdcd for th . 
 purpofeofobfervi! g til ec.:{.fcof the fun. When it 
 was ended, the Captain took his tclefcope to the queen, 
 ivho (hewed a furprife fcarcely to be expreflTcd. on dif- 
 covering (everal obje<!ls with whicd (he was well 3- 
 quainted, but wh.-.h were too difUttt to be fecii with- 
 out the help of a glafs. He afterwards invited her and 
 her retinue to com*" c n board the fliip, where an elegant 
 dinner was prcj. c* of which all but the queen ate 
 heartily -, but (he would neither eat nor drink. On 
 the return of the v iity from their excurfion, the queen 
 was landed wir' I Ik..- train. The Captain dill keeping 
 in the fame m.;io as to the time of his departure, ihc 
 wept 'gain on being informed of his refolution. Our 
 people, who had been fent out this day, • % p-irtcd, ih..^ 
 on their firft landing they called on the ol'l (ndian, and 
 took him into their company, walking fome on one 
 fide of the river, and fome on the other, till the 'ground 
 rifing almoft perpendicular, they were all < ,)ii ,ii to 
 walk on one lide. On the borders >f the vallc, ic.roiigh 
 which the river flowed, the f( 1 v> js b. i. k, and there 
 were feveral houfes with walled ganlcns, anJ plenty of 
 fowls and hogs. In many 'ihces channels were rut to 
 condudl the water from tl. • Hills to the plantations. 
 No underwood was found be. c.^ih the tiers, but there 
 was Roodgrafs; the bread-fruit and apple-titrs were 
 fct ill rows upon the hill«, and ihectroa lutgrew upon 
 
 the 
 
 /).*,#'; 
 
Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 267 
 
 the lerel ground. The ftreams now meandered through 
 varioui windings, and the crag« of mountains hung over 
 the travellcn heads. When they had walked about 
 four miles they refted, and began their breakfall under 
 •n apple>tree. At this time they were alarmed by a 
 loud (hout from a number of the native}. On this 
 they were going to betake themfelves to their arms, 
 but the old Indian made (igns that they (hould fit (till. 
 He then went to his countrymen, and it was prcfently 
 obferved that they became nlent and withdrew. They 
 afterwards returned, bringing with them feme rcfrclh- 
 ments, in exchange for which they received buttons and 
 other tritlcs from the lieutenant. The party then 
 
 Eroceeded, looking everv where for metals and ores, 
 ut found nothing of that fort worth attending to. 
 And now the old Indian being tired, gave his Englilh 
 companions to underftand tliat he was dcfiious of re- 
 turnmg^ but he did not leave them till he had given 
 diredions to the Indians to clear the way over a moun- 
 tain. After his departure his countrymen cut branches 
 from the trees, and laid them in a ceremonious man- 
 ner at the feet of the feamen ; they then painted them- 
 felves red with the berries of a tree, ami ftained their 
 garments yellow with the bark of another. By the af- 
 liilance of thefe people, the moll difficult parts of the 
 mountains were clmibed, and they agam rcfrcfhvd 
 themfelves at its fummit, when they faw other moun- 
 tains fo much above them, that they feenied as in a 
 valley. Towards the fea. the profpcdt was inexprcflibly 
 bc.iutiful, the (ides of the hills being covered witn 
 trees, ami the valleys with grafs, while the whole country 
 W.1S iiitcrfperfed with villages. They faw but few 
 houl'es on the mountains above them, but as fmoke was 
 obferved in many places, it Was conjeClurcd, that the 
 higheft were inhabited. Many (prmes gufhed from 
 the fides of the mountains, all of Whicn were covered 
 with wood on the fides and with fern on the fummit. 
 The foil even on the high land was rich, and the fugar 
 cane grew without cultivation; as did hkcwife tur- 
 meric and ginger. Having a third time refrelhed 
 themfelves, they dcfcended towards the fliip, occaiion- 
 ally deviating from the dircft way, tempted by the 
 pleafant fituation of feveral houfes, the inhabitants of 
 wiiich entertained them in the moft hofpitable manner. 
 They faw parrots, parroquets, green doves, and ducks. 
 The lieutenant planted the Rones of cherries, peaches 
 and plumbs, feveral kinds of garden feeds, and oranges, 
 lemons and limes. In the afternoon they refted on a 
 delightful fpot, where the inhabitants drtfTed them two 
 hogs and feveral fowls. Here they ftaid till evening, 
 when they rewarded the diligence of their guides, and 
 repaired to the (hip. 
 
 On the 26th, the Captain was vifitcd by the queen 
 with her ufual prefents, and this day we difcontmued 
 taking in wo;k1 and water, and prepared for failing. A 
 greater nuiwbcr of Indians now came to the fea-fliore, 
 than we had ever yet fccn ; and of thefe feveral appeared 
 to he i^rfons of copfcquence. In the afternoon the 
 q\iecn vilited Captain Wallis, and folicited him to 
 nmain ten days longer; but being informed that he 
 fliouid . irtainly fpil on the following day, (he burft into 
 tears. She now demanded when he would come again, 
 and wa.s told in 50 days j Ihc remained on board till 
 evening, when being informed that the boat waited 
 for her, Ihe wept with more violcm e than flie had yet 
 done. At length this affeiiiionate woman went over 
 the fliip's (idc, as did the old Indian who had been fo 
 (erviccabic to the crew. This man had ftgnifieH that 
 his fon fhculd fail with the Captain ; but wh .n 1 lie tunc 
 came the youth «as not to be foiinJ, froii. whence it 
 was coiicluiled that parent il atVcdion hai.. caufi'd the 
 old man ro forfeit his word. The next ri "•niiij» eai ly 
 two boats were fen to fill a tew calks ot ivatt'r ; but 
 the ofKcer, alaii.ml at lindinj^ the (hore ennded with 
 the natives, prepared to return. This oc( .liioned the 
 queen to come iorwai\l, who ordered the Indians to 
 retire to the other fide of the river, after which fhe 
 made (igui for the bo.us to come on llwi\. While 
 they were (illing the water ll.t oukicJ fomc paimts to 
 
 be put into the boat, and earnellly delired to go o.icc 
 more to the (hip, but the officer being ordcrra not to 
 bring olF a (ingle native, (he ordered her double canoe 
 out, and was followed by many others. When flw had 
 been on board for an hour, weeping and lamenting, wc 
 took advantage of a fre(h breeze, and got under fail. 
 She now embraced t he captain and officers, and left the 
 (hip ; but as the wind fell, the canoes put back, and 
 reached the (liip again, to which the queen's was made 
 fad, and advancing to the bow of it (he there renewed 
 her lamentations. Captain Wallis prefented her w ith 
 feveral articles of ufe and ornament, all which (he re- 
 ceived in mournful fllence. The breeze fpringing up 
 again, the queen and her attendants took their final 
 leave, and tears were (hed on both fides. 
 
 The place were the (hiphad lain at anchor, was called 
 Port Royal Harbour, and is fituate in 1 7 dcg. jo min. 
 of fouth lat. and t jo deg. of well long. 
 
 The following are the particulars we have fcledled of 
 the cuftoms, manners, &c. of the people of Otaheitc. 
 With regard to their flature, the men arc from five feet 
 feven to five feet ten inches high, the ftandard of the 
 women, in general, near three mches (horter, the tallcft 
 among them being about (ive feet fcvcii inches, they 
 were moflly handfome, and fome of them are defcribed 
 as being really beautiful. The complexion of fuch of 
 the men as are much employed on the water is reddifh, 
 but their natural colour is what u called tawny. Ihe 
 colour of their hair is not like that of the Ea(l Indians 
 and Americans, black, but is diverfificd like that of the 
 Europeans, having among them bhck. browni red, 
 and flaxen ; mod of the children having the latter : 
 when loofe, it has a ftrong natural curl, but it is ufually 
 worn tied in two bunches, one on each (idc the head, 
 or in a (ingle bunch in the middle. They anoint the 
 head with the oil of the cocoa-nut, mixed u ich a root of 
 a fragrant fmell. The women, as we have before obferved, 
 do not coniider chaflity as a virtue, for they not only 
 readily and openly trafficked with our people for pcr- 
 fonal favours, but were brought down by their fathers 
 and brothers for the purpofe of proftitution : they were, 
 however, confcious of the value of beauty ; and the (izc 
 of the nail that was demanded for the enjoyment of the 
 lady, was always in proportion to her charms. When 
 a man offered a girl to the carefTcs of a failor, he (hew cd 
 a dick of the fizeof the nail that was to purchafc her 
 company; and if our people agreed, (lie v. as fentovcr 
 to them, for our feamen were not permitted tocrofs the 
 river. 
 
 Their cloaths are formed of two pieces of cloth, 
 made of the bark of a (Imib, and not unlike coarfe china 
 paper. In one of them a hole is made for the head to 
 pafs through, and this hangs down to the middle of the 
 leg, from the (houlders tx)th before and behind ; the 
 other piece which is between four and five y.-irds long, 
 and nearly one broad, they wrap round lisc bo.ly, and 
 the whole forms an eafy, decent, and trac-ful ^Irefs. 
 They adorn themfelves with flowers, fo 'hts, li.clls, 
 and pearls. The lad are worn chiefly by the women j 
 the Captain purchafcd two dozen of a fmall lize and 
 
 Pood coloifr, but they were all fpoiled by boring. Mr. 
 urncaux faw feveral, in his excurfion to the weft, but 
 he could purchafe none with any thing he had to offer. 
 It is a univcrfal cuftom with both fexes, to mark the 
 hinder part of their thighs and loins with black lines in 
 various forms. This is done by (Iriking the teeth of an 
 indrumcnt, fomcwhat like a comb, jud through the 
 (kin, and rubbing into the pundurcs a kind of paf»c 
 made of foot ana oil, which leaves ao indelible (tain. 
 The boys and girls under twelve years of age arc 
 not marked, but we faw a few men whofe legs were 
 punduated, and thefe appeared to be pcrfons of dif- 
 tindtion. 
 I One of the principal attendants on the queen, wan 
 'Tiiich more difpofed to imitate our m.nnncrs than the 
 reft; and our people, with whom he foon became a fa- 
 vourite, diftinguilhed him by the name of Jonathan. 
 Ihis man Mr. Furneaux clothed completely in an Eng- 
 lilh drcfs, and It became him extremely w ,1. As". 
 
 WW 
 
 
£68 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND tJ.c WORLD C o m p i f t r. 
 
 j 
 
 i 
 
 ij 
 
 v': 
 
 was lluwl water at the landing place, our oHkcrs were 
 tarrietl by the inJians on flioro, anil Jonathan, airiiminj; 
 ttatcwith his new liiiery, uouiiJ btMurricil by fiinic ot 
 his people in the fame manner. In attempting to ul'c 
 a knit'canJ tiirkat meals, at lirll his hand always came 
 to his mouth, and the vichiaU, on the end ot the fork, 
 went a« ay to his ear. Ik-lides the articles alreaily men- 
 tioned, thefe people cat the Hefli of doas. Kats abound 
 in the illami, but, as far aswc could diUovcr, they make 
 no oart oV their food. In their rivers arc good talU-d 
 niiillets, but they are neitlier large nor in plenty. On 
 the reef are <ray-(ilh, lonths, niufcles, and other Ihell- 
 fifli, which they gather at low water, and cat raw with 
 broad fruit before they come on lliorc. At a fmall dif- 
 tinic from heme, they catch with lines, and hooks of 
 mother of pearl, parrot-filli, groo|iers, and many other 
 forts, of which they arc fo fonil, that wc could fcldcin 
 |)revaii upon them to fell u.sa few at any price. Their 
 nets are iifaii enormous fi/e, with very fmall mcflies, 
 with which they catch abundance of the fmall fry; 
 but while they were uling both nets and lines with great 
 fucccfs, w e could not catch a fingic filh w ith either ; not 
 even with their hooks and lines, ibmc of which we had 
 prociuvd, 
 
 'llKn,.uincrinwhich they drcfs their food isfomcwhat 
 fmgular. Tluy full kindle a fire by rubbing the end ol 
 one pieceof di) wimkI towther.in thefamc manneras our 
 carpenters wlut a chidel. Having alfoduga pit about 
 hall a tout ilicp, and two or three yards in circumfer- 
 ence, thc\ pave the bottom with large jKbble (lones, 
 laid down fiiuvith and even, and then kindle a fire in it 
 witli dr\ wcMid, Icavei, and the hulks of the cocai-niir. 
 When the Hones are fufticiently heated, they takeout the 
 einbcis, and rake up the allies on every lidc; then they 
 ciner the Hones with a layer of green cocoa-nut tree 
 leaves, am! wrap up the animal that is to be drelTcd 
 in the leaves of the plaintain : if a fmall hog tluy w rap 
 it lip uiiiiie, if a large one they fplit it. Wiicn it is 
 placed in the pit, they cover it w ith the hot cniheis, and 
 i.iy upon them bread-fruit and yams, which are alio 
 wrapped up in the leaves of the plaintain: over thefe 
 the) fpiead the remainder of the cnibers, mixing among 
 them Ibme of the hot Hones, with more leaves upon 
 thciii, and laftly, to keep the heat in, they clofc .ill up 
 with earth. After a time projwrtioncd to the li/c of 
 what is drelling, the oven is opened, and theme.it taken 
 out, which is teniler, full of gravy, and, iu the opiniDii 
 (il Captain Watlis, licttcr in every refpcCt than that 
 which is drelfed in the Kuropean manner. Theironly 
 fauces arc fruit and fait water j and their knivci are 
 made ot lliells, with which they carve very dexieroully, 
 always viitting t'lom them. They were greatly allo- 
 nilhcd when they law meat boiled in a |X)t by our gun- 
 ner, who, while he prefided over the market, ufcd to 
 dine on lliorc; but trom the time that the old man was 
 in jxiHcHion of an iron pot, he, and his friends, had 
 boiled meat every day. The iron pots which the Cap- 
 tain gave to the queen, were alfo conftantly in uff . The 
 onlv liijuor thefe i)eople have for drinking, is water; and 
 they are ignorant of the art of fermenting the juice of 
 any vegetable, to as to give it an intoxicating quality. 
 It is true they octalionally pluck and chew pieces of the 
 fugar cane, but have no idea of extrading any fpirit 
 from it. 
 
 By the fears, with which many of thefe people arc 
 marked, it feems evident, that they fomctimcs engaged 
 in war with each other. Thcreiiuins of wounds that 
 were vilible appeared to be made with ttones, blud- 
 geons, or other blunt weapons. That they have (kill 
 III furgcry, the following inftancc afforded us fufficicnt 
 proof Oncof our failors, when on fliore, had a large 
 fplinter run into his foot, and his niefTmate tried in vain 
 to extrait it with i pen-knife. The old Indian, who hap- 
 pened to be prefcnt, called over one of his countrymen, 
 who was Handing on the oppofite fide of the river, w ho, 
 having examined the Teaman's foot, went immediately 
 down to the beach, and taking up a (hell, broke it to a 
 point with his teeth ; with this inftrument he laid open 
 the place, and drew out the fplinter. In the meaii time 
 th:: old man repaired io a w ood, «nd returned with feme 
 
 3 
 
 gum ot the applc-trcc, and, having fpread it upon a 
 piece ol cloth, applied it to the u<Hind, which, in two 
 ilay* tiiiK', was |)crfc>;lly healed. Our fun^eon af» 
 terwaids ufed this vulnerary balfam with grrtu fuc 
 lefs. In this illand arc feveral llieds encloleuwithin a 
 wall, and the aiea is generally paved with targe ruiiiut 
 Hoiiesj but it appeared not to be much trodden, (or the 
 gials grew every w here between them. On the outdjc 
 ol the wall were leveral rude figures reli:mbling men, 
 women, hogs and dogs, carved on polls, that were 
 Ijxed in the ground. We do luit think thele places arc 
 let apart tiir religious worOiip, of which we could not 
 difcoN er the leaH traces amonu thefe people ; but w e con- 
 jecture thev may be repolitories of the dead, for we law 
 many of the nattvA enter them, with a (low pace and 
 dejected countenance. 
 
 They have three kinds of canoes. One are formed 
 out of tingle trees, ufed chicHy (or (ilhing, and carry 
 from two to lix men. We faw many of thefe upon the 
 reef A fccond fort arc made of planks fewed neatly 
 together, and large enough to hold (brty men. Two o( 
 them are generally lathed together, having two malls 
 fet up between them; but, if fingle, they have an out- 
 rigger on one Tiile, and only one mart in the middle. 
 
 I hey fail in thefe beyond the light of land, probably to 
 other illands, and bring home piaintains, banaiws, and 
 otherfruiis. A third Kind, not unlike the gondolas of 
 Venice, ate intended principally for lliew, ami ufed by 
 parties of pleafure. Thefe are very large, but have not 
 any (ails. The middle is covered with a large awning, 
 and fome of the people tit U|)on it and fome under it. 
 On thelirll ami iVcoiul day alter our nrn\al, fome of 
 thele vellels came ucar thetliipi but al'ienvards we only 
 f,iw, three or Inur tunes a week, a piocellion ol eight 
 or ten of them p.illinj; at adillaiice, with Iheameis tly- 
 iiig.aml a great niimberof fmall canoe; attending them. 
 
 rtiey frcmieiitly lowed to the uutwanl poiiit ot a nxf, 
 that lay about tour mills to the wcllwaid of us, where 
 tiiey conlinm-d about an hour and then returneil. 'I'lltfc 
 pioccllions arc made only in line weather, and on fuch 
 uccalions the 4)cii])le on board are dielled; thouj;,h in 
 the other canovs, they have nothing but a piece of cloth 
 wrapped round the middle. 'Ihofc in the large ca- 
 niH-s, who rowed and Itccrcd, were drelled in white; 
 ihofe who fat upon t!;c a'.uiing and under it,in white and 
 red; anil two men, wliu wore mounted on the prow of 
 each vein I, in red only. 'I'hc plank of thele \ elicit i« 
 made by Ipliituig a tree, with the grain, into as iii.iny 
 thin pieces as vhey can. The tree is tirll felled with ii 
 kiiidof hatchet, or adze, made of a hard grctnilh Hone, 
 fitted very completely into a handle: it is then cut into 
 Inch lengths, as arc required li>r the plank, one end of 
 which is heated till it begins to crack, and il.en with 
 wedges of hard w(xkI they fplit it down: lome of thefe 
 planks are two feet broad, and from i 5 to 2U feet long. 
 They fminith them with adzes of the fame materials 
 and conllruCtion, but of a fmaller (izc. We law tix or 
 eight men fumetimcs at work ujwn the fame plank, aiul, 
 as their tools fiM)n lofc their edge, every man has by hint 
 a cocoa-nut thcll tilled with water, and a Hat Hone, 
 whereon he tliarpcns his adze aliiioH every minute. 
 The planks are generally brought to the thicknefs of 
 about an inch, and are afterwards titted to the boat with 
 the fame exact nefs as would be expci.'ted from an expeit 
 joiner. To fallen thefe planks together, holes are bored, 
 through which a kind of plaited cordage is palled, but 
 our nails anfwcrcl the purpofe of fallening them toge. 
 ther much bett> r. '''('he fcams are caulked with dried 
 rulhes, and the whfilcoutlidcof the canoe is paid with 
 a gummy fubrtance, produced from their trees, aiul 
 which is fubHituted in the rotim of pitch. The wood 
 which they ufc for tlu-ir large canoes, is that ot the ap- 
 ple tree; which grows very large and Hrail. Many of 
 thefe HKafured near eight leet in the girth, and from 
 twenty to forty in the branches, with very little diminu- 
 tion in the lize. Their fmall canoes are nothing more 
 than the hollowed trunks of the bread-fruit-tree, which 
 is Hill more light and fpongy. The trunk of this tree 
 is lix lectin girth. 
 
 In the opinion of Captain Waltis, this ifland of Ota- 
 
 heite 
 
Captain WALLIS'i VOYAtJC— for making Dilcovctka In the 5o07 hern Ockau.&c. i6() 
 
 nd of Ota- 
 heite 
 
 heite it one of the liion healthy iii well as dchj^htful 
 hxKi in the world. The diniaic appcan to be very 
 oood.and we faw no appearance of difcalc anions the 
 nativei. The hilU are covered with woi)d,and il»c val- 
 leys with hertMge. The air in general i* (o pure, that, 
 notwithlbnding tht he«t, our Helh meat kept very well 
 twodayi.and our Alt) one. We met with mi lro}{, toad, 
 fcorpion, centipietl, or ferpent, of any kind; and the 
 only troublcfomc infetiUthat wc faw were ants, ol which 
 thert were but few. The fouth-eall part ol the illand 
 fecnufobe better cultivated and inhabited than where 
 we lay, for we faw every day boati come round from 
 thence laden with plantainsi and other fruiu. While wc 
 lay off thii ifland, the benefit we received, with refpcd 
 to the (hip'i company, wa« beyond our moll fanguine 
 cxpcdationi, for we had not now an invalid aboard, 
 except the two lieutenanu, and the captain, and they 
 were recovering, though Hill in a feeble condition. 
 
 Many aflertiont have been advanced with rcfpciil to 
 the firft introducer* of the venereal difeafc into thin 
 ifland. " It it certain, (obferves Captain VVallis) that 
 none of our people contratled the vctica-al difcalc here, 
 and therefore, a* they had free commerce with jgrcat 
 numbers of the women, there is the gretitcll probability 
 that it was not then known in the countrv. It wa*. 
 however, found here by Captain Cook in the I£ndcay. 
 our, and as no European veffel it known to have vi- 
 fited this ifland before Captain Cook's arrival, but the 
 Dolphin, and the Boudcule and Etoil, rominandcd by 
 M. Bougainville, the reproach of liav. ig contaminate j 
 with that dreadful pert, a race of happy people, to w hoiu 
 ' its miferies had till then been unknown, mull be due 
 either to him or to me, to England or to France : and 
 I think myfelf happy to be able to exculpate m)lclt' 
 and my countrv beyond a pollibilitv of a doubt. Ic is 
 well known, tnat the furgeon on board his majcfly's 
 fhips keep* a till of the pcrfont who are flck on board, 
 fpecifying their difeafes, and the times when they came 
 under his care, and when they were difchargcd. It 
 happened that I was once at the pay table on board a 
 fliip, when fevcral failors obiected to the payment of 
 the furgeon, allcdging. th.-it although he had difcharged 
 them from the lilt, and reported them to be cured, yet 
 their cure was incomplete. From this time it has been 
 my conflant practice when the furgeon re|Jortcd u man 
 tobecured, who had been upon the fick lift, tn cull the 
 man before me, and a(k him whether the report was 
 true: if he allcdgcd that any fymptotna of his com- 
 
 flaint remained, I continued him uion thelifl; if not, 
 required him, as a contirnution of tnc furgcon's report, 
 to iign the book, which was always done in my pre- 
 fence. A copy of the lick lid on board the Dolphin, 
 during this voyage, figned by every nun in my pre- 
 fcnce, when he was difcharged well, in confirmation of 
 the furgeon 's report, written in my own hand, and con- 
 firmed Dy my alHdavit. I have depoiited in the admi- 
 ralty t by which it appears, that the laft man on boird 
 the fhip, in her voyage outward, who was upon the fi:k 
 lifl for the venereal Jifcafc, except one who was fent to 
 England in the flore Ihip, was difcharged cured, and 
 figned the book on the 37th of December 1766, iK-ur fix 
 months before our arrival at Otahciti which was on the 
 19th of June 1 767 i and that the firfl man who was upon 
 the lift ror that difeafc, in our return home, was entered 
 on the 26th of February 1 768. lix months after wc left 
 the ifland, which w as on the 26th of July 1 767 > fo that 
 the (hip's company vvas intirtly free fourteen months 
 within one day, the very middle of which time wc fpent 
 at Otaheite; and the man who was<<ir(t entered as a ve- 
 nercal 'patient, in our return home, was known to have 
 contracted the difeafc at the Cape of Good Hope, where 
 we then lay." 
 
 The old Indian, who had been fo ufeful in carrying on 
 an intercourfe with the natives, had often intimated, 
 that his fon, a boy about fourteen years of age, fliould 
 embark on board the fliip; and the lad fecmed well in- 
 clined to quit his country, and underukc the voyage ; 
 however, when the Ihip was about to fail, the youth 
 thoisght fit to conceal himfelf, from a change of mind 
 cither in him or his father. A few months after the 
 Dolphin left this ifland, M. de Bougainville touched 
 No. 3a. 
 
 here, and with hiiti nrte of the natives embarked 1 but 
 from the difplrity in their ages, it could not be the 
 fame perfbn who had engaged to accompany Captdin 
 Wallis. The name of this adventurer Wa* Aotorou. 
 He left his country with great fatisfiction and cheer, 
 futnefs. His hillory \» lhort,and an follows. The firfl 
 EuroiKsn fettlcment that M. de Uougainvilk- touched 
 at, after leavin(f Otaheite, wait Uoero. in the Moluccas. 
 The furprize of Aotourou was extravagant, at feeing 
 men drcfled in the luiropcan manner j houfes, gardens, 
 and various dometlic animalfi. in great vanity and 
 abuiulance. Above all, he is laid to have valued that 
 hofpitalitv that was there exercifed, uitli an air of fin- 
 cerity and freedom. As he law no ext-hAn);es made, hu 
 apprehended the people gave everything without re- 
 ceiving any return, I le prefenily took occalion to let 
 the I^itch underftand, that in his country he was u chief, 
 and that he had undertaken thi!> voyage with hik friends 
 for his own pleafurc. in vilirs, at table, and in walk- 
 ing, he endeavoured to iinlt.ite' the manners and cuf- 
 toms of the l'^ro|>eans. When M. de BougainvilL- Uli 
 Aotourou on bo:ird, on his lirft vilit to the governor, ho 
 imagined the umiflion was owing to hiii knees being 
 beiu inwards, and with (greater limpliiity than good 
 fcnfe. he applied to foine of ihc fiainen to get upon 
 them, fuppoling they would, by that mean., be lorced 
 into a lira ght ilirei.tion, I le \\.is very earnell to know 
 if I'aris was as fine as the Dutch f.iClory where he theit 
 was. At Hatavia, the delight which he lilt on his lirlt 
 arrival, from the lightoftheobjeCtsthat )>iefented thciii' 
 felves might o|M:rat^, in fome degree, ub an antidote to 
 the [loifon of the placci but luring the latter part of 
 their Hay here, he fell fick. and continued ill aconlider- 
 able time through the remainder of the ' jyage ; but his 
 readincfs in taking phytic, was equal to a man Utrn at 
 Paris. Whenever he fpokc of Iktavi.i afterwards, he 
 always called it enoue nute " the land that kills. " This 
 Indian, during a rclidenceof two years in 1' ranee, does 
 not appear to have done much credit to himl<:lf or hi:* 
 country. At the end of that time he could only utter 
 a few wordsof the language; which indocile difpolition 
 M. de Bougainville exciife:; with great ingenuity and ap- 
 parent realon, by obferving. that. " he was at leall thirty 
 years of age : that his memory had never been exer- 
 cifed before in any kind of fliidy. nor had his mind 
 ever been employed at all. He was totally dillc-rent 
 from an Italian, a Cierman, or an Knglilliman, w ho can, 
 in a twelveiiKinih's time, fpcak a French jargon tolerably 
 well; but thenthefe have a limilar grammar; their mo- 
 ral, phylical. political, and fo<:ial ideas are much the 
 fame, and all exprelFctJ by certain words in their lan- 
 guage asthey are in the F'reneh tongue; they have there- 
 fore little more than a tranflaiion to lix in their memo- 
 ries, which retentive fiiculiiej have been exercifed from 
 their infancy. The Otaheitc«n man, on the contrary, 
 having only a fmall nunil^rof ideas, relative on the one 
 hand, to ihemoll finipleamt limited fucieiv.and, on the 
 other, to wants which arc reduced to the I'mallelt num- 
 ber polfible, he would have, firlt of all, as it were, ta 
 create a world of new ideas, in a mind as indolent as his 
 boily; and this prcvi' is work nuirt be done before he can 
 come fo far as to adapt to them the words of an Euro- 
 
 E;an language, by which they arc to be exprclfed." 
 ut Aotourou feems to have kept very much below the 
 flandard, which the French apologill pleads he was noc 
 required to furpafs; for he really was not able, after two 
 years inltruCtion, to tranilate his Otaheiteaii ideas, few 
 and Ample asthey were, into F'rcnch. This itineranc 
 cnib.-irked at Uochelle A. D. 1770, onbu-ird the Urif. 
 fon, which was to carry him to the ifle of France, from 
 whence, by order of the French miniflry, he was to be 
 fent by the intendant to his native country, and for this 
 puqwfe, M. de iiougainville intbrms us that he gave tit- 
 teen hundred pounds llerling, (a third part of his whole 
 foitune)towanJs the equipment of the Uiip intended for 
 this navigation. But notwithltanding thefe endeavours 
 to reflore the adventurous Aotourou to his country and 
 connexions, he had not reached them when Capt. Cook 
 w as at Otaheite in 1 774.: and Mt. Forller fays he died of 
 the fmall pox. 
 
 '•'J, 
 
 'V. 
 
 i 
 
 3Y 
 
 CHAP. in. 
 
I 
 
 870 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compute. 
 
 * i 
 
 '*■'/ I 
 
 ii i 
 
 ,:«*;. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 TV D*lf<hin fails fttm Kmg Gtmx* ^ thirli IJlaml-^Hir Mffaj^t _ffm thtnti t» Tintaif^Sir Cbtirles Smimlfri'i--I^ 
 tkwf's—Sdllf — B*f<mifn t—KefptT s-'-And (laptmn H'dln't ijlmtds litJcwtnA—Tht fnknl ftali tf Timan tUf- 
 (rikfU—Rnn frtm that ifland lo Bttitvia — hadenli tmJ Iranfadmit at tkit Uft pUue — fhe LMpbiH cmtimift btr 
 wyafit IQ Ibt Cape n/GcoJ Hifif — Kflurni /• England, an4 antbtn in iht Dtwni on Friday the lOth tfMtit, 176B / 
 bavinf tirfkmitavigated the itlohe, fnm ll<e lime «f wigbmg an(h-r in Piynrntb Stand, in inji 637 J.iyi 1 and 
 afcomplijbed btrvtyagc a month and a day fmtr than /be bad dine t»An tnder the emmand rfCmmtdore Bynn. 
 
 ON Sunday the j6thofJuly, 1767, we took our 
 (Vparture from the illami of Oiaheite 1 and en the 
 37th, palled the Duke of York's Kland, the middle 
 arid welt end whereof ii very inountainnui, but theeafl 
 end i« lower, and the coal\ jud within the beach 
 abounds with plantain-treei, cocoa-nuta, bread>fruit, 
 and apple-trccs. On the }8th, we difcovered land, 
 which wai called Sir r>-,irlci Saunderx's Ifland. It ii 
 alwut iix miles Icia Irnm Ii. to W. and lies in latitude 1 7 
 dec. 3 8. inin. foulh, and in 151 deg. 4min. welHongi. 
 tuuc. On the weather fide are marw ^rent breakers, 
 and the ler-dde is rocky, ncverihcleU, m many places 
 there appears to be good anchora(|^. In the center is a 
 mountain, which feenis to be fertile. The few inhabi. 
 tants we faw appeared to live in a wretched manner, in 
 finall huts, very ditt'erent froi 1 the ingenious natives of 
 King George's Ifland. Cocoa-nut and other trees 
 ga-w on the Ihore, but all of them had their tops blown 
 away. On the 10th, we again nude land, at day-break, 
 bearing N. by £. to N. W. We ftood for it but could 
 find no anchorage, the whole ifland being encircled by 
 dangerous breakers. It is about ten miles in length, 
 and four in breadth, and lies in latitude 1 6 deg. 46 inin. 
 fouth, and in 154 deg. 13 inin. wclUangitudc. l)n 
 the lee part a few cocoa nuts were growing, and we 
 perceived fmoke, but no inhabitants. The Captain 
 named this new difcovered land Lord Howe's Illand. 
 In the afternoon wc difcovered in latitude 16 dvg. 
 a 8 min fouth, longitude 155 deg. 30 min. weft, a group 
 of illands or flioali, exceeding dangerous; tor in the 
 night, however clear the weather, and by day, if it is 
 hazy, a fliip may run utwn them without feeing 
 land. At live o'clock we dcfcried the breakers, run- 
 ning a ^Kii way to the Ibulhwardi and foon after low 
 laad to the S. W. We turned to windward all night, 
 and at nine o'clock, of the 3 ill, got round the fhoals 
 and named them Scilly Illandi. 
 On Thurfdayhc 13th of.Vuguft, having continued 
 ur courfe v.eftward, two fmall iflands came in view. 
 The firll, ar noon bore W. half S. diltant five leagues, 
 and had the appearance of a fugar loaf. The center of 
 the fci und role in the form of a peak, and bore W. S. 
 W. dilhnt fix le.^giic$. Toone, which is nearly a circle, 
 in diameter three miles, wc gave the name of Itofcawen's 
 Illand i and this we believe to be the only inftance 
 which jKTCun, of an ifland receiving the name of a de- 
 ceafcd great man. .\dmiral Bofcawcn died in the year 
 1761. The other iiland, which is three miles and a 
 half in length, we called Keppel's Ifle. Port Royal at 
 this time bore eaft 4 deg. fouth, diflant 478 leagues. 
 At two o'lluck, P. M. we faw frveral inhabitants upon 
 Bofcawen'b Illand j but Kejipel's bcingto windward, and 
 appearing more likely to afford uj ptxxl anchorage, 
 we hauled up for it. At fix, being dillant therefrom 
 nearly two miles, w e obfervcd, by the help of our glaffes, 
 many of the nativca upon the beach •, but we did not 
 attempt to anchor, on account of fomc breakers at a 
 confickrablc diftancc from the ifland. However, on 
 the 14th, early in the morning, the boats were dif- 
 patchcd to found and vifit the illand. At noon they 
 returned, without having found any gro«jnd, within a 
 cable's length of it ; but fceinj; a reef of rocks, they had 
 hauled round the fame, and got into a Iqrge deep bay 
 full of rocks: without this was anchorage from 14 to 
 20 fathoms, bottom fand and coral; and within a 
 rivulet of good water ; but the fhorc Iwing rocky, they 
 went in fearch of a better landing place, which they 
 found about half a mile farther, and went albore. Our 
 people reported, thf.t the inhabu.inti were not unlike 
 
 thofe ol Otaheitc; they were cloatned in a kind of 
 nutting, and were remarkable for having the firll joint 
 of their little Rngen cut ofl'. They fecmed to be peace- 
 ably inclined, and thrceof them from their ranocs came 
 into the boau when they put off, but Aiddcniy jumped 
 overboard, and fwam back to the illand, where atiout 
 50 of their countrymen flood on the fhore ready to 
 receive rhem, but who would not advance nearer than 
 about 100 yards to our people. Thefe brought on 
 board two !nwlt, and fome fniit, but they faw not any 
 ho^. 'i'illthit day, Ccptain Wallii had entertained a 
 defign of rt;uriiinK to England by the way uf the Ma- 
 gellanic Straits 1 but as no convenient watering place 
 was to be found at this iOand, and as the fhip Ind re« 
 ceived fume damages, that had rendered her unfit to 
 encounter a rough fea, he determined to fail for Tinian, 
 from thence to Butavia, and fo home by the Cape of 
 Good Hope. By this route, as far as we could judge, 
 we cxpeded to be fooner at home, and fuppoling the 
 fhip might not be in a condition to ipakc the whole 
 voyage, we lliould Dill have a greater probabili'y of 
 faving our lives, as fn?m this place to Uatavia, we fliould 
 have a calnt fea, and be not far from port. Wc think 
 it rather extraoidinary that a thought (hould be enter- 
 tained by Captain Wallis, 0.' returning by the way we 
 came < as, independent of the prodigious unneceflar/ 
 rifk that would Dc run, the honourof navine gone over 
 the entire circumference of the globe would have been 
 lofl : for a vcwage into the Soutn Sea would have had 
 nothing attractive in its found ; but a voyage round the 
 world, was calculated to draw general attention. In 
 confequence of the above refolution, we palfed Bof- 
 cawen's Illand, which is well inhabited, and abounds 
 with timber; but Keppel's is by far the largeit and 
 beft Illand of the two. I'he former lies in latitude 
 '5 ^^^K- 5° "^'n- iouth, longitude 175 dee. weft; 
 and the latter in latitude 15 ucg. 55 min. longitude 
 1 75 deg. 3 min. welt from London. We continued 
 our courfe W. N. V, . and, 
 
 On Sunday tl.e i6th, at ten o'clock, A. M. wc dif- 
 covered land bearing N. by E. and at noon were within 
 three leagues of it. Within fhore the land appeared 
 to Ik high, but at the water-flde it was low ; and teemed 
 to he furrounded with reefs that extended two or three 
 miles into the fea. The coaft is rocky, and the trees 
 grow almoft to the edge of the water. We hauled 
 without a reef of rocks, to get round the lee-fidc of the 
 ifland, and at the fame time fcnt oft the t)oats to found 
 and examine the coaft. Our people found the trees to 
 be of different forts, luanv of tncm very large, but 
 all without fruit : on the Ice-lidc indeed were a few 
 cocoa-nuts, but not a fmgle habitation was m be fcen ; 
 norany kindof nnimals, cither birds or bealts, except 
 fea fowl. S<x)n alter they had got near the fliorc, 
 feveral canoes came up to iheni, each having fix or 
 eight men on board. Ihcy appeared to be a robu(t« 
 attive people, and were clothed with only a kind of 
 mat that was wrapped round their wailts. They were 
 armi^ with large maces or clubs, fuch as Hercules is 
 reprefcnted with, two of which they fold to our inaftcr 
 for a few nails and trinkets. I'hcfe people attempting 
 to fteal the cutter, by haiilii^ her upon the rocks, a 
 gun was fired clofc to one of their faces, the report of 
 which fo terrified them, that they decamped with the 
 utmoft fpecd. When the boats, on their return to the 
 fhip, came near to deep water, they were impeded b/ 
 points of rocks (landing up, the whole reef, except in 
 one part, tieing now dry, and a great fea broke over it. 
 The Indians ubfcrving this followed our boats in their 
 
 canoes,' 
 
 If 
 
 I 
 
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 I- 
 
 ill 
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 t 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 k 
 
 
 
 /A 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 
 liL25 III 1.4 
 
 — 6" 
 
 1.6 
 
 V2 
 
 ^> 
 
 
 Hmtographic 
 
 Sdences 
 Corporaiion 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.y. 14S80 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 •SJ 
 
 i\ 
 
 <^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
^A^ 
 
,u 
 
 
 11 
 
Captain WA^LIS's VOYAGE—for making Difcpveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 271 
 
 canoes, all along the reef till they got to the breach, 
 and then they rowed back. Wc (hall here remark, ai 
 an extraordinary circumnance, that although no fort 
 of metal wa« feen on any of the latdy difcovcred iflands, 
 yet the natives were no fooner poflcfled of a piece of 
 iron than they bqgan to flwrpen it, but did not trrat 
 copper or bra's in the fame nunner. When the boats 
 returned, which wu about fix in the evenini^ the malter 
 reported. that all within the reef was rocky, but thwt 
 at two or three placet without it there was good an- 
 chorage in 18, 14, and la &thoms, upon land and 
 coral. The opening in the reef is 60 fathoms broad, 
 where, if prefled by nccellitjr, a fliip may anchor, or 
 moor, in eight fathoms ; but it will not be fafc to moor 
 with a greater length than half a cable. This ifland 
 the officers called after the name of our commander, 
 Wallis's Idand. It is fituated in latitude 13 dcg. 
 1 8 min. fouth, and in 1 77 deg. weft longitude. Having 
 hoi (led in our boau we ran down four miles to leeward, 
 where we lay till the morning; and then, finding that 
 the current hadfet us out of fight of the ifland, we made 
 fail totheN. W. 
 
 On Friday the 28th, wccroflcd the line into northern 
 latitude, our longitude being, by obfcrvation, 1 87 deg. 
 34 min. wed from London. During this courfe many 
 birds were feen about the (hip, one otwhich was caught, 
 and refemblcd exadlj^ a dove in fize, Ihape, and 
 colour. On the 29th, in latitude 2 deg. 50 min. north, 
 and in 188 dea well longitude, wc croflcd a great 
 rippling, which mctched from the N. E. to the S. W. 
 as for as the eye could reach from the mall-head. We 
 founded, but found no bottom, wicha line of 200 fathoms. 
 
 On the 3rd of September, being Thurfday, wc faw 
 land, which was thought to be two of the Pifcadone 
 Iflands. The latitude of one of them is u deg. north, 
 longitude 192 deg. 30 min. wed, and that of the other 
 II deg. 20 min. north, longitude 192 dcg. 58 min. 
 At five o'clock, A. M. we faw more land in the N. W. 
 and at fix, in the N. E. obferved an Indian prow, 
 iuch as is defcribed in the account of. Lord Anfon's 
 voyage. Perceiving (he made towards us, we hoifted 
 Spanifii colours : but Ihc came no nearer than within 
 two miles, at which dillance flic tacked, (luod to the 
 N. N. W. and was out of fight in a ftiort time. On 
 the 7th, we faw a curlew, and on the oth, we caught a 
 land bird, very much refemblinga darling. On Tliurf- 
 day the 1 7th, we obferved in latitude 1 5 deg. north, 
 longitude 212 deg. 30 min. W. On the i8th, at fix 
 o'clock, A. M. we dcfcried the ifland of Saypan, bearing 
 W. by N. didant ten leagues. In the afternoon we 
 came in fight of Tinian, made fail for the road ; and 
 on Saturday the 19th, we came to an anchor in 22 
 fathoms, fandy ground, at about a mile diftant from 
 the fliore, and half a mile from the reef. We loft 
 no time, after the fliip was fecurcd, in fending the 
 boats on Ihore, to erca tents, and procure fome re- 
 frefliments. In a few hours they returned with oranges, 
 limes, and cocoa-nuts. The futgcon, with all the in- 
 valids, were landed with the utmod expedition ; alJTo 
 the fmith's forge, and a ched of carpenter's tools. The 
 Captain and fird lieutenant, both being in a very fickly 
 condition, went likewife aihorc, ukjng with them a 
 mate and 1 2 men to hunt for cattle in the country. 
 Qn the aoth, the mafter informed us, that there was a 
 better fituation to the fouthward ; we therefore warpod 
 the (hip a little way up, and moored with a cable each 
 way. At fvx o'clock in the evening, our hunter* brought 
 in a fine young bull, of near 500 weight, part of which 
 wckept on fiiore,.and fent the remainder on board, 
 with a good fupply of fruit. The amount of the peo- 
 ple now on fliore, fickand well, was 53. On the aift, 
 we began the neceflary repairs of the fliip. The car- 
 penters were fet at work to caulk her : all the fails were 
 got on fliore, and the fail makers were employed to 
 Biend them: while the armourers were buTy on the 
 iron work, and making new chains for the ru^r. 
 The fick recovered verv ft& from the day they firft 
 breathed the land air : this, however, wu fo different 
 from what we found it in Ouhcitc, that Sdb mcMt 
 
 which there kept fweet two days, could here be fcarcely 
 kept fweet one. Mear the landing-place we faw the 
 remains .of many cocoa-nut trees, which had all been 
 wantonly cut down for the fruit ; and we were obliged 
 to go three miles into the countiyto procure a finglc 
 nut. The hunters alfo fufferecl incredible fatigue, 
 going frequently 10 on 3 miles, through one continued 
 thicket, and the cattle were fo wild, that it was very 
 difficult to come near them. On this account one 
 party was ordered to relieve another ; and Mr. Gore 
 with 14 men were dationed at the north part of the 
 ifland, where cattle were in much greater plentjr. At 
 day-break every morning, a boat went off to bring io 
 what they caught, or killed, and in this ifland we pro^ 
 cured beef, poultry, papaw apples, and all the other re* 
 frefliments, of which an account is given in Lord Anfon'a 
 voyage t but which differs in fome particulars from 
 the report made of this place by Commodore Byron. 
 During our day at this place, the (hip was laid down 
 by the dern, to get at fome of the dieitning which had 
 been much torn; and in repairing the copper, th^ 
 carpenter difcovercd and dopped a leak under the 
 lining of the knee of the head, by which we had Veafon 
 to hope mod of the water, that the velTel had lately 
 admitted ^n foul weather, came in. 
 
 On Thurfday the 1 5th of Odlobcr, all the fick being 
 recovered, iiur wood and water completed, and the 
 Dolphin maae fit for fea, every thing was ordered 6a 
 board from th^ fhore ; and all our men were embarked 
 from the watering-place, each having, at lead, coo 
 limes ; and we had fevcral tubs full of the fame fruit 
 on the quarter deck, for every one of the crew to 
 fqucczc 4nto his water what he fhould think (it. On 
 the 16th, at day break, we weighed, and failed out of 
 the bay, fending the boats at the fame time to the north 
 end of the ifland, to bring off Mr. Gore and his hunters. 
 At noon they came on board with a fine large bull 
 which they had jud killed. On WedncfJay the 2ifl, 
 we held on a wederly courfe; and on the 2 and, Tinian 
 being didant 277 leagues, we faw fevera! birds, parti- 
 cularly three refembling gannets, of the fame kind that 
 we had feen when within about 30 leagues of Tinian. 
 On the 23 rd, and the two following days it blew a 
 violent dorm, and we had much thunder, lightning, 
 rain, and a great fea. The fhip hboured very much: 
 the rudder became again loofe, and fliook the dern, a 
 defed which we had before experienced, and which we 
 thought had been remedied at Tinian. The gales in- 
 creafing fplit our gib and main-top-mad day-fail: the 
 fore-fail, and mizen fail were torn to pieces ; and, 
 having bent others, we wore, and dood under a reefed 
 fore-fail, and balanced mizen. The eRe&n of the dorm 
 were more dreaded, as the Dolphin admitted more 
 water than (he had done at any time during the voyage. 
 Soon after we had got the top-gallant-mads down upon 
 the deck, and took in the gib-boom, a fea druck the 
 (hip upon her bow, and wafhed away the round-houfes, 
 with all the rails of the head, and every thing upon the 
 fore<cadle: neverthelefs, we were forced to carry as 
 much fail as the fhipwould bear, being by Lord Anfon's 
 account near the Bafhee Iflands; and by Commodore 
 Byron's, not more than 30 leagues, with a Icc-ihore. 
 The inceffant and heavy rain had kept every man on 
 board wet to the (kin for more than two days and two 
 nights, and the fea was breaking continuaUy over the 
 (hip. A mountainous one, on Tuefday the 2'7th, daved 
 all the half ports ro pieces on the darboard4ide, broke 
 all the iron danchions on the gunwale, wafhed the boat 
 off the (kids, and carried many things overboard. We 
 were, however, this day favoured with a gleam of fun- 
 (hine ; and on the aSth, the weather became more mo- 
 derate. At noon we altered our courfe, deering S. by 
 W. and pad one o'clock, we faw the Bafliee iflanda 
 bearing from S. by E. to S. S. E. didant fix leagues. 
 Thefe are all high, but the northernmod is higher than 
 the red. Grafton Ifland, one of them it laid down by 
 Captain Wallis in the latitude of 3i deg. 4 min. north, 
 and in 239 deg. wed longitude ; but Captain King, in 
 his relation of the conclufion of the lad voyage of dif- 
 
 covcry 
 
 m 
 
 
 |i.- 
 
 W^ 
 
 I'll' 
 
 ^1 
 
 I 
 
t 
 
 11 
 
 U 
 
 ■■i 
 
 I 
 
 ■ •; 
 
 \-i 
 
 272 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMPtBTt. 
 
 covcry, aflerts that this it erroncoul, at the Refolution 
 and Difcovery fousht for them in vain in that poTitien; 
 ar.d Mr. DalrympTc in his maps has laid them down 
 in 1 1 8 dcg. 1 4 mill, cait longitude. At midnight of 
 this day, the weather being very dark, with hidden 
 guftt of wind, we miflcd one Edmund Moivan, a marine 
 uylor. It was fuppofcd he had fallen overboard, when 
 under the influence of intoxication, he having found 
 means to indulge himfdf with more than his allow- 
 ance. 
 
 On Tucfday the 3rd of November, at fcven o'clock, 
 A. M. we difcovered a ledge of breakers, in latitude 1 1 
 dcg. 8 min. north, di'^snt three miles. At eleven we 
 fiw another Ihoal in l!<tttude 10 dcg. 46 min. N. diftant 
 five miles. At noot. mc hauled on, being diftant from 
 them not more than one fourth of a mile. At one 
 o'clock P. M. we faw ihoal water on our larboaid bow, 
 and, (landing from i:, paflcd another ledge of breakers 
 at two. At three o'clock we had in light a low fandy 
 point, in latitude locieg. 40 min. N. and in 247 dcg. 
 13 min. weft longitude, to which the name was given 
 of Sandy Ide. At five, i.\ 10 deg. 37 min. N. latitude 
 and in 247 dcg. 1 6 min. W. long, we (aw a fmall illand, 
 which was nairaxl Small Key. Soon after, in latitude 
 10 deg. 20 min. N. longitude 247 dcg. 24 min. another 
 larger was fcen, and caned Long Illand. On Wedncf- 
 day, the 4th, we fell in with a fourth iiland, in latitude 
 10 dcg. 10 min. N. and in 247 dcg. 40 min. W. lon- 
 gitude. This wc named New Ifland. On Saturday, the 
 7th, having continued our courfe, wc palTcd through 
 fcvcral ripplings of a curicnt: nnd this day wc (aw 
 great quantities of drift wood, cocoa-nut leaves, things 
 like cones of firs, and weeds, whicK fwam in a flrt-am 
 N. E. and S. W. At noon wc obfervcd in latitude 8 
 dec. 36. min. N. longitude 253 deg. W. At two o'clock, 
 P. M. we defcried from the ma(t head the illand of Con- 
 done, which lies in latitude C deg. 40 min. N. and in 
 254 deg. 15 min. weft longitude by our reckoning. On 
 the 8th, we altered our courfe, and en the 9th. the Cap- 
 tain took from the petty ofiicers ^nd fore-maft men all 
 their log and journal books relative to the voyage. On 
 Friday the i3lh, wc came in fijht of the iflands 'li- 
 moun, Aros, and Pefang. On'Monday the 1 6th, wc 
 again crolTed the line into fouth latitude, in the longi- 
 tude of 255 dcg. W. and foon after wc faw two iflands, 
 dillant fcven leagues. On the 1 7th, we had tempeftu- 
 ous wctither with heavy rain. The two iflands proved 
 to be Pulo Tote, and Pulo Wcfte ; and having made fail 
 tilloneo'clock P.M.wc faw at that timcthe fcven iflands. 
 On the 18th, at two o'clock, A. M. a Angular incident 
 happened. At this time the weather was fo tempeftu- 
 ous and dark, that wc could not fee from one part of the 
 ihip to the other, wc had alfo heavy fquatls and much 
 rain. During the full violence of the wind, a fla(h of 
 lightningfuddenly difcovcicd a large vclTcl clofe aboard 
 of us. The ftcerfman inftantly put the helm a Ice, and 
 the Dolphin anfwering her rudder, juft cleared the other 
 iliip, and thus cfcaped the impcndingdcftruftion, which 
 threatened to bury for ever in the vaft deep every cir- 
 cuinftance of the voyage. This was the firft (hip that 
 had been fcen fince our parting with the Swallow in 
 April; and'it blew fo hard, that, not being able to un- 
 dcrftand any thing that was faid, we could not learn to 
 what nation (he belonged. The weather having cleared 
 up at fix o'clock, A. M. we faw a fail at anchor in the 
 E. S. E. and at noon came in fight of Pulo Taya, near 
 which wc anchored at fix in the evening, in 1 5 lathoms, 
 fandy nound. On the i9tH we failed again, and faw 
 two v^els a-head of us, but, finding we io(t much 
 ^ound, came to an anchor again in 1 5 fiithomt. On 
 Friday the 20th, our fmall bower anchor parted, and 
 could not be recovered. We immediately took in the ca- 
 ble, and pcrci-ived that it had been cut through with 
 the rocks. On the 22nd, at half an hour after fix A. 
 M. we faw the coaft of Sumatra ; and ca(t anchor in 
 Bauvia road on Monday, the 30th. 
 
 On Tucfday, the i ft of l>xember, wc iaiuted the go- 
 vernor with 13 gunt, which, contrary to the ufual cuf- 
 tom, he retuined with one more, inftead of «ne Icfs, 
 
 frdm the fortj and permilTion having been obtained to 
 purchdfe provifions, we were foon uipplied with beef, 
 and plenty of vegetables, which the Captain ordered to 
 bcferyed immediately: at the fame time he told the 
 (hip's company, that he would not fufier any liquor to be 
 brought on board, and would fevertly punifli thofe who 
 made fuch an attempt, obferving, in order to reconcile 
 them to this regulation, that intcmucrancc, particularly 
 in a too free uTc of arrack, would inevitably dcftroy 
 them. As a further prefervative, the captain would not 
 fulfcr a man to go on (hate, except upon duty, nor were 
 even thclc permitted to go into the town. At this time 
 14 fail of Dutch Eaftlndiamcn, and a great number of 
 finall velTels were laying in this road. Here alfo mc 
 faw the Falmouth, an Eitglilh man of war, of 50 gum, 
 lying upon the mud in a rotten condition. She touched 
 at this inhofpitablc place, on her return from Manila, 
 in the year 1 762, and was condemned. On examin- 
 ing the (lores and (hip, every thing was found in fo 
 decayed a ftate, as to be totally ufelefs. TTie officera 
 and cm- of this ftiip were in a miferable condition. 
 The boatfwain throui;h vexation and diflrcfs had lo(l his 
 fenfes, and was at this time in a Dutch hofpital : the 
 carpenter was dying; and the cook a wounded cripple. 
 The warrant officers belonging to this wreck prefented 
 a petition to Captain Walfis, requefting that he would 
 take them on. board the Dolphin. They ftatcd, that 
 nothing now remained for them to look after; that they 
 had ten years pay due, which they.^|^ld gladly rclin- 
 quiih. to be relieved from their prcfenf fu(fcrings, as the 
 treatment they received from the Dutch was moft in- 
 human. They were not permitted to fpend a (Ingle 
 night on (hore, and in ficknefs no one vifitcd them on 
 board : they were befidcs robbed by the Malays, and in 
 continual dre.id ot being murdered by them. Captain 
 Wallis told them, with the utmoft regret and compaf- 
 fion, that the relief they prayed for, it was not in his 
 power to render ; ihnt as they had received charge of 
 ftorcs, they muft wait for orders from homci but he 
 alTured them he would do all in his power to relieve 
 them : and with this remote confolation only, tlie poor 
 negteitlcd, forgotten, unaflifted fuffcring Englifhmen 
 took their leave with tears in their eyes. About fix 
 months before Captain Cook touched at Batavia, on 
 board the Endeavour, in 1770, the Dutch thought fit 
 to fell the Falmouth, and all her damaged (fores, by 
 public audioo, and fcnt the officers home in their own 
 (hips. 
 
 The exorbitant prices which were demanded for 
 cordage, and every other article which the Dolphin 
 ftood in need of, obliged Captain Wallis to leave the 
 place without procuring any thing of that kind, although 
 his need of them was very great. During our flay at 
 this place, which was eight days, the molt falutary re- 
 gulations were cftabliflied, in order, if polTible, to prc- 
 ferve the crew from the malignity of the climate; and 
 the mo(b bendficial confcqucnccs enfued. The (hip's 
 company continued fpber and healthy the whole timet 
 f.r, except a Tailor who had been amided with rheu- 
 matic pains ever fince we had left the Straits of 
 Magellan, only one man was on the fick lift. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the 3nd, our boatfwain and carpenter 
 wertfent to examine fuch of the ftorcs, belonging to 
 the Falmouth, aj> had been landed it Onmft, with 
 orders, that if any were fit for our ufe they (hould be 
 
 gurchafed. On their return they reported, that aH the 
 ores they had furvcyed were rotten, except one pair 
 of tacks, which they brought with them: .the ma(h. 
 yards, and cables, were all dropping to pieces; and even 
 the iron work was fo nifty that it was worth nothing. 
 They alfo examined her hulk, and found her in a moft 
 (battered aondition. Many of her ports were walhed 
 into one ; the ftern poft was quite decayed ; and there 
 was no place in her where a man could be (hdtered 
 from the Weather. The few unhappy fuiferers who 
 remained m her, were in as wretched a (htt a« the 
 (hip, being quite broken and wore dpwn, and cxpeCf 
 ting to be drowned at foon as the monfoon (hould fee 
 in. AiMng other ne<:c(rariei, we were in want of an 
 
 aiKhM', 
 
■m-iii 
 
 ^ij,^ 
 
 ' -•■-■>■»■■ 
 
 «>kk 
 
 Captain WALLIS's Voyage— for making DifcoVcries in the Soi)TriEfeN.OctAii<&c; 27 j 
 
 tnchor. and of three inch rope for rounding the cables j 
 but the oflficeri, whom the Captain fcnt to prbcurj thefc 
 articles frotn the CKitch, as he cduld not be fupplied 
 with them from the Falmouth, reported, :hit the price 
 MVhich hid been dema.ided for them was fo unrea- 
 fonable, tiiat they had not agreed to give it. On 
 SaturdaV the 5th, therefore, the Captain himfclf went on 
 Ihore, for the firft tirtie, but found it impollible, after 
 having viitted the various ftore-houfcs and arfcnais, to 
 make i better bargain than his officers would have 
 done. We now fu^>e<fted that the Dutch thought to 
 take advantage of our apparent neceffity, and, fup- 
 poflng we could riot depart without what we had offered 
 to purchafe, were determined to extort from us more 
 than four times its value. But the Captain refolved to 
 make any fliift, rathet- than fubmit to what he knew to 
 be a fhameful impofition, and therefore told them, that 
 he would give them till next Tuefdav toi come to his 
 terms, at which time, if they did not, he would certain- 
 ly, if it were poflible, fct fail without taking the things 
 he had treated for. Accordingly, on the 8th, having 
 heard nothing more about the anchor and rope, we fail- 
 ed from the road of Batavia, at fix o'clock, A. M. On 
 Friday the nth, at noon, we were between the coafts of 
 Sumatra and Sava, when feveral of the crew began to 
 be alTeded with colds and fluxes. On the 12th, a 
 Dutch boat came along fide, and fome turtles were pur. 
 chafed for the ufe of our company. At night, being 
 at the difiance of two miles from the Java (bore, we faw 
 an amazing number of lights on the beach, intended, 
 as we imagined, to draw the fifh near thereto. On the 
 14th, we anchored off Prince's Iflnnd, at which place 
 we took in wood and water ; and the next morning, the 
 natives came down with turtle, poultry, and hog-deer, 
 which they parted with at moderate rates. Here we 
 lay till the 19th, during which time one of the feamen 
 fell from the m^in-yard into the barge, which lay 
 along-fide the (hip, by which accident he was dread- 
 fullyl>ruifed, and tmny of his bones were broken. In 
 his fall he ftruck two other men. one of whom was fo 
 much hurt, that he continued fpeechlefs for a few days. 
 and then died ; but the other had only one of his 
 toes broken. While at this ifland, we buried three 
 more of our hands, among whom was George Lewi.«, 
 eur quarter-mafier, a dill :ent, fober man, and exceed- 
 ing ufeful, as he fpoke both the SpaniOi and Portuguefe 
 languages. On Sunday the 20th, at fix o'clock, A. M. 
 We made fail, and from this time to the 24th, many of 
 (^r people began to complain of an intermitting dif- 
 Order fomething like an ague. 
 A. D. 1768 ^" Friday the ift of January, not lefs 
 ' ' than 40 of our crew were down upon the 
 fick lift, laid up with fluxes and fevers of the putrid 
 •kind, difeafes efpecially fatel on board a fliip. The 
 furgeon's mate was of this number ; and even thofe 
 ivho were appointed to attend the fick, were always 
 taken ill in a day or two after they had been upon that 
 fervice. The attention which our commander paid to 
 the fick docs him honour. He caufed a commodious 
 birth to be made for them, which he ordered to be hung 
 with painted canvafs, keeping it always clean, and 
 diredlmg it to be wafhed with vinegar, and fumigated 
 6nce or twice a day : the water, though well tafted, was 
 ronftantly ventilated : a large piece of iron was alfo 
 heated red hot, and quenched in it, before it was given 
 out to be drank : the fick had alfo wine inltead of grog, 
 and falop, or fago, every morning for brcakfaft : two 
 days in a week they had mutton broth : fometimes a 
 Ibwl or two on the intermediate days : bcfides all which 
 reftoratives and nourifhment, they had plenty of rice 
 and fugar.and frequently malt maflied for them. We be. 
 •jevc people in a fickly fhip had never fo many re- 
 frelhmerits before Nor was the fui^con lefs affiduous 
 in difcharging, with unremitted attention, the duties of 
 his office ; yet, notwithftanding all thefe advantages, 
 licknefs gained ground from the malignant and con- 
 tagious nature of the fevers with which the men were 
 feized. To augment thefc our afflidiong, the Hup, 
 grew very leaky, Iter upper work* were loofe, and 
 No. 33. 
 
 ■hatbbtailH 
 
 CUl 
 
 Ihc made more than three feet water iti a watch; 
 Howeverj through fhc divirtc bjeftiiig upon huthaii 
 means, by Qie loth, the licknefs began to abatd, but 
 more than half the crew were fo feeble,, that they cduld 
 fcarcely crawl about. This day we faw niany trbpic 
 birds about the ihip, and on the 17th, wc obfcrved 
 feveral albatroffes, ami caught fome bonetta^. On the 
 24th, in latitude r) deg. 40 min; foucb, longitude 328 
 deg. 17 min. weft, wc encountered a violent floVrti, 
 which tore the maih-tO'p-fail td piece*. A dreadful 
 fea broke over the (liip, by v^hich the ftarboafd rudders 
 chain was dcniolifheu. and feveral pf the booms were 
 wafhed overboard ; yet during the ftorm We obfcrved a 
 number of birds ; and after it fubfided all hands \ter6 
 cmpidycd in drying tnc bedding, and in Repairing our 
 fliattcred fails. On the 27th. we were by obfervatioil 
 in latitude 34 deg. 16 min. and in lortgitude 323 deg» 
 30 min. weft, and on the 30th, at fix o'clock in the 
 evening, we faw land. 
 
 February the 4th, being thurfday. We arrived at tli<! 
 Cape of Good Hope, and came to an anchor in Table 
 Bay : in the nm to which place from Prince's Ifland, 
 the Dolphin had got 3 deg, to the eaftward of her 
 reckoning. We found riding in the bay a Dutch com- 
 modore, with 1 6 fail of Dutch Eaft liidiamen, a French 
 Eaft India fhip, and the Admiral Watfon, daptaiA 
 Griffin, an Eaft India packet-boat for Bengal. The 
 Captain having fcnt the ufual compliments to the 
 governcr. he received oiir officer with great civility, 
 affuring him, that we Were welcome to all fuch rcj 
 frefhments and aftiftance that the cape afforded, and 
 that he would return our falute with the fame number 
 ofguns. We therefore faluted the governor with tj 
 unS, and he returned the full compliment. Admiral 
 "atfon faluted us with eleven guns, and we returned 
 nmc : the Frenchman faluted us with nine guns, and 
 we returned feven. Wc now loft no time in procurirtg 
 frcfh meat and vegetables for the ufe of the fick. The 
 furgeon was fent on ihore to hire loggings for them t 
 but as the rate demanded was two fliillings a day, and 
 as the fmall-pox, (which many of our crew had not 
 had) raged fiirioufly in almoft every hdufe in Cape 
 Town, Capuin Wallis obtained permiffion of the 
 governor, to ered tents on a fpacious plain called Green 
 point, about two miles diftant from the town, where the 
 mvalids were fent during the day, and every evening 
 returned to the ihip. At the fame time pofitive ordefd 
 were given, that no liquors Ihould be fent to the fhip, 
 or the tents; that no one fhould be permitted to go 
 into the town ; and that extra pro vif ions fhould be 
 procured for thofe who were molt reduced by ficknefs. 
 Much relief was found the very firft day of their be- 
 ing on fhore; on their return in the evening, at fix 
 o'clock, they feemed to be greatly refrelhedj and a 
 general recovery rapidly took place. Captain Wallis 
 being himfelf extremely ill, was put on fhore, and car- 
 ried eight miles up the country, where he continued 
 the whole time that the fhip remained here, and when 
 (Vie was ready for fea, he returned on board, but without 
 having received the leaft benefit. Every man who 
 was able to do any kind of duty, was now employed in 
 the necefi'ary repairs of the fhip ; the fails were all un- 
 bent, the yards and top-mafts ftruck, the forge was fct 
 up, the carpenters were cngagal in caulking, the fail- 
 makers in mending the fails, the cooper in repairing 
 the calks, the people in overhauling the rigging, and 
 the boats in filling the water. The heavy work being 
 nearly done by Wcdnefday the i6th, feveral of the 
 men, who had been feized with the fmall-pox, were 
 permitted to vifit the town ; and thofe who had not been 
 touched with that malignant diftcmper, were allowed 
 to take daily walks in the country ; and as they did not 
 abufe this liberty, it was continued to them as long as 
 the fhip remained at the cape. At this place, the ne- 
 ceflaries that could not be bought of the Dutch at Ba- 
 tavia, were purchafed rcafonabfy ; and frcfh water was 
 procured by llftillation, with a.<View of convincing (he 
 butch, how cafily water might; be procured at l^a. 
 Nothmtr c<in "be more ficongly contraftcd, than the . 
 3 Z jcondud 
 
I I lull 
 
 
 ^^B 
 
 iJ 
 
 I ' 
 
 'I' 
 
 * ■;>■' 
 
 474 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comhletb. 
 
 «-■ 
 
 conduct of the Dutch at Baiavia, and at the Cape. 
 The Aliutic Dutch can fcarcely be induced to render 
 the common offices of humanity to fuch of their 
 fpccics who rcfort to them to be f»vcd fVom the jawi 
 of death, and their rapacity knows no bounds: the 
 African Dutch arc difpbfed to adminifter every com- 
 fort tu thofe who Wiint relief, and in doing this no ex- 
 tortion isi phtflifed. The principle upon which the 
 peopic at each fettlenient aa is eafil^ to be ti aced : at 
 tl>c tirrt place, they fufpcdt every foreign European (hip 
 which enters their port as endangering a fecure poflcf'- 
 (ion of the moft valuable branch of their commerce i 
 in the latter, the wealth of the inhabitants, as well as 
 the emoluments of government, arc derived from the 
 offices of humanity which they difchargc. This day, 
 at five o'clock, A. M. we put 56 gallons of falt-water 
 into thoftilli at fcven it began to run, and, in little 
 more than five hours, afTordcd us 42 gallons of frefli 
 water, at an expencc of nine pounds of wood, and 69 
 pounds of coals. What we drew off had no ill taftc, 
 nor, as we had often experienced, any hurtful quality. 
 C aptain Wallis never once put the (hip's company to an 
 allowance of water, during the whole voyage, always 
 ufing the Aill, when we were reduced to 45 tons, and 
 prefcrving the rain water with the utmoll diligence! 
 nor would he permit water to be fetched away at plea- 
 furc; buttheofliccr of the watch had orders to fcrve 
 out a fufficient quantity to thofe who might want it 
 for tea, coffee, grog, and provifions of any kind. On 
 Thurfday the 26th, we had nearly got on board all our 
 wood and water; all our hands, and the tents were 
 brought oft" from the (horc j and, upon a general mufter, 
 we had the happincfs to find, that in our whole com- 
 pany, three only were incapable of doing duty, and that 
 wc had loft only the fame number, fincc our, departure 
 from B.itavia, by licknef*. This day the Captain came 
 on board ; and on the 37th and 28th, after having (lowed 
 all our bread, a condderable quantity of ftraw, and above 
 ;p (beep for fea (lores, we unmoored, and lay waiting 
 for a favourable wind. 
 
 On Thnrfday the 3rd of March, wc got under fail. 
 From many obfervations wc had an opportunity of 
 making at Green Point, we determined 1 able Bay to 
 lie in latitude 34 deg. 2 min. fouth, and in 18 deg. 
 8 min. eaft longitude from Greenwich. On the 7tn, 
 we were in latitude 29 deg. 33 min. fouth, longitude 
 347 deg. 38 min. irom London. On Saturday the 13th, 
 we found a day had been loft by having failed weftward 
 360 deg. from the meridian of London; wc therefore 
 called the latter part of this day, Monday the 14th of 
 March. On Wednefday the i6th, at fix o'clock, P. M. 
 we came in fight of the ifiand of St. Helena, diftant 
 14 leagues; and on the 17th, at nine o'clock, A. M. wc 
 eaft anchor in the Bay. Wc found riding here the 
 Northumberland Indiaman, Captain Miltbrd, who 
 faluted us with 1 1 guns, and we returned nine. All 
 our -boats being hoifted out as Toon as pofTible, we fcnt 
 one party to fill our empty calks with water, and others, 
 to gather purfiain, of which there is great plenty. The 
 Captain going on (hore was faluted with 1 3 guns from 
 the fort, which compliment wc returned. The ^ 
 vemor and principal gentlemen of the ifland met kim 
 upon landing ; and having conduded him to the fort, 
 requefled that he would make that place his refidencc, 
 during his (lay ; but our water bemg completed, and 
 the ffiip made ready for fea, on the 1 8th, Capuin 
 Wallis returned on board ; upon which wr unmoored, 
 at five o'clock, P< M. got under way, and fet fail for our 
 native country, happy old Endand. On Wednefday 
 the aird, at five o'clock, A. M. we had in view the 
 iflandof Afcenfion ; and at ei^t a (ail was f«en to the 
 caflwani, which brought to^ and hoiftcd a jack at her 
 3 
 
 main-top-maft head ', but we had no fooncr (hewed 
 our colours than Ihc went about, and ftood in fur the 
 land again. Palling by the N. E. fide of the illand, we 
 looked into Ine bay, but feeing no velUj there, and it 
 blowing a ftilf gdle, we held on our couife. On Mon- 
 day the 28th, we crofied, for the fourth time, the cquu 
 noxial line, getting again into north latitude. 
 
 On Wednefday the 13th of April, wc palTcd a great 
 quantityofgulph weed, andonTucdlay the 19th, per- 
 ceiving the water to be difcoloured, we founded, but 
 could find no bottom. On the 24th, at five o'clock, A; 
 M. wccame in fight of Cape Pico, bearing N. N. E. 
 diftant 1 8 leagues ; and at noon, by obfervation, wc 
 found Fyal to lie in latitude 38 deg. 20 min. north, and 
 in s^Sdeg. 30 min. weft longitude from London. 
 
 On Wednefday the i ith of May, we faw the Savage 
 Sloop of war Captain Hammond, iri chace of a (loop, at 
 which he fired feveral guns. Ori this we alfo fired, and 
 broucht her to. She belonged to Liverpool, was called 
 the Jenny, and commanded by Robert Chriftian. Cap- 
 tain Hammond informed us, that when he firll faw her, 
 (lie was in company with an Irifh wherry, and that as 
 foon as they di (covered him, they took dilTereni ways: 
 the wherry hauled the wind, and the Jenny bore away. 
 At firft he ftooil after the wherry, but finding he gained 
 rio ground, he bore away after the Jenny, who probably 
 would likewifc havcoutfailcd him, a:id efcaped, had wc 
 not brought her to. She was laden with tea, brandy and 
 other goods, from Rofcoe in France. Ilcr brandy and 
 tea were in finall kegs and bags. Captain Wallis de- 
 tained her, in order to her being fent to England, as 
 from all appearances, which were ftrongiy againll her, 
 we judged mifs Jenny to be a fniuggler; for though 
 failing a S. W. courfc, (he pretended to be Iwimd to 
 Bergen in Norway. On the 13th, at five o'clock, A. 
 M. the iilands of Scilly appeared ; and on Thurfday 
 the 19th, Captain Wallis landed at Haftings in SulTcx. 
 On the following day this voyage was happily com- 
 pleted, and the circumnavigation of the globe (iiccofs- 
 lully accompli(hcd ; for on Friday, the 20th, the Dolphin, 
 came to an anchor in the Downs, having been 6j7 
 days from the time that (he took her departure from 
 Plymouth Sound. As the main end propofcd by this 
 arduous and hazardous undertaking was to make dif- 
 coveries. Captain Wallis, when navigating thofe parts 
 of the South Sea, which were imperfcClly known, that 
 nothing might efcape him, conftantly laid to every 
 night, and made fait only in the day; notwithftanding 
 which confiderable delay in failing, he accomplifhed his 
 voyage a month and a day fooner than his prcdeccfTor 
 had done in the fame circumnavigation. The ill health 
 which the Captain complains of almoft through the 
 voyage, may fervc as a fufficient apology for the want 
 of a more copious information in his narrative, con- 
 cerning the places which he vifited, particularly Ota- 
 heitc, the Indian name of which he does rot mention; 
 In the relations of this commander, wc fee little of that 
 watchful attention, curiofity, and ardent defirc, to 
 " catch the manners, living as they rife," whi<;h were 
 pofTeflTed by Captain Caneret, and which appear fo 
 eminently confpicuous in Captain Cook, wherever he is, 
 and in whatever manner he is engaged ; yet injuftice to 
 the rerpe<5l .Lie chara(fter of Captain Wallis, we muft 
 obfervc, that he conftantly and indcfatigably purfued 
 the grand objedl of his voyage ; and if we confidcr his 
 nautical abilities, his amiable philanthropy, apparent in 
 his condudtand behaviour to thofe under his command, 
 together with his judicious obfervations as a mariner, 
 at the feveral ports, and the various fituations of the 
 Dolphin at fea, we cannot but think he is defervedly 
 worthy of being placed in the firft rank of our able and 
 flulful circumnavigators. 
 
 I 
 
A ITEW, AUTHENTIC, RtMARKABLE, and ENTERTAINING 
 
 HISTORY and NARRATIVE, of 
 
 A VOYAGE Round the WORLD; 
 
 UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED, 
 By that NEGLECTED and GALLANT OFFICER,- 
 
 Capt. PHILIP CARTERET, Efq. 
 
 In his MAJESTY'S Sloop the SWALLOW; 
 
 During the Years 1766, 1767, 1768, and 1769. ' 
 CONTAINING. 
 
 • 
 
 A lively defcription of the generous nature of Captain Carterctj the inattention which was fhewn 
 to his fitting out; and his fcanty fupply of neceflaries; togctlier with an affedting and complete account 
 of the perilous lituation of the Swallow, on the weilern extremity of the Magellanic Straits ; who, 
 notwithAanding her bad failing, dangerous fituations, and Shattered condition, without any marks of 
 dcfpondency from her company, continued her voyage, after her feparation from the Dolphin, and 
 accomplished the circumnavigation of the Globe; having fet fail from Plymouth Sound Augufl the 
 22nd, 1766 — Parted from her con fort, the Dolphin, on the nth of April, 1767 — and anchored at 
 Spithead on the 20th of March 1769 — The whole being drawn up from authentic journals and pri- 
 vate papers, and illuftratcd with a rich variety of communications from Captain John Hogg, late of the 
 Royal Navy. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 CAPTAIN Philip Carteret, the hiftory of whofe 
 voyage round the vfoM wc arc about writing, 
 had failed with Commodore Byron on his expedition, 
 and foon after his return, was appointed to the com- 
 mand of the Swallow Sloop, deflincd to accompany the 
 Dolphin, and Prince Frederick Store-fhip. The Cap- 
 tain having received his commifTion, bcariQg date July 
 the I ft, 1766, was ordered to fit out the Swallow, which 
 then lay at Chatham, with all polTible expedition. This 
 
 irallant officer defcribe.i emphatically, and in a moil 
 beling manner, like his predeceflbr, Commodore An- 
 fon, tne inattention which was fhewn to his fitting out. 
 It had been hinted to him, that he was to go out in the 
 Dolphin, but the amazing difparity of the two fhips, 
 and the di&inguifhed fupcriority in the equipment of 
 one to th^ other, induced him to conclude, that they 
 coiitd not be intended for the fame duty ; for whilft 
 the Dolphin was furnifhed with every thing reouifite for 
 a long and dangerous navigation, the negieifted Swallow 
 Sloop had only a fcanty fupply of jiecefTaries. Be- 
 fidcs, (he was an old vefTcl, having been built 30 years, 
 and was by no means fit for a long voyage. Upon her 
 bottom was only a flight thin flieaihing, which was not 
 even filled with nails to fupply the want of a covering, 
 that would more eiFeiflually keep out the worm. Cap- 
 tain Carteret obferving the Swallow to be totally un- 
 provided with many things, which particular fituations 
 might render abfolutely necelTary for her prefervation, 
 applied for a forge, fome iron, a fmall fliift, and feveral 
 Other things ; not one of which articles he could obtains 
 
 but was told, that the vefTel and her equipment Wert 
 very fit for the fervice fhe was to perform j though, at 
 the fame time, flie had not a fingle trinket or toy put 
 on board her, to enable her commander to procure re- 
 frefhments from the Indians of the Southern Hemif- 
 pherc. Add to all this, there was a deficiency of junk 
 on board, an article effentiaily neceflary in every voyage t 
 and when application was made for this at Plymouth, 
 the Captain was told, that a fufficient quantity was 
 put on board the Dolphin. Thus citcumftanced, it 
 cannot be even fuppofcd, that a commander of Cap- 
 tain Carteret's difcernment. would think of being a 
 confort with the Dolphin in her hazardous expedition » 
 and we cannot but credit the declaration of this brave 
 officer, when he tells us. he was therefore confirmed in 
 his opinion, that if the Dolphin was to go round the 
 world, it could never be intended that the Swallow 
 fhould go farther than Falkland's Iflands, where the 
 Jafon. a fine frigate, which was. like the Dolphin 
 thcathcd with copper, and amply equipped, would, in 
 the Captain's opinion, fupply her place. Nothing can 
 place a commander of fcamen in a more refpeCtabl^ 
 point of view, than his appearing to pofTefs equanimity 
 and fortitude under the mod difheartenimg circum- 
 ftances. Numerous and great as thefe were, Captain 
 Carteret refolvcd to fcrve his country in the line of hii 
 profeffion -, and therefore proceeded to Plymouth Sound 
 with the Swallow, in company with the Dolphin, under 
 the command of Captain Wallis, and the Prince Fre- 
 derick Store-fhip, commanded by Lieutenant James 
 
 Brine, 
 
zj6 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Co^pi.stb, 
 
 Brine. While the Swallow lay at this place, not being 
 yet acquainted with his dcflination, Captain Caiterct 
 reprcfcntcd to Captain Wallishis being in want of junk, 
 who fent him 500 weight, a quantity lb fmall and in- 
 
 AilHcient. that wc were Aion redurcd to the dlfiigrce'' 
 able ncccllity qf cuttiitg off iuiiio of the t;»bl«i to lavo 
 our rigging. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 fix Szval/cw fails in rompany tdlb ibe Dolphin, and FfvJrriik Store-Jhip, from riyiimtb Smnd, FriJiiy the Zititl 0/ 
 Aiig^ufl, 1^66— Pj/fiJf^e from tbaice to the Ijlatid of MuM-ini — Proceeds en bcr voyaj^e to the Straits of Magellan-^ 
 And anchors off Cape Virgin Mary — The hid condition of the Sivallnv in ber naviyation tbrouji^b the Straits'— H'tib 
 great difficulty reaches Port Pttniwe — Is olliged to continue her voyage, after i,,r commander had rci/uejled of Qiptain 
 H'allis to alterber deJUtialion—On the iithqf April, 1767, is feparated from bercoiifoil, the Dolphin, ■uilheiil the Iciill 
 hope of feeing ber during the remainder of the voyage — The gallant iehaviour of Captain Carteret in Ibis alarming 
 fituaiion — The run of the SwallffW from the 'xfjhrn entrance of the Strait of Magellan to the i/land of Miifii/uerO'^ 
 Iniidents and IraHfaflitms li-biljl tbejhip lay off this ijlvid — d/fervati'j)is—~She departs frm Mafafuero and maket 
 ^een Charlotte' t Ijlands^A defcriptionofibeje and their inhabitants — An oljliiiale Jkirmijlj -u'tth the natives ofKgwenI 
 fjiand difcribed , wttb an account of their country, canoes, and weapons. 
 
 A D n66 ^^^ Thurfday the 2 1 ft of Augurt, our 
 "■ ■ ' ■ V-/ (hip's company on board the Swal- 
 low received two months pay; and the next day, 
 Friday the 22nd, wc weighed and made fail, with the 
 Dolphin and Frederick ftorc-ftiip. Wc proceeded to- 
 gether without any material occurrence, till the 7th of 
 beptcmbcr, when wc' came to an anchor In the road of 
 Madeira. On Tuefday the 9th, nine of our prime Tea- 
 men left the (hip fecretly, and fwam on (hore naked. 
 They left behind them all their clothes ; and took only 
 their money, which they had fecurcd in handkerchiefs 
 that were tied round their waifts. They proceeded to- 
 gether till they came very ncer the furf, when one of 
 them, fomewhat terrified at the dafliing waves, which 
 here break very high on the (hoic, returned to the 
 Swallow, and was taken on board, but the reft boldly 
 pulhed through. While Captain Carteret was writing 
 to the conful, entreating his afliftance to recover tho(c 
 brave but imprudent fellows, whofe lofs would have 
 been feverely felt, he received a melTage, by which he 
 was informed, that they had been found by the natives 
 naked on ftiore ; that they had been taken into cuftody, 
 but would be delivered up to his order. A boat was 
 inftantly difpatched to bring them on board, where 
 they cut a moft ridiculous figure, and feemed heartily 
 adiamed of what they had done. When our noble 
 Captain came upon deck, he appeared plcafed at feeing 
 the marks of contrition in their countenances, and aikcd 
 in the mild tone of humanity, what could be their 
 reafonsand motives for quitting the (hip, and deferting 
 the fervice of their country, at the rifk of being de- 
 voured by (harks, or da(hed to pieces by the furf 
 againft the (hore. To this they replied, that though 
 they had indeed, at fuch ri(ks, ventured to fwim on 
 fhore, yet they had never entertained a thought of de- 
 ferting the (hip, which they were determined to ftand 
 by as l'<"g »i (he could fwim t but that being well 
 nJTured they were going a long voyage, and none being 
 able to tell who might live or who might die, they 
 thought it hard to be deprived of an opportunity of 
 fpending their own money, and therefore refolved once 
 more to get a (kinful of liquor, and then to have fwani 
 back to the fliip, which they cxpcfted to have done 
 before they were mi(red. The Captain having deter- 
 mined fecretly not to inflidl the puniftimcnt by which 
 they (ccmed moft heartily willing to expiate their fault, 
 did not fcrutinizc feverely their apology, obfcrvingonly, 
 that with a (kinful of liquor they would have been in 
 a very unfit condition to fwim through the furf to the 
 (hip i and, hoping they would expofc their lives only 
 upon more important occafions, and that he (hould in 
 future have nocaufe to complain of their condud, upon 
 thcfe conditions, he would for this time be fatisticd 
 with that (hame and regret, which he perceived plainly 
 imprinted on their countenances, and which indicated 
 a proper fpnfc of their milbchaviour; at the fame time, 
 he advifcd them to put on their clothes and turn in. 
 
 being confident they wanted reft ; adding, that ni good 
 fwimmcrs miwht probably be wanted in the courle of 
 our voyage, he was very glad that he knew to whom 
 he might apply. Captain Carteret endeared himfcif 
 verv much to thcC: men by this ail of tcndernefi, and 
 he had fcarcely difmilTed thcnj when he was infinitely 
 gratified by the murmur of fatisfacftion which inftantly 
 ran through the fliip's company ; and the future con- 
 duct of the offenders amply repaid his well timed 
 lenity, there being no fuvice, during all the toils and 
 dangers of the vny.igc, which they did not perform, 
 with a zeal and alacrity that Mere much to their 
 honour, and our advantage, as an cxanhplc to the 
 reft. 
 
 Friday the 1 2th of September, we failed out of the 
 road of Madeira ; and were now convinced, wc were 
 fent upon a fervice, to which the Swallow and her 
 equipment were by no means equal ; for this day bur 
 commander received from Captain VVallis a copy of 
 his inrtru(5tions, whoalfo appomted, in cafe of a lepa- 
 ration, Port Famine, in the Strait of Magellan, to be 
 the place of rendezvous. We continued^ our voyage, 
 without any material incident, till we reached Cape 
 Virgin Mary, where wc faw the Patagonians, a full ac- 
 count of whom has been given in our hiftory of the two 
 expeditions performed by Commodore Byron and Cap- 
 tain Wallis, in their circuit round the world 1 and n« 
 the particulars in the narrative before us arc the fame, 
 it will be needlcfs to recite them. With much labour, 
 and at no inconfiderablc rifle, (for we could but fcldom 
 make the Swallow tack, without a boat to tow her 
 round) wc anchored in Port Famine, on the s8th of 
 December; where we unhung our rudder, and having 
 made it fomewhat broader, we hoped to obtain an aa> 
 vantage in working the fliip, but m this particular we 
 were entirely difaopointcd. 
 
 AD 176-7 Tuefday the 1,7th of February, after 
 
 * ■ ' '■ having encountered many difficulties and 
 dangers, wc fteered into Ifland Bay ; and at this place 
 our commander, in a letter to Captain WalUs, fet forth 
 in affeding language, the ill condition of the Swallow, 
 requcfting of him to conUder what was bcft for the 
 king's fervice, whether flic fliould be difmiflcd, or con- 
 tinue the voyage; to which Captain Wallis returned 
 for anfwer, that as the Lords of the Admiralty had 
 ordered the Sw allow on this fervice, in coniun<flion with 
 the Dolphin, he did not think himfelf at liberty to alter 
 the deftmation of the former. In confec^ucnce of thi« 
 reply, founded only on the Angle opinion of Captain 
 Wallis, we continued to navigate the ftrait in company 
 with the Dolphin ; and as our Captain had paflcd It 
 fcefore, wc were ordered to keep a-head and to lead the 
 way, with liberty to anchor and weigh when and 
 ■where we thought proper ; " but (to ufe Captain Car- 
 teret's own words^ perceiving, fays he, that the bad 
 failing of the Swallow would fo much retard the Dol< 
 phin, as probably to make her Igf? tt f^^fon fof gcttin{( 
 3 into 
 
Captain CARTERET* VOYAGE— for ihakingDifcovt-ries in tMe SoutHrrn Oceas, ficc. 277 
 
 into high Couthcrn laciciidci, and detirat the intention ot 
 the voyage, I proporcd to Captain Wallis, that he 
 (hould lay the bwallow up in (0111c cove <)r bay, and 
 that I (hould attend and Mtt him with her boats till 
 the Arait (hould be pa(rcd, which would probably be 
 in much Icri time than if he continued to be retarded 
 by my (hip 1 and I urged as an additional advantage 
 that he might complete not only his flock of provilions 
 «nd (tores, but his company out of her, and then fend 
 her back to England, with fuch of his crew as fickncfs 
 hod rendered un(it for the voyage ; proiiofing alfo, that 
 in my way home, I would examine the caflcrn coart 
 of Patagonia, or attempt fuch difcovcrics as he lliould 
 think proper. If this was not anpmvcd, and my know* 
 ledge of the South Seas was thought ncce(rary to the 
 fucccfs of the voyage, I •ttercd to go with him on board 
 the Dolphin, and give up the Swallow to be command- 
 ed by his (irft lieutenant, whofe duty I would perform 
 during the reft of the voyage, or to make the voyage 
 myfeif in the Dolphin, if he would take the Swallow 
 back to England : butCkptain Wallis wasftill of opinion, 
 " that the voyage (hould be profccuted by the two (hips 
 Jointly, pur(uant to the orders that had been given ;" 
 out he affured Captain Carteret, at the fame time, that, 
 " in confideration of the very dangerous condition of 
 the Swallow, the Dolphin (hould continue to keep com- 
 pany with her as long as it was polTible, waitmg her 
 time, and attending her motions." The generous nature 
 of Captain Carteret our readers will infer, from his not 
 availing himfelf of this alTurancc, when dating the con- 
 dud of his fuperior o(!icer in fo trying an inflance. By 
 this time the Swallow was become fo foul, that with all 
 the fails (lie could fct, it was not in her power to make 
 fo much way as the Dolphin, not even when the latter 
 had only her top-fails and a reef in them : however, 
 under thefe trying circumftances, we continued with 
 our companion till the loth of April, on which day the 
 weftcrn entrance of the ft rait was open, and the great 
 South Sea in fight. Wc had hitherto, agreeable to 
 orders, kept a-hcad, but now, the Dolphin being nearly 
 .nbrcaft of us, (he fct her fore-fail, which foon carried 
 her a-headof us.and by nine o'clock in the evening (lie 
 was out of fight, for when the day clofed (he (hewed no 
 lights. A fine eaftern breeze blew at this time, of 
 w hich, during the night, we made every po(rible ufe, 
 by carrying all our fmall fails, even to the top-gallant 
 ftudding.fails, by which wc were cxpofcd to great 
 danger. 
 
 On Saturday the 1 1 th, notwithftanding every means 
 had been ufed to come up with the fugitive, yet fuch 
 v/M the difparity of failing between the two (hips, that, 
 at day-break, the top-fails of the Dolphin could only be 
 fccn above the horizon ; but we could perceive (he had 
 (ludded-(ails fct ; and at nine o'clock we entirely loft 
 fight of her, judging the might be then clear of the 
 ftraits mouth. The Swallow was now under the land ; 
 and in this bad failing, ill provided (hip, having neither 
 a forge, nor a (ingle trinket on board, was our negledcd, 
 but gallant officer, deftined to proceed over the vsft 
 tfxpanfc of the great Southern Ocean j yet amidft all 
 theie difcouraging circumftanccs, no (igns of dcfpon- 
 dency were vifible among our people, whom the Cap- 
 uin encouraged by telling them, that though the Dol- 
 phin was the beft (hip, he did not doubt but he (hould 
 find more than equivalent advantages in their courage, 
 ability, and good conduct. Such an afcendency over 
 his feamcn, is a plain proof, how much they revered, 
 confided in, and loved him. From this day, we gave 
 up all hope of feeing our confort again till wc ftiould 
 arrive in England, no plan of operation having been 
 fettled, nor any place of rendezvous appointed, as had 
 been done from England lothcftrait. Ar noon, when 
 abreaft of Cape Pillar, a ftrong gale from S, W. oh. 
 ligcdus to take down our fmall fails, and haul clofc 
 to the wind t foon after which we had the monification 
 to (ind, that when we had made two boards, we ciuld 
 not weather the land on either tack. The gale in- 
 creafed, driving before it a hollow fwell, and a tog came 
 on, with violent rain, which conipcUed us to get clofc 
 
 under the (ixitli (liore. Wc now fen' out oui boat in 
 fcarch of Tucfdny's Bay, which ii fafd by Sir John N«r« 
 borough to lie about four Icagufcs within the (trait, or to 
 find out any other good anchorage. At five o'tlock, P. 
 M. we couM not fee the land, notwithftanding iti moun- 
 tainous height, though within lialf a mile of it 1 and, at 
 (ix, it was fo dark that wc could not (It half the ftjip't 
 length. Being concerned for the fafcry of our boat, 
 wc put out lights, made falfc fires, and fired a gun 
 every half hour; and at hift (lie reached the lliip, but 
 had iiiatle no difcovcry either of ruclciay's B.iy, or any 
 other anchoring place. During the rcmaiiulcr of the 
 night wc made fail, endeavouring to keep near the 
 fouth (hnrc. The next day, being the i2ih, as foon 
 as it was light, the boat was lint out again to explore 
 the fouth (horc for an anclioring place j and at live 
 o'clock, P. M. when wc olnu;!! dcfpaircd of her return- 
 ing in time, faw her founding a bay, and llocid in after 
 her. The maftcr fjid, that wc might here fafely caft 
 anchor, which we did about (ix o'clock, and then the 
 Captain retired to take fomc reff. In a tew minute* 
 after, he was diftiirbcd by a univcifal flioutand tumult 
 among the people upon deck, and the noife of thofe 
 below running to join them. When Captain CarrereC 
 came upon deck, the general cry was, the Dolphin! 
 thcDilphin! in a tranfport of furprize and joy; but 
 this dclulive appearance foon vanilhcd, and proved to 
 be only water forced up, and whirled in the air by a guft 
 of wind. The people were for a few minutes dejected 
 by their difappointmcnt, but before the Captain went 
 down, he had the pleafurc to fee a return of their ufual 
 fortitude and chcerfulnefs. The little bay where we 
 now lay, is about three leagues E. by S. from Cape 
 Pillar, and bears S. by E. four leagues from the ifland 
 which Sir John Narboroiigh called Wcltminfter Hall. 
 The welfcrn point of this bay has a rcfemblancc to a 
 perpendicular oblong fquarc, like the wall of a houfci 
 within its entrance arc three iflands, and within thefe a 
 very good harbour, with anchorage in between 25 and 
 30 tathoms, bottom foft mud. Wc anchored without 
 the idands, the pallage on each fide of them being not 
 more than a cable's length wide. Our fmall cove i« 
 about two cables length broad j and in the inner part 
 is from 1 6 to 1 8 fathoms, but w here we lay it is deeper. 
 The landing is every where good, with plenty of wood, 
 water, mufcles, and wild gecfe. As a current fets 
 continually into it, our Captain is of opinion, that it has 
 another communication with the fca to the fouth of 
 C.ajK Defeada. Our maftcr reported, that he went up it 
 four miles in a boat, and could not then be above four 
 miles from the weftcrn ocean, yet he ftill faw a wide 
 entrance to t' r S, W. Here wc rode out a very hard 
 gale of wind, u»\ the ground being very uneven, we 
 expeded our civ'^a to be cut in two every minute, yet 
 when we weighea, to our great furprize, they did* not 
 appear to have been rubbed in v^y part, though we 
 found it very difficult to heave them clear of the rocks. 
 From the north (hore of the weftcrn end of the (trait of 
 Magellan, the land, which is the weftcrn coaft of Pata- 
 gonia, runs nearly N. and S. being a group of broken 
 illands, among which are thofe laid down by Sharp by 
 the name of the Duke of York's Illands. They arc in- 
 deed placed by him at a confiderable diftancc from the 
 coaft, but if there had been many iflands in that fitua- 
 tion, the Dolphin, the "Tamar, or the Swallow, miift have 
 feen them. Till we came into this latitude, wc had 
 tolerable weather, and little or no current in any direc- 
 tion, but when northward of 48 deg. wc had a current 
 fetting ftrongly to the north, fo that |)robably we then 
 opened the great bay, which is faid to be 90 leagues 
 deep. Here wc found a prodigious fwell from the 
 N. W. and the winds generally blew from the fame 
 quarter. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the ijth, we once more got again 
 abreaft of Cape Pillar ; but between five and fix o'clock 
 A. M.juft as we opened Cape Defeada, the wind fud^ 
 denly fliifting, and its cxcelTiye violence, produced a fea 
 fo dreadfully hollow, that we were in the utmoft danser 
 of finking; yet wc could not fliortenftiI>.it being ne«C/ 
 * far7 
 
 I 
 
 t',« 
 
 
 
 \\^ 
 
 A' 
 
ik 
 
 878 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMFLtTt. 
 
 ' f 
 
 ' i 
 
 1 
 
 I i., 
 
 fary to carry all wc could fprcad, for fear of running 
 foul of fome rocky illand*, which, in Narborough 1 
 voyage, are called the iflandi of Dircdtiom nor could 
 %ve now go back into the (\rait, without the danger of 
 funningfoul of a lce-(hore, toward* which the fliip 
 fettled very faft, notwilhllanding our utmoft cttbrts. 
 Thus circumOanced, we were obliged to ftave the 
 vtatcr-cadu on and between the decks, in order that 
 fhe might carry better fail, and by this expedient we 
 efcapctl the threatened deftru^Hon. Wc now got into 
 the open fca, after a very providential deliverance, fur 
 had the wind again (hiftcd, the Swallow mull have been 
 unavoidably loft. I-(aving got clear of the Strait of 
 Magellan. w% Peered to the northward along the coa(\ 
 of Chili, intending to make the ifland of Juan Fcr- 
 nandes, or Mafafuero, that wc might incrcafe our Hock 
 of water, which at this time amounted only to between 
 four and five and twenty tons, a quantity not fuAicient 
 for fo long a voyage as was probably before us. On 
 the 16th, the wind, which had hitherto been favourable, 
 on a fuddcn Ihifted, and continued contrary till Satur- 
 day the 1 8th. Wcliad now failed nearly 100 leagues 
 from the (Iraits mouth when our latitude was 48 deg. 
 39 min. fouth, and our longitude, b^ account, 4 dcg. 
 33 min. well from Cape Pillar. From this time to 
 the 8th of May, the wind continued unfavourable, and 
 blew an inccflant dorm, with fuddcn guds dill more 
 violent, accompanied at intervals, with dreadful thun- 
 der, lightning, rain, and hail. In our paflagc along 
 this coaft wc uw abundance of fea birds ; among which 
 were two forts, one like a pigeon, of a dark brown 
 colour, called by feamen the Cape of Good Hope hen, 
 and fometimcs the black gull ; the other pintado birds, 
 which are prettily fpotted with black and w hite, and 
 conftantly on the wing { but they appear frequently as 
 if walking on the water, like the pcterels t and thcfe 
 our failors call Mother Carey's Chickens. During nine 
 days we experienced an uninterrupted courfc of dan- 
 gers, fatigues and misfortunes. The Swallow worked 
 and failed very ill, the weather was dark and tcm- 
 
 Reduous ; and the boats, which the exigencies of the 
 lip kept condailtly employed, were in continual dan- 
 Ser of being loll, as well by the gales which blew con- 
 antly, as by the fudden gulls which rufhcd frequently 
 upon us. with a violence that can fcarcely be conceived: 
 thofc off the land were fo boifterous, that not daring to 
 ihew any canvafs, the fliip lay to under her bare poles, 
 and the water at times was torn up, and whirled round 
 in the air, much higher than the mads heads. This 
 diftrefs was the more fevere, by its being unexpe<flcd i 
 for Captain Carteret had experienced very different 
 weather in thofe paru, when he accompanied Commo- 
 dore Byron : it was then the latter end of April when 
 he was near this coad, fo that this change of climate 
 could not be owing to a change of feafon. On Friday 
 the I d of May, the wind diifted from the N. W. to the 
 S. W. and brought the diip up with her head ri^ht 
 againd the vad lea, which the N. W. wind had railed ; 
 for about an hour it blew, if poflible, drongcr than ever j 
 and at every pitch the Swallow made, the end of her 
 bowlprit was under water, and the fu^e broke over 
 the ^recadle as iu aft' as the main mad, in the fame 
 manner as it would have broke over a rock, fo that 
 there was the created reafon to apprehend (he would 
 founder. With all her dcfcdls wc mud acknowledge 
 fhe wa) a good fea boat ; if die had not been fo, it 
 would have been impolTiblc for her to have outlived 
 this dorm, in which, as on fevcral other occafions, we 
 experienced the benefit of the bulk-heads, whicli we 
 haH fixed on the fore-part of the half deck, and to the 
 ader part of tlie fore-caftle. On the 3 rd, at day-break 
 we found the rudder chain broken, which made us, 
 as we had oden done, mod. feelingly regret the want 
 of a forge. However we made the bed diift wc could ; 
 and on the 4th, the weather being more moderate, 
 We mended the fails that had been fplit, and repaired 
 our riggine. On the 5th, a hurricane from the N, by 
 W. and N. N. W. brought us again under our courfet, 
 and the fhip wa* tofied about with (uch violence that 
 
 we had no command of her. In this dorm two of our 
 chain-plates were broken, and we continued toiling in 
 a connifed hollow fea tiU midnight. On the 6th, at 
 two o'clock, A. M. we were uken right a-head by a 
 furious fquall at wed, which was very near carrying all 
 by the board, before we could get the diip round. With 
 this gale we dood north, and the carpenters, in the 
 forenoon, fixed new chain-plates in the place of thofc 
 which had been broken ; and on this occafion we roiild 
 not refrain from again lamenting the want of a forge 
 and iron. Wc held on our cour^ till the 7th, when, 
 at eight o'clock, A. M. the wind returned to its old 
 quarter, the N. W. attended with unfcttlcd weather. 
 
 On Friday the 8th, the wind having come to the 
 fouth, WB were favoured with a fine day, beinL; the lirfl 
 we had feen lince we took our departure from the 
 Straits of Mafjellan. At noon weobferved in latitude 
 38 dfg. {9 mm. fouth. and were about 5 dcg. to the 
 wcdward of Cape Pillar. On the 9th, we were in 
 fight of the ifland of Mafafuero 1 a;'d on the loth, made 
 that of Juan Fernandes. In the afternoon, we failed 
 round the north end of it, and opened Cumberland Bay. 
 We were furprizcd, not knowing that the Spaniards 
 had fortified this ifland, to fee a conlidcrabie number 
 of men about the beach, alfo a houfc and four pieces of 
 cannon near the water fide 1 and upon the iiJe of the 
 hill, about 300 yard* farther from the fea, a fort with 
 Spanifli colours flying. We faw fcattered round it, 
 and on different parts of the ifland, more than 30 
 houfes, and much cattle feeding on the brow of the hills, 
 which feemed tobe cultivated, many fpots being diviticd 
 by enclofures from the red. We faw alfo two large 
 boats lying on the beach. The fort, which is faced 
 with done, has 18 or 30 embrafures, and within it a 
 long houfe, which we fuppofed to be barracks for the 
 garrifon. The wind blew in fuch violent guds out of 
 the bay, as to prevent our getting very near it t and, in 
 the Captain's opinion, it is impofTibie to work a (hip 
 into this bay, when the wind blows hard from the (buth. 
 We now dood to the wedward, and were followed by 
 one of the boats, which put off from the (hore; and 
 rowed towards us ; but (he foon returned, on obfervine 
 that the heavy fqualls nude us lie at a conftderable diU 
 tance from the knd. Having opened wed-bay, we ob- 
 fervcd on the ead part, what we took for a guard- 
 houfe. and two pieces of cannon on carriages near it. 
 We now wore, and dood again for Cumberland Bay, 
 and the boat a|^in put oflf towards us, but night coming 
 on, we lod (ight of her. As wc had oiily Englilh 
 colours on board we hoided none, u we could not fup- 
 pofe the Spaniards well difpofed to receive Englifh 
 vifitants. Thus difappointed of the rcfrclhments, of 
 which we dood in the mod prefling need, our Captain 
 thought it more advifeable to proceed to the neigh- 
 bouring ifland of Mafafuero, where we arrived on Tuef- 
 day the 1 2th, and oh Friday the 1 5th, chofe our dation 
 on the eadern fide, anchoring in the fame place where 
 Commodore Byron lay in the Dolphin, about two ynn 
 before. On the 16th, we were driven from our moor- 
 ings and kept out at fea all night. In the morning the 
 cutter was fent for water, and the (hip got near the 
 fliore. where (he foon received feveral calks, and dif- 
 patched the cutter back for more. The long boat was 
 likewife appointed to this fervice, as well as to carry 
 
 Krovifions to thofc on (hore. In the afternoon the boat! 
 :ingobferved runningalong the ftiore, the fliip followed 
 and took them in, but not without their fuftaining fo 
 much damage by the violence of the fca, that the car- 
 penters were obliged to work all night in repairing 
 them. 
 
 On Sunday the 17th, the lieutenant, Mr. Erafmui 
 Gowcr, was lent again with the cutter to procure water, 
 and the furf being very great, three of the fcawen fwam 
 on fliore with the empty cafks, in order to till them, 
 and bring them back to the boat ; but the furf foon 
 ader rofe fo high, and broke with fuch fury on the 
 (hore, as rendered it utterly impnidlicable for them to 
 return. A very dark and tcmpe^ous night fiicceed- 
 ed : the poor fellows were dark nalied, and cut oQ'frora 
 •^ all 
 
 m 
 
two of our 
 i toiling in 
 the 6th, at 
 I'hrad by a 
 carrying all 
 und. With 
 ten, in the 
 re of thofe 
 Ml we rotild 
 
 of a forge 
 7th, when, 
 
 to ill old 
 
 weather. 
 
 omc to the 
 
 inL| the firft 
 
 from the 
 
 in latitude 
 dog. to the 
 »e were in 
 
 oth, made 
 we failed 
 )crland Bay. 
 ; Spaniarda 
 >lc number 
 ur pieces of 
 
 litle of the 
 a fort with 
 i round it, 
 re than 30 
 
 of the hilt<, 
 ing divided 
 
 two large 
 ich ii faced 
 wiihin it a 
 iclts for the 
 pifli out of 
 
 it s and, in 
 i»'ork a (hip 
 n the Ibuth. 
 followed by 
 
 fliore; and 
 in obferving 
 derable diu 
 bay, we ob- 
 r a guani- 
 nes near it. 
 criand Bay, 
 ght coming 
 ily Englifti 
 ild not fup- 
 ive Englilh 
 fliments, of 
 sur Captain 
 
 1 the neigh- 
 ed on Tuef. 
 ; our ftation 
 place where 
 ut two yoan 
 a our moor- 
 noming the 
 ^t near the 
 u, anddif- 
 mg boat was 
 as to carrf 
 on the boati 
 liipfolbwed 
 uftaiiting lb 
 lat the car. 
 in repairing 
 
 If. Erafmus 
 oc(urc water, 
 cawen fwam 
 3 till them, 
 ic furf foon 
 fury on the 
 for thtm to 
 jht fuccecd- 
 cut oil' from 
 all 
 
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 Cap r AIM CARTERET'i VOYAGE— for makinR Dilcoveriei in the Soutmihn Ocean. 6cc. tyt) 
 
 ■II mcunt of pnMuring aflinancc from the h«Mt, «hi<h, 
 to cfcapc the fury of • n»thtrinn ftorm, wa« obliged to 
 return to the (hip, into which it w«« fafcly recciveil but 
 the minute before the impending llorm rulhed forth, 
 by which, had <hc bcon ufwn the water, (he muH havr 
 been inevitably funk, and every foul on board periflied. 
 The three naked, defcncelefi mariner* on flioro, during 
 the nitfht, were doomed to " bide the uelting of the 
 
 f»itilcuftorm," without clothei, without (lielter, without 
 cxkI, and without fire. To augment their diHrcfi, a 
 party wai then on fliore, and had eredted a tent i bu' 
 thi darkncft of the night, and the im|M;netrable thick- 
 neiii of the wood*, cut off all pofTibiiity of receiving 
 (liccour from them. Being thui reduced to an entire 
 Pate of nature, without the habit* which render that 
 rtate fupiMirtabic, in order to preferve a living portion 
 of animal heat, thev lay one upon another, each man 
 alternately placing nimfblf between the other two. At 
 the firft dawn of Tight, they made their way along the 
 Ihore, in fcarch ofthe tent » an attempt to jK-nctrate 
 through the country being confidercd as fruitlefs. in 
 thit circuit they were frequently Hopped by hi^h, fteep. 
 bluflf points, which they were obliged to fwim round 
 at a conliderabic diftancc » for, if they had not taken a 
 rutTicient compaft. they would have been dafhcd to 
 pieces againll the rocki, in avoiding which they were 
 every moment in danger of being devoured by marks. 
 About ten o'clock in the morning they joined their 
 comrades, being almoft pcrilhed with hunger and cold. 
 They were received with the moft cordial welcome, 
 their Ihipmates (baring with them their cloaths and 
 provilions; and it is hard to fav of which they (^ood 
 inoft in need. On the i8th, tney were brought on 
 board the Ihip, where the Captain pivc orders, that they 
 Ihould have all proper rcfreflimcnti, and remain in their 
 hammocks the whole night; and the next day wc had 
 the plcafure to find they were perfc(5lly hearty, nor 
 did they fuffcrany future inconvenience from the extreme 
 hardlhips they had gone through. I'hefc men were 
 three of the nine honed fellows, who had fwam naked 
 from the Ihip, when Ihc lay in the road of Madeira, to 
 get a (kinful of liouor. Than which nothing could 
 paint more (trongty the general characfter of En^lifli 
 failori, which may perhaps be defined to confift in a 
 contempt of danger, a love of Arong liquor, and a girl, 
 and an averfion to be poflcflcd of any coin, when em- 
 barked on a long voyage. This day the we.ither was 
 moderate, and in the evening we were within half a 
 mile of the anchoring ground from whence we had been 
 driven { but the wind fuddenly failing, and a current 
 making againft us, we could not reach it. During the 
 whole night wc had a perfcdt calm, fo that in the 
 morning ofthe 1 9th, we found the current and the fwell 
 had driven us no lefs than nine miles from the land ; 
 but a breeze fpriiiging up, wc kept off and on near the 
 Ihore, and in the interim fcnt the cutter for water, who 
 m (he rowed along (bore caught as much filh with hook 
 and line as ferved all the (hip's company, which was 
 Ibmc alleviation of our difappointmcnt. 
 
 On Wednefday the 30th, we happily regained our 
 Aation, and came anin to an anchor, at two cables 
 length ftom thcbcacn, in 1 8 fathoms water, and moored 
 with a fmall anchor in Ihorc. We now fcnt out the 
 long boat, who in a (hort time procured -fifh enough to 
 fupply all our company on board. The two follow- 
 ing days we had exceeding bad weather. In the morn- 
 ing of the sift, the wind blew with fuch violence along 
 fliore, that we frequently drove, though wc had not 
 left than 300 fiuhomt of cable out : however wc rode 
 out the ftorm without dainage, but the rain was fo 
 violent, and the fca ran fo high, that nothing could be 
 done with the boau, which was the more mortifying, 
 as it was for the fake of completing our water, that wc 
 had endured almoft inccflant labour, for five days and 
 nights, to regain the fituation in which wc now lay. 
 At a flwrt interval, when the wind became more mo- 
 derate, we fcnt three men aflwre, abreaft ofthe (hip, to 
 kill reals, and fo make oil of their ht, for burning in the 
 lamp, and oth^ ufei. On the aand. in the morning, 
 
 the wind blew very hard, a« it had done all night, 
 but, being off the land, we fent the boats away ul day- 
 break, and about ten o'clock they returned with each 
 of them a load of water, and a great number of pintado 
 birds, or |)CtereU. 1'hefe were obtained from (he peu. 
 nie on fiiorc. who told them, that when a gale of wiild 
 Happened in the nii^ht, thcfe birds Hew fuller into the 
 tire than they could well take them out 1 and that, 
 during the sale of laft ni^ht. they got no lefs then 700 
 of them. Throughout this day the bontt were all em- 
 ployed in bringing water on board 1 but the furf was fo 
 great that feveral of the cafks were Oaved and lofi 1 
 however by the ajnl, a few only were wantec* to com- 
 plete our itcKk. 'i'he weather now crew fr bad that 
 the Captain was impatient to fail : he therefore gave 
 orders for all our people on fliore to come on board. 
 At this time the Swallow again drove from her moor- 
 ings, dragging the anchor after her, till flic got into 
 deep water. We now brought the anchor up, and lay 
 unuer bare poles, waiting for the boats. In the evening 
 the long boat with ten men were taken on board 1 but 
 there yet remained the cutter with the lieutenant and 
 18 men I which brings to our recollection a very 
 fimilar fituation, in which thofe on board the Centurion, 
 under Commodore Anfon. were thrown ofl' the idand 
 of Tinian. The weather becoming more moderate 
 about midnight, the Swallow flood in for land 1 and on 
 the 34th, at ten o'clock, A. M. wc were very near th« 
 fliore, but the cutter was not to be feen 1 iv'oout noon, 
 however, (lie was huppily difcovered cirie under land, 
 and in three hours time we took her crew on board.- 
 The Lieutenant reported, that the night before he had 
 attempted to come oif, but that he had fcarcely cleared 
 the fliore, when a fudden guft of wind almofl filled the 
 boat with water, which narrowly cfcaped filling: that, all 
 hands baiting with the utmoft adlivity, they fortunately 
 cleared her; that he then made for the land again, 
 which with great difficulty he regained, and having left 
 a fuRicient number of men with the boat, to watch, and 
 keep her free from water, he, with the reft of the 
 people went on flwre. That, having paflcd the night 
 in a ftate oC'inexprefllble anxiety and diflrefs, they 
 looked out for the (hip with the firfl dawn of day, and 
 feeing nothing of her. concluded that (he had foundered 
 in the ftorm, which they had never feen exceeded. 
 They did not however give way to gloomy refledions, 
 nor fit down in torpid defpair, but oegan immediately 
 to clear the ground near the beach of buflics and weeds, 
 and to cut down feveral trees, of which they made 
 rollers to aflift them in hauling up the boat on land, 
 in order to fecure her, intending, as they had no hop: 
 ofthe fliip's return, to wait till tncfummcr feafon, and 
 then attempt to make the ifland of Juan Fernandes: 
 but thcfe thoughts were loft in their happy deliverance. 
 Having thus once more got our people and boats fafe 
 on board, we made fail from this turbulent climate ; 
 and thought ourfelvet fortunate not to have left any 
 thing behind except the wood, which had been cut for 
 firing. 
 
 It it a common opinion, that upon this coaft the 
 winds are conftantly from the fouth to the S. W. 
 though Frazier mentions his having had flrong galcf 
 and high feat from the N. N. W. and N. W. quarter, 
 which wat unhappily our cafe. The ifland of Mafa- 
 fuero. which lies in latitude 33 deg. 45 min. fouth, 
 longitude 80 deg. 46 min. weft from the meridian of 
 London, it of a triangular form, about 33 miles in 
 circumference ; being weft of Juan Fernandes ; both of 
 the iflandt arc nearly in the fame latitude. At a dif. 
 tancc it hat the appearance of a high, mountainous 
 rock. The South part is much the higheft, and on ths 
 north end are feveral clear fpots. which perhaps might 
 admit of cultivation. On the coaft in many placet is 
 good anchorage, particularly on the weft-fide, at about 
 a mile from the (hore. in so fathoms, and at nearly 
 three miles, in 40 and 45 fathoms, with a fine black fand 
 at the bottom. I1ic author af the account of Lord 
 Anion's voyage mentions a reef of rocks, which he fays, 
 <* runt oiF the eaftern point of the ifland. about two 
 
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 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
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 miles in length, which may be fcenby the fea'» break- 
 ing over thcin," but in this he is millaken; though 
 indeed thrre it 4 reef of rocks or Ihoal running otf tne 
 wcdern-ftdc, near the fouth-end thereof. He is not 
 lefsmi(\aken with refpc(fl to the diflanceof this ifland 
 from Juan Fernandcs, and its diredion, for he makes 
 the former a a leagues, and the latter W. by S. but we 
 found the didancc one third more, and the diroilion 
 is due weft ; for, as wc have before obfcrvcd, the 
 latitude of both iflands is nearly the fame.' On the 
 S. W. part of the ifland there is a remarkable perfora- 
 ted rock, which is a good mark to come to an anchor 
 on the weftern-fide, and here is the bcft bank of any 
 about the place. To the northward of the hole in the 
 nick.diftantabouta mile and a half, is a low point of 
 land ; and from hence runs the above-mentioned reef, 
 in the diredion ofW. by S. tothcdinancc of about 
 three quarters of a mile, where the fea continually breaks 
 upon it. To come to anchor, you muft run in till the 
 hole in the rock is fliut in, about a cable's length upon 
 this low pomt of land, then bearing S. by £. half E. and 
 you may anchor in 20 and 22 fathoms, fine black fand 
 and uiells. Anchorage may likewife be found on the other 
 fides of the ifland, particularly off the north point, in 
 1 4 and 15 fathoms, with fine fand. Plenty of wood 
 and water may be procured all round the ifland, but 
 not without much labour and difficulty, by rcafon of a 
 great quantity of flones, and large fragments of rocks, 
 which have fallen down from the high land, and upon 
 thefe fuch a violent furf breaks that a boat cannot ap- 
 proach fafcly within a cable's length of the ftiore ; fo 
 that there is no landing here but by fwimmingfrom the 
 boat, and then mooring her without the rocks ; nor is 
 there any method of getting off the wood and water, 
 but by hauling them to the Doat with ropes : but Cap- 
 tain Carteret obfervcs, there arc many places where it 
 would be very eafy to make a. commodious landing by 
 building a temporary wharf, wbich it would be worth 
 while even for a fingic fliip to do, if flie was to con- 
 tinue any time at the ifland. Here we found the (eals 
 fo numerous, that, fays the Captain, I verily think, if 
 many thoufands of them were killed in the night, they 
 would not be mifled in the morning. Thefe animals 
 yielded excellent train oil, and their hearts and plucks 
 are very good eating, being intafte fomething like thofe 
 of a hog ; and their fkins are covered with the fineft 
 fur of the kind. In this ifland arc many birds, among 
 others vaft numbers of pinudoes, and fome very large 
 hawks. While the tent was erected on fliore, a king- 
 fiftier was caught, which wcidicd 87 pounds, and -was 
 five feet and a half long. Goats are to be found in 
 great abundance, and may be cafily caught. We had 
 not an opportunity to botanize, or fearch after vegeta- 
 ble produdions, but we faw fcveral leaves of the moun- 
 tain cabbage, which is a proof that the tree is a native 
 of this place. The ifland is furroundcd with abundance 
 of filh, in fuch plenty, that a boat's crew, with three 
 hooks and lines, m^ obtain as much in a (hort time 
 as wilt ferve 100 people: among others we caught 
 cray-fifli.cod, hallibut, cavallies, and excellent coal-filh. 
 The flurks were fo ravenous, that when wc were found- 
 ing oncof them fwallowed the lead, by which we hauled 
 him above water, but a» he then diigoigcd it, we lolt 
 him. So much for this ifland of MaMuero, of which 
 wc have given fcveral particular and fuU accounts in 
 former parts of this work. 
 
 When wc departed from hence, on Sunday the 54lh 
 of May, we failed to the north, hoping to fail in with 
 the S. E. trade wind ; but having run farther to the 
 northward than was at firft propoicd, wc looked out 
 for the iflands of St, Ambrofc, and St. Felix, or St. 
 Paul, which are Uid down in Green'* charts, publiflied 
 in the year I753;.bu.t, as was fuppofcd, wc mifled 
 them by attending to the erroneous poiition which is 
 tfcribed to them in Kobinfoo's navigation, who has laid 
 down the ifland of St. Ambrofe in 25 dcg. 30 min. 
 fouth latitude, and in. 83 deg. 20 min. weft loi^itvdcs 
 but Wc might perhaps go too far to the nrrthivud. for 
 wc &w great numbers of birds and fifli, wliichMC in- 
 
 dications of land not fardiftant. We continued fleer- 
 ing between the latitude of at dcg. 50 min. and 30 fee. 
 in fearch of thofe iflands, till w c had proceeded 5 dcg. 
 to the weft ward of our departure; we then dirctiled our 
 courfc more to the fouthward, and feund ourfelves in the 
 latitude of 27 dcg. 20 min. In this parallel we had light 
 airs and foul winds, with a flrong northerly current, 
 which led Captain Carteret to conjedurc, that he wat 
 near the land which Koggcwcin vifited in the year 
 1722, and called Eaftern Land, and which fomchave 
 fuppofed to be the fame as a difcovery before made by 
 Davis, which in the charu is called IXivis's Land j and 
 in this conjedurc concerning Eaftern Land our com- 
 mander has been found to be pcrfcdlly right, as Capuin 
 Cook happened to fall in with this fpot in the year . 
 1774; and by the pofltion he alligns it, our navigator 
 appears to have been not more than a degree to the 
 fouthw aai of it. It was now, being June the 1 7th, the 
 depth of winter, and wc had hard gales with heavy feat 
 that frequently brought us under our courfesj and 
 though we were near the tropic of Capricorn, the weather 
 was dark, hazy, and cold, with fi'equent thunder, light- 
 ning, fleet, and rain. The fun was above the horizon 
 about ten hours in the four and twenty, but many daya 
 were frequently paflTed without feeing his face j and the 
 w eather was fo thick, thatw hen h< was below it. the dark- 
 nefs was incxprcflibly horriblct and this dreadful gloont 
 in the day deprived us for a coniidcrable time of an op- 
 portunity to make an obfervation: notwithftanding 
 which dangerous circumitance wc were obliged to carry 
 all the fail wc could fpread both day and night, as the 
 ftiip making way fo llowly, and the voyage being fo 
 long, we were expofcd to the danger ot perifliing by 
 famine. 
 
 On Thurfday the and of July, in the evening, we diC 
 covered land to the northward of us ; which appeared 
 like a great rock rifing out of the fea. It is fituatcd in 
 latitude 25 dcg. 2 min. fouth, and in 133 dcg. 21 min. 
 weft longitude. It is an ifland well covered with trees, 
 and down the (idc of it runs a ftream of frclh water. 
 The height of it isfo immenfe, that we faw itatthedif. 
 tance ofmorc than 1 5 leagues. Wc Judged it to be not 
 more than five miles in circumference, and we could 
 perceive no (igns of its being inhabited. The Captain 
 was defirous offending out a boat to attempt a landing, 
 but the furf, which, at this feafon, broke upon it with 
 great violence, rendered it impradicablc. We law a 
 great number of fea birds at fomewhat Icfs than a mile 
 from the ftiore, and the fea here fecmed not deftitute of 
 fifh. Having been dlfcovcred by a fon of Major Pit- 
 cairn, we called it Pitcairn's Ifland. This young gen- 
 tleman was afterwards loft in the Aurora, in her pauag^ 
 to the Eaft Indies ; and his father, major of the ma- 
 rines, fell in the adion of Bunker's Hill, and died in the 
 arms of another of hii fonj. While in the neigh.' 
 bourhood of this ifland, we feldom had a gale to the 
 eaftward. fo that wc were prevented from keeping 
 in a high fotith latitude, and were continually driving 
 to the northward. The winds chiefly blew from the 
 S. S. W. and W. N. W. and the weather was extremely 
 tcmpeftuous, with long rolling billows from the foutiw 
 ward, laigcr and higher than any we had fecn' hefors. 
 On the 4th, the (\np admitted a great quantity of water, 
 and was othcrwife in a very crazy condition, from the 
 rough feas ftie had encountered. Our fails alfo, being 
 much worn, were continually fplitting; and our cotn- 
 pny who had hitherto enjoyed good nealth, began to 
 he affiided with the fcurvy. When the ftiip lay in the 
 Straits of Magellan, Capuin Carteret had caufed A fmoll 
 awning to be made, and covered it u itli a clean pointed 
 canvafs, which he had (or a flogr>cIoth in his cabin % 
 and in this he caught fo much rain water, at a very little 
 expence of trouble and attendance, that the crew were 
 never put to ftiort allowance of thii neceflitry article 
 during the voyage. This metbo^ of obtaining rain 
 water we have already particularly deicribcd, and if 
 conftantly pra<5Uccd by the Spanifli ihipt, which an* 
 nuallyeroU the South Sea from the'Maniluto Aca.' 
 
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Captain CARTERET's VbVAGE— for making Difcoverics in the SouTHEkN Ocean, &c. a8i 
 
 flicker from the inclemency of the weather. The fir- 
 seon likewife mixed a fmall quantity of fpirits of vitriol 
 with the water, which wa« thus prcfcrved i and to thcfc 
 precautions the Capttio imputes the efcapc which our 
 men had fo long had from the fcurvy. On Saturday the 
 I ith, in latitude 21 deg. fouth, and longitude 14" a^g- 
 weft, another fmall, low, flat ifland was difcovered, which 
 we called the Biftiop of Ofnaburgh'i Ifland, in honour 
 of hi» prefent majefty'a fecond fon 1 and as Captain 
 Wallis had given the fiime name to another ifland, that 
 
 Erince holds two honorary fiefs in the South Sea. This 
 >w piece of land, which appeared to be almoft level 
 with the waters edge, is well cloathed with verdure ; but 
 being to the fouth, and direftly to the windward of us, 
 we could not fetch it. 
 
 On Sunday the i ath, we faw two more fmall iflands, 
 on one of which a boat's crew landed, and found birds 
 fo tame, as to be taken by the hand. They were both 
 covered with green trees, but appeared to be uninha- 
 bited. The louthermoft, with which we were clofe in, 
 is a flip of land in the form of a half moon, low, flat, 
 and fandy. From the fouth end thereof a reef runs out 
 to the diftance of about half a mile, whereon the fea 
 breaks widi gr^t fury. Notwithftanding its pleafant 
 afpedl it affords neither vegetables nor water; and the 
 6me may be faid of the other ifland, which Is diftant 
 from it about five leagues. One of them lies in latitude 
 sodeg. 38min. fouth, longitude 146 dee. weft; the 
 other in jo deg. 34 min. fouth, longitude 146 deg. 
 1 5 min. weft, and we called them the Duke of Glou- 
 ccftcr's Iflands. They may be the land feen by Qyiros, 
 as the fituation is nearly the fame ; but however this be, 
 we went to the fouthward of it, and the long billows 
 we had here, convinced us that no land was near us in 
 that direcftion. Captzin Carteret was peculiarly un- 
 fortunate in having feen four iflands, not one of 
 which was capable of yielding the leaft refrcftiment 
 to the ftiip's company, in the important articles of 
 fruit and water; in confequence of which the men 
 became very fickly, and the fcurvy made fwift progrcfs 
 among them. The wind here being to the caftward, 
 we hauled to the fouthward againj and on the 
 13th, in the evening, as we were fteering W. S. W. 
 we loft the long rolling billows in latitude 21 deg. 
 7 min. fouth, and got them again on the 14th, at fcvcn 
 o'clock, A. M. in latitude 2 1 deg. 4J min. fouth, lon- 
 gitude 1 49 deg. 48 min. weft ; from whence our Captain 
 conjedlurcd, that there was then fomc land, not far off, 
 to the fouthward. From this day to Tuefday the 1 6th, 
 the winds were variable, and blew very hard, with 
 violent gufts, one of which was verv near being faul 
 to us. Thefc were accompanied with thick hazy wea- 
 ther, and heavy rain. We were then in latitude 22 deg. 
 fouth, and in 70 deg. 30 min. weft, of our departure. 
 After fome time the wind fettled in the W. S. W. which 
 drove us again to the northward, fo that on Monday the 
 20th, we were in latitude 19 deg. fouth, and in 75 deg. 
 30 min. weft of our departure. On the 22na, we 
 were in latitude 18 deg. fouth, longitude 161 deg. weft 
 of ]^)ndon, and 1 800 leagues weftward of the continent 
 of America; yet in all this run not any flgns of a con- 
 tinent were difcovered. As the fcurv]|was now daily 
 increafing among our people, and finding all our endea- 
 vours, from the badnefs of the weather, and the defcdts 
 of the Swallow, to keep in a high fouthem latitude, 
 were eftcdual, Captain Carteret thought it abfolutely 
 necefliuy to fix upon fuch a courfe as might moft pro- 
 bably tend to the prefervation of the veflel and her 
 crew. In confequence of this refolution, inftead of 
 attempting a S. E. courfe, in which, corrfidering our 
 condition, and the advanced feafon of the year, it was 
 fcarcely poflible to fucceed, we bore away to the north- 
 ward, with a view of getting a trade wind; but at the 
 lame time keeping fuch a track, as, if the charts were 
 to be trufted, was moft likely to bring us to fome 
 ifland, where refreftiments, of which we flood fo much- 
 in need, might be obtained 1 we propofed then, if the 
 ftiip could be put into a proper condition, to have pro- 
 ceeded at the proper feakm to the fouthward, and to 
 No. 34. 
 
 have attempted farther difcoveries ; and ftiould a con- 
 tinent have been difcovered, and a fupply of provifion* 
 procured, we, in this cafe, intended to keep along the 
 coaft to the fouthward, till the fun had crofted the cqui- 
 noxial line; and then, after having got into a high 
 fouthem latitude, to have ftecred cither weft about to 
 the Cape of Good Hope, or returned to the eaft ward, 
 and in our way to England, to have touched, if necef- 
 fary. at FalklanJ's Iflands. Wcdncfday the 22nd, in 
 latitude 16 deg. fouth, and not before, we found the 
 true trade wind ; and to Saturday the 25 th, we had foul 
 weather, hard gales, and a great fea to the caftward. 
 We were now in latitude 12 deg. rj min. fouth. and 
 feeing great flocks of birds, we were inclined to chink, 
 that we were near fome land, particularly fcveral iflands, 
 one of which was called by Commodore Byron, the 
 ifland of Danger ; none of which, however, could we 
 fee. On the 26th, in the morning, we were in latitude 
 10 deg. fiuth, and in 167 detj. weft longitude. We 
 kept nearly in the fame parallel, hopins to fail in with 
 Solomon's Iflands, this being the latitude in which the 
 fouthermoft of them is laid down. At this time we had 
 a ftrong trade wind, with violent fqualls, and mu^h 
 rain. 
 
 On Monday the 3rd of Atiguft, we were i deg. to 
 the weftward of the fituation of thofc iflands in the 
 charts; and about 2100 leagues diftant from the con* 
 tinent of America. Wc were this day in latitude 
 lodeg. 18 mn. fouth, and in 177 deg. 30 min, eaft 
 longitude by account; yet it was not our good fortune 
 to fail in with any land; but probably we might pafs 
 near fomc. which thehazinefs of the weather prevented 
 our feeing; for in this run great numbers of fca-bird* 
 were frequently hovering about the fliip : however, 
 obfcrves Captain Carteret. " as Commodore Byron, in 
 his laft voyage failed over the northern limits of that 
 part of the ocean in which the iflands of Solomon arc 
 faid to lie, and as I failed over the fouthem limits 
 without feeing them, there is great reafon to conclude, 
 that, if there are any fuch iflands. their fituation. in all 
 our charts, is erroneoufly laid down." This day the 
 current was obferved to fet ftrongly to the fouthward, 
 though it had hitherto, from the Straits of Magellan, 
 ran in a contrary direcflion ; whence we concluded, that 
 the paflagc between New Zealand and New Holland 
 opcned'here in tbis latitude. The difficulties which 
 our able navigator had to contend with, will appear xo 
 have been as great as the beft feamen and the firmeft 
 minds were capable of making head againft, from the 
 following defcription which he gives of his perplexity 
 at this time. " Our ftock of log-lines, obfcrves the 
 Captain, was now nearly exhaulfed. though we had 
 already converted all our fifhing lines to the fame ufc. 
 I was for fome time in perplexity how to fupply this 
 defed ; but upon a very diligent enquiry found that we 
 had, by chance, a very few fathoms of thick untarred 
 rope. This, whicl. ;•» our fituation. was an ineftimable 
 treafure, I ordered to be untwifted; but as the yarns 
 were found to be too thick for our purpofe. it became 
 neceffary to pick them into oakham ; and when tliis 
 was done, the moft difficult partof the work remained 1 
 for this oakham could not be fpun into yarn, till by 
 combing, it was brought into hemp, its original ftate. 
 This was not feamcns work, and if it had, we (liould have 
 been at a lofs how to perform it for want of combs, 
 and it was neceffary to make thefe before we could try 
 our flcill in making hemp. Upon this trying occafion 
 we were again fenfible of the danger to which we were 
 expofed by the want of a forge: neceflity, however, the 
 fmitful mother of invention, fuggefted an expedient. 
 The armourer was fet to work to file nails down to a 
 fnaooth point, with which was produced a tolerable fuc- • 
 cedaneum for a comb ; and one of the quarter mafters 
 was found fufficiently fliilled in the ufe of this inftru- 
 wcm to render the oakham fo fmooth and even, that 
 we contrived to fpin it into yarn, as fine as our coarfe 
 fmplements would admit ; and thus wc itudp tolcrabi« 
 log.lines, although we found it much marc dSfi^t than 
 to make cordage of our old cafbtei, after thcjr had been 
 4 B converted 
 
 
 'I 
 
 m 
 
28i 
 
 VoVAGfeS ROUNd Ihd WoftLD Courtifn. 
 
 .MUUa 
 
 cortv'crtcd into junk, which was an expedient wc had 
 been obliged to pradtice long before; We alfo had 
 long befo're ufed all our fowing faiUt#inci and if 
 {knowing the quantity with which I had been fup- 
 plied was altogether inadequate to the wants of fuch 
 a voyage) i Had not taken the whole quantity that 
 had b«n put on board to repair the feine into my 
 own cuftody, this deKciency might have been fatal to 
 Us all.* 
 
 Wc had attw failed over upwards of no deg. of 
 longitude, in a dull Ihattercd ve^l, that, on account of 
 her bad condition would fcarcely amfwcr the helm, nor 
 Iiad we met with any fpot of earth which would aftbrd 
 iis elfedual relief. The fcurvy continued to make great 
 progrcfs : infomuch. that thofe funds which were not 
 tendered ufelefs by difeafe, were worri down by exccf- 
 fivc labour ; and, to render our Ikuation completely 
 didrefsful. on the loth of Auguft, the Swallow fprung 
 a leak in her bow<, which Iscinfg under water, it was 
 impofllblc to come at while we were at Tea. Our fitua- 
 tion was now in the highelt degree perilous; but on 
 Wedncfday the 1 2th, at break of day, land was dif- 
 covcred, which gave frcfli fpirits to our aliiwft dcf- 
 ponding crew, and the rrartfport of joy which this prof- 
 ped occafioned, may bccomparcd to that which a crimi- 
 nal feels who hears the cry of a reprieve at the place of 
 execution. I'hc Captain counted fcven iflands, and 
 we made fail towards two of them which were right 
 a-hcnd, and fay very near together. In the evenmg 
 wc canw to an anchor on the north-eaft fide of the 
 largcll and highelt of them, whereon wc faw two of the 
 natives, who were negroes, with woolly heads, and who 
 Mere not covered with any kind of clothing. A boat 
 having been fcnt on fliorc, the two negroes fled, and 
 an account was brought back by our people, that there 
 was a fine run of frelh water oppofitc to the fliip, but 
 that it would be difficult to procure the water, the 
 whole country being covered with wood quite to the 
 fia-fliorc. That no vegetables for the reftoration of 
 the fick could be found, nor any habitations, as far as 
 the country had been examined, which appeared wild, 
 forlorn, and mountainous. Thefe circumtlances, added 
 to the danger there might be of the natives attackinjg us 
 from the woods, determined the Captain to look for a 
 more convenient landing-place. On the 13th, there- 
 fore, at day-break, the mailer, with 1 5 feamcn, well 
 armed, and provided, were fcnt off in the cutter to the 
 wcliward, in fcarch of a watering-place, rcfrcftiments 
 for the fick, and a convenient fituation, where the (hip 
 might be laid down in order to examine and ftop her 
 leak. He received llrict orders to be upon his guard 
 dgainfi the natives, but at the fame time to conciliate 
 their good will, to procure which ht took with him a 
 few beads and other trifles, which by chance happened 
 to be among the lliip's company $ he wa» alfo enjoined 
 particularly by the Captain, to return to the (hip if any 
 occurrence happened that might occalion hofiilitics: 
 he was likcw ifc charged on no account to leave the boat, 
 nor to fuffer more then two men to goon (horc at a time, 
 while the reft ilood ready for their defence s and the 
 Captain recommended to him, in the (Irongell terms, a 
 diligent difcharge of his duty, in finding out a proper 
 plac»for the Ihip ; » hich fervice, of the utmoft impor- 
 tince to us all, w hen performed, he was to return with 
 all potllble fpce J. At the time the cutler was difpatch- 
 ed on tliis expedition, the long boat was likewife fcnt 
 oft", with ten men on board well armed, which foon 
 returned laden with water. She was dilpatched a fecond 
 time, but upon our obferving fame of^ the natives ad- 
 vancing to the landing-place, a fignal was made for her 
 to return ; for we knew not to w hat number they might 
 be expofed, and wc had no boat to fend off with afhf- 
 tance, in cafe they iliould have been atucked. After 
 our men had returned on board, we faw three of the 
 Indians, who fat down on the fliore, looking ftedfaftly 
 on the (hip for feveral hours. The lieutenant was fent 
 to them m the long boat, with a few trinkets, to en- 
 dtevour to c{tabli(h fome kind of intercourfe, by their 
 means, with ibc reft of the itatives ; but when the three 
 
 men faw the boM approaching, they quitted ttiefr 
 nation, and moved along the coalt, where they were 
 joined by three others. When they had conferred to- 
 gether, the fonner went on, while the latter advanced 
 haftily towards the boat. This being obferved from 
 the (hip, « fignal was tnlRde for the lieutenant to atil 
 with caution, who, feeing only three men of the natives, 
 backed the boat into fhorc, and offered them fome 
 prefents as tokens of friendfhip, at the fame time con. 
 cealing carefully their arms. The Indians regardlrf^ 
 of the beads and ribbattds, advanced refolutely, and 
 then difcharged their arrows, which went over the 
 boat without doing any mifchief; opon which they ran 
 away inftantly iiKo tm: woods, and our people fired in 
 their turn, without doing any execution, not one of 
 them being wounded by the fiiot. In a Ibort time 
 after this the- cutter came under the (hip's (idc, the 
 maftcr who commanded her having three arrows flicking 
 in his body. We needed no other proof to convince 
 us he had aK^I contrary to the Captain's orders, as 
 appeared folly ftotxi h'lo own report, which was, in 
 fubftance, as follows: He faid, that having fccn fome 
 Indian houfes, but only a few of the natives, at a place 
 about i4miles to the weflward of the (hip, became to a 
 erappling, and veered the boat to the beach, where he 
 landed with four men, armed with mufquets and pif- 
 tols : that the Indians, at firft, were afraid of him, and 
 retired, but that foon after they came down to him^, 
 and he gave them a few trifles, with which they fcemcd 
 to be much pleafed : that in retum they brought him a 
 broiled ftfli, and fome broiled yams : that, encouraged 
 by thefe appearances of hofpitality, he proceeded with 
 his party to the houfes, which were not more than 
 20 yards from the water-fide, and foon after faw a great 
 number of canoes coming round the weftern point of 
 the bay, and many Indians among the trees : that being 
 fomewhat alarmed at their motions, he left haflily the 
 houfe where he had been entertained, and made the 
 bed of his way towards the boat ; but that before he 
 could embark, a general attack was made, with bows 
 and arrows, as well on thofe in the boat, as on thofe 
 upon the fliore. Their number, according to his ac- 
 count, was between three and four hundred : their 
 weapons were bows and arrows ; the bows were fix feet 
 five inches long, and the arrow;s four feet four, which, 
 he faid, they difcharged in platoons, as regularly as the 
 bed difciplined troops in England : that, being thus at- 
 tacked, his party found it neceflary to fire upon the 
 Indians, which they did repeatedly, killing fome, and 
 wounding many more: fiill however they were notdif- 
 couraged ; but maintained the fight, prefltpg forward, 
 and tlifcharging their arrows in almoll one continued 
 flight : that when our people arrived at the boat, a 
 delay was occafioned in hauling her oiT, by the grap- 
 pling being foul ; during which time, he, and half of 
 his crew were defperatcTy wounded : that at lafl they 
 cut the rope, and ran otT under their fore-fail, dill keep- 
 ing up their fire with blunderbuffes loaded with eight 
 or ten balls, which the enemy returned with a (hower 
 of arrows, and waded after them bread-high into the 
 fea: when they got clear of thefe alTailants, the canoes 
 purfued them with great vigour, nor would they retreat 
 till one of them was funk, and many of the people in 
 the others were killed. This is the account of the 
 mader, which, it is reafonable to fuppofc, was as fa- 
 vourable to himfelf as he could make it. I'his rafli 
 man, with three of our bed hands, died fome time 
 afterwards of the wounds they had received. It 
 appeared from the avidence of the furvivors, that 
 the Indians behaved with the greatcd confidence and 
 friendlh'ip, until the mader arrogantly ordered the peo- 
 ple who were with him, and who had been gencroufly 
 entertained, to cut down a cocoa-tree ; and even pcr- 
 fided in that order, notwithdanding the natives dif- 
 covered drong marks of difpleafure. The Indians 
 hereupon withdrew, and mudering ihcir whole force, 
 proved by their manner of attack, that their courage 
 was equal to their hofpitality. After this Sifader, 
 Capuin Carteret dropped all tboughu of removing to 
 
m 
 
iMik 
 
 Captain CARTERET'i VOYAGE— for making Difcovcries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 283 
 
 a more cliKiblc harbour, but he determined to try 
 what could be djnc towards putting tlic Oiip in a 
 better condition, while we continued in our prcfcnt 
 ftation. 
 
 Accordingly, Friday the 14th, (he was brought down 
 by the ftern, and means were found by our carpenter, 
 the only one of the whole crew in tolerable health, to 
 reduce the leak, though he could not quite Hop it. 
 in the afternoon the Swallow rode with her Hern very 
 near the (hore ; and we obfervcd feveral of the natives 
 fculking among the trees upon the beach, watching our 
 motions. On the 15th, in the morning, the weather 
 beine fine, the (hip was veered clofe in fliore, upon 
 which, having a fpnng upon our cable, we brought her 
 broadfide to near. It was now become abfolutely nc- 
 ceiTary, for the prefervation of all on board, that water 
 flioula be procured ; but the only fpring that had been 
 Teen on the idand was fkirted with a thick impenetra- 
 ble wood, from whence the Indians could difcharge 
 their arrows unperceived ; the Captain was thcrclore 
 reduced to the painful necedity of driving them from 
 that lurking'place, by difcharging the ftiip's guns, which 
 caufed the lives of many of the natives to be facri- 
 ficed ; for at the time the people were at the watering- 
 place, their ears were alTailed oy dreadful groans from 
 different parts of the wood, like thofv of dying men. 
 
 Captain Carteret had long been ill of an iiiHammatory 
 and bilious diforder, of a nature limilar to that which 
 had feized Captain Wallis ; yet, hitherto, he had been 
 able to keep the deck ; but this day the fymptoms be> 
 came fo violent as to compel him to take to his bed, to 
 which he was confined for fomc time afterwards. To 
 aggravate our misfortunes, the mafter of the Swallow 
 wasdyingof his wounds; Mr. Gowcr, our lieutenant, 
 was very ill ; the gunner and 30 of our feamcn were 
 unfit for duty ; among which laft were feven of the moft 
 healthy, who had been wounded with the mafter, three 
 of them mortally i the recovery of the Captain and 
 lieutenant was very doubtful ; and, except thefe two, 
 there was no one on board capable of navigating the 
 fhip home. It has already been obfervcd, that we were 
 Unprovided with any toys, iron tools, or cutlery ware, 
 \vhich might have given us a chance for r<;covering 
 the good-will of the natives, and ef^ablifhing a traflic 
 with them for thofe rcfrefhments we moft needed, and 
 ^vhich they could have furnifhcd us with. Under thefe 
 tircumftanccs, whereby our people were greatly dif- 
 pirited, our commander was obliged to lay afide all 
 thoughts of profecuting the voyage farther to the fouth- 
 ward, which the Captain intended, as foon as the 
 prOpef feafon (hould return. On Monday the 17th, 
 therefore, we weighed, having called this place Eg- 
 mont's I (land, in honour of a noble earl of that name ; 
 but Captain Carteret, in his chart, has called this ifland 
 New Gucrnfey, of which he was a native. In his 
 opinion it is the fame as that to which the Spaniards 
 gave the namt of Santa Cruz. The place in which we 
 lay was called Swallow Bay ; the eaftermoft point 
 thereof Swallow Point ; the weflermoft, Hanway's Point. 
 TheN. E. promontory of the ifland was named Cape By- 
 ron. From Swallow Point to Cape Byron is about 7 miles 
 E.and fromHamvay'sPoint to the fame cape isaboutio 
 miles. Between Swallow Point and Hanway's Point, in 
 the bottomof the bay is a third point.a little tothe weft- 
 ward of which we found the beft anchoring-place, but 
 it is necelTary to give it birth, the ground near it being 
 Ihoally. When wc lay at anchor in this bay, Swallow 
 Point bore E. by N. and Hanway's Point W. N. W. 
 From hence a reef runs, whereon the fea breaks very 
 high: the outer part ul this reef bears N. W. by W; 
 and an ifland which has the appearance of a volcano, 
 was feen juft over the breakers. A little beyond Han- 
 way's Point it a fnull village, which Hands upon the 
 beach, furrounded with ctKoa-nut trees. It lies in a 
 bay between Hanway's Point and another, which wc 
 called Howe's Pbintt the diftance from the former to 
 the latter it about five miles. We found clofe to the 
 Ihore 30 fathoms water, but in eroding the bay, at the 
 diftance of two miles, we had no bottom. Beyond 
 Howe's Point, anociier harbour opens, which had the 
 I 
 
 appearance of a deep lagoon, this we called Carhfle 
 Harbour. Over agamfl its entrance, and north of the 
 coaft, a fmall ifland was dilcovered, which we named 
 Portland's Ifland. A reef of rOcks runs on the weft 
 fide of this to the main j and the paflagc into the har- 
 bour is on the eall-fidc of it, running in and out 
 E. N. E. and W. S. W. its width is two cables length, 
 and it has eight fathoms water. The harbour may be 
 a commodious one, but a fliip muft be warped both 
 in and out, and would be in danger if attacked by the 
 natives, who arc bold even to temerity, and have a 
 perfeverancc, not common among rude favagcs. Weft 
 of Portland's Illand, is a fine fmall round harbour, juft 
 big enough to receive three vefTels, which was named 
 Byron's Harbour. Our boat having entered it, found 
 two runs of water, one frefti and the other faltj from 
 obfcrving the latter we judged it had a communicatiort 
 with Carlifte Harbour. Having proceeded about three 
 leagues from where the Swallow lay at. anchor, we' 
 opened the bay where our cutter had been attacked by 
 the Indians, which we called for that rcafon Bloody 
 Bay. Here is a rivulet of f'refli water, and many houlls 
 regularly built. Near the water-fuie Itood one neatly 
 built and thatched 1 it fcemed to be a kind of council- 
 room, or ftate-houfe, and was much longer than any of 
 the reft. In this the mafter and his party had beert 
 courteoufly received by the natives, before the wanton 
 cutting down of the cocoa-nut tree. We were informed 
 by thole of our people who had been received here, that 
 a large number of arrows were hung in bundles round 
 the room, the floor and (ides of which were covered 
 with matting. In the neighbourhood of this place, 
 they faid, were many plantations enclefed by ftonc-walis> 
 and planted with fruit trees ; the cocoa-nut trees we 
 could difcern from the fliip, in great numbers, among 
 the houfes of the village. Three miles weftward of 
 this, we faw another village of conftderable extent, 
 in the front whereof, towards the fea, was an angular 
 kind of breaft-work, of ftone, and near five feet high. 
 Three miles from hence, as we proceeded weftward, 
 a bay was difcovered. into which a river emptied 
 itfclf It appeared, when viewed from the maft head,^ 
 to run very far into the country, and we called it Gran- 
 ville's River. Weftward of it is a point, which we 
 named Ferrer's Point ; from whence the land forms a 
 large bay, near which is a town of great extent that 
 fecmed to fwarm like a bee-hive. While the (hip 
 failed by, an incredible number of the inhabitants came 
 forth from their houfes, holding fomcthing like a wifp 
 of grafs in their hands, with which they appeared to 
 ftroKceach other, at the fame time dancing, or running 
 in rings. Sailing on about feven miles to the weftward, 
 we faw another point, on which was a large canoe, with 
 an awning over it, 'To this we gave the name of Cape 
 Carteret. From this a reef of rocks, that appears 
 above water, runs out to the diftance of about a cable's 
 length. At a fmall diftance was another village, forti- 
 fied as that before mentioned. The inhabitants of this 
 place likewife danced as the others had done; after which 
 many of them launched their canoes, and made towards 
 the (hip : upon which wc lay to, that they might have 
 time to come up; but when they approached near 
 enough to have a diftindl view of the Swallow, they 
 lay upon their paddles, gazed at us, but would advance . 
 no farther. Being thus difappointeid in our hopes of 
 prevailing upon them to come on board, we made fail^ 
 and left them behind us. From Carteret Point the 
 lind trends away W. S. W. and S. W. forming a deep 
 lagoon, at the mouth of which lies an ifland, which 
 was named Trcvanion's Ifland. There are two en- 
 trances into the lagoon, which, if it affords good 
 anchorage, is certainty a iine harbour for (hipping. 
 Having crolTed the firft entrance, and being olF the * 
 N. W. part of Trcvanion's Ifland, which was named 
 Cape Trevanion, we faw a ^reat ripling, caufed by the 
 meeting of the tides. Havme hauled round this cape, 
 we perceived the land trend to the fouthward, and 
 we contiiiued to (land along the (horc, till we opened 
 the weftern palTagc into the lagoon between Trcvanion's 
 Ifland and the main ; both of which, at thia place, ap< 
 
 peared 
 
«84 
 
 VOYAGES ROUNDthe WORLD Comflitk. 
 
 petrad to be one continued town, and the inhabitanti 
 were innumerable. We found in thii entrance a bottom 
 of coral rock, with very irregular founding. The 
 natives no fooner obferved that the boat had Icit the (hip, 
 than they fent off feveral armed canoei, who advanced 
 to att;v:K her. The firft that came within bow-(hot 
 difchareed her arrows at our people, who, being pre- 
 pared, nred a volley, by which one of the Indians was 
 Killed, and another wounded. We fired at the fame 
 time from the (hip, a great gun loaded with grape (hot, 
 on which all the canoes pulled hard for the(horc, except 
 the one with the wounded man, who bring brought to 
 the (hip, the furgeon was ordered to examine his wounds, 
 one (hot had gone through his head, and one of his 
 arms was broke by another. The furgenn was of opinion, 
 that the former wound was mortal, in confequence of 
 this he was put again into his canoe, and, notwith(tand- 
 ing his condition, he with one hand paddled away to- 
 wards the (hore. He was a young fellow, almod as 
 black as a negro of Guinea, with a woollv head ; of a 
 common ftature, well featured, and, like the red of the 
 people we had fecn upon this ifland, quite naked. His 
 car.ne had an out-rigger, without a (ail, but in work- 
 manihip it was very rude, being nothinjz more than 
 part of the trunk of a tree made hollow. We were now 
 at the weftern extremity of the ifland ; and the didance 
 between that and the caflern extremity is 50 miles 
 due E. and W. A flronjj current fcts wcftward along 
 the (hore. The natives o( Egmont Ifland are extremely 
 nimble, at^ive, and vigorous ; and fccm to be almoll 
 equally qualified to live in the water as upon land, for 
 they were in and out of their canoes every minute. 
 Their common canoes are capable of carrying about a 
 dozen men, though three or four manage them with 
 amazing dexterity. The men have a darmg fortitude, 
 whichproves them to be defcended from the fame (lock 
 M thole who now inhabit the Philippine Ifles, lying 
 about 45 degrees more to the weftward, whofe contempt 
 of death was tcM^ aftonifhing when the city of Manilla 
 was defended anmft the Englifh, under the command 
 of Sir William Draper. 
 
 As we failed along (hore, to raifc our mortification to 
 the highed pitch, hogs and poultry were feen in great 
 abundance, with cocoa-nut trees, plantains, bananas, 
 and a variety of vegetable produaions, which would 
 (bon have re(h>red to us the health and vigour we had 
 lod, by the hardfliips of a long voyage: but no friendly 
 intercourfe with the natives could now be expefted, and 
 we were not in a (ituation to obtain what we wanted 
 by force: bcfides, great part of the crew were difabled 
 by ficknefs, and the rc(t were much depre(red in their 
 fpirits, by a continual fucceflion of difappointments 
 and vexations ; and if the men had been in health, we 
 bad hot officers to lead them on, or dired them in any 
 cnterprize, nor even to fuperintend the duties that were | 
 
 to be performed on board the (liip j (or even the Cap. 
 Uin himfcif was ftill confined to hii bed, dangeroiifly ill. 
 Thus (ituatcd, unable to proceed fanhcr to the fouth, 
 and in danger of being too late for the monfoon, he 
 give immediate ordeis for (leering north.wedward, 
 with a view to fall in with the land which Dimpier hu 
 diftingui(hed by the name of Nova Britannia, and which 
 was no •/ diftant about 1 2 deg. of longitude. In our 
 diftrefsful (ituation, it could not be expcded, that Cap- 
 tain Carteret (hould examine all the illandi we touched 
 ijt I curiofity muft yield to the inftindlivc principle of 
 fclf.prefervation { but we gave particular names to 
 feveral of thofc we approached i and to the whole cluf- 
 ter we gave the general name of Queen Charlotte's 
 Iflands. To the louthcrmod of the two, which when 
 we (irft difcovered land were right a-hcad, the name was 
 given of Lord Howe's Ifland, and the other was Einont 
 Ifland, of which we have already given a particular ac 
 count. The latitude of Lord Howe's Ifland is 1 1 deg, 
 
 10 min. fouth ; longitude 164 deg. 43 niin. cad. The 
 latitude of Cape Byron, the N. E. point of ^mont 
 Ifland, is iodeg,*40min. fouth; longitude i64^g. 49 
 min. ead. Thcfe two iflands lie exaiHy in a line with 
 each other, about N. by W. and S. by E. and including 
 the pafl"age between them, extend 1 1 leagues ■, the pa* 
 fage is very broad. Both of them appear to be fertile, 
 havea picafant appearance, and are covered with tall 
 trees of a beautiful verdure. Lord Howe's Ifland, which 
 is more upon a level than the other, is nevcrthclefs high 
 land. From Cape Byron, didant 1 3 leagues W. N. W. 
 half N. by compafs, is an ifland of a ftupendous height! 
 and in the figure of a cone. Its top is duped like a 
 funnel, from whence fmokc i(rues, but wc faw no flame; 
 we thoujrht it, however, to be a volcano, and therefore 
 called it Volcano Ifland. To a long flat ifland, that, 
 when Howe's and Egmont's Iflands were right a-head, 
 bore N. W. we gave the name of Keppcl's Ifland. It 
 is fituated in latitude 10 deg. 1 5 min. louthj longitude, 
 by our account. 1 6 j deg. 4 min. caft. Wc difcovered 
 two others to the S. E. The largely we named Lord 
 Edgcumb's Ifland, and the fmallerOurry's Ifland. The 
 former, which has a fine appearance, lies in htitudc 
 
 11 deg. 10 min. fouth t lougitude 165 deg. 14 min. 
 ead, the latter is in latitude 11 dec. 10 min. fouth; 
 longitude 165 deg. 19 min. ead. Egmont Ifland, in 
 general, is woody and mountainous, mtcrmixed with 
 many beautiful valleys. Several fmall rivers flow from 
 the interior parts of the country into the fca, and we 
 have mentioned nuny harbours upon the coaft. The 
 inhabitants, whom we have particularly dcfcribed, do 
 execution at an incredible diftance with their arrows. 
 One of them went through the boat's wafli-board, and 
 dangeroufly wounded a midfliipman in the thigh. They 
 were pointed with flint, and we faw among them uo 
 figns of any nvtal. 
 
 C H A P. II. 
 
 The Swallozv departs from ^ucai Charlotte's iflands — Her run to Nova Britannia — Other iflands difcwered, with x 
 defcriptiott of them, and their iiibaiitants — Nova Britannia found to be two iflands, with a ftrait between them—. 
 Several fmall iflands difcovered in the ftrait, with an account of the land and natives on each fide — The Swallmo 
 enters St. George's Channel — Pajjage from thence to the ifland of Mindanao — A defcription of many iflands that were, 
 feen, and incidents in this courfc — A geographical account of the coaft of Mindanao, ^nd the iflands near it — Errors of 
 other navigators corrected — The Swallow continues her voyage from Mindanao to the ifland of Celebes — A par* 
 ticular dcfmption of the ftrait of Macajfar — Tranfailions while the Swallow lay of the town. 
 
 TUESDAY the i8th of Auguft, we took our de- 
 parture from ^mont Ifland, one of the cludcr 
 of iflands which the Qpuin named Queen Charlotte's, 
 with a fredi trade wind from the eadward. On the 
 suQth, a fmall flat ifland was difcovered, and named after 
 MK Gower, our lieutenant. It lies in latitude 7 deg. 
 1 6 min. fouth; loi^itude 158 deg. 56 min. ead. The 
 natives did not differ in any. thing material, from thofe 
 of the ifland* we had lately left; but fome cocoa-nuti 
 
 were here procured in exchange for nails t and the in> 
 habiunu had intimatCd, that they would fumidi a 
 fredi fupply the next morning, being Friday the 21ft, 
 but, at day break, we found that a current had fct the 
 diip confiderably to the fouthward of the ifland, and 
 brought us in fight of two other iflands. Tbev an; 
 flruated nearly E,-and W. of each other, at the diitance 
 of about two miles. The rmallefi, which lies to thff 
 eaftward, wc called Simpfon's Ifland ; and to the other, 
 
 ■ which 
 
ica the Cap. 
 ngeratifly iir, 
 to the fouth, 
 monfoon, he 
 th-wertward, 
 Dampier hu 
 ai and which 
 ide. In our 
 :d, that Cap- 
 I we touched 
 principle of 
 *r namci to 
 ' whole cluf. 
 t Charlotte's 
 which when 
 he name wai 
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 Captain CARTERET 's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, kc. 285 
 
 --' ? 
 
 which has a lofty appearance, we gave the name of 
 Carteret's Illand. From Gowcr's, the call end bears 
 fouth, and the diftance between them it nearly 1 1 
 leagues. Carteret's Ifland is in latitude 8 dcf^. 26 min. 
 fouth ; longitude 1 59 dcg. 14 min. eaft, and its length 
 from E. to W. is 1 8 miles. As both thefc iflands were 
 to the windward of us. we failed ae[ain to Gower's 
 Illand, which abounds with fine trees, many of them of 
 the cocoa-nut kind. Here a canoe was fcired, the 
 natives having attempted to cut oif the (hip's boat ; 
 in it we found about 100 cocoa-nuts, which were very 
 acceptable. The canoe was large enough to carry 
 10 men, and was very neatly built, with planks well 
 joined. It was adorned with ihcH-work, and figures 
 rudely painted, and the feams were covered with a fub- 
 ftancc lomcwhat like our black pi'tty. With refpcifl 
 to its fize, it was much larger than anyone wc had feen 
 at Egmonr Ifland. The appearance of thcfe Indians, 
 and their arms, were much the fame as thofc that had 
 been feen more to the eaftward, only fpcars made an 
 addition to their weapons. By fomc figns which they 
 made, pointing to our muftjuets, we concluded they 
 were not wholly \inacquainted with fire arms. We faw 
 fome turtle near the bi^ch. but were not fortunate 
 enough to take any of them ; but the cocoa-nuts we got 
 here, and at %mont Idand, were of inexprcfliblt Car- 
 vict to the (ick. As from the time ol our leaving 
 Egmontlland we had a current fetting flrongly to the 
 fouthward, and finding, in the neighbourhood of thcfe 
 iflands, its force greatly increafed, we now fleered a 
 north. wcfterly courfe, fearing wc might othcrw ife fall 
 in with the main land too far to the fouthward 1 and 
 the badcondition of the (hip, and (icknefs of the crew, 
 would have rendered it impofTibIc for us ever to have 
 pot to fca again, if wc had been driven into any gulph 
 or deep bay. On the 12nd, as we were continuing our 
 courfe with a frcfli gale. Patrick Dwyer, a marine, 
 who was doing fomething over the fliip's quarter, by 
 Ibme accident fell into the fea : we inunediatcly threw 
 overboard the canoe we had made a prize ofat Gower's 
 Ifland. brought the (hip to, and hoi(tcd out the cutter, 
 but the unfortunate man, though flrong and healthy, 
 funk at once, and was drowned, notwithflanding all 
 our efforts to fave him. The canoe we were obliged to 
 cut up, (he having received much damage by flriking 
 againfl one of the guns as our people were hoiAing her 
 overboard. 
 
 On Monday the 24th, we fell in with nine iflands, 
 ftretching N. W.and S. E. about 15 leagues, and lying 
 in latitude 4 deg. 36 min. fouth ; longitude 1 54 deg. 
 %"} min. ea(h lliefe Captain Carteret fuppofes to be 
 the fame which were feen by Tafman, and called by 
 himOhnng Java: the other iflands he believes had 
 never been vifited by any Etiropea 1 before; and he is 
 of opinion, that there is much land not yet known in 
 this part of the ocean. One of thefe iflands is of con- 
 fiderablc extents the other eight are little better than 
 large nKks ; but, though low and flat, they are covered 
 with wood, and abound with inhabitants. Wc (Veered 
 to the northward of thcfe iflands, W. by S. having a 
 (Irong fouth-weftcrly current. In the night we fell 
 in. witii another pleafant ifland of confTdirable extent. 
 By the many (ires we faw, it appeared to be inhabited, 
 but wc faw none of the natives. We called this flat, 
 green ifle. Sir Charles Hardy's Ifland. It is fituatcd 
 in latitude 4 deg. 50 min. fouth ; and bore weft 1 5 
 leagues from the northernmofl of the nine iflands. On 
 the 25th, at day Dreak we difcovcred another large 
 high ifland, which received the name of VVinchelfea's 
 Ifland ; and is diltant from Sir Charles Hardy's Ifland 
 ten leagues, in the diredion of S. by E. On Wednef- 
 day the 26th, an ifland was difcovered to the north- 
 waird, which the Captain fuppofed to be the fame that 
 was feen by Schoutea, and called the ifland of Sc. John. 
 Not many hoursafter. Nova Britannia appeared, and the 
 Swallow entered w hat was thought to be a deep bay, 
 or gulf, which Uampierhaddiflinguiflied by the name of 
 St. George's Bay. It lies in latitude 5 dcg. fouth ; longi- 
 tude c 5 2 deg. 1 9 min. call. Here we caft anchor, whilethe 
 bojrs «ent to fcarch for a good harbour; which, when 
 No. 34. 
 
 they returned, and reported to have found, the united 
 flrength of the whole (hip's company was not fufficient 
 to weigh the anchon an inftance of debility foincwhKt 
 fimilar to that related in Commodore Anfon's voyage^ 
 when the Centurion arrived at Tinian. It was not 
 until the next day, when our ftrength was fomewhat 
 recruited, that the anchor was brought up, and it was 
 then found to have been fo much injured, as to be totally 
 unfcrviceable. Noflfhcould bccaught.eitherbythefeine, 
 or hook and line: Come rockoyfters and ciockles were, 
 however, obtained, and in the country fome cocoa-nuts, 
 with wood and water. The upper part of the tree 
 which bears the cocoa-nut, is called the cabbage, 
 which is a white, crifp, juicy fubftancet if eaten raw it 
 tafles fomewhat like a chefnut, but when boiled is 
 fuperior to the bed parfnip. This was cut fmall into 
 the broth, which was made of the portable foup, and 
 being thickened with fome oatmeal, made a mo(t com- 
 fortable mcfs; for each of thefe cabbages we were forced 
 to cut down a tree, which was done with great regret, 
 but the depredation on the parent (tock was unavoidable. 
 This regimen, with the milk of the nut, relieved the 
 (ick prefently, and recovered them very faft. Here 
 we found nutmeg-trees in great plenty : they did not 
 appear to be the bcft fort, which mav be owing partly 
 to their growing wild, and partly tv. 'Keir bemg too 
 much in the fliade of taller trees: all the difl^erent forts 
 of palm were alfo found. Wc likewife received great 
 refrelhmcnt from the fruit of a tall tree, that refembles 
 a plumb, and particularly that which in the Weft Indies 
 is called the Jamaica plumb. Here we faw many 
 trees, (hrubs, and plants, altogether unknown ; but no 
 efculcnt vegetables of any kind. In the woods, a large 
 bird with black plumage was feen, which made a noife 
 like the barking of a dog. The only quadrupeds fome 
 of our people faw, were two of a fmall (ize, which 
 were fiippoftd to be dogs : they were very wild, and 
 ran with great fwiftncfs. None of the human race ap- 
 peared, but we found feveral deferted habitations. By 
 the (hells fcattered about them, with fome fticks 
 half burnt, and the embers of a fire, it appeared, that 
 the natives had but juft left the place when the Swallow 
 arrived, or more probably they fled at her approach. 
 If the people may be judged of from the appearance of 
 their dwellings, they muft ftand low even in the fcale 
 of favage life, for they were the moft miferable hovels 
 we had ever feen. A fmall ifland in this bay we called 
 Wallis's Ifland. The harbour, in which our (hip lay, 
 received the name of Englilh Cove; and here Captain 
 Carteret took pofTeflion of the country, with all its 
 iflands, bays, ^rts. and harbours, for the king his 
 mailer ; nailing upon a high tree a piece of board, faced 
 with lead, on which was engraved an Englilh union, the 
 name of the (hip, and her commander ; the name given 
 to the cove; and the time of coming in and failing out 
 of it. 
 
 On the 7th of September, being Monday, we left this 
 cove, and anchored on the fame day aimoft clofe to a 
 grove of cocoa-nut trees, where we plentifully fupplied 
 ourfelves with fruit and the cabba^. We called this 
 place Carteret's Harbour, which bemg formed by the 
 main and two iflands, one of them was named Leigh's, 
 and the other Cocoa-nut Ifland. The Captain now 
 refolved to fail for Batavia, while the monfoon con.> 
 tinued favourable : on the 9th, therefore, we weighed 
 anchor, and when about four leagues from land, the wind 
 and current being both againft us, we ftecred round the 
 coaft ii.to a channel between two iflands, which channel 
 was divided by another ifland, to which Captain Car.> 
 teretgave the name of the Duke of York's idand, near 
 which arefe«reral fmaller iflands. To the fouth of the 
 largeft of thchi are three hills of Angular form, which 
 vere called the Mother and Daughters, one of which 
 we fuppofed to be a volcaco from the large clouds of 
 fmoke that were feen ilTuing from it. A point we 
 called Cape Pallifer, lies to the eaft of thefe hills, and 
 Cape Stephens to the weft { north of which laft, lies an 
 ifland, which took the name of the Ifle of Man. The 
 country in general is mountainous and woody, and was 
 fuppoled to be inhabited, from the numbers of fires feen 
 
 f M' 
 
 
 C 
 
 on 
 
^intkimm^ik^ 
 
 286 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 ort it in the night. On the Duke ol -York's llland.the 
 houlea vrerc lituaced a nong groves of cocoa-nut trees, 
 and thus formed a, nioft beautiful profpcd. Wc bi-ought 
 to, for the ni^ht, ind failed again in the morning, when 
 fomc of the Indidiih put oif in canoes towards the Hiipt 
 but the wind being tiiir and blowing frefli, \i wa^ not 
 thought prudent to wait for them. We now (leered 
 N. W. by W. and loft fight ol'Ne w Britain on the 1 1 thi 
 when it was found that what h^d been taken for a biy, 
 ykaa i ftrait, artd it was called St. George's ChartntI, 
 whilft the ifland ort the north of it received the name of 
 New Ireland. In Uib evening we difcetvered a hr^e 
 ifland, well clothed with verdure, which was denomi- 
 nated Sandwich Illand : oft' this ifland the (hip lay great 
 part (Wthe night, during which time a perpetual noifc 
 fcfembling the found of a drum was heard from the 
 Ihorc. When wc had almoft cleared the ftrait, the 
 weather falling calm, a number of canoes approached 
 jthe (hip, and though their crews could not be prevailed 
 on to go on boards they exchanged fome trifles with us 
 for nails and bits of iron, which they preferred to cvefy 
 thing clfe that was olfered them. Though the canoes 
 of thcfc people were formed out of fingle trees, they 
 were between 80 and 1 00 feet in length. The natives 
 Were negroes, and their hair was of the woolly kind ; 
 but they had neither thick lips nor flat nofes. They 
 wore (hell-work on their legs and arms, but were othcr- 
 .Wife naked. Their hair and beards were powdered 
 with white powder, and a feather was ftuck into the 
 head of each, above the ear. Their weapons confifted 
 of a long flick and a fpear; and it was ob(ervcd, that 
 they had fifliing-ncts and cordage. 
 
 Sailing from hence weftward, wc came in fight of the 
 S. W. point of the illand ; it was called Cape Byron ; 
 near which is an ifland of confiderable extent, which 
 received the name of New Hanovcr. The ftrait we 
 hiid now paflcd was called Byron's Strait j one of the 
 largcft iflands we had feen, Byfon's Ifland, and theS. W. 
 point of New Hanover, Queen Charlotte's foreland. 
 On the following day, we (aw feveral fmalt iflands, 
 which received the name of the Duke of Portland's 
 Iflands. Having completely navigated St. George's 
 Channcl,the whole length of which is about 100 leagues. 
 We held on a weftward courfe, and on Monday the 
 14th, difcovercd feveral iflands. The next morning 
 fome hundreds of the natives came off in canoes to- 
 wards the (hip, and vere invited on board by every 
 token of firiendfliip and good will ; notwithilanding 
 which, when they came within reach, they threw feveral 
 lances at the feamen on the deck. A great gun and 
 feveral mufquets were then (ired at them, by which 
 fomc were kUIcd or wounded ; on which they rowed 
 towards fliore ; and after they had got to a diftance, a 
 (hut was (ired, f^o as to fall beyond them, to convince 
 them that they were not out of the reach of the guns. 
 Soon after, fomc other canoes advanced from a diftant 
 part of the iflanJ, and one of them coming nearer than 
 the reft, the people m it were invited on board the fliip : 
 inftcdd of complying, they threw in a number of darts 
 and lances. This alfault was returned by the firirtg of 
 feveral mufquets, by which one of the Indians was 
 killed; on which his companions jumped over-board, 
 «nd fwam to the other canoes, all of whom rowed to 
 the ftiorc. The canoe being taken on board, was found 
 - Eb contain turtle, and fome other fi(h, alfo a fruit of a 
 fpecics between an apple and a plum, hitherto unknown 
 to Kuropeans. Thefe people were moftly negroes, 
 with woolly hair, which they powdered, and went 
 naked, except the ornair-^nts of (hells round their arms 
 ^d legs. We now coafted along the iflands, to which 
 wc gave the general name of the Admiralty Iflands, 
 They have a beautiful appearance, being covered with 
 woods, groves of cocoa-nut trees and the houfes of the 
 natives. The largcft wc computed to be about 50 
 miles in length ; and they produce many valuable arti- 
 cles, particularly fpiccs. We difcovcred two fmall ver- 
 dant iflands, on Saturday tl«! 19th, which were called 
 Durour's Ifland and Matty's Klartd, the inhabitants of 
 which laft ran along the coaft with lights during the 
 
 night. Wc had (ight of other two (inall iflands on the 
 24th, which were called Stephens's Iflands, and which 
 abounded with beautiful trees. Wc faw alfo three 
 ifliknd^ on Friday the 25th, in the evening, when the 
 natives catheoH^ in canoes, and wentt)n board the fliip. 
 Theyt. bartered cocoa-nuts for fome bits of iron, with 
 which metal they did not fccm unacquainted, and ap- 
 peared extravagantly fond of it. They called it parram, 
 and hinted that a fliip fometihies touched at their 
 iflands.' Thefr |)ctiple were of the copper colour, 
 and had fine blade hail-; but their beaids were very 
 fmall, as tncy wcl-e continually plucking the hair from 
 their faces. Their teeth were c\cn and white, and 
 their Countenances Very agreeable. They were fo cx- 
 trcmelyadivethatthcyranup tothcmaft head quicker 
 than the failoi-s. Every thing that was given them 
 they ate and drank with freedom, and fccmed to have 
 no fort bf refcrvfc in their behaviour. A piece of fine 
 matting Airappcd found their waifts, conHitutcd the 
 whole of their drcfs, and good nature appeared to he 
 the only rule of their atlions. The cufrcnt carry inii 
 the ftiip fwiftly along, the Captain had Hot the oppor- 
 tunity of landing ; and was therefore obliged to refufe 
 gratifying thcfc friendly people in that particular, 
 though they very readily offiercd that fomc of their 
 people ftiould remain as hoftagcs for the fafc return of 
 any of the ofliccrs or (hip's company who (hould chu(c 
 to go on fliorc. Finding that their offer was not ac- 
 cepted, one of tlie Indians abfblutcly rcfufed to quit 
 the fliip : he was carried in confcqucncc, as far as the 
 ifland of Celebes, where he dictl. This man was 
 named Jofeph Frecw ill, and wc called the largcft of the 
 ifles. Freewill Ifland, (by the nativcJi called Pegan.) 
 The names of the two other iflands were Onata and 
 Onello;. 
 
 An ifland was difcovcred from the maft-head as w c 
 held on our courfe, on Monday the 28th, in the even- 
 ing, but wc neither landed there nor gave it a name. 
 Monday the I2th ofOdtober, we faw a fmall iflc which 
 wc named Current Ifland, from the great ftrcngth of 
 the foutherly curreni in thofe parts ; and the next day 
 two iflands were difcovcred, to which we gave the name 
 of St. Andrew's Ifland. The next lancl appeared to 
 be Mindanao, along the S. E, part of which we coafted, 
 feeking for a bay which Dampicr had defcribed ; but 
 this we could not find. I'hc boat, however, found a 
 little creek at the fouthcrn extremity of the iflc, near 
 which a tow n and a fort were feen. The people having 
 defcried the boat from the fliore, a gun was fired, and 
 feveral tanocscame off after it. . The lieutenant there- 
 fore retreated towards the (hip, which when the canoes 
 difcovcred, they retired and made towards the (hore. 
 We now flood to the caftward, and on Monday the 2d 
 of November, anchored in a bay near the fliorc, whither 
 the boats were difpatched to take in water. No figns 
 appeared of that part of the ifland being inhabited ; 
 a canoe however came round a point, fcemingly with 
 a view of obfcrving us, which rowed back again, after 
 having taken a furvcy of the vclFel. In the night, a 
 great noife was heard on the fhorc, fomcwhat like the 
 war-fong of the Americans. The Captain therefore 
 made proper preparations to defend himfclf in cafe 
 hoftilities ftiould be commenced on the part of the 
 idanders. One of the boats was fent on ftiorc for 
 water the next morning, and the other was ordered to 
 hold herfelf in rcadincfi, in Cafe her aftiftancc ftiould 
 be neceffary. The crew had no fooncr landed than 
 feveral armed men came forward from the woods, and 
 one of them held upfomething white, which being con- 
 ftrued as a fign of amity, the Captain having no white 
 flag on board, determined to fend the lieutenant U-ith 
 a table cloth in order to anfwcr the token of peace. 
 For the prefcnt this had the dcfired eft'cd. Two In.> 
 dians, who fpoke bad Dutch and Spanift), having at 
 laft made themfelves undrrftood by the oiHcer, in the 
 latter language, made feveral inquiries which chicflv 
 turned upon defiring to be informed whether the (hip 
 belonged to the ftatcs of Holland, and whether (he was 
 iMund to Batavia or clfewhcrc. He alfo wanted to 
 
 know 
 
 
 
 I 
 
r E. 
 
 Hands on ihc 
 Is, and which 
 w alfo three 
 „ «hcn (he 
 >ard the fliip. 
 of iron, with 
 'cd, and ap- 
 ed it parrani, 
 lied at their 
 Ppcr colour, 
 ;ls were very 
 he hair from 
 
 white, and 
 were fo cx- 
 icad quicker 
 given them 
 >ied to Jiavc 
 piece of fine 
 iflitutcd the 
 reared to be 
 nt carrying 
 
 the oppor- 
 ;cd to refufe 
 
 particular, 
 nc of their 
 ifc return of 
 lliould chufc 
 was not ac- 
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 5 <ar as the 
 is man was 
 rgeft of the 
 led Pegan.) 
 Onata and 
 
 •head as we 
 n the even- 
 it a name. 
 I iflc which 
 ftrength of 
 ic next day 
 'e the name 
 ppearcd to 
 we coaftcd, 
 :ribed ; but 
 ■r, found a 
 : iflc, near 
 )plc having 
 fired, and 
 nant there - 
 the canoes 
 the fliorc. 
 iday the 2d 
 'c, whither 
 No figns 
 inhabited ; 
 ingly with 
 gain, after 
 e night, a 
 at like the 
 therefore 
 :lf in cafe 
 irt of the 
 fliore for 
 ordered to 
 ice ihould 
 idcd than 
 ■oods, and 
 «ing con- 
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 of pcace< 
 Two In- 
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 h chiefly 
 • the Ihip 
 :r file was 
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Captain CARTERET's VOVAGE — for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. lif 
 
 •MV I r- 
 
 know whether flic was a Ihip of war, and what number 
 of guns (he carrieil. Having been refolved as to thefe 
 inrticukrs, he fiiii they nlighc pi'occcd to the town ; 
 fomc armed Indians ^iere ordorw to retreat, and the 
 lieutenant preferitcd a (ilk hindkerchief to the pCrfon 
 he converfcd with, rcciiviiig a neckcloth in return. 
 When the Ciiptiin holrd this, hd wai highly pleafed, 
 thinking that all rriattct^^ wtrc rtow in a proper train, 
 rlpecially as he had received fi fupply of wdter ; but 
 while he was enjoying this prof^iil, he perceived fome 
 hundreds of armed Indiarls tin the Hidre, who held up 
 their targets, and brdndidied their ftvords, by way of 
 defiance, and at the fame tiirlcdifcharge'd their larices 
 and arrows towards the vc(tcl. Notwithllanding this 
 hoftilc appearance, the Captairt was (^iil wiliirip, if iwf- 
 (ilile, to avoid coming to extremities with the iflanaers, 
 and for that purpofe, fent the licutcnarit on fliore to 
 difplay again the former (Ign of peace. As the boat 
 approached the fliore, biit without landing her men, 
 one of the natives licckoned them to crime *hcre he 
 Hood, but the lieutenant did ndt chufe to obey this 
 fummons, left he fliould come within reach ftf the 
 arrows of the iflanders. He ndw concluded that there 
 were Dutchmen or people in th<i Dutch interc(t on 
 fliore, to whofe interference this apparent alteration in 
 the difpoficion of the natives was Owing, sind who had 
 irritated the natives agdinft the Swallow's creW, on be- 
 ing informed that (he was an Fjij^lifli vcllll. Captain 
 Carteret however failed from this place, which he called 
 Deceitful Bay, with a full intention to vifit the town; 
 but foon after the wind blowing violently in (hore, he 
 altered his re(blution, arid (leered dircdtly for Batavia, 
 which wax probably the beft cdurft he could have taken 
 in fuch a critical (Ituation. 
 
 On Saturday the 1 4th of Noverhber, ^^c reached the 
 ftrait of Maca(rar, which (Irait lies between the illands 
 of Celebes and Borneo. To a point of the former, we 
 at this time gave the name of Hummock Point ; and to 
 the we(tward of this point we difcOvercd a great many 
 boats fifhing upon the fhoals. On the aift, we were iri 
 light of two very finall illands, which were covered 
 with verdure, and Captain Carteret fuppofed them to 
 be the Taba I lies, mentioned in the French charts. We 
 crolTed the equino(5tial line, and came into fouthern 
 latitude. Oil Sunddy the 29th; the tornadoes becoming 
 Violent, and the current felting a-iinft us. Death had 
 now »iimini(hcd the crew, and (ickncfs was daily weaken- 
 ing the remainder. We had fight of the Little Pater- 
 Nollers (iflands fo called) which are fituate fotnething 
 more than two degrees to the fouthward of the cqui- 
 no<!tial line, but the winds and currents would notfutfer 
 us at that time to land tor any rcfre(hment. At this 
 time the whole crew were ilikcafflided with thefcUrvy ; 
 and what was very diftrclling we were attacked foOn 
 after in the night by a piratical veffd, which had been 
 feen the evening before. She engaged us with fwivel 
 guns and final! arms ; but though we could not foe the 
 enemy, we returned her fire fo warmly that we fent her 
 to the bottom, and all her crew periflied. As to the 
 Swallow (he received foiile fmall damage, and had two 
 perfons wounded on board. The velTcl that flie fuftk 
 belonged to a pirate who had rto lefs than thirty of them 
 engaged in the bulinefs of plunder, which conftantly 
 infclted thefe feas. 
 
 The diteafes of our men rirtw daily incrcifed* By the 
 1 2th, we had kJll i \ of our crew, and 30 others were 
 almoft on the point of death. The wellerly monfoon 
 being fct in we could have no hopes of reaching Ba- 
 tavia, andoirr (ituation was fuch that we muft peri(h if 
 We could not fpecdily make land. On this accdunt, 
 it was refolved todeer for MacafTar, a Dutch fettlement 
 on the ifland otX'elebes ; and happily we accdmpliflied 
 our detign, coming td anchor off that ifland, at the dif- 
 tanceofniorc than a league from Maca(rar,on Tuefday 
 the 1 5th 9f December. 
 
 The governor fent a Dutchman 6n tward the Swalldw 
 late that night, who feemed much alarmed on finding 
 that Hit was an Englifli (hip of war, and would nottruft 
 kmffllt in Che eabin. Jiarly the next morning, the 
 
 Captain difpatched a letter to the governor, requcfting 
 leave to bin' proViflons, dnd to (helter His fliip till the 
 feafon for (ailirig \('eftward cdme on. The boat a riving 
 dt the (hore, none of the crew were (\lftered to lartJ ; and, 
 the lieutenant having refufcd to deliver the lattef td 
 any but the governor hinrtfelf, two officers, cdllcd the 
 Shebandar and the Fifcal, came to him with a meflagc, ' 
 importing that the governor was (ick aild had command- ' 
 ed them to cdmc for the letter. Th'; licutenantj; 
 thdugh he thought this was only a hiere pretence, at 
 length delivered the letter, which they took away with 
 them. After the bodt's crew had waited without any 
 rcfre(hments for fevcral hours iri the hedt of the fun^ 
 they were told thdt the governor had drdcred two gentlc- 
 rrien to wait on their Captain with an anfwei-. As the 
 bdat lay offthe vVharf, dur rieople on btilard obfcrved a 
 great hurry dn (hore, dnd concluded that all hands 
 Were bufy in fitting out armed ve(rel.'5, d circuitiftancC 
 which could not much contribute to our fatisfadion. 
 But according to the ptomife given, foon after the, 
 boat's return, two geritlemen of the names of De Cerf 
 and Douglas, came with difpatches, deflring, that the 
 (hip might inf^antly depart from the port, without 
 coining any hearer td the town ; inlilUiig that (he fliould 
 not anchor on any part of the cdall, and that the Captain 
 fliould not permit any of the people to land on any place 
 under the governor's jurifdidlion. 
 
 The Captairt could not but fen(ibly fbel the cruelty of 
 this proceeding. As the llrorigeft argurricnt that could 
 be ufed in aiiTwtr to the letter, he fliewcd his dying 
 men td the gentlemen, and urged the neccitity of thd 
 cafe ; nor could they but feel the propriety of granting 
 refrethnlents to the fubjeds of a power at peace with 
 their country, and who wefc in fuch a deplorable (itua- 
 tion } but they obferved that their ordcri were dbfolUte and! 
 muft be obeyed. Incenfcd at this treatrrtent. Captain 
 Carteret, at laft.dedared, that he wouldcome to an anchor 
 clofe to the town, and then, if they perfifted in refufing 
 him necelTary refrtfliments, that he would ruri the (hip 
 aground, when his crew would fell their lives ds dear as 
 polfible. Being aldrmed at this declaration, they in- 
 treated the Captain to remain in his prefcnt (ituation 
 till further orders (hould arrive. This he ptomifed, on 
 condition that an anfwer fliould be fent before the fetting 
 In of the fca-breeze the next day; 
 
 In thcmorning early, it was obfcrved that a (loop of 
 vfar, and another velTel with foldiers on board, anchored 
 under the, (hip's bows. They refufed to fpeak with 
 Captain Carteret, and as he weighed and fct fail with 
 the fca-breeze, they did the fame, and clofely followed 
 him. As he proceeded, a velTel frottl the town ap- 
 prodched hini, whefeiri were fevcral gentlemen, arid Mn 
 Douglas aniong them ; but, till the Swallow dropped 
 dnchorthey could riot come dn board. They exprelFed 
 fome furpHte at the Engli(h ve(rers having advanced 
 fo far ; but the Captdin alledged that he had only afted 
 accdrding to his former declantion, which his prefent 
 fltuation would fufBciently juftif^ to every candid 
 pierfdri. 
 
 Thefe geritlenieri brought with thcrri twd (heep, fome 
 fowls, fruit, and other proviflons, which were extremely 
 welcome to the Englifli; but, after they had made fevend 
 propofals, with which he could not comply, he fliewed 
 them the dead body of a rnart who had expired but i 
 few hours before, arid whofe life rnight probably have, 
 been (aved, hdd the Ekitch fent them d timely fupply of 
 refre(hrtients, arid again declared his refdtutid'n of ex- 
 ecutii^ what He haathrcatcned, if they \tduid not com-- 
 ply with his requifition. His guefti now enquired 
 whether the (hip had touched dt the fpice iflaiids, and 
 were anfwered in the negative. At laft it t^as agreedj 
 that the Swdllow fhotild fail fot a bdy dt a little diftance, 
 where an hofpital for the fick might be provided, and 
 where provihoris were gerierally plentiful, and, if thei« 
 was a want of any article, they might be fupplied oc- 
 cadonally from the town; It will ht imagined that a 
 propofal of this kind wdi readily agreed td by Captairt 
 
 ICai terct ; all he infifted upon was, that it ihdtild bo 
 ratified by the governor atid council, which was dfter- 
 %ird) 
 
 ;.'# 
 
 l\ 
 
 ^t 
 
 ': t ■,■. 
 
 ''K^ 
 
 i ; 
 
 
288 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 Ml 
 
 hi 
 
 I' ■! 
 
 wards tJonc in the proper manner. He coul<< not for- 
 bear afking, however, for what reafon the two vcffels 
 had anchored under his Ihip's bows. He received for 
 anfwer, that this was only done in a friendly manner, to 
 protciit her from any infult that mipht be olfered by the 
 natives of the country, While this treaty was going 
 forward, the Englifh Captain had nothing to give his 
 pifeth but rotten bifcuit and bad fall meat i however, 
 they had oixlered .in elepant dinner to be dreflcd on 
 lx)ard their own veflel, w hich was afterwards fervcd up 
 at his table, and they parted in friendlhip. 
 
 The next day an officer from the town came on board, 
 to whom the Captain applied to get money for his bills 
 on the Englilh government. 1-Ie proniifcd to cndca- 
 vour to do this, and for that purpofe went on lliorc. 
 but when he returned in the evening, he faid that there 
 was no perfon in the town that had any ca(h to remit 
 to Kurope, and that the company's ched was quite 
 empty. This was a great difliculty; however it was 
 furmounted at lail by an order being fent to the Re* 
 lident at Bonthain, who had money to remit, and w ho, 
 in confequcncc received the bills in quclhon. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 III. 
 
 ftv S:i-a/h::'/aih/vom Maca^jr to nonlhuin — Trtiitfii^/ions diirinji bfr Pay at this place — A drfcriptinn nflbe tdvn of i\TM\i/!ar 
 ivid eircHmjacnit enitnlry — She pncceds from the hay of Bonihai i, in ll.u-iikndofCflfl'es, to Batavta, in the ijlvid of 
 Java — Remarkahk inadenti and tranfaflions — The S-vallmv aubtrs at Oiifiill, /// ordrr to hair her difefls repaired — 
 An arroiint of the Dutch fovernor, and the courlemif Mmviouv of AJmiral Ihuling to Captain Carteret — Tlje Stcallo^v 
 bein;^ refitted departs from (hintll — Lofes man\ of her hands hy Ji<kiief< — Arrnrs at Primes Ijlaiid in the Strait of Sunda 
 — Run from th>'ner to the Cape of Good Nope — Anchors in Table Hay — Malces the tjland of St. Helena — Proceeds to 
 the iJlaiid of Afcenfon, and comes to an anchor in Cnfs Hil! Hay — Conlimifs her 'iovrftr — /i hailed hy a I'reinh jhip, 
 commanded by M. l}oii«ainville — Enters the F.iii^lijh Cha inel — Ami, after a tine pajfa^e, and fair ivnid, from the 
 Cape of Good Hope, amb-jrs at Spithead, on Saturday the icihof Manh, \-jt>*), baiin^leett abfent two years and /even 
 
 , months. 
 
 ON Tucfday the 15th, we anchored, as wc have 
 obfcrved, at the diHance of four miles from rhc 
 town of .VlacaHar, which, by our reckoning, lie in 
 latitude 5 dog. 10 min. S. and in 117 deg. 28 m!n. E. 
 longitude, having been in our run from the S'.rait of 
 Magellan not Icfs than .35 weeks. On Sundav chc 20th, 
 w e failed, at day-break, and in the aften.oon of the 
 enfuing day, anchored in the road of Bonthain. The 
 guard boats were immediately moored clofe to the 
 liior?, to prevent all cominuiiicatton between our boats 
 and thofe of the country. Captain Carteret having 
 waited upon the rcrulcnt,'to fettle the price, and mode 
 of procuring provifions, a houfe was allotted to his ufc, 
 fituated near the fea-fidc, and clofe to a fmall fort of 
 eight guns, the only one in thif^ place. The houfe 
 being fitted up as an hofpital, the lick were landed, 
 and as foon as our people were ' n Ihore, a guard of {6 
 privates, two fergcants, and two corporals, under the 
 command of I .e Ccrf, was fet over them, who were not 
 permitted to above 30 yards from the hofpital, nor were 
 anyof the natives futtered to come near enough to fell 
 them any thing ; fo that the profits of the traffic fell 
 into the hands of the Dutch foldiers, whofe gains were 
 immoderate ; fo great indeed, that fome ofthem fold 
 various articles at a profit of more than a thoufand per 
 cent after having extorted the provifions at what price 
 they plcafed from the natives ; and if a countryman 
 ventured to exprefs any figns of difcontent, a broad 
 fword was immediately flouriihcd over his head ; this 
 was always fufficient to filcnce complaint, and fend the 
 lufferer quietly away. The Captain having remon- 
 ftratedwith Mr. Swcllingrable on the injuftice ofihis 
 procedure, he reprimanded the foldiers with becoming 
 fpirit ; but this produced no good effed; and after this, 
 Le Ccrf "s w;fe fold provifions at more than double the 
 prime coft, while it was fufpcftcd, that he fold arrack 
 to ijie feamen. It was the duty of one of th^ foldiers, 
 by rotation, to procure the day's provil^on for the whole 
 guard, which fervice he performed by going into the 
 country with his mufquct and bag ; nor was this honeft 
 provider fatisfied with what his bag would hold, for 
 one of them, wnhout any ceremony, drove down a 
 young buffalo, and his comrades fupplied themfelves 
 with wood lodrefs it from the pallitadoes of the fort. 
 The Capuin thought the report of this fad fo ex- 
 traordinary, that he went on ihore to fe« the breach, 
 and found the poor blacks repairing it. On the 26th 
 and 27th, three veffels arrived here, one of which had 
 troops on board, deftined for the Band* Iflands, but 
 
 their boats not hcing allowed to fpeak with any of our 
 people, the t iiptain prevailed oifthe refident, to pur- 
 thafc for his ufc four calks of very good fait provilioas, 
 two being |virk, and two beef. On Monday the 28th, 
 above roo country vctU'ls, called proas, anchored in the 
 bay (if l5onthain. Thefe vcllels lilh round the illand 
 of Celebes, going out at one monfoon, and coming back 
 with the other: they carry I3urch colours, and fend the 
 pm<liirc of their labours to China for fale. 
 
 On VIond.iy the iSth of January, a let- . j^ f„ 
 trr tioin Macalfar was brought to the ' ' '' ' 
 Captain, by which he was informed, that the Dolphin, 
 our old confort, had been at Batavia. On Thurfday 
 the iSth, the fecrctary of the council, who accompanied 
 Le Ccrf hither, received orders to return to Macaflar. 
 Our carpenter by this time having greatly recovered his 
 health, began to er.'inine into the condition of the 
 Swallow, an>i Ihe was found to have fevcral leaks; and 
 as little 'ould be done to thefc, we were reduced to an 
 entire dependance on our pumps. Her main-mad 
 was alfo fprung, and appeared to be rotten. As no 
 wood could be procured here to make a new one, wc 
 patched it up, without cither iron orforge, as well as we 
 could. On the 19th of February, Le Ccrf, the military 
 officer was /tcalled, m order, as was reported, to make 
 preparations for an expedition to the illand of Bally ; 
 and on Monday the -th of March, the largeft of the 
 guard boats, a lloop of 40 tons, was likewifc ordered to 
 return ti Macaflar, with part of the foldiers. On the 
 9th, the relident received a If ft 1 from the governor, 
 enquiring when Captain Caritret would fail for Batavia, 
 though he nuift have known this would not be before 
 theeaftern monfoon fet in, which would not be till May. 
 Thefe were fufpicious circumftanccs, which gained 
 flrength toward the conclulion of the month, at which 
 time a canoe was obfcrved to paddle round the ihip, 
 feveral times in the night, and to retire as foon as *>i- 
 was fecn. It is proper coobferve here, that the t'^-vn ot 
 Macaflar is in a dillrid called Macaflar, or Bony, tliC 
 king whereof is an ally of the Dutch, who have fre» 
 quently been repulfcd in their attempts to reduce otncr 
 parts of the ifland, one of which is inhabited by a peo- 
 ple called BiigguelFcs, and another W.iggs, or Toibra. 
 The lalt place is fortified with cannon; for the natives 
 were acquainted ^^ ith the ufe of fire-arms, and were fup- 
 plied with them from Europe, before the Dutch 
 fettled themfelves at Macalfar in the room of the 
 Portugucfc. 
 
 On TuelUaythe 29th, a black man delivered a letter 
 
 to 
 
 \ 
 
■IMI 
 
 Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE— for making DHcoveries in the Sow the* n Ocean, &c. 189 
 
 
 10 our lieutenant, diretfted to " The Commander of the 
 Ertglifti ftiip at Bonthain," the purport of which wa« 
 to acquaint the Captain, that the kins of Bony, in con- 
 jun(flion with the Dutch, had formed a dcfign to cut us 
 ofTi they were not to appear in the bulincfs, but the fon 
 of the king of Bony was appointed the principal agent. 
 Bcfides the plunder of the Swallow, he was to receive 
 a gratuity from hii employers. The letter intimated 
 that he was now at Bontham, with 800 men, ready to 
 execute the projcdl, which was formed from a jealoufy 
 of our being conneifled wit;h the enemies of the Dutch, 
 with a view of expelling them out of the ifland t or at 
 lead they fufpedted, that by our intelligence, a fchcmc 
 of that kind might be planned, on our return to Eng- 
 land. This letter became a new fubjed of fpeculation, 
 and though ill written, with refpedt to ftylc and man- 
 ner, yet It did not therefore deferve the Icfs notice j 
 efpecially when we recolledled the recall of Lc Ccrf, and 
 otner remarkable circumftances, which have been 
 already related. However, whether the intelligence, 
 and our conjectures, were true or falfe, it was our duty 
 to take proper meafures for our fecurity. Accordingly 
 all hands were immediately fct to work. Wc rigged 
 the (hip, bent the fails, unmoored, got fprings upon our 
 cables, loaded all our guns, and barricadocd the deck. 
 Every one (Icpt under arms during the night ; and the 
 next day being the 30th, wc fixed four fwivel guns on 
 the fore part of the quarterdeck ; and warped the fliip 
 farther ofT from the bottom of the bay, towards the 
 eadern fliore, that, in cafe of neceffity, wc might have 
 more room for adlion. At this time the rcfidcnt was 
 up the country, tranfading bulinefs for the company, 
 and, before his departure, he told the Captain, he (hould 
 ceruinly return l^ the ill of April. It was now the 
 4th, and we had neither feen him, nor received any 
 anfwer to a letter the Captain had wrote him; but on 
 Tuelday the 5th, he came on board, and a few minutes 
 convinced us, he was not in any refpedl privy to the 
 fuppofcd defign asainft us. He acknowledgeci, that a 
 miniller of the kmg of Bony, had lately paid him a 
 viflt, and had not well accounted for his being in this 
 part of the country ; and, at the Captain's requeft, very 
 readily undertook to make farther enquiries concerning 
 Bony and his people ; and a few days after he fent us 
 word, that having made a very ftridl enquiry, whether 
 any perfons belonging to the king of Bony had been 
 at Bonthain, he had Men informed, that one of the 
 princes uf that kingdom had been there in difguife ; 
 but that of the 800 men, who were faid, according to 
 our intelligence, to be with him, he could find no 
 traces. At this viiit, while aboard, Mr. Swcllingrabel 
 took notice of the (hip, obfcrving, that it was put in a 
 (lateof defence, and feeing every thing ready for im- 
 mediate aiAion, he faid, that the people on fliore had 
 informed him of our vigilance and adHvity, and in 
 particular, of our having exercifcd our men at fmall 
 arms every da^. In return, the Captain told him, 
 V c thould continue' on our guard, which he feemed to 
 approve, and wc parted with mutual promifes of 
 triend(hip and good faith. 
 
 On Saturday the 1 6th, the refidcnt, M. LcCcrf, with 
 another officer, who was likewife an enfign, came on 
 board and dined with us. After dinner, the Captain 
 alked Le Ccrf, what was become of his expedition to 
 Bally, to which he anfwered drily, that it was laid aflde, 
 without faying any thing more on the fubjedt. On 
 the 231x1, he returned to MacafTar, and the other eniwn 
 took upon him the command of the foldiers that (Ull 
 renuined at this place. The fcafon now advanced 
 apace, when navi^^ion to the wedward wouM again 
 be pradicable, which gave ui all great pleafure, efpeci- 
 ally as putrid fevers began to make their appearance 
 among ut, by which feveral were attacked, and one was 
 carried off. On the 7th of May, Capttin Carteret re- 
 ceived a long letter, written in Dutch, from the gover- 
 nor of Macalur, the general purport of which was, to 
 exculpate himfelf from the charge of having, in con- 
 jundion with the king of Bony, formed a defign to cut 
 us off. He denied, in the gioft folemn manner, his 
 
 No. 35. 
 
 having the lead knowled^ of fuch a projed, and re- 
 quired the letter tobe put into hit handst that the writer 
 might bebrouj^t toiuch punilhnKnt as he dcfervcd ; 
 but the Captain wbuld riot deliver up the letter^ know- 
 ing that the writer would certainly haVe been puni(hed 
 with equal feverity, whether the contents were true or 
 falfci and it mull be confeiTed, we hdd the greateft 
 reafon to believe that there was not fufficicnt ground 
 for the main charge contained therein, thdugh it is not 
 equally probable that the writer believed it to be falfe. 
 By the 32nd, we were ready to fail from this place, but 
 before we uke our departure, we (hall make a few ob- 
 fervations ; and alfo give a particular account of the 
 fituation, trade, and produce of the Sunda Iflands, the 
 manners and cufloms of the inhabiunts, dec. as thcfe 
 places are generally mentioned, and fame of thctii 
 touched at, by all our circumnavigators. 
 
 I. Of the Celebes, or the ijland of Macajfaf. 
 
 Southward of the Philippines (of which wc have 
 given a full dcfcription) lies the ifland of Celebes, 
 or MacalFar, extending from i dcg. jomin. N. latitude, 
 to 5 deg. 30 min. S. having the great ifland of Borneo on 
 the weft, and the Molucca's onthe eaft. The length xti 
 it from the S. W. point to the N. E. is about 500 miles, 
 and in the broadeft part of it, it is near 200 miles over. 
 The fourh part of the ifland is divided by a bay feven 
 or eight leagues wide, which runs forty or fifty leagues 
 up into the country, and on the eaft-fide of the ifland 
 are feveral bays and harbours, and abundance of fmaJl 
 iflands and fhoals : towards the north there is fome high 
 land : but on the eafl the country is low and Hat. and 
 watered with many little rivulets. This ifland is di- 
 vided into fix petty kingdoms or provinces, the princi- 
 pal whereof are Celebes, on the >l. W. lying under the 
 equinodiali and MacafTar, which ukes in all the fouth 
 part of the ifland : the reft of the provinces were ufually 
 under the dominion of one of thcfe ; whereupon the 
 ifland fometiniKs receives its name from one, and fome- 
 times from the other. 
 
 The air is hot and moift, the whole country lying 
 under or very near the line, fubjedt to great rains. It 
 is moft healthful during the northern moafoons: if they 
 fail of blowing at their accuftomed time, the ifland 
 grows fickly, and great numbers of people are fwept 
 away. They have mines of copper, tin, and gold, but 
 we do not find they are much wrought ; the gold they 
 have is found chiefty in the fands of their rivers, and 
 at the bottom of hills, wafhed down by torrents. In 
 their woods they have ebony, calambac and landers, 
 and feveral forts of wood proper for dying; and no 
 place, it is faid, affords larger bamboos, fome of them 
 being four or five fathoms long, and above two foot 
 diameter, which they make ufe of in building their 
 houfes and boats. Their fruits and flowers are much 
 the fame with thofe in the Philippines, and therefore 
 we (hall not tire the reader with a repetition of them, 
 only mention fome of the principal. "They have pepper 
 and fugar of their own growth, as well as betel and 
 arek, in great plenty ; but no nutmegs, mace or cloves : 
 however, oi thefe they ufed formerly to import fuch 
 quantities from the fpice iflands that they had fuflicieat 
 for their own ufe, ana fold great quantities to foreigners. 
 Their rice is faid to be better than in any other parts of 
 India, it not being overfkiwed annually as in other 
 countries, but watered from time to time by the huf- 
 bandman as occafion requires; and from the goodnefs 
 of their rice, the lutivcs are of a ftrongcr conftitution 
 than thofe of Siam or other parts of India. Their fruits 
 arc alfo held to be of a more delicious taftc than the 
 fruits of other countries which are expofcd to floods; 
 the plaint here are covered with the cotton (brub which 
 bears a red flower, and when the flower £dlt, it laves 
 a head about as big at a walnut, fiom whence the cotton 
 it drawn t and that which conies irem Macaflar it ac- 
 counted the Jineft in India. Of all their pbnti, opium 
 it what they moft admire ; it m a (hrub which grows 
 at the bottom of mountains, or in ftoa/ ground : the 
 4 D branches 
 
 
 t I 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 

 ( 
 
 
 4 >' 
 
 290 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMPteTK. 
 
 .. 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 branchrs ati\hn\ a liquor which ii drawn out much after 
 the (aiuc manner as palm wine, and being (hip|ird up 
 clufc in a \rm, comes to a contilicncy, when they make 
 it up in little pills : they often dilFolvr f^"- of thcfe pills 
 in water and fprinkic their tol\-,cio w ith it ; and tnofc 
 uho are ufcd to take it can neVcr leave it otV: they arc 
 lulled into a pleuling dream, and inioxicitcd as with 
 ftron^r liquor 1 but it infcnlibly piTvs u|K>n their fpirits 
 and Ihurtens their lives : they will take the quantity of 
 two pins heads in a pipe ol tohacto, when they enter 
 into a battle, and become almoll inlcniibic of wounds 
 or danpirtill tht: ellett of it is worn oiK 
 
 The natives of this illand arc famous tor the jwifons 
 they compound of the venomous drugs and herbs their 
 country produces; of which, it is faid, the very touch 
 or fmcll occalions prcfent death: their yoiuiggcmlcmcn 
 arc inlhuctcd how to blow their little poilbncd darts 
 through a tube or hollow cane, about lix feet in lcn{{th ; 
 with thifc they engage their enemies ; and if they make 
 the Icall wound with thtl'e darts, it is liiid to be mortal. 
 'Ihough thcfe weapons would not be much dreaded 
 among people that are well cloathed, yet as the natives 
 engage naked, their Ikins arceafily penetrated, and the 
 poifun operates fo fpecdily, that it is not cafv to cure 
 then^: they will Itrikc a nun with thefc darts at near an 
 hundred yards diAance. 
 
 MiKali'ar, the chief city here, is lituatcd on the banks 
 of the river of the fame name, near the S. W, corner 
 of the illand. 1 lere the Dutch have a very ftrong fort, 
 mounted with a great number of cannon ; and the gar- 
 rilbn coiilills of Koo mer». The Urects of the town are 
 w ide anv.i neat, but not paved, and trees arc planted on 
 each iiilc ol them. 'Ine palaaes, mofque, and (."^reat 
 hoiifcsarc of ftone, but the houfes of the meaner fort 
 of wo<Hh)f various colours, which make them look very 
 beautiful, but are built on pillars like thofcof Siam, and 
 the roots like theirs alfo are covered with palm or cocoa 
 leaves. Here arc iliops along the fliects, and large 
 tuurkct places, where a market is hild twice in 24 
 hours, viz. in the morning belwc fun-rile, and an 
 hour before fun-ftt, where on\y women are fecn ; a man 
 «ould be laughed at to be found amo n '■ them: from 
 alt the vilbgcs you fee the young wench ..i crowding to 
 market w ith tlelh, hfli, rice and tow Is ? they abltain only 
 from pork, which their religion tbrliids. Upon acorn- 
 putation of the number of mhabitants, in this city and 
 the neighlxiuiinpi villages, ibmc years ago. they amount- 
 ed to 1 60,000 ir.cn able tobcar arms ; but now arc not 
 half that nmber, man\' of them having furfaken their 
 country lince the Dutch deprived them of their trade. 
 The reil ot" the towns and villages were once equally 
 populous, but arc now many of them defcrtcd. The 
 people of MacalCir have excellent memories, and are 
 quick of apprcheniion, they will imitate any thing 
 they fee, and w ouiil probably become good proficients 
 in ail arts and fcicuccs, if they did not want goiod maftcrs 
 to improve their talerKs. 
 
 They have alio llrong fobuit bodies, arc txtrcmely 
 indulbious, and as ready to undergo tiitigues as any 
 people whatever : nor arc any people more addicted to 
 arms and hardy cnterprifcs, infotnuch that they may 
 be looked upon as almoft the only foldiers on the other 
 tide the bay of licngal; and accordingly are hired 
 into the fer\ ire of other princct and ftatcs on ckat fide, 
 Mi the Swifs arc in this part of the woild: even the 
 Europeans fret]uently employ them in their fervice, 
 bet have Ctunetimes fu&iodby truding them too far ; 
 er rather, our people being too apt to ufe them like 
 flavcs, as they do the pooc BorUigiicfc aivl Muftees in 
 their ierviitr; this is a trcatipenc whicbi the Macaflarians 
 *rll not bear, and never fiiil to revenge whtfiicv^r it is 
 attempted by otniuirapcangovcmon. 
 
 Ttu: people of MncalFar ire of a modentc ftature, 
 ulicii: complexions iuarthy, their check-b*nes Hand 
 high, and' their nofes arc gcncially flat ; the laft i& eilcem- 
 td a beauty, and alinall as mtich tiaina taken t ; .make 
 them ib in their infitncy, as to oiakcithe Qiiade ladies 
 ITave little feet. « . ^ . . .. 
 
 . Jlicy ha^(hining>bk«V^haii^,«itaidi is tied iip.and 
 I dwitd t u k 
 
 covered with a turbant, or cloth wound about thcif 
 heads when »hey arc dreflcd, b»it at olhc timet they 
 wear a kind of hat or cap with little brims. 
 
 They continually rub and fupplc the limba of their 
 infants with oil, to render them nimble and ai'Mvc 1 ami 
 this it thought to be one rcafon there is hardly ever 
 fcen a lame or crooked pcrlbn among them. 
 
 Their male children of the Ijctterfort, it is faid, are 
 always taken from their mothcrt at lix or fcven year* 
 of age, and conuuittcd to the care of tome remote re- 
 lation, that they may not be t(x> much indulged and 
 efreminated by the cardies of the mother : they arc fent 
 to fchcnJ to their priells, w ho teach them to write ami 
 read and cart accountt, and the precepts of the koran: 
 their cliara*;lcrs very much rcfcmblc the Arabic, which 
 is not llrange, lince their aiKcrtors, many of them, w-.rc 
 Arabians. 
 
 Betides their books, every child it bred up to Ibmc 
 handicraft trade ; they arc alio taught feveral (ports ami 
 martial cxerrifes, if they are of quality ; but the meaner 
 fort arc employed in hulbandry. (illiing, and ordinary 
 trades, as in other places. 
 
 rhisptH)plc fccinto be irtfpircd with juft notions of 
 honour aiul fritndfliip, and there arc inllances of manv 
 of them who have cxjwfed their lives cscn in defence 
 of foreigners and Ch»ilUans; and of others who ha\c 
 gcntroully relieved and maintained people in dillrels. 
 and even fullered them to fliarc their cllatcs. They re- 
 tained that love of liberty, th:vt they were the laH ot" the 
 Indian nations that were enllavcd by the Dutch, which 
 did not happen nciilicr till after a long and very ex- 
 penlivc war, wherein almoll the whole fince cif the 
 Hollanders in India was employed. Ihc people 111 
 general are very much fubjcet to paiiion; and. they 
 will coiKlemn their own rallmels it they arc in the 
 wrong. 
 
 The women are remarkable cliallc and referved, :it 
 loall they cannot help appearing lo ; for the Icafl fmile 
 orglaiKc on any but their hulbands, is held a fuflicieni 
 realbu fora divorce : nor dare they admit of a vifit even 
 from a brother, but in the j)rclciKc of the hulbandi 
 and the law indemnifies him tbr killing any man he 
 (hall find alone with his wife, or on whom fljc has con- 
 ferrcil any mark of her favour. But the inhabitants of 
 this counu/ are in geiwral fo little addided to in^mous 
 practice*, or litigious difputes, that they have neither 
 attornics or bailitlt among them. If any ditTcrcnces 
 arife, the parties apply pcrfoiwlly to the judge, who 
 determines the matter with expedition and equity. In 
 fomc criminal cafes, fuch as murder, robbery, &c. he 
 has a right to execute julVicc himfclf, by dcrtroying the 
 ortcnder. On the other hand, the man keeps as many- 
 wives and concubines as he pleafcs, and nothing can be 
 more ignominious than the want of children, and the 
 having but one wife : the bve of women, and the dc- 
 (irc of children is univcrfal ; and according to the num- 
 ber of womcu aAd children the man pofleHls his happi- 
 neft is rated. 
 
 To proceed ; though the women of fafhion generally 
 keep clofc, yet upon certain fcrtivals they are fuftcred 
 to come abroad and fpend their time in public com- 
 pany, in dancing and other divcrfions ufed in the coun- 
 try ; but the men do not mix with them as in this part of 
 the world» only they have the happinefs to fee and be 
 fcen, which makes them wait (or this happy time with 
 impatieiKe. 
 
 Their princes and great men wear a garment made 
 of fcarlct cloth or brocaded (ilk> with large buttons of 
 gold, they have likewifc a very liandfome embroidered 
 liilh madeof (ilk, in which their dagger and purfe are 
 placed^ with their knife, cricc, and other little trinkets. 
 People of figure dye the nail of the little finger of the 
 left-hand red, and let it grow as long as the finger. 
 The women wear a mullin fliift, or lachcr .\raiftcoat, 
 clufc to their bodies, and a pair of iireecltes, which 
 reaches down to- the middle of the \ea, made of iilk or 
 cottoo, and have no other head drelt than their hair 
 tied up tin a roll, with fome curls hanging down their 
 necks i they throw a ktoTc piece of linen or luudin over 
 
 , . ■ . -all 
 
ilwnJt tbdf 
 timet thcj 
 
 Captain CARTERET* VOYAGE— for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 291 
 
 all when they go abroad 1 nor have thejr any ornaments 
 iKI ihnin ahoiit their nicki. Ihey arc fonilot 
 
 but a gol „ 
 
 a line eviuipajic and a great number of fcrvanta to attend 
 them, and it tl>ey have not lb many ot their own as their 
 qu:ility requires, they will not ftir out, till they have 
 got the ufual number, by hiring or borrowinj; them. 
 The furniture of their houfe« conlill thieHy of carpets 
 and cufliions, and the couches they (leep on. They 
 lit crofs-leggeJ on mats ami carpets, as nioll Aliatics 
 do. 
 
 This ifland proiluces moft animals except flieep. 
 There arc monkeys and baboons in abundance, that will 
 fet upon travellers s-fome of them arc quite black, fomc 
 of a Uraw colour, and others white, the latter of which 
 are generally as big as martitts, and much more mif- 
 chievous than the others. Some have l(»ng tails, and 
 walk on all-fours ; others are without tails, and walk 
 upright, uling their forc-fcet as hands, and in their 
 ajlions greatly refcmble the human fpccies. Their 
 going in large companies fecurcs them from the more 
 powerful bealls of the forclh ; but they are fometimes 
 conquered by the large fcrpents, which purfue them to 
 the tops of trees, and deftroy them. 
 
 The natives do not fcrupic eating any flelh but pork, 
 this no Mahometan will touch; but their food u chieHy 
 rice, filli, herbs, fruit and roots; Hefli they eat but 
 little of. They have but two meals a day, one in the 
 morning, and the other about fun-fct; but their chief 
 int'al is in the evening ; they chew betel and areka, 
 or fmoke tob.icco mixed with opium moll pari of the 
 day. Their liquor is tea, coffee, Iherbet, or chocolate, 
 anil they have palm wine, arrac, or fpirits, which they 
 fometimes indulge in, though it is prohibited by their 
 religion, ihey loll upon carpets at their meals, and 
 cat otfofdilhcs made of China, wood, filver or copper, 
 which are fet on little low lacquered tables; and take 
 up the rice with their hands inrtead of fpoons, which 
 they feem not to know the ufe of. In the celebration 
 of marriage the hulband receives no other portion with 
 his wife than the prefentsflie received before marriage. 
 As foon as the priert has performed the ceremony, the 
 new-married couple arc confined in an apartment by 
 thcmfelves for three fuccclTivc days, having only a fer- 
 vant to bring them fuch mceiranes as they may have 
 occalion tor, during which time their friends and ac- 
 quaintances are entertained, and great rejoicings made 
 at thchoufcof the bride's father. At the expiration of 
 the three days the parties are fet at liberty, and receive 
 the congratulations of their friends; after which, the 
 bridegroom conducts his wife home, and both apply 
 themlelves to bufinefs, he to his accullomed profeliion, 
 and flic to the duties belengmg to houfewifery, and the 
 management of a family. When a man has reafon to 
 fufpeif his wife of infidelity, he applies to a prieft tbr a 
 divorce ; and if the complamt appears juft, there is no 
 difticulty in obtaining it. In this cafe the fecular judge 
 pronounces the accuSd party guilty, declares her to be 
 ilivorccd, and fettles the terms ; both parties, after this 
 judgment, have liberty to marry again. 
 
 'I'hc Macaflarians had originally ftrange notions of 
 religion: they believed there were no other gods but 
 the fun and moon ; and to them they facriticcS in the 
 public fquarcs, not having materials which they thought 
 iufliciently valuable to be employed in cre<fting tem- 
 ples. According to their creed, thq fun and moon 
 were eternal, as well as the heavens, whofe empire they 
 divided between them. Thcic abfurdities, however, 
 had not fo lading an influence either over the nobles or 
 people, as is found from the religious doftrines of other 
 nations ; for the Turks and apoltles of the koran arriv- 
 ing in the country, the fovercign and his people cm- 
 braced Mahometanifm, and the other parts of the ifland 
 foon followed their example. They arc great pre- 
 tenders to magic; and carry charms about them, liip- 
 poling thefe will fccurc them from every danger. When 
 any one it fo ill as to be given over by the phyikian, 
 the priellt arc feni for, who, attributing the violence of 
 their difeafe to the influence of fomc evilfpirit, firfV pray 
 tuthcm, and then write the names of God and Mahomet 
 
 on/mall pieces of paper, which arc carelully hung about 
 their ncclct; and if the pMient docs not foon recoveri 
 his death isconddercd as inevitable, and every prepara- 
 tion is made for his cxpcdced departure. Thele people 
 perform their funeral ceremonies with great decency j 
 ^o fccurc which, the meanel\ perfon makes |>iovilion 
 while in health, by afligning a certain fum to defray 
 the ncccffary cxpencts attending it. As foon as a 
 pcrfon is dead, the dead lio<ly is wall.cd, and, b«»« 
 ing cloathed in a white robe, is plucd in a room 
 hung with white, which is fcented «ilh the llronpell 
 perfumes. Here it continues for three days, and oil 
 the fourth it is carried on a palanquin to the grave, 
 preceded by the friertds and relatione, and Inlinwcd by 
 the priefts, who have attcnil.ints that carry iiuenle 
 and perfumes, which are burnt ail the way from the 
 houfc to the grave. The body is interred without a 
 collin, there beinj; only a pl.mk, at the bottom of 
 the grave for it to lie on, and another to cover it; ami 
 when this fall is placcil, the earth U thrown in, and 
 the grave hllcd up. If the pcrfon is of .my diltin- 
 gtiilhed quality, a handlbme tomb is immediately 
 placed over the grave, adorned with Huwcrs, aiul ilii; 
 relations burn incenfe and other perfumes for 40 clays 
 fuccelfively. 
 
 'I'his ifland was formerly under amoiiarchial govcrn- 
 m;:nt; and in order to prevent the cro\ui fallin;^ to an 
 infant, the eldert brother fuccccdcd after the death of 
 the king. All places of trull in the c ivil government 
 were diqxjfcd of by the prime miniflers ; but the olliccrs 
 of the revenue and of the houfliold wei c appointed by 
 the Ibvereign. The king's forces, when out of .vhuil 
 fervice, were not allowed any pay, but only their 
 cloatlis, arms, and aiimuinitioii. It is (aid, that in 
 former wars he has brough; 1 2,000 horfe, and 8o,ooo 
 foot into the field ; but the hit war w ith the Dutch, 
 proved the total deftrudion of both king and ^jotintry 1 
 lince which, this ifland has been under the government 
 of three different princes, who are conftantly at variance 
 with each other; which is a favourable circumllance f.)r 
 the Dutch, who might othcrwifc meet with a powerful 
 opiwfition, and be cJeprivcd of thofe advantages thev 
 have fo lang pofleflcd on this fide the globe. Thefc 
 princes held affemblies at particular times on affairs 
 that concern the general intcrclt ; and the refult of their 
 determinations becomes a law to each ftate. When 
 any contefts arifes, it is decided by the governor of the 
 Dutch colony, who prelides at the above diet. He 
 keeps a watchful eye over thefe different fovereigns* 
 and holds them in perfecil equality with each other, to 
 prevent any of them from aggrandizing thcmfelves to 
 the prejudice of the company. The Dutch have dif- 
 armed them all, under pretence of hindering them from 
 injuring each other, but in reality only to keep them in 
 a ftatc of fubjecSion. 
 
 Jampadanis another port-town about ij miles fouth 
 of Macaffar River, one of the belt harbours in India, 
 and the firft town the Dutch took from the natives j 
 here they funk or fcized all the Portuguefe tieet when 
 they were in full peace with that nation. The refl: of 
 the towns and villages lying ii> the flatcounh-y near the 
 fea or the mouths of rivers, are for the molt part builr 
 with wood or cane, and Itand upon high pillars on ac- 
 count of the annual flood, when they have a communi- 
 cation w ith one another only by boats. 
 
 About the Celebes arc feveral iflands that go by the 
 fame name, the principal of which is lituated about five 
 leagues from the S. E. corner. This ifland is about 89 
 miles long, and 30 broad : on the eaft-flde of it is a 
 large town and harbour called Callacaffong. the ftrcets 
 of which arc fpacious, and enclofed on each fide with 
 cocoa trees. The inhabitants are governed by an ab- 
 folute prince, fpeak the Malayan tongue, and arc Ma- 
 hometans. The Itraits of Patience are on the other 
 fide of this ifland ; they arc fo called from the great 
 difliculty in pafllng thcih, which arifes from the violence 
 pf the currents, and the cpotrariety «f the winds. 
 
 U. 0/ 
 
 
 f " ■ 
 I ■ 
 
 life 9 
 
<l 
 
 itmmt 
 
 rita^ 
 
 •t^ 
 
 292 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND ihe WORLD Complex k. 
 
 I I 
 
 ' <! 
 
 II. Of ibf I'llMiilioH, traJf.oHii praJnecof Bornft, Sumatra, 
 and J(tva, commonly ttt.'UJ thf SunJn IjJomJ: ,■ mmJ of ibt 
 mcuiners and rujlomi ^ibtinbaliianli, (j?e, 
 
 THE moft conflilchlble nf the StiiiJa Idands, calird 
 fo from the llraiu near which they lie, are Borneo, Su- 
 niatm utul Java. 
 
 IJnnico ektemis from 7 cleg. 30 min. N. latitude, to 
 4 ilep. S. latitude, and from 107 tn 117 dourccs of 
 tnngitiidc, being alxiut 700 miles in length and 500 in 
 breadth, and is computed to be 3 joo milc.i in cinum- 
 fcrence. The fi^re of this illand bcin^ almull round, 
 it probably contams a greater tiumlKr ot acres than any 
 ifland hitheno difcovered. To the cadward of ic lies 
 (he ifland of Celebes or Macaflar, to the fouth the 
 idand of Java, to the weft the ifland of Sumatra, and 
 to the N. C. the Philippine Iflands. 
 
 The air of this country is not exccll'ive hot, confider- 
 ing tx. is fituated under theequino«flial, being rcfrelhed 
 almofl every day with fliowers and csol breezes, as all 
 other countries that are under the line; btit as thofe 
 parts of the iOnnd which border on the fea-coaft lie 
 upon a flat for fcveral hundred miles, and are annually 
 flooded ; upon the retiring of the waters, the w hole Curi' 
 face of tha ground is covered with mud or foft ouze, 
 which the fun darting its ravs perpendicularly upon, 
 raifes thick noifome tn^s, which arc not dilperfea till 
 nine or ten in the morning, and render thole parts of 
 die ifland very unwholcfomc. The multitude of frogs 
 and infers that the waters leave behind, and arc Toon 
 killed bv the heat of the fun, caufc an intolerable llcnch 
 alfo at that time of the year, and corrup: the air: add 
 to this the cold chilling winds and damps which fuc- 
 cced the hottelt days; ^om all which, we may conclude 
 it muft be verv unhcalthful, at leafl to European con- 
 ftitutions: ana the lofs of our countrymen, who yearly 
 travel thither, fufHcicntly convinces us of this truth. As 
 to their monfoons, or periodical winds, they are wefter- 
 ly from September to April, or thereabouts; during 
 which time is their wet feafon, when heavy rains conti> 
 nually pour down, intermixed with violent florms of 
 thunder and lightnin^r ■ and at this time it is very rare 
 to have two hours fair weather together on the fouth 
 coaftofthe ifland, whither the Europeans principlly 
 refort. The dry feafon begins ufually m Aprd and con- 
 tinues till September; and in this part of^ the year too, 
 they fcldom fail of a (hower every day, when the Tea 
 breeze comes in. 
 
 The harbours of greatcft note, and to which the 
 Europeans ufually refort, are Banjar MaflTecn, Suc- 
 cadanca and Borneo, but much more to Banjar Maf- 
 feen than either of the other; thegreatcH quantities of 
 pepper growing towards the fource of that river, which 
 falls into the fca j deg. 1 8 min. S. latitude. The town 
 of Banjir formerly IImkI about 1 2 miles up the river, and 
 was built partly on wooden pillars, and partly on floats of 
 timber in the river; but there is now no (Ign of a town 
 there, the inhabiunts being removed to Tatas, about 
 fix miles higher. 
 
 The citv of Borrjeo, formerly the reddcncc of the 
 principal fultan or king of the illand, lies on the N. W. 
 part of the ifland, in 4 deg. 55 min. N. latitude, and is 
 a very commodious harbour. This city is very large, 
 the ftrects fpacious, and the houfes well built; they arc 
 in general three ftorics high, covered with flat roofs, and 
 the fultan's palace is a very elegant and cxtenfivc build- 
 ing. It is the chief feat of commerce in the ifland, and 
 the port is continually crowded with fliips from China, 
 Cambodia, Siam, Malacca, &c. The Englifh and Por- 
 tuguefe have fome trade here, though no lettled fatflory. 
 The port of Succadane4 lies on the wefl-fide of the 
 ifland, in 1 5 min. S. latitude, and was heretofore more 
 rcfortcd to by the Europeans than any other. Over 
 againft this, on the eafl-fioe of the ifland, (lands another 
 fea-port town, called Paflcir, in i j min. S. latiiudc, but 
 is not a place of any great tnde. 
 
 One of the moft confidenble inland towns is Cay- 
 tonge, the ful»n whereof is now the moft potent prince 
 in the ifland : this city liei about too miles up the river 
 
 I 
 
 Hanjan and about 200 nnlcs hiKtwr ftamis the town of 
 Negiree, the rcfidence of another fulun. The name* 
 of the other princi4>ul towns arc Tanjongbuoro, Scdang, 
 Tanjongdatoo, Sambas, Landa, Pi'ugadan, Cotnpan- 
 jang Sampit, Tanjong, Selatan, Gonwarengen and Po- 
 manoocan. 
 
 Their chief rivers are, 1. Banjar. a. Tatas. 3. Java. 
 4. Succadaru-ai and, 5. Borneo. 
 
 Banjar in a fine river, riflng in the moimtains in the 
 middle of the illand, and, running fouth, difcharKCs it'* 
 fclfintoa Kay on the S. E. part of the ifland, being 
 navignbL for fcveral hundred miles ; the banks are 
 planied with tall ever-green trees. The river Tatai 
 falls into the mouth of Banjar Kivcr, am\ is frc. 
 quently called the China River, beciiifc the Chinajunks 
 lie in the mouth of it. The rivers Java and Succa- 
 danca run from the N. E. to the S. W. and fall 
 into the bay of Succadanea in the S. W. part of the 
 ifland. 
 
 The river Borneo &1U into the bay of Borneo, in the 
 N. W. part of the ifland. The tides in the river Ban- 
 jar flow but once in a^ houn, and that in the day-time t 
 they never rife more than half a foot in the night (un- 
 lefs in a very dry feafon) which is occafioned by the 
 rapid torrents, and the land winds blowing very ftrong 
 in the night-time. There lie three iflands within the 
 entrance of the river, the firft of which is co\'cred with 
 tall trees, that may be Icen at ten, and are a good mark 
 for (ailing over the bar. If a fliip be aground, the ebb 
 is To very ftrong, occafloned by the land floods, that 
 ihe will run the hazard of beiiw broke to pieces ; and 
 the trees continually driving down the river, render 
 the navigation ftill more dangerous. The bcft anchor- 
 ing place is a mile or two within the river; it is br{l 
 to fail up with the flood, the tide of ebb runs fo ftror^. 
 There are a great many line bays and harbours uii :l:r 
 coaft, but that moft reforted to is at the mouth of the 
 river Banjar. 
 
 The natives of Borneo confift of two diflerent peo- 
 ple, that are of difierent religions; thofe upon the lea 
 coaft are ufually called Banjareena, from tne town of 
 Banjar, to which moft nations refon, to trade with them. 
 The Bonjareens arc of a low ftaturc, very fwarthy, their 
 features bod, rcfembling much the neratMs of Guinea, 
 though their complexion are not fodarlc ; they are well 
 proportioned, their hair is black, iivi fliincs with the 
 oil with which they perpetually ettut it. The women 
 are of a low ftaturc and fmall Kmbs, as the men are, 
 but their features and complexion much better, and 
 they move with a oood grace. The lower clafs of 
 people go almoft naked i iSey have only a litde bit of 
 cloth before, and a piece of linen tied about their heads. 
 Their betters, when they are drefled on davs of cere- 
 mony, wear a veft of red or blue filk, and a loofe piece 
 of filk or fine linen tied about their loins, and thrown 
 over their left flioulder. Thev wear a pair of drawcra, 
 but no ftiirt, and their legs ana feet are oare ; their hair 
 is bound up in a roll, and a piece of muflin or callico 
 tied over it ; they alwavs carry a crice or dagger in 
 their fafli when they go abroad. The Byaios or moun- 
 uinccrs are much tuler and larger bodied men than 
 the Banjareens, and a braver people, which their fltua- 
 tion and manner of life may account for, being inured 
 to labour, and to fi>llow the chace for their dauy food ; 
 whereas th« Banjareens ufe very little excrcifc, travelling 
 chiefly by water. The Byaios have fcarce any cloath- 
 ing, but, not admiring their tawny Ikins, paint their 
 bodies blue, and, like all other people that live in hot 
 climates, anoint themfelves with oil, which fmells very 
 ftrong; and the better fort, it is faid, pull out their fore- 
 teeth, and place artificial ones, made of gold, in their 
 ftead ; but their greateft ornament confifts of a number 
 of tygers teeth, which are ftrung together, and worn 
 about the neck. Some of them arc very fond of having 
 lam can j to obtain which, they make holes in the 
 foft parts of them when young ; to thcfe holes arc fiiften- 
 ed weights about the breadth of a crown piece, which i* 
 continuallyprcflingon the cars.and expand them tofuch 
 a length, as to cauTe them to reft upon the flwuldecs. 
 4 The 
 
 i\ 
 
l^im 
 
 the co«n vt 
 Tbc iMiitet 
 
 on, ScJang. 
 Cotnpaiw 
 n ami Cu. 
 
 • J* Java. 
 
 itaini in the 
 fcharKCs it'* 
 land, being 
 banks are 
 river Tatai 
 mi ii rrc> 
 
 Chinajunlcs 
 iiid Succa- 
 and fall 
 
 part of the 
 
 neo, in the 
 river Ban> 
 day-time i 
 night (un> 
 ncd bv the 
 very rfrong 
 Mithin the 
 ivcrcd witii 
 good maric 
 ltd, the ebb 
 Doudi, that 
 >iccet| and 
 ycr, render 
 tcfl anchor- 
 r; it it bcH 
 s fo rtror^. 
 GUIS oil trie 
 outh ot the 
 
 Tcrrnt peo- 
 pon the lea 
 pe town of 
 : with them, 
 arthy, their 
 
 of Guinea, 
 ley are well 
 n with the 
 Phe women 
 le men are, 
 better, and 
 ler ciafs of 
 little bit of 
 heir heads, 
 iva of cere- 
 ioofc piece 
 nd thrown 
 >f drawcra, 
 
 their hair 
 1 or callico 
 dagger in 
 ! or moun- 
 mcn than 
 :heir fitua. 
 ing inured 
 laily food ; 
 travelling 
 ny cimth. 
 aint their 
 ive in hot 
 Tiells very 
 their forew 
 , in their 
 a number 
 and wont 
 9f having 
 ies in the 
 >te fiiften- 
 , which it 
 mtofuch 
 •uldeis. 
 Tile 
 
 Cai"i ain'C'ARTRREI 's' V(1YAC}E— for mal-.inp Dilcovoiics in the SoiiTHr.RN Ocn\ ,, vki, sqj 
 
 I'hc Iknjarcens are an ftofpitihlc li icmlly people, 
 where they are not »\viM. or auprchcml forcignera have 
 a liclij^n upon their liberties i they firm to he men of 
 Ijofxi fi-nfc, but m)t being acqoijintcd with the world, 
 are (rnjiioiuly impofcd upon in their traffic with the 
 « r.ifty (Ihind'c. The chief part of their foo»l here i« 
 riic, ai it ii in other hot countries, hut with it they 
 CM veiiiCon, fllb, or fowl, ami almoft all kind of meat, 
 except \v)^r•i flclh I and men of fi|^ure arc fcrveil in jjold 
 or (ilver plate t the common people arc content with 
 brafs or earthen ili(hc«, and all lit crofi-legged upon 
 mat or carpers at their meals, ami indeed almoll all 
 il.iy long, chewing iietcl and arek.or fiiioaking tobacco, 
 which lK)th fexes arc very fond of when it is mixed with 
 opium. The whole c<ti)ipany ufually fmokc out of one 
 pipe i the malK-r ot the fealt having fnioakcd firl^ 
 
 [)a(re8 it rouivl the company, and they will foinetimel 
 it fmoaking (» lonj;, that they grow (hipid. At other 
 limes they iii\ert tliemrdvcs with comedic.i, and the 
 Chinvfe have taught them to game; their rural fporfs 
 are hunting, (hooting, and filhing. They have fuch 
 plenty of filh, that they may lake as many as will fcrvc 
 thciii a day at one caft, from their hou/cs, which are 
 built upon floats in their rivers. Their ufual falutc is 
 the I'aiam, lifting up their hands to their heads, and 
 bowing their ly»dies a liiric; and befi)rc their princes, 
 they throw themftlvcs prolUateon the ground : no one 
 prcfumesto fpeak ton pieat man. till he isTirll fpoken 
 to, and required to tell his bulinefs : they ufually tr.ucl 
 in covered boits upon their rivers; but the great men 
 who live inthe inland country ride «n elephants or horfcs. 
 Befides rice, already mentioned, the prcxiucc ot this 
 country is cocoa -nuts, or.inges, citrons, plantains, melons, 
 banaiiis, pine-apples, m.ingoes, and all manner of tro- 
 pical fruits; cotton, cane.^, rattans, and plenty of very 
 iinetinilieri gold, precious ftones, camphire, bczoar, 
 and pepper. I'here are three forts of black pepper; 
 the fir(l and bell is the Molucc.i, or lout pepper; the 
 fecond is called Ciytonge pepper, and the worll fort 
 is the Nigarcc pepper, of which there is the greatcll 
 plenty, ihis is Imall, hollow and light, and common- 
 ly full of duft, and the buyer will be im])dfed on if he 
 buys it by mcafure, and docs not weigh it. I Ic mull 
 lake care alfo, that the pepper be not mixed with little 
 black Hones, which are not c.illly fecn. The white 
 pepi>cr grows on the fame tree as the black |>cppcr dues, 
 and Iwais twice the price: it is conjccJlurcd to be the 
 bed of the fruit that drops of itfelf, and is gathered up 
 by the poor people in fmall quantities, before it turns 
 black, aitd the fcaicity of it oc(;alions it to be fo dear; 
 but wc fcemto want a nioie fatisfadlory account of this 
 matter. 
 
 The animals here are the fame as on the continent of 
 India, vi?.. bears, tygers, elephants, bulfalocS, deer, &c. 
 but the mod remarkable am'iVial, and which is aimofl 
 peculiar to this in,jnd, is that monllrous monkey called 
 the orun-outang, dr man of the woods, near fix feet high, 
 and walks upon his hinder legs. He has a face like a 
 man, and is not fo ugly as fome of the human fpccics, 
 particularly the Hottentots ; he has no tail, or any hair 
 on his bo<ly, liut where a man has hair. Mr. Bccck- 
 man, captain of an Indiaman, purchafcd one of them, 
 who would drink punch, and open his cafe of brandy to 
 get a dram, it he was left alone with it, drink a quantity, 
 and then return the bottle to the calc. He would lay 
 himfelf down to lleep as a man does: if the Captain ap- 
 peared ailgry with him, he would whine and figh till he 
 was reconciled. He would wrellle with the fcamcn, 
 and was ftronger than any of them, though he was not a 
 year old when he died ; for the Captain loft him as foon 
 as he came into cold weather, having been bred in the 
 hotteft climates. 
 
 Among their minerals is gol(j, which the mountai- 
 neers gctouc of the fands of their rivulets in the dry 
 fcafon, and difjiofc of it to the Biuijarceiis, from whom 
 the Europeans receive it: there are alfo iron mines, and 
 the load-uone is found here, ' 
 
 The principal articles of merchandize imported froni 
 Borneo by the liuropcans, are pepper, golc^ diamonds. 
 No. 35. 
 
 lamphirt., bezoai, aloei, nmftiik and and »,<hef gums j 
 and the gcwii-: prop to be carried thither, betid*/* bul- 
 lion and trc*<Mi fmall fuunon from ick> to md 
 weight, lead, i n. ocs, cutlery wares, iron barn, 
 fmall (Iccl h»ri, li , iht ff^iallcll ((irx of fpike nails, 
 twcnry-iitnny nails, aplini* d 40 poind* »^ eight, red 
 leather \)oot», /p«l, !«.«, i) ck-«ork '"mall arms with 
 brafs mountihgt, h' 'r \yiUiU, 1 ' ;dtrliulHs, gun- 
 |)owder and lo'kini; lalfcs. The] chafing gold is » 
 proliialiie article, and Jiamonds mav x bad rciiloniMy, 
 though they arc generally fmall (ifif'K. hey iffviul »»-> 
 chale (,'ol(| with dollars, giving a ( crr«in ounit . vf 
 filver dollars for the weight of one ilollar in gnh* I ho 
 current money is dollars, halfand quarter iloll. and 
 for finall change they have a fort of money , e of 
 lead in the form of rings, which are ftrung ort;' V iid of 
 dry leaf. 
 
 The language of the inhabitants on the coaft is.thc 
 Malayan ; hut the illamlers have a language peculiar to 
 theml'elv.s. and both retain the fuperftitious cuitoms 
 ot ttic C'hinele. 'I lu y are intirely ignorant of alho- 
 nomy; and when an edipfe happens, they think the 
 world is going to he ilellroyeil. Arithmetic they know 
 hut little of; and their only method of calculating, is, 
 by parallil lines and moveable buttons on a board. 
 They havr likewife little knowledge of phyfic; and the 
 lettui;;()l blood, how ilefpcrate loevcr the cafe of the 
 patient may be, is to them a circumftance of -a very 
 al.inning nature, as they fuppofc, by the' opcriuiwi, 
 we let out our very fouls and lives. It is their.opinion, 
 that mod of thiir dillempcrs are caufcd througlvthe 
 nnlice of fome evil demon; and when a perfon i» fick, 
 indeid of applying to medicine, they make an cntcr- 
 tunn.ent ot' various kinds of provitions, which they 
 hold under fome confpicuous tree in a field ; thcfc pro- 
 yili.ms, which conlift of rice, fowl, filb, &:c. they offer 
 foe the relief of the perfon afllided; and if he recover, 
 they repeat theolfering, by wav of returning thanks, for 
 the blelling received 1 but if the patient dies, they cx- 
 prels their refentment againll the fpirit by whom he 
 is liippofed to have been afflided. Hoth Pagans and 
 Mahometans allow a plurality of wives and cpncubines; 
 and the marriage ceremonies of both are the fame asiii 
 other Mahometan countries. The girls are generally 
 married at the age often, and leave child-bearing bc- 
 f irj they are twenty-five. The women arc very coiv- 
 llant alter marriage; but are apt to bellow favours with 
 great freedom when tingle; and however indifcrcet 
 they may have been in this point, thev are not con- 
 lidereil the worfe l()r it by their hulbands, nor dare any 
 one reproach them for what they ha\ e committed pre- 
 vious to their marriage. They in general live to an 
 advanced age, which is attributed to their frequent ufc 
 of the water; for both men and women b.ithe in th» 
 rivers once in the day ; and from iJiis pradicc they arc 
 very expert fwimmcrs. In burying their dead, they 
 always place the head to the north, and they throw into 
 the grave fevcral kinds of provi lions, from an abfurd 
 and lupcrlhtious notion that thcfc may be ufeful 10 
 them in the other world. Thev fix the place of inter- 
 ment out of the reach of the floods ; and the mourners, 
 as m japan and China, arc drefTcd in white, and carry 
 lighted torches in their hands. 
 
 In the inland part of this country, arc fevcral petty 
 kingdoms, each of which is governed by a rajah, or king. 
 All the rajahs were formerly fubjed to the rajah of 
 Borneo, who was eftcemcd the fuprcme king over the 
 whole illand; but his authority has been of "late years 
 greatly diminifhed ; and there are other kings equal if 
 not more powerful than himfelf; particularly the king 
 of Caytongc. The town where this prince rcfides is 
 fttuated about 80 miles up the Banjar River. His 
 palace is a very elegant building creded on pillars, and 
 IS open on all lidts. lkti>re the palace is a lar-^e build- 
 ing, coniifting only of one room, which is fct apart for 
 holding councils, and entertaining foreigners. In the 
 centre of the room is the throne, covered with a rich 
 canopy of gold and lilvcr brocade. About the palace 
 arc planted fcveral caunof, which' are fo old, and 
 * ' moynted 
 
 *M 
 
 ■| 
 
 
 i ■■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 n. 
 
 v- 
 
«'H 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complitb. 
 
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 f) 
 
 S 
 
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 r 
 
 indJiUeu 01) AilH wretched cariiagcn, th«c tliry arc 
 Iteiihcr nrnaiitcnul nor ufelut. ')'hii prime i> cltecmcil 
 the (;rcatcl^ on tircounc of the runotiM he reccivet at 
 the |Mrt of H.uijar Vbflccn, which are vlliiiuuil at 8000 
 
 Kecct of eight per annum. 'lite king or Sulun of 
 egarc* ii the niort conliderable prince, nexi to the 
 above: hit palace ii riiuateJ at a pUcc called MctnjHinra, 
 ■bout loinilct from Caytonue. I here ii a hamtfonie 
 aniKMiry before the satcitof nil nalacc, which contain* 
 a gmi number of hre-uruu, ana levcral caninn. I Ic 
 i« always on gooii term* with his neighbour the prince 
 of Ciyrongc, and the rcD are fubordinate to thcl'e two 
 primes I great homage is paid them by the natives, and 
 It isdillicult for a llianger to getacccfs to them: the 
 unlv mean* to efted this, is, by complimenting them 
 with foinc valuable prefent, lur avarice is their darling 
 pairmm and the llran^cr will be treated with refpcct in 
 proportion to the pretent he makes, 
 
 Sumatra ii one of the Sunda Illandi, fltuate in the 
 Indian (Kean, between 93 and I04dcg. ofealU-rn longi- 
 tude, and between 5 dcg. jo min. N. latitude, nnd 5 dcg. 
 ^o min. S. latitude, thcequino\.'tial line running cmfs the 
 middle of It I havi ng Malacca on the N. Itorncoonthelv 
 Java on the S. E. and the Indian ocrun on the weft, and 
 II Soo miles long, and about 1 50 bioad. The air is 
 generally uiiliealihful near the coall, the country being 
 very hot, and very moid, nnd changing fuddenly from 
 iiiltry heat in the day-time, to cold chilling windx in the 
 n gin. It is the firll of the remarkable iflands that form 
 the great Archipelago of the eaft, the entrance of which 
 is, as it were, blocked up by this idand and Java, which 
 form a barrier fe|iarating the Indian fmin the Chincfc 
 ocean; except that in the center between the two iflands 
 there is an opening, w hirh ap()cars as if pur|iol'ely dc- 
 (igncd to admit a free palFagc for the advantages of com- 
 merce. This o|>ening is called the Ihait of Sunikt, the 
 fouth part oi which is the north of Java, and railed Java 
 Head ; and the north point is the fouth of Sumatra, 
 callcil Flat Point. Thcfc two are about lix leagues 
 afunder, between which (hips pafsfrom Europe directly 
 to Ikuvia or China, without touching at the Indies: 
 they ftrctch awav eaft from the Cape of Good Hope, 
 and make nolana till having traverfed the whole Indian 
 fea they arrive at Java Head. 
 
 In Sumatra are no phyficians, but they rely upon the 
 (km and experience oi fume good old women, who arc 
 acquainted w ith the luturc of their limples. The Hux 
 is the diftemper that ufually carries off foreigners, 
 againft which the fruit guava and the pomegranate are 
 certain remedies, if taken before the dillem)ier becomes 
 violent j but mod other fruits promote the difeafe. 
 Ikthing in cold water is efteeined another remedy for 
 the Hux. Tlieir water, unboiled, as well as therbet, is 
 very unuholefome; full meals of Hefli ought to be 
 n^oided, occasioning a didcinpcr called the Mort 
 Diichin, whicn is attended with a violent vomiting aad 
 purging, and ufually carries oH the patient in 34 hours. 
 Ihofe gentlemen that drink (Irong liquors to excefs, 
 ufually avoid the flux, but arc carried oft" by fevers. 
 The cholic and fmalUpox arc often fatal to the natives, 
 as well as foreigners > but they are fcldum troublcti 
 w ith dropfics, gout, or ftone. People who are careful 
 of their health, cat and drink moderately, and boil their 
 watL-r; nor do they avoid wine or arrack punch alto- 
 ;Tet!ier, for thefe drunk moderately in this nioift air pre- 
 ftrvc, rather than deftroy health. 
 
 There is a chain of mountains which runs the whole 
 length of the ifland. from the N. W. to the S. E. and 
 here the air is fomething better rhan on the coaft; but 
 the European fa<^tories arc generally fituated at the 
 mouths of rivers near the fea, fur convcniency of trade ; 
 ; and here three years may be reckoned a long life, the 
 fait (linking oufc fends upfuchunwholefoinc vapours as 
 . perfectly poifon foreigners that arc fent thither. The 
 luonfuons, or periodical windi, (hift here at the equi- 
 noxes, as they do in other parts of the Indian feas, blow- 
 ing fix months in one dii«£lion, and lix months in the 
 nppolirc direction; and near the coaft there are other 
 periodical winds, which blow the greatcft part of the 
 
 day from the lea, and in the night lime and part of th« 
 morning from the laiidi but theic fcarce ritend (even 
 miles friMii the road. Here is alfo a mountain called 
 Single-ilemiMid, about 40 miles S. E. of Heiicoolen, 
 which i» a mile In he^ht iKrpendiculari the rock* near 
 the well cnall arc gi-ncmlly barren, producing little bc- 
 liiles Ihrubn; but tnwanl* the bottom of them gruwi 
 fome good tiiiit>cr. The country bat a great many 
 fnull rivers, but none of thrm navigable imich aKnc 
 their nuiuthi, falling from high muuntaini, and dif. 
 charging themfelvei precipitately into the fea, either on 
 the E. or W. after a very (hurt courfc; the rainicon. 
 tinuing here, ai they tlo in mod placei near the equi- 
 noetial, (ix months and upwardi, every year, and no 
 where with more violence. The watCM of the river 
 Indaimora, during rains, look red for two miles beyond 
 the iiMNith out at (ca, occniioncd, it is faid, by the great 
 number of oaks that grow in their boggy grounds, and 
 are almoll covered when the flood* are highelt. 'I'he 
 waters of all their riven, which nve.-flow the low coun> 
 tries, arc very unwholcfome, foul, and not lit to be 
 drunk till they are fettled, nor indeed till they have 
 Ixren boiled, and tea or fome other whulcfume hcibs 
 infufed into them t and this, no doubt, is one caufc 
 of the unw holefomencfs of the air, it being a very 
 jud ohfervation, that wherever the water is bad, the air 
 
 M fo UMI. 
 
 The illand of Sumatra was anticntly, and is at pre- 
 fent, divided into a great iiuny kingdoms and dates, of 
 which Achen is :he mod conliderable, whofe king is the 
 mod powerful monarch in the iddfld, the north part of 
 it being in a manner fubjedt to him. Iklides this prince, 
 rhere an- feveral orancayas, or great lords, mthis king- 
 dom, who exercife fovereign authority in their refpcc- 
 tive territories j but they .-ul acknowledge the king of 
 Achen their fiiperior, and accept of the great officers 
 in his court. In furmcr times the kings have excrcilcd 
 fuch defpotic power as to difplace fome vt thel'c, n^ 
 depofe others ; and, on the other hand, indances have 
 been known where thcfc princes have depofeJ the king, 
 and placed another on the throne. There have been 
 frequent druggies between the king sf Achin and thcfc 
 princes for /oweign power; and if the former has in 
 ibmc reigns been abfolute, he has in others had a very 
 limited authority. The king has the power of difpof. 
 ing of the crown, during his life, to fuch of his children 
 as he thinks proper, whether born of a wifcoracnn. 
 cubinc: but if the king does not difpofc of it in his life 
 time, there are fometimes feveral compctiton for it ; and 
 he who is mod favoured by the orancayas, or valTal 
 princes, ufualjy carries his points fo that the crown ia 
 eleiiiivc in theie cafes. 
 
 Achen, the metropolis of the kingdom of the fame 
 name, is (ituated at the N. W. end of Sumatra, in oj 
 deg. 30 min. E. longitude, and in ( deg. 30 min. N. 
 latitude, and is much the mod conflderable port in the 
 illand. It (lands in a plain, furroundcd with woods 
 and mardies, about live miles didant from the fea, near 
 a pleafant rivulet: it is an open town, without wall or 
 moat, and ilie king's palace dands in the middle of it, 
 being of an oval figure, about half a league in circum- 
 ference, furroundcd by a inoat 35 feet broad, and as 
 many deep: and about the palace there arc cad up 
 great banks of earth indeadofa wall, well planted witn 
 reeds and canes, that grow to a prodigious height and 
 thicknefs, infomuch that they cover the palace, and 
 render it almod inaccefTiblc; thcfc rccds alfo are con- 
 tinually green, and not eafily fet on (ire. There is no 
 ditch or draw. bridge before the gates, but on each fide 
 a wall of (lone about ten feet high that fupports a tcr* 
 race, on which fome guns are planted ; and a fmall 
 dream rum through the middle of the palace, which 
 is lined witli done, and has dcpi down to the bottom 
 of it, for the conveniency of bathing. There arc four 
 gates, and as many courts, to be pafled before we come 
 to the royal apartments; and in fome of thefe outward 
 courts are the king's magazines, and the {landings of 
 his elephants : as for the inward courts of the palace, 
 foreigners, or even the natives, hardly ever approach 
 
 lhem» 
 
 ill 
 
Captain CARTFRET'* VOYAOK— for imkinn Difcnvcrie* in tlic Sou i iikhn Oci an, ice. it)^ 
 
 ihcmi nmt iherftore •jnH tJeUnption ol chcfc it nn to 
 be ex}>«ctfil. B«it notwithlUmiinf» the fortilkiiimn* ol 
 ihit palareorcilHf. «• it ii fomctiinM called, nrcviry 
 mean »nA inconliiJcrablf, yet the ■vemir* t«i jt arc natii. 
 rally well defended i for the rountry round about A* tun 
 i«full of rivuleu, n»iwrt»<', and thick wixkIi nt c.iiuor 
 iMmboo, which are •IniiiU impenctrablr, and very h:uil 
 to cut: there arc fivcril little forti rrec^nt alio at pro- 
 per dilUncet in the iiurlhes where qnardt are planted 
 to prevent any furpri/.e. In the kin^'n mapcn/inci, Come 
 Authors tell ui, are tbtind a nuniiTuits artillery, nml a 
 [Hmni quantity of lirc-arnti. and that hi* guanU (onlill 
 of many tluwfand n\(h|hut that hi»nrcatell llrciiKth is 
 in hi» elephant!, who are trained up to trample u|Min 
 fire, and (land unmoved at the re|)ori of a cannon i but 
 this we Dull examuu; more partidilarly when we come 
 toTpeuk of the maiatenante of the priiuc, Iwth with 
 refpeifl to dsmelb and military fupplica, for later 
 iravcllvr* do ncK fr u to admire hti power or grandeur. 
 The city confilh i 7 or 8ooo lioule», which take up 
 the more ground becaufe thev are not continuoiu, ever)' 
 perron furrounding his dwelling with a pulhl'ado pale 
 chat nandi feme yards dillant from it 1 except in two or 
 three of the principal Wreets where the markets arc 
 kept, and where foreigners inhabit who cliufc to Use 
 near one another, to defend thenifclvcs from thieves, 
 robi)eric« being very co.nmon here. The harbour 
 which ii fo large as to be capable of containini; any 
 number of the largeO fliioj, is iiniimandcd by a (|iacioiiH 
 fortrefs cncompafrcd with a ditch well fm 11 lie J acconl- 
 iiig to the Italian manner, and mountfil wiih cannon. 
 The Englilli, Dutch, Danes, Fortugucfe, (Juziirats, aiul 
 Chincfe, are the chief traders in this city. The kin^ 
 has a great number of horfes, which, ns well an the 
 elephants, have rich and magnificent tfappin(.^s. I le 
 is at no cxpence in times of war, for all M»s lubjech arc 
 €)bligcd to march at their own expcnce, and carry with 
 them provifions for three months: he only fiirnilhcs 
 them with arms, powder, lead, and ric •, whii.h is very 
 trifling. In peace, it docs not coft him any thin^, 
 even for the mainteiancc of his family, for his fiibjei^ts 
 fupply him with ail kinds of provilions: they alio pro- 
 vide him and his concubines with deaths. He is 
 heir to all his fubjcdts who die without ifl'ue male, and 
 to all foreigners who die within his territories ; and 
 fuccecdi to the crates of all thofc who are put to death. 
 From all which it appears, that the revenue of this 
 prince, though not paui in money, is very confiderablc. 
 The inhabitants of Achcn are more vicious than in 
 other places on the coalt : they ire proud, envious, 
 and treacherous; defpifc their neighbours, and yet pre- 
 tend to have more humanity than the inhabitants of any 
 other nation. Some of them are good merhanirs, 
 ef|)ecially iii the building ofgallies; and they arc very 
 dexterous in doing all kinds of fmiths work : they alio 
 work well in wood and copper, and fonie of them are 
 fkilled in making artillery. They live very abdemiouf- 
 ly, their chief food being rice, to which fomc of the 
 better fort add a rmnii quantity of fidi, and their ufual 
 drink is water. They are very fond oi' tobacco, though 
 they have but little ot icirown raifing; and for want 
 of pipes, they finoke 1,' a bunco, in the fame manner 
 as the inhabitants on the coaft of Coromandel. The 
 buncho is the leaf of a tree, rolled up with a little 
 tobacco in it, which r.ir light at one end, and draw 
 the fmoke through the other till it is nearly burnt to 
 the lips. Thcfc rolls arc very curiouny formed, and 
 fold in the public markets in great quantities. 
 
 They hold a court of juftice live times a week, for 
 determining all matters of controverfy, in which one 
 of tbe chief orancayas prcfldes as judg^. There is alfo 
 a criminal csurt, where cognizance is taken of all 
 quarrels, roblKries, murders, Recommitted in the city : 
 and there is a third court, in which the cadi, or chief 
 pricft, prelkles.whojudgcsconcerning all infringements 
 of an ccclcfuAical nature. Bcfidcs thcfe, there is a court 
 for detennining difputes between mer(:hant$, whether 
 foreigners or natives. An cxaft account is kept here of 
 all the cuftoms, gifts, fines, and commodities, bclong- 
 i 
 
 ing to the king, with a lil) ul all the (icrliin* whu buy 
 (tf hiK in.ijelly, pay the dnty, or make prclenti to him. 
 (Jirenders are brought to a tpwdy tii.il, and the puniftw 
 ment it infliv'ted iminediniely aftv their conviction. It 
 the ol'rme be of a triHin|{ nature, the punilhment for 
 the hrll tunc is the loft only of a hand or foot, and the 
 fame tor the fecoml 1 but lur the third, or if they rob id 
 a confidcrable amount, they are impaled alive. When 
 the hand or foot ii tu be cut off, the limb u laid on the 
 edge of a broad hatchet, and ihcexceutiorer ftrikcs it 
 with a large mallet till the amputation is perfeolcd 1 ar.J 
 then they put the Hump into a hollow bamlMio llulfed 
 with rags or moft, to prevent the criminal frtim dying by 
 lols of blood. After ne hai thus futfcrcd whether by the 
 king's command, or by the fcntence of the judge, all 
 the Ignominy of his crime is wiped oiV| and if anf One 
 upbraids him with ir, he may kill him with impunitf. 
 Murder and adultery arc punillied with death) and, 
 III this cafe the triniinal has many exetuti<'ncri, he 
 being placed amiillb a numkr of p<oplc, who (tab 
 him with their d.i|.;gers ; but ticmale olfenders arc put 
 to death by lliangling. The king is frequently a fp<c- 
 tatorofthefc punillimcnts, and iitimctimrs even aCtt 
 as exccmioner: and though luch a f|)C«ltacle muft to 
 a feeling mind, appear extremely (hocking, yet (b little 
 dors he fi-em afteded by it, that inftanccs have lieen 
 known of hii executing a criminal, af* immediately 
 alter enrertaiiiing himl'elt with cock-tightingi a diver, 
 (ion which in this country a more uniscrfalTy cdccmcd 
 than any other. 
 
 Having given the (ituation of the moft confidecible 
 places oil the eiill-lide ot Sunutr.i, we proceed tlirough 
 ib<' llraits ot SiinJa to the wclt-coaO; and advancing 
 IrMii thente towards the north, the tiitt Lnglilb fettle- 
 ment we meet with is Sillabar, which lies in a bay at 
 the mouth of a large river of the fame name, in 4 deg. 
 S. latitude. Here the tnglifli have a rclidencc, or a 
 fiiiall deiachment from Marlborough fort, (ercdcd foon 
 after the dellruiition of York Fort at Dcntoolcn) to 
 rereive the pepper the natives bring hither. Ten 
 miles to the northward of Sillabar Ibmdi the town of 
 Hcncoolcn, where was the principal fettlcment the Eiw- 
 lifli had upon the itland Sumatra, from the year 1685 
 to the year 1719, when there happened a general in- 
 furrcctiun of the natives, who cut oil' part of the garri> 
 fon ; the rcll efcaping in their boats to fea. 
 
 Bencoolcnis Icnown at fea by a high (lender mountain 
 th.u rifes 10 miles beyond it in the country, called the 
 Sugir-loaf. Iktinre the town of Bencoolen there lies an 
 idand, w ithin which the (hipping ufually ride ; and the 
 point of .Sillabar extending two or three leagues to the 
 fouihward of it, makes a large bay; betides thefe 
 maiks the old Knglityi fort, which fronted towards the 
 fea, might have been dilcerned when a (hip came 
 within fevcn or ei^^ht miles of the place. The town is 
 almoft two miles in compafs, and was inhabited chiefly 
 by the natives, who buili their houfes upon bamboo 
 pillars, as in oth. r parts of the iflan.l. The Portuguefe, 
 Chincic, and EngliHi had each a feparace quarter. The 
 Chincfe people built all upon a floor, after the cuftom 
 of their country. The Englith hoiifei were after their 
 own model ; but they found themfclvcs under a necef- 
 (ity of building with timber, (though there wus no want 
 of brick or ttone), upon account ot the frequent earth- 
 quakes. The adjacent country is mountainous and 
 woody, and in fomc parts are volcanoes that frequently 
 vomit lire. The air is very unwholefomc, and the 
 mountains ire generally covered with thick clouds that 
 burA in (torms cf thunder, rain, &c. The foil is a 
 fertile clay, and the chief produce is grafs ; but near 
 the fea it is all a morafs. There is a fmall river on the 
 N. W. fide of the town, by which the pepper is brought 
 here from the inland part of the country ; but there is 
 a great inconvenience in (hipping it, 0.1 account of a^ 
 dangerous bar at the mouth of the river. Tlie road is 
 alfo dangerous for Ihips, as it has no other defence from 
 the violence of the fea during the S. W. monfoons, 
 than a fmall place called Kat Kland, which, with the 
 land point of Sillabar, makes theliaven. 
 
 The 
 
 >.f 'i 
 
 i: ,.' 
 
 
29^ 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 u 
 
 Ha 
 
 , 1 
 
 The pepper brought here comes from the territories 
 of the two neighb uring rajahs, one of whom rcfides at 
 Sindk'.'demoiul, at the bottom of a bay lo or 12 miles 
 to the north ; and thcothcrof Bafar. 10 miles to the call. 
 There two ni'mhs have hoiifes in the town, whither they 
 roine when they have any biilincfs to tranfadt with the 
 Knglilli, who pay them half a dollar duty for every 560 
 poun.ls weight of pepper; ami they alio pay to the 
 owner for every fiich quantity 10 Spaniih dollars, weigh* 
 ing each 17 penny weij^hts and 12 grains. 
 
 The Englilh have alio other fcttlemenis to the N. VV. 
 of the abine, particularly at Cattoun, lituated about 40 
 miles from iJencowIcn; I ppo, about jo miles farther to 
 the north ; Uanrail, wiiich is upwards of lOo miles north 
 of H'jncoolcn ; and Mocho, fituatcJ a I'ttleto the fouth 
 of Indrapour. There are likewife feveral good Dutch 
 lettlcnients on this illand, the molt confiderabic of which 
 is Pullainbani or Fullamb-.;-., fituatc about 1 20 miles 
 N. E. of Ikncoolcn. The chief article of trade here is 
 pepper, of which the Dutch have prodigious quaniiiics, 
 being under contract with the king of VuUamban, and 
 other Indian princes, to take it at a certain price, one 
 half of which they pay in money, and the other in cloth. 
 All other nations arc prohibited from trading except 
 the Chinefc. by means of whom the Engiilli get a (liaie 
 of their pepper, as our lliips pafs through the llraics of 
 Hanca. The Dutch formerly carried on a great trade 
 here in opium ; but as that was found to mipoverilli 
 the country, by drawing away its ready calli. the king, 
 in I 7cS, ordered only three chefls of about 1 ho poumis 
 eudi, to be imported ; and that if any Ihould be detected 
 in acting contrary to this order, they fliould forfeit not 
 onlv their goods, but their lives alfo. 
 
 I'ullambam is a veiy large town, and ploafantly 
 lituated on the banks of a line river, which divides it- 
 fi.lf into levcial branches that run by fourchanniU into 
 the fca. It continued to be a confidcrable ciry till the 
 year it>59, when it was deftroyed by the Dutcli, in 
 revenge for Ibme injuries they pretended to have re- 
 ceived from the natives. About this time tlic Dutch 
 reiluced the chief of the kingdoms in the foiiih part of 
 this illand ; but feveral of them were afterwards re- 
 covered by the natives, who have ever lince remained 
 indcpendant. The Dutch have feveral other factories 
 here; namely, (1.) limcalis, fituated nearly oppofitc to 
 Malacca, on the banks of a fpacious river of its own 
 name. The chief articles fold by the company here 
 arc, cloth and opium ; in return for which, they receive 
 gold-dulK The country is very fertile, and in the 
 wochIs and mountains arc prodigious numbers of wild- 
 hogs, whole flelh is exceeding fwect and fat. They have 
 likewife Ibme good poultry, and there arc various kinds 
 of Mill in the river. (2.) Slack, (ituate on the river 
 Andraghima : this is a very inconfiderabic place, on 
 account of the unwholcfomenefs of the air, which is 
 attributed to the great number of fliads caught in the 
 river ac a particulir fcalbn of the year, for the fake of 
 the roes j and the reft of the lilh being thrown in heaps, 
 corrupt, and exhale pcftilcntial vapours. Thcfc roes 
 the natives pickle, and then dry in fmoke ; after which 
 they put them in large leaves of trees, and then fend them 
 to different countries between Achen and Siam. They 
 call it Turbow, and reckon it a great delicacy. (;j.) 
 Pedang, which is fituatcd about 60 mile* fouth of the 
 equator, and has a fine river, where large fliips may 
 come up, and ride in fatety; but it is the moft inlig- 
 nificant fcttlement the Dutch have on this illand : it 
 produces but a fmall quantity of pepper; and the trade 
 in gold is fo trifling, as hardly to defray tne natural 
 expenccs attending it. Many other places on this 
 ifland are independant of the Kngliih and Dutch ; the 
 chief of which arc the following. 
 
 Priaman, it lies nearly oppofitc to Pedang, alwur too 
 miles N. W. of Indrapour. It is very populous, and 
 plentifully fupplicd with moft kinds of provifions. 
 The natives carry on a conlidcrable trade with the in- 
 habitants of Manimcabo. The Dutch had a factory 
 here for many years, but were at length driven from it 
 by tlie king of Acheifts, 
 
 licow, another very confidcrable place, which is 
 (itu.-'.ted alwut fcven leagues from Dalfaman, in lodeg. 
 S. latitude. The inland part of the country is very 
 high J but that next the fca is low, covered with woods, 
 and watered with feveral fmall rivers, which render it 
 marlhy. There are, however, many plcafant meadows 
 well ftocked with buftalocs and other horned cattle, 
 which arc purchafcd at a very cafv price. It likewife 
 alTords plenty of rice, poultry, and feveral forts of friiitj, 
 as durians, ananas, oranges.'citrons, pomegranates, me- 
 lons, mangoes, cucumbers, and potatoes : but its moll 
 yaluablf.- produce is pepper, with which it abounds, and 
 is in qualify elleemed fiipcriorto that of any other place 
 on the ifland. The pepper chiefly grow s at the Iwttom 
 of the mountains; for which rcafon thole parts arc ex- 
 ceedingly populous. The city ftands about two miles 
 from the fca, oppolite to a fmall ifland. It is but a 
 little mean place, for the city and fuburbs do not con- 
 tain 800 houfcs, which are chiefly built with reeds, and 
 are neither ftrong or commotlious. The king is fub- 
 ject to the kings of Achen. who appoints a new gover- 
 nor every three years, and without him the king of 
 Ticow cannot execute any hufinefs of importance. The 
 governor, tiiercforc, is the peifonapplied toby foreigners 
 in the tianfacting of buflnefs, and even the natives pay 
 him the moft diftinguiflicd refpeoK The inhabitants of 
 the city arc Malayans, but the inland parts arc po)"- 
 ll-lled by the natives, who difown the king of Achcn's 
 authority, and have a peculiar language and king of 
 their ow;:. I'his part of the country produces great 
 t; -ntitics of gold, which the natives cxchan^'c with 
 tne Dutch, or the inhabitants near thecoaft, lor pepper, 
 fait, iron, cotton, red-cloth, and Siirat pearls. The air 
 here is very unhealthy, particul.irly from July to Octo- 
 ber, and the people arc very lubject r<> fevers, which are 
 fo violent in their laturc, as icidom to admit of a cure ; 
 fo that were it not for the pepper, no ftiangcr would 
 venture to go near them. Kvery pcrlbn who trades to 
 this place, muft have a liicnce lijr that j)urpofe from 
 tiic king of Achen ; and when that is obtained, they 
 cannot be interrupted either by the king or governor 
 of Ticow. They fell their pepper by bahars of 116 
 |iounds avoirdupois : and the king of Achen has 15 per 
 cent, out of all that is fold, that is, fcven and a half for 
 the export ol tile pepper, and fcven and a half for the 
 import of the merchandize given in exchange for that 
 commodity. 
 
 Htrras, which belongs to the king of Achen, is one 
 ofthemort conlidcrable places on the weftcoaft; it is 
 iituatcd on a flne river near the center between Ticow 
 and Achen, and, like the former, no perfon muft trade 
 here without permiflion fioin the king. This place 
 produces great plenty of gold, camphir.-, and benjamin, 
 the latter of which fcrves the natives inltead of money 
 The country is very plcafant, and abounds with rice, 
 and feveral forts of the moft delicious fruits. The 
 Dutch and Englifti, as alfo the inhabitants of the coaft, 
 buy up the camphirc here, in order to carry it for Surat, 
 and the ftraitsof Sunda. 
 
 The province of Andziijzi is fmall, but remarkable 
 f<)r producing great quantities of pepper: and gold is 
 cheaper here than in any other part ol the ifland. 
 
 Jamly is fituatcd on a river on the eaft-lide ol the 
 ifland, about 50 miles from the fea, in 2 deg. .S. lati- 
 tude. Great quantities of pepper arc produced in it, 
 which is laid to be much fuperior in quality to that 
 of Andrigri. The Dutch had a factory here, the molt 
 conlidcrable of all their fettlements on the coalt, but 
 they withdrew from it in 1710. 1 he Kni'liih had like- 
 wile a fadtory near it, which they alfoquitted on account 
 of the obftructions they met with from the Dutch in 
 their trade. 
 
 Pedir is fituatcd about 30 miles eaft of Achen, and 
 is a large territory 1 it has the advantage of an excel- 
 lent river. The foil is very fertile, and the country 
 produces fuch quantities of rice, that it is called the 
 granary of Achen. It alfo produces a large quantity 
 of (ilk, part of which is wove by the natives into 
 ftutii, that arc valued in molt parts throughout the 
 
 ifland, 
 
Cavtain CARTERET'S VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Southkrn OcKAN.fcc 297 
 
 Jl 
 
 idand, and the reft is fold to the inhabitants of the coaft 
 ofCoromandei. . _. , . 
 
 PalFaiiiian, almoft under the equinO(ltial, is a large 
 place, fitiiated at the foot of a very high mountain, but 
 IS remarkable only for producing pepper, which is both 
 large and excellent in its quality. 
 
 Cinquele produces annually a large quantity of cam- 
 phire, which the inhabhants of Surat, on the coaft of 
 Coromandel, purchafc for 1 5 on 6 rials the cod", or 28 
 ounces. Daya abounds in rice and cattle. 
 
 In the idand of Sumatra, they have a fmall breed of 
 horfcs ; they have alfo buffaloes, deer, goats, hogs, 
 tygers, hog-decrs, nionkics, fquirrels, guanoes, porcu- 
 pines; alliga.ors, fcrpents, fcorpions, niulkatocs, and 
 other infeds : from the hog-deer is obuined a fpecies 
 of the bezoar-ftone, which is of a dark brown colour, 
 and hai two coats; a fmall quantity of this ftone, dif- 
 folvcd in any liquor, will remove an opprcfllon.of the 
 ftomach, rectifies foul blood, and reflorcs the appetite : 
 it is alfo very ellii'acious in other difordcrs incident to 
 haman nature. Here arc alfo hens, ducks, and other 
 poultry ; pigeons, doves, parrots, parakeets, maccaws 
 and fmall birds; fca and river fifti alfo are very plenti- 
 ful, and turtle or fea tortoife. They have elephants, 
 but they arc fuppofcd not to be natives. Rice if much 
 the greateft part of their foot! in all their meals : ftrong 
 foup. made of flcfli or fifti, and a very little meat high 
 feaioned, ferves to cat with their rice. The Maho- 
 metans that inhabit the coaft, abftain from fwines Hefti. 
 and from ftrong liquors, as they do in all countries of 
 the fame faith. The mountaineers will cat any ftefli, 
 except beef, the bull being one of the objeds of their 
 worfliip, and if uc could give any credit to their neigh- 
 bours, the people of Achen, they eat human flcfti ; but 
 the world is pretty well fatisfied by this time that there 
 are no nations of cannibals. Their common drink is 
 tea, or plain water j but they fometimes ufe the liuuor 
 of young cocoa-nuts, which is very coaling and plealant. 
 They always ftt crofs-legged on the floor at their meals. 
 Their falutations arc much the fame' as in other Afiatic 
 countries. 
 
 Learning is not to be cxpeifled here. The common 
 language is the Malayan tongue, and the koran and re- 
 ligious books of the Mahametans are written in Arabic, 
 which is now a dead language. They have indeed the 
 ufe of letters here, as they have almoft in every other 
 caftern nation except China ; but thofc gentlemen were 
 fo felf-fuftictcnt, fo much above being taught by peo- 
 ple they look upon as their inleriors, that they have now 
 the Icart pretence to learning of any nation on the face 
 of the earth. The Mahometans of Sumatra fpcak and 
 write the Malayan language. The Pagan mountaineers 
 have a language peculiar to themfelves. As the Ma- 
 layans write iron) the right-hand to the left, the 
 mountaineers write as wc do, from the left-hand to 
 the right; and inflcad of pen, ink, and paper, they 
 write, or rather engrave, with a ftilc on the outfide of 
 a bamboo cane ; the Malays, indeed, ufe ink and a 
 coarfe brown paptr. Both nations are poor accomp- 
 tants, and are forced to make ufe of the Banians that 
 relide amongft them as their clerks, when they have 
 any conftdcrable accounts to make up, the Banians 
 being faid to be potreft'ed of great abilities in this par- 
 ticular, and arc alfo fome of the iharpcA traders in the 
 world. 
 
 The inhabitants of this iftand are in general of a 
 modcratie ftature, and a very fwarthy complexion: tticy 
 have black eyes. Hat faces, and high cheek bones : their 
 hair is long and black, and they take great pains to dye 
 their teeth black : they likcwife bclmear themfelves 
 with oil, as in other hut countries, to prevent being 
 ftung by the infee^s ; and let their nails grow exceed- 
 ing long, fcrapinj; thcin till they arc tranfparent, and 
 dying them with vcrmillion : the poorer fort go almoft 
 naked, having only a fmall piece of cloth faftcned round 
 the waift; ami aboui their heads they wear a piece of 
 linen, or a cap made of leaves, rcfcmbling the crown 
 of a hat } but they have no fliocs or ftockings. The 
 better fort wear drawers or breeches, and a piece of cal- 
 No. 36. 
 
 licoor fi k wrappeil aliout their loins, and thrown ovcj- 
 the left ftioulder, and they wear fand.iU on their feet, 
 when in towns. They arc very proud and icvcngclul 
 in their difpofitions; and are fo imlnlfMit, that they will 
 iicither endeavour to improve thi-inrdvcs in arts and 
 fcicnccs, orin hulbandry, but fuller ihcir luanufadurcs 
 to be ncgleded, and their lands to lie without cultiva- 
 tion. If foreigners, therefore, were not to ftipply their 
 dcfedts, they would in all probability fulFcr themfelves 
 to be reduced to a favagc ftate, and only preferve their 
 cxiftencc, like the beafts of the country, with what the 
 earth fpontancoufty produces. The king has no other 
 ftandiiig forces than his guards, but depends on his 
 militia, which, as wc hinted above, areas numerous as 
 the people in his kingdom, all who are able to bear 
 arms, are obliged to appear under arms whenever thejr 
 are fiimmoncd. They have fcarce anv fortified towns 
 and caftles, but what arc natural ; and the country feems 
 to be fo inaccelliblc. thut the natives boaft it has never 
 been conquered by any f ireign power ; but this murt be 
 a miftake. for the prcfent generation, who arc mafters 
 of the north part of the illand and the fea-coaft, are 
 not the original inhabitants, but came from Kgypt and 
 Arabia, and having driven the Pagans up into the 
 mountains, fucceedcd them on the fea-coafts. Thii 
 religion of Mahomet is profelFed at Achcii, and upon 
 all the coafts of Sumatra ; but they are not fuch bi- 
 gotted zealots as they arc in fome other Mahometan 
 countries. Their temples or mofques are but meanly 
 built, fome of them no better than cottages. The 
 chief pricft reftdes at Achen, and has a great influence 
 on aftuirs of ftate. Tiieir marriage contradls are made 
 before their pricfts, who are judges in ci-.fes of divorce, 
 as well as in civil caufes. Their prierts alfo aftift at their 
 celebration of their funeral rites, as in other Mahometan 
 ftatcs. 
 
 This, as well as the reft of the Indian iflands, was, 
 no doubt, firft peopled from the ncighhouringconti- 
 nent. The Phoenicians, tlgyptians, and Arabians after- 
 wards trafticed with them ; and wc find Solomon dc- 
 firing Hiram, king of Tyre, to fend him fkilful mari^ 
 ncrs to pilot his fleet into thefe feas ; and the Ophir 
 mentioned in fcripture, is fuppofed to be this very 
 ifland, from whence he fetched his gold. The Ara- 
 bians and other nations bordering on the red-fea, after- 
 wards planted colonies here, and became fo potent, 
 that they drove the former inhabitants up into the 
 mountains, and poftefled the coaft. The Portugucfe 
 found the defcendants of t'lofe nations fixed on the 
 Ihores of the Indian continent as well as the iftands 
 when they arrived there. The Portugucfe enjoyed the 
 fole traflic with this and the adjacent iflands for near 
 1 00 years, viz. from the year 1500 almoft to the year 
 of our Lord 1 6oo, when other nations followed them 
 round the Cape of Good Hope, and put in for a Iharc 
 of the Indian trade. Some writers affurc us, that this 
 kingdom has been ever governed by queens ; others 
 aftirm that there never was a queen regent here ; we 
 may, however, take the middle way, and allow that 
 it has been fubjcdt both to kings and queens : certain 
 it is, a king was upon the throne when we firft vifitcd 
 this ifkind, bccaufe we have his letter which he w rote 
 to queen Elizabeth, and kings have of late years filled 
 that throne. 
 
 The inhabitants of the mountains are governed by 
 the chiefs of their refj>c<itivc tribes, who are under a 
 nedeftiry of maintaining a good corrcfpondence among 
 ihctnfclvcs. in order to defend their country againft their 
 powerful neighbours ; for as they arc pofTcired of all 
 the gold the iftand produces, there is no doubt but the 
 Mahometan princes that lie round them, would make 
 an effort to fubdue thofe golden mountains, if their 
 princes were at variance : or if they did not, the Dutch 
 would find a way to their gold, if they ftiould find their 
 chiefs divided : for the Dutch are pofTcfled of fevcral 
 ftrong places and countries in the iftand, which would be 
 fupported in fuch an enterprife by fleets and forces from 
 Ilatavia and Malacca, that lie but a very little diflmnce 
 from them. 
 
 4 F The 
 
 L 
 
 Mi 
 
 ^•n 
 
 "■'' \\ 
 
298 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 The coins of the couutry arc, (irft ca(h, or pieces of 
 lead, 1 500 of which make one mas, valued at 1 5 pence, 
 which is a gold coin. A pollum or copng is a quarter 
 of i itias, 1 6 mas is one tad, which is an imaginary 
 coin, dnd equivalent to 20 (hillings (lerling; dollars and 
 other Spanilh coins alfo are current here. With re- 
 fpciil to their weights, five tael, make a buncal, 20 
 buncals one catty, and 100 catty one pecul, being 132 
 pounds Englifli ; three peculs are a China bahar of 
 396 pounds China weight ; and of Malay weight, at 
 'Achen4:2 pounds 15 ounces, and at Bencoolen, and 
 the reft of the weftem coaft, a bahar is 500 pounds 
 great weight, or 560 pounds Ehgliib. They make 
 their payments at Achen oftcner in gold pieces than 
 in coin. 
 
 Several other iflands belong to Sumatra, among 
 which is one called by the inhabitants Pulo Lanchakay, 
 and, by the natives of Achen, Pulo, Lada, or the inand 
 of Pepper. This is a large ifland, fituated in 6 deg. 
 1 5 mm. N. latitude. In the centre of it arc two high 
 mountains fcparatcd from each other by a very narrow 
 valley ; and at the foot of thefc mountains is a plain 
 at leaft 12 miies in length. Pepper il produced in 
 it ; but the ifland is very thinly mhabited. The foil 
 of the plain is well calculated for all kinds of drugs, 
 fruit, rice, and cattle 5 and, as it has feveralgood fprlngs 
 and rivers, it might produce excellent pauurage ; but 
 the inhabitants only attend to the cultivation of pep- 
 per, that being the article which turns out mod to their 
 advantage. The other parts of the ifland are covered 
 with thick woods, in which are fomc remarkable ftrait 
 and lofty trees. The winds arc werterly from the be- 
 ginning of July to the endof QSobcr, during which 
 time they have very heavy rains; and the climate, as 
 in other parts of the fame latitude, is very unwhole- 
 Ibme. The ifland at prcfent produces 500,000 pounds 
 weight of pepper annually, which is faid to be prefera- 
 bleto that of any other place in the Indies, lite in- 
 habitants are Malayans, but are naturally better dif- 
 pofed than thofo of Achen; their habits are much the 
 fame in make, but not fo elegant : they are very zealous 
 Mahometans, and in their cuftoms and ways of living 
 diflfcr little from the inhabitanu of Achen. 
 
 The ifland of Lingen is fituated about 60 miles N. 
 E. of Jamby, and about the fanne diflance to the S. E. 
 of Jc^re. It is 50 miles in length, and 10 in breadth : 
 the interior part of it is very mountainous, but that 
 next the fea he» low, and is very fertile. It produces 
 pqipcr and cJmes, and in fome parts of it are great 
 numbers of porcupines. That of Banca is very large, 
 being at lead 1 50 miles in length, and about 20 in 
 breadth. The natives, like moft of the Malayans, are 
 treacherous, and very unhofpitable to fuch ftrangcrs as 
 unfortunately happen to be fliipwrcckcd on the coaft. 
 At the mouth of the ftraits of Banca is Lucipaia, a fmall 
 ifland but fo barren, that it has but few inhabitants, and 
 only produces a fmall quantity of pepper. There arc 
 feveral other fmall iflands belonging to Sumatra, moft 
 of which are either uninhabited, or fo infignificant as 
 not to merit a particular defcription. 
 
 Java, one of the Sunda iflands, is fituate in the In- 
 dian ocean, between 102 and 1 13 d.egreesof eaft longi- 
 tude, and between 5 and 8 degrees of fouth latitude, 
 being 700 miles long, and upwards of 1 00 broad, having 
 the ifland of Bornea on the north, the ftraits of Bally on 
 the eaft, the Indian ocean on the fouth, and the ftraits 
 of Sunda (from whence it is called one of the Sunda 
 
 Iflands) on the N. W. 
 
 The air of Java, ncarthefea, is generally unhealthful, 
 unleis where the bogs have been drained, and the lands 
 cultivated ; there it is much better, and in the middle 
 of the ifland much more fo. The worft weather upon 
 the north coaft of Java is duriag the wcftcrly monfoon, 
 which begins the firft week in November, when they 
 have fome rain. In December the rains increafe, and it 
 blows frefti, and in Januar> it blows ftill harder, and the 
 ipins continue very heavy till the middlcof February ,when 
 both the windand rahis become more moderate and de- 
 crealCj till thccndotMaich. Their fair rcafoncominencei 
 
 in April, the winds arc then variable, and it is fomctinics 
 calm, only at the change of the moon there arc fuddeii 
 gufts of wind from the weft. In the beginning of May 
 theeaftem hionfoon becomes cqfiftant, and in June and 
 July there is a little rain ; but in this monfoon they have 
 generally clear, wholefome weather, until the end of 
 September. In Qftober the eafterly wind blows faintly, 
 and in November the wefterly monfoon fcts in again; 
 when the wcfteriy wind and currents arc ftrongcft here, 
 namely, in December, January and February, there \i 
 no failing againft them. The eafterly winds and cur- 
 rents are more moderate; fliips may fail againft this 
 monfoon, and a fliip may come from the wcftward 
 through the ftraits of Sunda to Batavia almoft at any 
 ti«ic. There is good anchorage on the Java fide, in 
 20 or 30 fathonris water : near the coaft of Java and 
 Borneo, from April to November, they have land and 
 fea breezes from different poinu ; the wind blows from 
 the land between one and four in the morning, and con^ 
 tinues till noon ; at one or two in the afternoon it blows 
 frefli from the fea for five or fix hours. 
 
 A chain of mountains runs through the middle of 
 the ifland ftom E. to W. which arc covered with fine 
 woods. It is faid thcfc mountains produce great quan- 
 tities of gold ; but the natives conceal it from the Eu- ' 
 ropeans. The moft diftinguiflicd of thefe mountainfl 
 is called the Blue Mountain. The low lands are flooded 
 in the time of the rains. Along the north coaft of Java 
 are fine groves of cocoa-nut trjees, and wherever we fee 
 one of tnefc groves, we do not fail to meet with a vil- 
 lage of the natives. 
 
 The ifland was antiently divided into abundance of 
 petty kingdoms and ftates, and when admiral Drake 
 vifited this ifland in his voyage round the globe, in 
 the year 1579, he relates there were five kingdoms in 
 it. We may now divide it into two parts, t . The north 
 coaft, which is under the dominion of the Dutch; and, 
 2. The fouth coaft, fubjcdl to the kings of Palamboan 
 and Macarara. Bantam was, till lately, the moft con- 
 fiderable kingdom of Java, but this king is now a vaflal 
 to the Dutch. We ftiall heregive fomc account of that 
 city. 
 
 bantam, once the metropolis of a great kingdom, 
 (till the Dutch deftroyed it, and dcpofed the king,) 
 is feated in a plain at the foot of a mountain, out of 
 which iflues three rivers, or rather one river dividing 
 itfelf into three branches, two whereof furround the 
 town, and the other runs through the middle of it. 
 The circumference of this city, when in its glory, was 
 not lefs than 1 2 miles, and very populous. It lay 
 open towards the land; but had a very good wall 
 to the fea, fortified with baftions, and defended by a 
 numerous artillery; and the palace, or rather caftle, 
 where the king refided, was no mean fortification! 
 befides which there were feveral public buildings and 
 palaces of the great men, which made no ordinary figure 
 m this country. It was alfo one of the grcateft ports 
 in the eaftcrn feas, to which all nations rcfortcd, but ia 
 now become a wretched poor place, and has neither 
 trade or any thing to render it dcfirable. The principal 
 inhabitants are removed, and the buildings ruined, their 
 king deprived of his fovercignty, and Income a vafliil 
 to the Dutch. 
 
 Batavia, by the Indians named Jacatra, and by the 
 natives and Chincfe Calacka, or Calappa, as they call 
 the fruit of the cocoa-trees, (which arc very common 
 here, and faid to be fupcrior to any in the Indies) lie* 
 in 6 deg. S. latitude, longitude from London 106, and 
 ftands about 40 miles to the eaftward of Bantam ; it is 
 ficuated at the bottom of a fine bay, in which there are 
 17 or 1 8 fmall iflands, which break the violence of the 
 winds and waves; infomuch that 1000 fail may ride 
 here very fecurely. Two lai^ge piers runs out half a 
 mile into the fea, between which 100 flaves arc con- 
 ftantly employed, in uking up the mud and foil which 
 is waihed out of the town, or the mouth of the river 
 would be foon choaked up. The city of the fame name 
 ftands in a flat country, and is almoft fquarc, and ab9Ut 
 the bignefi of Bciftol, regularly built like the towns in 
 
 Holland, 
 
Captain CARTERET'8 VOYAGE— for making Difcovcries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 299 
 
 Holland, but with white ftonc. Iheir ttrccts arc wide 
 and ftrait, artd in 12 or 15 of the principal are canals, 
 faced with ttone, and planted with ever-grcens: the 
 fides of the ftrects alfo are paved, and over their canals 
 are reckoned no Icfuhan 56 ftonc bridges ; after which 
 defcription there cannot be much occaiion to tell the 
 reader that the place is extremely plcafant, and that 
 travellers arc furprized with its beauty. It is furround- 
 ed with a good wall, and ii baftions wdl furniflicd with 
 cannon, and (b contrived as to be of equal fcrvicc againd 
 an infurredlion in the city, as againft a foreign enemy; 
 the guns being eafily brought to point down the prin- 
 cipal ftreets. 
 
 The houfes are plain, but very neat, and behind them 
 arc large gardens well ftocked with herbs and vegeta- 
 bles, and moft kinds of fruit. They have feveral hand- 
 fome public buildings, fuch as the great church : the 
 Aadt-noufc, the ho^itals, the (jpin-houfe or houfc of 
 corrcdion, the peft-houfe, Chineic hofpital, the houfc of 
 artifans, &c. And there arc two churches built for the 
 reformed Portugucfe, and another for the Malays; but 
 they do not allow cither the Papifts or Lutherans the 
 public exercife of their religion. The fort ftands upon 
 the weft fide of the city, and commands both the town 
 and road : it is ver)t lai^ge, and has four royal baftions 
 faced with ftonc, but has no moat except the canals, 
 •which lie ix. fome diftance from the rampart, may have 
 been miftaken for moats : they are about 25 feet broad, 
 and fordable in moft places ; the infide of the fort is 
 crowded with buildings, there being the general's houfc, 
 as well as the houfes of moft of the principal officers, 
 and companies fervants : in the middle of the city there 
 is a large fquare, which ferves as a parade for the gar- 
 rifon, on the weft-fide of which ftands the great church, 
 on the fouth the ftadt-houfe, on the north a fine range 
 of buildings, and on the caft is one of their great canals : 
 there are alfo feveral fpacious market-places in the city. 
 The fuburbs reach almoft half a league into the country, 
 and form a town larger than the former but not fo com- 
 pa(i>- being intermixed with kitchen gardens and or- 
 chatds. Here the Chinefc chiefly live, and here they 
 have their temples and burying places, and the free ex- 
 ercife of their religion, which is denied the Lutheran 
 [>roteftants. In this part of the town alfo live the Ma- 
 ays, and native Javans, and other nations, w hich the 
 tXitch have tranfplanted from Banda, Ainboyna, &c. 
 There are firnall forts ereded eery way, at two or three 
 leagues diftance from the town, to defend the avenues; 
 the Dutch being confcious that the king of Mataran 
 and the natives would lay held of any opportunity of re- 
 poflcfTing thcmfelves of their country, and driving the 
 Hollanders from their coaft^, however they may feem 
 to acquieicc and tacitly confent, according to the mo- 
 dem phndc, to be infulted and tyrannized over by the 
 Dutch, there is not a nation in India but would gladly 
 throw oft' the yoke, and declare in behalf of liberty, and 
 for any prince who fliould come to their relief. 
 
 The people who inhabit the city and fuburbs of Ba- 
 tavia being formed of various nations, who all pre- 
 fervc the drefles, modes, and cuftoms of their refpec- 
 tive countries, they confequently exhibit a very ftrange 
 appearance ; we (nail therefore, for the information of 
 our readers, give a particular defcription of them. 
 
 The Chinefc do not only drive the greatcft retail 
 trade here, hut arc many of them good mechanics ; they 
 alfo generally farm the fiftiery, cxcifc and cuftoms, and 
 apply themlclves to huftiandry and gardening; to ma- 
 nure and cultivate the rice, cotton, and fugars which 
 grow in the fields, about Batavia and other great towns ; 
 and exceeding the Dutch, it is faid; in their thriftinefs, 
 as well as in cozening and over reaching thofe they deal 
 with. They drefs in a veft and gown of filk or callico, 
 after the fafliion of their country, and wear their hair 
 wound up in a roll, on the hinder part of the head, and 
 faftened with bodkins ; for which every one pays a cer- 
 tain tribute to the EXttch. The Dutch company allow 
 feme privileges to the Chinefc; for they^ have not only a 
 governor of their own nation, who manages their aifkirt, 
 but arc alfo allowed a reprefcntative in the council. 
 
 They bring tea and porcelane hither from China; but 
 they who are employed for this purpofe, muft not con*. 
 tinue on the iftand longer than iix inonth». They have 
 fingular maxims in the interment of thdr dead i for 
 they will never open the fame grave where any ohc tias 
 been buried; their burial grounds, therefore, in the 
 neighbourhood of Batavia, cover a prodigious fp.nce of 
 ground, for which the Dutch make thc.11 pay large 
 funis. In order to prefcrve the body they mike the 
 coffin of very thick wood, not with pi»iiks fiftened to* 
 gether, butcutout ofa folid peace like a canoe; the 
 coffin, being covered and put into the grave, is fur- 
 rpunded with a kind of mortar about eight iiiclics 
 thick, which in time becomes ns hard as ftonc. A 
 great number of weeping women, hired on purpofe, at- 
 tend the funeral, befidcs the relations of the deceafcd. 
 In Batavia, the law requires that every man fliould be 
 burieJ according to his rank ; fo that if the deccafed 
 his not left money fufficient to pay his funeral cxpcnces, 
 an officer takes an inventory of his goods, which arc 
 fold, and out of the produce he buries him in the man- 
 ner prefcribcd. 
 
 The greatcft merchants here are the Dutch, who are 
 alfo very good mechanics ; they keep the chief inns and 
 moft places of public entertainment. They pay two 
 reals a month for their licence, and 70 for every pipe 
 they fell of Spanifli wine: but thefc inn-kcepcrs arc t;ir 
 from being obliging to their guefts, and particularly to 
 foreigners. Here are alfo great numbers of Portu- 
 gucfe; and in order to dil\ingufti them from other 
 Europeans, they arc called by the natives Oran-ferante, 
 or Nazarene men. They in general fpeak the Ma- 
 layan language, but fome of them a corrupt dialed of 
 the Portugucfe; and they have all renounced their 
 religion, by profcffing the principles of Luther. They 
 arc chiefly employed in the moft fervile offices : fome 
 ofthcm arc handi^raftfmen, others get their living by 
 hunting, and the greatcft number by waftii.ig linen. 
 They have fo clofcly followed the cuftoms and manners 
 of the Indians, that they are only diftinguiflicd from 
 them by their features and complexion, their fkin being 
 confiderably lighter, and their nofes not fo flat ; and 
 the manners ofadjufting their hair conftitutes the only 
 dilFcrence in their drefs. Moft of the inhabitants have 
 very tawny complexions. The Malays wear a ftiort 
 coat with ftrait fleevcs, and a cloth about their loins, 
 binding their temples with a piece of linen, in which 
 they enclofe part of their hair, the reft hanging down. 
 The women wear a waiftcoat and a cloth about their 
 waift, which reaches half way down their legs, and 
 ferves inftcad ofa petticoat; they wear nothing but their 
 hair on their heads, and go bare-foot. The men get 
 their living by fifliing, and have fome retail trade, 
 though not comparable to the Chinefe. They piofefs 
 the Mahometan religion; but are naturally very pro- 
 fligate, and will not fcruple to commit crimes of the 
 moft infamous nature. 
 
 The Amboyncfc wear vefts, and wrap a piece of 
 callico feveral times about their heads, the ends whereof 
 hang down. Their women only wrap a piece of callioo 
 about their loins, throwing part of it over their breafts 
 and flioulders, their legs and arms bare; the men are 
 moft of them carpenters, and fome of thefe, as well as 
 of the other nations, the Dutch inlifl in their troops, 
 being efteemed brave bold fcllo\('s, but given to mu- 
 tiny, as the Dutch relate, by which they probably mean, 
 they are not yet reconciled to flavery. Their houfes 
 arc made of wood, and covered with branches of trees; 
 they are pretty lofty, and the floors are divided into 
 feparate apartments, fo that one houfc will contain 
 feveral families. The native Javanefe wear a kind 
 of fcull cap, but their bodies are naked to the middle, 
 wrapping a piece of filk or callico about their loins. 
 which reaches below the middle of their legs, which 
 are bare. The women cover their bodies with a piece 
 of filk or callico, and have another piece wrapped 
 about their loins, and drefs in their hair. The men 
 are employed in huftiandrjr and fiftiing, or in build- 
 ing country boats. There 13 likewife a mixed breed, 
 
 calkd 
 
 ■ ft' - 
 
 m 
 
 "w 
 
 
 V 
 
 I' 
 
100 
 
 VOYAGESROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 called TopafTc* or Maruiikers, confining of fevcral na- 
 tions, incorporated with the Dutch, and have greater 
 privileges than the rclt. Many of thefe are merchants, 
 and diner but little in their habits, or way of life from 
 the Dutch, only the men wear large breeches or trow- 
 fcrs, which reach down to their ancles. The women 
 tie up their hair in a roll on their heads, wear a waift- 
 coat, and a petticoat of lilk or callico, which reaches 
 down to their feet. Thefe live both in city and fuburbs, 
 their houfes are fevcral ftories high, built of brick or 
 ftonc, and very neatly furnilhed within. The Macaf- 
 fars, whofe anccltors poflclFcd the illand of Celebes, 
 and were enflaved by the Dutch; though they went 
 almoft naked in their mother country, wear cloathing 
 here. Several of the Timorcans, inhabitants of an 
 illand of Eaft China, having been brought hither by 
 the Dutch, now conl^ltutepart of the people of Batavia. 
 The habits and cuftoms of thefe and of the Macaffars, 
 are marly the fame: their chief Ci.jployment is huf- 
 bandry and gardening. As many of them profcfs 
 ChrllVianity, and are confonuablc to the Dutch in their 
 religion and cullonis, it is to be prefumcd they clothe 
 themfelves as the Hollanders do. Some of the negroes 
 here are (Kdlars, and haw k about the ftrcets glafs-bcads 
 and coral ; others follow mechanical trades ; but the 
 mod conliderable of them deal in free-Hone, which 
 ihey bring from the neighbouring illands. Thefe peo- 
 ple are chiefly Mahometans. All the inhabitants en- 
 joy liberty of confcience ; but they arc not allowed to 
 cxcrcifc their dirterent motlcs of worfliip. Pricfts and 
 monks are permitted to live here, but they are prohi- 
 bited from being publjckly fecn in the rcfpcdive habits 
 of their prieftly orders. 
 
 As the women of Java are remarkable for their amo- 
 rous difpofition and conftancy to the man they efpoufe, 
 and cxpetS that the man Ihould be equally conftant, if 
 her lover goes aftray, flie makes no fcruple to prepare a 
 dofc for him. An old traveller, who feems much 
 enamoured with the Javanefc ladies, gives this def- 
 cription of them: he obfcrvcs that they are much fairer 
 than the men, hare good features, little fwelling breads, 
 a foft air, fprightly eyes, a moft agreeable laugh, and a 
 bewitching mien, cfpecially in dancing: that they cx- 
 prefs the greatell fubmifllon to their hulband, proftra- 
 tingthcmlelves before him when he enters the houfe. 
 Poivgamy prevails here ; the Javanefc have fcveral 
 wives belides fem:ilc (laves, of whom they make con- 
 cubines when they fee lit. There being a fcarcity of 
 European women, the Dutch are allowed to marry a 
 native, provided Hie will profefs Chriltianity, which fhe 
 is fcldom averfc to, as it gratifies her pride j a Chrif- 
 tian and the wife of aDutchman taking place of a native 
 Javanefc, and being allowed a great many privileges, 
 » hich the natives cannot enjoy j and her hulband is 
 •bligcd to confme himfelf to hur bed, and bring no rivals 
 into the family. 
 
 Rice is the principal grain that grows here. They 
 have alfo plantations of fugar, tobacco, and coffee : their 
 kitchen gardens are Mcll replenilhed with cabbages, 
 purflain, lettice, parfley, fennel, melons, pompions, 
 potatoes, cucumbers, and radidies. Here are alfo all 
 iuannerof Indian fruits, fuch as plantains, bananas, 
 cocoas, ananas, m.-mgoes, inangofteens,durions, oranges 
 sffcvernl forts; limes, lemons, the betdand arck nut; 
 g«uu> of fevcral kinds, particularly bcnjamm: in March 
 ihey plaiU rice, and their harvelt is in July. In Odlober 
 they have the greatelt plenty of fruit, but they have 
 fome all the year. They have good timber, cotton, 
 and other trees proper to the climate, belides oak, 
 cedar, and fcveral kinds of red wood. The cocoa-tree 
 is N cry common, which is of univerfal ufe, affording 
 them meat, drink, oil and vinegar; and of the fibres cf 
 the bark they make them cordage; the branches cover 
 their houfes, and they write on the leaves with a ftcci 
 lUlc, and with the tree, and the great bamboo cane, 
 they build their houfes, boats and other veffels. Here 
 aie buffaloes and fome oxen, and a fmall breed of 
 horfes. The few fheep we find here have hair,' rather 
 than wool, and their flclh is dry. Their hogs, wild and 
 I 
 
 umc, are the beft meat wc find there, or in any other 
 countries between the tropics j and their venifon is 
 good: here arc alfo tygers and other wild beaffs, cro- 
 codiles, porcupines, ferpents, fcorpions, locufts, and a 
 multitude of infedh. Monkies of various kinds are 
 found here, alfo flying fquirrels; and a remarkable 
 animal called jackoa ; it is iilmod like a lizan), is very 
 malicious, and darts its urine at every thing which 
 offends it : the urine is of fuch a quality, that it will 
 canker the fleih, and if the part is not immediately cut 
 out, the ohjedl on which it falls muff immediately 
 perifli. Few accidents, however, happen from this 
 creature, as it always gives notice of its (irtjation from 
 the fingularity of its voice, fo that the natives, as well 
 as animals, have an opportunity of cfcaping it. The 
 food, falutations, and divcrfions of the Indians in this 
 illand, are the lame as in Borneo and Sumatra, and 
 therefore neal not to be repeated here. The Dutch 
 travel in coaches, and on horfeback, and fometimcs in 
 pelanquins, or covered couches, carried on men's 
 Ihoulders, as the Indians'do, with a grand retinue. Not 
 any of the nations ofFurope are fiiffered to trade tojava, 
 but from China 14 or 15 junks of 200 or 300 ton, ufed 
 to come every yeai -n November or December, and re- 
 turn hoine injure; which furniflied the Dutch with 
 the merchandize of China upon eafier tenns than they 
 could purchafe it in that country : and this is the rea- 
 fon the Dutch fo feldom vifit that kingdom, and per- 
 mit other nations to , trade thither, w hich they could 
 prevent if they pleafed, by (hutting up the ftraits of 
 Sunda and Malacca, which the fquadrons of men of 
 war they always keep in India, enable them to do. 
 Belides the goods imported to Batavia by the Chinefe, 
 the Dutch themfelves import the produce of Japan, the 
 Spice Iflands, Perfia, Surat, Bengal, the coaft of Coro- 
 mandel and Malabar, and all the .ncrchandize of Eu- 
 rope and Africa. Never were fuch magazines of goods 
 laid up in any city, as ^c to be found in Batavia, ex- 
 cept in AmAerdam itfcif ; and as they barter the goods 
 of one country for another, the Indian trade is fo far 
 from diminifhing their treafure, that it brings them in 
 more gold and filver than any other traflic. 
 
 The Dutch governor of Batavia takes great ftate upon 
 him, and has in reality the power of a fovereign prince. 
 A troop of horfe-guards precede his coach when he goes 
 out, halberdier* lurround the coach, and a company of 
 foot-guards march after it, cloathed in yellow fattin, 
 enriched with filver lace and fringe; and the governor's 
 lady has her guards, and is attended in all r»f[icds, 
 both within and in public, with a dignity equal to that 
 of a queen. The mod conliderable otTicer next to him 
 is the dircdlor-general, whofe bufinefs is to purchafe 
 fuch commodities as are bmught to the port, and to 
 difpofe of fuch as are taken from it. He is fole maffcr 
 of all the magazines, and has the fupremc diredion of 
 every thing that relates to the commercial intercll of 
 the company. 
 
 Batavia being a place of the greateff trade in India, 
 the cuftoms mufV be very confiderable; niorc cfpecially 
 as the inhabitants are in general wealthy, and almoft 
 every article is fubjedl to a duty. The taxes are paid 
 monthly ; and to favc the charge and trouble of gather- 
 ing them, on the day they become due a Hag is dif* 
 played on the top of a houfc in the center of the town, 
 and all parties are obliged immediately to pay their 
 money to the proper officers appointed to receive the 
 fame. The money current here confifls of fcveral forts t 
 as ducats, which are valued at ij^fUvers; ducatoons, 
 at 80 tlivcrs ; imperial rix-dollars, at 60 ; rupees of Ba- 
 tavia, at 30 ; fchellings, at fix ; double cheys, at two 
 divers and an half; and doits, at one-fourthof a (liver. 
 Some of thefe coins arc of two forts, though of the fame 
 denomination, namely, milled and unmilled, the former 
 of which is of mod valuer a milled ducatoon is worth 
 80 divers, but an unmilled one is not worth more than 
 72. All accounts are kept in rix-dollars and divci^ 
 which are here merely nominal coins, like our pounds 
 ftorling. The Dutch, befides their land forces, which arc 
 very oumerous, have men of war fuHicicnt to engage any 
 
 fleets 
 
C API- AIM CARTERE'l 's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 301 
 
 ly other 
 
 lifbn is 
 
 b, croi 
 
 andi 
 
 nds are 
 
 arkable 
 
 , is very 
 
 which 
 
 it will 
 
 tely cut 
 
 i^diatety 
 
 ^m this 
 
 )n from 
 
 as ucil 
 
 The 
 
 in this 
 
 ra. and 
 
 Dutch 
 
 Hects they arc likely to meet «ith on the Indian fcas : 
 ami from their great ftren};th and importance in this 
 part of the globe, they aflliine the title of " Sovereigns 
 of all the fcas, from the Cape of Good Hope caftwaid, 
 to Cape Horn in America." - ^„ 
 
 Chcrebon isfltuatc about 80 miles eaft of Uatavia : it 
 is a place of conlidcrable extent, and where the Dutch 
 have a failory. The country is very fertile, and pro- 
 duces moft ItinJs of provifions, particularly dec. The 
 inhabitants arc under the dominion of four great lords, 
 called fultans, one of whom is particularly attached to 
 the Dutch, and for that rcafon is dillinguilhed from 
 the red by the nanle of the company's fultan. Thd reft, 
 indeed, iriay not be undcfervinR of the like epithet, as 
 they arc in alliancd with the Dutch, whofe friendlhip 
 they endeavour to pfefcrvc, and whom they conlider as 
 their fole protedors; for had it not been for them, 
 thefc petty princes wbuld have been reduced to the fub- 
 jedion of the king of Bantam, who made inroads on 
 their diltrid, but was rcpulfed by the interpofition of 
 the Dutch. Since this circuinftance, the fuluns have 
 teftified their gratitude by granting many diftinguiftied 
 privileges to their protedtors in thefe dominions. The 
 chief pcribn belonging to the Dutch fadory here is called 
 the refident, who corrcfponds with the governor-general 
 of Batavia, but is folcly indcpendant ofany other officer. 
 Here is a good fort, where the Dutch have a garrifon 
 conlifting of 80 nicri; about. a mile and a half from 
 which is a large temple containing the tombs of feveral 
 of the princes of Cnerebon. It is A lofty building of 
 variegated (hmes, and very elegantly ornameilted within. 
 The generality of their prielh relide near this temple, 
 the whfile order of whom are treated with the moft dif- 
 tint^uillicd rcfped by the inhabitants. We ftiall now 
 proceed to the defcription of Palamboan and Mataram, 
 the latter of which is fubjcct to the Dutch* 
 
 ^^alainl)i/an, the capital of the kini^dom of that name, 
 is iituatc in 1 1 4 «.Ug. of K. lonp;. and m 7 deg. 3CJ min. S. 
 lat. on the ilraits of Bally, through which the Eaft In- 
 dia fliips fomjcinics p:ir.,\vhen iheyare homeward bound 
 from Borneo; fuchfliips touch at the town of Palamboan 
 for frelh water and provilions; but the furf often beats 
 with (iich violence on the fliore, that makes it difficult 
 watering tlicrc. Tliis kingdom, which is indepcndant of 
 the Dutch, lies at the S. E. end of Java, in a pleafant 
 fountry, watered with feveral rivulets, which fall on each 
 • lide of the town into the neighbouring ftraits. The 
 rajah, or king of this country, generally rcfides either at 
 Palatnhoan, or at a fort 1 5 miles from the fea. His do- 
 minions reaches from the eaft end of Java, 80 miles 
 along the fouth coalV, and about 60 miles from N. to S. 
 but its extent up the country is not known. This king- 
 dom is faid to produce gold, pepper and cotton, alfo 
 rice, India corn, roots, and garden ftufF. Their animals 
 are horfcs, bufTalocs, oxen, deer, and gOits, and they 
 have great plenty of ducks, geefe, and other fbtta of 
 poultry. The fovcreign and his fubjedts arc Pagans, 
 but there arefomc Mahometans among them^ and a few 
 Chinefe. 
 
 Mataram, when in its moft flourifliing ftatc, exterided 
 ita dominion over the whole idand, and even now takes 
 up a confiderable part of it: this kingdom was the laft 
 in the iftand which the Duch reduced under their go- 
 vernment ; having continued its ftruggles for indepen- 
 dency till the year 1 704, when the Dutch took the ad. 
 vantage of an opportunity that otfered in a difputc re- 
 lative to the fucceflion of the crown, between the fon 
 and brother of the deceafed fovcreign. Thefe two ri- 
 vals produced an univerfal divifion in the nation* He 
 who was intitled to the crown by order of fucceflion had 
 fo much the advantage over his antagonift, that had it 
 not been for the Dutch, who declared in favouf of hit 
 rival, he would certainly have pofTeflcd himfelf of the 
 fupreme power. After a fefiet of contefts, the party 
 efpoufed by the Dutch at length prevailed : the young 
 prince was deprived of his fucceflion, and his uncle, who 
 was unworthy of the charader, afliimed the fove- 
 reignty. After the death of this princ« the company 
 placed the legal heir on the throne, and didUtcd fuch 
 ' No. ^6. 
 
 laws to him as they thought beft calculated to anfwer^ 
 their (inifter ptirpofes. They chofe the plate wherd 
 his court was to be fixed, and fecured his attachment 
 by ereding a caftle, i» which a guard was kept with no 
 other apparent view than to prcited the prince: They 
 employed evety artifice to lull his attention by pleaj 
 furcs, mad(i him valuable prcfents, and foothed hini 
 by pomf)ous cmbafltcs. I'Vom this time the prince and 
 his fucceflbrs have become mere tools of the com- 
 pany. The neceflary protedion allowed them by thd 
 company conflfts of 300 horfe and 400 foot ; but [hd 
 expencesf he company are at on this accdunt are amply 
 repaid by the advantages that accrue to them. 
 
 The harbours aflbrd docks for building all the fmall 
 vcflels employed in the fervjce t and they afe fupplicd 
 from hence vtith the! chief part 6f the timber that is 
 ufed in their refpeclive fcttlcmcnts. Belides thefe ad- 
 vantages, they are fiiniflied with various produdions of 
 the Country at ftipulated priced, which arc fo low as td 
 be extremely profitable to therh. 
 
 This country is in general vdry fertile, and produce* 
 great quantities of rice, as alfo plenty of fruit. Ther^ 
 are alfo various fjrts of anihials, particularly horfcs^ 
 flieep, goats, and remarkablfc large oxen. The rivers 
 abound with ftfti, and the woods produce great plenty 
 ofgamej but the moft valuable articles in this kingdom 
 are, rice, pepper, cad iang, cotton, yafn, cardaWum and 
 indigo i the latter of which is efteemed to be as good irt 
 quality as any found in this part of the worlcJ; Thd 
 refidence of the king is ufually at Mataram, the capital 
 of the kingdoin. His palace is a very handfome fpacious 
 building, adjoining to which are many good houfcs 
 belonging to his ndbles, who continually wait ort 
 him, and the greateft homage is paid him by his 
 fubjeds in general ; for though thefe princes arc 
 vaflals, yet they are permitted to live in as great 
 ftatc ai when they were indepcnddnt riionarchs ; and 
 the orders of the E)utch are always executed in their 
 names. They therefore aflTumc a dignity not inferior 
 to that of the moft defpotic prince, and when they go 
 abroad, a very diftinguilhcd mark of loyalty is beftowed 
 on them. 
 
 japara is the lift plact of irilportance that remains td 
 be mentioned in this ifland ; it is (ituated at the bottom 
 of an eminence called the Invincible Mountain, on the 
 top of which is a fort built of wood. It is a very con- 
 fldefablc town, and has a good road Iccured by two 
 fmall iflands. The Englifti had once a f:tdory here, 
 but they were driven from it by the Portuguefe, who at 
 that time were riial^rs at the pldfcc. This country pro- 
 duces almOft eveiy necelta/'y of life, efpecially cattle^ 
 hogs, and poultry : they have alfo gieat plenty of rice, 
 with various forts of the moft delicious fruits; and their 
 waters abound with the beft of fifli; But the moft vaj 
 luable commodities here arc pepj>cr, ginger, cinnamoni 
 and indigo. In the woods and mountains are feveral 
 kinds of wild bcafts, as buftiilucs, flags, tygers, and 
 rhinoceros's ; the latter of thefe the natives hunt for the 
 fake of their horns, which arc much admired, becaufii 
 they will not contain poifon; for they will immediately 
 break to pieces ifaiwiuth compofition is put into them. 
 As to the riatives of this country, they very much rc- 
 femble thofe of other Indian nations, and have the fame 
 kind of cuftoms and ceremonies. They are fond of 
 public dJVerfions, particularly the reprefentation of 
 comedies, which principally conlift in fing<ng and 
 dancing 5 and they are flaves to cock-fighting, that by 
 the large fums thev betj they ah: frequently reduced tO 
 the moft abjed dift ^cfs and poverty. They are chiefly 
 of the Mahdmetan religion, as i» alfo the king, who 
 
 gncnllly (-elides at a place called Kattafura, where the 
 Itch have a fort and garHfon< I'his pfince reigny 
 abfolute aimong his fubjeds, who are very faithful to 
 him, and pay him the grcitteft homage. Like moft 
 eaftern moharchs. he is conftStitly attended by women^ 
 and takes as many wives and concubirfes as he thinks 
 proper. When hi»cOurti($rs obtain dn audience, they 
 apprciach him with the profoundeft humility ; and eveit 
 hts pricfts fo much r«v«r« him^ that fome ot them go in 
 
 f 
 
 .;..■ 1 
 
 -I '■■':,■ ' 
 
 '.''ifi 
 
 4O 
 
 piljfrjmage 
 
302 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 •^ > 
 
 4 
 
 pilgrimage to Mecca, to make vowi. and pray for hit 
 prorpcrity, and that of hit iamily and government. 
 
 The ifland of Balla, or leifer Java, i« only divided 
 from the lareer by the ftraiu of Bally, and eadward of 
 thii are the iflands Lambock, Combava, Florcs, Solor, 
 Timor, and fcverai more, upon which the Dutch have 
 forts and fettlementi, and tatcc the liberty of governing 
 and even tranfplanting the natives whenever they pleafc, 
 from hence they frequently recruit their troops, and 
 thus make one nation of Indians contribute to keep an* 
 other in fubjeiflion. 
 
 Timor is the largeft of thefe iflanJs, being about 
 300 niiles in length, and 50 in breadth, and is divided 
 into feveral petty Rates, which the Dutch oppofe agninlt 
 one another, and by that means govern the whole. It 
 has not any navigable rivers or harbours, but there are 
 feveral commodious bays. The Portueuefe had for- 
 merly colonies here, whofc defcendants are now fo inter- 
 mixed with the original natives, that they arc fcarce to 
 be diflinguifhed from them, efpecially as they profefs 
 the fame religion. The principal kingdoms m this 
 ifland are Namquimal, Lortriby. Pobumby, and Am- 
 aby: each of which has an independant and abfolutc 
 fovereign : thefc have feveral Rajahs, and other diRin. 
 Kuifhed officers under them ; all of whom, with their 
 lubjedls in general, pay them the greateft homage. 
 Each kingdom has a language peculiar to itfclf, but 
 the manners and c<iftoms of the inhabitants ditfer 
 but little. There are fome Pagans and Mahometans 
 fViU remaining, and the-Chinefc come hither to trade 
 once a year ; the inhabitants are fo very fwarthy, that 
 they are fomctimes taken for blacks, and thofe that are 
 not under the government of the Portuguefe or Dutch 
 arc roprefcnted as favages s they wear no clothing but 
 a little piece of cioth about their loins, and the better 
 fort wear a kind of coronet abo^ut their temples, adorned 
 with thin plates of gold or filver; the reft have caps 
 made with palmetto leaves. Their arms are IVonU, 
 darts, and lances or fpcars, and with thefe they run 
 down and kill their game. Their animals arc the fame 
 as in the ifland of Java, as well as th:ir forefl and fruit 
 trees. The Dutch dc not feem to make any great pro- 
 fit of thefe iflands t the principal deCtgp of their build- 
 ing fo> r- here, is to defend the avenues to the fpioe 
 iflam yyntch lie in their neighbourhood. On this laft 
 mentioned ifland there is a Portuguefe fettlement, called 
 Laphao: it is fituatcd by the fca-fide, about three 
 leagues to the eaft of the Initch fort, called Concordia. 
 It IS a very fmall place, containing only a few mean 
 houfes, and a church made of boards, covered with 
 palmetto leaves. There is a kind of platform here, on 
 which arc fix iron guns ( but the whole ajK fo much 
 decayed, as to be rendered almofl ufelefs. The people, 
 in general, (peak the Portuguefe laimiage; and the 
 nauves have been fo intermixed with the Portuguefe by 
 marriages, that it is difficult to know one from the 
 ,other. Moft of them profefs the Roman catholic faith ; 
 but in the other paruof the ifland they are either Ma- 
 homctants or Pagans.. The chief trade is carried on at 
 Poru Nova, fituated at the caft end of the ifland, and 
 'where the Portuguefe governor ufually refides. Some 
 years ago a pirate attacked, plundered, and then de- 
 ftrmed feveral of the buildings in thu town, with that 
 of Concordia bcloi^ng to the Dutcn. 
 
 Mandura is an ifland oppofite the eaffemmoff point 
 of Java, the moft valuable produce of which, for foreign 
 markets, are deer fltins. Itt principal town is Arabia, 
 fituated near a deep bay, about eight kagfies from the 
 wcftcmioft land of Java. The foil of this ifland is very 
 fertile, and produces feveral forts of grain, particularly 
 rice ! alfo leveral kinds of the moft delicious fruits. 
 The chief animals are buflfaloes, horfes, flicep, and 
 oxen, the latter are remarkably large, and the flefli little 
 inferior to thofe of Europe. Their buildiius. maxims, 
 cuftoms, &c. refemble thofe of other Indian nations : 
 fome of them are Mahometans, and others Pagans. 
 The men arc in general very robuft and courageous, for 
 which rcafon, when there is any deficiency in the fixed 
 number of the Dutch troops, they recruit from them 
 their forces at Batavia and other fettleracnu. 
 
 We now proceed to the continuation of the hiftory of 
 our voyage. By our account the town of Macalfar tics 
 in latitude 5 dcg. 10 min. and in 117 deg. 28 min. 
 Eaft longitude from London. It is built upon a point, 
 or neck of land, and is watered by a river or two which 
 cither run through, or very near it. It fecmcd to us 
 to be large, and there is water for a fl»ip to come within 
 half a cannon fliot of the walls. The country about it 
 is level, and has a moft bcautiftil appearance; it a- 
 bounds with plantations, and groves of cocoa>nut trees, 
 with a great number of houfes interfjierfcd. At a dif- 
 tancc inland, the country rifes into hills of a great 
 height, and becomes rude and mountainous. 
 
 The Bay of Bonthain is large, with good foundings, 
 and a foft bottom of mud i wherein (hips may moor 
 with perfinft fecurity ; nor is there any danger coming 
 ini for the rocks at the entrance arc above water, and a 
 
 Sood mark for anchoring. The higheft land in light 
 ere is Bonthain hill 1 and a fliip in the offing, at the 
 diftance of two or three miles from the lan^ fliould 
 bring this hill N. or N. half W. and then run in and 
 anchor. We laj^ right under the hill, at the diftance of 
 about a mile from the ftiore. In this bay are many 
 fmall towns : Bonthain lies in the N. E. part of it ; and 
 the fort which we have mentioned, is intended for no 
 other purpofe than to keep the country people in fub- 
 jedioi). The Dutch rclidenc has the command of the 
 place, and of Builocomba, which lies about twenty 
 miles farther to the caftward. There are feveral fmall 
 rivers from whence water may be got upon occafion : 
 indeed wood and water are here in great plenty : wc cut 
 our wood near the river, under Bonthain hill : our wa- 
 ter was procured partly from that river, and partly 
 from another j when from the latter, our boat went a- 
 bove the fort with the caflcs that were to be filled, 
 where there is a good rolling way ; but as the river is 
 fmall, and has a bar, tlie boat, after it is loaded, can 
 come out only at high water. Frefh provilions were 
 purchafed here, at reafonn' rates : the beef is excel- 
 lent, but not in plenty ; I . rice may be had in any 
 quantity, as may fowls and fruit. In the woods are 
 abundance of wild hogs, and as the natives, who are 
 Mahometans, never eat them, they may be purchafed 
 at a fow price. The natives at times, fupplied us with 
 turtle ; for this, like pork, is a dainty which they never 
 touch. The b;^llocks here are the breed that have a 
 bunch on their backs. The arrack and fugar that are 
 confumed are brought from Batavia. Celebes is the 
 key of the Molucca or fpicc iflands, which, whoever 
 is in po(rc(rion of it, muft necclTarily command : moft 
 of the (hips that are bound to them, or to Banda, touch 
 here, and always go between this ifland and that of So- 
 layer. The latitude of Bonthain hill is j deg. 30 min. 
 S. longitude 1 1 7 deg. 53 min. E. 
 
 On Sunday the 22nd of May, at day break, we 
 fililed from Bonthain Bay, keeping along ihore till the 
 evening, when we anchored in the pafTage between the 
 two ilunds of Celebes and Tonikaky ; the latter of 
 which, according to our account, lies in latitude 5 deg. 
 31 min. S. longitude 117 deg. 17 min. E. On the 23d. 
 we weighed, ftecred to the fouthward of Tonikaky, and 
 ftood to the weftward. At three o'clock P. M. we 
 were abreaft of the eaftermoft of three iflands, called 
 by the Dutch Tonyn's iflands. Thefe make a right 
 angle triangle with each other; the diftance between 
 the eaftermoft and weftermoft is eleven miles, and their 
 relative bearings are nearly eaft and weft. At fix o'clock, 
 after we had founded and got no ground, we fuddcnly 
 found ourfelves upon a fhoal, having not three fathoms 
 water <vhich, being fmooth and clear, afforded us the 
 fight of great crags of coral rocks under our bottom. 
 We immediately threw all our fails aback, and provi- 
 dentially got off without damage. This is a very dan- 
 gerous (hoal, and feemed to extend itfelf to the fouth- 
 ward and weftward, all round the two weftermoft of 
 thefc three iflands, for near fix miles, but about the 
 eaftermoft ifland there feemed to be no danger; we 
 oblerved alfo a clear paiTage between this ifland andfthe 
 other two. The latitude oi the eaftermoft and wefter- 
 moft of thefe iflands is 5 deg. 31 min. S. The eafter- 
 moft 
 
 a 
 
 «: 
 
 I- 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
hiftoryof 
 (acafFar lies 
 g. 28 min. 
 on a point, 
 two which 
 coined to us 
 Dme within 
 ry about it 
 ncc; it 8- 
 i-nut trcM, 
 At a diif- 
 of a great 
 
 foundings, 
 may moor 
 ;er coming 
 atcr, and a 
 [>d in fight 
 ing, at the 
 nd, fhould 
 run in and 
 diftance of 
 are ouny 
 of ic; and 
 dcd fur no 
 pie in fub- 
 and of the 
 )ut twenty 
 veral fmall 
 occafion: 
 ty: wccuc 
 : our wa- 
 md pardy 
 •at went a- 
 bc filled, 
 he river is 
 >aded. can 
 lions were 
 f is exccU 
 od in any 
 woods are 
 >, who are 
 purchafed 
 ed us with 
 they never 
 at have a 
 >r that are 
 bes is the 
 , whoever 
 uid: moll 
 >da, touch 
 hat of So. 
 5. 30 mjp. 
 
 break, we 
 re till the 
 twecn the 
 
 latter of 
 de 5 deg. 
 J thf 23a, 
 kaky, and 
 '. M. we 
 is, called 
 c a right 
 
 between 
 and their 
 t o'clock, 
 fuddeniy 
 : fathoms 
 ed us the 
 
 bottom, 
 id provi- 
 ery dan- 
 ie fouth* 
 rmoft of 
 bout the 
 igen we 
 I and the 
 i wcftcr. 
 le cader- 
 moft 
 
 m 
 
 
 ''n 'I 
 
 
It 
 
Captain CART^RET's VOYAGE — for making Difcoverici in the Southern Ocean, &c. 303 
 
 nioft i» diftant 34 miles due W. from Tonikaky. and 
 the wcftcrmoft lies ten miles farther. On the 15th P. M. 
 we f' -nd the water much difcolourcdi foon after wc 
 went over the northermoft part o( a ftioai. Here wc 
 found the water very foul when to the fouthward, but 
 to the northward of us it appeared to be clear. At 1 1 
 o'clock we faw to the northward of us, the fouthcrmoft 
 iflands of Salombo, in latitude 5 dcg. u min. S. at the 
 diftance of eighty-two leagues weft of Tonikaky. Wc 
 n>uft here remark, that off the ifland of Madura, the 
 winds of the monfoons are commonly a month later in 
 fettling than at Celebes. On Thurfaay the 26th P. M. 
 wc faw from the mart head the ifland of Luback, which 
 it in latitude 5 dcg. 43 min. S. and in longitude 5 deg. 
 
 i|6 min. W. of Tonikaky, and diftant from thence 1 12 
 eagucs. To the northward of this ifland we found a 
 current fetting W. N. W. On the 29th we faw the 
 clvfter of fmall iflandi. called Carimon Java, diftant 
 from Luback 4J leagues. The eaftermoft ifland is the 
 lanKft, and is m latitude 5 deg. 48 min. S. longitude 
 7 dcg. $2 min. W. of Tonikaky, from which it is dif- 
 tant about I j8 leagues. 
 
 Thurfday. the and of June, wc made that part of 
 the ifland of Java which makes the eaftermoft point of 
 the bay of Batavia, called Carawawang. When mc firft 
 got fight of the land we decreafcd gradually our found- 
 ings, and, having fteered alon^ the fhore for Batavia, 
 we had thirteen fathoms, in which depth, night coming 
 on, wc anchored, in fighr of Batavia, near the two 
 fmall iflands called Leyden and Alkmar. On the 3d 
 we came to an anchor in the road, which is fo good 
 that it may be conftdercd as a harbour. Wc thought 
 ourfelvcs happy in having attained our prefent fituation ; 
 for with great difficulty we had prevented the Swallow 
 from finking by the conftant working of the pumps, 
 during her who!.* pafTagc from Celebes. In this road of 
 Batavia wc found laying eleven large Dutch fliips, bc- 
 fidcs fcvcral that were lefs, one Spanifh fhip, a Portu- 
 guefc fnow, and fcvcral Chincfe junks. On the 4th 
 we falutcd with 1 1 guns, which number was returned ; 
 and this being his Majefly's birth day, we afterwards 
 fired 21 guns more on that occafion. In the afternoon 
 captain Carteret waited upon the governor, rcquefting 
 pcrinifTion to repair the defeds of the fhip ; but he was 
 diredcd to petition the council. Accordingly on Mon- 
 day the 6th when the council met, the captain fent a 
 letter, Rating to them the dcfedts of the (hip, and rc- 
 quefting permifTion to repair her ; adding that he hoped 
 they would allow him the ufe of fuch wharfs and ftorc- 
 houfcs as ftiouid be neceffary. On the 7th in the after- 
 noon, the fhebander, Mr. Garrifon, a merchant, as in- 
 terpreter, and another perfon, came to the captain, 
 faying, that he was fent by the governor and council 
 for a letter, which they had heard he had received 
 when at Bonthain, that the author of it, who had in- 
 jured both him and their nation, might be punifhed. 
 Captain Carteret acknowledged he had received infor- 
 mation of a defign to cut off the fliip, but faid, he had 
 never told any one it was by means of a letter. The 
 fhebander then defired to know if the captain would 
 ukc an oath, of his not having received the letter in 
 queftion ; to which the captain returned, that if the 
 council had any fuch extraordinary rcquifition to make 
 of him, he deiircd it might be in writing, and then he 
 would «ivc fuch a reply, as, upon mature confideration, 
 he (hould think proper. He then afkcd the fhebander, 
 what anfwcr he had been inftruded to givtto his letter, 
 concerning the refitting of the (hip ; to which the (he- 
 bander replied, that the council nad taken offence, at 
 his having ufed the word hoped, all merchants having, 
 upon a like occafion, ufed the ftilc of reaiieji -, captain 
 Carteret in return faid, that no offence nad been in- 
 tended on his part, and that he had ufed the firft words 
 that occurred, which he thought moft cxprcflivc of his 
 meaning. On the 9th the fame gentlemen vifi:ied the 
 captain a fecond time, when the fhebander required a 
 writing under his hand, importing, that he believed 
 the report, of an intention tbnned at the ifland of Ce- 
 lebes tocutotf the Swallow, was folfc and inalicioui. 
 
 ohferving at the fame time, that he hoped the captain 
 had a better opinion of the Dutch nation, than to fup- 
 pofe them capable of fuffering fo exccrah'o a deed to 
 be perpetratea under their government. After this al- 
 tercation Mr. Garrifon read a certificate, which, he 
 faid, had been drawn up, by order of the council, for 
 captain Carteret to fign. This the captain rcfufed to 
 do, becaufc it appeared to be made a condition of com- 
 plying with his requeft refpeding the fliip. During 
 this converfation,,the captain defired to lee by what 
 authority the Shebander made his requifition : he re- 
 plied, he had no teftimony of authority, but that of the 
 notoriety of his bcng a public ofliccr, and the evidence 
 of the gentlemen who were prefent, who would confirm 
 his declaration, that he aded in this particular by the 
 exprefs order of council. The captain now repeated 
 his requeft of having the reuuifition of the council in 
 writing; the Shebander faid, he could not do this 
 without an order from his fupcriors ; the captain upon 
 this abfolutely refufed to fign the paper, and they parted 
 not in very good humour with each other. 
 
 On Wednefday, the 15th, the fame three gentlemen 
 paid capuin Carteret a third vifit, informing him, that 
 the council had protefted againft his behaviour at Ma- 
 caffar, and his refuting to fign the certificate, as an 
 infult upon them, and an ad of injuftice to their nation. 
 The captain faid, he was not confcious of having, in 
 any inftance, aded contrary to the treaties fubfming 
 between the two kingdoms, unworthy of his charadcr 
 as an oflicer, honoured with a commiflion from his 
 Britannic Majefty, or unfuitable to the truft repofed in 
 him; nor did he think he had been ufed by the go- 
 vernor of Macaffar as the fubjed of a friend and aUy 1 
 he then requefted, that if they had any thing to alled^e 
 againft him, it might be reduced to writing, and laid 
 iKfore the king his maftcr, to whom alone ne thought 
 himfeif to be refponlible. With this anfwer they de- 
 parted i and, the next day, the captain w rote a fecond 
 letter to the governor and council, in which he rcpre- 
 fentcd, that the leaks of the Swallow were every day 
 increafing, and urged, in more prcfTing terms, his re- 
 queft, that fhe might be repaired. In confequencc of 
 this application, on Saturday the 18th the Shebander 
 informed us, that the council had given orders for the 
 repair of the fhip at Onruft, and, as there was no ftorc- 
 houfe empty, they had appointed one of the company's 
 vcfTels to receive our ftores. The captain inquired of 
 the Shebander whether he had not an anfwer to his 
 letter ; he faid he had not ; nor was this the ufual mode 
 with tlie council, a mcffage by him, or fome other of- 
 ficer, being always thought fuflicient. All difputes be- 
 ing now terminated, without any improper compliances 
 on the part of this intrepid commander, he was, after 
 this, fupplied for his money with every thing he could 
 delire from the company's ftores, and a pilot was or- 
 dered to attend us to Onruft, where we came to an- 
 chor on Wednefday the 22nd. We immediately began 
 to clear the fhip, and put her ftores on board the com- 
 pany's velTel. On examination we found the poor 
 weather-beaten Swallow in a very decayed ftate. Her 
 bowfprit and cap, as well as her main yard, were rot- 
 ten, and altogether unferviccable, her (hcathing was 
 every where eaten off by the worms, and the main 
 planks were fo much damaged, that it was abfolutely 
 neceffary to heave her down, before (he could be fufii- 
 ciently repaired ; but the wharfs bein^ at this time pre- 
 engaged by other (hips, her repairs did not commence 
 till the 24th of July. When the Dutch carpenters 
 came to examine her bottom, they were all of one o- 
 pinion, that the whole (hould be (hifted. This the 
 captain ftrcnuoufly oppofed, being afraid, as the Swal- 
 low was an old (hip, that (hould her bottom be opened, 
 and (bund worfe than was imagined, flie might under- 
 go the fate of the Falmouth, anj be condemned : he 
 therefore defired, tliat a good (heathinj only might be 
 put over all ; but the Ba\yfe, or mafter caipenter, would 
 not undertake the required repairs, unle» the captain 
 would certify under his hand, that what (hould be done 
 was in confeqiience of his own exprefs orders, judg^. 
 
 ment. 
 
 it I'll 
 
 ■.■''I 
 
 ii 
 
 i-at: 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
304 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND ihe WORLD Completb. 
 
 
 rncnt, and ilirc>.tioii t which the Dutchman thouuht 
 was nccclTary for his own juftificatiorii for, faid nc, 
 flioulil the Swallow never reach England, the bl.iine, it 
 1 jro accoriling lo your dircdions, will nevcrthclefs con- 
 fi-ijucntly fall upon inc. This being thought a rra'bn- 
 nbtc pro^iolition, the Captain readily aflented to it i but 
 being by this act become refixmlibic for the fate of the 
 Ihip, he thought proper to nave her furvcycd carefully 
 by our own carpmtcr and mate, he himfelf with hiil 
 officers always attcmling. .\mong oiher ^cfcAs, fcvcn 
 chain-plates were iiftlcfs ; the iron work was in a very 
 tk'cayed llate i fevcral of the knees were loofe, oilers 
 were broken, aiul the biitt-ciuls of the planks that joined 
 the ftern were fo ojK-n, that a man's hand might be 
 thnift in between. 
 
 During our flay at this jwrt, we l()und, among other 
 ptivatc (iiips from India, the Dudley, frt)m Bengal ; and 
 application having been made to the council, leave had 
 been granted to careen her, but as the wharfs had been 
 kept in continual ufe, ilic had been put oif above 
 four months. The Captain apprehending, that if he 
 futfcrcd « delay much longer, the worms woul.J eat 
 through the bottom of his veU'el, applied to our Com 
 niander to intercede for him with Admiral Houting, 
 which hcdid w'ithfuch fuccefs, that a wharf was im- 
 mediately allotted her. " Admiral Houting," fays Cap- 
 tain Carteret, " is an old man, in the Icrvicc of the 
 Hates, with the rank of Commander in chief of their 
 marine, and the (hips belonging to the Company in 
 India. He received his firlV maritime knowledge on 
 board an Englifli man of war, fpcaks Englifli and 
 French extremely well, and docs honour to tnc fcrvice 
 both by his abilities and politencfs : he was fo obliging 
 as to give me a general invitation to his table, in con- 
 fcquence of which I was often with him, and it is with 
 pleafure that I take this opnortunity of making a pub- 
 lic acknowledgement of tne favours I received from 
 him, and bearing this tcllimony to his public and pri- 
 vate merit : he was, indeed, the only officer from whom 
 1 received any civility, or with whom I had the lead 
 communication ; for I found them, in general, a re- 
 fcrved and fupertilious fct of people." The fpirited 
 behaviour of Captain Carteret to the governor at this 
 Dutch fcttlcmcnt, in rcfuling to pay him an extrava- 
 gant homage, which is exaoled ol the Captains of all 
 merchant fliips which touch here, defcrves alfo par- 
 ticular notice. The governor of Batavia, although a 
 fcrvant of the republic, atfumes the ftate of a fovcreign 
 prince. When he goes abroad, he is efcortcd by a 
 party of horCe-guards, and two black footmen run be- 
 fore his coach, each having a large cane in his hand, 
 with which they take the liberty of chaftifing thofe 
 wh)do not make the obcifancc that is cxpccled froni 
 perfons of all ranks, whether belonging to the country 
 or ftrangcrs. In this fettlemcnt almoll every one keeps 
 a carriage, which is draw n by two horfcs, and driven by 
 a man upon a box, like our chariots, but is open in front. 
 When any one of thcfc coaches meets that of the gover- 
 nor's, cither in the town, or upon the road, it is drawn 
 on one fide, and the perfons in it muft get out to pay 
 their rcfptds, while his excellency's coach goes by ; nor, 
 if a coach is behind, muft it drive part that of the go- 
 vernor's, however prcfling ncccflity may require fpecd. 
 A fimilar homage is likewifc required by the members 
 of the council, called Edele Heeren, only that the jicr- 
 fon docs not quit his carriage, but ftanding up in it, 
 pays them a refpcdlful.homagc. One black 'nan, with 
 a Itick in his hand, runs likcwife before the coach of 
 every member of the council, nor muft any one pre- 
 fume to pafs it any more than that of the governor's. 
 It was hinted to Captain Carteret by the landlord of the 
 hotel where he lodged, that his carriage muft ftop, if 
 he fliould meet the governor, or any one of the Edele 
 Heeren ; this ceremony being generally complied with 
 by .tfe captains of Indiamen, and other trading fliips; 
 and he intimated, that the Shebander had ordered him 
 to give the Captain this information : but our Com- 
 . mandei" difdaining to pay a degree of fervilc homage to 
 ' the fcr vanes of the Sutes of Holland, which is not paid 
 . -•• I 
 
 to the kingof CircatUritain, would not lonfcnt to perform 
 any fuch ceremony j and when the landlord iiuntioncJ 
 the black men with their fticksi, he pointed tohi« pif- 
 tols, which then hapuened to lie upon the table, ami told 
 him, that he would Ik u|M)n hisgunrd i and lliould any 
 infult lie offered to his pcrfon, he knew well how to de- 
 fend himfelf: upon this he went out, and in a lew houis 
 after told the Captain, he had orders from the governor, 
 to let him know, that he might do as he pleated. Wc 
 had now been at liatavia iKtwccn three and four months, 
 and during that time, fays Captain Carteret, " I had the 
 honour to fee the governor l)tit twice: the firfl tiuu* 
 was at my arrival, when I waited upon him at one of 
 his houfes, a little way in the counti; i the next was in 
 town, ai he was walking before his hoiilc there, when I 
 addrelTcil him upon a particular occalion. .Soon alter 
 the news of the Prince of Orange's marriage arrived at 
 Batavia, he gave a public entertainmciii, to which I 
 had iiic honour of being invited- but having heard, 
 that Commodore I'inker, up<in a like occalion, finding 
 that he was to be placed below the gentlemen of the 
 Dutch council, had abruptly left the ro<yn, and was 
 followed by all thevaptains of his fquadroni: and lacing 
 willing to avoid the difagreeable dilemma, of cither 
 fitting below the council, or following the Commodore's 
 example, 1 applied to tne governor to know what flation 
 would be allotted me. before I accepted his invitation, 
 and finding I could not be permitted to take place 
 of the council, I declined it. On both thefc occalions I 
 ffwke to his excellency by an Englifli merchant, who 
 adedas an interpreter. The lirft time he bad not the 
 civility to offer miTihe leaft rcfreflmicnt, nor did he the 
 lall time fo much as alk me to go into his houfe." The 
 fliip was now re[)aircd to our fatisfadion, though ibc 
 Dutch carpenters thought flic was not in a condition 
 to proceed to Europe j and admiral Houting intimated, 
 that if we went to (ca before the proper time, wcfhould 
 meet with -fuch weather off the Cape of Good Hope, 
 as would make us repent our halle; but the Captain 
 being ill, and the people very fickly ; and efpecially as 
 the weft monfoon was fetting in, during which the mor- 
 tality is yet greater at Batavia than at other times, wc 
 thought it better to run the rifk of a few hard gales 
 ofT the cape, than to remain longer in this unhcalth/ 
 place. 
 
 We therefore, on Wednefday the 1 5th of September, 
 fiiiled from Onruft, without returning, as is ulual, into 
 Batavia Road, and the Captain, on account of his illnefs, 
 fent his lieutenant, Mr. Gowcr, to take leave of the 
 governor, and to oiler him his fcrvice, if he had any 
 difpatchcs for Europe. When we left this port 24 of 
 our feamen, which were brought from Europe, lud 
 died, and the fame number were now very ill, liven of 
 whom died on our pafTage to the cape ; but wc were fo 
 happy as to procure a number of Englifli feamen at 
 Batavia before our departure, which recruited the 
 ftrciigth that had been wafted in the voyage, and with- 
 out thefc recruits, in the Captain's opinion, we (liould 
 not at laft have been able to bring the ftiip home. On 
 Monday the 20th, wc aiic'.ioied on the S. E. fide of 
 Prince's Ifland, in the ftraix of Sunda, at which time we 
 had the wind frelh from the S. E. Wc have juft given 
 a defcriptive, hiftorical, and geographical account, of 
 the iftands of Sunda, and Juva, and in a former voy- 
 age of the Philippine Hies, to render which full and 
 complete, wc lliall here dcfcribe fome other noted 
 illands and places in (he Indian leas, to which, at leaft, 
 references are made in the inftrudivc and cnteruining 
 voyages which compofc this work. 
 
 (1.) TheNicobir Illands, which arc fituatcd in the 
 Indian lea, bctwee.i 7 and 10 degrees of north latitude, 
 and between 92 and 94 degrees eaft longitude, near the 
 entrance of the bay of Bengal, a little north ef the iflatid 
 of Sumatra. Thcfe iftes form three cluftcrs j the mid- 
 dle, called Sombrero, are well inhabited, except one ; 
 the northern cluftcr, called Carn;^ -bars, are not fo po- 
 pulous. The fouthern clufter of the Nicobar^, arc very 
 mountainous, and the people much more favage than 
 thofe of the middle and northern cluftcrs. The priefts 
 
 of 
 
Captain CARTERETi VOYAGE— for making Oifcovcrie* in the Southern Ocean, &.•. ^o^ 
 
 of Sombrero, arc drcrtcil iiiui;h in the luinc manner t» 
 we paint ihcilevil. by «l>irh a|)iW4rantc they Itccp the 
 inhabitant* in uwc. Ihc l.irgd* of thelc i»»«nd», which 
 lii'i moft to the fouth. i» 40 "»''" '""«> ""'* ' i '"'"i^' 
 the fouth cm! i« mountainous and there are fonic flcen 
 nxki ncarthcfeai the reft ot the ifland it covered wiin 
 woods, but hai no hiuh land. It ii a rii h loil, that 
 would produce almoft any ({rain, if it was cultivated. 
 TIk- i;rovcs of cocoa-nut trees that grow in the Hat 
 country near the fea.arc exceeding pleafant ; but we do 
 not find an account of any town*; only, a* we fail by 
 ica, we can perceive Rrouns, containing each five or fix 
 houfc-H in every creek ano bay, which arc built on bam- 
 boo pillars, eiyht or nine feet above the ftirface of the 
 ground, the nxif being neatly arched with bended cane, 
 and covered w ith paJm branches. 
 
 Thcfe iflanderi are of the middle ftaturc, their com- 
 niexion a deep olive, their long hair and eyes black. 
 The men wear no cloaths, but a piece of linen cloth 
 about their loins i that of the women reaches IkIow the 
 knees. Their women might be efteemcd handfomc, if 
 it was not tkc cuftomto pull the hairoif their eyebrows 
 by the nioti. They neglect to clear the country, and 
 cuttivatc the ground, which is over-run with wood ; 
 and they live chicHy on filh, and fuch fruits as the 
 country produces fpuntancoudy. They have tittle trade 
 or commerce with any other people ; but as fliips fiul 
 in their way to and from the ftraita of Malacca, they 
 bring off hogs, pmltry, and fuch fruits as the country 
 affords, taking tobacco, linen, and other nccelTaries in 
 return. 
 
 (2.) The Andoman, and C(Koa Idands. The former 
 arc lituated in the bay ot Ik-n^al, north of the Nicobar 
 Idandii, in between 10 and 15 degrees of north latitude, 
 longitude 92 degrees call. Theic i Hands do not lecm 
 to diflcr much from thofe of Nicobar, except in pro- 
 4lucing rice, which <' cultivated and eaten by the natives 
 as weU as fifli n.iO fruit. The Cocoa Klandj lie {5 
 leagues W. S. W. of Cape Ncgrais ; they produce great 
 abundance of cocoa-trees, but are uninhabited. 
 
 (j.) The famous illandofCcvloni which lies between 
 f dc\, 30 min. and lodeg. lomin. N. latitudei and 
 oetwei !i79 deg. 40 min. and 82 deg, 45 min. E. lon- 
 gitude ; at the dillance of about 190 miles from Cape 
 Comorin, Ptolemy dcfcribed this ifland under the 
 name of Taprobane. It is 900 miles in circumference, 
 300 in length, and 140 in breadth. It is for the moll 
 part a mountainous country, covered with wood ; but 
 there are feveral fruitful plains and valleys, well watered 
 by rivulets. A very remarkable mountain, which Hands 
 on the fouth-fide of Condula. the name of tkc northern 
 divtfion, is, by the natives, called Hamalcl; but by the 
 Europeans, Adam's Peak, being of a pyramidal form, 
 only on the top is a little rocky plain, with a print of a 
 roan's foot on it, near two feet long, to which the natives 
 CO in pilgrimage once a year, to worlhip the impret 
 Son, having a tradition, according to Tome, that their 
 
 SkI Buddow afccnded to heaven from hence, leaving 
 is print of his foot, which the Portuguefe, when they 
 pofleflcd this ifland, called Adam's foot, and the moun- 
 tain Pico de Adam; but others affirm, that it received 
 its name from a tradition of the natives, that Adam 
 was created and buried here. In this nnountain rife 
 the principal rivers, which run into the fea in diiTerent 
 directions. The Urged of thefe is the Mavillagonga, 
 which runs N. E. of the cities of Candy and Alatneur, 
 difcharging itfclf into the ocean at Trincomale. Thefe 
 rivers mn wit li fuch rapidity, and are fo full of rocks, 
 that none of them are navigable: the rains, which hap- 
 pen when the fun is vertical, increafe their waters, and 
 create abundance of torrents, which are not viliblc in 
 the dry fcafon. The air is for the molt part healthful, 
 except near the fea, and the north part of the ifland, 
 where they have no fprings, or rivers ; and if the rain 
 fiiils them, they are (urc to be afflided with famine or 
 ficknefs. The chief towns are, i . Candy, the capiul 
 of the ifland, and fituate near the center of it, in lati. 
 ttide 8 deg. N. and 79 deg. E. longitude. This is an 
 open town with fortifications, and yet almoft inacccfli- 
 No. 37. 
 
 As the boys grow up, they are entered 
 d land fervice ; and the girls are married 
 
 hie, being furrounded by rocks and thick w(io<li ihnt 
 are im(>ilublc, except thiough foiue lanrs, which are 
 fenced with gates ot (hong thorns : and yet it aiipeirs 
 that the Portuguefe made thcmlelves mailers of C'aiidy, 
 and almoft demolilhcd it, obliging the king to retire to 
 Digligyneur, live miles 8. K. of Candy. 2. Columho, 
 the capital of the Dutch fcttlements, is a great port 
 town in the S. W. part of the ifland, in 7 deg. N. la- 
 titutle, and in 78 deg. E. longitude. It has a goo«l 
 harbour, defended by a caftle, and feveral batteries of 
 guns. In this caftle refides the governor, merchants, 
 orticers and foldicrs, belonging to the F.aft India Com- 
 (tany: and 4000 (Uvea nave their huts between the 
 caftle and the fea. The Dutch have twO hofpitals 
 here : one for the fick and wounded, and another for 
 the orphans, 
 into the fea and 
 
 at 12 or 13 years of age I and they have a Malabarian 
 fch(M)l for teaching the Indian language. 3. Negumbo, 
 which is alio a m>rt town, lie:i atiout ?c miles north of 
 ColunilMJ. 4. Jatfnapatan, the capital of the province 
 oftlic lainv name, and the northern divifion of this 
 ifland. '1 here is no cinnamon in this part of the ifland, 
 neverthclefs the IXjtch have fortified it all round, to 
 prevent any other nation fending colonies thither. 5. 
 rrincomale Is lituateonthccaft-lideof the ifland, about 
 Ko miles fouth of Punta Pedra, the moft northerly pro- 
 montory of the ifland. 6. Battadalio is another fortrefs, 
 50 miles fuuth of the former : belides which places, 
 there are the fcven little iflands Ourature, Xho, De- 
 fcrla, AnaUtiva, Caradiva, Pongardiva, and Nainan- 
 diva. 
 
 With regard to the hiftory of this ifland, the country 
 villii(;esof the natives are very irregular, being not laid 
 out ill Itreets, but every man indoles a fpot of gi ound, 
 w itii a bank or pale luitable to his circumftuuccs, and 
 there are frequently 20 or 30 of thofe inclofurcs pretty 
 near together. The buildings are mean, the houfes of 
 the generality of the people, low thatched cottages, 
 coniifting of one or two gitMind rooms, the fides 
 whereof are fptintered with rattans or cane, which they 
 do not always cover with clay, and if they do, it feems 
 they arc not pennitted to white-wafh them, this being 
 a royal privilege. The better fort of people have a 
 fquaie in the middle of their houfes, and as many 
 rooms on the fides of it as the number of the family 
 requires, with banks of earth raifed a yard high above 
 this fquare court, whereon they fit crofs-legged, and eat 
 or converfe with their friends. Their meat is drefTed 
 in their yards, or a corner of the room. Their furni- 
 ture conlifts of a mat, a ftool or two, a few china plates, 
 with fome earthen and brazen veflTels for water, and to 
 drcfs their meat in, except)onc bcdftead, which is allotted 
 to the mafter of the houfe to lit or fleep on, and this is 
 corded, if wc may ufc the expreflion, with rattans or 
 fmall canes ; and has a mat or two and a ftraw pillow 
 upon it, but no tefter and curtains. The women and 
 children lie on mats by the fire-fide, covering them- 
 felves only with the cloth they wear in the day time ; 
 but they will have a fire burning at their feet, all night, 
 the pooreft among them never wanting fuel, wood be- 
 ing fo plentiful that no one thinks it worth while to 
 claim any property in it. Their Piigodas or Teiriples, 
 whiclrare of any antiquity, are built of heWn frone, 
 with numbers of images tx>th on the infide ami but, 
 but no windows in them, and in all other refpedts like 
 thofe on the neighbouring continent of India; but 
 their temples of a modern date are little k>w buildings 
 with clay walls, almoft in the form of a dove-houfe ; 
 and befides their public temples, they have fmall 
 chapels in their yaixls, fometimes not more than tw« 
 feet fquare, which they fet upon a pillar four feet high, 
 and having placed in it the image they reverence moft, 
 they light candles and lamps before it, and everv 
 morning ftrew flowers while performing their devo- 
 tions. 
 
 The natives are efteemed men of good p«rt« and 
 
 addrefs, grave, yet of an eafy temper. They eat and 
 
 fleep moderately, but are lazv and indolent, which ii 
 
 4 H the 
 
 J 
 
 
 .'1 
 
 
 ■1,1; 
 
 ■V I 
 
1o6 
 
 V O Y A G E 8 ROUND the WORLD t o m f l r r k. 
 
 t 
 
 the i»fc ill luoft lio( ilimatw. It it ftiit, thm they are 
 not (liven to thieving, but »rc much aiWiCtcJ to IvinK, 
 whiJh fccnw to Ik a paradox i for a man who will lye 
 and deceive, would not niakc much fcniplc to cheat. 
 'I'hcy arc far (roin being jcaloui, or rcllraining of their 
 women from taking innocent frcedomi. The men are 
 of a moderate ftaturc, and well |troportioncd, wear long 
 l»eard», and have good feature* i their hair and eyca arc 
 black I they have dark complexion*, but not black a* 
 the nativei uiH»n the neighbouring continent ol India 
 are. They tit on mati and carpeti on the Ho<»r, but 
 have a rtool or two for (Krfoni of dillin<flion i but the 
 >ulgar arc prohibited the ufc of rtool*. Young men 
 of (igure wear their hair long and combed back i but, in 
 a more advanced age, cap» m the form of a nutre arc 
 worn. Their dreU is a wairtcoat of callic», and a piece 
 of the fame wrapped round their wailU, in which they 
 i)ut their knivei and trinkets, and they have a hanger 
 iy their fide, in a lilver fcabbani : bclidcs which they 
 walk with a cane or tuck, and a boy carries a box with 
 betel and areca after them. Ihc betel is a leaf of the 
 fliapc of a laurel leaf, and the arcca-nut »bout the big- 
 neUof a nutmeg, which they cut in thin flicci, with 
 an inftrumcnt made on purpofc for it, and this, with a 
 pane made of lime, they chew together al;-.-;! «11 day 
 long, as moft other Indiana do: tni» mixture fecma 
 to be a kind of opiate, and fenders them perfotUy cafy 
 while they ufc it. They have a jperfon to carry a co- 
 vercd lilver pot, or one made of fomc other metal, to 
 fpit in: for this compolition has a naufeous fmell, 
 and it would be the grcateft affront imaginable to fpit 
 on the carpets or floors in a friend's houfe, and thofe 
 that chew it fpit perpetually. It makes their lips very 
 red, of which they are proud, and this may be one 
 reafon for their taking it; but there is nothing inviting 
 in the uftc of this luxurious dainty, though univcrfally 
 chewed, and is the firft thing offered a llratwcr when 
 he makes a vifit. The women wear their hair long 
 without any covering, and make it rtiine with cocoa- 
 nut oil, which has a very rancid fmell, though the na- 
 tives ertrem it a perfume, for cuftom will bring people 
 to like almoft any thing. The women are drcllcd m a 
 callikO waiftcoat, which difcovers their fliape, and they 
 wrap a piece of callico about them, which falls below 
 their knees, and docs the fervicc of a petticoat: thefc 
 are longer, or (hortcr, according to the quality of the 
 perfon who weara them. They bore holes m their ears, 
 in which they hang fuch a weight of jeweN. or fome- 
 thing ihat refcmblcs them, that you may put a half 
 crown through the hole of their ears: they load their 
 necks alfo with weighty necklaces, which fall upon their 
 breafts. containing a great many ftrings or rounds of 
 beads: their arms are adorned with braccleu i and they 
 have a number of rings on thei. -ingcra and toes j and 
 a girdle of filver wire furrounds their waifts. When 
 they go abroad, they throw a piece of ftriped filk over 
 their neads. which fometimca refembles a hood. The 
 peopje arc obliged to go bare-footed, becaufe none but 
 the king is allowed to wear (hoes atid (lockings. The 
 ufual falutation among thefe people, ia the fame aa in 
 other paru of India, namely, the carrying one or both 
 hands to their heads, according to the quality of the 
 pcifon they falutc. Talkative people are in no repute ; 
 for the neattrt relations, or moft particular friends, do 
 not talk much when they vifit, but lit filcnt a great part 
 ef the time. A man before marriage, fends a fnehd to 
 putchafe the woman's deaths, which (he fnely fells for 
 aftipuhucd fum. In the evening he carries them to 
 her. fleeps with her all night, and in the momiiw ap- 
 poinu the day of marriage s on which he provides an 
 entertainment of two courletfor the friends of both par- 
 ties. Thefeaft is held at the bride's houfe, when the 
 young couple eat out of thclame di(h, flecp t(»ether 
 :hat night, and on the enfuing morning depart for the 
 bridegroom's habitttion. The meaning of making 
 a purchafc of the bride's doaths is, that (lie and her 
 friends may be Satisfied with refpcft to the man's cir- 
 rumftawe*. they are permitted to part with each 
 rther<whenevcr they pleafe ; but if there fliould beany 
 
 children, the man is objiy^i-d to mninlain the boyi. and 
 the woman the girls i and ilu > arc lo inclined to avail 
 themfelvesofthm lilnTty, that Come of them hive brcn 
 known to change a do/.eii imici. The prnfcffion of a 
 midwife is unknown, »% the wonipn, in gciirnl, me 
 both willing and qualified on chatoiialion tuadill caih 
 other. 
 
 I'his ifland (irniluccs ricc,of\vhi(h thcvhave fivcral 
 kindi : one ol them wilt he fcvcn niotithit before it 
 comes to maturity, fmne lix. ,ind othi ih live, iHtwcm 
 the feed time and harvrll : that \»hiih grow* falleft 
 is the beft tailed, but yield* the It.iH iiHic.ifei and ii« 
 all forts of rice grow in water, the inluiliiiaius arc at 
 
 Srcjtt lawiour andexpciue in levelling thegiound duy 
 elignlbr tillage, and making channels from their well* 
 and rciwlitories of water, to convey to tiiife tkWU: 
 they cut out the fides of their hills fiom the top to the 
 bottom, into little level plains, one almve another, that 
 the water may Hand in them till the corn is ripci and 
 thefe levels not being more than fix or eight feet wide, 
 many of them look like ftairs to afccnd the mountain, 
 at a little dillance. In the north part of the ifiand, 
 where there are lew fprings, they (ave the rain water 
 in great ponds, or tanqucs, of a i.Mie in compafs, in 
 the time of the monfoons. and when their feeds ar« 
 Town, let it down into them gradually, fo that it may 
 liold out till harveft. They do not thrafii, but tread 
 out their corn with oxen and buffaloes, frequently in 
 the (icid where it growi, Wh' it is reaped, they lay 
 
 out a round fpot of ground for this purpofc, about li 
 feet over, which they dig r, foot and a half deep, and 
 the women, whofc bufincis it is, bring the corn in bun- 
 dles on their heads, after which the cattle arc driven 
 round the pit till they have trampled it out of the 
 firaw : then a new floor is laid i and with half ador.en 
 oxen they will trample out 40 or 50 bulhels a day. 
 Before they begin to tread out the corn, they aluayi^ 
 perform a religious ceremony, and apply to their 
 idols for a blelting on their labours. They have 
 feveral other kinds of grain, which they eat at the 
 latter end of the year, when rice begins to be fcarce, 
 particularly coracan. which is as finail as a mufiara 
 iced. Having beat this, and ground it into flour, 
 they make cakes of it. This grain grows in .dry 
 |;round, and is ripe within three or four months after it 
 IS fown. They have alfo a feed, called tolla, of which 
 they make oil, and anoint themfelvcs with it. 
 
 In this ifland are a great variety of fruiu, but th^ 
 natives fcldotn eat them ripe, or cultivate any but 
 thofe which ferve to make pickles fortheirfoup or curree, 
 and for fauces, when they are green, to eat with their 
 rice. Of the betel they have great abundance, which 
 they formerly exported to the coafl of Coromandel, to 
 great advantage, before the Dutch excluded them from 
 all trade with foreigners, llic fruit called jacka, ii 
 part of their food. They grow upon lara;e trees, at« 
 rouiKl in their Ihape, and as big as a peck foaf. They 
 are covered with a green prickly rind; have feeds and 
 kernels in them a* big as a chcfnut ; and arc in colour 
 and tafte like them. Tlicy gather thefc jackas before 
 they are ripe ; and, when boiled, they eat much like 
 cabbage ; if fuffercd to grow till ripe, they are very 
 good to eat raw. The natives roall the kernel in the 
 embers, and carry with them when they take a journey, 
 for their provifion. There is another kind of fruit 
 called jumbo, which is very juicy, and taftcs like an 
 ai^le : it is white, ftreakcd with red, and looks very 
 beautiful. They have alfo fome fruits that rcfcmblc 
 our plumbs and cherries; nor do they want any of the 
 common Indian fruits, fuch as mangoes, cocoas, pine- 
 apples, melons, pomegranates, oranges of feveral forts, 
 citrons, limes, &c. They frequently dedicate their 
 fruit to fome dxmon, to prevent their being flolcnt 
 after which their neighbours dare not touch them, 
 left the dsemon. to which they are devoted, (hould 
 puni(h them for the theft ; and before the owner catss 
 of it himfclf, he offers part of it to the idol. Their 
 kitchen gardens are well ffored with roots, plants, and 
 herbs, for the Pottuguefc and Dutch have introduced 
 
 aU 
 
Captain CARTERFT'i VOYAGE— fur making Dilcoverif* in fheSoif nu hn 0<! an, &c. 307 
 
 )>>. mill 
 10 asail 
 
 \vf Uevn 
 
 ion ot u 
 ril, me 
 
 flill each 
 
 fiv<ral 
 
 •t'oic It 
 licrvvccii 
 
 fallen 
 1 atul :ii 
 ;.i arc at 
 uikI thiv 
 icir Weill 
 
 liclJi : 
 i>p to the 
 her, thai 
 ipci and 
 ■ct w ide, 
 lountain, 
 
 iHand, 
 
 in natcr 
 
 pafi, in 
 
 fccdit ara 
 
 •II manner ol lunoiJcan planli that grt)W in oiirkitclien 
 
 Sirdeiu. '1 hiy alloalwund in niedii inal hcrlw, whuli 
 ey know >ery well how to apply, and with whii h thry 
 perform many noialilecurc». 
 
 Nor are they in want of floweri of various colours, 
 and a deliciou* ftent, which grow f^iomancoully 1 hut ' 
 arc never cultivated : with thefe, the younn pi-opic ul \ 
 both lexe* adorn their hair. With a variety o» Oilicri, 
 thry have white and red rofi-i, as fwect and brautihil 
 as tljolc in Furope, and a white Mower refcnililiuK jcf- 
 faniine, whiih the king refervca for his own u(e, no 
 fubieck iKiiipt allowed to wear it. There is another 
 flo.ver, whii h is ohferved to open about four every 
 cvrning, and clofe again at four in the morning. 
 
 Amonir their trees the talipot, which grows very 
 tall and Sraii, is in high repute. A finglc leaf of tins 
 will cover 1 5 or 10 men. and will fold up like a fan : 
 they wear a piece of it on their heads, when travelling, 
 to (kreen them from the fun. They alfo fcrvc the 
 foldiers for tenti to lie under in the fields 1 and their 
 leavea are fo lough, that they make their way w ith them 
 through the thickets without tearing them. There is 
 likewife a tree called kettule, a kind of palm, a* high 
 at a cocoa-tree, from whence they draw a plcnfant 
 liquor > an ouliiury tree yielding three or four galloni 
 a day ; and when boiled, it makes a kind of hrown 
 fugar, called jaggory. The wood of this tree is black, 
 hard, and very heavy. But that ot nioft value to the 
 Dutch, as it was formerly to the Arabs, «nd the Purtu- 
 guefe, is the cinnamon-tree, which grow* commonly in 
 the woods, on the S. W. part of the ifland. The tree 
 is of a middle fr/.c, and has a leaf of the form of a 
 laurel leaf. When the leaves firft appear, they are as 
 fed as fcarler, and being rubbed between the fingers, 
 fmcll like clove*. It Dears a fruit like an acorn, 
 which neither fmcllt nor tafles like the bark ■ but if 
 boiled in water, an oil fwimt on the top, which fmells 
 fwectly, and is ufed at an ointment in feveral dil^em- 
 
 Ccrt : but as they have great plenty of it, they frequently 
 urn it in their lamps. 1 he tree having two barks, 
 they ftrip off the outhdc bark, which is good for little, 
 and then cue the inner bark round the tree with a 
 
 f)runing knife t after w hich the^ cut it long ways in 
 ittle flips, and after they have flripped thefe piecei otf, 
 lay them in the fun to dry, when they roll up in tlie 
 manner we fee them brought over. 'I'he body of the 
 tree is white, and fcrves for building, and other ufes, but 
 hat neither the fmcll nor tafle of the bark. When the 
 wind fets off tl^ ifland, tlic cinnamon groves perfume 
 the air for many miles out at fra, of which we have 
 incontcilible evidence ; 4nd mofl likely it in at that 
 time of the year, when the cinnamon trees arc in 
 bloflbm. 
 
 Of the animals that abound in this ifland, are ele- 
 
 i>hants of a very large ftzc i alfo oxen, buflalocs, deer, 
 logs, goats, monkeys, and fome wild bcafts; but they 
 had neither horfes, alFcs, or Ihecp, till they were im. 
 |)orted by the Europeans i nor have they any lions or 
 wolves. The elephants feed upon the tender twigs o( 
 trees, corn, and graft, as it is growing, and do the huf- 
 bandmen a great deal of mifchicf, by trampling down 
 their corn, at well as eating it, and fpoiling their trees. 
 The monkeys have black faces and white beards, much 
 refembling old men. Alligators and crocodiles aboXind, 
 ns do alfo fer{)cnts of a monftrout lizc s and here it an 
 animal in all rcfpeds like a deer, but nut bigger than 
 a hare. Vermin and infc<ils are very numerous, par- 
 ticularly ants, which cat every thing they come at, 
 except iron, and fuch hard fubflanccs. Their, houfes 
 are peftered with them. When full grown they have 
 wings, and fly up in fuch clouds, that the/ intercept! 
 the light of the fun ; foon after which they fal!' down 
 dead, and are eaten by fowls, who devour them alfo at 
 other times. The common fort of bees build in hollow 
 trees, or in holes of the rocks 1 but there are much lar- 
 ger beet, of a more lively colour, which form their 
 combs upon tha high boughs of trees, and, at the pro- 
 per feafon, the country people go out iivto the wioods 
 .and take their honey. In the feafon when the rains 
 
 iH-gin to fait, thry are trotihled with fm.ilt red Iccrhei, 
 which ire not at lirfl much bigger tli.iii a liair i thcd; 
 run up the bare legs of travellers, and f'uing thrtiifclvci 
 there, arc not eafll) removed, till thr bliKnl tuin about 
 their hrelt. The remedy ufcd ajjainll thcii bite is, to 
 rub the legt wiJi a coin|)ontii>n of allies. Union juice, 
 and fait. The bite of thefe ( rraturci 11 f) far from 
 being atceiuled with any ill confec|ucncc), that the 
 bleeding, which ii the etfec't of it, is cflcented vrry 
 w lif)lrl()riic. Their fowls are gcefc. dui k , turkeyn, hen*, 
 woodiDcks, partridges, fnipes, wild ptatock*, parro- 
 qucts, and a beautiful fparrow at white as fnow, all 
 but its head, which is black, \('itli a plume of teathrrt 
 ftanding upright upon it. The tail of thefe birds ii a 
 f(K>t in IriiL^th, 
 
 In tliis ifland the inhabitants m.nke favoiiry foups of 
 flcdi or llfli, which they eat with their rice : ucople of 
 cemlition will hav0fcvcr.1l difliet at their t.-iblcs, but 
 they conlifl chiefly of rice, foups, herbs, garden-roots, 
 and vegetables. Of fleflj and lilh thry cat but little. 
 Their meat is cut intolinallfquare pieces, and two or 
 three ounces of it laid un rhe fide of the difli by thc.^ 
 rice, and, being feufoncd yery high, gives a relifli to 
 that inli|)id food. They ule no knives or forks, but 
 have ladles and fpoons made of the cocoa-nut fliell. 
 Their plates arc of brafs or china-ware j but the poor 
 have a broad leaf inflead of a plate, and fometimes 
 fcverul leaves fcwcd together with bents, where broad 
 ones arc not to be had. Water is their ufual drink, 
 which they (xiur out of a crucc or bottle, holding it 
 more than a foot above their heads i and fome of them 
 will fwallow near a quart of water in this manner with- 
 out gulping once. Neither wine nor beer is made in 
 this country, but arrack and fpirits are drawn from 
 rice. They never cat beef, the bull and cow being 
 objcifls of adori^pon. Neither the people in a high or 
 low flatiun eat with their wives : the man fltt by nim- 
 felf, and the women and children cat after he 'las 
 dined. In this woody and mountainoui country arc 
 no wheel carriages, unlefs what belong to the Dutch 
 near the fcacoafl. The baggage is carried ufually upon 
 the backs of their Haves. The chief manii^a*lturcs here 
 arecallico and cotton cloths: they make -Mo brafs, cop. 
 per, and earthen vcfTelt, fwords, knives, and working 
 tools : they alfo now riuko pretty good fire-arms ; and 
 goldfmith't work, painting, and carving, are performed 
 tolerably well. We may trace their foreign trade up 
 to the carliefl ages. They fupplicd Perua, Arabia, 
 Egypt, and Ethiopia, with their fpiccs, before Jacob 
 went down into Egypt, which it above jocx) years 
 iince, as appears by the hiflory of Joi'eph's bring fold 
 to Ifl^maehtc merchants, who were travelling with a 
 caravan acroft Arabia to Egypt with the fpiccs of 
 India, of which the cinnamon of Ceylon, that lies near 
 thecoaft of hither India, was no doubt the chief; and 
 fo profitable was ihit branch of trade, ^t|iat ail the nations 
 above inentwned (cntcolonies hither,' ^vhofe defccndants 
 were planted here when the Portugueie firft vifitcd this 
 coaft. 
 
 Mere the Portuguefc language it fpokcn ; however, 
 the natives have alangiiageof their own, which comes 
 nearefl to that GN)ke|i on t^e Malabar coafl : the Bra- 
 mins or pricfls Ipeajc a dead lak^agp^' in which the 
 bookt relating to their religion are written. They 
 write upon the leaves of the talipot cut into pieces 
 of three fincers bropd, and two foot tong, with a ^eel 
 ftyle orlxKWin. They haye long (ludiod aftronomy. 
 which they learnt from the Arabiant, and foretell cclipica 
 tolerably welt; they are great pretenders alfo to aflro- 
 logy, And by the |ik»fits calculate nativitijCi^ aoddire^it 
 pcoplcfwhen will be (he moll lucky days to enter upon 
 anyailiiirof mom«;it,> oC.lobefpnajouriKiyi and they 
 find thofe who r.rc weak enough to be in>poicd upon, 
 though they itay have been many titnos dtfappointed. 
 Their year itidiviekd into 136$ days, and every day into 
 30 paysdrptttfli «nt) thei<>nj^t into as manyi ai\d 
 they have a little eoppcutrdifli, with a hole in the bo^pm 
 .ofiit, wbich being put into .a ttib of water^, is tilled 
 during one or their pays, when it links, and then it 
 
 M' t 
 
 
 •f 
 
 II 
 
^••^ 
 
 308 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLDComf.Lete. 
 
 i-3;f 
 
 m 
 
 ii put into the water again to incafuic another pay ; 
 for they have neither Tun-dials nor clocks. 
 
 In Ceylon, the criminals are frequently impaled 
 alive ! others have ftakcs driven through their bodies; 
 fofne are hung upon trees; and many arc worried by ■ 
 dogs, who arc fo accuftontd to the horrid butchery, 
 that, on the days ap{x>inted for the death of criminals, 
 they, by certain tokens, run to the place of execution. ' 
 But the moft remarkable puniflimcnt is inflidk-d by the 
 king himfelf, who rides an elephant trained up on pur- 
 potc. The beaft tramples the unhappy wretch to 
 death, and tears him limb from limb. Some are pu- 
 nilhed by fines and imprifonmcnt, at the difcrction of 
 the judges. When the fine is decreed, the officers 
 fcire the culprit, wherever they meet him, llrip him 
 naked, his cloaths going as part of pyment^and oblige 
 him to carry a large ftone, the weight being increalcd 
 daily, by the addition of others that arc fmaller, till the 
 remaimkr of the multft is cither paid or remitted. Any 
 of the male cingloflcs may indirferently cfiarge another 
 within hearing (as wc do the conftables) to aid and 
 aflift them in the execution of their duty, or upon any 
 emergency ; but the women are not permitted to men- 
 tion the king's name, upon the fevcre penalty of having 
 their tongues cut out for the offence. A creditor 
 fometimes w ill go to the houlc of the debtor, and very 
 gravely affirm, that if he docs not difcharge the debt 
 he owes him immediately, he will dcftroy himfelf: this 
 fo terrifies the other, that he inftantly colleds all the 
 money he can, even felling his wife and children rather 
 than be deficient in his payment of the fum demanded. 
 This IS owing to a law, which fpecifics, that, if any 
 man deftroys himfelf on account of a debt not being 
 difcharged, the debtor Ihall immetliately pay the money 
 to the lurviving relations, and forfeit his own life, un- 
 lefs he is able to redeem it by a large fine to the king. 
 They have two modes of decidinc controverfies ; the 
 one is by imprecating curfes to fall upon them if they 
 do not (peak the tnitn ; and by the other, both perfons 
 are obliged to put their fingers into boiling oil, when 
 the perlon who can bear the pain the longefl, and with 
 the leaft appearance of bcii^ affetfted, is deemed in- 
 nocent. 1 ney have, however, methods of evading 
 boththefe laws; the firft, by ufing ambiguous expret 
 fions; andthe latter, by certain preparations, which 
 
 Ercvent the oil from doing them any injur)-. It is not 
 iw ful to beat a woman without permitrion from the 
 king ; fo that the females may thank his majefty for all 
 the blows they get. But they may be made to carry 
 heavy baflccts of fand upon their heads as long ai the 
 man pleaics, which is much more dreadful to theni 
 than a hearty drubbing. The circumftances bf the 
 children depend upon thofe of the mother ; for if the 
 mother is a free woman, they are free, but if fhe isa flave, 
 they are always vafTals. 
 
 They have neither phyficians nor fumcons among 
 them ; yet, as to phyfic, every one almoft underftands 
 the common remedies, applying herbs or roots, ac- 
 cording to the nature of the complaint; and they have 
 an herb which cures the bite of a fnakc. As they 
 abound in poifonous herbs and plants, fo they have others 
 that arc antidotes againft them. Their difeafes arc 
 chiefly fevers, Huxcs, and the fmall-pox. They arc 
 ncvtfr'let bloodj except by the leaches, already mention- 
 ed, from which they acknowledge they have fometimes 
 received great benefit. 
 
 With regard to the religion of thefe people, they 
 worfttip God, but make ne image of him ; however, 
 they have idols, the reprefi^ntatives of fome great men, 
 who formerly lived upon the earth, and arc now, they 
 imM[ine, mediators for them to the fupreme God of 
 heaven. The chief of thofe demi-g^ is Baddow, 
 who accordiftg to their tradition originalljr came from 
 • heaven to procure the happinefs of men, and afcended 
 thither again from Adam'a Mountain, leaving the im- 
 preflion of his fi»t upon tht rock. They are faid, 
 fifccwife, toworihip thedevili thtt heflwatd do them 
 no mifchief; an«J another of their objefb ofworftip is 
 the tooth of 4 monkey. They w«^ aWb the fun, 
 3 
 
 moon, and othi 1 planets. Every town has its tutelar 
 daemon, and ivery famify their penates, or houfhold 
 gods, to whom they build chapels m their courts, pay. 
 ing their devotions, and facrificing to them every morn- 
 ing ; but to the fupreme deity they eredt ho temples or 
 altars. Tliere arc three dalles of idbls, and as many 
 orders of priefts, who have their, fcveral temples, to 
 which eftates in land ati- appropriated. Buddow is 
 thechief of thefe fubordinatc deities, and his priefts 
 in the greateft eftccm, being all of the higheft caft or 
 tribe in the nation. They wear a yellow vert and 
 mantle, have their heads (haved, and their beards grow 
 to a great length. Their difciples fail down on thWr 
 faces before them ; and they have a ftool to fit on 
 wherever they vifit, which is an honour only (liewn to 
 their princes and great men. Thtfc priells have no 
 commerce with women, drink no ftiong liquor, and 
 eat only one meal a day ; but they are not debarred 
 fmm flelh, except beef. They are (tiled fons of the god 
 Biiddow, and cannot be called to account by the civil 
 power, whatever crimes they commit. There is a 
 fccond order of prielh, that officiate in the temples of 
 other idols; thefe are allo\ved to follow any fccular em- 
 ployment, and are not diftinguilhed from the laity by 
 their habits, but have, however, a certain revenue. 
 Every morning and evening they attend the fervice of 
 their temples ; and when the people faciitice rice and 
 fruits, the pricft prefents them before the idol, and 
 then delivers them to the finging men and women, and 
 other fcrvants that belong to the temple, and to the 
 poor devotees, who eat the provifions: no flelh is 
 ever facrificed to the idols of this clafs. The third 
 order of priefts have no revenues, but build temples 
 for themlelves, without any eledtion or confccrat^oii, 
 and beg money to maintain themfelvcs. 'Ihefc men- 
 dicants are mountebanks in their "vay, ITiewing a variety 
 of whimfical tricks for their bread. They are prohi- 
 bited by law, from touching the waters in wells or 
 fprings, nor muft they ufc any but what is procured 
 from rivers and ditches. They are confidered in Co 
 defpicablc a light, that it is held difgraceful to have any 
 connections with the.n. Wetlncfdays and S- urdays are 
 the days they refort to their temples; and at the new 
 and full moon rhey offer facrifices to the god Bud- 
 dow { and on new year's-ddy, in the month of March, 
 they offer a folemn facrifice to him, on a high moun- 
 tain, or under a fpreadiRg tree that is deemed facred. 
 The principal feftival of the Chingulays is obferved Tn 
 the month of July, in honour of the moon, when a 
 prieft goes in folemn proceflion with a garland of 
 Ho«cr9, to which the people prefent their offerings. 
 The ridiculous pageantry attending riils feftival, was 
 attempted to be abolifhed in 1664; but the attemjrt oc- 
 cafioned an infurredion, fo that the kings of Ceylon arc 
 obliged to let them continue tiie pompous mummer)'. 
 They have alfo idols of nnonftrous (hapes and forms, 
 made of filvef, braft, and other metals, and fometimes 
 of clay i but thofe in Buddow's temples are the figures 
 of men fitting crois-le^ed, in yellow habits, like his 
 priefts, reprclenring fome holy men, who, they fay, 
 wert teachers of virtue, and benefadors to man- 
 kind. 
 
 The ifland of Ceylon was fonnerly divided into nine 
 monarchies, bur, at prefent it is under the dominion of 
 one king, whole court is kept in the center of the ifland, 
 at a place called Digiigy-Neur: the palace is but newly 
 built, the gates large, ftatcly, and finely carved : the 
 window-frames are made of ebony, and inlaid with 
 (ilver : the kings elephants, troops, and concubines,, are 
 numerous. The guards arc commanded by Dutch and 
 Portuguefe rcnegado officers. This monarch affumes 
 great dignity, and demands much rcfpcdl, which his 
 lubjeifb readily pay him, as they imagine, that all their 
 kings immediately on their demife, are turned into 
 
 foSs. He expcdti that Chriftians (hoiild falute him 
 n<j:ling, and uncovered, but requires nothing more of 
 them. Hit title is. Emperor of Ceylon, king of Candy, 
 prinrcofOnva,andthe tour Corlci. great duke of the 
 feven Corles, nuux^uis of Duranura, lord of the fca-ports, 
 
 and 
 
Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — lor making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 309 
 
 and filhcrics of pearls, and precious Itoncs, lord of the 
 golden fun, &c. His revenue conlifts in the gifts and 
 offerings of his fubiccSs ; his palaces are built upon al. 
 njoft inacccflible places, for the greater fecunty : no 
 bridges are permitted to be creClcd over rivers or 
 dreams, nor any good roads fo be made, to render the 
 country as impaflable as poflible. None arc furtcrcd to 
 approach his palace without a pafsport ftampcd in 
 clay. The troops arc hereditary, and their weapons arc 
 fwords, guns, pikes, bows and arrows. They are 
 fubtle, but not courageous, and will not engage an 
 enemy but by furprife, or when there is fomc mani- 
 feft advantage in tneir favour. It is fo diflicult to pe- 
 netrate into the inland parts, and all the paflcs are fo 
 well guarded, that even the Dutch themfelvcs are un- 
 acquainted iHith the greatcft part of the idand. In the 
 year i joj the Portuguefe landed in Ceylon, and about 
 twelve years after they eftablilhed fadorics there, the 
 reigning king permitting them to build forts-, and, 
 upon his dcmife, he declared the king of Portugal his 
 heir ; but in procefs of time the Portuguefe behaving 
 with great infolence and cruelty, the young king of 
 Candy invited in the Dutch, in 1639, who after a te- 
 dious war, at length, in the year 1655, fubdued the 
 portuguefe, and b«:.ame matters of the trade ami coaft : 
 upon which they drove the king, their ally, into the 
 mountains, and, with their wonted gratitude, made 
 him their tributary. The Dutch have in fubfcquent 
 years committed many cruelties, and the natives fre- 
 quently retaliate by making cxcurlions among them, 
 or murdering all they meet with at a diftance from the 
 forts, and in the intcriorjpart of the ifland. 
 
 (4.) The N^aldives. The Maldivia iflands, fo called 
 from Male, the chief of them, which is the refidence 
 of their king, lie about four hundred miles fouth weft 
 of Ceylon and Cape Comorin. They extend from 
 4 dcg. S. to 8 deg. N. latitude 1 and are about 600 
 miles in length, and upwards of 100 in the broadeft 
 part. They are faid to be 1000 in number, but many 
 of them are only lai^ hillocks of fand, and from the 
 barrennefs of the foil, are uninhabited. The whole 
 country is divided into 13 provinces, called Attolons, 
 each of which contains many fmall iflands, and is of 
 a circular form, about 100 miles in circumference. 
 Theffe provinces alL lie in a line, and are feparated 
 from each other by channels, four of which are navi- 
 gable for large (hips ; but are very dangerous, on ac- 
 count of the amazing rocks that break the force of the 
 fea, and raife prodigious furies. At the bottom of 
 thcfe channels is found a fubltance like white coral, 
 which, when boiled in cocoa-water, greatly refembles 
 fugar. The currents generally run eaft and weft al- 
 ternately fix months, but the time of the change is un- 
 certain; and fometimes they change from N. to S. 
 The climate is exceeding fultry, this country lying near 
 the cquinoxial line bn both (ides : the nights, however, 
 are tolerably cool, and produce heavy dews that are re- 
 frefhing to the trees and vi^ctables. Their winter 
 commences in April, and continues tilfOdobcr, during 
 which they have perpetual rains, with ftrong caftcrly 
 winds, but never any froft. The fummer begins in 
 October, and (ontinucs fix months, during which time 
 the winds are eafterly, and the heat is lo cxceflive as 
 fcarce to be borne, there not being any rain through- 
 out that fcafon. 
 
 In general thefe iflands arc very fertile, and produce 
 great quantities of millet, and another grain much like 
 It, of both which they have two harvefts every year. 
 Mere are alfo fuveral kind of roots that ferve to - food, 
 particularly a fort of bread-fruit, called nell-pou, vhich 
 grows wild and in great plenty. The woodi produce 
 cxcdlent fruits, as cocoas, citrons, pomegranates, and 
 India figs. Their only animals for ufe arc (heep and 
 buffaloes, except a few cows and bulls that belong to 
 the king, and are imported from the continent; but 
 thefe are only ufed at particular feftivals. The tiativs 
 have nat much poultr\', but they are fupplied wi.h 
 prodigious ({uaiuitics of wild fowl that arc caught in 
 the woods, and (bid at a very low price. They have 
 Na 37. 
 
 alio plenty of wild pigeons, ducks, rails, and bink re-r 
 fcmbling fparrow-hawks. The fea produces mod kind* 
 of filh, great quantities of which are exported from 
 hence to Sumatra. Among the fifh is one called a 
 cowrie, the (hells of which (called in Englaiv* black, 
 moor's teeth) are ufed in moft part of the Indies in- 
 ftcad of coin. 
 
 The only poifhnous animals here are fnakcs ; a dan- 
 gerous fort of them infcll the borders of the fea. The 
 inliabitants alfo arc much troubled with rats, dormice, 
 pifmires, and other fpecies of vermin, which are very 
 dcttrudlive to their provifions, fruit, and other perifli- 
 able commodities ; for which rcafon they build their 
 granaries on piles in the fea, at fonie diflance from the 
 fnorei and in this manner moft of the king's granaries 
 are built> , 
 
 In thefe iflands the natives are very robufl, of an 
 olive complexion, and well featured. They are natu- 
 rally ingenious, and apply themfclves with great in- 
 duftry to various manufaClurcii, particularly the mail- 
 ing of (ilk and cotton. They are cautious, and (haip 
 in trading, courageous, and well (killed in arms. The 
 common people go almoft naked, having only a piece 
 of cotton faftened round the waift, except on fellival 
 days, when they wear cotton or lilk jerkins, m ith waifl- 
 coats, the fleeves of which reach only to their elbows. 
 The wealthier fort tie a piece of cloth between their 
 legs, and round the Wailt, next to which they have a 
 piece of blue, or red cotton, that reaches to the knees, 
 and to that is joined a large jiiece of cotton and filk, 
 reaching to their ancles, and girded with a fquare 
 handkerchief embroidered with gold or filver ; and the 
 whole is fecured by a large filk girdle fringed, the ends 
 of which hang down before ; and within this girdle, on 
 the left fide, they keep their money and betel, and on 
 the right fide a knife. They fet great value on this in- 
 ftrument, from its being their only weapon ; for none 
 but the king's. ofKcers and fbldicrs are permitted to 
 wear any or er. The rich have filk turbans on their 
 heads, richly adorned, but thofe of the poor are made 
 of cotton, and only ornamented with ribbons of va^' 
 rious colours. The wornen are fairer than the men, 
 and, in general, of a ver) agreeable difpofition. They 
 wear a coat of cotton, or filk, that reaches down to 
 the ancles, over which they have a long robe of taffety, 
 or fine cotton, that extends from the flioulders to the 
 feet, and is faftened round the neck by two gilt but- 
 tons. Their hair, which is cfteemed a great ornament, 
 is black ; and to obtain this, thoy keep their daughters 
 heads fhaved till they are eight or ten years of age, leav- 
 ing only a little hair on their foreheads to diftinguifh 
 them from the boys. They wafti their heads and hair 
 in water, to make the latter thick and long, and let it 
 hang loofe that the air may dry it ; after which they 
 perfume it with an odoriferous oil. When this is done, 
 they ftroke all the hair backwards from the forehead, 
 and tie it behind in a knot, to which they add a large 
 lock of a man's hair ; and the whole is curioufly ortia' 
 mcnted with flowers of various forts. The common 
 people have houfes built of cocoa-wood, and covered 
 with leaves fewed one within another ; but the fUperior 
 fort build their houfes of ftone, which is taken from 
 under the flats and rocks in the following manner : a- 
 mong other trees in this ifland, is one called Candou, 
 exceedir^ly foft, and, when drv, and fawed into planks, 
 is much lighter than cc>rk : the natives, who are ex- 
 cellent fwimmers, dive under water, and, having fixed 
 upon a ftone for th.it purpofe, they faften a ftrong rope 
 to it : after this, they take a plank of the Candou- 
 wood, which, having a hole Ixired in it, is put on the 
 rope, and forced down quite to the ftone : they then 
 run on a number of other boards, till the light wood 
 rifes up to the top, dragging the ftone along with it. 
 By this contrivance the natives weighed up the cannon 
 and anchors of a French (hip that was call away near 
 their coaft about a century ago. 
 
 The Maldivians, in general, are very polite, particu< 
 
 larly thofe on the ifland of Male j but they are very 
 
 libidinous, and fornication is not confidered as any 
 
 4 I crime: 
 
 m 
 
 .1 
 
 51 "} ■! 
 
 •^11 ; 
 
 ■I' 
 
 1 
 
 
3>o 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. 
 
 If 
 
 neither muft any pcrfon offer inrult to a woman I 
 <hat has been guilty of inifcondudt previous to mar- I 
 
 cnnet 
 
 fiage. Every man is allowed to have three wives 
 can maintain them, but not more. The girls are mar- 
 riaseable at eight years of age, when they wear an ad- 
 ditional covering on their necks : the boys go naked 
 rill fevcn, when they are circumtifcd, and wear the 
 tifual drefs of ihcir country afterwards. Thefc people 
 are very abftemious in their diet, their principal food 
 confifting of roots made into meal, and baked ; par- 
 ticularly thofc called neli-pou, and elas, the latter ot 
 which they drefs fevcral ways : they alfo make a pot- 
 taec of milk, cocoa, honey, and bread, which they 
 efeem an excellent difli ; and their common drmk is 
 water. They lit crofs legged at their meals, in the 
 fame manner as in other eaftcrn countries. The floor 
 on which they fit is covered with a fine mat, and they 
 ufc banana leaves inftcad of table cloths. Their dllhes 
 arc chiefly of china, all veflclsofgold, orfilver, being 
 prohibited by law : they are made round with a cover, 
 over which is a piece of filk to keep out the ants. 
 They take up their viduals between their fingers, and 
 in fo careful a manner as not to let any fall ; and if the)' 
 have occafion to fpit, they rife from the table and 
 walk out. They do not drink till they have finilhed 
 their meal, for they conrtder that as a mark of rudc- 
 nefs ; and they are very cautious of eating in the pre- 
 fence of ftrangcrs. They have no fet meals, attending 
 only to the call of nature, and all their provifions are 
 dreffcd by the women, for to cook is accounted dif- 
 craceful to a man. Being naturally very cleanly, as foon 
 u they rife in the morning they wafh thcinfclvcs, rub 
 their eys with oil, and black their eye-brows. They arc 
 alfo very careful in wafliing and cleanfing their teeth, 
 that they may the better receive the flain of the betel 
 and areca, which is red, a colour they are particularly 
 fond of. They prcfcnt betel, which they keep always 
 about them, upon occalional falutaiions, as we do 
 
 They have many pagan cufioms, though they pro- 
 fefs the religion of the Mahometans. When they meet 
 with any difaller at fea, they pray to the king of the 
 winds ; and there is in every illand a plate, where 
 thofe who have efcapctl danger make offerings to him 
 of little veflcls made for the purpofe, in which they 
 put fragrant woods, flowers, and other perfumes, and 
 then turn the veffel adrift to the mercy of the waves. 
 They dare not fpit to the windward, for fear of offend- 
 ing this aerial deity •, and all the vcffels that are devoted 
 to him, are kept as clean as their mofques. They impute 
 croffes, ficknefs, and death to the devil j and in order 
 to pacify him, in a certain place, make him banquets 
 and oflTerings of flowers. Each of their mofques is 
 fituatcd in the center of a fquare, and round it they 
 bury their dead : they are very neat buildings, have 
 three doors, each afcended by a flight of fteps : the 
 walls within arc wainfcoted. and the ceiling is of wood 
 beautifully variegated. The floor is of poTiflied ftone, 
 covered w ith mats and tapeftry ; and the ceiling and 
 wainfcoting arc firmly joined, without either nails or 
 pegs Each mofque has its pried, who, bcfides the 
 duties of his office, teaches the children to read and 
 write the Maldavian language, which is a radical tongue : 
 he alfo inftruifts them in the Arabic tongue, and is re- 
 warded for thefe ferviccs by the parents. Thofc of the 
 people, who are very religious, go to their mofques five 
 times a day ; and before they enter it, they walh their 
 feet hands, cars, eyes and mouth. They who do not 
 go to the mofque. may fay their prayers at home; but 
 if they arc known to omit doing one or the other, they 
 are treated with the grcateft contempt, and every body 
 avoids their company. They keep their Sabbath on 
 Friday which is celebrated with great feaivity j and 
 the fame is obferved on the; day of every new moon. 
 They have fcveral other feftivals in the courfc of the 
 vear • the moft diftinguiflicd of which is called raau- 
 iude," and is held in the month of Oaobcr, on the night 
 Of which Mahomet died. On this occalion a Uxf^ 
 wooden houfe, or hall, is ercttet} on a particular part 
 
 of the ifland, the infidc of which is lined with the rich- 
 eff tapcffry. In the middle of the hall is a tabic co^ 
 vercd with various forts of provifions, and round it are 
 hung a prodigious number of lamps, the fmdke of 
 which gives a mOft fragrant fcent. The people af- 
 femble about 8 o'clock in the evening, and arc placed 
 by proper ofticers appointed for that purpofe, ac- 
 cording to their refpedlive ffations. The prieffs, and 
 other ecclefiaftics fing till midnight, when the whole 
 alfembly fall proffrate on the ground, in which poffure 
 they continue till the chief pried rifes, when the reft 
 follow his example. The people are then fcrved with 
 betel and drink j and when the fervice is entirely over, 
 each takes a part of the provifions on the table, and 
 prcfervc the fame, as a facred relic, with the utmoft 
 When two perfons enter into the ftatc of mar- 
 
 care. 
 
 riage, the man gives notice of his defign to the pandiare, 
 or naybe, who demands of him, if he is willing to 
 have the woman propofed for his wife: on his anfwer- 
 ing in the afiirmativc, the pandiare queftions the pa- 
 rents as to their confcnt ; if they approve of it, the wo- 
 man is brought, and the parties are married in the 
 prefence of their relations and friends. After the cere- 
 mony is over, the woman is consiudled to her hulband's 
 houfe. where ftie is vifitcd by her friends, and a grand 
 entertainment is provided on the occafion. The bride- 
 giooin makes prefents to the king, and the bride like- 
 wife pays the fame kind of compliment to the queen. 
 The man docs not receive any clowry with his bride, 
 and he is not only obliged to pay the expence of the 
 nuptial ceremony, and to maintain her, bur he muft 
 alfo fettle a jointure upon her, though, if Hie thinks 
 proper, Ihe may relinquifh it after marriage. A wo- 
 man cannot part from her hulband without his confcntt 
 but a man may at any time divorce his wife ; however, 
 if her affcnt to the feparation is not obtained, (he may 
 demand her jointure; yet as this is confidered as a 
 mean ad, it is feldom pradticed. 
 
 When any one dies, the corpfe is waftied by one of 
 the fame fex, of which there arc feveral in each ifland 
 appointed for that purpofe. After this it is wrapped 
 up in cotton, with the right handplaced on the right 
 ear, and the left on the thigh. Then it is laid on the 
 right fide in a cofHn of caiidou wood, and carried to 
 the place of interment by fix relations or friends, and 
 folloHcd by the neighbours, who attend without being 
 invited. The grave is covered with a large piece of 
 filk. or cotton, which, after the interment, bccoriea 
 the property of the prieft. The corpfe is laid in the 
 grave with the face towards Mahomet's tomb; and 
 when depofitcd, the grave is filled up with white fand, 
 {prinkled with water. In the procedlon both to and 
 from the grave, the relations fcatter cowries, for the 
 benefit of the poor, and gives pieces of gold and filver 
 to the prieft, according to the circumftances of the dc- 
 ceafed. The prieft fings continually during the cere- 
 mony : and when the whole is over, the relations in- 
 vite the company to a feaft. They inclofc their grave* 
 with wooden rails, for they confider it as a fin for any 
 perfon to walk over them ; and they pay fuch refpedt 
 to the bones of the dead, that no perfons, not even the 
 priefts. dare to touch them. On this occafion they 
 make little difference in their habits : the mourners 
 only go bare-headed to the grave, and continue Co for 
 a few days after the ceremony of the funeral. If a per- 
 fon dies at fea, the body, after being wafhcd, is put 
 into a coffin, with a written paper, mentioning hii 
 religion, and requcfting thofe wh6 may meet with the 
 corpfe to give it a decent interment. They then fing 
 over it. and after having completed their ceremonies, 
 commit it to the waves on a plank of candou wood. 
 
 Male, the ifland where the king rdides, is fituated in 
 the center of the reft, and is about five miles in cifcum- 
 fcKncc. The palace is built of ftone, and divided into 
 fcveral courts and apartments i but it is only one ftory 
 high, and the architedlure very infignificant : however, 
 it IS elegantly finiflied within, and (urrounded with gar- 
 dens, in which arc fountains and cifterns f>f water. 
 The portal is Wil% like a fquare tower ; and on feftival 
 
 days 
 
Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for makinjjUifcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 311 
 
 tbc rich- 
 table ay- 
 lund it are 
 Cmdke of 
 Ipcople af- 
 |are 'placed 
 »lc, ac- 
 |ricfts, and 
 the whole 
 Ich pofture 
 [en the reft 
 lerved with 
 :ircly over, 
 tabic, and 
 |the utmoft 
 itc of mar- 
 ie pandiare, 
 willine to 
 is anmcr- 
 [ns the pa> 
 it, thewo- 
 ■icd in the 
 :r the ccrc- 
 Irhufband's 
 nd a grand 
 The bride- 
 bride like- 
 the queen. 
 his bride, 
 nee of the 
 ur he muft 
 Hie think* 
 le. A wo- 
 his confcntt 
 however, 
 d, fhc may 
 idercd as a 
 
 d by one of 
 each ifland 
 is wrapped 
 )n the right 
 1 laid on the 
 d carried to 
 [riends, and 
 ithout being 
 rge piece of 
 It, bccomca 
 laid in the 
 tomb { and 
 white fand, 
 loth to and 
 rics, for thff 
 d and iilver 
 :s of the dc- 
 ig the ccrc- 
 rdations in- 
 theirgrave» 
 . fm for any 
 fuch refpedt 
 »ot even the 
 cafion they 
 e mourners 
 tinuc fo for 
 Ifapcr- 
 hcd, it put 
 tioning hii 
 et with the 
 y then fing 
 ceremonies, 
 u wood. 
 > fituated in 
 in circum- 
 livided into 
 ly one (lory 
 :: however, 
 !d with gar- 
 • pf water. 
 I oa fcftival 
 days 
 
 days the muficians fing and play upon the top of it. 
 The ground floors of the rcfpciflivc apartments -are 
 nifed three feet, to avoid the ants, and are covered 
 with filk-tapcftry, fringed, and flowered with gold. 
 The king's beds are hung, like hammocks, between 
 two pillars ornamented with gold, and when he lies 
 down his attendants rock him to (Icep. His drefs is 
 ufually a coat made of fine white clotii or cotton, with 
 white aiid blue edgings, faftened with buttons of folid 
 gold : under this is a piece of red embroidered tapeftery 
 that reaches down to his heels, and is faftened with a 
 large filk girdle fringed, with a great gold chain before, 
 and a locket formed of the moft precious Hones. On 
 his head he wears a fcarlet cap, which is a colour fo 
 cftcemed, that no other pcrfon may prefuinc to wear it. 
 This cap is laced with gold, and on the top of i: is a 
 large gold button with a precious ftonc. The grandei.'s 
 «na foldicrs wear long hair, tit the king's head is 
 Ihavcd once a week j he goes bare legged, but wears 
 fandalsof gilt copper, which arc worn only by the royal 
 family. When he goes abroad, his dignity is diftin- 
 gaifhed particularly by a white umbrella, which no 
 other pcrfons, except ftrangers, are pcnnitted to ufe. 
 He has three paces near his perfon, one of whom car- 
 ries his fur, another his fword and buckler, and a third 
 his box of betel and arcca, which he alnioft conftantly 
 chews. He goes to the mofque on Fridays in great 
 pomp, his guards dancing, and IVriking their fwords 
 on each others urgets to the found of niulic ; and is 
 attended on his return, by the principal people of the 
 ifland. He either walks, or is carried in a chair by 
 flaves, there being no beafts of burden. When the 
 queen appears in public, flie is attended by a great 
 number of female flavcs, fome of whom go Ixrfore, to 
 give notice to the men to keep out of the way ; and 
 lour ladies carry a veil of white filk over her head, that 
 reaches to the ground; on this.occafion, all the women 
 Irom the fcvcral diftricls meet her with flowers, fruits, 
 6ic. She and her ladies frequently bathe in the fea for 
 th>::r altn, for the convenience of which they have a 
 pur- tl; fliore clofe to the water, which is indbfed, 
 ar.,; of it covered with white cotton. The only 
 
 ligl 1^ ' '. chambers of the queen, or ihofe of the 
 iadics of quality, is what lamps afl^prd, which are kept 
 continually burning, it being the cuflom of the country 
 never to admit day-light. The drawing room, or that 
 part where they ufually refide, is blocked up with four 
 or five rows of tapeftry, the innermoft of which none 
 muft lift up till they have coughed, and told their 
 names. The guards appointed to attend on the king's 
 
 Kcrfon confift of fix hundred, who are commanded by 
 is grandees; arul he has confiderable magazines of 
 >arms, cannon, and (evcial forts of ammunition. His 
 revenues confift chiefly of a number of iflands, appro- 
 priated to the crown, with certain taxes on the various 
 produdlions of others ; in the money paid to purchafe 
 titles and ofiiccs, and for licences to wear fine cloaths. 
 -Bcfldes thefe, he has a claim to all goods imported by 
 fliipping: for when a veflcl arrives, the king is ac- 
 quainted with its contents, out of which he takes what 
 he thinks proper, at a low price, and obliges his fub- 
 jcdls to purchafe them of him again, at what fum he 
 pleads to fix, by way of exchange, for fuch com- 
 modities as beft (uit him. All the ambergris found in 
 this country f which produces more than any other part 
 of the Indies) is alfo the property of the king; and fo 
 narrowly is it watched, that a pcrfon would be puniflied 
 with the iofs of his right hand, if deteded in convert- 
 ing it to his own ufe. Moft of the nobility and gentry 
 live in the north part of this ifland, for the convenience 
 pf iKing near tlie court; and fomuch is this quarter . 
 eftcemed, that when the king banifties a criminal, the 
 JTcmJing him to the foufh is thought to be a fufiicient 
 punifhment. 
 
 The government here is abfolute monarchy, every 
 thing depending on the king's plcafure. Each attoloi\, or 
 province, has a naybe, or governor, who is both a prieft 
 and dodor of the law. He not onlv prefides over 
 the inferior priefts, and is vefte4 with the management 
 3 
 
 of all religious affairs, but he is likewifc intruftcd with 
 the adminiftrurion of jufticc, both in civil and criminal 
 cafes. They are in fiiil fo many judges, and make four 
 circuits every year throughout their jurifdidlion; but 
 they have a fupcrior, called the pandiare, who refidei 
 in the ifle of Male, and who is not only the fupreme 
 judge of all caufcs, but alfo the head of the church : he 
 receives appeals from the governor of each province, 
 but does not pafs fentcnce without confiilting feveral 
 learned doctors ; and from him appeals arc carried to 
 the kiiig, who refers the matter to nx of his privy coun- 
 cil. 'Itic pandiare makes a circuit once a year through 
 the ifland of Male (as does every governor in his re- 
 fpcdiveprovince) and condemns all to be fcourged who 
 connot fay their creed and prayers in the Arabic tongue, 
 and conftrue them in that of the Maldivian. At this 
 timcthe women muft not appear in the ftreet unveiled, on 
 pain of having their hair cut ofl; and their heads fliaved, 
 which is very difgraceful. They have various modes 
 of punilhmcnt for crimes. If a man is murdered, the 
 wife cannot profccute the criminal ; but if the deccafe^ 
 has left any children, the judge obliges him to main- 
 tain them till they are of age, when they may either 
 profccute or pardon the murderer. Stealing any thing 
 valuable is puniflied wiih the amputation of a hand, 
 and, for triflin;; matters, ^hey are baniflied to the 
 fouthcrn ifl.inils. An adultrefs is puniflied by having her 
 hair cut oil', and ihofc guilty of perjury pay a pecuniary 
 inulcl. Notwithflanding the law makes homicide 
 death, yet a crimin.il is never condemned to die, unlefs 
 it is cxprelsly ordered by the king ; in which cafe he 
 orders his own foldicrs to execute ihc fentcnce. 
 
 The chief articles exported from thefe iflands arc 
 cocoa-nuts, cowries, and tortoife-fliells, the latter of 
 which is exceeding beautiful, and not to be met with 
 in any other place, except the Pliilippine Iflands. The 
 imptirted articles are, iron, fteel, Ipiccs, china, rice, &c. 
 all which, as has been obferved, are ingrofled by the 
 king, who fells them to his fubjeds at his own price. 
 They have only one fort of money, w'nich is filver, called 
 lorrins, each of which is about the v-'.je of eight pence. 
 It is two inches long, and folded, the king's name being 
 fet upon the folds in Arabic charadlers. One thoufand 
 two hundred cow rics make one lorrin. In their own 
 market they frequently barter one thing for another. 
 Their gold and liUer is all imported from abroad, and 
 is current here as in all other parts of the Indies, by 
 weight. 
 
 The Maldives are happily placed, with refpe(ft to each 
 other, for producing mutual commerce, to the refpec- 
 tivc inhabitants; for though the 13 Attolons are in 
 the fame climate, and all or them very fertile, yet they 
 produce fuch diftl-icnt commodities, that the people 
 in one cannot live without what is found in another. 
 The inhabitants have likewifc fo divided thcmfelves, as 
 greatly to enhance this commercial advantage ; for all 
 the weavers live in one ifland, the goldfmiths in ano- 
 ther, and the like of the different manufadhires. In 
 order, Kowever, to render the communication eafy, 
 thefe artificers have fmall boats, built high on the fides, 
 in which they work, fleep, and eat, while failing from 
 one ifland to another to expofe their goods to falc, and 
 fometimes they arc out a confiderabfe time before they 
 return to their fixed habitations. 
 
 (c.) Bombay. This is feated on an ifland near the 
 weft coaft of India, in 19 deg. N. latitude, and in 72 
 deg. B. longitude. It is an excellent harbour, from 
 whence the Portuguefc, the firft pofleflbrs of the 
 Europeans, gave it the name of Boonbay, now cor- 
 ruptly called Bombay. Ihe ifland on which it ftands, 
 is about 20 miles in circumference: the chief town is a 
 mile in length, meanly buih : the fort ftands at a dif- 
 tancc from it. The ifland is inhabited by Englifh, 
 Portuguefc, rnd Moors: there are three or four moie 
 fmall towns on the ifland. The foil is barren, and the 
 water bad ; they preferve therefore the rain water in 
 ciflerns; and there is a well of pretty good frefli water 
 about a mile from the town. The king of Portugal 
 transferred this ifland to Charles II. king of England, 
 
 as 
 
 ■■^.'sl; 
 
 
 
3«« 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND ihe WORLD Complete. 
 
 1' 
 
 \ 
 
 t( 
 
 ^3 part of the portion ot the Intanta Kathcrinc, whom 
 he married in the year 1662, and the king afterwards 
 pave it to the Eaft India Company. The Joxx. has been 
 beficgcd both by the Mooul and the Dutch, but neither 
 of them were able to take it> Kotwithfhinding Bom- 
 bay lies within the tropics, yet the climate is not dif- 
 agrceable .j the conHitution of Europeans 1 there being 
 but few days in the courfc of the vcar, in which the 
 weather is in any extreme. The (hort hot fcafon precedes 
 the periodical return of the rains: the night dews, 
 however, are very dangerous, therefore great care ihould 
 be taken hot to be expofed to them. If people would 
 but live temperately in this place, they need not be 
 afraid of the climate, which is far healthier than in any 
 other of the Europeans fcttlements; and there are fome 
 good phyficians on the ifland. They have wet weather 
 at Bombay about four months in the year, whici) is 
 commonly introduced by a very violent thunder dorm : 
 during this fcafon all trading vclTcIs are laid up. The 
 rains beg'n about the latter end of May, and continue 
 tillScptr mber, when the black merchants keepa fedival, 
 gilding a cocoa>nut. which they confecrate and commit 
 to the waves. What they abound in mod is their 
 groves of cocoa-nut trees, their rice fields, and onion 
 grounds. Their gardens alfo produce mangoes, jacks, 
 and other Indian truits; and they alfo make Targe quan- 
 tities of fait, with very little trouble, from the fea- 
 water. 
 
 The town or city of Bombay is a mile long, and fur- 
 rounded by a wall or ditch ; it has alfo a pretty good 
 caftle; fo that it is well fecured, and efteemed one of 
 the (IrongcH places belonging te our Ealt India Com- 
 pany. The houfes of the Englifti confid, in general, of 
 a ground floor, with a court both before and oehind, in 
 which are out-houfes and offices. Mod of the windows 
 are of tranfparcnt oyder-lhe!!], which admit a tolerable 
 good light. The flooring of their habitations is a fort 
 of (lucco, compofcd of (hells that have been burnt ; this 
 they call chunam, w hich being well tempered, and be- 
 coming hard, receives an excellent polifli. The Englifh 
 church is a very neat building, fituate on a pleafiuit 
 green, round which are the houfes of the Englim : as to 
 thofe in which the black merchants rcfide, they are, in 
 general, ill contrived flruftures ; and the pagodas of the 
 gentoos, are mod wretched edifices. 
 
 The government is entirely Englidi, fubordinatc to 
 the India Company, who appoint by commiflion a pre- 
 lidcnt and council ; and the maritime and military force 
 isunder the immediate direction of the prelident, who 
 \fi diled commander in chief, llie common foldicrs 
 are of many nations ; but w hat are called topaflfcs, arc 
 for the moH part black, or of a mixed breed from the 
 Portugiiefe. There are alfo regular companies of the 
 natives, who arc called feapoys. Any popifh pried, 
 except a Portugucfc, may odiciate in the churches of the 
 three Romaa catholic priflies, into which Bombay is 
 divided ; but the Englifli formed an obje<Sion agamd 
 the Portuguefe, from an ajiprchenfion that thofe fathers 
 Blight have radier too dole a connection with others of 
 their own country, in the adjacent fettlements bek>ng- 
 tngto their madcr: however, there are nodifputes m 
 this town about profciTions in religion, all alike being 
 tukrated. Liberty of confciencc, freedom of fpeech, 
 riches, and honour^ didinguiih the people and clmie. 
 
 Bombay is inhabited by a mixture of all nations ; 
 Englifli, Portuguefe, and Indians, amounting, as it is 
 laid, to 50 or 60,000. The prefident of Surat is ufually 
 governor of the place, who has a deputy here, and courts 
 of jullice, regulated as in England. The governor, 
 when he -is upon the ifland, appears in greater date 
 than the governor of foit St. George, beiiw attended, 
 when he goes abroad, by two troops of Moors and 
 Bandarins, with their dandards. The natives, and 
 thofe who are fcafoned to the country, enjoy a tolerable 
 good date uf health, and, if they ufe temperance, live to 
 ■ good old age. Near Bombay are feveral iflands, the 
 •<hief of which arc Butcher's Ifland, Elephatua, and 
 Salfette. The fird took its name from gnat numbers 
 pf cattle being kept in it for the ufc of Bombay ; and the 
 I 
 
 fecond from the enormous figure of an elephant cut in 
 done, and which, at a didance, has the appearance of 
 one alive, the done being cxadlly of the colour of that 
 quadruped. On this ifland, \^hich U nearly onc'cntirc 
 hill, and about three miles in circumference, there is a 
 temple hewn from the rock. This real curiofity is fup- 
 ported by two rows of pillars, and is 1 o feet high. It u 
 an oblong fquare, about 80 feet in length, and above 40 
 in breadth, and its roof is formed of the rock cut Hat. 
 At the farther end of this Angular drudure Hand the 
 flgurcs of two giants, the faces of which, however, have 
 been much mutilated. The Portuguefe, when they 
 became poflcflcd of this ifland, disfigured and injured 
 thefe pieces of antiquity as much as poITiblc. This 
 curious fabric has two doors, which front each other; 
 near one of them are feveral images, much disfigured, 
 and there is one image danding eredl, with a drawn 
 dagger in one hand, and a child in the other. The 
 other door, which opens on the left-hand, has an area 
 before it ; at the upper end of which is a range of 
 pillars, or colonade, adjoining *o an apartment orna- 
 mented with regular architc«!turr, round the cornices of 
 which are Tome paintings. The whole of this tem- 
 ple diflx:rs from all of the mod antique gentoo-build- 
 ii^s ; but with refpeft to the aera when genius and 
 labour produced it, no dilcoveries have yet been made. 
 
 Salfetttt lies northward of Bombay, being about 16 
 miles long, and 9 broad. Here is a ruinated place 
 called Canara, where are feveral caverns in rocka, 
 which confidcrably gratify the curiofity of fuch Euro- 
 peans who vifit them. The foil is eztremejy fertile, 
 and great plenty of game is fbund in this ifland, which, 
 it mud be acknowledged, is a mod agreeable lltua- 
 tion. It was originally comprehended under the re- 
 gality of Bombay, and of conlcquence became the pro- 
 perty of the Englifh crown when Bombay was given to 
 King Charles the fecond ; but the Ponuguefe defrauded 
 us of it; they, however, lod this ifland-by the invafion 
 of the Marattas. who inhabit the continent bordering 
 on Bombay: they are a very formidable tribe of gentoos, 
 who have extended their dominions by dint oT arms. 
 Their chief, or king, refides generally in 'the moun* 
 tains of Decan, at a fort calira Rarec ; reported to be 
 the flronged place in the univerfe : it is fo well and 
 powerful^ guarded by nature, that no enemy caA af^ 
 proach it, being furroundcd by deep, inacceffible rocks. 
 In this fort the kins, or mar-rajah, holds his court, and 
 lives in great fplen^r. He has long been the avowed 
 foe of the Moguls, Sub^hs, and Nalrabs; making war, 
 and concluding treaties, jud as he thought his intereft 
 might be bed promoted. The Marattas are all bred 
 to arms and agriculture : the ufe of the former they 
 leamt from the Europeans, though thev depend greatly 
 on their urgets, which will turn the bail of a pidbl, and 
 even a mufket from a didance. llieir fwords are ex- 
 cellent, with which they do great execution, but their 
 mufliea are very indifferent. Their horfes arc fmall, 
 adive, and will go through much fiitigue. Europcm 
 arts and manufadhires receive little encouragement 
 among thefe people, who piefer thofe of their own coun- 
 try to the mod curious ttiat can be (hewn them front 
 foreign parts. 
 
 (6.) In 1 5 dee. 20 min. N. latitude, and 74 deg. 20 
 min. E. longitude fixim London, on an ifland, about 20 
 miles in length, and fix in breadth, dands the large and 
 drong town of Goa, which is the principal place b - 
 longing to the Portuguefe in India : it was taken by 
 them A. D. i jo8, It has the convenience of a fine 
 faJt-water river, capable of receiving (hips of the greate{t 
 burden, where they lie within a mile of the town. The 
 banks «f the river arc beautified with a great number 
 ofhandfomedrudhires, fuch as cadlet, churches, and 
 geiylemen* houfes. The air without the town is veiy 
 unwholefome, for which reafoo it is not fo well in- 
 habited as formeriy. The viceroy's palace is ■« noUe 
 buildinff, and dands at a fmall didance from the city, 
 which leads to a fpacieui dreet, terminated by a beauti- 
 ful ^hurch. Goa coi>tains a sreat number of handfome 
 churches, convents, and doilcn, with a (bitely large 
 
 hofpiMl, 
 
Ca'ptA'in CARTERET'S voyage — for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 31 j 
 
 hant cut in 
 icarancc of 
 ur of that 
 one* entire 
 there is « 
 ifity is fup- 
 ligh. It i» 
 d above 40 
 k cut Hat. 
 Itand the 
 vcvf r, have 
 when they 
 ind injured 
 ibie. This 
 each other; 
 disfigured, 
 ith a drawn 
 ther. The 
 ias an area 
 range of 
 mcnt orna- 
 corniccs of 
 f this tem- 
 ntoo-build- 
 gehius and 
 xcn made. 
 ig about 76 
 nated place 
 s in rock», 
 fuch Euro- 
 me)y fertile, 
 land, which, 
 ceabic fitua- 
 ider the re- 
 me the pro- 
 was given to 
 :fe defrauded 
 the invafion 
 nt bordering 
 )eofgentoos, 
 int of arms. 
 I the mouiii> 
 ;ported to be 
 fo well and 
 lemy caA zp^ 
 eflible rocks. 
 lis court, and 
 n the avowed 
 making war. 
 It his intereft 
 arc all bred 
 former they 
 rpcnd greatly 
 a piftol, and 
 \mds are ex- 
 ion, but thcic 
 fcs are fmail, 
 European 
 icouragement 
 :irown coun- 
 n them front 
 
 id 74 deg. 30 
 ind, about 20 
 the large and 
 lal place h - 
 Has taken by 
 nee of a fine 
 }f the greateib 
 E town. The 
 rreat number 
 nurches, and 
 ; town is veiy 
 It fo well in- 
 :e is'H noUe 
 from the city, 
 1 by a beauti- 
 rof handfome 
 I (hteiy large 
 hMpttiil, 
 
 hofpital, all well endowed, and kept in good repair. 
 The mnrket-place takes up an acre of ground ; and in 
 the (hops about it may be had the produce of Europe, 
 Bengal, China, and other countries oi lefs note. Every 
 church has a fct of bells, fome of which are continu- 
 ally ringing. Their religion is Koman Catholic, and 
 they have a moft horridcruel inqiiifition. There are 
 a great number of Indian converts, who . generally 
 retain fomc of their old cuftoms, particularly, they 
 cannot be brought to cat beef. However, there are 
 many gentoos in the city, who are tolerated, bccaiife 
 they arc more indultrious than the Chriftians, and better 
 artilh. The clergy arc very numerous, and illiterate; 
 but the churches are finely embelliihed, and have 
 numbers of images. Their lioufcs, which are of ftone, 
 are fpacious and handfome, and make a fine fliew ; but 
 ihey are jX)orly linirticd within. The inhabitants arc 
 contented witn greens, roots, and fruit, which, with a 
 little bread, rice, and fill, is their only diet, though they 
 have hogs and fowls in plenty. They arc much ad- 
 didtdd to women, and are generally weak, lean, and 
 feeble. Captain Hamilton, w hen he was in this ifland, 
 flood on a hill near the city, and counted above 80 
 churches, convents, and monafteries, and he was told, 
 that there' w ere about -^0,000 priefts and monks. The 
 body of St. Francis Xavier is buried in St. Paul's 
 Church, and, as they pretend, performs a great many 
 miracles. None of the churches, except one, have 
 glafs windows, for they make ufeof oyfter-ftiells inftead 
 of glafs. The town itfelf has few manufadtures, or 
 produ<ftions, their bed trade being in arrack, which 
 they diftil from toddy, the fap of the cocoa-nut tree. 
 The river's mouth is defended by feveral forts and bat- 
 teries, well planted on both fides with large cannon j 
 and there are feveral other forts in different places. 
 This fettlement is 250 miles N. by W. of Cochin. 
 
 (7.) The idand of Diu or Dio. This is fituated in 
 at deg. 45 miit. N. latitude, and in 68 deg. 55 min. 
 E. longitude ; and is three miles long, and two broad. 
 The town, which bears the fame name, is pretty large, 
 and fortified by a high flone wall, with balHons at 
 convenient diflances, and well furnifhed with cannon. 
 The harbour is well fecurcd by tvto caftles, one of 
 Ahich is mac'c lifc ot for powder, and other warlike 
 fiorc!:. It was one of the bcfl places inthofe parts, the 
 ftrudtuies being built of free (lone and marble. It 
 contains five or fix fine churches well etnbellifhed 
 within, with images and painting, built by the Por- 
 •uguefe ; but it is much decayed of late years, not 
 one fourth part of it being inhabited. In 1670 it was 
 taken by the Arabs, who plundered all the churches, 
 and other places, of their riches, but were driven away 
 with the lofs of 1000 men. There are not now above 
 200 Portuguefc inhabitants, for the red are Banians, 
 who may amount to 40,cx}0. 
 
 (8.) The Johor Illands. Thefe lie to the N. E. of 
 Cape Romano, but produce nothing fit for the carrying 
 on of commerce. Kilo Aurc, one of them, is peopled 
 by Malays, who are faid to form a kind of repuolic, 
 headed by a chief In this ifland are feveral mountains, 
 on which are many plantations of cocoa-trees. Articles 
 of trade are purch;di.d here with iron, and the people have 
 the charadlerof being very honeft,friendly,and hofpitable. 
 ^9.) Sincapour,orSincapora, is an ifland ana town, 
 which lie at the fouthennofl point of the peninfula 
 of Malacca, and gave name to theS. E. part of Malacca 
 Straits. Here is a mountain which yields excellent 
 diamonds ; and fugar canes grow to a great fize. The 
 foil of Sincapour is fruitful, and the woods produce good 
 timber for ihip-building. 
 
 (10.) Pulo-Condore, the only one inhabited ef feveral 
 iflands in thcEail India fea, lying of}' the coaft of Cam- 
 bodia. It is fituated in 107 deg. 40 min. E. longitude, 
 and 8 deg. 36 min. N. latitude. It is about 13 miles 
 in length, and nine in breadth, but in fome places not 
 a^vc a mile over. The inhabitants of this ifland 
 are of aniiddle ftaturc, : nd well Ihapcd, but their com- 
 plexion is exceedingly f varthy. Their hair is flrait and 
 black, their eyes are rerr.arkably fmall, and their nofes 
 high : they have thin I'.ps, fmall mouths, white teeth. 
 No. 38. 
 
 and in their difpofitions arc very courteous. Thcy'go 
 almdfl naked, except on particular occalions, when 
 they arc drelfed in a long garment girded .ibout the 
 waift, and ornamented with various coloured rlbbandii. 
 Their hdufcs are built of bamboos, covered with long 
 grafs ; but they are very frtiall. They arc raifcd feveral 
 feet from the earth, on account of the dampnefs of thiJ 
 ground; and they have neither doors nor windows; fd 
 that one fide is left open as well for convdiience of light, 
 as for the entrance of the people. Thcy-arc very free 
 of their women, and will bring them on board the 
 fliips, where they are kept by the faitors while they ftay. 
 Thefe people are idolaters, but of what kind is not 
 known ; however, they have images of elephants ill 
 their templds which are mean cdi(i<:es built of wood: 
 on the fouth-fide of the ifland is one of this kind ■. 
 within it is the figure of an elephant, and without is 
 that of a horfc. The foil oftiiis ifland is a blackilli 
 mould, but the hilh are fomewhat flriny. The trcts 
 are not very thick, but large, tall, ami lit for ariy ulo. 
 The principal fruits are mangoes, a fort of grapes, and 
 baftard nutmegs. The animals are hogs, lizards, 
 and baftard nutmegs Tliere arc fowls of various kinds, 
 as turtle doves, pigeons, wild cocks and hens, parrots, 
 and parroqucts, and feveral forts rif birds, not knowo 
 in Europe. The fea produces great plenty of turtles, 
 limpets, and mufcles. The chief employment of the 
 inhabitants is to get tar out of the very large trees thit 
 grow here. In i702,th(i EnglifhfeAflcd in this ifland, 
 after the faifl^ory of Chufan, on the coaft of China, was 
 broke up. However, they continued here but a fliorc 
 time; for having made an agreement with foriie Ma- 
 cafllars, natives of the ifland of Celebes, to ferve for 
 foldiers, and alTift in buildinga fort, and not difcharging 
 them at the end of three years, (fbr which term they 
 were engaged) they rofe in the night, and murdered 
 every Englifliman they could find on the ifland^ The 
 Englifli had purchafed this ifland of the king of Cam- 
 bodia, to whom, after this event, it .igain reverted. FcW 
 remains of the fort are now ftanding, it having bcert for 
 the moft part demoliflied. There are feveral other 
 fmall iflands in thefe Teas, namely, 
 
 (i.) Pulo-Dinding, near the continent of Malacca, 
 which belongs to the Dutch where they have a fort. 
 
 (2.) Fulo-Timon, on the eaftern coaft of the penirt- 
 fula of Malacca, in 3 deg. 1 2 min. N. latitude, and 
 105 deg. 40 min. E. longitude. It is pretty large^ 
 covered with trees, and the valleys arc very plcafant. 
 It is often touched at for wood, water, and othef rc- 
 frefhments, and there is great plenty of green turtles. - 
 (3.) Polo- Way. near the ifland of Sumatra: it is 
 fituated in 5 deg. 40 min. N. lat. and in 2 1 deg. 47 min* 
 E. long. It is the largeft of all thofc iflands which fonri 
 the entrance of the channel of Achem, and is peopled 
 iff culprits who are baniftied from*thence. 
 
 (4.) Pjina. 1 20 miles north of Patay. It lies at the 
 entrance of the bay of Guiaquil, in 3 deg. i j min. S. 
 latitude, and 1 00 deg. 5 min. W. longitude. 
 
 Having given this copious, geographical, defcriptitrtf, 
 and hiftorical account of the moft remarkable iflands iit 
 the Indian fea, we fliall now return to the Swallow 
 SlooD, which wc left at !>'>chor off Prince's Ifland, in 
 the (trait of Sunday. 
 
 Friday the 25th of September, we weighed, arid god 
 under fail ; for wC could not get a fufficicnt quantity of 
 wood and water at Prince's Ifland, to complete our fiock< 
 the wet monfuon having butjuft fet in, and confe- 
 qucntly not rain enough had fell tofuppiy the fprings. 
 We would have departed from this part of the ifland 
 fooner, but wc had the wind frefti from the 3. E. which 
 made a lee fliorc j but it being this day in our favour, 
 and more moderate, we worked over to the Java fhore. 
 Wc anchored in the evening, iri a bay c.-llcd by fom« 
 New, and by others Canty Say, which is formed by an 
 ifland ^of the fame name. In fhefe parts New Bay is 
 the bc'ft place for woodirig and watering; the water 
 being fo clear and cxcejlent, that, in order to get a freflli 
 fuppTy, wc ftavcd all that had heeii take. \ on board at 
 Batavia and Prince's Ifland It is fo i,^ Sad from a 
 fine ftrong run on the Java fhore, whici; ; iown froiti 
 
 i 
 
 '■^M 
 
 .11 
 
 1 . 
 
 ■i 
 
 
 
3»4 
 
 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complex 8. 
 
 Ml . 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 the land into the fca, and by means of a hoafc it may 
 be laded into the boats, and the caflu filled without 
 putting them on Ihorc, which renders the work very 
 eafy and expeditious. There is a fmall reef of rocks 
 within which the boats go, not in the lead dangerous, 
 and the boats lie in as fmooth water, and as efTciflually 
 flieltered from any fw ell, as if they were in a mill-pond ; 
 and if a (hip, when lyine here, fliould be driven from 
 her anchors by a wind tliat blows upon the (hore, (he 
 may, with the grcatcd eafe, run up the palTage between 
 New Ifland and Java, where there is fulficient depth of 
 water for the langcfi velTcl, and a harbour, in which, 
 being land locked^ the will find perfedl fccurity. Wood 
 may be procured any where, either upon Java or New 
 Idand, neither of which at this part are inhabited. In 
 our prefent ftation, we had 14 fathoms water, with a 
 fine fandy bottom. The peak of Prince's Ifland bore 
 N. 13 W. The weflcrmoft point of New Ifland S. 82 
 W. and the eaflermod point of Java that was in fight, 
 N, E. We were diftant from the Java (hore a mile and 
 a quarter, and from the watering-place a mile and a 
 Jialf. In a few days having completed our wood and 
 water, we weighed, and Hood out of the (Irait of Sun- 
 day, with a fine frelh gale at S. E. which continued 
 till we were diftant from the ifland of Java 700 leagues. 
 
 On Monday the 23rd of November, we had in view 
 the coiH of Africa; on the 28th, at day-break, we 
 tnadc the land of tlr: Cape of Good Hope ; and, in the 
 evening, call anchor in Table Bay. Here we found only 
 a Dutch n.i]i fioni Europe ; and a fnow belonging to 
 the C'pe, which was in the company's fervice, for the 
 inhabr.ants are not pcnnitted to have any (hipping. 
 This liay, in fummer, is a good harbour, but not in 
 winter j on which account the Dutch vc(rcls lay here no 
 longer :haa the i '1 of November, after which thc^ 
 go to Falfe Bay, where they are Iheltered from the N. 
 W. winds, which blow here with great violence. At 
 this place we breathed a pure air, had wholefome food, 
 went freely about the country, which is exceeding plea, 
 fant i and found the inhabitants hofpitabic and polite ; 
 there being fcarcciy a gentleman, either in a public or 
 private ftution, from whom we did not receive fome 
 civility ; and Captain Carteret obfcrves, " he (hould ill 
 deferve the favours they bcftowcd, if he did not par- 
 ticularly mention the Am and fecond governor, and the 
 fifcal." We continued near fix weelu atthe cape, in 
 order to recover our fick. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the 20th of Januaiy, in the evening, 
 A D 760 *^ ^^^ '*''' ""** before tt was dark cleared 
 '9' the land. After a fine and pleafant paf- 
 Cige, on Wedncfday the 20th, we anchored off the 
 ifland of St. Helena, from whence we again failed on 
 Sunday the 24th. 0^ Saturday the 30th, we came in 
 fight of the N. E. part of Afcenfion Ifland, and early in 
 the morning ran in clofe to it. We fent out a boat to 
 difcover the anchoring-place, and in the afternoon 
 came to an anchor in Crofs Hill Bay. To find this 
 place, bring the larged and moft confpicuous hill upon 
 the illand to bear S. E. When the (nip is in this po- 
 fition, the bav w ill be open, right in the middle between 
 two other hills, the wellcrmou of which is called Crofii 
 Hill, and gives name to the bay. A Pag-ftaff is upon 
 this hill, which, iia (hip brings to bear J. S. £. half E. 
 or S. £. by E. and runs in, keeping fo till (he is in 10 
 fathom water, (he will be in the bed part of the bay. 
 In our run along the N. E. (Idc of the ifland, we ob- 
 ferved fevcral other fmall fandy bays, in fome of which 
 our boat found good anchorage, and faw plenty of 
 turtle. At this jSace, where wc lay, they alfb abound. 
 In the evening we landed a few men to tum the turtle, 
 that (hould come on (hore during the night, and in the 
 morningthey had fecured 1 8, froia 4 to 6cx> weight 
 each. There being no inhabiunti on this ifland, we, 
 according to a ufual cuflom, left a letter in a bottle, 
 with our names, and dellination, the date, and a few 
 other particulars. 
 
 On Monday the ift of February, we weighed, and 
 fet (Ml. On the 1 gjh, we came in fight of a (hip, in 
 thefbuth quarter, which hoiftcd French colours 1 and 
 on Saturday the 20th, the ucked it) order to fpetk with 
 
 1 
 
 us. Her commander, wt, after (he had left ui. found 
 to be M. de Bougainville, whofe frequent traces of th« 
 Englifli navigators had very remarkably occurred in the 
 courfe of the three vovagcs, which they made round 
 the world. This gentleman made a voyage to Faulk- 
 land's iflands, called by the French, after the Dutcl?, 
 Mauritius, in the year 1765, and was (cen by commo* 
 dore Byron, in the ftraits nf Magellan, as we have re- 
 lated in our hillorv of that voyage. Soon after his re- 
 turn home, he failed from port L'Orient, in November, 
 1 766, on board the Bourdcufc frigate, attended by the 
 Etoile floop, on a voyage of difcovery, and to encoiti.. 
 pafs the world : but being baffled in his attempts topaft 
 the (traits of Magellan, he returned to the caflern coaft 
 of South America, arid wintered at Buenos A>res. Oi\ 
 the return of the feafun, he renewed his attempt with 
 better fucccfs, touched at the ifland of Juan Fernandez, 
 where he flayed two months, followed Captain Wallii 
 and Capuin Carteret, in the manner already related, 
 and, bv fuccefsfully completing his defign, became 
 the fir(t native of France, who had gone round the 
 world, at Icaft in one continued voyage. At this time 
 he Mils on his return in the Dourdcufc^ having left the 
 Etoile at the Mauritius: he had alio touched at the 
 ifland of Afcenfion; and after having hailed us, fent 
 an olliccr on hoard, in order to receive fome letters, 
 which were to be conveyed to France, who, under co- 
 lour of general converfation, endeavoured to obtain in- 
 formation concerning the route and incidents of our 
 voyage, while by a ft ring of plaufiblc fidions he con- 
 cealed their own; but Captain Carteret could not be 
 brought to be communicative, fo that all the endeav- 
 ours of the Frenchman proved fruitlcfs: on the other 
 hand, the crew of the boat in which the ofiicer had ar- 
 rived fcon imparted all they knew to thofe of our fai- 
 lors who convcrfed with them. Captain Carteret ob- 
 ferves very iuftly on this tranfadlion, "that an artful 
 attempt to draw him into a breach of his obligation to 
 fccrecy, whilft the French commander impofed a fidion, 
 that he might not violate his own, was neither liberal 
 nor juft." 
 
 Wc had now a frefli gale, and all our fails fet, when 
 the French fliip, though foul fronft a long voyage, and 
 we had been juft cleaned, fliot by us as if we had been 
 at anchor. On Sunday, the 7th of March, we paflcd be- 
 ttt-ecn the weftern iflands of St. Michael and Tercera. 
 As we proceeded tartiic: to the weftward, the gale in- 
 creafcd, and on the i tth it blew very hard from W. N^ 
 W. with a great fca, which blcwour fore-fail all to pieces, 
 before we could get the yard down; this obliged us t* 
 bring to; and having bent a new fail, we bore away 
 again. On Tuefday, the 1 6th, we were in latitude 49 
 deg. 1 5 min. north, and on the 1 8th, we found ourfelves 
 by the depth of water in the channel. The next day 
 we had a view of the St.irt-Point; and on the 20th 
 after a line palTage, and a fair wind from the Cape of 
 Good Hope, to our great joy, the Swallow came to an 
 anchor at Spithcad : and to what can we afcribe her ar- 
 riving fafc at laft, after having gone through, appa- 
 rently, infurmountable difticulties, but to the merciful 
 interpofition of a particular Providence. In following 
 her and her brave ci^w, through this voyage, our afto- 
 ni(hment is excited, not Co much at the number and im- 
 portance of the difcoveries made, but that fuch wants, 
 fuch embaraflments, and fuch dangers, as theic neg- 
 Icded and devoted people had to encounter, (hould hava 
 been overcome, in a (hip that had been thirty years in 
 the fervice! It is alfo no lefs furpriling, how it came to 
 pafs, that fo able and gallant an ofticer (hould have 
 been fo cruelly treated, when fent upon a fervice, which, 
 in almoft evqry other inftance, has been particularly at- 
 tended to, and received the mod ample fupplies: and, 
 to conclude, if we confider the many impediments 
 which lay in the way of Captain Carteret, beyond what 
 any other navigator had to (Iruggle with, we mud ac- 
 knowledge that this voyage does great honour to him 
 as the condudor of it : indeed this fcnfible ofticcr ieems 
 to have been animated with the true fpirit of difcovery, 
 and to have pofltrlTed fuch an uncommon (hare of forti- 
 tude and pcneverance,. as nothing (hort of death could 
 fubdue. A 
 
iU Tct, when 
 voyage, and 
 *'c had been 
 ^e pafled be- 
 nd Tcrcera. 
 he gale in- 
 fromW.N^ 
 allto pieces, 
 >liged us t* 
 E bore awajr 
 
 latitude 49 
 nd ourfelves 
 lie next daf 
 in the 20th 
 the Cape of 
 
 came to an 
 :ribe her ar- 
 JUgh, appa- 
 :hc merciful 
 In foHowing 
 ;e, our ado- 
 >bcr and im- 
 fuch wants, 
 t thefe ncg- 
 Ihould hava 
 irty years in 
 w it came to 
 (hould have 
 vice, which, 
 rticularly at- 
 pplies: and, 
 mpedimenti 
 Kyond what 
 ve mud ac- 
 lour to him 
 Qliicer items 
 >f difcovcry, 
 are of forti- 
 dcath could 
 A 
 
 NEW, Authentic, and complete account and narrative, «f 
 
 A Voyage Towards the North Pole^ 
 
 UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMEDi 
 
 Bythe Hon* Com. Phipps^ (now Lord MulgRave)^ 
 
 In his Majefty's Ship the RACEHORSE, accompanied by 
 Capt. LUTWYCH in the Carcase Sloop^ 
 
 TO WHICH IS PREFIXED. 
 
 ^ genuine Account of the fcveral Voyages undertaken for the Difcoverjr of a 
 
 North-East Paffage to China and Japan. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IT is fortunate for comnwrce, and the intcrcourfe of 
 nations, that there is implanted man's nature a 
 defire of novelty, which no prefent gratification can 
 fttiafy I that when he has vifited one region of the 
 earth, he it ftill, like Alexander, fighing for another to 
 explores and that, after having efcapca one danger in 
 his progrefs, he is no lefs eager to encounter others, that 
 may cbnce to oMlrudl him in tbc courfe of his pur- 
 fuiu. 
 
 If the hiAory of former hardfhips could have de- 
 ten«d men from engaging in new aidventures, the voy- 
 age, the ptrticulan of which we ure now about to re- 
 late, would probably never have been undertaken. The 
 dreary regions that furround the poles arc fo little ac- 
 cuftomedto feel the kindly influences of the enlivening 
 fun, and are fo deftitute of the ordinary produdions of 
 the earth in happier climates, that little Icfs than one 
 whole quarter of the globe is, by its (Icrility, rendered 
 uninhabitable by human beings, and but thinly occupied 
 by a very inconftderable numl^r of the race of qua 
 drupedes. The many and almod infuperablc difficul- 
 ties that mull therefore be expe(flcd in traveriing thefe 
 forlorn defarts, where no relief is to be expedled, but 
 from the favourable interpofition of that power, whofc 
 merciful providence extends to the remoteft comers of 
 the earth, are, upon refl»aion, enough to cool the ar- 
 dour of the moll enterprifing, and to dagger the rcfo- 
 lution of the mofl intrepid. 
 
 In the contention between powers, equally formed 
 by nature to meet an oppofition, it may be glorious to 
 (^v,.'Comc; but to encounter raging fcas, tremendous 
 rocks, and bulwarks of folid ice, and defperately to pcr- 
 fift in attempts to prevail againft fuch formidable ene- 
 mies; as the contli£l is hopelefs.fo the event is certain. 
 The hardiefl and mod (kilful navigator, after expofing 
 himfelf and his companions to the mod perilous dan- 
 gers, and fufTering in proportion to his hardincfs the 
 molt complicated difueiTc^, muil at laft fubmit to re- 
 turn home without fuccefs, or parifli in his peffcvcrance. 
 
 This oblervation will be fufficiently juftified, by \ 
 brief recapitulation of the voyages that have been un- 
 dertaken, v/ith a view to the difcovcry of a north-eafl 
 paflagc to China and Japan. 
 
 Jm firft who atumpted thii difcovcry wa»Sir Hugh 
 
 Willoiighby, with three fliips, fb early as the year 1 553, 
 the sera of perilous eriterprizcs. This gentleman failed 
 to the latitude of 75 degrees north, within fight, as it 
 is imagined, of Now Greenland, now calitd Si)itlber- 
 gen; but by a llorin was driven back, and obliged tqf 
 winter in the river Arzcm, in I^pland, where he was 
 frozen to death with uli his company. He left upon 
 his table a concifc account of .ill his difcoveries, in 
 which he mentions, having Tailed v. ithin fight of a 
 country in a very hitjh htirude, about which geogra- 
 phers are divided ; lome affirming, as hat been faid, 
 that it could be no other than New Greenland, after- 
 wards difcovered.atul named by the Dutc!. Spitlbcrgen; 
 others, that what he faw was only a fog-bank; and of 
 this latter opmion is Capt. Wood, in able navigator, of 
 whom we (hall have occafion n fpeak hereafter. 
 
 To Sir Hugh Wiiioughby fucceeded Captain Bur- 
 roughs, afterwards Comptroller of the Navy to Queen 
 Elizabeth. This gentlcnaaii attempted the pa(!age 
 with better fortune, and returned full of hope, but 
 without fuccefs. HepafTcd the North cape in 1556; 
 advanced as far north as the 78th deg. dilcovcrcd the 
 Wy gate or flrait that divides Nova Zembta from tl>e 
 country of the Sammoyds, now fubjcd to Rufili: and 
 having palled the cafternmoft point of that Hi ii, ar-* 
 rived at an open fea, from whence he returned, having, 
 as he imagined, difcovcrcd the palTage fo painfully 
 fought, and fo ardently ilciired. Some affirm, his dif- 
 coveries extended beyond the 80th deg.of latitude, to a 
 country altogether defolate, where the mountains wer« 
 blue ai^d the valleys fnow. 
 
 Be that as it may, the favourable report of Captain 
 Burroughs encouraged Queen Elizabeth to fit out two 
 ftout velTels to perfciit the difcovcry. The command 
 of thefe (hips v.as given to the Captains Jackman and 
 Pctt.who, in I J 80, failed through the fame ftrait, that 
 had been difcovcrcd by Burroughs, an i entered thi 
 eaftcrn fea; where the ice poured in fo fall Upon them, 
 and the weather became (o tempeftuous, that after en- 
 during incredible hardfhips, artd fuftaining the moft 
 dreadful (hocktof ice and Teas, terrible even in the re- 
 lation, they were driven back and fcparated; and nei- 
 tiicr I'ett nor his fb'p or crew were aver heard of after- 
 wards. 
 
 After 
 
 
 m 
 
 r 
 

 316 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULGRAVE's) VOVACiE 
 
 iiii- 
 
 After this diraftcr and difappointmcnt, the dcfirc 
 of vilitlnj!; the iro/.cn fcas to the N. K. began to abate 
 among the Knglidi, but was airuiuciJ by the Dutch 
 with an olillinate |>erfeverance, peculiar to that phlec- 
 nntit: naiion. 'l"hc firft Dutchman we read of who 
 made the attempt was John Cornelius, of whofe voyacc, 
 in 1595. we have but a very imperfect account; he 
 was Ibllowid however in 1606 by William Uarrans, 
 or, as fomc write, Barents, an able and experienced 
 fcaman and mathematitian, who being fupplicd with 
 every nccelfary for fo hazardous a voyage, by the gene- 
 rofity and patronage of Prince Maurice, proceeded in 
 the fame ccKirfe which had been pointed out to him 
 by the l-jiglilii n.ivij^ators ; but having palFcd the 
 VVygate, found the like incumbrances, and the like 
 tempelh whkh the Knglifli had experienced; and not 
 being able to bear upaganirt them, returned thoroughly 
 convinced, that the wilhed-for patfage was not to be 
 attained in that diredion. However, he traverfed the 
 coaft of Nova Zcmbla, gave names to fcveral promon- 
 tories and head-lands, and planned to himfelf a new 
 courfe to Iker, by which he hoped toaccomplifh what 
 he had failed in difcovering, by following the fleps of 
 thofe who ha.l gone before him. 
 
 In 1607, animated rather than difcouraged by dif- 
 appointment, he entered upon his fecond voyage, with 
 the fpirit of a man fully prepoirefled with fuccefs. He 
 had heard, that fomc of the whalers, who had now be- 
 gun to frequent the north feas, had, either by defign or 
 accident, advanced much farther to the northward 
 than thofe w ho had been jnirpofely fitted out upon dif- 
 coveries ; he therefore determined to lleer to the north- 
 ward of Nova Zenibla, till he fliould arrive at the 
 heii^ht of the polo, under which he was perfuaded he 
 fliould find an open fea ; and by changing his courfe 
 to the fouthward, avoid thofe obftrudions which had 
 retarded his paflage to theN. K. 
 
 In this hope he continued till he arrived on the coaft 
 of Nova Zembla, where before he had reached *he 
 77th deg. he was fo rudely attacked by the mountains of 
 ice, that every where afliiiled him, that not being able 
 to withrtand their fury, he was driven againft the rocks, 
 and his fliip dalhr'' to pieces. Barents and the greateft 
 part of his crew got lafc to land, but it was to ex- 
 perience greater mifer)- than thofe underwent who 
 peri Hied in the attempt. They were obliged to winter 
 in a country, where no living creature bcfides thcm- 
 ftlvcf appeared to have cxiuence; and where, not- 
 uithllanding their utmoft clforts to preferve their 
 boiliis from the cold, the He(h perilhcd ujion the bones 
 of fome of them, and others died of the moft excruciat- 
 ing pains. 
 
 In this extremity, and notwithftanding the anguilh 
 they endured, thofe who furvived had ftill the fortitude 
 and ingenuity to frame a pinnace from the wreck of 
 their broken (hip, in which, at the approach offum- 
 mer, they made lail for Lapland ; but before they ar- 
 rived at Colu, their Captam died, and with him the 
 hopes of pel feding his difcovery. 
 
 It was now the adive feafon for naval chtcrprizcs. 
 Prixate adventurers began to fit out (liips for the north 
 feai. Innumerable fea animals had been obferved to 
 balk upon the ice ; the tufl<s of whofe jaws were found 
 to excel, in whitcnefs, the fineft ivory, and their car- 
 cafes to vield plenty of excellent oil. In the infancy 
 of the whale fifhery', thefc were purfued with the fame 
 eagcrnefs, with which both the Englifli and Dutch 
 endeavour at this day to make the whales their prey, 
 and perhaps with no Icfs profit. In following thcfe, 
 many iflands were difcovered to which they refortcd, 
 and, in courfe of time, the feas that were fo formidable 
 to the firil dilcovcrers, became frequented at the proper 
 feafons by the (hips of every nation. 
 
 Foreign navigators, however, were more fanguine in 
 iheir notions of a N. W. paflage, than of the exillencc 
 of a paflage to the N. E. and it was not till many un- 
 fuccefsful trials had been made to difcover the fbmier, 
 that the latter was again attempted. The celebrated 
 Hudfon, who difcovered the ftraits that lead to the 
 great wcftcrn bay, which ftill bears his name j after he 
 
 had exerted his Ikill in vain to find a paflage wefl .vardi^ 
 was perfuaded at laH to undertake a voyage in fearth of 
 a patfage to the N. I-',. This he performed in 1610. 
 but being difcouraged by the inifi arriages (»f otheri, 
 and the fatal iffue th.it had attended their obllinate (nr- 
 fcverance, on viewing the face of the country, examin- 
 ing the currents, and traverling an immenfe continent 
 ot ice, that ftretched along the ocean, in a dircAidh 
 from v.. S. E. to VV. N. VV. he concluded, that 
 nt) paflage could be practicable in that direction, antl 
 therefore returned without making any other matccia^ 
 difcovery. 
 
 I-rom this time till the year 1676, the profecution of 
 this difcovery was totally neglei!fed by the I'ingli/li; 
 and though the Dutch whaleisamufcd the world with 
 wonderful relations of their near approach to the pole, 
 y( r little credit was given to their reports till the arrival 
 of one John Wood, who had accompanied Sir John 
 Narborough in his voyage to the South Sea, with a 
 view to elbblifh a new trade with the Chilians, and 
 natives of that vafl trad of country, reaching from 
 the ftraits of Magellan to the confines of Pcrti. 
 
 This able and cnterprizing navigator, being himfelf 
 an excellent mathematician and geographer, and read- 
 ing in the Philofophical Tranlactions a paper, by which 
 the exifVence of a N. K. pafTageto the eaftern or Indian 
 ocean was plaufibly affertcd. and this cxadly coinciditw 
 with his own notions of the conftrudion of the globe, 
 he was induced, by this and other reafons, to apply to 
 king Charles II. for a commillion to profecute the dif- 
 covery; the accomplifliment whereof, it was lliid, would 
 add to the glory of his majefly's reign, and immenfely 
 to the w ealth and profperity of his kingdoms. 
 
 Many about the court of that needy prince, hoping 
 to fhare in the profits of the v,oyage, were carnefl in pre- 
 vailing with his majrrty to forwartl the defign, whb 
 being himfelf fond of novelty, ordered the Speedwell 
 frigate to be fitted out at his own charge, manned, vic- 
 tualled, and provided with every ncceflary ; w hilc the 
 duke, his brother, and fevcn other courtiers, joined in 
 the purchafe of a pink of 1 20 tons, to accompany her, 
 which they likewife manned and viduallcd. and fur- 
 nifhed with merchandizes, fuch as were thought mar- 
 ketable on the coafts of Tartary or Japan ; the countrica 
 they moft probably would firft fall in with after their 
 paffage through the north fea. 
 
 Thefc (hips being in readinefs, and commifTions made 
 out for their commanders. Captain Wood was appointed 
 to dired the expedition, on board the Speedwell, and 
 Captain I'lawes to bear him company on board the 
 Profperous. 
 
 On the 28th of May 1676, they failed from the Huoy 
 of the Nore, with the wind at S. W, and on i'hc 4th of 
 June caft anchor off Lerwick, in Braffey Sound, where 
 they continued fix days, to take in water and recruit 
 their ftores. 
 
 On Saturday the loth, they weighed anchor and con- 
 tinuc«l their voyage; and on the 15th, they entered the 
 polar circle, where the fun at that feafon of the year 
 never fets. At noon ;Jj(^r>cedwell broke her main- 
 top-fail-yard in the ftings, the firft difafkr that had 
 happened, which, however, was cafily repaired. The 
 weather now began to grow hazey, a circumftance that 
 frequently happens in the polar regions, and darkeiu 
 the air with the obfcurity of night. 
 
 from this time till June 22, when they fell in with 
 the ice in latitude 75 deg. 59 min. N. nothing material 
 occurred. On that day, at noon, they obferved a con- 
 tinent of ice ftretching to an imperceptible diftancc, in 
 a diredion from E. S. E. and W. N. W. They bore 
 away along the ice till the 28th, when they found it 
 join to the land of Nova Zembla. 
 
 On the 29tb, they ftood away to the fouth. to get clear 
 of the icci-but unfortunately found themfclves embayed 
 in it. At 1 1 at night the Profperous bore down upon 
 the Speedwell, crying out, ice upon the weather-bow, on 
 which the Speedwell clapt the helm hard a weather, and 
 veered out the main-fail to ware the ftiip; but before fl»c 
 could be brought to on the other tack, fhe tf ruck on a 
 ledge of rocks, and ftuck faft. They fired guns of dif- 
 ■ ' trcCi. 
 
|\Vffl.\nr().^ 
 fcarch ol' 
 in 1610, 
 Juf otlu-M, 
 fiuau' [KT- 
 Y, cxaMiiii- 
 cnntinq^c 
 »lirc>.*ti(J>i 
 liilcJ, that 
 jction, ami 
 |cr mutcciaV 
 
 ifccution of 
 Kngli/li; 
 jworld with 
 [() the pole, 
 the arrival 
 ll Sir John 
 iea, with a 
 lilians, and 
 :hlng from 
 u. 
 
 :in<T himfcif 
 
 |r, and rcad- 
 
 r, by which 
 
 nor Indian 
 
 ' coinciding 
 
 f the globe, 
 
 to apply to 
 
 ute the dif- 
 
 faid, would 
 
 immcnfcly 
 
 ns. 
 
 ncc, hoping 
 irncrt in prc- 
 dcfign, who 
 ic Speedwell 
 nanncd, vie- 
 •y ; while the 
 crs, joined in 
 Dmpany her, 
 ed. and fur- 
 bought mar- 
 the countries 
 h after their 
 
 iiiflions made 
 as appointed 
 cedwcll, and 
 >n board the 
 
 om the Buoy 
 m {he 4th of 
 ound. where 
 ' and recruit 
 
 hor and con- 
 ' entered the 
 of the year 
 e her nuin- 
 :er that had 
 aired. The 
 mftancc that 
 and darkens 
 
 ' fell in with 
 ling material 
 rrved a con- 
 : diOance, in 
 They bore 
 ey found it 
 
 I, to get clear 
 ves embayed 
 : dowa upon 
 thcr-bow.on 
 weather, and 
 ut betbrc flie 
 Itruck on a 
 guns of dif. 
 trcCi, 
 
 For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &.c, 
 
 3'7 
 
 trtfi, but were not heard, and the fog being To thick, 
 that land could not be difccrncd, though clofc to the 
 flcrn of their Ihipt no relief was now to be cxpedU 
 cd, but from providence and their own endeavours. 
 In fucb a fituation, no defcription can cquil the rela* 
 tion of the Captain himfcif, who, in the language of 
 the times, has given the following full and pathetic 
 account. 
 
 " Here, fays he, wc lay beating upon the rock in a 
 moft frightful manner, for the ^ace of three or four 
 houn, uftng all polPible means to fave the fliip, but in 
 vain I forit olew fo hard, that it was wholly out of our 
 power to carry out an anchor capable to do us any fer- 
 vice. At length we faw land dole under our Aern.to the 
 great amazement of us all, which before we could not 
 lee for the foggy weather > fo I commanded the men to 
 get out the boau before our mad came by the board, 
 which was done. I fcnt the boatfwain towards the Ihore 
 in the pinnace, to fee if there was any poiribilit]^ of 
 landing, which 1 much feared, becaufc the fea ran fo high, 
 tn halfan hour he returned with this anfwer, that it was 
 impoflible to land a man, the fnow being in high cliffs, 
 the Ihorc was inaccclTible. This was tnd tidmgs t fo 
 then it was high time to think on the fafety of our fouls, 
 and we went altogether to prayers, to belcech God to 
 have mercy on us, for now nothing but individual ruin 
 appeared befbre our eves. After prayers, the weather 
 cleared up a little, and looking over the Item, I faw a 
 fmall beach diredly with the (Vem of the (hip, where I 
 thought there might be fomc chance of getting on fliorc. 
 I therefore fentolf the pinnace a feconatime, with fome 
 men in her to be iird landed, but (he duril not venture 
 to attempt the beach. I then ordered out the long-boat 
 widi twenty men to land, who attempted it, and got 
 ftfc on (hors. They in the pinnace feeing that, foU 
 lowed, and landed their men likewife, and Mth vefleU 
 leturned to the (hip without any accident. The men 
 on Ihore dclired fomc iire>arms and ammunition, for 
 there were many bears in light. I therefore ordered 
 two barrels of powder, fome fmall arms, fome provi. 
 iions, with my own papers and money, to be put on 
 board die pinnae*] but as (he put off from the (hip's 
 fide, a fea ovcrfet her, fo that all was loft, with the life 
 of one nun, and fcveral others uken up for dead. The 
 pinnace likewife was daihed to pieces, to our great for- 
 row, as bv that difafter, one lueans of efcaping from 
 this difmal country, in cafe the Profperous defertcd us, 
 was cut off*. The long-boat being on board, and the 
 fea running high, the boatfwain and fome others would 
 compel me and the Lieutenant to leave the (hip, faying 
 it was impotfible for her to live long in that fea, and 
 that they nad rather be drowned than I; but deliring 
 me when I came on (bote, if it were potTiblc, to fend 
 the boat again for them. Before wc got half way to 
 (hore the ftiip overfet, fo making all polfible hafte to 
 land the men we had on board, I went off to the (hip 
 again, to &vethofe poor men who had been fo kind to 
 woe before. With great hazard I got to the quarter of 
 the (hip, and they came down theudder into the boat, 
 only one man was left behind for dead, who had before 
 beencaft away in the piniucc; fo I returned to the 
 ihore, though very wet and cold. We then hauled up 
 the boat, and went up the land about a flight (hot, 
 where our men were making a fire and a tent with can- 
 vafs and oars, which we had faved for that purpofe, in 
 nrhich we all lay that night wet and weary. Ine next 
 morning the man wc len on board having recovered, 
 got upon the mizen-maft, and prayed to oe uken on 
 Store, but it blew fo hard, and the lea ran fo high, that 
 tho'he was a very pretty failpr, none would venture to 
 brinshimoff. 
 
 "The weather continuing blowing with extremefogs, 
 and with froft and fnow, and all the ul-compaded wea- 
 ther that could be imagined put together, we built 
 more tents to preferveourfelvest and trie (hip breaking 
 In pieces, came all on Ihore to the fame place where we 
 landed, which fcrved us for (helter and firing. Befides, 
 there came to us fomc hogfliewb of flour, and brandy in 
 
 No. 3«. 
 
 good lltwe, which was no little cmniurt in our grea' ex-* 
 trcmity. We now lay between hope and defpa r, pray- 
 ing for fair weather, that Captain 1 lawcs nnulit find 
 us, which it was impoiTible for hiih ever to do while 
 the weather continued foogyi but fearing at the famd 
 time that he might be calTaway as well as we* 
 
 " But fuppofing we nevcrwere td fee Kim again, t waa 
 refulved to try the utmoll to fave as many as 1 could in 
 the long-boat. In order thereunto ^e raifed her tw« 
 feet, ami laid a deck upon her (o kc«p the fea out m 
 much as potTiblei and with this boat, and thirty men, 
 for Ihc would carry no more, 1 intended to row and fail 
 to RufTia, but the crew not being fatisfied who (hould be 
 the men, began to be very unruly in their mind and be- 
 haviour, every one havinnumuch reafon to fave him- 
 felf as another, fomc holding confuiution to fiive the 
 boat, and all to run the like fortune i but here brandy 
 was our beft friend, for it kept the men always fox'd, 
 fo that in all their dcfigns I could prevent them. Some 
 were in the mind to go by land, but that 1 knew was 
 impolTible to any man ; neither had we provilions nor 
 ammunition to defend us from the wild beafts; fo the 
 paffage by land L cins impradicaMc and nopaffage by 
 fea to be attempted till forty men were dcftroycd, I will 
 Iviave it to the confideration of any, whether wc were 
 not in a moft deplorable condition, without the interpo- 
 fition of divine providence. 
 
 " The weathercontinued ftill very bad, with fogs,fi»Bw, 
 rain, and froft, till the 9th day of our being on (hore, 
 which was the 8th day of July, when in the morning it 
 cleared up, and toourgrcntjoy one of our people cned 
 out a fail, which proved Captain Flawest lowefet fire 
 to our town, that he might fee where we were, which 
 he prefently difcovered, fo came up, and f^nt his boat 
 to us : but before I went oft. I wrote a brief relation of 
 the intention of the vo;^age, with the accident (hat had 
 befallen us, and put it into a glafs bottlci and left it irt 
 the fortification I had there built > fo by twelve o'clock 
 wc all got fafe on board, but left all on (hore that wc 
 had faved from the fliip ; for wc much feared it would 
 prove fogey again, and that we (hould be driven once 
 more on this miferable country ; a country, for the moft 
 part.covered perpetually with fnow, and what is bare being 
 like bogs, on whofe furface grows a kind of mofs, bear- 
 ing a blue and yellow flower, the whole produd): of the 
 earth in this defolate region. Under the furface, about 
 two feet deep, we came to a firm body of ice, a thing 
 never heard of before; and againft the icc-cliifs. which 
 are as high as either of the fore-lands in Kent, the Vdk 
 has waflied underneath, and the arch overhanging, moft 
 fearful to behold, fupports mountains of fnow, which, I 
 believe, hath lain there ever fince the creation." 
 
 Thus far in Claptain Wood's own words. He ^iddi* 
 that by the tides letting diredlly in upon the (hore, it 
 may be affirmed «ith certainty, that there is no p^age 
 to the nonhward. One thing remarkable in his rela- 
 tion, and which feettls to Contradid the report of formed 
 navintors, is, that the fea is there falter than he had yet 
 taftra it elfewhere, and the deareft in the world, for 
 that he could fee the (hells at the bottom, though the 
 fea was four hundred artd eighty reet deep. 
 
 Beinsall embarked On board the Profp«t«us, dn the 
 
 !thof July they changed tlieir courfe. ind ftecrcd for 
 ijlgland; and, on the 23rd of Auguft, they arrived 
 fafe in the Thames, without any remarkable accident 
 intervening. 
 
 After the milcarriage of this voyaget on which the 
 higheft expedations had been formed, the moll cxpe^ 
 rienced navigators in England feemed to agree, that a 
 paiTagc by the N. or N.£. had no exiftence. They 
 were the more confirmed in this error, for an error it is, 
 by the reafons afligfied by Capuin Wood, for changing 
 his opinion on this matter; for,before he went upon the 
 dlfcovery, he was fully peifuaded himfelfj and like- Te 
 pcrfuaded many others, that nothing was more renain. 
 When, however, he firft faw the ice, he imagined it was 
 onlv that which joined to Greenland, and that no folid 
 body of ice extended fiuther from land than twenty 
 4 ^ leagues 1 
 
3i8 CoMMODOKi PHIPP8 (now Lord MULORAVE'i) VOYAGE 
 
 i I 
 
 M 
 
 leagues ; in thi» pcrfuafion he altcrcil hi« courfe, and 
 coaOrd along in thediroltion in which the ict '«y, ex- 
 pelling, at every cape or hcad-lami of ice, after running 
 icertain diftancc, to lind un ojjening into the Polar 
 ocean I but after running two or three glafles to the 
 northward in one bay, he found himfelf entangled in 
 another j and thusit continued till his ftiip was wrecked. 
 By thi« experiment, he found the opinion of Barents 
 confuted, namely, " that by Hearing the middle courfc 
 between Spitlbereen and Nova Zcmbia, an open fea 
 might beatraincd, in which i fliip might fafcly fail as 
 fiiiras the pole." From his own experience, he there- 
 fore pronounced, that all the Dutch relations were for- 
 ccricJ which aflcrted, that any man had ever been under 
 the pole; vcrilybelteving, that if there be no land to 
 the northward of 80 degrees, that the fea is there fro/rn, 
 and always continues fo; and grounding his m>inion 
 Mtion this remark, that if the body of ice which he 
 faw were to be conveyed ten degrees more to the fouth- 
 ward, many centuries of )car8 would elapfe before it 
 would be melted. 
 
 To thiii pofitivc aflcrtion. however, may be oppofcd, 
 the tertiinony of many credible perfons, feme of whom 
 have thcinfeivcs failed beyond the 80th degree of north 
 latitude, and others upon evidence whofe veracity there 
 is no rcafonable caufe to bring in quellion. 
 
 Among the latter, the teftimony of Mr. Jofeph 
 Moxon, member of the Royal Society of London, mult 
 have confiderablc weight. In a paper which this gen- 
 tleman caufcd to be printed in the Philofophical Tranf- 
 atftions, is this remarkable relation. 
 
 " Eteing about twcntv years ago in Amfterdam, 1 went 
 into a public houfe to dri«k a cup of beer for my thirft ; 
 and fitting by the public fire, among feveral people, 
 there happened a fcaman to come in, who feeing a 
 frii'nd of his there, who he knew went the Greenland 
 voyage, wondered to fee him, b<;caufc it was not yet 
 time for the Greenland fleet to come home, and alked 
 him, what accident had brought him home fo foon? 
 His friend (who was the ftccrfman) anfwercd, that their 
 Ihips went not out to fifli, but only to ukc in the lad- 
 ing of the fleet, to bring it to an earfy market. But, 
 faid he, before the fleet had caught filh enough to lade 
 us, we, by order of the Greenland Company, failed 
 nrlto the north pole, and came back again. Where- 
 upon, fays Moxon, I entered into difcourfe with hiin, 
 and fecmcd toqucftion the truth of what he faidj but 
 he did aflure me it was true, and that the fhip was then 
 in Amfterdam, and many of the feamen belonging to 
 her ready to juftify the truth of it ; and told nx, more- 
 over, that they had failed two degrees beyond the pole. 
 I aflted him, if they found no land or illands about the 
 pole? Heanfwcred, no; there was a free and own fea. 
 Iafkedhim,if they did not meet with a great deal of 
 ice? He told me, no; they faw no ice about thciwlc. 
 j alked him, what weather they had there? He told me, 
 fine warm weather, fuch as was at Amfterdam in the 
 fummer-timc, and as hot. 1 ftiould have aflted him 
 more qucftions. but that he was engaged in difcourfe 
 withhisfriend.andlcouldnot, in modefty, interrupt 
 them longer. But I believe the ftcerfman fookc 
 truth; for hcfcemed a plain, honeft, and unaflWla- 
 tious perfon, and one who could have no dcfign upon 
 
 To authenticate this relation it has bce» obferved, 
 that under the poles, the fun in June being 23 degrees 
 hidi, and having little or no depreflion towards the 
 hwizon, always, as it were, fwimming about in the fame 
 elevation, might invigoralt that part of the hcmifpheie 
 with more heat than he docs our climate ; when he is, 
 in the winter, no more than i c degreci at the higheft, 
 and but eight hours above the horizon; in which ipacc 
 the earth has time to cool, and to lofe, in the night, the 
 influences of heat which it receives in the day. 
 
 Another report upon like evidence was made to ■ 
 King Charles the Second, by Capuin Goulden, whof 
 being a Greenland whaler himlelf, fpoke with two 
 Hollanders in the North Seas, that had failed within 
 one degree of the pole, wHerc they met with no ice, but : 
 a hollow grown fea, like chat in the Bay of Bifcay. 
 
 A ftill more rrediblr tcftimony i«, that about thc^ear 
 670, application being madetotheftatrsgencral for a 
 charter to incorporate a company of merchants to trade 
 to JapnnandC'hina.byanewpafliige to the nor'h eaft; 
 the then Eiul India Company opiiolrd it, and that fo 
 ert'eOluall)^; that their Hi|^h Migliiinellcs rcfufed tognint 
 what the merchants rcqueftcd. 
 
 At that time it was talked of in Holland, as a matter 
 of no difficulty to fail to Japan by the way of Green- 
 land! and it was publickly aflcrted and believed, that 
 fevenil Dutch (hips had adually done it. The mer- 
 chants being re(|uiml to verify this fkl, defired that the 
 journals of the Greenland fouadron of 1655 might be 
 produced 1 in feven of whicn there was notice taken 
 of a fliip which that year had failed as high as the lati- 
 tude of 891 and three journals of that Ihip being pro- 
 duced, they all Agreed, as to one obfervation taken by 
 the mafter, Auguft i, i6jj, in 8ft dc^^rees 56 minutes 
 north. 
 
 But a proof inconteftible, is the teftimony of Captain 
 Hudfon, who failed in 1607 to the latitude of 81 dcg. 
 30 min. north, where he arrived on the 1 6th of July, 
 the weather being then pretty warm. 
 
 Add to all thek', that the IXitch who v^xre employed 
 in 1670, in endeavouring to lind a N. l-'.. palfage, ad- 
 vanced within a very few degrees of that open fea, which 
 is now commonly navigated by the KuHians, and which 
 would infallibly have brought them to the coafts of 
 China and Japan, had they pcrfevcrcd in the courfe 
 they wtre purfuing. 
 
 It does not apj^ear, however, from any authentic ac- 
 counts that \vc can colled, that any voy:i[;e, profelltdly 
 for the difcovery of a N. E. pafl"age, has been undertaken 
 by either public or private adventurers in England, fince 
 that of Captain Wood in the year 1676, till the prcfent 
 year: and it is more than probable, that if the Ruflian 
 difcoveries on the north of Afia had never taken place, 
 the thoughts of finding a pradlicable paflage from Eu- 
 rope in that diredion, would have laindonnant foe 
 
 ever. 
 
 But the vaft and enterprizing genius of Peter the 
 Great, in forcing his fubjedts out of that obfcurity in 
 which they had long been involved, has opened to the 
 maritime powers new fources of commerce, and fur- . 
 niflied freln motives for new enterprizes. From a peo- 
 ple unacquainted with a vcfTel bigger than a bark, and 
 who knew no navigation but that of their own rivers, 
 that wonderfiil Prince not only taught them the ufe of 
 (hips, but inftru(fled them in the true principles of 
 building and equipping them. Nay, he did more; 
 for after making himfelf known and admired through- 
 out Europe, he conceived the defign of opening a com- 
 munication with the rcinotefl parts of the globe, and 
 difcovering to the world new countries which no Euro- 
 pean nation had ever yet explored. 
 ' With this defign, he planned one of the boldefl: en- 
 terprizes that ever entered into the heart of man ; and 
 though he did not furvive to fee it executed, the glory 
 of the atchievement is wholly his. 
 
 The country of Kamtfchatka was as much unknown 
 to his prcdeccflbrs, as it was to the reft of the civilired 
 nations of the earth ; yet he formed the defign of mak- 
 ing that favage country the centre of the moft gloriptn 
 atchicvements. 
 
 It was in the laft year of this great Monarch's lift, 
 that he commiAioned Captain Behring to traverfc the 
 wild, and then almoft deiolatc, country of Siberia, and 
 t9 continue his route to Kamtfchatka, wlierc he #as 
 to build one or more veflfcls, in order to difcover irW- 
 thc country towards the north, offWhich at that time 
 they had no diftind knowledge, was a part of America, 
 or not; and if it was, his inftrudions authorized him to 
 endeavour, by every poflibic means, to fcek and cnW- 
 vate the acquaintance of fome European people, and to 
 leam from them the ftate of the country at which he 
 (hould arrive. If he failed in this, he was to mi^rfuch 
 difcoveries ascircumftancct Ihould prefent, and cornittit^ 
 to writing the rcfult of his obfervations fortKe ufe of Ms 
 imperial mafter. 
 
 To enter minutely into the particulars of Captain 
 
 Bchring's 
 
 f 
 
GE 
 
 HJtthc^'car 
 ncral fur a 
 t« to trade 
 nor'h cart I 
 nnd that to 
 fed to grant 
 
 II a matter 
 of Grccn- 
 licvcd, that 
 
 The tncr- 
 rcd that the 
 
 might be 
 nice t4ken 
 as the iati- 
 being pro- 
 m taken by 
 56 minutes 
 
 of Captain 
 
 of 81 dcg. 
 
 )th of July, 
 
 reemployed 
 palfagc, ad- 
 Mi fea, V, hich 
 i, and which 
 ic coafts of 
 
 I the courfe 
 
 uthentic ac- 
 , profefliilly 
 n undertaken 
 ngiand, fince 
 
 II the prcfent 
 the Ruflian 
 
 r taken place, 
 ipe from Eu- 
 donnant for 
 
 of Peter the 
 obfcurity in 
 opened to the 
 rcc, and fur- 
 From a pco- 
 I a bark, and 
 ir own rivers, 
 :m the ufc of 
 principles of 
 K did more; 
 ired through- 
 tcning a com- 
 le globe, and 
 lich no Euro. 
 
 leboldeft en- 
 of man ; and 
 ed, the glory 
 
 uch unknown 
 
 the civilized 
 
 cHgn of mak- 
 
 mofl gloripns 
 
 anarch's lift, 
 > traverfc the 
 r Siberia, and 
 liere he #as 
 lifcovcr wh*- 
 1 at that time 
 t of America, 
 orized him to 
 ck and cnW- 
 xopie, and to 
 at which he 
 toms^cfuch 
 :, atidcomitiii^ 
 the ufc of Ms 
 
 •s of Captain 
 Bchring's 
 
 For making DISCOVERIES twartli the N O R T H i POL E, &c 
 
 ,<'9 
 
 f 
 
 Bchring'.i j<Hirney and voyage, would carry 111 btyond 
 the limits prcfcribcd for this Intrnducttnn : let It (iif- 
 fice to fay, that after furmounting incrcrttblr ilifTuniltics, 
 and Offering hardfhipt which nune but a Kutlian could 
 have furvivcd, he executed his commiHion fur cefsfuily, 
 and returned to Peteilburg tn fafety, after an abfcncc of 
 five years, in which time, befldcs his voyage by fea, 
 he had travelled, in going and returning, 1 8,000 miles 
 by land. 
 
 It is from the lecond enterpriacs of this aftonirtiiiif; 
 man, and from the fubfcquent voyages of the KuirianK, 
 that we arc able to afcertain the exiftrnre of a N. K. 
 paflagei and it it from thence, and fmm the latrvoyapr 
 of Ci^nain Phipi's, that, we think, we may iairly infer 
 the pradicability of it. 
 
 It was fome tune about the year 1740, t^ i^ Cnptain 
 Bchring embarked on his fecond voyage imni Kantt- 
 fchatka, of which all that we know is, that In failtd 
 fouthward to the Hies of Japan, and from thcncr caft. 
 ward about 80 leagues. At thilt diftance from Japan 
 he difcovercd land, which he coafteti N. W. nil! ap- 
 proaching to the N. E. rape of Afia, which he doubled, 
 and named Cape Shelvghenfki, not daring to land till 
 he arrived at the mouth of « great river, where fending, 
 his boats with moft of hi* crew on flmre, they ii«v»r 
 more returned, being either kilkd or dcnlned by thr 
 Inhabitants, which made his difcovcry intomplcat t lor 
 not having men fufficicnt left to navigate the (hip, flic 
 went on fliore on an uninhabited iilaiul, where the 
 Captain unfortunately died. 
 
 rrom this voyage, however, we leatn that the ft-a, 
 from the N. E. cai>e of Kamtfchatka, is open to the 
 iflcs of Japan, and from a fubfequent account of RufTian 
 voyaged, publiflied in the Philofophical Tranfadtlons, 
 from a paper communicated by the celebrated Euler, it 
 appears, that they pafled along in fmall veflels, cuafting 
 between Nova Zcmbla and tM cdntmcnt, at divtrs 
 =times in the middle of fummer, w1le*i thofe fcas were 
 t>ptn. The firft expedition was froin the river Oby, 
 latitude 66 dcg. N. longitude 65 deg. E. from Londbn, 
 and at the approach of winter, the vclFels (hcltercd 
 themfelvcs by going up the Janiflta, the moUth of which 
 is marked m our maps in latitude 70 deg. N. and in 
 longitude 81 dcg. E. from whence the next funnner 
 they proceeded to the mouth of the Lena in latitude 
 72 deg. N. and in longitude 1 1 5 dcg. into which they 
 again retired for the winter feafon. The third ex- 
 
 })edition was from the mouth of this river, to the 
 artheft nsnh capeof Afla, in 72 deg. of north latitude, 
 and in 172 deg. ofcaft loncinide from London. Thus 
 the Ruffians having paffed between the continent and 
 Nova 2^embla, and failed as far as the eaftcrnmod north 
 cape, and the Engliih and I>itch having repeatedly 
 faiied through the (traits that divide Nova Zembia from 
 the continent, nothing can be a plainer demonftration 
 of the reality of the N. E. paflkgc, than :h- fum of the 
 voyages here cnumehited, when added together. The , 
 En^ifh and Dutch fail to Wygatr,, or the ftrait of. 
 Nova Zembia; the Rufliani fail from Wygatr to the 
 north cape of Afia; and Bchring from the north cape 
 to Japan. This is an incontrovertible demonftration ; 
 yet it is obvious, that this o )u '-fc can never be pradicable 
 TO (hips employcid in trade. The Ruffians, by taking the 
 advantage of an mien fea and mild weather, in three 
 years time accompliflicd biit part of a voyage, which, 
 by the Cape of Good Hope, mav be made in lefs than 
 one. Who therefore would run the hazard of fo dtf- 
 pcratea'pairagc,forthefakeof reaping imaginary ad- 
 vantages by an intercourfe with favages, who, for aught 
 we know, have nothing to exchange for European com- 
 moditicsi but the (kins of bears, or the bones of inon- 
 flers. • 
 
 But though the pa(rage to the northern countries of 
 the eaft was known to be impradlicable to European 
 navigaton in this diredlion, it was worthy the great-' 
 nets of a maritime people, to endeavour to determine 
 the poflTibility of attaining the fame end by another 
 courfe. 
 
 The mifcarriage and death of Barcntz. and the ftip- 
 4 
 
 wreck nfLaptatn W tMid, had Jeh iU<- qmlhon unde- 
 termined whether the regions adioinina to the ^wle arc 
 land or water, (roz-cn or o()cn fea. The advaiifagcs 
 from this ilif<over», belides the glory rcfiiltinj.' from it, 
 had the deoiiiiMi terminatid in tavuur ol iiavigitinn, 
 vould have been Jmnicnlel) great, fo have opened 
 .1 new channel of commerce at a time when our trade 
 is languilhing, would iMve revived the drooping hopes 
 ol our maniiucturers, aiul retaineil at home the mime- 
 lous emigrants, who, for want of employment in their 
 own country, are f-'cking new habitations, and new 
 iiteans of livina; in remote fettlements, of the certainty 
 of *liifh they nave no experience. 
 
 It muftbc acknowledged tn the lafting honour of the 
 nol'k- lord who prelitlcs at the head ol the admiralty 
 Iwaid, and «» ho patronized the undertaking, that the 
 ineaii>io render it fuccefsful, was in every refpcd pro- 
 portioned tothe iin|)ortnnce ofthedifcovery. 
 
 The velfol* that were made choi.e of were thr pro> 
 pcrclt' that could bedevifwl. Homl) ketches are in the 
 rtrit intlan. e (Voutly built, and not being over lar^je, arc 
 Mi adaptcti (or navigating (can tiiai are known to 
 ab.niiul >*ith llioais and covered rocks: tliefe veflels, 
 belides Ihcir natural Hrength, were (heathed w ith plank 
 «f leaContd oak tlinc inches thick, to fortily them 
 agaiiiU the fliocks and preliiire ol the ice, that, in their 
 progrefs, they mu(t infallibly encounter. They were, 
 belidi-;, fiirnilhed with a double fet of ice jwles, an- 
 chors, rabies, fails and rigging, to provide againlV the 
 terrible ttleCts of the feverc and lempclluoiis weather, 
 thai Ircqiicatly happens in hif«h latitudes, even in the 
 mkltMeof the n\ol\ temperate feafons. 
 
 Nor was his lordtliip lefs careful to [)rovide for the 
 comlorrable (viblillcncc of the men, than for the prefer- 
 vaiion of thtir lives, by his Aife directit)ns in equip- 
 
 Eing their (hips. His lirf\ care was, to ifluc orders for 
 ilhng and curint; " '"'''' '«^nt quantity of beef and pork 
 in the beft manner poflibie, that their provilions might 
 be good and (ftlh » and his next, to caufc 100 buts of 
 porter to be brewed with the bell malt and hops, that 
 they might have proper drink to fortify them againft 
 the rigour of the climate they were about to pafs. Their 
 peafe, oatmeal, rice, and molaiTes, were all provided 
 with equal care, and when all things were in readincfs, 
 the beer was flowed in the holds, and the vacancies 
 filled up with coals, which ferved as ballaft, that firing 
 might not be wanting to warm and dry them when 
 cold, or wet with labour, or with watching. Add to 
 this, that a double quantity offpirits were put on board, 
 with a large proportion of^wine, vinegar, mulbrd, &c. 
 &c. and what, we believe, was never before thought of 
 in the fitting out of any king's (hips, a confiderable 
 quantity of tea and fugar for the fick, in cafe any 
 (hould be feized with that dreadful difordcr, which 
 rendered (hip proviC'ons loathfomc to Captain James's 
 men, who were conft ained to winter in Charitori Ifland 
 in i'63l. Thefe mei fell ficjc and had fore mouths, 
 and could neither cat Secf, pork, fifh, nor potage; the 
 furgeon was every mirning and evening obliged to 
 
 Sick their teeth, and . ut away the pieces of rotten 
 elh from their gums, y ?t they could cat nothing but 
 bread pounded in a mortar, and fried in oil, on which 
 they fubfifled for feveral months. In cafe of accidents 
 of this kind, and that tea (hould fail to anfwer the pur- 
 pofes of nourifhmcnt, a quantity of portable foup was 
 likewife provided. And to complete the whole, a ftock 
 of warm cloathiiig was laid in, confining of fix fear- 
 nought jackets for each man, two milled caps, two pair 
 df fcarhought troWfers, four pair of milled ftockings, 
 and an excellent pair of boots, with a dozen pair 
 of milled mitt*, two cotton (hirts, and two hankcr- 
 chieft. 
 
 Thus equipped and provided, the command ofthe 
 Race Hor(c was given to the Hon. Conftantine Phipps, 
 as Commodore, and that of the Carcafc to Captain 
 Skifllington Lutwych 1 the firil mounting eight fix 
 pounders and 14 fwivels, burthen 3 50 tons; the latter 
 (bur fix pounders and 14 fwivels, burthen 300 tons. 
 Let us now proceed to the journal ofthe voyage. 
 
 ALL 
 
 'Ml 
 
 ^1 
 
 t 
 
 'I 
 
 vt 
 
 r V 
 
3ae CoMMoboKi PHIPPS (now Load MULORAVB'i) VOYAGE 
 
 A' 
 
 or (hn 
 
 r 
 
 1 5 
 
 W* 
 
 
 LL thing* hiing now in rradineft, the oflken on 
 hoard, iinil the men paid their bounty-money 
 
 three pound* per man, accordinK *<* ^'* Mtfitty't 
 ruy«l proclamation, for the encouragemcm of thme 
 w ho (hould voluntarily enter to underuke the voyage. 
 On the jrd of June 1773, the Commodore node the 
 lit^nat to weigh t but prcvioui to their departure, the 
 Ctrcafc having been judscd too deep to navigate thoTe 
 heavy Teas through which (he waa to paii, the Capcain 
 obtained leave from the board of Admiralty to re-land 
 10 of her complement of men, and to put afliorc fix of 
 the eight fix-poundcn with which Ine waa equipped, 
 with a quantity of proviliont, pixiportianed to the 
 number of men that it had been tnought proper to 
 difcharsc. 
 
 On Friday the 4th, being oft' Sheemefi, the wind W. 
 by N. and a frcfli breeze, they took their departure, and 
 continued their voyase without any material occurrence 
 happening till Tucfday the 1 5th, when 'he GNnmodorc 
 made the (ignal to lie to. They were then oiTBnfley 
 Illand, and many Aihing-boati from Shetland being in 
 fight, the men were invited on board, and fome filh 
 purchafcd of them at a cheap rate. 
 
 On the 1 7th, thev took a new departure from Shet- 
 land, but the day folkiwinB the fog thickened lb much, 
 that it almod approached to total darkncfi. During 
 the contintuuicc of the fog, thcQimmodorc kept tiring 
 gum and beating dnima, to prevent the Carcafi; from 
 bting conapany. Ai it wu impoiTible that one couU 
 fee the other at a (hip's length, it waa found the more 
 necclTary to repeat and rctum the firing, left they 
 fhould run foul of each other before they coukl be ap- 
 prized of their danger. About five in the morning tne 
 milt cleared up, and about nine the Commodore bcuv 
 in light, made the fignal to the Carcafe to fteer N. E. 
 They were then in latitude 60 deg. <a min. N. by ob- 
 fervation; the north end of Shetland Ifland bearing N. 
 by W. one half W. fevenor eight Icaguei. 
 
 On the 1 7th, they nbferved a fail to the N. E. which 
 the Commoilorc brought to, and fpokc with. The 
 brec7.e frcfh, the weather hazy, and the wind variable, 
 the Carcafe carricii away her main-top'maft ftudding 
 (ail van! i which, however, wu very foon fupplied. La- 
 ticiitic this dayby obfcrvation 61 deg. 5.1 min, N. 
 
 Friday the 1 8th, being in the lati:udc ot' 6j deg. 9 
 mia. N. the cloathing allowed by the govcmmeat, of 
 w hich notice has already been taken in tne introdu<5lion, 
 ua« delivered out, and oflicenu well as men received 
 t heir full proportion. This day the weather continued 
 as before. 
 
 Saturday the 19th, the weather varied to every point 
 jof the compafs, the Commodore brought to, and (poke 
 with the Carcafe. Made fail about three in the morn- 
 ing, and at nine a large fwell. Tacked and ftood to 
 the eaflward. Latitude 66 deg. 1 min. N. longitude 
 from London 33 min. W. 
 
 Sunday the 20th, they purfued their courTe to the 
 •oRward, with the wind N. W. but variablei high 
 bttnea and clear air. They were now within the 
 polar circle, and at mid-night hail an obfcrvation of the 
 liin, and found their latitude 66 deg. < t min. N. Sound- 
 ed on board the Commodore with a lead of 100 weight, 
 and a line of 780 fathom, t« which was faftened a ther- 
 mometer of Lord George Cavendifh's conftruAion. 
 They found no bottom, but the water was 1 1 deg. colder 
 at that depth than on Uic furface. The Carcafe (bunded 
 with 450 faihoms.only. 
 
 Monday 2 1 , light breezes and cloudy weath^ r. They 
 obtcrved a Whak: on the N. £. quarter, the firft they 
 had yet feen in the north fcas. The weather now be- 
 gan to fet in feverc ; the nights cold and the days cloudy. 
 The Commodore obfcrving a whaling fnow with Ham- 
 botough colours flyine, fired a (hot, and brought her to. 
 She happened to be homeward bound with feals, and 
 Mr. Wyndhain, a gentleman of fortune, who bad cm- 
 barked on board I'.ie Commodore, with a, view to pro- 
 fecute the voyage, finding nothing but foul weather and 
 heavy feas, to gratify. his curiolitv, 4nd beingwithal 
 unable to endure the fea flcknefi, took railage on board 
 .' ' '* 
 
 I 
 
 the H«H burgher, in order to return hom«i and having 
 taken leave of his friends, hv wi(hing them a happy 
 voyage, th« Snow's boat look him on board about (even 
 in the morning, and at eight the Commodoit and Car. 
 cafbpurfuad Hieir voyage. 
 
 TueAUy a, the articles of war were read on boani 
 the Carcaie. The weather began to be piercing cokl 1 
 they had reached the 70th degne of north latitude, in a 
 courfe nearly north, being only 14 minutes to the caft. 
 ward of London 1 and from their Icaviiw Shetland to 
 this day, they had feen nothii^ remarkable 1 nor had 
 any accident be&Ucn either of the (hips worth iclating, 
 eicept that of now and then fnapping a rape, or brodu 
 ing a yard I incidents eafily repaired. This dav ir 
 poured with raini the air was thKk, and the rain froze 
 as it fell. Saw a large ihip to the N. W. ftanding 
 fouthward, but wanting no infbrmation that ihe could 
 give, they purfued their voyage without fpoking to 
 
 Wednefday aj, the rain continued > the wcadwr 
 haxy I heard three guns fire at a diltance, but Taw no 
 (hip or other obJeeF. The whalea are here in no gnat 
 plenty, and few fliips appear in the open fea in pur- 
 fuit of them. They generally at this feafon frequent the 
 bays and creeks near the fhore, and only bicak away 
 when they are purfued or wounded. 
 
 On Thurfday the 34th, the Coinnu>dore changed hi* 
 courfe to E. N. E. and on the a ah, they were in lati- 
 tude 74deK- 7 "^'n- N. and in 8 deg.ja min. E. longi- 
 tude from London. Served out to the (hip's company 
 plenty of muftard, pepper, vinegar, &c. The weather 
 extremely cold and variable. At eight in the evening 
 thick fogi at two in the morning fretn breezes ; at eight 
 clear weather ; at eleven fqually , and at noon calm, with 
 fleet and fnow. 
 
 On Saturday the 36th, at midnight, they had an ob. 
 fervation, ana found themfelves in latitude 74 deg. 17 
 min. N. frcih gales, fometimes rain, fleet, and mowi 
 at feven in the morning clear weather and an open 
 fea. 
 
 Sunday 37, light airs from the fouthward, and cloudr 
 weather 1 much warmer than the preceding day. It 
 is renurkable, that the viciflitudes of heat and cold are 
 more frequent here than in the more foutherly latitudes. 
 It often changes from temperate to extreme cold; and 
 that fuddenly. 
 
 It fliould fcem likewifc. that the ice frequently 
 changes its place in thi* latitude 1 or that it ia more 
 folid near land than in the open fea t for, on the 33rd 
 of June, 1676, Capuin Wood, being more to the caft. 
 w.ird. fell in with ice right a-head, not more than a 
 league diftant. He fteercd akmg it, thinkJiw it had 
 openings, but found them to be bavs. He loundect 
 and found ground at 1 j8 fathom, foft green oar. In 
 fome places he found pieces of ice driving oflT a milp 
 from, the main body in ftran^ flupes. refembling 
 ftiips, txecs, buildings, beafts, fafhes, and even nwn* 
 The main body of ice being low and craggy, he could 
 fee hills of a blue colour at a diftance, and valleys that 
 were white as fnow. In (bme places he obferved diift 
 wood among the ice. Some of the ice he melted, 
 and found it frefli and good. This navigator never 
 could advance farther to the north ( but in (eekir^ to 
 penetrate the ice was (hip-wrecked, as has been already 
 related in the Introduction. He therefore judged tKe 
 ice impenetrable, and that land or ice furrounded the 
 pole. Qur navigators found al(b much wood in this 
 latitude floating about the (hips, and (aw great flocks 
 of birds. 
 
 Monday 38, the weather altered ; the wind weft. 
 Frcfli breezes, with rain and fleet. Latter part thick 
 
 Tucfday 39, being in latitude 78 deg. N, and in 
 loi^itude 6 drg. 39 min. E. from London, icame in 
 fight of land, when the fliipsi brought to, and the Cap- 
 tauu held aconfultation concerning their future courfe. 
 "the appearance of the land lav from E. S. E. to N. E. 
 and this day they fpoke with the Marquis of Rocking, 
 ham, Greenlandman. who by their reckoning, were 
 
 then 
 
IB 
 
 having 
 
 I a happy 
 
 :icv«ii 
 
 IwidCar. 
 
 I on boani 
 
 [ing cold I 
 
 tuuc, in a 
 
 the call- 
 
 tland to 
 
 nor had 
 
 relating, 
 
 lor brealu 
 
 kit ivf ir 
 
 |rain froze 
 
 ftanding 
 
 lihecouid 
 
 (iiiig to 
 
 weather 
 
 iit law no 
 
 no great 
 
 in pur- 
 
 jucnt the 
 
 eak away 
 
 For making DISCOVERIES towardi the NORTH P () I, E, «cc. i a 
 
 uidcloudr 
 dajr. It 
 id cold are 
 X latitudei. 
 icoldj and 
 
 then in latitude 70 df^. 40 mm. N. thatRh by that of 
 the Commodore, ineir latitude »»i<>nl^ 7II dej;. 3 min, 
 Thi« dirtcrence, It ii probable, anlcii Irnm not making 
 the proper allowance lor rrlVaiftion in thii hif(h lati- 
 Hide. The Greenlandmen prerented each ofihc Coin- 
 m^mieri with a deer anJ a half, which thev found 
 well-flavoured venifon, though not over fat. tie like- 
 wife informed, that he had jull come fromth: ce, and 
 that the day Ixforc, three whaler* had been crulhcd to 
 pirrt* by iti doling u|ion them I'uddcnly. 
 
 Wedncfday ^o,, purfued ihcir courfe. Cloudy 
 weather, l-iall paft four in the morninc founded 1 1 2 
 fiithomt, foft blue mud. At thin time lilack I'oint, To 
 called from iu d.irk appearaiKc, born N. K. by K. three 
 nuarteri E. at the diltanec of fcvcn or einht leaf(uci. 
 At half part fevcn in the morning, f:uv two fail in the 
 N. W. quarter. At half part twelve tacked and (Inod 
 to the calh Sounded, and found ground at 11 5 
 fathom. 
 
 Thurfday July I, lijjht breeze* and clear weather at 
 midnight: the fun aa bright as at noonday. Black 
 Point E. one half S. dillant fcven league*. At three 
 in the morning made Charle*'* Ifland, and at nine faw 
 a fail to the weftward whaU ing 1 they were then in 
 latitude 78 dcg. 18 min. N. byobfcrvation. Sounded, 
 and foiiml (he fame depth a* before. 
 
 Friday 3, light air* and moderate weather. Lay to 
 and took the altitude of a mountain, which they named 
 Mount Pamaflu* 1 found it from the level of the fea 
 to be 3960 feet high, covered with fnow, and at a 
 diftancc refenibling un ancient building, witn fome- 
 thing like a turret a-top. The foot of tni* mountain, 
 with the hillt adjoining, have fometimes a very fiery 
 appearance, and the ice and fnow on their fldei re- 
 re:iil>ling tree* and (hrubs, gliftcn with a brilliancy that 
 exceed the fplendor of the brighted gem*. When 
 thi* h,ippcn*, a violent (lorm generally fuccecd*. Here 
 they fliot foii.e fea IumI, but of an oily tafte. 
 
 Saturday 3, proved a perfedl calm. They fpoke 
 with a H(»l!ander, who foretold, that a degree or two 
 fiirther north was the utmoll extent of their urogrcft 
 this feafon. Having doubled Cape Cold, they an- 
 'choied in 15 fathom water, about three mile* from the 
 land, and fent the boats alhorc for water, which they 
 found in abundance, pouring down in little ftreams 
 from the rocks. At five in the afternoon, by the mean 
 of four azimuth*, the variation was found to be 1 8 dcg. 
 36 min. W. Sounded, and found only 6( fathoms, 
 loft brown mud. Mount Parnaflus E. N. E. three or 
 four leagues. Among other reafons which Captain 
 Wood gave for williing to be employed on the dif- 
 covery of the N. E. palTage, one wa*, that he might 
 have an opportunity of approaching the pole, in onJer 
 to fettle an hypothefis, which he had long framed, 
 whereby the inclination of the magnetical neralc under 
 the horizon, in all latitudes and m all longitude*, with 
 the variation of the compaft, might be eiia<!:ily deter- 
 mined. This navigator imagined two magnetical 
 poles to exift : and that, by approaching the one,' he | ^ 
 ihould be able to determine the a^ion of the other. 
 It docs not appear, that he ever explained his hypo- 
 thefisi and there never has been but one man, whofe 
 name was Williams. (1 nee his tiinc, who pretended to 
 know any thing of the matter. 
 
 Sunday 4, light breezes and hazey weathrr. '; fund- 
 ed, and only 20 fathom* deep; rocky ground, i-iacluit's 
 Headland, or the northermoft point of Spitibergen, 
 bearing N. by E. feven leaguei. Many whalers in 
 light. Latitude by obfervation 79 deg. 34 min. N. 
 longitude from London 8 deg. lomin. £. Thermo- 
 meter 47. 
 
 Monday 5, at two in the afternoon founded, and only 
 1 5 fathom water; rocky ground. Thick fog. The 
 Race Horfe fired guns as fignals to keep company, 
 which were anfwercd by the Carcafc. A dreadful 
 crackling was heard at a diftancc, which proved the 
 dalhing and grinding of the loofe pieces of ice againll 
 each other, which it heard at many leagues diifance. 
 Haduit's Headland S. £. by S. diftance fix or fevcn 
 leagues. 
 
 No. 39. 
 
 Tuefday 6, proved very foguy j the brcrrr* ni,;ht, 
 and illaiuivof ice brginniiig u> apixar. At three In 
 the alirrnonn the ConuiMMlorc haulc«l up from a large 
 b<xly of packed icc, and the fog thickening, both Ihipt 
 kept tiring volley* of fiiiall arm*, to prevent their loling 
 company. At half pall ten in the rvcning. the e«- 
 trcnu* of the ice nrrt< hing from N. W. to F. N. E. 
 the Comnnodorc Iwire away 1 and at half |)aft twelve lofl 
 light of it. At half uan one in the morning heard a 
 violent furf to the S. E. At two tackeil and ftood to 
 the wellward. At half part five the fog gathering, 
 they begin firing volley* of fniall arm*. At fix faw 
 ihe ice llrctrhing from E. by S. to N. by E. and at 
 feven wa* within light of land. At ten Cloven Cliff 
 Hood E S. E. diilanc about five or fix leagues. 
 
 Wednefday the 7th, the weather cloudy. They 
 found themfelve* belct among the loofe ice, which in- 
 crealing continually, gave tTiem incredible trouble. 
 Obferving that it thickened to the eaftward, they hauled 
 up, and Rood to the weflwardi but in tacking, they 
 were in danger of running frtul. It wao with dilli- 
 culty they could keep any courfe, for the drift* of icc 
 cuinc fo thick, at to whirl the fliips about, as if in a 
 whirl.p<x>l. 
 
 Thurfday 8, the weather Rill remaining cloudy, and 
 the wind variable, both fliius ftill were entangled in 
 the ice I and the Carcafc being driven to leeward, 
 hoidcd out her long-boat to tow up with the Com- 
 modore. But the icc clofing very fatt, it was impolTi- 
 ble for the boat* to live. Order* were then given to 
 tack ind ftand to the fouthward 1 but the Ihip* not 
 bein^ ible to make head r.^ inlV the accumulation of 
 ice r.i.it continually garherco round them, were under 
 a nccunt/ of -pplyii.,_ to their ice anchor* and pole*, 
 in order to wap thioi' ,,h it. At half pall right in the 
 evening, the ii\; beg. .ning to open, they again hoilled 
 out th. f boats, ?-\ with difbculty . ved the fliips 
 round a cape of i< c projeiilin ,om ti\.' main body, 
 and at laft got tie.ir. At ten ■ l)oats were hoilled on 
 board. In cxtricatiiigrh. 'eves from this daiigerout 
 fituation, the Race l-iorfe id her beft bower-anchor 
 fnapt in the fba • . c ufc to the Hock, »■ the Carcafc 
 loft her ftarbo.1 .'. t>><;;'pkin and head-ra; 
 
 It frequent!' hap^. ns, that (hipt befet amoni^ the 
 ice in the manner above related, pcrifli by being dai' rd 
 to piecet againft the folid fields of icc, or crulhcd b/ ., . 
 broken piecet crowding upon one another, and rifing 
 fo fall about the fhip, as to exceed the height of her 
 fides, and then there is no efcaping. They were told 
 by fomc cxperirnced feamen, that the ice rifes out of 
 the fea as higi .bmetimcs as mountains 1 and that 
 fevcrat of thele mountains, by flriking together and 
 coalefcing, form thcfc iflands of icc that arc frequently 
 feen in the lower latitudes, driving up and down the 
 fea u the wind and tides diredl them. 
 
 Thcgreateft danger to be apprehended, it, however, 
 from the loofe icei for the whalert often moor their 
 fhipt to the folid fields of ice, that at certain feafona 
 r- ; -n to reft upon the earth, and appear fixed to it, and 
 
 : re find the beft fifbing. In fuch fituationt it often 
 iiappcnt, that little or no loofe icc it to be fecn ; yet 
 prelcntly upon a change of wind, or the blowing of a 
 ftorm, it fliall pour in upon them (o fuddenly, that they 
 fometimet perift) in it. It is not pofTiblc ta account for 
 the aftoniftiing quantity that will gather in this manner 
 in left than an hour's ume. 
 
 Though it feeri'.s to be agreed, that many of the 
 largcft fields of icc are frozen to the depth of the fea 
 in which they are found, and that they are bedded on 
 the folid earth, vet it it equally certain, that they are 
 often rent afunder by the raging billowt ; and that in 
 breaking, they produce the moft terrifying noife in 
 nature \ luy, it is afferted, that the dalhing ot the pieces 
 of loofe ice againft each other, on any cxtraordinaiy 
 agitation of tne waves, it attended with a roaring 16 
 loud, that a man who it near it can hardly hear the 
 found of hi* own voice. 
 
 Friday the 9th, they hauled up to the weftward, and 
 loft light one of the other i but about nine next morn- 
 ing they came in fight, and joined<ompany. The 
 ♦ M weather 
 
 Mi 
 
 i'i 
 
 I 
 
 % ■; 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 - ^1; i 
 
it I In;. 
 
 322 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULORAVE's) VOYAGE 
 
 P ■' i 
 
 n.ii 
 
 weather being now piercing cold, the people had an 
 additional quantity of porter and branuy delivered to 
 them ; two quarts of porter and a pint of brandy be- 
 ing now every man's daily allowance. 
 
 Saturday July the loih, the breeze frcfli, and the 
 weather cloudy. They failed between numbcrlefs 
 
 Eicces of ice, among which tliey faw fcveral whales, 
 ut none of the whalers in purfuitof them. The ice 
 now becoming folid and compact, they found it im- 
 pradicable to continue their courfe. And the dif- 
 covery of a pall'age to the pole in that dircdion (upon 
 holding a confultation) appearing impnufticable to 
 every officer on board of both (hips, the Commodore, 
 at feven in the evening, hauled clofe to the wind; and 
 the Carcafe, as foon as flie could extricate herfclf fol- 
 lowed his example. The weather continuing foggy, 
 with rain and fnow, the failors were almoft worn out 
 w ith turning and winding ; and although they ufed the 
 utmoll precaution in working through the narrows, yet 
 they could not always avoid linking againtl the moun- 
 tains that every where furrounded them. During this 
 night's work, they fleered a hundred differei.t courfes, 
 to follow the channels. 
 
 Sunday 1 1, having worked out of the ice, they failed 
 along the main body, which appeared perfedly folid 
 and comp.nCt, without any pafTage or inlet. Thisim- 
 inenfc ma'i of ice extended N. E. as far as they could 
 fee from the mart-head ; and, no doubt, might be a con- 
 tinuation of that in which they were engaged a few 
 days before. The fca was now tolerably clear, for they 
 met with no more fields, and only a few detached 
 iflands. At half pall one in the morning they faw the 
 kmd from S. by W. to S. S E. At three in the morn- 
 ing they tacked ; Cloven Clitf bearing S. S. E. (ix miles. 
 At feven tacked again. At eight the Commodore bore 
 away, and the Carcafe flood after him. Cloven Cliff 
 S. one half W. two or three leagues, latitude 79 deg. 
 56 min. N. 
 
 Monday 12, at eight in the evening Cloven Cliff 
 bearing W. S. VV. four or five miles, they founded in 
 1 5 fathoms water, and found a rocky bottom. Saw 
 fcveral Engliili and Dutch Greenlanders at anchor in 
 the Norw ays : That lieing their rendezvous to the north- 
 ward, they never chufc to proceed farther. Here they 
 found the current fetting fo faft to eaflward, that they 
 were forced tocoinc to an anchor to keep from drifting 
 on the ice; the fwell from weflward being fo great, that 
 iiad that happencil, it would of confcquence have ftaved 
 the lliips. At five in the morning a breeze from N. N. 
 E. fprmging up, they weighed, and made fail. At 
 eight Hjcluit's Headland W. S. W. one half W. fix 
 ui feven leagues, at noon, latitude 80 deg. 3 min. N. 
 
 Tuefday 1 3, the weather Ucing clear and calm, and 
 a flrong eaflcrly current fetting in, at eight in the 
 evening they came to with their ftream anchors and 
 haufcrs In forty tiithoms water; but at nine a breeze 
 fpringing up from the t-aflward, they weighed, and next 
 tlay came to an anchor in Smearingburgh Harbour. 
 Cloven ClirtE. one half S. one mile. Weft point of 
 Vooglc Land N. N. VV. one half W. diflant one mile 
 anJ a half; Ibundings 1 j fathom, fandy bottom. 
 
 1 icrc they remained between live and fix days to take 
 in frclh water, during which time our ioumalifl was 
 CJnployed in furveyii^j; the country, which to a ftranger 
 had a very awful and romantic appearance. 
 
 The country is Honey, and as far as can be feen full 
 of mountains precipices and nKks. Between thefe 
 arc hills of ice, generated, as it Ihould fecm. by the 
 torrents that flow from the melting of the fnow on 
 the lides of thofe towering elevations, which being 
 once congealed, are continually increafed by the fnow 
 in winter, and the rain in lummer, which often freezes 
 as foon as it fails. By looking on thefe hills, a ftnnger 
 may fancy a thoufand different fliapes of trees, caftlc<, 
 churches, ruins, lliips, wltales, inonflers, and all the 
 various forms that fill the univerfe. Of the ice-hills 
 there are feven, that more particularly attrad the 
 notice of a ftranger. Thefe are known by the name 
 of the Seven Iceburgs, and arc thoujjht to be the 
 I 
 
 higheft of the kind in that country. When the air i> 
 clear, and the fun fliincs full upon thefe mountains, 
 the profped is inqonceivably brilliant. They fome- 
 times put on tht bright glow of the evening rays of 
 the fetting fun, when reflcdcd upon glafs, at his going 
 down; fometimes they appearof a bright blue, like fap- 
 phire, and fometimes like the variable colours of a 
 prifm, exceeding in luftrc the richert gems in the world, 
 difpofed in Ihapes wonderful to behold, all glittering 
 with a luftre that dazzles the eye, and (ills the air with 
 aflonifliing brightnefs. 
 
 Smearingburgh harbour, where they landed, was firll 
 difcoveredby the Dutch. Here they ereded Ihedsand 
 conveniences for boiling the oil from the fat of the 
 whales, inftead of barrelling it up to be boiled at home. 
 Here alfo, allured by the hope of gain, they built a vil- 
 lage, and endeavoured to fix a colony: but the firft 
 fettlers all pcriflied in the enfuing winter. The re- 
 mains of the village may be traced to this day ; and 
 their ftoves, kettles, kardels, troughs, ovens, and other 
 implements, remained in the fliape of folid ice long 
 after the utcnfils themfelves were decayed. Our 
 voyagers were told, that the Ruffians have lately at- 
 tempted the fame thing, and that loout of 1 5 periflied 
 laft winter in this fecond attempt. 
 
 Where every objed is new. it is not eafy fora ftranger 
 to fix which firft to admire. The rocks are flriking 
 objedls: before a florm they exhibit a fiery appearance, 
 and the fun looks pale upon them, the fnow giving the 
 air a bright rcfledion. Their fummits are a'moft 
 always involved in clouds, fothat it is but juft poflibic 
 to fee the tops of them. Some of thefe rocks are but 
 one ftone from bottom to top, appearing like an old 
 decayed ruin. Others conlift of huge maffes, veined 
 differently, like marble, with red, white, and yellow, 
 and probably, were they to be fawed and poliflicd. 
 would equal, if not excel, the fineft Egyptian marble 
 we now fo much admire. Perhaps the diflancc and 
 danger of carrying large blocks of ftones, may be the 
 realon that ho trials have been made to manufadlure 
 them. On the foutherly and wefterly fides of thefe 
 rocks grow all the planu, herbs, and moffes peculiar 
 to this country ; on the northerly and eaftcrly fides 
 the wind ftrikes fo cold when it blows from thefe 
 quarters, that it pcriflies every kind of vegetable. 
 "Thefe plants grow to perfedion in a very ftiort time. 
 Till the middle of May the whole country is locked up 
 in ice; about the beginning of July the plants arc in 
 flower, and about the latter end of the fame month, or 
 bcginninsof Auguft, they have perfeded their feed. 
 The earth owes its fertility, in a great mcafuie, to 
 the dung of birds, who build and breed their young 
 here in the fummcr, and in the winter repair to more 
 favourable climates. 
 
 Ihe plants that are moft common in Spitftx:rgen arc 
 fcurvy-graft and crows-toot; there are befides fmall 
 houfe-leak, and a plant with aloe-leaves; an herb like 
 ftone-crop ; fome fmall fnake-weed ; moufe-car ; wotod- 
 ftrawbcry; periwinkle; and a herb peculiar to the 
 country which they call the rock>plant. The leaves 
 of this plant are in ihape like a man's tongue, above fix 
 (eit long, of a dull yellow colour. The ifalk is round 
 and fmooth, and of the fame colour with the leaf; it 
 rifes tapering, and fmells like mufcles. It is an aquatic, 
 and riles iniieight in proportion to the depth of water 
 in which it is found. There arc other plants and herbs, 
 but thefe arc the chief. Of flowers, the white poppy 
 feems the principal. 
 
 The rocks and precipices are full of fiffures and 
 clefts, which afford convenient harbour for birds to lay 
 their eggs, and breed their young in fafety, MoA of 
 thefe birds are water-fowl, and feck their food in the 
 fca. Some, indeed, are birds of prey ; and purfue and 
 kill others for their own fufteoancc, but thefe arc rare. 
 The wat«r-fowl eat ftrong and filhy, and their fat i« 
 not to be endured. They ar:- fo numerous about the 
 rocks, as fometimes to darken the air when they rife 
 in flocks; and they fcreaia fo horribly, that the rocki 
 ring with their notfe. 
 I There 
 
For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &c. 323 
 
 I ■■ - '-- ■--- - , 
 
 Thcfc 
 
 There are a few fmall bird* like our fnipcs, and a 
 kind of fnow-bird, but different from that found about 
 Hudfon's bay. 'The ecntlenicu (hot fomc of the water- 
 fowl, but they were iTrong and ill-iafted. 
 
 The ice-bird is a very beautiful little bird, but very 
 rare. He is in fize and (hapc like a turtle-dove, but 
 his plumaRC, when the fun Ihines upon hiin, is of a 
 bright yellow, like the eoldcn rinc in the peacocks 
 tail, and almoft daxiles the eye to look upon it. 
 
 The other inhabitants of this forlorn country arc 
 white bears, deer, and fo::cs. How thcfc creatures 
 can fubfil^ in the winter, when the whole earth is co- 
 vercfl with fnow, and the fea locked up in ice, is 
 hardly to be conceived. It has been faid, indeed, that 
 when the ocean is all frozen over, and no fuftcnancc 
 fo be procured in this country, they travel foutherly to 
 the warmer climates, where food proper for them 
 abounds in the immenfc forefts of the northern con- 
 tinent. But whoever confiders the vaft diftancc be- 
 tween Spittbergen and the neareft parts of the northern 
 continent, will be as much at a lois to account for the 
 fubfiftencc of thcfc creatures in their journoy, as in the 
 defolate region where they undoubtedly remain. The 
 bear is by ftr the bell accommodated to the climate of 
 which he is an inhabitant. He is equally at home on 
 land and water, and hunts diligently for his prey in 
 both. In fuinmer he finds plenty of food from the re- 
 fufcof the whales, fea-horfcs and feals, which is thrown 
 into the fea by the whalers, and cover the (horcs during 
 the time of whaUng ; and thev have befidcs a wonder- _ 
 ful fagacity in fmelling out the carcafes of the dead,' 
 let them be ever fo deeply buried in the earth, or co- 
 vered with (tones. The dead therefore that annually 
 are buried here may contribute, in fomc degree, to the 
 fubfillcncc of a few' of thcfc creatures in winter ; but the 
 queftion will ftill recur, how the race of them fubfifted 
 before the whale-fifhery had exiftencc, and before men 
 found the way to this inhofpitable (hore. Dif^uifitions 
 of this kind, as they arc beyond the reach ot human 
 comprchenlion, fervc only to raife our admiration of 
 that omnipotent Being to whom nothing is impolTiblc. 
 
 Thcfc creatures, -s they differ in nothing but their 
 colour and (ize from tl. '<fc commonly (hewn in England, 
 need no dcfcription. 
 
 The foxes differ little in (hape from thofc we are ac- 
 i|uainted with, but in colour there is no fimilitudc. 
 Their heads are black, and their bodies white. As 
 they are beads of prey, if they do not provide in fum- 
 mer for the long recefs of winter, it were, mt would 
 think, almoff impodible for them to furvivrf^Fyet they 
 •re feen in plenty, though, by their fubtlcty and fwift- 
 nefs, they are not eafy to be catched. 
 
 The Dutch feamcn report, that when they are hun- 
 gry they will feign themlclvcs dcid, and when the ra- 
 venous birds come to feed upon them, they rife and 
 make them their prey. 
 
 But the mod wonderful thing of ail is, how the deer 
 can furvive an eight months tamine. Like ours they 
 feed upon nothing that can be perceived, but the vegc- 
 rables which the eanh fpontaneoufly produces ; and 
 yet for eight months in the year, the earth produces 
 neither plant, herb, fhrub, or blade of any kind of 
 ffrafs whatever. They are, befides, but thinly cloathcd 
 for fo fevcre a climate, and what feemt (\iil worfe, 
 there is not a bud) to be feen to fliclter them, within 
 the di(hince that any man has yet difcovctvd. The 
 means of their (Ubfidcnce mud therefore remain among ' 
 the fccrets of nature, never to be difclofed, as no hu- 
 man being can ever live here, fo as to Ix able to trace 
 ihefc creatures to their winter's rclidence. 
 
 Amphibious creatures abound the mod about the 
 founds and bayi of Spittbergen, and they licem bed 
 adapted to eixHire the climate. - Thefc are the feals, 
 or lu dogi, wd morfes, or fea horfes ; of which the 
 whalert avail themfclves, when difappointed in com- 
 pleaiiftg their Ming with the fat of whales. 
 
 ThcTeal h fiiflkiently known 1 but the fea-horib, as 
 it i* a creature peculiar to high latiiudes, it therefore 
 more nu«. It u not eafy to hj bow he came by hit 
 
 M 
 
 name; for there is no more likcnefs between a fea- 
 horfe and a land-horfc, than there is between a whale 
 and an elephant. The fea-horfe is not unlike the feal 
 in fliape. He has a large round head, lai^er than that 
 of a bull, but diapcd more like that of a pug-dog with- 
 out ears, than any other animal we arc acquainccd with. 
 He tapers all the way down to the tail, like the (i(h we 
 call a lump, and his (ize is equal to that of the larged 
 (ized ox. His tu(ks clofe over his under jaw, like thofc 
 of a very old boar, and arc in length from one foot to 
 two or more, in proportion to the lizc and age of the 
 animal that breeds them. His fkin is thicker than that 
 of a bull, and covered with (hort inoufc-coioured hair, 
 which is flecker and thicker, jud as he happens to be 
 in or out of fcafon when he is caught. His paws, be- 
 fore and behind, are like thofc of a mole, and fervc 
 him for oars when he fwims, and for legs to crawl when 
 he goes upon the ice, or on diore. He is a fierce ani« 
 mal, but being unwcildy when on land, or on the ice, 
 is cafily overcome. 
 
 Thefe animals are always found in herds, fometimcs 
 of many hundreds together, and ifone is attacked, the 
 red make a common caufc, and dand by one another 
 till the lad cafp. If they are attacked m the water, 
 they will fight defperately, and will even attempt the 
 boats of their purfuers, if any of them are wounded, 
 and not mortally. Some of them have been known to 
 make holes in the bottom of the boat with their tuHis, 
 in defence of their young. Their eyes arc large, and 
 they have two holes in the upper part of the neck, out 
 of which they cjeiit the water, in like manner as it is 
 ejedied by whales. 
 
 Though the fea about Spitdxrgen is full of fifli, yet 
 they rather appear to be deligned by Providence for the 
 fulVciuncc of one another, than for the food of man. 
 The mackarel, of which there are no great plenty, (iem 
 not only to be the mod wholefome, and the mod pala- 
 table, but alfo the mod beautiful. They fecm to be a 
 different fpecies to thofc caught upon our coads. The 
 upper part of the back is of a vivid blue ; the other part 
 as low as the belly of a gem-like green or an azure 
 ground. Underneath the belly the colour is a tranfpa- 
 rcnt white, and the fins diine like poliflied filver. All the 
 colours glow when alive in the fea with fuch a richnel^, 
 that fancy can hardly form to itfelf any thing in nature 
 more beautiful. Almod all the other fidi on this coaft 
 are of an oily nature, and oFa very indifferent flavour. 
 
 The faw, or fword-fifli. is remarkable not only for 
 the odditv of his fliape, but alfo for his enmity to the 
 whale. This fifli takes his name from a broad flat 
 bone, in length from two to four feet, which projects 
 fiom his no(e, and tapers to a point. On each fide, it 
 has teeth like a comb, at the didance of a finger's 
 breadth afunder. He is alfo furnilhed with a double 
 row of fins, and is of adonilhing drength in the water. 
 His length from ten to twenty feet. He feems to be 
 formed for war, and war is his profeflion. The con- 
 flict betwixt him and the whale is dreadful, yet he 
 never gives over till his fword is broken, or he comes 
 off vidrorious. 
 
 The whale is a harmlefs fifli, and is never known to 
 fight but in his own defence. Yet when he is exafpe- 
 ratcd, he rages dreadfully. Though from his magni- 
 tude, he may be called the fovereign of the feas s yet, 
 like other fovereigns, he is liable to be vexed and hurt 
 by the meaaed reptiles. The whale's loufc is a moft 
 tormenting little animal. Its fcales arc as hard as thofe 
 of our prawns ; its head is like the loufe's head, with 
 four horns, two that fervc as feelers, the other two are 
 hard, and curved, and fervc as clenchcrs to fix him to 
 the whale. On his ched, underneath, he has two 
 carvers like fcythes, with which he colledh his food, 
 and behind thefc are four feet, that fervc him for oars. 
 He has, moreover, fix other clenchcrs behind, with 
 which he can rivet himlcif fo clofely to his prey, that 
 he can no othcrwife be difengaged, but by cutting out 
 the whole piece to which he is joined. He is jointed 
 on the back like-the tail of a lobdcr, and his tailcovers 
 him like a ihidd when he is feeding. He fixes himfelf 
 
 on 
 
 
1 
 
 124. 
 
 Com Men' 
 
 PHll'PS (v'w L.RO MULGRAVEs) VOYAGE 
 
 I. ' I 
 
 i|> 
 
 m ,■ 
 
 I 
 
 en the tcntlcrcil parts ot' the wiaic s boviy, bciwet.ii his 
 fins, on his Ihcath. and on his lips, and cats pieces out 
 of his Helh, as if eaten by vultures. 
 
 They found no fpiings of frcrti water in Spitlbcrgen ; 
 but in the valleys, between the mountains, are niuny 
 little rilU cau;td by the rain and melting of the fnow in 
 fummcr ; and from thefc rills the ihips arc fupplied. 
 Some arc of opinion, that this water is unwholclbme, 
 but they are more nice than wife. The whaling peo- 
 ple have drank of it for ages, and have found no ill 
 efteifls from the ufe of it. Ice taken up in the middle 
 of thcfe feas and thawed, yields alfo good frefli water. 
 
 On boarxl the Race Horfe, Dr. Irvtnc, the gentleman 
 who received the premium by a grant of parliament, 
 for his difcovcry of an eafy procefs for making falt- 
 water frelh at fea, tried many experiments at Spitf> 
 bcrgcn, and in the courfe of the voyage: the refult of 
 which will appear at a proper time. That gentleman 
 had formed a projcd tor preferving flelh-meat frelh 
 and fwcct in long voyages, but it did not anfwcr in 
 this. 
 
 In calm weather they remarked, that the fea about 
 the iflands appeared uncommonly ftill and fmooth; 
 that it was not fuddcnly moved at the firft approach of 
 blowing weather ; but that when the ftorm continued, 
 the waves fwelled gradually, and rofe to an incredible 
 height. Thefc fwelling waves fucccflively follow one 
 another, and roll along before the wind, foaming and 
 raging in a frightful manner, yet they are thought lefs 
 dangerous than thofe that break ibort, and are lefs 
 mountainous^ 
 
 1 hey obfcrved likcwifc, that the ice that reded on 
 the ground was not ftationary, but that it changed 
 place i and they learnt alio, that in fome feafons there 
 was no ice, where this fcafon they were in danger of 
 being embayed. There docs not, however, from thence 
 appear the lead reafon to conclude, that any pradti- 
 Cible paifagc tv the Indian ocean can ever be found m 
 this direction j for were it certain that the feas were 
 always open under the pole, yet great bulwarks of ice 
 evidently lurround it funictimcs at a lefs, and fome- 
 tinies at a greater dillance. Moreover, were it pof- 
 fible that chance (hould diteti fome fortunate adven- 
 turer to an opening at one time, it would be more than 
 a million to one, if the fame opening were paflable to 
 the next who fliould attempt it. 
 
 There are many harbours about Spitlbergen, befides 
 that of Smcaringburg, where fliips employed in the 
 whale fifliery take flicker in llormy weather; and there 
 are fonic ilVands, fuch as Charles's Ifland, the Gifted 
 Rock, ReJ-Hili, Hacluit's Headland, &c. that fcrve 
 as land-marks, by which feamen dircd their courfe. 
 Tlicfc illands arc full of the nefts ot birds; but their 
 eggs are as naufcous as the flelh of the fowls that lay 
 them. The failors fomctimes eat them, but they are 
 tiliiiy food. Even the geefe and ducks on the neigh- 
 bouring illands cat fifliy and ftrong. 
 
 The air about Spitlbergen is never free from ificlcs. 
 If you look through the lun-bcams tranfverfel; as you 
 fit in the ihade, or where you fee the rays confined in 
 a body, inftead of dark motes, as are leen here, you 
 fee myriads of fliining particles that fparkle like dia- 
 monds ; and when the fun ihincs hot, at it fomctimes 
 docs, fo as to melt the tar in the feams of (hips when 
 they lie ihcltered from the wind, thefe (hining atoma 
 fecm to melt away, and dcfccnd like dew. 
 
 It is feldom that the air continues clear for many 
 days together in this climate ; when that happens, the 
 whalers are generally fuccefsful. There is no differ- 
 ence between night and day in the appearance of the 
 atmofphere about Spitlbergen, one bemg as light as 
 the other, only when the fun is to the northward, you 
 may look at him with the naked eye, as at the moon, 
 without duKKling. The fogs here come on fo fuddenly, 
 that from bright fun-lhine, you are prefcntly involved 
 in fuch obfcurity, that you can hardly fee from one 
 end of the fliip to the other. 
 
 While our lournalid was bufy in makiiw hii obfcr- 
 vations, all belonging to the fliipt were diKrcntly co- 
 
 cj;agcd in one employment or other; fome in taking in 
 water, fome in filliing, fome in huntinj^, fome in 
 handing the fails, and fpreading thcni out to dry, 
 fome ill fcnibbing the fliip, and fome in viewing the 
 country. The Commanders and oHicers, with Mr. 
 Lyon, Mr. Robinfon, &c. buficd themfclves in making 
 obfervntions, being furnifhcd with an apparatus, that 
 is fnid to have cod at lead 1 5CX} pounds. From iuch a 
 fet of indruments, in the hands of the abled obferven, 
 the nation can boad, fome very confiderable difcoverics 
 in the phenomena of the polar regions may be cxpcdU 
 ed. They landed their indruments in a fmall illand. 
 in Vogle Sound, and had fever?! opportunities during 
 their day of ufing them to advantage. Having eredtea 
 two tents, the Captains from the filhcry frccjuently 
 viflted the obfervers, and cxprclFed their adnuration 
 not only at the pcrfc(^li6n of the indruments, but 
 likewife at die dexterity w ith which they were accom- 
 modated. 
 
 The ice began to fet in a-pacc, yet the weather was 
 hot. The thermometer from 56 in the cabin rofe to 
 90 in the open air. It was dill 10 drg. higher on the 
 top of a mountain to which it was carried. The ifland 
 on which the experiments were made, they called 
 Marble Ifland, from the rock by which it is formed. 
 Having watered, and finifhed their obfervations, the 
 (hips prepared to depart. 
 
 Monday July the 19th. the Commodore made the 
 lignal to weigh; at two in the ademoon the (hips were 
 under lail, and as foon as they had made their offing, 
 dood to the eadward. At three they tacked and deer- 
 ed northward; and before four were again entangled 
 among the loofc ice, through which they failed, di- 
 recting their courfe along the main body, whick lay from 
 N.W.toS. S. E. 
 
 Tucfday the 20th, they continued their courfe along 
 the ice, but could difcover no opening, though they 
 fcarchcd every creek, and left no bay or turning un- 
 examined. This day they obfcrved what the failors 
 call a mock-fun, a phirnomenon well enough known in 
 this climate. Hacluit's Headland bore S. W. one half 
 S. 46 leagues ; the weather cloudy, with rain ; cxcefTive 
 cold. Thermometer 37 dcg. 46 min. 
 
 Wcdnefday the 2 id, the feverity of the weather in- 
 creadng, an additional quantity of brandy was fcrved 
 out to the people, and every comfortable refrefhment 
 adbrded them, that they themfclves could wifh or re- 
 quire. The courfe of the ice lay this day N. E. 
 
 Thurfday 22, nothing remarkable. 
 
 Fridaythe 23rd, they faw land from E. by S. to S. 
 £. by S. At tour in the morning, Hacluit's HeiKlland 
 bore S. E. 10 leagues; the wind variable, and the 
 weather cold, with fleet and fnow. Thermometer 40 
 
 deg. 
 
 Sunday 3S> . _ 
 
 weather, and were engaged among fome pieces of ice. 
 
 jnday 3(, they had gentle breezes, with cloudy 
 
 feparated from the main body, which kept them con- 
 tinually tacking and lufllii^. At length they entered 
 among mountains and illands of ice, which came 
 upon them fo fad, that it was with the utmod diff.c;.!- 
 ty they could proceed ; the Carcafe having feveral times 
 (truck againd them with fuch violence, at to raife her 
 head four feet out of the water. They now imagined, 
 from the folidity and extent of thefe iflands, that the 
 late drong gales had caufed a fcpanition from the 
 main body, the Commodore therefore changed his 
 courfe with a drong gale to the eadward ; in the morn- 
 ing the weather became moderate. 
 
 Monday 26, at fcven in the morning, they came in 
 fight of Red Hill, a fmall nnount which commands an 
 open idain, known by the name of Decrs Field, by rea- 
 fon of its futile appearance, it being the only fixx on 
 which they dtw no drifts of fnow. To the eadward lies 
 Muffin's Ifland. Here they founded, and found 4$ 
 fiithoms water; rocky ground. Captain Lutwych fenc 
 out tha longboat, with orders to foundalongtn«lhor«. 
 and to exuninc the foil. This ifland Bi «Mut « mile 
 long, very low, and looks at a difhnce UJce a black 
 fpeck. I'hough the Ibil is modly fandand Igolie dones. 
 
in taking in 
 n;,', fofne in 
 out to dry, 
 viewing the 
 , with JVlr. 
 es in making 
 paratus, that 
 From luch a 
 :ft obfervcri, 
 Ic difcovcries 
 y be cxpciU 
 fniall illand. 
 initics during 
 aving ercdcd 
 ry frci^uentl/ 
 admiration 
 uments, buc 
 were accom- 
 
 weathcr waa 
 
 :abin rofc to. 
 
 higher on the 
 
 The ifland 
 
 they called 
 it is formed, 
 rvations, the 
 
 )re made the 
 hc(hi]>s were 
 ; their offing, 
 ed and flcer- 
 lin entangled 
 ry failed, di- 
 hick lay from 
 
 courfe along 
 though ihcy 
 turning un- 
 it the lailors 
 igh known ia 
 I. W, one half 
 iiin s exceflive 
 
 e weather in- 
 ly was fervcd 
 : refreflimcnt 
 i wifli or re- 
 N.E. 
 
 . by S. to S. 
 t's Heidland 
 blc, and the 
 rmometcr 40 
 
 with cloudy 
 liecei of ice, 
 )t them con- 
 they entered 
 irhich came 
 10ft difr.ci.l- 
 feveral times 
 I to raife her 
 w imagined, 
 ids, that the 
 n from the 
 ;hanged his 
 Ji the mom- 
 
 hcycamein 
 tnmuidt an 
 ield, by rca- 
 Niiy fpot on 
 iftward lies 
 1 found 4j 
 utwych fenc 
 igthvflwre. 
 WMt* aiile 
 Jce a black 
 loofe flonei, 
 and 
 
 For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH I'OLE, occ. 325 
 
 tnd hardly fo much as a green weed upon it, yet it is 
 remarkable for the number of birds that rcfort to it in 
 fummer to lay their eggs, and breed their young; and 
 thefe not of one kind only, but of many different forts, 
 as geefe, ducks, burgomafters, ice-birds, malamucks, 
 kirmews, rotgers, and almoft every other fpccics of 
 biids peculiar to the climate : infomuch, that the eggs 
 wete m numerous, and lay (o thick upon the ground, 
 that the men who landed found it difficult to walk 
 without filling their ihoes. 
 
 While the crew of the boat, 10 in .number, with their 
 Valiant officer at their head, were examining the ifland, 
 after having founded the fliores, they obferved two 
 white bears making towards them, one upon the ice, 
 the other in the water. Major Buz. for that was their 
 officer's travelling title, like Falflaif, was always the 
 botdeft man in company over a cup of fack, and mind- 
 ed killing a bear no more than killing a gnat : brt 
 feeing the hears approach very faft, efpecially thit 
 which came in the water, he ordered his men to fir>. 
 while yet the enemy was at a dtftance, as he did not 
 think it prudent to hazard the lives of his little com- 
 pany in clofe iight. All of them pointed their muf- 
 Kets, and fome of the party obeyed orders ; but the 
 greater part judging it fafer to depend upon a rcferved 
 Are, when they had feemingly difcharged their pieces, 
 pretended to retreat. The Major, a full fathom in the 
 Dclly, endeavoured to waddle afler his companions ; 
 but being foon out of breath, and feeing the bear that 
 came in the water had Jud renched the (hore, thought 
 «f nothing now but falling the firfl facrifice. His hair 
 alieady flood an end ; and looking behind him, he faw 
 the bear at no great diftance, with his nofe in the air 
 fnuffing the fcent. He had all the reafon in the world 
 to believe it was him that he fcented,and he had fcarce 
 breath enough left to call to his men to halt. In this 
 critical fituation he unfortunately dropt his gun, and 
 in ftooping to recover it Humbled againft a gw>fe-nc(l, 
 fell fqualh upon his belly into it, and had very nigh 
 fmothered the dam upo^ her eggs. The old faying is, 
 misfortunes feldom come alone. Before he could well 
 rife, the enraged sinder came flying to the alTiftanceof 
 his half-fmotnerra confort, and making a dart at the 
 eye of the aflailant, very narrowly milled his mark, but 
 difchaified his fiiry plump upon his nofe. Hie danger 
 now being preffing, ana the battle fcrious, the bear 
 near, and the gander ready for a fecond attack, the 
 men, who had not fled far, thought it high time to re 
 turn to the relief of their leader. Overjoyed to fee 
 them about him, but frighted at the bear juO behind 
 him, he had forgot the gander that was over his head, 
 againft which one of the men having levelled his piece, 
 lired and he fell dead at the Major's feet. Animated 
 now by the death of ont enen^, he recovered his gun, 
 and^aced about to aflill in the attack of the fecond. 
 By this time the bear was fcarce ic yards from him, 
 and beginning to growl, the Major jufl in the inflant 
 was feized with a loofcnefs, dropt his accoutrements, 
 and fell back, that he might not be in the way of his 
 party to impede the engagement. In the hurry he was 
 in. for in a man of fuch valour, we mud not fay the 
 fright, he entangled his buttons, and not being able to 
 hold any longer, he filled his breeches. The crew in 
 an inflant hw brought down the bear, and now it was 
 time for their leader to do fomcthing great. Having 
 Recovered his arms, and feeing the poor bnft groveling 
 on the ground, and growling out his laft, like a ram in 
 a pinfold, making a fliort race backwards in order to 
 redouble his force, he came with nine long llrides for- 
 wards, and with the flrength and flercenefsof an en- 
 rased bull, thnift his lance full four feet deep in the 
 dying bear's belly. And now, fays the Major, cocking 
 lus hat, have not I done forthe bear bravely fThe failors, 
 who $xt iilways in a ^od humour upon fuch occa- 
 .fioiisi but C^puin. faid they, you have but half done 
 vour work, you have another bear to kill vet. The 
 Major, whore fituation began to be troublclomf, con. 
 tent with the honour he had already acquired, my lads,* 
 Aid he, as I hiVc been the death of one bear, furc fix; 
 No. 3^. 
 
 of you in;iy kill tiie pthcr; h ordering four of them to 
 row him on board, he left the remaining fix to kill the 
 other hear. 
 
 On this ifland two bears wei^ killed, and a fea-horfe; 
 The fea-horfe made a defperate defence, being attacked 
 in the warer; and had there been only one boat en- 
 gaged in the combat, hfc certainly would have come 
 oft vidtorious ; but the crew of the Race Horfc having 
 Icamt that there were bears and fea horfes on this little - 
 fpot, were willing to fiiare in the fport of hunting them, 
 as well as in the plcafure of ufling their flefh. They 
 accordingly landed in their boats, and came in good 
 time to allifl in purfuing the conqucll. h happened, 
 however, tiiat their ammunition being ahnoll fpcnt, 
 one great bear came up to revenge the death of his 
 fellows, and advanced fo furimidy, growling and bark- 
 ing, that he put the whole company to flight, and fome 
 ofthcm, it IS fiid, had no great reafon to laugh at the 
 Major. 
 
 On founding the fliores they remarked, that when 
 the north iflands bear N. 45 E. feven or eight leagues, 
 and Red Hill E. by S. five mile.s, there is generally 
 from 25 to 30 fathom hard ground ; but that clofer oit 
 fliore, when Red Hill bears E. one-fourth S, about one 
 mile, it increafcs to 1 1 5 fathom, with foft black mud. 
 The current about one mile an hour to the N. E. 
 
 Tuefday 27, the air being perfectly fercnc, and the 
 weather moderate, the filhes feemed to enjoy the tem- 
 perature, and to exprcfs it by their fporting. The 
 whales were feeii fpouting their fountains towards the 
 Ikies, and the Hn-Hfli following their example. They 
 likewifc this duy faw dolphins; the whole profpedl iii 
 ftiort was more plcaling and pidurefque than they had 
 yet beheld in this rcniotc region. The ivery ice in 
 which they were befct looked beautiful, and put forth 
 athoufand glittering form.^, and the tops of the moun- 
 tains, which they could fee like fparkling gems at a 
 vaft diftancc, had the appearance of fo many filver 
 flars illuminating a new firmament. But this flattering 
 profpcftdid not continue long. By an accurate ob^ 
 fervation, they were now in longitude 80 deg. 47 min. 
 N. and in longitude 21 deg. 10 min. E.from London; 
 and in fight of feven iflands to the north, to which they 
 dircifled their courfe. 
 
 Wednefday 28, they had freflieaflerly breezes, whichi 
 from moderate weather the day before, changed trt 
 piercing cold. At midnight the weft end oT Wey-i 
 gate Straits bore S. by E. (0 that they were now in the 
 very fpot where Barentz had fiippofed an opening 
 would be found into the polar fea. Yet fo far from 
 it, they could difcover nothing from the mad head, 
 but a continued continent of folid ice, except the ifland* 
 already mentioned. On this ice, however, there were 
 many bears, fome of which came fo near the (hips as to 
 be mot dead with fmall arms. Thefe bears are very 
 good eating, and where no better is to be purchafcd, 
 the whalers account them as good as beef. They arc 
 many of them larger than the largefloxen, and weigh 
 heavier. In many parts of their body they are mulkot 
 proof, and unlefs they are hit on the open chcft, or 
 on the flank, a blow with a mufliet ball will h:iidly 
 make them turn their backs. Some of the bears killed 
 in thefe encounters weighed from 7 to 800 weight t 
 and it was thought, that the bear that routed the 
 failors on Muffin'slfland, could not weigh lefsthan 1000 
 weight. He was, indeed, a vcr}' monllerl 
 
 'Thurfday 29, failing among innumerable iflands of 
 ice, they found the main body too folid for the fliips to 
 make the leafl impreflion upon it, and finding no 
 opening, the Commodore refolved to fend a party un- 
 der the command of the firfl lieutenant to examine the 
 land, which at a diftance appeared like a plain, divetrt- 
 fied with hills and mountains, and exhioited in their 
 fituation a tolerable landfcape. 
 
 On trying the water, it was lefs flilt than any Tea 
 water they had ever tafled ; and they found likewifo, 
 that the ice was no other than a body of congealed frefli 
 water, which they imagined had been froKn in the iiw 
 ioncy ofthecar|h» 
 
 4 N Tuflfd«r 
 
 .1'. 'I 
 
 
 M 
 
3t6 CoMMODORK PH IP PS (now Lord MULORAVE'i) VOYAGE 
 
 ] 
 
 . Tuefda^ 30, the weather being clear, they ran clofe 
 to the main body of the ice, and the fun continuing to 
 ihine, made them almoft forgct'the climate they were 
 fiiiUng in, but it was not long before they had reafon 
 for fevcrc recollcdlion. In coafting along, they ob- 
 ferved many openingi, and were in hopes, from their 
 dillant appearance, that a paiTage might be made be- 
 tween them : but upon trial it was found, as the Dutch 
 fiflierman had foretold, that thcfe appearances were 
 deceitful. At one in the morning fine clear fun-diine, 
 they founded in 16 fathom water, and found fmall 
 ftonei at bottom. They were then about four miles 
 from the N. E. part of the northcmmod land ; the 
 eaftemmoft land in fight, didant above five or fix 
 leagues. 
 
 Sitiirdaj^ 71, at midnight, the cadernmoft land in 
 fight lay E. N. E. one half E. which they could not 
 make out to be an iOand. They rather Judtjed it to 
 be a continent, but found it inipoflible to determine 
 with certainty, as it lay beyond their reach. At nine 
 in the morning the Carcafc hoificd out her cutter, and 
 filled her empty water-calks with water from the ice. 
 On this ice lie great quantities of fnow, and as foon as 
 a pit is dug, it fills with fine foft clear water, not in- 
 ferior to that of many land fprings. At noon they 
 founded in 95 fathoms, the ground foft mud. This 
 day a bear came over the ice to vifit them, the firft they 
 had feen fince ihcy left Muffin's Ifland. They faluted 
 him with a volley of fmall arms, and he returned 
 the compliment, 'cy turning his back uj»n th<rii. 
 Their longitude was this day 2 1 dcg. 26 min. £. by 
 time-keeper. Thermometer 4c. 
 
 Sunday Auguft i, proved a day of trial. Lying to 
 among the clofe ice, with the loo'c ice driving fall 
 to (hore, the Commodore was dciiroiis of furvcying 
 .the wedcrnnwd of the feven idands, which appeared 
 the highell, in order to judge, from the profpcct on the 
 hills, of the poflibility of proecedinjg farther on the 
 difcovery. with this view they carried out their ice- 
 anchors, and made both (hips fall to the main body, a 
 pradlice very common with the filhing (hips that an- 
 nually frequent thofc feas. Of the reconnoitring party, 
 were the Captains, the fecond lieutenants, one of the 
 mathematicians, the pilots, and fome chofcn failors, 
 feleded from both (hips. They fct out about two in 
 themorning, and fomctimc- failing, fomctimes draw- 
 ing their boats over the ice, they with difficulty 
 reached the rtiorc, where the firft objedls they faw were 
 a herd of deer, fo very tame, that they fcemed as curi- 
 ous to gaze at the ftrangers, as the (Irangers were 
 E leafed to fee them; for they came 'ivc or fix together 
 I near, that they might have been killed with the thmft 
 of a bayonet; a proof that animals are not naturally 
 afraid of man, till, by the fate of their aflbciatcs, they 
 are uught the danger of approaching them 1 a proof 
 too, that animals are not deltitute of refiedion, other- 
 wife how (hould they conclude, that what has befallen 
 their fellow animals, will ceruinly happen to them, 
 if they run the like rifque. The ^ntlenxn, however, 
 fiiflfercd only one of thefc fearlefs mnocents to be fired 
 at, and that was done by a failor when they were ab- 
 fent on obfervation. 
 
 On this ifiand they gathered fome fcurvy-grafs, and 
 in many placet they could perceive the fides of the hills 
 covered with the verdure on which thefe deer undoubu 
 •dly fed. 
 
 After haviiw afccndcd the highcft hills on the fca. 
 . coaft, and taken a view of the country and the ocean 
 all found, the gentlemen defcendcd, and about five in 
 the afternoon embarked again on theh- return to the 
 (bipi, at which they arrived fafe about ten, after an 
 abfcnce of 20 hours. They were greatly difappointed 
 bjr the hazincfa of the weather on the topi of the moun- 
 tains, which confined the profpedl, and prevented their 
 raking an obfervation with the inftruments they had 
 carried with them fi)r that purpofe. 
 
 There is here a fmall variation in the journals of the 
 ;two fliipst t)i|it kept on board the Commodore making 
 ^diftancc between the idand and the fliips near 20 
 
 miles; the other only Ave leagues, which might eafily 
 happen, as the fhips OuHnl their ftationi with the iiiairi 
 body of ice, fomctinMi driving N, W. fometiiHe* the 
 contrary courfc. as the wind and tides happoied to fit. 
 
 Their fituation now began to be ferious, and it was 
 difcoyered too late, that by grapplins to the ice, at 
 praiflifed by the Greenlandmen, they Had endannred 
 the lofs of the fiiips, the loofe ice clormg fo Aft about 
 them that they found it abfolutely impoffible to get 
 them difengaged; and there was, befides, great reaioa 
 to fear, that one or both would foon be cniflvd to 
 pieces. Great minds are ever moft diflinguiflKd by, 
 their expedients on the moft alanning occi^ions. The 
 Commodore fee all hands to work to form adockjii 
 the folid ice, lat;^ f nough to moor both (hip* t and 
 by the alacrity with which that fcrvice was performed, 
 the (hips were preferved from the danger ofuiinudiato 
 deftruaion. 
 
 The (hips being thus fiir fecured, the officers, pilots, 
 and mailers, were all fuminoncd on board the Com- 
 modore, to conlult on what further was to be done in 
 their prefent unpron#ng fituation i when it waaui)> 
 aniiufHifly agreed, that their deliverance was hopclefsi 
 and thattheymuft either provide to winter upon tnead- 
 jicent idands, or attempt to launch their boats into the 
 open fca, which was already at a confiderable diftan<;ei 
 for the loofe ice had poured into titc bay in whiiii they 
 were at anchor with fo much rapidity, and in fuch 
 aflonilhing quantities, that the open lea was already 
 far out of light. Before anv thing farther was under- 
 taken, the men were ordered to their quarters, that they 
 might rcfrefli thcmfelvcs with fleeu. 
 
 While their commanders prclcrVe their fortitude^ 
 the failors never lofe their courage. They roifc in the 
 morning with as much alacrity and unconcern, af If 
 they had been failing with a fine breeze in the, BHtifla 
 Channel. 
 
 Auguft 2j it was now thought advifcable to nujca 
 one defperate attempt to extricate the (liipa, by c^ttiag 
 a channel to the wellward into the open fca.' *hic 
 fco iping out the dock with fo much expedition, by 
 a party only of one (hip, ralfed high expedUtions of 
 what might be performed by the unitea l^boiita of 
 both the crews. No body of men evo: undertook A 
 work of fuch diflkulty with fo much cheaiiulnefi' $ni 
 confidence of fuccefs, as the failors dbferved on thip 
 occalion. Their ice-fa ws, axes, (ledges, poles« and tht 
 whole group of fea-tools, were in an inftant all employ- 
 ed in facilitating the work; but after cutting tl^rougl^ 
 blocks of folid ice from 8 to 1 5 feet deep, and iromii^ 
 to others of many fathoms, that exceeck-d the powers 
 of man to feparate, that was laid afide as a hopclcl* 
 nrojeei ; and another more promifing, though not Icf* 
 i.>ix)rious, adopted in its room. 
 
 On the 3rd of Auguft, after the men had ag>iD,i«- 
 frcllied themfclves with fleep, it was refolved ttnH u^ 
 the boats belonging to both the (hips with fuch cover- 
 ings as were moft eafy to be accommodated, and of 
 lighted conveyance ! and by Ikating them over the ice, 
 endeavour to launch them in the open fea. Could 
 this be ctTedled, they hoped, that by failing and rowing 
 to the northcmmoft harbour of Spitdxi]gen, they might 
 arrive at that ifiand, before the departure oftheuft 
 fliips belonging to the fiflicry for Europe. ' 
 
 While the boats were getting rcadv for this ex- 
 pedition, a fccond party wfcre difpatched to the iti^ni, 
 with ordera to take the diftance as exad as it was pqf- 
 fible to the neareft open fea. As alt the people be- 
 longing to the fbip were nor to be engaged in Ihefe 
 ferviccs, thoffi who were unemployed diverted tnitin. 
 felves in huntii^ and killing the bears, that'botf, at- 
 traded perhaps by the favory fmell Ojf the pi^in^ni 
 dreflcd on board the fliips, came every day oyer thf ^f 
 to repeat their yifits. Several of thcfe wci« i^ftd c^Ol- 
 fionally, and this day they fought a fea.hbiif(i^ ih ^i/ih 
 engage/nent the fecond heutenartt of thcparcitfe^miUo 
 lizcd his courage in. a moft drfpcratr r6ieb^m^,yi 
 which, however, he (iicceeded, tl)ough hU lU^ 9SMp'i|i 
 immitient daAMr. "•■.'" 
 
 -Oil 
 
 t4 
 
 Ed 
 
 CA 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 ^ 
 
 .J 
 
 
 
 VI. 
 
Oil 
 
 if' 
 
 
f 
 
 i-\>V> 
 
 1 
 
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 **• 
 
 :r' 
 
 
 • ..',, i" 
 
 
 c 
 
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 . K. 
 
 
 
 
 f<t.. • 
 
 ■| I 
 
 V '»• 
 
 ■,?;•* 
 
 •a,- 
 
 1 - 
 
i'or makingDlSCOVERlES towards the NORTH POLE, &c 
 
 1^1 
 
 On the 4th the carpenters, &c. were ftill employed 
 fat fitting up the boats. The pilots, who the day be- 
 fore had been fcrtt to make obrcrvations on the illandt 
 already mtntioned, made their report, that the nearcft 
 water they had feert was about lo leagues to the weft- 
 ward J that in their paflagc they had met with great 
 ilUmbcrs of fpars or pine trees, floating about the 
 ifland, fome of them of confidcrable fize, with the 
 bark rotted off, and the bodies much worm-eaten; 
 that there was neither tree nor (l.rub to be fcen grow- 
 ing on any of the fcven iflands, nor upon any land that 
 they had yet difcovcrcd in that latitude, nor for lo 
 deg. farther S. and that the trees they had feen muft 
 therefore ha\c come from a great ittftancc. 
 
 Though there is nothing new in this obfervation, 
 the like being annually oblerved by all the navigators 
 who frequent thofc fcas in the fummcr, and who col- 
 leifl their wood from thofe drifts, yet the country from 
 whence they proceed has hitherto been thought a myf- 
 tery. But it being now certain, that many of the great 
 rivers that flow through the northernmoft parts of 
 Ruina, empty thenifclves into this fea j and that there 
 is an open communication throughout the difl^ercnt 
 pars of It at diftercnt feafons of the year, there feems 
 very little rcafon to doubt, but that thofc trees arc torn 
 up by land floods, and are precipitated into the fca by 
 the rapidity of the flreams. 
 
 It has invli;cd been objei.1cd, that all the wooil that 
 is found floating in this manner about the iflands in 
 high latitudes, is to a piece barked and worm-eaten ; 
 and that if thefc trees were torn up and precipitated 
 into the fca in the manner above fuppofed, fonic of it 
 would appear found and unbarked, as in its firll Hate. 
 To this It may be anfwered, that were the courfe of the 
 tides to run as conftantly to the northward, as the 
 courfe of the rivers runs into the fea, this objcdion 
 would be unanfwerable. But the very revcrfe is known 
 to be the fad ; and that neither the winds nor the tides 
 tend to the northwarils for any confidcrable part of the 
 year 5 fo that from the lime thefc trees enter the ocean. 
 It muft, in the ordinary courfe of things, be many 
 ages before they can reach the latitudes in which they 
 are now found. Becaulc, if they are driven northwards 
 by the ftrength of a ftorm froif the Ibuth, they will be 
 driven in another diretilion by the next ftorm that hap- 
 pens from another quarter ; and all the while the calm 
 continues, they will be driven to and fro by ihc tides, 
 which, as has been obfervcd, feldom fet long to ihc 
 north, therefore, being in continual motion tor ages, 
 or being cart upon the fhore by tempefls, or high tides, 
 and lying there expofed to the air, tdl tcmpcfls or high 
 tides return them again to the ocean, they will, in a 
 long progrcfTion of time, be reduced to the ftate in 
 which they arc conflantly found. This folution is, 
 however, oflfered with dithdence. The fad is certain, 
 of much wooil being annually found about the iflands 
 in qucftion ; and it is now of little importance from 
 whence it proceeds, as a paffage by the north-catl to 
 China will prj)bably never more be fought. 
 
 On the 5th they had gentle breezes ; but about four 
 in the morning fmall fleet. The ice flill furrounding 
 them, and appearing to grow more and more folid and 
 fixed, thofe who had till now retained hopes that the 
 fouth-cal\ wind would again difunite its fuMance, and 
 open a pntTage for their deliverance, began to defpair, 
 as the wind had blown for twenty-four hours from that 
 quarter, from which alone they could have relief, and 
 pot the lead alteration to be perceived. The men, 
 however, werr as joyous as ever, and (hewed not the 
 Icafl concern about the danger of their fituation. 
 
 Early in the morning, the man at the mall head of 
 the Garcafe gave notice, that three bear* were nuking 
 their way very faft over the ice, and that they were di- 
 recling their courfe towards the fliiti. They had, with- 
 out qucftion, been invited by the fcent of the blubber 
 of the fea-hoiil' killed a few days before, which the 
 men had Ktx. on fire, and which was burning on 
 . (he ice at the time of their approach. They proved to 
 be a (be bear and her two cudU \ but the cubbs were 
 
 nearly as large a« the dam. They ran eagerly to the 
 fire, and drew out from the flames part of the flefh of 
 the fea-horfe that remained unconfumed, and eat it 
 voracioufly. The crew from the ftiip, by way of di- 
 verfion, threw great lumps of the flefh of the fea-horfc 
 which they had ftill left, out upon the ice^ which the 
 old bear fetched away fingly, laid each lump before her 
 cubbs as fhe brought it, and dividing it, gave each a 
 fliare, rcferving but a fnull portion to herfelf. As fhe 
 was fetching away the laft piece they had to beftow, 
 they levelled their mufkets at the cubta, and fliot them 
 both dead ; and in her retreat, thev alfo wounded the 
 dam, but not mortally. It would have drawn tears of 
 pity from any but unfeeling minds, to have marked 
 the atfedionatc concern expreffed by this poor bcaft, 
 in the dying moments of her expiring young. Though 
 fhe was forely wounded, and could but juft crawl to the 
 
 Ekice where they lay, fhe carried the lump of flefh fhe 
 ad fetched away, as fhe had done the others before, 
 tore it in pieces, and laid it down bcfere them, and 
 when the faw that they refufed to eat, flie laid her 
 paws firft upon one, and then upon the other, and 
 endeavoured to raife them up. All this while it was 
 pitiful to hear her moan. When flie found fhe could 
 not ftir them, fhe went oflf, and when fhe had got at 
 fome dillaiKc, looked back and moaned ; and thuit not 
 availing her to entice them away, fhe returned, and 
 fmclling round them, began to lick their wounds. 
 She went olV a fecond time, as before, and having 
 crawled a few paces, looked a^in behind her, and for 
 fome time flood moaning. But ftill her cubbs not 
 rifing to tbiiow her, flie returned to them again, and 
 with iigns of inexpreflible fondnefs, went round one and 
 round the other, pawing them, and moaning. Find- 
 ing at Infl that they were cold and lifclefs, fhe raifed 
 her hcail towards the fhip, and, like Caliban in the 
 TeirnKll, grow led a curfe upon the murderers, which 
 they returned with a volley of mufltet-balls. She fell 
 between her cubbs, and died licking their wounds. 
 If wh.it is related by a voyager of credit in the laft cen- 
 tury be true, the filial fondnefs of thefc animals is no 
 lefs remarkable than the maternal. The young ones, 
 fays he, keep conftantly clofe to the old ones. Wo 
 obfervcd that two young ones and an old one would 
 not leave one another, for if one ran away, it turned 
 back again immediately, as foon as it did hear the 
 others in danger, as if it would come to help them. 
 The old one ran to the young one, and the young one 
 ro the old one ; and rather than they would leave one 
 anoiiicr, they would fuft'er themfelves to be all killed. 
 
 Friday the 6th, the weather calm, but foggy, and 
 the winds variable ; they difcovered that the drift of 
 the fliip, with the whole body of ice, inclined fall to 
 the eaflward ; and that they were already embsyed in 
 the very middle of the feven iflands. They therefore 
 feni off the pilots of both fhips, with a party of failors, 
 to the northernmoft ifland, to fee what difcoveries 
 could be made from the promontories there. They re- 
 turned at night, after a fatiguing journey, with a difl 
 mal account, that nothing was to be feen from thence 
 but a vafl continent of Ice, of which there was no end ; 
 and that the thought of wintering in fuch a fituation was 
 more dreadful, than that of perithing bv inftant death. 
 
 Satunlay 7, the w ind fet in N. N! E. veered to the 
 N. to the N. E. and E. piercing cold. This day 
 the boats were all brought in readinefs on the ice, fitted 
 with weather cloaths about 13 inches above the gun- 
 nels, in order to keep off the cold as much as polnble, 
 if by good fortune they fhoiild be enabled to launch 
 them in an open fca. This day was employed chiefly 
 in boiling provifions to put in the boats for the in- 
 tended voyage; in delivering out bags to the men to 
 carry their bread, and in packing up fuch neccflaries 
 as every one could take along with him ; for now every 
 man was to be his own porter, the neceflliry provifiona 
 and liquors being found load enough for the boats, 
 and twenty-five tlays bread losfd enough for each man. 
 This being adjuftcd, when night approached they were 
 all ordered on board tp flcep. 
 
 Thutfdaf 
 
 i: J >l 
 
 
 m 
 
 :'> I'l 
 
3«8 
 
 CoMMonoRK PHIPPS (now Lord M U L O R A V Eg) VOYAGE 
 
 '*,?; 
 
 ThurfJay K, at fix in the morning all handi were 
 ordered to turn nut, and a detachment of fifty men 
 from each fliip, headed by their refpcdivc officers, 
 were appointca to begin the hani talk of hauling the 
 launcc* along the ice. The bravcll and gallantetl ac- 
 tions performed in war, do not fo t^rikingly mark the 
 true charaifier of a fea commander, as the readincfs 
 and alacrity with which hiaordtrs are obeyed in timbs 
 of imminent danger. Every one now ftrove who 
 (hould have the honour to be lifted in the band of 
 haulers, of whom the Commodore took the direction, 
 leaving Capt. Lutwych to take care of both the (hips, 
 that if any favourable turn (Iiould happen in the difpo- 
 fltion of the ice, he might make ufc of the rcmainmg 
 part of both the crews to improve it. Upon a general 
 ronfultation of oflicers, previous to this undertaking, it 
 had been agreed, and an order ilTucd accordingly, that 
 DO perfon on board, of whatever rank, (houlJ encum- 
 ber himfelf with more cloaths than what he wore up«n 
 his back. Upon this occailon, therefore, the oHiccrs 
 dreflcd themfelves in flannels, and the common men 
 put on the cloaths which the officers had thrown off. 
 It was inconceivably laughable to fee thcfe motley band* 
 yoked in their new harnefs ; and, to fay the truth, there 
 was not one folemn face among the two companies. 
 That headed by the Commodore drew ftoutly for the 
 honour of their leader, and that headed by their Lieu- 
 tenants had their mufic to play to them, that they 
 might dance it away, and keep pace with the Com- 
 mander in chief. Indeed the officers who headed them 
 were defcrvcdly U'loved as well as their commanders, 
 particularly lieutenant Beard, whofcltcady and uniform 
 conduA in times of the grcateft danger, cannot be fuf- 
 ficiently admired or applauded. Neither fwayed by 
 palllon, nor difconcerted by the fudden embarraffments 
 that often intervened, his condu(fl was always calm, and 
 his orders refolute. He never was heard, during the 
 whole voyage en the mo(\ prefTing emergencies, to en- 
 force his commands w ith an oath, or to call a failor by 
 any other than his ufual name ; and fo fenfible were 
 they of his manly behaviour, that, when the fliip was 
 paid off at Deptford, they were only prevented by his 
 mod earned rcqucft from ftripping themfelves to their 
 Ihirts, to cover the flrcets with their cloaths, that he 
 might not tread in the dirt in going to take coach. 
 
 In fix hours, with the utmoll cnbrts of human la- 
 bour, they had only proceeded a Angle miles and now 
 it was time for them to dine, and recruit their almofl 
 cxhaufled fpirits. As the Commodore had laboured 
 with them, it was in charaifter that he (hould dine with 
 themalfo; and an accident happened that made it ne- 
 cclTaryforhim foto do. The cook, with his mates, 
 (who uere bringing the Commodore and the officers 
 their dinners under coven) to keep out the cold after 
 coming from a warm fire-fide, had made a little too 
 free with the brandy bottle before they fet out, and be> 
 fore they had got half way to the launces, the liquor be- 
 gan to operate; the cooks were fometimes very near 
 boarding each other, fometimes they hauled off, and 
 lonictimes (Peered right a-head. At length coming to 
 a chafm, or parting of the ice, which they were obliged 
 to leap, down came the maftercook, with difh, cover, 
 meat and all ; and what was ftill worfe, though It wa* 
 not then thought of much value, the Commodore's 
 lommon fcrvice of plate, which the cook carried for 
 the oflicers to dine on, fell in the chafm, and inftantly 
 funk to the Iwttoin. lliis accident brought the cook 
 a little to himfelf, and he now Hood paufing whether 
 he (hould jump down the gulph after the pliUe, or pro. 
 cecd to tlir Commodore to beg mbrcy and make his 
 apology. His mates perfuadcd him to the latter, as 
 the GsmuKKiflic was a kind-hearted gemman, and 
 would never take a man's life away for a flip on the ice. 
 Ikiides, it was a great jump for a ht man, and Com- 
 niodore, tliey were fure, had rather k>re all the plate in 
 the great cabin, than lofe cookie. Comforted a little 
 by this fpecch, the cook proceeded, but let his mates 
 goon firit with what remained, to carry the tidings of 
 what bcfell'thc red. When the CotnnMxlore had heard 
 thrflory, he judged how it was with thctn all. But 
 
 where is the cook, faid he to the matai? He's crying 
 l)chind, an pleafc your honour. In the mean time ths 
 cook caive up. Cook^ faid the ComiiKxIorc, bring me 
 your dinner. I will dine to.day with my comrades. 
 My dinncrl Ay, a pound of thcHefh next my heart, if 
 your honour likes it. The promptnefs of the ivply 
 fliewed the linccrity of the cook's good-will, and plcaW 
 the Conmiodore better than a fcad upon turtle. He 
 difmilled him with a fniile, and |>artuoK with the ofh» 
 cers in what was left, who made up their dinners with 
 a mefs fmm the common men. 
 
 They had ju(\ begun to renew their labour, when 
 word was brought, that the whole body of ice had 
 changed its fituation, and was moving to the weft, 
 ward I that the (hip^wcrc both a-Hoat ; and that the ice 
 was parting. 1'he joy w hicli this news difjfiifl'd thtONgb 
 the two companies of haulers is caficr to conceive than 
 cxprefs. They inOantly fhuuk off their harnefs, ran to 
 atiifl in working the fhips, and once more to lefume 
 their proper employments. When they arrived at the 
 ftiips. Captain Lutwych, who was no le(s beloved by his 
 men than the Commodore, had by his example and hit 
 judicious dircdtions done wonders. Both fliips wert 
 not only a-float, with their fails fct, but adlually cut and 
 warped through the ice near half a mile. 'This ray of 
 hope, however, was foon darkened ; the body of ice 
 fuddcniy afTumcd its former direction to the caflward, 
 and clofcd upon them again as fad as ever. While the 
 (hips remained in the ice-dock, they were laflied tone, 
 ther for their greater fecurity, but now being launched 
 and a-float, the ice prelTcd upon them with fuch 
 weight, that it was every moment expelled that the 
 hawfer would break that held them tc^cther; orders 
 were therefore given, that the hawfer (hould be (lack- 
 ened, and the (hips releafcd. 
 
 For the remainder of the evening, and till two iii the 
 morning, the drift continued eadward, and all that while 
 the (hips were in danger of being crufhed by the clo- 
 fing of the channel in which they rode. They had rtow 
 drifted two miles to the eadward; the men were worn 
 out with fatigue in defending the fhip* with their ice- 
 poles from being engulphoj; and how nothing but 
 fcenes of horror and pcixiition appeared before their 
 eyes. But the Omnipotent, in the very monnent. when 
 every hope of deliverance from their own united en- 
 deavour had relinquifhcd them, interpofed in their fii- 
 vour, and caufcd the winds to blow, and the ice to part 
 in an adoniihing manner, retding and cracking With 
 a tremendous noife.furpafllng that of the louden thun- 
 der. At this very inftant the whole continent of ice, 
 which before was extended beyond the reach of fight 
 from the highed mountains, moved together in vari- 
 ous diretflions, fplining and dividing into vaft bodies, 
 and forming hills and plains of various figures and di- 
 menfions. All hearu were now again revived, and the 
 profped ef being once more relcafed from the froxeii 
 chains of the north infpired the men with fixlh vigour. 
 Every officer and every idler on board laboured now fi>r 
 life. The fails were all fpread. that the (hips might 
 have the full advantage of the breeze to force thrim 
 through the channels that were already opened, and to 
 help them, like wedges, to rend the clefts that were 
 but juft cracking. 
 
 While the major part of the ciews were employed 
 in warping the fhips with ice-aiKhors, axes, faws and 
 
 Eles. a party from both (hips were difpatchcd to 
 inch the boats. This was no eafy ttfli to accom- 
 pli(h. The ice, though fblit in many thoufand pieces, 
 was yet frozen like an ifland round the launces, and 
 though it was of no great extent, yet the boatt were of 
 a weight hardly to be moved by th« fmall force that 
 could be fpared to launch them. They were befides, 
 by the driving of the ice, at more than five miles did 
 unce from the (hips ; and at this time no chinneb of 
 communication were yet opened. But IVovidence wu 
 manifeft even on this occalioat for the ifland on which 
 the launces finod, parted while the men were hauliiw 
 them.and by that luckycircumihmcethwwere launched 
 with great facility, without the lofs of a man, though 
 the ice cfKkcd. as it were under their (eet, 
 
 Th« 
 
For making DISCOVERIES toward* the NORTH POLE, &c. 129 
 
 '1 crying 
 time tha 
 bring me 
 omradei. 
 heart, if 
 the reply 
 id pleated 
 rtle. He 
 the offio 
 men with 
 
 TI1C 
 
 The people on lx»ard had not been able to f<»rcc tlieir 
 way with tnc fliips much more than a mile, when the 
 porty in the Uuncei joined them. And now, excited by 
 what curiolity or inltind ia not eafy to detertninc, fcve- 
 ral bears came porting over the ire to be fpettjtori of 
 their departure, and advanced fo near the fliip«, that 
 they might have been eatily maOcred. had not the men 
 been more feriouflv employed. 
 
 Thii day they altered their foundings from thirty to 
 fifty fathoms, and from fifty tc «ighty and eighty, five 
 
 fathomi. „ c T^ 1 »7 
 
 The breeze continuing frefli from E. S, E. and E. 
 the ice feemed to open at fad at it had before clofed 
 when the wind blew wefterly, and from the norths a 
 ftrong prefumptive proof of land to the eailward, 
 which (topping the current of the loofe ice in driving 
 from the north and weft, clofei it in courfe, and ren- 
 ders it compaft. On the contrary, whin the wind 
 blows off the land, and the current lets to the fea, the 
 loofe ice being no longer oppofed) difperfes itfelf afpin 
 in the ocean, where it again floau, till. the fame caufe 
 produces the fame effeiU. If therefore the land which 
 our voyagers law on the 30th, and which they could 
 not determine with certamty to bean iliand, fliould, 
 upon fome future occafion, bedifcovered to be ;i con* 
 tincnt, then the clofing of the loofe ice fo fuddcniy 
 about the fevcn iflands. and its crouding one piece 
 upon another to a great height, when violently agitated 
 by tcmpefts from the north or weft, will be fully and 
 naturally accounted for. 
 
 Tuefdaythc 10th, about two in the morning, the 
 fog being thick, and the weather calm, and the men 
 very much fatigued, they were ordered to their Quar- 
 ters, to refrefh themfelvcs with fleep. It was, bcAdes, 
 very cold, and much rain fell; and as the wind was va- 
 riable, they could make but little progrefs. The ice, 
 in the morning early, feemed rather to olofe upon them, 
 than to divide; and being apprehenfive for their boats^ 
 they attempted to hoift the launces on board, but that 
 belonging to the Carcafe, being either too i^nweildy, 
 or the mcAtoo much fatigued^to effcd it, they flung 
 hertothelhip'sfide. ,, 
 
 About eight the breeze fprui^ up ttfOx fiKVP the. N. 
 E. exceedingly cold, but opening the ice to tl^ weft- 
 ward. They then made all the fail they could, idnyuig 
 with the loofcning ice, and parting it wherever it was 
 moveable with their whole force. Towards noon they 
 .loft fight of the Seven Iflands. And in a very little 
 while after, to their great joy, Sphibergen was fecn frain 
 the maft-head. 
 
 Wednefday 11, the men who, with hard labour, cold 
 and watching, were much difptrited,onthe profpe(fl of 
 a fpeedy deliverance, and feeing the ice no longer ad- 
 here in immoveable bodies, began, after a little refrefli- 
 ment, to refume their wonted chearfulneb. They had 
 not till the fecond clofing of the ice, after the attempt 
 to dig a paflage through it had proved ineffedual, and 
 that the hauling the launces had been tried with little 
 better fuccefs, difcovered the leaft deljiondency. But 
 when they had exerted their utmoft efforts, and Provi- 
 dence, which at firft feemed to fecond their endeavours, 
 appeared to have forfakenthem; when their pilots had 
 filled their minds with the terrors of their fituatign; 
 «nd their officers had giyen the fliips and their moft va- 
 luable effeifls over for loft, the men then began to re- 
 fled on the hardftiips they were likely to fuper, and to 
 be imprcflcd with the fenfe of their common danger. 
 Their apprchenfions, however, were but temporary, 
 sind the moment they were rele^ed from their i^cy pri- 
 Ibn, and that they were within fight of a clear fea, their 
 forrow was changed to mirth, and their melancholy to 
 rejoicing. Fcftivity and jollity took place of abfti- 
 nence and gloomy appKhenfions; and before they ar- ' 
 rived at SKitflxrgen, there was not a failor on board with 
 a fcriout (ace. , ^ 
 
 The ice thtt had parted. from the main, body, theyj 
 had now time to admire. As it no longer obfttu^edj 
 'their courfe, the various (hapes in which the oipkcn | 
 fragments appeared, were indeed very curious and! 
 
 No. 40. • 
 
 a nuifing. One remarkable piece deft rihcd a imigiiifi- 
 cnit arch fo large and compfcutly (brmed, that a floop 
 of conlidcrable burden might have failed through it 
 without lowering her inaft; another reprcfcnted a 
 church with windaws and pillars, and domes; and a 
 third, a table with icicles hanging round it like the 
 fringes of a damaflc cloth. A fertile imagination 
 might here find entcrtainini-nt enough 1 lor, as has al- 
 ready been obferved, the fiinilitiuic of all that art or 
 nature has ever yet produced, might here be fancied. 
 
 They continued working all this day through the 
 loofe ice. Hacluit's Headland bearing fouth 39 weft, 
 and In their courfe faw a Dutch Greenlandman in the 
 S. W. quarter. 
 
 Thurfday the 1 ath, they cleared the ice, and bore 
 away with all fails fct (or the harbour of Smearing- 
 burg, in which they had before caft anchor. At two 
 in the afternoon thev anchored in North Bay, the north 
 part of Vogle Sound bearing north 45 eaft. diftance about 
 four miles. At half after four the Conimoilorc made 
 the (ignal to weigh; and at half paft nine, came to an 
 anchor in their lormer ftarion, where they found four 
 Dutch Grecniandmen lyi.ie m rcadinefs to depart. 
 Thcfe Dutchmen acquainted the <. < immodore, that all 
 the Englilh filhing fhips fct fail on the loth of July, 
 the day to which they are obliged by contrad, to ftay 
 to entitle their owners to receive the bounty-money, al- 
 lowed by Pailiament for the encouragement of that 
 fifliery. 
 
 About the fame time the grcatcft part of the Dutch 
 fct fail likev.ifc ftiom Spitlbergen, oa their voyage 
 hoijie ; but it is a pradlce with thcfe laft, to take it by^ 
 turns to wait till the feverity of the weather oblige* 
 them to leave the coaft, in order to pick up fuch men as 
 may by accident have loft their ftiips in the ice; and 
 w|)o^ notwithftanding, may have had the good fortune 
 to,faye their lives by ipcaiis of their boats. This is a 
 very humane inftitution, and does credit to the Dutch 
 Government. Did the 'Britilh Government bear an 
 equal regard for individuals, fo many valuable fubjedls 
 would never be fulTered to migrate, as now annually 
 hire fliips to convey thcmfelves to fc^k their fortunes 
 in pe^ fettlements. It is eftimated, that twelve thoii- 
 ffind at leaft are yearly fljint oft" fropi Ireland, and not 
 many lefs from England and Scotland, yet no mea- 
 li'ires are thought ncccffat^ to be taken to retain them at 
 home. 
 
 The turn of waiting at Spitftjcrgen falls annually to 
 rt« lot.pf about five Dutch ftiips, who are obliged to 
 (end out their boats daily infearchof their unfortunate 
 fellow fubjeds; Came of thcib boats have'thcmfclves 
 fuftcred leverely, and have been detained feven or 
 eight da^-s by fcvere weather in thcfe cxcurfions, to the 
 great anxiety of their friends. 
 
 The day of our voyagefs return to Smcaringburg 
 Harbour being fine, the Commodore ordered a tent to 
 be raifed oh the lower point to the S. W. where there 
 was a level plain (br the fpsicc of two miles, and where 
 all the mathematiical apparatus were again taken on 
 Ihorefor a fecond trial. 
 
 They found, on the examination of the vibration of 
 the pendulum, that it differed from that at Greenwich 
 by Hiirrifon's time keeper, only two feconds in foity- 
 ^g^t hours; which time- keeper, at their arrival at 
 Greenwich, vari«l only one fecond and a half from the 
 time-pitfces at the obfervarory there. Mr. Robinfon, 
 who was articled to Commodore Phipps, from Chrift's 
 Hofpital. and who does honour to that noble fou ndation, 
 was particularly careful to notethe refult of all the obi 
 f(;r«itions that were made in this high latitude. 
 ; The ovens were alfb here taken on ftiore, and acon- 
 fidcraUe quantity of good foft bread baked for the re- 
 fre(hment of the iheh, ' 
 
 Hacluit's Headland, of which mention ha* beet» 
 frequently made In the courfe of this , voyage, i* an 
 ifland onth* N. W. point of Spitftjwgen, about i< 
 miles in circumference, oh .which is found plenty of 
 fcurvy-grafs; and in the Villeys, feme of wliich ex- 
 tend from two to three miles, there is ftore of other 
 + g„ft 
 
 Ih 
 
 
 '• ■»• ' I 
 
 'I 'r 
 
330 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULORAVE*) VOYAGE 
 
 i I 
 
 crafs in fumnicr, on which the deer it ruppoTcd to 
 
 The people were now full^ employed in overhauling 
 (he rig(;ins, tarring the (hipi ndet, taking in water, 
 peying and fecuring the nwfti, ami in preparing the 
 (liipi for purFuing their voyage upon dirc*very i or, 
 if that was found impradlicabie, for returning home. 
 
 On the 1 6th, two of the Dutch (hipi weighed anchor, 
 and failed awav in company. 
 
 On the 1 7tn, vaO pieces of broken ice, fuppofed to 
 have fallen from the Icebergs, came floating into har- 
 bour. When thefe pieces, which are undermined by 
 the continual agiution of the Tea in ftormy weather, 
 lofc their fupport, they tumble with a crack that fur. 
 pflcs the louden thunderi but the^ were told, that no 
 other thunder was ever heard in this latitude. 
 
 The adivity and entcrprizing fbirit of the Ruffians 
 already noticed, begin to mam feu itfcif every where, 
 and it is not improbable, but that the maritime powers 
 may one day or ether have caufe to repent their emula- 
 tion in contributing to aggrandize the naval power of 
 that increafiiw people. The dominions of the RufTian 
 tmpire, are fituated to command the trade of the uni- 
 verfe ; they arc now adhially crcding a yard for build- 
 ing (hips at Kampfchatka, to improve their difcoveries 
 from that quarter, and to open a trade from thence to 
 China. They have attempted to fettle colonies, as our 
 voyagers were told, on tne fouthernmoft diftridfls of 
 SpitiDergen,andthofcof the ncwfcttlers, who furvived 
 the fird wiiuer, were preparing to encounter the rigour 
 of the climate in a fccona. This can only be done by 
 way of experiment, to trjr if a fcttlcment is pnu^licable, 
 for thofe new fent are faid to be criminals. 
 
 During the fix days which the (hips anchored herC 
 to make obfervations, take in water, refrefh the men, 
 and refit, our journalift made feVeral excurfions to th< 
 adjoining idands, where the birds appeared in aftonilh- 
 ing numbers i it being the feafbn for bringing forth 
 their young, and teaching them to Ry, and to dive. 
 
 Of all the birds that breed in thelc iflands, the bur- 
 germafter is the latgelt, and the mod ravenous > he is 
 )o called bv the Dutch, from his flze and hi)s authority, 
 as he holds all the other birds in fubje<flion. His, bill 
 b long and crooked, rather like that of thc,flork, than 
 that of the hawk, and is of a yellow colour. He 
 has a red ring about his eyes; Is web-footed, but has 
 but three claws on each foot. His wings are of a 
 beautiful pearl colour, edged with white; his back a 
 filver grey ; his body white as fnow, and his tail of the 
 fame colour, which when he flies he fprcads like a fan. 
 He builds his neft very high in the rocks, inacceflible 
 •ithcr to bears or foxes. He preys upon all the other 
 birds, and eats the carrion of nfii or Hefli, or whatever 
 coHKs in his way. His cry is horrible, and when he 
 fcreams, the mallcmuch, a bird as large as a duck, is 
 fomuch intimidated, that flic will fink down, and (uffer 
 him to devour her without oppofitton. 
 
 Our journalid found it very dangerous to purfue his 
 ^«-ay over the hills and precipices in this rugged coun- ' 
 try. The clefts on the mountains are like thofe in the 
 •cc frequently impaflable; but they arc abundandy 
 more hazardous, being fometimes concealed under the 
 . I .<ow, fo that a traveller is eiu;ul|>hed before he Is 
 ,\ware. Many have been cntoinDed in thcfc clefts, aiul 
 perilhed in the hcariiu of their companions, without 
 a poflibility of rciietT To a contemplative mind, 
 however, even the deformitiea of nature, are .nut un- 
 plcaflng, the wifilom of the Creator being nunifeft in 
 all his works. 
 
 On the 19th of Augud the (hips unn)oored, and on J 
 the 30th thev cleared the harbour. They found the ; 
 tide to flow N. E. and S. W. and to rife three .fcct; 
 fevtn inches perpendicular hei|{ht. 
 
 On the 33nd, they again fouit4 tjieiAfeiyes befet withj 
 
 'loofe ice. They were then in latitude SO Heg. 14 ptin.! 
 
 N. longitude <^eg. 44. mio-.E. j 
 
 Qn the lanio, they bad it heavy foi frbm the S. WJ 
 
 ■quarter. , 
 
 ., On the 33rd, thc'CareaTct being a hcaVtdr (kiler than 
 
 
 the Race I lorfc, lo(» fight of the Commodore, ami fired 
 a (Ix pounder, which «u anl\»cred. In the evening 
 they came in light, and purfucd their courfe with fa- 
 vourable weather, and without any thing worthy of 
 notice happening till 
 
 September 5, when, being clear and calm weather, 
 the Comnwdore founded, and found ground with 700 
 fathoms, very foft mud. The people were employed 
 eight hours in heavin^f up the lead with the capflan. 
 At three in the morning the fun rifen, took the am- 
 plitude, and found the variation to be 33 dcg. 53 
 min. W. 
 
 September 7, at five in *c afternoon, they had heavy 
 fqualls, with raim at feven in the morning moderate 
 weather. This day, in 60 deg. i c min. W. they found 
 their longitude, corrcAcd by obfervation of (un ami 
 moon, to be 5 deg. 5^ min. K. Longitude by time- 
 keeper 4 deg. 45 nun. E. a very remarkable dif- 
 ference. 
 
 The (hips purflied their courfe home in company 
 together, with high fcai and variable weather, till Sep- 
 tember II, wheh. at half after ten, the night dark, and 
 the weather nMMet'ate, the wind all at once veered to 
 the fouthward, and a flrohR gale with a great fea came 
 on. The (hips parted, arid hever man came in fight 
 till they met olT Harwich, on the EngliHi coalV. 
 
 Our joumalilt being on board the Carcafe, can now 
 only relate what happened to that (loop, till her arrival 
 in the River ThsAnet. 
 
 When the gale came on, the Commodore's iighti not 
 appearing, the Carcafe ffred a fix-poondcr, bat that 
 (hot not being reti^tned by the Race Horfe, it was con- 
 eluded, that the Commodore wat at too great a dif- 
 tance to hear the flgnal. At four in the morning the 
 gale increafing, they clofe reefed the top fails, and 
 ennloyed all hands in lafliingand fecuring the boat* 
 and booms, and preparing to withltand the threatening 
 ftorm. At this time they were in latitude 57 deg. 44 
 min. N. the Nate of NorWay bbariiig S. 88 E. dmarti 
 31 leagues. 
 
 Sunday, September id, fre(h galea, with frequent 
 flpwcrs of n\p : handed gib and (tay-fall 1 at two ill 
 the a(^^rndbrt haidftjUfllis and violent >(howcrs of mini 
 handed fore and mizen top-fail 1 faw a 6A[ to fouth- 
 ward ftanding to eaflwardi cloudy and obfcure (kyi 
 at ten at night came on fuddenly a very heavy fquallj 
 handed all the top-failst ftrong gale, with fevere 
 flwwers of rain. At midnight blowmg a violent fldrm 
 of wind, reefed and hahdMl the main-fail and foreu 
 fail J lowered down the lower yards, balanced the 
 mizen, and laid the (Itip to under it. with her bead 
 to the wcflwatti ; the fea making a free pafTage over the 
 (hip. Shipped (uch heavy fcas, wafhed all the piovi- 
 fions and ca(ks that were laihed on the deck, over- 
 board; kept two pumps continually ^ing; obliged to 
 (kuttle the h6i.U, (o prevent their being wa(hcJ over- 
 board. At four in tne rooming (hipped fuch heavy 
 leas, as wa(hed all the booms and fpars that had been 
 with all poflible care feeured on the deck, over-board . 
 The (hip moflly under water. No light of the Com- 
 modore; under great apprehenflons for his fafcty, as 
 his velTel laboured much more than ours. At this 
 time one of the mates, the carpenter, and a fore-ma(l. 
 man, were wa(hed over-board. The carpenter, a very 
 carefiil fober rtum, who was in the wafle, fecuring the 
 hikfches and florei, was walhed in and out at the port 
 three times, before he could fecurc himfclf. - At ten in 
 the morning rather moderate. Set the mizen-flay-fail; 
 fwayed the lower jrards up, and fet the courfes. At 
 halt paft eleven, (trong fqualls and heavy gufts ; haadol 
 both courfes; and fettled the lower yards. 
 
 September 13, ftrong gales and fqually. Continu- 
 ally (hipping heavy feas. At three in the afternoon 
 rather more modetate; fet tvcf courfes ; fwayed up the 
 lower yarijs, and fet the main-top-fail. The ihip now 
 makiiw lio Water; at feven in the evening fei fore-top 
 fail aijid gib; Very heavy fea from S. W. quarter. At 
 eight in the evening moderate and cloudy ; let the third 
 rwf'OUt'ef the maio-top-fail ; (bunded 35 fitthonis 
 
 fine 
 
For making DISCO VER IE S towartli the NORTH I'OLE, &c. 33I 
 
 fine brown ftnd. At one in the morninn light «ir». 
 h«tey neither, and Rre«tfe». Wore (hip. and ftood 
 to weftward. At four frefti brec-tci, with rain. At 
 half part ciRht faw a fail to eaftward 1 fupnoftng it the 
 Commodore, made the private liKnal, and firetl a fu- 
 
 Eounder. At nine bore down upon her. and brought 
 er to. She proved a Hollander from ArchanRfl. 
 bound to Bremen. Courfe S. 41 W. latitude 56 deg. 
 
 4 min. N. 
 
 September 14, ftrong jm!e«, and cloudy ; under reef 
 courlci. At two in the alterniwn moderate i fct main- 
 top-fail. At three fet forc-top-fail t a great fca from 
 wellward. At feven in the evening moderate and 
 cloudy. Out the third reef of the main-top fail 1 un- 
 certain weatheri fqually, and at times mucn raini at 
 three great fog. 1 hii day at noon, Flamborough-head 
 S. 4^ W. diftaiKe 30 leaguei. 
 
 September 1 5. light brcczci. and clear weather 1 oiit 
 all rcefi.and fwayed up the lower yardi. At four in 
 the afternoon faw a fail to the S. E. bore down and 
 brought her to. She proved to be a PrulTian fiflierman. 
 fiadbeen 10 days from Edinburgh) hoiftcd out the 
 hnall cutter 1 the fccond lieutenant went on board of 
 her, and bought a fine cargo of filh. At five the boat 
 returned; we hoifted her on board, with plenty of 
 mackarel and herrings. Made fail, and ftooti to S, W. 
 (bunded every half luiurs found from 13 to 1.5 and 1 8 
 fiithomi. fine brown fand, mixed with black Ibells. At 
 (even in fhe evening took the firft reef, and hauled in 
 the top-fails: frcfh ^lea and cloudy. At two in the 
 morning deepened in wattr to jo fathom. Took in 
 fccond reef of the top-fails I tacked fliip, and ftood to 
 N. W. At five in the morning got into 1 5 fathom j 
 and at fcven into i o. At nine in the morning clofc 
 reefed the top fails, and at 10 handed them s very frelh 
 gale, and violent rain. 
 
 September 16, rather more moderate; fet the main- 
 top-fail; fqually, with rain; a confufcd fca from W. , 
 N. W. At five in the afternoon foundings from $ to 
 n, from 2^ to ji and 34 fathoms, fine brown fand, 
 black fpeckt, frefh galea and cloudy. At eight took in 
 Brft and fecond reefs of top-fails ; at eleven at night 
 clofe reefed the nuin and fore-top-fail, and handed the 
 mizen; frelh gales, and cloudy weather. At four in 
 the morning moaled water to 22 fiithoms ; brown fand 
 and broken (hells. At five law fevcral fail to N. W. 
 fired, and brought one of them to. At ci<4ht fliook 
 the firft and fecond reefs out of the top-fail ; hove down 
 upon a floop, which came from Gravcfend ; took on 
 board the mailer, as a pilot to carry the (hip through 
 Yarmouth Roads; put on board one ma 1 in his room, 
 and ordered his vclTel to follow us. Stood to the 
 fouthward. 
 
 September 1 7, frefh breezes, and cloudy weather ; 
 kept the lead going every half hour; found our found- 
 ing from 10 to 12 fathoms, fine brown fand. At fix 
 in the afternoon frelh gales ; clofc reefed the main-top- 
 fail ; foundings from iotoi6 fathom; broken (hells and 
 latgc nones. At feven clofe reefed the nuin-top-fail; 
 kept a light in the poop-lanthorn for the floop. At 
 ten ftrong gales; hanclcd the top-fails ; laid her to 
 under the main-fail ; handed the fore-fail. At eleven 
 at night got into five fathom ; but deepened to eight, 
 nine and ten fathom brown fand. Loft fight of the 
 filhin^ veffel ; fired fevcral ^ns, and made a fignal in 
 the mizen-ftiroud. On fetting the fore-tep-fail ftacil, 
 it blew to pieces ; bent a new one. A violent gale of 
 wind; fhipped a great quantity of water. At four 
 >rather inoaeratc; let the forc-uil. At midnight fet 
 clofe; reefed top-faiis. At halfpaft fix tacked; at 
 feven faw the fifhiiw ve(rcl ; bore down and fpoke with 
 her, who had fplit her main-fail in the night. At ten 
 £iw the land bearing S. W. by W. and S. and by W. 
 At eleven being clear and moderate weather, fliook all 
 .the reefs out of the top-fails, and fet the top-gallant- 
 fails ; faw Cromer light-houfe bearing S. 55 (Kg. W. 
 diftancc five leagues. 
 
 September 19, frefli breezes and cle«r .weatheri bent 
 the tticct-cable, and hauled a range oY the belt and 
 
 fmall bowcr-cahirs ; bent boih buoy rope* and buoys 
 (o the anchor. At five light breezes and fniri tacked 
 and ftood 10 the louthward. At fix tacked and IhNid 
 to the north-weft. Cramer N. W. and by N. (our 
 miles; light breezes, and plcafant weather 1 handed in 
 top-gallant-fails, and handed the main-fail. At feven 
 in the evening, to our great joy, faw Yarmouth Church, 
 bearing S. W. At ten at night came to anchor with 
 the b-ft bower in twelve fathom, tine fand and rlav 1 
 veered out to half a cable, and handed all the (ails. 
 Winterftone Nefs lights bore S. and by W. four mil»*. 
 At two in the morning (nth breezes and cloudy. At 
 half paft four wcighco, and made fail. Employed in 
 working from Winterftone Nefs lights, ro Yarmouth 
 Roads, making fevcral tacks. At irvcn in the morn- 
 ing fct top-galTant-fails ; at nine came to an anrhor in 
 Yarmouth Road, with bell bower in fcven tiithoms wa- 
 ter; (and and clay. Yarmouth church foiith lifccc-ii 
 weft, diftance two miles. Came on board a pilot to 
 carry the ftiip to the Nore. 
 
 September 10, frelh breezes and clear weather; fent 
 down top-gallant-yards, and got every thing clear tor 
 ftriking tokens. At five in tne afternoon moored the 
 ftiip. Yarmouth church W. S. W. two iniles. 
 
 September 21, frelh gales and clo«idy, with fitrqucnt 
 rain. At four in the afternoon fcnt dow-n top-gnllant- 
 maft. At eight in the morning fcnt the lung -boat on 
 (hore for water. We were this day vifited by fcveral 
 of the inhabitants of Norwich and Yarmouth, who 
 were genteelly entertained by the officers, but we coulJ 
 get no intelligence of the Commodore. 
 
 September 23, dark cloudy weather. At fix in the 
 evening fwayed up the top-maft, and lower y.irds; the 
 wind veered to N. W. we prqiared to unmoor. Frefh 
 gales, with frequent fbfties of^ lightning. At feven in 
 the morning fet on top-gallant-maft, and began tu un- 
 moor. At eight veeied away upon the beft Iwwcr, and 
 took up the fnuU bower-anchor. At nine wi'i|;hed 
 and made fail. At ten got up the top-gallaiit-yards. 
 in company with fevcral mips. 
 
 Saturday 2 j, at five came to an anchor in eleven fa- 
 thoms. Orford light-houfe E. by S. four miles. This 
 day fomc religious books were diflributed among th(i 
 fiiilors, which had been fcnt on board by fome pioua 
 perfon for their particular perufal. 
 
 Sunday 26. At fix in the evening came to with the 
 beft bower in feven fathoms water; Balfey church W. 
 by S. At two in the morning weighed, and came to 
 fail; Harwich lights N, W.by W. To their great 
 furprife, faw the Race Horfe at anchor. Hoiftcrl out 
 the cutter, and Captain Uitwych waited on the Com- 
 modore, from whom he learnt, that in the ftorm of the 
 twelfth they had all their boats waflied over-board 1 
 and, to eafe the fhip were obliged to heave all their guns 
 over-board, except two. Came to anchor; Harwich 
 church N. W. 
 
 Monday 37, at two in dte afternoon weighed, and 
 came to (ail in company with the Race Horfe. At 
 eight in the evening camr. to in thcSwin. At five in the 
 morning weighed, m connpany as before. Turning up ' 
 the Swin at lulf paft nip.-, came to; Whiuker Beacon 
 N. N. E. one mile. 
 
 Tuefdav 28, frcih breezes and cloudy weather. Ac 
 half paft three weighed, and came to fail. At half pail 
 fix came to with the beft bower in fix fiithom water 1 
 Shoe Beacon N. W. At half paft five weighed, and 
 came to fail. Working to windward at eleven in the 
 forenoon, the Commooore'a boat came on board, with 
 cffdera to pioceed to Deptford. At noon came to ac 
 the Nore with the beft bower. 
 
 Wednefday 2j|, light breezea and fair weather. At 
 half paft five weighed, and made fail. Employed in 
 workmg up the river. At half paft ten came to with 
 the beft bower in the gallioiu, in three fathoms water. 
 Woolwich church N. oy S. one half £. At noon a 
 hoy came along-fide for the gunner's ftores. 
 
 Thurfday 30, employed moft of the afternoon in 
 (Ktting outthc|pins, and gunner's ftores. At nine in 
 the evening wcrghcd, and came to fiiil. At ten run 
 
 i' 
 
 
J3* CuMMODoKK FHIPFS (now Lomd MUl.OKAVEi) V O Y A (J K 
 
 
 I 
 
 Nl 
 
 p 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 vM' 
 
 
 m 
 
 ' ,i 
 
 i 
 
 >-^ til 
 
 If 
 
 HNil of a large cranfiMtrt, and carried away the lar-boirvi 
 niiccn>lbn>uils, and |mi( of the channel. At one in the 
 iiutrninK came to anchor ut Dcptlord. Warjoed along- 
 lidc the Ik-dlord Hulk, and inoored. Ac lix unbent 
 the fail*, and bc|;ait to unria. 
 
 'Iliu* ended a voyage, which fcmii to hav * deter- 
 mined the qucl>ion To much aKitateii conccrniiit the 
 navigation to the north pole, and proved what Captain 
 Wood had before atTerted, that no palFagc would ever 
 be tmind pradicable in that direction. 
 
 From the quantities of ice which that navigator 
 iiict with in latitude 76 degrees north, he concluded 
 indeed erroneoully, that the loth degree, would 
 bound the palVage towards the pole*, and that from 
 thence the|iular region wai either a continued conti- 
 nent of foiid ice, or that land filled up the interme- 
 diate- fpace. 
 
 It h.ij been found, however, that thofe Teas arc na- 
 vi^.-il)lc ai far a« 81 and 81 drg. of latitude; and 
 it may piiiribly ha|>pen, that in Tome future yean, they 
 may be ttxind navigable a degree or two farther: but it 
 may now with certainty be concluded, that a courfe 
 uiioer the pole can never be purfucd lor the pur|)ofc of 
 commerce. 
 
 We hrtve already Ihewn inconteftibly, that the north 
 Tea communicates with the eaOern lea, and that the 
 ptnitge to China and Japan may be |)erformcd with 
 difliciiltv l»y aN. K courfe, by watching the opportu- 
 nity, w hen a few days in the year the north Tea m open. 
 But w ho would think of cx|x>ling a (liip's con)|>aiiy to 
 the hazard of being frozen to death in a tedious, un- 
 certain, and danptrous iMffagc. when a fafe, certaia, 
 and, one may lay, fpeedy paflage at all times lies open 
 before them. 
 
 I'roiu Behring'i difcoveries to the eaft of Japan, and 
 from the continent he there met with, there feems rca- 
 fon to believe, that the land feen by Commodore Phipps 
 to the eallwaidof the Seven Ifiands, might be a conti- 
 nuation of that continent. In that cafe it is not im- 
 probable, but that either that continent may join to 
 the wclU-rn part of America, or that it may extend 
 fouthu ard; and form a part of that continent fo much 
 fuuijht after in the fouthern hemifphere. 
 
 A fmal! premium of two or three thoufand pounds 
 fecured by Parliament, to be paid to the owner or ow- 
 ners of any Greenland lilliing fliip, that (hould be for- 
 tunate enough todi'iovcr fucn a continent to the caft- 
 w.ird or northward of the Seven Iflands, might pof- 
 libly have a better etfoiil, than many ex penfivc expedi- 
 tions lictcd out fulcly for the purpofes of fuch difco- 
 .very. This, by a trading nation, were it only to im- 
 prove the fcicncc of geography, would furely be well 
 bcfto« cd. 
 
 Ic it true, indeed, that the reward fccnred by parlia- 
 ment for thcdifcovcry of a north-weft pafTagc, has not 
 yet been attcndetl with that fucccfs, with which the 
 promoters of the bill had flattered themfelves and the 
 public, from the liberal fpirit with which it was 
 •granted. 
 
 '1 ho Hudfon's Bay Company, though bound by their 
 charter to further and promote the diTcovery, were ge- 
 nerally fufpci ted from intereftcd motives, to oppofc 
 and difcourapc every attempt to accomplifli it. And 
 ;.Captain Miclcileton, who in 174O was fent in a king> 
 lliip u[x>n that fcrvice, returning without fuccefs, was 
 publicly charged with having received a bribe of five 
 thoufaiid poundstodefeat the undertaking, and by his 
 report to difcourage any farther anempts in purfuit of 
 _it. This charge was ftrongly fupported, and generally 
 'crcditcil And Mr. Dobbs. by wnofc intercft Captain 
 - Middlcton u as employed, had the addrefs to prevail 
 with the tlien niinidry, to preclude «ny future icheme 
 of private corruption, by promoting the public reward 
 already mentioned. 
 
 The preamble to the' aifl will ftatc this matter in the 
 true light it fets forth, " That whereas the difcovcry of 
 a north- weft pafTagc through Hudfon's Streight to the 
 wcftcri) ocean would be of great beiKfit and advantage 
 to this kiiigdoni, and that it wotdJ be-«f frcM idvan' 
 
 tage to the ailventurers to attt'in|ir ihrfaiiu-, il a pub. 
 lie reward was given to fuch iierlttni as (l)ould make a 
 [KtfcH difiovvry of the faid (MlFagei it in lltrretbre 
 ena(!led, that if any Ihipsor vifUlt l)rl(ingin){ to lus 
 majeHy* fubjei'ti ihall lind out and liiil ihrnugh any 
 paltiige by (ca hi' ecn Hudfon's Iwy and the wiHcrn 
 ocean of America, the owners of fuch llu|)» or vcUrN 
 Hull be entitled to receive as a reward fur fuch ill fcoviry 
 the funt of Twenty-thouland Pounds." Ami a-i x far- 
 ther encoumgcment to pnifccutc this difc<>\ir\, and to 
 prevent obdruClion.i from intciclUd lurloni^ it was 
 cn.n.'kd. " that all perfoni, fubjivl* of In, MaicHy, le- 
 fiding in any plate where the faid adventurer* iiiay 
 come in the profecutionof this difcovcry, lliallgivi the 
 faid advcntiircr» all allillance, and fliall no way ol>- 
 (IruOf, molcH.or rclufe the faid advcMtiiiirs leafonablu 
 fuccour in any ilinrcfi they may fall into in the proft- 
 cutionof this ilifcover) " 
 
 Such wai the ciuouia^rnunt, and fuch the liberal 
 reward that was and u li-curid by parliament to tin- 
 fortunate difcovcrers of a north-weft iialliij^c to the 
 fjreat pacific ocean 1 a palFage which, it is^jciKrally bi-^ 
 leved, would o;kh a trade with nstion* on the nor- 
 thern continent of America, wholly unknown to the 
 iiiaritime powers of I'uiope, and fuppoful, liom their 
 fituation, to abound in cDiiimoditics eijii.illy rare and 
 precious witb. thofe of any other country uiuler the fun. 
 
 The fair profjKCt of alluring tame by enlarging 
 commerce, the hope of obtaining the parliamciitaiy 
 reward, and thedelire of expoliiig the difin^enuity of 
 Captain Middlcton, were incitements fullicient to pre- 
 vail with Mr. I3obbs to folicit the riiiiipment of two 
 ftiips for another voyage, whii h he m.ide not the Ifaft 
 daubt would find out the pn|laj>e lb long fought for in 
 vain, and by the advama^;es aumding the diiVovery, 
 exceed the moft fanguinc expci^btions of the adven- 
 turers. 
 
 The command of this expedition was given to Cap- 
 Hlis, who, on the 1 1 ft of May, 1 746, palled Yarmouth 
 in the Dobb's Galley, accompanied by the Californi.-s 
 Sloop, and convoyed to the north fea bv the I.00 man 
 of war. But in pmportion as Mr. Dobbs had tfattetvil 
 the avarice of the adventurers who were to fliare in the 
 reward, and had elated himfelf with the thoii{;hts of 
 triumphing over the difgrace of Captain Middlcton, 
 fo it happened, that when the fliips returned without 
 having elfeded any one thin^; of confajucnce, the cha- 
 grin of the former for having advanced their money 
 on a virionar)^ projed, ami the mortification of the lat- 
 ter in not being able to fupport his charge, Acre in- 
 creafed by every circumllance that could a^^gravate the 
 difappoiiitment. Captain Middlcton now triumphed 
 in his turn, and no fliip from I-'.ngland has fince been 
 induced to undertake the voyage, notwithllanding the 
 greatnefs of the reward. 
 
 It is ftill, however, believed, that government have 
 in contemplation another voyage to the north, to which 
 that of Captain Fhipps w.isonly the prelude; but there 
 is reafon to conclude, from what has alre.idy been (aid 
 of thefe latter attempts, and from the ill fuccefs of for- 
 mer undertakings, triat the difcovery of a north-weft 
 pafTage is not the fole objetil in view. The figure of 
 the earth, the phenomena of the winds, the variation 
 of the compafs, and the atiraclion of the m.-tgnet, are 
 point) yet unfettled, of infinite importance to naviga- 
 tion ; and it is not impoffible, but that a more careful 
 examination of the polar regions may lead to the folu- 
 tion of problems, that have hitherto baffled the enquirici 
 of the ableft navigators. 
 
 A very Hender acquaintance with the difficulties and 
 hardfhips attending nonhern difcoveries, will fully ac- 
 count for our knowledge of the countries fUrrounding 
 the pole being ftill very imperfcift. A brief recapitu- 
 lation of the fufferings of thofe to whom we arc moft 
 indebted for our information, will not, we hope, be 
 thought an improper conclufion to a voyage folely ua* 
 dertaken with a view tp enlarge it. 
 
 The firft who conceived the idct of explrving the 
 jiorthem regioni was Sebaftj^n Cabbot. 'That enter- 
 prizing 
 
For making DISCOVERIES (owardi the NORTH POLK, tu. 
 
 3J3 
 
 pritinK lU^igMOf, lonR before M«»IUn thought of ■ 
 iMiragc tothc p»tific ocewi by the touth-wcrt, h»d iiuUe 
 two voyages, with »view to Jiroit hii courfc to|he 
 fame fea by the north-weft. In thefe voyagci. he dif- 
 covercil Newfoundland, the cotft of the Efquimeaux 
 Indian*, and had penetrated at far u the 64th degire 
 of latitude, when a mutiny ainona hit men. or rather 
 anobftinatcrtfufal to proceed any further, otjligcd hm» 
 to return I yet he died in the oerfuailnn that a iMflagc 
 in that dircdtinn certainly esiftcd. and that he Ihould 
 have found it but for the oppofition of hit crew. 
 
 The next, who prepoflcfled with the fame notion, 
 undertook a voyage for difcoveriei toward* the north. 
 wa* Sir Martin I'orbilhcr. He difcovercd (irecniand. 
 and in the latitude of 61 deg. north, palTcd aftrait, 
 which, thoiffih it ftill hold* a place in our map*, ha* 
 never been found navigable flnce. \ Ic made two other 
 voyage*, difcovercd many bajr* and cape*, to which he 
 gave name*, but returned without attaining the prin- 
 . cipal objedl of hi* voyage, though like hi* predcceflbr. 
 he aflertcd the ccrttiniy of in ekiRcnce to hi* latcft hour. 
 To him fuccccdcd Sir Humphry Gilbert, whom 
 ij«3 traverfed the coaft of Labradorc. entered the 
 mouth of the great river Sc. Laurence, and, furround- 
 Ing the idand of Newfoundland, laid the foundation of 
 the cod (ifliery, which ha* been profecutcd with iiiu 
 roenfc advantage to hi* country ever fince. 
 
 The rapid progrcfs of difcoveriei in the fouthcrn 
 hemifphere, which about thiitimc were attended with 
 vaft profit to the adventurers, re-animated cotemporary 
 navigfiton to profecute, with more ardour than ever, 
 their enterprizci toward* the north. The more the pa- 
 cific ocean became known, the firmer the belief pre- 
 vailed, that a paflage into it by way of the north mud 
 certainly cxift, and that whoever could difcover it, 
 would not only immortalize hit lumc, but enrich his 
 country. 
 
 The merchants of that time were no lefs eager to 
 embark their moacy, than the navigator* were to ha- 
 zard their perfon* ijjany new projca, where the hope 
 of gain appcarr*^ Tu be well founded. A company 
 therefore of wealthy perfoni in London agreed to join 
 a company of merchanu in the weft, and to fit out 
 two ftiipa for the difcovery of a paflage. which all 
 agreed was praAicablc. though none could tell readily 
 where to find it. To the command of this expedition 
 Capuin John Davis wu ftrsngly recommended as an 
 able navigator, and of a bold and entcrprifing fpirit. 
 Accordingly, on the 7th of June. i6Sj, he fct fail 
 from Dartmouth, in the Sun-fhmc of fifty ton*, and ac- 
 companied by thcMopn-ihincofthirty-fivc tons.having 
 on board both veflcis fony-two hardy feamen. On the 
 19th of July they were alanned by a mighty roaring, 
 which was the more terrible, as the fog wa* fo thick, 
 that they could not fee each other at a fliip's lenj^th. 
 It proved only the crackline of the iflandt of ice, 
 which was not then very well underftood. On the 
 breaking up of the fog they difcovercd land, which, 
 from its horrid appearance, they named the Ljmd of 
 Defolation. Oa the 34th they were in 64 d^. 1 j min. 
 north, the fea open and the weather moderate. In 
 this latitude they difcovercd land, and converfed with 
 the natives, who appeared to be a harmlefs hdpitable 
 people, polite in their manners, neatly habited, and 
 not ill-favoured. Thefe friendly people, obfcrving 
 that the Englifti admired their fors, went up in the 
 country to wing down more, with which th^ traded 
 «rith much fimplicity. To an adjoiqins hill Davis 
 gave the name of Mount Raleigh. »om which be took 
 nis departure on the 8th of Auguft. and on the nth 
 doubled the foutbemmoft cape in view, to which he 
 gave the name of the Cape of God's Mercy, and en- 
 tered a ftrait, which bears the name of the dilcoverer 
 ro this day. In this ftrait he failed fixty leagues, and 
 on the 1 4th went on fluMv, and found evident fifflu of 
 human inhabitanu, being met by a pack of do^ 
 (twenty in number) that cxprefled their jov, aa if their 
 nuftcrs had beeii returned after an Interval of abfence. 
 One of thofe had on a leathern collar. The Captain 
 No. 40. 
 
 wa* highly pteafcd with the pmmiring appearand- of 
 the new ftraits, and confuting with the iitalter, agreed 
 to report, upon their return home, that ihey hud lui'nd 
 the wi(hcd-for palTage to the wcftcm fea. 
 
 The weather changing from temperate to cxcefTivt 
 cold, on the loth it wa* refolved to fct fail lur F.ng- 
 land. On the 1 ith of .September they fell in with the 
 land of Defolation, and on the 30th of the fainetnonth 
 entered the port of Dartmouth without the lofs of a 
 man. 
 
 The account Captain Davis gave to his owners was 
 fo well received, that other merchants weredeftrou* of 
 joining in a fecond expedition, and accordingly he was 
 again employed, and fumiftied with a much greater 
 force. 
 
 On the 7th of May he failed from Dartmouth in the 
 Mermaid, of rie tons, in company with the Sun- 
 (hine and Moon-ftiine a* before, and an idditioiul pin- 
 nace of thirteen tons, called the North Star. 
 
 In the latitude of 60 degree* north Captain Davis 
 divided hi* force, ordering the Sun-fliine and North 
 Star to feck a palfage between Greenland and Iceland, 
 while the Mermaid and Moon-ftiinc continued their 
 courfc to the ftrait a* before. In the latitude of 64 de- 
 ercci, and longitude 58 deg. 30 min. north from Lon- 
 don, they fell again in with the land, and met the fame 
 people with whom they had traded the former year. 
 Ovcrjoyetl to meet, they reiKWcd their acquaintance, 
 and while the bjigliOi wu prcf»ring a pinnace to faci- 
 litate their difcoveries, the natives came in numben to 
 carry on trade. As foon as the pinnace was fitted for 
 fea, Captain Davis difuatched her to examine the in- 
 lets on the coaft, and to trace their courfe up the 
 main land ( but that wan prududive of no eflcntial dif- 
 covery. 
 
 Though the natives attended them with anobfe- 
 quious diligence, yet on their kindling a fire in their 
 manner, aikd uiiiw fome ftrange ceremonies. Captain 
 Davis fuppofing them to be uiuig idolatrous forceries, 
 firft thruft the prieft into the fmokc, and then encou* 
 
 I raged his men to tread out the Hame, and to fpurn the 
 recking coals into the fea. Unable to bear the infult, 
 the natives for the firft time besan to fliew rcfentmcnt. 
 They fcizcd the boat from the ftem of the Moon- 
 fliine, cut the cable belonging to the Memuid, nude 
 prize of the implcntcnu that la^ upon the fliore, and, 
 in flrart, declared open hoftilities a^inft the aggref* 
 fon. who in return difcharoed their artillery among 
 them, which inftantly difperfed them. 
 
 No civilities, however, that could be ftiewn them, 
 after the indignity offered to their prieft, could ever 
 after reconcile them, and the year folfowina they fouiid 
 an opportunity to take a fevere revenge. In the mean 
 time one of them being made prifoner, was taken on 
 board the Mermaid 1 wlw, after recovering his fright, 
 trimmed up his darts, repaired his fifliing tackle, picKcd 
 oakam, and fet his hand to any thing he was fct about ( 
 and, after a time, became a very picafant companion 
 onboard. 
 
 On the 17th of July, in latitude 63 degrees 8 min. 
 north, they fell in with a continent of ice, very high, 
 like land, with bays and caps, and, till they examined 
 it clofely, could not be convinced that it was a mcM^ 
 congelation. They coafted it till the 30th, when the 
 weather became fo tempcftuoua and fogar, and withal 
 fo coU, that the ftiroudi, ropes, and uUs were frozen 
 and glazed with ice 1 and the men, who the year before 
 found the fea open aind the weather temperate, beaime 
 fo dilpirited, that in an orderly manner they addrriTcid 
 their Commander, and intreated him to confider their 
 prefent fituation, to have regard to his own life, and 
 the prefervation of theirs t and not thiou^ boldnela 
 and an indiftrect zeal for a hopelefs difcovery, leave 
 their widows and iatherlcis children to blacken his me> 
 moty with bitter curfes. Moved with their pitiable 
 repiefentatioii, he difchaiged the Mermaid with thoft 
 who were molt deiiitxM of returning home, and pm- 
 cceded in the Moonftiine to proiccute hit voyage. 
 Changing hit courfc to recover the opf)ditc (hore en 
 4 P the 
 
 I 
 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
 ■ > 1.1 II 
 
 t 
 
 'ir.'i 
 
334 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lorb MULORAVE's) VOYAGE 
 
 ^^. 
 
 I 
 
 the i(t ot'Auguft, in latitude 66 deg. -ij min. N. and 
 longitude 70 dcg. W. he difcovcrcd land, without 
 either ice or fi.ow. On the 2nd, they caft anchor in 
 ( line road, and in a day or two were vifited by the 
 natives, who came to traflic. On the 14th, they ftt 
 Tail to the wcftward, and on the i6th, changed their 
 courfe to the foiithward. On the 1 8th, they difcover- 
 ed a high promontory to the N. W. which having 
 no land to the fouth, recovered their hopes of a free 
 paflbge. 
 
 On doubling the Cape, they found the land trending 
 away to the fouth in broken illands, and coafting along 
 till ihcy arrived at a fine opening, in latitude 57 deg. 
 they failed i o leagues, w ith woods and lawns on each 
 fule, aliouniling with deer and game of every kind. 
 Here they llaid till the ift of September, and thenfct 
 fail, coafting along to the northward, where they 
 were again Hattered with the hopes of a paffage, 
 by obfcrving a ftrong current rufhing in between two 
 l.inds to the weftward, which they were very dcfirous 
 of approaching, but the wind blew diredlly againft 
 ihem. 
 
 On the 6th, returning to their former flation, five of 
 the caw tell into an ambulcade i for having ventured 
 on fliore unarmed in their boat, they were fuddenly 
 allaiilccd from the wooils, two of them killed upon the 
 (\HH, two gricvoufly woundcil, and the fifth made his 
 cfcapc by fwimming, with an arrow flicking in his arm. 
 The fame evening a furious ftorm arofe, which lafted 
 till the loth, in which time they in a manner unrigj-ed 
 t'licir Ihip, and were about to cut away her marts by the 
 bond, the cable of their (licet anchor parted, and they 
 cvci\ nicmcnt expected to be dalhcd upon the rock.s, 
 and to be made a prey by the fav.igc cannilnis of the 
 CO iiitry ; but the ftorm abating, and the fea growing 
 ralni. they recovered their anchor on the nth, and 
 nude fail for England. 
 
 About the beginning of Odober they arrived at 
 Dartmouth, where thfv found the Sunfliine, but the 
 North Star having parted company in a hard gale 
 on the; coaft ot Greenland, was never more heard of. 
 
 This iindaimted mariner had yet the courage to un- 
 dertake a third voyage, and then failed as tar as the 
 7jrddcj;ree of north latitude, but being dcferted by 
 his companions, wa< forced to return in great diftrefs 
 10 his old port. Upon his return he wrote a letter 
 to his patron, afluriiig him, that he had found an open 
 fea in latitude 7 < deg. N. and a llrait 40 leagues broad, 
 and concluded from thence that the paffage was moft 
 certain. 
 
 I'romthis period till the year 1610, we find no farther 
 attempts made to revive this difcovery ; but in that 
 y.ar Mr. Henry Hudfon, one of the moft celebrated 
 mariners of his lime, was prevailed upon to undertake 
 a voyage that was purpofcly fet on foot to make trial 
 of his (kill. He failed April the 7th, 1610, fteering 
 direiitly to Davis's Strait:, he there changed his couric 
 to thc,vilh\ ard, aod ftruck out a new track that no 
 mariner had ever failed before, which led him through 
 the ftrait that ftill bears his name into the great bay 
 that bounds the American continent on the N. E. 
 and fceins to communicate by various openings with 
 the north fea. Here he continued traverfing for 
 almoft three months in fearch of a paffage to the weft- 
 ward, but finding himfelf embayed, he ftood to the 
 fouth, intending to winter in the mildeft latitude the 
 buy would admit; accordingly, he is faid to have 
 wintered in latitude 51 dcg. N. longitude 80 deg. W. 
 •where on the ift of November his (liip was frozen in, 
 and being (cantily provided w ith provifions, the crew 
 ■mutinied, and in the end moft barbaroudy contrived, 
 as the w liter cxpreffcs it, to turn the Captain, the car- 
 -pcnter, al)d all the fick men out of the Inip, who were 
 ■never more heard of. After which the leaders of the 
 4iuitiny tkterminedto-make the beft of their way for 
 iinglandj but in their paffage home not a few pc- 
 ri(h?il( and thofc who furvivcd fuffered unfpeakable 
 niifciy. 
 
 " but notnith^anding this dilader, and that it was 
 *. . a 
 
 certainly known that the Captain and all who were left 
 behind were cither drowned, ftarved, or murdcretl, the 
 ppogrefs he had made in the difcovery erurouiaged 
 others to follow his track. 
 
 The next w ho adventured was Captain Button, a man 
 of creat abilities, courage, and experience. Patronized 
 by^^enry, Prince of Wales, he failed in 161 1, and 
 having paffed Hudfon's Straits, purfued a different 
 track from that of Captain Hudfon, leaving his dif- 
 coveries to the fouth, and fhapins his courfe to the 
 N. W, 
 
 After failing more then joo leagues, he fell in with 
 a large continent, which, from its mountainous appear- 
 ance, he named New Wales ; but finding no pafmge to 
 the weflward, he followed the diredtion of the land to 
 the fouthward, till he arrived at Port Nelfon, where he 
 wintered in 63 deg. 30 min. N. but, though he kept 
 three fires in his (hip conftantly burning, and his com. 
 pany killed incredible numbers of white partridges and 
 other wild fow 1, yet many of his men pcrifhed dv the 
 fcverity of the cold, which in that climate was almofl 
 infupportable. 
 
 In 1615, Captain William Baflin undertook the ex- 
 amination of the extremity of that fea into which 
 Davis's Straits opened a paffage, aiid he fo far fuc- 
 ccedcd, as to determine its extent, and to difcover an 
 outlet marked in our maps, by the name of Sir Thomas 
 Smith's Sound, which is probably the only communi- 
 cation between our northern bays and the great pacific 
 ocean, which nature has provided, in order to maintain 
 a general circulation, without which it is hardly pof- 
 fibfe to conceive, that the equipoifc of the globe could 
 for a moment be prefervcd. 
 
 In 1619 Captain John \fonk, at the inftanccof his 
 Danilh Majefty, undertcok this difcovery, and arrived 
 fafe at Cape Farewell, where though the tackle of the 
 (hip was fo frozen and full of ificlcs, that the niarinera 
 could not handle the ropes, yet next day it was fo hot, 
 that they were forced to work in their (hirts. He 
 entered Hudfon's Strait in the month of July, and waa 
 forced to winter in latitude 63 deg. 20 min. N. on an 
 ifland that ftill retains his name; but the hardfhips ha 
 endured almoft exceeded belief. In May 1620, he 
 found himfelf alone in a cave dug in the earth, fcarco 
 alive, and almoft morally certain, that all his mariners 
 were dead. As foon as the weather would permit he 
 crawled forth, and found, of all his crew, only two left. 
 By removing the fnow, they found fome frefh herlM 
 underneath, and by eating them, recovered from the 
 lirurvy. Unable to navigate their fhips, they abandon- 
 ed her to the favages, and, by a wonderful Providence, 
 got fafe to Norway in the pinnace. Being a man of 
 uncommon refolution, he was ftill folicitous to pcrfedt 
 a difcovery, w hieh had baffled the refearches of fo many 
 able navicators, and to acqu're glory, by accomplifliing 
 that whirli they had failed to attain. He aflerted the 
 exiftence of fuch a paffapr fo confidently, and laid down 
 the method of fintling it Co plaufibly, that he had per- 
 fuaded the merchants of Norway to raife a joint ftock 
 to defray the expences of a fecond voyage ; but apply- 
 ing to the King for his pcrmilHon and protcdlion, and 
 relating to him his own fufferings, and thofc of his 
 companions in his former voyage, his Majefty told him, 
 he had alrrtidy been the death of too many of his fub- 
 jei^s, and wondered at his prefumption to (cek to mur- 
 der more. To which Monk gave a quick reply, which 
 provoked the king to ftrike him over his flomach 
 with his cane. Whether the feverity of the blow, 
 or the fenfe of the indignity was the occafion, it 
 not certain ; but he quitted the royal prcfence with 
 marks of ftrong refentment, and returning to his 
 chamber, refufed aftiftancc, and three days after 
 breathed his laft. 
 
 Captain Luke Fox and Captain James were the 
 next who profeffedly engaged in this difcovery ; the 
 firft in a King's frigate, viduallcd for 1 8 months ; 
 the other in a fmalf vcffel of 70 tons, built at Brif- 
 tol on purpo.'e ; viduallcd and equipped by private 
 adventurers. 
 
 Captain 
 
 
mtirn 
 
 were left 
 Idcrcd, the 
 Incouiaged 
 
 {ton, a man 
 
 ratronizcd 
 
 |i6ii, and 
 
 different 
 
 |g his dir. 
 
 fc to the 
 
 fell in with 
 piu appcar- 
 ) palTage to 
 the land to 
 
 where he 
 Ih he kept 
 
 his com. 
 fridges and 
 hcd by the ' 
 |\vas almoft 
 
 k the ex- 
 nto which 
 
 fo far fuc 
 difcovcr an 
 >ir Thomas 
 communi- 
 reat pacific 
 o maintain 
 hardly pof- 
 {lobe could 
 
 lance of his 
 and arrived 
 ackle of the 
 he iharincrs 
 
 was fo hot, 
 fliirts. He 
 \y, andwai 
 n. N. on an 
 lardfhips ho 
 ly 1620, he 
 »rth, fcarc* 
 tiis mariners 
 i permit he 
 nly two Icfl. 
 frefh heriM 
 [^ from the 
 cy abandon- 
 Providence, 
 ig a man of 
 8 to pcrfedl 
 i of fo many 
 :ompIifliing 
 affertcd the 
 d laid down 
 ie had per- 
 joint ftock 
 but apply- 
 edlion, and 
 "lofe of his 
 y told him, 
 of his fub- 
 ck to mur- 
 :ply, which 
 is (^oniach 
 
 the blow, 
 ccafion, is 
 ;fence with 
 ng to his 
 days after 
 
 I were the 
 overyj the 
 I months; 
 ilt at Brif- 
 by private 
 
 Captain 
 
 For making. D.lJiC ttV E.BHE.S. towards rks^M O EL I H 1? Pi E^ ^. jj^ 
 
 Captain Fox departed in the fpringof 1631, traced 
 all the wetlem bays difcovered by former navigators, 
 examined the wertcrmoll part of Hudfon's Bay, and 
 returned in dgi. Me piililifccd a pomJabwA »cc0un,t 
 of his difcoveries, which, however, was never much 
 
 regarded. . - , 1 
 
 T)nthe jrd*fMa?, \6y; Captain J^mcs fctj Cia 
 torn ihe Swem's Mouirh, and on ihc «Qth of June 
 cleared Hudfon's Straits, where he found himfelf lb 
 pcftercd with broken ice, >u to put it ait of bis power 
 to profecute his difcoveries to the nbith wcftward, as- 
 he had intended ; he therefore ordered his matter to 
 ftcerW. S. W. and on the 27»h of July,after fuftain- 
 ingmoft dreadful ihocks, found Wihip cnclofcd h, 
 fa(\ among the ice, that, notwithftanding it blew a hard 
 gale, and all fails Crt, l\ic ,fttrrcd no mers than if Ihe , 
 had been in a dry Bock. It was now that tne min 
 firft began to murmur, and the Captain himfelf was 
 not without his fears, left they fhoijd here be frozen 
 up and obliged to winter in the middle of the fca. By 
 an obfervation whi^h they made upon the ice, they 
 found tbar iV^y w<m« ip latitude $B acg.54. miff. N. 
 
 On the 5th of next month to their great joy the ice 
 opened, and on the 6th, they were again in a clear 
 fea. On the 13th, feeing fome breakers a-hcad, and 
 loolfing to clear them, the (hip fuddenly ftruck upon 
 the rocks, and received three dreadful (hocks, but the 
 fwcll heaved her over, and on pumping (he made no 
 water. 
 
 They were now encumbered with rocks, as before 
 they had been with ice, and in the moft perilous fitua- 
 tionthat can be conceived, and fo continued two nights 
 and two days, every moment cxpcdting to be dalhcd to 
 pieces. On the fog's clearing up they faw land from 
 the N. W. to the S. E. by E. with rocks and breakers. 
 Pn the 1 6th they weighed and made (kil, w^en a 
 ftorm arofe and drove them within fight of Ptojt Nel- 
 ibn. Onthe 17th theyftood to thefouthward. On 
 the 2Qth they made land, in latitude 57 deg. N. where 
 they caft anchor, and called it the Principality of South 
 Wales. 
 
 Having weighed, on the 27eh they fet fail, and in 
 the evcnmg came in fight of higher land ; and on 
 the 29th thty faw a fail, which proved to be Captain 
 Fox, already menii'>'?<"d. They fpoke together, and, 
 after exchanging mutual civilities, parted. 
 
 Ciptain James kept coafting along the (hore to make 
 difcoveries, and Captain Fox made the beft of his way 
 for England. 
 
 The Captain now began to think of a convenient 
 place to wmter in. In ttiis attempt they met with fo 
 many difafters, that at lall'havin^ no hope left, they 
 began to prepare themfelves to make a good end of a 
 miTerable life. On ihe 19th they loft their (hallop, 
 chough lafhed to the (hip by two hawfers, and to their 
 inexprelTiblc grief their boat was almoft rendered irre- 
 parable. 
 
 Winter now bcga.i to fet in a-pace, the nights long. 
 
 the days clofe and fogt^y, the feas rough, and nothing 
 but f1ioal:i and broken land to navigate. Added to nil 
 thcfc the men began to lic;kcn, an univerfal dijcdion 
 \ t<f]pf^yailj i\Ai in. pr()p<jp-tiOii'»s; ^hcfrdiftije/ll^^- 
 trcafcd, their ftrcngth to bear up againll Ihcm grew 
 Icfs every day. 
 
 On the 4th o( Noveqjbcf, being in l^itudc ;; d<^. 
 N. they il-ll in. with an iflond. foom .\vbichihcy fuitfK^ 
 it impodlbic to depart. The men were quite worn 
 dpyvn with .fatigue, the. fails fo frozen as not to be un. 
 furled, the ropes congcaleiiin'the blocks, and the deck 
 knee-deep in fnow. In this forlorn condition they 
 buili^a tcnf on Ihorc f<x the (ick, and in this tent they 
 kept tires continually Diirniog tught'and dayj Bat the 
 cold increafcd fo faft, that beer, and even fpirits froze 
 by the Aif-Hde. , - 
 
 "^ht (lifferings oif the Giptain and crew from the 
 latter end of CXilober, when they landed till the 2nd 
 of July, wh.en th«;y departed, are hardly to be pareU 
 lelcd. 
 
 This was the laft voyage that was undertaken for the 
 difcoycry of a north-well patlage, till that of Captain 
 Middleton. From all which, and the' opinion of Cap. 
 tain James after his return, there is great reafon to con- 
 clude, that what we have faid of a north-eaft paflhgc is 
 likcwifc true of a paffagc by the north-weft, that it moft 
 certainly cxilb, but will never be foutid pradicable for 
 mercantile purpofes. 
 
 I'hc voyage of Contmodore Phippa, which his Mac . 
 jirfty, in a particulap manner, thought fit to patronise, 
 was equipped with fuch care and circumfpeCtiun, 
 that nothing was found wanting during the courfe 
 of it. 
 
 'I'o this voyage, we have prefixed a brief recapitula- 
 tion of the many attempts that hive been made for the 
 difcovery of a north-ealY pailage to China and Japan»- 
 andalfo have fubjoincd a like (ummary of tlic eater- 
 prizes fet on foot by government, or undertaken by 
 private adventurers, for difcovcring a communication 
 with the great Pacific ocean by a paflagc from the 
 north-weft. 
 
 The accounts are full of aftoniHung events, aod 
 wonderful defcriptionsofunconunon phenomena. In 
 them we read of rivers and lakes of ice, burfting with 
 imprifoned vapours ; and of rocks, forclls, beams of 
 houfcs and buildings, fplitting with a noifc not icfs 
 terrible than the loudeft thunder. Of brandy, brine, 
 and even fpirits of wine, cxpofed to the open air, only 
 for a few hours, freezing into a folid mafs. Of moun- 
 tains of ice frozen in the fca ' 00 fathom deep. Of 
 fnow hilh that never thaw. And of winds that bliftcr 
 the flcfh, and ftirivcl the (kin like red-hot iron. 
 
 In this part of our work the diftrcfles, dangeta, pro- 
 vidential deliverances, and unfpeakable fuftcrings of 
 thofe who have wintered in the dark and dreary re- 
 gions of the north, arc recounted with cicarneis ; and 
 the contents of many volumes arc comprized with care 
 and precifion. . , , 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 

 i ii 
 
 
 \4 
 
 NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT and NARRATIVE of 
 
 A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, 
 
 UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED 
 
 By Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSON, 
 
 In his Majefty*s Ship the CENTURION, 
 
 • • HAVING UNDER HIS COMMAND 
 
 The Gloucefter, Pearl, Severn, Wager, Trial, and two Store Ships. 
 
 THE Spwiifli dcpredationi in the year 1739, 
 havii^ roufed the national rcfcntmcnt, and the 
 pacific miniftiv who then were intruftcd with the ad- 
 miniflration of afl&irs, finding it imppflible any loi^r 
 to prevent a war with Spain, feveral projcdlt were pro- 
 pmod, and feveral plans formed, for diflrefTing the 
 enemy in the moft effcdfual manner, by cutting off the 
 refources by which alone they were encouraged to con- 
 tinue their infults, and by which alone they could be 
 enabled to Aipport a war. Amons the rcfl, two ex- 
 peditions were planned by Sir Charles Wager, then at 
 the head of the admiralty, and two gentlemen named 
 by him for carrying them into execution ; which were 
 no fooner laid before the privy council to be examined 
 than thc^ wereunanimoufly approved. 
 
 Capum Anfon, who wu nominated to command the 
 one, being out upon a cruife, a vefTcI was difpatched to 
 order him to return with his Qiip, the Centurion, to 
 Portfinouth 1 and Mr. Cornwall, who was appointed 
 to romnnand the other, was acquainted with the honour 
 conferred upon him, and dirmed to prepare accord- 
 
 :ly 
 
 here are not to be found in the annals of Britain 
 two cxpeditioos, remote in the deflination, yet having 
 a connexion one with the other, that promifcd equal 
 advantages with thefe to the nation, equal honour to 
 the pR)n)oters, or equal wealth and glory to the com- 
 manders: but by what fetality thefe expcditioni were 
 chan^x), or by what (latccraft one ci;ne to be laid 
 afide, and the other delayed, — who were the traitors 
 that betrayed the fecrct of their dcflinatlon, or who the 
 demon of fedudion was, that perverted the grand de- 
 fignto the pitiful purpofe of one rmelc pilfering pro- 
 jedl, remains at prefent among ihofe fccrett, which, 
 perhaps, a fecond Uairymple, in fomc remote |)criod of 
 time, maydifcoverj wh..: it will probably appear how 
 much the influence of Chilian gold had operated in de- 
 feating the moll formidable project for the humiliation 
 of Spain that ever was deviled t and how eafy it is for 
 a prime minifter of England, in the plenitude of 
 power, to defeat the beft-concerted meafures, backed 
 and fupfiortcd I7 the King in his council, when cither 
 pride, envy, avarice, or emulation, may prompt him to 
 oppofition. 
 
 The projeft, u firft intended, was to confifl of 
 two Arong fquadions ; one under Captain Anfon was 
 to take on board three independent companies uf 100 
 men each, and Hand's resiment of foot (who was him- 
 fetf to command the land forces), and was to fail with 
 all poiTiblc expedition by the Cape of Good Hope to the 
 city of Manilla, in the ifland of Luconin ; while that 
 
 commanded by Capuin Cornwall, of equal force, was to 
 proceed round Cape Horn into the South Seas, there to 
 range the coafts or Chili, Peru, and Mexico ; and when 
 the commander in chief had made himfcif mafler of the 
 royal trcafuresin that quarter, he was then to dired his 
 courfe to the Philippines, and join the fquadron of 
 Captain Anion. This done, they were to aifl in con- 
 junction, as circumdances fhould arife, or to wait for 
 frefh orders from government to proceed on frefh en- 
 terorizes. The reader will perceive, at firft view, the 
 vait importance of this noble undertaking, calculated 
 at once to enrich the nation, and to determine the war 
 w ithout the eiTufion of much blood ; for the places in> 
 tended to be attacked were at that time incapable of 
 refinance ; and as they were in pofTeilton of the royal 
 treafures, any fiiilure in the return of which muft of 
 neceflity oblige Spain to fue for peace, that haughty 
 nation muft thus have been fubducd without a battle. 
 But poftcrity will ftand amazed when they are told the 
 ifTuc of this projctft, on which Sir Charles Wager was 
 fo intent, that, though it was the loth of September 
 before Qiptain Anfon arrived in town, yet by tne 1 8th 
 he had received orders to ukc under his command the 
 Aigyle, Severn, Pearl, Wager, and Trial floop, and to 
 proceed to vidua! the fame with the utmoft cxpcdition: 
 
 Bcfore the end of December fuch difpatch had been 
 nLidc by that vigilant officer, thai the fhips were in 
 readinefs to take the troops on board , but kl January, 
 when Captain Anion attended the board to reccivc 
 fiirther orders, he was told b^ Sir Charles, that the 
 Manilla expedition was laid addc, for what rcafon he 
 knew not, but that the expedition to the South Seai 
 was flill intended ; and that he and his fquadron, as 
 their firft deftination was now countcrmanacd, fhould 
 be employed in that fervice. 
 
 Accoruingly on the loth of Januar)', 1740, he re- 
 ceived his commilTion as Commodore 1 yet it was not 
 till the loth of June that he obtained from the Duke 
 of Newcaftle his Majefty's inftrudionsi and even then 
 fo tamy obfUcles were thrown in the way, fo many 
 difficulties ftarted, and fo many delavs contrived, that, 
 bcfere he wns permitted to fail, which was not till the 
 Uitter end of Scptcmbei, the Spaniards were fo well in- 
 formed of his defigns, that a {icrfon who had been em- 
 ployed in the South Sea Company's fervice, arrived 
 feom Panama, and was able to relate to the Commo- 
 dore moft of the particulars of his ftrength and deftina* 
 tion, from what he had learnt amonfi; the merchants 
 twfore he left the South Scas; but a ftill more extraor- 
 dinary proof of their cariy and perfect intelligence was 
 difcovered afterwards, in the- coiirfc of the voyage, 
 
 when 
 
FROHTlSriECE. 
 
 1740, he re- 
 ^et it was not 
 rom the Duke 
 and even then 
 way, fo many 
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 at not till thc 
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Commodore ANSON'i VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 337 
 
 when the P»rl, being fepwattd from the reft of the 
 fquadnm. in a ftoim, on the codl of Brafil. fell in 
 %»ith the Swinifli Beet, that, during the unpreccticnted 
 delay, had been purpaftijr fitted out to ruin the ex. 
 pedition. and (bund Admiral Pifarro fo well inftrudted 
 In the form an^inake of Commodore Anfon'i broad 
 pendant, andmofe he employed had imitated it fo 
 cxadly, that Capt. Mitenell, who commanded the 
 l^ri, wai decoyed by it within gun.fliot, before he 
 wat aUe to dHcover hi* miftake. 
 
 All dcbyt being at length overcome,' the fquadron, 
 conlifting of five men of war, a (loop of war, and two 
 viduallingihipa, namely, the Centurion, of 60 gum, 
 
 £0 men, comnunded by Capuin Anfon, u Commo. 
 re I theClouceftcf.of 50 gun*, 300 men, of which 
 Richard Norrii, Efqt wat Commander 1 the Severn, of 
 50 guns, 300 n»en, the Hon. Edward Legg, Efq; Com- 
 mander; the Pearl, of ao guni, ijo men, Matthew 
 Mitchell, Efq: Commander 1 the Wager, of a 8 guna. 
 1 60 men, the Hon. John Murray, Commander 1 two 
 vicluallert. the Induftry and Anne pinki, ihc largeft of 
 about 400, and the other about 300 tons burthen; 
 were ordered to take the troops onboard at St. Helen's. 
 But how much the numbers, ftrcngth, and probability 
 of fuccefs. of this fquadron, were diminilhed by the 
 various incidents that took place in near a twelve 
 «K>nth's pracraftination, may fully be conceived by 
 what has already been faid. Had the honourable 
 Board from whence the fird idea of the expedition 
 originated been permitted to dircd, all the old and 
 •nlinary feainen On board the Ihips would have been 
 exchanged for fuchas were young and able; the full 
 eentplement of each (hip would have bci-n made u}.; 
 and the fait provifions which had been fo lung on board 
 in the channel would have been remanded on (hort, 
 and frefli provifions replaced in their room: but, in- 
 ftead of thefc necelTary precautions, the Captains were 
 glad to retain their old crews; the deficiency in the 
 numbers of which, anKMinting to more than 300 men, 
 was noothcrwife made up than by fcndina on bo;ird 
 about 100 cripples from the hofpiuls, anaa party of 
 raw marines who had never been at fca before: nor 
 • ere they more fortunate in the change that was made 
 V I the land-forces ; for, inflcad of three independent 
 rjinpanies, of too men each, and Bland's regiment 
 of foot, as (irfl priimifed, they had only 400 invalids 
 from Chelfea allotted them, one part of whom was in- 
 capable of adion by their age and iniirmicics, and the 
 otner part ufelcfs by their ignorance of their duty. 
 But this diminution of firength was not the grcatcft 
 misfortune that attended thele mcafurcs 1 the import- 
 ance cf the time which was wilfully waited was in iu 
 .onfequencet the foitrce of all thofe calamities to 
 which the enterprise was afterwards expofed, by 
 oblif t g the Coimnodore to make his palTu^ round 
 the (^■«pe in the mo(l tempefiuous feafon, wnen, as it 
 wasforefeen, almoft nil the invalids, to a man, pe- 
 hihed long before they arrived at ths place of adlion, 
 eipiring in a moft lamentable condition when they 
 came to be attacked with the fcurvy, w iih their utxindi 
 bleeding rrelli, which had Ixca healed fome of them 
 30, feme 30, and fomc+o years bctbre. 
 
 But to proceed : Of this voyage there arc two very 
 authentic and wcll-\vritt<;n accounts; one by Pafco 
 Thon's, the niathem.-itical malkr on board the Cen- 
 turion, who failed in her o>it of th<: Britilh Channel, 
 rnd returned with her in fafcty when (he arrived at 
 Portfrnouth, and was an cvc-witni is and careful ob- 
 ferver of all that pafTcd the other by the Rev. Mr. 
 Richard Walters, Chaplain to the ab;>ve ihip, who re- 
 ceived his material :, and every other alfiftance necef- 
 fsry to authenticate his narration, from the Comman- 
 der in Chief. 
 
 We have chofcn to follow the former i.. 'h narrative 
 of fads, as moft exad and leall iiabte to impofltion ; 
 but, in the cxplanator>-part, we (hall copy the latter ; 
 becaufe, though Mr. Thomas fuffercd nothing mate- 
 rial that pafled to efcape his notice, there were many 
 things trai^faitcd, tiie motives for which he couki on.ly 
 
 No, 4t. 
 
 
 gucfsati but thcfo motives Mr. Walters has, by meana 
 of the Commodore's alfiftance, been able to explain. 
 
 Bdhg quite ready about the bvinning of Septem. 
 her, 1740, we put to fea three diflvrcnt times, but 
 were aa often put back to the road of St. Helen's by 
 contrary winds and ftormv weather. At laft, on 
 Thurlday, Sept. i>, we (ailed in company with the 
 Lark and Sc Alban's, two of his Maje(r)'s Ihips, and 
 fcveral nwrchant.(hips, befidesour own fquadron; aiid 
 Saturdaf evening faw fome men.of-war, and a laive 
 fleet of merchantmen, waiting for us at Torbay. Ac 
 one in the afternoon wejoinedthem; and the Commo- 
 dore hoifted his broad pendant, which wu falutcd by 
 all his Majefty'sniips in the fleet with 13 guns each. 
 The King's (hips which joined gs here were, the Dra- 
 gon, Chatham, Winchefter, and South-Sca-CalUe, and 
 near 300 fail of merchantmen under convoy, (ome of 
 whom were bound to the Mediterranean, and others 
 to feveral pans of North America. We had at pre- 
 fent the command of the whole Hcet; and this (amc 
 afternoon, feeing a (hip to the fouth-weft, we made 
 the Dragon a fignal lor chafing her ; but (he proved one 
 of our own (hips, too far a-head of her ftation. At 
 four this afternoon, the Start Point bore from us E. by 
 N. at the diftance of eight leagues. 
 
 Monday the 3 2d, we law two fail to the weft ward, 
 and fent the Trial ftoop to (peak with them. They 
 were Dutch (hips bound to Curafoa, with foldiers for 
 their garrifons there. 
 
 Thurfday the 25th, the Winchefter and South-Sea- 
 Caftle, with the mcrchant-fhips under their convoy 
 for Virginia, and other parts of North America, parted 
 from us, and proceeded on their refpectivc voyages. 
 Ami Monday the 2pth, the Dragon, Cliathani, St. Al- 
 ban's, and Lark, with the merchant-ftiips in their charge 
 for th« Mediterranean, did the like; and we had now 
 no Ihip* left in company but our own proper fquadron. 
 
 Tuefday the 30th, we fiwke with a Dutch man-of- 
 war, who came from MaUa, bound for Amfterdam. 
 
 Friday, Odtober the id, we fpoke with two Eiiglifti 
 merchant-fliips from Lilbon (or New-York, and the 
 8 th we fpoke with a French (loop from Rocheiie. The 
 13th, one Philip Merrit, a common (ailor, died, which 
 I mention becaufe he wu the (irft man we loft on the 
 voyage. The next day, by an order from the Com- 
 modore, we went to ftwrt allowance ; that is, one third 
 of the allowance granted by government is kept back, 
 in order to make our provilions hold out the longer. 
 The 23d, we fpoke with a ftiip (rom Liverpool, and 
 the next dav with another from Glafgow, for the Cape 
 de Verde idands ; as alfo with a fnuU brigantine from 
 Falmouth for Madeira, who kept us company thither. 
 The next day we fpoke with a Dutch (hip from Surinam 
 for Holland. The 26th, at fix o'clock in the morning, 
 we faw the land bearing W. N. W. diftance fix leagues, 
 ard at four in the evening anchored in Fonchiaic road, 
 m ibrty fathom water, a-breaft the town of Fonthialc* 
 and about a mile and a half from it. Dunng this 
 whole palTage, we had almoft continually contxary 
 winds, and boifterous uncertain weather; by which 
 means, a pafliige which is very commonly made in 1 o 
 or 1 3 days, took us up 38. 
 
 Our bufinefs in this place was only to water, and take 
 in wine, and fome private ftock: but. foon after our 
 arrival, we were informed, that they had fccn from the 
 ifland, to the weftward, about 1 6 or 1 8 fail of (hips for 
 feveral days together, which were luppofcd to be a 
 jUn<aion of French and Spanifli (hips o( war; and as 
 we had reafon to ii^iaginc that our expedition had long 
 been knov .1. n »crc uas little room to doubt, but that 
 thofe ftiip< were dcfigned to intercept and deftroy us 
 before we rculd actcmpt any thing to the prejudice of 
 Spain. C t thu nc vi s the Commodore fent out an Eng- 
 lilhprivater which lay in the road, with one of his 
 own officeri, to fee f they could difcover them at fca, 
 and what ihey were; but flie returned the next day 
 havii^ made no difcovcry. 
 
 Nov. a, CajptaJii Norris, at his own rcqueft, bcioK in 
 an iU ftau of 'Ksaisli, with the cenfcnt of the Comfeo- 
 
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 4*.f. 
 
 dore 
 

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 838 
 
 CoMMODORK (afterward* Lord) A N S O N't 
 
 J I ' 
 
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 Hi. 
 
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 dorc quitted the command of the Glouccfter, in order 
 to return to England. The Glouceftcr wa» hereupon 
 
 Sven to Captain Mitchell, the Pearl to Captain Ridd. 
 ^ Wager to the Hon. Captain Murray, and the 
 Trial (loop to David Cheap, our Firll Lieutenant t and 
 one of the Lieutenant! of the Gloucener had 
 
 ai 
 
 quitted with Captain Norris. otir two matet. who had 
 Ions depended on the Commodore, were preferred to 
 Ije Lieutenant! on thii orcafion. 
 
 The 4th, at four in the uiccmoon, we weighed and 
 puttofea. with all the fquadron under our command. 
 An Englilh (loop, which lav in the road, faluted us at 
 our departure with nine gun», to which we returned 
 five. 
 
 The 6th, at four o'clock in the evening, we faw the 
 iOand of I'alma, one of the Canary illandi, in the la- 
 titude of 30 degrees north, and longitude from the 
 meridian of l^jndon 1 9 degrees 44 ntinutcs weft. The 
 ftmeday wc fpokc with a I'rcnch (hip from Marfcillcs 
 bound to Martinico, and the next morning with a 
 Dutch (hip from Amltcnlam bound to Batavia, the 
 metropolis of the Dutch fctttcments in the Ea(t-Indies. 
 
 The 1 1 th, about four in the morning, we crolTcd the 
 Northern Tropic for the tirft time in this voyage, in 
 long. 24 deg. 34. min. weft from London. 
 
 The 16th, being in the latitude of about 11 deg. 30 
 min. and the contrad with nurvidualiers expiring in 
 that latitude, the Anne pink fired a gun, and hoillcd a 
 red Hag at herfore-ton-maft head. to give us noticeof it. 
 
 Onnic next day all the Lieutenants of the fquadron 
 were by a (ignal ordered on board the Centurioo, and 
 erdcrs were given to unlade the Induftry pink, and 
 each (liip to take on board from her their refpeclivc 
 quotas of provilions; in purfuance of which we im- 
 nicdiatcly Dcgan to unlade her, lying by in the day. and 
 making an eafy fail in the night. 
 
 The 19th. having unloaded and difcharged the In- 
 duftry, at eight in the evening (he parted from us. in 
 order to proceed to Barbadpes. whither (he was bound 1 
 but the Commodore having entered into a new contrad 
 w ith the nufter of the Anne pink, flic was detained 
 with us for his Majefty's fcrvice, our fliips being too 
 much encumbered to admit of taking on board any 
 more provifions at this time. 
 
 The 2«th, about five in the morning, we cro(red the 
 EciuinoCtial, in the longitude of 2% deg. 1 5 min. W. 
 from London, the variation of the compofs at that 
 plaic being 35 min. E. 
 
 December the ad, at eight in the morning, we faw a 
 fail to the nornh-weft, to which we gave chace. At 
 night wc loft fight of her; but next morning we faw 
 Ikt and gave chacc -tgain, but in thi afternoon quitted 
 her. We iin.igincd this fail to be a tender on the Spa- 
 nilh fleet, (ent purjiofcly to get intelligence of us; but 
 on our ^irrival at the Cape of CJood Hope, in our re- 
 turn home, wc learnetl that (he was the Eaft-India 
 Company's packet Iwund for the ifiand of St. Helena. 
 
 The 10th, cxiKcting to be near thecoaft of Brazil, 
 wc founded, and found 67 fathom water, on which we 
 tii-cd a gun for a lignal, and altered our courfe more 
 to the fouthward. This day died Thonus Waller, our 
 furgtoii, who was fuctccdcd by Henry Ettrick, furgcon 
 of the Wager ; the furgcon of the Trial fucceeded him, 
 and Jofcph Allen, our furgeon's firft mate, was made 
 furgcon of the Trial. 
 
 The 1 1 th. wc fpokc with a Portuguefe Hngantine 
 Jroin Rio Janeiro, hound to Santos, one of the principal 
 I'umjgucfc fcttlemcnts in the Brazils. The 13th, we 
 croffcd the South Tropic fi)r the firft time, in long. 38 
 deg. 16 min. W. from London. 
 
 llie 14th, died Robert Weldcn. our purfer. who was 
 fucceeded 1 7 John Rule, purfer of the Wager, and 
 Commouce'-; Secretary: Thomas Harvey, one of our 
 midlhipmen, was made purfer of the Wager, in the 
 room of Mr. Rule. 
 
 The 17th, wc (aw the land of the Brazils, from W. 
 to W. S. W. very mountainous, and full of woods. I 
 have, for fcveral days laft paft. found, by my obferva-' 
 ijoni* a fttong current on thia coaft, fettuig t» the 
 
 iK 
 
 routhward near three quarter* of ainiic wliour, which, 
 perhaps, may be occalioncd by the neighbourhood of 
 the vaft river of Riodela Pbta: another obfervation. 
 which I fliall have occafion to make after our leavitw- 
 the coaft of Brazil, will very much coirobonte thM 
 conjcAurv. 
 
 The fame day, at four in the evening, we had 40 
 fathom of water, muddy ground t the ifland of Alvo- 
 redo, a fmall ifland at the north-caft end of the large 
 ifland of St. Katharine's, then bearing N. W. by N. 
 about eight leagues diftant i and the next day at fcven 
 in the evening we came to an anchor in twelve tathuiii 
 water, the nonh-eaft end of St. Katharine's bearing 
 S. S. W. about three miles diftant, and the ifland of 
 Alvoredo, N. N. E. r'jout fu miles diftant. Here we 
 found the tide to fet S. S. E. and N. N. W. Wc fent 
 afliore a Lieutenant to the fort, to compliment the 
 Cfovemor, and to defirc • pilot to carry us into the 
 road. The Governor returned a very civil anfwer, and 
 granted our reoueft. The next morning wc weighed 
 and ran up the harbour, and about noon anchored in 
 five fathom and a half water, in a place they there call 
 Buon Portos but being ftill too far from the watering- 
 place, we on the 30tn, about eleven in the morning, 
 weighed and ran farther up between St. Katharine's and 
 the nuin land of Brazil, and in the afternoon anchored 
 and moored in five fathom water, about two miles fronft 
 the watering-place ; and the fame evenii^ our thiru 
 Lieutenant went afliorc with materials for building a 
 tent, to (hclter the people who were to be employed io 
 watering. We likewife faluted the Portuguefe (bit 
 with eleven guns, who returned us the like number. 
 
 Our (hips beginning to be very (icklv, tcnu were 
 erected on (hore, one for every flup, and the (tck wer« 
 fent afliorc to them, with furgeons and proper attends 
 ance. 
 
 The agents for viClualling, of which we had two with 
 us, were ordered to procure what frcfti provilions we 
 could expend during our ftay here, which they accord- 
 ingly did) but though their meat, which is altogether 
 beef, was both cheap andplenty, i% was for thcgreatcft 
 part miferably bad, and (carcc fit to be eaten. 
 
 The men throughout the whole fquadron began now 
 to drop ofl^ apace with fevers and fluxes, occafioned 
 chiefly, I believe, by the violent heat of the climate, 
 and the bad air; the country being fo- very woody that 
 the air inuft thereby be ftagnatecl, and rendered un« 
 healthful. 
 
 We continued here wooding, watering, and over-, 
 hauling our rigging, till Sunday, Jan. 18. 1741, dur. 
 ing which time we had variable uncertain weather, 
 fonietimes fea and land breezes, at other times ftrong 
 
 Eilcs of wind, with heavy rain, thunder and lightning, 
 ut always excelTive heat. 
 
 While we lay here, wc gave our ftiip a thorough 
 cleanfing, fmoaked her between decks, in order to dc- 
 ftroy the vermin, and waihed cver^ part with vinegar, 
 which I mention bccaufe it is ablolutely neceflary in 
 large fliips, the ftench of fo tnany (ick pei;fons being 
 noifome in hot climates. 
 
 Dec. 21, lobfcrvedancclipfeof the moon, and by 
 comparing the time of the end of it, with a calcula- 
 tion 1 purpofely made of it in the meridian of I^indon, 
 from Sir llaac Newton's New Theory of the Moon. I 
 found the place where the tiiip then lay to be 49 deg. 
 53 min. to the weftward of the meridian of l.ondon. 
 The calculation itfelf. and the time it ended at St. Ka- 
 tharine's. I have unfortunately loftj but as the longi- 
 tude is thereby fettled, they are of no farther u(c, and 
 not worth retrieving at the trouble of a new calcula- 
 tion. 
 
 Before we arrived at this ifland, wc had received 
 from the dcfcriptions of Mr. liczier, a French author, 
 and ibme other pcrfons who had been on the foot, fuch 
 accounts as, together with the climate in unichitis 
 ficuated, gave us very.gicat ideas (fi its fruitfulnefs^ 
 and hopes of a plcntitul fupply of every thmg^ we 
 wanted tor a long run 1 but wc (bund ourfclves n)ifer« 
 ably miltaken in a!mo(\ every artisjic fit expected. _ 
 
 .. .^ Ail 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 339 
 
 Al here ve fevcnil flnc fandy bav», we had very gooti 
 fifhing with a fcine, for mullcti, old wivei, fting-ray«, 
 irtaid*. turbott. and other flat fifli, filver fifli, bafs, a 
 very boney long fifli like a bari, but which our feanicn 
 call a tcn-poundcr, and fomr other forii. Wc like- 
 wife had (Velh beef for prcfcnt expending plenty enough, 
 but fcarce better than the carrion that we gave to our 
 dogt. A-i for lemonf, limei, pbntaini, bananas, po. 
 tatoes, and other roots, fruiti, and greens, with which 
 thoftclimatn (Knerally abound, which the authors 
 nbove mentioned aver to be extremely plrntiCul here, 
 and Which we principallyr depended on foi- fca-ftores, 
 there were fb few at the time of our being here, that 1 
 believe we could have confiimed all that came to our 
 knowledge of thofe things in one day. The officers, 
 however, no doubt found plenty ; as Mr. Walters agrees 
 Inhisrciwrt with Frerier.that there was no want of pine- 
 apples, peaches, grapes, lemons, citrons, melons, apri. 
 cots, and adds, there were befides potatoes and onions 
 for fea-flores. SafTafras is here in creat plenty, and 
 ue cut much of it among other wood for fuel. Guai- 
 ■cum they report to be very plenty here likewife, but 
 I faw noneof it, nor heard of any perfon who did dur. 
 ing our ftay. Rum and fugarthey have in fmall quan- 
 tities, but very indiHcrcnt and dear. The inhabitants 
 arc a mixture of Portu<^uefc and Indians incorporated 
 together, and appeartobc vcry'poor, idle, lazy, igno- 
 rant and rude. I believe the original of the Portugiicfe 
 here was chiefly from felons, who fled hither from other 
 parts of the Brazils to Iheltcr themfelves from juftice; 
 they never till lately having any government among 
 them, except a Chief chofen from among themfelves, 
 who was more like a Captain of thieves and robbers, 
 ihan the Commander of a colony. At prefcnt there 
 are fome European Soldiers, and a Governor from Rio 
 Janeiro, uhofc name was I>on Joflc Syiva de Paz, an 
 expert cnpineer, who, as Mr. Walters obferves, under- 
 ftood one bran'h of his htifinefs very well, which is the 
 advantages which new works bring to thtffe who are 
 rntrulVed with the run of eredling them i for, befides 
 ■ battery on a neck'of land that narrows the channel 
 to a little more than a quater of a mile, there were 
 three other fots carr> ing on for the defence of the 
 harbour, none of which were then compleated. 
 
 The country, both the main and the illand, is moun- 
 tainous, and all over-grown with thick woods, and thofe 
 fo entangled with the un !er-growth of thorny briars, 
 brambles, and the like, :hat in nioft places they are 
 fcarce penetrable. Thefc woods are reported to be full 
 of very fierce tygcrs, which makes any excurfions into 
 the country dangerous, uniefs you go well armed, and 
 even then much caution is ncceflary. 
 
 They have here fome hogs and fowls, but I believe 
 not very plenty ; and in the woods are monkeys, apes, 
 arm-idilloes, and other wild creatures unknown to me; 
 as alfo parrots, parroquets, and many other forts of 
 birds proper to the climate. Alligators are faid to be 
 plenty near the ihorcs and in the lakes, but we faw none 
 of them. 
 
 The country appears 'o me to be a good foil, and very 
 capable of improvement, were the inhabitants more 
 civilized and indullrious. 
 
 This Uland lies in latitude 27 deg. jomin. S. longi- 
 tiide, as before determined, 49 deg. 53 min. W. from 
 London ; and the variation of the compafs 1 1 deg. 10 
 min. eaftcrly. 
 
 Dec. 27, we difcovcrcd a fail in the offing, and the 
 cighteen-oar'd barge was manned, and armed, and fent, 
 under the command of the fecond Lieutenant of the 
 Centurion, to examine her before flie ajrived within the 
 proteflion of the fort. She proved to be a Portucuefe 
 brigantine from Rio Grande ; but, though the officer 
 behaved to the mafler with the utmoft civility, yet the 
 Governor took offence at our fending our boat, com- 
 plained of the violation of the peace, and made that 
 « pretence for fending Don Pifarro the moft circum- 
 llantial intelligence uf our force and condition, as we 
 afterwards found by letters itttcrccptcd in the South 
 Seat. . . ^ 
 
 JaniL-lry 18, 1741, we left this ifland, having had a 
 melancholy proof how much the healthincfs o( this 
 place had been over-rated by former writersj <')r wc 
 found, that, though the Centurion alone had bui i(.-d no 
 Icfs than 28 men lince our arrival, the number of the 
 lick in the fame interval had increafcdtu 961 and this 
 very day we had three men die. 
 
 Before our departure the Commodore took every 
 precaution to prevent a feparation t but confsdcring 
 that, in fuch boiflerous feas as wc were about to en- 
 counter, he himfelf might be difablcd, he called the 
 officers together, and in a full council fo ordered it, 
 that, if but one (hip efcapcd, the expedition fliould not 
 be abandoned. Proper places of rendr/.vous were ap« 
 pointed 1 the time was fettled for flaying at thefc places ; 
 and, if the Commodore did not arrive in that time, 
 the Captains were ordered to put themfelves under 
 the command of the fcnior, and to proceed without 
 farther delay. 
 
 The 2 ad in the morning, we had very flormy wea- 
 ther, with fome thunder, lightning, and rain; and the 
 Trial carried away the head of her main-mafl. A 
 thick fog fucceeding, wc lay to, and foon after lolt 
 flght of the Pearl, the Trial, and the Anne pink. In 
 the afternoon wc got fight of and joined company 
 with the Trial and the Anne;, but the Pearl was flill 
 miffing. 
 
 From hence to February the 13th, very variable wea- 
 ther, moflly foggy from latitude 3J,or thereabouts, to 
 latitude ^9 1 the refl a mixture not much unlike our 
 weather in England in the month of Odlober, except 
 that wc had pretty often thunder and lightning, which 
 are nbt fo frequent with us in that month. Being pad 
 the latitude of ^6 degrees to the fouthward, I oblerved 
 the current, which had hitherto conflantly fet foutherly, 
 now on the contrary, fet to the northward ; and the 
 great river of Riode la Plata being fituated in between 
 J 5 and 36 degrees fouth, ftrengthens my conjecture that 
 thofe currents arc occafioncd by the flux and reflux of 
 that mighty river. 
 
 February 13, we faw the land from S. by W. to S. 
 half E. appearing plain, with very few riflngs, and of a 
 very moderate height, our foundings at that time from 
 46 to (6 fathom, the firfl mud, the latter ftony ground. 
 This day, at four in the evening we were w ithin about 
 four miles of Cape Blanco on the coafl of Patagonia, 
 and in 1 2 fathom water ; on which we hauled ofl, and 
 ran along the coafl, the foundings from 20 to 60 fathom 
 water. At five the next morning wc faw the land 
 from W. by N. to S. W. half W. with an opening near 
 the middle ; which I believe to be the harbour of Port 
 Defire, fo called by Sir John Narborough. The 
 northermofl lard in fight is Cape Blanco, and the 
 fouthermofl Penguin Ifland, fo called from the great 
 numbers of penguins about it, of which birds Sir John's 
 fliip's company killed and faked large quantities for 
 proviflons, and which he reports to be very good and 
 wholefome food. Cape Blanco, is in the latitude of 47 
 deg. 10 min. S. longitude from St. Katharine's 17 deg. 
 38 min. W. which makes it from London 67 deg. 20 
 min. W. taking the N. E. point of St. Katharine's in 
 49 deg. 42 min. W. to be about 1 1 min. to the eaft ward 
 of the place where the fliip lay when I fixed it by ob- 
 fcrvation. 
 
 The 17th, in the evening, we anchord about 17 or 
 1 8 leagues Ihort of the harbour of Port St. Julian, fo 
 called by Sir Francis Drake, who touched there in 
 his voyage round the globe, and where he condemned 
 and executed Mr. Doughty, the next perfon in com- 
 mand to himfelf, on pretence of a confpiracy to murder 
 him and ruin the expedition ; whence a fmall ifland 
 within the harbour is to this day called the Ifland of < 
 True Juftice. The next nwrning we faw a fail at S. 
 by B. which we believing 'to be the Pearl, made ths 
 lignal for the return of all cruizers ; but flic not mind- 
 it, as I fuppofe not feeing it, we ordered the Gloucefler 
 to chafe, -and at two in the afternoon the (/louceflef 
 and herchace, which to our great fatisfadjon proved to 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
i4« 
 
 CoMMonoR B (afterward! Lord) ANSON '• 
 
 i, I 
 
 f' 
 
 HI? 
 
 be Ihc IVarl, joined u*. They infbrmcd ui, that, on 
 
 {•niiury the jiO, their Cummamkr, Captain LXindy 
 IM, (lied I and thai on the 7th inftani they were 
 chafed by live brge ihips, which they believed to be 
 Spaniih men of war, and were (■ me time within guri- 
 (hot of them, though they never fircii a gun, having 
 endeavoured to decoy the Pearl by hoifting a broad red 
 pendant, like that of the Englifh Cotnnwdorc, at the 
 Admirarf tnain-top>inan head, and hopini by that 
 meant to be taken for oar (vommodow, and To to in- 
 veigle ami make Aire of their prcv t Captain Mitchell, 
 thus decoyed, narrowly efcapca them, by ninning 
 through a fpace of water, where the tidci or currents 
 making a great ripling, the Spaniards, who thought 
 it was rock V and broken ground, were afraid to folbw 
 her. Thcfe (hip* wc fuppofed to be the Sp«ni(h 
 fquadron, commanded by Adininil Rfitrtr. viie fame 
 who got fo great a name among than for his conduct 
 in bringing home their Hou fate into Port Andero the 
 lad year, eluding the visilance of oar fquadrona who 
 waited for them off Cadiz, and wai therefore looked 
 on as the propereft perfon to be fent to intercept us. 
 We Ihould not have been difpleafcd, however, to have 
 met them with our whole force, and did not much 
 doubt to have either deflroyed or difablcd them. But 
 the time of their dcftru<flion was not yet come t their 
 miferabic tate (hall be related in its proper place. 
 
 We were now, being the 1 8th, failing along (bore for 
 rhe harbour of St. Junan. 1 (bund the tide to fet here 
 N. and S. about a mile an hour. The time of flowing 
 here on the full and change days is N. E. by E. and .S. 
 W. by W. neareft. Wc fent one of our boMs with an 
 officer in-tliore, to found and endeavour to difcovcr 
 the inoutii of the harbour. At fix in the evening we 
 eame to an anchor in 1 1 fathom water. At eight the 
 lieutenant returned, having found the harbour. We 
 fcni afhorc our Iwats to make farther difcoveries, and to 
 endeavour fome to get frcfli water, and others to procure 
 fait, (of which Sir y Narborough obferved, when he 
 was here, th.it in I-ebruary there was enough of it to 
 load 1000 fliips) for the ufc of the fquadron in the 
 South S;as. VVe continued here till the 37th, during 
 which time wc (love moft ofour empty cafks, in order 
 to clear our (hips as much as po(nbtc, and got up and 
 mounted fu jh of our guns at wc had bclbrc (Irurk dovm 
 into the hold in order to cafe the (hips ( iur now, twt 
 knowing how (oon we might meet with the Spairilh 
 fquadron, it xas necdTaiy to have them al' in readi- 
 ncfs. Wc could find no fireih water here, find but a 
 >i«ry finall quantity of fait, and no oihe;- lefrefhments 
 whatever; all the country, as far as wc could difcovcr, 
 being quite barren and defolatc. We got (bme pro- 
 vifions out of the Anne vitfhialler on board each of .he 
 other(hips, re- -aired the Trial's malV, and alTiflcd her 
 and the vidhialler to overhaul and new>fix moft of 
 their rigging. Having loft the hopes of a fupply of 
 water here, wc were pat to the allowance of one quart a 
 man for one day, and t^rcc pinu for another, alternate- 
 ly ! bA, confidering our paflagc hr>d hitherto proved 
 extremely ftormy mi cold, and a dead time of the 
 year coming on very fiift, it was thought proper, in 
 order to keep the people in as good heart as podibie, 
 to give them whole allowance of all otlncr provifions, 
 which was otdercd accordingly. 
 
 Here we farther fecurcd our lower-deck guns, by 
 nailing quoins under the trucks, in rafc the tackles, 
 brccchings, or iron-work, might give way, or fail in 
 the ftormy weather which we had much reafon to 
 cxped. 
 
 Here likewifc the Commodore removed the Hon. 
 Capuin Murray into the Pearl, in the room of Capuin 
 Kidd ; and Capuin Cheap into the Wager in the room of 
 Captain Murray. He advanced Mr. Charles Saunders, 
 his firft lieutenant, to be commander of the Trial 
 Sloop, in the room of Captain Cheap ; and made Mr. 
 Picrcy Brett, firft lieutenant of the Glouccftcr, fccond 
 lieutenant of his own (liip. The 'I'rial being repaired, 
 and the Pearl, who had thrown about 14 ton of water 
 overboard when chafed by the Spapiards, being fup- 
 4 
 
 plied from the other (hip*, wc mode rcaiiy to pr^iccutc 
 our voyage. 
 
 This harbour of Port St. Julian is a barred harbour, 
 only fit to receive fmall flii|M and velTcls. We lay olf 
 in the road about two miles from the mouth of it. li 
 is not to be fern open from where wc lay, one point 
 fiiuttinginanothcri and before ar.»- rmai; (hip or vcfTcl 
 
 itrctends to venture into the h«rbour, 'Im-v ought to 
 end in their boats at low water, dtxl fix pwa or bunya 
 on the ends of the (hools, which, in a manner, block up 
 the palTage. The country about it is pretty much on 
 the levcrT except a few coplin^ hillock* to the north, 
 ward, and a prettv high one in the bay, which bears 
 W. S. W. from the pkcc where we lay at anchor. 
 TheUlitudeof Port St Julian is 49 deg. 10 min. S. it» 
 lon|[itade from London 69 deg. 48 min. W. and the 
 variation of the compars 1 7 deg. 30 min. £. Wc had 
 here uncertain boillcrous weather, with much rainw 
 fome fnow, andgenerallv thick fbg. wiili fo much winti 
 and fea as made us ride hard, Md lial^tnrcl our depar« 
 ture from this uneafy fituation. 
 
 Sir John Narborough and fome others write, that 
 they have often feen and converfcd with the inhabiunta 
 in this and other parts of Patagonia, and have given 
 wonderful defcriptions of them ( but as wc fuw none of 
 them, I have nothing to fay of that fort, nor intlccd do 
 I think there is any thing in this wild part of the world 
 worthy of the lea(t notice. 
 
 The 37th, at fix in the momina, we made the figiud', 
 weighed, and put to fca ^but the Gloucefter beingtong 
 in weighing her anchor, and the weather proving thicK 
 and hazy, wc loon loft fight of her, and at one in th« 
 afternoon, tacked, and by bv ibr her coming up 1 aC 
 fevcnwc fired agon, a fignal for her, and loon after 
 file joined us, having broke her main-yard in the 
 flings. 
 
 ftevious to our leaving this port, a council was held 
 on board the Centurion, at which all the ofticers by fca 
 and land attended, when it was propofed by the Com. 
 modore. that their firft attempt aftO' their arrival in the 
 South Seas, (hould be the attack of the town of BaU 
 divia, the principal fromier of thediftriA of Chili. 
 To this propofiiioo the council unaninHNifly agreed t 
 in confequence of w hich, new inftrwfiioiM were given 
 to the Capuins of the fquadron, by which they were 
 direded, in cafe of fepanition, to rendezvous at the 
 ifiand ofNcuftra Senorodcl Secoro, and th'^rc cruife 
 for 10 dayst after which, they were ordered to repair 
 to the height of Baldivia, and there betwce|i 40 deg. 
 and 40 deg. 30 min. to continue to cruifc 14 daya 
 longen and, il in that time they were not joined by the 
 reft of the fquadron, they were then to quit that 
 ftation, and dircA their courfe to the ifland of Juan 
 Fernandez. 
 
 March the 4th, in the morning, we pafil-d by the 
 Streightt of Magellan, fo near that we faw them very 
 plain; the northemmoft point of which, known by the 
 name of Cape Virgin Mary, I found to be in the lati- 
 tude of 53 cfcg. 38 min. S. longitude from London 70 
 dqg. (5 min. W. variation of Uie compafs 1 8 deg. 40 
 min. E. the foundings, when it bean about S. W. bv W. 
 at the tiiftance of eight leagues, from 33 to 50 fathom, 
 the bottom black-grey fiuid and mud. The afternoon 
 of this day being very bright and clear, with fmall 
 br.'ezes, inclinable to calm, moft of the Captains took 
 the opportunity of this favourable weather to pay a 
 vilit to the Commodore i but, while they were in com- 
 pany together, they were all greatly alarmed by a fud. 
 den flame which burft out on board the Centurion, and 
 which wu fucceedcd by a cloud of fnwak. However, 
 they were foon relieved from their apprehenfions, by 
 receiving; information, that the blaft was occafioncd 
 by a fpanc of fire from the forge lighting on fome gun- 
 powder, and other combuftibles, which the otficers on 
 board were preparing for ufc, in cafe we Ihould fall in 
 with the Spaniih fleet ; and that it had been extinguiftied 
 without any danger to the (hip. 
 
 The 6th, in the morning, we faw the land of Terra 
 del Fuego, confifting of nigh craggy hills, towering 
 
 above 
 
to pv^ccutr 
 
 f. 
 
 red harbour, 
 
 Wc Uy off 
 th of it. It 
 one point 
 
 lip or veflcl 
 i*v ought to 
 »«<■ or buoys 
 ler, block up 
 ttx much on 
 
 the north- 
 which bears 
 
 at anchor. 
 
 min. S. its 
 W. and the 
 l£. Wc had 
 
 mu(h rain, 
 I muih wind 
 
 our depar* 
 
 write, thac 
 c inbabiunt> 
 
 have given 
 : fuw none ut' 
 sr indeed do 
 of the world 
 
 Je the fifl 
 T being] 
 iroving thicl 
 t one in th« 
 ming up I ac 
 nd roon after 
 ■yard in the 
 
 ncil wu held 
 flicera by fea 
 by the Coin- 
 arrival in the 
 »wn of BaU 
 id of Chili, 
 xifly agreed ( 
 M were given 
 ch they were 
 Evoui at the 
 i th^rc cruife 
 rc'^ to repair 
 irec|i 40 deg. 
 jifc 14 days 
 joined by the 
 to quit that 
 and of Juan 
 
 paflcd by the 
 iw them very 
 cnown by the 
 le in the tati- 
 n London 70 
 fs 1 8 deg. 40 
 S. W. bv W. 
 9 50 fathom, 
 rhe afternoon 
 r, with fnnail 
 'aptains took 
 lier to pay a 
 were in com- 
 led by a fud- 
 entunon, and 
 ;. However, 
 chenfions, by 
 It occafloncd 
 on fome gun- 
 he otficen on 
 Ihould fall in 
 I cxtinguifhed 
 
 land of Terra 
 
 ills, towering 
 
 above 
 
 J»li<i ,•"'■• '( - /i.^^H, 
 
 JSn*tJi'iu\ \ 'if ISlrt-mrtltiritnv . 
 
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 A-Uil,7.„„ln > 
 
 ' fl 
 
 'i 
 
 
 ri 
 
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IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 Ut 1^ 12.2 
 
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 ... 
 
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 6" 
 
 >■ 
 
 Fhotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STREIT 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SU 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
VOYAGE not; ND Ihe WORLDi 
 
 34^ 
 
 iftxivetachotlKr,inb(Uy bowred-mihfnow, with^eepj 
 horrid valleyi, fome fcwfcattered titn, nopUdm, nbr; 
 «ne chtfurfiil ^gnenitHioagh all the difiml pmaelEkt fo! 
 •htt the whde ntay ndt iin|ntoperly be trmied the hand I 
 of Defektion ; and I tnoch qaeftidn whether • mote i 
 •dmuy a^piedt is to be fan ih any other 'pa#t «f the' 
 habitable earth ; for vofaaait fay this n inhabited. b«t 
 iiuely iu nriMibitanu muft be the mdft triifenible ttf 
 human briogi. ThaevoMU'weiayliy.that wc«night 
 ndt overihoot the StMiuiof Le Maiie iir^the night aj 
 'dwugh 1 believe, had ite kept on, iaiad ^i^lcd rouiid , 
 Statcn land, a finall ifland 'or it^o^ irhicn fie to the 
 •caftwand of thofe ftraits, and tf^her with Terra del 
 Fu^fnunettem, it ^rauid have beentimre to our. 
 «dvamige chan fay paflii^ throu^ them. 
 
 The 7th, at eight inthenxihnag, we Werevdry qear 
 « point of land on 'I\em tdel Fu^^, called €hpe St. 
 Jamei, bcaiinK £. S. E. another cklled Qtp« St. Vin- 
 cent, S. E. half E. the tniddlemeft of the Three BMk ; 
 then, bang tlwee high hilkdn Tern del I^Kgo,a|v.j 
 peajiigalinoft contiguoas to each otha-, S. by W. ianid ; 
 « veryliigh fcgar.hAfhill, called Monte Gorda, larthcr 
 up in the country, amd 'appearing above therh, bore 
 fbath from m. it i> b]^ tfaue nuirlS that you know you ; 
 are nearSciait-Le Mairet wid indeed we begah to 
 open them in this pofition. Sy noon we were almoR 
 throttgh them, being vffifted by ft very ftrong tide with 
 much (ipplirw, and which made to the fouihward 
 ibmewhat bewre 10 o^ch)ck ' in the morning. The 
 courfe through i* alMoft diw^Uyfeuth, and rheK are 
 noflMakaar'roCfcs in thepafla|tt from whence you; 
 nny incor any danger; the only thing you htve tb ftar 
 is, the ride's taming againft you while you Ut in the 
 ftraits, for in dutt cafe you ore Ceruinly hunicd back 
 uain, and can have no :pafll|ge there till the ndxt turn ' 
 of the tide. The breadth ortMs ftrait may be about 
 fix or fcven leaj^es. and its lei^h ibout ftvcn or 
 eight I whichbeiittpaiiMli ytMi enter into a v«(l op«fn 
 ocean, commoniy Known by the name t>( the South 
 Sea. This ftnit lies in latitude j5 dtjg. S. longitude 
 fiom London'67 d(g. somin. W. variaitionorthe com- 
 pab 11 d». 36 min. B. (buhdings in the ftraits from 
 43 to 58 nitlwm, the bottom bnck fand and pebble- 
 ftones. In palling through here, tnir joy was irtCrcafed 
 by the brigntnefs of the fky and the ftrenihr of the 
 weather, wliich was indeed remarkably pteaiirtgi for 
 though the winter was now advancing apace, yet the 
 morning of this day, in its brilliancy and mildnefs, 
 
 gve place to none we had fcen fince our depatttire 
 Hn England. Eiut we here found what was confttM- 
 ly verified by all Our obfcrvaribns In thcfe high iMi- 
 tudes, that fair weather was ever the forenirtn^ of>a 
 fucceeding ftorm, and that f^inftiinc and tempeft fol- 
 lowed one another like light and ihide. We had 
 fcarcely reached the ftmthMn extremity of the ftraits, 
 when the fereniiy of the fky, which h«i fo much fht-: 
 tered our expe^tions, was *ll it oitee dblburM, the 
 wind fhifted to the fouthwant; 'and the fta began to 
 fwdl to' an aftoniftiinc height. Before night the teni- 
 peft arofe, and the tide, which had hitherto favoured 
 us, turned fhriouflv againft us : fo that, Inflead of pur- 
 fuingour intended courfe, we were diiven to the eaft- 
 ward. by the united force of wind attd cUrl«nti witn fo 
 much precipitttion, that in the momimr we^nd our- 
 felves leven leagues to the eaflward of Strait Le Msire. 
 From this time we had fuch a continual fucceflfen of 
 tcmpeftuous weather asfurprized thedddl ahd ftioft 
 experienced mariners on board, and oblwed them to 
 confefs. that what they had hitherto called ftorAuw«re 
 inconftderaUe gales conipaitd with the videtace trf' 
 thefe winds, which raifed fuch fliort and at the fiune 
 time ftich mountainous waves, as greatly furphflM in 
 dangler oil feas known in aiw other part of theghM: 
 and it was not without reafon that this urtufual ap.. 
 peanAce filled us with continual terror; for, bad iAv 
 one of thefe waves broke fairly over us, it muft in m1 
 probabilitv have fent us to the bottom. Nor did ^ 
 efcape with terror only ; for the ihip rolUttg incefliuitly 
 gunwalc<to, gave us fuch quick and violent fiwtimu, 
 iNo. 41 . 
 
 itbat theiiie(iwierein:^eirpetiiai dAn^of beiAgitoflieli 
 ftgabiftthe'maRsorfiaea'ofthe fliw: ahd though wt 
 were eatreknely autm to fecuittourfdveS' from thefe 
 ftockt Of gnfpmgicdfiMde focad bo^; yfct'msny df ouir 
 pedple win fbicednrihi their hbldki foirietf f ^MhMn wene 
 Killed, ntd otbersgicniy^iitcd r in particular, bite 0f 
 oar Mftifeamen -wis carried over4)0ard and dlt>\trncd. 
 another diflockted His herkj a third ivis thrown into 
 the nkairt holdi and 'Hroke hit thigh, and on): df out 
 boatfwain^ ihatils broke his collar-bone twice; nott« 
 knemion nolnv other accidetlts df the fame kindh 
 Thefe Mmpefttt,ifo'dreadfUI ih themfel«es. though unu 
 attended' by any oriier unfiivourable ciicuthftiince, Vfet6 
 eendemd moiemtfohievous to us bf thcilr inequality, 
 hnd (he 'deceitful intervals which they at fiune titaii 
 afforded; for, though we were often oUiMd to lie.«9 
 foi-daystooether under a reefed Yniceft. and weir frtf- 
 quentqr reouccd to lie at the mercy of the Ht^aves (indcfr 
 jimhuK poles, yet now and then we vehtured to make 
 fail with our courfes double reefed ; ind the treath^r 
 
 £ roving inore tolerable, would perhaps ehcourage us ta 
 » our top-falls: after which, the wind, without any 
 -previma notice, would return upon us with redoubled 
 lbkce,and would' in an inftant tear bar fails from the 
 yards. And, that no circumftancfe hiig^t be waiAinl; 
 which could Mnavate our diftrefs, thefe bhfts generally 
 forousht with riiem a great quantity of fnow and fleets 
 which cafed our rigging, and froze otir Ihils, thereby 
 rendering them andour cotdamt brittle, and apt td 
 6apr upon the flightcft ftrain. atMihg inexpteffible dif- 
 ficulty and labour to the working oTthc ihip, benumb- 
 ins the hmbs of the people employed in handing tht 
 fiJIs, or handling the hJpes, atici tnaking thcin incipa- 
 Ue of exeiting themfelves with their ufaal aftivity, 
 ahd even difitbling many by mortifying their toes ami 
 
 nd now, as it Were to odd the fihiihing ftrbfce to our 
 mrisfoltunM, our people.bo»an to be univerfaliy aflSifted 
 with that mbft terrible,obitinate, and, at fea, incurable 
 difeafe, the fcurvy, which quickly nude a moft dread- 
 ful havock amoiig us. bc^nning at fhft to carry off twd 
 orthrteaday, butfoon increafine, andatlaft carry- 
 ing off eight or ten; and ai mbffof the living were 
 very ill ofdvc fame diftemper, and the little remain- 
 der who ^ferved thtir healths better, in a manner 
 3uice worn out with inceflimt labour, I have fome- 
 mesfeenfouror five dead faodiesj fome fown up m 
 their hammocks, oUiers ndt, waihii^ about the decks, 
 forwantof help tb bury iheiti in the Tea. But as the 
 particulars of all the varioHii diikfteTs and fuflerings df 
 varioiib kiiNls that befbl usiwould be endiefs, I ihsdl only 
 mention a few. 
 
 The lOdi, itth, and 12th, very ftormy weather, with 
 fnow and fleet, and a very gteat ovfcrgroiirn fea frofti the 
 
 The I sth one WiHiaHi Baker fell dverboard and was 
 drowned^ The 1 6thi the Anne pfiik; which had C^pi* 
 rated frtJm us the 1 1 th in the flormi again joined us, in 
 tat. 59 deg. 20 min. S. 
 
 Part of the 17th, I Sth, and 19th, very ftrohg gales, 
 and a great rollit^ fea from the N. W. 
 
 The i 8thi wt had again ftroiig gaits of wind with ex- 
 treme CdMi and at midnight the inaiit-top-fafl f|>lit^ 
 aiid one df die ftnps bf the inain deMd-<yes brbke. 
 
 The 23d, and part of the 24th, a mdft violfent ftohti 
 of wiiidi hail, and rain, with a v£iy iofbr feii. The 
 43dj ill thecV«nii^ We fpriingth«ittiatti:ttrtjcifli| yaid, 
 andiblitthititain^il inton^, the ^likteft t^rt 6f 
 WhiQh Was MdWH overboard. On di^ iledd^iits we 
 flirlfed all our bthtt fkils, aiid lay-to tinder it thizen. 
 
 The latter part 01 the a4th proving more modenitC, 
 #e btfht a litiW main-fail, got do^ the brdktn maiii. 
 MMul yan].ahdgot up at^d rigged «nikhi^ iitjMbkce. 
 
 Th^ i^thi it Wfcw a very hnrridlm*, aftd ife^ed o« 
 td tM hbtmty of Ivirig^to imdet diir b&i ptAn. As 
 dur OM kepi! the wind bettd- than aiw df dM i^ft, we 
 iMTcf dUigMiri the afternoon td wear fhipi in doing df 
 ^hieh, we had iw dthcf eJtpMicMt but cluping the 
 heMi a w<<ttth(r, aiid inaitning tht foRi-ffaraudB ; m the 
 ♦ ^ execution 
 
 
 i'i'y 
 
 
 
 'ik 
 
 
 m 
 
 i! 
 
3,4t 
 
 CoiiUckton B>i (aft^wcrdt' Lok o) A N 6 O N's 
 
 execution of which nile had <ine.of«ur bcft meaouitied ' 
 overtxMinJ> We|:fntetved,,that,.noewith(hihdiiig the 
 oDOdjgicma .agiraiHHiaof I the fwtvgi« he fwun nay > 
 ^rons i and: k wii> #ith . khe uttna^ concern that cwt > 
 jfound OHffiHwa iir>iftthllr of aflifting hinu Indeed ^ ^ 
 rwere th« mpK griev^at his Unhappy filte, aa we ktft > 
 ^fight of him (iruggling with .the waves, and con- : 
 ,ceived, from the manner in which he fwini, that, he { 
 might continue feikfibfae liar a confiderahlc time kmger < 
 ,of the horror attending hii irrctricvable.iituaiMn. : ■' \ 
 .: The 26th being fomewhat more moderate, we fiwnd j 
 .two of our mainrihroud* broke, which we repaired'; ' 
 we likewife bent our main-top-fail, and made fiiil. 
 
 The .10th. in. the evening, the. GJouceiler.made a 
 ;fignal of diftrefs; and, on fpeaking with her, we fob d 
 , flie had brokie V<3r n>ain-xard in the flingy ; an iicoidetit 
 thf more grievous, as it tended unavoidably to delay * 
 ut in thete. jnhofpit^bie latitudes, where xniiy ntonrKnt ^ 
 we were in danger of perifhing. The weitherprdving . 
 favourable, 4II tlie carpenters were ordered on board the : 
 Glouceftcr, and next day Ihe was ready to fail. 
 
 The3d,.4th, cthj and 6th of April, a continued '. 
 i^flprmpf windai^dniin : adreadfiilfca,ai)d very cold wea- { 
 thcr^ , We lowered OMr yafdl. fiirlcd Our courfes^andlay | 
 byforthemoftpart vndera miueaandmi^zen-ftay-fail. 
 The 3d, about 1 1 o'ckKk at night, a raging fea took us 
 on the larboard quarter, where it ftove in the quarter 
 gaUery, and rulhed.into the (hip like a deluge. For 
 . lomc time it l^i|^,t^e fliip.down upon her fide ; but (he 
 providentially .righted ^in. though flowly; it threw . 
 down and half drowned aU the people on the deck, 
 . broke one of the firaps of the main dead-eyes, and 
 fnapped a mizzen and puttock (hroud. This was the . 
 greateft fea which we had encountered fince we came 
 into thefc partj, and we met with butone fuch fiFoke| 
 more in the whole voyage ; two or throe fuch fucceeding ; 
 jnu(l certainly have (cnt ^^ to the bottom. 
 
 Thc7th,8th,9th,a(ul ioth,.lcontinued very ftormy' 
 and fqually, with fnow, hail, rain, and a large fea; the - 
 weather continuing very cold. 
 
 The 8th, at four in the evening, the Anne pink made : 
 a figpal of diftrcfsf and, pn fpeaking with her, we 
 foi^pd Hie had fprung her fprc-Aay, and the gammoning 
 of h^r bowfprit. > 1 his >yas the more unfortunate, as' 
 . none of the carpenters were yet returned frciin.the 
 Gloucedcr. Nor was the , Anne the only Ibip that fiff-, 
 fered in this (lorm; the Wager loft her^misZcn-Maft and 
 main-top-fail yard, owing tp the basnets, of the iron 
 work. In this dilcn|in# we wercoUiged toi bear awiy 
 till thefo ihip had made aU iai&. . , ' 
 
 The iqth, foggy and hazy. This afternoon the Se-! 
 vern and Pearl were fiira-ftem, and feemed to me toi 
 .lag defignedly. We made a verv es^y ful all da^«,and - 
 lay by at night, and fired fevcral gun*. as !li (ignal for; 
 them to join us ; the weather being pretty modera.ot, | 
 ,.andi the iwind fair far them, theyoivht havt eiTc^lcd it^ 
 . with cafe. ; By the clofe of thn evening we qoiild but : 
 juft fee them, and fro<n that time faw them no more. ' 
 However, we heard afterwards in the South Seas, t^' 
 lettersjuken on board fome of the Spani(h (htpt of 
 'their arrival at Rio Janeiro in the Biai^Hs. < 
 
 . The ijth^ t)ic w^thf r proved .^imewhat more mo- 
 derate. At half ah hour paft one in the morning we 
 TaW two iflands right a-head,at about two leagues dif- 
 uncc : we immediately wore our (hip, and (tood oS to 
 thf fouthward., Thole iflanils were very unexpeAed, 
 ~as ^eli as unwelcome, we imaginiiu; we had been to 
 -fthe weilw^,of all lands and iflancu of the (joift 9f , 
 Terra del Fuegp; but #e now found wr miAa^t iind 
 that-thcre was a necelfity of our ftanding iarthet^ to the 
 fouthward, itt order to get a fuflicient welling. Thofe 
 ina'tidf, I find to lie in the latitude of 54 deg. 30 min. S. 
 lonra^t^ (ron> London S4 dfg. to inin..W. f4r. 
 .' W4tasJ|u|upfrs the land we fftll in with on thi| oc- 
 'caiion tp.$c Cape Nbir,ah4afart of Terra del Fuego. 
 ' From tiiiii'^une to the. a3d,w(e bad notluQg re- 
 • markable, jhe weather continuing uery unceittin and 
 ' variable, wtth a lame fea and « very cold air i and the ' 
 'aift.ati^at iHi^t, we were in the latitude of ^d^. 
 
 ;C foim. S. being the greatcft £>uth latitude we made 
 duriag the voyage. 
 
 ': ;Thc ajd^ veqr hard gales and: fqualls, with much 
 said. This evening we lo(t> fight of the GloMceftM. 
 Wager, Triair and Anne pink^Mlng all the retaainder 
 of our (bwidron,! after the defrdion of the iseveni and 
 Pearl. The Wager's unfortunate cataftrophe is well 
 known I the OChen afterwards joined us at Juan Fen- 
 nuidex, aa ihaU'be related in its proper place. 
 
 The-alfth, stbh; and' a6th, the wind being moftly 
 fiiif, though ftill blowing hacdi #e made pretty gocM 
 rUns under fcaicafyifail to Che north-weftward.. The 
 34th it blew ft hurricane, and the men endeavouring ts 
 hand the top&ila, die clewfUnes and bunt-linca broke, 
 andthe(heet beiriff h»lf fhrnm, every feam in the fotis^ 
 Gopfail wu . fooa fplit fi«n top 00 bottom, and. the 
 iMlfl-topliail (hopk fo fttagly in die litind, thatiit cfiiu 
 ried away the toplanthorw, and.endai^onl thc.heiil 
 of the rtiaft 1 however, at -length, foihe of, the ,mott 
 daring of our men ventured upon die yard^ and cm the 
 fiiil away clofeco the reefs, though trith theutmoft ha- 
 zard of. their livM. whiiftat the, fame ^ime the fine. 
 .topfaU beat about the y8rd:i\vith f& much fiiry that it 
 ,wa» foon blown to, (hrsdsi- nOr was oar attention to our 
 bopfailsour..fale.«mpl<>ynient: ibr the mainJail blew 
 loofe, which obliged us to lower the vard to fecure the 
 fail, and the fore-yard beite likewife lowered, we lay to 
 under a mizen. The t25tn. we .found much of bur 
 n«iningt rigging brttkeri, which-iwe ; repaired..^ The 
 vjtb, wcibent othtr lopfaik In the places of thofe fplic 
 Nothing tofote remajrkilble the reft, lof this month and 
 the firft week in the nextj but ftormy unceruin wea- 
 rhcc,!^nd great fickncft and.moi ulity among ourpeople. 
 
 F:id;:y, May 8, at (even in the morning, law the 
 snain land of Patagonia, appearing in high mountains 
 covered moftly with iitQl|t< We llkc«dlc law (cveral 
 iflands,; one, of which! we took .IOj ,be the Ifland dd 
 Soccoro, fo called foy Sir J<thn NarlmOugh, in his ac- 
 count of his voyi^e into thofe parts: and from the 
 fine delcription thw gcntlcniao had given of this ifland, 
 (having been there in the very height of fummer), 
 this place wat appointed for .Mir fUfftgeoerai rendes- 
 vout., in the South Seas< An unhappy appointnnent it 
 was initsconfequencest for when the people, already 
 red|i<.ed to the laft extremity, found this to iK'the plat*; 
 of rendezvous, where they had hoped to meet the reft 
 of their companions with jpy, and what a miferaUe 
 parr.pf the world it appeared tp be, their grief gave 
 way.rtadcjfpairt they (aw no^cnd of their fuffcrti^, 
 DOT any door ppc|i':lo ; their fidcty. Thofe who had 
 hithertp been well.«nd in, heart, now full of defpon- 
 dency, felldovit fickencd, and died; and, to fum up 
 this n^laqcholy part^ I verily believe, that our touch- 
 ing p»;this.ffi)»ft, i^loog flay we made, here, and our 
 lHndr>9m:e.>bfeNA winds,, which we fliould have 
 avoidfid >in 9 dw(4(^!CflUEf(;toJuan Fernandez, loft us at 
 ha^^A^ryoctf ^0(|llt 9f4 ;ibk;,nien at any in the 
 navv. This unfpeakablii 4<i91rin>'Was . ftill aggravated 
 bytne diftcultieaivvt found in working-the (hip, at the 
 f^rvy had by ^hi^time deftrpyied no left than 300 of 
 Wf nwHi: ;mhI haid in,(bin<> dup^e a(f«3ied .Almoft the 
 wJ)ol«Ct«Wn. I( were, iqdeedk. «odlefs to recite mi- 
 nutely the.>i3iriauadiAftcn* fatigues, and terror^, which 
 we ^ncounterod on this coaft; all thefe went on in- 
 ccnifing till the ^ad of May, at which time the fury of 
 all the' ftorms which we had hitherto experienced, 
 fi^efngS tobecpmbimed, and to have confpired our de- 
 ftrudlion. Jn.this hurricane almoft all our fails were 
 .fplit, andjgRiat part of our ftanding rigging broken; 
 ^ndi^abouf eigt>t in thf cvenine. a mountainous over- 
 grown fea took us on our ftarooard quarter, and gave 
 us fo prodigious a (hock, that fcvcraJ of our fliroudt 
 broke with the jerk, by which our ma(ts were in dan- 
 gj(^ of cpqiiqg oy the board; our ballaft and ftore* too 
 yr^rc ,(p ft^ngely fhifted, that the (hip heekd alter- 
 ^■;|fds, two (tricks a-port. Indeed, it was a moft tre- 
 qpendous blow, and we were thrown into the utinpft 
 .conObemation, from the apprebeidion of inftantly 
 foundei;ing. Qur deplorable lituation allowing no lonr 
 
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 VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 343 
 
 gerany room for deliberation, wc flood for the ifland 
 of Juan Fernandez i and, to fave time, which was now 
 very precious, our men dying four, five, and fix in a 
 ^ay, we endeavoured to hit the ifland upon a meridian 
 courfe. On the aSth of May, being nearly in the pa- 
 rallel in which it is laid down, we cxpcfted to have 
 feen ir, and indeed the Commodore was perfiiadcd that 
 he did fee It I but all tht other officers being of opi- 
 nion that it wu only ■ cloud, to which the hazinefs of 
 the weather gave too muchcolour, we made fail to the 
 eaftward, and by fo doing lofl near 14 days in rcco- 
 •vering our wefling again. This was a mod fatal dif- 
 appointtnent ; for in this run we lofl about 80 of our 
 men, which, probably^ had the Commodore's advice 
 been attended to, would moft of them have been favcd. 
 
 The 8th of June, at fix in the evening, we at length 
 faw the ifland of Juan Fernandez, bearing N. by E, 
 half E. about 15 or 16 leagues off. The loth, at two 
 in the mohiing, we anchored in 56 fathom, clofe under 
 the N. E. end of the idand. At 10. iffthe moming of 
 the I ith, we with much labour and difficulty weigned 
 our anchor, and at noon happily moored our fhip in 
 the Great Bay, about a mile from the (hore, in 52 fa- 
 thom water, to our inexpreflUble joy, having been from 
 St. Katharine's in the Brazils to this place 148 days, on 
 fuch a dreadful and fatal paflage as I believe very few 
 other perfons ever experienced. 
 
 Theiith, at twoin the afternoon, the Trial floop 
 appeared in the offing. We immediately fent fomc of 
 our hands on board her, by whofe affiftance flie was 
 brought to an anchor between us and the land. We 
 foon found that the floop had not been exempted from 
 the like calamities whicn we had fo fcverely felt ; for 
 her Commander, Captain Saunders, waiting on the 
 Commodore, informea him, that, out of his fmall com- 
 plement, he had buried 34 of his mem and thofe who 
 recovered were fo univerfally affliifled with the fcurvy, 
 that only himfelf, his Lieutenant, dnd thi-ee of his men, 
 were able to ftand by the fails. 
 
 The fame day we got out our long-boat, and fent 
 'her on fhore with materials for buildmg tents for the 
 fick. and with orders to bring on board fome water. 
 
 The I ^th. wfc fent our pinnace to aflift the Trial, fhe 
 being driven from her anchors to fea, by the violent 
 flaws of wind which blow oflf the high lands. This 
 and the next day we put afliore 75 fick men, in fo weak 
 a condition, that we were obliged to carry them out of 
 the fhip in their hammocks, and to convey them after- 
 wards m the fame manner from the water-fide over a 
 ftoney beech to the tents prepared for their reception. 
 In this work of humanity, not only the officers, but the 
 CbmnuxJorc himfelf, chearfully lent their alTiflancc. 
 
 The 1 7th, the Trial came again to an anchor, and 
 moored. This day and the next we fent on fhore the 
 remainder 6f our fick people, the whole number now 
 on Ihore being 135, many of whom, being too far gone 
 in the fciirvy, died one after another to the number of 
 not lei's than fixty. 
 
 We now began to fend on fliore materials for tents 
 for the C(x>pers, fail-makers, and fome of the officers ; 
 a copper oven which we had with us for baking foft 
 bread tor the (hip's company, and the fmith's forge for 
 making or repairing fuch iron-work as was nccefifary : 
 and, altera fhort interval of relaxation, all hands were 
 bufily employed, Ibmc in cutting large quantities of 
 wood for the (hip's ufe, ibme in makmg charcoal for 
 the fmith, and for a farther (lore; the bakers in baking 
 bread, (he coopers in making up and cleaning the cafks 
 for water, the fuil-inakcrs in micnding the fails and mak- 
 ing others; fome in fifliing for the fick, and the reft 
 were otherways eniploycd : and here being very great 
 plenty of fine fifri, all ukcn by the hook, two or 
 three people could never fail to take us as much in 
 about two hours us all the fhip's company could eat: 
 befides this we took great quantities for faking and 
 ' Curing; and fome private perfons who had hooks and 
 lines tithed for theibfelves, and never failed, of enough 
 for their own ufe, and to give to thofe who had noRc. 
 The people on board were employed in cleaning the 
 1 
 
 fiiip, which was in a very filthy condition, and in flrip- 
 ping the mafts, imd overhauling the rigging. One of 
 the Doatfwain's mates, with lome afUflants, having run 
 up a rope-walk on fliore, was employed in making what 
 fmall cordage we might want; others in watering, and, 
 in fliort, in every thing that might contribufe to put us 
 in as good a condition, and in as (liort a time as pofli- 
 ble ; and as fall as the fick recovered, they were put on 
 the like employments. 
 
 At firft fight of this ifland, it appeared with a moft 
 unpromifing afped, being extnnu'iy mountainous, 
 rugged, and irregular; but, upon our ncrrcr approach, 
 it nnproved upon us i and when we were landed, we 
 founa all the vegetables which arc ufually efteemed to 
 be peculiarly adapted to the cure of thofe fc '<utic dif- 
 orders which are contraded by fait diet, and long con- 
 tinuance at fea ; for here we found wqter-crcflis and 
 purflain, wild-forrel, and Sicilian-radiflics, in profu- 
 fion. "Thefe vegetables, not to mention the turncps 
 which now abound in every plain, w ith the fifli and Helh 
 we got here, were nut only grateful to us in the ex- 
 treme, but were likewife very rcfrefliing to the fick. 
 and contributed not a little to the recovery of thofi- 
 who were not already too far advanced in the difordcr 
 to admit of relief; and to the reflnring of oihcrv- to 
 their wonted vigour, who, though not apparently umler 
 the malignancy of the diftempcr, and its baiu'tul < on- 
 comitants, were yet greatly debilitated, by continual 
 watching and anxiety of mind, from whjch not a fuul 
 on board was exempt. 
 
 During the time of our refidence here, we found 
 the mland parts of the ifland no ways to fall fltort of 
 the fanguine prepoflTenions we had tirft entertained in 
 its favour; tor the woods, which covered molt of the 
 fteepefl hills, were free from ail buflies and under- 
 wood, and afibrded an eafy palfage through every part 
 of them ; and the irregularities of the hills and preci- 
 pices, in the northern part of the ifland, necelfarily 
 traced our, by their various combinations, a great num- 
 ber of romantic valleys, moft of which had a ftream of 
 the clearcfl water running through them, that tumbled in 
 cafcades from rock to rock, as the bottom of the valley 
 by the courfe of the neightwuring hills was at any time 
 broken into a fudden fharp defccnt. Some particular 
 fpots occurred in thefe valleys, where the fhades and 
 fragrance of the contiguous woods, the loftincfs of 
 the over-hanging rocks, and the tranfparency and 
 frequent falls of the neighbouring ftrcams, prcfcnted 
 fcenes of fuch elegance and dignity, as would with 
 difficulty be rivalled in any other part of thp globe. 
 It is in this place, perhaps, that the fimple produiitions 
 of unaffifted nature may be faid to excel all the fidi- 
 tious defcriptions of the moft animated imagination. 
 1'he fpct where the Commodore pitched his tent, and 
 where he chofe, during his ftay, to fix his refidence, ex- 
 ceeded in beauty any thing that words can be fuppofed 
 to reprcfcnt. It was a delightful little lawn, thai lay 
 on an eafy afcent at the diflance of about half a mile 
 from the fea, and was probably the very foot on which 
 Shelvock twenty years before had pitched nis tent. In 
 front there was a large avenue cut through the woods to 
 the fea-fide, which Hoping to the water with a gentle 
 defcent, opened a profpefi to the bay and the (hips at 
 anchor. This lawn was fcreened behind by a tall wood 
 of myrdc fweeping round it in the form of a theatre, 
 the flope on which the wood flood rifing with a muth 
 ftiarper afcent than the lawn itfclf, though notfo much 
 but that the hills and precipices within land towered up 
 confiderably above the tops of the trees, and added to 
 the grandeur of the view. There were, befides, two 
 flreams of chryflal water, which ran on the right and 
 left of the tent, within an hundred yards diftance, and 
 were (haded by the trees that flcirtcd the lawn on either 
 fide, and completed the fymmctry of the whole. Add 
 to thefe, thegentlc murmurings of the diflant brooks, 
 the mufic of^the birds among the myrtles, the fweet 
 aromatic odour of the fpice-trees that every where 
 
 Srfumed the air with their fragrance, and you may 
 rm in imagination a faint idea of this fecond pariu 
 
 difc, 
 
 ! ■ rl 
 
 I • 
 
 
 I! 
 
 '"1 
 ■'.l\ 
 
 ij j.j 
 
344 
 
 Commodore (afterwanls Lokd) A N S O N't 
 
 
 h 
 
 iU: 
 
 U t 
 
 difc, x^hich couki only be exceeded by the pcrlcCtion 
 tt( the firft. 
 
 It is aftonifliing, that, among all the voyap;cn who 
 have vilitcd this fortunate ifland before us, and who 
 have obliged the world with dcfcriptions of it, none of 
 them have mentioned a chamiing little bird that, with 
 its wild, various, and irregular notes, enchants the car, 
 and makes the woods relound with its mcloiiy. I'his 
 untutored choiriltcr is fomewhat Icfs in (izc than the 
 goldHnch, its plumage beautifully intermixed with red 
 and other vivid colours, and the golden crown upon 
 its head To bright and glowing, when fecn in the full 
 light of the fun, that it furpaflcs all defcription. Thcfe 
 little birds arc far from being uncommon or unfamiliar; 
 for they perched upon the branches of the myrtle-trees 
 (a near us, and fung fo chcarfully, as if lhc)r had been 
 confcious wc were mangers, and came to give us wel- 
 come. 
 
 There is, bcfides the above, another little bird, un- 
 noticed by any former writer, and which feems like- 
 Mife peculiar to the idand, and confequently without a 
 name ; it is l^iil Icfs than the former in fize, but not 
 inferior in beauty, though not fo mufical ; the back, 
 wings, and head, arc of a lively green, intermixed with 
 iitK (hining golden fpots, and the belly a fnow white 
 ground, with ebony coloured fpois, fo elegantly varied 
 as no art can imitate. To the catalogue of birds mcti- 
 tioned by former writers as inhabitants of this ifland, 
 ihould alfo be added blackbirds and thrufties very like 
 thofc in England; and owls, but of a diminutive fizc. 
 
 Of four-rooted animals wc faw none but dogs, cats, 
 rats, and goats; and of the latter but few, as the 
 dogs of various kinds, grcy-houndi, matlilfs, pointers, 
 fpanicis, and mungrels, have thinned thtm in the 
 plains, and driven them to the inacccflibic mountains; 
 yet fomc were (hot by the hunters, and were preferred 
 by them to the bed venifon. Among thofe prcfented 
 to thcCommodore were two or three venerable through 
 age, that had been marked more than thirty years be- 
 ibre by Selkirk, who trained them for his f|K>rt, flit 
 their ears, and turned them loofe to graze the moun- 
 tains. 
 
 I remember we had once an opportunity of obferv- 
 ing a remarkable difpute betwixt a herd of thofe ani- 
 mals and a number of dogs ; for going in our boat into 
 the eaftem bay wc perceived fomc dogs run very eagerly 
 upon the foot, and being willing to difcovcr what game 
 they were after, we lay upon our oars fomc time to 
 view them, and at laft faw them take a hill, wheie, 
 looking a little fartker, wc obferved upon the ridge of 
 it an herd of goats, which fecmed drawn up for their 
 reception. There was a very narrow path 11(irted on 
 each fide by precipices, in which the leader of the herd 
 pofted himfelf fronting the enemy, the red of the goats 
 being ranged behind him where the groond was more 
 open; as this fpot was inacccflibic by any other path, 
 «xcepting where this champion had placed himfelf, the 
 dogs, though they ran up hill with great .t'-viity, yet 
 when they came within alMut twenty ■ .'ds, found they 
 durft not encounter this formi.'j.ble Goliah, for he 
 ueuld infallibly have driven the firft that approached 
 him down the precipice; they therefore quietly laid 
 themlUvcs down, panting, and did not otfcr to ftir 
 while wc remained in fight. 
 
 Thcfe dogs have multiplied prodigioufly, and have 
 deftroyed mod of the can as well as goats; the rats, 
 Imwcver, keep poflefllon, and were very truiiblefoaic 
 gucfts in the night, when they generally paid us their 
 vifiu. It is not cafy to determine in what manner fuch 
 a multitude of dogs fubiift, as they are much more nu- 
 mcKMis than all the other four-iboitcd creatures upon 
 the ifland. Our people, indeed, were inclined to think, 
 that they lived in a great meafure upon the young fea- 
 lions and Teals, and rupp0lted their opinion by (he re 
 portof the Mors, fonw of whom killed the dogs for 
 food, who fiud they uftcd fifty: and, truly, there is 
 hardly any other way of accountine for the fubfiftence 
 of thcfe animals; lor. as hu been laid, they have aU 
 ready ddfaoycd all the gous in. the acccffiUe part* of 
 
 4 
 
 the country ; lb that there now remain only a ti-w 
 among the crags and precipices, where the dogs can- 
 not follow them. I'hcfc arc divided into tcparatc 
 herds of 20 or 30 each, nhich inhabit diflind fahncfTcs. 
 and never mingle with each other ; by this means wc 
 found It extremely diflicult to kill them, and yet wc 
 were fo dvfirous of their Hcfli, that we difcovrred, I 
 believe, all their herds, and it was thought, by com- 
 paring their numbers, that they fcarccly exceeded 200 
 upon the whole ifland. The dogs had deftroycd the 
 
 Crdellas, too, of which former writer) have given a 
 ge account, fo that there was not one of them to be 
 feen; wc found indeed their burroxi-s in the earth, 
 which leaves no room to doubt of their being found in 
 plenty in Selkirk's time, as well ascau. of whict there 
 IS now fcarcc one alive. 
 
 FIcfh meat being thus extremely fcarce. our people, 
 being tired of fifli, though excellent in their kind, at 
 length condefcended to eat feals, which, by degrees, 
 they came to relifli, and called them lamb. Of thcfe, 
 it being their brooding time, the numbers were incre- 
 dible : — and likewifc of the fea-lion, — thcfe animala 
 have frequently furious battles among themfclvcs, prin- 
 cipally alx)ut their females ; and we were one day fur- 
 prized by the fight of two animals, which,atfirft,feemcd 
 different from all we had ever obferved; but. on a 
 nearer approach, they proved to be two fea-lions that 
 had been goring one another with their tuflies, and 
 were covered with blood, with which they plentifully 
 abound. This led us to watch them more cbfely. and 
 one was obferved larger than the reft, and from his 
 driving off other males, and keeping a great number 
 of females to himfelf. he was by the featncn hutnoiir- 
 oufly ftiled the Bafliaw. To this preeminence, how- 
 ever, he had not arrived without many bloody contefts; 
 for, on our people's attacking him in the midft of hia 
 feraglio of feniales, he made a defperate defence, and, 
 when overpowered, the fignals of his bravery appeared 
 in numerous fears on every part of his body. 
 
 Wc had now been ten days on this ifland, when 
 fomc of our people from an eminence difcemed a fhip 
 to leeward with her courfes even with the horizon, with- 
 out any other fail abroad than her main-topfail; from 
 which circumftance. it was immediately concluded, 
 that it was one of our own fquadron ; but the weather 
 being hazy, no definite conjedure could be formed con- 
 cerning her. She again difappearcd for fome days, and 
 we were all thrown into the dccpeft concern, fearing 
 the weakncfs of her condition had difabled her from 
 working to windward, and that all her people had pc- 
 rifhed. 
 
 We continued our employ till the 26ih, when we 
 again faw the fantc (hip ; and. on her nearer approach, 
 could diftinguifh her to be the Gloucefter; and, mak- 
 ing no doubt of her being in diftrcfs, the Commodore 
 fent our boat on board her with water and refrefhments. 
 We found her in a miferable condition, not many 
 above 100 people alive, and almoft all thofe helplels 
 with the fcurvy; their water fo very (hort, that they 
 were obliged to allow but one pint a day to a man ; and 
 the continual flaws off the land, together with their 
 being difabled in their fails and yards, hindered them 
 from getting into the bay. The next day wc fent them 
 a frelh fupply of fi(h, greens, water, and men to help to 
 work the (nip; foon after which the flaws drove them 
 off again, and the (hip appeared no more till the 30th, 
 when at two in the afternoon (he fired a gun. and made 
 a fignal of diftrcfs. She continued in this manner off 
 and on. fomctimes in light, and fometimcs not, till July 
 23, during which time, though we often relieved the 
 people on board with water and other ncccfTarics, yet 
 their fufferings were infupportablc. and their whole 
 complement were reduced to about 96 living perfons, 
 all of whom muft have perifticd in a few days more, 
 lud not the wind proved favourable to bring them into 
 the bay; but providentially a frefh gale fprung up from 
 the fea, atid brought them to an anchor. We imme- 
 diately fent men on board to alTift in mooring the fiiip, 
 and continued our conftant alTiftance afterwards, duripg 
 
 our 
 
! 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 "I' 
 
 i 
 
VOYAGE R U U N U the W () R L I). 
 
 345 
 
 ^S 
 
 oiir ftay at thin plate. 1 he 5ih ot Augu(V, the fJoni- 
 niodore lent the Trial floop to fearch the ifland of Lit- 
 tle Juan I'lrnamlcr., Icrt any o»' the fquadroii IhouM 
 have iniOakcn that iHand tor the place of rcndczvouf, 
 anil might remain there in cspc^tion of meeting the 
 reft of the fleet. 
 
 On the 1 6th, the Anne pink, which waifcpaiated 
 from ui with the reft of the fijuadror* the i.jd ot April, 
 appeared in light. Her arrival gave us new fpiriti, 
 (he being laden principally with provilions, and we 
 immediately were orderea full allowance of bread. 
 Thia ftiip had been about two months in a fafc har- 
 bour, on the main land, near the fame parallel with del 
 Soccoro, where Ihc had been diredcil by Providence, 
 aiid where (Ifc lay in fecurity, enjoyed plenty, and her 
 people, 1 6 in number, being once freed from their fears of 
 (hipwreck, very foon recovered their wonted vigour, 
 having experienced none of thofc hardfhips that were 
 endured by the reft of the fleet. Thev told u« they 
 had fcen Ibmc Indians, and one time took one of their 
 canoes with a man, a wonun, fome children, a dog, a 
 cat, &c. and fome implements for fllhery i but m a 
 day or two the whole family, the dog excepted, made 
 their efcape from them in the (hip's fmall boat, and 
 left theni theircanoc in her ftead. I'hofe Indiaiu,they 
 fiiy. underftood a few Spanifti words, and probably 
 might have fome little correfpondence with the fou- 
 tlicrn Spaniards of Chili, or their nearer bordering 
 Indians i or, perhaps, fome of the Fathers for propa- 
 gating the faitl^may now and then have been among 
 them. The i^cipal refrefliments they met with in 
 this port, were wild celery, nettletops, and forrel; 
 cockle's and mufclcs of an extraordinary fizc; good 
 ilore of geefc, (beep, and penguins. They judged it to 
 lie in lat. 45 deg. 30 min. S. and it may be known by an 
 ifland which (aces it, and which the inhabiants call 
 Inchin, and by a river in which they found excellent 
 fifli. 
 
 Thit velTe], the Anne pink, was the laft that joined 
 us at Juan Fernandez. The remaining fliips of the 
 (quadron were the Severn, the Pearl, and the Wager 
 ftoic>(hip. The Severn and Pearl, aa has been already 
 obfervcd, parted company off Cape Noir, and, aa we at- 
 terwards learned, put back to the Brazils ; fo that of 
 all the (hips that came iiuo the South Seas, the Wager 
 was the only (hip that was mifRng. Captain Cheap, 
 who commanded her, knowing the imporuncc of the 
 charge he had in truft, without which no enterprizeon 
 fltore could be undertaken, was extremely Iblicitous to 
 reach Btldivia as the laft place of rendezvous, and the 
 firft to be attacked, before the reft of the fquadron 
 llwuld have tinilhed their cruife, that no blame might 
 reft upon him, if the attack of that chy (hould be 
 judged' improper to be carried into execution. But, 
 whaft this brave ofHcer was exerting himfelf in en- 
 deavouring to keep dear of the land in making; the 
 ifland of del Soccoro, he had the misfortune todiflo- 
 cate his (boulder, and thcrel^ to difable himfelf from 
 profecuting with vigour the purpofe he had in view. 
 The (hip being little better than a wreck, the crew in 
 aiiiiferable delponding condition, the Oflicers quite ex- 
 haufted, the weather cold and ftormy, and the wind 
 and currents bearing in-fliore, all thcfe unlucky cir- 
 cumftances concurring, fo enungled the (hip with the 
 land, th« all the efforts of the leeble crew could not 
 
 Srevent her fifom running upon a funken rock, where 
 ic grounded between two (mall iflands, not a mufquet- 
 ihot from the (hore. Jn this fituation flie continued 
 entire till every one on board might have reached the 
 land in fafety, and might have Itored themfelves with 
 provilions, and every necelTary for their prefent fub- 
 nftenceandfutur»e(cape: but the motnent the (hip 
 ^ruck, all fubordination ceafed; one part of the ctew 
 got polfeflion of the liquors, intoxicated themfelves in 
 a beaftiy manner, and grew frantic in their cupss ano- 
 ther part began to furnifli themfelves with arms, and 
 to make themfelves maftcrsof the money and things of 
 moft value on board; while the Capuin, and fome of 
 the principal oflicers* endeavoured in vain to nuintein 
 No. f 9. 
 
 their authority, and to prrlirvc a proper difcipiine 
 among them, in order to cfl'citt the deliverance of as 
 many as it was poflible from the common danger in 
 which all of them were involved 1 but the mutinous 
 ilifpolitinn that prevailed rendered every eflort tor their 
 
 f)riTcrvation inetfcdtual. Ihulc who remained in po!'- 
 cflionof the (hip and her ftores, t>ointcd the cannon, 
 and tired at thole who had gained the land 1 thofc at 
 land urcw riotous tor want of proviflons; nothina but 
 anarchy an. .cmfulton prevailed t and, what added to 
 the cataflrophe, a midfnipman nanwd Cozens, who had 
 bulled himlclf in oppofltion to all good government, 
 was, by the Captain, (hot dead upon the fpot. Thia 
 put an en^l at once to all manner of fubfcrvicncy 1 and 
 after this every one thought himfelf at liberty to pur- 
 fue what fchcine he thought beft for hit own prcrcr* 
 vation. 
 
 Of about I ^o perfons who reached the fliore, .30 
 died on the placet about 80 others, having converted 
 the long-boat into a fchooner, failed to the fouthward, 
 attended by the cutter. Thcic, hcma diftreffcd for 
 want of provilions in redoubling Cape Horn, and hav- 
 ing loft their cutter in a ftorm, (uflfcred unprocedcntcd 
 hardfliips in their return to the coaft of Brazil, where 
 only 30 of them arrived to give an account of the mi* 
 fcrable fate of their companions, fcvcral of whom died 
 of hunger I others dcflred to be fet on (hore; and 
 fome, beginning to be mutinous, they landed and de- 
 ferred. Of the 19 who were left behind in Wager- 
 Ifland with the Captain, 16 embarked on board the 
 barge and the yawl, and attempted to efcape to the 
 northward t of thefc one was drowned in the yawl, and 
 four were left on a dcfart part of the coaft, wncre it is 
 probable they all periflicd i the remaining 11, after a 
 fruitlefs attempt to weather a point of land, caiicd hf 
 theSpaniardsCape Trefmentes, were forced to return- 
 to Wager Ifland, from whence they flrft fct out, wher^ 
 meeting with a Chiloen Indian, who could fpeak a lit- 
 tle Spanifti, they agreed w ith hiih to pilot them to 
 Chiloc i but, after coafting along for four days, the Cap- 
 uin and his oflicers beine on (hore, five in number, 
 the other flx perfuaded thelndian to put to fea without 
 them, by which the reft were reduced to the fad necef- 
 fity of travelling near 600 miles, fometimes by land« 
 and fometimes by water, till at length, after a variety 
 of misfortunes and hardlhips not to be paralleled in 
 romance, four of them, namely. Captain Cheap, the 
 Hon. Mr. Byron, who lately went round the worldi 
 Mr. Hamilton, and Mr. Campbell, arrived at Chiloci 
 where they were received by the Spaniards with great 
 humanity. After fome ftay at Chiloc, the Captain 
 and his three officers were fent to Valparaifo,and thence 
 to St. Jago, the capital of Chili, where they continued 
 above a year; but on advice of a cartel, the Captain, 
 Mr. Byron,1ind Mr. Hamilton^ were permitted to re- 
 turn to Europe 1 and Mr, Campbell, who in the meai| 
 time had changed his religion, chofe to en^bark fofT 
 Spain 1 but not meeting therewith the encouragement 
 he expedled, he foon after returned to England, where 
 he publifttfd an account of his adventures, but men-^ 
 tioned not a word of changing his religion, neither doc) 
 he aflign his reafbn for leaving Spain. 
 
 It is very remarkable, that the place where the Wa- 
 ger ftruck upon thii rock, was fo near the harbour where 
 the Anne pink found (belter during the winter, that the 
 Wager's people were within hearing of the pink's even«i 
 ing and morning gun, yet never had the thoughu t9 
 follow the found, or to look out for an^ ftraggler froin 
 their own fquadron. 
 
 On the aad, the Trial arrived from fearching thf 
 ifland of Little Fernandez, and reported that it lies 
 about 20 leagues due weft from this where we lay; that 
 it is about three leagues in compafs, being Very moun* 
 tainous, with fome woods and good runs of water, with 
 multitudes of goats, flfli, fea-lions, and feals, as with 
 US; but nofliips were to be fcen, nor any marks of any 
 having been there. 
 
 W hile we continued at Jtjan Fernandez belides our 
 
 nece(r»ryemploynients, we Ukfwifi; began, and pretty 
 
 4$ fa| 
 
 ' ^ i' 
 
 I m 
 
346 
 
 C o M M o D o R 1-. ( attcrwards Loan) ANSON 
 
 it 
 
 fur advjiiccd, a whart' t'tn' tht better landing and cm- 
 I'lBrkinnliuh niLifl'.incs aj we had occaiion for. Wc 
 k't-pc tMoovcni cinployrvi in baking bnnd for the Ihipi 
 < oinpaniM, tuo fmith'a liir^R lor repairing old and 
 Vitting ncM' irun-vork, tiul made abundance of char- 
 tih\\ for future ufe. The ( :nrrniadun; likrw ife ordered 
 titc carpenter* i!d cake a carrliil riir\eyofthc Aititc pink, 
 tliL- Diader of which fct forth, tlut (he waa in fo rotten 
 a condition, at not to be fit to proceed nor return with- 
 out very conlidcrabic repair*^ j whicS reprcfdntation 
 upon a liirvcy being found to be true, the Coinn\odore 
 punhufcd hir niateriaK at :« fair vtluation, and or- 
 dered her to l>c broke up, urui her crew to be put on 
 biMrd the- (floucclUr, thatlh-.p not having hand* enough 
 left to navigate her, imiiiikfsto light her, in cafe of 
 an attack tVomthc enemy. 
 
 This illand hes inlutitiide f 3 deg. 40 min. S. and 
 longitude 87 dcg. 37 inin. W. from London 1 diltancc 
 from the main continent 105 league*) compafs, by 
 the M\ account* of thofc who had been round it, 1 3 
 or I ( leagues. There arc two fiiiall and vcrycoiiuno- 
 dious buys within the points, which torin the large one 
 where we lay, one to the eathvard, the other to the wcft- 
 waid of u.H, and no doubt fcveral others in other part* 
 of the illand ; variation, by an obfervation July 2, in 
 in the morning, if dcg. 4 mm. half K, 'Twas reported, 
 that theS. W. end of the illand is much more natand 
 level than that where we relidcd, and the goati more 
 numerous, but wood fcarcer. 
 
 On Tuefday, Sept. the 8th, at noon, we fa v a fail at 
 fea bcaringN. K. by E. and, (Krceivuig by our glaflci 
 that <1ie could be none of uur fquadron, nor an £ng- 
 lith built fliip, wc fired a gun as a fignal for getting all 
 our people on board; and, luving taken fcveral men 
 cut of the Trial, bent our fails, let up our rigging, and 
 iliptour fmall bower cable, at fix in the evening, wc 
 weighed in purfuit of her. In the morning of the 
 next day wc got down our ftumpi, which are gcne- 
 rally fet up in bad weather inftead of top-gaHant 
 mails, and in their place got up our top-gallant mails 
 and yards, rigged them, and bent their fail*. At ele- 
 ven the fame iiiorning wc mudcrcd and quartered the 
 iliip's company. At noon the ifland of Juan Fcmjindez 
 bore W. half S. diflance eight leagues; the two next 
 days wc faw nothing of the chace, nor any thing re- 
 markable. 
 
 Saturday, Sept. 1 3, at five in the morning we faw a 
 fail to windward, which bore down tovrards ui, and at 
 about two leagues diflancc flic hauled up the Iceclue- 
 garnet of her tbrefail, flicwcd her Spanifo li^lours, and 
 nred a gun, which wc fuppofed to be a fignal concerted 
 between her and others which came out in company 
 with her; but wc not anfwering nor regarding it, Ihc 
 hauled clofe on a wind and ftood from ui, endeavour- 
 ing u> efcape ; upon which wc gave chace, and it prov- 
 ing fomctime* hazy and foggy, we were in danger of 
 loiing fight of her. About nine in the morning we 
 tacked, and at noon coming within gun-fhot, .wc tired 
 <ivc (hot at her rigging to bring her to; but (he keeping 
 on her courfe, we fired four more, on which (heftrucK 
 her colours, and furrcndercd without making any op- 
 pofition. This fliip happened not to bo the fame wc 
 went out after. She proved a rich merchant-fhip, 
 having on board 1 8,oool. flcrling in dollars and plate, 
 with Ibinc jewels, and abundance of gold and filver 
 tw i^fl : but the bulk of her cargo conflflcd in fugars and 
 bak goods, mofl of the latter Ivuropean, but tome the 
 produce of the country. She was called the Nuefbra 
 Scnora del Monte Carmclo. She was of about 500 tons, 
 was commanded by Don Manuel Zamorta, aiid had on 
 board 1 3 paflcngers, moft of them perfons of fortune, 
 amoi^gil whom wa* the fon of the Governor of the 
 city ol' St. Jago, the capital of Chili. She came from 
 CalL-io, a port of Lima, the capital of the empire of 
 Peru, botMidfor V.aiparaifa in Chili, where thofc (hips 
 annually trade, exchanging filver in return for gold and 
 corn, the latter being very fcarce in Peni. Some of 
 the prifonehi iiiformed us, that, if we had uken her in 
 her raura from Chili to Peru, we (hould have met with 
 
 ft 
 •4 
 
 a* nmch goKI in her a* we fad now found (ilvcr. She 
 had in the whole a board her b^ (Krron*,mtfny oftknt 
 Indian* and black flavc*, w ho were afterward* very ufc. 
 ful to u* inafTifling toward* the fliip'* duty. She had 
 been 17 day* from Callao, and wanted not above two 
 days fail to comi/lcai her voyage when we took her. 
 
 We found in thii ftiip, on Icarch among the lettera 
 from fome merchant* in Lima to their friend* in Chili, 
 an account of the fate of the S|)anilh fquadron which 
 had been fent after us, viz. that, in attempting to pafi 
 the Cai)c, they had been forced to put back, after en- 
 countering the moll terrible florm* and niofl prelTing 
 famine, being reduced to two ounce* of bread and halt' 
 a pint of water each man a day; that, betide* being 
 gricvoufly attacked by the fcurvy.which had made greater 
 havock among them than among us, their ftiip* were 
 aJmoft entirely difablcd, their mafts, fail*, yards, rigging 
 and hull* in a manner ihattered and torn to piece*; that 
 Admiral Pifiirro, and one more of hi* fquadion, after 
 having fuft'ered the greateft extremitie*, nad got, with 
 the utmoft difficulty, to Buemu Ayrcs, on the River 
 Plate; that another of the fauadron, a fliip of 70 guns, 
 had been entirely loft near Kio Crande, and that two 
 more had never been heard of; that on their return 
 they had feen two large ftiips pafs by very near them, 
 which they fuppoTcd to be two fliips of our fquadron, 
 but the weather proving ftoniiy, and the fea running 
 mountains high, they could not interfere with or at- 
 tack each other. Thofc fliips of ours we believed to 
 be the Severn and the Pearl, and hoped th«y were 
 fafely arrived at fome port of the Brazils. Thofc let- 
 ters came over land from Buenos Ayrcs to Lima, and 
 with them came other* containing Admiral Pifarro's 
 advice and inftrudiuns to the Viceroy of Peru con- 
 cerning us; wherein he told him, that, though he him- 
 felf had been forced back in fuch a miferaole condi- 
 tion, not having above 80 or 100 of hi* men living, 
 and his fliips in fo ill a ftace, that, till fuflicient rein- 
 forcements could come to him from Old Spain, he 
 could not pofllbly come into thofc feas, yet as the Eng. 
 lilh were a ftubborn and rcfolute people, and daring 
 enough to periift obftinateiy in the molt dcfperate un- 
 dertucingt, he did believe fome of us might poflibly 
 get round I but as hecxperimenully knew what of nc- 
 ccflity we muflc have funered in that dreadful pafTage, 
 he inade no doubt but we flioiiid be in a very weak 
 and dcfencclefi condition 1 he therefore advifed the 
 Viceroy to ftc out all the ftrenjjth of fliipping hecould, 
 and fend them to cruife at the ifland of Juan Fernandez, 
 where we muft of neceflity touch to rcfrcfli our people, 
 and to repair our fliipa 1 and farther advifed, that, in 
 cafe of meeting us, they ihould not ftand to fight or 
 cannonade at a diftancc. in which poffibly wc might 
 have the advantage, or make our efcape, but ihould 
 board us at once fword in hand ; which muft, if well 
 executed, in our' weak condition, in&liibly prove the 
 means of taking us. 
 
 This was a wcilJaid fcheme, and in purfuancc of it 
 the Viceroy equipt three fliips at Callao, one of 50, one 
 of 30;and one of 10 suns, all double manned with the 
 choiceft men they could pofliUy procure, and fent them 
 to wait for us accordingly. ThoTe ftiips arrived at Juan 
 Femaiidez fome time, 1 think, in May, and continued 
 till about June the 6th, when, imagining that we muft 
 be either put back or loft, they quitted their ftation, 
 and failed for the port of Conception in Chili, and 
 by this meaiu we luckily miffed them: had it hap- 
 pened otherwife, as we arrived there with only our An- 
 gle ftiip, in fuch a defencelefs condition, and had they 
 put their orders in execution with any tolerable degree 
 of refolution, wc muft in all hunum probability have 
 fallen into their hands. 
 
 Our prifonen, informed us further, that thofe fliips, 
 during their cruife, had met with a ftorm, in which they 
 had received fo Much damage, that it muft be at leaft 
 two inonths before they could again be fit to go to fea. 
 The whole of this intelligence was as favourable as we 
 could have wifhed; and now we were at no lofs to ac- 
 count for the frefii marks we found at Juan Fernandez, 
 
 of 
 
jtaJtKJ^M'*'^ ^,,«« '//■»*<.</*•««<»•./«('•. • I"** 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 f; 
 
n 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the W O R L I). 
 
 347 
 
 of that idand'^ having been lately vifitcd by fomr. white 
 people. 
 
 Sunday the 13th, having got on board moft of the 
 priibners of note, and all the lilvcr, we made fail for 
 Juan Fernandez ; and the weather proving very mo- 
 derate, at fix in the evening that ifland bore N. W. 
 by N. at the diftance of five leagues. At three the 
 next morning we fired three guns, as a fignal to the 
 fhips in the nay. At four wfc anchored, got in our 
 fmall bower cable, which we had flipped at leaving the 
 place, and moored our (hijp. 
 
 The I (th we employed in watering, and fctting up 
 our riggmg, in order to purfue our voyage. And this 
 day, the Commodore being informed that feveral 
 mcrchant.fliips were now purfuing their trade without 
 fear of any furprize, the Trial was ordered out on a 
 cruife, and proceeded immediately. 
 
 The 1 6th we got up a new top-eallant-maft, and 
 wanting fome cordage we were fupplied with it from 
 the Gloucefter. This and the followmg days, until the 
 19th, we fpent in getting everything ready forfea 
 with the utnwil expedition. 
 
 The 19th we fent 28 of our prifoners on uoard the 
 Glouceiler, fiie being weakly manned, and thofe pri- 
 foners being good uilors. We likewife fupplied the 
 prize with two months provifions of ° all forts, at full 
 allowance, for 20 men ; put all the guns belonging to 
 the Anne \ 'nk on board of her ; and, having left orders 
 with Captain Mitchell, of theOlouceftcr, to burn the 
 
 Eink, together with her ufelefs ftores, and appointed 
 im his ftation off the towh of Payta, which is the 
 place where the iliips between Lima and Panama ge- 
 nerally touch to deliver part of their cargoes to be dif- 
 perfed through the inland parts of Peru, with orders 
 to fail to that fiation as foon as poflible, we weighed, 
 and took leave of our winter refidcnce, in company 
 with the prize, which the Commodore had fitted up 
 to cruife affiiinft the enemy. 
 
 The 2 1 ft, at four in the evening, we had the laft 
 iight of this ifland, it then bearing from us W. b/ N. 
 at the diftance of 17 leagues. The remaining ^^ys, 
 until the 24th, we had variable and uncertain weather, 
 in which we fplit our main-top-fail and fore-fail, and 
 received fome other flight damage. 
 
 The 24th, at five in the evening, being fomewhat 
 hazy, we taw two fail t6 windward, on which we cleared 
 ihip, in order to be ready to engage, the largeft of the 
 two fliips bearing down upon us. At Icven fhe came 
 to near, that we hailed her in Spanifli, and flie anfwer- 
 cd in Englifli, and told us, that fne was a prize uken 
 by the Trial, and that her confort was the Trial itfelf, 
 which was very much difabled. At eleven the next 
 morning, there being a hard gale and high fea, the 
 Trial fired two guns as a fignal of didrels, and bore 
 sway before the wind, and we after her. The fame 
 day half an hour pad noon we fpoke with the Trial, and 
 found flie had fpning her main-maft, and thathermain- 
 top-maft had come by the board : and as we were all of 
 us ftanding to the eauward n'>xt morning, with a frefli 
 pie at fouth, flie had the additional misfortune to 
 pring her fore-mad ; fo that now flie had not a mad 
 left. This was a great obftrudion ; for now we had 
 intelligence by the Trial's prize, that there were many 
 ihips at fea richly laden, and that they had no appre- 
 heulions of being attacked by us, having received in- 
 telltgencc that our fquadron was either put back or 
 deftroycd. In the courfe, therefore, of the 48 hours 
 we were detained in waiting upon the Trial, I am per- 
 fuaded we miifcd the taking many valuable prizes. 
 The refult was, that a council being called, and all the 
 ofliccrs convened together on board our (hip, it was 
 there concluded, that in her prefent condition the Trial 
 could 'x of no farther fervice ; and the Commodore, 
 bcipg refolvcd to fcparate the fliips, in order to cruife 
 upon the coaft to the grcateft advantage, gave orders 
 to Captain Charles Saunders, the Commander, to burn 
 the I'rial, and in her room commiflioned the Trial's 
 prize for his Majcfty's fervice, with the fame Com- 
 mander, oHiccrs, and people. This fliip, the Trial's 
 
 f 
 ft 
 
 pri/!e, was called by the Spaniards the NueftraSenora 
 de Arinzazie ; but, bi'iiig now commiffioned for his 
 Majtrty's fervice, flic was henceforth called the Trial's 
 Prize. She v»as the hir^efl fliip we took in thofe 
 fcas, being between ,^ ami 600 tons, and loaded with 
 bale goods, fugarj and other cc;Tiinoditie3, to a Con- 
 fulcraljlc value, aiid about jOooUin fpecie and wrought 
 filvcr. . ■ . . , 
 
 The 2Sth, at nine in the moriiing, we parted with 
 the Trial and both the prizes. 
 
 The •?6th, we faw the main land of Chili, This 
 day we began to exercifc our people with fmall arms, 
 which vas the firft time we had done it lince wc cartie 
 into thofe feas, arid which wc continued at all proper 
 opportunities dui-ing the voyage. 
 
 On the I ft of Odobcr, we came in fight of the high 
 land of Valparaifo, bearing N. E. half E^ at thediftanc<; 
 of about t4 leagues. This city lies in the latitude of 
 32 deg. 58 min. S. its Ionc;itiide from London is by my 
 account 80 deg. 37 min. W. 
 
 On the 5th, the Commodore, being informed that 
 there were murmuriiigs amongft the people, becaufe 
 the prize-money was not immediately divided, ordered 
 the articles of war to be read ; and after that remon* 
 ftrated to them on the danger of mutiny, and faid he 
 had heard the reafon of their difcontcnt, but allured 
 them their properties were fccurcd by atft of parlia- 
 ment as -firmly as any one's own inheritance, and that 
 the money, plate, &c. were weighed and marked in* 
 public J fo that any capable perfon, if he picafcd, might 
 take an inventory of the whole. He then read an 
 account of the particulars, and told them they might 
 (if they pleafed) make choice of any perfbn to take an 
 inventory for them, or buy their parts. This Iprcad a 
 vifible joy; and gave content to every oni. We con- 
 tinued cruiiing oft' the coaft of Valparaifo till the 8th, 
 when at twelve at night we broke the-miirt-top-fail- 
 yard in the flings, on which we unbent the top-fail and 
 got down the broken yard. At ten in the morning 
 we faw the high land of Choapa, and over it the 
 Cordillera mount.iins, being part of that long ridge 
 of mountains called the Andes, which rim from one 
 end of South America to the other, appearing exccf- 
 lively high, with their tops covei-cd with fnow,° 
 
 The 14th, we crofTed the fouth Tropic to the north- 
 ward, and from this,tinle, till we were fome degrees to 
 the northward of the Equator, met with nothing but 
 fair weather and a fmooth fea. 
 
 The 21ft, at noon, the hif;h land of Mbrro Quemado 
 bore E. by N. at the diftance of four leagues ; and here 
 wc continued cruifing otf and on till Nov. 2, wlien 
 about fix in the morning, we faw two fail of fliips 
 ftanding towards us ; upon which wc made a clear 
 ftiip, and immediately gave them ehace, when wc foon 
 perceived that they were the Trial and Centurion 
 prizes. As we had the wind of them, we brought to, 
 and waited their coming up, when Captain Saunders' 
 came on board, and acquainted the Commodore that 
 he had clearird the Trial purfuant to his orders, and 
 having fci!ittled her, he remained by her till flic funk; 
 but tha: it was not till the 4th of 0(5lober before this 
 was efltded, by reafon of the great fwell and hollow 
 fea; that, during his attendance on the floop, they 
 were all driven fo far to leeward, that they were after- 
 wards obliged 16 ftretch i long way to the weft ward, to 
 regain the ground they had loft j that in their cruife 
 they had met ho prize, nor had fcen any veflij on aU 
 the coaft. 
 
 November the 3rd, at five in the evening, the ifland 
 of Afia, in latitude 13 deg. 5 min, " • • ■ 
 43 min. W. bore from us " 
 leagues. 
 
 The «h, at four in the evening, we faw the high 
 land of Barranca, bearing N. E. by E. diftant ci^t 
 or nine leagues ; and half an hour after we faw a fail 
 io the northward, to whom wc gave chacc, and cleared 
 our fliip for engaging. At ten in the evening wc came 
 up with her, fired eight guns, and took her. She 
 came from Guaiaquil, and was bound for Callao, with 
 
 timber. 
 
 min. S. longitude 84 dtg, 
 N. E. by E. diftance five 
 
 / 
 
 1. 
 
 'i 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1' 
 
 
 '■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 t 
 
 ?l 
 
 
 1 ;.. 
 
 1 "i'M 
 
348 
 
 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's 
 
 timber, cocoa, cordage, tobacco, cocoa-nuts, and a 
 fmall trunk with bale goods; all of little value to us, 
 though a very coniiderable lofs to the Spaniards. She 
 was called the Santa Terefa, commanded by Don Bar- 
 folo Urrunaga, with between 30 and 40 people on 
 board, uaflengers included, and five or fix women, be- 
 iides children. Our third lieutenant, two other officers, 
 and a party of failors, were fent on board to command 
 and taKc care of her ; and our other prizes being far 
 a-ftcrn, occaiioned by our chafing this (hip, we lay by 
 till four the next morning, and fired a gun every hour 
 as a fignal for their joining us. This day I find, by 
 the dinerence of our dead reckoning and obfervations, 
 a current to fet along this coall to the northward of 
 near a mile an hour. 
 
 The 7th, we were employed in getting aboard feve- 
 ral necciTary (lores, as planks, cordage, and the like, 
 from our lad prize, for the ufe of the fquadron. The 
 fea here appeared for feveral miles of a blood-red 
 colour, which the prifoners informed us was common 
 in thofe parts. This day we found aboard the 
 prize, in fpecie and plate, 50 pounds averdupois 
 weight. 
 
 The 9th, we brought from onboard the Terefa 10 
 fcrons of cocoa, one of wax, and 1 80 fathom of three 
 and a half rope. 
 
 The loth, we brought from on board our fir(V prize 
 the Carmclo^the following goods, viz. cloth two bales, 
 bays five ditto, fugar 1 82 loaves, flraw mats two, tar 
 one (kin, raifins three bales, indigo four ferons, cotton 
 cloth one bale, hats two cafes, and 25 loofe ones, (kins 
 one parcel, chocolate one bag, camlet one bale and two 
 parcels, filks one box, lead four pigs, and combs one 
 fmall parcel. 
 
 The 1 2th, at five in the morning, we faw a fail, to 
 which we gave chace ; but there being very little winH, 
 we manned and armed our barge, pinnace, and the 
 Trial's pinnace, and fcni. them to take her, and at eight 
 they boarded and took her, and brought her to us at 
 half an hour pa(t ten. She was called the Carman, 
 commanded by Signior Marcus Marina, and came out 
 of Payta the day before, bound to Callao, laden with 
 iron and cloth, being a very valuable cargo. We 
 found on board an Irilhman, named John Williams, 
 who pretended hinifelf a priloner amongft them, and 
 with much feeming joy entered with us. He inform- 
 ed us, that, aniongll other (hips in the port of Payta, 
 they lift in the road a bark which was taking in 
 4©o.ooo dollars, wkh which (he would fail for Panama 
 in a day or two at fartheft ; and the Spani(h prifoners 
 being examined, and confirming the intelligence, and 
 farther giving fonie account of the ftrength ef the 
 place, the Commodore refolved to atuck it this very 
 night, and made preparations accordingly. Mr. 
 Thomas Simmers, mate of our (hip, with one mid- 
 (hipman and about 10 or 11 men, were fent to com- 
 mand and take care of this laft prize. At four in the 
 afternoon. Point Nonura boreE. by S. halfS. difiant 
 eight leagues. At ten at night, 'we fent our barge, 
 pinnace, and Trial'spinnace, to attack the town of 
 Pa) ta by furprizc. They had 49 men well armed, and 
 « ere commanded by the lieutenants Brett, Dennis, and 
 Hughes, who had orders, if polTible, to fecurc the 
 governor oi Payta, and fend him prifoner on board, in 
 order by that means to procure a fupply of provifions, 
 and a ranfom for the town. Half an hour alter eleven 
 we founded, and found 43 fathom water, the ground 
 mud, the ifland of Lobos bearing N. N. E. at the 
 didance of three or four miles. At feven in the loom- 
 ing. Point Onado, being the point that forms the bay 
 of Payta. bore S. S. h. two miles didant; and the 
 fwn of Payta at the fanie time began to open in a 
 dired line with it, difiant about four miles; foon after 
 which we faw oiir Britifli coloun flying on the caltle. 
 At ten the Trial's boat came on board, loaded with 
 gpld and filver, com, wrought plate, jewels, and rich 
 mbvetbles. They informed us, that they took the 
 town about two in the morning ; and that, though 
 the Spaniaids had fomc time bctore been apprized of 
 
 our intenti they yet made a very faint refifiance, having 
 fired but two guns from their caftle before our men 
 landed, and a few fmall arms afterwards, when they all 
 quitted the town with the greatefi precipitation. The 
 governor and his family made their efcape in fo much 
 nafie, that his lady was handed out of a window with 
 no other cloths to cover her but her (hi ft. All the in- 
 habitants fled in the like confufion, except fome negro 
 women and children. In this adion we loll one man, 
 Peter Obrian, the Commodore's Reward, who was (hot 
 through the breaft by a mufquct-ball ; and had two 
 wounded, to wit, Arthur Lu(k, a quartcr-mafier, and 
 the Spanilh pilot of the Terefa, whom we had made ufc 
 of as a guide; the firll through the flelhy part of the 
 arm near the (houlder, the fecond through the wrifi, 
 but neither dangcroufly: and I have had it reported 
 from fcvcral officers then on (horc, that our men ran 
 to the attack, and fired in fo irregular a manner, that 
 it was, and ftill remains a doubt, whether tholt were 
 not fliot by our people rather than by the enemy. 
 
 The town of Payta, a: the time of the attack, had 
 a fort with eight guns mounted, which commanded the 
 town and harbour; and the balcony of the governor's 
 houfe, which again commanded that fort, together with 
 feveral other houfes, was lined with armed men, of 
 which there might be about 400 in the town ; but thcfe 
 people having enjoyed a long peace, and being ener- 
 vated by the luxury fo cuftomary in thofe parts, their 
 arms in a bad condition, and no perfon of experience or 
 courage to head them, it is no wonder that they made 
 fo fmall a refiftance, and were all driven out of the 
 town in lefs than half an hour by only 49 men ; but I 
 believe the noife of two drums which we made ufc 
 •f, together with the fuddennefs of the furprizc. 
 contributed to intimidate them, and faciliuted our 
 fuccefs. 
 
 On our getting polTeflion of the cadle, our com- 
 manding ofiicer very inconfiderately ordered the guns 
 to be thrown over the walls, which accordingly was 
 executed; but fome time after refjedling on the ill 
 confequcnce which might attend that proceeding, 
 he ordered two of them to be got up and re- 
 mounted. 
 
 At eleven our barge came on board, loaded with 
 money, plate, and jewels. This town contains abouc 
 1 40 or 1 50 houfes; there are in it two churches, which, 
 together with the governor's houfe and cadle, are the 
 only remarkable buildings. There arc feveral large 
 dore-houfes full of rich European, Afian, and American 
 goods, all which were dedroyed when we fet the town 
 on fire ; of which in its place. The town lies in lati- 
 tude 5 deg. 3 min. S. and longitude from London 88 
 dcg. 48 min. W. This afternoon we einployed our- 
 fclves in getting off the plunder, and provifions of hogs 
 and fowls, whic-h were here in great plenty. In the even- 
 ing we anchored in 10 fathom water, the town bearing 
 from us S. by E. half E. at about three miles difiancc, 
 not being able to' get farther in, by rcafon of the flaws 
 of wind from off the land. 
 
 From this time to the i jth, we were employed in 
 getting on board the plunder, which chiefly confided of 
 rich brocades, laced cloaths, bales of fine linens aiTd 
 woollens, Britannia's, flays, and the like ; together with 
 a great number of hogs, lome (hcep and fowls, cafes of 
 Spanifli brandies and wines, a great quantity of onions, 
 olives, fwect-meats, and many other things too tedious 
 to name, all which the failors hoped would have been 
 equally divided among the (hip's companies, but they 
 found themfelves difappointed. 
 
 We found in the road, one. (hip, two fnows, one 
 fchooner, and two quarter-gallies, all which we took 
 poirelTion of. The 1 4th, in the morning, ve faw a 
 bark-log, as they call it, being a fort of raft made of 
 liie dumps of trees fadened toother, overlaid with 
 poles, and covered with fmall twigs twided mat-wife, 
 with feveral people in her coming along (horc from 
 the fouthward. She had a fort of mad and fail in her, 
 and at fird fight we knew not what to make of her ; 
 and none of our own boats being on board, «« fent 
 
 the 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 349 
 
 the Carmen's boat, with Mr. Langdon. a midlhipman, 
 who commanded in the Tecond place on board that 
 (hip, and fome armed people, to puHuc them, who 
 perceiving it put on fhprc, and niadc their efcape over 
 the rocks. Mr. Langdon took thbir bark-log. which 
 he found to be laden with dried fifli, which we fuppofc 
 they were carrying to Piyta for a market. This 
 evening the Spaniards, who had all along appeared in 
 great numbers from the hills, And were now confidcr- 
 ably increafcd, making a (hew of warlike preparations, 
 as if they defigned in the night to attack our people in 
 the town, they thereupon barricaded the ftrccts, and 
 kept very ftri^ watches, to prevent a furprizc. Several 
 negroes delivered themfclves up, defiring to be made 
 prifoncrs, that they might have fome food, and more 
 cfpecially water, to keep them from perifliing ; for 
 the country thereabouts being for many miles round 
 quite barren and f.indy, without either water or any 
 other thing ncccflary for life, and the neareft town 
 to them, named as I think^Sancu Cruz, whence relief 
 might be got, being a day and a half or two days 
 journey off, the people who had left the town were in 
 a ftarving condition, and we had melancholy accounts 
 of feveral dying among them for want chiefly of water 
 during our fmall ftay s and yet fo greatly were they 
 infatuated or frightened, that they never oftered to 
 treat for the ranfom of the place, which if they had 
 done, 1 believe it would not have been deftroyed ; in 
 which cafe, they might have fecured to thcmfdves 
 not only their habitations, but provifions and water 
 enough (till they could have got a frefh recruit), 
 -which we (hould on that condition have readily left 
 them. 
 
 The town feems to be very unhappily fituated on 
 that and fome other accounts, they having no water 
 but what iM brought them by land-carriage from feveral 
 leagues off; fo that they are obliged to keep very con- 
 liderable quantities by them in earthen jars, not only 
 for their own ufe, but for the (hips who frequently 
 touch here, where they likcwife often unload, and take 
 iiffrefli cargoes. They are in the fame cafe as to grain, 
 bread, and almoft all other neccflaries of life ; and lie 
 fo open to an enemy, that the town has been often 
 taken and ruined by the Englifh, Dutch, and French ; 
 all which Inconveniences, one would imagine, fliould 
 tempt therti to change their fttuation : but then the 
 conveniency of their trade is fo great, being the only 
 
 f roper place they can pitch on for a mart between 
 anama and Peru, that thev prefer this lucrative con- 
 venience to all other confiderations. 
 
 Aowng the flaves who had dcfired to be entertained 
 in our fervice, was one, who, having been a flave in 
 
 i Jamaica, had on the death of his mailer obtained his 
 iberty, and thereupon entered himfelf a fervont to one 
 of the South Sea Company's h&ors, whom he accom- 
 panied to Porto Bcllo and Panama, and there got into 
 the fervice of a Spanifh gentleman, who took a great 
 ikncy to him, and with whom he went to Lima in 
 in Peru, where this mailer likewife dying left hihfi a 
 very confiderable legacy ; but the power being liow ill 
 the hands of his executors, they not only defraudfcd him 
 df this legacy, but made him a flave a focond time. 
 He was now at Payta with one of his neW mafters, «n 
 his pafla^ from Lima to Panama, when he took this 
 opportunity to come over to us; ind being a very 
 handy fellow, and accuftomed to wait on gentlemen, 
 he was immediately taken into the Comrtiodorc's fer- 
 vice, came with us into England, and, I believe, con- 
 tinued with him till his death. This petfon gave us 
 fome information of the deflgns of the Spaniards on 
 fliorc, and told us we had killed one or two of them, 
 and wounded feveral others; but this account was 
 never, that I know of, fiirther confirmed. 
 
 The isth, in the morning, we fent on (hore all our 
 Spanifh, and feveral of our Ihdian prifoners, keeping 
 all the blacks and foitie of the Indians, to afTiA in 
 wotkiiu; the fliips, 8ec< To the blacks, who were all 
 ormoftofthem flaves, was promifcd their liberty in 
 Engbtid, in cafe they would ftand by and aflill us 
 
 N». 43. 
 
 againlt our enemies the Spaniards ; which they all pro- 
 mifed very cordially : but we could foon difcuver, that, 
 notwtthftanding their feeming condefcenflonj moll of 
 them would have much rather continued in the fervice 
 of their old mailers, than fail to accept of liberty with 
 us ; not that I believe thofe people were in love with 
 flavcry, or would not willingly have had their liberty, 
 but then it mufl be on their own terttis, the Spaniards 
 in thofe parts being in great awe of the Indians^ 
 whom, though they have lubdued, and feem to have 
 incorporated among them, they dare not truft, but keep 
 thefc blacks as guards, and ufe thejn well. The truth 
 is, thofe Indians have^Qill preferved, by tradition from 
 father to fon, the tnettiory of the great cruelties which 
 the firft Spaniards extrcifed in thofe parts, and ard 
 angry enough at their prefent hard ufage. They look 
 on themfelves as the natural lords of the country, and 
 the Spaniards as covetous intruders,' and cruel in- 
 human tyrants ; and want only opportunity to make 
 them fenlible of their refenttnent, and to recover their 
 loft country and liberty. 'Tts on this account that the 
 Spaniards are very kind to their black flaves, whoiii 
 they cherilh and encourage highly^ and look on them 
 in the fame light of a ftanding militia, always read/ 
 to arm againft thofe Indiaiiii; fo that, though thener 
 groes in all other plantations iH theWeft Indies ar<i 
 ever ready for revolts and rebellions, thcfe on the con* 
 trary, are always ready to defend their kind mafters 
 with' their lives. In effedl they live very eafy, art 
 favoured by the Spaniards, and fcorn and infult the 
 poor Indians, whom return hate and deceft both theni 
 and their mafters ; that being all that is left in their 
 power. 
 
 This day an order was given to Mr. Brett, the fhcrt 
 commanding officer on fhorei to burn and deftroy the 
 town entire^, the two churches, which flood a little 
 out of the way of the reft, only excepted ; the Spaniardsi 
 as has been already faid, never having made any ad- 
 vance towards treating for its ranfom. 
 
 But now, before I entirely quit the relatiori of ouir 
 tranfaclions at this place, it may, perhaps, be expedtedj 
 that I fhould give a more particular account of th€ 
 booty we made, and of the lofs the Spaniards fuftainedi 
 I have already obfervcd, that there were great quam 
 titles of vahtable effeds in the town ; but, as moft o^ 
 thein were what we couid neither difpofe of, nor carrf 
 away, the toul of this merchandize can only be rudely 
 guefTed at. The Spaniard*, in their reprefcntations 
 fent to the Court of Madrid (as we were afterwards ■ 
 afTured), eftimated their whole lofs at a liiillion and 
 a half of dollars ; and when it is confidercd, that nd 
 fttiall part of the gdods we left behind us, were of thd 
 richeft and ilioft expenfivc fbecies, as broad-cloths) 
 fliks, cambrics, velvets, &c> I cannot but think their 
 valuation fbflicientiy moderate. 
 
 As to ourfelVe^, the acquifttion we made, tKoubK int 
 confiderable in comparifon of what we deftroyed, was 
 yet far from defpicable ; for the wrought plate, dollars^ 
 and other coin, .which fell into our hands, amounted to 
 upwards of 30,000!. befidcs feveral rings, bracelets, and 
 jewels, whole intriiiflc value wecoUld not then eflimatei 
 and over and above ail this, the plunder, which be- 
 came the property of the immediate captors, vat 
 Very gteii ; fo that, upon the whole, it was by much 
 the mbft imporunt booty we met with upon thai 
 coaftt 
 
 There remains ftill another iMtter tb be related^ 
 which on account of the fignal honour which our na^ 
 tional chanufter in thofe parts has thence received, and 
 the reputation which our Commodore in paiticulaf 
 h4s thereby acquired, merits a diftini5l and circumftana. 
 tial difcultion. I haVe already obferVed, that all the 
 prifoners taken by uk, were, before our departure, put 
 on (hore, and difcharged, amongft whom there were 
 fome pcrfons of confiderable diftirtdHoti; efpeciall^ %. 
 youth of about I'j years ttf age, fon of the V^ce-prefu 
 dent of the Council of Chili. As the barbarity of th« 
 buccaniers, and the artful Ules the ecclefiaftics had 
 made of it, had filled the natives of thofe countries 
 4T witu 
 
 : 
 
 i!. 
 
 I I] 
 
 ;1 
 
3JC 
 
 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANi^O N's 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 li 
 
 with the moft terrible ideas bf Englifti cruelty, wc 
 always found our prifoners, at their firft coining on 
 board us, to be extremely dejcAed, and under great 
 horror and anxiety; particularly this youth, who„ 
 having never been fionn home before, lamented his 
 captivity in the moft moving manner,, regretting, in 
 very plaintive terms, his parents, his brothers, his; 
 fifters, and his native country t of alt which, he was! 
 folly perfuaded. he had taken his lad farewd, believingi 
 that he was now devoted for the remaining part of his; 
 life to an abjed and cruel fervitude. Indeed, his! 
 companions on tmard, and all the Spaniards that came: 
 into our power, had the fame defpondihg opinion ofj 
 their fituation. Mr. Anfon conftantly exerted his, 
 utmolt endeavours to efface thofe terrifying imprcf- 
 fionsthey had received of us, always taking care, that 
 as many of the principal people among them as there 
 was room for fliould dine at his table by turns ; and 
 giving the nioft peremptory orders, too, that they 
 flioula always be treated with the utmoft decenc]^ and 
 humanity : but, notwithftanding this precaution, it was 
 generally obferved, that for the nrft day or two they did 
 not quit their fears, fufpcding the gentlenefs of their 
 ulage to be only preparatory to fortie unthought of ca- 
 lamity. However, being at length convinced of our 
 fincerity, they grew perfcdlly eafy in their fituation, 
 and remarkably chearful; fo that it was often difputa- 
 ble, whether or no they confidercd their beinz detained 
 by us as a misfortune : for the youth I have aBove ver- 
 tioned, who was near two months on board us, had at 
 lad fo far conquered his melancholy furm>fes, and had 
 taken fuch an aifoflion to Mr. Anfon, that it is doubt- 
 ful tome, whether, if his own opinion had been alkcd, 
 he would not have preferred a voyage to England 
 in the Centurion, to the being fet on more at Payta, 
 where he was at liberty to return to his country and 
 friends. 
 
 This condutft of the Commodore to his prifoners, 
 which was continued without ir^terruption or devia- 
 tion,'gave them all the highcft idea of his humanity and 
 benevolence, and occafioned thtfm, likewife, (as man- 
 kind arc fond of forming general opinions^ to enter- 
 tain very favourable thoughts of tnc whole Englifh 
 ■ation. But whatever they might be difpofed to thin|c j 
 of Mr, Anfon before the capture of the Tercfa, thejr ; 
 veneration for him was prodigioufly incr^ed by his 
 conduft towards the ladies whom he took in that 
 veflcl; for, being informed that there were among 
 them a mother and two daughters of exquifite beauty, 
 who were of quality, he not only gave orders th^t they 
 fhould be left in full polFeflion of their own apartments, 
 but alfo forbid, on the fevered penalties, any of the 
 common people on board from approaching them ; anc^> 
 that they might be the more certam of having thefe or- 
 ders complied with.orof having the means ofcomplain- 
 ingif they were not, he permitted the t>ilot, who in Spa- 
 nim (hips is generally the fecond perfon on board, today 
 with them as a guaidian and protc^or. Thefe were 
 mesdures that fcemed fo different from what might 
 have been expeded from an enemy and an heretic, 
 that the Spaniards on board, though they had them- 
 felvcs experienced his beneficence, were furprized at 
 this new inda.'. ~e of it s and the more fo^ as all this 
 was done without folicitatitm, and without the Interpol 
 fition of one' frknd to intercede ih their Tavour. The 
 kdies were fo lenlible of the oUigations they owed him 
 for the care and attention with which he proteded 
 them, that they abfolutely refufed to go on fhore at 
 I^yta, tiU they had been permitted to wait on him on 
 board the Ceaturion to return him thanks in perfon. 
 Indeed, all the prifoners left us with the drongcd 
 afliinnces of their grateful remembrance of his un- 
 common treatment: a jefuit, in particuhir, whom thie 
 Ctnntnodore had taken, and who was «h cfcclefiadit; of 
 fbme (UAindion, could not help expreflins himfetf with 
 great tljankfolncfs for the civilities he and his country- 
 men had found on board, declaring that he fliould 
 confiderit as his duty to do Mr. Anfbnju(H(^ea;«ll 
 timti, addioig that his ufiige of the nieii |>rifoiiers was 
 
 - i '' ' '' '' \ ' ' 
 
 fuch as could never be forgotten, and fuch as he 
 fhould neyer fail to ackirawlrage upon all occalsoos ; 
 but that hit behaviour to the l^iiei was fo extraonii- 
 nary, aod fo exticinely honourible. that he doubted if 
 all the r^rd due to. his own ecdefiadical charȣter 
 would be fufficient to render it credible. Indeed, we 
 were afterwards informed, that he and the red of our 
 prifoners had not been filent on this head; but that, 
 both at Lima and at other places, they had given t^c 
 great,ed encomiums to our Commodore ; that the 
 jefuit, in particular, as we were told, on his account, 
 interpretied in a lax: and hypothetical fenfe, that artidc 
 of his church whid^aiferu the impolfibility of heretics 
 being faved. But to return : 
 
 After wc (lad finilhcd our bufinefs, fet the towtt id 
 flames, and got the traifore on board, Mr. Brett, the 
 oihcer whocommfinded the attack, having colleded l^s 
 men together, was direding his march towards the 
 beach where the boats waitra to take them on board, 
 when the Spaniards on the hill behind the town, ob- 
 ferving hjs retreat, refolved to try if they could not 
 precipitate his departure, and thereby lay Ibmc founda- 
 tion for future boading. To this end a party of horfe, 
 all picfwed men lingled out for this daring cntcrprize, 
 marched down the hill with much fccming refolution j 
 fo that, had we not entertained a jud opinion of tiieir 
 prowcfs, we might have imagined, that, now wc we.-x: 
 upon the open beach, with no advantages of lituation, 
 they uould certainly have chai^d us: but wc pre- 
 fumed, and we were not midaken. that ail this was 
 mereo(lentation; tor, nqtwithdanding the pomp and 
 parade they at fird came on with, Mr. Brett had no 
 fooncr ordered his men to halt and &ce about, than the 
 eneniy dopt their career, and never dared to advance a 
 dep father. 
 
 When our people arrived at their boats and were 
 ready to go on board, they were for fomc time retarded 
 by miffing one of their number ; and being unable, oo 
 their mutual enquiries amoi\g each other, to inforai 
 thcmfelves where he was left, or by what accident de- 
 tained, they, after a confiderable delay, refolved to get 
 into their boats and to depart without him : but whea 
 the lad man was actually embarked, and the boau were 
 jud puttingoff. they heard him callingto them to take 
 him in. The place was fay this time fo thoroughly 
 on fire, and the fmoke covered the beach fo edec* 
 tually, that they could fcarcely difcern him, though 
 they Iptard his voice. However, the Lieutenant 
 indantly ordiered one of th^ boats to his relief, 
 who found him up to the chin in water, ibr he had 
 waded as far as he durd, being extremely frightened 
 with the apprchenfiops of falling into the hands of an 
 enemy, enraged, as they doubtlcis were, at the pillage 
 and dedrudion of their town. Qn enquiring into the 
 caufe of his daying behind, it was found that he had 
 
 Eken that mornipg too large a dpfe of brandy, which 
 id thrown him into fo found a deep, that he did not 
 awake till the fire cam^ near enough to fcorch him.. 
 He was drangdy amazed, at fird opening his eyes, to 
 fee the houln on a blaze on one fide, ^d feveral 
 Spaniards and Indians not far from him olt the other. 
 Thegreatnefs and fuddennefs of his fright -indantly 
 reduced him into a dace of fobriety. and gave him. 
 fufficient prcfence of mind to pufh throggh the thickeft 
 of the dnoke, as thelikdied means to cfcapcthe enemy; 
 aiid, making the bed of his way to the beach, he ran 
 as far into the water as he durd (for he couldnot fwim), 
 before he ventured to look back. 
 
 By thp time our people had helped their comrade 
 out of the water, and were making the bed of their ' 
 way to the fquadion, the flames had taken pofleflion 
 of every part of the town, and burnt fo furioufly, both 
 by means of the combudibles that had been didnbuted- 
 for that purpofe, and by the llightnefs of the materials 
 of which the houfes were compofed.and their aptitude , 
 tp take fire, that it wat fuflicicntly amj^rent no efforts 
 of the enemy (though they flocked down in g.ce«it . 
 nymbers) could pofTibly put a d<^ to it, or pqevofit 
 the entire deiirudion of th-^ place, and all thenwtr«t 
 
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 VOYAGE ROUND the V/ O R L P. 
 
 35' 
 
 chandizecontiined therein. Mr. Brett had the curio 
 fitjr todetineate iti« appearance, together with that of the 
 fiiips in the harbowr- 
 
 Ourdetachtncnt having now rafclyjoinedthcfquadron, 
 the Commad6re prepared to leave the place the fame 
 ' evening. At fcven, Ci<pc Blanco. ' in latitude 4 deg. 
 aS min. S. and longitude 88 deg. i$min. W. from 
 London, bore from us S. S. E. half E. about (even or 
 eight miles diftant. This afternoon and the next dajy' 
 we were employed in taking the moll ufeful and valua-l 
 bie thitlgs wt of ttie Santa Tercfa and the Pa^u bark :! 
 we likewife 'deflgrtthg to take every neccflary thing j 
 which we converticntly could out ot the Sanu TereCa, | 
 in order todc(hoy her, and bring our (Ircngth ip"> a! 
 lefs compufs, we to^k her in tow, and fee the rayta ' 
 bark on fire with the fame view. The next cjay wc 
 dedroyed the Sarita Tcrefa in the lame, manner, 
 ' having got nut of thcni both fonic anchors^ cables, 
 'hawfers, yards, and'top-rtialls, blocks, bales of goods, 
 and feveral other necenitiics. , 
 
 The 1 7th, at three in the aflernoon, the Gloucefter, 
 #tth a prize of hers iiji tow, joined us. This prize was 
 Mded the Dtl;Ort), ahd was chiefly laden with wine; 
 'however, out ojf hei* and a frhall boat which they took 
 going along fliore, they got. in gold, filvcr, and wrcWht 
 plate, to amiut th6 value of 1 7 or 1 8,QOoL Tncfe , 
 two were ail the prizCii the Gloucefter tOok in thufc ' 
 feus. 
 
 On boai|d this prize of the Gloucefter were two 
 liorfes, which being, I fuppofe, fat, and probably 
 better food than their fait becior pork, they killed and < 
 eat thcm'i and this, I imagine, gave ground to that 
 fiftion 'whidh one of the fpurious accounts of our 
 voyage haa '^iven, of our eajgcrly hunting and eating 
 WildnOrfes, whet;cas in reality vit never faw nor heard 
 of a wild boHb during Our voyaec. 
 ' The Grouce'ft^r had chaccd two or throe ih'ps 
 which bjid e&aptfd heir, and pne of thoie touclied at 
 Payra; and thoUjjh ^he^ could give no certain account 
 that the ftiip which had chaccd them was an qnemy.yet 
 the circiihlftances thty ^V6 were fo ftrong, that it put 
 ttiepeop1e0f]'iiyt:l upon fecurihg their treafure, and 
 the belt of their 6ffe£h, not caring to be to6 well 
 provided fbf the.prafitorruchuKweicome vifitants. 
 
 The 2t A, at half part five in the mornliig, we faw 
 the ifland of PUta, io called (fom Sir Francis Drake's 
 baving, at it ii faid, divided the treasure he took in the 
 dotith Sea it this plACi^. ' At two this afternoon the 
 port of Nfanta bb^|S. E. by E. diftant about eight or 
 nine league^. Wt at this time fent fix months pro 
 virion; on bo^rd tKc Garrnen ; and all the (hips had 
 orders, irt (^afc of fepiration, for ftveral rendezvoufes on 
 the doaft o^ MfcitiCo, or» in cafe of not meeting there, 
 to mako the i«ft 61 tnei^ wav, to Macao, in China, 
 wheft th(;y v^lilfi tdn^alt thi arrival of the Commo- 
 dore. 
 
 The I2rt'd. a: divlfldh \i'»a made of the plunder of 
 Payta; and the Cothidbdbre riot appearing in that 
 affair, ic was done at the pleafure, and to the entire 
 rati$fac>ian, of five or fix (no doubt) very difinterefted 
 officers; and, incle'cd. itbft things of this nature,, 
 during thecourfe of tlie voyage being maniured with 
 the fame dlfc ration a'rtd' honour, no room was left for 
 cbmplainihg of particular pairtialities. 
 
 Here, however, v/i cannot help re(harking a very 
 confiderabl'e 4l^(refeitce' between the relation given by 
 Pafcoe Thdtnik. and that given by Mr: Wi^ltersi the 
 former haVirtg aflerted, that the Commddore' did not 
 interfere in the diftribution ; the latter, that it was by 
 his prudent management, that a jealoufy, which had 
 arifen between tnore who were the real captors, and 
 thofc who remained on board the (hip, was accom- 
 nlodated. Mr. Walters' account will fet this matter 
 in a trUe light'j " Arid" now, fays he, (while the (hips 
 lay-to, in hopes of joining the Gloucefter) a jealouly, 
 which had taken its rife iu Fayta, between thofc who 
 had been commanded' on ftiore for the attack, and thofe 
 wbo had* continued onboard, grewtofuch a height. 
 
 that the Commodore, being made acquainted with it, 
 thought it n .ccirary to intcrpofe his authority to op- 
 pofe it. Tdc ground of this animoiity was the plunder 
 gotten at Payta, which thofe who had aded on (hore had 
 appropriated to t|iemfelves, conlidering it as a reward 
 tor the rifqucs they had run. and the refolution they 
 had fhewn in that fcrvice. But thofe whohad remained 
 on board looked on this aa a very partial and unjuft 
 procedure, urging, that, had it been left to their choice, 
 they Ih9uld have preli:rrcd the acting on ihore to the 
 . qontinui^g on board; that their duty while their com- 
 rades were on (bore waa cxfromely fatiguing; for, be- 
 fides the labour of the day, they were conftantly under 
 arms all nieht, to fecur? the prifoners, whofe numbers 
 exceeded tneir own, and of whom it was then necef- 
 fary to bcextremely wacchfiil, to prevent any attempts 
 they mignt have formed in that critical conjuncture: 
 (hat, iijpojn the whole, it coijiU not be denied, but that 
 the prufencc of a fuiHcient force oa board was as n«- 
 (fertary t ) the fuccefsof the cntcrprizc. as the adion of 
 ]the others on (hore; and, therefore, thofe who had 
 continued on board maintained, that they could not be 
 deprived of their Ihare of the plunder without manifeft 
 Iniuftice. Thcfe were the contefts amongft ourmen, 
 which were carried on with great. heat on both fides; 
 a.nd, though the plunder in queftion was a very trifle 
 in comparifon of the treafure taken in the place (in 
 which there was no doubt but thofe on board had an 
 eqiiil right), yet as the obftinacyof the failors is not 
 always re^ulaccd b\' the importance of the matter in 
 difputc, the Coinniodore thought it neceflkry to put 
 a ftop to this ferment betimes. Accordingly, the 
 moriiinij after our leaving Payta, he ordered all hands 
 upon the quarter-deck, where addrefting himfelf to 
 Inofc who had been detached on (hore, he conimended 
 their bcHaviouV, and thanked them (or their fcrvices on 
 that occafiun ; but then, reprefenting: to them the rca- 
 foiis urged by thofe who had continued on board, for 
 an equal diftribution of the plunder, he told them, that 
 jic thought thcfe reaibns very conclulive, and that the 
 expeilations of thqir comrades were juftly found^; 
 and there .'jrej he infifted, tjiat, not only the men, but 
 9II the ofHcers likc\yife who had been employed in 
 taking the place, ftiould produce the whole of their 
 plunder immediately upon the quarter-deck, and that 
 It fliould be impartially divided amongft the whole 
 crew, in proportion to each man's . rank and commif. 
 fion ; aod, to prev«;nt thofe who had been in poflelTion 
 of the plunder from murmuring at this diminution of 
 their mare, the Commodore added, that, as an en- 
 courgemcnt to others who might be hereafter employed 
 on like fervices, he would give his entire (hare to be 
 diftributed amongft thofe who had been detached for 
 the attack of the place. Thus, this troublelbme aflair, 
 which, if permitted to have gone on, might, perhaps, 
 have been attended with inifchievous confequences, 
 was, by the Commodore's prudence, foon lippeafed, to 
 the general (atisfaiflion of tnq (hip's company: not but 
 there were fome few whofe felfifti difpofitions were un- 
 influenced by the juftice of this procedure, and who 
 were incapable of difcerning the force of equity, 
 however glaring, when it tended to deprive them 
 of any part ot what they had once got into their 
 hands." 
 j Being now joined by the Gloucefter and her prize, it 
 was refolvcd that we (hould ftand to the northward, 
 and make the bcft of our way either to (iipe St. Lucas 
 on California, or to Cape Corientes on the coaft of 
 Mexico. Indeed, the Commodore when at Juan Fer- 
 nandez, had determined to touch in the neighbourhood 
 of Panama, and to endeavour to get fome correfpon- 
 dence over land with the fleet under the command of 
 Admiral Vernon; for when we departed from England, 
 we left a large force at Portfmouth, v\ hich was intended 
 to be fent to the Weft Indies, there to be employed in 
 an expedition againft fome of the Spanifh fettlements. 
 And Mr. Anion, taking ir for granted that this enter- 
 prize had fuccceded, and that Porto Bello perhaps ■ 
 
 might 
 
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3S'i 
 
 Commodore ( afterwards Lord) ANSON 's 
 
 I' 
 
 I J' 
 
 might be then ^rrifoncd by I)riti(h troopi, he hoped 
 that, on his arrival at the iflhmui, he fhould cafily pro- 
 cure an intercourfc with our countrymen on the other 
 tide, cither by the Indians, who were greatly difpofed in 
 (Mir favour, or even by the Spaniards thcmfelvcs, fomc 
 of whom for proper rewards might be induced to carry 
 on this inteltigrncei which, alter it was once begun, 
 might be continued with vcr^ httic difiicultvt fo that 
 Mr. Anron flattered himfelt, that he might by this 
 means have received a reiiitbicetncnt of men from the 
 other fulr, and that, by fettling a prudent plan of opera- 
 tions with our Commanders in the Weft Indies, he 
 might have taken even Finama icfelf, which would 
 have given to the Britifh nation the poflcflion of that 
 inhmus, whereby we fliould have been in eft'eift mailers 
 of all the treafures of Peru. 
 
 Such were the proje(!is which the Commodore re- 
 volved in his thoughts, at the iQand of Juan Fernandez, 
 notwichllanding the feeble condition to which he was 
 then reduced i but in examining the papers w hich were 
 found on board the Carmelo, the firft prize we took, 
 we learned, that our attempts againit Carthagena had 
 friilcd, and that there was no probability that our fleet 
 in that part of the world would engage in any new 
 entcrpn7.c that would at all facilitate this plan. Mr. 
 Anfon therefore gave ovt5r all ho|ies of being reinforced 
 acrofs the iflhmus. and confequcntly had no induce, 
 mcnt at prefcnt to proceed to Panama, as he was in> 
 capable of attacking the place, and there was great 
 rcafon to believe that, by this time, there was a general 
 embargo on all the coau. 
 
 The only fcafible meafure, then, which was left us. 
 was to (leer as fcon as poflible to the fouthern parts 
 of California, or to the adjacent coafl of Mexico, there 
 to cruife for the Manilla galleon, which we knew was 
 now at fea. bound to the port ofAcapulco; and we 
 doubted not but to get on that (lation time enough 
 to intercept her: but there was a bufinefs which v c 
 foreiaw would occafionfome delay, and that was the 
 recruiting our water, it being impoffiblc to think of 
 venturing upon this pafCige to the coad of Mexico till 
 wc had procured a frclh (upply. It was for fome time 
 a matter of deliberation, wncre wc (hould take in this 
 necclfary article t but, by confulting the accounts of 
 former navigators, and examining our prifoncrs, wc at 
 lail refolved tor the ifland of Quibo, lituatcd at the 
 mouth of the bay of Panama. Nor was it but ongood 
 grounds that the Commodore conceived this to be 
 the propercfl place for watering the fquadron. IndeCk!, 
 there wasa fmall ifland called Cocos, which was icfsout of 
 our way thanQuibo, where fome of the buccaniers had 
 nretcnded to find water; but none of our prifoncrs 
 knew any thing of it, and it was thought too danger- 
 ous to riiquc the fafcty of the fquadron, by expoung 
 ourfelves to the hazard of not meeting with water 
 when wc came there, on the mere authority of thofc 
 legendary writers, of whofe mifreprcfentations and 
 fallities we had almofl daily experience. Determined, 
 therefore, to take in water at Quibo, wc diredled our 
 courfc northward, being eight fail in company, and 
 confequcntly having the appearance of a very formi- 
 dable fleet; and on the 19th, at day-break, wc dif- 
 covered (ape Blanco, bearing S. S. E. half E. feven 
 miles diftant. By thui time we found that our lafl 
 prize, the Solidad, was far from anfwering the charader 
 given of her as a good failer ; and flic and the Santa 
 I'ercfa delaying usconflderably, the Commodore com- 
 manded them to be cleared of^ every thing that might 
 prove ufcful to the reft of ttie (hips, and then to be 
 burnt. And having given proper inftrudlions, and ap- 
 pointed a rendezvous to the Gloucefter, and to tnc 
 !>rize8, in cafe of feparation, we pnx^ceded in our courfe 
 or Quibo. 
 
 On the 35 th, Point Manta bore S. E. by E. at fevcn 
 miles diftance, and there being a town of the fame 
 name in the neighbourhood. Captain Mitchell in the 
 Gloucefter took the opportunity of fetting on (horc 
 feveral of his prifoncrs. The boats Verc now daily 
 employed in diftributing provifions on board the 
 
 I 
 
 prizes, to complcat their ftock for fix months ; and that 
 the Centurion might be the better prepared to give 
 the Manilla (hip a warm reception, it happily (he 
 (liould fall in ♦mr way, the carpenters were ordered 
 to fix eight ftocks on the main and fore tops, which 
 were properly fitted for the mounting of fwivcl 
 guns. 
 
 On the 25th, wc had fight of the iflanc'. of Gallo; 
 and from hence we crolTcd the bay of Panama, (haping 
 our courfc in a dired line for Quibo. Here we found, 
 in a few days, a verv confiderablc alteration in the 
 climate; for, inftead of that uniform temperature 
 where neither the excefs of heat or cold was prevalent, 
 we had now clofe and fultry weather, like that we met 
 with on the coaft of Brazil. We had, betides, frequent 
 calms and heavy rains, which wc at firft afcribed to 
 the neighbourhood of the line, where this kind of 
 weather is obferved to obtain at all feafonsofthe year; 
 but, finding that it attended us for more than (even 
 degrees of north latitude, we began to fufped that the 
 ftormy fcafon, or, as the Spaniards call it. the Vande- 
 wals, was not yet pall ; though many writers, particu- 
 larly Captain Sheivock, alFert, that this feafon begins 
 in June, and ends in November: but, perhaps, iu end 
 may not be always regular. 
 
 On the 27th, Captain Mitchell having cleared his 
 targeft prize, (lie was likewifc fet on fire ; and now our 
 fleet confided only of five (hips, and wc were fortunate 
 enough to find, them all good failcrs. On the 3rd of 
 December we had a view of the ifland of Quibo, the 
 caft end of which bore from us N. N. W. four leagues 
 diflanr, and the ifland of Qiiicara W. N. W. at about 
 the fame diftance. When we had thus got fight of 
 land, wc found the wind to hang wefterly ; and there- 
 fore, night coming on, we thuugnt it advifable to ftand 
 off till morning, as there are faid to be fomc (hoals at 
 the entrance of the channel. At fix the next morning. 
 Point Marrato bore N. E. half N. three or four leagues 
 diftant. In weathering this point, all the fquadron, 
 except the Ccnturirn, were very near it; and the 
 Gloucefter, being the lecward-moft (hip. was forced to 
 tack and ftand to the fouthward ; fo that we loft fight 
 of her; and, thewind proving unfavourable, we faw her 
 no more till we quitted the ifland. At feven in the 
 evening we anchored in the Canal Bucno. or Good 
 Channel, which is at leaft fix miles in breadth, muddy 
 ground. Next morning an oflRcer was difpatched on 
 more to difcover the watering-place, who, having found 
 it, returned before noon ; and then we fent our long- 
 boat for a load of water, and at the fame time weighed, 
 and ftood further in with our (hips, for the convenience 
 of being foonerfupplied; fothat wc were little more 
 than two days in laying in all the wood and water we 
 wanted. Whilft the (hip continued here at anchor, 
 the Commodore, attendeo by fome of his officers, went 
 in a boat to examine a bay which lay' to the northward, 
 and they afterwards ranged all along the caftcrn fide 
 of the ifland. In the places where they put on fliorc, 
 in the courfc of this expedition, they generally found 
 the foil to be rich, and met with great plenty of ex- 
 cellent water. In particular, near the north-eaft point 
 of the ifland, th(fy difcovercd a natural cafcade, which 
 furpa(rcd, as they conceived, every thing of this kind 
 which human art had ever yet produced. It was a 
 river of tranfparent water, about 40 yards wide, which 
 rolled down a declivity of near 1 50 feet in length. 
 The channel itfelf was very irregular, intircly com- 
 pofed of rocks, both its fides and bottom being made 
 up of large detached blocks,and by thefe thecourfcof the 
 water was frequently interrupted ; for in fome parts it 
 ran (loping with a rapid but uniform motion, whilft ia 
 others it tumbled over ledges of rocks with a perpen- 
 dicular defcent. On the neighbourhood of this ftream 
 was a fine wood; and even the huge mafTes of rock 
 which ovcr-hting the Water, and which by their various 
 projedlions formed the inequalities of the channel, 
 were covered with lofty for<Jft trees. Whilft the Conv- 
 modore, with thofe who accompanied him, were at. 
 tcntively viewing this place, and Were remarking tlie 
 
 ditTcrcnt. 
 
 !' 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 isi 
 
 diflferent Ucndingiof the water, the rocks, ami the 
 wood, there came in fight, at it were to heighten and 
 animate thc^pmrpeft, a prodigious Hight of mackaws. 
 which, hovcnng over this fpot, and often wheehng and 
 playing on the wing above it, afforded a moft brilliant 
 appearance, by the glittering of the fun, and their va- 
 riegated plumage i fo that lomeof the fpcdlaturs cannot 
 refrain from a kind of tranfport when they recount the 
 bmutica which occurred in this extraordinary waterfal. 
 
 In three days we complcated our bufinefs in this 
 place, and were impatient to depart, that we might ar- 
 rive time enough on the coafl of Mexico, to intercept 
 the galleon > but the wind, being contrary, detained us 
 ■ night I and the next day, when we had gained an 
 offing, while we were hovering about in hopes of get- 
 ting ught of the Gloucclkr, we on the 20th dcfccrncd 
 a mialTfail to the northward of us, to which wc gave 
 chace, and coming up with her took her. She proved 
 to be a bark from Panama, called the Jcfu Nazareno, 
 laden with oakum, rock fait, and a fmall quantity of 
 money to purchafe a caigo of provifions at Cheripe, 
 an inconltdenble village on the continent, which, 
 however, has a good nurket, from whence future voy- 
 agers, in cafe of necefllty nuy be plentifully fupplicd. 
 
 On the 1 3th of September we joined the Glouccftcr. 
 who informed us, that, in tacking to the fouthward, 
 on her firft approach towards the iiiand, die had fprung 
 her ibre-top-mall, which had difablcd her from work- 
 ing to windward, and prevented her from Joining us 
 fooner. Wc now fcuttled and funk the Jcfu Naza- 
 leno, and, on the 1 2th of December, ftood to the well- 
 ward, having previoufly delivered frelh inftrudions for 
 the conduct of the licet. We had now little doubt of 
 arriving foon enough upon our intended ftation, as wc 
 cxpedled, upon the increafing our offing from Quibo, 
 to fall in with the regular trade-wind : but, to our ex- 
 treme vexation, we were baffled for near a month, fo 
 that it was the 35 th of December before we faw the 
 ifland of Cocos, which, according to ixir reckoning, 
 was only 100 leagues from the continent, and even then 
 wc had the mortification to make lb little way, that we 
 did not lofe fight of that ifland again in five days. 
 This ifland wc found to be in the lat. of 5 dcg. 20 
 min. N. 
 
 Wc had flattered ourfclves, that the uncertain and 
 wcftcrn calcs wc met with were owing to the neigh- 
 bourhood of the continent, from which as wc got more 
 dillant, we hoped to be relieved by falling in with the 
 caftem trade-wind ; but in this too bcingdifappointcd, 
 wc began at length to defpair of the great pu rpolc wc had 
 in view. This produced a generaldcjection among us, as 
 wchad at iirft confidered me projeaas almofl infallible, 
 and had indulged ourfclves inthemoflboundlefs hopes 
 of the advantages we (hould thence receive. However, 
 ourdefpondency was,infbme meafurc.alleviatcd by a fa- 
 vourable change of the wind ; and, as we now advanced 
 a-pace towards our ftation, our hopes began again to re- 
 tive. On the 17th of Januaiy, we were advanced to 
 the latitude of I3deg. 50 min. N. and, on the 36th of 
 January, finding ourfclves to the northward of Aca* 
 puico, we uckedafld flood to the eaflward, with a view 
 of making the land ; and we expedled by our reckon- 
 ings, to have fallen in with it on the sSth, yet, though 
 the weather was perfedly clear, we had no tign of it at 
 fun-fet ; about ten at night we difcovered a light on the 
 larboard bow, bearing from us N. N. £. and, loon after, 
 the Trial's prize made the fignal for feeing a fail. As 
 we had none of us any doubt but that what we faw was 
 a fhip's light, we were all extremely animated with a 
 firm perfuafion that it was the Manilla galleon, that had 
 been fo long the objeA of our wiihcs. We immedi- 
 ately caft off the Cannelo, and prefTed forward with 
 all our canvas, making a fignal for the Gloucciler to do 
 tficiame. Thus wc chafed the light, keeping all our 
 hands at thdr refpedlivequanen, under an expectation 
 irf' engaging within half an hour, as we fometinncs 
 conceived the chace to be about a mile dillanc, 
 •nd at other times to be within reach of our guns. In 
 thisconfbuit and eager attention v. e continued allutight, 
 '. Vo. 43* 
 
 always prcfuming that another quarter of an hoiif^ 
 would bring uH up to this Manilla (hip, whcifc wealth 
 we now efhmatea at round millions! out, when day- 
 light came, wc were moll vexatiouny difnp(Miintcd, by 
 finding that the light which had occaftonal all chii ix- 
 pcdandy, was only a fire on the fliofc. At fun-riling, 
 afrcrthis mortifying dcliifion, we (bund ourfclves about 
 nine leagues off land, extending from the N. W. to U. 
 half N. On this lartd we dbfcrvcd two remarkable 
 hammocks, which bore N. from us, and which a Spa-^ 
 nilh pilot and two Indians afhrlncd to b<; over the har- 
 bour of Acapulcd; butwc fo^rtdthcm cgivt;idiifly mif- 
 takcn, thefc being in I7 deg. j6 rfiin. whereas Acapulco 
 lies in 1 7 deg. only. 
 
 Being now in the trick of the Manilla galleon, it 
 was a doubt with us, as it was near the end of January, 
 whether flie was or was not arrived : but, examining 
 our prifoners about it, they affured Ijij, flic vias fomc- 
 timcs known to come in after the middle of February j 
 and they endeavoured to perfuadc us, that the fire we 
 had feeft on (hore was a proof that (he was yet at lea, it 
 being culloinary, as they faid, to lHakc ufc of thefc fires 
 asfignalsfor hcrdircdion when flic continued out Ion.* 
 gcr than ordinary. On this rcafoning of our prifoners, 
 wc rcfolvcd to cruifc for her fome days, and m e accord- 
 ingly fjprcad our fhips at the dillancc <jf 1 2 leagues 
 from the coaft, in fuch a manner that it was impoifible 
 llie fliould pafs us unobferved; howeVer, not feeing hti" 
 foon, we were very folicitous to gain fome politivc in- 
 tcHigence. With this view the Commodore relblvcd 
 to fend a boat under cover of the night into the har- 
 bour of Acapulco, to fee if the Manilla fliip was there 
 or not. To execute this entcrprize, the barge was dif- 
 patchcd the 6th of February, carrying a fulHcient crew 
 and two officers, as alfo a Spanifh pilot and an Indian. 
 Our barge did not return till the nth, when the ofii- 
 ccrs acquainted Mr. Anfon, that they had miflakcn 
 the harbour, and that Acapulco lay a confidcrablc dif- 
 tance more to thb callward, and that, not having a 
 fufficient quantity of provifions forthcir paifage tiiithcr, 
 they were obliged to return to make known their dif* 
 appointment. On this intelligence w c made fail to the 
 caflward. and the next day wc difpatchcd the barge, 
 with particular inflrudions to keep at a fufficient dif- 
 tance not to be fccn from the fliore. We \M\tchcd fix 
 days w ithout receiving any intelligence, lb that wc be- 
 gan to be uneafv for her fafety; but on ihc 7th 
 day Ihe returned with advice, that, being at the 
 very place they fought for, though they were then ig- 
 norant of their fituation, they furpriled a fifhing ca- 
 noe with three negroes, who told us that the Manilla 
 galleon arrived at Acapulco on the 9th of January, but 
 that, having delivered her cargo, Ihe was taking in 
 water and provifions in order to return ; and that the 
 Viceroy of Mexico had by proclamation fixed her de- 
 parture from Acyjuico to the «4th of March. This 
 fall news was moft joyfully received by us, finee we had 
 no doubt but Ihe mull fall into Our hands j and it was 
 much more eligible to fcize her on her return, than it 
 would have been to have taken her before her arrival, as 
 the money for which fhe had fold her cargo, and which 
 Ihe would new have on board, would be much more 
 cfteemcd by us than the caigo itfelf. Thus wc were a 
 fecond time engaged in an eager expedatiori of meeting 
 with this Manilla fliip, which, by the fame of its 
 wealth, wc had been taught to confider aithemofl de- 
 fireable capture that was to be made on any part of the 
 ocean. /* 
 
 As it was the 19th of February when the batte 
 returned, and brought us our intelligence, and th« km. 
 icon wa^ not to fail tiH the jdof Match,thcCoti)modof« 
 refblved tocontinue the gteatcllpartoftheinteisiediate 
 time in his prefent flation to the weHwardofA^puico 
 in order to avoid a difcovery from (he flioK. Durim 
 this interval we were employed in getting all thimrs * 
 rcadinefs to engagct and, when the loilg-wajjtJ.fi)f 
 3d of March came, we were all fo flrongiy prepol]«fled 
 with the cAtainty of our inteMigchce. and with aft at 
 furance of her coming out of port, that fom^ ot oihvr 
 4 U ' <tf 
 
 
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 I* 
 
 4.1 
 
 1^ 
 
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354 
 
 CoMMODOKi (afterwards Lord) A N 8 O N'i 
 
 Mt- 
 
 
 f 1 
 
 I 
 
 VLi 
 
 of ui were cunftantly imagining that they difcovcrcd | 
 one of our cutters returning witli a (ignali but, to our I 
 extreme vexatioD, both thii day aiKi the Aicceeding 
 night paflcd away without any news of her approach. 
 However, we did not yet dcfpair, nor did we aoate of 
 our vigilance: but, after remaining till the )5th of 
 Marcl^ we at length concluded, and we afterwards 
 found it to be true, that we had been difcovered, and 
 that in confuquencc an embargo had been laid upon the 
 galleon, and her departure pollponed till the next year. 
 The cutters, havmg on that day finifhed their cruife 
 tMfore the harbour, returned to the f<]uadron, and the 
 fignal being given for the fleet to join, it wu deter- 
 mmed to retire to Chequetan, to take in a frelh fupply 
 of water, which was then nearly exhauded. In the 
 mean time, a cutter, commanded by Mr. Hughes, 
 Lieuunant of the Trial's prize, was ordered to continue 
 otf the harbour of Acapulco for 34 days, in order 
 that, if the g^leon ftiould fet fail in that time, we might 
 be fpcedily informed of it. 
 
 Qn the 5th of April we entered the harbour of Che. 
 quetan, in latitude 17 deg. 36 min. N. about 30 leagues 
 to the wcftward of Aotpulco. The watering-place 
 has the appearance of a large Handing lake, without 
 any vifible outlet into the lea, from which it is fepa- 
 rated by a part of the Itrand. The origin of this lake 
 is a fpring that bubbles out of the ground, near half a 
 mile within the country. We found its water a little 
 brackifh, but more confidcrably fo towards the fea- 
 fide; for the nearer we advanced towards the fpring- 
 head, the fofter and freflicr it proved. This laid us 
 under a ncceflity of filling all our caflu from the far- 
 theft part of the lake, which was facilitated by means 
 of canoes which traverfcd the lake, and brought a 
 number of fmall calks to the fide next the beach ; 
 theiKe the water was darted into lai^er veflcis in the 
 boats.andby that contrivance brought onboard with 
 very litde trouble. 
 
 As the country hereabouts, particularly the tn& of 
 coaftcontiguousto Acapulco, appeared to be well peo- 
 pled and cultivated, wc hoped to have cafily procured 
 from thence fomc frefh provifions, and other refreih- 
 ments. which we now flood much in need of. To fa- 
 cilitate thefe views, the Commodore, the morning after 
 we came to an anchor, ordered a party of 40 men well 
 armed to march into the country, and to endeavour to 
 difcovcr fomc town where they were to attempt to fet 
 on foot a correfpondencc with the inhabitants ; for, 
 when we had once begun this intercourfc, we doubted 
 not but by proper prefents wc fhould allure them to 
 bring down to us whatever fruits or frefh provifions 
 were in their power. As our prizes abounded with va- 
 rious forts of coarfe merchandize, which were of little 
 confequence to us, though to them they would be ex- 
 tremely valuable, our people were direded on this oc- 
 cafion to proceed with the greateft circumfpe^Uon, and 
 to make as litde oflentation of hoflility as pofTiblei for 
 we were fenfible we could find no wealth in thofe parts 
 worth our notice; and what flecefTarics we really 
 wanted, we expcdled would be better, and more abun- 
 dantly fupplied, by an open amicable traffic, than by 
 violence and force of arms. But this endeavour of 
 opening a commerce with the inhabiunts proved in- 
 enc<^al, and therefore we defifled from any more at- 
 tempts of the fame nature, contenting ourfelves with 
 what we could procure for ourfelves in the neighbour- 
 hood of the port where we lay. We caught fifb in abun- 
 dance : ainong the refl cavallies, bream, mullets. foaU, 
 iiddle>tifh, and l9bflers : and ve here, and in no other 
 placet' met with that extraordinary fifh called the tor- 
 p<5do,%hich^s in fhape very much refembling the fkU 
 dle-fifh, and is obt^ difliiq^uifhed from it in appearance 
 by a brown circular QfxH of about the bignels of a 
 crtmm-piece, hear the center of iu back, litis iifh is, 
 iticTKd,~of a mofl Tingular nature, benumbing who- 
 ever touches it all over his body, but more paructilarly 
 t|^ limb which happens to come in immediate contaA. 
 with It. The fame effeifl. too, will be in fbme degree 
 produced by touching the iifh with any thing held in 
 2 
 
 the hand 1 and it has lately been difcovered, that it nuy 
 be communicated like the eie^ical ihock 10 a iaige 
 circle, by means of a certain apparatus ^ch mora 
 limple than that which is ufcd in cxperuncnta in elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 The animals which we met withonlhore werechieflv 
 guanoes, with which the country abounds, and which 
 are by fomc reckoned delicious food. We faw no 
 beaft* of prey, except wc fhould cfleem that amphibi. 
 ous creature the alligator as fuch, fevenl of which our 
 
 nie difcovcrcd, but none of them very large. It 
 . Dwever, certain, that there were sreat numbers of 
 tygers in the woods, though none of them happened 
 to nuke their appciirance while we rctiuiined upon the 
 coafl. Parrots and pheafants were found in plentv, but 
 by no means proper for food, being dry and uflelefs, 
 though they were often killed and eaten, being by fome 
 tKoiu[ht preferable to fait provifions. 
 
 The papah, lime, and a litde four plumb, were all 
 the fruiu the woods furnifhed, and of thefe there were 
 but a fcanty portion 1 nor wu there any other ufeful ve- 
 getable, except brook-lime, which, being eflcemed an 
 antifcorbutic, was frequently eaten, though from iu 
 bittcrnefs it was exceedingly unpalauble. 
 
 While we lay at Chequetan, it was refolved, afler 
 mature deliberation, to deflroy all our prizes, as the 
 whole number of men on board our fquadron did not 
 amount to the complement of a fourth-rate man-of- 
 war. It was therefore judged mofl prudent to fet fire 
 to the fhips, and to divide the men between the Cen- 
 turion and Gloucefler, now preparing to fet fail for 
 China. Befides the necefTary repairs for a voyage of 
 fuch length, the removal of their flores and cargoes 
 into the men-of-war took up fo much time, that it waa 
 the end of April before wc were in a condition to leave 
 the place. 
 
 It fhould have been remarked, that, from this har- 
 bour of Chequetan we difcovered but one pathway 
 through the woods into the country 1 and as this was 
 much beaten, wc were from that circumflance con- 
 vinced, that it was not unfrequented by the natives. 
 Aa it pafTed by the fpring-head, and wu the only ave- 
 nue by which the Spaniards could approach to fur- 
 prize us, we at fomc diflancc bevond the fpring-head 
 felled feveral large trees, and laid them one upon ano- 
 ther acrofs the path, and at this barricadoe we con- 
 flantly kept a guard. We, hefides, ordered our men 
 employed in watering, to have their arms always in 
 readinefs, in cafeof an alarm, and to march infbmtly to 
 this poll. And, though our principal intention herein 
 wu to prevent our being diflurtied by the enemy's 
 horfe, yet it anfwered another purpofe, which wu, to 
 hinder our people from Uraeglmg fingly into the coun* 
 try, where we had rcafon to Delieve they would be fur- 
 prized by the Spaniards, who would doubtlefs be very 
 folicitous to pick up fome of them, in hopes of getting 
 inulligcnce of our future defigns. To avoid tnis in- 
 convenience, the flridefl orders were given to the cen- 
 tinels, to let no pcrlbn whatever pafs Myond this pofl ; 
 but, notwithflanding this precaution, we mifled one 
 Lewis Lwere, who wu the Commddore*k cook. As 
 he was a Frenchman and a Roman Catholic, it wu at 
 iirfl imasined thatiie had deferred with a view of be- 
 trayine all that he knew to the enemy ; though this ap- 
 peared, by the event, to be an ill-grounded furmife: for 
 It wu afterwards known, that he had been uken by 
 fome Indians, who carried him prifoner to Acapulco* 
 from whence he wu tranfportcd to Mexico, and thence 
 to Vera Cruz, where he wu fhif^wd on board a vefTel 
 bound to Old Spain. But, the veflel being obliged, 
 by fome accident, to put into Lifbon, Legere efcaped 
 on fhore, and wu by the Britifh Conful fent from thence 
 to England; where he gave the firfl authentic account 
 of theiafcty of the Commodore, and of his principal 
 tranfiiaions in the South Scu. 
 
 The rebtion he gave of hit own feiture. wam that he 
 rambled into the woods, at fbmediftanee from the bar- 
 ricadoe where he had firfl atteimted to pafs, but had' 
 been ftopt and thrcatmed to be punifliedt that his 
 
 principal 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 35? 
 
 tma/ 
 laige 
 more 
 elec« 
 
 hirfly 
 vhich 
 w no 
 hJbi. 
 Iiour 
 It 
 n of 
 ned 
 the 
 v.bui 
 felert, 
 fome 
 
 aU 
 were 
 111 ve> 
 led an 
 Mil ita 
 
 principal view wa* to gather a quantity of limci for hii 
 inaftcr'i ftoraa i Mid that in (hi* occupation he wai fur. 
 priiod unawaiea by fcur Indiam, whoftript him nakcU, 
 and carried him in that condition to Acapulco, ci- 
 pofed tothe icofckiHg heat of the fun. which at that 
 time of the yetr (bone with ita greateft violence i thai 
 afterwaida, at Mexico, hit treatment wa< fufficiently 
 ftverei lb that the whole courfe of hit captivity was a 
 continued inftanoe of the hatred which the Spaniardi 
 beiur to all chofe who endeavour to diflurb them in the 
 peaceable peflMTMM of the coafti of the South Seu. 
 Indeed, Legere't fortune wu,UDon the whole, extremely 
 fingulari as, after the hasardi ne had run in the Com- 
 modore'* fquadron, and the fevcritiei he had fuffcrcd 
 in hit loig confinement among the enemy, a more fa- 
 tal difafter attended himonhii return to England t for 
 though, when he arrived in London, fome of Mr. An- 
 fon's fricdt intcredcd thcmfclvci in relieving him 
 from the yoverty to which hii captivity had reduced 
 him, yet he did not lungenioy the benefit of their hu- 
 nunity, fince he wu killed in an infiKniikant night- 
 brawl, thecaufeof which could fcarcciy ever be dif- 
 cevered. 
 
 When we were neceflitated to proceed to Cheaueun 
 to recruit our water, the CoiDmodorc confidcred that 
 tnir arrival in that harbour would foon be known at 
 AoqNiicoi and therefore he hoped, that on the inteU 
 liotnceofour being employed in that port, the nllcon 
 might put to fea, efpecially ai Chequctan it To very 
 remelte from the courfe generally fteercd by the gal- 
 leona : he therefore ordered the cutter, at hat already 
 been noticed, to cruife 34 dayt off the port of Aca- 
 pulco, and her commander was direded, on iKrcciving 
 the galleon under litil, to make the \xl\ of his way to 
 the Commodore at Chequctan. Ai the Ceniurion wat 
 certainly a much better failer than the galleon, Mr. 
 AnfiNii m thit cafe, refolved to have got to fea at foon 
 at pcrfGble, and to have purfucd the galleon acrofi the 
 Fkcific Oceani however, the Viceroy of Mexico ruined 
 thit proje«^ by detaining the galleon in port all the 
 year. 
 
 Towaidtthe latter end of April, all thing* being in 
 readinelt for failing, the Centurion and Gloucrller 
 weighed anchor i and, after having gained an ofling, 
 the prixct were fet on (ire, and a canoe fixed 10 a <,^r.i^>- 
 plein the middle of the harbour, with a boitlj in it, 
 well corked, inctoling a letter to Mr. Hught s dia\ tin!.> 
 him to go back immediately to hit former iKiuvn m- 
 fore Acapulco. where he would find Mr. Anfou, wIk) 
 refolved to cruife for him in that Ration fome days. 
 Indeed, it wu no fmall mortificatioa to us, now we 
 were at (ea, and the llormy feafon approaching, that we 
 were detained by the abfencc of the cutter, and under 
 a necelFity of ftanding towardt Acapulco in ftarch of 
 her. At the time of licr cruize had been expired near 
 a formight, we fufpedled that (he had been difcovercd 
 from the fliorc, ano that the Governor of Acapulco had 
 thereupon fent out a force to feize her; which, as fhe 
 carriea but fix hands, was no very difficult enterprizc. 
 However, thit being only conjcdure, the Commodore, 
 aa foon at he was got clear of die harbour of Chequctan, 
 ftood along the coall to the eaftward in fcarch of her ; 
 and, to prevent her from pafTing byujs in the dark, we 
 brought-to every night, and carried lights which the 
 cutter could not but perceive. 
 
 By the and of May we were advanced within three 
 leagues of Acapulco t and having feen nothing of our 
 boat, we gave her over for loft ; which, belides the 
 companionate concern for our (hipmates, and for what 
 it was apprehended the^ might have fuffered, wat in 
 itfelf a nusfortune, which in our prefent fcarcity of 
 handt we were greatly intercfted in s iincc the crew 
 of die cuuer were, the flower of our people, .purpo(c« 
 ly picked out for thit fervice, at known to be, every 
 one of them, of tried and approved refolution, and at 
 flcilful (eamcn as ever trod a deck. However, as it 
 was the general belief among ut that they were uken 
 and carried into Acapulco, the Commodore't prudence 
 fuggefted a pn^edt which ve hoped wgula recover 
 
 them. Thit wat (ijundcd on our htvinfr marty Spanifli 
 and Indian prilbncrt on board, fome of tncm of Quality. 
 The Commodore, therefore, wrote a letter to tne Cio- 
 vernor of Acapulco, telling him, that he would rckafi: 
 them all. provided ihc Ciuvcrhor returned the cutter'i 
 crew, rliii letter was difpatchcd by a Spanifh olficeir, 
 of whofc hohiHir we had a nigh opinion, and who waa 
 furnillied with a launch belonging to one of our prizet, 
 and a crew of Spaniards, wno gave their parole for 
 their return. The Spanilh officer, too, belides the ConU 
 modore'i letter, carried with him a joint petition, ligncd 
 by all the red of the prifonert, befeeching the Governor 
 to acquiefce in the terms propofed for their liberty. . 
 But while we were thus contrivins their releafe, the 
 centinel called out from the mad-nead. that he faw * 
 boat under fail at a confidcrahlc diftance to the fouth.' 
 eailward, which, to our unfpenkable joy, upon her 
 ncatrr approach, we fouhd was our own cutter, the 
 wan ana meagre countenances of whofe crew, thtf 
 length of their beards, and the feeble and hollow tone 
 of their voices, convinced us that they had futfered 
 mu^h greater hardlhips than could be cxpeiflcd from 
 even the feverities of a Spanifh prifon. The^ were 
 obliged to be helped into the fhip, and were imme<* 
 diately put to bed; where, by reft, and nourilhing diet, 
 with which they were plentifully fupplied from the 
 Commodore's table, they recovered their health and 
 vigour. And now we learnt that they had kept the 
 fea the whole time of their abfencc, which w.is above 
 fix wtxkst that, when they had finiihed their cruife, 
 and had Jiift begun to ply to the weftward, in order to 
 join the fquadron, a ftrong adverfc current had forced 
 them upwards of 80 leagues to leeward, where they 
 found every where fo great a furf, that there was no 
 poirihitity of landing ; that they palTed fome days in 
 the moft dreadful lituation, without water, having no 
 other means left them to aliav their thirft than fucking 
 the blood of rhc turtles which they caught ; that at laft, 
 giving up all hopes of fuccour, the heat of the climate 
 too augmenting their necedities, and rendering theif 
 fuffcrings infupportable, they abandoned thcmfclvet to 
 defpair, fully perfuaded that they fhould penih by the 
 moft terrible of all deaths ; but that foon after a molt 
 unexpeded incident happily relieved them 1 for there 
 fell lb heavy a rain, that, on fpreading their (ailt 
 horizontally, and putting bullets in the centers of 
 them, they caught as much water as tilled their cafitsi 
 chat immediately upon thit fortunate fupply^ they 
 l^ood to the weftward in qucft of the Commodoret 
 a.id being now luckily favoured by a ftrong current, 
 rhcy joined him in leH than 50 hourt from that 
 time, after having becnabfent in the whole full 43 
 days. 
 
 And now having, to our entire fatisfadion, got on 
 board our people, and the feafon of the year for (ailing 
 to Alia being tiir ^we found it too far) advanced, the 
 Commodore refolved not to wait for any return front 
 Acapulco, but gave ordert to equip two large prize 
 launchet, to carry on (hore the Spanilh and Indian 
 prifoners, both from ourfclvcs and the Glouccfter; and, 
 having given them provifiont and all necclTaries for 
 Panama, whither they intended to fail, about four in 
 the evening they left ut. to the number of about 60 
 perfoni, having firft, though enemies, obfcrved the 
 cuftom of feafaring people at parting, and wilhad ua a 
 prafperous voyage. 
 
 From the 6th of May., the day we took our depar-^ 
 ture, we met with litde rctmurkable for above a tytoncb, 
 except that the true trade.iwind, which it faid neverto 
 fail at about 60 or 70 Icaguet from the (hore of Mexico 
 at the farthcft, wat fo far from anfwcring our expedhM- 
 tions, that we had nothiae bue oit)fs #inds, (qoalltk 
 rain, thunder, and lighaniiik till .by accouiK we were 
 600 leagues to the weftwaroffAcapulcOr having l^eM 
 above 40 dayt in^gcttinaifo far!.- v.The 9th, wc' found 
 the forcroaft iprui^ in a wmgeiooc inanner, and thcit- 
 upon fifhed and fccured it very ftrongly. 
 
 The 32nd, in the evening, we fprung » leak, jmhiog 
 I a inches water in a watc£» and on » fearch Aundrit 
 
 I 
 
 I * 
 
 '•li 
 
 1.1 
 
 I 
 
 I'i 
 
 i 
 
3J6 
 
 Com modor b (urterwurds Lord) ANSON'i 
 
 
 i 
 
 lobe on the larboard Ade, abml) the main hntch-way, 
 and ntx quite under water. The tar|>enter» Awn llopt 
 it with very little troublct 
 
 Tht I iih of June, we found a current to fet to the 
 filuthward, alvxit 14 miles a day, (uit cmild not dif- 
 cover whethrr to th« eaft or »e(!, lor w.inf ofoppor- 
 tunity to try it. lliii wai by acco<int about 450 
 league* from Acapiilro 1 and, much about thi« time, 
 abundance of fcorbutic fymptomi, fuch »^ blacknef* in 
 the (Itln, hard nodes in the Hc(h, (hortncfi of breath, 
 and a general Udltude and weakncfi of all the parti, 
 bef^n to prevail, almoft univerfally, among our people. 
 Tnii with the great mortality we experienced from thii 
 diftempcr in our Cape Horn paflagr, and the time we 
 niightltillexpcclto be at fca, havinfr yet r8oo loacuci 
 to thofe iflandi called, by Sir Francit Dr:ike, the La- 
 dranei, or Illands of Thieves, from the thievilb difpo- 
 fition of the inhabitaius, but by the Spaniards the 
 Marian 'llands, where only we could cxpciit our next 
 refrelhments 1 and no trade>wind being yet fettled 1 
 thcfc con<idcrations, I fay, gave us dreadful apprehen- 
 Hons of what this paflage might terminate mi and 
 the event (hewed that we had but too much reafon for 
 them. 
 
 The 14th, at five b the evening, the Gloucefter, 
 having fprung the head of her main-malV, 11 feet be- 
 low the truUeUtrees, fired a gun as a fignal of dillrefs 1 
 on which we brought to, and waited tor hen and, after 
 enquiring into, and hearing the caufc, we fcnt them on 
 board two carpenters to allilt in Hlhing and fccuring 
 it; but the carpenters in concert, having viewed and 
 confidered the damage, reported, the next day, that the 
 mad was unfit to (tand, and would not bear repir- 
 ingi but that it mud be Ihortened 26 feet from the 
 head, and the top.mad be fct on the ihimp. 'I'his, 
 therefore, was concluded on, and ordered accordingly. 
 ' The 13rd, we found our own main.top-niall fprung 
 in the wake of the cape 1 whereupon, we reefed it ao 
 inches, that is, we lowered it Co much, and fccured 
 it there, and fleeted and fet up the fhrouds and back- 
 ftaj^. 
 
 The 34th, in the evening, we got the top-mad down, 
 and put up another in its pl.ice, and a man falling 
 overboard, we brought the (nip to, and took him up 
 fafe : likenife, the (Tings of our crofs-jack-yanls being 
 broke, we fixed new ones, and the next day got up the 
 fore-top.gallant-niad and yard. 
 
 I'he 27th, wc made the Gloucefter flgnal and fcnt 
 our boat on board of her. 
 
 The a 8th, we received from the Gloucefter half an 
 anchor-Hock, for a farther frcurity to the forc.mall. 
 
 The 39th, the GloucelU-r (intfhcd her jurymaft, 
 and made fail on it. Nothing farther remarkable till 
 July I (^ we had frc(h gales, and cloudy weather, w ith 
 fume lightning. 
 
 The snd, we unbent the fore-fail, and bent another. 
 We had, not only now, but for almol\ our whole paiTage, 
 abundance of birds of prey, alfo liying lilb, which are 
 thi-ir proper tbod, and vail quantities of (kip-jacks, 
 albicorcs, &c. whereof we took a great number, which 
 contributed much to our refrelhment after the lofs of 
 the tortoifes, that generally leave all (hips about 30 or 
 30 leagues off the land. 1 think this the more worthy 
 of notice, bccaufc Dampier, Rogers, Cook, Cowley, and 
 moft other voyagen, fome of whom have been not only 
 once, but fcveral times on this voyage, have reporud, 
 that they never faw a fi(b or fowl in this whole run. 
 Formy part, Ireadily believeand conclude, that this dif^ 
 &rence in our obfervations and accounts is really occa- 
 fioned by theditferentfcafonsoftheyearin which wehsp- 
 pened to perform this paflage t it being a known trutr, 
 and confirmed foy the experience of thoufands in allages, 
 ihat molt fi(h have their diffeflttot feafons for their dif • 
 icrent rcndezvouTca. < ''-^ V 
 
 The loth, we fkw thf«e gaiuiets, or, as they call them 
 jp Scotland, (bland gcefcsDeti;^, by what 1 can learn 
 from the mod intellWnt of diat nation whom I have 
 convcrfed with, and who often have opportunity to 
 Obfcrve them in feveral diflleitnt parts, of one and the 
 4 
 
 fame fpeclcs 1 we likewife faw fome ft* weeds 1 hMh 
 which circumnantci made us imacintthat fome iflandi 
 or (hoals were not ht off, thofe fowit never being ob« 
 fervcd to fly very far out to fea. 
 
 The iith, we unbent the fore-top-fail, and bent 
 another. 
 
 The I ath, at noon, we were, by my account, 1 lo 
 deg. II min. to the wellward of the meridian of Lon« 
 don, which is iuft 1 1 min. ntorc than half rmind the 
 globe, for which reafon I note it. Wc were at this time, 
 by my account, 1419 league* diltant from the port of 
 Acapulco. 
 
 From this time till the 16th, we had fre(h gales, with 
 fqualls and rain. 
 
 The 17th and ilth, we had moderate and doudjr 
 weather. 
 
 I'he lath and 30ih, frelh galea, with abundance of 
 rain. We mtde this obfervatlon, that, with rainy 
 weather, or even flight tranflent fhoweri, the nrhhit 
 more freely, and were caught in greater numberi, (han 
 with fair weather 1 which made our Aflwrmen the more 
 attentive at fuch times, ^t was likewife remarked, that 
 the Glouccflcr, when they could find opportunity tu 
 fifh, had always much greater fuccrfs than we 1 whether 
 their fifliermen had more art than ours, or whatever 
 elfe occalioned it, the fad is true. They had alfo a 
 better way of difpoltng of them, when taken, if 1 mav 
 be allowed to judge, than we 1 for Captain Mitchell 
 conflantly ordered fevcral boys, who were very dexter* 
 ous at it, to catch filli for the (hip's company, cfpecU 
 ally thelicki and thofe were very juflly and regularly 
 divided among them: whereas our filherracn were left 
 at liberty to make their advantage of what they took, 
 and to prey upon their fuffering fliipmates 1 and the/ 
 took care not to ovcrflip the opportunity, for the leaft 
 fi(h you could purchafe of them would cofl you a bot- 
 tle of brandy t which, at this time, was worth four, or 
 perhaps, fix and fomctimes even eight (hillings, or half 
 a guinea; and you mud be very thankful, and acknow- 
 ledge yourfelf to be highly obliged into the bargain, or 
 I'lfL' cxucil none next time, and very often fail of it 
 notw itnrtanding. About this time our people began to 
 die very fait, and, I believe, above five parts out of fix 
 of the (hip's comjMny were ill, and expeaed to follow 
 in a (hort time. Thofe, whofe breath wu any ways 
 affected, dropt off immediately 1 but thofe, who were 
 attacked fiid in the more remote parts of the body, 
 languidied generally a month or fix weeks t the dif- 
 tcinper advancing, in the mean time, towards the lungs, 
 by a very regular and fcnfibic approach. As I was my> 
 felf one of thole who were feverely afflidled in this latter 
 manner, I (hall give fuch an account of its progrefs, as 
 1 found by experience in myfelf, and corroborated by 
 the fimilar report of my fcllow.fulferers. I was (ir(t 
 taken, about the beginning of this month, with a flight 
 pain on the joint ofmy left great toe; but, having hurt that 
 a little while before, I imagined it to be the eifedt of 
 that hurt, and minded it the lefs — (but here I (hall ob- 
 ferve, once for all, that if ever any part of the body had 
 received a bruil'e, flrain, or contulion, if not perfectly 
 cured, the fcurvy was fure to attack that part fir(l;) but, 
 in a little time, a large black fpot api)earing on the 
 part aflfcded, with very intenfe pains at the bone, gave 
 mc to umterfland my cafe. 1 now took phylic often, 
 by way of prevention, but to little purpofi: : Ccveral 
 hard nodes now began to rife in my legs, thighs, and 
 arms, and not only many more black fpots appeared 
 in the fkin, but thofe fpread, till my legs and thighs 
 were for the mod |)art as black as a ncgroe 1 and this 
 accompanied with fuch cxccfiive pains in theioints of 
 the knees, ancles, and toes, as 1 thouglit, before I 
 experienced them, that human nature could never have 
 fupported. Itticxt advanced to the mouth; all my 
 teeth were prefently loofe, and my gums, over-charged 
 with extravafated blood, fell down almolt quite over 
 my teeth: this occalioned my breath to fmcU much, 
 yet without a(fe£fcing my lungs i but, I believe, one 
 week more at fea would have endf:d me; and lefs tnan 
 a month more, alj the reft. One thing was very re- 
 markable 
 
V O y A (i K ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 .157 
 
 bene 
 
 , with 
 
 took. 
 
 or 
 
 nurkablf, and likw-wifi: univcrfiil, whirh wai, that, 
 when ihc iliftcin|ier hail liir prcvitilnl, if the atllit'tai 
 pcrfon lay quirt in hit hantimKk, he fcemed to he 
 perledtiv well aiui heartV i btic, if he wai removed 
 out of It. on tny neceliitx, ^' immedi.itely fliintrd 
 •way I ami thia wm alwayi a furc lign of the party'* 
 diflblution. 
 
 Since our pcfTing Cape Horn, our fuftfeon, Menry 
 Ettrick. who wa« a very good prachcul furgron, had 
 been verv bufy in dif^elting a theory ot fcurviei, 
 wherein ne enumerated many cafei very particularly, 
 having been allowed to open and examine ai many 
 bodie« ai were abundantly fufficicnt for that purpofe. 
 Hi* fyltem wai principally grounded on the ohfcrva- 
 I'tom made on a long palragc in a very culd climate. 
 No took abundance ot paint to prove, by maily in- 
 ftancci, that the tone of the hlooa wat broken by the 
 cold nipping air, and rendered fo thin, aa to be unfit 
 for circulation, or any other of the ufes of lifei and 
 being thiit deprived of a proper force and vigour, OaK- 
 nation and death mul) neceiTarily enfue. Fmm this 
 fuppolttion, he had laid it down at an infallible rule, 
 that food of a glutinous nature, fuch as fait fiOi, bread, 
 and fcverai forti of grain, where alone proper on fuch 
 voyages. A* for liquids, I know not which he had 
 pitched on, at the inoft falutary, on this occafton. But 
 thit paflagc, in a very hot climate, where the fymptoms 
 were n<»t only more dreadful, but the mortality much 
 more quirk and fatal, in proportion to the number of 
 people, put our fchcming do<5tor to a fad non-plut: 
 ne could not account for thit on the fame principles 
 with the other; nay,thev muO he, in a manner, diame- 
 trically oppofite. All this obliged him at i.il> (though 
 he wat ftill endeavouring to reconcile contradidions), 
 to own, that, though fome of the concurrent caufes of 
 this difeafe were |>Iain enough, yet the grand caufe wu 
 ceruinly the long continuance at fea^ or an entire 
 fccreti and that no cure but the ihore would ever 
 be effeduai. The Commodore, on this grtnt mor- 
 tality, having by him a quantity of Ward s pills and 
 drops, in order to experience whether they would be of 
 any ufc, fird tried them on himfelf, and thengave what 
 he had left to the furgeon, to adminifter to fuch of the 
 fick people as were willing to take them. The fui]genn 
 would not retothmend them to any pcrfon, but feveral 
 took thenii though I know of none who bclicvei) they 
 were of any ferVice to them. They worked moft 
 people who took them very violently, both by vomit 
 and ftool : after which, as (cveral told me, they would 
 feem to be a little cafier, though weaker, for perhaps 
 a day or two, but then they always relapfed, and be- 
 came worfe than before t and this; together with the 
 inefficacy of all that our furgeons could do in the cafe 
 nifficiently (hewed the vanity of attempting the cure of 
 this dillcmper at fea. 
 
 And here, before I quit this fubjedl, I (hall endeavour 
 to remove a prejudice, under which the afHidled have 
 long fcvercly ruttered j and that is, from the liotion 
 generally prevalent, that none but the lazy are attacked 
 with this diforder ; whereas, the diredt contrary is the 
 truth t our experience having abundantly (hewn, that 
 the mo(t laborious, adive, (lirring pcrfons were ofteneft 
 feizcd with this difeafe t and the continuiition of their 
 labour, inflead of curing, only helped to kill them the 
 Tooner. 
 
 Many undeniable inftances might be ^iven of this 
 in our voyage { and, if future voyagers will give them- 
 lelves the trouble of obrervins this hereafter, I am cer- 
 tain that the event will correTpond with mv ttlTertiOn t 
 tior does this diftemper, in a general way, incline peo- 
 ble to indolence, tilt it ia come to that heighti that, at 
 tne leaft motion, the perfoti is ready to fiiint. It is cer- 
 tain, that, if the perfon afRi^cd dcfires to lengthen out 
 his life u long u he cati, hii bed way is to llir as 
 littlie u potTible. This I have feen verified by many 
 inRaitces. 
 
 The 33rd and 44th, we reefed and repaired our 
 rigging, which had fuflered much in the variable 
 weather. 
 
 No. 43. 
 
 
 The i6fh, hrinn, arcording to OUT reckoning, iflo 
 leagues from the LadnineS, we met with a *fllirl)r 
 wimi, which did not come almui again in lnur il.ivi. 
 This wat a tnort difpiritirtg inciilrni, at wc were all that 
 while forcn^tb lie to, the currcilt Infcnilbly driving us 
 out of our courfe. 
 
 The 17th, our gunner, Menry Klpnt, died of the 
 fcurVey, being one of the moil able-b<K)icd men, at well 
 at the moft aiftive in the (hip : ht h«d taken Ward's 
 medicinet once or twice. 
 
 On the ilth, we had calmt with much raih, ilnd re« 
 ocived from the Gloucefter 20 calVt of Hour, and fuui* 
 of groats. Having here an occafton of mentioning 
 flour, it III "- rtot be amift to take mitice, that, lince our 
 departure iroffi Juan Fernand«, the principl orticcrs 
 hid alwayi foft brti^l new baked, the bifcuit being fd 
 much worm eaten. It WH fcai c any thing but duft, and 
 a little blow WMild r«iuct it .0 that ftaTe immediate- 
 ly. <^>ur brtf jrtij jKJfk were lik«wifc very rufty a(MI 
 rotten, i)d the furijirr^ri rndravourcd to perfuade u« 
 from catiitf4 if, allc(%ing it mih, though a flow, yet * 
 fiire poifom but vrry little othcf mod being to btt 
 had, we were redii fd to a very deplorable condition. 
 
 1'h^ 19th, ih the morning, the Glouceltcr's fbre-i art 
 fplitting, her fore-top^maft rame by the board, and| 
 in its fail, meeting with the fore yard, brrike it in ihd 
 flings. As (he was hereby irndered incapable of 
 making any fail for fohie time, we were undei- A liecef- 
 ftty, as foon al a gale fprunv up, to take her in tow^ 
 and near 10 of the healthieffand ableft of our feamen 
 were removed from the duty of our own (hip, and were 
 continued cieht or ten days together to alllft in re- 
 pairing her dam.iges 1 but thcfe things; mortifying aS 
 we thought thcmi were only the commencement ofour 
 misfortunes 1 for, fcarce had our people lini(hed their 
 buiinefs in the CilOuccftcr before we met with a mo(l 
 violertt ftorm from the weftern boatd, which obliged 
 us to lie to. This ftorm laltcd from the lOth to the ijth 
 of Augufti attended with rain, thunder, and lightningi 
 and fuch a lofty and dangerous fea, as I have feldom 
 feen, and could not have believed in latitudes between 
 the Tropics) efpecially for Alch a long duration. Moft 
 of the time we lay to, we droVe td the nol-thward 1 
 abundance of our people died daily 1 and, the (hip 
 proving very leakyj every perfon who could ftir, the 
 princi|)al officers not excepted, was obliged to takii 
 his turn at the pumps, irttl all little enough to keep 
 us above water. 
 
 The 13th of Auguft, at tifn iii the hidrrtiiiji, the 
 Gloucefter made a fignal of diflrefs, and, being to wind- 
 ward, bore down towards ut| but we obferved ftie w»i 
 long in Wearing, rolled very much, and tnade bad 
 ftecrage. About half an hoUr after noon they fpoke 
 with us, and told us thit they were fo leaky that they 
 muft quit their (hip; that they had feven feet water 
 in the hold ; and that all the men they had capable 
 of ftirring Were quite exhaufted with piimping, and 
 could work no longen This wis an additional mif- 
 fortune, and feemedto be Without refource : for, whilll 
 the Gloucefter's crew were thus enfeebled, our own 
 fick were now fo much increafed, and thofb who ftjii 
 renuined in health fo ovcrfatigusid with labour^ that ic 
 was impolnble for us to lend them any aid : dll, there^ 
 fore, that could be done was to fend our b<Mt on biiard 
 for a more particular account of the fliip's condition 1 
 as it wa fodn fufpeifted, that the taking her people on 
 board us, and then deftrdying the Gloucefter, was the 
 only meafure that could be profecuted in the prefent 
 emergency both for the prefervatioh of their lives aiid 
 of our own. 
 
 Our boat (bbn returned with a reprefentatibn 6hM 
 melancholy ftate of the Gloucefter. and of her feveral 
 defedb, (igned by Captain Mitchell ami all his ofiiceni 
 by which it appeared, that the (hip was decayed iii 
 eveiy part ; that her crew was grt»t^y reduced ; that 
 there renuined alive no more than 77 men, oflicer* 
 included, i S boys, and two prifoners t tlutt of the whole: 
 number, only 16 men and 11 bt^s were capable of 
 keeping the deck, and fevenl of thiae very infirm 1 that 
 4 X ^ ^ the 
 
 h 
 
 ■■n 
 
 ;i 
 
 • *i 
 
 Jill 
 
35« 
 
 CoMMODOKE, (afterwards Lord) A N S, O N's 
 
 iti''^ ri 
 
 P 
 
 the water was fo deep in the hold, that thofc who were 
 yet alive were ftarving,and could neither come at frclh 
 water nor provilions. 
 
 From this reprefcntation, which wai in no one in- 
 (lancc exaggerated, the Commodore fent immediately 
 an order to Captain Mitchell, to bring his people 6n 
 board the Centurion, and to take out fuch ftoret as 
 could mod eafily be come at, among which he was veiy 
 dclirous of- faving two cables, and a ilecl-anchort but 
 the (hip rolled fo much, and the men were To cxcelAvely 
 fatigued, that it was with the greateft difficulty the 
 prize-money was fecured (the prize-goods amounting 
 to many thoufand pounds being abandoned) : nor could 
 any more proviiions be got at, than five calks of flour 
 (three of which were fpoiled by the falt-water). a fmall 
 Quantity of brandy, and fonie living ftock. Even this 
 little buiinels was fo languilhingly performed, that two 
 days were wafted in the execution, during which time 
 three or four of the fick periflicd on being moved. 
 
 As the weather was now calm, and we were uncertain 
 how far diftant we might be from Guam, a fettlement 
 injpoflcflion of the enemy, to whom the wreck of fuch 
 a (hip with guns and ammunition on board would have 
 been a very valuable acquifition, the Commodore judg- 
 ed the moll effedual way to prevent her from falling 
 into their hands was to fet heron fire: and accordingly, 
 asfoonas the Captain and hisOfiicershad quitted her, the 
 combudibles placed for that purpofe were lighted, and 
 (he continued burning tht whole night, ana at fix the 
 next morning (he blew up. Thus periflied his Ma> 
 jefty's (hip theGloucefter; and now, it might have been 
 cxpet^ed, that, being freed from the embarrafTment in 
 which her frequent difafters had involved us, we (hould 
 have proceeded on our way much brilker than we had 
 hith'jrto done. However, we were foon taught, that 
 our troubles were not yet to be relieved. 
 
 Wewereat this time in the utmoU didrefs; the (hip 
 confidbrablylumbcred with prize-goods, and the little 
 room we had left thronged with the fick, whofc numbers 
 were now very much increafed by thofc from the Glou- 
 cefier; the dirt, naufeoufnefs, and fiench, almoft every 
 where intolerable ; more people daily difabted with the 
 difeafe; no fign of land, nor but very little wind, and that 
 not fair but variable ; very bad provilions and water, 
 and the (hip very leaky; and, though wc di(covered the 
 leak to be in her bows on each fide the fiern, it 1^ in 
 fuch a manner that we could not (lop it, nay the attempt- 
 ing to do it rather made it worfe. In this diftrefs wc 
 made the bed of every 4ittle fpurt of wind. 
 
 Nothing farther remarkable happened till Sunday 
 the 22d,when, about eight in the evening, we difco- 
 vered two ifiands, one bearing W, half S. and the 
 other S. W. by W. at the diAancc of about lo leagues. 
 We were overjoyed at this fight, and fiood toward 
 them with all our fail; but, there being little wind, 
 we did not get near them till the next' day about 
 noon, when being about three miles off the larged and 
 moft promifing of them, which appeared very hilly and 
 full of trees, we fent on fhore one of our Lieutenants 
 in the cutter to make difcoveries, who returned at nine 
 in the eveninoi and gave us but a very indifferent ac- 
 count of the land. The trees were mofily cocoa-nnt- 
 trecs, of which there were prodigious quantities (about 
 60 cocoa-nuts they brought on board with them); but 
 they could find no water, nor any good place to anchor 
 in : on this account it was thought fit to (land further 
 to the fouthward, for fome more proper place. This 
 was a fevere difappointment to moil of the fick, who. 
 on the (Ight of land, (on hearing that we were fo near it) 
 had begun fenfibly to revive: but as perfons in fuch cir- 
 cumfiances are foon driven to defpond when an aid they 
 had depended upon deferts themi, fo this difappoint- 
 ment marred our hopes, and increafed our dejedion. 
 We feared, that, if we met with more iflands in the 
 fame run, they might be either as bod, worle, or inha- 
 bited by our enemies the Spaniards, who, in our weak 
 condition, might eafily be able to hinder us from proper 
 refreihments: add to this, how near many of us were to 
 death, and how little we could expcd to liirvive while in 
 4 
 
 
 fcarch of other ill^nds. I knowi^ot whether thc(e were 
 the general thoughts of the Tick, but I mufi own d^y 
 were mine, and made our (ituation »,t that tinu: appear 
 infinitely worfe to me than at any other in the whole 
 courfe of our vwage. I was indeed very ijl, and my 
 illnefs might polfiblv occafion every thing to appear in 
 its word light, yet I never was one of thofe who were 
 frightened at the apprehenfion, or even the vifiblc ap- 
 proach of death ; it had no unreafbnable terrors in any 
 of its prolpedls to me; and I always could, and I hope 
 always (hall be ready to meet it with calmnefij and per. 
 k& reflation : but I believe the hcalthied and doute(i 
 at that ume had probably the greated appiehenfinns| 
 and I have fince heard it From many of thofe, that they 
 expeded all to have periflied, had we been (o little as 
 three weeks longer at fea; and I much qucdion whe- 
 ther they were not right in that imagination. , 
 
 On the aith, at five in the morning, we faw, three 
 qthcr iflands, bearing from S. E. by ^ to N. £. tlio 
 middlemod of the three, which was the larged, due E. 
 
 The 37th, at three in the adcrnoon, being got pretty 
 near the (hore of the middlemod ifland, we fent our 
 cutter and pinnace in (liore for difcovery. At four tha 
 pinnacccame off,and brought with her an Indian paroo, 
 with a Spaniard and four Indians, whom they took in 
 her. They likcwife told us, that they had in-(horc a 
 fmall bark of about 16 tons, and between 20 and 30 
 more people on the ifland, all of whom had been fent 
 there from Guam to kill cattle and hogs, and make 
 jerked beef, and cocoa-nut-oil, &c. for the Spanidi 
 garrilon there; and that there are condantly people fent 
 on that account, who, after fome months ixay at that 
 place, are relieved by fre(h parties for the fame purpofe. 
 We fecured both bark and paroo, together with all the 
 Indians who fell into our hands, to hinder their cany* 
 it^ int^ligence of us to the Spaniards at Guam. One 
 ofthofe Indians was a carpenter by trade, and his fathc( 
 was one of the principal builders at Manilla. This 
 young man, having been ill ufed by the Governor at 
 Guam.voluntarilyentcred with us,ancl became one of oUr 
 carpenter's crew, and proved a very ufeful handy fellow. 
 
 llie Spaniard being examined as to the date of the 
 illand we were now approaching, the account he gave 
 furprized even our mo(t ianguine hopes; and, thou^ 
 umnhabited, he (aid, it wanted none of thofe accom- 
 modations with which the bed cultivated countries are 
 fiimilhed. On mudering up our whole force, as we 
 drew near, all the hands we could colled capable of any 
 kind of duty, even on the mod preffing occafions, 
 amounted to no more than 71 men, oiGcers included- 
 This number, inconfiderable as it may feem, were all of 
 the united crews of the Centurion, GlouceAer, and 
 Trial, that could move without being affided, notwith- 
 danding that, when we left England, they confided of 
 near 1000 men. 
 
 When we had entered the road, our fird bufinefs, 
 after flirling the fails and fecuring die (hip, was to pro- 
 vide an holpital onfliorefior the fick; but the oHicer 
 and feainen who were fent upon this fervice, returned 
 joyfully, and acquainted us, that the Indians on (hore 
 hadfaved them that trouble, and had provided for us 
 •jctter than we could have done for ouriclvcs ; for, hav- 
 ing eredled a number of little cabbins for their ac- 
 commodation during their refidence on the idand, and 
 one in particular, wnich they made ufe of bv way of 
 dorehoufe to flow their provifions in, there could be no. 
 thing more fuiublv adapted for the reception both of 
 the iick and the heuthy than thcfe ercdions. .Accord- 
 ingly, we indantly began fending aduire as many of 
 the fick as couk) polTibly be conveyed, among which 
 number I myfdf wu one ; I fay, as many as could 
 poifibly be conveyed; for we were all fo extremely 
 feeble and helplefs, that we were no otherwife to be 
 landed than py being carried in our hammocks, 
 bothinandout of the baits, on -mens fhouklers, in 
 which fervice both the Comimodore himfelf and his 
 officers very hununely «flidcd{ and, indeed, they were 
 almcid the onl^ perfons on baud capable of perfonning 
 It; the healthied feamen being fo much enfeebled, that 
 
 they 
 
Vt)YAGE RO U N D the 
 
 thcle were 
 own tl^cy 
 ikc appear 
 the uliole 
 .and mj 
 appear ia 
 wno were 
 iAble ap- 
 ors in any 
 id I hope 
 % and per. 
 nd (loutcA 
 chcnlinns| 
 , that they 
 (o little as 
 lion whe- 
 
 faw, three 
 
 N. £. tlio 
 
 e(l, due £. 
 
 got pretty 
 
 fcnt our 
 
 At four the. 
 
 dian paroo, 
 
 icy tooic in 
 
 in-fliorc a 
 
 20 and ;\o 
 
 i been fenc 
 
 and nuke 
 
 he Spanifli 
 
 people fcut 
 
 nay at that 
 
 ine purpofe. 
 
 with all the 
 
 their carry* 
 
 luam. One 
 
 nd his fathet 
 
 nilla. This 
 
 Governor at 
 
 neoneot'oUr 
 
 andy fellow. 
 
 Hate of the 
 
 >unt he gave 
 
 and, though 
 
 liofe accom- 
 
 countries are 
 
 force, as we 
 
 ipable ofany 
 
 g occafion^ 
 
 rs included- 
 
 1, were all of 
 
 uceAer, and 
 
 ed, notwith- 
 
 confillcd of 
 
 irft bufuiers, 
 was to pro- 
 : the ottkcr 
 ce, returned 
 ins on Ihore 
 vided for us 
 »j for, hftv- 
 9r their ac- 
 siiland, and 
 f bv way of 
 :ouid be no- 
 tion both of 
 s. .Accord- 
 as many of 
 nong which 
 iny as could 
 b extremely 
 erwUe to be 
 hammocks, 
 boulders, in 
 rdf and his 
 d, they were 
 fpernrtning 
 iKchled,that 
 they 
 
 thcyhtd butjuHftrength enough left to help them- 
 (elves. 
 
 The next dty^ beiiwthe 34th, the remainder of the 
 fick were brought on more, of whom ai foon died ; but 
 thegprtateftpartof therelt recovered furprizingly. As 
 foon as I was capable of ftirring about, I found the 
 ifland Co lie in latitude 14 deg. 5 8 min. N. [Walter fays 
 15 deg. 8 min.land in longitude 223 deg. ij min. W. 
 from London, being, according to my recHoning, 1 1 7 
 <leg. 7 min. W. from Acaptilco. [Walter fays 114 deg. 
 CO mia And. here it is obfervable, how writers of the 
 prR chandlen for veracity diflfcr in their accounts of the 
 fame places, by vifiting them at different periods. The 
 defcription of this ifland of Tinian by Commodore By- 
 IQn,.wao lately vifited it in his voyage round the world, 
 bears no fimiiitudc to that we are now about to recite t 
 norcananv one conceive how an interval of onl^ 30 
 ^n could occafion fo remarkable an alteration in an 
 ifland that had lain uncultivated for many centuries be- 
 fore. But to proceed:] 
 
 The foil, upon exammation, we found to be every 
 where dry and healthy; and being withal fomewhat 
 fandy, it was thereby the Icfs difpo^ to a rank and 
 pver-luxuriantvegeution: and hence the meadows and 
 woods were nearer and fmoother than is ufual in hot 
 climates. The vallies and hills were mofl: beautifully 
 diverflfiedby the mutual encroachments of woods and 
 lawns, which flcirced each other, and traverfed the ifland 
 in laree trads. The woods confided of tall and well- 
 fpread trees, fome celebrated for their beauty, andfome 
 K>r their fruit; vrhildthe lawns weregenerally croudcd 
 with herds of cattle, of which it was not uncommon to 
 lee thoufands feeding in a herd, and, being all milk- 
 white, it is no wonder that fuch an appearance excited 
 our longings, and increafed our impatience, to kill and 
 eat. Add to thefe, the innumerable fwarms of poultry 
 that croudcd the woods, and, by their frequent crow- 
 ings, gave us in idea the pleaftng apprehcnflon of be- 
 ing in the neighbourhood of farms and villages ; and 
 we even fancied, that in the covert o( the woods we 
 fliould find fuch concealed. The cattle we had fight 
 of were computed at I o,(XX}; and, befldes thefe and 
 the poultiy.'wc likewife found abundance of wild hogs, 
 which were excellent food, but fierce, and not eafily 
 maftered. At firft we killed them by <hooting; but, 
 our ammunition failing, owing to an incident, we at 
 iaft hunted them down with dogs, fcveral of which 
 joined us on the ifland, and, being trained to the fport 
 by the Indians, readily enough followed us, and af- 
 forded us good diverflon. In their conflidls with the 
 bears, fome indeed were killed ; but thofc that came off 
 vidorious, were (till more eager to engage in every new 
 piufuit. 
 
 This ifland was no lefs fortunate to us in its veget- 
 able than its animal productions ; more particularly 
 abounding in fuch fruitt and plants as were bed adapted 
 to the cure «f that difeafe by which we had been fo 
 dreadfully debilitated. In the woods cocoa-nuts were 
 tobe gathered without number; and, what is remark- 
 able, cabbages grew on the fame trees. There were, 
 befidcs, guavas, limes, fweet and four oranges, and, 
 what is x^mmon to all the Tropical iflands, bread- 
 fruit. In the plains we found water-melons, dandelion, 
 creeping- purflain, mint, fcurvy-grafs, and forrel; all 
 which, together with the frefli-meats of the place, were 
 fuch falutary refrelhments, that the fick, who were at 
 death's-door when they landed, before they had been a 
 week on fhore, put on very different countenances, and 
 with then: new complexions received a frefli recruit of 
 fyirits. 
 
 Amidft fuch a variety of provifions as the land flir- 
 nifhed, it was thought unnecefliuy to indulge ourfelves 
 in thofe offered us by the fea. From fifli, therefore, 
 we wholly refrained; and the rather, as fome we caught 
 at our firft arrival furfeited thofe who cat of them. 
 This, however, was not regretted, as beef, pork, pouU 
 tiy, and wild-fowl, were in fuch plenty, that, except the 
 trouble of bringing them from a confiderable dinance 
 fometimes, there wu no diftctflty attending their pro- 
 
 curement. It were, indeed, an end lefs ia(k to recount 
 all the excellencies and delicacies we met with in this 
 delightful ifland : nor u it eafy to fay which to prefer 
 where tvoty thing is worthy of^admiration; the ncatncfii 
 of its lawns, the Itatelinefs, frethnefs, and fragranCfe df 
 its woods, the happy inequality of itsifurface, and the 
 variety and elegance of the views it afforded,— all thefe 
 confpired to cturm the fight, while at thefame time the 
 excellency of iuprodud ions could not fail to gratify 
 the appetite. And thefe advantages were greatly 
 enhan<:ed by the healthinefs of the climate, by the 
 almofl confnnt cool breeacs that prevailed, and by the 
 frequent gentle fhowers thatfeemed to fall jufl to re- 
 frefli the earth, and add to its fertility ; for thefe, in<- 
 fteadof the long-continued rains that in other couft- 
 tries fill the air with noxious vapours, and overflow the 
 earth with wafleful inundations, feemed Jufl enough to 
 purify the air, and to refreih the foil; which was ob- 
 fervable cnoueh by the effeft it had in incrcafing our 
 appetites, andpromoting our digeftion. This effedl was, 
 indeed, remarkable, fince thole amongft our officers, 
 who were at all other times fparc and temperate eaters, 
 were here in appearance transformed into duttons; 
 for inflead of orte reafonable flefh-mcal a day, tney were 
 fcarcely fatisfied with three: and yet our digeftion lb 
 well correfponded to the keennefs of our appetites, that . 
 we were neither difardered nor even loaded by this un- 
 common repletion; for, after having made a large beef 
 breakfaft, it was not long before we began to confider 
 the approach of dinner as a very defirable, and even 
 fomewhat tardy event. 
 
 The principal inconveniences that attended ottr refir 
 dencc upon this ifland aroie from the vaft number df 
 mufketos and other troublefomc Hies, by which we were 
 perpetually tcazed ; there was likewife a venomous lit- 
 tle infeijl, that, like the fhcep-ticks in England, would 
 bury its head in the fkin, and, if not inflantly removed, 
 would caufc an inflammation. 
 
 Running water there was none in the ifland ; but that 
 defeat was fupplied by a large lake, or lagoon, almofl in 
 the center of it, to which the cattle, in times of drought 
 generally reforted ; but the frefhnefs of their paflure, 
 and the copious dews and gentle fhowers that often 
 moiflened it, rendered that refource almofl unnecelTary. 
 There were, befides, fprings of excellent water, and 
 near the furface wells might every where be dug, whofe 
 waters, in any other place would not have been com- 
 plained of. 
 
 But the ereat danger we had to dread remains to be 
 told. Dunng four months in the year, that is, from 
 the middle of June to the middle of Odlober, when 
 the weflem monlbons prevail, the winds, about the full 
 and change of the moon, are variable, and blow with 
 fiich fiiiy, that the ffouteft cables afford no fccurity to 
 fhips riding at anchor in the road : and what adds to 
 the danger is the rapidity of the tide, which fets to the 
 S. E. and occafions fuch a hollow and over-grown fea as 
 is not to be conceived; infomuch that, though we were 
 in a fixty-gun fhip, we were under the dreadful appre- 
 henfion orbeing pooped by it. During the reft of 
 the year the weather is conftantly fettled, and fliips 
 have nothing to fear, if their cables are well armed, 
 which otherwife will fuffer from the foulnefs of the 
 ground. 
 
 From the a9th of Auguft. when our fick were all 
 put on fhore, on the 1 2th of September, when the 
 Commodore himfelf landed, thofe who remained on 
 board where chiefly employed in mooring and lecuring 
 the Ihip, in (hifring her guns to come at her leaks, and 
 in cackling the cables, to prevent their being galled by 
 the fridlion againft the rocky bottom. At the fame 
 time an anchor and cable were put on board the Spanifli 
 bark, her own being only a heavy log of \w>od, and a 
 rope made of bafs ; and (bme barrels of powder to be 
 dned and recovered, which by long keeping was be- 
 comcmcift. 
 
 From the lathto the 18th, the hands were con- 
 tinually fhifting, thofe who were fo well recovered' as 
 to be capable of duty were fent on board, and thofe who 
 
 had 
 
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360 
 
 CbMMODORE (afterwards Lord) ANSOvN's 
 
 ■I! 1 
 
 i u 
 
 :l I 
 
 'IM 
 
 had born the burden of the labour were relieved and 
 ifenc otl thorc. 
 
 On the 19th, the weather began to alter, and to 
 threaten a (lorm : on that day, the next, and the 3 id, 
 it blew hard; however, we rode it out, and flattered 
 ourfelves that the prudence of ourmcafureshad fecured 
 ut from accidents. On the 226, the hurricane canie 
 on, and our only hope of fafety fecmed to depend on 
 our putting out to lea ; but the Commodore wai on 
 thore, and all communication with the land abfolutciy 
 cut off. At five in the afternoon, the fmall bower parted, 
 and the (hip fprung off to the bed bower. As night 
 approacheo, the violence of the ftorm increafed ; yet, 
 nucwithffanding its Inexpreflible fiiry, the rapidinr of 
 the tide was uich as to prevail over it, and to force 
 the (hip before it, as it were, in dcfpight of its utmoft 
 rage. It was now that the fca broke alt round us in a 
 mod tremendous manner; and that a large tumbling 
 fwcll threatened to ingulph us in its bofom : the long- 
 boat, which was moored a-Hern. was on a fudden 
 canted fo high that it broke ihe tranfum of the Com> 
 modore's gallery, and would, doubtlefs, have rifen as 
 high as the ufferel, had it not been for the ftrdke, 
 which ftoye the boat to pieces; but yet the poor boat- 
 keeper, though much bruifed, was faved almoft by 
 miracle. Alwut eight, the tide flackened ; but, the 
 wind not abating, the bed bower cable, by which alone 
 we rode, parted at eleven. In this extremity, Mr. 
 Saumarcz, our firft lieutenant, who commanded in the 
 abfence .of the Commodord; ordcreld guns to be fired, 
 and lights td be Ihewn, as ftgnals of didrefs ; and, in 
 d Ihdrt tihic after, the night being exceflively dark, the 
 ftorm raging, the thunder roaring, and nothing to be 
 feen but the blUc lightning flaming through the rain, 
 we Mere driven to fea, and by this cataftrophe, the 
 whole crew, both by fca and land, reduced to a ftate of 
 defpair; thofe'on fliore concluding they had now no 
 means left them ever to get home; whilft thofe on 
 board, being utterly unprepared to ftruggle with the 
 fury of fuch feas and winds, expccled each moment to 
 be their laft. In this ftate of defpondency, while thofe 
 on board were evtiy mortlent in expectation of being 
 daflicdagainft the.rocks of Aiguigan, an ifland at about 
 three leagues from Tiniart, tnole on (hore were perfuaded 
 the fliip could not furvive the ftorm, the whole channel 
 between the two idands appearing from the land like 
 one continued breach, the fea fwelling, breaking, and 
 roaring, like mountains rolling over mountains, . id 
 forming the moft awful and terrifying fight that the 
 mind pi man can poflibly conceive. Indeed, the con- 
 dition of thofe on board was truly pitiable ; they were 
 in a leaky fliip, with three cables in their hawfes, to one 
 of which hung their only remaining anchor ; they had 
 not a gun on board laflied ; nor a port barred in; their 
 flirouds were loofe ; and their fore-top-maft unrigged ; 
 and they had ftruck their fore and mam yards down be- 
 fore the hurricane came on, fo that there was no fail 
 they could fet except the mizzen: to add to their 
 misfortunes, they were no fooner at fea, than, by the 
 labouring of the ftiip, whole floods of water rulhed in 
 through the hawfe-holcs, ports, and fcuppers ; which, 
 with the ufual leakage, kept the pumps conftantly at 
 work. Perfuaded that their dcftru(f^ion was inevitable, 
 finking, however, was only their fecondary concern; 
 they judged, by the driving of the (liip, that they were 
 making towards the land, and that, in the darknefsof 
 the night, they (hould no otherwife perceive it than by 
 ftriking upon it ; but day-light relieved them from 
 their uneafy apprehenfions, and ftiewed them that the 
 ifland they fo much dreaded was at a confiderablc 
 diftance, and that a ftrong northern current luul proved 
 theneans of their prefervation. It was not, however, 
 till after thrfee days that the rnrbulent weather that had 
 driven them from Tinian began to abate ; when every 
 man ip the fliip was fo worn out with fatigue, that they 
 found it impomble to man the pumps, and hand the 
 fails at the lame tim:. They had twice attempted to 
 heave up the main and fore-yards, in which tney had 
 at Often mifcarried by the breaking of thejeets, and in 
 
 • 
 
 I 
 
 the lafl effort one of their beft men periflied. During 
 all this time the fliip was driving to leeward, and drag- . 
 ging her ftiect anchor, the only one flie had left,- with 
 two cables an end at her bows. This was a circum- 
 ftance of the grcateft confequcnce, and ivquired a 
 fpeedy remedy ; for though upon a third exertion of 
 their whole force, they had replaced their yards, they 
 durft not, while the anchor continued in that fituation, 
 venture to fpread their canvas. Some reft and refrefti- 
 meht becanic nteelTary before a work of fuch labour 
 could be pix)pofed to a feeble and diminiftied crew, 
 who hardly confifted of 100 men. It was, therefore, 
 five days after their departure before they could fecure 
 their anchor; and now they fet their courfca, and, for 
 the firft time, flood to the eaftward, in hopes of foon 
 regaining the ifland, and rejoining their Commander 
 and the reft of their company: but in this they were 
 unhappily difappointed ; for Kaving run, as they thought, 
 the diftance neceffary for making the ifland, and being 
 in full expe(flation of feeing it, they found thcmfelves 
 bewildered by the irregularity of the currents, and knew 
 not what courfe to fteer, till, after feveral days uncer- 
 tainty, they came at laft in fiffht of Guam, from whence 
 they direded their courfe with infinite labour to Tinian, 
 the wind being conftantly againft them, and the tide 
 variable. This fcverc employment held till the nth 
 of 0<aober, when, after nineteen days abfence, they 
 appeared again in the ofling, and were reinforced 
 from the (hore, to the inexpreffible joy of the whole 
 crew. 
 
 A few days after the fliip was driveri off, fbnfe of the 
 people on (hore cried out, A fail I and this fpread a 
 general joy, fuppofing it to be the Centurion return, 
 ing; but brefently a Cecond fail was defcried, which 
 wholly deflroyed the firft conjedlure. and made it dif- 
 ficult to guefs who they were. The Commodore turn- 
 ing his glafs towards them, faw they were two boats ; 
 and inftantly concluding that the Centurion was gone 
 to the bottom, and that thofe were her boats returning 
 with the remains of her people, this fbddcn fuggeflion 
 wrought fo powerfully upon him, that to conceal his 
 emotion, he was obliged to retire to his tent, where 
 he paft fome bitteir moments in the firm perfuafion 
 that all his hopes w«fre now at an end, and that, ihftead 
 of diftrefling the enemy, He muft himfelf with his peo- 
 ple fall a prey to their rclentlefs cruelty. He was, how- 
 ever, foon relieved fiom this mortifying thought, they 
 appearing, upon their nearer approach, to be Indian 
 proas diretftii^ their courfe towards the bay, with a 
 view, as was fuppofed, to relieve their countrymen, or 
 to take on board their provifions. On this intelligence, 
 the Commodore ordered his people to conceal thcm- 
 felves ; but the proas, after advancing within a quarter 
 of a mile of the (hore, lay by for the fpacc of a few 
 hours, and probably obferving fome change in the ap- 
 pearance of^the place, which might raife their fufpicion 
 that an enemy lay in ambufh, they got again under fail, 
 and fteered to the fouthward. 
 
 After this incident an opinion began generally to pre- 
 vail, that thfc Centurion would never more appear at 
 this ifland ; and thdt (he was either loft, or forced upon 
 the coaft of China, from whence, in her crazy condi- 
 tion, it would be impoflible for her ever to return. 
 Though the Commodore did not apparently give into 
 thisopinion, yet he was not without his fears ; and, there- 
 fore, to provide againft the worft. he propofed cutting 
 afunder the Indian bark which they took on their fii5 
 arrival, and lengthening her in fuch a manner at to 
 be capable of taking on Ixiard all who were then upon 
 the idand. and following the (hip if parad venture (he 
 fliould be driven t« Mocao. After fome hefitation, 
 owing to the difliculty attending th^ execution, the 
 men were at length prevailed upon to engage in the 
 work, and the Commodore by his example encouraged 
 their diligence; for, being always at work by day break 
 himfolf, it was thought a difgrace to be idle when their 
 Chief was employed. It fortunately happened, that 
 the carpenters both of the Gloucefter and Trial were 
 on ftiore, and that they had brought for fafety their 
 
 cheft* 
 
 iP: 
 
)urin9 
 dr«g- 
 with 
 rcum- 
 ired a 
 ion of 
 mhey 
 uation, 
 efrcih' 
 ikbotiV 
 crew, 
 rcfore, 
 fecure 
 nd, for 
 )f foon 
 niindcr 
 
 V O Y AGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 361 
 
 cheiU of tooli with them. The fmith, too, was on (here 
 with hit fdfge, but his bellows was dill in the ihip. 
 This defeft occafioned Tome delay; but was foon Tup- 
 plied hf dte ingenuity of his (hipAutes, one or other 
 of thent never being at a lofs for expedients on fuch 
 occaiions; they limed a frefh hide for leather, the 
 carpenter! itnped our a wooden frame, and a gun bar- 
 rel ferved for a nozel. The fmith being now m readi- 
 nefs to prepare the iron-work, Ibme were employed in 
 "cutting down trees, and (awing them into planic, whilft 
 the main-body were bufied m digging out a draw- 
 dock to receive the bark, and in laying of ways to 
 heave her up and down. All, in ftiort, were varioufly 
 employed ; and the work went on fuccefsfully for 1 6days, 
 in which time the bark was fawn afundcr, her tMo 
 parts fcparated, and placed at the proper di (lance from 
 each other; and, the materials being all in rcadincfs 
 before-hand, they proceeded with no fmali difpatch in 
 the enlargement, infomuch that they fixed the 5th of 
 November as the day when they (hould be ready to de- 
 part. The alacrity with which this bufincfs was car. 
 ried on, left no room for reflexion among the common 
 lailors, though their fuperiors were not without their 
 fears. They had no fca-provifions, except foiiie jerked 
 beef, which the Indians had prepared land abandoned 
 when they fled, and they had a run of 600 leagues be- 
 fore they coujd prefume upon a fupply; they had no 
 bread, and the bread-fruit on the ifland could not be 
 preferved at fea ; they wanted fait ; and, what was fliil 
 a more necefTary article in their prcfent (ituation, they 
 wanted ammunition for their defence, in cafe of an 
 atuck from the enemy; for, upon the ftriiScft fearch, 
 no more than 90 charges of powder could be collcdled, 
 which was (hort of one round a-piece for each of the 
 company: they were, too, in an unknown fca, and 
 wanted inftruments to diredt their courfe: in Ihort, 
 though the common men had no other thought but 
 how they fhould get on board, the officers foreftw a 
 tfioufand difficulties, which were almofl: infurmounta- 
 blc to human apprehcnfion, but which they care- 
 fully concealed, that the main bufmefs might not be 
 tctardcd. 
 
 But, in the midd of thcfe gloomy apprehenflons, 
 which, the nearer the time of their departure approach- 
 ed, ftill became the more fcrious, and when all hope of 
 feeing the Centurion at Tinian had fublidcd, one of the 
 Glouceller's men, being upon a hill at a diftancc look- 
 ing out for cattle, perceived, as he fancied, fomething 
 like a fhip in the clouds, which, on ftcadily obferving 
 it, feemed to move flowly towards the land. It was 
 not long before he was feniible of its approach, and 
 perfuadmg himfelf it was the Centurion, he in an 
 cxtafy ran towards the landing-place, crying to his 
 comrades. The fliip! The (hip! This being heard by 
 the neareft, was echoed from mouth to mouth till it 
 reached the fpot where the Commodore was at work, 
 who, tin hearing the joyful news, threw down his axe, 
 and Joined in the general tranfport. In a few hours 
 the Centurion appeared in the offing, and a boat with 
 18 men was fent off to reinforce her, and to carry frefh 
 meats, fhiits, and refrefhments, for the crew. In the 
 aiternoon of the nth of Odtohcr (lie happily cart 
 anchor, the Commodore went inftantly aboard, and the 
 joy and congratulations on that occalion were equally 
 fincere and mutual. 
 
 The labour of the artificers was now at an end, and 
 another kind of employment fucceeded, which was 
 that of laying in water for the remainder of the voyage. 
 Now alfo hunting, (hooting, fetting and every device 
 that could be contrived to catch live cattle, hogs, and 
 poultry for (lores, took place ; while, at the fame time, 
 the Commodore and officers amufcd themfelves with 
 traverfing the ifland. and examining more minutely its 
 feveral parts. In one of thefc excurfions, being on a 
 rifing ground, they obferved, in a valley beneath them, 
 the appearance df afmall thicket, which, by attending 
 to it, Iccmed to have a progreffive motion, as indeed it 
 had ; but was no other than a parcel of cocoa-buflies 
 trailed upon the ground by perfons concealed beneath 
 No. 44. 
 
 them. From this uncommon circumftance, it was 
 immediately concluded, that the Indians, whofc boat 
 they had fuiprized upon their firfl arrival, miift be the 
 perfons who were dragging the bufhes, and that it coiild 
 not be far to the place of their conccalmerit; they there- 
 fore kept their eye upon them, and traced them to their 
 cell; but, to their furprize. when they came to enter It, 
 they found it abandoned, though all things were reafly 
 prepared for dinner, and flood fmoaking hot on a table 
 of turf. The officers, having in vain endeavoured to 
 track thcin, returned, and, with an appetite incrcafed 
 by the kccnnefs of the purfuit. (at down to that meal 
 which the poor hungry favages had abandoned. It con- 
 filled of laltcd f]iarcribs, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fhiit; 
 all which they found ready drefl, and in quantity as 
 much as they all could cat. 
 
 On the third day after the fecond arrival of the (hip, 
 the Commodore being on board, a fudden gufl of wind 
 arofc, and again brought home our anchor, and drove 
 us out to fea. Our chief officers were now all on board j 
 and only about 70 of our nu-n, with a midfhipman ot 
 two to command them, were employed on fhore in 
 filling water and catching cattle. Ofthefe about jocamc 
 of to us in the cutter, and the eighteen-oared barge was 
 fent for the rcflj but they not being in readinefs, and 
 the (hip quicklv driving out of fight, it was no longer 
 in their power to join us. However, as the weather 
 foon proved favourable, and we were now flrongcr and 
 healthier than at ourfirft difafter, in about five days we 
 regained the road, and anchored fafe in our former 
 flation. On our return we found the Spanifh bark re- 
 flored to her old dimenfions, and the parts brought to- 
 gether, and in good forwardncfs to be compleated; for 
 the few remaining people, defpairing of the return of 
 the fhip, had determined to follow her to her deflined 
 port. We now laboured indcfatigably to get in our 
 water, in order to fail, in which fervice two of our men 
 employed in the well unfortunately perifhed ; for the 
 fides of the well being loofe earth, by the carelefTnefs 
 of thofc above, in not properly attending the filling, 
 the bank gave way by the weight of a heavy caflc, and 
 both that and the bank fell in upon them together; 
 Some other misfortunes happened through hafle ii» 
 rafting the cafks to the fhip; yet, notwithftanding, be- 
 ing fuch as are generally accounted trifling on board a 
 manofwar, our watering went on fo fuccefsfully, that 
 by the 20th of Odober, it was compleated ; and on that 
 day leave was given for a man from each mefs to go 
 afliore, and gather as many oranges, lemons, cocoa-nuts, 
 aud other fruits of the ifland, as fliould be fufficient for 
 us all while at fca. This being accompliflied, the 
 Spanifh bark fet on fire, the men returnetl on board, 
 and the boats hoifled in, on the 21 ft we fet fail; and 
 the wind being fair, and the weather moderate^ nothing 
 remarkable happened till we arrived on the coafts of 
 China, except that while we were pafTing by the rocks 
 of Vele Rete, near the fouth end of the ifland Formofa, 
 M-e were alarmed by a cry of fire on the forecaftle! 
 which brought the whole crew together in the utmoft' 
 confufjon, 10 that it was difficult for fomc time to re- 
 duce them to order; but, as foon as difcipline took 
 pLice, and a proper examination could be made, it was 
 found to proceed from the furnace, where 1 he bricks, 
 being over-heated, had begun to communicate the fire 
 to the wood-work, which, had it not been timely dif- 
 covercd, might have been of the moft dreadfiil confe- 
 quence; but, as it fell out, it was extinguilhed with 
 the greateft facility, and the brick-work fo fecured 
 that no accident of the like kind could again happen* 
 From the ifland of Formofa we direi^ed our courfe 
 fo as to fall in with the coaft of China, to the caftwaid 
 of Pedro Blanco, as that rock is generally efteemed 
 the bell dire(?lion for (hips bound toMocao; and, on 
 the 6th of November we fell in with it, when we were 
 prefcntly furrounded by an incredible number of fifli. 
 ing-boats, which covered the fuiface of the fca as far as 
 the eye could reach. Nor was this fwarm of fiftiins 
 veflels peculiar to that place; for, as we ran on to tlie 
 weftward, we found them as abtmiwit en piciy other 
 ♦ ^ f*tp 
 
 IM 
 
 1 I '-li! 1 
 
 
 u 
 
 ( <:i 
 
36a 
 
 Commodore (afterwards Lord) A N S O N't 
 
 pan of the coaft. From ampng thefe wc had no fort 
 of doubt of iprucuring a pilot to Mocao; but, when we 
 thought ourielvcs near ,it, though we tempted them 
 with (hewing them bags of Spni(h dollars, for which, 
 ;t is faid, a Chincfc would fell his father, yet not one 
 of them would venture to come on board us, nor give 
 us the lead intelligencet neither did our (hip, the like of 
 which, fo armed and fitted, had never before appeared 
 upon their coatts, feem to excite in them any curiofity: 
 the^ continued their filhing with the fame apparent in- 
 difference as if any trading fliip had been mfTrng by t 
 and, when we niad^ them (ignals, they difregardcd 
 them as much, though they certainly undcHtood them, 
 as if we had been only in fport. The next day, however, 
 about two in the afternoon, as we were (landing to the 
 weftward within two leagues of the (bore, (till furroundcd 
 as before, we obfervcd that a boat a-head of us waved a 
 red flag, and blew a horn. This we apprehended was 
 a (ignal for us, and accordingly wc hoiftcd out our 
 cutter, and fent to know the meaning of it; when wc 
 prefently difcovered our midake, ancT that it was only 
 the ufual notice to leave otf (idling, which the whole 
 fleet indantly obeyed. Being thus difappointed, we 
 kept on our cruife till wc came to a group of iflands, 
 roimd the wcdcrnmod of which we were dircdcd to 
 pafs, and then to haul up. While we were thus em- 
 
 ?loyed, a Chincle pilot came on board, and in broken 
 brtuguefe undertook to pilot us into harbour for 30 
 dollars, and on the 1 2 th of November anchored us fafc 
 in Mocao -road ; where the fird thing we did was to (a- 
 Ijutc the fort, and to fend to the Portuguele Governor to 
 advifc withiiis Excellency in what manner to behave to 
 avoid giving offence to the Chinefe. The ditHculty 
 the Commodore principally apprehended related to the 
 port charges ufually paid by (liips in the river Canton, 
 from which charges men-of-war are exempted in every 
 port of Europe, and which the Commodore was deter- 
 mined not to be forced to pay in this. In the evening 
 the boat returned with two officers, who delivered it as 
 ^he Governor's opinion, that, if the Centurion ventured 
 into the river o( Canton, the duty would mod cer- 
 tainly be expedtcd j and, therefore, if the Commodore 
 approved of it, he would fend a pilot to condut^t the 
 Ihip into another harbour, called the Typa, where it 
 was probable the port charges would never be <lc- 
 manded. To this propofal. the Commodore agreed, 
 the pilot was fent, and the (hip fafely moored. 
 . Next day the Commodore paid a vifit in pcrfon to 
 the Governor, to folicit afupply of provifions, and of 
 naval dores to refit the (hip. The Governor very 
 frankly acquauited the Commodore, that he durd not 
 openly furnilheitherthe one or the other; for that he 
 himfelf neither received provifions for his garrifon but 
 from day to day, by permiflion from the Chinefe go- 
 vernment, nor any thing elfe but what his prcfent ne- 
 ceflities required : however, he alTured the Commodore 
 in a friendly manner, that he would give him all the 
 aflidancc in his power. On this declaration, the Com- 
 modorr determmed to go to Canton himfelf, to pro- 
 cure a licence from the Viceroy to purchafe a fupply, 
 and, with this view, hired ji Chinele boat for himfelf 
 and his attendants to carry them into port : but jud as 
 they were ready to embark, the Hoppo rcfufed to grant 
 them a permit; nor would he, notwithdanding all the 
 intered the Commodore could make, withdraw the pro- 
 hibition, till he was threatened to be compelled to it 
 by force. This operated when fair means had failed ; a 
 permit was next ciay fent on board, and the Commo- 
 dore proceeded to the Englifli fadory to confult with 
 the principal officers there about the cautions that were 
 to he ufcd, led the fadory (hould fufltr by violent 
 meafures, which he was folicitOBs to avoid. They ad - 
 vifed him to tranfad the bufinefs by the mediation of 
 l^c Chinefe merchants, who at fird undertook to ac- 
 ^mpltfh it; but, after trifling with him more than a 
 mohth,they declared they durd not interfere in it. The 
 merchants then undertook to procure him provifions 
 dandeftiiw^; but that would not fuflicc. Upon his 
 3 
 
 return, he found the (hip fo much out of repair, that die 
 could not proceed without being hove downt he. there, 
 tore, next day wrote a letter to the Viceroy, ^cquainu 
 ing him, that he was Commodore of a fijuadron of his 
 Britannic Majedy's (hips that had been cruifuig in t|>^ 
 South Seas againd the Spaniards, who .were at war wiij^ 
 hisnationt that his (hip was leaky t that his people 
 were in want of provifions; that he had put intd 
 Mocao, a friendly port, for a fupply, but tliat, being 
 a dranger to the cuftoms of the country, he had been 
 unable to fucceed; and, therefore, requeded, that he 
 might be permitted to employ workmen to repair 
 his diip, and that he might be fupplicd with provi- 
 fions at the accudomed rates at which the articles 
 he flood in need of were generally fold. Another 
 difficulty was now darted as tq the delivery of this 
 letter, the Hoppo at fird refufing to intermeddle with 
 it ; but. on the Commodore's dxprefl^ng fomc refent' 
 ment, and threatening to convey it to Canton by his 
 own melTcngcrs, he at length undertook not only to 
 deliver it, but to procure an anfwer: accordingly, 
 though the letter was only dated on the 1 7th of Decem- 
 ber, on the 1 9th a Mandnrinc of the fird rank, together 
 with two others of an inferior clafs, and their atten- 
 dants, having in their retinue 1 8 half gallies, decorated 
 with dreamcrs,and furniflied with bands of mulic, came 
 to a grapple a-hcad of the Centurion, w hence the Man- 
 darine fent in form to acquaint the Commodore, that 
 he came by order of the Viceroy to examine the con- 
 dition of the diip, and to report the fame as it (hould 
 appear to him upon a jud (iirvcy. On this mcflagc, 
 preparations were indantly made to receive him; in 
 particular, a hundred of the mod fightly men on board, 
 uniformly drcITcd in the regimentals of the marines, 
 were drawn up under arms on the main-deck againd his 
 arrival. When he entered the fliip, he was falutcd by 
 the drums and military mufic, and condurtcd by fomc 
 of the principal officers to the quarter-deck, where he 
 was received in date by the Commodore, and then in- 
 troduced to the great cabbin, where he explained his 
 conimiffion, and prcfentcd the perfons he had brought 
 with him to take the furvcy. The Mandarine ap- 
 peared to be a perfon of fuperior abilities, and en- 
 dowed with a franknefs and honedynot ufually to be 
 met with among the ordinary ranks of Chinele oflv- 
 ccrs; and, being an eyc-witnefs of the dangerous dat« 
 of the leaks, and of the necedity there was for a tho> 
 rough repair, he exprefTed his entire acquiefcencc in 
 the report that had been given, ar pronufcd to lay the 
 fame immediately before the counc'l upon his return. 
 He was exceeding curious in infpeiffing the (hip, in 
 examining her guns, and poiling her great (hot. He 
 exprcd his adonifliment at her drength and her magni- 
 tude; and the Commodore, to increafc his wonder, and 
 flicw his own power, let him know how eafy it would 
 be for him to dedroy the whole navigable force of 
 China, and lay the city of Canton in ruins; but. ne- 
 vcrthclcfs, he alTured him, that not the lead violence 
 (hould beofl^ered, provided his wants were fupptied 
 upon rcafonable terms. 
 
 At the fame time the Comrriodorc complained of 
 the behaviour of the officers at Mocao, who had pro- 
 hibited the country people from felling provifions to 
 his company, though they had paid for what they pur- 
 chafed in derling filver. The Mandarine heard the 
 Complaint without emotion, but faid it fliould beicr.ie- 
 died for the future. After the bufinefs was over, din- 
 ner was ordered, and the Commodore apologifed for 
 the meannefs of the fare from the difficulty he had to 
 procure better : but the two inferior Mandarines, who 
 wercths only perfons of their retinue permitted to fit 
 at table with them, fliewcd no diflike to any thing fet 
 before them, except the beef, to which they have the 
 fame didikc as the Jews have to pork, from an early pre- 
 judice derived from their ancedors ; of this the Com- 
 modore was not apprized, nor were thcv ofl^ended at its 
 being fet before them. "They were, indeed, very auk- 
 wark at thcufc of knives and forks, and it was found 
 
 necelTaty 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 363 
 
 seflaiy 
 
 heccflkry to introduce their own fervants to carve for 
 them, before they coulj make an end of their dinners. 
 But If they were deficient in their manner of eating, 
 they were no novices in putting about the glafles; for 
 there was not an officer at itble that durft engage with 
 them. Seeing they were fond of Frontiniac, and that 
 they prefently emptied four or five bottles of it with- 
 out any effcdl.the Commodore ordered a bottle of Ci- 
 tron water to be brought up, which, on tarting, they 
 liked, and, the Commodore cxcufing himfcif on ac- 
 count of an illneft he had not yet recovered, they 
 clapped a ruddy-faced officer on the (boulder, and de- 
 jRred him to pledge them, faying, by their interpreter. 
 they were fiire he could not plead illnefs for declining 
 his glaft. When the bottle was out, they all rofe from 
 table, without appeving to be in the Icaftdifordcrcd.and, 
 ■fterthcufual ceremonies, departed, very well pleafed 
 with thfcir cnterUinmcnt. 
 
 The CorhmOdore now impatiently expected the li- 
 cence he had requefted ; but it was fcveral days before 
 it pafled the neceflary forms, chicHy owing to the in- 
 trigties of a Frenchman, who, having the advantage- of 
 fpeaking the language fluently, wasatnolofs in tr.i- 
 verfingtne meafures of the friendly Mandarine in fa- 
 vour of Mr. Anfonj but a repetition of the threats al- 
 ready reftrred to, produced, at laft, the delircd viYctt 
 On the ^ of January, the licence was received, and the 
 carpenters were fet to work s but, previous to this, the 
 prohibition was taken off, and provilions were every 
 day brought to the (hip in plenty. 
 
 It was, however, the beginning of April before the 
 repairs could be comp!e»ted, and the Chinefe began to 
 be very uneafy at th«r long ftay. They had frequently 
 fent mcirage* to theCommotlore to h.irten his departure, 
 not knowing or believing that he was no lefs in earned 
 to be gone, than they were to be freed from the dread of 
 his ftay. At length, on the 3d of April, two Manda- 
 rines came on board frmn Mocao, with a peremptory 
 command addrcfTcd to the Commodore, requiring him 
 to depart; to which he made anfwer, in a determined 
 tone, that he would go when he thought proper, and 
 not when they ptwfumed to command hini. After this 
 i^ebuke, however, all communication was forbidden, 
 fend no more provifions were fuffered to go on board ; 
 afid f(» ftridly were thofc injundtions carried into execu- 
 tion, that from thcnccforwards nothing could be pur- 
 chafed at any rate whatever. On the 6th of April, the 
 Centurioji weighed, and warped to the fouthward; and, 
 by the ij^h, (he wa« life in Mocao road, having com- 
 plcated her water m (he palTed along. On the 1 9th, (he 
 again weighed anchor, and put to iea. 
 
 But long before this, that is. fome time in November, 
 Captain Saunders, Comraander of the Tryal's prize, 
 took paflage on board a Swedilh (hip with difpatches 
 from the Gjmmodore to the government. And foon 
 after, that is, atxwt the middle of December, Cap- 
 tain Mitchell, Colonel Crackerdde, "Mr. Tafwell, with 
 his nephew Mr. Charles Herriot, and the Rev. Mr. 
 Walter, embarked on board the company's (hips on 
 their return home. About this time we received 
 the firft news of the fafe arrival of the Severn and 
 Pearl (the two (hips df our fquadroii that parted from 
 «s in doubling C«pe Horri) at Rio Janeiro, on the coaft 
 of Brazil. The Severn Had been remarkable for the 
 extraordinary licknefs that had been more fatal on 
 board her than on board of any other in the whole 
 Tquadron, infomuch that ber hands had been twice re- 
 cruited front the Ceririirion during her Voyage to the 
 ftraitsof Lc Mairej and yet when (lie parted company 
 flic wanted hands to navigate her in a florin, which was 
 ^e reafon of her return. It was from the knowledge 
 %f this iJncomihoh mortality that prevailed among the 
 ■crew, that the Cotnmodorc concluded the Severn to 
 befoft. The news, therefore, of her and the Pearl's 
 fafoty was received w ith the greater pleafure, as we had 
 long entertained an opinion that both of" them had pe- 
 rifhed. But to return from this drgrcfTion: 
 
 From'the ifttbthe i'5th of ApHl, we had (lormy 
 ■fcrcathcr, with heavy rains and fucti amazing and ter- 
 
 rifying claps of thunder and flafhes of lightning as no- 
 thing of the kind I had ever feen or heard bore any 
 proportion to. This was upon the breaking-up of the 
 eaftcrly monfoon, when fuch Itorms are ufual in the 
 country, accompanied fometimes with dreadful gufts 
 of wind, called here by the name of Tutfoons, of the 
 effeds of which the Chinefe relate very wonderful 
 (lories. 
 
 While we were warping out of the harbour, the 
 Commodore went on (hore to Nfocao, to take leave • of 
 the Portuguefe Governor, who had, to the utmoft of 
 his power, behaved in a very friendly manner; and, 
 at his coming from thefort, he was faluted with 1 5 guns. 
 
 During our ftay we had entered about 30 frefti hands, 
 being chiefly Lafcars, Perfians, and Dutchmen; fo thit 
 our whole complement, when we failed, amounted to 
 224 men and boys, among whom were fome of all na- 
 tions, languages, and religions. 
 
 Bcini^nowatfea, we were fome time in a ftatc of 
 uncertainty what courfe the Commodore intended to 
 ftcer. He gave out at Mocao, that he was bound to 
 Batavia, and thence to England ; but his real deflgn 
 was verydiftcrent. The projcdt the Commodore had 
 rclolved upon in his own mind, was, to truife for the 
 annual Diip from Acapulco to Manilla t and, not dif- 
 couragcd by his former difafters, he determined again 
 to rifqiie tlie cafualties of the Pacific Ocean, and to 
 take his rtation oft" CapeSpirito Santo on the ifland of 
 fami', being the firft land the Acapulco (hips always 
 make in approaching the Philippines. 
 
 liciug now at fia, it was no longer neceflary to con- 
 ceal this projert; he. therefore, fummoned all his people 
 0-1 the qii;irtcr-dc. k, and in a fhort, but fpirited fpeech, 
 informed thcmof his defigii; which was received by 
 them with the moft exprelfivc tokens of general appro- 
 bation: and fuch a confidence of fucceeding dinufed 
 itfcif through all the fliip's company, that the Com- 
 modore, who had taken fome Chinefe (heep to fea with 
 him for his own provifion, enquiring one day of his 
 butcher, why he had lately feen no mutton at his table? 
 the man rcpiicd dryly, that in truth there were only two 
 fliecp left, antl thcfe, with his honour's leave, he pro- 
 proled to rcferve for the entertainment of the General 
 of the galleons. 
 
 When the Centurion left the port of Mocao, (he ftood 
 for fame days to the weft ward; and, on the firft of May, 
 paifcd the illand of Formofa; and, fteering to the 
 ibuthward, on the 4th in the evening they came in 
 fight of the Bafliee Iflands, which they fufpedled to be 
 wrong laid down by Dampier, and from obfervation 
 found them 25 leagues too far to the weftward. Ort 
 the 20th of May, they caine in (ight of Efpirito Santo. 
 .As it was known there were centinels placed upon the 
 Cape to make fignals to the Acapulco fliips, the Com- 
 modore immediately tacked, and ordered the top-gal- 
 lant-fails to be taken in, to prevent a difcovery: and 
 this being the ftation in which he propofed to cruife, he 
 fixed the limits between the Kititude of 12 deg. 50min. 
 N. and 13 deg. 5 min. the Cape itfelf lying in 12 deg. 
 40 min. N. and in 4 deg. of eaft longitude from Pfotel 
 Tobago Xima. It was now the time when the Manilla 
 (hip was every hour expedled ; for they feldom or never 
 fail of making land in the month of June, and fbme- 
 'times fooncr, and it was now the laft day of May, ac- 
 cording to their ftile, when the Commodore took his 
 ftation. 
 
 It we're tedious to entertain the reader with th^ va- 
 rious conje<!tures, furmifes, doubts, and anxieilics, that 
 agitated the minds of the people on board, from the 
 day they came in fight of the G4pe till the day that Mr. 
 Charles Proby, a middiipman, called out from the maft. 
 head, A fail! "This was on- the 20th of June, ju(4 one 
 month after their arrival at the Cape. There did not 
 remain a doubt but that it was one of the galleons (for 
 two were expeded this year, as none had been per' 
 mittcd to fail the yekr precedinjg); and the Commo- 
 dore accordingly ftood towarc^ her. At half afier 
 feven in the morning, they could fee her from the dccl^ 
 at which time ftic fired a gun to leeward, and took in 
 
 her 
 
 .1... 
 
 Hi 
 
 'm 
 
 n 
 
364 
 
 Co MM ODOR r (afterward* Lord) ANSO N'i 
 
 her to|>.gaUant«raiU, u a fignal, a* it was then fuppofcd, 
 to her confort ; but in reahty, as a fignal to her own 
 poople to prepare for aAion. The Commodore was 
 furprized to Tec her fteadilv purfue her courfe, and was 
 now in na tear of lofinahgnt of her. as at noon he 
 could fetch, her W'ake. Her confort not appearing, it 
 was concluded they had parted company ; and it now 
 became vifible, that the galleon did not intend to fly, 
 but to fight. Every prepantion had been previoufly 
 made on board the Centurion, and all hands properly 
 inftruded; fo that every man on board repaired to his 
 poll with as much regularity and unconcern as if j>re> 
 paring for a review. Thirty of the beft marklmen 
 lined the tops; two men placed themfelves at a gun 
 to load them: and gai^p of ten men each were 
 appointed to go from gun to gun, to run them out, 
 and fire them as fall as they were loaded. A con- 
 flant running fire was by this means kept up, and no 
 interval allowed for the enemy to (land to their guns in 
 fafety, as is common when whde broadfidcs are dif- 
 chargcd at once. 
 
 About one in the afternoon, the galleon hauled up 
 her fore-fail, and brought to under top-fails, with her 
 head to tlic northward, ' hoifling Spanifli Colours, and 
 having the flandard of Spain flyins at the top-gallant- 
 mall-nead. About the fame time the Centurion hoifled 
 her broad pendant an(l colours, being within gun-fhot 
 of the enemy t and the Commodore, feeing them clear- 
 ing their decks of their cattle and lumber, gave orders- 
 to fire the chace-guns, to diflurb them in their work. 
 The galleon returned the fircwith two of her flern- 
 gtins, one of which carried away one of our fore- fhrouds, 
 and our fore-ftay tackle, which could not have been 
 done by an ordinary ball. The Centurion fetting her 
 fprit-fail fore apd aft for boarding, the galleon, out of a 
 bravado, did the fame. Soon alter, the Centurion fhot 
 a-brea(t of the enemy within piflol (hot, and now the 
 engagement became hot. For the fir^ half hour the 
 Centurion over- reached the galleon, and lay on her bow, 
 and, by the widenefsof herporis, could traverfe almoft 
 all her guns upon the enemy, whilfl the gitiicon could 
 only bring a part of hers to bear upon the Centurion in 
 return. In the heat of the adlion, the mau with which 
 the galleon had (luffed her netting took fire, and burnt 
 violently, blazing up near as hi^n as the mizzen-top. 
 This accident threw the enemy mto the utmo(t terror, 
 and alfo alarmed the Comnnodore, for fear the galleon 
 Ihould be burnt, and for fear he himfelf migln fuffer by 
 being clofely grap{ded by her. Happily, however, 
 that danger was averted, and fnc fire extinguifhed, by 
 cutting aWay the netting, aiid letting the whole tumble 
 into the fea. All this while the Commodore kept his 
 firft advantageous pdition, firing with great regularity 
 and brifknelst while at the fiune time the gallons 
 decks lay open to our top-men, who, having at their 
 fird volley driven the Spaniards from their tops, made 
 prodigious havock widi their fmall arms, killing or 
 wounding every officer but one that appeared upon the 
 quarter-^ck, and wounding in particular the General 
 of the aalleon himfelf. Thus the adion continued for 
 more than half fui hour ; but then tlw Centurion loft the 
 fujperiority of her fituation, and came clofe aloi^-fide 
 ot the galleon, whenj ihe enemy continued their fire 
 . with great aiftivity for mar an hour loiwer 1 yet, even m 
 this pofltion the Commpdpcc's grape-fnnt fwept their 
 decks fo effedoany, and the number of tlv: dead and 
 wounded became (b confideral)>le, that- they began to 
 fall into great confuluMn, efpecially as the G^eral, who 
 was the nfe of the ai^ion, was no kmger able to exert 
 Itimfclf. The diforder was fb great, that their officers 
 vete fcen from the Centurion running about to prevent 
 the delertionof their men from their pofts : but all th^ir 
 endrayours were in vaini for, afler havii^ as a laft 
 effort, fired five or -fix gunf with more iudoment than 
 ufual, they yielded up the contefti and, the galleon's 
 colours being finged off the enfisarftafP at the begin- 
 nii^ of ttie engagement, the flruck the fhndard at the 
 main-tap-gaUant-maft-bead ; but even thif office would 
 havci)ecn at the peril of the man's life, had not the 
 a 
 
 
 Commodore, obfervina what he was about, given exi 
 prefs order* to leave ott firing. 
 
 The Commodore, when the adion n-as ended, it- 
 folved to make the beft of hia way with his prize to the 
 river Canton, being in the mean time fully employed in 
 fecuring his prifqners, and in removing the treafuie 
 from on boara the galleon into the Centurion. Hi* 
 firft bufinefs was to commifFion the fhip, and put her 
 under the command of proper officers: Lieutenant 
 Sauinarez was appointed Captain, and wu imme. 
 diately ordered on board to take pofTefDon of hi* 
 chai^. 
 
 But, juft a* the galleon had ftruck, the officer who 
 conunanded between decks came up, feemiiuriy to con- 
 gratulate the Commodore on his conqueft. but at the 
 fame time privately whifpered to him, that the Centiu 
 non was dangeroufly on fire near the powder-room. 
 It feems one of the lads called powdcr-monkies, being 
 heedlefs, a cartridge that he was ctfrying blew up in 
 his hands I this fired another, af^ thatThrte of tlie 
 lowcr-deck guns on the off fide of the fhip, which 
 being happily loaded and laid dov/n for fervice. and the 
 ports hauled up to vent the fmo;(e, they did not occa- 
 Hon the Icaft mifchiefi howev:r, the cartridge* and 
 
 Suns together raifcd fuch a fnvAher, that it was at firft 
 oubtful whether it pr^eedet' from .the explofion, or 
 from a part of the fhip bein^ on fiij. In ftd, upon 
 examination, it was found tt proceed from both; for, 
 part of 3. cartriitee havii^ f Jlcn between the planks of 
 the cieling, dole aft by t'.ie fcuttle of the Chaplain's 
 cabbin, not only a confidrrabic fnnolfc iffiicd out, but a 
 very fenfible heat, and, had' it not been immediately 
 extinguifhed, the confrquencc would have ixen dread- 
 ful; to be brief, a fev pails of water fcalbnably applied 
 did more than all t'm water of |he ocean could have 
 effe<ffed after an hour's delay. 
 
 This alarm King thus happily fiibfided, we draughted 
 out 50 of o'ii- people (of whom myfelf wa* one^ to board 
 and mm the prize. I had heard we had killed them 
 60 men, and wounded as many more, and expeded to 
 have fcen the horrid fpedacle of manned limbs, dead 
 carcafles, and decks covered with blood t but no fuch 
 fbe^cle appeared; a party having been properly 
 fiationed, during the time of adion^ to wafh away the 
 blood, and to throw the dead over-board. We found, 
 however, many defperatcly wounded, and amoi^ them 
 the CenenI, who had received jl mufketJxUI in hi* 
 brealf, and wa* fo ill, or. pretendfd tq lie fo iU, that it 
 was judged unfafe to move him. ^qi y% a^bbin ; but 
 ail the other officers, together wi^^; the poffengen of 
 note, were fent on board the Centurion. Among the 
 latter was an old gentleman. Governor of Guam, who 
 was going to Manilla to renew his conuniflion, and 
 who had foarcc mounted the Centurion's fide before he 
 was received with open arms by A(^r.jCroodcn, Captain 
 of marine*, who 36 years before, %tthe battle of Ai- 
 manza, luul been his prifoner, and iionourably ufed by 
 him. Thefe two renewed their old acquaintance, and 
 Capuin Crooden had a Ipng-wifhed-for opportunity of 
 returning the &vour* he had formerly received, and 
 which he graufully rennembered. 
 
 The fhip, upon examination, wa* found to contain 
 to the value of mpr^ than a million and a half of dollar*, 
 was called the Nueftra Signora de Cabadonga, Don 
 Jeronitno de Montero, Commander, Inr nation a Portu- 
 BficCt, and accounted tlw moft intrepid officer employed 
 in the Spanifh mercantile ftrvice: and, indeed, in my 
 <^inion. he was more brave than prudent; for, furely, 
 no wife ' nan, intrufted with fuch a caigo, fix league* 
 to the windward of a man-of-war purpofely fbtijoned 
 to intercept him, would have borne down upon his. 
 enemy, and' braved him to his teeth, when, with the 
 advantage of the wind, he might have gone fafc;fo po^ 
 from whence he was not more than 10 or 12 league* 
 diftant, and wliere he might then have fet lii* purfuer at 
 defiance. 
 
 His galleon wa* indeed hift/u than the man of war. 
 was pierced lor 64 guns, but had only 36 mounted, 
 moft of them t3 pounders, and 17 of them bnlt: fhe 
 
 had. 
 
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 had, bolii^i 3t petcnraM. in her gunwale, quartcn. 
 wul top«|Canryini,'cach • xlb. ballt anJ, before the en 
 g4gimKmt,ftwsifniiAcf«4 64O men capable of bearing 
 arms .uffic<r«i V<A aatkimn included. She wai. Ik. 
 ^Mcf, .wel|,furM(hcit withiniall arnu. and wai panicu- 
 ifif\y provided' agdnft boMding. both by her clofc 
 ^ncri, and by a jlrong net-work of tvko.inch rope 
 laced over )ter Mafte, and fortified with half-pikca 
 p^adiivtb»n»MiMr«f chcveaux de fricci but, not- 
 wiUi/landingi al^lm 4ifencn. flw had 64. men killed. 
 lind ^4 iiiOMiirt(i J, ;wNHl the Centurion had oni)rtwo 
 nun kilMi a»d> liduceiMnt and 16 men wounded. 
 «1 of whom recovered, one nran only excepted 
 
 And flow tbQ.CoMnodore learnt from fome of the 
 brifoners, that,thf «fher iliip, which he had kept in 
 the ,port-«C AolpiKlk (he year bcfoic,; inftead«f rMurn- 
 ingincdmpany'with'thia, at wutupc^lcd, had tailed 
 farher in the icafdn than ufual, and was probably goc 
 
 r) Kiaaillp before .the Centurion fct fiul from Mocao i 
 that„ notwithiUndiflg our prcfent fuccelii. «cc had 
 reafon to rearet the lofs of time occafkmed.by the de* 
 fays of the QhMe, ,^hieh prevented our Uking two 
 rich pri«ei inteadef Onci though^ lof^y the Dutb, it 
 wfuld np( h*ve 4t<n:Mi cafy ta(k to difpoie of the pri- 
 fonert, wWcK even «a it feU «ut< wni a matter that gave 
 the Commodore no fmall difquictwde t for they were 
 above double the number of our own people 1 and fome 
 of them obfifvcd. when they were broua^t aboard, how 
 llcndcrlf, ytvtte manned 1 and the General himfclf 
 eould noft help expreffing hia indignation to be thus 
 beaten by a h;^ldful of b^t. It waa therefore ncceflary 
 for our own pfcforvation to prevent their riling 1 and 
 that could not be fecurely effoi^ed withqut.exerciiing a 
 degree of fcverity which in arty other circumnancei 
 9ould MK: h>ve bre« JMftiikJ on the prinriplcs of hu- 
 nVMiity; 1 fofihere waainO method praifticable but that 
 9f ft^wingtiie men; in the lioids of the two (hips 1 and 
 0* for th« officer*. 17 in number, they were conlmcd in 
 the ^ifft Ucutenant'a CAbbin, under a guard of lix men, 
 tifft depriving Uiem of their armi. and then keeping a 
 ftrif^ watch on all their .motions. Indeed, the fufttr- 
 }[*gf,ot the commoomen, fuch of. them ia particular 
 whoweife not emplvyed'jin navigating the (nip, were 
 tnuch to be, pitied |, fon the weathlrrbeingf extremely 
 hot, the fiench of tN hoU* loathfome beyond concep- 
 t.iqrf, an4 the|r allowance of water but juft. fufficient to 
 keep t^m ^liye, being.only a pint a day for each man, 
 
 awjfs aeji^.t,Xq,,ft miracle tMt not a man of them died 
 irjifgt^ii; ^o^fiiwrnenw ^cepc five of , the w«nnded. 
 wl)«uipired rh«yery nig^ they were, bfought Skbwrd 
 the CcfUurion,, , Thut, «ircumftanccd. the motive* of 
 humanity. a», well ai iniareft, ftroQgly urged the Com- 
 inAt^e to hatWn hia return to Chinat aind the. prize 
 focitrg, nuich.dlwn4ge4« jmh in her hull and riggiing, it 
 ifffu IfiundgitffifBiTf tcf Mlie her in tow for the quicker 
 
 , . Op the zif^jbf Juneltbtewa ftorm, which (sontinued 
 till the :3ith,- when the fea ran mountaina high: in thit 
 Aoau the Ccnti4rioa loft, her long-boat) and the prize a 
 
 ,,Pn the 2d of ^j^ v'e paflVd between (he Balhec 
 l^n^St ..though t^evinpiii^ of^the fea feemed to in* 
 dicate brokers or rocky ground ; but the ivind being 
 ufar ta.^he northward as to. render it difiicult to 
 wcathei;, then), we rifqued the danger to fliorten the 
 voyage. On the 8jt^ pf July we made the coaft of 
 (^him,^nd.oo the i^.thcame to ao anchor oiF the City 
 of l!i(Jofi!i9;'^pj» thcncciWc proceeded to iherivcfof 
 Csu^0P» )*'Nnif^'< met w,i(h the ufual ob(lruiSions.from 
 the euUoRuhou(l«oAcei9,.fuid where the Comqmdore 
 was agaii^ obliged, ^ it were, refolutely to force hia 
 way to hi& intended Ration. The oflRcer who came to 
 uk^thf ^ijiienfioaaofihis (liips, in the ufual manne/, 
 leeniied ailoniQyiAiwhen he talked of being exempted 
 from tlwaccuftofiied rates, andgavehim to undeinand 
 tbi^-^ f&figwfr'* diiiy muft be paid by every fliip 
 thauame into hie portsi ani^the pilot had private iiw 
 flrv^iqns not to carry the (h|pa through the lHocqt Ty. 
 gris, or narrow pafs that forms the cntnmce into, the: 
 : -' ; No. 44. 
 
 I 
 
 river of Canton, till fecurity was given for the accuH 
 tomcd charges. 
 
 And here it nuiy be ntcclFary juft to inrntii' that 
 this pafi, not more than a quarter of a miic 1 idthf 
 i-H defended by two forts on the oppolite (Idci hefe 
 
 the Commodore ditr^rding,anu being (iwtci < 
 
 enter (he river without delay, as the ftormy lea .vas 
 approaching, he cauled the pilot to be brought *fore 
 him, and in a determined tone threatened w han^^' Huti 
 tothewird>arm, if he did not inflantly take char c of 
 the (hip, and carry her falie, without ftriking gn. md, 
 througn the Bocca T^ria into the open river, /he 
 poor pilot perrormed hit office, but did not efcape pu- 
 nifliment tor what he could not help. He was in- 
 Hantly feized on being releafed from the Centurion, 
 committed to prifon, and rigovoufly difciplincd with 
 the bamboo. However, he found means to get accef* 
 to the Commodore afterwards, to fiipplicatc a recom- 
 pence. who, ever ready to reward the fufTerers in hit 
 fervicr. gave him fuch a fum 35 more than contented 
 him for hii whipping. Nor wu the poor pik>t the only 
 fuffercri lor the Governors of the fens were both dil- 
 pbiccd for not preventing what it wu in vain for them 
 to attempt to oppofe, and) for not doing what all the 
 council muft know wu impoflible to be done. 
 
 On the 1 6th the Comnnodorc fcnt his Second Lieu.< 
 tenant to Canton, with a letter to the Viceroy, alligning 
 his reafons for putting into that port, demanding a li< 
 ccnce for purchaTing provifions and ftores,and intimat-> 
 ing an intention of waiting upori his Excellency in per- 
 Ton to make his acknowlragemenu. The Lieutenant 
 was civilly received, and promifed an anfwer the next 
 day. In the mean time, the principal officers of the 
 prize dcftred permiflion to go to Canton on their pa.* 
 role, which was readily grantedi Thefe. no fooner ar- 
 rived, than they were called before the nuigiflracy, and 
 examined 1 when they generoufly and frankly acknow- 
 ledged, that they fell into the hands of the Comnnodorc 
 by the chance of war, and that though they were pri- 
 foners, they were notwithDanding at liberty to treat, for 
 their releafe: they faid farther, that it was not the cuf- 
 tom among European nations to putprifoners to deathi) 
 but that (he laws of war authorized much fevercr treat- 
 ment than they had hitherto met with from their con' 
 querors. This confeflion from an enemy had great 
 weight with the Chinefe, who. till thett. though they 
 had revered the Commodore's naval force, had yet ful-- 
 pcdbNi his morals, and had cnnfidered him rather as » 
 lawlefs frcc-booter, than at one commiflioncd by the 
 ftate for the revenge of public imuries. • 
 
 On the 20th of July, three Nland?.rtRes with their re« 
 tinue came on board, mkI brought the Viceroy's permit 
 fi>r a daily fupply of proviflons. and for pilots to carry 
 the (hips up the river ah high at the fecond bar ; and, at 
 the fame time they delivcted:a me(Iage,from the Vice- 
 roy, in anfwer to that p«rt of the .Qom'modoie's letter 
 which related to hit vifiting hit Excellency; the fub- 
 (lance of which mefTaee wu, that the Viceroy wi(hed 
 the Commodore to defer hia vifit tiU the hot feafon was 
 over, but that, in September, when the Weather would 
 be morc-tempcratei tie fhould be glad to receive him^ 
 This the Conunodore looked upon u a fincfTe, know- 
 ing an exprefs was fent up to the Emperor's court at 
 Pea ing t whence the real motive for putting oft' the \i* 
 fit feemed to be to gain time .to receive the Empcror'a 
 inftrudlions concerning the ceremony to be obfervcd at 
 his reception. The Mandarines, having difpatchcd 
 this part of their commifCon,' next entered upon the 
 bufinefsor the portchaigca; vvhereupoh the Cpmmo-i 
 dore at once cut them ftfort. by (c)lin|^ them, that, aa 
 he did- not come to trade, he wa^ not to be treated 
 upon the fame footing with traditw fhips; that hia 
 Britannic Majelly's (hips never paid cudoms in the 
 ports of Europe, nor ever would be fubjedt to any pe- 
 cuniary impolfs in any other port \vhatcvcr. Finding 
 nothing to be gained on this head, they told the Con»- 
 modore, that they had ftill another matter in charge* 
 and that was the releafe of the prifoncrs taken on bmid 
 the galleon} for that the En^teroc would nevcl' permit. 
 4 Z ihe 
 
 H ! 
 
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 1 
 
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 f ' J! 
 
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 ii'irli 
 
sw 
 
 CoMMoDOR K (ifterwardi Lord) ANSON 'i 
 
 ll)c ruh'reAs «f princvt with whom he was in alliance to 
 Iw helo in bondage in hii dumininnt, r <r could the 
 Viceroy anfwa it M hit Sovvftion if he fuHTerrd it i and 
 that, tnercrore, hii Excdlency hoped that the Commo- 
 dore would give immediate ordcn for their releare. 
 
 Thaiflh nothing could be more l^rccable to the 
 Commodore, who wanted much to he rid of the iiw 
 cumbftiKCt than thii requifltion, yet, to inhance the 
 favour, he at firft raircd difltcultiet i but at length Aif- 
 fcred himielf to be prevailed upon by their intrcatiet, 
 andeonduded, by aflbring them, that, to (hew hia m- 
 dincfi to oblige, he would deliver up the prironera when- 
 ever the Viceroy would pleafe to order boat* to fetch 
 them. Maitrn being thui adjufted, the Mandarine* 
 depaited : and, in a few day*, two Chinefe junk* were 
 lent from Canton to carry (hem to Mncao, under the 
 dircAkm of one Captain FiaU Commander of a Spa- 
 iil(h merchant-man, to whow (hip wc ga«c chacc in 
 our paflage fmm the Baihrc llland* to Mocao, but loft 
 fight of Mr in the night. 
 
 To thi* gentleman the General of the galleon, and 
 all hia efficen, except one who accompanied ua to 
 England, were delivered up. And now 1 have occa- 
 fion to mention the Genenl, I cannot help relating an 
 affair which save u* on board the prize a great deal of 
 concern, and fufficiently (hewed tne mcanncfi of his 
 fpirtt, and hi* beggarly craft. 1 have already taken no- 
 tice of hi* being wounded in the engagement, and of 
 hi* being indulged with the uTe of hit own cabbin till he 
 was fit to be removed. The Commodore over and 
 above this indulgence, fent him a fuigcon from hi* own 
 fhip, upon n complaint that the Spani()> furgcon on 
 boarid the calleon was quite ignorant in his prnfclHon i 
 but at the lame time he fent an officer to demand his 
 commiffion. Pretending to the officer thtt he was 
 unable to irtove, he renrrcd him to a fmall box in a 
 locker of his private cabbin, in which, he faid, it was, 
 and likewife a fword-belt fet with diiimonds of great 
 ^ue, his own property ( but, uponfcarch, neither the 
 commiifion nor the belt could be found: and, u foine 
 of our people had been rummaging both that and other 
 
 Cru of the fiiip, he protefied, that, if they could not 
 there found, they muft have been taken away and 
 concealed. Under colour of this concealment, tiMUgh 
 he never produced his commiiTion, he all along re- 
 ceived the moft humane and gentlemanlike treatment 
 that the moft worthy officer couM defire or expefti 
 and fuch was continued till his departure, when neither 
 hi* chefts, of which he had two very large one*, nor 
 any of his trunki or cafei were fiiffiirra to be Icarched : 
 but every thins which he claimed as hi* perfunalefllcd* 
 were delivered to him with the grrateft care and punc- 
 malityt though, a* I was afterward* informed, tie had 
 many valuable ventures ooiKealcd, which ought to have 
 been delivered up aa prite to the captors i but, a* thu 
 wa* never examined into, he cirriea them oflf with the 
 left, and, it wa* fuppofed, wu not the leaft among the 
 gainer* by the capture of his fhip. He perfifted, itow- 
 ever, to the laft inthelofaof his commifTion and belt, 
 and, though there were none on board on whom he 
 could charge the theft, yet the Commodore fufficicntly 
 exprefTed his difplcaTure againft the whole by the pro- 
 Moition he laid upon us, as foon a* the prize came to 
 an anchor in the river, bV which all communication 
 waacut off between us and the country people, and no 
 boat fudered to come near us but 4Xir own t by which fe- 
 vereorder we were entirdydebarred from^rchafing our 
 own provifions and neceflariea from the Chinefe, which 
 the people in the Centurion were at fidl liberty to do; 
 neither could we employ the Chinefe tradefmen to fup- 
 plylu with apparel, of which we ftood greatly in need, 
 though in thnt toothe Centurion'* peoplewere indulged: 
 and all this for no other reafon,tliat was ever afligncd, 
 but that, if the. jewel* the General had loft were con- 
 cealed, the Commodore was determined the fecreter 
 fhould have no opportunity of difpofing of them with- 
 out being difcovercd. Had thi* precaution been taken, 
 a* it ougnt. for the iatisMtion of thofe who fuflPered un- 
 dcrthe feveiitypf the cenfure, and had the effe& of 
 4 
 
 the Spanilh Gcncnl been properly infJitdM, the (»- 
 crcter would have been puMickly cxpoMi far, when 
 we afterward* fell down to Mocao with the (Mm, whtff 
 we fold the prize, 1 wa* myfcif told by an Irifli priaft, 
 that the General had both nis commtAlonand his belli 
 that he made no,fecret of the matter at Mocao i mS 
 that he had oA^rcd the jewels (being only made up by 
 way of blind) among the merchants for fiile. 
 
 nit to return: during our ftty in the river Canton^ 
 our people were employed in repairing the Centurion, 
 over jMuling her fail* and rigging, cIcMifiM and ven- 
 tilating her deck* and quarter* bchm, and in paying 
 and decorating her hulli infimtuch, that when fiw came 
 to fail, the had more the appearance of a fhip newly 
 fitted out, than one that had been a thtw years voyage 
 in traverfing the globe. While tktfr m^p were iMng 
 on board the Centurion, we in- the prist were buAcd 
 in rummaging for trcafiuv, till about tfic latter end of 
 Auguft, when we made a full tod of Mr ffaurch, and 
 found, upon account of therapton, in l]pccie, 1,171,546 
 dollan, and 1,334 of wrought plait and viigin filver. 
 The jewel* we found were not then vahwd. 
 
 At the fame time that the infisrior officers and fea- 
 men were employed in thefe dlffinrcnt fervices, the 
 Commodore had a ftill moit important buflncfi in hand. 
 He knew it was impofTible for u* to proceed to Europe 
 without an ample fupply of jpravifiom and other lea 
 ftore*! and, though we were fumithed with a daily al- 
 lowance, yet no order had been obuined for viAualling 
 u* far our intended voyage. ApplicatkM had indeed 
 been made, and term* agreed upon with the contrac- 
 tors to fiimifh whatever was ncccffiiryi and they had 
 underuken to procure the Viceroy's permiflion for the 
 delivery I but when, about the middle of September, 
 the proper officer was fent to enquire what forwardneft 
 theic things were in, he found that neither the baker ImmI 
 begun to oake the bread, nor the butcher to kiU the 
 oxen, nor was the leaft ftep taken to comply with any 
 one article of the asreement. Wc couUT no otherwile 
 account for this faitnlefi procedure of the Chinefe, thaa 
 by fuppofing they meant to ftarve us into a compliance 
 with their accuftomed demands for port chaiges, with 
 which the Commodore was determined never to ac- 
 quiefce. Indeed, it wu fiifpcded, that the contrac- 
 ton themfelves had Tome intereft in promoting the de- 
 lay, though it wa* not coTy to penetrate the views by 
 which they were influenced, u it may with truth be au 
 ferted, that in artifice, falflwod, and atuchment to all 
 kind* of lucre, the Chinefe, u a nation, ore not to be 
 
 SndMcd by my other pecdie under the fun. It were 
 dleTs to recount all the anukeii extDrtiom, and fnuda, 
 which were pradifadon theCominodore and hia people 
 by thia inteieftcd race. The method of buying provi- 
 Iwns in China being by weight, the tricks made ufe of 
 to make them heavy are afanofl incrtdibie. At one 
 \ time a number of fowl* and ducks beiiy bought for the 
 fhip'* ftore, the greateft part of thetii prelcntly died, 
 which fpread a f(enenl alarm on bnard left they ftiould 
 have died of poifoni but, on examination, it was dif- 
 covered that tney had been crammed with fmall ftonee 
 and snivel to increafe their weight. The hogi, too, 
 bought of the Chinefe butcher* rndy killed, were found 
 to Mve had water injc<fled into the carcafea for the lame 
 purpofcs and when, to avoid thi* cheat, the hogs were 
 bought alive, it wa* found that fait had been given ^ 
 them to increafa their thirft,that methods had been ufco 
 to fiippreft their tti^ine, and that the tortured onimala 
 had been fold in that inflated ftate. Mr. Walter add* 
 — [for it i* on this authority that thefe inftancesare re- 
 ported}— that, as the Chinefe never fcruple to cot the 
 aninafsthat die of themfelves, they contrived, by their 
 fecret practices, when the Commodore put to (ca, that 
 part of hi* live fra-ftore Aould die in a fhort time after 
 It wa* put on board: in order, thcrefbri, to make a 1^* 
 coiid profit of the dead carcafes which they e^pedle^ 
 would be thrown over-board, they followed in boot* to 
 pick up the carrion; and, acoHtlingly, two third* of 
 the hog* dy|ng before they were out of fight of land, 
 their loiiour could not be in vain. 
 
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2tmUiJ%UiiA*d lf'^lt>c.ra»ff»**tJB)^Ji4rmf.*fi*P»tmiu>«»n-atw. 
 
VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 J67 
 
 > 'V 
 
 
 The treachery of the contnidon being now difco- 
 vettd. the Commodore dcteitiined to renew hli former 
 requifition for an audience widi the Viceroy. With 
 this view, he notified hit intention td.thc proper Man- 
 darine, and defired that he would fix the time with the 
 Viceroy when he would be pieafed to receive him i at 
 the fame time giving him to underfhind, that, on the 
 firft of O^ober. he mtended to proceed in his boat to 
 Canton. The Mandarine returned for anfwer, that he 
 would acauaint the Viceroy with the Cdmmodore's in- 
 tentions. At it wu apprehended, that the payment of the 
 cuftomary duties would be demanded at this interview, 
 the Commodore took the neceflary precautions to pre- 
 vent tlwChinefefrom fitcilitatingthe liiccefsof their pre- 
 tenfions bry having him in their power at Canton, and, 
 thereibre,gavethecommand of the Centurion tohisFiift 
 Leiutenant Mr.Brett (now Sir Piercy), with orders, if he 
 ihould be detained, tolie at the mouth of the river, and 
 fuller no (hip or boat to pift or repafs till he was re' 
 leafed, by which the whole navigation of the river 
 would be iimnediatdy oMhu^ed. 
 
 This being kaowh tethe Chinefe, they were now 
 more than ever em b a r r afl td in their ddiberations. The 
 morning of the ill of 06fober arrived, and juft as the 
 boats crew, ei^teea in number, which the Commo- 
 dore propofed to take with him, appeared in their uni- 
 form, namelv, fcarlet jackets and bluefilk waiftcoats, 
 the whole tniraned with filver, with lilver badges on 
 their jackea and cape, his linguift came to him from 
 the Mandarine, to tell him, that a letter had been re- 
 ceived from the Viceroy, defiring the Comnwdore to 
 defer his intended purpofe for two or three days, which 
 ilot being doubted, the men were ordered to be undreft, 
 and the prepairations were all laid afidet but, in the af- 
 ternoon (rf'the (kme day.another lipguift, dune on board, 
 (eemii^y in a great ptaic; informing hihi, that the 
 Viceroy had eipeiScd hihi up thatdart ,that th« cMm- 
 oil was afTembled. and die tmofit uhdd'arnW ttfjtceive 
 him; and that the Viceroy was highly incenfed at the 
 diiappointment, and had rent the Commodore's Itiwuift 
 to pnfbn, chained, fiippofingliim to be thie' fble cauTe of 
 the contempts Thuplaulible <le gave the Comjjno- 
 dcmneat unoiinds, not at that time fufpefiing any' 
 impofltion; and thousK it i^erwaids afipeared toot 
 all a mere fiute, yet the falfhood was fo Well fupported 
 i^ the artifices m the Chinele merchants, that three 
 days afterwards the Comnwdore received a letter, figned 
 bv all the Supercargoes of the Englifh fhips then at the 
 l^ace, exprelnng their wiealiiMfl at wtet had happened, 
 aind intimating tneir fears.thlt fimte inilJit woiiklttc of- 
 ftred to his boat, if he attempfcdto come to Q^iMii' 
 before the Viceroy was fiill^ fatisficd of the mifiiake. 
 To this letter the Conim^dor^ replied, that' he! did'hot 
 believe there had been a miftake, but was; berftadeid it 
 was'a ibigery Of the ChimK<| to preVqit hw Viming the 
 Viceroy I tlnt,thereibre, he would /^eiiiiitfir cone up' 
 to Canton on the 13th Of OdUbei*, tOnlfidehc that the 
 Chinefe would not dare to Offer hilii any inft^t, as wdl 
 knowing he fhouM want neither power nor inclinatian 
 to make them a proper return. 
 
 On the rjth of Odobcr.the Commodore 6MitinOing 
 firm to hit imlutions, all the S u p^ a igoes 'of tbe Eng- 
 lift), DanUh, and Swedifh Ihipa, clnne'oii board the 
 Ceiiturkm, to accOmpahy him to Caitton, for which 
 
 Elacehe fet out in his batge the fiinne day, attended bv 
 is own boat*, and by thoM of the tTadi^ Aiips; which 
 on this occaiioirwere fait to ausmehthi* nftmie. As 
 he pafTed by Wampo where the EuiObeaii' ydfels hy, he 
 was faluted by all of theth except the FrMcb, and in 
 tile evening he arrived fidefy at CuMon. ! 
 
 The Chmefe merchants, who'amded W appear very' 
 much picafed that he had met with no oppofition in 
 his way, pretended dwt the Viceroy was then lb fiilly 
 employed in preparing his difpatehcs for Peki«|g, that 
 there wu no geniiw ramittaitiietoo hikii biit that they 
 had engaged one of the dIBtetn of his court, u fooQ as 
 he wu at leifure, to notiiy the Commodaie's arrival, 
 and endeavour to fix the audience. Thoi^ the Qmu 
 modore knew this to be a fidfeiiood, yet he fuflered 
 
 II 
 
 himfelf to be perfuaded by the European Supercargoes 
 not to appear to doubt it, provided the Chinefe mer- 
 chants would undertake that hit bread fliould be baked, 
 his meat faked, and his ftores in readlncfs, within the 
 fpace of 40 days; after which time, if the lead article 
 was pretended to be forgotten, he would force his way 
 to the Viceroy, and prefer his complaint. Ouring the in- 
 terval, while the contradlors were endeavouring in ear- 
 ned to fulfil the terms of the agreement on their part, 
 (which by the way they infiAed fhould be paid for in 
 advance on his),,a fire broke out in the fuburbs of Can- 
 ton, which on the firft alarm might eafily have been 
 cxtinguiflied, l^ pulling down fome of the adjoining 
 fheds ; which the ComnK>dore with his officers and crew 
 obferving, were inftantly about to carry into execution; 
 but they were told, that whatever they pulled down 
 
 ' they rtiuft build up^gainat their own expcnce, and that 
 none but a Mandarine mufi prefume to dired upon 
 fuch occafions. The Commodore, on this admonition, 
 difpatched his people to the Ei^lifh fii^lory to afTift 
 them in fecuring their effects, as it was eafy to forefce 
 that no difhinre was fafe from fire, where the common 
 people contented themfelves with gazing at it, and 
 now-and-then holding up an idol or two to extinguifh 
 it. At length, however, a Mandarine came out of the 
 city, with 4 or (OO firemen, who made fome very feeble 
 efrorts to pull down the neiehbounng houfes; but by 
 this time the fire had extended itfelf, and had fpread 
 anwngthe merchants warehoufes, where the Chinefe 
 firemen had neither fpirit nor fkill to encounter it ; fo 
 that it was feared the whole city would have been laid 
 in afhes. In this emergency, the Viceroy vouchfafed to 
 make his appearance, and a mefTage was lent to the Com- 
 modore requefting. hit affiftknce. Accord ingly, he haf. 
 
 ; tencd a fecond time, with about 40 of his people, to thi . 
 
 ; plact where the fire raged with the mofl: violence, and 
 mfi{^tof the whole city performed fuch daring, and, 
 to the people who beheld them, fuch aftonifhing feats, 
 that they kioked upon them as falamanders, and cried 
 
 ' out,' that they coaM live in fire. In truth, it was no un- 
 common thing to fee the boldeft and moflaftive among 
 thetti tumble on the rOofii amidfl the ruins of the houfes 
 
 . which thtrtr Own efibrti had brought down under them. 
 
 : And thus, by their refoiution and agility, the fire was 
 veiy foon fubdued, to the alftonilhment of the Chinefe 
 
 , who were fpedators of the wonders they performed. 
 On this occafion the Swcdilh was the only European 
 fiu^rythat fuflered; yet on my arrival in England, to 
 my no fmaU diverfion, ■ I read in the Paris Gazette, that 
 
 ; the city of Canton had been iiltnoft wholly deftroyed ; 
 
 ] and that, in particular, theEnj^ifh, Dutch, Danifh, and 
 Portu||ueiefiidories, had been burnt down, and almcrfb 
 allVheircffedscortflimedi but that the French fiidtory 
 had providentially efcaped,their goods being all fhipped 
 before the confla^irationreichednie^uartfer allotted for' 
 their rdidence. ' 
 
 Thisfignalafliafencesailteilthe Admilral much re- 
 fpea ; he^was the nextdly waited upOn by the princi- 
 pal inhabitanu with prefcnts and thanks; and foonaf. 
 tcr, a meflikgeeamefrom the Viceroy appointingthc 30th 
 of Novembtr fb^ the day of midience. Being highly 
 pieafed #itH his kftintimAtiOA; he rnftaoily gave orders 
 
 : for the MeefDuy pr^knttions ; andengi^ Mr. Flint, 
 a gentleman belOiMtfAg to theEnghfh fidory, for his 
 interpreteri who, being trained up from his infancy 
 amoag'the Chinefe, fpoke their language fluently, and 
 who wks not afraid to declare with boldtiefs what the 
 Admimil dUiyered Mfn in chaigCi a part which the Chi- 
 nefe interpreters would not luve dared w have per- 
 fbrm«d *ith equal fidefity. 
 
 Oh thediiy amwimcd, at to o'clock, the Commodore 
 and his retinue fet out; and, as he entered the outer gate 
 of the city, he was met by a guard of aoo foldiers. who 
 conduaed him to the great parade befin« the Empc. 
 ror's piihce, in which die Vicnay thensi^itel. where a 
 body of troops to the numberofio,d09 were ^iNiwn up 
 underarms, who made a fine aMMMance, beiiwkU new 
 cloathed Ibr this ceremony. iVrough the mk^le of 
 this body theComihedofc yrittk his retinue inarched to 
 
 (hf 
 
 ^ w 
 
 
 ri 
 
 
 iii 
 
 «f- 
 
 I 
 
368 
 
 !lum«.ui ii»iii .i L. 1. ■' 
 
 Co NT M-O p O NT E 
 
 (aftfi!Wfifd« to» d) A. N S Q n's 
 
 the hail of audience, where.hc f(|iiMKl th« Viceroy farted 
 under a rich canopy in th« Emporor'i chair ofRitK, 
 with all his couiKii of Mandarines auqnding. He w*P 
 teatcd che third in onjcr from the Viceipy, thf clv<^ 
 of the law and trcafury beiiur the only perfore|,reat$d' 
 above him. He then, addreinng himfelftQ the Vice- 
 roy by his interpreter, complained to him of the de- 
 lays he had met with, the mfmcerity of thofe he had 
 employed, the vexatious impolitions of the officers of 
 lihc cultoms, the grievances of the BritiQifMbicf^t and, 
 finally, the lofs fulUined by the Haflii^fiicld Indiarnan,; 
 who had arrivctd tiKrf difmafted but ariew days bcfpre 
 the fire happened, by which the crew hud' been great 
 AifTcrers, and the Captain in particular, who had lo(\ a 
 chell of treafure v^luc 4500 uhel. To the latter ^tick 
 the CoTftmodorc received for aqfwer. that, in (ettliog: 
 the Emperor's cuOqito with tW (nip, tb« Q^puin 
 ])iDuld be confidered^ To the otWrcQin^infk {bC; 
 Ciiommodorc received no. anfwer at all. Andhi^vjng 
 now gone through the feveral articles he had in chaise 
 frpm the company, he entered next iipon his own 
 ;|ffairs, and panicularly conceminK the licence tofhip 
 i|(fhis provilipiH and ftorcs« >vhichi he laid, waifjaU 
 ifc^dy, and the fcafop ^ fai|ing;WM qow fet in.- Th<;! 
 Viceroy repiif:/^ tqttii«k tK*c the Hc«nc( (hould be im- 
 uiedi.'\tcly iflTucd, and that tvety tbiM flwukl be ordered 
 on board the (ollowing day. The Dufmers being now 
 at an end, the Viceroy continued the converfatioi) for 
 lbii>c time on matters of indilfercnce and cvrioi^y i. 
 and, afcf r obfcrving tlf^t th? Centurion h^d b^^lipOg: 
 ^n theucoafl:, hccoocludod wiih>ckn^wl);<j|0ncnijs fofj 
 the fcfvices the Comipodore had midcrDd tFc piipc^ 
 nation by the adiyity of his people 91 thjC late fire> 9(ii^ 
 with wishing hinr a . profpcroiis voyjigp ; tO! Q^v^, 
 Britain. Thu^ happ^)[. concludicd t)m jl<)ng-exp4<3<td : 
 audienccf arid, in pulrftjunpfj ofith?' VJccj^oyV f^h-; 
 mifcs. the provifions :«|r€rp^ ^^^n, tp' bo, (hi|^>^ l^' 
 very next day. ijodnpw ai) theiprapi|rMiQn<iforpuup^ 
 to fea were purfued witk, (b muchiCi|pcdi|iqn, that by 
 the 9th the Centufioa and. her prizctycqe ready tj^ ^Vtm 
 moor, and on the loth paflcdihripMgh the^Socca Tym^j 
 into the open road, anq.qn th'^ 4gth^nichpiT:d ^wrc? 
 the townofMocap.; Whtf< thcjr %.hwc» thflfiprtpiT, 
 gucfc merchants entcr«i^.int»P«^:WKll th(|Qcwft«M/'. 
 dore for the puc^hv'c pf. <he prize, iopr(:Vh|<:b tbey. 
 would give no more thsui 6000 dollarik tl(9Mgh wqrth. 
 double that fum -, but the impatience of fKc Cominot-; 
 dprcto begone, that hq ntight.hjmi^ be.ithe iim<-; 
 fcngcr of h» oiiinigpud fpi^UfK,,^ thflneby pi;c,Hm(i 
 the cnterprizes pftfit ffuvnv tp intcrg^pt hixiVPf«v?Wi 
 cid upon him to ^w^cludc nio boigain t an^t nif-i^fipg:. 
 delivered on the ijtK of December, and the money i^] 
 ceivcd, in the a^crnoon of the fitnte day he boifti^, 
 r^), ;;nd took his depan^re (i/f- his pative home. : C^ ' 
 thfc jfiLoiji^uafy, he c^mfl toh an anchor 00 iFriAce's 1 
 Ifland, in the flraits of Sunda, where he. (Uidtl^e Nfti 
 pait of 6ve.4a)^ tp wf|cd and^wapfu; ai4.mitbir,4th 
 veigiied^nd cpatiiiuc4 his couHc. < From^it^iB timff: 
 till the 2Qth w« jii4!:%l.ai>d fiomVMfithSTtiih.'hd, 
 that I thought it inip9(I^e to nwet wiih Mi M ■, bu- 
 tydes fanqM^ t¥4 f^j^gmoti v«nd> tii% wmiil)i<mP|j 
 direaiy agaiijlljlfc w« »r?W»ki?!«!» pWWiJWilht^OlW^ 
 of New Hollaii4i 894, had it,|«9nMMfd MpMii«&<rP<n! 
 <|ie fame quartet, i)tt(|hkTeqH8lyio|mbli^r.4#>:M>f%. 
 loi^r, we IhoukI ha«t fptfoA it di9cult:mjhaye«}«^ 
 that coafts but, 09 the, lift, th« wind atMOd^.lfHp.th^: 
 wether bc(;»ntj g»o(J^iWe, , iQft thP imhcrt>»/«»(!Jfl-> 
 wind &t inland j<KC t)K»pi)Qi^ieaM!«P m^JSti^iYfif^ 
 thehighjI^alaf.rHjn., ...n ; n ..I; ^ • w^iqisiiu 5i)n 
 On the 22d of February, «: hrff. tft^r, fpw b», «*: 
 morning, 1 tiiftyivercd a comci M , th«| KaSly*rA, aQT 
 the horvMp, bftpgi as I judged.iwly «inf;rgfd, fr9W 
 cIk fun's rays. {t^.t^lw««j»t,}hi« liipc «lpout io4>V„ 
 il> length I ^tf'm^cCmi^ ^<^nig|ptJtiiwrm(iE4i^ 
 c^nded itfclf tprMPr >((i»<)«g6nh ,|ta bfa,4:«nPfarf4i 
 very large J^ndb«^lft; ffrtirlWhtnlPicp.-^pfetcUWfc 
 Kl^ve ,per<;fiived, 4t-ii)yMR ?li*<ej fya. ^a» bec«)n4m>>S{i« 
 diameter above the hojHjion. The next xm$ h pMerved 
 its ^iftjBS?fypm.Jti«:-pljW« Yj9««; Ifr'b* a6.d«f. SP 
 
 n»in. following the order of the planetii but not having 
 inltrMmuimj^iloMjr for tsJ^i^ altitude* witlwut a very 
 obvious f?n(*le/honjWft,rwas prevented fiom mqMns 
 lWn^V»WloWob^^ Prom thU time. ;iU the 
 
 6j(H o(f mtfK vn M B«*M w^fnh**, with few ex« 
 W)tipn^t,buj on,,th«*n() ^thq.tbfise foljowi^g dws; 
 being near the C»pR of Good Hope, we had Ibmc boif- 
 tcrous (tprmst yef,,Awhen, we arrived at Table-bay, on. 
 the iith, the j^h luvw not that any fuchhad hap-i 
 poncd. Wefiw4ridinBhefRf»v^liA^paa.India- 
 mcn, the 5»ljlburjr an4 Warwick, each of which falutcd 
 us >Kiith 13 gans,and!wp returned I A. yife alfo found 
 five Dutch fliipa, one of which having, m Admiral; 
 a flagat hismaiMop-'nasai-h<Wld,/aluted uswith 9 guns^, 
 to wTiich we returned 7. At ,n fH nigbt ^i^ prted our , 
 beft bpww ;Cable and hawfe^ bot.lf,(^>»«^i^j|j were very- 
 rotten, an4 tbffiMXt dayfnppi^anjn wi^(i;i|hcr*,pur-! 
 dwfcd frw the Dutch, UtffiMS9fm9^oKc(HU>^ 
 tmvedMll thebcgmwng pf AprJ, h^«#iig^tcd witl?; 
 t|)- place, and during his Itay/entarecJijib^iut.^o.new: 
 men. On the 3d of May, Juvit^ ,gq^plcate(| ow- 
 w«er and proyifions, we , 0^ ;^t (JWi W<!«8»ed *n4,put 
 t« fea. On the igotb of ^pri| ^ m%^W4thin%fa^ of 
 th?,ifland of St. Hvlcn?,^wblchi ivrnfevci; wc did, not, 
 vifrt. , pn the a^th we caught jop bpard ihc Oiip.^! 
 fnake thfH mcafufcd in jcngth fix feet and t. o incUesj, 
 whi^h pifr Airgeoiv on examination, pronounced to bo 
 
 Krfcdly hf rinlf:fii. It wa? f^ppoftd; tO) lae brought on^ 
 ard with pHf wppd,.»t Prifa;p Iflandt m the ftraits of. 
 Suijdii..; , The 39!th, ,bci,ng l^rc the »yiij4 with ^. 
 fincbr^jw, and ^ geafh^ ^n, a viplcnf, and ,fuddc», 
 fquatltookus a-head* threw all the (hip*s fails ^back^, 
 carricdawayher fore-top^-fail yar4,fplit,the foi;6,fail,thi, 
 foijC-top-lail, thjE fore-top-gallant-fail, and themiazeiv 
 an4:na^zsfnHi«p'-fn>^ r Kjnng this; fquall the;ffijp Jaid. 
 qffM'9iW'Y:iWcJ?i..«Wwf w«ie.in,th^ utB[>oftjdangw 
 <lW»^.nWW.'?J¥riiMI)by the bpar^lfc bjit-p^qyiaeMiaUj^ 
 ,^pjfi^wid»prtt,AiBhc»^,a|i>age„. ,h.l,- ivif ; ;.m , 
 Tbf 9th of June, to the evening,, if hfrifi^atthick fog^. 
 wjcoiia fiidjdeiiia* a fiiip clolc by. us.! wc fired a-ibocj 
 s^vi,1irpugH^l herto. She«roved,anvEn)g^P4 (^^p from 
 Aoiftfp^BiiWibpiwifi. ifrf.Jpiila^e^^ifijor ^l^vi^ w>d|,: 
 P*J»«i^.«»?igWi»t: -^ g»v<:,MS tJK;,M: noti(;c .ojj «, 
 VffcW>»h*itw», ;J|R44yfl(^d on Vfvovagfi,,^^ 
 lOthpf Jpne )^q.T<mip|intO' fou^dii^ -Tine ii,tb„ at 
 half paft eleven, li^ tbc qtcfpffiu, «e .(^ifcpyjqrf^ f^^ff 
 Cjul, afidap pi^in the iM^iPif)^^ W^kfyyith onc,of them^ 
 ■ iwaiPW^AIW f*5OT P^bM»Ui,,^t th^ |annfti|«m<;,j 
 
 .ff>t«l« w»Hnih»*.^»rl«P fihacf .pfiti^^jqtljliw.. ^^ 
 
 .ky'fj i«w54v«w.4jB,<i^i|pM^ tn fci(S»|t; Af uh ^vi 
 
 Id frapnuf wjith all thl^ f»||^A>l»<ou<d ctpwd. W^' 
 gaypdiace tpherfor,|lb(H^l1^^feJ^s^,- w^fin^ii^ 
 
 MfF mm 
 
 CPV«!r!,5 
 
 •i.yw»* 
 
 aiterwai 
 d«#:tr 
 
 _ -ftrflitcfic^'jiu,, wl;^»9n(»i 
 
 , tlnvv.o^oaKftri^eMiaUy dc^) 
 
 9^«?We iP/ TO«rWt» fwe, w«aw( 
 
 :re -|w^ ^ Fn^och (Iff t of , cpnTi., 
 
 On,!t^e ifj^ <rf^ Q^ml 
 
 ,.^»?W<*iWRj h»(*i«»W»4Vff>t4aile« 
 
 ., <if»;>Hp)¥3ii.'^5«'Wijf|efme, o<^^^^ tW) 
 
 UW Pf iWijlht, yeh ^yVrf jjunmfr^ another which .wa» 
 dJftbledj4|jiilk«iBB^f^lilU:fi»»p proved the S^la^i 
 
 «B«ide5irtj»%r.:JHm<ifcif»'J<* FiW^-j p<?44*.>C> 
 
 ^ffim^^i'^^iasmbi'^'^ Mift-ba? is of,th^t 
 
 WBLWjfflftpWft^te^'WW weighed, ■»?>4fg^li1l 
 anchored at ^tilkMi > SlVHtiFf mm'^ *,\(m ?«4, 
 B*4KftS««».l)^l»**;b^»^/)»Wf4.ihr«« yn nine 
 
 »nonthfc,^5;Rtavjng^by,Hff i^vf n^. *s,Mrr Wajtcr ob- 
 
 
 
 ,'WitW,,¥w}y,.2iic fi^ 
 
 ,f^^d,rprefy.,^ ofjftor- 
 
 awri 
 
 ". ' •' ■• I. 
 
 .jvoyiige to .a, 
 
 conclufion. 
 

 at 
 
 ZtiulmnUMMfKdrmMffftU 
 
 HU-SliiftdirmA y'i*mmi,'\rfrr/frii'. 
 
 ■it 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 . ■m 
 
V O Y A G E ROUND the W O R L D. 
 
 3^9 
 
 conclufion.it may, perhaps, be expected that v.c fhould 
 give fome account of the SpaniOi fquadron, which we 
 have more than once had occaJlon to mention, and 
 which was to near intercepting the Commodore at fira 
 fcttine out, that, had the Spanifh Admiral cruifcd to 
 the eaftward of the ifland of Madeira, inftcad of the 
 weftward of it, the two fleets muft have certainly met ; 
 and. in that cafe, whatever had been the event of the 
 aftion. the progrefs of the voyage muft have been effec- 
 tually prevented. - . , ^ «. „ • n.- 
 
 This fquadron was compofed of the following Ihips : 
 the Afia, of 66 guns. 700 men, commanded by Don 
 Jofeph Fizarro, as Admiral ; the Guipufcoa. 74 K"""' 
 7CX3 men 1 the Hermiona, 54 gui". 50° men ; the hfpc- 
 ranza. 50 guns, 450 men; tTic Eftcvan. 40guns,350 
 men : and a patache of 10 guns, 1 10 men 1 and oyer and 
 above this complement, they had on board an old bpa- 
 ni(h repimeni of foot, intended to reinforce their gar- 
 rifons in the South Seas, and to counterbalance the land 
 forces that it was known were intended to be put on 
 board the Commodore. . ,. • , u 
 
 When this fleet had cruifed, as has been faid, to the 
 leeward of Madeira, till they were in a manner certain 
 that the Commodore, had either paffcd by, or deferred 
 his voyage, their Admiral determined to purfuc his in- 
 ftrudlions. and continue his courfe to the South Seas ; 
 but firft, it was neceflary to fleer to the coaft of Brazil 
 to recruit his provifions, being vidlualled only for tour 
 months, and more than two of the four being already 
 elapfed. , . . / 
 
 Accordingly, about the b(^inning of November, 
 1740, he quitted his ftation off the Madeiras, and, on 
 the Jth of January following, arrived at the river of 
 Plate; where coming to an anchor m the bayofMal- 
 dando, he fent immediately to Buenos Ayres tor a 
 
 "^hile they lay here, they received intelligence, by 
 the treachery of the Portuguefe Governor of St. Cathc- 
 rinc's. of the Commodore's arrival at that port, and ot 
 the weak condition he was then in; but, whatever were 
 his reafons, Pizarro declined making any other ufe ot 
 this intelligence, than haftcning his pr^arations to 
 double the cape, which he hoped to effect before the 
 Commodore was in rcadinefs to follow him. With 
 this view, after refrefliing his crew, and recruiting his 
 water he inftantly fet fail without waiting (or his pro- 
 viiion's (which, however, arrived a day or two after he 
 fet faiW. rightly concluding, that if he got the ftart of 
 the Commodore in the South Seas, he (liould not only 
 alarm thecoaft, but fo ftrengihen the forts againft the 
 attacks of the enemy, as effedually to baffle their de- 
 figns. by depriving them of the means of procuring 
 neceffaries. But, notwithftanding this precipitation. 
 the Commodore put to fca four days before him. and, 
 in fome part of the paffage round the Cape, the fleets 
 were fo near each other, that the Pearl, as has been faid, 
 being feparated in a ftorm, ran within gun-fliot of the 
 Afia, before (he found her miftake. 
 
 It was with the utmoft difficulty, and not without 
 confiderable rewards, that the Spanilh failors were pre- 
 vailed upon to undertake the pairage round Cape Horn 
 at that tempeftuous feafon : however, being once en- 
 ^ged. they continued to perfevcre, till by the latter 
 end of February they had run the length of the Cape, 
 and were turning to the wcftward. when a ftorm atofe, 
 in which the Guipufcoa, Hermiona, and Efperanza, loft 
 fight of the Admiral, and on the 6th of March the 
 Guipufcoa was feparated from the other two. On the 
 7th the ftorm increafed, and by its itrefiftiblc violence 
 drove the whole fouadron to the eaftward, and, after 
 Several unfuccefsful efforts, obliged them to return to 
 Ate coaft of Brazil, where the Afia took ftlelter in the 
 river of Plate, and about the middle of May was joined 
 by the Efperanza and Eftevan ; the Hermiona having, 
 as was fuppofed, foundered at fea. as flie was never 
 more heard of, and the Guipufcoa being run aftiore and 
 funk on the coaft of Brazil. The patache, wc ftiould 
 have obferved, was condemned before they quitted the 
 coaft of Bi, -.1, and her crew diftributed among the 
 other fliipst fo that of the fix ftiips of whidi this 
 
 N0.4S. 
 
 fquadron orijjinally confiltcd, there now on'y remained 
 three, and tnofe in a inoft mifcrable coi]diii»>n; for; 
 thougii It docs ftot appear, that the Spaniards were ftf 
 feverciy vilited with that moft fatal difcafc the fca-fcu'r* 
 vy, which carried off fo many of the Lnglifli in thU 
 paffagc\ yet they were reduced by famine to fuch infi*. 
 nite diftrcft, that rats, when they could be caught, were 
 fold for four dollars a>piecc ; and a failor. who died on 
 board, had liis death concealed for ftvcral dnys by |ii» 
 brother, who during that time lay in the fame hartii 
 mock with the ilead cbrpfe, only to receive the dead 
 man's allowance. , , 
 
 In this dreadful fituation. they were alarmed bythtf 
 difcovery of a confpiracy among the foldicrs on board 
 the Afia, to murder the .\dmiral, and all the ftiip'a 
 crew, originating from no other motive but that of ap- 
 propriating the whole rtock of provifions to thecon- 
 fpiratorsown proper ufe. But this pl/rt was prevented, 
 when juft upon the point of execution, by means of the 
 pricQ on bo.»rd, who, having taken the confefiion of one 
 of the conrpinitorH as he lay at the point of death, pur-* 
 fued proper mcafurcs to defeat their bloody purpofes, 
 and to bring three of the ring-leaders to condign pu- 
 nifiiment. 
 
 But, though this combination failed of its effeO:, 
 there were other diftreffes that multiplied upon them, 
 and which could not be prevented. Hunger and thirft, 
 the niriH dreadful of all other calamities, daily became 
 more grievous ; the ftiips grew continually more and 
 more leaky, and the men lets able to ftaiid at the pumps 1 
 nothing was to be feen biit defpondency in every coun- 
 I nance; nothing heard but lamentations and com- 
 plaints, which were embittered by the abfolute impoft: 
 fibility of relieving them. Under the weight of theft 
 affcding ciicumftanccs, the Afia was near finking, 
 when Ihc arrived at Monte Vedio with fcarce half her 
 crew alive. The Eftevan, when flic anchored in the 
 bay of Barragan, had In like manner loft about the fame 
 number of her hands; but, what was ftill worfc, and 
 is almoft incredible, the Efperanza, out of a crew of 4J0 
 feamen which flie brought from Spain, had only j 8 that 
 reached the ftiore, and the whole regiment of loldiers, 
 60 men only excepted, peri Hied. 
 
 Being now in want of all kinds of neceffaries, mafts, 
 yards, rigfring, provifions.and money, Pizarrodifpatched 
 an cxprcfs overland to St. Jago, in Chili, to be from 
 thenre forwarded to the Viceroy of Peru, defiring A 
 remittance of 200,000 dollars; and what muft aftonifti 
 the reader is. that the Indian who was charged with 
 this difpitcii, though in the depth of winter, when the 
 Cordilleras are judged impallhble by reafon of the 
 fnnw. was only ij days in his journey from Bucnot 
 Ay^es to St. Jago. places diftant from each other 300 
 Spanifh leagues. At the fame time an advice-boat was 
 fent with a letter of credit to Rio Janeiro, to purchafc 
 what vas wanting of the Portuguefe; but neither the one 
 nor thv^ other of thcfedifpatches fucceeded to the wifh 
 of the Spanilh Admiral. The Viceroy, inflead of 
 200,000 dollars, fent him only 100,000; and the Portu- 
 guefe, inftead of fiirnilhing him with mafts and yards, 
 the principal articles of naval ftorcs that he wanted, 
 fpared him only fome pitch, tar, and cordage, with 
 which he was obliged to oe contented : but a more mor* 
 tifying difappointment he had ftill to fuffer; for a car- 
 penter, whom, after the return of the money, he had 
 triiftcd with a confiderable funt, and whom he had 
 fent up into the country of Paraguay to cut mafts, in- 
 ftead of profecuting the bufinefs with which he was en- 
 truftcd, married in the country, and fettled out of his 
 rea.h, rcfufing to return. 
 
 In this dilemma, the only thing that could be done, 
 was, to (hift the mafts of the Efperanza into the Afia, 
 and to fit up the Eftevan with what fparc mafts and 
 yards they could mufter, and with thefe two fliips to 
 hazard a fecond attempt to double Cape Horn, as it 
 was now fummcr, and the weather lefs fevere. But a 
 certain fatality feemed to prefide over every part of this 
 unfortunate'^expcdition. The Eftevan, as ftie was com- 
 ing down the river Plate, ran on a ftioal and beat off 
 her rudder; and the Afia, though ftic procec4^ alqne 
 S A with. 
 
 
 ■HIi 
 
 ' 1, 
 
 i 
 
 :l ■ :-•" 
 
 k 
 I 
 
 
v$70 
 
 •rmm' 
 
 Commodore (alterwardi L, o r d) A N S O N's V O Y AGE. 
 
 with moderate weather and a favourablc^^lc, yet when 
 (he came to the height of Cape Horn, anii was tack- 
 jng to change her cogrft to the ucflward, by foinc iiiif- 
 conduifl in wearing the (hip, rolled away her mafts, 
 »nd Mos a fecond time forccn back to the river of Plate i 
 from whence Fizarro undertook to crofs the continent 
 by land, and with foinc difficulty accompliihed his 
 dcfign. 
 
 By this time Don Mindinuetta, Captain of the Gui- 
 pufcoa, wrecked, as has been faid, on the coaft of Br:w- 
 zil, arrived, with thofe of his crew who efcaped, at the 
 place of gcncrni rciuiexvous; and, finding the Efpe- 
 ranza without malls, applied a fecond time to the Por- 
 tuguefe, by whofe aniHance he completed her repair, 
 and, in 1741, doubled the Cape, and arrived in the 
 South Seas, where he was met by Pizarro, who claimed 
 the command of the Efperanza, which Mindinuein 
 difputing, an irrcconrilcaDle quarrel arofc between the 
 two Commanders, which the Viceroy of Peru in Vain 
 endeavoured to reconcile. In 1 74J, they both returned 
 over land to the coaft of Brazil, where they found the 
 Afia ftill in a fhattcred condition. This fliip, how- 
 ever, they determined to carry to Europe, and, with 
 this view, they fitted her up in the bcft manner they 
 could; and, having manned her partly with Portu- 
 
 fuefe, partly with F.nglifli prifoners, and p;iitly with 
 paniards, together with lomc Indians whom they 
 forced out of the country, ihey fet fail from Monte 
 Vcdio for Europe aboi;t the beginning of Novem- 
 ber; but they had not been lone at fca before the In- 
 dians, eleven in number, formed a confpiracy to de- 
 ftroy the Spaniards, and to regain their liberty, in 
 which they had hopes of being joined by the Englilh 
 and Portugucfc, whom the Spaniards- ufcd with great 
 infolcnce. At the head of this confpiracy was their 
 Chief Orellana; and one evening, about nine o'clock, 
 he and his companions came all together on the quar- 
 ter-deck, and drew towards the door of the great cab- 
 bin. The boatfwain immediately reprimanded them, 
 and ordered them to be gone ; on this Orellana fpoke to 
 his followers in his native language, when four of them 
 drew off, two towards each gangway, and the Chief and 
 the renuining fix feemed to be (lowly quitting the 
 quarter-deck. When the detached Indians had taken 
 polTeflion of the gang-way, Orellana placed his hands 
 hollow to his mouth, and bellowed out the war-cry 
 ufed by thofe favages. This was the fignal for begin- 
 ning the maflacre; accordingly, the fix, with their 
 Chief, w4io ranained on the quaitor-dcck, falUfig fud- 
 
 ?5? 
 
 denly on the Spaniards who were intermingled with 
 them, laid near forty of them at their feet, of which 
 above twenty were killed on the fpot, and the rn-U dT. 
 abled. Many of the officers, in the beginning of the 
 tumult, puflied into the great cabbin, where they put 
 out the lights, and barricadoed the door; whilft of the 
 reft, fome endeavoured to cfcapc along the gang-way* 
 into the forecaftic, where the Indians placed on pur- 
 pofe dabbed the grcateft part of them as they attempted 
 to pafs by j others threw themfctves into the waftc, and 
 thought thcmfelvcs fortunate to lie concealed amongft 
 the cattle; but the grcatefl part efcaped up the main- 
 flirouds, and (heltercd thcmfelvcs either in the tops or 
 the rigging; and though the Indians pttackcd only the 
 (luaitcr-deck, yet the watch in the forecaftic finding 
 their commuitication cut off. in the utmoft terror like- 
 wife gave alt over for loft, and in great confufion ran 
 up into the rigging of the fore-maft and bowfprir. 
 But when the Inaians had intircly cleared the Quarter- 
 deck, the timiult in a great meaUiie fubfided; tor, not 
 being joined, as they expcded, by either the EngliHi or 
 Portugucfc, they could not purfue their advantage by 
 carrying thcdiforder into thofe quarters to which they 
 had driven the Spaniards, who thereby gained time for 
 rccolleiflion; and, on finding none concerned in the 
 plot but the Indians, they refolved to attack them in 
 their turn en the quarter-deck. With this view, Pi- 
 zarro and his officers ventured to half-open the cabbin- 
 door, which Orellana attempting to force, was fliot 
 dead by Mindinuetta; on which his faithful followers, 
 abandoning all thoughts of further reliftance, inftantly 
 leaped into the fca. Thus was this infurredlion quelled, 
 and the Spaniards fuffered afterwards quietly to pro- 
 ceed on their voyage ; and, about the beginning of 1 746, 
 they arrived fafe in Spain, after having been abfent bc- 
 twcen four and five years. 
 
 By this unfortunate expedition the naval force of Spain 
 was much weakened : they loft in it 3000 of their beft 
 failors, one whole regiment of veteran foldiers, four 
 ftout (hips of war, and a patache; for we have ob- 
 ferved that the Hcrmiona foundered at feS; the Gtti- 
 pufcoa was ftranded and funk on the coaft of Brazil; 
 the St. Eftcvan was condemned and broke up in the 
 river of Plate; and the Efperanza, being carried into 
 the South Seas, was unable to redouble the Cape, or to 
 return back ; fo that the Afia alone may be regarded as 
 all the remains of that fquadron with which Pizarro fuft 
 put to fca. * 
 
 ANEW, 
 
 ;(. 
 
4« 
 
 A NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT of 
 
 ^ VOYAGE Round the WORLD, 
 
 UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMED 
 
 By Sir FRANCIS DRAKE, in the Pelican, 
 
 HAVING UNDER HIS COMMAND 
 
 The Elizabeth, Marygold, Swan, and Chriftopher Frigates: 
 Performed in the Years 1577, 1578, 1579, and 1580. 
 
 5S-8S 
 
 BEFORE wc proceed to the relation of the particu- 
 lar Voyages that charaderizc the navigators who 
 firftfurrounded the globe, and who immortahzed their 
 names by their fkill and their courage, it may be cx- 
 pc^ed that we Ihould give fomc account of their fami- 
 lies and firft fctiingout, the diftinguiftied marks of ge- 
 nius that led them to prefer the fatigues and dangers of 
 a fca-farinjr life to learned eafe, or the calm purfuit of 
 lefs hazardous employments; and that wc {hould trace 
 the ftcps by which they rofe to eminence by thcii bra- 
 very and their condudl. 
 
 The bare narration of the incidents recorded in a 
 linglc voyage, however memorable, would convey but a 
 very imperfcd knowledge of the general charader of 
 thofe renowned heroes, who carried the gbry of their 
 country to the remoteft regions of the earth. We (hall, 
 therefore, endeavour to follow them as they advance to 
 fame, ai\,d accompany, them from their higheft eleva- 
 vation to that period when all diftindions are levelled. 
 
 The celebrated mariner, of whom we are now to give 
 an account, was fon to Edmund Drake, a gentleman 
 of Taviftoke, in Dcvonfhirc, who, being inclined to 
 the doftrine of the Proteftants, at that time much op- 
 pofed by Q. Mary, was obliged to quit his place of rc- 
 lidencc, and retire to Med way, in Kent j where, after 
 that Queen's death, he was firft appointed Chaplain in 
 the royal navy, and afterwards Vicar of Upnor. In 
 thcfe employments, his appointmonts being fmall, and 
 his family large, he owed the education of feveral of 
 his children to the kindncfs of his relations, and that, 
 in particular, of Francis, the eldeft of twelve, to Sir 
 John Hawkins; under whom, as it appears, he very 
 early diftinguilhcd himfclf, and laid the foundation both 
 of his fame and his fortune. 
 
 The learned Camden, indeed, informs us, that he 
 was put apprentice to the ii^after of a fmall trading 
 veflcl, in whofe fervice he behaved fo well, that his mai- 
 ler, dying a batchclor, left him his veflel as a reward 
 for his diligence : but Stowc, who fecms better informed, 
 reprefents nim in a fuperior light ; tells us, that Francis 
 RulTcl, afterwards Duke of Bedford, was his godfa- 
 ther; and that Sir John Hawkins was his near relation. 
 What Camden relates of Francis may, however, be 
 true of his brother ; for there were no lefs than four 
 who were bred to the fea. 
 
 Be this as it may, the firft entcrprizc of confequence, 
 in which wc find him engaged, was in a voyage tm the 
 
 Weft-Indies, as Captain of the Judith, under his re- 
 lation already mentioned. Thofe iflands, having but 
 lately been difcovered, and very little frequented by the 
 Englifh, were thought fo much to abound in wealth, 
 that no voyager thither could fail of being recompcnfed 
 with great advantages. Nothing was talked of among 
 the mercantile or adventurous part of mankind but the 
 beauty and riches of the new world. Frefh difcoveries 
 were frequently made; new countries and nations, never 
 heard of before, were daily defcribed; and it mayeafily 
 be concludtd, that the relators did not lefTen the merit 
 of their difcoveries, by fupprefling or diminifhing any 
 circumftance that might produce wonder, or excite 
 curiofity. 
 
 This was the age of enterprize and difcovcry; and 
 her Majefty encouraged the ardour of her fubieds by 
 furnifhing lliips and commilFions to fuch officers of 
 diftindion in her royal navy as were willing to engage 
 in hazardous purfuits. 
 
 The projctiis, however, that were formed, were not 
 always fucccfsfully carried into execution; they were 
 frequently defeated by the ignorance of the adventur- 
 ers, but more often by the malice of the Spaniards, 
 who, from the firft difcovcry of America; conftdered 
 every other nation that attempted to follow them, as in- 
 vaders of their rights, and incroachers on their terri- 
 tories. At that time, however, ais now, it was no un- 
 common thing for thofe who went in fearch of new 
 difcoveries, to carry on a kind of contraband trade with 
 the newfcttlers; which, though prohibited by the Crown 
 of Spain, was yet countenanced by the Viceroys and 
 Governors : but even thefe would fomctimes take advan- 
 fige of the power lodged in their hands, and make 
 prize of the profits of the voyage, underprctcnceof an 
 illicit trade. 
 
 Among thofe who fuffcred moft by the injufticc of 
 the Viceroys, was Sir John Hawkins; who, having 
 ftruck out a new trade, highly advantageous to the par- 
 ties concerned, though' difgraceful to humanity, fup- 
 plied the Mexican Spaniards with flaves from Africa, 
 and received from them, in return, large remittances in 
 gold and lilvcr. This was connived at, though wc dp 
 not find that it was abfolutely tolerated by the Spanifh 
 court. 
 
 It wis, however, after one of thofe fuccefsful voy- 
 ages, in which we find two of the Queen's fhips en- 
 gaged (namely, the Jefus, commanded by Hawkins, as 
 
 Admiral; 
 
372 
 
 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'i VQYA C E S . 
 
 i 
 
 Admiral i and the Minion, •( which Captain John 
 Hampton wai Commander i with four otner armed 
 trading (hip*, famong which was the Judith, Captain 
 Drake), that, bcine driven by Rrtft of weather into 
 the port of St. John d'Ulloa, in the bay of Mexico, 
 they were there waiting ibr a fupply of provifioni, 
 when the ^a(li(h fleet from Europe arrived, confifting 
 of 1 3 fall, richly laden with European merchandize, and 
 on board of which wa» a new Viceroy, 
 
 As the port wai then abfolutely in the power of the 
 Englifli, It was debated, among the principal officers, 
 whether the Spanifli fleet (hould befuffercd toenteri as 
 their Admiral fufpeifled, that, if they were admitted, 
 they would contrive fomc means of dinrefllnghimi and 
 if they were not, they tnud perifliat fcai an event that 
 would certainly bring on a war, — a confequencc he 
 could by no meant juftify. 
 
 Upon mature deliberation, it was, therefore, judged 
 fafeft to propofe an agreement with the Viceroy, to 
 which he confented, and by which it was Oipulated, 
 that the Englifli fliould hold one (ide of the harbour, 
 and the Spaniards the other; and that hoflagc^ fliould 
 be given on both iidcs, that no injury fliould oe done to 
 either. But it was fimn difcovcred, that, though on 
 the part of the Englifli, fix gentlemen were fcnt, yet, on 
 that of the Spaniards, the noflagct were only common 
 men. finely drcfTcd. This gave caufc of diflruflj yet 
 the Engliln. naturally honcfl, were not fufiiciently on 
 their guard. 
 
 The Spaniards for fome wecki behaved with feeming 
 cordiality; mutual civilities pafTed between the officers 
 of both nations; and the Englifli having fupplicd their 
 wants, were preparing to depart, when, all of^ a fudden, 
 at a (ignal given, the Spaniards alTaulted their fliips as 
 the oi^cers were at dinner, boarded the Minion by a 
 concealed ambufcadc, which, however, was repulfed 
 with lofs, and then a general maflacre enfued. The 
 Englifli who were on fhore were all put to death ; three 
 bf the four trading (hips were prcfently funk; and the 
 Minion and Jefus were fo cmbarrafTcd by their moor- 
 ings, that it was almofl a whole hour before they could 
 be placed in a pofture of defence; which, however, was 
 at [aft cffedled. They then returned the attack with fo 
 much fury, that the Spanifh Vice- Admiral was foon blown 
 up, and in her periflied 300 men ; and not long after 
 the Spanifli Admiral himfelf was funk. The Spaniards, 
 in revenge, fct two of their (hips on fire to burn the 
 Minion and Jefus, the firfl of which fet fail and ef- 
 capcd; but the Jefus, after fliifting her crew on board 
 the Judith, fell a.vi<ilim with the reft to Spanifli trea- 
 chery. 
 
 In the night, the Judith having made her efcape, en- 
 dcavoured,liut in vain, to join the Minion; ana being 
 only a bark of jo tons, alone, on a hoflile coafl, crouded 
 with men, and having only provifions on board for her 
 own flendercrew, a mutiny arofe among the mariners, 
 and by ^r the greateft number inlifled on being put on 
 fliore, chufing rather to take their chance among the 
 lavages, than to remain on board to flarvc at fea, or 
 again to fall into the power of the mcrcilefs Spaniards. 
 
 Accordingly, Capuin Hawkins, gave every man 
 his choice, either to land on the continent, or fail with 
 him, and flwre his fate. About too of the floutcft 
 fcamcn chofe the former ; of whom five only lived to 
 return to England. Thefe gave an account, that, on 
 their landing, the natives, miflaking them for Spa- 
 niards, fell upon them fuddenly, and killed eiglit of 
 their number; that, after they were known to be ene- 
 mies to the Spaniards, they were ufed with kindnefs ; 
 that, however, being tired of living among favages, 
 they agreed to part, and feek the means of^returning 
 home; fome diredled their courfeto the northward, and 
 watched the opportunity of fcizing a fmall vefTc:, and, 
 crofTmg the Gulph, traverfed an immcnfe trad^ of land, 
 till they arrived at a French fenlement in the Norths of 
 thofe who travelled weftward, which was by ht the 
 greateft part, fixty-fivc fell into the hands of the Spa- 
 niards, and fufferedl various torments from the Inquifi- 
 tion, three Were burnt alive, and two only furvived to 
 2 
 
 reach their own country. Of thofe who followed Ike 
 other courf;, five found means, after enduring incre- 
 dible hardfliipa, to get to NovftiJ^qHa, /if whom thice 
 were brought fafe to Enghind in French nierchait 
 (hips. 
 
 It wat in the abow cn^u^^emeiw that Capuin Drake 
 firfl diftinguiflied himfelfi and to Ihis judicious cnn. 
 durt, that tnofc who efcaped from the Jefus owed thet 
 prefervation. The Judith had the good fortune to ai. 
 rive fafe in England, having purchafcd fumcprovifiori 
 onthe Iflandof Cuba; but what became of^the Mh 
 nion we have not been able to learn. 
 
 In this expedition Sir John Hawkins loft an Immenfe 
 (iim. It was in vain to make complaint to hit lovew 
 rw'ian of the infradlion of the peace. The Spanifli mi. 
 niflcr vindicated the* injufliccof the Viceroy; and tht 
 Queen, tho' ftie fecretly rcfentcd the loft of her ftiipi, 
 could not openly abett the illicit trade carried on by 
 her fervants. 
 
 Drake, who (hared in the misfortune of his relation, 
 pofleflcd both his fpirit and his induftrv. He did not 
 fit down to lament the lofs he had fuftained; but, hav- 
 ing acquired fomc degree of credit by hit gallant be- 
 haviour, and fome knowledge of the weaknefs and 
 wealth of his enemies, he determined to profit by hia 
 lofTcs, and to make rcprifals whenever a fair opportu- 
 nity (hould offer. 
 
 It was no diflicult matter to engage new adventurers 
 in new projcdis in thofe early days of Mexican com- 
 merce, and Drake was not long before he raifed a fund 
 to begin trade on a new footing. In 1 570 he made hit 
 firfl expedition, chiefly on hit own account, with two 
 (hips, the Dragon anu the Swan ; and the next year in 
 the Swan alone; in both which voyages he enlarged hia 
 experience, but it does not appear that he repaired hia 
 loft. 
 
 In 1 572 he found meant, however, to fit out a much 
 greater force, in order to carry into execution an enter- 
 prife which he had meditated, not only to rcinftatc his 
 fortune, but to revenge the treachery of his enemiet. 
 
 About this time war was agitating between England 
 and Spain, to which it mull be confeffed the illicit 
 trade carried on to the Spani(h fettlements not a little 
 contributed. He, therefore, fet fail from Plymouth in 
 the Pafcha,a letter of marque (hip, of 70 tons, accom- 
 panied by the Swan of 50 tons, the command of which 
 lie entrufted to his brother John ; in both which (hipt 
 he had embarked 73 choice men, with a year's provi- 
 fions, and fuch warlike flores and ammunition as he 
 judged neceflary for the enterprize he had in view. He 
 had, likewife, the precaution to take with him the 
 frames of two or three fmall pinnaces, that, if any ac- 
 cident (bould befal either of his iSirger (hips, he might 
 have it in his power to prcferve the crew without being 
 driven to the nece(fity of leaving any of them behind 1 
 a precaution which experience had uught him in the 
 unfortunate voyage of his kinfman Sir John. But 
 this was not the only ufc for which he forefaw thefe 
 fmall vefTels would be wanted, as will appear in the 
 fequcl. 
 
 With this warlike force, inconfiderable at it may ttow 
 appear, he cleared the land of England on the 1 2th of 
 May, I j 72; and, the weather continuing fiiir, and tl^e 
 wind favourable, on the 29th of June he pa(red be- 
 tween Dominica and Guadaloupt, and on tlie 6th of 
 July came in fight of the high land of Santa Mirtha; 
 then continuing his courfe to the fouthward,on the 1 5th 
 of the fame mc:ich both (hips arrived at Fort Pheafant, 
 which lay at a convenient diflancc from Nombre de 
 Dios, the place of their deftination. 
 
 Here he propofed to build his pinnacet, and wat go* 
 ing a-(hore with a few men unarmed ; when, difcovenng 
 almokeatadiftance, he made the fignal for another 
 brat to fellow him with an armed force. Being joined 
 by thit teinforcement, he marched towardt the fire, 
 where he found a plate of lead nailed to a tree, with an 
 infcription engraven upon it by one Garret, an Englifli 
 man, who hadleft that place a day or two before, and 
 had uken that method of informing him that the Spa- 
 niards 
 
To the South sea ami R <^ i; N I) the W O R I. D. 
 
 373 
 
 niirdi had brrn >dvertirr(l of hi* intended vilit, rind 
 of hi* rendezvous ut thnt port; «n<l that, thereluie, it 
 would be prudent for him to make but a very Ihort 
 ftay. 
 
 Drake, furprized, no doubt, at the newi, but »t the 
 fame time knowing how convenient this plarc was for 
 hii deltgn*, and confiderinf^ that the hazard, nnd walk- 
 of tine, which could not be avoided in fccking ano. 
 ther flation, wa« equivalent to any other danger which 
 was to be apprehended from ttie Spaniards, cletcrmin.il 
 to follow hii firft refolution ; only, for his greater kat- 
 rity, he ordered a kind of nallifade or fortification to 
 be made, by frlling a number of large trees, and hiy. 
 ing the trunks and branciiet one acrofs another, on an 
 elevated fpot that commanded the river. This done, 
 he fci the carpenter* to work i and while they were i iii- 
 ployed in putting the frames of the pinnaces together, 
 one Captain Raufe happened to touch nt the lame port, 
 with a bark of 50 men. To Raufe, Drake imparted 
 hiidefign; and, when the pinnaces wcic ready, both 
 fet fail together, shaping their courfc to Nombrc dc 
 Dios. They touched at the Illand of Pines, where 
 they were informed, by the negroes they found there, 
 that the inhabitants of that place « ere in daily expec- 
 tation of fonie foldicrs, which the (jovcrnorof Panama 
 had promifcd to fend, to defend tliem from the Symr- 
 rons, or fugitive negroes, who, having efcapiil liom the 
 tyranny of their maftcrs, had fettled thcmfelves unilcr 
 two kings, or leaders, on each fide of the pafliige be- 
 tween Nombrc dc Dios and Panama j and not only af- 
 ferted their natural right to liberty and indcpe ndancc, 
 but endeavoured to revenge the cruelties they harl fuf- 
 fered, and had lately put the inhabitants of Nombrc 
 de Dios into the utmolt confternation. Thcfc negroes 
 the Captain fet on (hore on the main land, fo that they 
 might, by joining the Symerons, recover their liberty, 
 or at Icau might not have it in their power to give the 
 people of Nombrc dc Dios any fpeedy informnr'.-u of 
 his intention to invade them. Then, feleOling 53 men 
 from his own company, and 20 from the crew of his 
 new aflbciate Captain Raufe, he embarked with them 
 in his new pinnaces, and fet fail for Nombrc de Dios. 
 
 Onjulyttie 28th, at night, he appnachcd the town 
 undifcovercd, and dropt his anchors under the (bore, 
 intending, after his men were rcfrelbed, to begin the 
 attack) but, finding that they were terrifying each other 
 with formidable accounts of^ the ftrength of the place, 
 and the multitude of the inhabitants, he determined 
 to hinder the panic from fpreading farther, by leading 
 them immediately toadion; and, therefore, ordering 
 them to their oars, he landed without any oppotition, 
 there being only one gunner upon the key, though it 
 was fortified by fix brafs cannon of the largely tize. 
 But the gunner, while they were employed in throwing 
 the cannon from their carriages, alarmed the town, as 
 they foon difcovercd by the bells, the drums, and the 
 noife of tho people. 
 
 Drak<e, leaving twelve men to guard the pinnaces, 
 marched into the town with little or no oppofition. 
 After a (hort lltirmifli, the forces that the alarm had 
 halliiy drawn together were foon difperfcd, except a 
 few whom he detained as prifoners, in order to fliew 
 him tht Governor's houfc, and alfo the ftore-houfc, 
 where the mules that bring the filver from Panama 
 were unloaded. 
 
 Being now in full pofTcflion of the town, he ported 
 the main of his/mall body untler the command of his 
 brother, in the market-place ; andtbtn followed the 
 guides, with the reft, to the ftore-houfc ; whei'e, forcing 
 the door, and entering the room where the filver was 
 depoiited, they found it heaped up in bars, in fuch quan- 
 tities as almofi exceed belief, the pile being, as they con- 
 jciSured, feventy feet in length, ten in D.eadth, and 
 twelve in height, eavh bar weighing between thirty and 
 forty-five pounds. It is eafy to imagine, that, at the 
 (i^'ht of this treafure, nothing was thought of, by the 
 Englifli failors, but by what means it might beft be con- 
 veyed to their boats; and, doubtlcfs, it was not eafy for 
 
 No/ 45. 
 
 Ilr;tke (who, coiifi.lering fjitir diftante from thu (liorc, 
 and the number of their enemies, was afraid of being 
 inrerceptcil in their retreat) 10 hinder his men from en< 
 cumbering themfclvcs with fo much lilvcr as might 
 have retarded their march, and obllrudted the ufc of 
 their weapons 1 however, by promifing to lead thcin to 
 the King's trcafury, where there were gold and jewels 
 to a far greater value, anil where the plunder was not 
 only more portable, Init nearer the llwre, he peifiiadrd 
 them to follow him fnot, however, without every man 
 his bar), and rejoin tnc main body in the market«place, 
 I Icrc he found his little troop much diftouraged by 
 the apprchenfion that, if they flayed any longer, the 
 enemy might gain polUdion oftheir pinnatcs, and that 
 they llioiiKI then, without any means of fafety, be left 
 ro iland alone againit ihe whole force of that country. 
 Drake, mn imlecd calily terrilii.'d, but furticicnrly cau- 
 tious. Tent to the harbour to examihc the ground of 
 their fears, and to learn if the fame panic liad taken 
 poflTellion of the men \« horn he had left to guard his 
 Noats; but, finding no foundation (dt thefe dreadful 
 appiehenlinns, he pcrfiflcd in his firll dcfign, and led 
 the troop forward to the royal trcafury. In their way 
 there felt a violent fliowcr of rain, which wet fomc of 
 their b(>w.f>rings, and cxtingiiinicd vnnt:/ of theif 
 matches (Ipring-locks for miifkcts not being then in- 
 vented)! a misfortune which might (bon nave been 
 repaireil, and whii h, perhajjs, the enemy might fuller 
 in common with them ; but which, however, on thil 
 occafion, very much embarraflcd them, ns the delay 
 produced by it reprell'cd that ardour which, fomctimes, 
 is only to be kept up by continual adlion. 
 
 It was in vain lor Drake to cxpoftulatc, or to reprc- 
 feiit the dif^racc of returning in rags, after having the 
 chief treafure of the world within their power j he there- 
 fore reproached their cowardice, fet before their eyes 
 the inur.inent danger to which they would inevitably be 
 expofcd, if they iailcd to behave like men anxious for 
 glory, and zealous for the honour of their country. 
 Animated by thefe incentives, they refumed their 
 former fpirit, and, pufliing brilkly forward, the whole 
 company followed till they arrived at the trcafury, which, 
 they inflifntly forced. Having thus far fucceeded, 
 Drake committed the care of the riches to his brother, 
 and Oxenham, of Plymouth, (a man known afterwards 
 for his bold adventures in the fame parts) while he, with 
 the main body, ftiould again return and reconnoitre the 
 market-place, and difperfe any parties of the Spaniards 
 that might be forming into a body to oppofe theif 
 progrefs. With this view, as he was advancing, bis 
 llrength fuddenly failed him, and he fell down fpeech* 
 Icfs. 
 
 Then it was that his companions perceived a wound 
 in his leg, that he received in tlic firft rencounter, but 
 hitherto concealed, left his men, cafily difcouraged, 
 fhould make their concern for his life a pretence for re- 
 turning to their boats. Such, however, had been his 
 lofs of blool, as was dillovered upon nearer obf^rva- 
 tion, that it had filled the prints of his footfteps ; and it 
 appeared fcarcc credible, that, after fuch an cffulion, 
 life fliould remain . The braveft were now willing to 
 retii* • neither defire of honour, or of riches, was 
 thought to prevail ih any man over his regard for his 
 Icatkr. ■ ' 
 
 Drake, whom cordials foon rcftored to his fenfes, was 
 the only man who could not be prevailed on to leave 
 the cnterprizc unfinifhed. It was to no purpofe that 
 they advifed hiiti to fubmit to go on board to have his 
 wound drcfTed, and promifed to return with him 16 
 coinplcat their defign. He well knew how impratflica- 
 ble it was to regain the opportunity when it was once 
 loft, and could eafily forefee that a rcfpitc of but a few 
 hours would enable the Spaniards to recover from their 
 conftcrnntion, lo aflcmble their forces, refit their bat- 
 teries, and remove their treafure. What he had un- 
 dergone To much danger to obtain, was now in h\i 
 hands, and the thoughts of leaving it untouched was 
 too mortifying to be patiently borne^ however, as there 
 5 ^ was 
 
 i 
 
 (I 
 
 'm 
 
374 
 
 iR FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES 
 
 was little time ivr lonlkikation, ami the famr danger 
 attended their Oay in thai prrplcxiiy ami confulion, ai 
 their return, they Uwim) ^ip hii woumi with hit fcarf, 
 am), partly hy force, paMly hy intrcaty, they carried him 
 bock to the boats, in which, with what treafurc they 
 were able to bring olf, they all embarked by break of 
 day. Then taking with them, out of the harbour, a 
 floop laden with wme«, thcjr went to the Hafttmcntn's, 
 an lOand about a league from the town, where they 
 ftaid two dayi, to recover the wounded men who had 
 been hurt in the ftrtt rencounter, and to resale them- 
 fclvet with the wines thev had taken, and with the 
 fruits that grew in great plenty in the gardena of that 
 ifland. 
 
 During their ftay here, there came over to (hat ilUnd 
 a Spanith gentleinan, fcnt by the Governor with inftruc- 
 tions to enquire whether the Cautain was that Drake 
 w ho had before been on their coalt t whether the arrows 
 with which many ot' their mvn were wounded were not 
 poifoned ; and whether they wanted provilionsor other 
 nccelTarics ? The mcflengcr, likcwife, extolled their 
 courage with the highcl^ encomiums, and exprelFcd his 
 admiration of their daring undertaking. Drake, 
 though he knew the civilities of an cnrm^ arc always to 
 be fufpcdled, and that the meirangrr, amidA all his pro. 
 feflions of regard, was no other than a fpy, yet knowing 
 that he had nothing to apprehend, treated him with 
 the highell honours that his condition admitted of. 
 In anfwer to his inquiiics, he alTurcd him, that he was 
 the fame Drake with whofc character they were before 
 acquainted ; that he was a rigid obfervcr of the laws 
 of war, and that he never {lerinittcd the arrows dif- 
 charged by his followers to be poifoned. He difiniflcd 
 him with conliderabic prefentss and told him, that, 
 though he had in part failed in this attempt, he would 
 never delift from nis dclign of revenging the treachery 
 of the Viceroy of Mexico, till he had Ihared with Spain 
 »hc trcafufcs of America. 
 
 He then rcfolved to return to the Iflc of Pines, where 
 they had left their Oiips, and to confiilt almut the mca- 
 furcs they were now to taket and, having arrived on the 
 ift of Augult at their former fiction, they difmilFed 
 Captaii. Kaufc, who, judging it unfafe to (lay any longer 
 on the coad, dcfircd to be no farther engaged in their 
 defigns. But Drake, not to be diverteiifrom his pur- 
 pofe, after being cured of his wound, inquired of a 
 ncgi'oe, wliom he took on board at Numbrc de Dios, 
 the mod wealthy fcttlemenis, and wcakeil parts of 
 the coaft, who advifed the attack of Carthagena. This 
 the Admiral feeined to approve : and, fetting fail with- 
 eut lofs of time, came to anchor, Augufl i j, between 
 Charccha and St. Barnard's, two iflands at a little dif- 
 tancc from the harbour of Carthagena. Then pafling 
 with his boats round the ifland, he cotered the harbour, 
 and in the mouth of it found a frigate with only an old 
 man in it, who voluntarily infonncd him, that, about 
 an hour before a pinnace had palTcd by, with fails and 
 oars, and all the appearance of expedition and impor- 
 tance; that, as (he palfcd, the crew onboard her bid him 
 tike care of himfclf ; and that, as foon as ihc touched 
 the (hore, he heard the noife of cannon, fired as a warn- 
 ing, and faw the (hippingof the port drawn up under 
 the guns of the caftlc. The Captain who had himfclf 
 heaiu the difcharge of the artillery, was foon convinced 
 that he was difcovercd ; and that, therefore, nothing 
 could be attempted there with any probability of fuc> 
 cefs. He therefore contented himfclf with taking a 
 Ihip of Seville of 240 tons (which the relator of this 
 voyage mentions as a very large (hip), and two fmall 
 frigates, in which he found letters of advice from 
 Nombre dc Dios, intended to alarm that part of the 
 coaft. 
 
 . Drake, now finding his pinnaces of great ufe, and 
 pot having a fufiicicnt number of failom for all his 
 ycflels, was defirous of deflroying the Sw«n, the (hip 
 comnuuidcd by his brother, that the ochen might be 
 better manned. This, necefTary as it was,' could not 
 cafily be ^c without difgulling his company i who, 
 
 having made fevcral profperous voyages in that wlTcl, 
 would naturally ba averfe in her dcftrucikm. 
 
 Drake knew that nothing but the love of their leaders 
 couki aniiiMtc his follower! to encounter Aich hardfhip* 
 as he was about to cxpofe them to 1 and, thcrrfere, 
 rather chofe to brine his defigns to pafs by artiAcc thail 
 hy authority. He lent for the carpmter of the Swan, 
 took him into his cabin, and, havins firit engaged hiin 
 to fecrccy, ordered him in the middle of the night, to 
 go down into the well, and bore three holes throuuh 
 the Iwttum, laving fomething againfl them that mignt 
 hinder the buobhng of the water from being heard. 
 To this the carpenter, after fome cxpoftulaiion, con^ 
 fentcd, and the next night perforr ed his promife. Iti 
 the morning, Augult the 15th, Drake, going out witH 
 his piniMce a filhing, rowed up ta the Swani and, 
 having invited his brother to partake of his diverfion, 
 inquired, with a negligent air, why the Swan was fb 
 deep in the water? Upon which, his brother, being 
 alarmed, fcnt down his ftewardto learn the caufe, who 
 returned immediately, with an account that the fhip 
 was leaky, and in danger of fmking in a very little 
 time. 'I hey had inftantly recourfc to the pumpi but, 
 having laboured for five hours, and gained very little 
 uimn the water, they willingly, according to Drake's 
 ail>''.:c, let the vefl'cl on fire, and went on board the 
 Pafcha. 
 
 I'inding it now necefTary to lie concealed for fume 
 time, till the Spaniards (hould forget their danger, and 
 remit their vigilance, they fet fail for the Sound of 
 Darien, and, without approaching the coall, that their 
 cuurfc might not be obfcrved, tncy arrived there in 
 fix days. 
 
 This being a convenient place for their reception, 
 both on account of privacy, it being out of the road of 
 all tr.idc, and as it was well fupplied with woovl, 
 water, wild-fowl, hogs, deer, and all kind of pro- 
 viliuns, he flayed here fifteen days, to careen his vef- 
 fcU, and rcfrcfh his men, who worked interchange- 
 ably, on one day the one half, and on the next day the 
 other half. 
 
 On the jth of September, Drake left his brother 
 with the fiiip at Darien, and fet out with two fmall 
 vcifeli towards the Rio Grand, which they reached in 
 three days, and on the 9th of the fame month were 
 difcovercd by a Spaniard from the land, who believing 
 them to be his countrvmcn, made a lignal for them to 
 come on (hore, with which they very readily complied 1 
 but he. foon !'.:*ding his miftake, abandoned his plaiv* 
 tation, where they found great plenty of provilions, 
 with which having laden their vcficls, they departed. 
 
 In the mean time, his brother. Captain John Drake, 
 went, according to the diredions that had been left 
 him, in fearch of the Symcrotu, or fugitive negroes, 
 from whofc alliftancc they now entertained hopes of 
 compleatlng the fuccefs of^thcir voyage : and, touching 
 upon the main land, by means of the negroes whom 
 they had taken from Nombre dc Dios^ engaged two of 
 the Symcrons to come on board his Ihip. leaving two 
 of his own men as hoflages tor their fafe return. Thofc 
 men, having afTured him of the aflwdlion of their 
 nation, appointed an interview between Drake and 
 their leaders. With this appointment Drake beings 
 nude acquainted, he immediately quitted Port Plenty, 
 fo named by the £ngli(h from the great ftorc of pro- 
 vi(ionjs they had omafTcd at that place, and came, by 
 the dir-rdion of the Synicrons, into a fccrct bay, among 
 beautiful itlands covered with trees, which concealed 
 their (hips from obfervation. and where the channel 
 was fo narrow and rocky that it was imponible to 
 enter it by night; fo that there was no danger of a 
 fudden fiirprizc. Here they met, and entered into 
 engagements, which couwnon enemies and commai 
 dangers preferved from violation. But the fir(l con* 
 veriation informed the EngU(b that their expcCbtions 
 were not kninediatcly to be gratified: for, upon their 
 enquiries after the moft pn£able means of acquiring 
 gold and lilver, the Symetons told them, that had they 
 . known 
 
To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 375 
 
 known fooncr the chief end <»»' their expedition, they 
 could e«fily hiive graiitied themi but that during the 
 rainy fe«fon, which wm now begun, they could mH re- 
 cover the treafuie, which they had taken from the Si». 
 nitrdi, out <il the river* in which they had concealed it. 
 Drake, thcrclore, pmpofingto wait in thii place till the 
 nini were palFed, built with the afliftance of the Sy. 
 mcront. a fort of earth and timber i and, leaving hii 
 brother and part of hii company with the Symemm, 
 fct out with three pinnacei toward* Rio de la Hacha, 
 being of a fptrit too aiflivc to lie Dill patiently, even in 
 a ftate of plenty and fecurity, and with the mol» pro- 
 bable eapedlationi of* iminenfe rirhe*. 
 
 In their way thither, they anchored within (ight of 
 Carthagcna without landing, and on the 17th of tWo- 
 ber to<>k aSuanjfti bark, with which they entered the 
 har'oour in difguife » but were foon accofted by a Spanilh 
 gentleman whom ihcy had fomctime before taken and 
 k: at liberty t who coming to them in a boat, ai he pre- 
 tended, without the knowledge of the Governor, made 
 ihem great promifca of friendfhip, and profefTioni of 
 efteem. But Drake, having waited till next morning 
 without receiving the information he had been encou- 
 fMed to expert, found that all thii pretended kindnefi 
 wMno mofe than a Itratagem to amufe him. while the 
 Governor wat raifing forces for hit dellrudlion. 
 
 Thii appeared more clearly on the 20th, when two 
 frigates, well armed and manned, came out in the night 
 with a view to fur))rixv t!te pinnacei, and imke prifoner 
 of Diakc : but thefe being difcovcred, and their dcfign 
 ftuHratcd, Drake, when day-light approached, leapt in- 
 trepidly ailiorc lin^le, in defiance of their troops, which 
 bovircd at a dilbnce in the wood* and on the hilli, 
 without ever vntiiring to advance within reach of the 
 iliot from the pinnacei. To leap, however, upon an 
 enemy's coaft, in fight of a fuperior force, onlv to (hew 
 kow little they were fc-aretl, was an acl that in thefe times 
 would .nect with little applaufc: but motives of policy 
 might influence the condud of Drake, and make that 
 neceflai y then, w hich ik>w appears a ridiculous bravado. 
 Finding the whole country advertifed of his attempts, 
 and in arms to oppofe him, he might make a feint only 
 of laiiding to mcreafe their fears, and encourage their 
 alarms, that ihcy might keep together till he (hould af- 
 fault them in their deferted pods ; a Aratagem which 
 there it rcafon to think he put in prai'tice, as he conti- 
 nued upon the coalt till one of his veflfels had only a 
 gamnum of bacon and a finall quantity of bread on 
 boar4 tor feventeen men. and till there was on board 
 bis o vn vcilei even a givater frarcity. But rcfolution 
 and fucccfs reciprocally produce each other. They 
 had not fiiiiled more than three leagues on their return 
 to their fhips before they fell in with and attacked a 
 Cocdling vcilcl, which alter fame rcfiftance they took, 
 •nd happily found it laden with excellent provifioiu. 
 He now determined to return to the Symcrons, with 
 -whom, as has been (aid, he left his brother, and part of 
 his force 1 and to attempt, by their afliftancc ana dircc- 
 tiun, to make his way over, and invade the Spaniards in 
 the inland parts, where they would probably never 
 dream of an enemy. 
 
 When they arrived at Port Diego, fo named from the 
 negroe who had procured them their int«rcourfe with 
 the Symerons, they found Capuin John Drake and one 
 of his company dead, being killed in attempting, al- 
 moft unarmed, to board a frigate well provided with 
 all things neccflary for its defence. The Captain was 
 unwilhog to make the attack, and reprefented to his 
 company the madnefs of their propofal; but, being 
 ovcr-bornc by their clamours and importunities, to 
 avoi^thc imputation of cowardice, complied to hisde- 
 ftrudion. 
 
 But this was not the only misfortune that befel this 
 little cosi\panyt for foon after many of them fell ill of 
 rhc calenture, a malignant fever, very frequent in the 
 hot climatea, which carried oft', among feveral others, 
 loCsph Drake, anorher brother of the Commander. 
 
 While Drake waa cmpbyed ia the recovery of the 
 fick, the Symerons^ who ranged the country tor intel- 
 
 ligence, brought him an account that the S^winilb fleet 
 »ai arrived at Nombre de Dim, the truth of which 
 was confirmed by a pinnace which he fcnt out to make 
 obfervatinni. This, therefore, was the time for their 
 journey, when the treafurcs of the American mines 
 were to be tranfpofted from Panama over land, to 
 Nombre de Di6i. He, therefore, by the dircdion of 
 the Symeroni, furniOicd himfelf with all thiiigi necef- 
 fary 1 and, on the third of February in the following 
 year, fet out from Port Diego, luving M\ already 
 twenty-eight of hit company, and being under the lie. 
 celfity of leaving fome to guard his fliip, he took with 
 him only 1 8 Englilh and 30 Symeroni, who not only 
 fcrvedu guards to Ihew the way, but as purveyors to 
 procure provilinns. 
 
 They carried with them arrowi for war, and arrows 
 for hunting and fowling, the heads of which are pro. 
 portioned in lizc to the game they are purfuing. For 
 oxen, (tags, or wild boars, they have arrows or lavelins 
 with heads weighing a pound and half, which they dif- 
 charge near hand, and which fcarcely ever fail of oeiog 
 mortal. Their fccond fort are about half as heavy as 
 the other, and are generally fliot from their bowst 
 thefe are intended for fmaller bcafls. With the third 
 fort, of which the heads are an oonce in weight, they 
 kill birdi. As this nation is in a ftate which does not 
 fet them above continual cares for the immediate ncccf- 
 faries of lite, he that can temper iron bed is among 
 them mofteilrci led; and, perna^ts, it would be happy 
 for every nation, if honours and applaufcs were as Juftly 
 diflributrd, and he were mo(t diuinguifhed whofe ta- 
 lents were muft ufeful to focicty. 
 
 f£very day by fun-rifing they began to march, and 
 having travtlkd till ten, reded near fome river till 
 twelve; then travelling; again till four, they repofed all 
 night in huts, or wigwams, which the Symerons had 
 either left Handing in their former marches, or very 
 readily eicdcd for them, by fetting up three or four 
 pods in the ground, and laying poles from one to ano- 
 ther, in the form of a roof, which they covered with 
 palmetto Iwughs and planuin leaves. In the vallies, 
 where they were ihtltered from the winds, they left 
 three or four feet next the ground open t but, on the hills, 
 where they were moreexpofed to the chill blafts of the 
 night, theythitched them clofe to the ground, leaving 
 only a door for entrance, and a vent a-top in the middle 
 for the fmoke of the fire to efcape. 
 
 In their march, they met not only with plenty of fruiti 
 upon the banks of the rivers, but with wild fwine in 
 abundance, of which the Symerons without difficulty 
 killed, for the mod part, as many as were wanted. One 
 day, however, they found only an otter, and were about 
 to drefs it t at which Drake exprefling his wonder, was 
 afked Iw Pedro, the chief Symeron, " Are you a man of 
 war, and in want, and yetdoubt whether this be meat that 
 hath blood in it.'" For which Drake in private rebuked 
 him, fays the relator; whether judly or not, it is not 
 very important to determine; only it dicws the genius 
 of the times when fuperdition prevailed, and when the 
 greated men were not v, holly exempt from its influ . 
 enccs. 
 
 On the third day of their march, and the 6th of 
 Frbruary, they came to a town of the Symerons, fitu- 
 ated on the fide of a hill, and cncompaflcd with a ditch 
 and a mud wall, to fccure il fioin any fudden furprize. 
 Here they lived with great neatnefs, and in plenty ; and 
 with fome obfcrvation of religion, paying great reve- 
 rence to the crofsj a pra&icc which, the relator fays, 
 Drake prevailed upon them to change for the ufe of the 
 Lord's Prayer; which however, in fo Ihort a (lay, is very 
 unlikely. Indeed, it i- added, that here they drongly 
 importuned Drake toprolong his abode, promifing to 
 double his force; but he, either thinking gre-iter num- 
 bers unnecefTary, or fearing, that, if any difl^crence 
 fliould arife between them and his own men, he (hould 
 be overborne by numbers, he prudently declined their 
 invitation, and their offa of additional afliftance, and 
 that in fuch terms as exprelTcd his eagernefs to engage, 
 and his confidence of fuccefs from the bravery of lis 
 followers. 
 
 ' The 
 
 I 
 
 fj 
 
376 
 
 Sir F R a M G I 5 >D R a K E "s VOYAGES 
 
 The Sytncrons continued to condudt him on his jour- 
 ney, and led him through rural (hades and lofty woods, 
 which flickered his people To eflfcdually from the fun, 
 that their march was lef^ toilfome than if they had tra- 
 velled in England during the heat of fummcr. Four 
 of the Symerons that were acquainted with tho way, 
 went about a mile before the main body, and cut off 
 branches as marks to diredt them, for there was no 
 beaten track; then followed twelve Symerons, after 
 whom came the Enzlifh, with the two leaders ; and thi; 
 other Symerons doled the rear. In this order, on the 
 nth of February, they arrived at the top of a very 
 high hill, on the fummit of which grew a tree of a 
 wonderful height and magnitude, in which they had 
 cut (Icps for the more eaty afcent to the top, where 
 there was a kind of alcove, to which they invited Drake, 
 and from thence (hewed him not only the Nonh Sea, 
 from whence they came, but the great Pacific Ocean, 
 on which no Englifh vellel had ever yet failed. This 
 profpcifl exciting his natural curiofity and ardour for ad- 
 ventures and difcoveries, he lifted up his hands to God, 
 and implored his blefling upon the rcfolution which he 
 that intrant formed of failing in an £ngli(h fliip on that 
 inmKnfe fea. 
 
 From this'ftupendous mountain they defcended, aftei- 
 having fcaflcd their eyes with the grandeA profpe£l the 
 earth (an furnifh; and in two days came into an open 
 level country, where their march was incommoded with 
 the grafs, which is of a peculiar kind, confuting of a 
 i\a.\k like that of a bull-rufli, and a blade on which the 
 oxen and other cattle feed till it grows too high for them 
 to reach: then it is that the natives fet the whole on 
 fire; and it is no uncommon thing to behold vallics of 
 immenfc cjttenr in a blaze at once; from whence the 
 cattle fly in the Ucraofl terror, and many pcrilh by the 
 fudden conflagration. It might be fuppofcd, that this 
 burning of the foil, would, in a hot climate, check the 
 powers of vegetation, and that it would be years before 
 the earth could recover its fertility; but it is jui> the 
 contrary; the afhcsof the reeds arc hardly extinguifhcd 
 before a new verdure begins to appear; and before a 
 ;ri3n<.H is elapfed, the whole valley, beheld at a diAancc. 
 looi'":u green as ever; fo aflonifhingly wonderful are 
 the powers of Nature on this happy foil ! 
 
 When they had arrived ivithin a convenient diflance 
 of the road from Panama, they pofled themfelves in a 
 grove or wood, near which the treafure was to be con- 
 veyed from thence to Nambre de Dies. They then 
 difpatched a trufly Symeron, in the habit of a (lave, 
 properly inftruded, to learn on what day the mules, on 
 V hofc backs the treafure is carried, were to fet out. 
 Ihe nun was fo well qualified for the fervice, and fo in- 
 duUrious in the profccution of it, that he foon returned 
 with an account, that the trcafurer of Lima, intending 
 to embark for Europe, would pafs the night following 
 with eight mules laden with gold, and one with jewels; 
 that it was their cuftom to travel by night, and to red 
 in the da^', to avoid the heat; and that Venta Cruz was 
 lo be their firft (bigc. 
 
 On this intelligence, they changed their fltuation, 
 and immediately dircdcd their march towards Venta 
 Cruz, fending, (or fecurity, two Sygoerons, habited as 
 l)efore, to examine the way, who, as they paffed along, 
 perceived, by the fcent of a match, that fome Spaniard 
 was before them; and creeping filently forward, fur- 
 
 JKtecd a foldier afleep upon the ground. They bound 
 lim, without otTering any other violence, and brought 
 him to Drake, who, upon enquiry, found that their (py 
 had not deceived xhcoi in his intelligence. The (bl- 
 ^ior, having .nformcd himfelf of the Captain's name, 
 conceivcd-fuch a confi^ncc inhis well-know n clemency, 
 that, after having made an ample difcovery of the tfea- 
 lure that wu rtow at hand, cautioned them likewife 
 agaihft being deccived-by thcrecoes, or carriers, from 
 Nombre deDios, whornei the others by the way, and 
 who were haurlv cxpc6lcd, wkh merchandize and pro- 
 vitionc, but without any gold. He clofed his exami- 
 nation with an humble petition to Drake, that, when 
 the cxpe^xd treafure ihoidd fall into his hands, hcunuld 
 
 2 
 
 
 be graciourty pleafcd trt allow hirt as luiirh of it M 
 would maintam himl'elf and hischildren (luring the re- 
 mainder of their lives, fince Ihert woukt abundamir 
 more arrivt than he ant) his company could carry away. 
 Drake agreed to his rcqueft, upon condition that he* 
 led him to a place of fecrecy, where he could conceal 
 his men till the time of aiftion, ahd where there was no 
 danger of the mules palling by without being perceived. 
 This the man did ; and Drake placed- hit ambufh «c-' 
 coiYiingly. 
 
 Before the time etpcdled. the men were properiy n- 
 frc(hed and inftruded. Oxenham was appointed to 
 head the Symerons, aflifted by Pedro their leader; and 
 Drake was to command the Englifh. . The parties were 
 then divided ; the Englifh took the right of^the way in 
 front, and the Symerons the left at a fmall diffance in 
 the rear. In this manner they wcr« pofted, that one 
 company might be in readinefi to feize the hindmoft 
 mule at the fame time that the other had feized the 
 foremolt ; for the mules, it feems, being tied together, 
 travel in a line, and are all guided by leading the firft. 
 
 Every thing being now as well concerted as human 
 prudence could dircd, and. the critical moment of bc- 
 tion foon expeifed, they lay down and covered them- 
 fclvcs-in the grafs. at about eighty or ninety paces dif- 
 tance from the road, that the noife of their breathjng 
 might not be heard by the guard that conveyed the trea- 
 fure. 
 
 They had not been more thfli an hour in thu finiaa 
 tion, when the bells of the mules on the left, comine 
 from Venta Cruz, began to be heard : but previous or- 
 ders having been given to meddle only with thofe from 
 Panama, thofe from Venta Cniz were fulTercd to paft 
 unmolclfed. Unfortunately, however, it happened, 
 that one Robert Pike, bcfng heated with liquor, prel 
 vailed upon the man that was next him to creep for- 
 ward with him, in order to be in readinefs to fignalize 
 diemfelvcs, by being the firft to feize the mules from 
 Panama. At that inflant, an officer, who accompanied 
 the rccoes from Venta Cruz, perceiving white moving 
 in the grafs (for Drake had ordered ill his company to 
 put their fhirts over their cloathes/todifVihguilh them 
 m the night), took the alarm, and, from ii walk, way 
 obferved to pufh hishorfeforwardonafmart tit>C;>lhd: 
 before he had palfed the hindmoft ambufcade, he was 
 heard to ride along in a full gallop; but neither Drake; 
 who contmianded the Englifh, nor Oxenham, who headed 
 the Symerons, being apprized of the reafon, hadanf 
 thought of uking meafures to intercept hir journey. -' 
 
 It was not, however, long before the reeoe^ front' Ri- 
 nama came up, and were eagerly feized by the Englifh 
 in frOnt,and fecured by the Symcn>ns,a8 had been agreed 
 upon, in the rear; but, to their great mortification, they 
 found two of them only loaded with filver, and the reft 
 with provifions, fix of thofe from Panama, which- car* 
 ried the valuable burdens of gold and jewels, bein^ or- 
 dered back, and the like number that eamc from Ven^ 
 Cruz fent forward in their room. The drivers were 
 brought immediately to the Captain, and examined, 
 who informed him, that a horfeman who met them 
 riding in hafte had talked with the treafurer, and ad- 
 vifed him to fend bacK his gold and jewels, ant) fuffer 
 thofe only re proceed that were now in his [E>rake's] 
 power, that he might, by that cheap experiment difco-' 
 vcr whether there was any ambufti m the way. 
 
 That Drake was not lels enraged than hit followere at 
 this difappointment cannot be doubted ; but there waft 
 now no time to be fpent in complaints. The wholf 
 country, be knew, would foon be alarmed, and a|l the 
 force of the Spaniaxds afTembted to overwhdtn himt 
 he had no fortrpfs to retire to; every man was his cne- 
 my ; and ever>' road better known to the Spaniards than 
 to himfelf. This was an occafionthat demanded til tK.e 
 qualit4e« of an hero, an intrepidity never to be (hakcn, 
 and ijudgment never to be porplexed. He imnwdiately 
 conhdered all the circumftancei of hit prelent fltuation, 
 and found that 4t afforded hinMnir the choipe (rf'm^rctu 
 ing back by the fame way through which he came, or 
 forcing his pafTagc through Ve(ita4;;;ruf. ' Ht forefaw 
 
iich 6f it H 
 ring there- 
 abundantly 
 lcarryaw«y. 
 ion that he" 
 uld conceal 
 here was no 
 g perceived, 
 ambufli ac- 
 
 )roperiy re- 
 spointed to 
 ieadtrs and 
 parties were 
 
 the way in 
 diftance in 
 d, that one 
 lehindmoft 
 
 feiced the 
 fd together, 
 a the firft. 
 CI as human 
 nent of ac 
 'cred thenr- 
 r paces dir- 
 r breathjng 
 ed the trea* 
 
 n this fitiia-i 
 ■ft, coming 
 >revious or- 
 
 thofe from 
 red to paft 
 
 happened, 
 liquor, pre- 
 
 crecp for- 
 to figniilize 
 mules from 
 rcompanied 
 lite moving 
 company to 
 guirfi thetn 
 rwalk.'way 
 ttrot.thdj 
 de, he was 
 :hcr Drake; 
 who headed 
 n, had anjr 
 journey. '■ 
 ea( front- P*. 
 lie Engtiflt 
 been agreed 
 cation, they 
 ind the reft 
 
 which- cart 
 
 s, bein^ or« 
 
 froni^Vendt 
 
 rivers were 
 
 examined, 
 
 met them 
 
 T, and ad- 
 
 an9 fuffer 
 
 I [Drake's] 
 
 mcnt difco-' 
 
 y- 
 
 followcn at 
 t there wail 
 The wholf 
 and all the 
 vhehnhim; 
 'as hisene- 
 iniards than 
 ndcd all tH? 
 } be (hakcR, 
 mmediately 
 ne fituation, 
 ;eofTn9rcli. 
 became, pr 
 Ht forefaw 
 nviny 
 
 To the S O U T H SEA and R I) U N U the WORLD. 
 
 377 
 
 many difficulties in marching back, belidcs the hazard ot 
 having his Ihips feizcd before his return; he, therefore, 
 determined to pafs forwards to Venta Cruz, before the 
 enemy could be prepared tooppofehim. Hcalkcd Fcdro 
 the leader of the Symerons, whether he was refolvcdto 
 follow him? and, after having received from him the 
 ftroneeft affurance that nothing ihould feparatc them. 
 commanded his mentorefreJh themfelves.and prepareto 
 fet forwards. When they came to the gates of the town, 
 they difmifled the mules they had made ufe of to carry 
 their prize, and continued their march with as little 
 noife as pofliblc; yet they difcovered that the alarm had 
 been fpread. and the forces of the town haftily drawn 
 together, to oppofie their entrance. Drake, who was 
 not unacquainted with the behaviour of that kind of 
 military, received their firft onfet, and then breaking 
 in upon them, drove them before him without farther 
 oppofition, aiid was feconded by the Symerons, who 
 could not be reftrained from making plunder of the 
 town: but Drake haftened in perfon to the Spanifli la- 
 dies, and aflbted them that no injuries fliould be of- 
 fered to them; fo infeporable is hununity from true 
 courage. 
 
 Having thus broken the fpirits, and fcattered the 
 forces of the Spaniards, he continued his march to the 
 (hips without any apprehenlion of danger, yet with 
 great fpecd, being veiy folicitous about the ftate of the 
 crew ; fo that he allowed his men, harrafled as they 
 Men, but little time for fleep or refrelhmentj but by 
 kind exhortations, gentle authority, and a chearful par- 
 ticipation of all their hardftiips, prevailed upon them to 
 bear without murmur, not only the toil of travelling, 
 but. on fomc days, the pain of hunger. In this march. 
 he owed much of his expedition to the afliftance of the 
 SynKrons, who, being accuftomed to the climate, and 
 naturally robuft, when any of the Englifli fainted by 
 the way, two of them would cany him between them 
 for miles together. Nor was their valour Icfs than 
 their huro»nity, after they had learned from their 
 EngliOi companions to defpife the fire-arms of the 
 Spaniards. 
 
 When they were within five leagues of the (hips, they 
 found a town built in their abfcnce by the Symerons, 
 at which Drake confented to halt, fending a Symerorj 
 to the (hips with his gold toothpick as a token, which, 
 though the maftcr knew it, was not fufficient to gain 
 the melfenger credit, till, upon examination, he found 
 that the Captain, having ordered him to regard no mcf- 
 Ikge without his hand-writing, had engraven his name 
 upon it with the point of his knife; he then fent the 
 
 Snnnace up the river, which they met, and afterwards 
 imt to the town for thofe « hofe wcarincfs had made 
 them unable to march farther. 
 
 On February the 23d, the whsic company was re- 
 united : and Cirake, whofe good or ill fuccefs never pre- 
 vailed over his pi:ty, celebrated their meeting with 
 thanks to God. V' 
 
 Drake, not yet difcouraged, foon turned his thougnts 
 to new prmeos ; and, witnout languifhing in melan- 
 choly refleaions upon paft mifcarriagcs, employed him- 
 felf in forming fchemes for repairing them. Eager of 
 aiflion, and acquainted with man's n .1 jre, he never 
 fufficred idlenefsto infetft his followers with cowardice; 
 but kept them from linking under any difappointment, 
 by dirc(£ling their attention to fome new enterprize. 
 
 Upon confultation with his own men, and the Sy- 
 merons, he found them divided in thciropinions; fome 
 declaring, that, before they enraged in any new at- 
 tempt, it was neccflary to increafe their (lores of pro- 
 vifions; andothers urging that the (hips, in which the 
 Spani(h treadire was embarked, (hould be immediately 
 Attempted. The Symerons praooled a third plan, and 
 advifed them to undertake another joufncy over-Und, 
 to the hotife of one Pezoro, near Vcragu^, whofe (laves 
 brought him every day more than aoo pounds (terming, 
 from the mines, which he heaped together in a (tnmg 
 Acme houfe, that might, by the help of the £ngli(h, 0^ 
 eafily forced. But Drake, being unwilling to fttigue 
 
 No* 46. ■]■.,. ,. , 
 
 his followers with another journey overland, determined 
 to (leer a middle courfe between thefc variable opinions ; 
 and, manning his two pinnaces, the Bear and the Mi- 
 nion, he fent John Oxenham in the Bear towards Tolu, 
 to feck provifions; and went himfelf in the Minion to 
 the Cabezes, tb endeavour to intercept the treafure 
 that was to bt tranfported from Veracua and that coafl, 
 to the fleet at Nombre de Dios; firit difmiHing with 
 prcfents thofe Symerons who defired to return to their 
 wives, and ordering thofe that chofe to remain with him 
 to be krhdUr entertained. Drake took at the Cabczcs 
 a frigate of"^ Varagua, the pilot of which informed him, 
 that there was in the harbourof Veragila a(hip freighted 
 with more than a million of gold ; to which he oHered 
 to condudb him, being well acquainted with the found- 
 ings, if he might be allowed his (hare of the prize; fo 
 much was his avarice fuperior to his honefty. 
 
 Drake, after fome deliberation, c6mplying with the 
 pilot's conditions, failed towards the harbour; but had 
 no fooner entered the mouth of it than he heard the re- 
 port of artillery, which was anfwercd by others at a 
 greater diftance; upon which the pilot told them that 
 they were difcovered, this being the fignal appointed 
 by the Governor to alarm thecoaft. 
 
 Drake now thought it convenient to return to the 
 (hips, that he might enquire the fuccefs of the other 
 pinnace, which he found with a frigate that (he had 
 taken with twenty-eight fat hogs, 200 hens, and a great 
 ftore of maize or Indian corn. The yefTcl itfelfwas 
 fo llrong and well buih, that he fitted it for war, de- 
 termining tomake afecond attempt on Nombre deDios. 
 
 On March the 21ft, he fet fail witH the new frigate 
 and the I3car towards the Cabezes, at which he arrived 
 in little more than two days, and found there one Totu, 
 a Frenchman, w ith a (hip of war. Having fupplied 
 his (hip w ith water, and other articles of which he was 
 in want, the Captain defired to join the Admiral in his 
 new attempt, to which Drake confented, and admitted 
 him to accompany him with 20 of his men, (lipulatingto 
 allow thcma proportionable (hare of whatever booty they 
 (hould acquire: yet they were not without fome fuf- 
 picions of danger from this new ally, he having eighty* 
 men, and they being now reduced to thirty-one. Man- 
 ning, however, the pinnaces, they fet fail for Rio Fran- 
 cifco, at which place they arrived on the 29th of March. 
 Here they landed: and, having difmifled their pin- 
 naces for fear ofdifcovcry, and ordered them to repair 
 to the fame place on the 4th day following, they began 
 their march through the woods towards Noinbre de 
 Dios, and continue! it with fuch (ilence and regularity 
 as furprized the French, who did not imagine tiic Sy- 
 merons fo difcreet and obedient to command as they 
 appeared to be, and were therefore in perpetual anxiety 
 about the fidelity of their guides: nor did the Symc- 
 i rons treat the Frenchmen with that fubmiflion and re- 
 gard which they paid to the £ngli(h, vihoCe bravery and 
 condud they had already tried. At length, after a la- 
 borious march of more than feven leagues, they began 
 to hear the hammers of the carpenters in the bay, it be- 
 ing the cui\om in that hot feafon to work in the night, 
 andtoreft in thedayi and, in a (hort time, they per- 
 ceived the approach of the rccoes, 6r droves of mules, 
 from Panama. They now no longer doubted that their 
 labour «vould be rewarded, and every man imagined 
 hin\felf fecure from poverty for the remaining part of 
 his life; they, therefore, when thp mules came up, rulhcd 
 out, and feized tbem with an alacrity proportioned to 
 their expci^lations. The three droves conUfted of one 
 hundred and nine .nules, each of which carried 300 
 pounds weight of filver. It was to little purpofe that 
 the foldiers, ordered to convoy the treafure, attempted 
 refinance. After a (hort combat, in which the French 
 Captain and one of the Symerons «vre wounded, i* 
 appeared with how much greater ardour men are ani- 
 mated by inteivft than fid i.'ty. 
 
 As it was po(nbte for thv-n to carry awiy but a fmaU 
 
 part Qf this treafure, titer h«vjng wearied themfelvet 
 
 with hiding it i<» the thickets, t^iy determined to tt» 
 
 i ^ f . turn 
 
 'f^ 
 
 i: 
 
378 
 
 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES 
 
 turn by the fame way they cainc; and, without being 
 piiifiud, they travcrfed the woods, where the French 
 Captain, being difabled by his wound, was obliired to 
 ftay, two of his company continuing with him. When 
 they had gone forward about two leagues, the French- 
 men miflcd another of their company, who, upon en- 
 quiry, was known to be intoxicated with wine, and fup- 
 jwfcd to have loft himfelf in the woods by ncglefting to 
 obfcrve the guides ; but common prudence not allow- 
 ing them to hazard the whole company by two much 
 folicitude for a Hngle life, they travelled on towards Rio 
 Francifco, at which they arrived on the 3d of April ; 
 and, looking out for their pinnaces, were furprizcd with 
 the fight of feven Spaniih floops, and immediately con- 
 cluded that fomc intelligence oftheir motions had been 
 carried to Nombre de Dios, and that thefe velTcIs had 
 been fitted out to purfuc them, which might undoubt- 
 edly have overpowered the pinnaces and their feeble 
 crews. Nor did their fufpicions ftop here; but imme- 
 diately it occurred to them, that their men might be 
 compelled by torture to difcover where their frigate and 
 Ihip were ftationcd, which being weakly manned, and 
 without the prefence of the chief Commander, would 
 fall into their hands almoft without reliftance, and all 
 poinbility of cfiaping be entirely cut off. Thefe re- 
 Hedions funk the whole company into defpair; and 
 every one, inftead of endeavouring to break through 
 the difficulties that furrounded him, refigncd himlclf 
 up to his ill fortune ; when Drake, whole intrepidity 
 was never to be (haken, and whofe reafon was never to 
 be furprized or cmbarraffed, reprefented to them, that, 
 though the Spaniards fliould have made themfelves maf- 
 ters of the pinnaces, they might yet be hindered from 
 difcovtring the (hips. He put them in mind, that the 
 pinnaces could not be taken, the men examined, their 
 examinations compared, their refolutions formed, their 
 vcircts fentout, and the (hips taken in an inftant> Some 
 time muft necelTarily be fpcnt before the laft blow could 
 be (truck ; and, if that time were not ncgledlfully loft, 
 it might be poiTiblc for fome of them to reach the (hips 
 before the enemy, and dired them to change their fta 
 tion. 
 
 They were animated with this difcourfe, by which 
 they obferved that their leader was not without hope j 
 but, when they came to look more narrowly into their 
 (ttuation, they were unable to conceive upon what it 
 was founded. To pafs by land was impolftble, as the 
 way lay over high mountains, thick woods, and deep ri- 
 vers: they h^d not a (ingle boat in their power, fo that 
 pitiTage by water feemed equally impradlicable. But 
 Drake determined upon the only means of fuccefs which 
 their condition afforded them; and, ordering his men 
 to nuke a raft out of the trees that were then floating 
 in the river, offered himfelf to put but to fea upon it, 
 aiid chcarfully afked who would accotnpahy hihii John 
 Owen, John Smith, and two Frenchmen, who wcrt 
 willing to (hare his fortune, embarked with him on the 
 raft, w(>ich was (itted out with a fail made of the bifcuit 
 facks in which they had carried their provifions, and 
 formed a kind of oar 'to dirfcft its courfc inftead of a 
 rudder. Then, haying ct)mfb(ted the reft with alTur- 
 ances of his regard (br therii, and refolution to leave 
 nothing unattemptcd for their deliverance, he put off j 
 and, after having with much difficulty failc» three 
 leagues, dcfcricd two pinnaces halting towards him, 
 ^ich, upon a nearer approach, he difcovered to be 
 his own; aiid, hailing tt^em, pbpbfed that they fliould 
 anchor beKind'a poiiit that' jutted out into the fea, 
 ^♦i1ile he put to(horc; 4nd, eroding the land en foot, 
 ^aa recctved by his coittpitny with that fatisfadlion 
 yih\t\ is only known tb thole who Tavebieh acquainted 
 with d«««rs and diftreffci; 
 
 ' TfHe fsSrtc night tWfhiwfed fflc^ly tb Rio Fi^-' 
 cifco, Where thcjr cttibnked; i^i wfibfe" cohipany, 'with 
 what treafufe they had been abfc ib bring; with th^rri 
 through the woods I theft flllmg back with the utmoft 
 rStJirditibn, they returii«;d to their frigate, and foon af- 
 Kf to tlwir ftiip, xdhete Drake tfividtrd the gold ahd fil- 
 Wrttjuiubly bct\Yj:cn th« French and Englifli. 
 
 Here they fpent fourteen days in (itting out their fri- 
 gate more completely; during which time, the French- 
 men, with their ftiip, lay among the Cabezes, while 
 twelve Englifli and (ixtccn Synierons travelled once 
 more into the country, as well to recover the French 
 Captain, whom they had left woiinded, as to bring 
 away the trcafure which they had hid in the woods. 
 Drake, whom his company would not fuffer to hazard 
 his perfonin another land expedition, went with them 
 to Rio Francifco, where he found one of the Frcneh- 
 iiien who had (laid to attend their Captain, and was in> 
 formed by him, upon his enquiries after his fortune, 
 that, half an hour after their feparation, the Spaniard* 
 came upon them, and eafily feized upon the founded 
 Captain ; but that his companion might have efcaped 
 with him, had he not preferred money to hfc; for fee- 
 ing him throw down a box of jewels that retarded him^ 
 he could not forbear taking it up, and, with that and tho 
 gold which he had already, was fo loaded that he coull 
 not efcapc. With regard to the bars of gold and fdvet 
 which they had concealed in the ground, he informed 
 them that 200 men had been empimred in fearching for 
 them. The people, however, either miftrufting the 
 informer's veracity, or conlident that what they had 
 hidden could not be found, purfued their journey; but, 
 upon their arrival at the place, found the ground turned 
 up for two miles round, and were able to recover no 
 more than 1 3 bars of (ilver, and a fmall quantity of gold. 
 They difcovered afterwards, that the Frenchman who 
 was left drunk in the woods, falling into the hands of 
 the Spaniards, was tortured by them till he confeffed 
 where Drake and his company had concealed their 
 plunder; fo fatal to Drake's expedition was the drunks 
 ennefs of his followers. 
 
 Then,, difmiffing the French, they palTed by Car/ 
 thagena with their colours flying, and (bbn after took a 
 frigate laden with provifions and honey, which they va- 
 lued as a great rcliorative, and then failed away to ths 
 Cabezcs. Here they ftaid about a week to careen their 
 velFcIs, and fit them for a long voyage, determining to 
 fet fail for England ; and that the laitliful Symerons 
 might not go away unrewarded, bfokc up their pin- 
 naces, and gave them the iron, the moft valuable prcfenC 
 in the world to a nation whofe only employments were 
 warahd hunting, and amongft whom fhow and luxury 
 had no place. Pedro, their Captain, being defired by 
 Drake to go through the ftiips, and to chufe what he 
 moft defired, fixed his eye upon a : fcymetar fee with 
 jewels, which the French Qiptain had prefetitcd t» 
 Drake for the provifions with which he had fupplicd 
 him,and, being unwilling to aflt for fo valuable a prefent. 
 offered for it four large quoits, or thick plates <jf gold, 
 which he had formerly concealed in the waters ; but 
 Drake, dcfirous to fhew him, that fidelity feldonH is 
 without a recompence, gave it him with the hishcft 
 rirofelTlons of fatisfiiAion and efteem. F^o, recavin|f 
 It with the utmoft gratitude, informed him, that by be- 
 ftowing it he had conferred greatnefs and honour upbn 
 him; tor, by prefonting it to his King, he doubted not 
 of' obtaining the higheft rank amoiw the Symerons. 
 He then' perfiiled in his refolution ofgiving him the 
 gold, which was generouily thrown by Drake into the 
 con<mon ftock ; for he faid that thofe at whofe cxpcnces 
 he had been fent out, ought to fliare in all the gain of 
 the expediiioHi whatever pretence cavil and chicanery 
 might fuppty for the appropriation of any part on it. 
 Thus was Drake's charuter confiftent with itfclf ; h« 
 was equally Ai^rior to avarice and fear; and, through 
 whatever danger he might eo in quefl of gold, he 
 thought it not valuahio enough to be obtained by arti« 
 ftce or difhohefty. 
 
 They now forfook itfecoaftof Anurica, which for 
 n^arfy inemhstiley had^ltept in perpetual alarms, hw* 
 ing'take^ 'rtkoM ch^- 100 veflels of all fizca betwecn- 
 Qiithtl^nB iiMd! Nombre de Dios, of which thcr never 
 dcfti'o;^cd inyl Mleft th^ were fitted out againa then% 
 nor ever detained thb prifoncrs longer than was neccf-' 
 (kry for their own ftc^lity or cancc&lment,'pfovtdtpg 
 for thctn in the fame manner as for themfelves, aad ptD* 
 
 tcitting 
 
To the SOU T H. :> li A and. R <) U N D the WORLD. 
 
 379 
 
 tfedltng them from the malice of the Symerons ; a be- 
 haviour which humanity di«3ates, and which, perhaps, 
 even policy cannot ditapprove. He muH, certainly, 
 meet with obftinate oppolition who makes it equally 
 dangerous to yield as to relift, and who leaves his ene- 
 mies no hopes but from vidory. 
 
 What riches they acquired is not particularly rclatedi 
 but, it is not to be doubted, that the j>lunderof fo many 
 velTcls, together with the filvcr feizcd at Nombre de 
 Dios, muft amount to a very great fum, though the 
 Ihare that was allotted to Drake was not fulhcient to lull 
 him into effeminacy, or to reprcfs his natural inclina- 
 tion to adventures. They arrived at Plymouth on 
 the 9th of Auguft, 1573, on Sunday in the afternoon; 
 and fo much were the people delighted with the news 
 6f their arrival, that they left the preacher, and ran in 
 crouds to the key with (houts and congratulations. 
 
 Drake having, in the voyage juft mentioned, had a 
 y'levf of the South Sea, as has already been related, and 
 formed arcfolution to fail upon it, did not Cuffer him- 
 felf to be diverted from his dcfign by the profiled of 
 any difficulties that might obftruct the attempt, nor any 
 danger that might attend the execution. His reputation 
 was fufficicntly eftabliflied to remove all obftacles Hbr 
 obftaciethe met with), and to obviate the motives that 
 
 Eroduccd them; but it was not till the year 1577, that 
 e wasableto allcmble a force proportioned to his dc- 
 fign, and to obtain a commiflion trom the Queen, by 
 which he was conftituted Captain-General ot a fqua- 
 dtwn, confiding of five veffeJs, of which the Pelican, 
 of 100 tons, was commanded by himfclf as Admiral; 
 the Elizabeth, of 80 tons. Vice- Admiral, commanded by 
 John Wintcn the Marygold, of 30 tons, by John Tho- 
 mas; the Swan, of 50 tons, by John Cheller; and the 
 Chriftopher, of 1 5 tons, by Thomas Moon, the honcft 
 carpenter, who, on the foriiier voyage, dcftroyed the 
 Swan by Drake's direAion. 
 
 Thefe ftiips, equipped partly by himfelf, and partly 
 by other private adventurers, he manned with 1 64 ftout 
 Tailors, and furnilhed with furu i>. vilions as he thought 
 neceflary for fo long and hazji'-' • < oyage: nor did 
 he confine his concern to the . y ■ juipment of his 
 
 Jliips with naval ftores and m f ; ^jreparations, but 
 carried with him whatever he thought might contribute 
 to raife, in thofe nations with which he fhould have in- 
 tcrcourfe, the highefi ideas of the arts and grandeur of 
 his native country. He, therefore, not only procured a 
 complete fervicc of filver-plate for his own table, and 
 fumiilicd the cook-room with many veflcls of the fame 
 metal, but engaged feveral muficians to accompany 
 him; rightly judging, that nothing would more excite 
 the admiration ot favages, or uncivilized people, than 
 the powers of mufic. On this occafion, however, it 
 mufi not be concealed, that he engaged his men on the 
 falfe pretence of failing to Alexandria; and that it was 
 not till after he arrived on the coaft of Brazil, that h« ac- 
 quainted them with his defign of paflingthe Straits, and 
 entering the South Seas, 
 
 On the I tth of Nov. 1 577, about three in the after- 
 noon, he failed from Plymouth ; but a heavy rtorm (fiich 
 as no man on board haclever fccn before), taking him al- 
 tnoft as foonasout of port, forced him into Falmouth, 
 Where he ftaid tiJi tht r3th of December to refit. He 
 then took his departure, and on the 25th of the fame 
 month fell in with the coaft of Barbary, and on the 
 27th cad anchor at the ifland of Mogadore,' about one 
 milediftant from the main, between uhich and the illc 
 they found a very convenient harbour. Here he began 
 to build the pinnaces, the frames of which he brought 
 ready fiom Plymouth tobe put together, as in his forhicr 
 vovago. While t])e carpenters were employed in this 
 fenrice, they were difcovcred bv the Moors that inhabit 
 thoTe coa(h, who (bit two of theirChiefs onboard Drake's 
 fhip, receiving At the fame time two of his company as 
 honages. Thefetnen he notonlytreatedinthemofl hofpi. 
 table manner, but jMvfented themwith fuchthingsasthey 
 appeared mod to admiret it being with him an cllablifl> 
 eainaxitn to endeavour tofecure tn every country a kind 
 teceptiont«(uchEngli(hmcnai(hould come after him. 
 
 by treating the inhabiunts with ki:idncf^ and gciic- 
 rofity. 
 
 Butthis friendly intercourfc was in appearance foon 
 broken; for, on the next day, obferving the Moors 
 making tignals from the land, they fent out their boat, 
 as before, to fetch them to the (hip ; and one John Fr , c 
 leapt afliore, intcndinp; to become an hol^age, as on the 
 former day, when immediately he was fei/.id by the 
 Moors; and the crew obllrving great numbers ftart 
 from behind a rock With weapons intheirhands", thought 
 it next to madnefs to attempt his refcue, and, therefore, 
 provided for their own fecurity by returning to the 
 fliip. Frye was mounted on horfeback, and immedi- 
 ately carried up into the country to their king, who 
 being then in continual expeiflat'on of an invafion from 
 Portugal, fufpeded that thefe (hips were fent only to 
 reconnoitre the coaft, and difcover a proper harbour for 
 a more formidable fleet; but, being informed who they 
 were, and whither they were bound, not only (lifmifitd 
 his captive, but made large offers of fricndflilp and 
 aififtance; which Drake, however, did not (lay to ro- 
 ceivc; but being difgu(ted at this breach of the laws of 
 commerce, ai.d apprehending further treachery, he 
 quitted thecoall on December 31, and on the 17th of 
 January arrivc-d at Cape Blanco, having in their palfagc 
 talccn (cvcral Spanilli velFcls, and found one in the har- 
 bour with no men. 
 
 Here, while Drake was employing his men in catch- 
 ing filb, and training them for land as well as fea fer- 
 vice, the natives came down to the fca-(ide with amber- 
 greafeand other gums, to traffic for fuch commodities 
 as they then ftood moft in need of, and with which 
 Drake very gencroully fupplicd them. 
 
 Having rificdand difchargcd the Spanifli fliips, which 
 they had taken, they failed on the 22d of January to- 
 wards the ifles of Cape Verd, and on the 27th came to 
 anchor before Mayo, hoping tofurnifh thcmfelves with 
 frcfh water; but, having landed, they found the chief 
 town deferted ; and, marching farther up the country, 
 faw the vallies extremely fruitful, and abounding with 
 ripe figs, cocoas, and plantains, but could by no means 
 prevail upon the inhabitants to convcrfc or traffic with 
 them. However, they were fuffered by them to range 
 the country without molefiation, but found no water, 
 except at fuch a diftance from the fea, that the labour of 
 carrying it to their (hips was greater than it was at 
 tliat time neceifary for them to undergo. Salt, had they 
 wanted it, might have been obtained with lefs trouble, 
 being left by the fea upon the fands, and hardened by 
 the fun, during the ebb, in fuch quantities, that the 
 chief traflic of this ifland is carried on by means of it. 
 Thus, though the ifland abounded with goats, poultry, 
 and delicious fruits of various kinds, they could pro- 
 cure none of any confequence, becaufe the Portuguefe, 
 who were then in poflTeflion of it, were prohibited ali 
 commerce with ftrangcrs on very fevcre penalties. 
 
 On the 3 1 ft of January tlicy made St. lago, an ifland 
 at that time divided between the native* and the Portu- 
 guefe, who, firft entering thefe iflinds under the flicw 
 of traffic, by degrees e(\ablilhcd themfelves, claimed a 
 fiipcriority over the natives, and harralTed them with 
 fuch cruelty, that they obliged them either to fly to the 
 woods and mounuins, where many of them pcrifltied 
 with tfunger, or to take arms agaiiift their cpprcflbrs, 
 and, under the infuperable difadvantages with which 
 they contended, to die almoft without a battle. Such 
 treatment had the natives of St. lago received, which 
 had driven them into the rocky parts of the iflarid, 
 from whence they made incurfions into the plantation* 
 of the Portuguefe, fomctimes with lofs, but generally 
 with that fucccfs which defpcration produces ; fo thaf 
 the Portuguefe were in continual alarms, and lived with 
 th< natural confequcnces of guilt, terror, and anxiety. 
 They were wealthy but not happy, and polTcfled the 
 ifland, but did not enjoy it. 
 
 In pafling this ifland, the garrifon of the fort did 
 charged three pieces of cannon at them, but without 
 efVed. For this infult they took a Portuguefe ftiip 
 laden with wines, the pilot of whick they teaiincd, but 
 
 ftt 
 
 i 
 
Il 
 
 ■MtaMU 
 
 380 
 
 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES 
 
 i > I I T , I 
 
 fct the reft of the crew on (he. l. This man. Nunc da 
 Silva by name, was very ufcful to them in traverfirtg 
 the coaft of Brazil, being acquainted with the bays and 
 harbours where frefli water and proviCions were to be 
 obtained. Him they continued to detain captive, 
 though they broke up his ftiip bcfol^ they entered the 
 Straits, till they were about to leave the coafts of Peru, 
 when finding him no longer ferviceable, they fet him 
 on (horc in the Spaniih fettlcmcnts, from whence he af- 
 terwards returned home, and wrote pn account of the 
 voyage as far as he went, which is thought by nuny 10 
 be very auth^-ntic. 
 
 It was foon after the capture of this (hip that a diffep- 
 ence arofe between Drake and his friend, Mr. Thomas 
 Doughty, which, gradually increaling, grew into inve- 
 teracy, and terminated at laft in the death of the latter. 
 Doughty was a gentleman and a fcholar. whom Drake 
 had perfuaded to embark in this expedition to better his 
 fortune; and to whom, till the incident happened which 
 we are about to relate, he had fliewn particular marks 
 of favour and friendfliip; but trivia' beginnings arc 
 often productive of the mod importatit events. 
 
 The ground of the malevolence with which Drake 
 purfued Doughty under the colour of juftice, has hi- 
 therto lain concealed from the public eye ; but wc (hall 
 now trace it, ftepby ftep, till the fatal period when the. 
 unhappy vidlim was brought to the block, and when 
 Drake, by fuflforing revenge to triumph over virtue, left 
 an indelible blot upon his character, which no panegy- 
 ric can wipe away. 
 
 Among the Harleian manufcripts there is a written 
 account of this voyage, in which the author has parti- 
 cubrly had his eye on this tranfauion. As he was an 
 eye-witnefs of all that pafl'ed, his relation will bell ap- 
 pear in his own wi^rds : " Captain Drake, fays he, hav- 
 ing boarded the fliip of Nuno da Sylva, and fcaftcd his 
 eyes with the view of the commodities, he committed 
 the cuftody and well-ordering of this prize unto Maf- 
 ter Thomas Doughty, as his good and cftcemed friend, 
 praying him in any cafe to Ice good order kept, and 
 whofo (hould be the breaker thereof, to give hint to un- 
 derftandofany fuch without exception of any. 
 
 " It thus chanced that General Drake had a brother 
 (not the wifeft man in chriftendom), whom he put into 
 this faid prize, as alfb divers others. This Thomas 
 Drake, as one more greedy of prey than covetous of 
 honcfty or credit, otfcred himfclf the firft and only man 
 to break the General his brother's commandment ; for 
 he, contrary to his ftriifl prohibition, did not only break 
 open a cheft, but did dive fuddenly into the fame, that 
 Mafter Doughty knew not how to difcharge himfclf 
 againft the General but by revealing it unto him ; yet 
 firft Mafter Doughty called Thomas Drake unto him, 
 and (hewed him his great folly in this behalf, who, 
 yielding unto his fault, prayed Mafter Doughty to be 
 
 food unto him, and keep it from the General; but he 
 rieHy told him he could not keep it, but he would de- 
 liver it with w hat favour he might. So at the General's 
 next coming on board the prize, Mafter Doughty 
 opened the (ame unto him, who prefently falling into a 
 rage, not without fame great oaths, feemed to wonder 
 what Thomas Doughty (hould mean to touch his bro- 
 ther; and did, as it were, alFiire himfclf that he had 
 fonie farther meaning in this, and that he meant to 
 ftrike at his credit, and he would not, or could not, by 
 God'j life (as he phrafed it), fuffer it. From this time 
 forth grudges did feem to grow between them from 
 day to day, to the no fmall admiration of the reft of the 
 company, although fomc envying his former favour and 
 fricndniip with the General, andfome, I think, doubt- 
 ing that his capacity would reach too far to the ag- 
 grandizing his crvdit in the country, talked varioufly of 
 the matter ; however, Mafter bought)- wm put again 
 into the Pelican. Thus grudges, although ihcy had 
 not long reflcd, yet were they grown to great extremi- 
 ties, fuch and fogrcatasa man of any Judgment would 
 verily think that nis love towards him in Mngland was 
 more in brave words than hearty good will or friendly 
 love." So writes our author. 
 In proceeding 00 their voyage, they come within 
 
 4 
 
 fight of Fogo, an ifland fo called from a mountain 
 about the middle of it continually burning, and like the 
 reft inhabited by the Portugueic. Two leagues to the 
 fouth of Fogo lies Brava, which has received its nain^ 
 from its fertility, abounding with all kinds offniits.i'nd 
 watered with great niimbcis of fprings and brook;!, hut, 
 having neither harbour Jior anchorage, was at that time 
 uninhabited. 
 
 Drake, having fent out his boats with plumets to 
 found, was not able to find any ground about it ; and 
 it is reported, that many experiments of the like kind 
 have been made without fuccefs. However, he took in 
 water fulficicnt ; and on the 2d of Feb. fet fail for the 
 coaft of Brazil. 
 
 On February the 17th, he palTedthe equator, after 
 being becalmed near three weeks, during, which time 
 they had dreadful ftorms of thunder with lightning, 
 but without any memorable accident, till, continuing 
 their voyage, on Miirch 38, one of their vclFels with 28 
 men, and the greatcft part of the frefli water on board, 
 was, to their great difcouragement, feparated from 
 them t but their perplexity lalted not long, for on the 
 next day they dilcovered her, and (be again joined her 
 alfociates. In their long courfe, which gave them op- 
 portunities of obfervingfeveral animals, ooth in the air 
 and water, at that time very little known, nothing enter- 
 tained or (iirprized them more than the flying-H(h, 
 which is nearly of the fame fize with a herring, and has 
 fins of the length of his whole body, by the help of 
 which, H hen he is purfued by the benito ^ large kind of 
 mackarel), as foon as he finds himfclf upon the point 
 of being taken, he fprings tip into the air, and Hies (br- 
 ward as long as his wings continue wet, moifture be- 
 ing, as it fccms, necelFary to make them pliant and 
 moveable; and, when they become dry and ftitt^ he falls 
 down into the water, unlefs fome velfel intercepts him, 
 and dips them again fora fccond flight. This unhappy 
 animal is not only purfued by fifties in his natural cle- 
 ment, but attacked in the air, where he hopes for fecu- 
 rity, by the don or fpar kite, a great bird that preys upon 
 (ilh ; and their (pecies muft certainly be deftroyed, were 
 not their increafe fo great, that the young fry, in one 
 part of the year, covers that part of the (ca. 
 
 There is another fi(h, named the cuttle, of which 
 whole (hoals Mill fometimes rife at once out of the 
 water, and of which a great multitude fell into their 
 ftiip. 
 
 At length, having failed without (ight of land for 54 
 days, they arrived April the 5th on the coaft of Brazil, 
 " In the mean while, you (hall hear, fays our author, 
 what bcfel: Mafter Drake, never leaving to feck and 
 force upon Mafter Doughty, found, in the end, this op- 
 
 fortunity to degrade him. Whether of purpofe, or 
 is own voluntary, it chanced John Brown the trumpet 
 to go aboard the Pelican, where, for that he had been 
 long abfent, the company offered him a hobby, among 
 the which, Mafter Doughty putting in his hand, faid. 
 Fellow John, you Iball have in my hand, although it be 
 but light amongft the reft; and (b laying his hand on 
 his buttock, which perceived of John Trumpet, he be- 
 gan to fwear wounds and blood to the company to let 
 him loofe, for they are not all (faid he) the General's 
 friends that be here; and with that tuineil him to 
 Mafter Douyhty, and, faid unto him (as himfclf prc- 
 fentlyaftei lold me in the prize) (Jod's wounds, Doughty, 
 what doft thou mean to ufc this familiaritv with me, 
 confidcring thou art not the General's friend; who ntxr 
 fwered him. What, fellow John! what moves you to 
 this, and to ufe thefe words to me, that am as good and 
 as furc a friend to my good General as any jn this place, 
 and I defy him that fliall fay the contrary. But is the 
 matter thus? why yet, fellow John, T pray thee let tne 
 live until I come into England. Thus, John Brown 
 coming again prefently aboard the prize, had not talked 
 any long time with the General, but the boat went 
 idxMird and refted not, but prefentlv brought Mafter 
 Doughty to the prize's (idc, General Drake fitting in 
 the midft of his men, who hearing the boat at the 
 (liip's (ide ftood up. and Mafter I^uiighty offering to 
 take hold of the (hip to hav? entered, faid the General, 
 
To the SOU T n SEA arid ROUND th6 WORLD. 
 
 3'8t 
 
 Stiy there ITionuis Doughty, for I muft fend you to 
 another place, and with that commanded the mariners 
 to row him on board the fly-boat, fayinfj unto him, it 
 was a place more fit for him than that from Whence he 
 came: but Matter Doughty, although he craved to 
 fpeak with the General, could not be permitted, neither 
 would he hear him." Soon after this, the flyboat here 
 mentioned, (called the Swan), was feparated from them 
 by a violent ftorm, " in all whofe abfcncc, fays our au- 
 ther, the General never ceafed to inveigh againft Maf- 
 icr Doughty, terming him aconjurtfrand a witch; and, 
 atany time when we had foul weather, he. would fay 
 that Tom. Doughty was thcoccafion thereof, and that 
 it came out of Tom. Doughty "s capcafe, and would 
 avouch the fame with oaths." 
 
 After the ftorm above-mentioned, they fleered near 
 the land to the fouthward; and on the 14th anchored 
 under a cape, which they afterwards called Cape Joy, 
 becaufc in two days thc^ veflcl that was miffing returned 
 to them. Here they rtfreftied their weary crews, and 
 took in frelh water; but, finding the country, though 
 pleafant without inhabitants, they weighed anchor, 
 and, by running a little farther to the fouthward, found 
 a fmall harbour between a rock and the main, where 
 the rock Licaking the force ol the fea, the fliips rode at 
 anchor with the greattft fcturity. On this rock they 
 killed federal feals, keeping them for fbod, and found 
 them wholefome, though not palatable. 
 
 Their next courie was diredled to the great river of 
 Plate, in 36 dtg. of fouth latitude; but. not finding 
 anchorage in that river, they failed in queft of a more 
 convenient harbour, when they were furprizcd by a 
 fuddcn ftorm, in which they again loft fight of the fly- 
 boat. This accident determined Drake to contrad the 
 number of his ftiips. that he might not only avoid the 
 inconvenience of luch fretjuent (eparations, but eafe the 
 labour of his men, by having more hands in each vef- 
 fel. For this purpofc he failed along the coaft ; and on 
 May the 13th difcovered a bay. which, though it pro- 
 mifed fair, he durft not enter before it « as examined : 
 -he, therefore, ordered his boat to be hoifted out, and, 
 taking the line into his own hand, went on founding the 
 pafiage till he was three leagues from his ftiip, when on 
 a fudden the weather changed, the Ikies blackened, the 
 wind rofe, and all the ufuaf forerunners of & ftorm be- 
 gan to threaten them. Nothing was now thought of 
 but the means of returning to the ftiip ; but the thick- 
 nefs of the fog intercepting it from rheir fight, made 
 the attempt almoft impradicable. In this pcrple'uty, 
 which Drake was not more fcnfible of chan tho«c whom 
 he had left in the fliips, nothing was to be omitted, 
 however dangerous, that might tend to extricate them 
 from it. Captain Thomas, therefore, having the lighteft 
 veflel, fleered boldly into the bay, and, taking the Ad- 
 miral on board, dropt anchor, and lay out of danger; 
 while the reft that were in the open fea fufl«fcd much 
 from the tempeft, and the Mary (the Portugucie priae) 
 was driven before the wind. 1 he others, as foon as the 
 tempeft was over, difcovcring by the fires that were 
 made on fliore where Drake was, repaired to him. 
 
 Here they met with no inhabitants, though there 
 were feveral wigwams or huts ftanding, in which they 
 Jonnd fomc.dried fowls, and among them oftriches, of 
 which the thighs were as large as thofe of a ftieep. 
 Thefe birds are too unweildy to rife from the ground ; 
 but with the help of their wings, or rather flumps, they 
 run fo fwiftly, that the Englim could never come near 
 enough to ihoot any of them. 
 
 Not finding this harbour convenient, or well ftored 
 yith wood and water, they left it on the 1 5th of May, 
 and.on the 1 8th entered another much fafer and more 
 commodious, which they no fooner arrived at, than Drake 
 fent VVinter to the fouthward infearch of thofe fliips that 
 were abfent, and immediately after failed himfelf to 
 the northward, and happily meeting with the Swan, 
 conducted her to the reft of the fleet; after which, in 
 purfuanceof his former refolution, he ordered her to 
 be broken up, preferving the iron work for a fiiture 
 fupply. The ott^er vclTei which was feparated in the 
 
 late ftorm, could not be difcovered. While they Wert 
 thus employed upon an illand about a mile from the 
 main land, to which, at low water there was a paflagt on 
 foot, they were difcovered by the natives, who appeared 
 upon a hill at a diftance, dancing, and holding up their 
 hands, as beckoning to the Englifli to come to thein, 
 which Drake obfcrving, fent out a boat with knivesj 
 bells, and bugles, and luch things as by theif ufefulnefs 
 or novelty he imagined would be agreeable. As foon 
 as the Englifli landed, thev obferved two men running 
 towards them as deputed by the company, wh& came 
 within a little diftance, and then ftslnding ftill, could 
 not be prevailed upon to come nearer. The Englifli, 
 therefore, tied their prefents to a pole, which they fixed 
 in the ground, and then retiring, faw the Indians adr 
 vancc, who taking what they found upon the pole, left 
 in return fuch feathers as they wore upon their heads, 
 with a fmall bone about fix inches in length, carved 
 round the top and burniftied. Drake oblerving their 
 inclination to friendfliip and traffic, advanced witnfomc 
 of his company towards the hill, upon fight of whom 
 the Indians ranged themfelves in a line from eaft to 
 weft, and one of them running from one end of the 
 rank to the other, backwards and forwards, bowed him- 
 felf towards the rifing and fetting of the fun, holding 
 his hands oVcr his head, and, frequently flopping in the 
 middle of the rank, leaped up towards the moon, which 
 then ftione directly over their heads ; thus calling the 
 fun and moon, the deities they worfliip, to witnefs to 
 the fincerity of their profeffions of peace and friend- 
 fliip. While this ceremony was performing, Drake and 
 his company afccndcd the hill, to the apparent terrot 
 of the Indians, whofe apprehenfions when the Englifli 
 perceived, they peaceably retired, which gave the na- 
 tives fo much encouragement, that they came forward 
 immediately, and exchanged their arrows, feathers, and 
 bones, for fuch trifles as were offered them. Thus they 
 traded forfome time; but by frequent intercourfe, find- 
 ing that no violence . was intended, they became fami- 
 liar, and mingled with the Englifli without the leaft 
 diftruft. They go quite naked, except the flcin of fomc 
 animals, which they throw over their flioulders when 
 they walk or lie in the open air. They roll up their 
 hair, which is very long, with a plume of oflrich's fea- 
 thers, and ufually flick their arrows in it, that they may 
 not encumber them, they being made with reeds headed 
 with flint, and therefore not heavy. Their bows are - 
 about an ell long. Their chief ornament is paint, 
 which they ufe of feveral kinds, delineating generally 
 upontheirbodies the figures of the fun and moon in 
 honour of their deities. 
 
 It is obfervable, that the inhabitants of moft nations 
 amongfl whom the ufe of cloaths is unknown, paint 
 their bodies. Such was the pradicc of the inhabit- 
 ants of our own country. To this cuftom did our ear- 
 Heft enemies, the Fids, owe their denomination. As it 
 is not probable that caprice or fancy fliolild be uniform, 
 there muft be doubtlefs fome rcafon for a jlnnftice fo 
 general, and prevailing in diftant parts of the world 
 which have no communication witn each other. The 
 original end of painting their bodies was probably l'> 
 exclude the cold; an end, which, if we believe fome 
 relations, is fo etfedlually produced by it, that the meri 
 thud painted never fliivcrat the m.oil piercing blaftsi 
 but, doubtltrs, any people fo hardened by continual fe- 
 verities, would, even without paint, be Icfs lenfible of 
 the cold than the civilized inhabitants of the fame cli- 
 mate. However, this practice may contribute in fome 
 degree to defend them Irom the injuries of winter, arid, 
 in thofe climates where little evaporates by the pores, 
 may be ufcd with no great inconvenience: but in hot 
 countries, where perfpiration in a greater degree is he- 
 ceflary, the natives only ufe undion to prelerve them 
 from the other extreme of weather, or more probably, 
 from the inconvenience of the Hies, which, were it not 
 for that or fomc fuch defence, would be intolerable. 
 
 Thefe favages had no canoes, like the other Indians, 
 nor any method of croffing the water ; which was pro- 
 bably the reafon why the birds in the adjacent iflands 
 5 D were 
 
 hi 
 
 litl 
 
 I 
 
382 
 
 SiK FRANCIS D R AK E's VOy A G li S 
 
 "\ 
 
 itt 
 
 were To umc that they might be ukcn with the hand, 
 havinc never been before friuhtcd or tnolefted. The 
 birds here fpokcn of are, without doubt, the penguins 
 of which To anipleadefcription is given in the Voyages 
 of Byron and Wallis. The great plenty of thcfe fowls, 
 and of the fcals that were round cvery-where on the 
 fhores of this coaft, contributed much to the refrefh- 
 ment of the Englifti, who named the bav where they 
 Uien lay, Sial-bay, from the number they there killed of 
 thofc animals. 
 
 Thcfe feals feem to be the chief food of the natives t 
 for the Englifli often found raw pieces of their flefh 
 half eaten, and left, as they fuppoled, after a fiiU meal, 
 by the favagcs, whom they never knew to make ufe of 
 fire, or any art in drefling or preparing their vidhials. 
 Nor were their other cuftoms lefs wild or uncouth than 
 their way of feeding. One of them, having received a 
 cap off the Generars head, and being extremely pleafcd. 
 as well with the honour as the pft, to exprefs his gra- 
 titude, retired to a little diftance, and thrufting an ar- 
 row into his leg, let the blood run upon the ground, tef- 
 tifying, as it is probable, that he was ready to flicd his 
 blood in his defence. 
 
 When the Swan fly-boat wasfeparated from the fleet 
 in the ftorm off the coafl of Brazil, the crew, defpair- 
 ing of ever beingable to rejoin it, began to be in fear 
 for provifions. They were on a dcfart coafl, bad no 
 place of rendezvous, and were ignorant even of their 
 
 Slacc of deftination. In this untoward fituation a 
 ifpute arofe among the officers, of which the author of 
 the manufcript before cited, gives the following relation: 
 —He had already taken notice that Matter Thomas 
 Doughty had been fcnt on board th.s vefTel as a kind of 
 punilhment.and in truth fo it proved ; for the mailer of 
 the vefTel, who fcems alfo to have been the purfer, 
 knowing upon what terms he flood with Drake, took 
 every occalion to infult, or, as our author's phrafe is, to 
 difcredit him; for thofc were always ranked among 
 Drake's friends who were enemies to Mafler Doughty. 
 " This man, forefeeing that provifions might run fhort, 
 put himfcif from the mefs of Mafler Doughty, Cap- 
 tain Chcflcr, and the refl of the gentlemen, and did fet 
 himfelf amongfl the failors, nothmg at all fparing. but 
 rather augmenting his own diet; but how fcantily thofe 
 gentlemen did fare, there be fome come home, that, ex- 
 cept they will deny their own words, can make relation 
 thereof. 
 
 " Mafler Doughty, with Mafler Oiefler, whom the 
 General had made Ckptain of the fly-boat, found them- 
 felves fo ill ufed, that Mafler Doughty accofled his 
 friend one day in thefe words: I marvel. Mafler Chef- 
 ter.thatyou will take it at his hands to be thus ufcd,con- 
 fidering that you were here authorized by the General to 
 be our Commander. And, at the fame time.hefpokets 
 the Mafler, and told him. that he ufed fo much partiality 
 in the diflribution of his provifions, that the fame could 
 not be borne, confidcring the extremity they were like 
 to fall into for want of vidluals; and that it was againfl 
 rcafon that he and his meffmates fhould be fo plentifully 
 fed, while others were at the point to flarve. The 
 Mafler hereat putting himfcif in a rage, fwore that fuch 
 rafcnJs u he was, fhould be glad to eat ihe fhoals (hufks) 
 when he would have them. Mafler Doughty anfwered 
 him again, that reafon would will that he fhould be 
 ufed as well as other men, confidering his advantages. 
 Thou any advantage here! replied the Mafler, I would 
 not give a point for thee nor thy advantages ; and if ever 
 thou cQmefl home to enjoy any advantages, t will be 
 trufTed up. Then in multiplying words, and as I heard 
 a blow or two pafling between them, the Mailer, in 
 the fpleen of his heart, looking at him with an evil 
 eye. Thou! will thou have vidnials! thou fhaltbcglad, 
 if we do not meet with the General, the rather to cat 
 that fells from my uil on the anchor-fluke ere thou 
 gettcfl home again. Then Mafler Doughty, turning 
 to Mafler Chetler. faid unto him, Mafler Chcfler, let 
 Hs not be thus ufed at this knave's hands. Lofe nothing 
 of that authority that the General committed unto you. 
 If you will, we will putthe fword into your hands again, 
 tfid you (hall have the government. This cafe Iwill 
 
 aver to be true, for there were two or three witneflcs 
 fwom to thefe articles, as fome of the Ibccial matter 
 that he had to lofe his head for." 
 
 Itwaa not many days after this quarrel before the 
 Swan fell inaraiin with the fleet; when Drake, as has 
 been faid. cauTed her to be hauled on fhore. fet on fire, 
 and burnt ; or, as others fay, broke up and converted 
 into fire-wood for the ufe of the fleet. 
 
 Mr. Doughty, being here delivered from the fly-boat, 
 was again reflored to the Pelican, where the mafter 
 with whom he had the Jifpute appears to have pre- 
 ferred a complaint againfl him, and with fuch-aggnva. 
 tions as he thought proper to add; all which were fa- 
 vourably heard, and credit given to the whole relation 
 by the General, who wanted only a pretence to per- 
 fevcre in his feverity to the man who, being once his 
 favourite, was now become the objedl of his moll inve- 
 terate hatred. Doughty, provoked, no doubt, by the 
 mifreprefentations of the mafler. and the partiality with 
 which they were heard, gave the General fome oppro- 
 bnous language. adding, "that the lightefl worcTihat 
 came out of his (Doughty 's) mouth was to be believed 
 as foon as the Genersl's 01th. Whereupon the General 
 did not only flrike him. but ccmmanded him to be 
 bound to the mafl; for the accomolifhmcnt of which, 
 the mafler of the fly-boat took no little pains. This 
 happened as the two fhips (the Pelican and the Canter) 
 lay together; and as foon as Doughty was releafed, he 
 was put into the Canter, although greatly againfl his 
 will, for that he faid he knew them to be there that 
 fought his life, as namely the mafler of the fly-boat, 
 and fome other defpente and unhonefl people; but 
 would he or no, thither he mufl, or elfe the General 
 fwore he would lift him out with the uckle, and for 
 that purpofc commanded the uckle to be loofed. Thus 
 aboard the Canter he went, and his brother John 
 Doughty with him." The Canter was a vefTel ukcn 
 from the Spaniards on thecoaflof Africa. 
 
 While they lay in this harbour, there is one renurk- 
 able incident related by this author that deferves parti, 
 cular notice, as it tends to illuflrate the previous ftepi 
 that were purfued to accomplifh the ruin of this unfor- 
 tunate gentleman. 
 
 " On board the fly-boat, fays he, was one Thonuu 
 Cuttle, who fome time had been Captain of the Pelican 
 under Drake, with whom the General had been tam- 
 pering. This man came out from him in great wrath, 
 and oflfering to go over to the main, between the which, 
 and the ifland where they then lay, was (as has been 
 faid) but a fhallow water. He, Handing well nigh up 
 to the middle in the water with his piece, uttered thefe 
 words. Well, my Maflers, quoth he, I find I am hea- 
 vily borne with here, becaufe I will not accufb this 
 gentleman (meaning Doughty) of that, as I take 
 God to witnefs, i know not by him; and, there- 
 fore, I declare before you all, that, whatfoever be- 
 comes of me, I never knew any thing by him but to be 
 the General's friend ; and, rather than I will bide this 
 hard countenance at the General's hands, I will yield 
 myfelf into cannibals, hands; andfo I pray you all to 
 pray for me." 
 
 After this public declaration the man departed; 
 and, having reached the oppofite fhore, he went up 
 .into the country, where firing his piece to bring the na- 
 tives to him. Drake taking it for a fignal that he wanted 
 to return, fcnt a boat over to the main, and brouriit him 
 back. 
 
 Jufl before their departure from this harbour, which 
 lay in a bay a little to the fouthward of Cape Hope, 
 " Capuin Drake himfcif came on board thcElizabetht 
 and calling all the company together, told them, that 
 he was to fend thither a couple of men, the which he 
 did not know how to carry along with him this voyage, 
 and go through therewithal, as namely, quoth he, Tho- 
 mas LJoughty, who is a commotioner and a feditious fel- 
 low, and a very bad and lewd fellow, and one that I 
 have made that reckoning of as of my left handt and 
 his brother the young Doughty, a witch, apoifoner, and 
 fuch a one as the world cannot Judge of; having hit 
 knowledge from the dc\ il ; and (o warning the com- 
 
 jpany 
 
To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 383 
 
 Elfiy that none (hould fbcak to them, nor ufe any con- 
 rence with thetni if tney did, he would hold them ai 
 hia enemiei, and enemiet to the vovagc. And he 
 willed that great carefhould be taken that they (hould 
 neither write nor readi and that he declared what 
 wealth the worft boy in the fleet (hould get by this voy- 
 «ge» and how the worft boy (hould never nerd to go 
 again to Uol, but (hould be able to live in England with 
 • right good gentleman; for, quoth he, you Ihall fee 
 that we will have gold come- as plentiful as wood into 
 the Ihipa. Having finilhcd his fpeech, he departed, 
 and (hortly after fent the faid Thomas Doughty and 
 hia brother aboard the Elizabeth, commanding them, 
 u they would anfwer it with their lives, not to fvt pen 
 to paperriior yet to read but what every man might un- 
 dcmand and fee. And fure, adds our author, their en* 
 tertainment there was accordingly; for men durft not 
 fpeak to thent, althoiigh willingly perhaps they would ( 
 and as their fare was with the fimplcfl in the (hip, fo 
 wu their lodsing. But he, Thomas Doughty, having 
 agreed with the boatfwain of the (hip for a cabin which 
 Hood, God knows, in an Mncomfortaole room, yet muft 
 he pay 3I. for the fame in England. But what came 
 of this to the poor fellow ! he was fain for his friendly 
 u(ing him to lofe hia office, and continue in heavy dif- 
 plealure." 
 
 Having (laid fifteen days in the harbour, during which 
 time they continued their friendly intercourfc with the 
 lavages, on June the 3d they fet fail towards the South 
 Sete, and fix days afterwards (lopt at a little bay to break 
 up the Chriflophcr, which from the fmallnefs of its 
 lize was founa incapable of living in thofe boifterous 
 Teas, of which, before they entered them, they had con 
 ceived na adequate idea. Then pafTing on, they found 
 it nccc(rary to caft anchor in another bay. with a view 
 to recover the Portuguefe prize, which was fcparated 
 from them in the (lonn of the 37th of April, and had 
 not yet rejoined them. To return in fcarch of it was 
 fufficiently mortifying; to proceed without it, was not 
 only to oeprive themfelvcs of a conftdcrable part of 
 their force, but to expofc their friends and companions, 
 who had volunurily embarked on board her, to ccruin 
 death or certain captivity. This confideration pre- 
 vailed: and, therafore, on the i8th, after prayers to 
 God, with which Drakie (for example's fake) never for> 
 
 got to bcsin an entcrprize, he put to fea, and the next 
 ay near Port Julian difcovered their aflociates, whofe 
 (hip was now grown leaky, having fuffered much in the 
 firt^. ."^orm by which they were fcparated, and afterwards 
 •'.< the truitlefs attempts to regain the fleet. Drake, 
 therefore, being delirous to relieve their fatigues, en- 
 tered Port Julian, They no fooner landed than they 
 were accofted by two of the natives, of whom Ma- 
 
 SiUan left a very terrible account, having defcribed 
 em aa a lutioA of giants and monftcrs -. nor did they 
 find his narrative entirely without foundation ; for the 
 leaftof thofe they faw was larger and taller than the 
 laigeft of their company. The two who accollcd the 
 Engliflrappeared much pleafed with their new guefls, 
 received willingly whatever was given them, and very 
 exal^ly (obferved every thing that paffcd, fceming more 
 particularly delij^ted with feeing Oliver, the mafler- 
 ffunner, Inootan Engli(h arrow. They (hot themfelves 
 ukewife, in emulation, but their arrows always fell to 
 the ground fiir (hort of his. 
 
 Soon after this friendly conteft came another, who; 
 obferving 'the fiuniliarity of his countrymen with the 
 (Grangers, appeared much difpleafedi and, as thcEng- 
 li(hmeo perceived, endeavoured to pcrfuade them from 
 fiich an lAtercourfe. What eifedl his aimimcnts had 
 was fotm ai^r apparent! for another of Drake's com- 
 panions, being defirous to (hew the third Indian a fpe- 
 cimen of the uiglifh valour and dexterity, attempted 
 likewife to (hoot an arrow > but drawing it with his full 
 Ibrce, burft the bow-flring: upon which, the Indians, 
 who were unacquainted with their other weapons, ima- 
 gining them di(anned, followed the company aa.they 
 were walking negligently down towards their boat, and 
 let fly their arrowi, aiming particularly at Winter, who 
 
 i 
 
 had the bow in his hand. He, finding hiinrclfwuundci 
 in the (houldcr, endeavoured to refit his bow ; and. 
 turning about, was pierced with a fccond arrow in the 
 breafV. Oliver, the gunner, immediately prcfenrcd his 
 piece at ^he infidious alTailants, which failing to take 
 fire, gave them time to level another Hight of afrows, 
 by which he was killed ; nor, perhaps, had any of them 
 cicapcd, furprized and perplexed as they were, had not 
 Drake animated their i ourage, and diretfted their mo- 
 tions, ordering them, by perpetually changing their 
 places, to elude as much a*; might be the aim of their 
 enemies, and to defend their bodies with their targets ; 
 and inftrudHng them l>y his own example to piiK up 
 and break the arrowi an rhev fell, which they did witn 
 fo much diligence that the mdians were foon in danger 
 of being diiarmed. Then Drake himfclf taking the 
 gun, which Oliver had fo unfuccefsfully attempted to 
 make ufe of, difcharged it at the Indian that hill be- 
 
 gan the fray and had killed the gunner, aiming it fo 
 appily that the hail-lhot, with which it was loa'ded, 
 tore open his belly, and forced him to fuch terrible 
 outcries, that the Indians, though their numbers in- 
 creafcd, and many of them (hewed themfelves from dif- 
 ferent parts of an adjoining wood, were too much ter- 
 rified to renew the ailault ; and fuffered Drake without 
 moleflation to withdraw his wounded friend, who, be- 
 ing hurt in his lungs, languifhed two days, and then dy- 
 ing, was interred with his companion with the ufual 
 ceremony of a military funeral. 
 
 They (laid here two months after this quarrel, with- 
 out receiving any other injuries from the natives, in 
 which time tney difcovered the gibbet on which Ma- 
 gellan had foriiicrly executed fome of his mutinous 
 company, and where " Drake, according to the wri- 
 ters o*" he Biographia Briunnica, did the leaft com- 
 menaablc aflion of his life, in executing Mr. John 
 Doughty, a man next in authority to himfclf; in which, 
 however, he prefervcd a great appearance of juftice." 
 
 To clear this matter fully, it will be necelTary to bring 
 together the fubdance of what thefc authors have faid 
 on the ful>jeifl, and then to add the plain relation from 
 the manuicript already quoted. 
 
 • Here it was (at Port St. Julian), fay thcfe writers, 
 that on a fudden. having carried the principal perfons 
 engaged in the fervice to a defart ifland lying in the bay, 
 he called a kind of council of war, or rather court mar- 
 tial, where he expofcd his commiflion, by which the 
 Queen granted him the power of life and death, which 
 was delivered him with this remarkable expredion from 
 her own mouth ; " We do account , that he, Drake, who 
 (Irikcs at thee, does (Irike at us." He then laid open, 
 -with great eloquence, (for, though his education was 
 but indifferent, he had a wonderful power of fpeech) 
 the caufe of this alTembly.' He proceeded next to 
 charge Mr. John Doughty, "who had been fecond in 
 command, during the whole voyage," when Drake 
 was prefent, and firll in hia abfence, with plotting tht 
 deflrudlion of the undertaking, and themuider of his 
 perfon. He faid he had the hrft notice of this gentle- 
 man's bad intentions before he left England ; but that 
 he was in hopes his behaviour towards him, would have 
 extinguifhed fuch difpofition, if there had been any 
 truth ui the information. He then appealed for his be- 
 haviour to the whole afTembly, and to the gentleman 
 accufed. He next expofed his pradliccs from the time 
 that he left England, while he lived towards him with 
 all the kindnefs and cordiality of a brother; which 
 charge he fupported by producing papers under his 
 own hand, to which Mr. Doughty added a full and 
 free confelllon. After this, the Capuin, or, as in the 
 language of thofe times he is called, the General, quitted 
 the place, telling the aflembly he expedcd that they 
 (hould pafs a verdid upon him, for he would be no 
 judge in his own caufe. Chmden, as the readep will 
 fee, fays, that he tried hith by a jury; but, other ac- 
 counts affirm, that the whole forty perfons of which the 
 court was compofed, had judged him to death, and 
 gave this in writing under their hands and feals, leaving 
 the time and manner of it to the Qeneral. Mr. Doughty 
 
 himfelf 
 
 i 
 
 I 'I 
 
 'hi 
 
 -Il 
 
 ii 
 
 ti 
 
 i 
 
iU 
 
 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES 
 
 •'1 
 
 HI 
 
 1 1.(1 
 I'll 
 
 \4 
 
 \4 
 
 9 ■ 
 
 himftir fald, that he dcfircd rather to die by the hands 
 of juAice thin to be his own executioner. Upon this. 
 Captain Drake having maturely weighed the whole 
 matter, prefented three points to Mr. Ewughty's choice: 
 firft, to oe executed upon the ifland where they wcrci 
 next, to be fct on (bora on the main land; or, laftly, to< 
 be Cent home to abide the jufticc of his countiy. He 
 defired he might have till the next dav to conuder of 
 thefe, which was allowed him, and then, giving his 
 reafons for rejcdline the two \af[, he declared that he 
 made the firft his choice; and, having received the fa- 
 crament with the General, from the hands of Mr. 
 Francis Fletcher, Chaplain to the fleet, and made a full 
 ronfefTion, his head was cut off with an axe by the Pro- 
 voft-Marfhal, July the ad, 1578. 
 
 ' As to the impuution which this matter brought 
 upon Drake, we will firft cite « hat Camden fays of this 
 tranfadion: " On the 36th of April, entering into the 
 mouth of the river of Plate, he faw an infinite number 
 of fea-calves; from thence failing into the haven of 
 St. Julian he found a ^bbct, fet up, as it was thought, by 
 Magellan for the punifhment of certain mutineers. In 
 this very place John Doughty, an induftrious and (lout 
 man, and the next unto I^nke, was called to his trial 
 for railing a mutiny in the fleet, found guilty by twelve 
 men after the Englilh manner, and condemned to death, 
 which he futfered undauntedly, being beheaded, hav. 
 ing firft received the holy communion with Drake. 
 And, indeed, the moft impartial pcrfons in the fleet 
 were of opinion, that he had adled feditioufly, and that 
 Drake cut him off as an emulator of his glory, and one 
 that regarded not fo much who he himfelf excelled in 
 commendation for fea matters, as who he thought niight 
 equal him 5 yet wanted there not fome who, pretending 
 to underftand things better -ithan others, g.ivc out that 
 Drake had in charge from Leiccrtcr to take off Doughty 
 upon any pretence whatever, bccaufe he had reported 
 that the Earl of Eflcx was made away by the cunning 
 pradlices of that Earl." 
 
 ' We find this matter, add the writers juft cited, 
 touched in fcveral other books, and particularly in two, 
 which were written on purpofe to expofe the Earl of 
 Leicefter, and, perhaps, deferving the lefs credit for that 
 reafon. 
 
 « It may be offered in defence of Sir Francis Drake, 
 that this man was openiy put to death, after as fair a 
 trial as thecircumftancesof time and place would per- 
 mit ; that he fubmitted patiently to his fentence, and 
 received the facrament with Drake, whom he embraced 
 immediately before his execution. Bcfides thefe, there 
 are two points that deferve particular confideration: 
 firft, that, in fuch expeditions, ftridl difcipline, and legal 
 feverity, areoften abfoluiely necefTary-. fecondly, that, 
 as to the Earl of EfTex, *br whofe death Doughty had 
 expreflfed concem.he was Drake's firftpatron, and it is, 
 therefore, very improbable he (hould deftroy a man for 
 endeavouring to dete& his munkrer. - We may add to 
 all this, if liberty may be indulged to comcillures, that 
 this man, prcfuming upon the Earl of Lciceftcr's fa- 
 vour (who very prol»bly impofed him upon Drake to 
 be rid of him), was from thence encouraged to form dc> 
 fignsagainft I)rake: and this might alio be the reafon 
 whichhindered him from inclining to an abfolute par- 
 don, as doubting whether it was poflible to truft one 
 who had (0 f&r abufed his confidence already, and whofe 
 known intereft with fo great a man might always enable 
 him to find inftruments, in cafe he was wicked enough 
 to enter upon frefti intrigues.' 
 
 We (hall juft renurk upon what is above quoted, 
 thatthc authors do not fecm to have been well informed : 
 for fbey have all along imputed to John Doughty what 
 related to his brother Thomas; and, if credit mav be 
 given to the author of the manufcript (John Cook by 
 name), this unfortunate Thomas fell a facrifice to 
 Drake's refentment. " On this ifland in Port St. Ju- 
 lian, fays he, pafTed many matters, which, I think, God 
 would not have to be concealed, efpecially for that they 
 tended to murder; for he (Drake) fpewed out againft 
 Xhmnas Doughty hi« y^nQOn Here he ended »\l hi» 
 
 I 
 
 conceived hatred, not by courtcfy and frietidly rerort- 
 cilcment, but by moft tyrannical blood -fpi I ling; for he 
 wasi never quiet while he lived, who in wilUom and ho* 
 nelt government as far furpaffed him, as he in tyranny 
 furpaflcd all men. The world never committed a fadt 
 like unto this ; for here he murdered him that, if h« 
 had well looked unto himfelf, had been a m->re fbreand 
 ftcdfatt friend unto him than ever was Pythias to his 
 friend Damon, as I think the fequel of this cafe will 
 ftiew. 
 
 " The laft day of June, the General himfelf, being 
 fet in a place of judgment, and having the whole coni- 
 rany brought on fliore, aiil having Captain John 
 Thomas fet clofe by him, who opened • bundle of 
 papers that were rolled up together, wherein was writ- 
 ten divers and fundry articles, the which, before they 
 were read, the General fpoke unto the purport of them, 
 and turning himfelf to Thomas Doughty, who wa« 
 there prcfcnt, being before brought thimer more like M 
 thief than a gentleman of honeft converfation, he be>. 
 gan his charge thus: Thomas Doughty, you have here 
 fought by divers means, in as much as you may, to 
 difcredit me, to the great hinderance and overthrow of 
 this voyage; befidcs other great matters with which I 
 have to charge you, the wliich, if you can clear your- 
 felfof, you and I (hall be very good friends ; whereof if 
 you cannot, you have dcfcrvcd death. Maftcr Doughty 
 anfwered. It fliould never be approved that he had 
 merited ill by undertaking any villainy towards him. 
 By whom, quoth the General, will you be tried ? Why, 
 good General, laid he, let mc live to come unto my 
 country, and I will there be tried by.her Majefty's laws. 
 Nay, Thomas Doughty, faid he, I will here impannci a 
 jury on you to enquire into thofc matters that I have to 
 charge you withal. Why, General, replied Doughty, I 
 hope you will fee your Commiflion be good. I'll war- 
 rant you, anfwered the General, my Commiflion is good 
 enough. I pray you then let us fee it, faid Maftcr 
 Doughty; it is neccffary that it ftiould bc'here fhewn. 
 Well, quoth he, you flull not fee it. Then, addrefling 
 himfclt to the company. You fee, my Mafters, how this 
 fellow is full of prating, bind me his arms, for I will be 
 fafeof my life. My Mafters, you that be my good 
 friends, I'hotfias Good, Gregory — — , you there, my 
 friends, bind him; fo they took and bound his arms 
 behind him. Then he uttered diven furious words 
 unto Thomas Doughty, as charaing him to be the man 
 that poifoned my Lord of Emc*; whereas Mafter 
 Doughty avouched it to his face, that he was the man 
 that brought the General firft to the prefence of my 
 Lord in England.. Thou bring ME, quoth the General, 
 to my Lord 1 See. my Mafters, fee here how he goeth 
 about to difcredit me. This fellow with my Lord was 
 never of any eftimation. I think he never came about' 
 him as a gentleman; for I that was daily with my Lord 
 never faw him there above once, and that was long after 
 my entertainment with my Loid. 
 
 " Then, in fine, was there a jury called, whereof 
 Matter John Winter was foreman. Then by John 
 Thonnas were the articles read unto thein. even once 
 over for a laft fiirewel, for fear, that men ihould have 
 carried them away by memory; all which appeared to 
 confift of wordsof unkindnefis, and to proceed of fome 
 chqler when the prifoner was provoked, all which 
 Doughty did not greatly deny; until at length came in 
 one Edward Bright, whofe honefty of life 1 have no- 
 thing to do with, who faid, Nay, Thomas Doughty, we 
 have other matter for you. yet, that will a little nearer 
 touch you. It will i' fiiith bite you to the girfkin. I 
 pray thee, Ned Bright, faid the prifoner, charge me with 
 nothing but truth, and f'parc ine not. 1 hen John 
 Thomas read further for iiis laft article to conclude the 
 whole withal. That Thomas Doughty fliould fay to 
 Edward Bright, in Mafter Drake's garden, that the 
 Queen's Majcfly and Council, would be corrupted. So 
 Bright holding up his Angers, faid. How like ye this 
 gare.iirrah! Why, Ned Bright, faid Mafter Doughty, 
 what ihould induce thee thus to bclye me ? thou knoweil 
 that, fuch familiarity was never between thee and me: 
 
 but 
 
m' 
 
 Ji/A/ifMl tf^/fvrjK^,-\.^Ailfriti>ftfi-Jlffir.JpH<i'M . 
 

 1 
 J 
 
 
 Hi 1 
 
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 H 
 
 
 i ^ 
 
 
 'F 
 
 1 
 
 
 .<i; 
 
 i 
 
 it 
 
To the S t> U I .H S K A ;irul R < ' U 
 
 I) 
 
 VV >) \i. I, 1). 
 
 3« 
 
 Ini; It miy i)c, that 1 have I'.iiil, it wcbroii^;ht homcuoUi, 
 v^L- lliMulil he the hctt^cr wtlcomci hut yet this ii more 
 th.iii I lio ri'iuciiihcr.' 'I lu'U it lamc nut, on l.irthii 
 cvitlcn f, thai Mallyf, I^uj!;hiy ihouM fay, that my 
 Voi'l Ircifiirir had a plot of the prillnt voyage. No, 
 that he haih not, i|ucith (JLncral Drake. 1 he oth;jr 
 repliiil, that he haJ, and had it ot him. Str, my Mai- 
 lers, fail! Drake, what this leliow hath done, (iod 
 will have his treachery all known i tiir her Majelly nave 
 mc fpeeial toiunumlment, that of all in ■< my l.ord 
 
 Treafunr fliouKI not know iti but joii lie hn own 
 mouth hath bewrayed hiin; fo this was a I'ljciial artK le 
 ttgainrt him to hurt his throat, and greatly he letmedto 
 rejoice ai this advantaj^e. 
 
 " 'I'hcn MalU-r 13«)Uj^hty offered him, if he would 
 permit him to live, and to anfwer thcfe objections m 
 Kn^land, he woidd fet his hand to whatfo was there 
 written, or to any thing ellV tliat he would fct down. 
 Well, once let thefe men, mioih the CJeneral, hrll lind 
 whether you are jjuilty in this or no, and then we will 
 talk furtner of the matter. Ami ihen he delivered 
 (after they had all tak.n their oaths given by John 
 'rhomas) the bills of indidnient, as 1 may term them, 
 unto Mr. John Winter, who wui foreman of this inquell. 
 
 I'hcn Mailer Leonard Vicary, a very alliired friend of 
 Mafter Thomas Doughty's, laid unto him, Cenii.il, 
 this is not law, nor agreeable to juftice, that you ollir. 
 1 have not to do w ith you ciafiy lawyers, neither do 1 
 tare for the lav i but I know what I will do. Why, 
 ijuoth MalUr Vicary, who was one o( his jury, I know 
 not how we may anfwer his life. Well, M.iller Vi- 
 laiy, quoth he, y"u Hull not have to do with his lifej 
 let me alone with thati you are but to find whether 
 he le guilty in thcfe articles that here are objected 
 againit him, or no. Whv, very well, faid Mafler Vi- 
 c.iVy, then there is, I trull, no matter of death. Noj 
 no, Milhr Vicary, quoth hej lb with this the jury went 
 ti,igLther, finding all to be true, without any doubt or 
 ftoumade, but only to that article that Edward Bright 
 had objected againll him i for it was doubted of fome 
 whether Bright were fufiicient with his only word to 
 CJ(Il away the lilc of a man. And truly it did argue 
 rmallhoncl>y in a man to conceal fuch a matter if it 
 had been fpokcn in England, and to utter it in this 
 place where will was law, and reafon put in exile) for, 
 an honcll fubjeCk would not have concealed fuch mat- 
 ter, which made fome doubt of an honell dealing. But, 
 to be brief, anfwer was made, that Bright was a very 
 honcft manj and fo the vcrditlt being given in, it was 
 told to the General, that there was doubt made of 
 Bright's honefly. Why, quoth Maftcr Drake, I dare 
 to (av :ar that w hat Ned Bright has faid is very true (yet 
 within a fortnight after, the fame Bright was in fuch 
 dilliking with him, as he feemed to doubt his life; and 
 having difplaced him of the Pelican, and put him into 
 the Marigold, he gave for reafon, that himlelf would 
 be Cafe, and he would put him fi.r enough from him). 
 Thus having received in the verdid, he rofe off the 
 place, and departed towards the watcr-lide, where, 
 calling all the company with him, except MaRer Tho- 
 mas Doughty and nis brother, he there opened a ccr- 
 tai.i bundle of letters and bills, and, looking on them, 
 faid, God's will ; I have left in my cabin that 1 fliould 
 efpecially have had (as if he had there torgottcn his 
 Commilfion): but, whether he forgot his Commiflion 
 orno, hcmuch forgot hi mfelf, to lit as Judge without 
 Ihewing that he had any i but, truly, I think ne fliewed 
 to the uttermoll what he had : for here he fliewed forth, 
 firft, letters that were written, as he faid, by Mafler 
 Hankins to my Lord of Elfcx for his entertainment; 
 fecondly, he fliewed letters of thanks from my I^ord of 
 Effex unto Matter Hankins, for preferring fo good a 
 fervitor unto him, and how much he had pleafured 
 him ; then read he letters that pad from my Lord of 
 Effex unco Secretary Wallingham in his great commen- 
 dation; then (licwed he letters of Mafler Hatton's 
 unto himfelf, tending for the acceptance of his men 
 John Thomas and John Brewer, for their well ufage in 
 this voyage; and, lafliy, he read a bill of herMaJcfly's 
 No. 47. 
 
 adventure ol a thoiil'and ('K>w'nii (lint 1 molt iti.irvcltcd 
 that l<) ininy noblemen and gentlemen ilid k.ivc their 
 Utters in III,-, hands, except it were to (hew in tins i.laec 
 tor his I reilit). So when he had all divic, he I ui\, Now, 
 my Mailers, you may fee whether this ' lov, huhlnught 
 my tlifciedit «ir no, and wh.it IhoiiKl lieril', I'o meant 
 but the very overthrow of the voy,\j;e; as, fiiH, by tak< 
 111.; away ot my good iianic, and alt(ip',elher dilcirditing 
 me, and then my life, whuh I beinj; beie.ucd of, what 
 then will yon do? Vou will fain one tciiliiiik an )ther'» ' 
 b'oiul, and (o to return a;.;:iin iiiuo your own country 1 
 you will never he able to lind the w,iy thiilicr. And 
 now, my Mailers, corlider what a gre.t voyage wr are 
 like to make, the like \\;i< luver mad'.- out of I'.ngland ; 
 for by the fame the wurtl in this tieet lliall become A 
 gi-'ntleman; .iiul, if this voyage go not liirwaril, which 
 I cannot lie how pollihiy it iJunild, if thi.s mm live, 
 what a npiiiii h it will he, not only unto our country, 
 but elfjci lally unto lis, the very limplell here may con- 
 lilcrot'. Tiierefore, my Mall'Ts, they th.it think thi.i 
 man worthy to die, let them with in hold up their 
 hands; and, they that think him not worthy to die, 
 h. lid down their hands; at the which, divers that en.» 
 vied his liirmer felicity, held up their hands; llimc 
 others, again, for fear of his lavouritry, Puiked not t<» 
 lit't their hands, ahhough againfl their hearts; bui Ionic, 
 a^;ain, lifted up their hands and very hearrs unto the 
 Lord, to deliver us of this tyrannous and cruel tyrant; 
 whou|)(in the fame, coming to his former judgment- 
 feat, pronounced him the child ol diith, and per- 
 fuadcil him withal, thurhe would by this means make 
 liiin the lervantof (iod; and faid farther, if any man 
 coiild, between this and next ineetinj;, devife any way 
 that mi'jht liive his life, he would hear it; and wilhed 
 himlelf to devife fome way for his own lafeguard. 
 Well, Cicn.'inl, quoth he, feeing it is come to this pafs, 
 " that I fee you would have me nude away," I pray you 
 carry me with you to Peru, and there fet mc alhore. 
 No, truly, Mafler Doughty, 1 cannot anfwer it to her 
 Majefty, if I fliould fo do; but, how fay you, Thomas 
 Doughty, if any man will warrant mc to be fafc trom 
 }our hands, and will undertake to keep you lure, y.iu 
 Hull Ice what I will fay unto you. Mafler Doilghty 
 then calling on Mafler Winter, fcid unto him, Maf* 
 tiT Winter, w ill you be fo good as to undertake this for 
 inc? Then Mafler Winter faid unto Mafler Drake, that 
 lie Ihould be fafc of his perfon, and he would warrant 
 him, if he did commit him to his cuflody. Then 
 Drake, a little pauling, laid. Sec then, my Maflcrs, we 
 mull thus do; we mufl nail him clofc under the hatches, 
 and return home again without making any voyage, and 
 if you will do I'o, then fpeak your minds. Then a 
 company of defperate bankrupts that could not live in 
 their own country without the fpoil of that as others 
 had got by the fweat of their brows, cried, God forbid, 
 g>);Kl Cknetal! which voice was no Icfs atten ively 
 heard, for there needed no fpur to a willing h> rfc. 
 Thus, telling Mafler Doughty to prepare for his deith, 
 and haying nivcn him one whole day's refpite to fet >ll 
 things in order, he rofe and departed, promifing that h » 
 continual prayers to God fliould not ceafc, that it woulu 
 plcaf(?Go(t to put it into his head how he might do him 
 good : but he had fo often before fworn that he would 
 Rang him, that I think at this prefent he meant to do 
 him little good. Thus Mafler Doughty continuing alt 
 this night, the next day. and the fecond night in his 
 prayers, except fome fmall time that he ufed in fitting 
 his worldly bulinefs in fome way, and diflributing to 
 fuch as he thought gooci, fuch things as he then had 
 with him, was the 2a day of July commanded him to 
 prepare himfelf, and to make ready to die. Then 
 Mailer Doughty, with a more chearful countenance 
 than ever he had in all his life, to the fliow, as one that 
 did alt<)gether contemn life, prayed him, that, ere he 
 died, he might receive the facrament; which was not 
 only granted, but Drake himfelf oftered to accompany 
 him to the Lord's Tablc.for the which Mafler Doughty 
 gave him hearty thanks, never worfe terming him than 
 my good Capuin. Mafler Drake oftered him wiihal 
 
 »'3 
 
 4 
 
 lii 
 
3«6 
 
 Sir FRANCIS 13 K A K 1/ s VOYAGES 
 
 . 
 
 u » 
 
 make choice nf hi> own ticnth, and for that he faiii he 
 ^u a gentlemen he llioiilil hut lofe hi* head, the which 
 kind ot death was mult agreeable to hit mind, in an 
 much it he mull need* die. And, truly, I hcarti fay, that 
 MaOer Drake nrt'ercd him, if he wouUI, thai he Ihould 
 be fliotten to death with a pierc, and that he himfcif 
 would do that exploit, and To he Ihould die by the hamU 
 of a gentlenmn. liut, in tine, they together received 
 the L/)rd'.i Suopcri the which, I docveralAirc myfclf, 
 that he did take with ai uncorrupted a mind at ever 
 did anv innocent of the world ; for he, fure, (hewed 
 himfcif to have ;ill his alliance and only trull in (iodi 
 he Oiewed himlVlf fo vali^int in thi« extremity ns the 
 world might woiuler it; he fcemtd to have conquered 
 death itfclf, and it una not fern, that of all this day be- 
 fore his death, that ever he altered one jot of his conn 
 tenance, but kept it m llaid uiiJ lirm as if he had lome 
 meflagc to deliver to Ionic nobleman. 'I'hey having 
 thus received the fucrnnu'nt, there was a banquet made, 
 fuch as the pl.icc might yield, and there they dined to- 
 gether, in which time, the place of execution being 
 made ready, alter dinner, as one not willing any lon- 
 ger to ilelay the time, he told the (icneral, that he was 
 ready a% foon as plcafed himi but prayed him, that he 
 might fpcak alone with bmi u few words, with the which 
 they talked a-part the (pace of half .1 ijuarter of an 
 hour, and then with bills and ftaves he was brought to 
 the place oi' execution, where he fliewed himlelf no 
 lefs valiant than all the tiuic before; for, '"rft, here 
 kneeling on his knees, he tirll prayed for the Queen's 
 MajcUy of l"'.nglanil his Sovereign lady and iniftrefs ; 
 he then prayed to CJod for the happy fuccefs of this 
 voy;ige, and then prayed to (joil to turn it to the profit 
 of his country: he r-uembered alfo therein divert his 
 pood friends, and efpecilly Sir William Winter, pray- 
 ing Mailer Jo'in ^^ • iter to roniinendhim to that good 
 Knight; :ill whitn la* did with fo chcarful a counte- 
 nance, as it lit liadgoiie to foinc great prepared ban- 
 quet, the which, I fure think, that he was ftilly refolvt\l 
 that God had provided for him; fo, at the lall, turning 
 to the General, he prayed him that he might ntake wa- 
 ter ere he died, for, quoth he, the flefli is frail, and 
 withal turned him about and did fo; and, coming 
 again, faid. Now, truly, I may fav aa faid Sir Thomas 
 More, that he that cuts otf my head ihall have little 
 honeliy, my neck is fo Ihort: So turning him, and 
 looking about on the w hole company, he dcfired them 
 all to forgive hmi, and efpecially fomc that he did per- 
 ceive to have difpleafurc borne them for his lake, 
 whereof Thomas Cuttle was one, Hugh Smith was ano- 
 ther, and diveis others: whereupon, Smith prayed him 
 to fay before the fcJeneral then, whether ever they had 
 any conference together that might redound to his (the 
 General's) prejudice or detriment. He declared it at 
 his death, that neither he, nor any man clfe, ever prac- 
 tifed any treachery towards the General with him; nei- 
 ther did he himfcif ever think any villainous thought 
 againll him. Then he prayed the General to be good 
 unto the fame Hugh Smith, and to forgive him for his 
 fake. So the General faid, Well, Smith, for Matter 
 Doughty 's fake, and at his requed, I forgive thee; but 
 become an honeft man hereafter. So then. Matter 
 Doughty embracing the General, naming him his good 
 Captain, bid him tak-ewelt and fo bidding the whole 
 company farewel, he laid his head to the block, the 
 whicn being ftrickcnoff, Drake moft defpitefully made 
 the head to be taken up and fliewed to the whole com- 
 pany, himfelf faying. Sec, this is the end of traitors! 
 S» he being buried, and thofe thinn fintttied, the whole 
 company being together. Matter Drake proiefted be- 
 fore God, that whofoever he was who fliould offend 
 but the eighth part that Thomas Doughty had done, 
 Ihould die for it. He alfo protettcd, and iwore by the 
 life of God, and the bleired facramenr which he that 
 day had received, that whofoever he were within the 
 fleet that did give another a blow, (hould lofe his hand, 
 without exception of any; and yet, the next day, it 
 fortuned that Matter Doughty's younger brother, walk- 
 ing bodi filcndy and mournfully, as well fov rcmem- 
 
 braiKeof hi* brother's late death, at alio weighing th« 
 imminent peril over his own hfid, (u What hat been 
 alread) laid and the prefent confcquence may purport), 
 there comes unto him this Kdwardi Bright, the chief in- 
 llrument of hit brother's death, faying; unto him, God% 
 woundil thou illain, what knowrtt thou by my wifef 
 and withal ttnick at him with hi* ruler, a* of ourpofe to 
 iiick a qiinrrrl, to hatten hit end alfo. Why, Ned 
 Hright, quoth he, thou feeft in what cafe I am, I prajr 
 thee let me alone; and withal bore off the blow with 
 his arm, wherewith the ruler broke: but Bright, fcein- 
 ing very furious, thruft him in the face with the piece 
 that remained in hi* hand, the fplinter^ whereof en- 
 tered an inch into his face; prefently upon the which, 
 he went unto the (icneral to complain of Bright, 
 Whv, John Doughty, quoth he, without having any fe- 
 };jrd of his oath thedaylKfore made, Ned Bright will 
 be open to > our revenge in Kngland ; for, I dare fay, thv 
 brother did Ixlye her, when he faid that flie had an ill 
 name ir. Cambridge. Then might every man perceive 
 the litile-mcant honefty." 
 
 Irom this plain narrative of the trial and execution 
 of noijiflirv.ofthe genuinenefs of which there cannot 
 be the Icalt doubt, as the concomitant little circum- 
 llances :ill concur to conlirm the author both an eye and 
 ear witnefs of what he has related, there is reafon to be- 
 lieve, that the fuccefs of the V())age covered the ini- 
 (luity of the undertaker; and that the immenfe booty 
 which Drake brnu>;Iit to Kngland, enabled him to iKfle 
 the complaints of individuals; and, by a proper ad< 
 dul"'-, to convert the aih of opprettion, murder, and py- 
 racv, of which he was guilty, into fo many deeds of ne- 
 ccH'ary iliiry, in mder to the accomplilnment of the 
 main object, the acquifition of wealth at the expenccof 
 honctty. 
 
 That Drake never had a Commillion from the Queen, 
 as his friends would fii^^geft, appears not only from hit 
 not prinlucing it at the trial of Doughty (which can 
 hardly be jullified, in contempt to the prifoner), but 
 from his not producing it upon anotncr occafion, 
 when, as (hall be tticwn immediately, he vauntingly pro- 
 duced other credentials of far Icfs moment, in order tO 
 juttity his coiulud, and give him credit with his com- 
 pany. The ftory, then, of the remarkable words foitted 
 into the mourh of his Sovereign, and recited by his bio- 
 grapher, is as falfe as inconfilicnt with the charaifler of 
 chat wifc Princefs, who, though there is reafonfrom her 
 after-condud to conclude that ttie was privy to the 
 voyage, yet never openly countenanced it, till after it 
 was completed, ana the iflue of it determined ; as ap. 
 pears from the account of the converfation which Drake 
 nimfelf gave to his followers, a few days before he left 
 Port St. Julian to feek a palTagc into the South Seas. 
 
 " On the 6th of Augutt, fay* our author, he com- 
 manded his whole company to be afliore, and, placins 
 himfelf in a tent, one fide of which was open, and 
 calling Matter Winter on one fide of him, and John 
 Thomas on the other fide, his man laid before him a 
 great pajx-r book, and withal Matter Fletcher offered 
 himfelf to make a feriiion. Nay foft, Matter Fletcher, 
 faid he, 1 mutt preach this dav myfelf, although I have 
 fmali fltill in preaching. Well, all ye the company, 
 here arc ye, or not ? Anfwer was made, that they w ere 
 all here. Then commanded he every fljip's cornpany 
 fcverally to rtand together; which w.is alfo done. Then, 
 faid he. My Matters, I am a very bad orator, for my 
 bringing up hath net been in learning; but whatfo I 
 (hall here fpeak, let every man take good notice of, and 
 let him write ic down, for I will fpeak nothing but 
 what I will anfwer it in England, yea, and before her 
 Majefty, as I have it here already fet down [but whether 
 it were in his book or not, that I know not, but this 
 was the effcifl of it, and very near the words] : Thus 
 it is, my Matters, that we're very far from our country 
 and friend* ; we ai e coinpalTed in on every fide with 
 pur enemies; wherefore we are not to make fmall 
 reckoning of a man, for we cannot have a man if we 
 ' would give fiir him ten ihoufand pounds; wherefore we 
 
 tmuft have chcJTc mutinies and difcontcnts that arc grown 
 amongft 
 
Tu the SOUTH H E A and ROUND the W O K L I). 
 
 3»; 
 
 amongft ui ndrt fliii i l<»r, by the life of CkkI, ic doth 
 even take my wii» from mc to tMtik on it. Here i» 
 fuch lonrnjvcrfy between the failori and the gentlemen, 
 and fufh nomathinn between the gentlen«cn ami Tailor*, 
 that it doth even make me mad to hear ir. But, my 
 Marten, I muft have it reafei for I mull have thenc.i- 
 llemcn to haul and draw with the marincm, ami the 
 nwrinen with the gentlemen: and let un (hew ourfclvc* 
 to be all of a company i and let u«not aivc octalion to 
 the enemy to rejoice at our decay aniF overthrow. I 
 Would know him that would refitCc to frt hi* hand to a 
 ropei but I trull there is not any Inch hcrei and, a« 
 
 Sntlcmcn arc very nminiry for government lake on 
 e voyage, fohavc I lliipt them for that purpofe, anti 
 to fome further intent; and yet, though I know lailor* 
 to be (he moft envioun people of the world, and fo un- 
 ruly without government, yet may not I be without 
 them. Alfo, if there bo any here willing to return 
 home, let me undirlVand of them i ami here is the 
 Maryg«>ld, a Ihipthat I cm \eiy will fparc, I will fur 
 niih her to fuch as will return with the moft credit that 
 I ran give them, either liy my leiter* or any way tlTe; 
 but let them r.ikc care tli.tt they go homeward; for, if 
 1 find them in my way, I will furelv (ink them; there- 
 fore, you (hall liave time to conliiler hereof until to- 
 morrow, (or, by my troth, I mud need.n be plain with 
 youi " I have taken that in hand that I know not in the 
 world how to go through withal j" it palTeth my cap.i- 
 cityi it hath even bereaved me of my wit* to think on 
 it. [Well, yet the voice was, that none would return i 
 they would all take (iich part as he did.] Well then, 
 my Madcrs, quoth he, came ye all forth w ith your o\\ n 
 goodwills, or no? They anfwered, All, willingly. At 
 whofc hands, my Maftcrs, take ye to rcieivc your 
 wages.' At yours, anfwered the company. 'I'hen, (aid 
 he, how (ay you, will you take wages, or (land to my 
 courtcfy? To your courtefy, good Captain, was the re- 
 
 ely. Then he commanded the fteward to the I'.li/a- 
 cth to bring him the key of the (lores, the whit h he 
 did: then, turning him unto Mafter Winter, he faid, 
 Maftcr Winter, I do here difchargc you of your Cap- 
 tainfliipi and fo in brief he faid to all the OlTiccrs. 
 Then Mailer Winter and |ohn Thomas a(ked him 
 ■what flioiild move him to di(|)lacc them? He alked in 
 return, w hcthcr they could make any reafon why he 
 fhould not do fo? So willing them to content themfelves, 
 he willed filencc in thofc matters, fayi.ig. Ye fee here 
 the great difordcrs we arcentangled intoi and, although 
 fome have already received condign puniOiment, as by 
 death, w ho, I take God to w itncTs, as you all know, 
 was to mc as my other hand, yet you fee, over and bc- 
 fidcs the reft, his own mouth did bewray his treache- 
 rous dealings : and fee, how, tnilling to the Angularity 
 of his own wit, he over-reacht himfelf at unawares. 
 But fee w hat God would have to be done ; for her Ma- 
 jelly commanded, that of all men my Lord Treafurcr 
 lliould have no knowledge of this voyage, and to fee 
 that his ow n mouth hath declared that he had given 
 him a plot thereof. But, truly, my Maders, and as I 
 am a gentleman, there (hall no more die ; I will lay my 
 hand on no more, althou,«rh there be here who have dc- 
 fcrvcd as much as hc; and fo charging one Worral 
 that was prefent, that his cafe w as worie that Doughty's, 
 who, in Matter Doughty's extremities, was one of 
 Drake's chief confcllows, who, humbling himfelf to 
 Drake, even upon his knees, prayed him to be good unto 
 him. Well, well, Worrall, faid he, you and I (hall talk 
 well enough of this matter hereafter. Then he charged 
 one John Audley with fome ill dealings towards him, 
 but opAied no matter, but faid, he would talk with him 
 alone after dinner. Here is fome again, my Maders, 
 not knowing how clfe to dlfcrcdit me, fliy and affirm, 
 that I was (ct forth on this voyaue by Matter Hatton s 
 fome by Sir William Winter j and fome by Matter Han- 
 kins ; but the(c are a company of idle heads that have 
 nothing clfe to talk of. And, my Matters, I muft tell 
 you, I do know them as my very gooti friends ; but, to 
 fay that they were the fitters forth of this voyage, or 
 tlut it was by their means. I tell you it was nothing fo. 
 
 
 Hut, indeed, thus it was. My l.ordnl \:lYr\ wrote in my 
 commendation unto S<-iretary WaKwigham more than 
 I wRt worthy; but by like I had deferved foiurwhat at 
 his handi^ and he thought me in his Utters a (ii man to 
 ferveagaintt the S|>nniarvl' lor my pra'lirc an.l experi- 
 ence that I hftil in that triuu-; wluicupon, imleeil, .Si- 
 cretiirv W,illiii};haiii diii (onic to ronliilc with hit 
 I ordlhip, .11' I declared unto him, th,»t for that her 
 Ma)clly had received divert injuries of the King of 
 Spain, (oi the whi(h, ttic dedr^-d to have fome re- 
 venge i and withal, lie tticwcd me a plot, willing mc 
 to fet my hand, and to write down where I tlioiij;ht 
 he mijfht n iil he anno.ed; but I toM him fome 
 part ot my mind, but rrl'uled to (ct myhaiulroany 
 thing, a'lirming, that her Majetty was mortal, ami 
 that, if it (lioiild pleafe Goil to take In r Majedy 
 awav, it might lii be thit fome nerfon might reign 
 ihit mieht he in league with the r^ing of Spain, .iiul 
 then will mine own n.inil be a witnefs .againd myfcir* 
 Then was ( very (hortiv after, and on an evening, fcnt 
 for unto her Majedy by .Secretary WatCingham ; and, 
 the next day, coniingto her Majclly, thefc, or the like 
 words, (he fai I, Drake, fo it is that I would gladly be re- 
 venged on the Kingnf Spain for divers injuries that I 
 have rexived; and faiil further, that he was the only 
 mui that might do this exploit, and withal craved his 
 advice therein, who told her M.ijelly of the fmall good 
 that was to Ik ilone in .Spain, hut the only way was to 
 atuviv him by his Indies. Then, with many inorc 
 words, he (hewed forth a hill of her Majedy's adventure 
 of I oooeiowni, whir h, however he faid i't laim time 
 before, tliat her Majedv did u c hir- towards his 
 charges. Me (liewcil alfo a hn' of Mailer Haron'a 
 ad\enturc, and divers letters tf creiiit 'I ic had 
 pilled in his behalf; but he never Icr th.-m ( . i» out 
 of his own hands. I le laiil alfo, th t her M.i!ei y did 
 (wear by lier crown, " That, if any . nliin her r^ Ti did 
 give the King of Sjmin heriof > uniiirdaiid (as d <. (iif- 
 pccled but two), they (hould lo!c th' r heads then lore." 
 And now, Mailers, (aid he, let lu coiilider what we haVv 
 done: " We "^avc now fcr together by the ears three 
 mighty Princes, namely, her M.ijedy.thc Kii ,...'■ •ipain 
 and Portugal; and, if tliis voy.ige (liould n( i iiavr I'ood 
 fuccefs, we (hould not only be a (corning, or a rcprjuch- 
 ful fcoding-diK-k unto our enemies, bur alio a great 
 blot to our whole country for ever; and, what triumph 
 would it be to Spain and Portugal i and. agai i the like 
 would never be attempted." And now, redorini'; every 
 man again to his former olficc.he ended : thu.s (hewing 
 the com(iany that he would latisfy every ma' ^r clfe he 
 would fell all that he ever had even unto his plate ; for, 
 quoth he, 1 have good reafon to promife, and am bcft 
 able to iKrfurm it ; for, I have fomcwhat of mine own 
 in England; and, belides that, I have as much adven< 
 ture in this voyage as three of the bed wharfocvcn 
 and, if it fo be, that I never come home, yet will her 
 Majedy pay every man his wages, whom indeed you 
 and I all came to fcrve; and. for to fay vou came to 
 fervemc, I will notgive yo . :.. iksi for it is only her 
 Majedy that you fervej -■. ' his vovage is only her 
 fitting forth: fo willing all men to be friends, he willed 
 them to depart .ibout their bulincfs. The 8th of Au- 
 gutt, they weighed anchor and departed ; but, the day 
 before, he came on 1/ Mrd the Elizabeth, and fworc very 
 vehemently, I kr • not upon what occafion, that he 
 would hang to d.c number of 30 in the fleet that had de- 
 ferved if. and then again charged Worrall that his cafe 
 was worfe than 'Jtjugnty's. and that by God's wounds he 
 had deferved to be hanged. And, Mafter Winter, faid 
 he, where is your man Ulydcs? By God's life, if he 
 were my man, I wtnild cut off his cars: nay, by God'a 
 wounds, 1 would hang him; but wherefore truly I do 
 not know." • 
 
 Nothing can be a clearer proof that Drake had no 
 Government CtommifTion than the above account. In 
 his fpeech, which the writer fays is ncaiiy in his own 
 wortis, he does not fo much as picicnd to have received 
 any Committion, only a private intimation from the 
 Queen and Walllngham, that her Majcfty wanted to lie 
 
 revenged 
 
 -^i 
 
388 
 
 I R 
 
 FRANCIS Drake's voyages 
 
 'i 
 
 It. 
 
 I' 
 
 
 •'II 
 
 rcvciijj^cil ot" divers injuries received from the King of 
 Spain. Bill was coimtenancing four or five piratical 
 plunderers to rob innocent pe<<i)lc, a princely way for 
 one Sovereign to take revenge j)f another, in times of 
 ))rofound peace? It «as, indeed, a pitiful connivance in 
 (^iicen lOi/abeth to engage lOGO crowns in a piratical 
 adventure of this kind, and that could never have been 
 credited of that magnanimous Princcr», had flic not 
 afterwards approved of his piracy, by going alward his 
 (hip, and openly approving what, it was even then faid, 
 leal^ became a tr.iding nation to encourage, the breach 
 of treaties, and piratical practices. But, it is re;iiark- 
 abk", that five months elapfcd after his return to Eng- 
 land before her Majefly's pleafurc waspublickly known; 
 iliiring which time men talked varioufly of the expc- 
 <* don, and the fate of Drake leemcil to hang in fuf- 
 pcnce; liitrue proved Uoughty's prediction, that " the 
 (^iiccn's Majefty and Council might be corrupted." 
 
 That Drake bore no naval Conimillion appears flill 
 more clearly, from hisdifplacing the Captains and Olli- 
 cers of all hi-i lliips w ithout demanding from them their 
 Commiilions; from hislifling his men, not for any hcf- 
 tilc expedition, but for a trading voyage to Alexandria ; 
 and from his alking them, belore his frtting fail from 
 the Port of St. Julian to enter the South Seas, from 
 vhom tliey cxpcc'led their wages I'rom thcfecircum- 
 llanccs It follows inconteflibly, that, if he had a naval 
 Commillion, he was the only Ollicer in the fleet pof- 
 felfed of oiic; — I>)Ughty, whom he beheaded, and who, 
 bclbrc their falling out, was fcC' nd in command, bore 
 no nav.il Commillion; ami, it is more than propable.that 
 this gentleman's ijuertioning the CommiiTion of Drake 
 was the rcil caufe of his death, as Drake more than 
 once charges him with the overthrow of the voyage, 
 which he could noothcrwife cflicl than by difcrcditing 
 a ComniilIu)n, on the authority of which both Ollicer^ 
 and men were to be perfuadcd to plunder a people at 
 jH-acc with their nation, and without which e.ery man 
 Mas liable to be executed for piracy, w henever he lliuuld 
 be overpowered. 
 
 It were needlcfs for us to enlarge our remarks; every 
 reader has now the fubjed before him, and every reader 
 will forma iudgmcnt lor himfclf. 
 
 What we have f.iid, in confequencc of having traced 
 this tranfaiition trom beginning to end, may feem to 
 tiafh with the opinion we previoiifly cntertaintd of 
 Drake's humanity, courage, and kindnefs to his fol- 
 lowers, but will not feem Grange to ihofe who arc ac- 
 quainted with the nature of jxriodical writings, where 
 one part of the work is nccellarily printed olf before the 
 other is written. In purfuing the courfc of this voy- 
 a<TC, new author* have been confultrd, and new lights 
 collcdled, which have enabled us to dete>,'t not only the 
 errors of other w ritcrs, but alio to corred our o« n ; and, 
 from the fequel of this voyage, we may venture to fore- 
 tel, that the reader will concur in fentiment with us, 
 that, though Drake was bold, he was not honcft; that, 
 though he did not kill thofe he plundered and had no 
 motive todedroy, he fpared none who opjxjfed his dc- 
 iigns, or who did not pay implicit obedience to his ar- 
 bitrary will; that, though he was an able feaman, he 
 was a jealous rival; and that, though he was a gallant 
 leader, he was a moft tytannical Commander. V\'c 
 fliall now accompany him to the South vScas, where the 
 Spaniards, not fufpecling an enemy, were in no con- 
 dition to defend themfelves againlt his attacks. 
 
 Drake having reduced the number of his fliips to 
 three, thev left the port, and on Auguft the 20th entered 
 the Strait.s of Vlagcllan, in which they flrugglcd with 
 contrary winds, and the various dangers which the in- 
 tricacy of that winding palVagc exjmfed them to, till 
 night, when they had palled the lirlt narrow, and had 
 entered a widcrfca, where thi-y difcovercd an ifland, to 
 which they gave the name of Kli/alieth, in honour of 
 their fovcreign. On the 24th they came to an illand, 
 in which they found fuch an infinite number ofbirdi, 
 fince called penguins, that they killed 3000 of them in 
 one day. This bird, of which they then knew not the 
 name, they dcfcribc m foiucwhat Icfi than *. wild goofe, 
 
 I 
 
 without fea'hers, and covered with a kind of down, 
 unable to fly or rife from the ground, but capable of 
 running and fuimming with amazing celerity. They 
 Wed on fillies in the Hit, and come to land only to reft in 
 the day, and lay their eggs, which, according to later 
 voyagers, they depolit in holes, as regularly difpcrfcd 
 and as numerous as the cells in a beehive. 
 
 From tlufe illands to the South Sea the llrait iTccomes 
 very crooked and narrow ; fo that fometimes by the in- 
 tcrpolition of head lands the pallagc fecms entirely lliut 
 tip. To double thefe capes they fnund it very dilficult, 
 on account of the frequent variations to be made in the 
 coi'i I'e. Here arc, indeed, as Magellan obferves, many 
 harbours; but in mort of them no bottoni is to be 
 found, which, however, does not feem verilied by ex- 
 perience ; the harbours being in general good, though 
 the tides and blalls continually nifliing in from various 
 diredlions create the danger. 1 he land on Innh fides 
 rifcs into innumerable mountains; tl-e tops of ihem 
 were encircled with clouds and vapii' is. Inch, being 
 congealed, fall down in fnow, and iiu Kafe their lieiglij: 
 by hardening into iie; an obfervat!on w hie h might iia- 
 tuially ociur 'o Drake, who pafTcii the lliaii in their 
 winter before the fnows were diirolved. llowevcr, 
 even at that feafon, w hich anfwers to our I'cbriiary, they 
 found the vallies, in fomc places, green, fruitful, and 
 pleaHtnt. Anchoring in a hay near Cape Forvanl, 
 Drake, imagining the flrait quite 11 ut up, went in his 
 boat to endeavour to find feme other palf.ige out; and, 
 having found an inlet towards the North, was return- 
 ing to his lliips ; butcuriolity foon prevailed upon him 
 to Hop for the fake of obferving a canoe or boat with 
 fcveral natives of the coiintiy in it. He could not at a 
 dillance help admii ing the loim of this little veflel, 
 which feemed inclining to a femi-ciiclc, the (lern aiul 
 prow ftanding up, and the body lii)l;ir,g inward; but 
 much greater w as his wonder, w hen, upon a nearer in- 
 fpection, he found it made only wall the barks (<f tree*, 
 fewcd together with thongs of feal-lVin, fo artificially, 
 that fcarcely any water entered the feams. 
 
 The people werewell-lhajjed, and painted like thofc 
 who have been already defcribed. On the land they 
 had a hut built with poles, and covered with fkins, in 
 which they had water-veffels and other utenfiU, nude 
 likewife with the b.trks of trees. Among thefe people 
 they had an opportunity of remarking, what is fre- 
 quently obfcrvable in favage countries, how natural 
 fagacity and unwearied indullry may fupply the want 
 of fuch manufadurcs or natural priHluctions as appear 
 to us abfolutely necelfaryfor the fupportoflife. Though 
 the inhabitants were wholly Ihangers to iron and to the 
 ufe we make of it, yet, inllcad of it, they fubllituted 
 the Ihell of a muK le, of prodigious fize, found upon 
 their coafls. 'I'his they ground upon a fl^onc to an edge, 
 which was fo firm and folid, that neither wood nor 
 ftone were able to relift it. With innrumcnts made of 
 fhells, thcfc limple people were able to perform all their 
 mechanic operations; nor do they feem fo deformed 
 and ugly as our late voyagers rcprcfent them, w ho being, 
 perhaus, more refined than thofe who failed with Cap- 
 tain Drake, might fancy a greater dilferencc between 
 themfelves and thcfc i'av.igcs than in nature there 
 really is. 
 
 On this occafion wc cannot forbear remarking, that, 
 though Drake entered the ftrait in what is accounted 
 the moft unfavourable feafon, yet he palled it in fixtecn 
 days, though, at that time, wholly unknown; a pafTagc 
 the more extraordinary, as none of t)ur later voyagers 
 made it in Icfs than thirty-fix days in the middle of fum- 
 mer, and Captain Wallis was at leall four months in 
 making it. 
 
 Drake, as has been faid, having taken a furvcy of the 
 country from Cape Forward, continued his courfc to the 
 North-weft-ward, and, on the fixthof September, en • 
 tcrcd the great South Sea, on w hich no kiiclifli vcird 
 had ever been navigated before; and uropoled to have 
 diredcd his courfc towards the L.inc, tnat his men, who 
 had fulfercd by the fevcrity of the climate, might re- 
 cover their iUcngth in a warmer taticiidc. But hisdc- 
 
 fign 
 
To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 3S9 
 
 d of down, 
 c capable of 
 rity. They 
 ily to reft in 
 iny to later 
 1} difpcrftd 
 
 ait Incomes 
 ■s by the in- 
 .•mirily (hut 
 try diiricult, 
 made in the 
 rvcs, many 
 m is to be 
 I lied by cx- 
 )oil, though 
 rom various 
 Inith fides 
 ps of iheni 
 liich, beinjr 
 iheir hei};lit 
 h might Mil- 
 ail in their 
 lU)v\ever, 
 briiary.they 
 riiitful, and 
 \ie Foivaiil, 
 went in his 
 ;e out; and, 
 was return- 
 upon him 
 )r boat with 
 uld not at a 
 little veflel, 
 Ik' Hern and 
 inward; but 
 nearer in- 
 rks (>f trees, 
 artificially, 
 
 d like thofc 
 lie land they 
 th (kins, in 
 ^nfiU, made 
 hcfe people 
 what is frc- 
 low natural 
 ly the want 
 lis as appear 
 ife. ThouBh 
 n and to the 
 fubllituted 
 found upon 
 c to an edge, 
 r wood nor 
 nts made of 
 )rm all their 
 lb deformed 
 1, who being, 
 I with Cap- 
 icc between 
 laturc there 
 
 rking, that, 
 i accounted 
 it in fix teen 
 I; a palTage 
 er voyagers 
 Jdic of fum- 
 months in 
 
 rvcy of the 
 ourfc to the 
 itcinber, en • 
 lurlifli veiril 
 )fed to have 
 is incn, who 
 , might re> 
 But his de- 
 file 
 
 fign was fcarce formed, before it was fruftratcd; for on 
 September the feventh, after an eclipfe of the moon, a 
 ftorm arofe fo violent that it left them little hopes of 
 furvivlngit: nor was its fury fo dreadful as its conti- 
 nuance; for it lafted, with little intcrmiffion, thirty- 
 two days, in which time they were driven more than 
 200 leagues out of their courfc, without being able 
 cither to avail themfelves of their fails, or make ufe of 
 their anchors. 
 
 In this (lorm, on the 30th of September, the Mari- 
 gold, Captain Thomas, was fcparated from them ; and 
 on the 7tn of Oiflobcr, having entered a harbour, where 
 they hoped for fome intermiflion of their fatigues, 
 they were in a few hours forced out to fea again by a 
 violent guft, at which time they loft fight of the Eli- 
 zabeth, Chpta in Winter, whofe crew, as was afterwards 
 difcovered, wearied with labour, and difcouragcd with 
 the profped of future dangers, recovered the (traits the 
 day following, and returning by the fame palTage through 
 which they came, failed along the coaft of Brazil, and, 
 in the year following, arrived in England. 
 
 They were now driven Southward 55 degrees, where 
 they difcovered a cluftcr of idands, in one of which 
 they anchored and rtaid two days, to the great rcfreflj- 
 ment of the crew, having met with excellent water, and 
 plenty of greens. Not far diftant from this bay they 
 entered another, where they beheld fome naked inhabit- 
 ants ranging along the coaft in their canoes in fearch 
 of provihons. With thcfc they exchanged fome toys for 
 fuch refrelhmcnts as they had to fupply. 
 
 And now, being (urnifhed with wood and water, they 
 again fct fail, and were, by a new ftorm, driven to the , 
 latitude of 57 degrees, when they beheld the extremities 
 of the American coa(t, and the confluence of the At- 
 lantic and Southern oceans. Here they arrived on the 
 28th of Oaober, and at laft were bleft with the fight of 
 a calm fea, hiving, for almolt two months, endured 
 fuch a (torm, as no voyager has given an account of, 
 and fuch as in that part ofthe world, though accuftomed 
 to hurricanes, the inhabitants were unacquainted with. 
 
 On the 30th of Odtober, they fleered tow aids the 
 place appointed for the rendezvous of the fleet, in cafe 
 of reparation, which was in 30 degrees South; and, on 
 the next day, diffovered two idands, fo well (locked 
 with fowls, that they victualled their fliips with them. 
 After this fupply, they failed northward, along the coaft 
 of Peru, till they came to 30 degrees, where, finding 
 neither fliips, nor any convenient port, they came to an- 
 chor November the 29th, at Mucho, an illand inha- 
 bited by fuch Indians as the cruelty of their Spanifli 
 conquerors had driven from the continent, to whom 
 they applied for water and provifions, otVering them in 
 return fuch things as they imagined moft likely to pleafc 
 them. The Indians fcemed willing to traffic; and, 
 fi»viiwprefented them w ith frui. • and two fat (hcep, 
 Ihewca them a place where they might come for 
 water. 
 
 Next morning, according to agreement, the Englifli 
 landed with their water-venels, and fenttwomen for- 
 ward towards the place appointed, who, about the mid- 
 dle of the way, were fuddenly attacked by the Indians 
 and immediately (lain. Nor were the red of the com- 
 pany out of danger ; for behind the rocks was lodged 
 anambulhof 500 men, who, ftarting up from their 
 tetrcat, difcharged their arrows into the boat with fuch 
 dexterity, that every one of the crew was wounded by 
 them. The (ba being then high, and hindering them 
 from cither retiring or making ufe of their weapons, 
 Drake himfelf received an arrow under his eye, which 
 pierced him almofl to the brain; and another in his 
 breaft. The danger of thefe wounds was much in- 
 creafed by the ablcnce of their furgcon, who was in the 
 Elizabeth, fo that they had none to alTift them but a 
 boy, whofe age did not admit of much experience or 
 (kill; yet fo much were they favoured by Providence, 
 that they all recovered. No rcafon could be alTigned 
 for which the Indians (hould attack them with fo furi- 
 oiu a fpirit of malignity, but that they miftook them 
 for Spaniards, whofe cruelties might very rcafonably in- 
 
 No. 47- 
 
 cite thofc to revenge, whom they had driven, by inccf- 
 fant perfecution, from their country, wafting immehfc 
 trads of land by malfacre and devaftation. Nuno di 
 Sylva adds, that none of the Indians were hurt by the 
 EnKli(h, though they came fo near the boat, as to fcizc 
 and carry off four of the oars. 
 
 On the afternoon of the fame day they fet fail, and on 
 the 30th of November dropt anchor in Phillip's bay, 
 where their boat, having been fent out to difcovcr the 
 country, returned with an Indian in his canoe whom 
 they had intercepted. He was of a graceful ftature, 
 dreft in a white coat or gown, reaching almoft to his 
 knees; very mild, humble, and docile; ftich as perhaps 
 were all the Indians, till the Spaniards taught them re- 
 venge, treachery, and cruelty. This Indian, having 
 been kindly treated, was difmided with pivfents ; and 
 informed, as far as the Englifli could make him under- 
 ftand, what they chiefly wanted, and what they were 
 willing to give in return; Drake ordered his boat to at- 
 tend him, and fet him fafe on fliore. 
 
 When he was landed, he made figns for the boat to 
 wait till his return, and meeting feme of his country- 
 men, gave them fuch an account of his reception, that, 
 within a few hours, feveral of them repaired with him 
 to the boat, with fowls, eggs, and a hog; and with 
 them one of their captains, who willingly tame into 
 the boat, and dcliied to be conveyed by the Englifh to 
 their ihip. 
 
 By this manDrake was informed that nofupplics were 
 to be expeded here; but that Southward, in a place to 
 which he offered to -be his pilate, there was great 
 plenty. This propofal was accepted, and on the 5th 
 of December, under the diredion of the good-natured 
 lndia!\ they came to anchor in the harbnul" called by 
 the Spaniards Val Pan/-), in 33 deg. 40 tiiin. S. lati- 
 tude, near the little town of St. Jago, where they met 
 not only with fufhcient ftores of provifions, and with 
 ftorehoufes full of the wines of Chili, but with a (hip 
 called the Captain of Morial. richly laden, having, to- 
 gether w ith large quantities of the fame w ine, fome of 
 the fine gold of Baldivia to the amount of thrcefcorc 
 thoufitud pczoes, each pczo of the value of eight (liil- 
 lings, and a great crofs of gold fet with emeralds. The 
 Spaniards at firft, miftaking the Englifh for friends, 
 invited them to fe. ft with them; but (oon being unde- 
 ceived, one of<hecrc'.v jumped overboard, and alarmed 
 the town; but the inhabitants, inftead of making oppo- 
 fition, fled haftily, and left whatever was in the town a 
 prize to the enemy. In the chapel Drake and his men 
 found the moft valuable booty. 
 
 Having fpent three days here in ftoring their fliips, 
 and loading the money and eflisdts, they departed, and 
 landed their Indian pilot wherethcy firft received him, 
 after having rewarded him much above his cxpedla- 
 tions or defircs. They had now little other anxiety 
 than for their friends, who had been feparated from 
 them, and whom they now determined to feek. But 
 conlidering that, by entering every creek and harbour 
 with their fliips. they cxpoled themfelves to unnecef- 
 fary dangers, and that their boat could not contain fuch 
 a number as might defend themfelves againft the Spa- 
 niards, they determined to flation their fliip at fonic 
 place where they might commodioufly build a pinnace, 
 which, being of light burden, might fafely fail where 
 the (hip woi!ld be in danger of being flranded ; and, at 
 the fame time.carry a fufhcient force to refift the enemy, 
 and alTord better accommodation than it was poffible to 
 obtain in the boat. To this end, on the 19th of De- 
 cember, they entered a bay near Coquimbo, a town in- 
 habited by the Spaniards, who, difcovering them im- 
 mediately, ilfued out to the number of 100 horltmcn, 
 with about 200 naked Indians running by their (ides. 
 TheEnglilh, obferving their approach, retired to their 
 boat without any lofs, except of one man, w horn no 
 perfuafions or intreatics could move to retire with the 
 reft, and who was therefore overtaken by the Spaniards, 
 who thought to have taken him prifoner, but, having an 
 halbert in his hand, he manfully ^defended himfelf, till, 
 being overpowered by numbers, he was run through the 
 5 1 bjdy 
 
 ,i 
 
 M 
 
 
>■ ■' 
 
 39° 
 
 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES 
 
 
 body with a lance. The Spaniards, exulting at the 
 vidlory, ordcned the Indians to draw the dead carcafc 
 from the rock on whit:h he fell, and in the fight of the 
 Englifti beheaded it, and then cut oflf the right hand, 
 and tore out the heart, which they carried away in 
 triumph. 
 
 Leaving this place, they foon found a harbour more 
 fecurc and convenient, where they built their pinnace, 
 in which Drake went to feck his companions; but, 
 finding the wind contrary, he was obliged to return in 
 two days. 
 
 From hence they came to a port called Sarcipaxa, 
 where, being landed, they found a Spaniard alleep with 
 filvcr bars lying by him to the value of 4000 Spanilh 
 ducats: notwithllanding the infults which they had 
 received from his countrymen, they did not thmk lit 
 to difturb this harmlefs man's rcpole, but, taking the 
 filver, left him quietly to flcep out his nap. 
 
 Coafiing along the fhore, they obfcrved a Spaniard 
 driving eight Peruvian Iheep, which on landing they 
 found to be laden with filvcr, each Ihecp having loolb. 
 weight in two leather bags acrofs his back. They de- 
 livered the poor animals of their heavy burdens, and 
 lodged the bags in their own fiiips. 
 
 Farther on lay fomc Indian towns, from which the 
 inhabitants repaired to the ftiip on floats madeoffcal- 
 Ikin blown full of wind, two of which they fallcned 
 together, and, fitting between them^ row with great 
 fwiltnefs, and carry conlidcrable burdens. They very 
 readily traded for glafs and fuch trifles, with which the 
 old and the young feemed equally delighted. 
 
 Arriving at Marmaren* on the 26th of January, 
 Drake invited the Spaniards to traffic w ith him, which 
 they accepted ; and fupplied him with neccflarics, fel- 
 ling to him, among other provifions, fomc of thofc 
 (heep which have been mentioned, whofe bulk is cquaj 
 to that of a cow, and whofe firtngth is fuch, that one 
 of them can carry three tall men upon his back; their 
 necks are like a camel's, and their heads like thofc of 
 our flieep. They arc the mofl ufeful animals of this 
 country, not only aflbrding excellent fleeces and whole- 
 fome rtefii, but ferving as carriers over rocks and 
 mountains, where no other bead can travel ; for their 
 foot is of a particular form, which enables them to 
 tread firm on the fteepeft and moft flippery places. 
 
 On all this coaft, it is faid, the mountains are fo im- 
 pregnated with filver, that from one hundred weight of 
 commoA earth five ounccsof fine filvcr may be fcpa rated. 
 They continued their courfe towards the north, and 
 on the 7th of February arrived at Arica, in 8 dep. 
 30 min. S. latitude, and in this jiort, found three fmall 
 barks, in which they found 57 (labs of filver, each of 
 thcfizeand fliape of an ordinary brick, and weighing 
 about 2olb. 1 hey took no prifoners ; for the crews, 
 fearing no interlopers, were all on ihore caroufing with 
 one another. At this port the Spaniards were wont 
 to land their nKrchandize, and to embark the filver, 
 w hich was tranCportjcd from thence to Panama ; but, 
 fince Drake's incurfion, they carry their filver overland 
 to Lima, and load no more treafure here, except what 
 they pay for the purchafe of fuch merchandize as is 
 brought from Europe to fupply their market. Want- 
 ing numbers to alPault the town, they proceeded in 
 their courfe, and falling in with a fmall coafling-veifel, 
 laden with linen and other cloaths, Drake fupplied 
 his crew with what Quantity of thofe articles they 
 flood in need of, and aifmiired the Spaniards with the 
 remainder. 
 
 From hence they failed to Chuli; in which port 
 there was a fliip that had ^oo.cxx) pczocs of filver in 
 bars; but the Spaniards had fcnt an exprefs from 
 Arica, to acquaint the governor that Drake was upon 
 the coafi. This exprefs arrived at Chuli, jufl two 
 hours before Drake entered the port; in which time 
 the mafter of the (hip had throw n his treafure over- 
 board, and had fecured hiinfelf and crew on ttmrc, 
 leaving only one Indian on board to make the report. 
 Drake, fearing the alarm would fpread fafier than he 
 could fail, loll no time in hazardous fearches, but in- 
 
 i 
 
 ftantly departed, and (leered for Lima, where tlicjf 
 arrived on the 1 5th of February, and entered the har- 
 bour without reliAance, in which, according to fomc 
 writers, there were thirty fail of fiiips ; others fay, 
 twelve ; but all asrce, that feveral of them were of con- 
 lidcrabie force: To that Drake's fecurity confided not 
 in his firength, but in his reputation, which had lb in- 
 timidated the Spaniards, that the light of their owtl 
 fuperiority could not roiife them to oppofition. In- 
 llances of fuch panic terrors are to be met with in 
 other relations; but as they are, for the moll part, 
 quickly diflipated by reafon and refolution, a wife Com- 
 mander will rarely ground his hopes of fuccefs on 
 them ; and, perhaps, on this occafion, the Spaniards 
 fcarcely defcrve a feverer cenfure for their cowardice, 
 than Drake for his temerity. A writer of good autho- 
 rity, to reconcile the matter, tells us, that Drake took 
 them at unawares, and that the crev\s, as is ufual in 
 times of per ect fecurity, were with their families on 
 fiiure; and many of thofc who were ready to fail^ 
 w ere taking leave of their friends. Be this as it may, 
 all feem to agree, that Drake made here a confider- 
 ablc booty, having taken from one (hip a ched full of 
 rials of plate, which he found coucealed under the 
 llcerage, and, from other (hips, lilks and linen cloth to 
 a conliilcrable value. He did not, however, remain 
 long in this harbour, but haficned in purfuit ot' the 
 CacafiicgM, w hich (hip had failed but three davs before, 
 and which, they were here informed, was bound to 
 Paita. In the purfuit, they fell in with another (hip, 
 out of which they took a large quantity of gold, to- 
 gether with a crucifix of the fame metal, richly adorned 
 with emeralds. They continued the purfuit ; but, hav- 
 ing gained intelligence, that inflcad of Paita, flie was 
 gone to Panama, Drake croudcd all the fail he could, 
 and, to eiicour.igc the purfiicrs, promifed, that whoever 
 firll dcfcricd the prize (hould have his gold chain .is a 
 rcviard ; which fell to the lot of his brother John. On 
 the ill of March they came up with her, and, after ex- 
 changing a few fiiot, they boarded her, and found not 
 unly a quantity of jewels, and thirteen chctls of money, 
 but eighty pounds weight of gold, and twenty-fix tons 
 of uncoined filvcr, with fervices of wrought plate to a 
 great value. In unlading this prize they (pent fix days; 
 and then difmiifing the Spaniards, fiocHl ofl again to lea. 
 Lopez Vaz, a Spanilh writer, tells us, that, in Icfs 
 than 24 hours after their departure from l.ima in pui- 
 fiiit ol the Cacafucgo, news was brought that Drake 
 was upon the coad, but that the governor had .ilready 
 allembled the force of the country to oppofe his land- 
 ing ; and that, finding he had left the harbour, he or- 
 dered three (hips with fix pieces of cannon (being all 
 he could collect), and 250 men, to putfuc him : but, 
 the equipment of thcfe vclfels neceflarily requiring 
 time, Drake had gained the advantage ol them : aiicC 
 coming within fight of the prizc'off Caji'<f 'MJHfilco, 
 the Captain of which, Juan de Anton, a Bifcayan, fee- 
 ing at a didance a (hip crouded with (ail , and imagin- 
 ing tlic Viceroy of Peru had difpatchcd her on (omc 
 meHage to him, druck his fails, and lay to till, Drake 
 approaching nearer, he difcovered hii midake. He 
 would then have made his efcaiK-, hut Drake Hear- 
 ing him fall with his great ordnance, agaiiid which 
 the captain could nuke no defence, he was con- 
 drainca to yield. " Tl,. h- was in thi^ Ihip, adds 
 the SpaniartI, ci^ht hundred and fifty tlioulani) pc/ocs 
 of lilver, and forty thoufand pezoes of gold, all which 
 filvcr and gold was cudomed : but « li.it treafure 
 they had uncullomed, I know not ; for m.iny times 
 ihey carry ainiod as much more as they pay cudom 
 for; oihcrwile tlic kiii^ would take it from them, il' 
 they liiOuki be known to have any great funij wherefore 
 every fliip carries a hilt of < nlloni, that the king m.iy 
 fee it. ,\11 the treafure \.hich Drake took was nui- 
 chants and other mens g<x)d<, faving 1 80,000 pezoes 
 of the king's. I 'e had alio out of this ftiip good dorc 
 of victuals, wjth other ncwllarirs, which were to be 
 carried tioin Panama, and was live days in taking out 
 fuch things as he needed. 
 
 " This 
 
To the S O U T VI SEA nhd ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 39* 
 
 " This doncj he failed to the coaft of New Spain, 
 without going to Panama. The fliips that were fcnt 
 by the Viceroy of Peru from Lima, arrived off" Cape St. 
 rrancifco 20 days after Drrfke had taken the Cacalucgo, 
 and had intciiigcncc by a fliip coming from Panama, 
 which they met at the faid cape, that I'rancis Drake 
 had taken the (liip wi;h filvcr, and was not gone for 
 Panama; whereupon thccommanderofthc three fliips, 
 thinking that Captain "Drake had been gone for the 
 Straits o( Magellan, dirciScd his courfe that way to 
 icek him." 
 
 Thus Drake, changing his courfe to the weft, efcapcd 
 hii enemies, and fell m with a lliip from ilic Kaft 
 Indies laden with filks, China ware, and cotton. The 
 owneri d Spaniai-d, wai on board, who prefcntcd Drake 
 *ith a falcon wrought in inalfy gold, with an emerald, 
 Jet in the breaft of it; the largeft he had ever beheld. 
 With this prcfent, and a golden tup from the pilot, 
 Drake was contented, and difmiflcd the ftiip, taking 
 only four chcfts of China ware, which at that time was 
 of great value in Europe. 
 
 On the 13th of March they came in fight of land, 
 which happened to be a fmall ifland about two leagues 
 from the main continent. There they found a harbour, 
 and anchored in five fathom water, where they ftaid 
 till the 20'.h, on which day, a little coafting frigate 
 paHing by, was purfued by the pinnace, boarded, and 
 taken. Being laden with lafaparilla, honey, butter, 
 tnd other country goods, Drake unloaded the fafaparilh, 
 and in the room of it put the gold and filver from his 
 own fliip, in order to heave her up, to new caulk her 
 fides, and flop her leaks ; in which fervice the crew 
 were employed till the 26th of the fame month, wheh 
 having reloaded the cargo, and taken in a fulTicicnt 
 quantity of wood and water, they continued their 
 courfe wcftward along the load, taking the Spanifli 
 frigate with thcnl tO Iwar them company. 
 
 On April 6, a little before fun-fet, they difcovercd 
 a fliip, that held on her courfe about two leagues to 
 Icaward from the main land. To this fliip they gave 
 chacc, and before morning they neared her, and fud- 
 denly boarded her while the men flept. Being matters 
 of this prize without reliftance, they ordered the pri- 
 foners on board their own fliip, among whom was one 
 Don Francifco Xarate, who meant to fail to Panama, 
 and from tlicnce to China, with the letters and patents 
 that were found in his polTcirion (among which were 
 the letters of the king of Spain to the governor of the 
 Philippines); as alio the fca charts wherewith they 
 were to be dirciflcd in their voyage, which were of 
 admirable ufc to Drake in his return home. From this 
 Ihip they took great quantities of bale goods, and 
 other valuable merchandiic, and then difinilTcd her. 
 They ail'o took a young ncgroe girl, whom Dr.ike or 
 fornc of his companions having got vvith child, they 
 afterwards inhumanly fet her on Ihore on an illand in 
 their way home, jull as flie was ready to lie in-, of 
 which notice will be taken in its proper place. Having 
 retained a Spaniih pilot from this fliip, they obliged 
 him to dired them to a fafe harbour, where they might 
 fupply ihemfclvcs with provifions for their intended 
 voyage. This man brought them to the harbour of 
 Ang»iatulco, or, as others write, Guatnlco, where ar- 
 riving on the I {th of April, they ftaid till the 26th of 
 the fame month, and then fet fail, having firlUlifmifl'ed 
 all their .Spanifli jirifoners, together with Nuno daSylva, 
 the Portugueze pilot, whom they brought from the 
 Canaries, and who had fervcd thjm faithfully in alt 
 their tri.ils and dangers; in reward for which he was 
 now abaiiJonid by Drake to the nicicy of the enemy. 
 1 his mnn, whun he landed on the continent, was firft 
 earned to Mcvico, and there put to the torture to make 
 difioN erics. He was afterwards fent prifoncr into Old 
 Sj lin, .i!id there examined ; and, having given a faith- 
 f]| relation ol all he knew, was releafed, and returned 
 home to his own country, where he publilhed, as has 
 already been faid, an account of the voynge as far as 
 ht wenr, which was afterwards tranflatcd into all the 
 European languages, and univerfally read. 
 
 0<i their arrival at Anguatuko, they had no fooner 
 
 landed than Drake with pan of his men marched up 
 to the town, where they found the chief magillratc 
 fitting in judgnient upon a pdrcel of poor favages, and 
 . ready to pafs lentence of death upon almofl all of them, 
 they being charged with a confpiracy to kill their maCt 
 tcrs, and fet fire to the tbwn. Drake changed the 
 fcenc, and maAc judges and criminals without dif. 
 tiiiction, his prifoners, conducing them all in procet 
 lion to his fliip. 1 lore he made the judge write ail 
 order to the commanding officer to deliver up the towii, 
 in which they found a great pot, fays our author, ai 
 big ns n buihel, full of rials of plate, a gold chain^ 
 and a few jewels. The gold cham was taken from 
 a geiitlcman who was making his cfcape from the 
 town, but was intercepted by an Englifl^ failor, who. 
 rifled him of all the valuables he had about him, of 
 which the gold chain was thought to be of the Icaft value. 
 
 Being now fiifficiently enriched, and having giveii 
 over all liopes o( /iiulip'' their aflbciatcs, and, pernaps, 
 beginning to be infcten with that defire of eafe and 
 pleafurc which is tli ■ na'ural confcquence of wealth 
 obtained by fuccefsfui vi jainy, or, what is ftill more 
 probable, being in fear of a furprizc before they had 
 fccurcd their booty, they began to confult about their 
 return home; and, in purfuance of Drake's advice, 
 refolved firff to find out lome convenient harbour where 
 they might more fafely lie and equip thcmfelves for the 
 voyage, and then endeavour todifcoveranearer palTagc 
 from the South Seas into the Atlantic Ocean; a palTage 
 that would not only enable them to return home with 
 full fecurity, and in a Ihorter time, but would much fa- 
 cilitate the navigation into thofe parts, and of courfe 
 immortali/e their names. 
 
 For this purpofe they had rccourfe to a port in the 
 ifland of Canes, w here they met with fifli, wood, and 
 frelh water ; and, being fufficiently ftored with other 
 provifions, with which they had fupplied themfclvcs 
 from their prizes and at Anguatulco, they fet fail firft 
 with a refoliition of fecking a paflage by the north-weft, 
 and if that failed, by the Moluccas, and thence, follow- 
 ing the courfe of tlic Portugueze, to return by the Cape 
 of Good Hope. 
 
 In purfuance of the firft refolution, they failed about 
 600 leagues, till coming into the latitude of 43 deg. 
 north, they found the air foexceffive cold, that the men 
 could no longer bear to handle the ropes to navigate 
 the fliip : they, therefore, changed their courfe till they 
 came into the latitude of 38 deg. and 30 min. under 
 which height they difcovercd a very good harbour, and, 
 fortunately, bad a favourable wind to enable them to 
 enter it. 
 
 Here, on the 17th of June, they caft anchor, and* 
 in a (hort time, had opportunities of obferving that the 
 natives of that country were not lefs fcnfiblc than them- 
 fclvcs ; for, the next day, there came a man rowing irt 
 his canoe towards the (hip, and, at a diftancc from it, 
 made a long oration with very extraordinary gefticu- 
 lations, and great appearance of vehemence ; and, a 
 little time afterwards, made a fecond vifit in the fame 
 manner; and then returning a third time, he prcfented 
 them, after his harangue was finiflied, with a kind of 
 crown of black feathers, fuch as their kings wear upon 
 their he.ids, and a balkct of ruflics filled with a particu- 
 lar herb, both which he faftened to a fliort ftick, and 
 threw into the boat : nor could he be prevailed upon to 
 receive any thing in return, though puflied towara« him 
 upon a board, only he took up a hat that was flung in 
 the water. 
 
 Three days afterwards, the fliip, having received 
 fomc damage at fea, was brought nearer to land, that 
 her Lading might be taken out; in order to which, the 
 Englilh, who had now learned not to commit their 
 lives too negligently to the mercy of favage nations, 
 raifeda kind of fortification with earth and palifadea, 
 and credled their tents within it. All this was not 
 beheld by the inhabitants without the utmoft aftonifh- 
 inent, which incited them to come down in crowds to 
 the coaft, with no other view, as it afterwards appeared, 
 but to compliment the beautiful ftrangeri that had 
 condcfcendcd to touch upon their country. 
 
 Drake, 
 
 ■• H 
 
 I 
 
 !fii 
 
 I . 
 
39* 
 
 Sift FRANCIS DRAKE'S V O V A G !• S 
 
 
 I 
 
 ^li 
 
 iitikt, neither confiding too much in Appearances, 
 nor wholly dinrufting the friendly dirpofition of the 
 inhabitants, directed them to lay alide their bows and 
 arrmvs, and, on their approach, prcfented them with 
 linen and other neccfTartes, of which he Ihcwcd them 
 tlie ufe. They then returned to their habitations, about 
 three quarters of a mile from the Englifli camp, where 
 they made fuch loud and violent noilcs, that they were 
 heard by the Englllh, Who had vanity enough to believe 
 that they were paying them a kind of melancholy ado- 
 ration. 
 
 Two days afterwards, they perceived the approach 
 of a far more numerous company, who (Vopt at the top 
 of a hill which over-iookea the Englilh fettlement, 
 while one of them made a long oration, at the end of 
 which all the affembly bowed their bodies, and pro- 
 nounced the lyliable Oh with a folemn tone, as by way 
 of confirmation of what had been faid by the orator. 
 Then the men laying down their bows, and leaving their 
 women and children on the top of the hill, came down 
 towards the tents, and feemed tranfported in the highcd 
 deeree at the kindnefs of Drake, who received their 
 gifts, and admitted them to his prefcnce. The women 
 at a difiance appeared feized with a kind of phrcnzy, 
 ftich as that of old among the Pagans in fomc of their 
 religious ceremonies, and, in honour as it feemed of 
 their guefts, tore their cheeks and bofoms with their 
 nails, nnd threw themfelves upon the ftoncs with their 
 naked bodies. 
 
 Three days after this, on June 25, I5''9, Drake re- 
 ceive J two Ambafladors from the Hioh, or King, of the 
 country, who, intending to vifit the camp, required that 
 funic token might be fent him of fricndihip and peace. 
 This reii'ieft was readily complied with; and foon after 
 (ame the King, attended by a guard of about an hun- 
 dred tall men, und preceded by an Oflicer of State, who 
 carried a fcepirc made of black wood, adorned with 
 chains made of a kind of bone or horn, which arc 
 marks of the higheft honour among them. Behind him 
 was the King himfclf, drefled in a coatofbeafts Ikins, 
 With a crown woven with feathers opon his head. His 
 attendants followed, drefled nearly in the fame manner 
 all but the crown ; and after them came the common- 
 people, with balkets platted fo artificially that they held 
 water, in which, by way of prefent, they brought roots 
 and fifli. 
 
 Drake, not lulled into fecurity, ranged his men in 
 order of battle, and waited their approach, who com- 
 ing nearer, flood ftill, while the fcepter-bearer made an 
 oration ; at the conclufion of which, they came again 
 forward at the foot of the hill, and then the fcepter- 
 bearer began a fong, which he accompanied with a 
 dance, in 00th whicn the men joined, but the u omen 
 danced witheut finging. Drake now diflrufting them 
 no longer, admitted them into his fortification, where 
 they continuec) their fong and dance a fliort time ; and 
 then both the King and fomc others of the company 
 made a long harangue, in w hich it appeared, by the reft 
 of their behaviour, that they entreated them to accept 
 of the government of their country; and the King, 
 with the concurrence of the reft, placed the crown 
 upon Drake's head, graced him with the chains and 
 other figns of authority, and faluted him with the title 
 of Hioh. The kingdom thus offered, though of no 
 farther value to him than that it fumifhed him with pre- 
 fent neceflaries, Drake thought it not prudent for him 
 to refufe; and, therefore, took poflcfiton of it in th^ 
 name of Queen Elizabeth, not without ardent wifhes 
 that this acquifition might be of ufe to his native coun- 
 try. The kingdom Ming thus configned, and the 
 Srand aflfair at an end, the common people left their 
 .ing and his Nobles with Drake, and dirpcrfed them- 
 feivesover the camp; and when they fawany one that 
 picafed them more than the reft, they tore the>r flefli and 
 vented their outcries, as before, in token of reverence 
 and refpecl. They then proceeded to flicw them their 
 wounds and difeafes, in hopes, perhaps, of a miraculous 
 curcf to which the Englilh, to benefit and undeceive 
 
 them at the fame time, applied fuch remedies as they 
 ufcd on like occafions. 
 
 Thcv were now grown confident and familiar, and 
 came clown to the campcvcrv dny, repeating theirccic- 
 monics, till they were more fully intbinicd how dif- 
 agrccable they were to ihofc wliofi; favour thiy were li» 
 ftudious of obtaining. Tluy then vifiicd thcin with- 
 out ceremony, indeed, but with a curiofity fi) ardent, 
 that it left them no IcifurC to provide the ncccfTarics of 
 life, with which the Englilh « ere, therefore, obliged to 
 fupply them. ThcV had, then, fuflicienr opportunity 
 to remark the cuftom and difpolition of tncfe new 
 allies, whom they found tradable and benevolent, ftrong 
 of body far beyond the Englifh, yet Unfurniflied with 
 weapons either for afTault or defence, their bo'*s being 
 too weak for any thing but fport. Their dexterity in 
 taking fifli was fuch, that, if they faw them fo near the 
 fhore that they could come to them without fwimmingj 
 they never mifTed them. 
 
 The fame curiofity that had brought them in fuch 
 crouds to the fliorc, now induced Drake and fome of 
 his companions to travel up into their country, which 
 they found at fomcdiftancc from thecoaft very fruitful, 
 filled with large deer, and abounding with a peculiar 
 kind of cunnies fmaller than ours, with tails like rats, 
 paws fuch as thofe of a mole, and bags under their 
 chins, in which they carry provifions to their young. 
 
 Thehoufcsof the inhabitants were round holes dug 
 in the ground, from the brink of which they laife laN 
 tcrs, or poles, fhclving towards the middle, where they 
 all meet in a ridge, andarecrampt together; the peo- 
 ple lie upon rullics, and make the fire in the middle of 
 the houfe, letting the fmoke fly out at the door. The 
 men arc generally naked ; but the women make a kincj 
 of petticoat of bulrufhes, which they comb like hemp, 
 and throw the fkin of a deer over their fhoulders. 
 They are very modcft, tradable, and obedient to their 
 hufbands. The foil is but badly cultivated ; but con- 
 tentment feems to prevail in a very eminent degree 
 among all ranks of this happy people. 
 
 The land was named by Drake New Albion, froin 
 its white cliffs, in which it bore fome refemblance to 
 his native country, and the whole hiftory of the rcfigna- 
 tion of it to the Englifh was engraven on a piece of 
 brafs, then nailed on a poft, and hxed up before their 
 departure, which being now difcovered by the people 
 to be near at hand, they could not forbear perpetual la- 
 mentations. 
 
 When the Englifli on the 23d of July weighed an- 
 chor, they faw them climbing to the tops of hills, that 
 they might keep them in fight, and obferved fires lighted 
 up in many parts of the country, on which, as they 
 fuppofed, facrificcs were ofl^ered. 
 
 Near to this harbpur, they touched at fome iflands 
 where they found abundance of feals; and, dcfpairing 
 now to find any pafl^age thi lugh the northern regions, 
 they, after a general confuitation, determined to ftecr 
 away to the Moluccas ; and, fetting fail July 25, they 
 held a weftern courfe for 68 days without fight of land; 
 and, on September 30, arrived within view of fome 
 iflands, about 20 degrees northward from the Line, 
 from whence the inhabitants rcfortcd to them in canoes 
 hollowed in the middle, and railed at both ends fo high 
 above the water, that they feemed almoft a femi-circlc; 
 they were burniflicd in fuch a manner that they fhone 
 like ebony, and were kept ftcady by a piece of timber 
 fixed on each fide of them. The firlt company that 
 came brought fruits, bananas, and other things of no 
 great value, with an appearance of traffic, and ex- 
 changed their lading for other comn>odities with great 
 fhow of honefty and fVicndfliip. But having, as they 
 imagined, laid all fufpicion afleep, they fent another 
 fleet of canoes, of which the crews behaved with all 
 the infolence of favages, and all the rapacity of thieves ; 
 for, whatever was fuflcred to come into their hands, 
 they feemed to confider as their own, and would neither 
 pay for it nor rcftorcit: and, at length, finding the 
 Englifb refolvcd to admit them no longer, they dif- 
 
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To the S O U T H S E A and R O U N iJ the WHOT R L D. 
 
 393 
 
 < harucd a fliowcr of ftoncs from their Ixwei, whu h in- 
 fult. prakc prudently ami gipneroiilly returned, bv fir- 
 ing hit great gvns without huiting theini at whichthiy 
 wtrcfo tiTuflcd, that they leaped into the water, uiid 
 hid thcmlUvct under their canoes. 
 
 litre we cannot help remarking how nearly thii dc- 
 ftriptionagrceii with the aaounti given b/ the late na- 
 vigatori, of the temper and diQ^oTicion of the inhabit- 
 ant! of the idand* lately difeovered between the Tro- 
 pio«, Drake, indeed, found the tirin{{ of hit guns 
 without hurting thoni.fulHcient to intiniul.itc thefc ig- 
 norant people 1 but our later voyagers have thnugnt 
 their vengcani.e not complete for any flight infult. wiih- 
 ou? n)urcKring them by wholefalr to l\rikc tiiein with 
 terror. The w riter of the late vo) .^.jts foy», " Our 
 men (Itcwed as much impatience to dcllruy thcniai a 
 t'portfman tokill his^ame." 
 
 Having for fome time but little wind, they did nor 
 arrive at the Moluccas till the .jd of Novemberi and 
 then, deli^ning to touch at 1 idorc, as they cmllut 
 al(Migthc illandN|utua. belonging to the King of Ter- 
 nate, they were vilittd by his Viceroy, who informed 
 thcin that it would be more advanta({eous for them to 
 have rccoiirfc to his maftcr for his liipplie.H.than to the 
 Purtugucfe, w iih whom he was at enmity. Drake wnu, by 
 the argui)icnu of the Viceroy, prevailed upon to alter 
 his refolutloii i and, on November the ^th, call anchor 
 before "^'ernate. Scarce was he arrived, before the Vice- 
 roy, with others of the diief nobility, came out in 
 three large baiucs rowed 'by forty men on caah fide, tu 
 condudt the Hup into a lal'e harbour; aiul,,J[<K)n after, 
 the King himielt, having received a vcl,V4;jt, cloak by n 
 mcflenger from Drake, as a token of peace, came with 
 fuch a retinue and dignity pf appearaijice, as was ^not 
 cxpcfted in thofe remote p^rts of the world. He yias 
 raeive<) with difchargesot cannon, ^ind evervikiiiij of 
 mudct with which he was Co muqh delighted, that he 
 invited the perfornacrs on board his barge. 
 
 the King was of a graceful (lature and royal car- 
 riage, of a mild afpedt and low voice. His attpnd- 
 ants wcredrcfled in white coftom or callico, of whont 
 fome, whofe age aavic them a venerable appearance, 
 Teemed as couiuellors, and the red ofBccrs or nobles. 
 His guards were not ignorant of, (ire-arnu, but had not 
 many among them, bcina equipped fbr the moll part 
 with bows and darts. The K>ng, having fpent Uivnc 
 time in acimiring.thc.ncw^bjcds that ,pfufented thepi- 
 feivcs, rotjrpd as fooQ aa'^he tnip was brought ;o anchor, 
 MvipTOfHifcA to nt/ffn on t^c day fpllowiiig; ani^ in the 
 mean tMne tiie in^bitants, having leav9, to tipilic, 
 brought down provilioas ip great abun4ancc. Ilie 
 King came not aboard, aocording to hli piomire, but 
 fent his brother to exc^ifc him, i^nd vvith.il to invite 
 Drake adiorc, propofirtg to ftay hirnfcif as an hofla^ 
 fbr his return. Dr^ke declined |^ing hiinfelf, but fent 
 fome f;ej)tlcmef) of , his (^tj|Que in compapy with the 
 Kin!<'3*bruther, and kept the Viceroy tiJl tHeir return. 
 
 Thcfe .gpriilemen were received by another pf the 
 kinf^'s brothers, and condudtcd in gixi^t ftatc tosthe caf- 
 tlci wherCithpre was a court of, fit Icpft, icxpo pcrfpns, 
 laiTtong whQm'wcrc threcfcorc qncjent men, privy coun- 
 !ieilor>ito thc.kingi and on each fide of the gate with- 
 out, flo9«lfi>ur old men of forcigfi rountries, who feryed 
 as. interpreters in commerce. >n a Ihoit tinK .appeared 
 the King himfclf, dreft in, cloth of ^oUI. rwith his hair 
 woven, intoi^d ringlets, a chain otgold upon his neck, 
 and on his fingers rings very artificially kr vvjth diii-, 
 tnomis and jewels pf great yali^ic. Over hi^ jiea4 was 
 borne a riiiih (:«nopy I aiid^hy, hi(fjia:ir (if bate ffoo^ a; 
 fi^c with la fan fet with fappbires, to moderate the^cx-' 
 eels of t^htiit. Here he received the compliments ofi 
 the Englifh, and then honour4bly/4)flili"cd them. The; 
 callkv which they had fome opportunity of obferviiag, 
 fitcmctlof no great fofCQ. It v^i^s built by the Ppr^u- 
 .gue(i:,i who,.; attempting to rpdHce this kingdom, into 
 abfolutefubjedion, murdered the King, and intended to, 
 .purfue' their plot by the deftrutfiion of all his. fons., But, 
 the general abhorrenqe which cruelty and perfidy na- 
 itumlly excite, armed the, whole nation againft them. 
 No. 48. , 
 
 
 and procured ilufr total exputfion from all the domi- 
 nions of Temaie, which, fnmi th^t time, incrcaflng in 
 powtr, continued r> make nfcw conqucfts, and to de- 
 privV' them f)f other aaiuifitiaru. 
 
 I kre tlicy lliipt between four and five tons of cfovei, 
 inrcndin;.? to brln;; ihim to Kuropc, While they lay 
 1)1 Itjie 'Icrnate, agcntlcnun came on board attended 
 by his l'ortii)»,iefe interpreter. He was drelled fonie- 
 wbat in the kuropcaii nianner, and foon didinguiAicd 
 himfelf from the n.itivi;s of Ternate, or any country 
 they had evi-r ^et kun, by hit civitjly and quick com- 
 prehenfion. Such .1 viutant may eafily be imagined 
 to exc)te their curiofity, which he gratified by inform- 
 iiig them that he was a nat've of China, of the family 
 of^thc! King then upon the thronej and that being ac- 
 cufe'd of u capital crime, of which, though he was in- 
 nocent, he h.id not lulRcicnt evidence to clear himfelf, 
 he had peiitionrd the fMnperorthat he might not be ex- 
 pofed to a trial i but that his caufe might be referred to 
 Divine Providence; and that he might be allowed to 
 leave hi< couiTtry, with a prohibition againft rcturninfl^ 
 unlefi hiaven, ill atteflation of his innocence, (houM 
 enable him to bfingback to the King fome intelligence 
 that might be to the honourand advantage of the Em- 
 pire ot China. In ftarch of fuch information he had 
 now lj)ent three years, and left Tidorc for the fake of 
 convcrfing with the Mnglilh General, from whom he 
 hoped to receive fuch accounts as would enable him to 
 rctui'n wirh honour and faf'ety. Drake, whether he 
 credited or difbcticved his ftory, caufed a recital to be 
 made by one of the company, who talked the language 
 of tht interpreter, of fuch adventures and obfervatior\s 
 a.s he jiJil({cd would be inoft pleaflng to his vifitor, to 
 all which ihc Chincfe lixileeave the utmofl attentioni 
 and, having cauftd thciii to be repeated a fecond time, 
 to imprefs them in his mind, thanked the Creator of 
 the World for the knowledge he had gained. He then 
 propofcd to the General to fail to his country, to which 
 he willingly undertook to be his pilot ; but Drake could 
 not be iniluicd to prolong his voyajje. 
 
 He therefore fet fail, on November the 9th, in quell 
 of a more convenient harbour, where he inightclcaa 
 and relit his Ihip, ttliicii, by the length of the voyage, 
 and the heat of the climate, was now become foul and' 
 leaky. Directing hi.s courrefouthwa'rd, he foon fell in 
 wiihaii' uninhabited ilLihj; which, by its appearance, 
 urpmifed fair to a'lAvcr his purpofe. At a diftancc it 
 looked like :i beautiful grove ; the trees were large, 
 0rdight, and uifty; but, what was more extraordinary^ 
 they were irttcrfpcrrcd with fuch anaftonifhing number 
 of (hining (lies, that the whole ifland in the night fecmed 
 to glow v» th fire. Here they found a convenient ha- 
 ven, ami hqre they landed and continued 26 days. 
 They found upon tliii illand tortoil^, but of a mon- 
 ftrous lize, and varidus Ibrts of fruits of a delicious 
 flavour. 
 
 Leaving this place on the nth of December, they 
 cruelly delcrted the unhappy mulatto girl whom they 
 had taken for their picafurc from a (hip that fell into 
 their hands on the coaft of New Spain. They had 
 at the fiihe time, taken on board a negroc youth, w'lo 
 ihcy thoight might be ferviceabic to them in convc.-f- 
 ing with his nation in their way home; but. finding 
 him of little or no ufe on board, and provifions bcgin- 
 iiing to fail, they pretended to fend this fimplc couple 
 far Into the country to gather fruits, and, in the m«n 
 tinie, unmodred the fliip. and hqilled fail| and, before 
 the return of the vidims, were out of light of their 
 tciirs, and out of hearing of their cries: a melancholy 
 inrtance this of the depravity of man's heart, and of 
 the relentlcfs cruelty of^ miirds addidtcd to rapine and 
 Uitt.. The pporgirl, not yet fifteen, was ready to be de- 
 livered of an innocent baSCj and the youth, not twenty, 
 WW the only relburce in the midftof her difl.-efs. What 
 hcfcl them cannot be known': but Prtvidfence feemed 
 topunidi the perfidy of the crew by a feverc trial of 
 .ihcir fortitude foon after. 
 
 Having a wind not very favourable, they happened to 
 
 be intangledanionjjiipjultitudcof jllands, intcrfperfed 
 
 S G with 
 
 
 If 
 ! ^1 
 
394 
 
 8m FRANCIS DRAKE'i VOYAGES 
 
 h 
 
 with danKtrout Ihallnwi, till January the 9ih, i(8o. 
 when they ihoguht themrilvct clear, and were failing 
 alon^ with a brifk gale, they wrre, at the brainnins of 
 the night, fuddcnly Turprited in their courfc by a lud- 
 den (hock, theraufe or which wai inftantly difcovered, 
 for ihey were thrown upon a concealetl rocic, and, by 
 the fpeed of their courrr, Hxed too fad for any hope of 
 tfcaping. 
 
 Here the intrepidity of Drake wat fliakcn, and hit 
 dexterity baffled: here all the hnrrort of mind, attend. 
 ant on confcioui guilt, concurred to aggravate the dif- 
 trrfi of thofc who were inrtruiiicnta! in abnmloning the 
 harnilcfit flave*. Thole who were innocent rcpruachcd 
 the guilty with being the authon of their prelcnt dif- 
 trtfti and, among the reft, Mr. Fletcher, the chaplain, 
 exclaimed againti the Captain, ai one whnfc criinet nf 
 murder and Jul) had brought down divine vengeance on 
 all the company. Drake, who knew well how to dif. 
 fen^hle hit refcnrinent, judging thii an improper time 
 to rniouragp difputea, enocavourrtl, by every means in 
 hii power, to appeafe the increaiing animofity. To 
 
 Crrfcrvr, therefore, the mindi of the com|>any at ni\ 
 e found it neceffary to keep their hand* employed, 
 and, lor that purpofi, ordered the pumpito be conftantly 
 
 Slird. Convinced by thii experiment tti.it the water 
 id not gain U|)on them in the hold, he conceived hopen, 
 that, by Tightcnin^^ the fliip, they might poUibly be able 
 to heave her off. He knew it would be in vain to per* 
 fuade them to part with their treafure, and, theremre, 
 he firft caufcd the guns to be thrown overboard, ami 
 then the fpiccit and.afterwardi, the water calks to be 
 bulged, being in hopes, that, if they could be releafed, 
 Uatcr might again he fupplied from the nrighbourinu 
 iflaiKl.>i, loinc of which were at no great dinunce. His 
 next attempt Mas to difcover about the fliallows fome 
 place where they might fix an anchor, in order to bring 
 tlicir fliip to, and, by that means, clear her from the 
 ruck: but, ut)on examination, it was found that the 
 rock on which they had ftruck, rofe, u many others in 
 thofc fens do, almoft pcrpendicidar, and that there was 
 Ik) anchorage, nor any bottom to be fathomed a boat's 
 length from the (hip. But this difcovcrv was by Drake 
 wilcly concealed from the common failors, left they 
 (hould abandon thcmfelves to defpair, for which there 
 was, indeed, much caufr, there being no profpci5l left, 
 but that they muft there fink along with the fhip. 
 
 In this deplorable fituation they nad remained for four 
 and twenty nours, when Drake, finding all human ef- 
 forts vain, addrelTed himfelf to his companions in dif- 
 trefs, and exhorted them to lay alide all animofities, and 
 prepare thcmfelvrt, by forgiving each other, forob> 
 tatning tltat mercy through Chriir, which they could 
 not hope to receive on any other terms. " On this oc> 
 cadon," fays our author, " every thief reconciled himfelf 
 to his fellow-thief, and Fletcher adminiftered the facra- 
 ment to them all." At length, when their hopes had 
 toifakcn them, and no new ftruggles could be made, 
 they wcre^on a fudden, relieved by the wind's (hiftin^, 
 and a frcih breeze fpriiwing up, which taking the (hip 
 on the leeward quarter, inc reeled off the rock, without 
 K-cciving any very dangerous hurt, to the unfpeakablc 
 joy of every foul on board. 
 
 This was the grcateft and moft inextricable diftrefs 
 vhich they had fuffered, and made fuch »n imprclTion 
 upon their minds, that for fome time afterwards they 
 durft not adventure to fpread their fails, but went (lowly 
 tbrward with the utnraft circumfpedion, till, arriving 
 at the fruitful iftand of Barctene, they entered the port 
 to repair what damage the (hip had received upon the 
 rock, lliey found the people of this ifland of an 
 amiable and obliging dilpofition, courteous in their 
 manners, and honeft in their dealings. They are finely 
 proportioned, tall of (laturr, and of comely features, 
 f he men, in general, go naked i but the women cover 
 th«mfclvcs from the waift downwards, arc modeft, yet 
 not infeniible of love and pleafure. They found the 
 ifland abounding with every nccelTary, and not a few of 
 ihc comforts of life. 
 
 Having repaired the (hip and refrefhed the men. 
 
 they coniimird their courfe without any material oc- 
 currence till the 1 1 ih of March, w hen they came to an- 
 chor before the ifland of lava, and fcndii^ to the King 
 a prefent of cloth and filki, received from him in re- 
 turn a prefeni fur,»ly of refreftimcntsi and on the day 
 lollowing Dral.e went himfelf on (hore, '.d enter- 
 taineil the King with mufit, and obtained leave to (>or« 
 his ftiip with provlOons. 'I'hii ifland wu governed by 
 a great number of petty Kingt or Rayas, fubordinate to 
 one Chief. ()t ihcfe princes three came on board to- 
 gether a few da) 1 after their arrival, and having, upon 
 their return, recounted the womlrr^ they had ften, and 
 theciviliticswith which they had been treated. Incited 
 others to fatisfy their curioflty in the fan»e manncri and 
 Raya Denan, the chief King, came himfelf to view the 
 ftiip, with the warlike arnumenis and inftruments of 
 navigation. This intercuurfe of civilities fomewhat 
 retanlcd the bufinrfs for which they camet but, at 
 length, thev not only vitfluallcd their fliip, but payed the 
 bottom, which was the more necelTary frequently to be 
 repeated, u, ur that time, flieathing ol (hips was not in 
 pratftice. - 
 
 The Javans were at this time a warlike people, well 
 armed, with fworiis, targets, and daggers, forged by 
 themfclves, and cxquifitety wrought. They were foci- 
 able, full of vivacity, and beyond defcription happy. 
 They were likewifc hofpitable to ftrangers, and not at 
 all addided to thievery, the general charaiiU-riftic of the 
 iflanders in the Pacific Sea. 
 
 From Java Drake intcmled to have vifitcd the Ma- 
 laccas, b6t his company became troublefome, be- 
 ing defiroDiof return'.ig home. On this occafion he 
 called to mind the fpxch of Mafter Fletcher, while 
 they retiiained liopclcf* upon the rock, and, under pre- 
 tence of his fpiriting up tnc people to oppofc him, he 
 caufed him, lavs our author, " to be made faft by one 
 of hi« legs uitn a chain, and a '\aple knocked faft intA 
 the hatches, in the forecafllc of the fliip. He called all 
 the company together, and then put a lock about one of 
 his legs I and l)rakc, fitting crofs.lcgged on a chcfl, and 
 a pair of pantoHes in his hand, he faid, Francis Fletcher, 
 I do here excommunicate thee out of the Church of 
 God, and from all the benefits and graces thereof, and 
 I renounce thee to the devil and all his angels t and then 
 he chained him, upon p«in of death, not once to come 
 before the maftt for. if he did, he fwore he (hould be 
 hanged, and Drake caufed a pofey to be written, and 
 bound about Fletcher's arm, with charge, that if he took 
 it off he fliould then be hanged; the poTey was, Fran- 
 cis Fletcher, the falsest knavi tHAT liveth." It 
 docs not, however, appear how long he was obliged to 
 wear this pofey as it is called. But Drake was obliged 
 to alter his relolution, and comply with the company'a 
 defircs. 
 
 On the 35th of March, 1580. he thertlbre took hit 
 departure, and, on the 1 5th of jurte, they doubled the 
 Cape of Good Hope, having then on board his fliip 
 fifty -fcvcn men, and but three cafks of water. 
 
 On tTle 1 7th of July they palTed the Line, reached the 
 craft of Guinea on the 16th, and on July the aid ar- 
 rived at Sierra Lcona, after a moft delightful pafTage, in 
 which they difcovered how much the Portuguefe had 
 abufed the world in their falfe reprcfenrations of the 
 horrors and dangers that attended the navigation round 
 the Cape. At Sierra Lema they ftaid two daya to re- 
 frefli the men, and , having fumifhed themfelvcs with 
 wood and water for the remainder of the v<»agc, they 
 fct fail for England in high expediation of^ enriching 
 their country, with the fpous of the Spaniards. 
 
 On the nth of September they made the ifland of 
 Fcnra, and, on the third of November, they entered 
 the harbour of Plymouth. In this voyage Drake fur- 
 rounded the world, which no Commander in Chief had 
 ever done befbrct and whati at that time appeared a 
 thing extnordinaiv, by fteering a wcftem courfe they 
 had left ^ day in their account. 
 
 Their fuccefs in this voyage, and .the imincnle wealth 
 they 1)rDught home, nifed much d>fcourfe thiWighout 
 the kingdoms Ibme highly comnwnding, »nd ibme u 
 
 loudly 
 
To the SOUTH SKA tnii ROUND iht W O R L D. 
 
 yts 
 
 ac 
 
 loudly decrying the primiplct u|j«m» which it wa« 
 quired, thefottner •llrdgnl. thai thti emtr\ym.e wni 
 not only honourable to the Comimmlcr whocomluv'M, 
 and the ciew who affiftcd in thenerfonnanccof it, but 
 to their country I that it would eftablilh our n-putation 
 for maritime (ViH in foreign nation*, and rairc a laudable 
 fpirit of emulation at homei and that, ai to the money, 
 our meichant» having fuffered deeply by the trcachrry 
 tnd villainy of the Spaniard* In the new difcovcrcd 
 tountry, there wm notnif^ more juft than that the na- 
 tion (hould receive an equivalent bv the reprifali which 
 Drake and hli company, at the nrttrd of their live*, 
 had bravely extorted. 
 
 The other party arsucd. that Drake, in h&, waa no 
 better than a pirate i that, of all othcrj, it lead became 
 ■ trading nation tocountrnamc fuch ilcjprcdationti that 
 the cxiiedition wai not only a breach of all our treaties 
 with Spain, but likewife of our old ieaguei with the 
 Hoiifeof Burgundy) and that the confequencct would 
 infallibly involve the Queen in a war, by which the na- 
 tion would fuflcr inHnitcly more than the richei acquired 
 by a (Ingle (hip could counterbalance. 
 
 Theft were the (cntimcnti, and fhefe the fuccula- 
 tions with which the different parties amufcif thcni- 
 felvei forfome time after the arrival of Orakcin hii na- 
 tive country. At length, the apjirohition of the Queen 
 drtermined the difpiirr; for all aiiniicfccd in the wif- 
 doinof thfir S(Wi rcijMi. 
 
 lope? Vaz, a .Spunilh writer, fays, that Proke car- 
 ried from thccoaft of Peru, 866,000 pezocs of filver, 
 equal to 866 quintalt, equal to too pound weight each 
 quintal, amounting to 1 ,1 ;)9,30O ducats. I Ic nlln car- 
 ried away 100,000 pezocs of gold, equal to 10 quintals, 
 each quintal valued at ijoo Spanifli diicatsi u d all 
 this over and above the trcufure in the (liip, \^ hich wua 
 not entered, conlilling of gold, (ilvcr, pearls, precious 
 Hones, coined money, and other things oC great value. 
 He alfo rifled the rtiips from the Philippines, laden with 
 fpicei, filks, velvets, and other rich merchandi/c, the 
 value not known. — By the above account, the lilvcr 
 only,at 5s. per m. amounts to 359,8001. and the gold 
 to 48,0001. uerling. But we have fccn a mnnufcript 
 that makea the value of the whole cargo biought home 
 by the Golden Hind (for that was the name that Dral^e 
 cnoCe his (hip, the Pelican, (hould Ik know n by) amount 
 to 8oo,oool. though that which was divided among the 
 crew was only 8o,OOOI. Is it not rcafonahlc then to con- 
 clude, that the (^een and Council had a conflderable 
 Dure of the remainder? 
 
 On the 4th of April, 1581, her Majefty went to 
 Deptford, and dineaon board the (hip in which fo 
 many Kings had been entertained before; and, after 
 dinner, (he conferred the honour of knighthood on her 
 Gommanden an honour not to be obtained in thole 
 days on trivial occalions, but as a reward for fignal fcr- 
 vices. This ttArk of diflindlion was a full declaration 
 of her Majelly's approbation, filenced Drake's ene- 
 mies, and gave joy to nis friends. She likewife gave di-> 
 Kdlions for the prcfcrvation of the (hip, that it might 
 ictnaina monument of his own and hi« country's glory. 
 
 What contributed the more to render the tame of 
 Drake illuilrious, was the frequent attempts that had 
 been made by navigators, the mod renowned in their 
 time, to atchieve the fame; but without Tuccefs. In 
 I (87 the Spaniarda fent Gracca de Loaifa, a Knight of 
 Malta, with a fquadron of feven (hips to follow the rout 
 of Magellan, who, though his (hip returned to Spain, 
 
 E; he nimfelf lod his life, before he arrived at the Ma- 
 cas, thepromifed iflands. Loaifa palTed the (traits, 
 indeed, loft fome of his (hips in the South Seas, others 
 put into the ports of New Spain, and only his own velTcl 
 and one more reached the Eaft Indies, where himfelf 
 and all his people peri(hed. 
 
 In t5a6,theGenocfe fent two (hipstopafs the ftraits, 
 of which one was caft away, and the other returned 
 home withoi' eifedling any thing. 
 
 Sebaftian Cabot, in the ('erviccof the crown of Por- 
 tugal, made the like trial 1 but, not beii^ able to find 
 the ftraiu, returned into the river of Plate. 
 
 AiiH-ricu* Velp'ilius, a Morcniine, lioni whom the 
 new world rrt eivrd \U name, undertook to perlnrm, in 
 ihelcrviyefll tine crown o( iVtugal, what Cat)wt hn<| 
 pmmifcd with<Hit cri^t I but that vain man was llill 
 more unforl,unate : for he could neither hnd die ftraits, 
 nor the river of Plate. 
 
 Some years after this, the Spaniards equipped a (bi^t 
 fquadron, under the command of Simon dc Ald'ar^j 
 but, liefore they reached the height of the (\raiu, the 
 crews mutinied, and obliged their Commander to re* 
 turn. 
 
 S«M.-K repeated mifcarriage* difcouraged even thtf 
 ableft and noldrit feaincm lo that from this time both 
 Spaniaidiand other* dropped uU thoughts of emulating 
 MageUan, till Drake conceiving hisdvllgn, as has al- 
 ready been faid, concealed it in his brealt till ripe fuT 
 execution^ 
 
 Being now advanced to eminence, in 1585 he was 
 employed in the Queen'* fervice, and fent on an expe- 
 dition to the Wcl\ Tndie*iis Commander in chicfi and 
 having under him Captain Martin Forbilher, Captain 
 Knollys, and other experienced OHicers of the royal 
 navy, he took St. Jugo, St. Domingo, Carthageiia, ani 
 St. AugtiHin. He returned elated with hi* fuccefsi 
 but, a* our author (ay*, not much enriched by the 
 plunder. 
 
 In 1587, he waiaipiln employed in nn expedition to 
 l.ilbon, in which Captain Forbilher alio bore a part. 
 Here they pained incrthgcncc that a conliderable fleet 
 was allciiibled in the bay of Cadiz, with a view to the 
 forming an armament for the invadon ot England 1 he 
 immediately repaired to 'heir place ot rendezvous, and 
 fell upon them at un.iwarcsi and, as it is fuid, burnt 
 10,000 tonsof (hipping, with all the l^orcs which they 
 were amalling for the intcuded invalion. 
 
 ill their return they fell in with a carrack from the 
 Ivilt Indies, richly laden, of which they likcw ifc got in- 
 telligence in the port of Li(bon. This was the St. 
 Philip, of which Linfchoten gives the folloning ac- 
 count, when this Dutchman was at Goa, the chief fet^ 
 tlement of the Portiigucfe in the Eaft Indies: " There 
 came in, he fays, from the idand of Japan, certain Je- 
 fuits, and with them three Princes, being the children 
 of fo many Kings of that country, wholly apparelled 
 like Jefiiits, not one of them above the age of 1 5 years, 
 being minded by the perfua(ion of the Jcfuits ro vifit 
 Portingall,' and from thence to go to Rome to fee the 
 Pope, thereby to procure great profit, privilegca, and li' 
 bcrties for the miflionaries in that idand. 
 
 " In 1584, they (et fail for Portingallo, and ftom 
 thence travelled into Spain, where, by the King and all 
 the Spanilh nobility,they were with honour received,and 
 prcfciucd with many gifts, which the Jefuiu kept for 
 themfelvea. 
 
 " Out of Spain, they rOde to fee the Pope t that done, 
 they travelled throughout Italy, where they were much 
 honoured, and prelented with many rich prefents, by 
 means of the great report the lefuits made of them. 
 
 " To conclude, they returned to Madrid, where with 
 great Iwinour they took their leave of the King, who fur^^ 
 ni(hed them with letter* of recommendation to the 
 Viceroy, and all the Portingall Governors of India; fo 
 they went to Lilbon, and there took lhippii» in i j86, 
 andcamc to Goa in the (hip called St. Phinp, which 
 (hip, in her return to Portingall, was taken by Captain 
 Drake, being the firft that was taken coming from the 
 Eaft Indies; which the Portugucfe took for an evil fign, 
 becaufc the (hip bore the King's own name;" both Spain 
 and Portugal being at that time governed by the lame 
 Sovereign. 
 
 " When the Princes and jcfuits of Japan arrived at 
 Goa on their return from Europe, they were received, 
 adds Linfchoten, with great rejoicings > for it was verily 
 thought tfiey had all been dead. On their landing they 
 were all three apparelUd in cloth of gold and (ilver after 
 the lulian manner, being the (kmp the Italian noblemen 
 and gentlemen had {riven them. They came to Goa 
 very lively and in hi^h fpirits; and the Mutes weq; not 
 a little proud, that through their ibeaitf^^YOjrage had 
 
 bcca 
 
 ■I 
 
396 
 
 Sir F R a N C I S D R A K E'g 
 
 VOYAGES 
 
 i 
 
 »■ 
 
 
 
 been fucccfsfully |)crfoiincd. In Goa they (laid till the 
 monfoon or time of the winil'* fetting in to fail for 
 China, and thence to Japan, where, with great triunnph 
 and wondering of all the people, they were received and 
 welcomed home, to the great furtherance of the Je« 
 fuits." 
 
 The St. Philip, in her voyage to Goa, had been driven 
 by (Ircfs of weather into Maliimbiquc, where flic met 
 with the St. Laurence, homeward bound, that had like- 
 wife been driven into the fame port difabied, having 
 loll hor malls, and received other confidcrablc damage, 
 by which Ihe was rendered unfcrviceable. . The St. 
 Philip, therefore, as foon as Ihc had landed her palFcn- 
 gers at Goa, returned to Mafambique, and took in the 
 lading of the St. Laurence, which enabled her to make 
 her vopge to Europe about the ufual time; a circum> 
 (lance fortunate for Drake, ;< It increafeJ both his fame 
 and his fortune. 
 
 .In 15 8R, Drake was appointed Vice-Adminal, under 
 Charles Loi-d ElHn^ham Howard, Migh-Aiimiral o( 
 England, tooppolc tlie tbnnidable arm-adu thut had for 
 three years bctore been fecrctly prefraring in Spain for 
 the invaiion of England. In Drake's letter 10 Eord 
 Treafurcr Burleigh, .uquainting him with the approach 
 of the Spaniards, he concludes with this cicgant coii.- 
 pliment to iiis fupcrioi : " That, though the Itrength of 
 the enemy out-wcnt report, yet. the chcarlulncfs a:\d 
 couracje which the Lord Admiral expreflcd gave iili Mho 
 had. the honour to ferve under him afluranuc ol \ii> 
 tory ;" a compliment w hich was the more admired in 
 Drake, as in a former letter to the fame Mini tier, in 
 which he tells him of his gallant atchievement in the 
 port of Cadiz, " Not rclling, faid he, at Lillxin, wc 
 failed fo clofe to tlic Spaniih King, that ue tinged his 
 beard;" a coarfe metaphor, it inuil be owned, but 
 ftrongly charatterillic. 
 
 Draie's good fortune (lilt accompanied him; for in 
 the engagement which afterwardj happened on the ar- 
 rival of the armada, though he committed the greatcll 
 error that ever Commander was guilty of, by purfuing 
 fbme hulks belonging to the Hans Towns for plunder, 
 when he was cntrullcd to carry lights in the night for 
 tftiediredionof the Engliih fleet, he mifled the Admiral j 
 yet he was the only Commander who profited molt by 
 the dellru^ilion of the enemy. Lord Howard, fuppof- 
 ing the lights of the SpaniHi Admiral to be the lights 
 which Drake was ordered to carry, was entangled in the 
 very centre of rhe Sjianilh fleet, before he found his 
 miilakcj but, fortunately, night favouring his efcape, 
 he difengaged himfelf.bcforc he was difcovered. This 
 blunder was afteVwards eftaced by the gallant behavi- 
 ou: of Drake, than whom ni. nun was ever bolder, or 
 more determined. Wc do not, however, find his name 
 an ong ihc Commanders whom the Lord High Admi- 
 ral thought proper to thr .k for '.heir Cervices on that oc- 
 talion. On the id of July, fays Strype, Sir Francis, 
 obferving a large Spaniih galleon, commanded by Don 
 Pedro de Valdca, v* ho was the reputed projeclor of the 
 invalion, floating at a diClance from both fleets, fent his 
 pinnace to fummon the Captain to furrendcr, who at 
 firft vaupri'gly fct him at defiance ; but being told it 
 was Drake that required him to yield, he immediately 
 llruck hi- colours, and, wiih 46 of hi* crew, came on 
 board the conqueror. Ifi this fliip he found 50,000 du- 
 cats, with other cflccis to a much greater amount. 
 
 The next year he was appointed Admiial of a fqua- 
 dron fent to place Don Antonio on the throne of Por- 
 tugal, to which 'at Prince pretended to have a right. 
 •• But, favs Rapin, (whofe account of this expedition 
 we (hall follow) as the Queen was cJitrcmely frugal, and 
 an undertaking againft Spain could not but be very cx- 
 |)ei»«vc, (lie (b onicrcd it, that Drake and Norris took 
 upon them to be at the chitrgc, in hopes of making 
 themfclvcs amends by the booty they (hould meet with. 
 So (he only found them fix (hip* of war, with a prefent 
 of 60,0001.. with leave to railc foldiers and failors (or 
 the cxfii:dition: Drak* had already tried the Spaniards 
 in Ahicrica »nd in the Channel, and was convinced 
 they were.i|M)K fornud;U>lc in (ummon opinion tlian in I 
 ... ' 3 
 
 reality ; where(orc. joining witl^ Sir }obp l^fxrif, amii 
 fome other private pcrfons, thcv equipped, a fleet, anfl 
 embarked n, 000 foldiers and ijoo tpiurjpM- The 
 Hollanders having alfo added foine (bip«, the fleet con- 
 lifted, according to Stow, of 446 faif, tranfports and 
 vidluallers included. Drake commanded at Tea, and 
 Norris was General of the land forces. They took 
 with them Don Antonio, who hocMad, by the afliftancp 
 of the EnglKh to l»e put in pofleilion Qf hi» kifigdwi. 
 w here he pretended to have msny.friendi. 
 
 ^« They failed from Plymouth on the i8th orAprij, 
 and foon after arrived at thp Groyne, w.bere lanainR 
 their troops, they alTaulted the lower town, and carried 
 it by (lorm. Then they bcfiegcd the upper town. But 
 Norris, having advice that the Condeoi Andrada was 
 approaching with a body of troops to relieve the piaca. 
 liiddenly raifcd the liege to march againft him; and. 
 oN'crtaking him, flew 3Q00 of his men. This done, he 
 burnt feveral villages; and, without returning to the 
 liege, re-embarked his troops, their principal defign 
 being againfl Portugal. 
 
 " vV'hilll they were failing towanis thecoaflsof that 
 kingdom, they were joined by the Earl of EITcx, with 
 fome (liips he had armed at his own charge, unknown 
 to the Queen. Some days after, they arrived at Pant- 
 cha, a little town in Portugal, and, taking it, relloredit 
 U) Don .Antonio; from thence Norris marched by land 
 to Lilbon, Drake promiling to follow with the fleet up 
 the Tai'iis, l'hoi<rBiy marched 40 miles without op- 
 poiition ; and encamping before Lilbon, took the (u- 
 Lniibs ol St. Catharine: but, as Drake performed not 
 \m promil'e, and the army wanted cannon and ammu- 
 nition, it was lefolvcd in a council of war to retire^ 
 This ieli)liition wa.s taken, becaufe there was ifo ap- 
 pearance thai the Portugucic were inclined to revolt, i$ 
 Don Antonio had expected ; and alfo, becaufe there 
 \\as no news of the fuccourn he had boafted of (rom 
 the King of Morocco. The army marchijig toward* 
 the mouth of the Tagus, met Drake, who had taken 
 the town of Cafcaes, and excufed himfelf upon the 
 impollibility of performing his promife. Some days 
 alter, the caftle of Cafcaes furrendering, it was blown 
 up; and, to make themfclves amends for the chaijgci 
 of the ex{Kdition, the Engliih fei/.ed (ixty vellcU la(^n 
 with corn, and all manner of naval ftorcs to equip a 
 new Htf t againd England, belonging to the Hans Towns. 
 Then they went and took Vigo, which was abandoned 
 by the inhabitants; and, firing the town, returned to 
 1-lngland. This expedition did fome danuze to the 
 king of Spain, but was of no benefit to Elizaboth 1 
 and the booty was not fuflicient to pay for equipping 
 the fleet, though Camden fays, they brought nomc 
 I 50 pieces of heavy cannon, and a g'eat booty. , Above 
 fix thuufand men peridicd in this expedition by lick^ 
 nefs. , . • 
 
 The writers of Drake's life fay, that Norris griev* 
 9ufly reproached Drake with breach of his prpn)iie. 
 and charged the mifcarriage of the expedition to 
 his timidity. Indeed, Drake's good genius feems now 
 to have tbrfaken him; and happy, fay the fante wri- 
 ters, if, having received this firft check at play, hehad 
 withdrawn his (lake. 
 
 As the war with Spain continued, Hawkins- and 
 Drake, who, as it Hioukl leem, wanted t'> continue 
 their old game, w here the profits were more, and the 
 danger le(s, united their intereft to pcrfuade the Quctn 
 and Council to undertake an efl^cCtual expedition to the 
 Weft Indies, by which the nation might be enriched, 
 and tiic enemy deprived of thole rclources by which 
 they were enabled to aury on the war. 
 
 I'or this purpofe they proturetl, according toRapin, 
 twenty-fix of the Qjieen's (hipn, the equipment of 
 which, like the foriiier, (ceimto nave been fupplird by 
 private adventure; a practice at that time ver>' com- 
 HKJn, where plunder was to be the reward. TJhc pre- 
 parations for this expctlitiim, however, as it far exceeded 
 aii fornrcr enterprizcs to the American Iiidies, could 
 not he. made fo privately, or conduc'lcd fo fccrnly, but 
 that the Spaniaids tinind means to difcovcr both its 
 
 ftrength 
 
To the S O tr T H SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 
 
 397 
 
 ftrength and deftination, and prepared thcmfelvcs ac- 
 cordingly. ^ , ^ , 
 
 A« the places that were to be attacked lay at a great 
 dilhince, it was neccflary to gain time, in order to for- 
 tify them. It wai, therefore, found nccclTary to dcvife 
 fome expedient to prevent the failir^ of that formida- 
 ble armament, till every thing was in readinefs to op- 
 pofc it. Accordingly, it was given out, that a fccond 
 mvafionwai intended againft England; and when the 
 Spanifti fleet was ready to fail for America, that had 
 been equipping under pretence of an invafion, a fliam 
 ' attack was made upon Cornwall, in order to fpread an 
 alarm, and give it countenance. 
 
 This had the deTired eflRwft. Ik was thought ittipro- 
 per to part with fo many ftout (hips while the nation 
 was threatened} and the expedition was therefore re- 
 tarded, till the panic had fubfidcd. 
 
 It was therefore the 28th of Auguft, 1695, before the 
 G>mmanders obtained pcrmiflion to fail; and in the 
 mean time the Queen having received advice that the 
 plate fleet was fafe arrived in Europe, and that only one 
 ihip, which had fprung her mart, remained behind, her 
 Majefty acquainted them with the intelligence, and ad- 
 vifcd them to attack Porto Rico, before they purfued 
 their grand enterprize,by which they might make thcm- 
 felves matters of the galleon without lofing much time 
 inthcconqucft. 
 
 Sir Francis Drake, who was not formed to adt m con- 
 jund expeditions, had not been long at fca before he 
 differed in opinion from his fellow Commander, and 
 purfued a projcd totally difl'erent from the firfV objcd 
 of the voyage, in which, however, he was feconded by 
 Sir Thomas Balkerville, Commander of the land forces. 
 This fchemc was to attack the Canaries in the way to 
 America; in which, however, they failed; and fpending 
 neceflarily much time in the iflaml of I>)minica in land- 
 ing and refrefliing the men, ,who. being unufed to long 
 voyages in hot climates, were many of them unfit to 
 
 })toceed,the Spaniards had fo efliedlually prepared thcm- 
 clvcs, that, when the Generals came to adion, they 
 found an oppofition very different from what they ex- 
 pc£t£d I and were foon fcnfible, that what they had for- 
 merly effe^ed by furprize with a handful of failors, was 
 not now to be accomplifhed with a whole army of dif- 
 ciplined troops. , . - 
 
 In their courfe to Porto Rico, one of the Iternmoft 
 ihipsof the Englifti fleet fell into the hands of five Spa- 
 rtilhfrigates that had been fent from Spain to convoy 
 heme the galleon from that port. From this fliip they 
 gained the intelligence of the intended attack, the 
 confequences of which being forefeen bv Sir John 
 Hawkms, it threw him into a fudden diforder, of 
 which in a few days he died— fome fay, of a broken 
 
 heart. 
 
 They were now, November u, 1595, before Pc.to 
 Rico, and the fame evening that Sir John Hawkins 
 died, as the principal officers were at fupper, a cannon- 
 ihot from the fort pierced the cabin, killed Sir Ni- 
 cholas Clifford, wounded Captain Stratford, mortrlly 
 wounded Sir Bwtc Browne, and ftruck the ftool from 
 under Sir Francis Drake, as he was drinking fuccefs (o 
 the attack. 
 
 The next day, purfuant to a refolution of a council of 
 war, a general atuck was made upon the fliipping in 
 the harbour, but without etfed. The Spaniards Tuf- 
 fered much, but the Englifti more ; who, finding it im- 
 poflible to make an impreflion upon the fortifications of 
 the town, weighed anchor, and fteered to Rio de la Ha- 
 cha, fet ftre to the town and burned it to the ground : 
 they likewife performed fome other exploits of the like 
 kind ; but having landed the troops deffined to crofs 
 the iffhmus to attack Panama, after a fatiguing march 
 in which they were great fuffcrers, they returned, 
 without being able to reach the place. This difap- 
 
 E ointment materially aflfedted Dralce, who having, as 
 e thought, provided a fufiicient force to carry into 
 execution the enterprize which he had well-nigh ef- 
 feded with a few failors and Symcrons fome years be- 
 fore, could not bear the thought of furviving his dif- 
 No. 48. 
 
 grace. " Now. fays Fuller, bccan the difcontcnt of 
 I .Sir Francis Drake to feed upon him. He conceived, 
 that expedbtion, a mercilefs ufurer, computing each 
 day fince his departure, exadlcd an intc. eft and return 
 of honour and profit proportionable to his great pre- 
 parations, and tranfcending his former atchievcmcnts. 
 He faw that all the good which he had ilone in his voy- 
 age, conflff^d in the evil he had done the Spaniards afar 
 off, whereof he could prefcnt but fmall vifibic fruits in 
 England. Thefc apprehcnfions accompanying, if not 
 caufing, the difeafe of the flux, wrought his fudden 
 death ; and fickncfs did not fo much untie his cloaths, 
 as forrow did rend at once the robe of his mortality 
 afunder; He lived by the fea, died on it, and was bu- 
 ried in it. 
 
 This account of the manner of Sir Francis Drake's 
 death fcems to be authentic, though fome have not 
 fcrupled to infinuate, that ficknefs had no part in that 
 cataftrophe. Be that as it may. Fuller's reflexions 
 upon it defcrve to be remembered. " Thus, fays he, 
 we fee how great fpirits; having mounted to the higheft 
 pitch of performance, afterwards ftrain and break their 
 credit in ftrivingtogo beyond it. Or, it may be, God 
 oftentimes leaves the brightefl men in an eclipfe, to 
 fhew that they do but bbrrow their luftre from his re- 
 flexion." 
 
 Thus we have endeavoured to trace the aclions of 
 this celebrated navigator from beginning to end. If 
 we have withdrawn the veil, which has hitherto covered 
 his infinnities, it has. been in the purfuit of truth; not 
 with a dcfign to detrad from his real merit, but to (hew 
 his charaXer in the true light. In the current of fuc- 
 ccfs, even crimes df the deepeft dye are fometimcs pi- 
 tronifcd even by the public. The adlions which gave 
 rife to Drake's popularity, are fuch as a courageous 
 leader, with an hundred armed followers, might in 
 thefe peaceable times eafily perform, by entering the 
 cities or towns ort the coaft of Britain, in the dead of 
 night, cutting the throats of the watch, and all who 
 happen to be awake in the ftreets, breaking open and 
 plundering houfes, and churches, feizirtg every thing va- 
 luable that ihould fall, into their hands, and, before the 
 people could recover from their confternationj making 
 their efcape with their booty. Were fuch a company 
 mafters of an armed veffel, if there were no (hip of 
 force to oppofe them, what (hould hinder their failing 
 from place to place, and, " provided rhey could out- 
 run report," performing the like exploits in every town 
 theyrameto.' Would there beany thing truly great irt 
 this? Or would the man who fiiould undertake and exe- 
 cute an enterprize of fiicha horrid nntur*-, bejuftly en- 
 titled to the name of Hero.' If not, what Ihall we fay 
 of Drake's nodurnal enterprize on Nombre de Dios; 
 of his way-laying the treafurc in the road from Pa^ 
 naina ; of his ranging the unarmed coalls of Chili and 
 Peru; and of his plundering vilLigcs, towns, and fliips 
 belonging to a peaceable unfufpecting peoplcj with 
 whom his nation was at peace, and from whom oppo- 
 fition was not to be dreaded? What, indeed, did the 
 people at that time fay .' Thofe who were the fuffcrers 
 cried out loudly againft the plunderer; and Bemar- 
 dine de Mendoza, i.isSpanilh Ambafladdr at the court 
 of Queen Elizabeth, inlifted that he fliouid be puniflied 
 for his robberies, and that all the money and cfleds he 
 hadfeizedfliouldbereftored; but^ if the Queen was a 
 private adventurer, as. from Drake's declaration to his 
 followers, and from other inflanceS of the womaniffi 
 littlenefTes of that Princefs, there is reafon to fufpedt* 
 What hope was there of juftice or re!iitution from re- 
 monftrance? Indeed, it ferved that avaricious Queen 
 for a pretence to feciueftcr the treslure which Drake 
 brought home, and to convert, it is probable, the 
 greateft part of it to her own ufc; for, as we have al- 
 ready ftiewn from good authority above, though the 
 whole booty was valued at 8cxj,oool. yet only 8o,oool. 
 was divided among the plunderers; and Rapin t^lls us^ 
 that fome part of the treafure was afterwards repaid by 
 the Queen to Spain. If flic had not retained enough 
 in her hands, no one will fuppofc, that the Sovereign, 
 i ** *nB 
 
 . m 
 
 iii 
 
398 DRAKE'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD, &c. 
 
 'It 
 
 II 
 
 It 
 
 who could caufe the goods of her favourite Lcicefter to 
 be fet to public fale alter his death, for the payment of 
 monev (he had lent him, would have repaid to Spain 
 from her own coffers the plunder that haa been unjuftly 
 ttken by one of her meaner fubjedh. 
 
 To dignify adlions, therefore, of the moft infamous 
 
 J)iracy with the name of great, is to exalt vice, and to 
 iibilitute fuccefsful villainy in the place of fubftantial 
 virtue. If we view Drake in the light of a courageous 
 plunderer, he may vie with the De la Poles, the Black- 
 beards, or any of thofe daring didurbers of the times 
 in which they lived, who ftruck a panic wherever they 
 roved to commit their ravages: but, confider him as a 
 Commander, employed in the defence of his country, 
 and we (hall fee nothing to admire, except his courage. 
 In the (ird enterprize in which he was engaged, he was 
 indeed fuccefsful. The Queen, fiifpeding an intention 
 in Philip of Spain to revenge the injuries his fubjcCls 
 had received, pitched upon Drake, who had given the 
 offence, as the fitteft man to prevent the con(equcnces. 
 He, therefore, as he had done before, attacked the 
 enemy by furprize, and fct (ire to a defencelefs number 
 of tranfports aflembled in the harbour of Cadiz, with- 
 out a fliip of war to proted them, or a gun fired by 
 way of oppofition. The accident whicn afterwards 
 threw the rich India fliip in his way, on his return home, 
 did him no honour as a Commarider, though it gave 
 him credit as a fortunate adventurer: nor did his be- 
 haviour in the Channel, when, inftcad of maintaining 
 his port, he purfucd the Hans merchant fliips, a<lii at 
 all to his reputation as a Vice- Admiral. His American 
 cnterprizc with Ixrd Carlifle was .ittcndcd with no lau- 
 rels; and the only two cnterprizcs in which he was cm- 
 ployed in a joint comm.-ind, he ruined by his perfidy 
 and felf-conceit. 
 
 It may, indeed, be urged in Drake's defence, that it 
 was the policy of the Queen his Sovereign, to counte- 
 nance her fubjeds in diftrclling Spain, and in mortify- 
 ing the haughty monarch who fat upon the throne ; and 
 that ainioft ail the heroes of her adtive reign, acquired 
 their glory by pradiccs founded on the fame prevailing 
 principle. 
 
 This argument in his favour cannot be denied its due 
 weight. The expeditions of Sir John Hawkins; of 
 Sir Walter Raleigh; of Lord Carlifle; of Sir John 
 Norris; of the Earl of lillcx; of Cavemlifh ; and, in- 
 deed, of moft others undertaken againft Spain, were 
 profefTedly with a view to plunder; and the charges of 
 fitting them out were chiefly borne by thofe who were 
 to be (harers in the booty: yet, furciy, therf is a mate- 
 
 rial difference between the glory that is purchafcd bf 
 valour in the field, and fame that is acquired by com- 
 padls to furprize the innocent, and invade the property 
 of the peaceable. 
 
 Havmg now feen Drake in two diflin^ points of 
 view, as a leader of a company of plunderers, and as a 
 Commander in the royal navy, let us do julUcc to his 
 charadler by viewing him as a mariner, and in that 
 light he will hardly nave his equal. To project a voy- 
 age round the globe, and to condutA it without the affiu- 
 ance of a rmglc mariner on board who had ever crofTed 
 the i^ine, Nunc da Silva, the Ponugucfc pilot, ex- 
 cepted, was, perhaps, one of the boldeft exjMoiu that 
 ever man performed. His navigating his (nips along 
 the coafl of Brazil; his carrying them through the 
 flraits of Magellan in a (horter time than any mariner 
 has ^verdonc fmcc; his keeping ^hc fea in a ftorm 
 for thirty days together; his (kill in navigating the coafls 
 of Chili, Peru, and New Spain, where no Englifli 
 fliip had ever failed ; his accuracy in difcovering the 
 track of the Spanifh fliip from the Eafl Indies, and his 
 confummate fagacity ih purfuing a new courfe home to 
 avoid purfuers ; cannot be enough admiredor applauded. 
 His knowledge of the globe is manifcfl from the firft 
 attempt he made to return home by a northern pa(rage: 
 a pafTagewhii h.hc knew would not only fecurc him from 
 the danger of purfuers, but, were it pradicable, would 
 open a tiec intcrcourfc between his nation and the rich 
 inluibitaiit.s of that opulent country in which he was 
 tiun lituatcd. Finding himfelf, however, difappointed 
 in this deligii, how great was his fagacity in the difco- 
 veiy of an unknown country, wherein to repair his (hip, 
 refri til his toiloucrs, take in wood and water, and to 
 fiipply iiinifelf with every necclTary for the vaft voyage 
 by fea he wm to encounter; and yet, fuch was his know- 
 ledge in n^aking provifion againll every contingency 
 that might happen, that he loll but one man by fick- 
 nefs dm ing the long run from the coaft of New Spain 
 to the Lad rones, in which Commodore Anfon loft near 
 half his crew. Nur is his (killlefs to beadmired in his 
 return from the Ladroncs, the moft dangerous naviga- 
 tion of any part of the known world; for, except the 
 accident upon the rock, as has already been related, he 
 failed from the l.adrones to Java unembarrafTed; from 
 Java to Sierra Lcona, on the coaft of Africa, without 
 touching at any jwrt, or encountering any difliculty, fave 
 from a (carcity of water; a thing hardly to be credited, 
 and which was never performed by any mariner before 
 his time, or (ince. 
 
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 A NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE HISTORY of 
 
 CAPTAIN coo K's 
 
 Third and Laft VOYAGE 
 
 T O T H E 
 
 PACIFIC OCEAN: 
 
 Underuken, Purfuant to hii M A JES T Y's Order, 
 
 By the faid C A p T. JAMES COOK, 
 
 HAVING UNDER HIS COMMAND 
 
 Samuel Gierke, John Gore, and James King, El(]|uires; 
 
 In his Britannic MAJESTY'S Ships, 
 
 The RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY: 
 
 Being Written in a more pleafing and elegant Stile than any other Work of the Kind; and including all 
 the various important Difcoveries, Fads, Incidents, and Circumftances, related in a fatisfadory Manner. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 From the 12th of July 1776, to the 4.th of OAober 1780, Inclufive, 
 A Period of four Years and nearly three Months : 
 
 And comprehending a great Variety of intcrefting Particulars, entirely unnoticed in other Narratives, 
 and wrhich con&quently renders all other Works of this Kind fpurious and incomplete. 
 
 Whfch Voyage was the Laft, under the Dircdlion of that able and much to be lament :d Navigator, Capuin Cook, 
 with the View of making new Difcoveries in the Northern Hemifphcre; and, particularly, in order to afcertain 
 the Praflicability of a North. Weft Paflage from Europe to the Eaft Indies, between the Continents of Afia and 
 America; and the Pofition^ Extent, and Diftance of which, he was likcwife to determine. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 A genuine and copious Account of the Death of the Captains C(xik, and CIcrke: — Captain Cook having explored 
 theCoaftof America, from 42 deg. 27. min. to yodeg. 40 min. 57 fee. North latitude, was killed by the Na-. 
 lives of a new difcovcred Ifland in the South Sea, on the 1 4th of February 1 779 ; and was fucceedcd by Captain 
 Gierke, who died at Sea, of a lingering Ulnefs, Auguft the 22nd 1779 ; after which melancholy Events, Captain 
 Gore took the command of the Refolution, and Mr. King, her firft Lieutenant, was promoted to that of the 
 Difcovery: the Whole being (not an Abridgement but an entire original Narrative) extradted faithfully fromtJie 
 Original Journals of fcveral Officers, and Private Papers; and jiluftrated wi'h thegreatcft Variety of curious and 
 fplendid Copper-Plates, confifting of Pttrtraits.Perfpeclive Views, Landfcapes.Hiftorical Pieces,andmoftftriking 
 Keprcfentations of remarkible Events, natural Cunoiities, &c. all taken during the Voyage, and now engraved 
 by the moft capital Artifts of this Kingdom; together with all tlic Maps, Charts, Plans, &c. (hewing the Trada 
 of the Ships, and relative to Countries now firft difcovcred or hitherto but imperfedly known. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 WE arc now about to enter a new fidd for difco- 
 very and improvement 1 no Icfs than to fix the 
 boundaries of tiie two continents that form the grand 
 divifions, which, though feparatcd to all human ap- 
 pearance, conned the Globe : and i^ order to (liew the 
 importance of the prcfent voyage, and to furnifh our 
 numerous friends, lubfcribers and icaders, with an idea 
 
 of the magnitude of the undertaking, we fliall take a 
 curfory view of that untrodden ground, which former 
 enterprising difcoveicrs viiitcd, and whereon the prin- 
 cipal r:v,v of their operations were exhibited. A 
 brief n tpMilation of their expeditions, will evince 
 plainly, li'iw :nu''i we pre indebted to thofc intrepid 
 navalolVv on w^Di.. j«n country, who have extended 
 
 our 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 ■^m 
 
400 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 r 
 
 ^' 
 
 our acquaintance with the contcrtttt of the Glqbe, 
 opcnc-d new channels to in increafc of knowledge, and 
 alfordcd us frcHi materials, equally intcrening, as they 
 are uncommon, tor the ftudy of human nature m various 
 iituations. Columbus and Magellan, two illunrious 
 foreigners, rendered their names immottal, at an early 
 period. The former, by a perfcverance, of Which there 
 was no precedenti very providentially furmounted every 
 obrtacle that oppofcd his progrefs, and anonilhed Eu> 
 rope with the produdtion of a New Earth, fince called 
 America; while much about the fame time the latter, 
 inQ}ired by a like fpirit of ertterprize, and animated by 
 a magnanimity that defpifcd danger, opened a paflage 
 N>a new fca, to which negavethenatncof Pacinc. 
 
 In the year 1520, on the 6th of November, Ma- 
 gellan entered the Araiis, that have ever fince been 
 called bv his name, and on the 27th of the fame month 
 beheld the wilhed for objed of his purfuit, the Great 
 Southern Ocean. For one hundred and 'hirtecn days, 
 he continued (leering to the north-weft, and having in 
 that timecroflTed the line, he fell in with thofe iftands, 
 to which he gave the name of Lidrones; and proceed- 
 ing from hence in fearch of the Maluccas, he found in 
 his way many little illands, where he was hofpiiably re- 
 ceived, and where a friendly correfpondcnce was efta- 
 blilhed. Thefe iflands were fituated between the La- 
 drones, and what arc now known by the name of the 
 Philippines, in one of which, callcct Nathan, Mairclian, 
 with 60 men, encountering a whole army, was firft 
 wounded with a poifoned arrow, and then pi . ced with 
 a bearded I^nce. His little fquadron. now reduced :o 
 two fliips, and not more then 80 men, departed hr.tilv^, 
 but one only, the Vidtory , returned by the C ipe of Good 
 HoiKT, and was the Firft Ship that ever vs:nt rounf^ che 
 world. Other adventurers were not now w.inrntj to 
 follow the fteps of this intrepid Na\ <gaiOi'. 
 
 In 1 567, Alvarez de Mcndamo, anrher S,>nniard, 
 was fent from Lima, on purpofe for dlovir/. '.I.' 
 failed 800 leagues well ward from the 'o;ift oi' IVi u. and 
 fell in with certain idands in the lat-tudc of 1 1 'ky,. 
 S. and captain Cook inclines to the opi'iior, thai, 
 they are the cluftcr which comprizes what hss (inti: b<i r. 
 called New Britain, &c. Mendamo was alfo f.iid to have 
 difcovercd, in 1575, the ifland of St. Chriftoval, and 
 not far from thence, the Archipelago, called the iltand.t 
 of Solomon, of which great and fmall he counted ajj. 
 
 In 1 577, Sir Francis Drake, who was the firft Liig- 
 lifliman that palled the ftraits of Magellan, difcovcred 
 the ifland of California, which he named New Albion. 
 He alfo difcovered other finall iflands in his route to the 
 43d dcg. of N. latitude, but as hisfole view was to re- 
 turn witn his booty, he paid no regard to objeds of Icfs 
 concern. He arrived in England, by the Cape of Good 
 I lope, in the year 1 580. lo nim fuccccded Sir Thomas 
 Cavendilh, whulikewife pafled the ftraits of Magellan 
 in I c86, and returned nearly by the fame route pointed 
 out by his predecelfor, touching it the Ladrones, and 
 making fome Hay at the Philippii.e ifles, of which, on 
 his return, he gave an entertainmp, defcription. 
 
 In 1 595, the Spam: rds, intent more on difco'.ery than 
 plunder, Htted out foui fhip?. and \^*\,: the command 
 to Alvaro Mendana dc Ncvraj whjfe difcoveries were 
 the Marquefas, Solitary Ifland, ana Santa Cruz: but 
 mod of thofe who embarked on this expedition either 
 died miferably, or were Ihipwrecked. One of the fleet 
 was afterwards found with all her fails fet, and the peo- 
 ple rotten. 
 
 In 1598, Oliver Van Noort pafled the ftraits. He 
 made no difcoveries : but in this year the Scbaldine 
 iflands were difcovercd by Sebald de Wert, the fame 
 known now by the name of Falkland's Ifles. 
 
 In 1605 Pedro Fernando de Quiros conceived the 
 deflgn of difcovering a fouthern continent. He is fup- 
 pofed by Mr. Dairy mple and others, to have been tne 
 lirft into whofe mind the exiftencc of fuch a continent 
 had ever entered. On the 2 1 ft of December he failed 
 froni Calloi with two fliips and a tender. Luis Pai de 
 Torres was entrufl:ed ^^ith ihc command, and Quiros, 
 
 from zeal for the fucccfs of the undertaking, was con- 
 tented to adt in the inferior ftation of pilot. 
 
 Quiros, foon after his return, prclcnted a memorial 
 to Philip II. of Spain, in whicn he enumerates 23 
 iflands that he had difcovered, ainon^^ «hich was the 
 ifland of the Virgin Mar)', and adjoining to it three 
 parts of the country called Auftraliadel Kfpiritu Santo, 
 in which land were found the bay of St. Philip and St. 
 Jago. 
 
 In 1614 George Spitzbergen, with a ftrong fquadron 
 of Dutch ftiips pafled the ftraits of Magellaiit and in 
 J 61 5 Schnuten and Lc Maire, in the Unity of {6o tons, 
 and the Hoorn of no, failed from the lexo), on, the 
 14th of June, profcfledly for the difcoveiy of a rtew paf- 
 fage to the South Sea. The Hoorn was burnt, in ca- 
 reening, at King's ifland, on the coaft of Brazil, and 
 the other left fingly to purfue her voyage. In latitude 
 54 deg. 56 min. the^ came in fight of an opening, to 
 which, (having happily pafloi ii) they gijve the name of 
 Strait le Maire. Having foon after weathered the 
 foiithernmoft point of the American continent, the;/ 
 called that promontory Cape I lorn, or more projur!/ 
 Hoorn, after the town in Holland where the project 
 was firft fccretly toiKcrtcdj and two iflands which ihcy 
 had paired, they named Bcrnevclt. They alfo difco- 
 vered feveral o'hirs, and coafted the north fide of Ncvr 
 Britain. 
 
 In 1642 Abel Tafman failed from Batavia in the 
 Hcemlkirk, accompanied by the Zee Haan pink, with 
 a dclign of dillovering the .Southern Continent. The 
 'irU land he nude was the eaftern point of New Hol- 
 land, lince known by the name of Van Dieman's I^nd. 
 Proceeding in a high latitude to the eaft ward, he fell in 
 with the wefternmoft coaft of New Zealand, where the 
 grc .tcft pan of the crew of the Zee Haan wrre mur- 
 ..crcd by the favages of a bay, to which he gave the 
 name of Murderer's Bay, called by our l.itc navigators 
 Queen Charlotte's Sound. In his palFage he fell in with 
 the ifles of Pylftacrt, Amfterdam, Middleburg, and 
 Rotterdam. Then diredting his courfe to the N. W. 
 Ik difcovered eighteen or twenty fmall iflands, in Kiti- 
 ruJe 17 deg. 19 min. S. longitude 201 deg. 35 min. to 
 which he gave the name of Prince William's Iflands, 
 and HeemlKirk's Banks. From thence Tafman purfued 
 his courfe to New Guinea, without difcovering the fup- 
 pofed continent; and returned to Batavia on the 15th 
 of June 1643. 
 
 In 1681 Dampier pafled the Magellanic Straits, and 
 in 1699 he made a fecond voyage on dilcovery, which 
 was chiefly confined to New I lulland. New Guinea, 
 New Britain, and the iflands adjacent. In 1703, he 
 performed a third voyage, but without making any new 
 difcoveries. He was accompanied in this voyage by 
 Mr. Funnel, to whom thecircumnavigarion of the Globe 
 is afcribed. 
 
 In 1721, the Dutch Eaft-India Company, at the in- 
 ftance of captain Roggewein, fitted out a refpei'lable 
 fleet, for the difcovery of tha'; continer : which lav hi- 
 therto unknown, though belicvid un - t-rfally to jwjL 
 Three ftout (hips were appo.f.ted, and were w II pro- 
 vided for this Icrvice; the Eagis of 36 guns and 1 1 1 
 men, on board of whirb embarked P.rtjewcin as 
 commodore, having under lim ca /lin Coftei, an ex- 
 perienced navigator; the 1 enhovtn of 28 g. w, and 
 100 men, of wnich capui 1 Bowman was coi.i lai ler; 
 and the African Galley, c n, maided ''y capta n Roicn- 
 thall. From thefe expctiM ■ cd navigators every thing 
 was hoped. They found the ftraits ot Migellan i'u- 
 pndhcable m.d entered the S vuhcrii (Xcan, after hav- 
 ing endureil a variety of di'Ikultics and hardfliips, by 
 the ftrait le Maire. Roggewein purfued nearly the fame 
 track as Schouten had pointed out, till, veering more to 
 the north, he fell in with the iflands at which commo- 
 dore Byron firft landed, and where fome of the wreck 
 of the African Galley, as we have mentioned in the hif- 
 tory of his voyage, was aeliially found. Purfuing their 
 courfe tothe weft ward,thcy difcovered a cluftcr of illands, 
 undoubtedly the lame now called the Friendly lllcs. to 
 
 which 
 
 
COOK'f THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAW. 4:c. 401 
 
 voyage by 
 
 which they gave the nunc of the Labyrinth, bccaure it 
 was with ciiihcuiry they could clear them. They con- 
 tinued their couife towards New Britain, and New 
 Guinea I and thence by the way of the Moluccas to 
 the liaft Indies I and thus ended, like all the former 
 voyages, one which was cxpe^ed at lead to have fulved 
 thcqucftion, but, in fiid determined nothing: yet they 
 who argued from the harmony obfervabic in the works 
 of nature, infiited that fomeihing Was wanting to give 
 one fide of the globe a refcmblance to the others wnile 
 thofc who reafoned from experience, pronounced the 
 whole fydcmthc cu<.ureoi° the fertile brain. 
 
 In I7j8 Lazier Bouvet was fent by the Ead India 
 Gompany,upondifcovery in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. 
 He railed from Port I'Oricnt on the 19th of July, on 
 board the Eagle, accompanied by the Mary, and on the 
 i(l of January following, it was thought he had difco* 
 vcred land in latitude C4 deg. lonth, longitude J 1 min. 
 call. But this havingbeendiligently fought for by cap- 
 tain Cook, without cncdl, there is good reafon to doubt 
 if any fuch exifts ; or, if it does, it is too remote from 
 any known tradl to be of ufe to trade or navigation. 
 In 1 743 commodore Anfon travrrfed the Great Paciiic 
 C/cean; but he made no difcoverics within the limit* of 
 our review. 
 
 We come now to that intereAing an, when the 
 fpirit of difcovery recovered new Hrcngth, under the 
 clurifhinR influence and munificent encourafrcmcnt of 
 his pr.^fcnt Majcfly, Goorge III. who having put a pe- 
 f iod to the dcftrutlivc opiraiion- of v»ar, he turned 
 his attention to enterprizes more adapted to the feafinn 
 of returning peace. His Majefty formed the grand de- 
 iign of exploring the Southern Hcmifpherei and m the 
 profecution of an objed fo well adapted to the views 
 of a great commercial people, one voyage followed ano* 
 ther in dofc fucccfllon. 
 
 In 1 764, Captain, now admiral Byron, having under 
 his command the Dolphin and Tamar, pafTcd through 
 theHraiu of Magellan, into the Pacific Ocean; where 
 hedifc(Mrered feveral iflands, and returned to England 
 in May, 1 766. In the month of Auguft following, the 
 Dolphin was again fent out under the command of cap- 
 tain Wallls, with the SwalloW (loop, commanded by 
 captain Carteret. I'hcy procecdea together till they 
 came to the weft end of the Araits of Niagellan, and in 
 fight of the Great South Sea, where they were feparated. 
 Captain Wallis directed his courfe more wefterly than 
 any navigator had done before in fo high a latitude ; dif- 
 covered not lefs than fourteen new iflands; and returned 
 to England wirh 'he Dolphin, in May 1 768. His com- 
 panion captain Carteret k'j> a dinerent route, made 
 other dii*coveries, annong which was the ftrait between 
 New Ri-itain and N^ '■ Ireland- ^^c returned with the 
 .l vallow to Kngland, after 'iivir^ encountered innumc- 
 « Aiilc diflicnitios, in March i ji,^. In the fame year and 
 ntonth, commodore Bougainvdle, ha 1 ig circumnavi- 
 gated the globe, arrived in France. 
 
 In ■ 760, the Spaniards f r . out a (hip to trace thedif- 
 coveries of the Englilh and French commanders, which 
 arrived at Otaheite in 1771. This (hip touched at 
 Eafter Ifland, but whether fh n umed to New or Old 
 Spain remains undecided. In the fame y^j. 1769, the 
 French alfo fitted out another (hip from the Mauritius, 
 under the command of capuin Kergulen. who. having 
 difcovered a few barren iPinds, contented himfelf with 
 leaving fome memorial, chat were fot d by Captain 
 <^k. To this diftinguiO'-d navigator was relervrd 
 the honour of Ix-i^j the tini, wh from a fcries of the 
 moftfittisfadorv ob/erva'ions. beg jming at the well en- 
 trance of the (trait of Magellan, and carried on with 
 unwearied pcrfcvcrant-: round Terra del Fuego, through 
 theftraitor Lc M^irc .las conftrudbed a chart of ttt 
 fouthen ?xtrcinity of America, from which it will np- 
 pear, *h ladviitages will now be enjoyed by t'lofc 
 who thail hereafter fail round Cape Horn. Oiprain 
 Cook failed from Plymouth, in Auguft 1 768, and rc- 
 tu. 'u •! home by the Cape of Good Hope in July 1 771 . 
 Th,i experienced circumnavigator performed his fe- 
 cond voyage in the Refolution and Adventure. TheTc 
 H.. .^9. 
 
 two (hips failed from England in July 1773, and re. 
 turned on the 30th of the fame month, in 1775. The 
 general objedt of this and the preceding voyauc round 
 the world, undertaken by the command of his Majefly, 
 was to fearch for unknown tradls of land that might 
 exift within the bofoni of the immenfe cxiunfe of ocean 
 that occupies the whole ibuthernhemifphcrei and, par> 
 ticularly. to determine to a certainty, the exillencc or 
 non-cxiftcncc of a Southern Continent: and thefe voy. 
 ages have facilitated the acccfs of lliips into the Pacific 
 CX'can, and alfo greatly enlarged our knowledge of in 
 contents. Our late navigators, befidcs pcrfcdling many 
 of the difeovcries of their predcccffors, have added to 
 them a long catalogue of their own. The feveral lands, 
 of which any account had been given by the Spaniards 
 or Dutch, have been carefully looked for, and moll of 
 them (&und, vifited, and accurately furvcyed. The 
 boafted Tierra Aullralia del Efpiritu Santo of CJuiros, 
 as being a part of a fouthcrn continent, could notiland 
 capta.^i Cook's examination, who fulled tounJ it, and 
 afltgned its true pofition, ami moderate bounds, in the 
 Archipelago of the New Hebrides. Bougainville did 
 no more than difcover, that the land here was not ron- 
 nededj but captain Cook found it to be compofed of 
 iflands. and explored the whole group. Byron. Wullis, 
 and Carteret, had each of them contributed towards in- 
 crca(ing our knowleilge of the amazing profulion of 
 iflmds that exift in the Pacific Ocean, within the li. 
 mitsof (he fouthern tropic : but how fur that ocean 
 reached to the weft, what lands bounded it onthatflde, 
 and the connection of thofe lands with the Uifcoveries 
 of former navigators, nniaincd abfolutcly unknown, 
 till captain C'xik decide 1 the qucftbn, and brought 
 home fuch ample accounts of them and their inhabit- 
 ants, ns have left little more to be done in that part of 
 the globe. It wasa favourite conjedlural opinion among 
 geographers, that New Zealand was a part of a fouthern 
 continent ; but captain Cook's voyage in the i£ndravour 
 has proved it to be a mere fup|x)lition; for he fpent near 
 fix months upon its coafts. circumnavigatea it com- 
 pletely, and afcertained its extent and divifions into 
 two iflands. Whether New Holland did or did not 
 join to New Guinea was another queftion, which cap- 
 tain Cook decided, by failing between them through 
 Endeavour ftrait. I le, therefore, in this part of hia 
 voyage, has eftablilhed a fad of eflcntial fervicc to na« 
 vigation, by opening, if not a new, at leaft an unfre- 
 quented and forgotten communication between tlic 
 Southern Pacific and Indian oceans. I'o captain Car.* 
 teret we are indebted for a new difcovery, in the ftrideft 
 fenfe of the word. St. George's channel, through 
 which Ills fliip found a way, between New Britain aiid 
 New Ireland, ii a much better and (hortcr pa(l;i<Tc, 
 whether c.ift ward or wcftward, than round all the iflands 
 and lands to the northward. Thus far, therefore, the 
 late voyages of our own countrymen, to dilclofe new 
 tracksofnavigation, and to reform old dcfcds in geo- 
 graphy, ap(icar to have been profecuted with a fatis- • 
 tadory degree of fuccefs. 
 
 Hut fomething was ftilt Wanting to complete the 
 great pLiTi ot' difcovery. The utmoft accelTible extre- 
 mities 01 the Southern Hemifphcre had been repeatedly 
 vifued and furveyedj yet great variety of opinion pre- 
 vailed concemingthe navigable boundaries of our ovvil 
 hemifphcre i particulariy, as to the cxiftence, or at Icaft 
 an to the practicability of a nonhern paflagc be- 
 tween the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, cither by (Iiil- 
 ing-raftward, round Ada, or wcftward, round North 
 'imerica; by which pafTagc, could it be found, i . 
 ages to the Eall Indies in general would be rtiucU 
 fhoitencd, and, confequently become more profitAl.::-, 
 than by making the tedious circuit of the Caj ■.; of (jc i 1 
 Hope. This favourite objedt of the Engli h as rady 
 .IS the fifteenth cntvry, ap|)eared Co certain 10 the C,i-> 
 bou, that the younger Sebaftian made the or,|pnal at 
 tempt to difcover a N. W. pafVage in i.}.ci '^ which 
 ended in the difcovery of New foumiland, anti the Lii- 
 bradore coaft. He returned by the way of Ncvfbun i" 
 land, bnncing home with him two Lfquimcaux. (n 
 
 s 1 ^^i^ 
 
 I li \ 
 
 n 
 
403 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 Bi ' 
 
 J! 
 
 I 
 
 1 576 Sir Martin Forbi(her undertook • fecond expedi- 
 tion, and found a ftrait on the fouthemwft point of 
 Greenland, but, after reoeated triali, he relinquiflwd his 
 hope of feeing the objea he held in contemplation and 
 had been puifuing. Sir Humphry Gilbert was morti- 
 fied with the fame difappointment. He coaded along 
 the American continent from the 60th degree of nor- 
 thern latitude, till he fell in with the Gulph of St. Law- 
 rence; took polTeHion, in hit Sovereign's name, of that 
 land, fince called by the French Canada; and wu the 
 firft who proiedled and promoted the eftablilhment of 
 the fifhery m Newfoundland. Captain John Davis 
 made three trials for a pafliwe N. W. each of which 
 
 C roved unfortunate ana unfuccefiful. In his progrcfs 
 e paflcd the ftrait that ftill bnrs his name, anaad- 
 vanced as hish as the latitude of 66 deg. Mr. Henry 
 Hudfon, in the vear 1610, projedled a new courfc to- 
 wards the N. w. which brought him to the mouth of 
 the bay that now bears his name. But the adventure 
 ended, by the mutiny of his crew, in the tragical death 
 of the Captain, and feven of his fick followers. The 
 vear following Sir Henry Button undertook the u(k, 
 but with no &tter fucccfs than his predeccflbr. He 
 was followed by James Hall and William Baffin. Hall 
 in this fruitlcfs expedition fell by the hands of a favagei 
 and Baffin who renewed the purfuit in 1615, examined 
 a fea that communicates with Davis's (Irait, which he 
 found to be no other than a great bay, and called it 
 after his own name; an inlet to the north, in latitude 
 78 deg. he called Smith's found. In 1631 Luke Fox 
 made a voyage in fcarch of the fame fuppofed pafTage, 
 but to as little purpofe as the reft. He was followed 
 by Captain James, who, after the motl elaborate fearch, 
 changed his opinion, and declared that no fuch paflage 
 exilled. Thus our countrymen and the Dutch have 
 been equally unfuccefsfiil m various attempts to find 
 this pafTage m an eadem direiflion. Wood's failure in 
 1676 feemed to haveclofed the long lift of unfortunate 
 northern expeditions in that century ; and the difco- 
 very, if not ablblutely defpaired of, by having been miflcd 
 lb often, ceafed, for near another century, to be fought 
 after: but Mr. Dobbs once more recalled the attention 
 of this country to the probability of a N. W. pafTage 
 through Hudlon's Bav ; in confequence of which cap- 
 tain Middleton was lent out by government in 1741, 
 and captains Smith and Moore, by a private fociety, in 
 1 746, each encouraged by an a<fl of parliament paflTed 
 in the preceding year, that annexed a reward of twenty 
 thoufand pounds to the difcoveiy of a pafTage: how- 
 ever, they all returned from Hudlon's Bay with reportt 
 of their proceedings, that left the attainment of tlie 
 great objc<^t in view, at as great a diftance as ever. 
 
 But it was not yet certain, that fuch a palTagc might 
 not be found on the weftcm fide of America ; and rc- 
 fcarches of this kind were no longer left to the folici- 
 tation, or to the fubfcriptions, of private adventurers; 
 they engaged royal attention, and, in the prefent reign, 
 were warmlv promoted by the minifter at the heacl of 
 the iinval department: and hence it was, that while 
 captain Cook was profecuting his voyage towards the 
 South Pole, in 1773, Lord Mulgrave failed with two 
 (hips, to determine how far navigation was practicable 
 towards the North Pole. And that nothing might be 
 left unattempted, though much had been already done, 
 captain Cook, whofe profcffional knowledge could only 
 be equalled by the perfevering diligence with which he 
 had employed it in the courfc of his former refearches, 
 was called upon once more to refume, or rather to com- 
 plete his furvey of the globe. This brave and expe- 
 rienced commander might have fpent the remainder of 
 his days in the command to which he had been ap- 
 pointed in Greenwich hofpiul; bur he chearlully re- 
 linquithcd this honourable fbtion, and, in 1 766, under- 
 took for the fervice of his country another voyage, 
 which, inonesefpe^. was lefs fortunate than any for. 
 mer expeditions, oeing performed at theexpenceof the 
 precious anJ mod valuable lifit of its conductor. For- 
 mer circumnavigators had returned to Europe by the 
 Cape of f 'J Hope ; the arduous talk was now af- 
 
 figned to captain Cook of attempting it by reaching 
 the high northern latitudes between Afla and America. 
 He wu ordered to proceed to Ouhcite, or the Society 
 iflands, and then having crolTcd the equator into the 
 Northern Tropic, to hold fuch a courfe as might befl 
 probably give fuccefs to the attempt of finding out « 
 northern pafTage: but that our readers may be enabled 
 to judge with precifion of the great outlines of the 
 prefent important voyage; of the various objedir. it has 
 in view, and how fiir they have been carried into exe- 
 cution, we fhall here infert a true copy of the Inflruc- 
 tions to captain Cook, from the Commillioners for exe- 
 cuting the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Bri- 
 uin,Iireland,&c.and which in fubflance were as follow. 
 " Whereas the eari of Sandwich has lignified to us 
 his Majefty'spleafure, that an attempt ihould be made 
 to find out a northern pafTase by fea from the Pacific to 
 the Atlantic Ocean; and whereas we have in purfuance 
 thereof, caufed his Majedy's Hoops Refolution and 
 Difcovery to be fitted, in all rcfpe<fts, proper to proceed 
 upon a voyage for the purpolc above mentioned, and, 
 from the experience we have had of your abilities and 
 good conduct in your late voyages, have thought fit to 
 intruft you with the conduct of the prefent intended 
 voyage, and with that view appointed you to com- 
 mand the lirft mentioned (loop, and directed captain 
 Gerke, who commands the other, to follow your or- 
 ders for his further proceedings : you are hereby le. 
 auired and direded to proceed with thefaid two (loops 
 'm&\y to the Cape of Good Hope, unlefs you (hall 
 judse It neceflary to flop at Madeira, the Cape de Verd, 
 orGinary Iflands, to uke in wine for the ufe of their 
 conipanies; in which cafe you arc at liberty fo to do, 
 taking care to remain there no longer than may be ne- 
 cefTary for that purpofe: and on your arrival at the 
 Cape of Good Hope, you are to refredi the floops com- 
 panies with as much provifions and water as can be con- 
 veniently (lowed. 
 
 " If poffible. you are to leave the Cape of Good Hope 
 by the end of Odtober.or beginning of November next, 
 and proceed to the fouthward in fearch of fome illanda 
 faid to have been lately feen by the French, in the lati- 
 tude 48 deg. fouth, and under, or near tlie meridian of 
 Mauritius. In cafe you find thofe iflands, you are to 
 examine them thoroughly for a good harbour ; and upon 
 difcovering one, make the neceflary obfervations to fa- 
 cilitate the finding it again ; u a good port, in that fitu- 
 ation,may hereafter prove very ufeful, although it fliould 
 afford little or nothing more than (belter, wood, and 
 water. You are not, however, to fpend too much 
 time in looking out for thofe iflands, or in the exami- 
 nation of them, if found, but to proceed toOuheite,ar 
 the Society ifles, (couching at New Zealand in your way 
 thither, if you fliould judge it necefTary and conve- 
 nient) and taking care to arrive there time enough to 
 admit of your giving the floops companies the reStfh- 
 ment they may (land in need of, before you prafecute 
 the farther objed of thefe inflrudlioni. Upon your 
 arrival at Ouheite, or the Society Ifles. you are to land 
 Omiah at fuch of them as he may chooTe, and to leave 
 him there. 
 
 " You are todiflributeamong the chiefsof thofe iflands 
 fuch part of the prefents with which you have been 
 fupplied, as yoa fliall judge proper, rcferving tlie re- 
 mainder to diflribute anu>ng the natives of the coun- 
 tries you may difcover in the Northern Hemifphere: 
 and having refre(hed the people belonging to the floops 
 under your command, and taken on board fuch wood 
 and water as they may refpediveiy (land in need of, you 
 arc to leave thofe iflands in the bsginning of February, 
 or fooner if you fliall judge it necefTary, and then pro. 
 ceed in as dire<5t a courfe as you can to the coad of New 
 Albion, endeavouring to fall in with it in the latitude of 
 4j deg. N. anJ ukiiw care in your way thither, not to 
 Iflife any time in fearch of new lands, or to flop at any 
 you may fall in with, unlefs you find it neccfEiry to re- 
 cruit your wood and water. 
 
 «' You arc alfo in your way thither, flridly enjoined 
 not to touch upon any part of^the Spanifh dominions on 
 
 Jhe 
 
 i 
 
COOIt'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, flee. 403 
 
 the weftcrn continent of America, unlcft driven thither 
 by fontc unavoidable accidcnti in which rafe yo<. are 
 to ftay no longer there than (hall be abfolutcly Hcccf- 
 lary, and to be very careful noi to give umbrage or of- 
 fence to any of the inhabitant* or lubjedi of hit catho- 
 lic Majefty. And if, in your farther progrcfi to the 
 northward, ai hereafter directed, you find any fubjc^i 
 of any European prince or ftate upon any part of the 
 coadyou may think proper to vifit, you are not to dif- 
 turb them, or give them any juft caufe of offence, but, 
 on the contrary, to treat them with civility and friend, 
 ^ip. 
 
 " Upon your arrival on the coaft of New Albion, you 
 ate to put mto the firft convenient port to recruit your 
 wood and water, and procure rcfrelnmenu, and then to 
 proceed northward along the coaft, as far as the lati- 
 tude of 6( dcg. or farther, if you are not obftruded by 
 landi or icc t taking care not to lofc any time in ex- 
 ploring riven or inleu, or upon any other account, un- 
 til you get into the before-mentioned latitude of 65 
 deg. where we could wi(h you to arrive in the month of 
 June next. When you get that length, you are very 
 carefully to fearch tor, and to explore, fuch riven, or 
 inJeti, ai may appear to be of confiderable extent, and 
 
 Sinting towards Hudfon's. or Baffin's Bays, and if, 
 im your own obfervations, or from any information 
 you may receive from the natives (who, there is reafon 
 to believe are the fame race of people, und fpcak the 
 fame language, of which you are furniflied with a voca- 
 bulary, as the Efquimeaux) there (hall appear to be a 
 certainty, or even a probability of a water paflage into 
 the aforementioned bays, or either of them, you are, in 
 fuch cafe, to ufcyour utmoA endeavours to pafs through 
 with one or both of the (loops, unlefs you (hall be of 
 opinion that the palTage may be cfTrdled with more cer- 
 uinty, or with greater probability by fmaller veffrls 1 
 in which cafe vou are to fet up the frames of one or 
 both the fmafl vsfTels with which you are provided, 
 and, when they are put together, and are properly fitted, 
 ftored, and vidualled, you are todifpatch one or both of 
 them, under the care of proper oflicen, with a fufficicnt 
 number of pettv ofBcen, men, and boats, in order to 
 attempt the faid palTaget with fuch inftrudVions for re- 
 joining you, if they (hould fail, or for their farther pro- 
 ceedings, if they (hould fucceed in the attempt, as you 
 iball Judge mofl proper. But, neverthelcfs, ifyou (iiall 
 find it more eligible to purfuc any other meafurcs than 
 thofe atxjvc pointed out, in order to make a difcovery 
 of the before-mentioned pslTage (if any futh there be) 
 you are at liberty : and we leave it to your difcrction, to 
 purfue fuch meafures accordingly. 
 
 " But, (hould you be fatisfic J, that there is nopa(rage 
 through the bays, fuflicicnt for the purpofcsof naviga- 
 tion, you are, at the proper feafon of the year, to repair 
 to the port of St. Peter and St. Paul in Kamtfchatka, 
 or wherever elfe you (hall judge more proper, in order 
 to refrefh yoDr people and pafs the winter; and in the 
 fpring of theeiuuingyear, 177 8, to proceed from thence 
 to the northward, as far as, in your prudence, you may 
 think proper, in further fearch of a narth-ea(l,or north- 
 weft palTage, from the Pacific Ocean into the Atlantic, 
 or North Sea: and if, from your own ubUrvation, or 
 sny information you may receive, there fliall appear to 
 be a probability of fuch a pafTage, you are to proceed 
 u above direded ; and having difcovcrcd fuch a paf- 
 fage, or failed in the attempt, make the bed of your 
 way back to England, by fuch route as you may think 
 bell for the improventent of geography and navigation 1 
 repairii^ to Spithead with bMh (loops, where they are 
 to remain till further orden. 
 
 " And at whatever places you may touch in the courfc 
 of your voyage, where accurate obfervations of the na- 
 ture hereafter mentioned have not already been made, 
 you are, as far as your time will allow, vciy carefully to 
 obferve the fituation of fuch jplaces, both in latitude and 
 longitude; the variation ot the needle; bearings of 
 head-lands ; height, diredion, and courfe of the tlde< 
 and cunenU; depths, and foundings of the fca ; (hoais, 
 rocks, &c. and alio to furvey,r make charts, and take 
 
 views of fuch bays, harbours, and different parts of the 
 coa(t, and to make fuch notations thereon, as may he 
 ufeful either to navigation or commerce. You are alfo 
 carefully to obferve the nature of the foil, and the pro* 
 dure thereof I the animals and fowls that inhabit or fre« 
 quent it; the fifhea that are to be found in the river* 
 or upon the coafts, and in what plenty; and, in cafe 
 there art any peculiar to fuch places, to defcribc them 
 minutely, and to make as accurate drawings of them as 
 
 i'oucan: and, if you find any metals, minerals, or va- 
 uable ftones, or inv extraneous folTils, you are to bring 
 home Ipecimeiu ot each ; as alfo nf the feeds of fuch 
 trees, (nrubs, plants, fruits and grains, peculiar to thoftf 
 places, as you may be able to colled, and to tranfmit 
 them to our fecretary, that proper experiments and ex- 
 amination may be made of them. You are likewife 
 to examine the genius, temper, difpofition, and number 
 of the natives and inhabitants, where you And any 1 
 and to endeavour, by all proper means, to cultivate a 
 friendlhip with them, making them prcfenu of fuch 
 trinkets as you may have on board, and they may like 
 bcft ; inviting them to traffic 1 and (hewing them every 
 kind of civility and rmrd; bbt taking care, neverthe. 
 lefs, not to fufier yourielf to be furprized by them, but 
 to be always on your guard againO anv accidents. 
 
 " You are alfo, with the confentof the natives, to take 
 po(re(rion, in the name of the King of Great Britain, of 
 convenient fituations infuch countries as you may difco* 
 ver,thathavealreadynotbeendifcoveredorvirited by any 
 other European power; and to diftribute among the in* 
 habitants (uch tnings as will remain as traces and tefti- 
 monies of your having been there; but if you find the 
 countries fo difcovercd arc uninhabited, you are to take 
 po(rc(non of them for his Majcfty, by fetting up proper 
 marks and infcriptions, as (irft difcovercrs and pollcf- 
 fon. 
 
 " But forafmuch as, in undertakings of this nature, 
 feveral emergencies may arife not to be forcfecn, and 
 therefore not particularly to be provided for by inftruc- 
 tions before- hand; you are, in (uch cafes, to proceed as 
 you (hall judge moft advantageous to the fcrvice on 
 which you arc employed : and you are, by all opportu-* 
 nities, to fend to our Secretary, for our information, ac« 
 counts of your proceedings, and copies of the furveys 
 and drawings you (hall have made; and upon your ar« 
 rival in England, you are immediately to repair to this 
 office, in order to lay before us a full account of your 
 proceedings in the whole courfe of your voyage; uicing 
 care before you leave the (loop, to demand from the 
 officers and petty officers, the log-books and journals 
 they may have kept, and to feal them up for our infpec- 
 tion; and enjoining them and the whole crew, not to 
 divulge where they have been, until they have permif- 
 fion fo to do: and you atv to diredl captain Gierke t'^ do 
 the fame, with refpedl to the officers, petty officers, and 
 crew of the Difcovery. 
 
 " Should any accident happen totheRefolution.in the 
 courfe of the voyage, fo as to difable her from proceed- 
 ing any farther, you are, in fuch cafe, to remove yourfelf 
 and her crew into the Difcovery, and to profecute youc 
 voyage in her; her commander being hereby ftridlly re- 
 auired to receive you on board, and to obey your or- 
 den, the fame, in cve^ refpeft, as when you were ac- 
 tually on board the Kefolution: and, in cafe of your 
 inability, by (Icknefsorotherwife, to carry thcfc infVnic- 
 lions into execution, you are to be careful to leave them 
 with the next officer in command, who is hereby re- 
 quired to execute them in the bcft manner he can. 
 
 " The above Inftrudions were given July the 6th, 
 1 776, under the hands of the Earl of Sandwich, I-ord 
 C. Spencer, Sir H. Pallifer; and, by command of their 
 Lordfhips. ftgncd Philip Stephens, Secreury of the 
 Admiralty." 
 
 In order to carry this noble and extenflvc plan into 
 execution, on February the 14th 1776, the Refolution 
 and DifCbvery, having been completely equipped in 
 the dock at Deptford, were put into commiflion. Cap- 
 tain Cook hoiftcd his pendant on board the former lluop t 
 and the commandof the Difcovery, of three hundred 
 
 tons 
 
 ■i" II 
 
 It 
 
f04 
 
 Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 t 
 
 ft ! 
 
 toni burthen, whiih haJ been purchafcil into the fer- 
 vicc, wat uiven to captain CIcrkc, who haJ been rap- 
 tain Cook i fccoml Lieutenant, on board the Refoiu- 
 tion, in hit fecotul voyage round the world. Both 
 fliipt were well fitted out, and fupplicd abundantly with 
 cviry article nicelFary for a long voyage; and on the 
 Kih iif June, while they lay in long rcacn, we had the 
 fatiitaL'tinn of a vifit irom the earl of i^ndwich, Sir 
 Mugh Pallifcr, and others of the board of Admiralty, 
 to examine whether c\cry thing had been compteiecl 
 purTuant to their orders, and to the convenience of 
 ihofe who were to eml>ark. They honoured captain 
 Cook with their company to dinner on th;it day; and 
 Ikcie falutcd, on their coming on board, and on their 
 going on fliorc. with fc venteen guns and three cheers. 
 To convey fume permanent benefit to the inhibitants 
 of Otalicite, andof theother illands which we might 
 happen to vifit, hi.s Majcfty ordered us a fupply of fome 
 ufelul animals, and we took on Ixiard a bull, two cows, 
 with the ircalvca, and fome fliccp; with hay and corn 
 for their lupport. We were alio turniflied with a fuffi- 
 cient (quantity of our valuable Kuropcan garden feeds, 
 which ntight add tVclli fupplies of food to the vegeta- 
 ble prcKluclions of our rcwiy difcovrred iflandt. We 
 had alfoancxtinfivcaflbrtmentof iron tooUund trinkctn, 
 to facilitate a friendly commerce and intcrcourfe with 
 the inhabitants of fuch new countries ar we might dif- 
 covci . With refpc(!l to our ov, n wants, nothing was re- 
 fufed us that mignt be conducive to health, comfort or 
 convenience. Thofe at the head of the naval depart- 
 ment were equally folicitoiis to render our voyage ol 
 public utility; to this end we received a variety of 
 aftiononiical and nautical inllniments. which the 
 Board of Longitude intruded to captain Cook and Mr. 
 King, his fecond Lieutenant; they having; engaged to 
 fupply the place of a prolelled obfervator. The Board, 
 likewife, put into their poflclTioB the timekeeper, 
 which captain Cook had carried out in his lad voyage, 
 and whicn had performed fo well. It was conftrudtcd 
 by Mr. Kendal, and was a copy of Mr. Harrifon's. 
 Anothvr time-piece, and the fame aJTortmcnt of aftro- 
 nomicai and other inflrumcnts. were put on board the 
 Difcovcry, for the ufeot Mr. William Bailey, who was 
 engaged as an obfervator on board that Hoop Though 
 feveral young men, among the fca oflicers, were capable 
 of bci.'.gcmployed in conftriicting chart?, drawing plans, 
 and taking views of the coads, and head-lands, never- 
 thclrfs, Mr. Webber was engaged to embark with cap- 
 tain Cook, for the purpofe of fupplying the defedls of 
 writtca accounts; by taking accurate and inanerly 
 drawings of the moft memorable fcenes of our tranf- 
 ak!lions. Mr. Andcrfon, tikewife, Sur|^eon to captain 
 CvA)k. added to his profeflional abilities a great pro- 
 ficiency in natural hiftory. He had already viiitecf the 
 South Sea illands in the lame fliip, and enabled the Cap- 
 tain to enrich his relation of his voyage with ufcful and 
 valuable remarks. The vocabularies of the Friendly 
 and .Sandwich iflands, and of the natives of Nootka 
 had been furnilhcd to our commander, by this his moll 
 ufeftil alFociate, Mr. Andcrfon: and a fourth, in which 
 the language of the Efquimaux is comparri with that of 
 the Americans on the oppofite lidc of the continent, 
 had been prepared by the Captain himfelf. The con- 
 fclTed abilitie!«, ai;d great aUiduity of Mr. .^.tiderfon, 
 in obfcrving every thing thai >'elated either to natural 
 hiftorv, or to manners and language, and the defire that 
 captain (. ook, on all occalions, fhcwed to have the 
 afliilance of that gentleman, (lamped a great value on 
 his colledions. 
 
 The Refolution had the fatne appointment of officers 
 and men which Hie had in her former voyage; and the 
 cnabliflintent of the Difcovery varied from that of the 
 Adventure, in the fmgle intlancc of her having no ma- 
 rine ofhcer on board. This arrangement wai to be 
 finally completed at Plymouth; and on the 9th of July 
 we receivecf the party of nurines allotted for our voyaf^e. 
 And the fupernumcrary feamen,<K:carioned by this rein- 
 forcement being turned over into the Ocean man of 
 war, our fcvcr^u complements of officers, and the re- 
 
 fprdlive crews of IwthOiips, remained as cxpreiTcd in 
 the two underwritten tins. 
 
 I. A LIST of the OFFICERS, SEAMF>I, ami 
 PRIVATES, on board the RESOLUTION. 
 
 I Captain - . 
 
 3 LllUTENANTl 
 
 I Mastxr - - 
 I Boatswain . 
 I Carpentik . 
 
 1 GUNNCR - - 
 I SuRtiKON - - . 
 
 3 Master's Mates - 
 6 Midshipmen - - 
 
 2 Surgeon's Mate* 
 a Captain's Clerks 
 I Master at Arms 
 I Corporal - - 
 1 Armourer - - 
 I Ditto Mati - . 
 I Sail Maker - . 
 I Ditto Mate . - 
 
 3 Boatswain's Matfs 
 
 3 Carpenter's Ditto 
 1 Gunner's Ditto - 
 
 4 Carpenter's Crew 
 1 CouK .... 
 1 Ditto Mate - . 
 6 Quarter Masters 
 
 45 Able Seamen. 
 
 MA 
 
 - James Cook, 
 
 - John Gore, Jamei King, and 
 John Williamfon. 
 
 - William Bligh. 
 
 - William Ewin. 
 
 - lames Clevely. 
 
 - Robert Anderfon. 
 
 - William Anderfon 
 • Roberu, &c. 
 
 - Hai|^ft,&c. 
 
 - Samwell and Davis. 
 
 - A lex. Hook and A lex. Dewer. 
 
 - WilliamCollet 
 
 - William Griffiths. 
 
 - William Hunt. 
 
 - William Price ! 
 
 - William Widdel. 
 . Willi.im Maceril, 
 
 - Quif . James, and Doyle. 
 
 - Barber and Macintofti. 
 
 - Brown and Ramfey. 
 
 - Carter, &c. 
 
 - Robert Morris. 
 
 - Richard Young. 
 . Weling. Ac. 
 
 RINES. 
 
 
 I Lieutenant 
 
 1 Serjtant - 
 
 2 Corporals 
 1 Drummer 
 
 ij Privates. 
 
 Total of the Ship's Company 1 13 men. 
 
 - - Molefworth Philipi. 
 
 - - Samuel Gibfon. 
 
 - - Lediard and Thonui. 
 
 - - Michael Portnun. 
 
 II. A LIST of the OFFICERS, SEAMEN, and 
 PRIVATES, on Board the DISCOVERY. 
 
 I Captain - - . - 
 3 Lieutenants- - - 
 I Master . . - - 
 I Boatswain • - • 
 I Carpentkk - - . 
 I Gunner - - . - 
 1 Suroron - - -. - 
 
 3 Master's Mates"- • 
 
 4 Midshipmen . - - 
 3 Surgeon's Matu 
 
 I Captain's Clbrk 
 
 I Master at Arms. 
 
 I Corporal 
 
 1 Armourer • • • 
 
 I Ditto Mate. 
 
 I SailMa;:er. 
 
 I Ditto Mate. 
 
 3 Boatswain's Mates. 
 
 3 Carpenter's Ditto. 
 I Gunner's Ditto. 
 
 4 Carpenter's C'^tw, 
 I Cook. 
 
 4 Quarter Mastcm - 
 33 Able Seamen. 
 
 Charles Gerke. 
 
 James Bumey, John Ricknuii 
 
 Thoma* Edgar. 
 
 Eneas Atkins. 
 
 Peter Reynolds. 
 
 William Peckover. 
 
 lolin Law. 
 
 Home and Hollingby, 
 
 Alex. Mouat. Sec. 
 
 Sraggs and Ellis. 
 
 Grcgoiy Banthonu 
 
 Dixon. 
 
 Cox, &c. 
 
 MARINES, 
 
 I Serjeant . - - - Letant. 
 I Corporal. 
 
 I Drummer - -, - - Holly well. 
 8 Privates, 
 
 Total of the Ship'a Company 80 men. 
 
 Tothefe we mayliere add Omiah, who, as we wete 
 to touch at the SocietV idands and Otaheitc, wu to 
 take his paflagc in the Kcfolution, to his native country. 
 
 Before 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCI' AN. ^c. 
 
 4«i 
 
 e were 
 wu to 
 ;ountry. 
 Before 
 
 Bcfi V (he Rcfolution and Adventure quittni the fnmll 
 but fertile iflandof Huaheine, rapuin l'\jmeaux, y^hn 
 had the command of th? latter, agreed (o receive on 
 board hit ihip a young man named Oinai, or Omiah, a 
 native of Ulictca, where he wai poflelFed of fome nro- 
 
 Erty, of which he had been deprived by the people of 
 labola. Capuin Cook wondered that ca|)tain l-ur- 
 ncaux would encumber himfelf with thii man, who in 
 hit opir 'on, waa not a proper fampleof the inhabitiint> 
 of thofc happy idandi, not having any advantage ol 
 birth, or acquired rank, nor being eminent in inape, 
 figure, or complexion i for their people of the hrit 
 rank arc much raircr, and, ufually, better behaved, ami 
 more inteIligeni,thanthemiddlingclaf«or|Koplr, among 
 whom Oiniah i« to be ranked. LaptainC ook, however, 
 lincc hit arrival in Enfjland, hai been convinced of hi* 
 crrori for,exccpting hit complexion (which it umioubt- 
 cdly of a deeper hue than that of the Eareet, or gentry, 
 who live, at m other councriei, a more luxurious life, 
 and are lefs cxpofcd to the heat of the fun) he doubicti 
 whether any other of the nativci would have given a 
 more seneral fatiiiktion by hit behaviour among them. 
 •' Omiah,he obferved, haa certainly a very good undcr- 
 ftanding, quick parti, and honctt principles ; he haa a 
 natural good behaviour, which renders nim acceptable 
 to the ocfl company, and a proper degree of pride, 
 which taught him to avoid tnc fociety of pcrlons of 
 inferior ramc. He hai paflloni of the fiimc kiiul as other 
 young men, but hai judgment chough not to indulge 
 them in any improper manner. I do not imagine thiit 
 he hai any diflike to liquor, and if he had fallen into 
 company where the perion who drank the moft, met 
 with the mo(\ approbation, I have no doubt, hut that he 
 vould have endeavoured to gain theapplaufe of thofc 
 withwhom kcalTociatedi bmt, fortunately for him, he 
 perceived that drinking wai very little in ufe but among 
 the inferior people, and as he was very watchful into 
 the manners and conduifl of the perfons of rank w ho 
 honoured him with their protetiUon, he was fobcr and 
 modelt I and I never heara that, during the whole time 
 of his (lay in England, which was two years, he ever 
 once was difguiled with wine, or ever lliewed an in- 
 clination to ^o beyond the (Iridtefl rules of moderation. 
 Soon afler his arrival in Lxindon, the Earl of Sandwich, 
 the fird Lord of the Admiralty, introduced him to his 
 Majedy at Kew, when he met with a mol> gracious re- 
 ception, and imbibed the (Irongell imprclTion of duty 
 and gratitude, which I am pcrfiiadcdhe will prefervc to 
 thelateft moment of his lilc. During his ftay in Eng- 
 land he was carclTcd by many of the principal nobility, 
 and did nothing to forfeit the cltccm of any one of 
 them I but his principal patrons were the carl of Sand- 
 wich, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander: the lird probably 
 thought it a duty of his olFce to protect and counte- 
 nance an inhabitant of that hofpitabic country, where 
 the wants and diftrelfes of thofe in his department had 
 been alleviated and fupplied in the moll ample manner ; 
 the othcn, as a teftiinony of their gratitude lor the ge- 
 nerous reception they had met with during their reli- 
 dencc in his country. But though Omiah lived in the 
 midd of amufements during his rcfidcncc in England, 
 his return to his native country was always in his 
 thoughts ; and though he was not impatient to go, now 
 the time of his return approached, he was agitated by 
 different pallions in turns, and left London with a mix- 
 ture of regret and fatisfaiilion." In our voyage, when 
 we talked about England, and about thofe, who, during 
 his (lay had honoured him with their protcdlion and 
 friendlbip, his fpirits were fenftbly alfedcd, and it was 
 with difficulty he could refrain from tears. But, the 
 inflant the converfation turned to his own idands, his 
 eyes began to fparkle with joy. He was deeply im> 
 prcfTod with a fcnfe of the good treatment he had met 
 w ith in England, and entertained the highcd ideas of 
 the country and of the people. But the pleafing proi- 
 pedl he now had of returning home, loatkd with what 
 he well knew would be eflecmcd invaluable treafurcs 
 there, and the flattering hope which the polTcnion of 
 thefe gave him, ot attaining to -a diflin^idied fupe- 
 riority among his countr}'men, weKConfideraiions that 
 No. 49. 
 
 o|)erated by degrees, to (iipprtni every uneafy fcnfarioni 
 and he feemed to Ik quiu (inppy when he got on board 
 the (hip. B^ his Majollv, he wu fupplied with an 
 ample provition of every 4rtii le whi< h, during mir in- 
 tercourfe with hi* country, we hid oblerved to be in 
 any cllimatinn there, cither as ufel'iil or nrnamrntal. 
 He had, belides, received nuny prelemi of the fame 
 nature from l>ord .Sandwich, Mr. lUnk* (now .Sir 
 Jol'eph) and feveral other gentlemen ind ladies of hia 
 acquaintance. In (Iiort, every method had Ixen em- 
 ployed, both during his abtxle in Kngland, and at hii 
 departure, to make him the inllrument of conveying 
 to the inhabitant* of the Society Illands, and others in 
 the I'at ilic Ocean, the moll exalted opinion of Britilh 
 greainefs and generolity. 
 
 Every preparation heinp now cnmpleated. Captain 
 Cook received an order to proceed to Plymouth, and to 
 take the Difcovery under his command ; In ronfcqiiencc 
 of which, having' taken in ourgunsat the (ialleons, on 
 the 15th of June 1766, both Ihips came to an anchor 
 at the Nore i but our freih nrovitions being nearly ex- 
 haulled, the Difcovery weighed next day, in obedience 
 to Captain Cook's order, but the Kefolution remained 
 at the Nore waiting for herCxjinmander, who was then 
 in London. On the a4th, every thing being ready for 
 our departure. Captain Cook fet out with Omiah frmn 
 Ixwdon, at (ix o'clock in the morning! by eleven they 
 reached ("hatham, and alter dining with Commiffioner 
 Prob) , he very obligingly ordered his yacht to convey 
 them to Shictneni, w here the ("aptain's boat was wait- 
 ing tot.ikc them on board. On the Jfth, we made fail 
 (or the Downs; and came to an an? hor there on Wed- 
 ncfday the 26th. Having received our boats on the 
 day following, we got again under fail ; and on Sunday 
 the ;{Oih, at tluce o'clock, F. M. we anchored in Ply- 
 mouth-found, where the Difcovery had arrived only 
 three days Inforc. We falutcd Admiral Amherir, 
 w hofc Hag was fl> ing on board the Ocean, and he re« 
 turned the compliment. On the id and id of July 
 we were employed in replacing the water and provi- 
 (ions wc had expended, and in receiving on board a 
 fupply of Port wine. On Saturday the 6th, his majclly'i 
 fliips Diamond, Anabuftadc, :ind Unicorn, with a fleet 
 of tranfports, confining of 62 fail, bound to America, 
 with the lad divilion ot the Hcflian troops, and fom« 
 horfe, were forced into the found. On the 8th, Captain 
 Cook received his inftruclions, and on the loth the 
 proper |>crfuns «:amc on lioard and paid the officers 
 and crew up to the 30th of lad month. The petty 
 olliccrs and feainen received alfo two months wages in 
 advance. Such indulgence to the latter is cudomary, 
 but the payment of what was due to the fupcrior 
 officers, was in conlidcrationof our peculiar (ituation, 
 to enable us to defray the cxpence of t'urnilhing our- 
 felvcs with neccfTaries for a voyage of fuch uncom- 
 mon duration.. 
 
 As to Omiah, he appeared to be quite happy on 
 board, nor would he go on Ihorc, though numbers of 
 people were Irequcntly waiting there with the cxpcdU- 
 tion of feeing him. To the account already given of 
 this child of curiolity, we (ball add fomo traits of his 
 character as delineated by Mr. I'oider, wherein his 
 good qualities arc fo blended with childifhncfs and 
 folly, that one can hardly think it applicable to the 
 fame pcrlon. " Omai," fays Mr. Fordcr, " has been 
 conlidcred either as ren^arkably dupid or very intelli- 
 gent, according to the diftcrcnt allowances which were 
 made by thijfc who judged of his abilities. His lan- 
 guage whidi is deft itutc of every harfli confonant, and 
 where every word ends w ith a vowel, had fo little ex- 
 crcifed his organs of fpccch, that they were wholly un- 
 fit to pronounce the more complicated Engliih founds; 
 and this phylical, or rather habitual dcfed, has been 
 too often mifconftrued. Upon his arrival in England, 
 he was immediately introduced into general company, 
 led to the mod fplcndid entertainments, and pre(entcd 
 at court amidd a brilliant circle of the (ird nobility. 
 Hp naturally imitated that eafy and elegant politcnefa 
 which is fo prevalent in all thole places : he adopted the 
 manners, the occupations, and amufements of hisconw- 
 5 1^ panmu. 
 
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 If 
 
 i '■■' 
 
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 O -V^.S^. 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 
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 u& 1^ 12.2 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporalion 
 
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 ;\ 
 
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 '4s 
 
 ^ *<».'^o^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SM 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
 
 

 
■iHj iiTciy lanvjr. miiuiig inc miiantci oi nis iiiiciii- 
 gence, I need only mention his knowledKC of the game 
 of chefs, in which he has made an amazmg proficiency. 
 The multiplicity of objcdls that crowdra upon hint, 
 prevented his paying due attention to thofe particulars, 
 which would have been beneficial to himleif and his 
 countrymen at his return. He was not able to form a 
 general comprehcnfivc view of our whole civilized 
 fydem, and to abftrad from thence what appeared moil 
 ftrikingly ufcful, and applicable to the improvement 
 of his country. His fenies were charmed dv beauty, 
 ^mmetry, harmony, and magnificence; theycalledaloud 
 for gratification, and he was accuftomed to obey their 
 voice. The continued round of enjoyments left him 
 no time to think of his future lifet and being defiitute 
 of the genius of a Tupia, whofe fuperior abilities 
 would have enabled him to form a plan for his own 
 condutfl, his underdanding remained unimproved. 
 After having foent two years in England, his judgment 
 was in its infant ftate; and, therefore, when he was 
 
 )>reparing to return, he coveted almoft every thing he 
 iiw, and particularly that which amufed him by (ome 
 uncxpeded cffed. To gratify his puerile fancy, as it 
 Ihould feem, rather than from any other motives, he 
 was indulged with a poruble organ, an elediricai ma- 
 chine, a coat of mail, and a fuit of armour." Such is 
 
 tions, to roam he did not know where, nor for what, 
 having no idea of improving the arts, manufadurcs, nr 
 commerce of his country, or introducing one ultrful 
 fcicncc among them. He carried with him, befides 
 the articles auwve enumerated, a proilifion of almoft 
 every thing that can be named, axes, faws, chiflels, and 
 carpenters tools of every kind; all forts of Birmingham 
 and Sheffield wares; guns, pifiols, cutlaflTcs, powder, 
 and ammunition; needles, pins, fi(h-hooks, and varioua 
 implements for fporti nets of all forts; with hand- 
 engines, and a lathe for turning. He had likewife 
 deaths of different colours and different fabricks, laced 
 and plain ; fome made in the ftyle of his own country, 
 and feveral after our manner. Some of thcfe laft he 
 bartered with the petty officers (after he had pafll-d 
 New Zealand) for red feathers. He was likewife fup- 
 plied plentifully with glafs and china-wares, with beads 
 and toys, fome of great value ; medals of various 
 metals ; and a watch was prcfeiitcd to him by a perfaii 
 of diffinelion: in fliort, nothino; was withheld from him 
 that he required either for trade in his own country ,'or 
 for curiofity. How he behaved on board, and in what 
 manner he was received on hi> return home, will be 
 feen in the fequel of the hiftory.of our voyage, to which 
 we now proceed. ' hi tr. 
 
 C H A P. I. 
 
 Departure of the Re/olulm from Plymouth Stund—Her pafagc to Teneriffir, and rttepiionjhe met with there— the road 
 of Santa Cruz described— Geograpbicid account of the ijknd, and bifiory of the cities of Santa Cruz and Lagana-^ 
 Air. climate, agriculture, produce, commerce, and inhabitants drfcribed--Her departure from Teneriffe for the 
 Cape of Good Hope— —The Difcovery fotlmvs, and joins company fome time after her arrival there — The Refolu- 
 tion in danger near the funken rocks of Bonavijia— Arrives at the Cape of Good Hope— 'Tranfaff ions there 
 —An account of Mr. Andetfon's journey up the country — Both fhips leave the Cape, and proceed on their voyage t» 
 the foutbward. 
 
 k n .x-A T^ ^^^ morning of the nth of July, 
 A. u. 1770. ^ CaptainCook delivered into the hands 
 of Mr. Bumey, firff lieutenant of the Difcovery, Cap- 
 tain Clerk's failing orders ; a copy of which he alfo left 
 with the commanding officer of his majeffy's ffiips at 
 Plymouth, to be delivered to the Captain on his arrival. 
 In the afternoon we weighed with the ebb, and got 
 out beyond all the fliipping in the found. On Friday 
 the 1 2th, the impatience of the fhip's company, and 
 the notion rhey had enreruined of its being a lucky- 
 day, as it was the (ame the Rcfolution had fet fail on in 
 her former voyage, induced Captain Cook to comply 
 with their importunities. Accordingly, at eight o'clock, 
 P. M. we ftood out of the found, with Omiah on board, 
 having a gentle breeze at N. W. by W. Captain 
 Clerk was ordered to follow us with the Difcovery, to 
 St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd Iflands, and if he 
 ihould there mils of us to purfue his courfe diredUy for 
 the Cape of Good Hope. Soon after we came out of 
 the found, the wind came more wefterly, and blew frefli, 
 which obliged us to ply down the channel ; and we 
 were not off' the Lizard till Sunday the 14th, in the 
 evening. On Tuefday the i6th, we obfcrved in lati- 
 tude 49 deg. 53 min. 30 fee. N. St. Agnes's Light- 
 houfe bearing at this time N. W. by W. diftant about 
 eight miles, and, by our reckoning, fituated in 4a deg. 
 57 min. 30 fee. N. and in 6 deg. ao min. W. longi- 
 tude. Cnir readers will be pleafcd here to obferve, 
 that, in this voyage, we reckon our longitude from the 
 meridian of Greenwich, and after paHiiu; to the eaft 
 in the South Atlantic, it is carried on eairerly beyond 
 the Great Meridian, or 1 80th degree, to the utmoit ex- 
 tent of the voyage, and back again to the fame meri- 
 dian. On the 1 7th our commander benn his judici- 
 ous operations JTor prcferving the health of hit Cfcw; 
 for this day the fpare fails were well aired, and the (hip 
 was fmoked between decks with gunpowder. («i 
 Thuifday the 18th, we were abreaft of Ulhant, and, by 
 
 the watch, found the longitude of the ifland to be 
 5 deg. 18 min. 37 fee. W.' On the 19th, we ftood 
 weftward till eight o'clock, A. M. when the wind 
 fhifted ; upon uiiich we tacked and ftrctchcd tgjbc 
 fouthward. Soon after we came in fieht of nine fail 
 of large (hips, which we fuppofcd to be French men 
 of war. On Monday the 22nd, we obfcrved in lati- 
 tude 44 deg. 6 min. N. longitude 8 deg. 23 min. W. 
 when Cipe Ortegal, then in view, bore S. E. half S. 
 diftant four leagues. We had calm weather till the 
 afternoon of the 24th, when we palTed Cape Finlfterre, 
 with a fine gale at N. N. E. By the watch, and the 
 mean of 41 lunar obfervations, we found the longitude 
 of this cape to be 9 deg. 19 min. 12 fee. On Tuefday 
 the 30th, finding we wanted a fupply of hay and corn, 
 for the fubfiflcnce of our live ftock o(^animalson board, 
 Capuin Cook determined to touch at Teneriffe, in 
 order to procure thpfe neceffaries, as well as the ufual 
 refreftimentt forourfi^lves. On the 31ft, at four o'clock 
 P. M. we (kw Teneriffe, made for the eaftcm part of it, 
 and during the night ftood off and on. 
 
 Thurfday the ift of Auguft, early in the morning, 
 we proceeded round the eaft point of the iffand, to the 
 S. E. fide, and, about eight o'clock, anchored in the 
 road of Santa Cruz, in 21 fathoms water. We moored 
 N. E. and S. W. near naif a mile from the ftiore; in 
 which pofition Punta de Nago bore N. 64 deg. E. The 
 church of St. Francis, which has a remarkable high 
 fteeple, W. S. W. the Pic, S. 6j deg. W. and the 
 S. W. point rf the road, on which (lands a cafllc, 
 S. 39 deg. W. In this road were riding one French 
 frigAte, two French brigantines, an Engiifh one, and 
 14 fail of the Spanifli nation. We had no fooner an- 
 chored than we received a vifit from the mafter of the 
 port, who only a(ked the (hip's name: and upon his 
 retiring, CipuinCook fent an officer afliore, to requcft 
 his permiflion, that we might take in water, and pur- 
 chat^ other necefliiry articles. This he politely grant- 
 ed. 
 
bclidcs 
 
 niciii iiie LvpiHiii uii ■■■■ i»iii»«i t wii", I" iiiv ■■»• iiuuii, 
 waited upon the governor in perfon, accompanied by 
 fome of hit officenj and, before he returned, befpoke 
 fome com and ftraw, ordered a quantity of wine, and 
 niaJe an agreement for a fupply of water, with a 
 Spanifh'boat. 
 
 The principal road of Teneriffe is this of Santa 
 CniZ, on account of iu capacity, and the goodncfs of 
 in bottoms It lies beforethe town of the fame name. 
 Great care i* obferved in mooring (hips, as the road 
 lies entirely open to the S. E. and S. winds. We ob> 
 fcrved, that all thofe veflels which lay here at this 
 time, had four anchors out, and their cables were 
 buoyed up with caflcs. By not attending to this laft 
 particular, we found ours had fufiered a little. The 
 water to fupply the (hipping, and for the ufe of the 
 inhabitants of Santa Cruz is derived from a rivu'.et that 
 runs from the hills, which is conveyed into the town 
 in wooden troughs. As thefe troughs were at this 
 time repairing, fre(h water was extremely fcarce. For 
 the convenience of loading and landing goods, at the 
 S. W. part of the road, a (tone pier is run out from the 
 town into the fca. It might be naturally concluded, 
 from the appearance of the country about Santa Cruz, 
 that Tenerine is a barren fpot : but the following ac- 
 count of this ifland will prove the contrary : and fqr 
 the entertainment of the curious part of our readers, 
 we (hall prefent them with a relation of a journey up 
 the Pike of Teneritfe, including a brief account of the 
 weather and produce of the ifland. 
 
 The iiland of Teneriffe was antiently called Nivaria, 
 from the fnow that inclofes the neck of the Pike of 
 Teyda, like acolbu-| the name of Tenerifte, or the 
 White Mountain, being given it by the natives of 
 Palma, in whofe language Tencr (ignifies fnow, and 
 i(fe, white ; the fummit of the Pike of Teneriffe being 
 always covered with fnow. Point Nago, or Anaga, 
 which is the N. E. point of Teneriffe, bears N. W. 
 about 1 6 leagues diftant from the N. W. part of 
 Canaria ; but from that part of Canaria to the neareft 
 
 irt of Teneriffe, the diffance docs not exceed 12 
 
 leagues. 
 
 This ifland is nearly triangular, the three (ides being 
 almoin equal, and each about 36 miles long. In the 
 center is the famous Pike of Teneriffe, faid to be the 
 higheff mountain in the univerfe, and ftrikcs the fpec- 
 utors with amazement, both near and at a diffance. 
 This great mountain extends its bafe to Garrachino, 
 from whence it is two days and a half's journey to the 
 top I but we (hall fpeak more particularly of this in the 
 fequel. In coming in with Teneriffe, in clear weather, 
 the Pike may be eafily difcemcd at 120 miles, or 40 
 leagues diffance; and in failing from it, at the diffance 
 of 1 50 miles, or 50 leagues, when it rcfemblcs a thin 
 blue vapour, or fmoke, very little darker than the (ky. 
 Before we lofe fight of this towering mountain, it feems 
 a confiderable height above the firmament, though from 
 its diliance, and ue fpherical figure of the earth, the 
 red of the ifland is funk beneath the horizon, notwith- 
 ftanding its being exceedingly high. There are feverat 
 Mgh perpendicular rocks near PuntodeKago; and on 
 the fouth-eaft fide of the ifland, is the harbour of Santa 
 Cruz, the moft frequented part in the Canaiy iflands. 
 The bed road for (hips is about a mile to the north- 
 ward: between the middle of the town and fort, or 
 caffle, (hips may lie fecure from all winds, though the 
 bay is expofed to thofe which blow from the N. E. 
 coaAsand S. E. yet thefe winds do not blow fo hard as 
 to caufe any confiderable damage above once in the 
 (pace of four or five years. However, we learn from 
 Glafs, that fome years ago, mod of the (hipping in the' 
 road were.driven on (here by one of thefe gues. Some 
 Englifh (hips were then in the harbour; but the crews 
 
 Itrudently cutting away their mads, rode out the dorih. 
 n the middle of the town, for the convenience of land- 
 ing, is a mole, built at Vaft cxpence. It runs up to the 
 nofthward, and the outermod part turha towards the 
 (iiore. However, in mild weather, goods are landed at 
 A creek anionic the ibcks^tt the dilfauice of aftonc's cad 
 
 ■luuiE. «ii UK wajr iruni iiic nioic inio inc town, mere 
 js afquare fort on the left hand, named St. Philip's; 
 this is the principal one in the bay. To the northward 
 of it are (bme forts and batteries mounted with guhs, 
 the rnod confideniblelof which is named Palfo Alto. 
 i Near it is a deep rocky valley, which begins at the te» 
 (hore, and runs a great way within land. Theie are 
 fcveral batteries at rhe Couth end of the town, and be- 
 yond them, clofc to the (hore, isia fort called St. Juan. 
 Ail there forts are mounted with cannon, and joineid to< 
 gether by a thick done wall, which begins near the 
 above rocky valley, and Continues with little interrup- 
 tion, to fort St. Juan. This Wall is within only bread 
 high, but it is higher on the outlkle facing the (ca, 
 and from thence to the fouthward ; the (hore being na- 
 turally fenced with rocks, is generally inaccelTiblc. 
 
 Santa Cruz is a laix^ town, and contains fevcral 
 churches, three convents of friars, an hofpital , and the 
 bed condruded private buildings of any to be found in 
 the Canary iflanda. It is indeed the capital of them 
 all, for though the epifcopal fee and courts of judica- 
 ture are in the city of Palmas, in Canaria, the governor- 
 general of the iflands always refides in Santa Cruz, 
 where a great concourle of foreigners continually refort, 
 on account of its beii^ the center of the trade between 
 the Canary iflands with Europe and America. The 
 number of^ inhabitants are fuppofed to amount to about 
 five or fix thoufand. The wa"ter drank by them is con- 
 veyed into the town in open woodeh troughs, from a 
 fpring beyond the above mentioned valley, and there 
 are pits of water, which ferve for other purpofcs, in. 
 many houfes. Near 12 miles to the fouthward of 
 Santa Cruz, and clofc to the fea, there is a cave, with a 
 chilrch, or chapel, called our Lady of Candelaria, in 
 which is a little image of the Virgin Mary, about three 
 feet high, holding a green candle in one hand,aiid in the 
 other an infant Jefus, who has a gilt bird in each hand. 
 This chapel received its name 6f Candelaria, from its 
 being pretended, that on the eve of the purification of 
 the Holy Virgin, a great number of lights are condantly 
 feen going in proceflion round the cave, in which the 
 image is placed: and they aflert, that in the morning 
 drops of wax are fcattered about the fea fliore. This 
 image is held in the highed veneration, on account of 
 the many miracles it is faid to have performed, and 
 her chapel is adorned with fo many ornaments, that it 
 is the riched place in all the feven iflands. At a cer- 
 tain feafon of the year, mod of the inhabitants of the 
 ifland go thither in pilgrimage, when troops of young 
 girls march finging, in an agreeable manner, thepraifes 
 of the Virgin, and the miraculous deeds the image it 
 faid to have performed. 
 
 North-wedward of the ifland is the bay of Adcxe, 
 or, as it is pronounced, Adehe, where large (hips may 
 anchor. On the N. W. fide is a haven called Garra- 
 chica, once the bed port in the ifland ; but it was de- 
 droyed, in 1704, which the natives call the year of the 
 earthquakes, and filled up by the rivers of burning 
 lava that flowed into it from a volcano; (b that houfes 
 are now built where (hips formeriy lay at anchor; yet 
 velFels come there in the fummer lealon. The Earth- 
 quake began on the 24th of December; and in the 
 Ipace of three hours 29 (hocks were felt. After this 
 they became fo violent as to caufe all the houfes to Ihake, 
 and oblige the inhabitants to abandon them. The con- 
 dernation became univerfal, and the people, with the 
 bifliop at their head, made proceflicns and public 
 prayers in the open fields. On the 31 d a great lighc 
 was obferved op Manja, towards the White Nfountains, 
 where the earth opening, two volcanoes were formed, 
 that threw up fucn heaps of dones, as to raife two con- 
 fiderable mountains; and the combudible matter con- 
 unually thrown up, kindled in the neighbourhood above 
 jO fires. Things remained in this fituation till ihc 5th 
 of January, and then the fun was totally obfcured with 
 clouds of fmoke and flame, which continually incivafl 
 jng, augmented the condernation and terror of the in* 
 habitants. Before night, the whole country, for nine 
 miles round, was in (tames by the flowing of the liquid 
 
 fire, 
 
 i. 
 
 -I 
 iiif 
 
 1' 
 
 »« 
 
 li I 
 
 H 
 
■i 
 
 il 
 
 
 i ■■K 
 'f' ' 
 
 'i i 
 
 thirty diifcrentVcncs within the compafs ot halt a miic. , 
 The horror of this fcene wai greatly increafed by the 
 violence of the (hocks, which never once mtermitted, 
 but by their fbfce entirely overthrew fevcral houfes.and 
 ittook others to their very foundations: while the 
 Wretched inhabitants were again driven defencelefs and 
 difmayed into the open fields, where they every nxi- 
 ment cjcpcAed to be IVallowed up by fome new gulf, 
 lite nolle of the volcano was heard at fea at so leagues 
 diftance, where the fea (hook with fuch violence as 
 alarmed the mariners, who at firft thought the (hip had 
 flnick upon the rock. Mean while a torrent of (bU 
 phur, and melted ores of different kinds, rufhed from 
 this lad volcano towards Guimar, where the houfes and 
 public buildings were thrown down by the violence of 
 the accompanying Ihocks. On the and of February 
 another volcano broke out even in the town of Guimaf, 
 which fwallowed up a large church. Thus from the 
 •C4th of December to the 23d of February, the people 
 were conftantly alarmed by continual (hocks of earth- 
 quakes, and the terrible volcanoes that burft forth in 
 diftcrent parts. 
 
 Ihc town of Garrachica, is (lill pretty large, and 
 contains feveral churches, and convents of botli fcxes. 
 It has a fmall trade for brandy and wine, which are 
 ufually fentfrom thence in barks, or large open boats, 
 to Santa Cruz, or Port Orotava. Strong ami durable 
 (hips are alfo built there, (bme of which are upwards of 
 three hundred tons burthen. Six miles to the eaftward 
 of this place (tands the tow-n of Port Orotava, which is 
 a good harbour in the fummcr fcafon, but in the winter, 
 (hips are often obliged to (lip their cables and put to 
 fea, for fear of being fiirprized with a N. W. wind, whith 
 throws in a heavy lea upon this coad. This is a place 
 Af confiderable trade, it having flourifhed greatly (ince 
 
 . the deftrudion of the harbour of Garrachica. It 
 contains two churches, two convents of friars, two of 
 nuns, and (bme good private buildings. At each end 
 of the town is a olack fandy bay; and along the nor- 
 thernmoft a low (lone wall, built to prevent the landing 
 
 , of an ertemy : at the other bay is a fmall caftle, or fort, 
 for the fame purpofe, and at the landing place between 
 them is a batterv of a few cannon : but the furf that 
 eontinually breaks upon the (hore is the bed defence of 
 this port. About three miles from hence within land 
 is la Villa dc Orotava, which is a large town, and con- 
 tains feveral churches, and convents, with a number 
 
 , Qf (lately (lone buildings belonging to private perfons. 
 
 ' A rivulet which runs tnrough the midrt of it, refrelhes 
 their gardens and orchards, and fupplies the inhabitants 
 with water. 
 
 . The city of St. Chriftobal de la Lagona, that is, St. 
 Chriflopher of the lake, extends four miles within land 
 from Santa Cruz. The road to it from the above town 
 is a pretty deep alcent, till within a fmali ditlance of 
 the city, which is feated in the comer of a plain, about 
 four miles in lengthy and a mile in breadth. This city is 
 the capital of the idand, and contains two pari(h 
 
 " churches, three convents of friars, two of nuns; and 
 
 - three hofpitals; two of which are for the venereal dif- 
 eafe, and the other for foundlings. The iefuits have alfi) 
 a houfe here, and, belides thefc public drudures, there 
 arc many handfonnc private buildings. The water drank 
 by the inhabitants isconveyed in troughs to thecity,from 
 the mountains fituated to the fouthward of the pUin. 
 In this cit/ there is not the lead (hew of bufinefs, it 
 being chiefly inhabited by the gentry of the idand, par- 
 ticularly the officers of judice, with the judge of the 
 Indies, w ho prefides in the India-Houfe, where all affsiin 
 eclating to the Wed-India commerce arc conduded. 
 Here is likewife an office of inquifition fubjed to the 
 tribunal of the holy office of Grand Canaria 1 yet the 
 city appears to a drangcr as if defolate and uninhabited ; 
 for feidomany one can be feen in the dreets, and grafs 
 grows in the mod frequented places. " There is a la- 
 guna> or Jake, behind the city, about half a mile in cir. 
 
 i tumffirencc, from which the city takes its name. It is 
 
 - dry infutiuner, but in winter it full of dagnant vateri 
 
 in an katons txpoicd ro iM mna. — iiieiiMUueiLi'iius, 
 from the wedern extremity of this plain, to La Mon- 
 tanza de Centcjo, a large village in the midway between 
 Santa Cruz and Port Orotava. chiefly inhabited by pca- 
 fants and labouring people. Some of the towns are 
 dtuatedat no great didance from the fea, from whence 
 mod of them may be fcen > and, indeed, there are no 
 habitations at a greater didance from each other than 
 nine miles. A large town, called Realojo, is fituated in 
 the wedern border, and La Rambla on the eadem. 
 The towns of Orotava, and Port Orotava, dood between 
 them, with a numbed of detached inhabitants, fcattercd> 
 about from the fea (hore upwards to the clouds, in, or 
 beyond which, rflere are no houfes 1 yet the clouds are 
 not higher than the middle didance between the fea 
 and the fummit of the pike. 
 
 The whole ifland continues to rife on all (idea from 
 the fea till it terminates in the pike, which, as we have 
 obferved, is in the center. The north fide is the mod 
 fertile, and afcends more gradually than the other, par- 
 ticularly a fpace along tne (hore about three leagues 
 broad, bounded on the (ides by high mounuins or ra-> 
 therclids; but it rifes upwards from the fea, like a 
 hanging garden, till you come within 3 miles of the 
 clouds, without any confiderable intervention of hills 
 and valleys. All the fertile ground, within a league 
 of the fea, is covered with vines ; com grows in the 
 next league; and in the third, (ome corn, woods of che(^ 
 nuts, and many other diflerent forts of trees. Above 
 thefe woods arc the clouds, which, in fine weather, gene- 
 rally defccnd gradually towards the evening, and reft 
 upon thefe woods till the morning, when they re- 
 aicend about a league, and there remain till the fuc- 
 ceeding evening. There arc feveral other towns, and 
 many fmall villages befides the towns already men- 
 tioned. This ifland is fo populous, that, when the laft 
 account was taken, it contained no lefs than 06,009 
 perfons, and is fuppofed to contain as many fouls as all 
 the red of the inhabited iflands. 
 
 The city of Laguna, which dands near a lake, about 
 nine miles from the fea, is the principal place in Tene- 
 rifl^e: it is called by the Spaniards St. Cnriftoval de la 
 Laguna, and is handfomely built, having two pari(h 
 churches, and a palace for the governor, who rcfides 
 here. The aldermen of this city pay a price to the 
 king to ferve their offices of magidrates; but this gives 
 them great power over the inhabiunts, who are divided 
 into three clafles, namely, gentlemen, merchant*, and 
 huibandmcn, or as they are temied by the natives, idle- 
 men, bufy men, and labouring men. The land on each 
 fide of the road, leading to Ijiguna, is, in general, 
 rocky, but fome fpots of corn-land are interfpcr^d here 
 and there, and terminated by fmall vineyards an the 
 fides of die mountains. This city prefcnts the be-i 
 holder with an agreeable ptofycA, as it dands on the 
 fide of a hill, and dretches its (kirts on the plain be- 
 hind: it is large, compad, and populous: the houfes, 
 though not uniform, have a pleafiint appearance 1 be- 
 fides the governor's houfe, and the two pari(h churches, 
 here are two nunneries, tour convents, an hofpital, and 
 fome chapels, befides many gentlemcns houfes. The 
 convents are thofe of St. Francis, St. Augudine, St. 
 Dominic, and St. Diego. The churches have pretty 
 high fquare deeplcs, which top the red of the build- 
 ings. The dreets are not regular, yet they arc for the 
 mod part fpacious, and near the middle of the town is 
 a large parade, which has good buildings about it. 
 There is a drong prifon on one fide of it, near Which is 
 a large conduit of good water that fupplies all the 
 town. The inhabitants have many gardens that are fee 
 round with orange, lime, and other frait trees, in the 
 middle of which are flowers, falladingi &c. and indeed, 
 if the people were curious this way, th«r mig)\t have 
 very plcafant gardens: for the town dands high from 
 the fea, on the brow of a plain that is all <^n to thjc 
 ead, and has confequently the benefit of the trade #ind« 
 whiirh blows here, and is commonly fair( fo that there 
 are feldom wanting, at this town, idA -tl^e day, briflt* 
 
 cooling, 
 
in, or 
 
 like a 
 
 Ull m mi liUe Hi i»MM IrtilV Waicfi but. tieing ftag- 
 mnt, it lis only ufed ft>rcMtl«: lit is about haifamilc in 
 ':ircuntferencc. 
 
 The antient inhitbitant:? oF Y«neriffe were called 
 Cuanchcs, btit their origin is uut ctrtninly known: they 
 were, and the remaindeir ot ther.) fliil are without li- 
 teraturei but their ianguagc, which ftiil remains among 
 the remnant of them, bears (btne Affinity to that of the 
 Moors in Barbury ; it was formerly very guttural, and 
 entirely dift'<^nt from that ufed in the other iflands. 
 They were of good ftature, well made, and had toler- 
 able complexions, but thofc who dwelt on the north 
 fide of the ifland were much fairer, and had lighter 
 hair than thofc in the South. Thefe people had fome 
 notion of a deity, and held, that there is a fupreme 
 power, which they dilUhguiihed by the names of Ach- 
 guarergenan, Achoran. and Achaman, which fignify 
 the fulTainer of the heavens and the earth. They alfo 
 gave the titles of the great, thcfublime, the maintainer 
 of all : but they did not worftiip idols, nOr had any ima- 
 ges of the deity. They believed that God created 
 them of earth and water, and made as many men as 
 women, giving them cattle, and every thing nccelTiry 
 for their (ubfiuence ; but that afterwards there appearing 
 to him too few, he created more; but to thefe la(l gave 
 nothing; and when they prayed to him for flocks of 
 Iheep, and herds of goats, he bid them go and ferve 
 the others, who, in return, would give them food. 
 From thefe, they faid.werc defcended their fervants. 
 They had fonic idea of the immortality of the foul, by 
 fuppofing the exigence of places for future rewards and 
 pimifhrncnts. In particular, they fuppofedthe Pike of 
 Teneriffe to contain hell in its bowels, which they 
 termed Echeydat and gave the name of Guayotta to 
 the devil. 
 
 In Tenerifie, the weather ii the fame as in Grand 
 Canaria ; but the (ea-breeze ^erally fets in at about 
 about ten o'clock in the morning, on the E. and N> E. 
 fides of the ifland, and blows till about five of fix in 
 the evening, when it fiills calm till midnight. The 
 lahd wind men begins, and continues till feven or eight 
 in the rooming, wnen it is followed by a calm, which 
 lafts till the Tea breeze returns. In the bay of Santa 
 Cruz, and on all die E. fide of the ifland, the fea breeze 
 cominoiily blows K £. and the land wind at W. On 
 theN. fide, the fea breeze blows at N. E. by £. orN. E. 
 and the land wind diredUy oppoihe to it; but there is 
 no land wind at Point Nago, where the land itrctches 
 towards the N. E. far into the fea. At the brow of the 
 hill above Santa Cruz, and at the city of Laguna, a frefli 
 gate blows from the N. W. all the time of the fea 
 breeze, which is occaiioncd by the mountains almoft 
 cncompaiiing the plain. Thele bdng fo exceedingly 
 high on the S. fide of it, as to bcflt back the fea breeze, 
 and throw it againll the mountains that bound the N. 
 fide of the plain, where finding no paiTage, it veers to 
 the S. E. and there meeting with no reuftance, forces 
 its way with great vehemence through the plain; till 
 coming to the brow of the above mentioned hill, part 
 of the current of air pours down it towards Santa Cruz, 
 advancing within a mile and a half of the fea, where 
 the true tea breeze checks it ; yet there is no regular 
 fea or land breezy, on the S. W. coaft, which is fliel- 
 lered from the trade or north-cafVerly wind by the irn- 
 menfe height of the pike, which towers above the region 
 of the wind: hence on that fide of the ifland, there is 
 either an eddy wind at S. W. or a calm. 
 
 This ifland produces nearly the fame vegeubles as 
 that of Canaria, only there arc more vine>yards, and 
 tela corn-land. Itie wines are flroi^, good, and very 
 fit for exportation, efpecially into hot climates, by 
 which they are generally greatly improved. Formerly 
 a lar« quantity of Canary fack was made here, which 
 the French call Vin de Malvcfie, and we, corruptly, 
 after them, name Malmfey, from Malvefia, a town in the 
 Morca, famous for fuch lufcious wine. In the laft cen- 
 tiiry. and ftill later, aiuch of this was imported into 
 
 No. so. 
 
 which when about two or three years old, can hardly be 
 diftinguifticd from Madeira; but after four years of 
 age it bccoitiesfofwect and mellow iiito refemblethe 
 wine of Malaga in Spain, this, like all the other C«- 
 n,\ry idands, aflbrds orchilla Weed ih great plenty; 
 The dragon tree, aloe, and pine, are natives ol^Tcne- 
 riffc. The apricot, peachy and pear-trees, bear twice 
 annually. The prcgnada, lemoh, and lignar w ood, are 
 found here, as arc the cottort-flirub ahd Coloquintida. 
 The rofc blows at Chriftnuks : the carnations are large 
 and fine, but tulips will not thrive:. The rocks alxMind 
 with famphire, the tncadows are covered with cjover^ 
 and the beach produces a broad leaved grifj. About 
 fourfcbrc Cars of wlieit fpring fhmi one rdot, the graint 
 of which areas tranfparent as thcpurefl yellow amber* 
 and in a good fcafon one bufltel will produce a hundr<^ 
 fold: the barley and maize are not inferior to the 
 wheat. 
 
 With refpeft to the animals, hert ahf plenty of rab- 
 bets, hogs, wild ^ats, &C. Quails dnd partridges ari 
 larger than thofe ih England, and extremely handfottie; 
 Wood-pigeons, turtles, And crowsj abound in the fpHng. 
 Several forts of wild fowls refort hither in the winter 
 fcafon, aflbrding plenty of game to the inhabitants of 
 Laguna. The falcOns, or rather (irong large hawks, 
 w hich hover over the lake bf Laguna, are thus de- 
 fcribed by a gentleman who lately travelled to thefe 
 iflands: "I cannot forbear mentioning thb hk^ard fal- 
 cons that foar every evening about this lake, n is very 
 good divctfion to fee the negroes fight them with flingsj 
 for they often ftoop. feveral at d time; and befides* 
 they are the beft mettled hawks in the the world, being 
 of a larger kiild than the Barbary falcon. The viceroy 
 being one evening to fee the fport, on the author's com* 
 mending their flrength and mettle, aflured him upon 
 his honour, that a falcon bred in that ifliHd, which he 
 had formerly fent to the duke of Latttla, did at one 
 flight, (unlefs ftie refted on any (hip by the way) paf* 
 from Andalufia to TeneriflTe, which is two hundred an4 
 fifty Spanifli leagues, and was uken up half dead, hav- 
 ing (Jn the yaflcis and bells belonging to the duke." 
 
 In this ifland fifties are found in great quantitiei!^ 
 particularly dolphins, Iharks, meros, lobflers, muffels* 
 periwinkles, the calcas, (which is deemed the beft flielU 
 fifli in the univerfe) and the cherna, that exceeds in re- 
 lifti any we have in England : here is alfo another fifh 
 which IS called art eel. though with little propriety, for 
 it has feven tails of a fpHnloiK jollied to one body and 
 one head, which are nearly of the fame length. Silk 
 worms thrive exceedingly; and I ees profpcr in the rocks 
 and tnountains. To this accouiit we fliall add the fbl- 
 lowing remarks Of the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, (oneo^ 
 our fliip's company, and of whom wc have already mad« 
 mention) on the natural Appearances of Tenerifle, and 
 its produdions; as what he obferved himfelf, or learnt 
 by information, about the general ftate of the ifland, 
 may beof ufc; feeing our readers may hereby bii ena- 
 bled to mark fome changes that have happened there 
 flncethe publication of the above geographical obfer-^ 
 vations, which are chiefly extladed from Mn Millar's 
 defenxcUy murb admired New and UniVirsal System af 
 GEOGRAPHY. The foUowing are Mr. Anderfon's 
 own words, and narration. 
 
 " While we were ftanding in for the land, the weather 
 being perfedtly clear, We had an opportunity of feeing 
 the celebrated Pike of Teneriffe: but I own, I was 
 much difappointed in my expe<%ition with refpeft to 
 iu appearance. It is, ceminly. far fiotn equalling thtt 
 noble figure of Pico, one of the weftem ifles which I 
 have feenj though itt perpendicular hnght may be 
 
 E rater. This circumftance, perhaps, arifes from its 
 ing furrounded by other very high hills j whereait 
 Pico ftands without a rival. 
 
 " Behind the city of Santa CJftia, the country rifeS 
 
 gradually, artd is of a moderate height. Beyond thit 
 
 to the fouth weft ward, it becomes highet, and continuet 
 
 to rife toward the Pic, which, from tiie road, appears 
 
 i^ but 
 
 ii 
 
 
 \W 
 
 m 
 
 \m 
 
 1 • 
 1^. 
 
 I rl 
 
 A 
 ^', 1 
 
 ',rl 
 
 k 
 
 i i 
 
4to 
 
 Capt. COOK '8 VoVaOES COMPLETE. 
 
 t ■ 
 
 i 
 
 ii'-'s 
 
 li 
 
 but little higher than the rtirroundins hilU. From 
 thenc<e it rccms to dccrcarc, though not uiddcniy. as far 
 u the eye can reach. From a fuppofition that we 
 fliould not ftay above one day, I was obliged to con- 
 tnA my excurfions ; othcrwife I had propofed to vifit 
 th^ top of this famous mountain. I'o the eaftward of 
 Santa Cruz, the ifland appears pcrfeiflly barren. Ridges 
 of hills run towards the lea; between which ridges are 
 deep valleys, terminating at mountains or hills that 
 niriacrofs, and are higher than the former. Thofe 
 that nm towards the fca, are marked by imprefllons on 
 their lidcs, which makes them appear as a lucceHion of 
 conic hills, with their tops very rugged. The higher ones 
 that run acrofs are more uniform m their appearance. 
 
 " In the forenoon of the fird of Augud, after we had 
 trtchored in the road, 1 went on ihorc to one of thcfe 
 valleys, with an intention to reach the top of the re- 
 moter hills, which feemcd covered with woods; but 
 time would not allow me to get farther than their foot. 
 After walking about three miles, I found no alteration 
 in the appearance of the lower hills; which produce 
 great quantities of the Euphorbia Canarienfis. It is 
 fiirpriling that this large fucculent plant (hould thrive 
 •n fo burnt up a foil. When broken, which is cafiiy 
 done, the quantity of juice is very great ; and it might 
 be fuppofcd that, when dried, it would (hrivcl to 
 nothing : yet it is a pretty tough, though foft and light 
 wood. The people here believe its juice to be fo cauftic, 
 as to corrode the (kin ; but I convinced them, though 
 with much difficulty, to the contrary, by thrufting my 
 finger in a plant full of it, without afterwards wiping 
 it off. They break down the bufhes of the Euphorbia, 
 and fuffering them to dry, carry them home for fuel. 
 I met with nothing clfe growing there, but two or three 
 fmall flirubs, and a few fig-trees near the bottom of 
 the valley. The balis of the hills is a heavy compaft 
 blueilh ftone, mixed with fomc fhining particles ; and, 
 on 'the furface, large malTcs of red Triable earth, or 
 flone, are fcattercd about. I alfo found the fame fub* 
 ftance difpofcd in a thick (Irata ; and the little earth 
 ftrewed here and there, was a blackifh mould. There 
 were alfo fome pieces of flag; one of which, from its 
 weight and fmooth furface, Icemed almofl wholly me- 
 talline. The mouldering ftate of thefe hills is, doubt- 
 Icfs, owing to the perpetual adion of the fun, which 
 calcines their furface. This mouldered part being 
 afterwards wailied away by the heavy rains, perhaps is 
 the caufc of their fides being fo uneven. For, at the 
 different fubfVances of which they are compofed, are 
 more or Icfs eafily affected by the fun's heat, they will 
 be carried away in the like proportions. Hence, per- 
 haps, the tops of the hills, being of the hardefl rock, 
 have flood, while the other parts on a declivity have 
 been deftroyed. As I have Hfually obferved, that the 
 tops of moll inounuins that are covered with trees have 
 a more uniform appearance, I am inclined to believe, 
 that this is owing to their being ihaded. 
 
 " The city of Santa Cruz, tlnough not large, is tole- 
 rably well built. The churches are not magnificent 
 without; but within are decent, and indifferently or- 
 namented. They arc inferior to fome of the churches 
 at Madeira: but, I imagine, this rather arifes from the 
 different difpofition of the people, than from their in- 
 ability to fupport them better : for the private houfes, 
 4nd drefs of the Spanifh inhabitants of Santa Cruz, art 
 far preferable to thofe of the Portugueze at Madeira, 
 who, perhaps, are willing to flrip themfclves, that they 
 may adorn their churches. 
 
 " Almoft facing the flonc pier, at the landing-place, 
 is a handfome marble column, lately put up, orna- 
 mented with fome human figures, that do no difcredit 
 to the artift, with an infcription inSpanifh, and the 
 date, to commeiBorate the occafion of the credion, 
 
 " Friday the 2nd, in the afternoon, four of us hired 
 mules to nde to the city of Laguna, fo called from an 
 adjoining lake; about four miles from Santa Cruz. 
 We arrived there about fix in the evening, but found 
 a fight of it very unable to compenfate for our trouble, 
 as the road was very bad, and the mules but indif- 
 ferent. The place ii> indeed, pretty cxteBftve, but 
 3 
 
 fcarcety deferves to be dignified with the name of 
 city. 
 
 •• The difpofition of its f>reet« is very irregular; yet 
 fome of them ait of a tolerable breadth, and have fome 
 good houfei. In general, however, taguna is inferior 
 in appearance to Sanu Cruz, though the latter, if com- 
 pared with the former, is but fm&IT. The road leading 
 from Santa Cruz to Laguna runs up a fteep hill, whicn 
 is very barren ; but lower down, we faw fome fig-trees, 
 and feveral corn-fields. Thefe laft are but fmall, and 
 not thrown into ridges, as is pra(fticed in England. 
 Nor does it appear that they can raife any com here 
 without great labour, as the grt)und is fo encumbered 
 with ftones, that they are obliged to colled and lay 
 them in broad rows, or walls, at fmall dillances. The 
 large bills that run to the S. W. appeared to be pretty 
 well furnifhed with trees. Nothing elfc worthy of 
 notice prefented itfelf during this cxcurfion, -except a 
 few aloe plants in Hower, near the lide of the road, 
 and the chearfulnefs of our guides, who amufed us with 
 fongs by the way. Moft of the laborious work in this 
 ifland is performed by mules, horfes being to ap- 
 pearance fcarce, and chiefly refervcd for the ufeofthe- 
 officers. They are of a ffiiall fizc, but well fhaiicd 
 anil fpirited. Oxen are alfo employed to drag their 
 calks along upon a clumfy piece of wood ; and they 
 arc yoked by the head, though it doth not fcem. that 
 this has any peculiar advantage over our method of 
 fixing the harncfs on the fliouldcrs. In my walks and 
 cxcui lions I faw fomc hawks, parrots, the tern or fea- 
 fwailow, fea-guUs, partridges, wagtails, fwallows; 
 m.-irtins, blackbirds, and canary-birds in large flocks. 
 There arc alfo lizards of the common, and another 
 fort; fome infedls and locufls ; and three or four forti 
 of dragon Hies. 
 
 " I had an opportunity of converfing with a fenfible 
 and well informed gentleman refiding here, and whofe 
 veracity I have not the leall reafon to doubt. From: 
 him I learnt fome particulars, which during the fhort 
 ftay of three days, did not fall within my own obferva- 
 tion. He informed me, that a fhrub is common here, 
 agreeing exadly with the defcription given by Tourne- 
 fort and Linnaeus, of the tea fhrub, as growing in 
 China and Japan. It is reckoned a weed, and he toots 
 out thoufands of them every yearifnmi his vineyards. 
 The Spaniards, however, of the ifland, fometimes ufe 
 it as tea, and afcribe to it all the qualities of that im- 
 ported from China. They alfo give it the luune of 
 tea ; but what is remarkable, they fiy it was found hero 
 when the ifland was firft difcovered. Another bota- 
 nical curiofity, mentioned by him, is what they call 
 Pregnada, or impregnated lemoa. It is a pcrfed and 
 diftmift lemon^ inclofed within another, diAerii^ froi» 
 the outer one only in being a little more globular. 
 The leaves of the tree that prmluces this fort, are much 
 longer than thofe of the common one ; and it was re- 
 prefentcd to me as being crooked, and not equal in 
 beauty. From him I Icamt alfo, that a certain fort of 
 grape growing here, is reckoned an excellent remedy 
 inphthifical complainU! and the air and climate, in 
 general, are remarkably healthful, and particularly 
 adapted to give relief in fuch difeafes. This he en- 
 deavoured to account for, by its being always in our 
 power to procure a different temperature of the air, by 
 refiding at dilfcrcnt heights in the ifland; and he ex- 
 prefTetl his furprize, that the Englifli phyficians fliould 
 never have thought of fending their confumptive pa- 
 tients to Tenerifte, inflead of Nice or Lilbon. How 
 much the temperature of the air varies here, I myfelf 
 could fcnfibly perceive, only in riding from Santa Crua 
 up to Laguna ; and you may afcend till the cold be- 
 comes intolerable. I am afliired no perfon can livs 
 comfortably within a mile of the perpendicular height 
 of the Pic, after the month of Auguft. This agrees 
 with Dr. Heberden's account, who fays, that the fugar. 
 loaf part of the nvunuin. Or la pcricofa (as it is called) 
 which is an eighth part of a league, (or 1980 feet) to 
 the top, is covered with fnow the grcateft pan of the 
 year. 
 
 " Their trade muft be fuppoTed vvy confiderafale 
 
 indipd ; 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYA0E~To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 411 
 
 confiderable 
 
 imieedt for they reckon th«4d/»oiJipeiof wine are 
 annually made; the greatcft part of which » cither 
 confumed in the ifland, or tnade into brandy, and tent 
 to the Spaniih Weft Indies, About 6000 pipe* were 
 exported every year to North America, while the trade 
 with it was uninterrupted 1 at prefcnt it is thought not 
 
 half the quantity." Our readers will here p'eafe to 
 
 obfcrve, that in the foregoing accouw given by Mr. 
 Millar, in his New Syftem of Geography, the mimbcr 
 of inhabitants in Tcnerifte are computed at no Itfs than 
 96,00a Now we may reafonably fuppofe, that tlitrc 
 nas been a confldenble increafe of population withirj 
 thefc 30 years. Th*- quantity of wine annually con- 
 fumed, as the common beverage of at Icaft 100,000 
 perfons, muft amount to feveral thoufand pipes. There 
 muft be a vaft expenditure of it, by convcrilon into 
 brandy ; to produce ne pipe of which, five or lix pipes 
 of wine inuft be diUillcd. An attention to thefe par- 
 ticulars will enable every r.ic to judge, that the account 
 given by Mr. Anderfon o. the annual produce of pipes 
 of wine has a foundation in truth.— —This gentleman 
 goes on to obferve, " That they make little filkj and, 
 unlefswc reckon the filtering ftones, brought in great 
 numbers from Grand Canary, the wine is the only 
 confiderable article of the foreign conunerce ot Tc- 
 
 ncriffc. .. , , ^ 1. 
 
 " None of the race of the family.of the Guanches, or 
 antient inhabitants, found here when the Spaniards dif- 
 covered the Canaries, now remain a diftind people, 
 having intermarried with the Spanilh fettlers 1 but their 
 dcfcendants arc known, from their being remarkably 
 tall, large boned, and ftrong. The men-are, in general, 
 of a tawny colour, and the women have a pale com- 
 plexion, entirely deftitutc of that bloom which dif- 
 tinguiftics our northern beauties. The Spanifli cuftom 
 of wearing black clothes continues among them ; but 
 the men fcem more indifferent about this, and in fomc 
 meafure drefs like the French. In other rcfpefts, we 
 found the inhabitantt of Tencriffc to be a decent and 
 very civil people, retaining that grave caft which dif- 
 tinguiflies thofe of their country from other European 
 nations. Although, concludes Mr. Anderfon, we do 
 not think, that there is a great fimilarity between our 
 manners and thofe of the vSpaniards, it is worth obferv- 
 ingi that Omiah did not think there was much dif- 
 fcrence. He only faid, that they feemcd not fo friendly 
 as the Englifh; and that, in their perfons, they ap- 
 proached thofe of his countrymen." 
 
 Wc (hall now, as propofed, proceed to the relation 
 of a journey up the Pike of Tcneriffc, undertaken and 
 performed by Mr. Glafs, author of that valuable work, 
 entitled, the Hiftofy of the Canary Iflands. This gen- 
 tleman begins his narrative with informing us, that, 
 «' Early in the month of September 1761, at about four 
 in the afternoon,, he f?t out on horfeback, in company 
 with the maftcr of a fliip to vifit the Pike. They had 
 with them a fervant, a muleteer, and a guide ; and, 
 after afccnding above fix miles, arrived towards fun fet 
 at the mod diftant habitation from the fea, which is in 
 a hollow : here finding an . aqucdud of open troughs 
 that convey water down from the head of the hollow, 
 their fervants watered the cattle, and filled fome fmali 
 barrels to ferve them in their expedition. 
 
 ** The gentlemen here alighted, and walking into the 
 hollow, found it very pleaiant, as it abounded with 
 many trees of an odoriferous fmell; and fome fields of 
 maizor Indian com are near thehoufes. On their 
 mounting again, they travelled for fome time up a 
 fteep road, and rea<ihed the woods and clouds a little 
 befoiv night. They could not miA their way, the road 
 being bounded on both fides with, trees qr bu(h,es, 
 whicn were chiefly laurel, favinc,' and brulhwooid. 
 Having travelled about a mile, they came to fhe 
 upper edge of the wood, above the clouds, where 
 aliehting, they made ■■ a fire, and fupped » fqon a&cr 
 vvhich, they laid down to Deep under the bHfli^s. 
 About half aa Ifour aiter.ten, the moon fliining bright, 
 they mounted again, travelled flowty two hours throMgh 
 an exceeding bul roitd, rcfembling the ruins, /pf ftone 
 buUdingtfcattered over Icefields, 
 
 " Afterthcyhad paflcdoverthisroad, they came upon 
 fmall liffht pumice-fione, like (hinglcs ; upon which 
 they rode at a pretty gwid pace for near aii hour. The 
 air now began to be pretty (harp and piercing, and thtf 
 wind blew firong from the fouth-wcfiward. Their 
 guide advired them to alight here, as the place was 
 convenient, and reft till about four or five in the morn^ 
 ingi I'o thin they agreed, and entered the cave, the 
 mouth of which was built up to about a man's height^, 
 to exclude the cold. Near this place were fome dry 
 withered rctamas, the only (hrub or vegetable naar the 
 cave* and with thefe they made a great fire to warm 
 thcinrelvcs, aifd then fell alleep; but, were foon awaked 
 by an itching occafioned by a cold'thin air, want of 
 reft, and deeping in their cloaths. They here pafied 
 away their time as well as they could ; but while they 
 crept near the fire, one fide was almoft fcorched, and 
 the other was benumbed with cold. At about five in 
 the morning they mounted again, and travelled Howly 
 about » mile ; for the road was rather too fteep for 
 travelling quick on horfeback, and their beafts were now 
 fatigued. 
 
 " At Uft they came among fome great loofe rocks* 
 where was a kind of cottage built of loofe I'.ones, called 
 UieEnglilh pitching place, probably from fome of the 
 Engiilh rcfting here on their way to vifit the pike j 
 for none take that journey but foreigners and fome 
 poor people who cam their bread by gatliering brim- 
 ftone. There they alighted again, the remainder of 
 their way being too fteep for riding, and left one of 
 the fervants to look after the l^orfes, while they pro- 
 ceeded on their journey. T'hey v^alked hard to get 
 thcmfeivcs warm ; but were foon fatigued by the ftcep- 
 nafs of the road, which was loofe and fandy. On their 
 reaching the top of this hill, they came to a prodigious 
 number of large and loofe ftones, or rocks, whofc 
 furfaccs were Hat, and each of them about ten feet 
 every vyay. 
 
 •• This road was lefs fteep than the other; but they 
 were obliged to travel a confiderable way round, to 
 leap over the rocks, which were not clofe to each 
 other. Among them is a cavern, in which is a well, or 
 natural rcfervoir, into which they defcended by a ladder 
 placed there by the poor people for that purpofe. 
 This cavern is very fpacious, it being almoft 10 yards 
 wide, and twenty in height ; but all the bottom, except 
 jufl at the foot of the ladder, is covered with water, 
 which is about two fathoms deep, and was then frozen 
 towards the inner edges of the cave ; but when they 
 attempted to drink of it, its exceflivc coldncfs pre- 
 vented them. 
 
 " After travelling about a quarter or half a mile upon 
 the great ftones, they reached the bottom of the real 
 pike or fiigar-loaf, which is exceeding fteep, and the 
 difficulty of afcending it increafed, and was rendered 
 more fatiguing by the ground being Jpofe and givine 
 way under their feet; for though this eminence is not 
 above half a mile in height, they were obliged to ftop 
 and take breath near thirty times ; and when they at 
 laft reached the top, being quite fpent with fatigue 
 they lay about a quarter of an hour to recover their 
 breath, and reft themfelves. 
 
 " In the morning, when they left the Englifli pitch- 
 ing place, the fun was juft emerging from the clouds, 
 which were fprcad under them at a great diftance be- 
 low, and appeared like the ocean. Above the clouds 
 at a vaft diftance to the north, they perceived fome- 
 thing black, which they conje<ftured to be the top of 
 the illand of Madeira, and, taking the bearings of it by 
 a pocket coinpafs, found it to be exaftly in the direc- 
 tion of that ifland from Teneriffe, but before they 
 reached to the tops of the pike, it difappeared. They 
 could neither perceiveLancerota norFucrtevcntura from 
 this place, thev being pot high enough to pierce the 
 clouds •, though they could fee from hence the tops of 
 the iflar.ds of Grand Canada, Hiero, Palma. and Go- 
 mera. which feemed to be quite near. 
 
 " After refting for fome time, they began to obferve 
 the to^ of the pike, which is about r+o yards inlenzth 
 and 1 1 o in breadth. It is hollow, and Ihaped like an 
 
 inverted 
 
 it* 
 
 
 I) 
 
412 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 ;^ 
 
 
 i\- 
 
 *)' 
 
 invcrti- J bell. I'rom the cdgci of this bdl, wf cauldron , 
 as it is called by the natives, it ii about 40 yards to 
 the bottom, and in many parts of this hollow, thev 
 obfcrvcd finokc and (teams of fulphur iflUing fortn 
 in pitftii I and the heat of the ground in particular 
 places M as fo great, as to penetrate through the folei of 
 their fliocs to the feet. On obferving fomefpotsof 
 canh, or foft clay, they tried the heat with their fin- 
 ^rs, but could not thruft them in farther than half an 
 inch) for the deeper they went, the hotter it was. 
 They then took their guide's (laif, and thruft it about 
 three inches deep into a hole or porous place, where 
 the fmoke Teemed thickcd ; and having held it there 
 about a minute, drew it out, and found it burnt to a 
 charcoal. They gathered here many pieces of mod 
 curious and beautiful brimOone of all colours, par- 
 ticularly an azure blue, violet, fcarlet, green, and 
 yellow. 
 
 " The clnndi beneath them, which are at a great dif- 
 tance, made from hence a very extraordinanr appear- 
 ance: they Teemed like the ocean, only the furface was 
 not <iuite To blue and Tmooth, but had the refemblance 
 of wtiitc wool ; and where this cloudy ocean, as it may 
 be called, touched the mountain, it Teemed to foam like 
 billows breaking on the fhore. When they afcended 
 through the clouds, it was dark ; but when they after- 
 wards mounted again, between ten and eleven o'clock, 
 and the moon (hone bright, the clouds were then below 
 them, arid about a mile diftant. They then miftook 
 them for tht ocean, and wondered at Teeing them To 
 near I nor did they diTcover their miftake till the Tun 
 aroTc. When th^ palled through the clouds, in de- 
 fcending from the pike, they appeared as a thick fng o. 
 mift, rcTembling tnoTe frequently Teen in England ; with 
 which all the trees of the wood and their cloaths were 
 wetted. 
 
 " The air was thin, cold, and piercing on the top of 
 the pike, like the Touth-eafterly winds felt in the great 
 dcfart of Africa. In afccnding the Tugar loaf, which 
 is very ftcep, their heatts pantedand beat violently, and, 
 as hath been already obfcrved, they were obliged to reft 
 above thirty times to take breath ; and this was probably 
 as much owing to the thinneTs of the air cauling a dif^ 
 ficulty of relpiration, as to the uncommon fatigue they 
 fuifered in climbing the hill. Their guide, who was a 
 thin, adlive old man, was far from being aife(flKl in the 
 fame manner; but climbed up with caTc like a goat; 
 for he was one of the poor men who earn their living 
 by gathering brimftone in the cauldron and other vol- 
 canoes, the Dike itfelf being no other, though it has 
 burned for lome years ; for the Tugar-loaf is entirely 
 compoTed of earth mixed with aftics and calcined 
 ftones, thrown out of the bowels of the earth, and the 
 great fquare (tones before deTcrtbcd, were probably 
 thrown out of the cauldron, or hollow of the pike, 
 when an eruption happened. 
 
 " After they had furveyed every thine worthy of no- 
 tice, they ddcended to the place white their horfcs w^re 
 left, which took them up only half an hour, though 
 they were about two hourt and a half in aTcending. It 
 was then about ten in ihe mbmihg, and the Tun flionc fo 
 exceedingly hot, as to oblige them to (heltcr in the cot- 
 tage, and being extremely migued, they laid down in 
 order to fleep ; out were prevented by the cold, which 
 was (o intenTc in the (hade, that they were obliged to 
 kindle a fire to keep themfclves warrt. After this, when 
 they had uken Tome repoTc, thev mounted their horTes 
 about noon, and deTccnding by the Tame way they went 
 up,cain^ to fome pines, iltuatcd about two miles above 
 the clouds. Between thefc pines and the pike, no herb, 
 Qvnth, tree, or graTs can grow, except the bcfore-men- 
 tioncd retMnas. 
 
 " At about five in the evening the)' arrived 1 1 Oro- 
 tava, not having alighted by the way to (top, only )'>me- 
 timcs to walk w-ncrc the road was too (tcep for riding. 
 The whole diltance they rode in the five hours Tpent m 
 coming dow n from the Englifli pitching-place to Ore . 
 tava, tney computed to be about I J EngUfli miles, tra- 
 velling at the rate of three miles an hour- 
 "Ourauthorfuppoltt, the perpendicular height of 
 
 I 
 
 the Englilh pitchingplace to be about four Knglifli miles, 
 and adding to that a mile of a pcrpcndiciiUr height 
 from thence to the pike, obTerres, that ihe whole will 
 be about five Enelifh miles, and that he is very certain 
 he cannot be milnken in this calculation above a mile 
 either way." But Mr. GlaTs may here probably be 
 miltaken, owing perhaps to his not uTing any inftru- 
 ments proper Tor aTcertaining the exad altitude oT this 
 mounuin, which is much higher than either the Alps, 
 or the highelt part of the Andes, according to this cal- 
 culation. Dr. T. Heberden makes its height^ above 
 the level of the Tea, to be 15.396 Englifh Teet; and 
 Tays, that this was confirmed by two TubTequent obTer- 
 vations by himTelf, and another made by Mr! CrolTe, 
 the ConTul. The Chevalier de Borda, commander of 
 the French Trigate, now lying with the RcTolution in 
 the road of Santa Cruz, was employed, in conjundiun 
 with Mr. Varila, a Spanifli gentleman, in making altro- 
 nomical obTcrvations for aTcertaining the going of two 
 time-keepers which they had on board their (hip. The 
 chevalier meaTured the height of the pike, but makes 
 it to be only 1931 French toiTes,or 12,340 Englifli feet. 
 If our readers are dcfirous of more particulars refpcd;- 
 ing the above Tubjedts, they may find them in Sprat's 
 Hiltory of the Royal Society, p. aoo, &c. Hiftory of 
 the Canary illands by Glafs, p. 252, &c. Philofophicai 
 TranTadions, vol. XLVII. p. 3S3,&c. and Dr. ForT- 
 ter's ObTervations during a voyage round the worl4, 
 p. 32.— Proceed we now to the hi(tory of our voyage. 
 
 On Sunday, the 4th of Auau(t, having UK(;n oa 
 boaid our water, and other necefniry articles, we weighed 
 anchor, and Tailed from the ifland of Tenoriffe with a 
 fine fre(h gale at N. E. between this day and the tenth, 
 our experienced Commander difcovcred his uTual at- 
 tention and parental care, relpefting both the diTcipline, 
 andhcalthoiour company; for in this interv.il the mari.. 
 ners were exercifed at the great guns and Tmall arms, 
 and the Refolutian was twice Tmodked and cleanTcd bis* 
 rween decks. On Saturday the loth, at nine o'clock 
 P. M. we deTcried the idand of fionavi(ta, bearing S. 
 diltant one league ; at which time we thought ourfeTvea 
 to have been much farther olT. We too Toon were made 
 fen(ibleof our miftake; for after hauling to theeaftward, 
 to clear the Tuiiken rocks that lie near the S. £. point of 
 the ifland, we found ourfdves cloTc upon them, and 
 barely weathered the breakers. Our fituation was, for 
 a few minuKs, To very critical and alarming, that, cap- 
 tain Cook would not permit us to Tound, as by fo doing 
 we might have increafcd the danger, without any poflU 
 bility of lelfening it. Having cleared the rocks, wc 
 held on a S. S. W. courTe till day break on the iitb. 
 when we (teered between Bonaviua and Mayo, to the 
 weftward, with the view of looking into Port Prayii 
 Tor the DiTcovery, as captain Clerke had been inTormed 
 of our intention to touch at that pon:, and we knew not 
 how Toon he might follow us. At one o'clock P. M. 
 we came in fight of the rocks S. W. of Bonavifla, bear- 
 ing S. E. dilnint three leagues; and on Monday the 
 1 2th, at fix o^lock, A. M. the ide of Mayo bore 
 S. S. E. diltant five leagues. We now founded, and 
 found ground at 60 fathoms. At eleven one extreme 
 of Mayo bore E. by N. and the other S. E. by S. In 
 this (tation two globular hills appeared near its N. E. 
 patt; farther on, a large and higher hill; and about 
 two thirds of its length, a fingle one that is peaked. 
 We were now at the diltancc ot three or four miles froip 
 this ifland, at which we iaw not the leaft appearance of 
 vegetation; nor did any other obj&ft prefcnt itfclf to 
 purview, but that Itfelefs brown, fo common in un- 
 wooded countriin uiider the torrid zone. During our 
 cpntinii'ailcc am6ng the Cape de Verde illands, we had 
 gentle breezes of wind, varying from the S. E. to E. 
 and fomd calms; (tt>m whence we may conclude, thaf 
 they itre either extenfive enough to break the cur- 
 rent of the trade wind, or that tmy are fituated pift bsr 
 yond itf verge, in that fbace where the variable winds, 
 found on appit)achmg tnt line, begin. At this time wi$ 
 had lultry and hot weather, attended with rain, and* 
 for the moft part the (ky was tinged with a thick whitc- 
 nefs, without any tranfparcncy, a kind of medium be- 
 tween 
 
ii - I 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 4«J 
 
 twein fbffi and clouds. Indeed, the tropical ciimatci 
 fcldom have that bright, clear aimofpherc, obfcrvable 
 where variable wir»dabl»wj nor doea the fun fliinc with 
 iMfullfplemWri if ittJid, perbapa itt rayi. being un* 
 interrupted, would occaiion an infupportable heat 
 throughout the day, as «» the nights, they are often 
 rennarkably clear and fercne. .,..., 
 
 . On Tueftlaythe 13th, at nine o'clock, A. M. we 
 wereabreaftof PbrtPraya, in the ifland of St. Ibro, 
 of which in former voyage* a very particular and full 
 defcription ha» been given. At this place two Dutch 
 Eaft India (hfiM, and a fmail brigantinc were at an. 
 chor ; but the Difcovery not being there, and having 
 expended but a fmall quantity of our water, in our rurt 
 from Teneriffe, wedid not go in, but ftood to the fouth- 
 ward. We had loft the N, E. trade wind, the day 
 after we left the Capc-dc Vtrd iflandsi and on Friday 
 the 30th, fell in with that which blows from the S. E. 
 being then in 1 dcg. N. latitude, and in 35 dcg. W. lon- 
 gitude. The wind, during ihis fpacc of time, was 
 moftly in the S. W. quamr. It generally blew a gentle 
 breeze, but fometiincs frelh, and in fqualls. W- had 
 few olms. and thofc of ftiort continuance, between 
 the latitude of la deg. and 7 dcg. N, the weather was 
 very gloomy, and frequently rainy j which laft circum- 
 ftance was an advantage to us, as wc were enabled to 
 fevc as much water as filled moll of our empty caflts. 
 pvery bad coiifcqticncc is to be apprehended from thcfc 
 rains, and the clofe fultry weather with which they arc 
 accompanied. ( ommandcrs of ftiips ought therefore 
 c.irc^ully to purify the air between decks with fires and 
 frnoke, and to oblige the people to change their cloaths 
 lit every opportunities ; which prefcrvativcs of health, 
 with others mentioned in-thc two former voyages, were 
 confianrly ufed by captain Cook. On the 14th inftant 
 a fire was made in' the well, to air the Ihip below: on 
 the I fth, the fparc fails were aired upon deck, and a 
 fire made to air the fail room: on the 17th cleaned and 
 fmokfd between decks, and aired the bread room with 
 fire?: on the 21ft cleaned and fmokcd between decks : 
 and on the 2;;nd, the mens bedding was fprcad on the 
 deck to air. We enjoyed the falutary effeds of thefc 
 precautions in a high degree, having tc-.vcr flck than on '\ 
 either of captain Cook's preceding voyages. Our Ihip, I 
 however, was very leaky in all her upper works. The 
 ftiltry weather had opened her feams, that had been 
 bodly caulked,fowide,that the rain water palfed thrMgh 
 as it fell. By the water that came in at the fides of the j 
 fcfohition, 'the officer* in the gun-room were driven! 
 ffoit their <^^bin9,' and fcarcely a man could lie diy in | 
 his bed. The fails in the fail-room alfo got wet, (bj 
 that, when the Weather became favourable to dry them, 
 wc found many much damaged, and a great cxpence of 
 canvas and of time became neccffary to make tficitl fer- 
 viccablc. As foon as we had fettled weather, the caulkers 1 
 were employed to repair thefe defects; but the Captain j 
 would not tnift them over the fidesof the Ihip while wc 
 were at fea ; being always n^Dre attentive to the pirefer- 
 vation of the health and !' < • >f his company, than to, 
 temporary inconveniences j:i.' itard(hips. 
 
 On Sunday, the ift of Sey- ember, in lortgittidc 27 
 dcg. 38 min. W. with a fine gale at 9. E. by S. wc; 
 crdicd the equator; and the afternoon was fpcnl in per- 
 forming the ridiculous ceremony of ducking thofe who 
 had not paflTed the line before; a cuftom we hive elfe- 
 whcre defcribed, and therefore think it fufficient juft to 
 mention it in this place. On the 8th wc obferved in 
 latitude 8 deg. 57 min. S. a little to the fouthward of 
 Cape AuguSine; on the coaft of Brazil r and con- 
 eluded, that we could not now be ferthcr off from the 
 continent than thirty leagues at moft, and, perhaps not 
 Ytiuch Icfs, as we had neither foundings, nor any other 
 ligtis of land. We held on our courle without any reu 
 markablc occurrence, till the 6th of 0<flober, bwing 
 SundUy, when, ifilatitudc35 deg. 15 min. S. and in 7 
 dcg. 45 min. V/. longitude, wc met with light airs and 
 caiiiis, alternately, for th/ec fucceflivc days. We had a 
 few days before occn vifited by albatroflcii, pintadoes, 
 aod other petrels, and we now faw three penguins: ih 
 confequcncc of which we founded^ but found no ground 
 No; 50. 
 
 I 
 
 with a line of 1 50 fathoms. We fliot a few birds, on 
 of which was a black petrel, about the fize o{, and 
 nearly rcfcnibling, a crow. C)n the 8th, in the even- 
 ing, a bird, which the failon call a noddy, fettled on our 
 rigging, and wai taken. It was larger than a common 
 Englim blackbird, and nearly of the fame colour, except 
 the upper part of the head, which is white. It is web- 
 footed, has black legs and a long black bill. It is faid 
 thefebirds never venture far from land, yet in our profent 
 latitudci we knew of none nearer than (jlough's or ttich> 
 mond iliand, which could not beat a lofsdiftance from 
 us than one hundred leagues: but as the Atlantic nceani 
 fouthward of this latitude, has been but little frequented, 
 there may pofRbly be more illaiids than we know of. 
 It is here to be obferved, that in the night, we fre- 
 quently faw the appearttncc of thofe marine luminoua 
 animals, mentioned and defcribed in captain Cook's firil 
 voyage. Mirty of theni were larger than any we had 
 before taken up, and fo numerous foinctimcs, that hun- 
 dreds were viliblc at the fame moment. The calm 
 weather was fuccecd&i by a frclh gale from the N. W. 
 which continued two days, after which we had variable 
 light airs for about 24 h^urs, when thtN. W. wind re- 
 turned with rtnewed ftrcngth. 
 
 On Thurfday the 1 7th, we canic irt fight of the Cape 
 of Good Hope ; and on the 1 8th anchored in Tabic 
 Bay, in four fathoms water. After having received th« 
 cuJlomary vidt from the mafter attendant and the fur« 
 gcon, captain Cook fent an officer to Haron Plettenbcrg; 
 the governor, and, on his return, wc faiuted the gnrrifon 
 with 13 guns,who paid us an equal cbmpliment. In the 
 bay we found two French Isa'll India (hips, the one but- 
 ward.and the other homeward bour^d. CJncofthe latter; 
 belonging to the fame nation, had parted from her cable, 
 and been ftranded aI)out three days before out- arrival. 
 The rrew w ere laved, but the lliip and cargo were plun- 
 dered and ftolcn by the inhabitants; in extenuation of 
 which difgraceful ad, the Dutch endcavoufed to lay 
 the whole blame on the French Captain, for not ap- 
 plying in time for a guard, a plea which cannot excul- 
 Cate them, when confidercd as a civilized ftatc. The 
 oat was now ordered out, and captain Cook, attended 
 by fomc of his ollicers, went on Hioiv. 'They waited on 
 the Governor, the Lieuten.mt-governor or the Fifcal; 
 and the Comriiandtr of the troops; by whom they were 
 received with the graatcfl civility. The Governor, in 
 particular, promifai us in the moft polite terms every 
 alTirtancc that the place aftordcd. iBeforo captain Cook 
 returned on board, he ordered brcid, meat, vegetable*, 
 &tc. to be provided every day for the (hip's company! 
 By this time onr numerous fubfcribers and readers may 
 be anxious to know what is become of our confort, the 
 Difcovery, whom we left at anchor, on the 1 2th of 
 July, in Plymouth Soimd. waitingforthe arrival of her 
 cortlmander, captain CIcrke. We (hall therefott, for 
 the information of our friends, rhake a trip to Plymouth, 
 and attend the Difcovery in her run to Table Bay. By 
 the latter end of July, this (hip being in readinefs, and 
 every thing necelTary got on board, captain Gierke gave 
 orders to prepare for lailing) irt confequence of which 
 On the tft of Auguft we weighed, wit^h all fails fet* 
 to join the Refolution, While our (hip was repairing; 
 it was obfervaUe, that, thofc who had never been erni 
 ployed on difcovery before, were itiore impatient to de- 
 part, than thsfewhd had already experienced the (evc- 
 ritics of a (butherrt navigation near and within the 
 pdlar circle. It was diverting enough to liften to the 
 ludicrous remarks of theft laft, on their frefl» water 
 brethren as they called them, whom they ventured to 
 forctel, would, like the Jews in the wildemcfs, be the (irft 
 to murmur and cry out for the leelcs and the onions of 
 Egypt! intimating thereby, that when thefe raw (aijors 
 cdtne among the iflands of ice in the frozen regions, to 
 feci the effedts of fcanty (are and hard duty, they would 
 then be the (irft to repent their impetuofity, and to (igh 
 for the beef and the beer of the land they were now To 
 deilrous to leave. 
 
 We proceeded with d briflt gale till the 7th ; when in 
 fight otCape Finiftcrre the clouds began to darken, and 
 the ocean tofwell, and to threaten by every appearance 
 
 iM 
 
 ■111 
 
 : > 3 
 
 
 
 
4"4 
 
 Oiph COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE: 
 
 
 1 . 
 
 I. 
 
 an approaching tcmpcft. Several (hip* were then in 
 iitlht, and wc could clearly difcern chat thev wcref>re* 
 paring as welt ai otirfelvet, tn meet the Rortn. For 
 twenty-four hours it blowtd and rained inceflandyi but 
 on the 9th a calm fucceeded, which however wu not of 
 Inna continuancei for in the evening of the fame day 
 it thundered, lightened, and the rain poured down in 
 torrent*. The drop* were fuch ai no experienced fca« 
 man on hoard had fcen the like. To prevent thecfTcCti 
 of the lightning, it was thought nccelTary to let fall the 
 chain from the maft-head) a precaution which captain 
 Clerke never omitted when there wai danger from the 
 accumulation of elcdhical matter in the atmofphcre to 
 be apprehended. On the 1 oth, feeing a (hip to wind- 
 ward bearing down very fa(t, and fuipcdting her to be 
 an American privateer, all hands were ordered toauur- 
 tcre, to be in rcadincf:i to engage. She proved to be a 
 Lilbon trader, who by the violence of tnc gale the day 
 before, had been driven many leagues to the welhiard of 
 her cotirfe, and was in fonic diftrcfs. Wc fpared her 
 thofc things of which (lie lloodmoft in need, and pur> 
 fued our voyage. Nothing remarkable happened till 
 the 1 8th, when the fliip's company were put to (hort al- 
 lowance of water, and the Hill wns worked to procure a 
 fupply of frcrti from the fca. 'I'liis was occa(ionall) 
 ulcd, aiulanfwcrcd very well for fome particular pur- 
 pofcs, but WHS ill rcliflicd by the failors tor boiling their 
 meat. 'I'hefc precautions were taken Id) the Rcrolii- 
 tion Ihould have left St. Jago, and the Difcovery might 
 be obliged to proceed to the Cape, without being able 
 to procure a ticlh fupply. On the 19th wecrolled the 
 Tropic of Cancer for the (ir(t time, and, on the 2 8ch, 
 came in (IghtofSt Jago, bearing N. W. diltant fcvcn 
 leagues. We bore away inftantly lor the bay, and at 
 eight in the morning made land. An oflicer was fint 
 ainorc with all fpccd to make enquiry, who brought 
 word back, that the Kcfolution had touched at tiiat 
 port; but had hnfl^ned her departure, as the rainy fea- 
 fon was approaching, and itwasunfafe to remain there 
 long during its continuance. I'he fame rcafons that 
 had induceid the Kefoluiion to proceed were doubly 
 prcHing upon us. It was now the time when the rainy 
 feafon prevails, though we had as yet obferved none of 
 its approaches. It is generally preceded by a (Irong 
 Ibutherly wind, and a great fwell. The fea comes roll- 
 ing on, and da(hing furioully again(t the rocky (hore, 
 caufes a frightful furt. Sometimes tornadoes or furious 
 whirlwinds arifc near the coaft.and greatly increafc the 
 danger. I'or this reafon, from the middle of Au^ft 
 till the month of November, Port Praya is but little 
 frequented. The officer was no (boner remrncd, and 
 the boat hoi(led on board, than we made fail with a gen- 
 tle breeze. 
 
 On the I (I of September a dreadful tempeft arofe, 
 by which we every moment expcded to befwallowcd up. 
 The thunder and lightning were not more alarming 
 than the Iheett of rain, w hic^ fell fo heavy as to en- 
 danger the finking of the (hip, and, at the i'ame time, 
 though in the open day, involved us in a cloud of 
 darknefs, than which nothing could be more horrible: 
 providentially the continuance of this temped was but 
 (hort : it began about nine in the morning, and before 
 noon the whole atmofphcre was perfcdiy ferenc, and 
 not a fpot nor a (hade to be fcen to nnark the place of 
 this elemental conflid. However in this (hort period, 
 our futferings nearly kept pace with our apprehen(ions, 
 having our main-top-gallant yard carried away in the 
 (lings, and the fail frittered in a thoufand pieces; the 
 jibandmiddleOay.fails torn clear off, and the (hip fo 
 , (trained as to make all hands to the pump neceliary. 
 The afternoon was employed in repairing the damages, 
 and discharging the water which had been (hippecfas 
 well from the heavens, as from the (ea. On the three 
 days following, the weather continued fquaily with ritin; 
 but as wc approached the line, a calm fucceeded, and 
 the (ky became fercne ; but with a hazincfs and languor, 
 t$ if the current of air, like water upon an eqiiipoife, 
 moved only by its own impulfe. Nothing could be 
 more tedious and difagreeab4e than this calm ; but for- 
 tunately it wu of (hort continuance. Scptenfber the 
 3 
 
 i J,*'^ eight in the nwming faw a fail, the rwbnd w« 
 had lecn lincc we palTcd Cape FiniAerre on the coaft of 
 Spftin. Wc wcttt at this time InicBi on lUhii^, and 
 having hooked a (haik of tn cnoftMMii fict, both offi. 
 cm and men %e^t cttoiged in getting him on board. 
 When he was cut up. there were iiryoungonet (bund in 
 his belly. Thefe were divided amonsthe oAicera.andonc 
 #88 drelTcd lor the great cabin, llic old one wu eaten 
 by the (hip'a cre^J »o whom ftt(h meet of ai^ kind 
 waa now become a dainty. The weather continuing 
 fine, the Captain ordered the great guns and flnall arma 
 to be cxcrcifed, the (hip to be fmoaked. end the bed- 
 ding to be aired. Thefe left articles, it may be once 
 for all necclTary to obTervc. were liever omitted during 
 the whole courfe of the voyage, when the weathef 
 would pemiit, and they are more particularly nc- 
 celTary in croDing the line, ai it has been obferved, that 
 the whole woodwork between decka, in thii low lati- 
 tuck, \i more apt to iKcome mouldy, and the iron to 
 rud, than in higher latitudes^ probably owing to that 
 lUiggidinefs in the air that has been already noticed^ 
 and tor which nature fecms to have providca a remedy 
 by the frequent tcmpeds and tornadoes, to which thu 
 lurc of the ocean is remarkably fubje^h 
 
 On the 1 7th, wc crofled the equator. The weather 
 being fquaily, the ufual ceremony of keel-hawling the 
 failors who had never crofled it before, waa oinuted. 
 On the loth the weather became moderate, when, upon 
 examination, the (larboard main-truflcUtrcc waa found 
 to be fprung. 'i his day Ca-orge Hartifon, corporal of 
 the marines, fitting carcld'sly un the bowfprit. and di- 
 verting himfelf with the fporting of the fiflKS, fell 
 overboard. He wat I'ccn to fall, and the fliip was in^ 
 (lantly hove to, and the boau got out with all polTiblc 
 expedition, but he w as never again feen to rife. Hia 
 Dutch cap wa:i taken up at the (hip's (Icrni and a* it 
 was known that he could fwim as well as any man on 
 board, the boats made a large circuit round the (hip, 
 in hopes to recover him, but in vain. It is remarkable, 
 that in Captain Cook's former voyage, Henry Smock, 
 one of the carpenter's mates, fltting on the fkuttle, fell 
 overba-ird about the fame place, and fliared the (ame 
 fate, lluth thefe were young men, fober, and ofgood 
 charadcrs. Their lufs was regretted by the oflteen. 
 and particularly fo by their comrades among the crew. 
 It is more than probable that both were inl^antly 
 fwallowed up by the (liarks that conilantly attend the 
 (hipa. 
 
 On the I ft of Auguft we caught a large (hark, 10 
 feet long, with fcvcral young dolphins in her belly. 
 Part of the entrails, w hen ck-anfed and drelTed, were 
 eaten in the great cabbin, and the bodv given to thofe 
 by whom it was caught. When fryed, it is tolerable 
 meat: but the fat is very loathfome. On the 15th, a 
 (torm arofe, accompanied with thunder and rain. As 
 it was not fo violent as thofe we had before ex|>enenccd, 
 it proved more acceptable than alarming, as it fupplied 
 the (hip's company with a good quantity of fre(h water, 
 which wc caught in blankets, or by other contrivances, 
 every one as he could. What was favcd by means of 
 the awnings was fet apart for the oiliccrs ufe. On 
 the ^oth it blew a hurricane, which obliged us to hand 
 the fails, and to lay to under bare poles. On the 3 jth 
 the dorm abated, and the (ky became clear. This day. 
 we obferved a (hi[^ to the fouthward, which, by her 
 courfe, we took for the Kefolution : we croudcd fail, 
 dood after, and foon came up with her. She proved 
 to be a Dutch advice boat, bound to the cape. On 
 the 28th, our people began to look Sot land ; and the 
 appearance of (ome birds which are known never to off 
 from (hor<, contirmcd them that the extremity of the 
 African coad was at no great didancc. Our adrono* 
 mer, however, was of a ditl'cicnt opinion, and the event 
 proved that he was right. 
 
 On the fird of October, when we had been at (ca 
 jud two months, without once fetting foot on land, 
 thofc who were unacciidomcd to long voyages, began 
 to put on a very di Ill-rent afpeifl to that they \voreat 
 hrlc fetting out. They were, indeed, fomcwhat com- 
 forted by the chearfulnefs and vivacity which they ob- 
 ferved 
 
tbOK's THIRD and LAST VOYAOE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 
 
 4'5 
 
 fcrvcd to prevail in almoft every countenance except 
 their own i from whence they concluded, (hat nmny 
 davi could not clapfe before the painful fcnfatiohi of a 
 foliury fca life would be rccornpcnrcd by the plcafure. 
 able enjoyment* they would find when they came on 
 lht)rc. On the 3d, wc obfcrved a nreat variety of fi(h 
 pnd fowl to accompany the ftiip, lomc of which wc 
 had not noticed Iwfore 1 and wc could not but remark 
 the differenccin thii refjKCk, between the wcHerncoafti 
 of the old continent, and the wcllcrn coalb of the 
 new, in the fame latitude*. No fooner had we croflcd 
 ihc Tropic of Cancer, than we were nntufed by the 
 fporting of the lillies, or more properlv, perhaps bv 
 tneir unremitting labonr in purfiiit of their doily food. 
 Flying fi(h are generally the lirft to attrat!t the notice of 
 thofc who never have been in thele fcas bclore, tt' d it 
 ii curious to attend to their niimbcrlefi windinj{i and 
 (hiftings to elude the attacks of the dolphins and bo- 
 nitos, their de< iiircd enemies. Whatever may be the 
 ■ dcfign of providence in the formation of thcfe creatures, 
 one cannot help confiderinj; their exigence as a ftate 
 of perpetual punilhment. While they remain in the 
 ^•ter their enemies are near, and though nature hat 
 
 ?(iven them the power to quit that element, and to Hy 
 or refuge to the open air, yet other nerfecutors arc 
 there alio in wait for them, no Ufs cruel tnan thofc they 
 have cfcapcd. Boobies, man of war birds, and other 
 lea-fowls, arc continually watching to make the flying- 
 filh their ptey, while the ravenous ftiarks arc no lefs 
 vigilant in making reprifalson the dolphins and bonitos. 
 "nlus a pallage through the tropical latitudes in this 
 fca, exhibits one continued fccne of warfare 1 while in 
 the other fca all is peace and uniform tranquility. 
 Thcfc rcHcctions occur naturally when the mind, un- 
 occupied with variety, i« dil'pofcd for contemplation. 
 On the 4th of November wc caught a fliark, leaving 
 one tyrant the Icfs to vex the oc can. On the 7th, at 
 fix in the morning, the man at the mart head callc-d 
 out land I and at eight we couUI ;\ll fee it involved in 
 amiftydoud. It proved to be Table I^nd, bearing 
 S. W. at the diflancc of about lo leagues, which in- 
 duced ui to change our courfe from E. S. E. to S. S. 
 W. On the lOth we entered Table Bay, and on the 
 nth came to an anchor in fix fathoms water, where, 
 toour great joy, we found the Kcfolution, on board of 
 which our jouriulirt rcimbarked, and thus continues the 
 kiftoryofner voyage. 
 
 On Tuefday the i'2d of Odobcr, we fixed our tents 
 and obfcrvatory i and on the 23d began 10 oblervc equal 
 altitudes of the fun, in order to difcovcr whether the 
 watch had altered its rate. The caulkers were now (it 
 to work, and Captain Cook had before concerted mca- 
 futm with Mcfi*. Brandt and Chiron for fupplying us 
 with fuch providons as were wanted : and as the feverai 
 articles for the refoluiion were got ready, Ihey were in.- 
 mediately conveyed aboard. The homeward bound 
 Fi'jnch ihip failed for Europe on Saturday the 26th, 
 and by her wc fent letters to England. On tiic day 
 f(>llowing the Haropftiirc Eaft Indiaman, from Ben- 
 roolen, anchored in the bay, and falutcd us with 13 
 }}uns, and we returned eleven. On the 31ft, it blew 
 cxceftivcly hard at S. £. and continued for three days ; 
 whereby all communication between the fhip and the 
 ihorc was cut otl'. The Refolution was the only fliip 
 ih the bay that rode out the gale, without dragging her 
 •nchori. The cfFeds were as fcnfibly felt on fliore ; 
 where the tents and obfcrvatory were dcftroycd, and 
 the artronomical quadrant narrowly efcaped irreparable 
 damage. 
 
 On Sunday the 3d of November tlie ftorm ceafcd j 
 and on the 6th, the Hampdiire failed for England, in 
 which Captain Cook feat hoate an invilid. Captain 
 Trimble would have received two or three more of our 
 crew, wlio were troubled with diftcrenc compla)n|S| but, 
 at this tinK, we entertained fome hopes of their health 
 being re-c(hbli(hcd. Monday the 1 1 th, the pifcovery 
 having anchored falutcd the garrifon with 13 gant, and 
 were anfwered by the fame number ; after which Cap- 
 tain Cook, with his principal officers and gentlemen 
 ■went onboard that Ihip, to welcome Captain Clcrkaon 
 
 hii arrival, tt being intimated that the bifcovcry 
 wanted caulkins. Captain Cook ordered all our work« 
 men on board her, and lent every other necefTary ifTif- 
 tance to expedite a fupply (if witer and provili«m«; 
 I'he bakers had omitted to bake the bread that had 
 been ordered fortheDifcovery, pretending they wanted 
 flour I but the truth waa, they did not chufe to begirt 
 till they faw her moored in the bay. Oh Capuirt 
 Clerke s landing thii day, he was met by the oificeri of 
 the garrifon, and the gentlemen bclongmg to the Eafl 
 India Company, who received him very politely, and 
 gave him a general invitation to fhare with them the 
 ciuertainmentt of the place. The fubordinate ofReera 
 were met by another claf* of inferior gentry, belonging 
 to the fame company : for almoft all the officers in the 
 
 Eay of the Dutch Company entertain (Grangers, and 
 oard them on moderate term*, from two Ihilling* a 
 day to live. Having by the governor'* pcrmilTion got 
 our cattle cm fliore, on the ni^ht of the 1 jth, fome dogs 
 broke into the pens, and, forcing the (Keep out, killed 
 four, and difpcrfed the rert. The number of our 
 Ihcep were lixteen, which were penned up, every night, 
 clofc to our tents 1 but a bull and tv/b cow*i with 
 their calvcsj were fent to graze along with fome other 
 cattle. 
 
 On the 14th, we recovered fix of our fheep, but 
 among thofc we mifled were two rams, and two of the 
 fineft ewes in the whole flock. Though the Dutch 
 frequently boaft of the police at the Cape, yet the Cap- 
 tain's fhceo evaded all the vigilance of the Fifcal's 
 officers and people. At length, after much trouble 
 and expence, by employing fome of the meaneft fcoun- 
 drels of the place, we recovered all but the two ewes. 
 One of the rams, however, was fo miferably torn by the 
 dogs, that we thought he could not live. Mf. Hemmy, 
 the lieutenant governor, very obligingly offered to make 
 up this lofs, by giving Captain Cook a Spanilh ram, 
 out of fome he had fent for from Lifbon ; but the captain 
 declined the oIKer, thinking it would equally anfwer 
 his purpofe to take with him fome of the cape rams j 
 in this, however, the captain was miflakcn. Mr. 
 Hcmmy had endeavoured to introduce European fheep 
 at the (. apci but all his attempts were fniftrated by the 
 obllinacy of the country people, who highly elteeni 
 their own breed, on account of their large tails, the fat 
 of which produces more money than the whole carcafi 
 bcfides. Indeed, the mort remarkable thing in the 
 Cape fheep • the length and thicknefsof their tails, 
 which weir . from 10 to 15 pounds. The fat is not 
 fo tallowilh as that of European mutton, and they ufe 
 it inflcad of butter. While we continued at the cape, 
 our commander had lain in a fuflficient flore of beef, 
 mutton, poultry, and greens, for prefcnt ufe, and had 
 contraded for a good quantity of falted beef, to fave 
 what we had brought from England, as the latter will 
 keep better than that which is lalted at the Cape; 
 What remained to be done, was chiefly to purchafe 
 live cattle for prefentt to the chiefs in the South Seal 
 likcwife live flock for the Ihip's ufej thefe ate always 
 tht^lartthingsprovided, becaufc it is found necefTary 
 to fhorten, as much as pofTible, their continuance on 
 board. Among the cattle purchafed, were four horfes 
 and mares of a delicate breed, for Omiah; feverai 
 bulls and cows of the buffaloe kind, as moro-iuitable to 
 the tro,)ical climates than any brought from Europej 
 likcwife fome African rams and cwes; dogs of the flic 
 kind, fome with and fome without puppies ; cats we 
 had plenty on board, and goats Captain Cook had pur- 
 chafed at St. Jago. Stored with thefe, the Refolution 
 refemblca the Ark, in w hich pairs of all the animals 
 that were to (lock the earth were colledtcd ; and with 
 their ptuvcnikr, they occupied no fmall part of the 
 fliip's rtowagc. V\'hile the rigger^, fail-makers, caul- 
 ker^ fmiths, coopers, and ftore-kecpers, were bufily 
 employed in their feverai ftations, the aftronomers were 
 not idle, nor the furgeons: the former were employed 
 in making obfervationsj the latter in attending the lick, 
 of whom there were not many, and thofc, on being car- 
 ried to the tents, very foon recovered. The diy foft air 
 of the Afritan mountains proved a reftorative fliperior 
 
 X0 
 
 .% 
 
♦•« 
 
 Capl. LOOK* VOYAGES C O M P I. E T K. 
 
 \'H> 
 
 to all the phyl'u- in the world. Of the efficacy of this 
 falubriout air, the Dutch liaft Indinmrn have cx|>c- 
 ricnce every voyage, both in Bping to aitd returning 
 frniii their rcttlrmrnii in Inaia. Uurinff the tinK 
 the Kclblution and Difcovrry lay in theMv, tMo of 
 their Ibip arrived full oC iiek foldiert, who had been 
 inliltcd in Hollami, and who were in a miferable ron- 
 dition both a* to health and want of common ncc^-lFa- 
 rict. They had been near Ave month* on their voyage 
 from Amfierdam, and had loft on the |Mflagc more 
 men tlinn the compieirvntaof both ourfliipi amounted 
 to, owing to naUinefa and clofe confmcmenl. it it re- 
 markable, obfervcd one of our gentlemen, that no fliipt 
 have the appearance of bt-JMa kept neater than thofe of 
 the I>itch ; nor any nwrc liovenly where they are not 
 expofcd to o|Kn view. 
 
 Nor inuft we omit here the account in the journal of 
 Mr. Anderfon, who, while the two fhipt were repairing 
 ibr the profccution of their voyage, made an excurlion, 
 to take a furvey of the neighbouring country. Mr. 
 Andcrfun, fiir^ton, relates their proceedings, in fub- 
 ftance, as follows: 
 
 In the forenoon of Saturday the i6th of November, 
 Mr. Anderfon, and live others, fet out in a waggon, to 
 take a view of the country. They croifcd a large plain 
 to the caftward of the town, which is entirely a white 
 fand, rcfembling that which is commonly found on 
 beaches. At five in the Afternoon they paflcd a large 
 farm-houfe, fomc corn-fields, and vineyards, (ituatcd 
 beyond the plain, nrar the toot of fome low hills, where 
 the foil appeared worth cultivating. At feveii they 
 arrived at Stellenbolh.a colony, in point of importance, 
 next to that of the cupe. I'he village ftands at the foot 
 of the range of lufty mountains, above iQ miles to the 
 eaftward of Cape Town, and confifts of about jo houfcs, 
 which are neat and clean: a rivulet, and the Ihcltcr of 
 fome larzc oaks, planted at its firft fettling, form a 
 rural prolpcdl in this dcfart country. There are fomc 
 thriving vineyards and orchards about the place, which 
 fecm to indicate an excellent foil, though perhaps 
 much may be owing to the uncommon ferchity of the 
 air. At this fcafon of the year, Mr. Anderfon could 
 iind but few plants in Howcr, and infcCh were very 
 icarcc. Having examined the foil, he found it to con- 
 lift of yellowiHi clay, mixed with a good deal of fand. 
 The fivles of the low brown liilU, fccnicd to be confti- 
 tutcd ot a kiml of ftonc marie. Mr. Anderfon and his 
 companions left Stellenboih the next morning, and 
 foon arrived at the houfe they had palTcd on Saturday j 
 Mr. Clocder, the owner of w hich, having fent them 
 an invitation to vilit him. This gentleman received 
 them with politencfs, and entertained them with hof- 
 pitality, in a manner very dift'erent from what was ex- 
 pelled. They were received with a band of mufic, 
 ivhich continued playii^ while they were at dinner; 
 a compliment, confidcring the lituation of the place, 
 wc thought elegant. In the afternoon they crofted 
 the country, ana pafled fome lar^c plantations, one of 
 which was laid out in a taftc difterent from thofe they 
 had fccn. In the evening they arrived at a farm houfe, 
 laid to be the firft in the cultivated trafl, called the 
 Pearl. Here they had a view of Drakenftein, the third 
 colony of this country, which contains fcveral little 
 farms or plantations. Infcdband plana were as fcarce 
 here as at Stellenbofti, but there was a greater plenty 
 of ftirubs,or fmall trees, naturally produced, than they 
 had before feen in the country. On Tuefday the 19th, 
 in the afternoon, they went to fee a remarkable large 
 ftone, called by the inhabitants, the Tower of Babylon, 
 or the Pearl Diamond. In the Phitofophical Tranfac- 
 tions is a letter from Mr. Anderfon to Sir John Pringle 
 dcfi:ribing this ftone. The account fent home from 
 the cape and read before the Royal Society is much the 
 fame with that here publiftied, but rather fuller. In 
 
 S articular, he tells Sir John, that he went to fee it at 
 (r. Maflbn's delire, who, probab^, had not had an 
 qpportunity of fuflficiently examining it himfelf. With 
 his letter to Sir John Pringle, Mr. Anderfon alfo fent 
 hon^e a fpecinnen of the rock : i( was examined by Sir 
 William Hamilton, whofe opinion is, that this fwgHlar, 
 
 immenfe fragment of granite, moft probahlv hat hrcn 
 raifetl by a volcanic explolion, or fome fuchiaufc. 
 This remarkable ftone, to ufe Mr. AnderTi)nS own 
 wonh, ill the paneri now before us, •• lies, or ftamis, 
 upon the toji of fome low hills, at the foot of which 
 our farm houfet was fitiiateil 1 and though the road to 
 it is neither very ftcep nor rugf^d, wr were ahove an 
 hour and a half in walking to it. It is of an ohiong 
 ftiape, roiindcd on the top, and lies nearly N. and .S, 
 The V. and W. tides are ftoep, and almoft perpendi. 
 cular. The fouth end is likiwife fteep, and itn grcatett 
 height is there 1 from whence it declines gently to the 
 North part, by which we afccmlcd to its top, and bad 
 a very extcniive piofiKc'l of the whole < ..iintry. Its 
 circumference, I think, muft Ik at Icaft h.ilf a milci 
 as it took us almvc half an hour to walk loiiml it, in- 
 cluding every allowance for the bad rond, and (lopping 
 a little. At its highcll part, which is the fouth end, 
 comparing it with a known object, it fecmi to equal 
 the ilonif of St. Paul's Church. It is one uninterrupted 
 mafs of ftonc, if we except fome fitruicj, or rather im- 
 prcllions, not more than tlirce or four feet dec p, and 
 a vein which runs acroit near its north end. It is of 
 that fort ol ftonc called Sitxiim c)iiglNiiii,itnm, and con- 
 lifts chiefly of pieces of conrfc quartz and glimmer, 
 held together by a clayey cement. But the vein which 
 crofTes it, though of the fame materials, is much com« 
 paiiter. This vein is not above a foot broad or thii k| 
 and its furface is cut into little fquat.s oroblnngn, dif.. 
 |x)fed obliquely, w hit h makes it look like t' c remains 
 of fome artificial work. Hut I could not oMcrvc whc- 
 thcr it penetrated far into the large rock, or was only 
 fuperficial. In dcfcending we t()und at its foot, a very 
 rich black mould: and on the fides of the hills fome 
 trees of a conliderable Hze, natives of the place, which 
 are a fpecies of the oica."— We cannot help thinking, 
 it is ftrange, that neither Kolbcn nor dc la Caillc flioukl 
 have thought the Tower of Babylon worthy of a par- 
 ticular delcription. The lc)rmcr only mentions it as a 
 high mountain : the latter contents himfclf with idling 
 us, that it is a low hillock, but the very accurate tir- 
 count given of this remarkable rock by Mr. Anderfon, 
 agrees with Mr. .Sonncrat'a, wlio was at the Cape of 
 Good Hope fo late as 1 7 S 1 . On the ^oth in the morn- 
 ing, the gentlemen fct out fn>m the Pearl, and, going 
 a difl^ciTnt road, Daticd thiou^rh an uncultivated coun- 
 try to the Ty};er Hills, where they fuwTomegood corn 
 fields. About noon they ftopped in a vallcv for rc- 
 freflimcnt, where they were plagued with a valt number 
 of mufquctocs; and, in the evening, arrived at the 
 Cape-Town, tired futlicicnily with the jolting of the 
 waggon. 
 
 A very uncommon incident happened during our 
 ftay at the Cape, which mighthave embroiled us with 
 the government there, had not the delinquent been 
 found out and punifticd. It was difcovcrcd that a 
 number of counterfeit fchellings, and double k'cys, 
 had been circulated, and fcveral of our people bad taken 
 them in exchange for gold. Complaint was made by 
 our officers againft the inhabitants, for taking the ttd-. 
 vanuge of the ignorance of ftrangers to impofe coUn- 
 tcrfeit money upon them, as it was not to be fuppofed 
 that they could oe judges of thegoodncfs of their coun- 
 try coin. On the other hand, the ihhabit.ints retorted 
 the charge, affirming that the bad money proceeded 
 from us. Each were warm in their allegations, alid 
 each were pofitivc in their opinions. It was not thouglit 
 pofTible, that any of our people could be prepared to 
 counterfeit Dutch money, and yet there had never been 
 an infhincc of counterfeit mon;y having been frtn at 
 the Cape before the arrival of our fhips at that port. 
 Thus the matter reftcd for fome time, till' One or the 
 Ihip's cooks, having obtained leave to go afhoie, made 
 himfclf drunk, and offered bafe money . in payment 
 for his liquor. Being detained, and notic<igiven to his. 
 commaiiding officer, he caufed hnn to be fearched, 
 when feveral other pieces of a bafe coin were foui)d 
 upon him; and on examining his cheft, (he implementt 
 were finind artfully concealed, by which he hgid been 
 eniUed to cany on the fraud. He was inftantlyde,. 
 
 liveretf 
 
COOK'S THIRD pflfl LAS I VOYAGE— lo the PACIIIC O'.'EAN. «ec. 
 
 4«7 
 
 • IWcrcil uu to the IXitch Oownmr. n tw iricti by the 
 hw* of tfw country where tl.c ownce had been com- 
 inittnli biK it not bring cinr, whether (he rrimc of 
 coining wm committed on (bore, or on board hi* Kru 
 ttni»teM«jefty'» Ihip. the Mi«i(h»cy very politely re- 
 lumed him. to be dealt wicA ai the Commander in 
 Chief fliould think proper i who Hot being vefted with 
 the power of life arid death in civil cafes, ordered him 
 to receive the difcipline of the thip, and to be fcnt 
 home in the Hampifliire Indiaman. Thus ended a very 
 critical tffair, of which there It, we believe, no inltance 
 uwm record. 
 
 On Saturday, the ijd of November, we got the ob. 
 ftrvatory clock, flee, on board. Pponi the retUk of k- 
 vcral calculations and obfervations, we had reafon to 
 conclude, that the watch, or time-piece, had performed 
 well all the way from England. On the 37th onkra 
 were given to prepare for failing ( and, fearing afeoHid 
 difafter. we got our ftictp and cattle on board as flift 
 as polTible. The caulkers had flnilhed their work on 
 board the Difcovery, and (he had received all her pio- 
 vifionsand water. Of the former, both (hipa had a 
 fufficient fupply for two years and upwards. A large 
 quantity of brer was purchafcd for the companies of 
 both fliips, at the onlv brewery that is publicly tole- 
 rated within the jurifdidkkm of the town. In Ihort, 
 there is not one nef Hlkry article relating to the repair- 
 Ing, providing, and vio^iialling of ftiippiiig. that ii not 
 to DC purchaled at the Cape M Good Hope, and that 
 too at vcrv rcafonablc prices. The wine at the Cape 
 has been thought dear, becaufe that of the choiceft vint- 
 tee is fcarce, and confined 10 a very fmall foot. Of 
 the real Con()aiKia, which is the wine fo much prized 
 in Europe, the \/hole plantation dou not perhaps pro- 
 duce inoce than forty pipes annually, though there may 
 be two or three hundml difpoTed of under that name. 
 The wine commdnly taken on board the (hipping for 
 theof!icen, is of a kind not unlike the Madeira, but of 
 an improved flavour, the vines here beins hiriily fub- 
 limedW the warmth ot the fun and the mynels of the 
 loil. On Thurfday the 38th, the Governor and prin- 
 cipal officers belonging to the company were entertained 
 on board the Relbiution, where they came to uke leave 
 
 of our Captain*, ■.. we rxpc^trd m fijl in « few d«v«, 
 •II our live dork bcin|^ pm{irrlv fee ured on bt»r<l, and 
 the rcpain of both ihipi being fully roinplcninl. ()n 
 the joth, captain Cook huvinu given to captain Clirke a 
 cony of his inltru^Hoas, and our letters having bctn 
 diipatchrd to our friends, wcquiitadour moorings, and 
 ncirt day came to an anchor in it iathmmwiiccr, Pen* 
 guin illand bearing N. b^ W. fix miles: hut bckn-e we 
 take our final departure, it may not beamili to obfcrvr, 
 that nothinu in nature can make a murr hnrriil appear- 
 ance than ine rugged mountains that form Table Bay. 
 One would almolt be tempted to think, that the Dutch 
 had ntade choice of the molt barren fptn upon earth,' 
 to (hew what may be cfTc^cd by Ikiw indufl ry, and con- 
 tinued perfeverancci for bcfides the craggy cliff's thae 
 
 render the open coumry almoft inaccedlble, the foil i« 
 (a (mdy and poor, that, eicept (bme vineyards, there 
 is fcarce a (hrub or a tree to be fc^n within any walking 
 diAancc from the place; infomuch, that the vail pre- 
 fbfion of all Ibrts of proviiions, as beef, mutton, poul- 
 try, flour, butter, chccfe, and every other necclTary; it 
 br Might from four to five and twenty days journey from 
 Cape Town, where the Governor and Company have 
 their rrfidence. litis town, as our readers may recol. 
 le^, wo have Ailly defcribed in our hidory at former 
 voyages, fo that little remains to he faid, or added iiir 
 this |Mrt of our work. The town is neatly built, and, 
 according to the natural taflc iind charaAer of the 
 Dutch, a» nratly kept in order. It has the advamago 
 of a fmiill rivulet, by means of which there are canalf 
 in all the principal Arects, on both (ides of which ar^ 
 
 Elanted rowi of itately oaks. The town is fituated be- 
 >w the mountains, and when feen from their fummits, 
 appears, with the gardens and plantations that run along 
 tnclhore exceedin^^ly pic^urefaue: nothing, indeed, can 
 be more romantic, nor any proipc^l more pleating to the 
 eye. At :!ve in the afternoon of this day, a brccte 
 fprung up at S. E. with which, as we obferved above, 
 we weighed, and (lood out of the bay, having faluted 
 the fort with eleven guns, which they rcturncdwith an 
 equal numbcrt at nine o'clock it fell calm, and we came 
 again to anchor. 
 
 '11 
 
 ■I, 
 
 
 C H A P. II. 
 
 made 
 
 Pajlageef the RefolutioHond Difnvery,firm the Cafe tf Goad Htpt, to Offi/lmas Harbour s in mhith Prince EJxarff 
 iflands are feen, and Kergueleu's land vifited— -Toe tvoojhipt arrive at ibe above harbour — Dt/eription tf it, and an ac- 
 touni tf occurrentes there-— Depart from thence, and explore Ibe eoaJl—Cape CkmierUind Bay, Point Pringle, Hmie'r 
 Portland, i^c. defcribed — Tbefbipsin dawer from fboals^ Arrive at Port Pallifer — Cape George defcribed— J^atural 
 bifloryof the animals, plants, foil, Vc. tf Kerguelen's land— Pipage from hence to f^an Dirmn's land, in which the Re- 
 folulion is damagediy afnddenfipuil—they atrive in AdvrntHre Bay — Incidents there— Various interviews with the na- 
 fives, and a defcripiion tf their perfons, drefs, manners, and cuftoms—Mr. Andtrforis remarks— Cmrft of the Re/blklion 
 and Diftmjtrj tt i^en Charlotte 4 Sound in New Zealand, where we anchored inour old ftalion. 
 
 DECEMBER the ill, 1776, at three o'clock A. M. 
 we weighed and put to fca. with a light breeze 
 at S. but did not g<et clnr of the land till the 3d in the 
 ihomiiw, when, with a frefh gale at W. N. W. we flood 
 to the & £. At this time we obferved that luminous 
 appearance about our (hip, which different navigators 
 have attributed to difllerent caufes,but which Dr. I^k- 
 lin has endeavoured to account for on the principles of 
 ele^city. About five in the afternoon, we met with 
 one of tnolb terrible gufls (b frequently experienced bv 
 inarinert in doubling the Cape of Good Hope, in which 
 ournnin-(ail was fplit, but (brtunately we received no 
 other dama^: the fouthcmmoA land now bdre S. by 
 E. diftantnine or ten leagues, both (hipi in company. 
 On Wcdnefday the 4th in the morning, it Uew a hur- 
 
 On the 6th, in the evening, being in latitude 39 deg. 
 14 min. $. and in sj deg. 56 min. E. longitude, we ob- 
 ,N9. 51. 
 
 fcrved fcveril fpots of water, of a reddilh hue. Upon' 
 examining fome of this water that was taken up, we 
 perceived a number of fniall animals, which ibe' mi. 
 crofcope difcovered to refemble cray-filh. We conti. 
 , nued to the S. E. followed by a mountainous Tea, which 
 occafioncd the (hip to roll exceedingly, and rendered 
 our cattle troublclome. Several goats, e^cially the 
 males, died, and Tome (hcep. On the 8th, the. weather 
 that had been cloudy and ooiflcrous ever firicc leaving 
 the Cape, became clear and moderate. In latitude 39 
 deg. <7 ipin. S. Mr King, our fecond mate, went on 
 board the Difcovery to compare the time-pieces. afA 
 found Qomateriltl Variation. On the toth, in latitude 
 41 deg;. 56 min. S. a dreadful ftorm came on, which 
 obliged both (hips to lie to that and the following night 
 under bare poles. Onthe ^iih in latitude 46 deg. 1 8 
 min. S. it began to fiww mi Ml, and the weather b«. 
 came intolerably colcFt MUmucb, that from a Tcorchina 
 heat which we felt artneQapc, the chai^pnM«ifo gieaf 
 that we were obligedto Cne <h| hatchways nkhc^- 
 5 N ■ , • vas.- 
 
 ■ft 
 
4i8 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M I' li E T E. 
 
 K - i 
 
 vat, to defend the men below at much at poflibic troin 
 the eflfe^i of the froO. Here the albatroflcs. and 
 other Tea birdi^ began to make their appearances and 
 foAs, and porpoifet were feen to fport about the fliipi, 
 which gave ut hopes of fgon approaching land. Thit 
 we difcovcred, having the appearance of two iflandt,,t>n 
 Thurfday the i ith at noon. That to the S. which is 
 the larged, we judged to be about i j leagues in circuit ; 
 ind to lie in latitude 46 deg. 53 min. §. longitude 37 
 deg. 46 min. E. The mod nonhcrly one is about 4 
 leagues in circuit; and in latitude 46 deg. 40 min; S. 
 longitude 38 deg. 8 min. £. The dillance from one to 
 the odier i« about five leagues. We paflcd through be. 
 (ween both itlands in a ver^ narrow channel ; and had 
 piercing cold, attended with fnow, with which the 
 iflands were lightly covered ; but neither tree nor Ihrub 
 were to be fcen with our bed glafles, nor any living 
 thing, except penguins and (bags, the former fo numcr^ 
 QUi that the rocks fcemed covered with them as with a 
 crull. The S. E. parts of thefe two iflands had a much 
 greater quantity of fnow on them than the rell, and the 
 
 S round that was not covered by it, from the various 
 lades it exhibited, may be fuppofed to be cloathed with 
 mof^iOr perhap.with fuch a coarfe long grafs as is found 
 in foine parts of Falkland's iflands. On the N. fide of 
 each of the iflands is a detached rock; that near the S. 
 one is (haped like a tower, and fcemed to be at ibme dif- 
 tance from the fliore. Thefe tw» iflands, and four 
 others more to the eafl, were difcovcred by the two 
 French navigators, Marion du Fre^ne, and Crozet, in 
 
 January 1773, on their pafTage from the Cape of Good 
 lope to the Philippine iflands. M. de Marion had 
 two fhips under his command, one the Mafcarin, cap- 
 tain Crozet, the other the Caflrie, capuin du Clefmurc. 
 They proceeded to the fouthern extremity of New 
 Holland, and from ilience to the Bay of Iflands in New 
 Zealand, where M.de Marion was killed with twenty- 
 eight of his men by the natives. He was obliged, hav- 
 inj; loft his mafts, to look out for new ones in this coun- 
 try; but when he had found trees fit for his purpofc, 
 nccelFity obliged him to cut a road three miles long 
 through the thickets, to bring them to the water fide. 
 While one party of his people were employed in this 
 fcrvice, another party was placed on an ifland in the 
 bay, tocleanfe thecafks, and fill them with water; and 
 a third was occaflonaHy fent on fhore to cut wood for 
 the fhip's ufe. Thus employed, they had been here 33 
 days upon the bcft terms with the natives, who freely 
 offered their women to the failors, when M. dc Marion, 
 not fufbetfling any treachery, went one morning, as was 
 his cuftom, to vifit the different parties that were at 
 work, without leaving word that he intended to come 
 back to thie fhips the lame day. Having cabled to Cbe 
 the waterers, he went next to the Hippah,a fortification 
 of the natives, where he commonly uted to flop in his 
 way to the carpenters, encamped in the woods, with M. 
 Crozet at their head, to diredt their operations. Here 
 he was fuddenly fet upon ; and, with his few attendants, 
 barbaroufly murdered ; as were the boats crew that car- 
 ried him on fhore. Next morning, the lieutenant who 
 comnunded 'on board, not knowing what had hap- 
 pened, fent a party to cut wood, and when eveiy one 
 was at work, the natives watched the opportunity to 
 fall upon them likeWife, and butchered every one, ex- 
 etpt a tingle failor, who ran for his life, and threw him- 
 felf, wounded, into the fea. Being feen from the fhips, 
 he was fpecdily uken on board, and gave. the general 
 alarm. Crozct's fituation in the woods, wttH his fmall 
 party, was now become moft critical. A corporal and 
 four marines were difpatched immediately to acquaint 
 him of his danger, while feveral boau attended to re- 
 ceive hit people, at a place where the fick had been 
 lodged in the tents, for the recovery of their health. 
 HedifpoTed every thing as well at the. time would per- 
 mit, and efTe^ed his retreat to the fea fide. Here he 
 found multitudes afTembled, drefled in their habits of 
 war, with fevtral chiefs at their head. Captain Crozet 
 cnitered the mariHes who attended him, to direct their 
 fii«, in cafe he found it necefTarytogive the word,ag^infl 
 ftich pfufons at he ihould point out. He then com- 
 
 4 • ■ ■' 
 
 nianded the carpcntctt and. cpnvak-fccnts to fUike the 
 tents, and :he fick 10 embark tirl^t with, their whole ap< 
 pantus, while he with the foldiers, fhould talk with tne 
 chief. This man iiwmediately told thciiw that M. Ma« 
 rion was killed by another chief; upon which icnptaini 
 Crozet feized a Hake, and, forcing it into the ^rwnAi; 
 nude figns that he fhould advance ho farther. Th& 
 countenance, with which thjii action was attended, 
 llartlcd the favagc, whofc timidity being obfcrved byr 
 Crozet, he inlifled on his commanding the ci^owd to fit 
 down, which was accordingly complied with. He now 
 paraded in front of the enemy till all his peopk were 
 cn1bark(d.t his foldiers wer< then ordered to toilaw,aod 
 himfelf was thc;lafl.who entered ^. Wit. , They had. 
 ! fcarce put off when the whole body of natives began 
 their fong of defiance, and difcharged their voljies of 
 floncs : however, a ftiot from the fhip foon dlifperfcd 
 then, aqd the company got all fafc on, board. Irrpm. 
 tWs time the natives began to be troublcfome, and made 
 feveral attempts to attack his people by fiirprjze. They 
 formed an attack againft tlie watering pai;ty in; the. 
 night, which, but for the vigilance of the guard, would 
 have been fatal to thcni : after which, they openly at- 
 tacked the fhips in more than a hundred large canoesi, 
 full of men, who had caufc fufficicnt to repent their 
 daring exploit^ having fcvcrely felt the dcflruUiy£;e|re<^ 
 of European arms. At length capuin Crozet, finding 
 it imfwllible to fupply the mips with mafhi, unlcfs he 
 could drive the enemy from his neighbourhood, made 
 an attack upon their Hippah, which they vainly boatled 
 was beyond his power to approach. He placed the car- 
 penters in the front, who, in an inflant. levelled their 
 pallifadocs with the ground ; then cut a breach through 
 the mound, and levelled the ditch, behind which their 
 warriors were ranged in great numbers on th'*Lr fight- 
 ing tlages. Into this breach a chief inftantly threw 
 himfelf; with his fpear in his hand. He was fhot dead 
 by a markfman, and immediately another chief occu- : 
 pied his place, flepping on the dead body. He like- 
 wife fell a vidim to bis intrepid courage and in the 
 fame manner eight warriors fucccflively dcfvnded.it,. 
 and bravely fell in this poft of honour. The refV, fee- 
 ing their leaders dead, took flight, and the French pur- 
 fued and killed numbers of them. Captain Crozet of- 
 fered fifty dollars tc any perfbn who fhituld take a New 
 Zealander alive, but this was found impiadticable. ' A 
 foldicr fcized an old man, and began to drag him to- 
 wards his Captain, but the favage, being difarmed, bit 
 into the flcfh^ part of his enemy's hano, the exquifitc 
 pain of which fo much enraged the foldier, that he ran 
 the fellow through with his bayonet. In the Hippah, 
 that had been tlormedL was found great quantities of 
 arms, tools, and cloathing, together with flore of dried 
 fifh and roots, which fisemedtobc intended for winter 
 provifion. Captain Crozet now compleated the repairs 
 of his fhip without interruption, and profecuted hi» 
 voyage after a flay of fixty four days in the Bay of 
 Iflands: from whence, after pafling through the wef- 
 tcrnpartof theSguthSea, he returned, by the Philip- 
 pines, to the Ifle of France. ' - 
 We cannot help remarking here, that tnere appears 
 fome inconfiflency in the above relation. It fecms ini- 
 probable, if Marion was murdered in the Hippah, 
 fituatedon the prominence of an inaccefliblc rock, that 
 the boat's crew below, who landed him, fhould not 
 make their cfcape ; and much more improbable, that 
 neither the leader nor his followers fhould be miffed, till 
 the woodmen were maflicrcd by the favagcs the next 
 day. Upon the whole, we arc rather inclined to 
 think, confidering the importance of the place, that 
 the loft might be fuflained by fair combat. M. Ma- 
 rion might nnd it necelTary for the fafety of hb people, 
 to drive the favagcs from their Hippah or Fort, which 
 is one of the flro^/^fl in New Zealand. In the opi. 
 nibn of capuin Cook, it is a place of great ttrcnmh. 
 in which a g^eat nuittber qf rctotute men may defend 
 themfelretagainft aUtheforqe, which apeople with no 
 other arms than thofe' that are therein ufe, could bring 
 againft it. Captain Crozet might, therefpre, think it 
 lels difhonourable to attribute the loTs bf ¥u general 
 
 and 
 
■!*»" 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAITVOYACErf-^^Ahe^ PACIFIC OCEAN, 8cc: 419 
 
 Q lUike the 
 ir whole ap- 
 Ik ui(h the 
 h^t M. Mar. 
 ich icnpujn 1 
 the tirpvmtij 
 rtbcr. The^ 
 attended, 
 obfcrvi-d by 
 crowst to fit 
 h. He now 
 people, were 
 » fallow, and 
 They had. 
 fives began 
 ;ir rVolJle* of 
 on oifperfrd 
 lard* Frptm. 
 le, »nd made 
 priM. They 
 J3i:iy in; the. 
 uard, would 
 openly at- 
 argc canoes, 
 repent their 
 ruCiiyc; cffe£t 
 ozct, fioiling 
 is, uniiTs he 
 rhood, made 
 ainly boalled 
 iced the car- 
 levelled their 
 each through 
 which their 
 I th'jjT fight- 
 tantly threw 
 vas Ihot dead 
 r chief occu- 
 r. Helike- 
 , and in the 
 defvnded.it*. 
 rhe reft, fee- . 
 French pyr- 
 in Ciozet of- 
 I take a New 
 idticable. ' A 
 Irag him to- 
 lifarmcd, bit 
 the exquifitc 
 , that he ran 
 the Hippah, 
 quantities of 
 tore of dried 
 d for winter 
 ed the repairs 
 rofccuted hi» 
 I the Bay of 
 gh the wef. 
 y the Philip- 
 
 tnere appeani 
 It feems ini- 
 the Hippah, 
 blc rock, that 
 , fliould not 
 irobable, that 
 be tnilfed, til! 
 iges the next 
 
 inclined to 
 le place, that 
 at. M. Ma- 
 if his people, 
 : Fort, which 
 
 In the opi. 
 ;reat ftrength, 
 I may derend 
 cople with no 
 , could bring 
 fftit, think it 
 >f1fu general 
 and 
 
 smd to many rtien, to the trtacheryi . rathe* than th« 
 Valour of the favagesj who, it i» acknowledged, de- 
 fended the place bravely. But to proceed. ^ 
 
 At the two iflands, between which we paflpd, have 
 He namet in the French chart of the foothem hemlfr 
 pherf, captain Cook named them Prince Edward's 
 Iflaftds, and the other tour Maritm'a and Croict** 
 iflands. We had now for the moft part ftrong gales 
 between die N. and W; and but very, indifferent wea- 
 ther; not better, indeed, than we generally have in 
 England in the very depth of winter, Ithfllighi i^i Was 
 now the Huddle of fumnWr iathishemifpbere.u Ia(«>iTt 
 fequence of the piercing cold, the captah>.ordered:thet 
 Jackets and titiwlcrs to be delivered flW, which, wjtH 
 the blankets, and other warm cloathitig, provided iby 
 theLoidsof the Admiralty aeairift the fevcrity of the 
 frozen climates, were found of infinite ufe in preferVing 
 the men in health, who were moft cxuofed 10 the aftioft 
 ofthefroft. Aft*r leaving Prince Edward's ifiands.wo 
 ftiaped our courfe to the & E. with a brilk ^c at W- 
 S. W. in order to pafs to the fouthward ot the four 
 others t and to get into the latitude of the landi difc*. 
 vered by M.de Keiguelen. Capuin Cook had re- 
 ceived inftruflions to examine th« ifland, and endea? 
 vour to difcoyer a good harbour, : 1 .wi 
 
 On Monday the i6th, in latitude^* d«e« 45 mm. and 
 in longitude 51 deg. E. we faW numbers of pepguinst 
 and rock- weed floating in the fea. On tha ivih the 
 fogs came on fo thick, that we could but juft di.C 
 cem objcfts cr the diftance of the ftiip's length j on 
 account of which fignals were appointed, and repeated 
 every half hoir. As we hourly expelled to fall in with 
 land, our navigation was both tedious and dangerous. 
 On the aift, we fawa very large feal.and a heavy ftorm 
 came oil. attended with fleet and heavy gufts of haiU 
 On Tuefday the a4th, at fix o'ck)ck, A. M. the f^ 
 clearing^ away a little, we faw Und, bearing S. S. E 
 which we afterwards found to be an ifland of confider- 
 able height, and about three leagues in circuit. Wc 
 foon after difcovcred another of equal magnitude, 
 about one league to the eaftvrard : and between tjiefc two 
 fome fmallcr ones. In the diredion of S. by E. another 
 high ifland was fcen. This we did but juft weather: 
 it was a high round rock, named Bligh's Cap. Our 
 commander fuppofcd this to be the Oime that M. de 
 Kerguelcn called the iflc of Rendezvous; but we know 
 of nothing that can rendezvous upon it bqt th? birds 
 of the air, for it is certainly inacccflible to every other 
 jinimal. The weather beginning to clear up, we 
 tacked, anu fleered in for the land; and at noon we de- 
 termined thelatitude of Bligh's Cap to be 48 dee. 29 
 min. S, longitude 68 dcg. 40 min. E. We paflcd it 
 at three o'clock, with a frcfli gale at W. (knding to the 
 S. S. E. Prefenriy after we uw the land of which wp 
 had a faint view in the momingi and at four o'clock, 
 extending from S. E. half E. anadiflant 4 niilesk The 
 left extreme, which we judged to be the northern point 
 of this land, called, in the French chart of the fouthern 
 hemifphere. Cape Francois, terminated in a high per- 
 pendicular rock, and the right one in a high indented 
 point, which, by iu appearance, feemed to be. what is 
 repreiented on Kerguelen'schart under the name of Cape 
 Aubert. U may Ik proper to obferve here, that all 
 that extent of coaft lying between Cape Louis and Cape 
 Franfois, of ivhich the French faw very little during 
 ;heir firil vifit in 1773, and may be called the N.:W. 
 fide of this land, they had it in ttwir power xo trace the 
 pofltionof ill 1773, and have afligned names to fome of 
 Its buys, rivers, and proHtontones. From this point 
 the coaft feemed to turn flwrt round to the fouthward; 
 tor wr could fee no land to the weft ward of the direc- 
 tion in which it now bore to. uf, but the iflands we \iad 
 tibCavei in the momi^, j^eiguelen'i ifle de Qugny.the 
 inoft fowtherly of them, lies nearly W. from the point, 
 fbewt two tr three leagues (liftai)^ Towards thcqtk^ 
 die of the land there anpean^. t»be an inlet; but '9a 
 our approaching it, wc urn it was only a bending on 
 thecoul; we tnnefbfchRNreub tugs round Cape Fnn- 
 (ois. Soon after, Umlopqi^ df tjhe Cape, in. tW di' 
 region of ^ i3 dcg. E. tpaatkgnifu jgoiat at a con. 
 
 flderdble diftwicei^lvr tiib t^^ii^ of theidoafirrom 
 tbft Cape wii»rroQie foutheHy. We alfo. defcried rocki 
 and idands'to the caftward of thfc above diteOionsi the 
 rooft:diflEiflC/i|>Ci which: ,^Mai, about ftveSiJeaguos .from 
 theCaM) jliayi|agg(t eff.this. webfaOitvedtht'tfoaft 
 tO'th^loMit^arA n«>N;b inwatedub^i pftims arid Ihiya^ 
 andi tiier(MrrirAlHy ntpuM »4m <( good hdrbdun. 
 W« foon difcffiwned oiwiMhiitd-the Cape, into (\>hich 
 wb began to ply* bwM ,preiently fell cajm, and wie an- 
 chored in 4^ fatbtfmt water, as the Difcbvery alfd 
 (M.rfoon after< MC- Ji^isK thei tnafterj was ordeced 
 tOii^Ml fb«; h«Ml>MiM who reported it to be &fc and 
 
 -ll6'}a.W«dn(efda«:*^,«#tJbjca«lt^ in die morning, we 
 wr^llBd. and, Wing WfdugHt . ihto the harfoouh 
 anoMind in eight &thoniftwat«t'.: b^tom a fine diirk 
 fyni. At.twq o'clockiP. Mi^e Difcovery got iii, 
 wh(vi aip^;/C|firkp i^ifonn^ :tu,v^: be rJiad with 
 4i(|cvlty! icffiaped! being , drivfcaittii 1 jthflc&'tiibirit of the 
 (urbquA/ hitranchorl)ayiBg ftiftedribefitfe heconld 
 flipif<pth«,4:able'.it (They wci««Vher«fdre«!(»MiBtd to feC 
 fail, and 'drag the anchor afteftheni, till ihey had nom 
 to heave it up^ when they perceived that bne of its 
 ppjms wa» broken. Ihttnediately after we had an- 
 c^oredi an the bo^tfi w^te 'ocdercd toi be hoifled but^ 
 and th? lennpty water caflis <tOi be got ready. Ih the 
 i|iQUV.tiiit« captain Cook landed, to ieai«:h;for a cdnve* 
 iiicnt|potwhcr«thev might be filled, and t6 dbfetve 
 what the place afforded; We found numbers ofpi:n- 
 guins, feals, and other fowls, on the ftiore. The feals 
 were not numerous, but fo infenfible of fear, that we 
 killed as many as fve choleii and flMdo ufe of their fat 
 and blubber to make oil for our lamps^. aitd.dthtl' pUr^ 
 pofcs. Frcfliwater was exceedingly plentiful; but not 
 a fingle tree or fluub was to be dilcovered. and but liiU 
 tie herbage of any kind ; though we had flattered our- 
 felves with the hope of meeting with fomething confi- 
 derable here, having obferved the fides of fortie of the 
 hills to be covered with a lively green. Before captain 
 Cook returned to the fliip, heaucendedaridgeofiocks, 
 rifing one above another, expeAing, by that means, to 
 obtain a view of the country ; but before he had reached 
 the top, fo thick a fo^ came on, that it Was with dif- 
 ficulty he could find his way down again. Towards the 
 evening we hauled the feine at the head of the harbour, 
 butcaught no more than half a dozen fnnall fifli ; nor had 
 we any Detter fuccefsthe next day, when we tried with 
 hook and line. Our only refource, thereforci for frefti 
 provifions, was birds, which were innumerable. C^ 
 Thurfday the a6th, the furf was rather inconvenient 
 for landing, and the weather rather foggy and rainy: 
 nevenhelos, we began to cut grafs for our cattle, and 
 to fill water; we found the former near the head of the 
 harbour, and the latter in a brook at the left comer of 
 the beach. The riyulets were fwelled to fuch a degree, 
 by the rain that fell, that the fides of the hills which 
 bounded the harbour, appeared to be covered with » 
 flxet of water: for the rain entered the fifluresand crags 
 of the hills, and was preci^iuted down their fides in 
 prodigious torrents. 
 
 The people h»ving laboured hard for two fucceflive 
 days, and nearly compleated our water, Capuin Cook 
 allowed them the 37th of December as a day of reft 
 to celebrate Chriftmas. In confequence of which 
 many of them went on fliore, and made excurflons int» 
 the country, which they found defolate in extreme. 
 Itconuined plenty of water, but no wood; was barrep, 
 and without inhabitants ; but thefliores abounded with 
 fifli, and the land with feals, fea4ions, ahd penguins. 
 In the evening one of them prefented a quart bottle 
 to the captain, which was found ort the north-fide of 
 the harbour, fiiftened with fome wiis to a projeding 
 rock. This bottle contained a piece of parchment, 
 with this infcriplion, " ltidivin\V. Galfitrm rege, 
 el d, (probably a contra^n,ef the word Dm/m) dt 
 Bynts rtfi a Semtii /id nt mmlimu amit 1773 tl 
 1713" From which it isevkknt, wcwew not the 
 firft Europeans who had vifitcd this hafboor. Captain 
 Cook^fuppofes it ta have been left by M. de Boitoie- 
 I hcnneu, who went on fbon the »3th of February, 1 773, 
 ; the 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 :ir 
 
 
 
 i ! 
 
 IfeHil 
 

 .Cipdocc m'iKm.'it-itWrm-YAh/Cf^si o o Mi r^lie t b. 
 
 ! 
 
 
 bat the capniitiiMppiiln ta b» lbv!<MMiiHMIik4Mi' Mr 
 hiMr.cankl Mi ileMiftileheiMM. hv th» bU g lm i fto of 
 
 ihnfcAbii «F>ttc «exrii«ii<» ffttlMiw'fcfe MM'ai^ 
 nMilculan tmnr{ rMo'Ml Whii dlMli tMi^ liilW iafbur' 
 niibik^ijterwlt fiMf1i(«d»«M««i iMllbiUMtaPMlP tiMI 
 •r ^r ulrinibrrtigtksbw i faalaiiry ' edi w iUlt h . 'fttVtley 
 Cfloy anj oneVptpjiiM, <i»t' ftdw i i iwit ea ligy t " IiMtoHaxaPi 
 fuficr erron to' (Mfi'uMcMMAad^ 'Mi de Ke^clemrlv 
 DoMtaant in thtflFitnefti fdMi^ M th« tflAiUMhiltty 
 hM Aitw^Weni ktei^ ihelLir FbMi^l Mb luf^MW 
 Ventre. He failed from the Mauritiiu abiMt'tlM'lMitt*' 
 md «f 1771. aiiAdri tUtiifitil^f JlfAlitt^MlMlW'ftf- 
 coveitdthctwo iflRndidf«*kich'Wtf4T<h«* rdSblii|^' 
 and to which hirgin# thi WMMolltMe likw 4*f Pomtne; 
 Soon aftorM. dk KtiiguMin ftvlttid, w^kit fkid. bf » 
 ikmfidcffcbM hrig|ht.>ahd «a8tntii tijMiri ^«itoh; he Hfkt 
 
 td«Nmdl Hl«t«cMtiu««(»t«eiMhc»niiti^.Nfj'dvitoi 
 AlIoM^UvriN GiiM<VtM>«. fcuiM aM^i ti»'#M<!h M 
 oxve: n;: /hipll hainei>aAd>a»diefedl hi« yawlM tifc^ pod 
 ftflion. In rile nwair time; M. de KtHi^fen being 
 drivefi to ktcwaid, and'-nniM^ affihi to recover "hi« 
 AmUih both MmM RdWlMSd otv boMl ihtf iGrot VeAVMij 
 and the cutter Mirtafhed adHft «M acdMiM>Arih^ hM 
 mathisn Mi KngMUff miiiited tttJ tttf Maui9(!)Mi 
 andM. de 8t/AAofiani'^oitUnuedfbr>tht«ld^totakiii 
 the beariqet of this land'; and doubled itsnonherri 
 extremi^ beyond «Mch it trendtd to the (budv^ift. 
 wank He iot&ei it fat the fpaceof M Ibigues, but 
 findim itihiKh>aiiil4«^cfliblei he flu^his cOurTe to 
 New HotUiQ. and ft^nv thcHcie returned by the ihtf 
 of Timor 4itd Bituviag tbthe Ifle of France, where he 
 dUed. M. de KergUt<'lcnM'd»kfterWBrda promoted to 
 the command of a 64 gun- (hip, called the Rolhmd, 
 with the frigate L'Oifeau, who were fent out in order 
 toperfeft the difcoveryof thit pKtended land. 
 i FromtheaccoontaofM. Kciguden'ifecendviya^ 
 ve Icam, that they arrived on the wcA-ifide of tftij 
 ifland. on the 14th of December, 17S3 1 that, fteerirtg 
 to the N. E. they difcovered, on the i6th, the Ifle de 
 Reunion^ and other fittall iflbuidt; that, on the t7th, 
 they IukI before them the principal land, (which they 
 wete fure was connefied wirii'that leen bythemon 
 the [4th,) and a hirii point of land, named by' them 
 Cape Franfois ; thatMyoAd thU cape, the coaft took a 
 fouth-caflerty diiedUont and behiiid it they found a 
 VAf called by them Baic de L'Oiftau, from the name 
 of their frigate 1 that, tiicy then endeavoured to enter 
 it, but wero prevented t^ contrary winds and btowing 
 weather, which drove them oflTthc coaft eaftward ; but 
 that, at laft, on the 6th of January, M. de Rofnevct, 
 eapoiinofthe OiicaUi was able to fend hisboat on 
 Ihore in thisbky, under thecommand'of M. de Roche- 
 
 Ede^ one of his officcn, *■ who took poffeflion of that 
 y, and of all the countnr. in the name of the king of 
 li'tanee.with all the rcouinte formaiitiet." Hence then 
 we trader hf tfie mMV uhckcntionable evklence. the 
 hidory of the txvttle and the infcription t die leaving of 
 which was, no dtoiibr, dtt of the fcquifite formaiitiet 
 Obfeivcd by M. de RooheBude on tiria occafion. And 
 thotarii be did not Itod tul the 6th of Janua^, 1774, 
 yetaaKtigiKicn'aftlp* aiVived upon the coaft on the 
 14th of Oettinber, 17^ and had diicovet«d«id ktok< 
 ed into thit very bay ^on dw tTth of that ttlfAth, ft 
 with die:*riae* OMbrictV and tMth thtt iffj i^ 
 1 774 was laewt i Awa «• the date orthe mm^. 
 
 tot 
 
 We nuy ' 0B«r fiUitjr cwkbide Haiti Aw idwMrtfMfrti^ 
 
 Iw^tharCiiptair 
 
 fiom#aik-oril 
 
 mm cwKiMae wn 
 liAGOok^BrauMk 
 l ii WHMa iiBiH ■uai 
 
 Itefi^MnAlkMi ^nlA| 
 
 nuke vm odier. ' liel Mw l "iioidea thai iW'IlMiik' Mil 
 vi«ted thi« had * fcMM^i aMi Mdiitfeliio (M 
 iMCeiliVortfyii^l^^MODMwdat* 4ktt lii fk¥Vlm 
 
 m. to WMiifc MMHtf or tiid#pMeiK(%iL> 
 
 Ae nmfbundl a OMfirtAM lrMclt%«/whD h«v« bm 
 better mSmK4ikm09»f emtimfi hOaamtjmm 
 
 mt miik dDrfttrtnndri; tiMR (hMe iflandrwc now ftllia 
 wMhaM)ie4mediftovefedhyKemtalca: but that M^ 
 Keiguelenev(j^fiiwagi«aC€OUntryi,^h aahepretetadsw 
 hafV«Terfni<iN(onttar iholb Mand*»^i»vtiy pmbleiHfatitfal. 
 llhcKiire^'iiAdeedv nUmbeiiefr iflands ibii^ feaMeraAi 
 i«iiiM«iaKne(l>bUundicrs beeani bMt there. ai« Jione lb, 
 ftifieriOFto dholeaiready discovered in riches andOtdliUj 
 vdion, gstb bt'wOMbchsi feuch, will fokrceiy admit a 
 queAion^ Wb' now think it time to ictum ttt the.hi£> 
 ttur-of our-«o)i«ge. 
 
 ' CajptailnCMtk,: at * meiiairiiti of oonhawiigsJiecAi 
 iff'rtnalMiboM^iJwwtri oh^risrothcrlide tf itha paclkr. 
 nifM'thitexwoKkit 9■'NiAh•lij|UHt^l^e^'.■^fi:tanyv^i 
 
 •< Tko4hJpt R«folUtlon.'andi)ifcQfrery,bcioogii« tb the 
 kingtof QratBrithhb In'thnmonkh'af I)ccember, 
 h^MK'fjte," Hetbcn putdieparohmcafe lagkininto. 
 ihe bottM,'acbam9mtU widva (iii«wi:Mo»penny pieoe: 
 of 17^, covcViKK; >itk moUHv aiitk a ikaden cap, , isiA> 
 piked it ch^ iKKt- momiiil iin arpiioof Aoncib ctt&ed* 
 for ithati purpofr on' an>^>iiMeift:c< Keav .thO place wheriC 
 it wla*> fiift found. Hettwe difphiyed thr Britifh Oig^i 
 and fMMned'the place Ghriftmas HMboUr, fie being on 
 thafefefllival we arrived in it. It ii the iirftiniN we 
 meet with on the S. £» ftde : of Cqpe Fnuifoia, <whicl» 
 fennlithe mith ttde of the! haibokr, andns the iWrtfaem 
 poimorihit4andi-'Tb«<huktkmlbfficiendydiftiiuuiAc8 
 IT ifiom lany^of ihe other tnletir|, Mid, which u ftiil 
 m^ remarkable, its foulh point termihares in a hi^ 
 rack, perforated quite thra^, and forming an ap* 
 pcaranee like the arch of « bridge. If there could be 
 thrleaftdoubtrcmaiitingofdie Kbhtityof <he Buie de 
 rOi(eau,and>€hrMMasliafbeup, (his pmtioularofrhel 
 perfoiated nick, which, in> the account of jKetgudkn's 
 Iccond voyage, is dompared to an > awhed ffatmay, 
 webld amount to a tkn& demonftriition t and u is very' 
 fttis&dory to find'thetwo navigators, neither of whom 
 knew any thing of ilie other's de(criptiah|. adopting 
 the fame idea, which Moth proves, tnactbey had the 
 ftme uncommon objeA before their eyes, and that thcf 
 made an accurate report. The harbour has-ancihar. 
 mail: within, being a iingle (lone or nck< of a va(fc 
 fize. Which lies on the top of a hill, on the fouth-fide^ 
 near ia bottom t and oppofitethis, on the north fide io 
 anodier hill, fmallef^ but much Hke it. Atdicbottom 
 of this it a' fmalt beach 'Where we commonly landed 3 
 behind !it it fome gcntfy rifing BTOund; whereon is » 
 pool of: A«(h water. Chi both fides of the inlet, the 
 land is high. The itiltt rata in W. and W. N. W. 
 two miles: its breadth, for more than half iu length, 
 is one mile and a quarter; above which it is only half 
 a' milel' The (horcs are ftcep. The depth of water, 
 wMch it 4^ fathoms at the emrance, varies from 30, 
 and if you proceed farther in, to (bur and five fathoms. 
 The bottom is every where a (ine dark fand, except in 
 (bme phcet near to th^ (hore, where are iMda of <ea> 
 weed, which alwiiys grows en rocky ground. Tho 
 held of the harbour lies open only to two points of the 
 (6rH|Mfs; and even thefe are covered by ifland* iit the 
 c^ng, fo dtat no lea can Ml in to hui« a Ihlp. Ap. 
 pcatanceton Owreo^nArMedthi*! fkrwelbundgnrs 
 giDWtitt dbfe to high water M^i' which h a liire 
 tenOf i palcifkr htebour . Captain Cook, atioompanied 
 by MV. King, went Uttnt 'Oipe; FiMifois. expedine, 
 ftofo this etevatktn,' CD mfo had a view of tne M^coaft, 
 ahil the ifland» lyinjg',«rir kt but th^ fiuind-eVery dif- 
 taMob)^ belON <MeM Mdtiii af(». TheJand on * 
 tMtitm thetti, <or olP i gMter Might, was viflUe 
 teliMgh. and ^dieatedcMiMSngty naked and delbhtei 
 excepclbMie hub to the^hwjUd. which weic coveted 
 
 with nMMf* 
 
 ^ ' We itm ttOi fMOii on' boaii In npaiting «uf 
 iftjdkti^ piittdMirff the tt«w of th«> DUbovciy, ivho 
 HfiriaS^lludriii the AeoHiiM IqttiUt^ wMi which 
 lii'lMliCcil' hiMaflUI><!^«^ fiom 
 
 tKk'Qme: it MeHMMMM^iMr%liiowcte oti'lhoni 
 iMiiiw left ^atbBf^ai^l*^ M ftpptying the Ihipa 
 iritik>inf^. M^ti* ct«M «rM fl^^MMflOMi w^^ 
 
 even 
 
...U- ' LI . 
 
 enow All ift 
 
 UttlMtMUlb 
 
 eprttebdstO) 
 oblanlitiAl. 
 
 lljr fiDMMONili 
 
 aMJiQiicibi 
 IS tM dvlnh-i 
 cdy admlc li 
 nttithciiiC. 
 
 lawirtgtteciU 
 i'thfl pArclWi 
 Di/itanyndtt 
 
 dgiag tb'the 
 'l)ccember,' 
 feiagkiainco. 
 pamypitst: 
 :a''f»p,.4iidi 
 iic% ci«Aed) 
 place wtene 
 Briti(hSa||^> 
 lit being on 
 firft inliit we 
 ifoia, iwhicb 
 theMrHum 
 diftiaguiflUa 
 rhichu.ftUl 
 es in a high! 
 ling an ap* 
 ere could be 
 ^<he Biie de 
 ioularofrhd 
 'jKeigudlen'ai 
 ed J|»eway» 
 ad u is very 
 herofwhortt 
 m^ adopting 
 tbey had the 
 tndthatthcf 
 has -ancihar. 
 :k, ofa vaft 
 « fouth-fide^ 
 north fidti* 
 Lt thcbottom 
 onlf landed s 
 ivhereoki is » 
 Jk inlet, the 
 d W. N. W. 
 If iu length, 
 is only half 
 th of water, 
 riesfronn 30, 
 five fathoms, 
 id, except in 
 bed*«r lea- 
 [Hind. Th» 
 points of the 
 lands in ihe 
 ifliln. Ap. 
 efbdndgnfr 
 oh is a fiire 
 usoomponicd 
 I. expoftine, 
 the iea<.coaff, 
 nd' cVew dif- 
 he-ltM on* 
 , was viflUe 
 and deffl)iat»i 
 MWRoovered 
 
 ■pairing mu 
 Stovety, who 
 i- with which 
 fiatatttnm 
 ^MeWlhor* 
 iii|{ the lhi|ia 
 noMjj which 
 kftWl yet IP 
 
 tVfll 
 
— t UH.MH IT-i** 
 
 rrw 
 
 m 
 
 ^ar 
 
 
 ;!i<^T 
 
 <.. - ;Hi 
 
 
 
 
 ■5il»:*| 
 
 ■I 
 
 •'A i"' 
 
 
 . i.. ^ — J- 
 
Tr?~:~; 
 
 iyN|T;i)v; 
 
 
 ■«:v-^vr 
 
 
 COOK'S THIRD ind LAST VbYAGE'-To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 431 
 
 
 
 •.r. 
 
 
 . 4*ia 
 
 even feali, penguins and feii-fowl, were nek iinfaToury 
 nieat. When Chriftmat wu proclaimea, a double 
 quantity of grog was Icrved out to each comhion man; 
 and a cenain proportion of wine and fpirits to every 
 petty officer: leave was likewife given to fuch as were 
 ailing, to so on (htore for the benefit of the air ; and the 
 officcri of Mth fhips reciprocally met in compliment 
 to each otheri paft dangers were fot;^otteh, dnd the day 
 wai (pent by the common Tailors with is hiuch mirth 
 and unconcern, as if Cifely moored ill Pottrmouth* 
 harbour. 
 
 On Sunday the 39th, we failed, aiid took Icivc of 
 this iiland. which Capuin Clerke found by obfervation 
 to lie in lat. 49 dcg. 30 min. S. and in 78 deg. 10 min. 
 R longitude. We now purfued our courfc for Vaii 
 Dicmen's land, and having no difcoverics in view, 
 took ei^ry advantage of the weather to carry fail. 
 
 Mr. Anderfon, who, during the fliort time we lay in 
 Chriftmas Harbour, loft no time nor opportunity lor 
 examining the country, in every dirciflion, baa favoured 
 us with the following obfervations. No place (fays he) 
 hitherto dilcovered, in either hemifphcrc, anords fo 
 ftanty a field for the naturalift as this barren fpot. 
 Some verdure, indeed, appeared, when at a fmall dif-> 
 tance from the flu>re, which might raifc the expectation 
 of meeting with a litde herbage ; but all this lively |p. 
 pearance wasoccafioncd by one fmall plant, refcmbhng 
 Kxifrage, which grew up the hills in large fpreading 
 tufts, or a kind of rotten turf, which, if dried, might 
 ferve for fuel, and was the only thing feen here, tnat 
 could poflibly be applied to that purpofe. Another 
 plant, which grew to near the height of two feet, was 
 pretty plentifully fcattercd about the boggy declivities; 
 u had the appearance of a fmall cabbage when it has 
 fhot into feeds. It had the watery acrid ufte of the 
 antifcorbucic plants, though it materially diflercd from 
 the whole tribe. When eaten raw, it was not unlike 
 the New Zealand fcurvy.grafs ; but, when boiled, it 
 acquired a rank flavour. At this time, none of its feeds 
 were ripe enough to be brought home, and introduced 
 into our Englim eardens. Near the brooks and boggy 
 placps were found two other fmall plants, which were 
 eaten as fallad ; the one like garden creflcs, very hot : 
 and the other very mild : the latter is a curiofity. hav- 
 ing not only male and female, but alfo androgynous 
 !>laRts. SomecoarTe grafs grew pretty plentifully in a 
 lew fmall fpots near the harbour, which was cut down 
 for our cattle. In fliort the whole catalogue of plants 
 did not exceed eighteen, including a beautiful fpecies 
 of lichen, and feveral fortt of mofs. Nor was there 
 the appearance of a tree or (hrub in the whole country. 
 ' Among the animals, the moft confiderable were feais, 
 which were diftinguiflied by the name of fea-bcars ; 
 being the fort thu are called the urfine feal. They 
 come on (bote to repofo and breed. At that time they 
 were (bedding their hair, and fo remarkably tame, that 
 there was no difficulty in killing them. No other 
 quadruped was feen; but a great number of oceanic 
 birds, as ducks, (hags, petrels, &c. The ducks were 
 fomewhat like a widgeon, both in fize and figure : a 
 con(iderable number of them were killed and eaten : 
 they were excellent food, and had not theleaft fi(hy 
 t4(le. The cape petrel, the fmall blue one, and the 
 fmall black one, or Mother Carey's chicken> were not 
 in plenty here ; but another fort, which is the largeft of 
 the petrels, and called by feamen, Mother Carey's goofo, 
 ii found in abundance. This petrel is as large as an 
 albatrofs, and is carnivorous, feeding on the dead car- 
 <:afre« of fcjtls, birds, &c. The greateft number of 
 ■ birds here are penguins, which contift of three forts. 
 The head of tne brgeft is black, the upper part of 
 the body of a leaden grey, the under part white, and 
 rhc feet black: two broad ftripes of fine yellow^efcend 
 from the head to the breaftt the bill ii of a reddilh 
 colour, and longer than in the other forts. The fecond 
 fort is about haJf the fixe of the former. It is of a dark 
 grey on the upper part of the body, and has a white 
 fpot«n the upper[nrt of the head. The bill and feet 
 are yellowi(b. in the.thiid fort, the upper part of the 
 body and thrc^it are Mack, the reft wlute, except the 
 No. SI. M 
 
 top of the head, which is ornamented with a fine yellow 
 arch, which it can eredl 9s two crefts. • The (hags hel« 
 are of two farts 1 the laficr corvorant, or water-crow, 
 and another with a blackifti back and a white belly; 
 The fra-fwallow. the tenii the common fea-gull, and 
 the Port Egmont hen, were alfo fbund here. Alfo 
 large flocks of a fingular kind of white bird flew about, 
 having the bafe oJ,the bill covered with a horny cruft. 
 It had a black bill and white feet, was fomewhat target 
 than a pigeon, and the fle(h tafted like that of a duck4 
 We hauled the fcine once, when we found a few fi(h 
 about the fize of a fmall haddock. The only (hell-flfl» 
 we faw were a few limpets and mufcles. 
 
 Many of the hills, notwithftanding they were of a 
 moderate height, were at that time coveretl with fnow, 
 though anfwering to our June. It is reafonable to 
 imagine that rain ttiuft be very frequent here, as well 
 from the marks of large torrents having rulhcd down, 
 as from the appearance of the country, which even on 
 the hills, was a continued bog or fwamp. The roclU 
 donfift principally of a dark blue and very hard ftone» 
 intermixed with particles of glimmer. Someconfidenu 
 ble rocks were alfo formed here from a browni(h brittle 
 ftone. Thefe are the remarks of the ingenious Mr. 
 Anderfon, Cajptain Cook's Girgeon. • 
 
 Having failed out of ChriftinaS Harbour, we fteered 
 S. E. along the coaft with a fine breeze and clear 
 weather. This was unexpedled, as, for feme time 
 paft, fogs had prevailed more or lefs everyday. Though 
 we kept the line conftantly going, we feldom ftruck 
 ground with a line of 60 fathom. At eight o'clock, 
 A. M. we were off a promontory, which was named 
 Cape Cumberland. ' It lies a league and a halffron* 
 the fouth point of Chriftinas Harbours between them 
 is a good bay. Off Cape Cumberland is a fmall ifland, 
 on the fuminit of which is a rock refcmblipg a fentry- 
 box, Mhich name was given to th,e iiland oil that ac- 
 count. Some fmall iflands and rocks, with brokert 
 ground around them, lie two miles farther to the eaft- 
 ward; between which and Sentry-box Ifland we failed, 
 the breadth of the channel being full a mile. We found 
 no bottom with 40 fathoms line. When through this 
 channel, wc faw. on the fouth fide of Cape Cumber- 
 land, a bay. running in three leagues to the weftwatd. 
 It is formed by this cape to the north, and by a bio. 
 montory to the fouth, which was named Point ftin- 
 
 fle, as a comjpliment from our capuin to Sir John 
 ringle, Prefident of the Royal Society. The bottom 
 of this bay we called Cumberland Bay. The coaft, to 
 the fouthward of Point Pringle, forms a fifth bay, 
 which we called White Bay, wherein are feveial lelTel! 
 bays or coves, which feemed to be (hcltered from all 
 winds. OflT the fouth point, feveral rocks raife their 
 heads above water, and probably there are many others 
 that do not. Thus far our courfe was in a diicdion 
 parallel to the coaft, and not more than two miles fh)m 
 it J and the country* had the fame fterile and naked 
 afpeift as in the neighbourhood of Chriftmas Harbour. 
 The land which firft opened off Cape Fran$ois, in the 
 diredion of fouth 53 deg. E. we had kept on our lar- 
 board-bow, thinking it was an ifland, with a paflage 
 between that and the main; but we found it to be 
 a peninfula, joined to the reft of the coaft by a low 
 ifthmus. The bay. formed by this peninfula, we called 
 Repulfe Bay ; and the northern point of the peninfula 
 was named Howe's Foreland, in honour of Lord Howe. 
 Drawing near it we obferved fome rocks and breakers, 
 not far from the N. W. part, and two iflahds to (jie 
 eaftward of it, which, at firft, appeared as ohe. Wc 
 fteered between them. and the Foreland, and, by. noon, 
 were in the middle of the channel. " The Jand <rf this 
 Foreland or peninfula is of a tolerable height, and of 
 a Jiilly and rocky fubfVance. The coaft i« lowi almoft 
 covered with (ea-birds ; and we perceived fome feab 
 upon the beaches. 
 
 Having cleared the rocks and iflands before meiv- 
 tioned, wcfaw the whole.fea before us to be chequenifl 
 with large beds of rock weed, which was &ft to the 
 bottom. There is often found a great depth pf water 
 upon fuch ftioais, and rocks have, JM oftCD, ni£fd 
 
 M 
 
 ■m 
 
 :'!B. 
 
432 
 
 Cjpt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 m 
 
 '■i 
 
 ij 
 
 tiieir headi almoft to the furfacc of the water. It is 
 always dangerous to fail over thetn, efpccially when 
 there is no (urge of the fea to difcover the danger. We 
 endeavoured to avoid the rocks, by (leering through the 
 winding channels by which tney wore feparated. 
 Though the lead wu continually going, we never 
 ftruck ground with a line of fixty fathoms : this in- 
 creafed the danger, as we could not anchor, however 
 uraent the neceflity iight be. At length we difcovered 
 a irking rock, in the middle of enc of the beds of 
 weeds, and even with the furfacc of the fea. This was 
 fufficientlv alarming, to make us take every precaution 
 to avoid uanger. Wc were now about eight miles to 
 the fouthwara of Howe's Foreland, acrofs the mouth of 
 a large bay ; in which were fcvcral rocks, low idands 
 and beds of fea weed : but there appeared to be wind- 
 ing channels between them. We were fo much em- 
 barrafled with thefe ihoals, that we hauled off to the 
 caftward, in hopes of extricating ourfelves from our 
 JdiflRculties i but this plunged us mto greater, and we 
 found it abfolutely necelTarv to fccure tn? (hips, if pof- 
 lible, before night, efpecially as the weather was hazy, 
 and a fog was apprehended. Obferving Ibme inlets to 
 the S. W. captain Gierke was ordered, (the Difcovery 
 drawing lefs witter than the Kefolution) to lead in for 
 the (horc, which was immediately attempted. In 
 ftanding in we could not avoid running over the edges 
 of (bmeof the (hoals, on which was found from lo to- 
 30 fathoms water; but the moment we were clear of 
 them, wc had no ground at the depth of 50 fathoms. 
 Having weathered a fpit that run out from an ifland '"^ 
 our lee, captain Gierke made the (Ignal for having dii- 
 'covercdan harbour, in which we anchored in 15 fa- 
 thoms water, about five o'clock in the evening, near a 
 mile from the (hore. The N. point of the harbour 
 bore N. by E. half E. one mite diftant, and the fmall 
 iflands in the entrance, within which we anchored, ex- 
 tended from E. to S. E. No fooner were the (hips fe- 
 cured, than it began to blow fo very ftrong, that wc 
 found it neceflary to fl rike top-gallalit yards. The wea- 
 ther, however, continued fair, and it prefently became 
 tlear, the wind having difperfed the fog that had fet- 
 tled on the hills. 
 
 As foon as we had anchored, captain Cook ordered 
 twe boats to be hoifted out; in one of which he dif- 
 patched Mr. Bligh, the mafter, to furvey the upper part 
 of the hartx)ur, and look out for wood. He alfo de- 
 lired captain Gierke to fend his mafter to found the 
 channel, S. of the fmall ifles, and went himfelf in his 
 own boat, accompanied by Mr. Gore, our firft lieute- 
 nant, and Mr. Bailey, and landed on the N. point, to 
 fee what difcovery could be made from thence. From 
 an hill over the point, they had a view of the fea coaft, 
 as far as Howe's Foreland. Several fmall idands, rocks, 
 and breakers, were fcattered along the coaft, and there 
 appeared no better channel to get out of the harbour, 
 thanthat by which thev had entered it. While cap- 
 tain Cook and Mr. Bailey were making thefe obfei va- 
 tions, Mr.GoreencompalTed the hill, and joined them 
 at a place where the boat was attending for them. 
 "There was nothing tooblhud their walk, except feme 
 craggy precipices; the country being, if pofTible, more 
 barren, and defolate, than that about Chri(\mas Har- 
 bour: and was there the leaft fertility in any part of 
 - this ifland, we might reafonably expcd to have (bund 
 it in this, which is completdy (heltercd from the pre- 
 dominating bleak foutherly winds. But we could find 
 neither food nor covering for cattle of any fort; and if 
 any had been left, they muft inevitably have pcri(hed. 
 In the litde bay where the boat lay, called by capuin 
 Cook Pcneuin Cove, (from the inexpreflible number of 
 thofe bir£ appearing there) is a fine fre(h river, which 
 we could approach without difficulty. ' Some lai|;e 
 feds, fliags, and a few ducks were feen, and Mr. Bailey 
 bad a ^ance of a very fmall land bird, but it flew 
 among the rocks, and we loft it. At nine o'clock we 
 got on board, and Mr. Bligh returned foon after. He 
 Yqported, that he had been four miles up the harbour; 
 liuit itt diredion was W. S. W. that its breadth near the 
 Ihipt did not exceed a mile { that the foundings were 
 
 from 37 to 10 fathoms ( and that, having landed on 
 bothfhores, he found the foil rocky, without a tree or 
 flirub, or hardly any appearance of venlure. 
 
 Monday the 30th, both wind and weather favouring 
 us, wc weighed anchor, fct fail, and put out to fea. 
 To the harbour we had left, the name was> given of 
 Port Pallifer, in honour of admiral Sir Hugh Palliftr. 
 It lies in the lar. of 40 deg. 3 min. S. long. 69 dew. 
 37 mip. E. diftant f5ve leagues from Howes Foreland j 
 and in the direAion of S, 25 dec. E. When (land- 
 ingout. we difcovered a round hill, like a fiigar loaf, 
 in the diredion of S. 72 deg. E. diflant about 9 Icagjics ; 
 having the appearance of an ifland, but we afterwards 
 found It was upon the main iand> In getting out to fea, 
 in general, we (teered through the winding channel* 
 among the fhoals, though we lometimes ventured to run 
 over tliem, on which we never found lefs than- 1 8 fa- 
 thonis water; nor would they have been difcovered, 
 had it not been for the fea weed growing upon them* 
 Having got three or four leagues from the coaft, we 
 found a clear fea, and fleered E. till nine o'clock A. M. 
 at which time the fugaf-loaf hill, above mentioned, 
 which we named Mount Campbell, bore S. E. and a 
 fmall ifland, to the northward of it, S. S. E. diltant 
 four leagues. Wc now fleered more foutherly, in order 
 to get in with the land. At noon we obfervedin lati^ 
 tuac49deg. 8 min. S. longitude from Cape Fnin9ois 8o 
 miles E. Mount Campbell bore S. 47 deg. W. diflant 
 4 leagues; and a low point S. E. at the diltancc of about 
 20 miles. We were now little more than two leagues 
 from the fliore. This part of the coaft fccms to be 
 what the French faw on the 4th of January 1 774. The 
 land, in general, is level. The mountains end about 
 five leagues from the low point, leaving a great extent 
 of low land, whereon mount Campbell is iitiiated. 
 Thefe mountains feemed to be compofcd of naked 
 rocks, whofcfummits arc covered with fnow: and in 
 the vallies flcrility only is vifible. When wc had 
 finiflicd taking our meridian altitudes, wc difcovered 
 more land, opening ofl^ the km point juft mentioned, 
 in the diredion of S. S. E. and eight miles beyond it. 
 It proved to be the eaftern extremity of this land, and 
 we named it Gape Digl)y. It lies in latitude 49 deg. 23 
 min. S. and in 70 deg. 34 min. E. longitude. Between 
 Howe's Foreland and Gape Digby, the flioie forms one 
 great Iwy, extending fcveral leagues to the S. W. A 
 prodigious quantity of fea weed growi over it, which 
 fcemcd to l>c fuch as Mr. Banks diflinguilhed by the 
 name of fuciu giganteus. Though the flem of this weed 
 is not much thicker than a man's thumb, fomc of it 
 grows to the amazing length of 60 fathoms. Having 
 run two leagues upon a S. E. half E. courfe, at one 
 o'clock P. M. we founded, and had 1 8 fathoms water, 
 with a bottom of fine fand. Obferving a fmall bending 
 in the coafl, wc fleered for it. with an intention to an- 
 chor there; but being difappointed in our views, we 
 pufhed forward, in order to fee as much as pofTible of 
 the coaft before night. From Gape Dkby it trends 
 nearly S. W. by S. to a low point, which we named 
 Point Charlotte, in honour of^ the Queen. In the di- 
 redion of S. S. W. about fix leagues from Cape Dicby 
 is a pretty high projeding point, which we called 
 the Prince of Wales's Foreland; and fix leagues beyond 
 that, in latitude 49 deg. 54 min. S. longitude 70 deg. 13 
 min £. is the moft foutherly point of the whole coaft, 
 to which, in honour of his prefent Ma^efly, we gave 
 the lume of Cape Geowe. Between Point Charlotte, 
 and the Foreland, wc difcovered a deep inlet, which 
 was named Royal Sound, into which, on the S. W. fide 
 of the Prince of Wales'a Foreland, we few another in- 
 let; and it then appeared, that the Foreland was the 
 £. point of a lai^e ifland lyii^ in the mouth of it. 
 There arefeveral fmall iflanda in this inlet; and one 
 about a league to the fouthward of the above mentioned 
 Foreland. On the S. W. fide of the Royal Sound, all 
 the land to Cape Geoive confifti of elevated hills, gra. 
 diallr rifiiw from the tea to a confiderable height, hav. 
 ing their lummitscapt with fnow, and appearing as 
 bamn. as thofe we had hitherto feen. Neither in. 
 land, nor on the coaft, could we difcem the fmalleft 
 
 veftigc 
 
landcti on 
 r a tree or 
 
 favouring 
 
 u( tu lea. 
 
 i given ot' 
 
 Pallifer. 
 
 rorcland t 
 icn fland- 
 fusar loaf, 
 
 9 leagues { 
 at'terwardi 
 
 out to feai 
 ; channefji 
 I red to run 
 an ' 1 8 fa* 
 lircovcred, 
 on thcnii 
 
 coaft, we 
 Kk A. M. 
 ncntioncd, 
 
 E, and a 
 E, dirtant 
 l/i in order 
 red in lati^ 
 ''ran9ois 89 
 W. diftant 
 cc of about 
 ,vo leagues 
 cms to be 
 774. The 
 
 end about 
 reat extent 
 s iituated. 
 
 of naked 
 )w: and in 
 in wc had 
 
 difcovered 
 mentioned, 
 ; beyond it. 
 s land, and 
 :49deg. 23 
 Between 
 e forms one 
 : S. W. A 
 :rit, which 
 ilhed by the 
 of this weed 
 , fome of it 
 IS. Having 
 urfe,. at one 
 iovM water, 
 lall bending 
 ntion toan- 
 r views, we 
 s poflible of 
 by it trends 
 
 we named 
 
 Ifl the di. 
 Cape Disby 
 li we called 
 gues beyond 
 lc7odeg, 13 
 whole coaft, 
 ly, we gave 
 at Charlotte, 
 inlet, which 
 ieS.W.fidc 
 ' another in- 
 and was the 
 nouth of it. 
 ets and one 
 e mentioned 
 il Sound, all 
 xi hills, gra. 
 height, hav- 
 ippearing as 
 Neither in. 
 the fmalleft 
 vcftigc 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 4*3 
 
 11: 
 
 veftigeof a treeorlhrub: but foihe of the low land 
 about Cape Digby, though for the mod part dcfolatc, 
 feemed to be cloathcd with a green turf. On the Tandy 
 beachis penguins and other fca fowls were numerous; 
 and ftiagi kept continually flying about the (liips. In 
 order to get the length of Gape George, we cont inued 
 ftretching to the 8. under all the fail we could carry,' till 
 between (even and cipht o'clock, when feeing no pro- 
 .bability of accomplifliing cHir defign, we took ad- 
 vantage of the wind, which had (hiftcd to W. S. W. 
 (the dire^on, in which we wanted to go) and flood 
 away from the coaft. Cape George now bore S. 53 
 deg. W. diftant 7 leagues. \Vc faw no land to the S. 
 of it, except a fmall ifland that lies olf the pitch of the 
 Capei and a S. W. fwell, which we met when we 
 brought the cape to bear in this diredtion, confirmed us 
 in the opinion, that there was no more in that quarter. 
 But, to ufc captain Cook's own words, " Wc have, fays 
 he, fliil a Aronger proof, that no part of this land can 
 extend much, if at all, to the fouthward of Cape 
 George; and that is, captain Furncaux's track in Fe- 
 bruary 1 773, after his feparation from me during my 
 latevovagc. His log-book is now lying before mc; 
 and I find from it, that he crofTed the meridian of this 
 land only about 1 7 leagues to the fourhward of Cape 
 George; a diftancc at which it may very well be fcen in 
 clear weather. This feems to have been the cafe, when 
 capuin Furneaux pafTed it. For his log-book makes 
 no mention of fogs or hazy weather ; on the contrary, 
 it exprefly tells us, that, when in this fituation, they 
 had it in their power to make obfcrvations, both for la- 
 titude and longitude, on board his flup ; fo that, if this 
 land extends farther S. than Cape George, it would 
 have been fcarcely poflible that he fhould have paflcd 
 without fWing it. From thcfc circumf^ances we are able 
 to determine, within a very few miles, the quantity of 
 latitude that this land occupies, which docs not much 
 exceed one degree and a quarter. As to its extent 
 from E. to W. that ftill remains undecided. We only 
 know, that no part of it can reach fo far to the W. as 
 the nKridian of 65 deg. becaufe in 1 773 1 fearchcd for 
 it in vain." But we think it neceflary to remark here, 
 that if the French obfcrvations, as marked upon cap- 
 tain Cook's chart, and flill more authentically upon that 
 publifhed by their own difcovercrs, may be depended 
 upon, this land doth not reach fo far to the W. as the 
 meridian of 68 deg. Cape Louis, which is reprefented 
 as its mofl wellerly point, being laid down by them to 
 the £. of that meridian. 
 
 Thus an idea of a fouthern continent adopted by M. 
 de Keiguelen, vanifhed before the accurate rcfearches 
 cf -if t??i?. Cs>oV:, Fy-i} Krrgtirlftn hiirfcif, in confc 
 quence of thefe, thinks very differently. 1 hi:> appears 
 from an explicit declaration of his fentiments, in his 
 late publication, which does equal honour to his can- 
 dour and to captain Cook's abilities. It muft be con- 
 feflisd M. dc Ketguekn was peculiarly unfortunate, in 
 having done fo little to complete what he had begun. 
 He difcovered, it is true, a new land ; but, in two expe- 
 ditions to it, lie could not once bring his fliips to an an- 
 chor uponany port of its coafls: we cannot butconclude, 
 therefore, that our brave commander had either fewer 
 difficulties to ftruggle with, or was more fuccefsful in 
 furmounting them. The French difcovercrs imagined 
 Cape Fran9ois to be the projeding point of a fouthern 
 continent, llie Englifh have difcovered that no fuch 
 continent exifls,and that the land in queflion isan ifland 
 'of fmall extentr which, from iu ftcrility, might pro- 
 perly be called the ifland of Defolation; but captain 
 Cook waa unwilling to rob Monfieur de Keiguelen of 
 the honour of its bearing his luune. Which is more 
 than can be &id of his own countrymen: for even M. 
 de Figes never once mentions the name of his com- 
 mander. And, though he takes occafion to enumerate 
 the feveral French explorers of the fouthern hemifphere, 
 from Gonneville down to Crozet, he aifeds toprcfcrve 
 ai> entire filence about Kemielen, whofe firft voyage, 
 in which the difcoveiy of this confiderable tradt of 
 land was-made, is kept as much out of fight, as if it had 
 never taken phice. Nay, not fatisfied with refuting to 11 
 
 acknowledge the right of another, he almoll afTumci iC 
 to himfelf. For upon a map of the world, annexed to 
 his bonk, at the fpot where the new land is delineated, 
 he tells us, that it was fecn by M, dc P.ijres, in 1774. 
 He could fcarcely have exprelTcd hinifcif in flronger 
 terms, if he had meant to convey an idea, that he was 
 the condudlor of the difcovcry. And yet wc know, 
 that he was only a lieutenant, on board one of the fhips 
 pomhianded by Keiguelen; and that the difcovcry had 
 been made in a former voyage, undertaken while he 
 was adtually engaged in his fingular journey round the 
 world. We now take leave of Kerguelen's land; and 
 captain Cook, purfuant to his inflruaions, intended to 
 proceed next to New Zealand, to Uke in wood and Vi a- 
 tcr, and provide hay for the catrie; their number by 
 this time having been confiderably diminiflied; fof 
 while exploring Kerguelen's defolate land, we loft by 
 death two young bulls, one of the heifers, two rams, 
 and feveral of the goats. On Tuefday, the 3 1 ft in the 
 morning, by obfcrvations of the fun and moon, we 
 found our longitude to be 72 deg. 33 min. 36 fee. E. 
 and by thefe obfcrvations we were aflured no material 
 errors occafioned by our timekeeper, had crept into 
 our reckoning. 
 
 A D i-n ^" Wcdnefday the ift of January, we 
 '''■ werein latitudc^fideg. 41 min.S. longitude 
 76 deg. 50 min. E. when wc obfcrved quantities of fea 
 weed pafllng to leeward, in adiredion contrary to that 
 we had fcen in approaching thelaft mentioned iflands, 
 which gave reafon to fuppofe, there were other lands at 
 no great diftancc, and afVords fome ground for believ- 
 ing, that M. de Kerguelen might have feen other lands 
 in this latitude. On the 3d, in latitude 48 deg. 16 min. 
 S. longitude 85 deg. E. we had the weather tolerably 
 clear, with frclh gales from the W. and S. W. but now 
 the wind veered to the N. and continued in that quarter 
 eight days, during which, though there was at the fame 
 linrie a thick fog, wc run upwards of 300 leagues, 
 chiefly in the dark : the fun, indeed, fomctimes made 
 its appearance, but very rarely, and but for a very fhort 
 time. On the 7th, a boat was difpatched with orders to 
 captain Clerke, fixing our rendezvous at Adventure Bay, 
 in Van Diemen's land, fliould the two fhips happen to 
 feparatc before they arrived there; however, we had the 
 good fortune not to lofe company with each other. On 
 Sunday the 1 2th, the northerly winds were fuccecded by 
 a calm, which was foon followed by a foutherty wind. 
 Our latitude was now 48 deg. 40 min. S. longitude 1 10 
 deg. 26 min. E. The wind blew from the S. for 24 
 hours, and then veering to the W. and N. W. brought 
 on cle!»r nnd fair weatncr. We continued our courfe 
 csftward, and oa Tuefday the 14th, a hurricane arofe, 
 uccoiiljjanicd with fo thick a fog, that the fliips were 
 every moment in danger of falling foul one of the other. 
 Wc kept the fog bell conftantly ringing, and guns fir- 
 ing, which were anfwered by the Difcovcry. On Sun- 
 day the 19th, a fudden fquall carried away our fore- 
 top -mart, and main-top-gallant-maft, which took us up 
 the whole day to clear the wreck, and to fit another top- 
 maft. Not having a fpare main-top-gallant-maft on 
 board, the fore-topL-gallant-maft was converted into 
 one for our immediate ufc. On the 20th, the wea- 
 ther brightened up, the wind continued wefterly, and 
 we had a briflc but moderate gale in the afternoon, 
 when we fet all the fails we could, unieefed our top- 
 fails, and run at the rate of feven and eight miles an 
 hour by the log, both fhips in company. On the 22d 
 Mr. King went on board the Difcovcry to compare the 
 time-pieces. At this time our company were in per- 
 fed health, thofe of the crew only excepted, who had 
 been hurt at the cape, and even they were fit to do 
 duty. The damages we had received during the blow- 
 ing weather were not fo confiderable as might have been 
 expeded. 
 
 On Friday the 24th, at three o'clock, A. M. we dif- 
 covered the coaft of Van Diemen's land, bearing N. W. 
 half W. The Mewftone fo named by captain Fur- 
 neaux, in 1773; bore N.E. by E. diftant 3 leagues. 
 We made the fignal for feeing land, which was an- 
 fwered by the Difcovery. Several ifland* and high 
 
 m 
 
 f 
 
 il 
 
 i' 
 
 
 m 
 
 rocks 
 
4*4 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 mrk* are ftrewtd along thii part of the coaft, the 
 r.iutherinoft of which m Mcwmine, a round elevated 
 rock, five or fix Icamict didant from the S. W. cape, 
 in the direction of S. 05 dcg. E. Our latitude, at 
 noon, 43 dcg. 47 min. S. lotwitude 147 d«g. E. in which 
 fituation a round topped hillbore N. 17 dcg. W. the S. 
 W. cape N. 74 dcg. W. the Mewftone W. half N. 
 Swiliy iflc or Rock S. 49 dcg. E. and the S. E. or S. 
 Cape, N. 40 deg. E. dilhmt near 3 league*. The land 
 between the S. W. and the South Capet ii broken and 
 hilly, the coaft winding, with poinu (hooting out from 
 it I but we were at two great a dillance, to be able to 
 jad« whetlicr the bayi formed by thefc points were 
 (heltered from the fcA winds. The bay which appeared 
 to be the largcft and dccpeft, liei to the wcftward of the 
 elevated peaked hill above mentioned. On the 35th, at 
 fix o'clock A. M. we founded and found ground at 60 
 fathoms, fand and fhcliy bottom. The South Cape 
 then bore N. 75 dcg. W. two leagues diftant : Tafman's 
 head N. E. and Swilly rock S. by W. half W. To a 
 rock, on account of its Striking rcfcmblancc to Eddv- 
 ftone light-houfe, captain Cook gave the iiame of the 
 Eddyftnne 1 thii, which had not occn noticed by cap - 
 tain Furneaux, lies about a league to the eaOward of 
 Swilly Rock. Nature fcems to have left thefc two 
 rocks here, for the fame purpefe that the light houfe 
 was erciilcd by man, namely, to remind na\ igatorsof the 
 dancers that furi-ound them ; fur they may be fccn.even 
 in the night, at a confidcrabic diftancct their furfacc 
 being white with the dung of fea fowls. They are the 
 fuminits of a ledge of rocks under water, whereon the 
 fea breaks, in many places, very high. On the N. E. 
 fide of Storm Bay, which lies between the South Cape 
 and 1 afman's Head, arc fome creeks, pretty well (hel- 
 tercd: and if this coad was carefully examined, fome 
 good harbours would moft probably be found. Soon 
 after wc had fight of land the weftcrly winds left 
 us, and were fucceedcd by light airs, and alternate 
 calms I but. 
 
 Sunday the 26th at noon, a breeze fprung up at S. E. 
 which afforded captain Cook an opportunity oT execut- 
 ing hisdefign of carrying the (hips mto Adventure Bay, 
 where we cxpeded to procure a frc(h fupply of wood 
 And grafst of both which articles we (liould have 
 been in great want, had we waited till our arrival in 
 New Zealand. We therefore flood for the bay s wherein 
 we came to tin anchor, at foar o'clock, P. M. in 13 fa- 
 thoms water, not quite a mile froiti |che (hore. No 
 (boner were the (hips properly lecured, than the pin- 
 nace was ordered to be launched, the boats to be man- 
 ned, and all hands fct to work to overhaul the riggiw, 
 and get every thing in rcadinefs to continue our courie. 
 'The officers, aftronomers, and gentlemen, on board 
 both (hips, eagerly embraced the opportunity of goiiw 
 a(hore to take a view of the country, with which ail 
 ' on board were highly pitefed. The nrft thing that at- 
 tradled our notice were the trees, that by their maghi- 
 tudc and loftii^fs exceeded cvesy thing we had cv<r 
 fcen of the kind : ' but what was remarkable, we fouiid 
 many of than burnt ndir the ground, and not a few 
 lying in a horizontal pofithm, which, being mudi 
 fcorched, bad beeh thrown doWn by the violence of the 
 wind. The capbuAs Cook and Clerke went, in fept- 
 rate boats, in f^h of convenient Ijpotsfor wooding and 
 watering, and making hay. They found plenty of wood 
 and water, but verv little graft. 
 
 Monday the 27th, lieutenant King was difpktched to 
 the E. fide of the bay, with two parties, under the pro- 
 tedtion of fome marines 1 one to cut wood, and the 
 other to cut grafs. For althowh, as yet, none of the 
 natives had appeared, there could be no doubt that fome 
 were iii the neighbourhood, as wc had perceived oo> 
 luirint of fmoke, from the time of our appmachin^ 
 the coaft;. and fome npw were obferircdj at -no great 
 difbmce, up in the woods. The kuinch 9f»t Ukewiie 
 fent for wateri and in the evening having drawn the 
 feinc, we caught; at one haul, a great quantity of fifht 
 mofl of which were of fbat ibrt, known to feamen by 
 the name of elephant fifh. Tlw Captain this day vl- 
 fitcd all dwparues that had been fent alhore: ana the 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 next the 3 8th, accontpinicd by Icvcral MntteiMn, and 
 guarded by a party of nnrinca, he made a (ccond cx- 
 curfiorf into the country, in order to make tttfcoveric*, 
 and to procure, if pofTiblc, m inwrvicw with tamrn ot 
 the inhabitants. They pcneUited fonnimUea through 
 p*th* that feemed to have been frcq^uented, bdbrt thejt 
 coutd get flght of any human being, till, at leiMh, 
 paflins by the edge of an almofl impenetrable thicket, 
 they heard a ruOling, which, at firll, they miftook 
 for the rouflng ol a wild bealt| but fearching cMelx, 
 they found a girl quite naked and alone. At firft 
 ihe fccmcd much tcrrifiedi but being kindly treated; 
 and her apprehenfkm of death removed, flie bo. 
 came docile, and ready to anfwer every thing we 
 could render intelligible to her underAanding. Wo 
 qucftioncd her concerning her refidence, which wc did 
 by pointing to every beaten path, walking a little way 
 in it, and then rctutning and taking aaother, making 
 motions to her, at the fame time, to lead oaaleiv, and 
 we would follow her. To make her perfiiAly ealy, ono 
 of our company puHed off his handkerchief, and put 
 it about her neck by way of ornament, and another oo. 
 vercd her head with his cap, and then (he wasdtfmiired. 
 She ran among the bufhes, and. in kfs than ah hour, 
 eight men and a boy made their appearance. They ap. 
 proachcd ns without bctnying any marks of fear, or 
 rather with thegreatcfl confidence Imaginable! none of 
 them having any weapons, except one, who held in hit 
 hand a (lick about, two feet long, and pointed at one 
 end. They were quite naked, ami wore no omamentt, 
 unlcfs we conflder as fuch. fome hrge punAures in dif^ 
 fcrcnt parts of their bodies, fome in ftraight, andothen 
 in curved lines. The men were of the middle ftature^ 
 but rather (lender. Their (kin and hair were blackj 
 and the latter as woolly as that of any native of Guinea; 
 but they were not di(lingui(hed by remarkable thick 
 lips, nor Hat noTcs. On the contrary, their features 
 were far from being difagrceablc. lliey had pretty 
 good eyes ; and their teeth were tolerable even, but very 
 dirty. Moft of them had their hair and beards fmeared 
 with a red ointment, and fome had alfo their ftces 
 
 Eiinted with the fame compofition. Thefewere all 
 indly treated by our com^ny : but they received every 
 prefent wc made them, without any apparent fatisfac- 
 tion. When fome bread was ofTered them, as (oon as 
 they underftood it was to be eaten, they either returned, 
 or threw it away, without lading It. Some elephant 
 fifh, both raw, and drefTed, they likewife refufcdi but 
 fomebirds, wegave them, thefc they did not return, 
 and eafilv made us comprehend that they were fond of 
 fuich food. Two pigt having been brought on (hore, to 
 be left in the woods, they fcizcd them mr the ears, and 
 feemed inclined to carry them off, with an intention, 
 as wc fuppofed, of killing them. Captain Cook, wi(b» 
 ing to know the ufe of the (lick which one of our vi- 
 (itors held in his hand, made (igns expre(fing his defire 
 to be gratified in this particuur: upon which one of 
 them took aim at a piece of wood fet up at the difbuice 
 of twenty yards; but aflerfeveral eflayt he was ftill 
 wide of the mark. Omiah, to fhew the great fupo- 
 riority of our weapons, immediately fired hia mufquet 
 at it, the report of which (b akrrncd fhem, that they 
 took flight, and vani(hed in an indant. On our retum 
 we found they had been at the place at which the crew 
 of the Difcovcry wcie watering; and an officer of thsjt 
 party firing alfo a mufquet in the air. they ran into the 
 woods with uncomnnon precipitation. Soon after thefc 
 "had fled from us with uncommon fpeed, the girl we had 
 firdieen returned, and with her came fevenl women, 
 fome with children on their backs, and fome without 
 children. The former wore a kangooroo (kin Widened 
 over their (boulders, the only ufe of which feemed to be, 
 to fupport dieir children on their backs, for it left thofe 
 rnrtt uncovered which modedy direds us to conceal. 
 Thdrbodies were bhck, and marked with fears likethofe 
 of the men; from whom, however, they differed, iu hav« 
 ing their hads flsved ; Tome of them being-eompletely 
 (horn, others only on one (idc,'1vhile the red of them 
 h^^ the upper part of their heails (haved, leaving, a 
 very narrow circle of hair all round. They were &r 
 
 fn);n 
 
 
 rt 
 
 ^^ 
 
ncn. and 
 cond ci> 
 fcovcriei* 
 iImm of 
 I through 
 Bibitthe]» 
 tt Uamh, 
 t thiclec. 
 ' mUlook 
 g clofely. 
 
 Atflrft 
 f txtattd't 
 , Ibc b^ 
 thing we 
 IngT Wo 
 €h we did 
 1 Utde w«/ 
 r, making 
 aloiw, and 
 r caly, ono 
 f, and put 
 nother 00* 
 idifmiffed. 
 uiailthour, 
 
 Theyap. 
 of fear, or 
 let none of 
 Kid in hit 
 itedat one 
 onumenu* 
 urea in AU 
 .andothera 
 idle ftanire^ 
 wereljlacki 
 ! of Guinea; 
 kabie thick 
 leir features 
 'had pretty 
 en, but very 
 irdifmeared 
 > their ftcea 
 lefe were all 
 sxived every 
 ■ent fatisfac- 
 I, at loon at 
 er returned, 
 ne elephant 
 refufcdi but 
 I not return, 
 were fond of 
 t on fliore, to 
 he cart, and 
 in intention, 
 I Gwk.wiflK 
 e of our vi- 
 ig hit defire 
 hich one of 
 : the diftance 
 he wu ftili 
 ^litat fupo- 
 hit mufquet 
 m. that they 
 n our return 
 ich the crew 
 Rcer of that 
 ran into the 
 in after thefe 
 t girl we had 
 enl wonnen, 
 bme without 
 (kin fiftened 
 eemed to he, 
 ritleftthofe 
 t to conceal, 
 art liketSofe 
 ered, ii» hav.> 
 {^ioinpletely 
 eft or them 
 d, leaving a 
 ley were &r 
 fro|o 
 
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 J/tWi/tvi ./'///'//,'/).■./ A,-.//„v.//iy,/,,i/ ///,• ^>//,i'«3</w/..v^y//'./fe(J"/'^'|^/fV /'<■•//• . 
 
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COOK'i THIRD tnil LAST VOYAGE— To iha PACIFIC OCEAN, £ec. 495 
 
 \ 
 
 from being h«nJfomei however, fome of our gemU- 
 mcn iMiM their uldrefTci to ihero, but without eHcc't. 
 Th«(c wert »lfo kindly received, and coMtntUd to the 
 pUce where the wooden were it work, with whom it 
 *»• not long befewth^-y were •f^inwd. They*crr, 
 however, mifemhlcobie^i and Omwh, though led by 
 natural impulfe to an inordinate deflre for women, wai 
 ib difgufted witli thrill, that he flrcd hit piece oHT to 
 frighten them froi* hu (inht, which for that time hail 
 the defired etftA. That the gallantry of fome of our 
 people wai not very agreeable f the men. ia ceruini 
 for an elderly man u Toon aa he obferved it, ordered 
 the wennen and children to retire, which they all did, 
 but fome with a little reludUnce. When the fevcral 
 parties of our vifltora had Hcd, and retired, captain 
 Cook ordered the two pig», one male and the other fe> 
 male, to be carried about a mile within the woodi. and 
 he himfrirraw them left there, taking care that none of 
 the nativea (houlti obfcrvc what wai paifing. I !.■ aifo 
 intended to have lett a young bull and a cow, befi.lc* 
 §nme goarsand (hccpi but he foon relinquilhcd that 
 delWi4, bi ing of opinion the native* would dcftmy 
 them I whl^ he fuppofed would be the fate of thepigi. 
 If 'hey (hould(hance to find them out: but ai fwine 
 foon become wild, and are fond of being in the wooda, 
 it i« probaMr that they were prcfcrved. I'hc other 
 cattle could not have remained long concealed from 
 the nativei, u they mull h^ve been put in an open 
 place. 
 
 Wedncfday the 19th, we were prevented from fail- 
 ing by a dead calm, which continued the whole day. 
 Parties were therefore Cent on (hore to cut wood and 
 grafs, atufuali and Captain Cook accompanied the 
 wood-cuttert himfelf. At the fame time our gentle- 
 men, with Lieutenant Kins, and other ofKcert belong- 
 ing to both Ihipt, extendcdiheir excuHiont ftill farther 
 into the country, and found it beautifully diverfltied 
 with hill* and vallie*. ftately grove* of tree*, riven, 
 itieadow*, and lawn* of vail extent, with thicket* full 
 of bird* of the mod beautiful plumage, and of variou* 
 note*, whofe melody wai truly enchanting. Here were 
 lagoon* full of duck*, teal, and other wild fowl, of 
 which great number* were (hoti while our naturolift* 
 were loading themfelve* with the fpontancou* produc- 
 tion* of the foil ; a foil we nuy venture to fay, the riched 
 and mod fertile of any in the habitable globe, the tree* 
 growing to an aftonilhing height ana tize, not Icfs 
 beautiful to the eye than gratefulto the fenfe of fmell- 
 ing. It was now the time when nature pour* forth her 
 luxuriant exuberance tocloath thi* country with a rich 
 variety! but, what appeared ftrange to every obfervcr, 
 the few nativei we law were wholly infenfible of thofe 
 bleifings, and feemed to live like the beafts of the 
 forelt in roving parties, without arts of any kind, fleep- 
 Ing infuiamer like d<mi, under the hollow fides of the 
 treci, or in the wattled nuts made with the low branches 
 of. q[9f -green fltruba, (hick in the ground at fmall 
 diftlnto from each other, and meetmg together at 
 the top. 
 
 We had, in the morning, obfervcd fevenl of the 
 natives launtring along the fliore, from which we con. 
 ckided, that, though their conllemation had made 
 them leave us rather abruptly thepreccdinsday, they 
 thought wc intended them no milchicf, ana were de- 
 firous of fenewing the intercourfe. Of this w<e were 
 foon convinced! for we had not been long landed be- 
 fore twenty of them, men and boys, joined us, without 
 eaprefling the leaft lign of fear or diftruft t one of 
 whom was diftingikilhed not only by his deformity, 
 but by the drolleryr of his gefticumions, and th« feem- 
 ing humour of his fpeecnes, though we could only 
 
 f 
 
 faid. by him. " to have naturally long and blaik hair, 
 though it be univcrfally cropped fliurt. .'n general it 
 is flrait I but fuiiictiinc* it has a llight cuil. We faw 
 none that wai not inattrd and fliiny. Their beards 
 were of the fame colour with the hair, aiul bufhy and 
 thick," At this time Captain Cook was unwilling to 
 allow that the hair of the native* we now faw in 
 Adventure Bay was woullv. fancying that hi* people, 
 who ftrl\ ubierved thi*, tiad hccn deceived, from its 
 being clotted with givafv and red ochre. But Lieu- 
 tenant King tirevailed on him altirw.irdfi, to cxamihe 
 carefully the nair of the buv*. which wat generally, a* 
 well a* iliat of the wotnen, tree from thit dirt 1 and then 
 the captain owned himfelf fatiilUd, that it wa'i natu- 
 rally woolly. Perhaps this circuintlancc was the oc< 
 caflon of hi* being deceived, when he wa* in Ejideavour 
 River, tijr he favx cxprefily, " thoy faw none that wa* 
 not malted and filthy," Some of our prcfcnt vifitors 
 had a (lip of kanuixiroo (kin round their ancles 1 and 
 others wore round their neck* three or four folds of 
 fmall cord, made of the fur of fome animal. Thev 
 feemed nottovaliiciron.butwcrcapparencly plearedwitn 
 the medals and tiring* of hcadii that were given thrm. 
 They did not feem even to know the ufe onilli-hooks, 
 though it is more than probal)lc, that they were ac- 
 quainted with fonic method ot' caiching ti(h, which 
 would naturally be adopted by thofe who inhabit a fea- 
 coa(l,and who derive no part of their fullcnance from 
 the produi^tions of the ground. They rejcdled the 
 fort of fin> wc oHercd them, yet it wa* evident, that 
 IhclUfifh at lead, made a part of their food, from the 
 heapa of muft^le-lhflU we faw near the (hore, and 
 about the ufual places of ihcir refort. Their wig- 
 wams, or habitations. <. cte (n\M hovels or (hed*, 
 built of (lickn. and covered with the bark of a tree. 
 We had good realbn to fuppofc. that they fometimcs 
 took up their reiidcnce in the trunks of large trees, 
 hollowed out by lire. In or near their huti, and 
 wherever there was a heap qf Ihclli, there we perceived 
 the remain* of lire > an indubitable proof that they do 
 not cat their food raw. Nor do they feem fuch mife- 
 , rabic wretcheii,u!< the native* whom l)ampicr mentions 
 to have feen on its wi Hern coall. Yet. we muft here 
 obfervfj that Dampicr's miferable wrctchc*. on the 
 weftcm coart of New Holland, in many inftancci, bear 
 a (Irikinx refcmblam^e to thofe feen by Captain Cook 
 at Van Dicmcn's Land : ;l (i It.) Their foon becoming 
 familiar with (Irangers. (2nd.) As to their pcrfons 1 
 bein4 ftraight of ilaturc and thin ; their (kin thick and ' 
 black; thcirhair black, niort.and curled, like tho{\:of the 
 negroesofGuincat with wide mouth*, (jdly.) As to 
 their mean condition i having no hnufes, no garments, 
 no canoes, no inllfumcht to catch large fiflu feeding 
 on broiled mufcles, cockles, and periwincic* ; having 
 no fruits of the earth 1 their weapons a Hraight polet 
 (harpened and hardened at the end, &c. Due the chief 
 peculiarities of Dahipier's Hew Hollanders, on account 
 of which thinr are improperly called miferable wretches, 
 are, (i(t>) Their cyc-lids being alwaj's half clofcd, to 
 keep the flies out, which were exceedingly troublefome 
 there t and (sndly.) Their wanting the two ibrcrtceljt 
 of the upper jaw, and having no bcard<. 
 
 When the parry with Lieutenant King, with whom 
 waa Mr. Apderfon, Cantain Cook's furgcon. had Ian(]ed» 
 the n^^y^s appeared oivefted of their fears, ^pd ifll^ietf 
 |roi;i|l the thickeu .line iierdji, of deer from a foreft. 
 Thcjrwcre armed wi^i liuy:es 'al)out two feet foiw, 
 terminated with a (hark's toqtt^ or piece of twiie 
 (harpened Fo A point, which (hey threjMr to.'a grca; diC 
 tf (UKJ thele wrierie the whole of |t|»eir; jrmogr. Some 
 
 tanoe. 
 
 ec& at their general import,the language fpoken here 
 iiig wholly uninteUwible to us. Our Commander 
 thought thia to be dimient from that (jpokcn by the 
 inhmtanu of thie ntore nonhem ptru of this country, 
 whom, he n<et with in hit firft voyrae i which is not 
 cxtnuudimiy!, :fiAC<L.thofe we now {«w, and thMTc we 
 then vifitedi.tUffer infcvcntl lefiiedb : pwticularly with ■' 
 regard ro the tcJtture of their hair. The nativea w^Pinl ! 
 the Qiptain m« with u fndaavour.Klvcr iqx?^ if^l 
 No. «2 
 
 d^bt 
 .beads. 
 
 wcwnen- ^nd ch|knvn were intrqduced ttf Mr. Kinj 
 whom he gave pr^nt^ of fuch trifles as he had i-.^. 
 htm. He ai'b offered all of them nails, knives, bea(, . 
 and other '<>y^' to which the)^ paid little orao.attention^ 
 but were gr-'^^v afttr.(hredi, 0/ rc'4 cloth.'^;^," " 
 derfon hav::),., v •th.iiik jafit^.aiiigen^e, fperu 
 ftiiyt we coiiiinuc4;V> A^iycnWr^ Bl^f u> , ~ 
 ax itttunl productions pf thi; QDunt,ty,and 
 tants, ny fhalLhere jnfcrt the Jub(|^*9f hit 
 .Vf4 .^""l^bt noK^l^t th#t ;bf 
 
 il 
 
 ■A 
 
 
426 
 
 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I ..Ml- 
 
 Si I' 
 
 g;nious gentleman, will, by the curious part of oar 
 readers, always be thought worth attending to. 'there- 
 is, obferves Mr. Andenbn, a beautiful Tandy beach, 
 about two miles long, at the bottom of Adventure Bay, 
 formed, to all appearance, by the particle* which the 
 &a wafhcs from a white fahd ftone, that in many places 
 bounds the (hore. This beach, about two miles long, 
 is well adapted for hauling the feine. Behind it is a 
 plain, with a biackifli lake, out of which we caught, by 
 angling, fome whitifh bream, and fmall trout. The 
 parts adjoining the bay are moftly hillyi and both 
 thefe and the flat ate adorned with one continued foreft 
 of tall trees, rendered almoft impaflable to ftrangers, 
 by breaks of fern, Ihrubs, and fiUIen trees : but on the 
 fides of fome of the hills, where the trees are thin, the 
 only interruption is a coarlc grafs. Northward of the 
 Ixiy is low land, (Irctching farther than the eve can 
 reach, covered only with viood in certain fpots ; but an 
 opportunity was not afforded us sf examining in what 
 peculiarities it differed from the hilly country. The 
 foil on the flat land, and on the lower part of the hills 
 is fandy, or conflfts of a ycllowiih earth, and in fome 
 parts of a reddifh clay ; but farther up the hills, it is of 
 a grey tough caft, and appeared to be very poor. Be- 
 tween the hills, the water drains down from thei^ fides, 
 forming at lafl fmall brooks, fuflicient to fupply us with 
 water : yet, upon the whole, this country bcn'-s many 
 marks of being dry ; and, fetting afide its wood, might 
 be compared to Africa, about the Cape of Good Hope, 
 (though that lies 10 degrees fanher northward) rather 
 than to New Zealand, on its other fide, in the fame 
 latitude, where etery valley, however fmall, is furniihed 
 with a confidcrable flream of water. We found the 
 heat here cxccflive ; infomuch, that birds were feldom 
 killed an hour or two, before thcv were almoft covered 
 with maggots. No mineral bodies, nor ftones of any 
 other kind than the white fand ftone, were obfervcd by 
 US; nor could we find any vegetables that afforded the 
 fmalleft fubfiftence for men. The foreft trees arc all 
 of one kind, and generally ftraight ; branching but little 
 till towards the top. The bark is white, which makes 
 them appear at a diftance, as if they had been peeled. 
 The leaves of this tree are long, narrow, and pointed ; 
 and it bears clufters of white fmall flowers, whofe cups 
 were, at this time, plentifully fcattered about the 
 ground, with another fort refembling them fomewhsit 
 m fhape, but much larger; which makes it probable 
 that there arc two fpecies of this tree. The bark of 
 the fmallcr branches, fruit, and leaves, have an agree- 
 able pungent tafte, and aromatic fmell, not unlike 
 peppermint. The next tree obferved was a fmall one, 
 about 10 feet high, branching pretty much, with narrow 
 leaves, and a large, yellow, cylindrical flower, confift- 
 ing only of a van number of filaments ; which, being 
 (bed, leave a fruit like a pine-top. Both thefe trees are 
 unknown in Europe. Of plants, by no means nume- 
 rous, we found a (pecies of gladiolus, rufh, bell-flower, 
 famphirc, wood-iorrel, milk-wort, cud-weed. Job's 
 tears, moffes, and feveral kinds of fern; but the fpecies 
 are either common, or, at leaft, found in fome other 
 countries, jparticularly New Zealand. The only quad- 
 ruped we law diftiitaly was a fpecies of opuffum, about 
 twice the fize of a large rat ; of a dufky colour above, 
 tinged with a brown or rally caft, and whirifii bck>w. 
 About the third of the uil, towards itt tip, is white, 
 and bare underneath : by which it probably hangs on 
 the branches of treeif, as it climbs thefe, and lives on 
 berries. The kahgborob, found further northward in 
 New Holland, may alfo befuppofed to inhabit here, 
 •1 fome of the natives had pieces of the fkin of that 
 >nimal. From the dung we faw almoft every where, 
 'and fVom the narrow tracks perceived among the 
 (hnibbery, it flwuld feem alfo, that they are in confide- 
 ' lible numbers. The principal forts of^birds are brOwn 
 hawks or eagles, crows, large pigeon*, yellowiflj pare- 
 'quets,'amf a fpecie* which we called mocacilla cyanea, 
 *TnMit tt|(^ beautiful axure c6ldur cf its neck am) head. 
 'Otid»t1!K>rew(eref«?r]ei«I«ulls, Wick oyfter-catchers, 
 ' or fM-pies, and pbvers ofa ftone colour. Thefe birds 
 'iift 4dl to kUee and Ihy, that thcjr muft have been 
 
 harraflcd by the natives, who, perhaps, obtain much of 
 their fubiWyKe from them. About the lake behind 
 the beach.OThr wild ducks were fc«n, and fome Ihags 
 ufed to perch upon the high leaflefs trees near the Ihore. 
 We oUerved in the woods fome biackifli fnakest and 
 we killed an unknown large lizard, i < inches long, and 
 fix round, bcautifiiUy clouded with black and vellow. 
 The fea afTords a much greater plenty, and, at leaft, da 
 great a variety as the land. Among a variety of fifli 
 we caught rays, nurfes, leather jackets, bream, foles, 
 flounders, gurnards, fmall fpotted mullets, a little fifti 
 with a filvcr band on its fide, and elephant fifties, 
 which laft are the moft numerous, and, though inferior 
 to many others, are very palattble food. The next in 
 number, and fuperior in goodnefs, is a fort none of ua 
 recolledlcd to have feen before. It partakes of the 
 nature both of a round and flat fifh, having the eyes 
 placed very near each other, the fore part ofthe body 
 much flattened ordepreffed, and the reft rounded. It ia 
 of a brownifh fandy colour, with rufty fpots on the 
 upper part, and whitifti below. From the quantity of 
 flimc it was always covered with, it fcems to live after 
 the manner of flat fifti, at the bottom. On the rocks 
 are plenty of mufcles, and other fmall ftielUfifti ; alfo 
 great numbers of fea-ftars, fmall limpets, and large 
 quantities of fponge, one fort of which, that is thrown 
 on the lea-lhore, but not very comnnon, has a moft 
 delicate texture. Upon the beach were found many 
 pretty Mcdufa's-hcads ; and the ftinking fca-hare, 
 which, as mentioned by fome authors, has the property 
 oftakingof^'the hair by the acrimony of its juice; but 
 the fort we examined, waa deficient In this refpedt. 
 The infers, though few, are here in confiderablc 
 variety; fuch as grafs -hoppers, butterflies, and feveral 
 forts of moths, finely variegated. Here are two forts 
 of dragon-flies, gad, and camcUflics ; feveral forts of 
 fpiders; and fome fcorpions; the laft are rare. But - 
 the moft troublefome, though lefs numerous tribe of 
 infeds, are the mufquitoes; and a lai^ black ant, the 
 pain of whofe bite is ^Imoft intolerable, during the 
 fliort time it lafts. 
 
 The inhabitants, with whom we were converfant, 
 feemed mild and chcarful, with little of that favage ap- 
 pearance, common to people in their fituation: nor did 
 they difcovcr the leaft referve, or jealouly, in their in- 
 tercourfe with ftrangers. With refpeA to perfonal 
 adivity or genius, they difcovered little of either: as to 
 the laft, they have, to appearance, lefs than the half- 
 animated natives of Terra del Fuego, who have not 
 invention fuflicient to make cloathmg for defending 
 themfelves from the rigour of their climate, thou^ 
 fumiftied with materials. They difplay, however, 
 fome contrivance, in the manner of cutting their arms 
 and bodies in lines of difl^erent diredions, raifed abovp 
 the furface of the flcin. Their indifference tor our pre- 
 fents. their general inattention, and want of curiofity, 
 were very remarkable, and teftified no acutenefs of 
 underftandiiu;. Their complexion is a dull black, 
 which they lonKtimes heighten, as we fuppofed, by 
 fmutting their bodies ; for a mark was left behind on 
 any clean fubftance, when they handled it. Their hair 
 is pcrfedly woolly, and is clotted with greafe and red 
 ochre, like that of the Hottentots. Their nofes, though 
 not flat, are broad and full, as is the cafe with moft 
 Indians; and the lower part of the face projedh con- 
 fiderably. Their eyes are of a moderate fize, and 
 though not very quick or piercing, they give the 
 countenance a frank, chcarful, and pleafing caff. Their 
 teeth are broad, but not equal, nor well fet; and either 
 from natUKi or from dirt, not of fo clear a white as is 
 ufual among people ofa black colour. Their mouths 
 are rather wide; but this appearance may be heightened, 
 by wearing their beards long, and clotted with paint, 
 in the fiime manner as tlie hair on their heads. Upon 
 the whole, they are well proportioned, though the beUy 
 is rather protubennt. Their favourite attitude is to 
 (land with one fide forward, and one. hand grafping, 
 acrofs the back, the oppdfite arm, wktcK tM this oc- 
 cafion, hangs down by the fide that ptmeCb. What 
 the poets teH us of Fawns and Sa^rs dwelling in woods 
 
 ami 
 
n much of 
 
 lice behind 
 
 fome (hagi 
 
 ' the fliore. 
 
 aketi and 
 
 long, and 
 
 nd vcllow. 
 
 at Icaft, da 
 
 ety of fi(h 
 
 earn, folei, 
 
 little fifli 
 
 latit filbei, 
 
 jffh Inferior 
 
 rhe next in 
 
 none of iia 
 
 kei of the 
 
 ng the eyea 
 
 of the body 
 
 inded. It is 
 
 }ots on the 
 
 quantity of 
 
 to live afcer 
 
 the rocks 
 
 l|.{i(h: alfo 
 
 and large 
 
 It is thrown 
 
 has a moft 
 
 bund many 
 
 le fea-hare, 
 
 the property 
 
 juice; but 
 
 this rcfpedt. 
 
 confidcraWc 
 
 . and fevcral 
 
 ire two forts 
 
 treral forts of 
 
 re rare. But - 
 
 ous tribe of 
 
 ack ant, the 
 
 during the 
 
 e converfant, 
 kat favage ap- 
 tion: nor did 
 J, in their in- 
 t to perfonal 
 f cither: as to 
 han the half- 
 rho have not 
 br defending 
 nnatc, though 
 lay, however, 
 ng their arms 
 , raifed abovp 
 :e for our pre- 
 l of curiofity, 
 ) acutcnefs of 
 a dull black, 
 
 fuppofed, by 
 eft behind on 
 c. Their hair 
 ;rcafe and red 
 ■ nofes, though 
 afc with moft 
 
 projedls con- 
 rate fnt, and 
 they give the 
 ngcaft. Their 
 fet; and cither 
 r a white as is 
 Their mouths 
 be heightened, 
 ed with paint, 
 heads. Upon 
 lough the beUy 
 ; attitude is to 
 hand grafping, 
 eh^ oit this «c. 
 KriiOs. What 
 >euing in woods 
 and 
 
 (>^////^ SEA OTTER^///y^^>NoRTH West Coast ./America . 
 
 
 ' z.^' 
 
 til 
 
 G^^ Opossum, «^ Quadruped ^Van DIEMENsLAND 
 
 ff 
 
 '«!'WHITE BEARy^il^^/^'PAClFICOCEASr «,^,r/ ICYCAPE 
 
 r>ff*rJimp. 
 

 
 
 f - 
 
 Ai^<^ 
 
 ^■V ,/ ) 
 
 
 ■<17:/4'^*'i^^ii'':U<^rrA;/^ 
 
 .<-. ff .. .. I.,. ».,; 
 
 .1m, .( » \*s. 
 
 
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 fk* 
 

 W'l 
 
 
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COOK'S THIRD •n'l LAST VOYAGE-^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 427 
 
 ■ V^ 
 
 und hollow tries, is here realized. Near the (horc in 
 the bay we Taw fome wretched conftru^ions of flicks, 
 covered with bark, which like the wigwams of the 
 Indians, fccmed to have been only temporary abodes. 
 Many of their largeft trees were converted into more 
 durable habitations. The trunks of thcfe were h»)l- 
 lowed out, to the height of fix or feven feet, by means of 
 fire. That they fon^ctimes dwell in them, was evident, 
 
 .from their having hearths in the middle made of day, 
 round which four or five pcrfons might lit. Theic 
 plucet ot Ihelter are permanent ; for they leave one fide 
 of the tree found, fu that it continues growing with 
 great luxuriance. It docs notappear that thcfe pcopic 
 sre cannibaU, or, indeed, that they feed upon flefli, as 
 no appearance of any fuch food could be traced among 
 them. Fi(h, fruit, and the natural productions of 
 the earth, were the only articles of foot!, that we faw 
 about their iiic-places ; but, what was flill more ftrange, 
 there was neither canoe nor boat to be feen, though the 
 country abounds with fuch excellent trees. One niight 
 be apt to think, that thefe natives are a fort of fugi- 
 tives, who have been driven to fubfifl here in a ftate of 
 banilhment: but that they originate from tht fame 
 flock with thofe who inhabit the northern parts of New 
 Holland is highly probable: and though they differ in 
 many refpec^ls, their diHimilarity may be rcafonably ac- 
 counted for, from the United conlidcrations of dif- 
 tance of place, length of time, total ieparation, and 
 diverfity of climate. Thefe will account for greater 
 ditlerences, both as to the pirfons, and as to the cuf- 
 toma of different people, than really exift between our 
 Van Oiemen's land natives, and thofe defcribed by 
 Dampier, and in captain Cook's firfl voyage. This is 
 Certam, that the figure of one of thofe feen in Endea- 
 vour river, and reprefented in a journal of that voyage, 
 (now before us) vitry much refcmbles our vifitors in 
 Adventure Bay. lliat there is not the like refemblance 
 in their languages, is a circumflance that need not create 
 any difficulty : for though the agreement of languages 
 6f people living diffauit from each ether, may be aC 
 fumed as a flrong argument for their having fpning 
 
 ' from one common fburce, difagreement. of language is 
 by IM> means a proof of the contrary ; and we muft 
 have a more intimate acquaintance with the languages 
 fpoken here, and in the noorc northern part of I^w 
 HoUand, before we can be warranted to pronounce that 
 they are totally different. Nay, we have good grounds 
 for the contrary opinion; for we found, that the animal 
 atlledkangooroo, at Endeavour river, was known un- 
 der the fame name here ; and we need not obferve, that 
 it is foarcely pofTible to fuppofe that this was not tranf« 
 mitted from one another, but accidentally adopted by 
 two nations, differing in language and extradfion. Be- 
 fidea, as it feems very improbable, that the inhabitants 
 of Van Diemen'sland fliOuM ever have loft the ufe of 
 canoes or failing veffets, if they had been originally 
 conveyed hither by fea, we mull neceffarily admit that 
 they« as well as the kangooroo itfelf, have been flrag- 
 glcrsby land from the more tiorthern parts of the coun- 
 try. If there is any weight in this remark of Mr. An- 
 derfort's, it will, while it traces the origin of the peo. 
 pie, at the fame time, ferve to fix another point, (if cap- 
 tain Cook and captain Fumcaux have not decided it 
 already) namely, that New Holland is no where totally 
 divided from the fca into ifiands; and Dampier, we findC 
 was of this opinion. As the inhabiunts of New Hol- 
 land fecm all to be of the fame extradion, there is no- 
 thing peculiar in any of them : on the contrary, they 
 tnucn refemble many of the favages whom we have feen 
 in the iflands of Tanna and Manieola. There is even 
 fome reafon for fuppofing, that they may originally have 
 come from the fame place with all the natives of the 
 Pacific Ocean ; for ot about ten words we found means 
 to get from them, that which is ufed to expiefs coM, is 
 jrcryfiipitar to that of Now Zealand and Otaheitc; the 
 lirlt, or Van Dicmen's land, being maUareede, the fe- 
 cond makka'krcde. and the third mar'reede. Upon a 
 fliligenticnquiryi and an accurate comparifon drawn 
 from ^ekffinity of languages, concludes our curious 
 obfcrver, jt will probably be found, that all the people 
 
 from New Holland, eaftward to Eaflcr ifland, have been 
 derived from the fame common root. The fcntiments 
 of our furgcon, on this fubjedt, are conformable to, and 
 coincide with tifofeof Mr. Marfden, in his hiftory of 
 Sumatra, who obferves, " That one general language 
 prevailed, (however mutilated and changed in the courfe 
 of time,) throughout all this portion ofthe world, from 
 Madn^alcar to the mofl diftant difcoveries ea'flwardi 
 of which the Malay is a dialedl, ntuch corrupted or re- 
 fined by a mixture of tongtiA. This very extenfivc 
 fimilarity of language indicates a common origin of the 
 inhabitants; but the circumflances and progrefs of their 
 ,feparatiun arc wrapped m the darkcll veil of obfcu> 
 rlty." 
 
 In the afternoon captain Cook went again on afhore, 
 and found the grafs cutters on Penguin ifland, where 
 they had met with a plentiful crop of excellent grafs. 
 We laboured hard till the evening, and then having 
 provided a fiidicient quantity of what was mofl wanted, 
 returned on board. In the courfe of this day captain 
 Cook prcfcnted many of the natives with medals, in- 
 fcribcd with the names of the fhips and the comman- 
 ders, with the date of the year, and that of his Ma- 
 jefty's reign, in order to perpetuate the memory of this 
 voyage, provided any future European adventurer, 
 prompted by curiofity, (hould think fit to revifit thefe 
 remote parts of the fouthern hemifphere. During our 
 continuance on this coafl, all hands were employed in 
 wooding, watering, over-hauling the rigging, and get- 
 ting every thing in readinefs to continue our voyage; 
 and having had either light airs from the E. or calms, 
 little or no time was probably loft by our flaying here 
 a few days^ Our filliermen alfo were no lefs fuccefsfiil 
 in filhing, during our flay, than our fowlers in fhooting 
 wild fowl i infomiich, that nothing was wanting to make 
 our living here delicious. 
 
 This land was difcovercd in November 1642, by Taf^ 
 man, who gave it the name of Van Diemen's Land. 
 Captain Furncaux touched at it in March 17731 It la 
 the fouthern point of New Holland, which is by fiir 
 the largeft illand in the known world, and might well 
 be uken for, though it does not defcrve the name of, a 
 continent. The land is diverfified with hills and val- 
 lies, and is well wooded. Here is likcwife plen^ of 
 water. The beft, or what is moft convenient for fnip. 
 ing, is a rivulet, which is one of feveral that fall into a 
 fmall lake, or pond, that lies behind the beach at the 
 head of the bay. It there mixes with the fea water; fo 
 that it muft be taken up above this pond, which may be 
 done without any great trouble. The bay upon the 
 whole may be conndered as a fafe road ; for the only 
 wind to which it is expofed is the N. E. and as this blows 
 from Maria's iflands, it can bring no very great fca 
 along with it. The bottom is clean, good holding 
 ground; and the depth of wat^'from t2 to 4 fathoms. 
 The longitude^f Adventure Bay was determined by a 
 great number of lunar obfervations, and was found to 
 be 147 deg. 39 min. E. Its latitude is 43 deg. 21 min. 
 ao fee. S. We fhall conclude the hiftory of this day, 
 the 29th of January, with a renurk of captain Cook's, 
 refpoiting the condudl of Europeans amongft Savages 
 to their women, which the Captain thinks, " is highly 
 bianteable; as it creates a jealoufy in their men, that 
 may be attended with confequences fatal to the fuccefs 
 of the common enterprize, and to the whole body of 
 adventurers, without advancing the private purpofe cf 
 the individual, or enabling him to gam the objea of his 
 wifhes. I believe it has been generally found among' 
 uncivilized people, that where the women are eafy of 
 accefs, the men arc the firft to offer them to flrangers ; 
 and that> where this is not the cafe, iteither the allure- 
 ment of prefents, nor the opportunity of privacy, will 
 be likely to have the defircd effedl. This oofervation, I 
 amfure, will hold good, throughout all the parts ofthe 
 South Sea where I have been. Why then Inould men 
 a.& fo abfurd a part, as to rifk their own fafety. and 
 that of all their companions, in purfuit of a gratifica- 
 tion which they have no probability of obuining;" and, 
 which if obtained, we may add, is not only breaking a 
 divine command, but contrary to an indifpcnfible oui<* 
 
 gation. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
428 
 
 Capt, C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 JL. 
 
 Sation, of doingai wc wiih, in like circumAancci, to 
 e done unto. 
 
 On the joch, having got plenty of wood and water 
 an board, and whatever c-lfc the country affoidcd, the 
 fignal wan made for unmooring; and, a light wcftcrly 
 breeze (pringing up, at eight o'clock A. M. we weiahcn 
 anchor, and took our departure from Adventure Bay. 
 fiy ten we had put to Tea, and both (hips were under 
 fail s loon after which, the wiiid became (outherly and 
 produced a perfect llonn; but veering in the evening to 
 che E. and N. E. iu fury began to abate. Thin gale 
 
 wai attended with .in almoil intolerable heat, which, 
 however, wai of lb Ihoi t a continuance, that fome of 
 our company did not perceive it. In the night, betweca 
 the 6th and 7th of Icbruary, a marine belonging to the 
 Difcovery fell over-board, and was drowned, which waa 
 the fecond miifortune a( the kind her crew had expe- 
 rienced (ince her departure from England. We held 
 on our diredt courfe tor New Zealand ; and on Monday, 
 the lOth, we defcried Kock'» Point, which bore S. E. by 
 S. about eight or nine leagues did.int: upon which we 
 (leered for Cape Farewell and Sccphcni's liland. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Tbe Rcjolution and Difcovery, luniing arrived ol New Zeabnd, anchr in thtiroUJlflliM in ^leeii CbarloUe's Sound — Trai^t. 
 allions there, vid intercourfe zfilb the Ne ;■ Zealanders.—biformatitii gained from the nalivet zvilh regard to the nw/- 
 Jacre ef the /Idzetiliire's loal't-nru — Trte violent Jlorms — /tii account of KaLcora, -ubo beaded tbe parly tintl killtdckr 
 people — Tw) youths embark on hardlbe kefolutioii to attend Omiah — liijlcriiiil, critical, and nautical ohjervations — Tbt 
 adjacent cou It ry of ^leen Charlotte's Sound dcfcribed — The foil, plants, aniiiuls, i3c. — // dejhiplion of the perfons and 
 tujloms of heinbaiilants — Their drefs, ornameiils, buildini^s, arts, canoes, boats, iveapons, i^c— Their horrid crtu-Uy l» 
 their enemies, when pri/eners, wbofe bodies they mangle and eat. — Extra./ from a voculmlary of their lanj^uage. 
 
 HAVING made the land of .Mew Zealand, we ftecrcd 
 for Cape Farewell, which, on Tuefday the nth, 
 at day-1/rcak, bore S. by W. dillant about 4 leagues. 
 In rou.iding the cape we had fifty fathoms water over 
 a fanriy bottom. At nine o'clock P. M. we came up 
 with Stephens's ifland, and by ten, the next morning, 
 be'Ag the 1 2th, wc cad anchor, and took our Nation 
 i'l Ship Cove, Queen Charlotte's Sound. In the after- 
 noon we landed a number of empty water caiks, and 
 cleared a place for two obfervatories. We likcwife fct 
 up tents for the guard, and of fuch of our people, 
 whofe bufinefs might make it necelFary for them to re- 
 main en (horc. In the mean time feveral canoes, filled 
 with natives, came along fide of the ihips; but very 
 few of thofc who were in them would venture aboard. 
 This appeared the more extraordinary, as captain Cook 
 was well known to them all: one, in particular, hi;d 
 bean treated by him with dillinguilhcd kindnefs, during 
 his (Vay here in a former voyage : yet now, neither pro- 
 felTionsof friendfliip, nor prefcnts, could prevail upon 
 this man to come into the Ihip. We could only account 
 |br this referve by fuppofing, that we had revilited their 
 country, in order to revenge the death of captain Fur- 
 neaux's people, -■ ho had been killed here. But upon 
 captain Cook's alluring them of the continuance of his 
 friendlhip, and that he fliould not moled them on that 
 account, they foon laid afide all appearance of fufpi- 
 cion and diftruft. On Thurfday the 13th, we pitched 
 two tents, one for each fliip, on the fame fpot where 
 we had formerly er&f ti them. We alfo fet up the ob- 
 fervatories, in which MeiTrs.Kingand Bailey immediately 
 commenced their agronomical operations. Two of our 
 men were employed in brewing fpruce beer; while 
 others filled the water calks, colledcd grafs for the cat- 
 tle, and cut wood. Thofe who remained on board 
 were occupied in repairing the rigging, and performing 
 the necelfary duties of the ihips. A guard of marines 
 was appointed for the protcdion of the different par- 
 tics on (hore, and arms were given to the workmen, to 
 repel all attacks from the natives, if they had been in* 
 dined to moled us -, but this did not appear to be the 
 oafc: for during the courfe of this day, a great number 
 of families came from ditfereni parts of the coaft, and 
 took up their refidence clofe by us ; (b there was not a 
 fpot in the cove where a hut could be put up, that was 
 not occupied by them, except the place where wc had 
 fixed our little encampment. The facility with which 
 they build their temporary habitations, is very remark- 
 able. They have been feen to ere(5t taore than t^yenty 
 of them on a fpot of ground, that, not an hour birfore, 
 was covered with Ihrubs and plants. They generally 
 bring fome part of the materials with them; the reft 
 {lacy find upon the premifea. Our Captain was preicnt 
 
 when a number of people landed, and built one of their 
 villages. The canoes had no fooncr reached the flioret 
 than the men leaped out, and took poUlfTion of a piece 
 of ground, by tearing up the plants and flirubs, orliick-* 
 ing up fome part of the framing of a hut. They then 
 returned to their canoes, and fccured their weapons, br 
 fettingthemupagainft a tree, or placing them in fucit 
 apofition, that they could be laid hold of in an indanr; 
 \Vhile the men were thus employed, the womer. were 
 not idle. Some were appointed to take care of the 
 canoes; others to fecure the provilions, and tlic few 
 utcnfils in their pofTefTion ; and the red went to gathe# 
 dry dicks, that a fire might be prepared for drclling 
 their viduals. Thefe huts are uifiiciently calculatea 
 foradbrdingdielter from the rain and wind. The fame 
 tribe, or family, however large, generally allbciate and 
 build together ; fo that we frequently faw a village, as 
 well as their larger towns.divided into dittcrcnt diltrids, 
 by low pallifades, or a fimilar method of feparation< 
 We received sonfiderable advantage from the natives 
 thus coming to take up their relidence with us : for 
 every day lome of them were employed in catching 
 fidi, a good (hare of which we generally procured by 
 exchanges. This fupply, and what our own nets and 
 lines anbrded us, was fo ample, that we feldom were 
 in want of fifli. Belides which, we had other refre(h- 
 ments in abundance. Celery, fcurvy.grafs, and port- 
 able foup, were boiled with the peale and wheat, for 
 both fhips companies, every day, and they had fpruce 
 hecrforthcirdrink. Such a regimen would foon have 
 removed all feeds of the fcurvy from our people, if an^ 
 of them had contraded it ; but the truth is, on our ar- 
 rival here, we h'ad only two invalids in both (hip, on 
 the fick lid, and thefe were on board the Rcfolution. 
 We were occafionally vifitcd by other natives, befidea 
 thofe who lived clo(c to us. 'Their articles of traffic 
 were fi(h, curiofities, and women; the two fird of 
 which were eafily difpofed of, but the latter did noc 
 come to a good market, our crew having conceived a 
 diflike to them. Captain Cook obferves upon this oc« 
 cafion, that he onnived at a connexion with women, 
 bccaufe he could not prevent it ; but that he never en. 
 r ; -^ed it, becauf; he dreaded the confequences. " I 
 knu,^, ir^deed, fays tnc Captain, that many men are of 
 opinion, that fuch an intercourfe is one of^ our greated 
 fecurities omongd favages; and perhaps they who^ 
 cither from neceflity or cnoice, are to remain and fettle 
 with them, may nnd it fo. But with travellers and 
 tranfient vidtors, fuch as wc were, it is generally other* 
 wife; and, in our fituation, a connexion with their wo« 
 men betrays more men than it faves. What elfe cait 
 be reafonably cxpeded, fince all their views arc felfifh, 
 without the lead mixture of te^ard or attachment. 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFJC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 429 
 
 ' nw/- 
 \leU cur 
 
 fHJ •fsi 
 
 My own experience, at leifl, which hath been pretty 
 exienfive, hath noc pointed oUl to me one inftancc to 
 the contrary," . , „ . 
 
 Among our occafi-wal vifiton was a chief called 
 Kahoora, who headed the party that cut off captain 
 Furneaux'i people 1 and himfeir killed Mr. Rowc. the 
 officer who commanded. He wai far from being be- 
 loved by his countrymen, fome of whom even impor- 
 tuned capuin Cook to kill him, at the fame time ex- 
 prefling their difapprobation of him in the fcvcrcft 
 tcmu. A ftrikinc proof of the divifions that prevail 
 among thefe people occurred to us; for the inhabit. 
 anu of each village, by turns, folicitcd our Comnun- 
 der to deftroy the other. On the 1 5th, wc made an 
 cxcurfion, in fearch after grafs, and vifitcd a Hippah, 
 or fortified village, at the S. W. point of the illand of 
 Motuara, and the places where our garden had been 
 planted. We found many of the plants and roots in a 
 flouriftiing condition in the fpots that had been culti- 
 vated by captain Furneaux's people, but of the feeds 
 fown by Mr. Bailey in 1773, not the Icaft vcftige re- 
 mained. It is probable they had been rooted out to 
 make room for buildings, when the village was rein- 
 habited. At the other gardens, now wholly over-run 
 with weeds, wc found cabbages, onions, Iccks, purdain, 
 radilhes, muftard, and a few potatoes. Thefe lal^ 
 brought from the Cape of Good Hope, had been 
 greatly improved by change of foil, and by proper cul- 
 tivation, would be fupcrior to thofc produced in rrioft 
 other countries : but the New Zealanders, though fond 
 of this root, had not taken the trouble to plant a fmglc 
 one; but were it not for the difficulty of clearing the 
 ground where poutocs had once been planted, there 
 would not have been any now remaining. As to the 
 hippah, we found no people in it, but the houfes and 
 pallifadcs had been rebuilt, and were now in a ftate of 
 good repair; and we faw evident marks of its having 
 been inhabited not long before. 
 
 On the 1 6th, the two CapUins, accompanied by 
 Omiah and feveral officers, fet out, in five boats, to 
 collei!l fodder for the cattle. Having proceeded about 
 three leagues up the found, they landed on the E. Me, 
 where they cut a quantity of grafs, fufficient to load two 
 launches. On their return down the found, they vi- 
 fitcd Grafs Cove, the place where captain Furneaux's 
 people had been murdered. While on this memorable 
 fpot, curiofity induced them to enquire into the cir- 
 cumftances attending the melancholy fate of our coun- 
 trymen. Here they met with captain Cook's old friend 
 Pedto, who is mentioned by him in the hiflory of his 
 fecond voyage. He and another New Zealander re- 
 ceived them on the biach, armed with the fpcar and 
 patoo, though not without manifeft' figna of fear. 
 Their apprehenfions, however, were quickly diflipated 
 by a few prcfents, which brought down to the fliore two 
 or three other families. Omiah we are informed was 
 made ufe of as an interpreter between our people and 
 the natives, his language being a dialed of that of New 
 Zealand : but in a journal, belonging to a gentleman on 
 board the Difcovcry, this circumftancc is differently re- 
 lated, and as this, and the cfiaradcr of Omiah, is con- 
 trary to that given by the company of the Kcfolution, 
 we (hall here lay it before our readers. " Omiah, who 
 could fcarce make himfelf underftood, nor indeed could 
 he underffand the natives fo well as many of the com- 
 mon men who had been frequently here before; yet be- 
 ing a favourite with captain Cook, was always preferred 
 when in company, to confer with the natives, and was 
 defired by htm, when he met any of them alone, to 
 queffion them concerning the maffacrc of our people 
 that had^ happened fome time ago, and from what 
 caufe it took its rife t and he hoped to come at the 
 truth, as the natives, in general, ^ere friendly and 
 ready to furnifli the (hips with whatever their country 
 affbixled. But from what Omiah was able to learn.cap- 
 tain Cook received no fatisfadtion. It fhould feem, 
 that in Otaheite there are twodialeds fpoken, as in al- 
 moft every other part of the world ; one by the prieffs, 
 and another by the common people. This was appa- 
 rent here; for Tupiawha accompanied Mr. Banks to 
 
 No. $3. 
 
 
 this place, in captain Cook's fecond voyage round the! 
 world, could converfc w ith the natives fluently, and wa4 
 in fuch cOcem with them, that his memory is held in 
 veneration from one end of the ifland to the other at 
 this day; Obedce likcwifc,who was of the cla*^* of arc- 
 ocs, or gentlemen, and who ai;com|janicd captain Cook, 
 in his laft voyage, from Oiaheite to the Hebrides, New 
 Zealand, Eader Illand, and the Marquifas. could con- 
 verfc with the New Zealanders, though Omiah could 
 not, a proof that he was of the inlcripr dafs in his own 
 country. While we continued here, he found frequent 
 opportunities todifcovcr his real charadlcr, when from 
 under the watchful eye of his proydor and friend. He 
 had grog always at his command, and was fontetimea 
 entrudcd to give it out, efpecialU^ when any extra 
 quantity was to be delivered by the Captain's orders for 
 hard fervice, or on days of feftivity. At thofe time* 
 he was riofcly watched, and was never know n to run 
 into exccfs; but when the Captain was abroad lor whole 
 days and nights, and he left in charge of liquors, he fi*t 
 no bounds to his exccfs, and would drink, till he wal- 
 lowed like a fwinc in his own filth. At thofc times he 
 outaclcd the favage in every kind of rcnfuality; and 
 when he could no longer adl the brute, he would often 
 ail the drunkard; Oorming, roaring, brandilhing hi;i 
 aims, and by the contortions of his mouth and face, 
 fctting at defiance, after the manner of his country, the 
 whole hoftof his enemies, who were rcprcfcntod by the 
 common failors, with whom, upon thefe occalions, he 
 was generally furroundcd ; and w ho knew how to prac- 
 tice upon him, as he endeavoured to do upon the poor 
 Zealanders. He was indeed far from being ill naturcd, 
 morofe, or vindiii^ivc; but he was fometimcs fulky. 
 He was naturally humble, but had grown proud by 
 habit; and pride fo ill became him, that he was al- 
 ways glad when he could put it off, and appear among 
 the petty officers with his natural cafe. This was the 
 true character of Omiah, (in the opinion of our journa- 
 lift), who might be faid, perhaps, by accident, to have 
 been raifcd to the highcft pitch of human happincfs, 
 only tofuffcr the oppolite extreme, by being again re- 
 duced to the lowcft order of rational beings." 
 
 Pedio, and the reft w ho were prcfcnt of the natives, 
 anl'wcrcd all the qucftions put by Omiah, by captain 
 Conk's orders, without refcrvc, like men who had no 
 concern in the unfortunate tranfaclion at CJiafs Cove. 
 Their infornwtion imported, that while the boats-crew 
 of the Adventure were at dinner, fome of the native* 
 Hole, or fnatchcd fVointhnn, loine lifli and bread, (or 
 which offence they received fome blows ; a quarrel en- 
 fued immediately, and two of the New Zealanders were 
 (hot dead, by the only two mufqucts that were fired ; 
 for before a third was difchargcd the natives ruflied fu- 
 rioufly upon our people, and, being fupcrior in number, 
 dcrtroyed them all. Pedro, and nis companions, alfo 
 pointed out the fpot where the quarrel happened, and 
 the place where the boat lay, in which a black fcrvant 
 of captain Furneaux had been left to take care of ir. 
 According to another account, this negro was the oc- 
 cafionof the quarrel; for one of the natives ftealing 
 fomething out of the boat, the black gave him a vio- 
 lent blow with a (lick. His countrymen hearing his 
 cries, at fome diftance, imagined he was killed, and im- 
 mediately attacked our people, who before they could 
 reach the boat, or prepare themfelves againft the unex- 
 pected affault, fell a facrif -e to the fury of the exafpc- 
 rated (avagcs. The former of thefe accounts was cor- 
 roborated by the teftimony of many other natives, who 
 could have no intered in dilguifing the truth. The 
 latter account refts upon the authority of the young 
 New Zealander, who quitted his country for the fake of 
 going with us, and who, therefore, could itet, as wie 
 may reafonably fuppofe, be inclined to deceive ta. 
 As they all agreed, that the affray happened while the 
 boat's-crew were at dinner, both the accounts may bt 
 true; for it is by no means improbable, that, while fome 
 of the iflanders were Aealing from the man who had 
 been left to guard the boat, others might take equal li- 
 berties with thofe who were on (horc. It appears, that 
 there was no premeditated plan of bloodlhed, and 
 S Q.. that. 
 
 ; <] 
 
 m 
 
 ,Nl 
 
 -f.L 
 
430 
 
 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 that, if thcfe thefts had not been rather too hadily re- |l 
 fcntcd, all mifchicf would have been avoided i for Ka- 
 hoora'i greateft enemici acknowledged, that he had no 
 prcvioui intention of quarrelling. With regard to the 
 Doat, fame faid, that it had been pulled to piecet and 
 burnt I while others allcrted, that it had been carried off 
 by a party of ftrangcrs. Wc have received from a gen- 
 tleman on board the Difcovery (bme other remarkable 
 particulars, relating to this myfterious affair, included 
 in the relation of an adventure, which, though the 
 parties arc not of the highcit clafs, our readers, notwith- 
 Handing, may think worth relating. 
 
 Belonging to the Difcovery was a youth, with whom 
 t voung Zealander girl, about fourteen vears of age, 
 fell defperatcly in love, nor wu (he wholly indifferent 
 to our adventurer. What time he could fpare, he ge- 
 nerally retired with her, and thev fpent the day, but 
 oftencr the night, in a kind of filent converfation, in 
 which, though words were wanting, their meaning was 
 
 fterfcc'tly underffood. Moments Hy rapidly on, that are 
 pent in mutual endeavours to pleafe. She, on her part, 
 had no will but his own, and he, in return, was no lefs 
 attentive to hers. Minds fo difpofol naturally incline 
 to render theinfelvcs agreeable. A conformity in man- 
 ners and drefs become figniiicant figns between lovers. 
 Though he appeared amiablcin her eyes in the drefs of 
 a ffranger, yet he wifticd to render himfelf more fo, 
 by ornamenting his perfon after the faffiion of her coun- 
 try; accordingly he fubmitted to be tattowed from head 
 to foot: nor was (lie lefs folicitous to fet off herfelf to 
 the bcil advantage. She had fine hair, and her chief 
 pride was in the drefs of her head. The pains (lie 
 took, and the decorations (lie ufed, would have done 
 honour to an European beauty, had not one thing been 
 wanting to render it Rill more pleaflng. Ghowannahe 
 (that was her name) though young, was not fo delicate, 
 b'lt that the traits of her country might be traced in 
 her locks. To remedy this misfortune, and to render 
 it lefs offeniive, (he was furnifhed with combs, and 
 taught by her lover how to ufe them. After being pro- 
 perly prepared, he would by the hour amufe himfelf 
 with forming her hair into ringlets, wlych flowed care- 
 lefsly round her neck, with a kind of coronet rifing 
 from her temples, gave her an air of dignity, that 
 addeid ftcfh charms to the brilliancy of her eyes. The 
 diflike arifing from colour gradually wore off', and the 
 ardent defirc of rendering their fentimcnts more and 
 more intelligible to each other, gave rife to a new lan- 
 guage, confilting of w ?rds, looks, and gcfturcs, by which 
 pleafure and pain were more forcibly exprefTed than by 
 the moft refined fpccch. Having at firll acquired the 
 art of imparting their pailions, they very foon im- 
 proved it to the ftory of their lives. Love and Jealoufy 
 diredled her enquiries concerning the women in the 
 world from whence became, widiing, at the fame time, 
 that he would (lay with her, and be a Kakikoo or chief. 
 He made her to underffand, that t(ie women in her 
 country were all tatoo (man-killers) and if he ffafcd 
 with her (he would kilt him. She replied no; (he 
 would ch-na-row, love him. He faid her people would 
 kill him. She replied no, if he did not fhgot them. 
 He made her to underffand, that nine or ten of the men 
 of this world, had been killed and eaten by her people, 
 though they did not (hoot them. Her anfwcr was, that 
 was a great while ago, and the people came from the 
 hills roa, roa, meaning a great way off". This excited 
 his curiofity to know, if any of her relations were 
 among the murderers; (he fighed, and appeared much 
 affedlcd, when he afked her that quellion. He de- 
 manded if (lie was at the feaff when they broiled and 
 cat the men? She wept, and, looking wifhfully at him, 
 hung down her head. He became ftill more prcfTing as 
 Ihe grew more referved. He tried every winning way 
 that love and curiofity iu^efted, to learn from her what 
 he found flie knew , and wmt (he feemcd fo determined 
 to conceal : but (lie artfully evaded all his queflions. 
 He afked her, why (he wu fo fccret ? She pretended 
 not to undcrftand him. He repeated the fame qucf- 
 tion, at the fame time clofing his eyes and keeping them 
 Ihut. Shecpntinued to yrcep, but made biinnQ an- 
 
 fwcr. Finding all his pcrfuafionsinefliraual, he turned 
 from her, feemingly in anger, and threatened tu leave 
 her. She caught him round the neck in a violent agi- 
 tation of mind. He afked her what fhc meant, and 
 why (he wept? She faid, they would kill her if (he told. 
 He faid, thev fhould not know it. Then he would hate 
 her. fhe faid. He anfwercd no, but love her more and 
 more, prelling her to his hofi>m at the fame time : upon 
 which (he grew more comixifed, and faid (he would tell 
 him all ftie knew. She then made him underftand, that 
 one Gooboa.a bad man, who had been often at the (hip, 
 and had ftolcn many things, when he came to know 
 that it was preparing to depart, went up into the hill coun. 
 try, to the hippah, and invited the warriors to coma 
 down and kill the ftrangers. 'They at firll rclufcd, fay- 
 inaj, the ftrangers were (Ironger than they, and would 
 kill them with their pow-pow, or fir« arms. He told 
 them, they need not fear, (or he knew where they muft, 
 come befl)rc they departed, in orderto get grafs (or their 
 goury, or cattle, and that on fuch occalions they left 
 their pow-pow behind them in the fhip, or carclcfsly 
 about the ground, while they were at work. They faid, 
 they were no enemies but friends, and they mull not 
 kill men with whom tlicy were in fricndOup. Gooboa 
 Paid, they were vile enemies and wicked men, and com* 
 plained of their chaining him, and beating him, and 
 (hewed them the marks and bruifes he had received at 
 the (liip t and told them brlides, how they might (iicnce 
 their pow-pow, by only throwing «ater over thcni, 
 and then they could not hurt them. Gooboa likcwife 
 undertook to coiidiiifl them in fafrty to the place where 
 the (Irangcrs were to come, and (licwcd thcni where 
 they might conceal thcmfclvcs. till he (liould come and 
 give them notice; which he did. That when the men 
 were bufy about getting grafs, and not apprehending 
 any danger or harm, the warriors rulhed out upon thcni, 
 and killed them, and afterwards dividcil their bodies 
 among them. She added, that there were women as 
 well as men concerned ; and that the women made the 
 fires, while the warriors cut the dead bodies in pieces. 
 That they did not eat them all at once, but only their 
 hearts and fivers; that the warriors had the heads, 
 which were eftecmed the befl, and the reft of the He(h 
 was diftributed among the croud. Havinj^ by various 
 queftions in the courfcof fcvcral da)S, extorted this re- 
 lation, of which, he faid, he had no reafon to doubt the 
 truth, he forbore to alk her, what part her relations and 
 harfelfboiein this tragedy, as there was reafon to be- 
 lieve, they were all equally concerned. He was, how- 
 ever, very folicitous to learn, if any fuch plot was now in 
 agitation againft the people that might befenf, upon 
 the fame fcrvice to Grals Cove, or any other conve- 
 nient place. Her anfwcr was, no: the warriors were 
 afraid at firfl, that the (liips were come to revenge the 
 death of their friends, and that was the reafon w hy (he 
 was forbidden to fpeak of killing the llrangcrs, or to 
 own any knowledge of that incident, fliould fhc be 
 queffioned concerning it. She laid, (lie was but a 
 child, not ten years old; but (he remembered the talk 
 of it, as a gallant adion of great atchicvement, and that ' 
 fongs of praife ucre made upon that occafion. In the 
 courfe of his convcrliition witii this girl, who feemed to 
 be of the fccond clafs, he learned many things con- 
 cerning the natural temper o( the natives, and their do- 
 meftic policy. She faid, the people of T'Avi-Poc- 
 nammoo.or thcfouthern diviflonof the ifland, were a 
 fierce bloody people, and had a natu al hatred to :!<c 
 people of Ea-hci-no-mauwc, and f.illed them, when 
 found at any time in their country; but that the people 
 of Ea-hei-no-mauwe were a cood people, and friendly 
 to one another, but never fuffcred any of the people of 
 T'Avi-Foenammoo to fettle among them, becaufe they 
 were enemies ; that thefe two nations, the people of tl.c 
 north part of the found, and thofc of the fouth, were 
 tver at war, and cat one another; but that the people 
 of either country, when they fought, never eat one ano- 
 ther. With refpcd to their domeffic policy, (he faid, 
 the fathers had the fole care of the boys as foon as they 
 could walk, and that the girls were left wholly at their 
 mother's difpofal. She laid, it was a crime for a mo- 
 ther 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 43 « 
 
 iher to corrtft her (on, after he wm once taken under 
 the protection of thf father j and that it was aiwayi re- 
 fentcd by the mother, if the father interfered with the 
 management of the daughters. She faid, the boys, 
 from their infancy, were trained to war, and l)oth boys 
 and girls weie taught the arts of fifhing, weaving their 
 nets, and making their hooks and lines: that their 
 canoes came from a far country, and they got them in 
 exchange for cloth, which was chielly manufactured 
 by the women : that their weapons and working tools 
 defcended from father to fon, and that thofc who 
 were taken in battle fupplicd the rifmg generation: 
 that they had no kings antong them, but that they had 
 men who converfcd with the dead, who were held in 
 great veneration, and confultcd before the people went 
 to the wars i that thefe were the men who addrclfcd 
 hrangers that came upon the coall.tirll in the language 
 of peace, at the fame time denouncing venccanee 
 agamll them, if they came with any hottilc delign: 
 that their pcrfons were held facred, and never killed 
 in the wars, which ever fide prevailed : that when the 
 warriors of either nation made prifoners, they were 
 never of the meaner fort, but of fome chiefs, whom 
 tht/f afterwards killed and cat, but that to the com- 
 mon fort they never gave quarter : that they fometimes 
 tortured an enemy, if they found him lurking fingly in 
 the woods, looking upon him as coming upon no good 
 dcfign; but never othcrwife: that they lived chiefly 
 upon fi(h, which were caught in the found in abun- 
 dance, during the fummcr i but that in the winter they 
 retired to the north, where they fubfiftcd on the fruits 
 of the earth, with which they were fupplied for their 
 labour, working in the plantations, or aflifting the 
 builders in fabricating their boats. The intelligence 
 thus obtained from thu young Zealandcr appears to be 
 authentic from many circumftanccs; but chiefly from 
 obferving, that the large veflels that came from the 
 north to trade, feveral of them having 90 or 100 pcr- 
 fons on board, had never any iifli to fell, but were laden 
 with the various manufactures of cloth, wood, and 
 green (tones, formed into implements of ufe, or con- 
 filting of raw materials ready prepared for fabrication. 
 Their crews appeared to Ik of a fuperior clafs to thofe 
 who conltantly plied in the found, and were under pro- 
 per difciplinei whereas the filhing boats fccincd to be the 
 fole property of the occupiers, no other pcrfon claiming 
 any luperiority over them. 
 
 Our party belonging to the Rcfolution continued in 
 Grafs Cove till the evening, when having lo-idcd the 
 reft of the boats with grafs, ccllery, &;c. we then cm- 
 barked to return to the (hips ; but had fcaaely Icf'i the 
 (hore, when the wind began to blow violently at N. \V. 
 fothat it was not without great dilliculty that we could 
 reach the fhips, where fome of the boats did not arrive 
 till the next morning , and we had but juft got aboard, 
 when the gale increafed to a perfedl Itorm, attended 
 with heavy rain : but, in the evening, the wind veering 
 to the ea(t, brought on fair weather. No work could 
 go forward on the 17th, but on the 1 8th our men re- 
 turned their diifer^t employments, the natives ventured 
 out to catch fifh, and Pedro with his whole family, came 
 torefidenearus. Thepropcr name of this chief is Mata- 
 houah ; but fome of Captain Cook's company had given 
 him the appellation of Pedro in a former voyage. On 
 Thurfday the 20th, we had another (torm, of lefs duration 
 than the former, but much more violent ; and we had 
 fcarcely men enough on board to hand the fails. By 
 ten o'clock, A. M. the (trong gales drove the Difcovery 
 from her moorings ; and it was owing to provideiKc 
 that, having run foul of the Rcfolution, (he did not 
 |xri(h, the £rgc carrying her off inftantaneoufly, with 
 little damage to either (hip. All hands on l)oard were 
 thrown into the utmoft confufion. No fooner was (he 
 clear than both (hips got down top-gallant-yards, 
 (truck top-gallant-ma(ts, lowered theyaras, got in the 
 cables, moored with their bed bower anchors, and 
 happily rode out the dorm. Thefe rempclts are fre- 
 quent here ; and the nearer the (hore, the more their 
 effects are felt ( for the neighbouring mountains, which, 
 at thefe times, are loaded with vapours, not only in- 
 
 creafe the force of the wind, but alter its direction in 
 fuch a manner, that no two blafti follow each other 
 from the fame quarter. The gale continuing the whole 
 day, no Indians came to trade. On the 3 iff, a tritw 
 or family of about 30 perfons came from the upper 
 
 Cart of the found to vifit us, whom we had not leen 
 efbre. Their chief was named Toinatoiigeauooranuc. 
 He was about the age of forty-five, having a frank, 
 chearful countenancei and the reft of his tribe were, 
 tii)on the whole, the molt handfome of all the New 
 Zcalanders that we had fcen. By this time upward* 
 of two-thirds of the natives of Queen Charlotte's 
 Sound had fettled near us, numbers of whom daily re- 
 fortcd to the (hips, and our encampment on Ihore ; but 
 the latter was molt frequented, during the time when 
 our people were making feal-blubtjeri for no Green- 
 landers were ever fonder of train oil, than our friends 
 here feemed to be: they rclilhed even the dregi of the 
 calks, and (kimmings of the kettle, and confidercd 
 the neat (tinking oil as a molt delicious fealt. Having 
 got on board a fupply of hay and grafs, fuflicicnt for 
 the cattle during our pafThge to Otaheitc ; and having 
 complcated our wood and water, \vc (truck our tents, 
 and brought every thing off from the (hore. 
 
 On the 23d, in the morning, the old Indian, who had 
 harangued the captains when they approached the 
 fhore, repaired on board the Difcovery, and made a 
 prefent to her captain of a compleat (land of their 
 arms, and fome very excellent (ifn, which were kindly 
 received ; and, in return. Captain CIcrkc gave him a 
 brafs patoo-patoo, made exaClly in their fafliion and 
 manner, on which were engraven his majcfty's name 
 and arms, the names of the ffiips, the date ()f their de- 
 parture from England, and the bufincG they were fcnt 
 upon; he gave him likewifc a hatchet, a knife, fome 
 glafs ornaments, and nails, which he hij^hly pri/.ed, 
 though of finall value. In the evening fome of the 
 natives brought a man Iraund, whom they oUcrcd to 
 fell, but their offer being reieCted, they carried him 
 back, and in the night, a molt horrid yelling was heard 
 in the woods, which excited the curiolity of our gen- 
 tlemen to examine into the caufe. The cutter wal 
 ordered to be manned, a party of marines to be put 
 on board, and the two captains, with proper attendants, 
 directed their courfe to the welt-fide of the bay, where 
 they faw feveral fires juft lighted, and where they hoped 
 to have furprized the natives, before they had put their 
 poor captive to death, whom they had jult before con- 
 iigncdtodavcry ; but inthishopethcy weredifappointed. 
 Though the natives appeared friendly during our 
 (tay, it was judged proper to keep the time of our de- 
 parture fccrct till all things were on board, and we 
 were ready to fet fail. This precaution Captain Cook 
 thought the more necelTary from what we knew of the 
 treachery of the favages. By not allowing them to 
 concert any new plot, he fecured effectually our foraging 
 parties from the danger of a furprizc, and by fuddenly 
 giving orders to fail, he prevented our men from ram- 
 bling after the women when their bufinefs was done, 
 which they never failed to do whenever it was in their 
 power. The foraging parties here mentioned arc 
 thofe who were fent to the coves, at the diltance of 
 perhaps three or four leagues from the (hips, to cut 
 grafs for the live fi<Kk, and to gather herbs to boil 
 with the portable foup for the men ; and thofe who 
 were ftationed in the woods, to get fpruce to brew into 
 beer for their prefervation from the fcurvy, againft 
 which that liquor, as we have already obfcrvcd, waf 
 found a molt powerful antidote. Of grafs and herbs 
 a large quantity was brought on board, and of fpruce 
 as much as f;rvcd the two crews for drink near thirty 
 days, during which time no grog was delivered our. 
 The parties ordered upon thefe ferviccs went alw:.y| 
 well armed, and were guarded by marines, though 
 Captain Cook entertained very high notions of the 
 honour as well as bravery of the New Zcalanders. 
 
 On Monday the 24' h, wc weighed anchor, and (tood 
 out of the Cove ; but the wind not being fo fair as we 
 could have wifhcd, and knowing the tide of ebb would 
 be fpent before wc could get out of the found, wc caft 
 
 anchor 
 
 
 im. 
 
 >i 
 
 ; :■. (I 
 
 ;fi 
 
 I 
 
43* 
 
 Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 li' 
 
 
 d 
 
 anchor again a little without the ifland of Motuare, to 
 wait for a niurr f4Vourab(e opportunity of putting into 
 Cook's Strait. While we Merc getting under fail, the 
 captain gave to Tonutongcauooranuc two pigs, a boar 
 and a fowi and to Matahouah two goats, a male and 
 female, after they had promifcd not to dcltrnv them. 
 As to the animals which Cantain Furneaux had left here, 
 we were told they were all dead i but no intelligence 
 could be obtained concerning thofc Captain Cock had 
 left in Well Hay, and in (.'nnnibal Cove, in his former 
 voyage: however, all the natives we convcrfed with 
 agreed, that poultry arc now to be met with wild in 
 tne woods benind Ship Covci and we were afterwards 
 informed, by the two New Zealand youths, who went 
 away with us, that Tiratou, a popular chief, had in his 
 poflclfion many cocks .ind hens, bcfides a fow. We had 
 not been long at anchor near Motuara^ before feveral 
 canoes, tili; J with natives, came towards us, and we 
 carried on a brifk trade with them for curiofitics. In 
 one of thefe canoes was Kahoora, whom Omiah pointed 
 out immediately to Captain Cook ; and he being the 
 leader of the party who had cut ort" the crew of the 
 Adventure's boat, Omiah folicited our commander to 
 (lioot him. Not fatisfied with this, he addrelFcd him. 
 felf to that chief, threatening to be his executioner, 
 fliould he ever prefumc to vifit us again : but this 
 menace had lo little inHuciicc upon Kanoora, that he 
 returned to us the next morning, accompanied with 
 his whole family. Omiah, having obtained Captain 
 pnok's pennilTion, introduced him into the cabbin, 
 faying, " There is Kahoora, kill him," but fearing, 
 perhaps, he fliould be called upon to put his former de- 
 claration in execution, he inflantly retired. In a (hort 
 lime, however, he returned t and perceiving the chief 
 remained unhurt, he remonftrated to the captain with 
 much earneftnefs, faying, " Why do you not kill him? 
 If a man kills another \n England he is hanged: this 
 man has killed ten, yet you wdl not kill him." Thefe 
 arguments, however plaufible, had no weight with our 
 commander, who defired Omiah toalkthc New Zealand 
 Chief, why he had killed Captain Furneaux's people? 
 Confounded at this qucdion, Kahoora hung down his 
 head, folded his arms and feemcd in expc<ftation of 
 immediate death: but as foon as he was aflured of 
 fafcty, he became chearful. He appeared, however, 
 ftill unwilling to anfwer the qucllion which had been 
 put to him, till after rejxiatcd promifcs. that no violence 
 Ih )uld be oiTcrcd him. Upon this he at lad ventured 
 to inform us, that one of the natives having brought a 
 ftone hatchet for the purpofe of barter, the nerfon to 
 whom it was offered took it, and refufed eiti.^i to re- 
 turn it, or give any thing in exchange for the fame, 
 w hereupon the owner fcized fome bread as an equiva- 
 lent, and this gave rife to the quarrel that enfucd. He 
 alfo faiJ, th.it he himfcif during the diflurbancc had a 
 narrow efcape; for a mufquet was levelled at him, 
 which he found means to avoid by flculking behind 
 the boat ; but another man, who happened to fland 
 ( lofc to him, was fliot dead. As foon as the mufquet 
 was difcharRcd, he, (Kahoora,) inflantly attacked Mr. 
 Kow, the officer, commander of the party, who ilefend- 
 rd himfcif with his hanger, ('with which he gave 
 Kahoora a wound in the arm,) till he was overpowered 
 by numbers. The remainder of Kahoora 's account of 
 this unhappy afliiir, differed very little from what wc 
 had before learnt from the reft of his countrymen. 
 MolV of thefe whom we had convcrfed with, expedlcd 
 that Captain Cook would take vengeance on Kahoora 
 tor his concern in the mafliicrc; and many of them not 
 only w ilhed it, but tcililied their furprizc at the cap- 
 t tin's forbearance and moderation. As the chief mud 
 have been made acquainted w ith the fentimcnts of the 
 nitivcs, it was a matter ofartoni(hment,that he fooftcn 
 put himfcif in our power : his twolafl vilits, in particular, 
 were made under fuch circumflances, that he could not 
 have flattered himfelf with a probability of efcaping, 
 had the captain been inclined to deuin him : ana yet, 
 when his firfl fears, on being queflioned, had fubfldedf 
 fo far was he froin entertaining uncafy fenfations, that, 
 on feeing in the cfibbin a portrait of a New Zealanfler, 
 
 he requclted that hit own likencfs mi^ht be uken, and 
 without the fmallcft token of impjtiencv, fu till Mr. 
 Webber had fuiiflied his portrait. Captain Cook mU 
 mired hit courigc, and was pleafcd with the confidence 
 which he repolcd in him i for he placed hit whoM 
 fafety in the uniform declarations of the captain i thai 
 he had always been a friend to the natives, and would 
 continue fotill thry gave him reafon to behave other* 
 wife I that he fliiHild think no more of their barbarotu 
 treatment of our countrymen, as that tranfadion had 
 happened long ago; but that, if they fliould ever ven- 
 ture to imke a fecond attempt of that kind, they might 
 reft aflured of feeling the full weight of his refentmcnt. 
 Mr. Hurncy.whom Ciiptain Furneaux difpatchcd, with 
 an armed party, in feanhof his peonle who were mif. 
 fitig, had, upon difcovering the melancholy proofs of 
 this cataflrophc, fiicd fcveial vollies among the natives 
 who were flill on the fpot, and were probably partaking 
 of the horrid banquet of human llcfli. Itwasreafon- 
 able to fuppofe this fning might not be ineflirdtual i 
 but upon inquiry it ap|>eared, that not a Angle pcrfon 
 had been killed, or even wounded, by the fhot which 
 Mr. Uurney's people had difchargcd. 
 
 Wc mull here obfervc, that previous to the flitps 
 failing, the crews of both were ordered upon deck, ai 
 ufual, toanfwer to their names, when one, on lioard 
 the Difcovery, was milling. This was the lover, 
 (whofe epifode, having aiieady begun, we fliall now 
 conclude,) who pretended lickncfs, in order to facili^ 
 tate his efca{K- from the fliip. With this view, as foon 
 as he had pafl'ed the furgcon's examination, and the 
 coafl was clear, he dreflcd himfelf in the habit of a 
 New Zealandcr ; and, being tattowed all over, to fay 
 the truth, the copy was not eafdy to be diflinguiflied 
 from the original. Ghowannahe, who was in the fecret, 
 had alTemblcil her friends together, and fent them on 
 board in order to increafe the crowd, which, upon fuch 
 ocrafioMs, when fliips are ready to fail, arc generally 
 prett> I iimcrous. Among this party he found a fa- 
 vouri^'c opportunity to mix, and haflening to their 
 caput, wiicn the decks were ordered to be cleared, they 
 were not long in paddling to fhore. The pleafure 
 which Ghowannahe cxprellcd, on feeing the fliip fet 
 fail, cannot eafily be conceived, but her joy was of thort 
 continuance. In the afternoon, our adventurer's mefs- 
 mate went down to enquire after his health, and was 
 not a little furpri/.ed when no anfwer was returned. 
 Mc thought, at firfl, he might have retired i but on 
 fcarching every where below to no efltdl, he gave the 
 alann throughout the fhip, when it was difcovered, 
 that he had eloped bag and baggage ; and that the cheft 
 he had left in his birth was empty. A nrtifTenger was 
 inflantly difpatchcd on board the Rcfolution, co know 
 how to proceed ; and when the mcflagc was delivered, 
 the two captains and officers were enjoying their bottle. 
 At firtt it only fumiflied a fubjedl of harmlefs plea- 
 fantry ; but it came to be ferioufly debated at lafl, 
 whether the man fliould be fent for back, or totally 
 deferted. Some were in doubt, whether an accident 
 might not have happened : but that doubt was foon 
 cleared up, when it was known, that his cffedls were 
 miffing as well as the man. Mofl of the officers prc- 
 fent were for leaving him to follow his own humour ; 
 but Capuin Cook thinking it would be a bad prc> 
 cedent, and an encouragement <o other cnamouratocs, 
 when they came to the happier climes, to follow his 
 example, was for fending an armed force, and bringing 
 the lover back at all hazards. Of this opinion was 
 Captain Clerke, with whom this man was a favourite, 
 who gave oiden for the cutter to be properly manned, 
 a f^vjeaiK's guard of marines to be put on bpard, and 
 his meflmatc as a guide to d,in& them to the place 
 where he was to be found. Thefe orders were inflantly 
 carried into execution. It was midnight before the 
 cutter could reach the landing-place, and near two in 
 the morning before the marines could find the fpot 
 where the lovers ufed to meet. They furprized him in 
 a profound fleep, when he was dreaming of only king- 
 doms and diadems; of living with his Ghowannahe in 
 royal ftatc; of being the father of a numerous progeny 
 
 of 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOVaOE— To e PACll , orp.AN, Set, 43? 
 
 of princes to govern the kingilom* Fak^'inommauwc 
 ami r 'Avi-PDcnammoo j aikl o» being the firt\ ftxindcr 
 of a great empire I but what a fuiKlcn tran(ii ^oi* ' to 
 be \v;Iked from thf vifionary fccnc of regal nr»jidcur, 
 and to fimi himfi'lla poor prifoncr, to be ilr.nyjtJ lo 
 puniflimeat for, i . I"' tl' i«ht, • well laid phn of Hio- 
 
 (e, his final reparation from 
 
 \a< a talk he had mil to 
 cnd<T, and for ^ Britifti 
 
 icr, »' not urr^lfcilting. 
 
 firt. "^ tie m.iri' < paid no 
 hecr I'l, and '- icntatloni. 
 
 If did they t' k it fafc to 
 
 narchy 1 and, what w 
 hi* faithful GhoHwni 
 undergo. Their |)»rti 
 (kilor and favage /ca 
 The fccne, however, wan 
 regard to the copiou<i tiar^ 
 mthe poor defcrted piH ; 
 
 torry in a place fo dcroiah where lamcn hc^h in thf 
 night were not unufual to brinjr nufnhi together 
 for the purpofc of (laughter. He wa.», ilirrefor* 
 hurried to the fliorc, followed bv Ghowatlnahc, wH<> 
 could hardly be torn from him, when ready to embar 
 Love, like this, ii only to be found in the regions 
 romance, in thofe enlightened countries, where th. 
 boated refinements of fentimcnt have circumlcril»n> 
 the purity of afTct!Hon, and narrowed it away to mere 
 , conjugal fidelity. He was fcarceon board the cutter, 
 when he recolletf^cd, that he had left his baggage be- 
 hind 1 all that he had provided for laying the founda- 
 tion of his future grandeur. It was therefore necelfary 
 he flmuld ritiri with ihe marines to the magazine, 
 where all hi* (h)ies were dcfwCitcd, and ihefe not a few. 
 Belidcs his working impkmcius, he had a pocket com- 
 pafs, of which he nad thought on fonie future occafion 
 to make a proper ufe. He had alfo a fowling-piete, 
 which had been conveyed away fccretly by Gnowan- 
 nahc. It would be tedious to recouiu the numerous 
 articles that our adventurer had provided. Let it fuffice, 
 that the marines and himfelf were pretty heavily laden 
 ill bringingthem on bo.ird the cutter. It was noon, the 
 next day, £:forehe arrived at the (liips, and the captains 
 began to be in fome fear for the party of mariries, who 
 were fcnt to bring him back. Dcfoie he came in light it 
 "had bcenpropofed totryhim as a d^fertcrj and therefore 
 inllcad of being received in his own fliip, he was 
 ordered on board the Refolution, w here he underwent 
 a long cxamiji&tion, and made a full confefTion of all his 
 views, and of the pains he had taken to bring them to 
 pcrfedtion. He faid, the firll idea of dcfcrtion ftruck 
 nim, when in an cxcurfion round the bay, in which he 
 attended Captain Gierke, he was charmed with the 
 beauty of the country, and the fertility of the foil 1 that 
 Iceing the gardens that had been planted on l.ong 
 I11and,at \^tuara, and other places, in fofiouri(hing a 
 condition ; and that there were European (hcep aild 
 hog», and goats, and fowls, fuflicient to (tuck a large 
 plantation, if colteifled together from the different 
 places where they had been turned lodfc, it came into 
 his head, that if he could meet with a girl that was 
 to his liking, he could be happ^ in introducing the 
 arts of Europe?!! culture into fo hne a country, and in 
 laying the foundation of civil government among its 
 inhabitants. I'his idea improved upon him hourly, 
 and when he happened to meet the girl before men- 
 tioned, who had (eer. him in his tour, and who had 
 toff(>\ted hiinto the tents, and had learnt from herfelf, 
 tliat love had brought her there, it inHamed his deiirc 
 lu'yoiul all boun.ls. .\nd finding her inclination to 
 rieet the wiflicsofhis heart, he no longer hcfitated, 
 but l-yceaine firmly refol.ved, at all events, to yi^ld to 
 the force of inclination. He h.id revolved in his mirtd, 
 he faid, rhe hazard and the reward 1 and had concected 
 Vith CJhbwannahe the plan for his cfcapc. Wnen 
 Captain CiK>k heard his (tory, his refcntmeiu was con- 
 verted into laughter at tlie w ild extravagance of his 
 plan, which he thought truly romantic, and inftcad of 
 trying him for dcfert ion, ordered him on board his own 
 lliip, the Difcovcry, to be puniflicd as Captain Gierke 
 ihoiild rhink proper, >«'ho, on his return aboard, Tent 
 him to the gun 10 receive one dozen of lathes ; and thus 
 terminated all his hopes of being a mighty em^itir. 
 'The diftref'! of Ghowannahc is hardly to be conceived j 
 left a waieful' fpciflacle, to lament her fate. She exprcC- j' 
 No. 5j. 
 
 fird ht*f y ef H" piinu(uir4 km, 
 
 neek, ,1 wKeravcr defiMjF P' 
 
 MSSMJIy ^tnmt : fo thir 
 
 fav^ pet ' *. )*t bodies ' 
 
 ties of the K,. on^ arc n<>t ,.. furceptijile 0/ pain a« 
 
 thofe ol' » finer texture ; othern're, her perfonal fccIinM 
 
 .%...» u - 1^... „ ...nt.„ :.. ) „ . _-. .■ . » - ." 
 
 tin hf 
 npt( 
 
 (XpOi 
 
 c, arms and 
 tod » the 
 
 tb'uc hote 
 to he .. vrri. 
 
 luKlfc iiK* -' lent of thofe of her 
 
 ill now take leave of the twoJoven, 
 
 irtoryt/wr vovMjjr. 
 
 ven oVi/jck, .\. M. when the Refd. 
 
 venr a red the cove, snd about 
 
 ■»fi hor near the ifle of Motutra. 
 
 r ^ Zealand, c lah had exprefTed 
 
 if the natives with him to hit 
 
 iijoi, had in opportunity of sratify. 
 
 id » youth named Taweiharooa, 
 
 muft have \Ktn 
 mind, but u 
 and continue tl 
 It wan aSoiii 
 lution and -I)i 
 eleven when thr 
 Before our arri\., t 
 a dellrc of la^in. 
 own country. Hi 
 
 ;nghiiif nation 1 ^ ...._..„» 
 
 the only ' .fa vkceai^d chief, offered toaccompany 
 him, an Mk. up his relldence on board. Captain 
 Cook u *d it to be made known to him and all hit 
 friends ,nat if the youth departed with ut^ he would 
 never rrturn. This declaration, however, had no effeAt 
 and this siftcrnoon, Taratoutou, his mother, came on 
 board to receive her laft prefcnt from CMiiah. The 
 fame evening (he and Taweiharooa parted, with all the 
 marks of tender alfei.<tion that mighr be expelled be- 
 tween a parent and a child, who wtie never to meet 
 again: But fhe faid flie \vould weep no more, and kept 
 faithfully her word 1 (01 the next morning, when (he 
 returned fo take a laft thrcwcl of her fon, the was quite 
 chearful all rhe time flic remained on board, and de- 
 parted with great uneonc crn. A boy, named Kokoa 
 about ten ten years of ape, accompanied Taweiharooa 
 as a fcrvant: he was prcfented to Captain Cook by his 
 own father, who parted With him with fuch indifference 
 as to flrip him, and leave him entirely naked. The 
 Captain having in vain endeavoured to convince thcfe 
 people of tlv improbability of thcfe youths ever re- 
 turning home, at Icngtii Confcntcd to their going 
 Though much has been faid concerning this country 
 and its inhabitants, in the accounts of Captain Cook'a 
 two former voyages; ytt hi<iobfervattens made at thii 
 time, and the remarks of the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, 
 being the reAilt of accur.ite examination, may not be 
 confidered by our friends and refpeiibble fubfcribers as 
 altogether fuperfluous. 
 
 About Queen Charlotte's Sound the lahd js untfbm- 
 monly mountainous, rifing immediately from the fea 
 into large hills. At remote diftunces arc valleys termi- 
 nating each towards the fea in a fmall covfe.'with a 
 pebbly or fandy beach s behind which arc flat places, 
 where the natives ufually build their huts. This fitu- 
 ation is the more convenient, as a brook of fine water 
 runs through eveiT cove, and empties itfelf into the 
 fea. The bafcs of the mountains, towards the flrore 
 are conftltuted of a yelIowi(h fand-ftone, which requires 
 a blueifh caft where it is wafhed by the fea. At fome 
 places it runs in horizontal, and, at others, in oblique 
 ftrata. The mould or foil by which it is covered re- 
 fembles marie, and is, in general, a foot or two in 
 thicknefs. 
 
 The luxuriant growth of the produflions here fuf. 
 ficicntly indicates the quality of the foil. The hills 
 except a few towards t|ic fea, are one continued foreft* 
 of lofty trees, flourifhing with fuch uncommon vigour 
 as to afford an auguft profpedl to the admirers of the 
 fublime and beautiful works of nature. . This extraor- 
 ''i"^'^. ^"^P^ »" vegetation is, doubtlefs, greatly 
 alTiftcd by the agreeable temperature of the chmate- 
 for at this time, though anfwering to our month of 
 Augult, the weather was not fo warm as to be dif 
 agreeable; nor did it rife the thermometer higher than 
 6^ dcg. The winter alfo fcems equally mild with re- 
 fped to cold ; for in the mouth which correfponds to 
 ourDefcember, the mercury was never lower than 4.8 
 d<!^, the trees at the fame time retaining their verdure 
 as if in the height of fummer. It is fuppofed their 
 foliage remains, till pufhcd off by frefh leaves fucceed 
 intt in fpring. Notwithftanding the weather is gene- 
 raHy g<^, it is fometimcs windy, with heavy rain, 
 . 5 ** ^ which 
 
 4 
 
 "I 
 
 Is 
 
 
 ;1 
 
 ;>' .1 
 
 a;. 
 
 i 
 
 I Hi 
 
 m 
 
434 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES CUM F LET i: 
 
 
 ii 
 
 which, however, ii never eiceinve, and doe* not Uft 
 above a da^. In (hort, thU would br one of the fincft 
 ruuntriet upon earth, were it not fo extremely hilly i 
 vhich, fuppoling the woodt to be cleared away« would 
 leave it leli proper (br pafturagc than flat land i and in* 
 linitely lcr« lo for cultivation, which could never be cf- 
 i'eiXtd here by the plough. 
 
 1'he large trees on the hill* arc principally of two 
 forti. One of them of the (ize of our larmi) Itri, growi 
 neatly after their manner. I'hia fupplicd the place of 
 fpruce in making becri which waa done with a decoc. 
 tionof iti leavei, fermented with Aigar,' or treacle i 
 and thii liquor wai acknowledged to be little inferior 
 to American fprucc-bccr. The other fort of tree i* 
 like a maple, and often growi very large, but ii fit only 
 for fuel: the wood of that, and of the preceding, are 
 too heavy for either malh or yarda. A greater variety 
 •f treei grow on the flati behind the bcachet: two of 
 thcfe bear a kind of plumb, of the llze of pruneii the 
 one, which it yellow, is called karraca, am) the other, 
 which it (ilack, called maiuoi but neither of them had 
 a pleafant ufte, though ccten both by our people and 
 the native*. On the eminences which jut out into the 
 fea, grows a fpccicsof philsdelphus, arid a tree bearing 
 flowers almoft like a myrtle. We ufed the leaves of the 
 
 Shiladclphus as tea, and found them an excellent fub> 
 itute for the oriental fort. A kind of wild celery, 
 which grows plentifully in almoft tvciy cove, may be 
 reckoned among the plants that were ufcful to us, and 
 aUb another which we called fcurvy grafs. Both foru 
 were boiled daily with wheat ground in a mill, for the 
 fhips companies breakfad, and with their pcafe-foup 
 for dinner. Sometimes thev were ufed as fallad, or 
 drelTcd as greens i in all which ways they arc excellent i 
 «nd. together with the filh, with which we were plenti- 
 fully fupplicd.thcy formed a moft delirablc refrcfnmcnt. 
 The known kind of plants to be found here are bind- 
 wcetl, night-fliadc, nettles, a Hinibbery I'pecdwell, fow- 
 ihiftles, virgin's bower, vanclloe, French willow, euphor- 
 bia, crane's bill, cudweed, rullics, bulrufties, Hax, all- 
 heal, American nieht-lliade, linot-grafa, brambles,' cyc- 
 bright, and groundll-l {-, but the fpecies of each arc dif- 
 ferent from any wc have in Europe. There are a great 
 number of other plants > but one in particular dclcrvcs 
 to be noticed here, as the garments of the natives are 
 jnade from it. It crows in all places near the fea, and 
 fomctimcs a confiuerable way up the hills, in bunches 
 or tufU, bearing yallowifli Howers on a long ftalk. It 
 is remarkable, that the greatcft part of the trees and 
 plants were of the bcrry-bearing kind ; of which, and 
 other feeds, Mr. Anderfon brought away nearly thirty 
 dilTcient forts. 
 
 The birds of which there is a tolerable good (lock, 
 are almoft entirely peculiar to the place. It would be 
 difficult and very fatiguing to follow them, on account 
 of the quantity of underwood, and the climbing plants; 
 yet any pcrfon, by continuina; in one place, may (hoot 
 as many in a day ai would fervc fcven or eight per- 
 fons. 'The principal kinds arc large brown parrots, 
 with grey heads 5 ^eon parroquets, large wood-piEeons, 
 and ty^o forts of cuckoos. A grofs-beak, about the (ize 
 of a thru(h, is frequents as is alfo a fmall jgrccn-bird, 
 which is almoft the only muftcal one to be found here ; 
 but his melody is fo fwect, and his notes fo varied, that 
 any one would imagine hhnfelf furrounded by a hun. 
 dndiiiirerent forts of birds, when the little warbler is 
 exerting himfelf. From thjs circumlhincc it was named 
 the mocking-bird. There are alfo three or four forts 
 of fmallcr birdst and among the rocks are found black 
 fea-pies, with red bills, and creded (hags of a leaden 
 colour. About the (horc, there arc a few fea-gulls, 
 fome blue herons, wikl ducks, plovers, and fome und- 
 tarks. A fnipe was (hot, differing very little from that 
 fpccicsof birds in Europe. Ipfeds here, are not very 
 numerous: wc faw fome buttcr-fliet, two forts of dra- 
 gon-flies, fome fmall grafs-hoppen, feveral Com of 
 fpidert, fome black ants, and fcorpion-flies innumera- 
 ble, with whofe chirping the woodiiefounded. The 
 fiml-fly, which is the only noxious' one, ia very nume- 
 iWM lK<e,aod isalmoll as difagrecableas Ac ngufquitoe. 
 
 I 
 
 The only rfepiiirs we faw, were two or three forts of in. 
 offcnnvc litsrdi. In this exicntivc laml, It is remark^ 
 able that there fliould not even be the traces of any 
 qtiadruped, except a few rats, and a kind of lnx-di>g, 
 which is kept by the natives as a diimcflic animal. N«)r 
 have they any mineral dcfcrving of notice, but a green 
 jafpcr or fcrpent-flone, of whiJn the tools and urna> 
 ments of the inhabitants arc made, '{"his ii held in 
 high eflimatbn among theint and they entertain foin* 
 fuperftitious notions about the mode of its generation, 
 which we could not comprehend: they fay it is takeo.' 
 from a large river tar to the fouthwardt it ladiijpwfed in 
 the eanh in dctschcd pieces like flints, and, like iHmi, 
 the hedges are noverai with a whitifli cru(l, 
 
 Mofl of the (ifh we taught by the fcine were tle- 
 phant-fifh, mullets, fi>lc», ami flounders > but the na- 
 tives fupplicd ui with a kind of fea-bream, large conger 
 eels, and a filh of five or fix pounds weiirht, called by 
 the natives a mngge. With a hook and line we caught 
 ablackifli filh, called colc-filh by the feanien, but dif. 
 fering greatly from that of the fame name in Eumpe. 
 We alfo TOta fort of fmall falmon.fkate, gurnards, and 
 nurfcs. I'he natives fomctimcs furniOiedus with hake, 
 paracutas, parrot.fifh, a fort of mackarel, and lcu(ht>r 
 jackets I bclidri another, which is extremely fcorce, r 
 the figure of a dolphin, in colour black, and with (irm 
 boney jaws, Thcfe in general, arc excellent to lai; 
 but the fmall falinon, cule-lilh, and niogge, arc fuperior 
 to the others. 
 
 The New Zcalanders, we mean thofe of them who 
 inhabit ab)ut Qaeen Charlottc'sSound.are a people who 
 appear to be perfciltly fatislied with the fmall pittance 
 of knowledge they have acquired, without attempting 
 in the lead to improve it. Nor are they remarkably 
 curious, either in their obfervations, or their inquiries. 
 Newobjc«ihdo not flrike them with fuch a degree of 
 furprize as one would naturally cxpedlt nor do they 
 even fix their attention for a moment. Omiah, indeca, 
 who was a great favourite with them, would fomctimcs 
 attradl a circle about him; hut thev feemed to liftcn to 
 hisfpeeches, like pcrfons who neither underftood, nor 
 wifhed to underlland, what they heard. In general, 
 they arc not fo well formed, efpccially about the limbs, 
 as the Europeans, nor do they exceed them in ftaturc. 
 Their fitting fo much on their hams, and being de- 
 prived, by tne mounuinous difpofltion of the country, 
 of ufing that kind of exercifc which would render the 
 body ftraight and well-proportioned, is probably the 
 occafion ofthe want of due proportion. Many of them, 
 indeed, are perfedly well formed, and fome are very 
 large boned and mufcular, but very few among thent 
 are very corpulent. Their features arc various, fome 
 refembling Europeans, and their colour is of different 
 ca(\s, from a deepi(h black to an olive or yellowifh tinge. 
 In seneral, however, their faces arc round, their tips 
 rather full, and their nofes, (though not flat) large to- 
 wards the point. An aquiline noTc was not to be feen 
 among them; their e^es are large, and their teeth are 
 commonly broad, white, and regular. The hair, in ge- 
 neral, is black, flrong, and uraightt commonly cut 
 fliort on the hinder part, and the reft tied on the crown 
 of the head. Some, indeed, have brown hair, and 
 others a fort that is naturally difpofed to curl. "The 
 countenance of the young is generally free and open; 
 but in many of the men it has a ferious, or rather fullen 
 caft. The men are higer than the women; and the 
 latter are not diftinguifned by peculiar graces, either of 
 form or features. 
 
 Both fexes are cloathed alike: they have a garment, 
 made of the filky Qax already mentioned, about five 
 feet in length, and four in breadth. This appears to be 
 their principal manufiiAure, which is performed by 
 knotting. Two cornen of (his garment pafs over 
 their (houlders, and they faften it on the breaft with 
 that which coven the body: it is again faftened about 
 the belly with a girdle made of mat. Sometimes they 
 cover it with dog (kin, or large feathers. Many of 
 them wear mats over this nrment, extending from the 
 (houlders to the heels. The msA common covering. 
 however, is » quaniity ^f fcdgy plant, badly manufac- 
 tured, 
 
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 C'OOKN THlkD and LSST VOYaGE-^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 43^ 
 
 Cured, Mened toaftring. and thrown oyer the (houl- 
 den, whence it, ^lls down on all Mp to the middle of 
 the thighi. Wh^h they Tat down in this habit, the^r. 
 could hardly be diftinguiHicd front large grey ftonei, if 
 their black heads did not projeartxyond their cover- 
 ings. They adorn their heads with feathers, combs of 
 bone or wood, with pMrI-(hell, and the inner (kin of 
 leaves. Both men and women have their cars flit, in 
 which are hung beads, pieces of jafpcr. or bits of cloth. 
 Some have the fcptum of the note bored in its lower 
 parti but we never faw any ornaments worn in that 
 parts though a twi^ was pafled through it by one of 
 them, to Ihew that it was occafionally ufed for that pur- 
 pofe. We hiw many ftained in the face with curious 
 figures, of a black or dark blue colour; but it is not ccr- 
 tam whether this is intended to be ornamenial, or as a 
 mark of particular diftinAion : the women alfo wear 
 necklaces of (hark's teeth, or bunches of long beads t 
 and a few of them have fmall triangular aprons, adorned 
 with feathers or pieces of pearl-inells, uftencd about 
 the waift with a double or treble fet of cords. 
 
 They live in the fmall coves already mentioned, 
 fohnetimA in Angle families, and fometimes in com- 
 panies of perhaps forty or fifty. Their huts, which are 
 m general mod miferable lodgine-places, are built con- 
 tiguous to each other. The ben we fiw was built in 
 the manner of one of our countr)' barns, about fu feet 
 in height, fifteen in breadth, and 33 in length. The 
 infide was flrong and regular, well faftened by means 
 of withes, occ. and painted red and black. At one end 
 it had a hole ferving as a door to creep out at, and ano- 
 ther confiderabiy fnuller, feeminely for the purpofe of 
 letting out the fmoke. This, nowever, ought to be 
 confidered as one of their palaces, for many of their 
 huts are not half the fizc, and fcldora are more than 
 four feet in height. They have no other furniture than 
 a few fmall bags or bafkets, in which they depofit their 
 filhing-hooks and other trifles. They fit down in the 
 middle round a fmall fire, and probably fleep in the fame 
 fituation, without any other covering than what they 
 have worn in the day. Filhing is their principal fup- 
 port, in which they ufe different kinds of nett, or 
 wooden fifh-hooks pointed with bone; but made in lb 
 extraordinary a manner, that it appears aflonifhing how 
 they can anfwer fuch a purpofe. Their boats confift of 
 planks raifed upon each other, and faflened with ftrong 
 withes. Many of them are 50 feet long. Sometimes 
 they fallen two together with rafters, which we call a 
 double canoe: they frequently carry upwards of 30 
 men. and have a lar^e head, ingcnioufly carved and 
 painted, which fcems mtended to reprefent the counte- 
 nance of a warrior, when engaged in the heat of adlion. 
 Their paddles are narrow, pointed, and about fivefbet 
 long. Their fail, very feldomufed, is a mat formed 
 into a triangular. fliape. When the weather wAl not 
 fufl%r them to go to fea, miifcles and fea-ears fupply the 
 place of other fifli. Sometimes, but not often, they 
 kill a few penguins, rails, and fhags, which enable them 
 to vaiv their diet. Confiderabic number of their dogs 
 are alio bred for food s but they depend principally on 
 the fea for their fubfiftcnce, by which they are moft 
 bountifully fupplied. 
 
 The)r drcfs their fifh by roafling, or rather bakiiu 
 them, being entirely ignorant of the art of boiling, u 
 is thus they alfo drcfathc root of the large fern-tree. In 
 a hole prepared for that purpofe : when dreflcd, they 
 fplit it, and find a gelatinous lubftanc* within, fomewhat 
 like fago powder. The fmaller fern-root feems to be 
 their fuMitute for bread, being dried and carried about 
 with rhem, together with larec quantities of dried filh, 
 when they goTar from jheir habitations. They are as 
 filthy in their feeding as in their ocrfons, which ofien 
 emit a very offenfive effluvia, from the quantity of 
 ereafe about them, and from their never wafning, their 
 heads are plentifully Hocked with vermin, which they 
 fometimes cat. large quantities of (linking train oil, 
 and blubber of feals, they would eager^ devour. 
 When on board the fliips, they not only emptied the 
 lamps, but adlually fwallowed the cotton with equal 
 etgeriiefs, Thou^ the inhabitantt of Van Diemcn'i J 
 
 , L'an J would not even tadc our bread, thcfe people dc- 
 jvoured it' with thegrcatcfl eagerncfs, evert U'tieii it wai 
 rotten and mouldy. 
 
 In point of ingenuity, they are not bchinc' ny uncl- 
 .vilized nations under fimilar circumflanccs : ror, with- 
 'out the afliflance of metal tools, they make every thine 
 by whiclrthey procure their fubfiftencc, cloathing, ana 
 warlike weapons, with ncatnefs, (Ircngth, and conveni^ 
 ence. Their principal mechanical tool is formed irt 
 the manner of^ an adz^ and is made of the ferpent- 
 llone, or jdfper: their chifTcland gouge arc furniflied 
 from the fame material, though they arc fometimes c'om- 
 pofed of black foiid (lone. Carving, however, is the! ^ 
 mailer-piece, which appears upon the itiod trifling 
 things: the omaintiits on the heads Of their canoes; 
 not only difplay much defign, but execution. Theit^ 
 cordage for n(hing-lineii is not inferior to that ih Eng-i. 
 land, and their nets are equally good. A (hell, a bit of 
 flint, or jafper, is their fubftitute for a knife, and a (huk'i 
 tooth, fixed in the end of a piece of wood, li their 
 auger. They have a faw made of fome ja^ed filhcs 
 teeth. fixed on a piece of wood nicely carvMi but thi< 
 is ufed for no other purpofe, than to cut up the bodiet 
 of thofe whom they kill in battle; 
 
 Though no people arc more ready to rtfent art injury^ 
 yet they take every opportunity of being infolent, \vhert 
 they apprehend there is no danger Of purtifliment; 
 whence it may be concluded, thdt their cagernefs td 
 refent injuries, is rather an cifcdl of a furious dif- 
 pofition than genuine bravery; They are naturally 
 diflruflful and uifpicious, for fuch as are drdngcrs ne- 
 ver venture immeaiately to vifit our (hips, but keep at i 
 fmall diftance in their boats, obfervinc our motions, 
 and hefitating whether they Ihould rifk tncirfafety witH 
 us. They are to the lad degree di(honcd< and deal- 
 every thing within their reach, if they fuppofc they catl 
 efcape dete^ion ; and. in trading, they feetn inclined td 
 take every pofTible advantage; for thty never tfud ari 
 article out of their hands for examination, and feeni 
 highly plcafed if they have over-reached ybu in a bar- 
 gain. Such condudl indeed is not furpriflng, when Hi 
 IS confidered, that there appears to be little fubo'rdina- 
 tion, and few, if any, laws for the puniihmertt 6f tranf- 
 grefibrs. No man's authority extends beyond his owilf 
 family; and when they join at any timc^ for mutual dei 
 fence or fafciy, thofe among them who ate mod emi- 
 nent for valour and prudent condud, are diredlori. 
 
 Their public contentions arc almod perpetual, fol' 
 war is their principal profcflion, as appears ffoni theit^ 
 number of weapons, and their dexterity in uflng them; 
 Their arms are fpears, patoos, and halbehs, and fome-^ 
 times dones. The fird are from five tb thirty feet 
 long, made of hard wood and pointed. The pjitoo is 
 about eighteen inches long, of^ an eliptical (hape, with 
 a handle made of wood, fione, Sic. and appears to be 
 their principal dependance in battle. The halbert ii 
 about five or fix feet in length, tapering at one end with 
 a carved head, and broad, or^at, with (harp edges, at 
 the other. Before the onfet, they join in a warfong, 
 keeping the exaded time; and, by di^rees, work them- 
 felvesinto a- kind of frantic fory, accompanied with the 
 mod horrid didortions of their tongues, eyes, and 
 mouths, in order to terrify theirenemics. To ti..s fuc^ 
 ceeds a circumftance, that is mod cruel, and difgiacc- 
 ful (b human nature, which is mangling and cutting to 
 pieces (even when not perfedlly dead) the bodies of 
 their enemies, and, after roading them, devouring their 
 flcfh with peculiar fatisfa<flion and even pleafute. It 
 might naturally be fuppofcd, that thofe who could btf 
 capable 6f fuch excefs of cruelty, mud be totally de- 
 ftitute of every hum|p feeling, and yet they lament the 
 lo(« of their friends in a manner the mod tender and, 
 affedUonate. Joth men and women; upon the death of 
 their relations or friends, bewail tlwm with the mod 
 miferable cries; at the fame time cutting large g^es in 
 their cheeks and foreheads, with (hells, or pieces of flint, 
 till the blood flows copipufly, and mixea with their tcari. 
 They alfo carve a refcmblance df 'an human figure, and 
 hang it about their necks, as a meinwial of tlldfe who 
 were dear to them. They alfo perfcnrm the ceremony of 
 
 Ait^mentirig 
 
 illl 
 
 I 
 
 I: 
 
 
 i¥ 
 
 m 
 
«6 
 
 Capt. C O O K's y O Y A G_.E S. cl^ M I* ^ EjT E. 
 
 )! ' 
 
 W' 
 
 lam'entiiw afid cuttbij; for iw. at the return of z friend . 
 who hai been fomc time ablcnt. The praflices of the 
 .fathers, whether good or bad, their children arc, at an 
 early age, inftriidted in; fothat you find a child of either 
 (ex, of the age of nine or ten years, able to imitate th,e 
 frightful motions and geftures of the men. T^y ^ifo 
 fine, and with fome degree of melody, the traqitions 
 aindadions of their forefathers, with which they arc im- 
 moderately delighted, and pafs much time in thefe 
 amufemcnis, accompanied fometimes with a kiiid of 
 flute. 
 
 From captain Cook's obfervations, land from the in- 
 formation of Taweiharooa, and othjcrs, it appears, that, 
 the New Zicalanders mull live under' perpetual appre- 
 benfions of being deftroyed by each other t there be- 
 ing few of their tribes that have not, as thc^ think, 
 fuuained wrongs from fomc other tribes, which they 
 are continually upon the watch to revepgc. Andijper- 
 haps, the dclire of a good meal may be no fmall in7 
 citcment.. It is faid, that many years will fometimes 
 clapfe, before a favourable opportunity happens, and 
 that the fon never lofcs fight of an injury that has been 
 done to his father. Their method of executing their 
 horrible dclign$, is by ftealing upon the advprfc party 
 inf he night; and if they find them unguarded, (which 
 is very fcldom the cafe^ they kill every one indifcrimi- 
 natcly; not even fparing the women and children. 
 When the maflacre is completed, they either feaft and 
 gorge themlelves on the fpot, or carry ofl^ as many of 
 the dead bodies as they can, and devour them at home, 
 
 !»ith aifls of avage bruulity too (lio<;king to be die- 
 Lribed. If they are difcoveicd before they can exe- 
 cute their bloody purpofes, they generally fteal off 
 jjigain ; but are fometimes purfued and attacked by the 
 pther party, in their turn. To give c^uarter, or to take 
 prifoners, makes no part of their military law.i fo that 
 the yanqyi(hed can only fave their lives by flight. This 
 perpetual (tateof war. and deftrutftive method of co'n- 
 auaing it, operates fo ftrongly in producing habitual 
 circumfpedion, that one haraly ever finds a New Zca- 
 lander off his guard, either by night or by day. In- 
 deed, no other man can have fuch powerful motives to 
 be vigilant, as the prefervation both of body and foul 
 'depends upon it : for according to a principle in their 
 creed, the foul of a man whofe flefn is devoured by 
 the enemy, is doomed to a perpetual fire, while the 
 foul of the man whofe body has been refcucd from 
 thofe who killed him, as well as the fouls of all who 
 die a natural death, afccnd to the dwellings of the gods. 
 "When enquiry was made, whether they devoured the 
 Befli of fuch of their friends as had been killed in 
 but whofe bodies were (aved from falling into the 
 
 war. 
 
 enemies hands? They feemed furprized at the queftion, 
 which they anfwered in the negative, exprefling fome 
 abhorrence at the very idea, llieir common method 
 of difpofingof their dead, is by depofiting their bo- 
 dies in the earth,, but if thij have more of their Haugh- 
 tered enemies than they ftui tat, they throw diem into 
 
 chcfea. 
 
 As to their, religion, we can fay 4ittle concemilig 
 either its principles or ceremonies; but we know its in- 
 'ftrudions are very ftrongly inculcated into them from 
 "their infimcy: of whicn a remarkable indance was 
 Cxn, in the ybutb, who was firft deflined to accom- ' 
 pany Taweiharooa. He refrained from eatins thie 
 'greateftpartof the day, on account of his hair being 
 .cut; though every method was ufcd to induce him to 
 ' broik his refolution ; and h« was tempted with the ofler 
 'of fuch viduals as he was known to dieem the Moil ; 
 but he faid, in anfwer to our mefling Iblicitations, if 
 he eat any Uiii)g that day, that atom would kill him. 
 Hdwevef, towards evening, the cravings of nature got 
 'cWbetterdf hn profefledtenea, anone eat, though 
 Ipaniadyt it was thought before this, that they lud 
 .' Jo^elmerftitiAus notions about their hurt lor wie fie- , 
 'quoiflyaitiftfVed quantities of it tied to the branches 
 'cAT tiedi'ikau: loine of theiir habitations; but we cbi^d 
 'hb^Tpiriifiliom what ^ot^ii, or'oa what account thu 
 rwikdooe. llMy have lip' nwn% or oither places of 
 'i;iuUic worlbipi nor do they ever aflemble togiether with 
 
 this view: Uit they haVepHiffs, who aidrte add reft the 
 gods in prayers, for the profpcrity of their temporal 
 aflRiirsf fuch as an enterpnzc againft fi hollile tribe, a 
 fiihhig jp«rty, <^ the' jike. l\>lygamy h allbwedt aniottg 
 thcG: people ^ a^i) it isnqt uncommon fora tnaninhiive 
 two or thre^, wives. The wonieh are marriil^bte at a , 
 very ca,r\y»mt and itthould l^em,thAtone who is un- 
 married, is DMt, in a forlorn (late. She can with diffi- 
 culty get a fubliiRence: at lead (he is, in a g;reat mea- 
 fure^wuhout a prote^or, though in coliftant want of a' 
 powerful oiie. , , ' i 
 
 Their languaf^ is neither harlh iwr difiiffreeable : and' 
 yet the pronunciation is frequently guttural) and >«^at-' 
 ever equalities are requifite to make a language mi<<tcit,' 
 prevail to a high dwrce in'this; which we obfcved 
 particularly in fj^c me^y of their fongs. It Is tiot,in^ 
 deed, lb compfehenlive as our ^r^ean. langU^^« 
 which owe their perfi^ion toloncand gradual improve- 
 i^eht. Mr. Ahdcrfon colledled both Aow Und io the 
 courfe of biir former voyage, a great niatiy of their 
 words, fo as to forip a pretty laijgp Voqabulaiy; ahd bfe- 
 ing, in his enquiries, very attentive to the'lahtfuans of 
 the o(her iflands throughout the South Sea,' hi nlU tif- 
 fosrded us the amplefi proof of thiir wttrtderful^i^ree- 
 mcnt, or rather identity. This obfervation lids b^ti, 
 already made in our hillc^ry of former vttyad;esi and we 
 (hall now flrengthen it by a new fpecimen or fl«(h lid 
 of words I and by placing the correfpoiidinj^ Ut>rds al 
 ufed at Otaheite in ancpther column, the reader U ill be 
 able to judge by what chiiiiges the differ^iicc of dialcA 
 has been tnededJ ' 
 
 A TABL^ of Scled Wor^s lifed in the Iftands of 
 New Zealand and Otaheite. 
 
 New Zealand. 
 Mociiga : 
 Epbipe 
 Purrii, purra 
 Makkarcede 
 Hekaee 
 Wycroo 
 Kaoo, matte 
 Eoowha 
 Makoce 
 Ererre 
 Recnga 
 Ewharre 
 Keerahoi 
 Tangau 
 Tott 
 Woho 
 Whaird 
 Nohoanna 
 Mamro 
 Ka ^why 
 «■ ■ 
 
 ioca 
 Agooanai 
 Geetaia 
 Ewy 
 Taooa 
 Kahait 
 Ema 
 
 Taeninnahoi 
 Wirre 
 
 Tahaee 
 Rooa 
 Toroo 
 Faha 
 Reema 
 6no 
 Hcetbo 
 Wiuoo 
 ■JEeva 
 
 Ai^jahooet, 
 Ma-tahtte 
 Ma-toM 
 1 Mah^hoora 
 
 3 
 
 Otaiiiite. 
 Moera 
 Pepe . 
 Ere, ere 
 Mareede 
 
 Era 
 
 Matte, roa 
 Eooha 
 Matou 
 Erairc 
 Ereema 
 Ewharre 
 ErahcH 
 Taata 
 Etoa 
 Woho 
 Oota, oon, 
 Nohonoa 
 Mao 
 Owhy 
 lee 
 
 loe 
 Aooanai 
 Eetea 
 Ewy. 
 Taooa 
 Tdiaia 
 
 Ooartta 
 
 Ninnahoi 
 
 Ooaro 
 
 English. . . ; 
 ; J Bed . I > it's 
 :. Builet^ 
 
 Blatk ' 
 
 Cold 
 to Chew er eat 
 A Dog's tad 
 
 r:iUb,dettd .*■• 
 A Fetiude tw> 
 
 FiJbJmh- ,'?' 
 To By 
 A Haud 
 
 Miu/e 
 
 Large > 
 
 A Mm 
 
 Male kind > 
 
 Out, not within 
 
 Red 
 roRtftdl 
 A Sbatk 
 
 Stuie 
 
 Shut 
 7»Sleep' 
 
 To-dojt 
 teUuderfiaml 
 
 IVattr 
 
 We 
 
 Where is he 
 
 While ' 
 
 Tefttrdof 
 
 ■ Fmrgot 
 
 N u M E R a t s. 
 
 Atahay One 
 
 Erooa Ti/oo 
 
 Toroo Tfcyif „, 
 
 Ahaa . JW 
 
 Ertma Five 
 
 Aono Six 
 
 Aheitoo Seven 
 
 Awaroo Eif^ 
 
 Aeeva Nine- 
 
 ,,'Ahbbroo . ten 
 
 '\ Eleven 
 
 twehet (^c.fyprefixit^lheartideMa. 
 
 i'wHiy 
 
 Thus 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— to the PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 437 
 
 leaddrefithe 
 keir tttntwral 
 >flile tribe, a 
 I6wed! aniotig 
 tmankohiitve 
 iiij^Ue at a , 
 ie who is un-: 
 in with diffi- 
 a great knea- 
 int want of a' 
 
 greeabkrandf 
 il) andM^aU' 
 lage mi'ftcat,' 
 1 we obfc. red 
 It is not. in:. 
 
 (n'lanJ^iteMf 
 lual improve- 
 w and in the 
 iatiy of their 
 ilaiyi ahdb^ 
 lah^asps of 
 a, hie MS af- 
 dcifui a'j^fW- 
 ion lias b^h 
 faj^ett, an'd we' 
 1 or fi«(h lift 
 Ijnj^ words as 
 vadetr will be 
 icc of diaicft 
 
 he Itfands of 
 
 TE. 
 NGLISH. 
 
 'ack ■ 
 
 U 
 
 Crater eat 
 
 )/V tad 
 
 alb, dead »- 
 
 •male 
 
 '{jh-boat- 
 
 and 
 bu/e 
 arge * 
 
 fate ki*f 
 
 »/, ffor wilbiM 
 
 ed 
 
 efidt 
 
 rark 
 
 me 1 
 
 'eep' 
 >-dt^ 
 <tderftatid 
 'ater 
 
 r 
 
 e 
 
 Txreisbe 
 life " 
 'efttrdof 
 vgot 
 
 ne 
 •wo 
 
 *w< 
 
 wr 
 
 Hve 
 
 lix 
 
 Jeven 
 
 light 
 
 fine- 
 
 'en 
 
 Ijie article Ma, 
 
 Thitt 
 
 Thus we have mentioned all the particulars that 
 came under our obferVation, and which Wc think 
 worth relating, during bur intercourfe with the New 
 Zealanders: wc have only to add fome very remark- 
 able information which Captain Cook received from 
 Tawciharooa. " One day, (ays the Captain, on inquir- 
 ing of Tawciharooa, how many ftiips fuch as ours, 
 had ever arrived in Queen 'Charlotte's Sound, or in 
 any part of Its neighbourhood? He began withgiving 
 an account ot one abfolutely unknown to us. Tnis he 
 iaid had put into a port on the N- W. coaft of Tecra- 
 witte, but a very few years before I arrived in the 
 Sound in the Endeavour, which the New Zealanders 
 diftinguifli, by calling Tupia's (hip. At firft, I thought 
 he might have been miftaken as to the time and place; 
 and that the Ihip in queftion might be either Monfieur 
 Surville's, who is faid to have touched upon the N. E. 
 coaft of Eahcinomauwe, the fame year I was there in 
 the Endeavour; or elfc Monfieur Marion du Frefnc's, 
 who was in the Bay of Iflands, on the fame coaft a few 
 years after. But he aiTured us that he was not mif- 
 taken, either as to the time, or as to the place of this 
 Ihip's arrival ; and that it was well known to every 
 body about Queen Charlotte's Sound and Tecrawittc. 
 He faid, that the Captain of her, during his ftay here, 
 cohabited with a woman of the country; and that ftie 
 had a fon by him, now living, and about the age of 
 Kokoa ; who, though not born thcn.feemcd to be equally 
 well acquainted with the ftory. Wc werealfo in- 
 formed by Tawciharooa, that this fliip firft introduced 
 the venereal difeafe among the New Zealanders. It 
 were to be wiftied, that lubfequent vifitors from Eu- 
 rope may not have their fliarc of guilt, in leaving fo 
 dreadful a remembrance of them among this unnappy 
 race. The diforder now is but too common here; 
 though they do not fccm to regard it; faying, that its 
 effcds are not near fo pernicious at prcfent, as they 
 were at its firft appearance. The only method, as far 
 as I ever heard, that they make ufc of as a remedy, is 
 by giving the patient the ufe of a fort of hot bath, 
 which they produce by the fteam of certain grcer; 
 plants laid over hot ftones. I regretted much, that 
 we did not hear of this ftiip while wc were in the 
 found, as, by means of Omiah, we might have had 
 full and correifl information about her from cyc-wit- 
 ncflcs. For Taweiharooa's account was only from 
 what he had been told, and therefore liable to many 
 miftakcs. I have not the leaft doubt, however, that 
 his teftimony may fo farbcdcpended upon, as to induce 
 us to believe, that a (hip really had been at Teerawitte, 
 prior to my arrival in the Endeavour, as it correfponds 
 with what I formerly heard. For in the latter end of 
 1773, the fecond time I vifitcd New Zealand, during 
 my former voyage, when we were continually making 
 inquiries about the Adventure, after our reparation, 
 fome of the natives informed us of a (hip's having been 
 in a port on the coaft of Teerawitte: but, at that time, 
 wc thought we muft have mifunderftood them, and 
 took no notice of the information. We had ano- 
 ther piece of intelligence from him, though not con- 
 firmed by our own obfervations, that there arc fnakes 
 and lizards in New Zealand of an enormous (ize. He 
 defcribed the latter as being eight feet in length, and 
 (is big round as a man's body. He faid that they fome- 
 timcs feize and devour men; that they burrow in the 
 ground ; and that they are killed by making fires at 
 the mouths of the holes. Wc could not be miftakcn 
 as to the animal; for with his own hand he drew a very 
 good rcprefentation of a lizard on a piece of paper; 
 as alfo of a fnake, in order to (hew what he meant." 
 
 In the morning of Tuefday the 25th of February, 
 wc left the found. By the mean of the refults of many 
 aftronomical obfervations, we found the latitude of 
 Ship Cove to be 41 deg. 6 min. S. and the longitude 
 174 deg. 15 mir. 15 fee. E. At ten o'clock, a light 
 breeze fpringing up at N. W. by W. we made fail 
 through Cook's Strait, with the Difcovery in company. 
 On Thurfday the 37th, we cleared Cape Pallifeij and 
 took our departure from thence. It bore W. diftant 
 about (even leagues. W« had now a iinej^e, aiid 
 
 No. jj. 
 
 fleered toWards N. E; Whfcn we had loil fight of 
 land, our two youths from New Zealand, i)btwith- 
 ftanding their employment of filhiiig near the (hore* 
 from their infancy, began to repent of the adventurous 
 ftep they had taking. Seeing only foaming billows 
 round theiii, their hearts failed :, they began to pine, 
 and refufed to cjit. When Captain Clerkc with Mr. 
 Bumey came on board our lliip, they ran and hid them- 
 felves, difcovering a great panic. It did not appear 
 that t'r'r fear took its rife from the thoughts of being 
 carried back, bccaufe when the gentlemen returned, 
 they wanted to go with them: It (hould rather fecm^ 
 therefore, that they were apprehenfive of foine dcfign 
 upon their lives, as in their country a cbnfultation 
 amongft the chiefs always precedes a determined mur- 
 der. This was confirmed .by their behaviour after- 
 wards. Wc endeavoured, as far as lay in our power, 
 to footh them ; but they wept continually, and gave 
 vent to their forrows in a kind of fong, which feemed 
 to exprefs their praifes of their country and people, 
 from which they were, now, in all probability to be for 
 ever feparated. In this difpirited ftate they corttinucd 
 for fevcral days, till, at length, the agitation of thdr 
 minds.began to fublide, and their fca ficknefs, which 
 had aggravated their grief, wore off. Their lamenta- 
 tions then became lefs and Icfs frequent ; their native 
 country, their kindred, and friends, were gradually for- 
 gotten, and they appeared to be firmly attached to us. 
 On the 28th, at noon, in the lat. of 41 deg. 17 min. S. 
 longitude 177 deg. 17 min. E. we tacked about and 
 ftood to the S. E. with a gentle breeze at E. N. E. 
 which afterwards, veered to the N. E. in which point 
 the wind remained two days, fometimes blowing a 
 fre(h gale, with fqualls and rain. 
 
 Monday, March the ift,a ftorm came on, but as thk 
 wind was fair, wc got down the top-gailaiit-yards, 
 clofc reefed the top-fails, and purfucd our courfc E. 
 by N. On the 2nd, it fliifted to N. W. and afterwards 
 to S. W. between which point and the N. it continued 
 to blow, fometimes very moderately, and at other times 
 a ftrong gale. With this wind wc fleered N. E. by E. 
 and E. with all the fail we could carry till Tuefday the 
 1 1 th, when it veered to N. E. and S. E. at which time 
 we obferved at noon in lat. 39 deg. 29 min. long. 196 
 deg. 4 min. E. On the 1 5th, being Saturday, it blew 
 a hbrricanc, attended with rain and a high fea, which 
 breaking over our bows, cleared the decks of every 
 thing that was not firmly fecured, and fplit the fore- 
 top-maft ftay of the Difcovery into a thoufand (hivcrs. 
 At night wc (hifted our courfc and ftood N. by E. half 
 E. There were fome on board the Difcovery who dif- 
 approved of the courfe we had hitherto Iteercd, fore- 
 fecmg, that by going fo faft to the northward, we 
 (hould fall too fuddenly into the trade winds, elpcci- 
 ally, if we fhould be met by an eaflerly wind before wc 
 approached the Tropic. Among the feamcn on board 
 a king's fliip, there are always fome expert navigators, 
 whofc Judgment, ripened by experience, is much to be 
 depended upon; but the misfortune is, that thcfc 
 mqn are never confulted, nor do they even dare fo 
 niuchas to whifper their opinion to their fuperior offi- 
 cer. Like gamcfters flanding by, they can fee the er- 
 rors of the game, but nuift not point them out till 
 the game is over. This we find, by the journal before . 
 us, was the real cafe on board the Difcovery, fome of 
 whofe people did not fcrupic to foretel what would 
 happen after we had lefl the 39th degree of fouthem 
 latitude, while wc were yet only in the 196th dig. of 
 eaflem longitude. They did not (truple to fay that he- 
 fore we altered our latitude to the N. we ought to have 
 ftretched 13 or 14 deg. farther eaflward of our in- 
 tended portf and in this cafe when we came to pafsthe 
 tropic, we (hould be fure of a fair wind to carry us to 
 it. On Tuefday, the i8th, having continued oui 
 courfe N, N. £. for the lafl 24 hou;s, we found our- 
 felves, by obfervation, in lat. 33 deg. 8 min. and in long. 
 200 deg. E. that is, more than 1 2 deg. to the well- 
 ward of Otahcite. Here we faw fea weed in abund- 
 ance, and by a larae tree floating by us, wc judged that 
 wc could not be m from land. "The tree appeared tp 
 
 i m 
 
 ' All 
 
 A y 
 
 f 
 
 ■■«'!'' i 
 
 ,? ■> 
 
 il" 
 
 11 
 
438 
 
 Capt, COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETp. 
 
 'J 
 
 m 
 
 '^ 
 
 be about 30 feet in girth, and by its frelbncfs feemed to 
 have been no long time in the water. Saturday the 
 33nd, the heavied rain began to pour down that the 
 oldefl mariner, in either of the fliips, had ever expe- 
 rienced. It fell in iheets, and, as the wind increalcd, 
 the men in handing the fails, were in the utmod dan- 
 ger of being wafhed off the yards. It continued for 
 fix hours inccflantly t however, mod feafonably for our 
 
 Scople in the Refolution, where the number of live 
 ocK, as horfcs, cows, goats, and Iheep, had exhauded 
 a large proportion of our fredi water, and we were 
 yet at a great didancc from our dedine^ port. Here 
 the wind began to veer to the E. which had been ap- 
 prehended by many ; who finding our longitude not to 
 incrcafe in proportion as our latitude decreafed, began 
 to fufpe<fl we mould not make Otaheitc this run. 
 
 Monday, the 34th, our latitude was decreafed to 24 
 (}eg. 34 min. and our longitude only increafed one 
 fingle degree. The wind was E. by S. and our courfe 
 dill N. by E. we mnde confequently but little way. 
 To add to our vexation, we were now in an alarming 
 ficuation, for want of proviflons and water for the live 
 dock; infomuch, that we were obliged to kill part of 
 our flieep and hogs, not having a fuflicient quantity of 
 water to keep them slive. As to the horfcs, and cows, 
 they were more Ikelctons ; having been reduced to the 
 fcanty portion of 4 pounds of hay, and 6 quarts o<' 
 water for 24 hours; and the men were put to the allow- 
 ance of two quarts c "■ water, for the fame fpace of 
 time. The wind continuing ibul, all hope of reaching 
 Otaheitc was laid afide; and the illes of Amderdam 
 and Rotterdam, were at this time thought to be our 
 only refourcc. Hitherto not a man was ill on board 
 the Difcovery, nor was any alteration made in her com- 
 jpany's allowance, they not having any more cattle on 
 ward, than were necedary for the fliip's ufc. Thurf- 
 day the 27th, we crolfcd the Tropic. The weather, 
 which for two or three days had been fqually, attended 
 with thunder and lightning, increafed to a florm ; and 
 we now began to be furrounded by our tropical com- 
 panions. On the 28th, the weather cleared up, and 
 we were faluted with a fine breeze, and attended by nu- 
 merous dioals of flying fidi, bonitos, dolphins, fliarks, 
 and whole flocks of tropical fea fowl, which abound 
 near the iflands in the low latitudes, but are fcldom 
 feen in the deep Pacific Ocean. On the 2qth, at ^ten 
 o'clock A. M. as we were danding to the N. E. the 
 Difcovery made the (ignal for fccingland, didant feven 
 leagues. We tacked diip and dood for it till the even- 
 ing. While day-light remained we faw no figttf of in- 
 habitants, but, in the night obfervcd feveral fires. On 
 Sunday the 30th, at day orcak we difcovered it to be an 
 ifland of no great extent, and bore up on the wed-fide. 
 We now faw feveral ptople wading to the reef, but, 
 obferving the fliips leaving them quickly, they re- 
 mained there. But others, who foon appeared, fol- 
 lowed our courle; and Tome of them aflcmbled in 
 fniall bodies, making great diouts. Upon our nearer 
 appioach to the diore, we faw many of the natives 
 running along the beach, and, by the aflidance of our 
 
 Srlaffes, could perceive, that they were armed with long 
 pears and clubs, which they brandidKx) in the air 
 with figns of threatening, or, as fome of us fuppofed, 
 with invitations to land. Mod of them were without 
 deaths, except having a kind of girdle, which was 
 brought up between their thighs s but fome of them 
 wore about their dioulders pieces of cloth of various 
 colours, white driped, or chequered; and almod all of 
 them had about their heads a white wrapper, in fome 
 refpcas rcfcmbllng a turban. They were of a Uwny 
 
 complexion, well made, robud, and of a middliHg 
 dature. A fmali canoe was now launched from the 
 mod didant part of the beach, and a man getting into 
 it, put off, as with a view of reaching the diip; but hit 
 courage failing him, he hadily put back. On his re- 
 turn to the beach another man joined him in the canoe, 
 and then both of thrm paddled towards us. They 
 fcemcd, however, afraid to approach, till their apprc- 
 henfions were removed by Omiah, who addrelTed them 
 in the language of Otaheite. Thus encouraged, they 
 came near enough to receive (bme nails and beadsj 
 which, being tied to fome wood, were thrown into the 
 :anoe. They, however, put the wood afide without 
 untying the dring, which perhaps might have pro- 
 ceeded from fuperdition; for we were informed by 
 Omiah, that when they obferved us ofl'ering prefcnts 
 to them, they requefted fomcthing for their tatooa. 
 On Omiah's afking them, whether they eat human 
 flcfli, they replied m the negative, with equal abhor- 
 rence and detedation. One of them, named Mou- 
 rooa, being quedioned with regard to a fear on his 
 forehead, laid, it was the confequencc of a wound he 
 had received in fiehting with the natives of an ifland 
 lying towards the N. E. who fometimes invaded them. 
 They afterwards laid hands on a rope,, but would not 
 venture on board, telling Omiah, that their country- 
 men on fliore had fuggeded to them this caution; 
 and had likewifc diretfted them to enquire whence uur 
 diip came, and to procure information of the name of 
 the Captain. Their chief, they faid, was caUcd Oroo* 
 aecka. When we demanded the name of the ifland, 
 they told us it was Mangya, or Mangeca, to which 
 they fometimes added nooe, nai, naiwa. The features 
 of Muurooa were agreeable, and his difpofition, to a'll 
 appearance, no lefs fo; for he exhibited fome droll gef- 
 ticulations, which indicated humour and good nature. 
 He alfo made others of a ferious kind, and repeated 
 fome words with an air of devotion, before he would 
 venture to take hold of the rope at the dern of the 
 (hip. He was ludy and well made, thougli not tali. 
 His complexion was nearly of the fame cad with that 
 of the natives of the mod fouthern parts of Europe.- 
 His companion was not fo handfome. They both had 
 drong, drait, black hair, tied together on the top of 
 .iieir heads with a piece of white cloth. They had 
 long beards; and the infide of their arms, from the el- 
 bow to the (lioulders, and fome othci parts, were ta- 
 tooed, or pundlured. The lobe of their ears was flit 
 to fuch a length, that one of them duck there a knife, 
 and fome beads we had given him. The fame per- 
 fon had hung about his neck, by wav of ornament, two 
 polifhed pearl-ihells, and a bunch of human hair, 
 loofely twided together. They wore a kind of gir. 
 dies, which we found were a fubdance manufadlured 
 from the moms papyrifera, and glazed like thofe ufed 
 in the Friendly idands. Thejr had on their feet a 
 fort of fandals, made of a grafly fubdance interwoven, 
 which we perceived were alfo worn by thole whom we 
 had feen on the beach. The canoe in which they came 
 was the only one we faw. It was very narrow, and not 
 more than ten feet long, but drong, and neatly made. 
 The lower part was of white wood ; but the upper 
 part was black, and their paddles were of the fame co- 
 lour. Thcfe were broad at one end, blunted, and about 
 three feet long. The fore part had a flat board faf- 
 tened over it, which projedled out, to prevent the wa- 
 ter from getting in. Itnad an upright dern, five feet 
 high, which terminated at the top in a kind of fork. 
 They paddled indifferently either end of the canoe 
 forward. 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
 
 
 middliHg 
 
 
 from the 
 
 
 etting into 
 
 
 p: but his 
 
 
 On his rc- 
 
 • 
 
 i the canoe, 
 
 
 us. They 
 
 
 leir appre- 
 
 
 efled them 
 
 
 aged, they 
 
 
 md beadsi 
 
 
 vn into the: 
 
 
 dc without 
 
 
 have pro- 
 
 
 iformed by 
 
 
 ig prefcnts 
 cir Eatooa. 
 
 
 :at human 
 
 
 ual abhor- 
 
 
 ned Mou- 
 
 
 fcar on his 
 
 
 wound he 
 
 
 ""an idand 
 
 
 ided them. 
 
 
 would not 
 
 
 r country- 
 
 
 s caution; 
 
 
 vhcncc our 
 
 . 
 
 le name of 
 
 
 illcd Oroo- 
 
 
 the ifland. 
 
 
 to which 
 
 
 he features 
 
 
 tion, toa'll 
 
 
 e droll gef- 
 
 
 od nature. 
 
 
 d repeated 
 
 
 he would 
 
 
 ern of the 
 
 
 ;Ii not tali. 
 
 
 with that 
 
 
 of Europe.- 
 
 
 y both had 
 
 
 the top of 
 
 
 They had 
 
 
 jm the el- 
 
 
 s, were ta- 
 
 
 rs was flit 
 
 
 're a knife, 
 
 
 fame per^ 
 
 
 iment, two 
 
 
 iman hair. 
 
 
 nd ofgir- 
 
 
 ululdClUIiTU 
 
 thofe ufed 
 
 
 leir feet a 
 
 
 nterwoven. 
 
 
 c whom we 
 
 
 they came 
 
 
 w, and not 
 
 
 atlv made. ♦ 
 
 
 i 
 
it'> 
 
 iff 
 
 i' fi 
 
 il 
 
 I i 
 
 ii 
 
 ; t 
 
 Zmtdtm, .Puili^Asd fyu4lta>.MMa, atifi^Knqj'ulmt^J^tfi- JPatemffyterJtatr ■ 
 
■TCA.TBBOO I 
 
 o.i.S. 
 r^r Lang'. 161. ^SE. 
 
 W:. liar . 
 
 .1 
 
 J- 
 
 81iA:nx> 
 
 X/rmwueT -7** . 
 
 mmr^r^ 
 
 COOK'S THiIlD and LAST VOYAOE-^To «hc PACIFIC OCEAN; &c. 439 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 An attempt made to land m the tfla»d of Mtmgeea, which we were oiligfdto leave ttttviJiled—Obfervalions on the nafi—— 
 Tranfaefims with tbt natives— De/criplion of llie Iflaiid and its iidjatilants — Specimen of their laiit^ititge — The Refolu- 
 
 tionand Difcnery continue their courfe northward^ Dif cover another ijland, named frtiteeo — Fijitsfrm the natives 
 
 Ah atcmntof their perfons and drefs — The toaft explored-^LJeutcnanls Core ami Burney, Mr. Andeifm and Omiah fnt 
 mjbort—An account (f their reception— They are introduced to three Chiefs— /I dance of twenty young women — Om'ir.b's 
 apprehenflonof being roafted — The ijlanders fend provifions on board — Further defcription of the natives — Of their double 
 tmoes— Trees and plants— Omiah' s expedient toprevent being detained on Jbtre — W meets with three of his iMnlrymn 
 .—An account of their diftrefsful voyage— Additional rnnarks relative to ll^'ateeo—Otakootaia vijited, and Harvey's {jland 
 
 A fruitlefs attempt made to land— The two Jbips bear away for the FrietuUy JJJes — Palmer/ion's Ijl.ind touched at 
 
 Two ijhts defcribed—RefreJhments procured— Arrive at the Friendly Iflor.d'—lntercourfe with the natives of Komango— 
 Arrival at AHnamooka-Tranfaf/ions and incidents there— An account of Amamooku—The Refo/utien and Difcovery 
 froceedto Hapaet. , 
 
 AS foon aj the fliips were in a proper ffation, 
 about ten o'clock A. M. of the 30th, two boau 
 wcrcfent out to endeavour to find a convenient place 
 for landing. Captain Cook had no fooncr put off in 
 hia own boat, than the two men approached with their 
 canoe, and when along fide of the boat Mourooa, 
 without hcfitalion, llept into her. Omiah, who was 
 wi^h the Capuin, was dcfircd to enquire of Mourooa, 
 where we could land; vtpon which he dirofled us to 
 two places. But we foon perceived, with regret, that 
 ihc attempt at either was iiTipradicablc,on account of 
 the furf, unlcfs at the rifquc of having our boats dt- 
 flroycd. Nor were we more fucccfslul in our fearch 
 for anchorage, as we could find no bottom within a 
 cable's length of the breakers, where we met with 
 from forty to twenty fathoms depth, over (harp rocks 
 of coral. While wc thus reconnoitred the Ihore of 
 Mangeea, the natives thronged down upon the reef 
 all armed. Mourooa, who Itill remained in the boat 
 with captain Cook, thinking, perhaps, that this war- 
 like appearance deterred us from landing, commanded 
 thcnv to retire. A« many of them complied, we 
 imagined, that he was a perfonof fome confequence: 
 indeed, if we did not milunderftand him, he was bro- 
 ther to the king of the ifland. Several of them, infti- 
 gated by curiofity fwam from the fhore to the boats, 
 and came on board them without reftrvc. We even 
 found fome difficulty in keeping them out, and could 
 ftarce prevent their pilfering whatever was within 
 their reach. At length, wlicn they obferved us re- 
 turning to the fhips, they all left us except Mourooa, 
 who, though not without manifcll indications of fear, 
 accompanied the Commodore on board the Refolution. 
 The cattle, and orhcr new objedls that he faw, did not 
 ftrikc him with much furprize ; his mind, perhaps, be- 
 ing too much occupied about his own fafety, to allow 
 him to attend to other things. He fer ncd very un- 
 eafy, and gave us but little new ir' lligence; and, 
 therefore, alter he had continued a f^ : time on board, 
 a boat was ordered to carry hi:.i towards the land. 
 Iq his way from the cabin, happening to (tumble over 
 one of the goats, he flopped, looked at the animal, and 
 alked Omiah, what bird jt was? But not receiving an 
 inuncdiate anfwer, he repeated the quedion to lome 
 of the people who were upon the deck. The boat 
 having conveyed him near the furf, he leaped into the 
 water, and fwam afhore. His countrymen eager to 
 learn from him what he had feen, flocked round him 
 as loon as he had landed; in which fituation they re- 
 mained when we loft fight of them. We hoifted in 
 the boat as foon as (he returned, and made fail to the 
 northward. Thus were we obliged to leave this fine 
 ifland unviflted, which feemed capable of fupplying 
 all o^r wants. It is fituated in lat. 21 deg. 57 min. S. 
 (ong. 201 deg. 53 min. E. 
 
 This ifland of Mangeea made a mofl delightful ap- 
 pearance; it may therefore cafily be conceived with 
 what rekii3ance we left it. Thbfe parts of its ctnft 
 which fell under our ob(«rvation, are guarded by a 
 reef of coral rock, upunft which a heavy furf is con- 
 tinually breaking. The ifland is about five leagues 
 
 3 ' 
 
 I 
 
 in circumference, and though of a moderate and pretty 
 equal height, may be feen in clear weather ai the dif^ 
 tance of more than ten leagues. In the interior parts, 
 it rifes into fmall hills, whence there is an eafy defcent 
 to the fliore, which, in the S. W. part, is deep, though 
 not very high, and has fevcral cavities made by the 
 dafhing of the waves againfl a browni(h fand-ftone, of 
 which it con(ifts. The defcent here abounds with 
 trees of a deep green, which feem to be all of one fort, 
 except nearell the fhore, where we obferved numbers 
 of that fpccics of dracaena, found in the woods of 
 New Zealand. I he fhore on the H. W. part, termi- 
 nates in a fandy beach, beyond which the land is broken 
 into fmall chaims, and has a broad border of trees, re- 
 fembling tall willows. Farther up, on the afccnt, the 
 trees were of the deep green above mentioned, w hich 
 fome of us imagined to be the rima, intermixed with 
 cocoa-palms, and a few other forts. Some trees of a 
 higher fort were thinly fcattered on the hills, the other 
 parts of which were covered with fomcwhat like fern, 
 or were bare, and of a reddifli colour. The ifland 
 upon the whole, bus a ple.ifing appearance, and might, 
 by proper cultivation, be made a beautiful fpot. The 
 natives appearing CO be both numerous and well fed, 
 it is highly probable, thai fuch articles of provifion as 
 the ifland prodi;i;cs are found in great abundance; 
 Our friend Mourooa informed us, that they had no hogs 
 nor dogs, though they had heard of both tl:ole animals, 
 but that they had plantains, tare, and bread-liuit. The 
 only birds we obferved, were fome terns, noddies, white 
 egg-birds, and white herons. 
 
 The inhabitants of this ifland refemblethofe of Ota- 
 heite and the Marquefas in the beauty of their per- 
 fons; and their general difpofltion feems alfo tocor- 
 refpond with that of the firft mentioned people; for 
 they are not only lively and chearful, but are acquainted 
 with all the lafcivious gefliculations pradiced by the 
 Otaheiteans in their dances. We had likewife reafon 
 to fuppofe, that they have a fimilar method of living : 
 for though we had not an opportunity of feeing many 
 of their habitations, wc obferved one houfe near the 
 beach which in its mode of conflrudion, differed little 
 from thofe of Otaheite. It appeared to be feven feet 
 high, and thirty in length, with an open fend, which 
 reprefented an elliphs, or oval, tranfverfely divided. 
 It was plcafantly fltuated in a grove. Thefe people 
 falute ftrangers by joining nofes, and taking the hand 
 of the perfon whom they accoft, which they rub 
 with fome force upon their mouth and nofe. It is 
 worthy of remark, that the inhabitants of the, Pa- 
 laos. New Philippine, or rather Caroline Iflands, 
 though at the diftance of near 1 500 leagues from 
 Mangeea, have a fimilar method of falutation. The 
 language of the natives of Mangeea is a dialedl of 
 that fpoken at Ouheite, as will appe.ir by the fol- 
 lowing lift of words, feledted by the affiftance of 
 Omiah. The agreement between them as to the or- 
 thography is very ftriking; but their pronunciation 
 in Mangeea, like that of the New Zealanders, is ra- 
 ther more guttural than that of Otaheite. 
 
 A LIST 
 
 m 
 
 'It 
 
 I •■ I 
 
 ■lT?t 
 
 i''*ili 
 
 1 
 
 •.til 
 
 'M 
 
mttma 
 
 440 
 
 Capt. C O O K '• V a Y A C E S COMPLETE. 
 
 * 
 
 A List of vot6» uf d in Manif^'ca, and compared with 
 others ufed at Otahcitc, taken from Omiah by Mr. 
 Andcrfon. 
 
 Manoeea. 
 
 Otaiieiti. 
 
 Endmsh. 
 
 Kooroo 
 
 Ooroo 
 
 BreaJ-fruilt 
 
 Ewakka 
 
 Evaa 
 
 ACanof. 
 
 Ereckec 
 
 Erce 
 
 AOsief. 
 
 Pooroohee 
 
 
 ACIub. 
 
 Taia, taia aoutee 
 
 Eniitc 
 
 Cloth or clolb-ptant 
 
 Eakkarce 
 
 Arec 
 
 A Cocoa-nut, 
 
 Mahcine 
 
 Mahcine 
 
 A Daughter. 
 
 Naoo, mou 
 Etamagec 
 
 
 Friend. 
 AFightfOriatt/e. 
 
 Tamace 
 
 Mata 
 
 Myty 
 
 Good. 
 
 Manna 
 
 — 
 
 Great, orpmverful. 
 
 Ereckec, manna 
 
 ■ 
 
 APaxverful (buf. 
 
 Ou 
 
 Wou 
 
 J. 
 
 Ooma 
 
 Taata, or Tangat 
 
 
 To Kifs. 
 A Man. 
 
 a Taata 
 
 Aourc 
 
 Aourc 
 
 No. 
 
 Hcyhcy 
 
 — _ 
 
 A Spear. 
 The Shore. 
 
 Euta 
 
 Euta 
 
 Heetaia matooa 
 Waheine 
 
 
 T'ltD llIM 
 
 Wahcinc 
 
 4 R'r o/fff. 
 
 A IVoman. 
 
 Oo 
 
 _____ 
 
 There. 
 
 Ehataice 
 
 Owytaiecoa 
 
 What is that? 
 
 Ace 
 
 Ai 
 
 Tes. 
 
 Having taken our departure from Mangeca, we held 
 on our courfc northward, till noon of Monday the 31ft, 
 when the man at the maft-hcad called out land, which 
 was foon anfwcred by a fignal from the Difcovery. 
 It lay in the direction of N. E. by N. didant i o leagues. 
 The next morning, being Tucfday the ift of April, we 
 were abreaft of its north-end, and within four leagues 
 of it. It now had the appearance of an ifland, nearly 
 of the fame extent with that which we had left. Ano- 
 ther ifland, much fmaller, was alfo defcricd right 
 a-head. Though wc could foon have reached this, we 
 preferred the larger one, as being mod likely to fur- 
 ni(h food for our cattle. We therefore made fail for 
 it ; but there being little wind, and that unfavourable, 
 wc were ftill two leagues to leeward, at eight o'clock 
 the fucceeding morning. Soon after three armed boats 
 were difpatched, and one from the Difcovery, under 
 the command of Lieutenant Gore, in fearch of a land- 
 ing-place, and good anchoring-ground. Meanwhile 
 we plied up under the ifland with the fhips. As our 
 boats we re putting off, we faw fcveral canoes coming 
 from the fliore, which repaired firft to the Difcovery, 
 ilie being the nearcft to it. Not long after, three of 
 thcfc canoes came along-fidc our fliip, the Refolution. 
 They are long and narrow, and arc fupported by out- 
 riggers: the head is flat above, but prow-like below; 
 and the flern is about four feet high. We beflowed 
 on our vifitors fome knives, beads, and other trifles ; 
 and they gave us fomc cocoa-nuts, in confcquencc of 
 our having aflted for them ; but they did not part with 
 them by way of exchange, as ttkcy feemed to have no 
 idea of barter or traffic. One of the natives, after a 
 little perfuafion came on board; and two others foon 
 followed his example. They appeared to be pcrfcdly 
 at their eafc, and free from all uneafy apprehenfions. 
 Afler their departure, a man arrived in another canoe, 
 bringing a bunch of plantains as a prefent to our cap- 
 tain, who gave him in return, a piece of red cloth, and 
 an axe. We were afterwards informed by Omiah, 
 that this prefent had been fent from the king of the 
 ifland. Soon after, a double canoe, containing twelve 
 of the iflanders, came towards us. On approaching 
 the fliip, they recited fom« words in concert, by way of 
 chorus, one of them firft giving the word before each 
 repetition. Having finifhed this <clcnn chant, they 
 came along-fidc, and afked for the chief. As foon as 
 Captain Cook had made his appearance, a pig and 
 fome cocoa-nuta were conveyed into the (hip; and the 
 captain was alfo f)refented with a piece of matting, by 
 the principal pcrfon in the canoe, when he and his 
 wmpanions had got oa board. Th?fe new vifiunts 
 
 were intrmluccd into the cabin, and other parts of the 
 fliip. Though fome objcels fccnicd to lurprizc them, 
 nothing coMid fix their attention. They were afraid 
 to venture near the cows and horfis, of whofe nature 
 thoy could form no conception. A« for the niecp<tiid 
 goats, they gave us to und^rfland, that they knew them 
 to be birds. It may appear rather incredible, that 
 human ignorance could ever make fo ridiculous a mif- 
 take, there not being the fmallcfl refcmb" ,cc between 
 any winged animal and a flicep or goat. But thcfe 
 people (eemcd unacquainted with the cxifttnte of 
 any other terreftrial animals than hogs, dogs, and 
 birds; and feeing our goats and fliccp to be very dif- 
 ferent from the two former, they inferred abfurdU , tlilt 
 they muft belong to the latter clafs, in which they knew 
 there were a great variety of fpecica. Though (Jap- 
 tain Cook bcflowed on his new friend what he lup- 
 pofcd would be the moft acceptable prefent, yet he 
 feemed fomewhat difappointcd. We were atlerwardt 
 informed, that he eafferlv wiflied to procure a dog, df 
 which kind of animals this ifland was dcflitutc, thouj^h 
 the natives knew that the race exifled in other itlanii 
 of the Pacific Ocean. Captain Gierke had received a 
 fimilar prefent, with the fiime view, from another 
 man, who was equally difappointcd in his expectations. 
 
 Theiflanders, whomwc nadfeen inthofecanocs, were, 
 in general, of the middling (Yaturc, and not unlike the 
 Mangcans. Their hair citner flowed loofcly over their 
 ftioulders,orwastiedonthecrownofthehe3di and though 
 in fome it was frizzled, yet that, as well as the (Iraight 
 fort, was long. Some of the young men were handfoin^. 
 Like the inhabitants of Mangeca, they wore girdles of 
 glazed cloth, or fine matting, the ends of which were 
 Drought between their thighs. Their ears were bored, 
 and they wore about their necks, by way of ornament, 
 a fort of broad grafs, flained with red, and ftrung with 
 berries of the night-lhade. Many of them were curi* 
 oufly marked or tatooed from the middle downwards, 
 particularly upon their legs ; which made them appi ,ir 
 as if they wore boots. Their beanis were lon^aiid 
 they had a kind of fandals on their feet. Thejnfvc.e 
 frank and chearful in their deportment, very friendly, 
 and good-natured. Lieutenant Gore returned from 
 his excurfion, and informed Captain Cqok, that he had 
 examined the weft-fide of the illand, without being able 
 to iind a place where a ftiip could ride in fafety, or a 
 boat could land, the fliorc being bounded by a ftccp 
 coral rock, againft which a continual furf broke w ith 
 extraordinary violence. But as the inhabitants feemed 
 extremely friendly, and as delirous of our landing as 
 wc ourfelves were, Mr. Gore was of opinion, that they 
 might be prevailed upon to bring ofV to the boats be- 
 yond the furf, fuch anicles as we were moft in need of. 
 As we had little or no wind, the delay of a day or two 
 was of no great confequcnce, and therefore it was rc- 
 folved to try the experiment the next morning: foon 
 after day break fome canoes came towards the fhips, 
 one of which direded its courfe to the Refolution. - 
 There were in it fome cocoa-nuts, plantains, and a hog, 
 for which the natives demanded from us a dog, re- 
 fufing every other thing wc oircicd by way of ex- 
 change. Though one of our gentlemen on baird had 
 a dog and bitch, which were great nuifances in the 
 Ihip, and which might have ferved to propagate a 
 race of foufeful an animal in this ifland, yet he could 
 not be prevailed upon to part with them. However, to 
 gratify thefe people, Omiah gave them a favourite dog 
 he had brought with him from England, with which 
 acquifltion they were highly pleafcd. 
 
 Thurfday the 3d of April, at ten o'clock A. M. Lieu- 
 tenant Goie was difpatched with three boats, to make 
 trial of the experiment which that officer had propofed. 
 Two of the natives, who had been on board, acrom.^ 
 panied him; and Omiah ferved as an interpreter. 
 The ftiips being a full league from the ifland when the 
 boats put oflT, and the wind being inconflderable, it 
 was twelve o'clock before we could work iip to it. 
 We then perceived our three boats juft without the furf, 
 and an amazing number of the iflanders on the fliore, 
 abreaft of them. Concluding from this, that Lieu- 
 4, tenant 
 
 \ 
 
COOK'S TIIIKH and LAST VOVACh— lo the PACIFIC OCUAN, fctr. 441 
 
 tenant Gore. anJ oihcr» ot our people had landed, wc 
 were impatient to know the event. With a vicvv o 
 obferving their motioni, and being ready to artoril 
 them Cuch aflTiftance ai they n»ight occafionally require, 
 wc kept as near the (Iwre as wai conlilUnt with pru- 
 dence We were convinced, however, that the reel 
 was a very effcttual barrier between us and our friendi 
 who had landed, and put them completely out of the 
 reach of our protcdlion. But the natives, in all pro- 
 bability, were not fo fcnfible of this circumlhnce as wc 
 were. Some of them now and thcn,brought a few cocoa- 
 nuts to the fl»ips, and exchanged them for whatever 
 was offered them. Thefcoccafional vilits dimini(l\edthc 
 Captain's folicitudc about our people who had landed ( 
 for, though we could procure no intelligence from our 
 vifitors, yet their venturing aboard feemcd to imply, 
 that their countrymen on fliore had made no improper 
 ufe of the confidence rcpofed in them. At length 
 towards the evening, wc had the fatisfadtion of fctmg 
 the boats return. When our people got on board, we 
 found that Mr. Gore, Mr. \nderlon. Mr. Burncy, and 
 Omiah, were the only pcrfons who had landed. The 
 occurrences of the day were now fully reported to Cap- 
 tain Cook by Mr. Gore. Mr. Anderfon's account of 
 their tranfactions, which was very circumftantial, and 
 including fomc obfervations on the illand, and its in- 
 habitants, was to the following purport. 
 
 They rowed towards a fandy beach, where a great 
 number of natives had aflembled, and came to an an- 
 chor at the diflance of a hundred yards from the reef. 
 Several of the iflanders fwam off, bringing cocoa-nuts 
 with theip i and Omiah gave them to underlland, that 
 our people were dcfirous of landing. Soon after two 
 canoes came ottj and to infpire the natives with a 
 greater confidence, Mr. Gore and his conipanions re- 
 lolved to go unarmed. Mr. Anderfon and Lieutenant 
 Burney went in one canoe, a little before the other; and 
 their condudtors watching with great attention the 
 motions of the furf, landed them fafely on the reef. 
 A native took hold of each of them, with a view of 
 fupporting them in walking over the rugged rocks to 
 the beach, where feveral others, holding m their hands 
 the green boughs of a fpecies of mimo/a, met them, 
 and faluted them by the jundion of nofes. They were 
 conducted from the beach amidft a vail multitude of 
 people, who flocked around them with the moft eager 
 curiofity i and being led up an avenue of cocoa-palms, 
 foon came to a number of men, arranged in two rows, 
 and armed with clubs. Proceeding onward among 
 thefc, they found a pcrfon who appeared to be a chief, 
 fitting crofs-lcgged on the ground, and cooling himfelf 
 with a kind of triangular fan, naade from the leaf of 
 the cocoa-palm, with a poliflicd handle of black wood. 
 He wore in his ears large bunches of beautiful feathers 
 of a red colour, but had no other mark to diffinguifli 
 him from the reft of the people. Our two countrymen 
 having faluted him as he (at, marched on among the 
 men armed with clubs, and came to a fecond chief, 
 adorned like the former, and occupied like him, in 
 fanning himfelf He was remarkable for his fize and 
 corpulence, though he did not appear to be above thirty 
 years of age. They were conducted in the fame man- 
 ner to a ihird chief, who feemed older than the two 
 former : he alfo ^as fitting, and was ornamented with 
 red feathers. After they had faluted him as they had 
 done the others, he delired them both to fit down, 
 which they willingly confented to, being greatly 
 fatigued with walking, and with the extreme heat they 
 felt amidft the furrounding multitude. 
 
 The people being ordered to feparate, cur two 
 gentlemen faw, at a fmall diftance, twenty young wo- 
 men, adorned, like the chiefs, in red feathers, engaged 
 in a dance, which they performed to a flow and folemn 
 air, fung by them all. - ThjE gentlemen rofe up, and 
 walked forward to fee thpfe dancers, who, without pay- 
 ing them the fmall^d ati^^ntiont dUI continued their 
 dance. They f^med to b«,direCted: by a man, who, in 
 the capacity of a^promptBri mqfitioncd the feveral 
 motions they were tQ make. They .lever changed 
 the fpot, as European* do in dancing, and though 
 . No. 54- 
 
 their feet were not entirely at red, this exercife con- 
 lillcd more in movirtjj vhcir (in(;er» very nimbly, hoM- 
 ing their hands, ct the fame time, in a prone pofition, 
 near the face, and ULcallotially clapping thrm together. 
 Their dances and finging are pcrlormcd in the cxa'fhft 
 concert, and the former bear a great refemblance to 
 thofe of the natives of the Caroline Iflands, 'i he 
 young women had probably been inllrudlcd with 
 extraordinary care, and felciitcd for this ceremony, be- 
 ing fupenor in beauty to moft of thofe who were in the 
 crowd. They were in general, rather flout, and of ait 
 olive complexion, with black hair flowing in ringlets 
 down their necks. Their ftiape and limbs were elegantly 
 formed) forthcirdrc(sconfiuingonlyofa|iicceof glazed 
 cloth tied round the waift, which fcarcely reached (o 
 low as the knees, our gentlemen had an opportunity of 
 examining almoft every part. Their features were 
 rather t<w full to conftitutc a pcrfed beauty. Their 
 eyes were of a deep black, and their countenances ex- 
 prefTcd a great degree of modefty and complacency. 
 Before thcie hcatitcoiis females had finillied theirdancc, 
 a noife was heard as if fomc horfcs had been galloping 
 towards our gentlemen ; and on turning their eyes 
 alidc, they faw the people armed with clubs, who had 
 been dcfired to entertain them as they fuppofed.with an 
 exhibition of their manner of lighting ; which they did, 
 one party purfuing another, who ran away. 
 
 At this time Lieutenant Burney and Mr. Anderfon 
 began to look about for Mr. Gore and Omiah, whom 
 they at length perceived coming up, having been as 
 much iiKominodcd by the crowfis of people as they 
 themfelves had been, and introduced in the fnme 
 manner to the three chiefs j the names of whom were 
 Ottcroo, Taroa, and Fatowweera. Each of thefc ex- 
 a<fling a prefent Mr. Gore gave them fuch things as he 
 had brought with him for that purpofc ; after which 
 he informed the chiefs of his views in coming aftiore, 
 but was dclircd to wait till the next day before he 
 ftiould have what he wanted. They now endeavoured 
 to feparate our gentlemen from each other, every one 
 of whom had his rcfpectivc circle to furround, and 
 gaie at him. Mr. Anderfon was, at one time, up- 
 wards of an hour apart from his friends; and when he 
 told the chief, who was near him, that he wiflicd tw 
 fpcak to Omiah, his requeft was peremptorily refufed. 
 At the fame time he found that thofe near him pilfered 
 feveral trifling things which were in his pocket ; and on 
 hiscomplainingof this treatment to the chief, he iuf- 
 tilied their behaviour. From thefc circtmiftanccs Mr. 
 Anderfon began t* apprehend, that they defigned to 
 detain our party among them. In this fltuation he 
 aiked for fomcthing to eat, ; upon which they brought 
 him fomc cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and a fort of lour 
 pudding i and when he complained of the hear, occa- 
 iioned by the multitude of people, the chief himfelf 
 condefcendcd to fan him. Mr. Burncy going to the 
 place where Mr. Anderfon was, the latter informed 
 him of his fiifpicions ; and to try whether they were 
 well founded or not, they both attempted to get to the 
 beach ; upon which they were foon flopped by fome of 
 the natives, who faid they mult return to the place 
 which they had left. On their coming up they found 
 Omiah under the fame apprehenfions ; but he had, 
 as he imagined, an additional motive of terror ; fpr, 
 having obferved, that they had dug a hole in the 
 ground for an oven, which they were now heating, ho 
 could allign no other rcafon for it, than that they in- 
 tended to roaft and devour our people; he went oven 
 fo far as to alk them, whether that was their intention ; 
 at which they were much furprized, afking, in return, 
 w hether that cuftom prevailed among us. 
 
 Thus were Mr. Anderfon and the others detained the 
 greateft part of the day, being fometimes feparated, and 
 lometimes together; but continually in a croud, whode- 
 fired them frequently to uncover parts of their fkin, the 
 fightof whichltrucktheiflanderswith admiration. They, 
 at the fame time, rifltfd the pockets of our gentlemen t 
 and one of them fnatchcd' from Mr. Gore a bayonet, 
 which hung by his fide. This being reprefented to'oneof 
 the chiefs, ^e pretended to fend a perfon in icarchof it; 
 5 T hut 
 
 ill 
 
 
 
 : * 
 
 
rl'i 
 
 44» 
 
 C«pt. C O O Ki VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ! !l 
 
 m 
 
 ij i- 
 
 but probihly coiintcrtahrcd the theft i fur Omiah, Aion 
 after, had a dagger nolert .rom hii flde in the fame 
 manner. I'hey now broilght fome sreen bouahs ai 
 emblem! of fViendfliip, and (Hcking tne ends orihcm 
 in the ground, dcflred our party would hold thrnv as 
 thev fat, giving them to underftand, that they muli Hay 
 ana eat with them. The fight of a pig lying near the 
 oven, which they h.id heated, removed Oiniah'i up-. 
 
 Erehenlloni of being put into it hitnfclf, ami nude 
 im think, that it might be intended ai a rcpatl for 
 him and hit companions. 1°he chief alfo fcnt fome of 
 hii people to provide food for the cattle, and they re- 
 turned with a few plantain treei, which they conveyed 
 to the boats. In the mean time, Mr. Burney, and Mr. 
 Anderfon made a fecoiul attempt to get to the beach i 
 but on their arrival, they found themfelves watched by 
 people who fcemed to have been ftatloned there fur 
 that purpofe; for when Mr. Anderfon endeavoured to 
 wade in upon the reef, one of them dragged hint back 
 by hit clothes. I'hey alfo infilled upon his tlirowing 
 down fome pieces of coral that he had picked up, and 
 on hii refuting to comply, took them from him by 
 force: nor would theyfu.'fcr him to retain fome fmall 
 plants which he had gathered. I'hey likewife took a 
 fan from Mr. Burney, who, on his coming cfliore had 
 received it as a prefent. Finding that obedience to 
 their will was tne only method of procuring better 
 treatment, the gentlemen returned to the place they 
 had (juitted; whereupon the natives promifrd, that 
 after tney had partaken of a repaf^, that had been pre- 
 pared for them, they fliould be furnilhcd with a canoe 
 to carry them off to their boats. Accordingly, the 
 fecond chief to whom they had been prcfentcd, having 
 feated himfelf on a low ftool, and directed the multi- 
 tude to form a large ring, made them lit down by him. 
 A number of cocoa-nuts wcr« now brought, with a 
 
 Siantity of baked plantains, and a piece of the pig 
 at had been drelfea, was placed before each of them. 
 Their fatigue, however, had taken away their appetites i 
 neverthelefs they eat a little to pleafe their entertainers. 
 When this meal was finifhed, Omiah, Mr. Gore's in- 
 terpreter, was quellioned by the natives concerning us, 
 our country, our (bips and arms. In anfwer to which, 
 among other particulars, he told them, that our coun- 
 try had (hips as large as their illand, on board of which 
 were implements of war (defcribing our guns^ of fuch 
 dimenfions, as to contain feveral people within them ; 
 one of which could dcmoiidi the illand at one (hot. 
 As to the guns in our two (hips, he acknowledged that 
 they were out fmall in comparifon with the former j 
 yet even with thefe, he faid, we could with great eafc, 
 at a confidcrable didancc deftroy the ifland, and every 
 foul in it. On their enquiring by what means this 
 could be done, Omiah produced fome cartridges from 
 his pocket, and having liibmitted to infpetftion the balls, 
 and the gun-powder by which they were to be fet in 
 motion, he difpofed the latter upon the ground, and 
 by means of a piece of lighted wood, fet it on (ire. 
 The fudden blaft, the mingled flame and fmoke, that 
 fucceeded inftantaneoufly, filled the natives with fuch 
 aftoni{hment,that they no longer doubted the formidable 
 power of our weapons : and had it not been for the 
 terrible ideas they entertained of the guns of our (hips, 
 from this fpecimeh of the mode of their operation, it 
 wai imagined that they would have detained the gen- 
 tlemen the whole night; for Omiah aflured them, that, 
 if he and his friends did not return on board the fame 
 day, they might expedl, that our Commander, captain 
 Cook, would fire upon the ifland. It was now near 
 fun.fet, when the iflanders fent down to .he beach the 
 remainder of the provifions that had been drelTed, to 
 be carried to the (nipss foon after which our gentlemen 
 found a canoe prepared to put them off to their boats, 
 which the natives did with great caution; but as they 
 were pufhing the canoe into the furf, one of them 
 fnatched a bag out of her, which contained a pocket- 
 piftol belonging to Mr. .Anderfon, who calling out to 
 the chief with marks of the highelt di(ple:ilure, he 
 fwam back to the canoe with the bag. The iflaiuiers 
 then-put them on board the bouts, with the cocoa-nuts, 
 : 4 . 
 
 plantains, and other provifionsi and the* immedi.itelr 
 rowed back to thr (hipi. ' 
 
 The rcttrained liiiiation of thefe gentlemen gave thrm 
 very little opiiortunity of obfcrving the country, for 
 they were fcldom a hundred yards from the place 
 \»hcrethcy had been introduced to the chiefs, and, 
 confcquently, were confined to a few furrounding ob- 
 jcdU. Thcfirll thing that attrailid their notice wai 
 the number of people, which mu(t have been at leaft 
 two thouf.iml. Except a few, thofe w ho had come on 
 board the (hips, were all of an inferior clafs i for a 
 great number of thofe that our gentlemen met with 
 on (hore, had a fuperior dignity of demeanour, and 
 their complexion was much whiter. In general, 
 they had their hair, which is JonK and black, tietl 
 on the crown of the head. Many of the young men 
 were perfcd mcxlils in fliape, and of a delicate com- 
 olexion. The old men were, many of them, corpu- 
 lenti and they, as well as the young, had a remark- 
 able fmoothniCs of (kin. Their general drefs confilkd 
 of a pii-ccof cloth wrapped about the waift, but fome 
 had pieces of mats, molt turioiidy variegated with 
 black and white, formed into a kind of jacket without 
 llceves; while others wore conical caps made of the 
 core of a cocoa-nut, interwoven with beads. In their 
 ears, which were pierced, they hung pieces of the 
 mcmhranious part of fome plant, or (tuck there fome 
 odoriferous flower. The chiefs, and other perfons of 
 rank, had two little ball*, with a common bafc, made 
 of bone; which they hung round their necks with 
 fmall cords. Ked feathers are confiJercd in this ifland 
 a^ a particular mark of diltindioni (or none but the 
 chiefs, and the young women who danced, alTumcd 
 them. Some of the men were puni'lured all over 
 their (idea and barks, and fome of the women had the 
 fame ornament (if it dcfervcs that name) on their legs. 
 The elderly women had their hair cropied (hoit, and 
 many of them were cut all over the fore part of the 
 body in oblique lines. The wife of a chief appeared 
 with her child, laid in a piece of red cloth, which had 
 been prefcnted to her hufband : flie fuckled the infant 
 much after the manner of our women. Another chief 
 introduced his daughter, who was young, beautiful, 
 and modeft. No perfonal deformities were obferved in 
 either fex, except a few individuals, who had fears of 
 broad ulcers remaining on the face and other parts. 
 Many of the natives were armed with fpearsand clubs, 
 the latter of which were generally about fix , et long, 
 made of a hard black wood neatly polifhci". The 
 fpcars were formed of the fame wood, (imply pointed, 
 and were in general twelve feet long; but (ome were fo 
 fhort as to fcem intended for darts. They prefervcd 
 their canoes from the fun under the (hade of various 
 trees. Mr. Anderfon faw eightor ten of them all dou- 
 ble ones J that is, two (ingle ones lafhed together by 
 rafters laid acrofs. They were about four feet deep, 
 and in length about twenty feet, and the fides were 
 rounded with a plank raifed on them. Two of thefe 
 canoes were curioufly (Gained all over with black, in 
 numberlefs fmall figures, as triangles, fquares, &c. and 
 were far fuperior to any thing of the kind Mr. Ander- 
 fon had ever feen at any other ifland in the South Sea. 
 The paddles were almoft elliptical, and about four feet 
 long. Moft of the trees obferved by Mr. Anderfon 
 were cocoa-palms, fome fpeciea of hibifcus; a fort of 
 euphorbia ; and many of the fame kind he had feen at 
 Mangcea. I'hc latter are tall and flender, refembling 
 a cyprefs; and arc called by the natives ctoa. This 
 gentleman faw alfoajpccies of convolvulus, and fome 
 treacle-muftard ; be(Kies which there are doubtlefs 
 other plants and fruit-trees, which he had not an oppor- 
 tunity of feeing. The foil, towards the fea, is nothing 
 more than a bank of coral, generally fleep and rugged, 
 which, though it has probably been for many centuries 
 expofed to the weather, has fuffered no further change 
 than becoming black on its furface. The reef or rock, 
 with which the fhore is lined, runs to different breadths 
 into the fea, where it refemUes a ^igh ffecp wall: it it 
 of a brownifli colour, and nearly even with the furiacc 
 of the water; and though its tcxtua it rather porous, 
 
 it 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAfiE— To the PACIFIC OfEAN, &c. 
 
 44? 
 
 it ii rapabic of withOanding the walliing of the furf, 
 which conftantly break* upon it. 
 
 Thotigh thi» ifland had never before been vilited by 
 ^Airnpriiii, there were other ftranj^crs now rciiding in 
 it| aiuJ it wa« entirely owing to Omiuh'a accompanying 
 Mr. Gore, that this remarkable circumftance came 
 to otir knowledge. Ho had fiarcely landed on the 
 beach, when he found, among the crowd, three of hii 
 owncountrymen, nativci of the Society Ifle*. At the 
 diOanre of about two hundred leagues from thofc 
 ilianits, an immcnfc ocean intervening, with fuch mi> 
 fenble fea-boati as their inhabitants make ufe of, fuch 
 a meeting, at fuch a place, fu accidentally vifited by us, 
 may be confidered as one of thofe extraordinary and 
 unexpedtfd fituations, whichllrikea curious obferver 
 with wonder and ama/.rmcnc. 'I'he mutual furprilc 
 and pleafure with which Omiah and his countrymen 
 engaged in converfation, may ealily be imagined. All 
 were equally impatient! thev to hear Omiah's advcn- 
 turei, and Omian to know theira. Their (lory, ai re- 
 lated by themfelves, is a very affedlng one. They 
 laid, that about twenty perfons, male and female, had 
 embarked in a canoe at Otaheite, with an Intention of 
 croHlng over to Ulieteai but they were prevented by 
 contrary winds from reaching the latter, or returning to 
 the former ifland. A dreadfid tempeft drove them 
 into the main ocean, and the fea, continuing to run 
 mountains high, wafhed overboard fome of the women 
 and children, who pcriflied before they experienced 
 any further diftrcfs : that, after three days, when the 
 ftorm abated, thofc who remained found themfelves in 
 an unknown ocean, with little more proviflons than 
 were neceflary to ferve them a very Ihort times that, 
 having no pilot to dired their courfe, they continued 
 (o go Before the wind day after day ; and, their IhKk of 
 
 Erovidons being exhauded, they (uH'ercd inconceivable 
 ardihipi: that, their number gradually diminiflied, 
 worn out by famine and fatigue: that, thofe who fur- 
 vived had nothing but the lea-weed which they found 
 floating in the fea, and the water which they faved when 
 it rained, to keep them alive: that, ten days havm^ 
 clapied, and no land in fight, defpair took place of hope, 
 and fcvcral, unable to Uipport the pangs of hunger, 
 jumped overboard in their phrenzy, and perilhed by an 
 cafier death) and the groans of the dying, and the ter- 
 rible agonies with which fome were aifeded before 
 death came to their relief, exceeded all dcfcription. 
 In this melancholy fituation they had cxilled for thir- 
 teen days, and how iriuch longer they could have no 
 rccolledion, for they were taken up infenfibleof pain, 
 and hardly to bediuinguilhcd from the emaciated bo- 
 dies of the dead among whom they were found, fecm- 
 ingly without life or motion, till by the friendly rare of 
 their deliverers they were renorecl. When they were 
 recovered, they faid, it was like waking from a dream : 
 they knew not where they were, nor how they came 
 upon land ; but being told they were taken up at fea, 
 and in w^at condition, a< their fenfcs gradually re- 
 turned, they by degrees recollciflcd all the circum- 
 ftances already related : they added, that ever fince they 
 were brought to life, they had remained with their deli- 
 verers, and were now quite reconciled to their condition, 
 and happy in the fituation in which the Etooa, or good 
 fpirit, had placed them. Four men had furvived, one 
 of whom had fince died : and the namca of the three, 
 now living, are Tavce, Otirreroa, and Orodoute i the 
 former was bom at Huaheine, the fecond at Ulietea, 
 and the latter at Otaheite. Omiah, after hearing their 
 relation, with which he was apparently much anedlod, 
 told them, that they might now take the opportunity of 
 returning home with him; that he would intercede for 
 them, and that he was fure, if they chofe it, the chiefs 
 of the expedition would grant his requeft. They 
 thanked Omiah for his kindnefsj nor had they any rea- 
 fon to fuppofe, that fuch an offer would ever be made 
 .t'i:cm agams but they were now determined to end 
 their days with the people who had reftored them to 
 fecond lifct and as their dearefl relations and friends 
 were of the number of thofe who pcrifbed, the return 
 to their native country would only renew their grief, and 
 iflftead of affording them pleafure, would increafe 
 
 their melancholy. Tlic .ipplic-itioin of ihi^nainitive is 
 obvious. It will fervt tn t'xplalr< . in a iiHin- fntisf'ac- 
 tory manner than thr rtimlV com eiiturcs of ifK-culaiive 
 realcmers, how thedctaiheilpan- of thr ttoilJ, and, in 
 particular, the iflamls of thr Ps( ific (Vein may have 
 iKen firft peopled; thofc cfpoially thiii lie at a confi- 
 drrahledifiance from each other, or from any inha- 
 bited nort<i of a continent. Smh art idciit^ nn the iibovc 
 related, probably happen friqucntly in the urt-.xt I'.x ific 
 Ocean. In 1606, two cancK-s. having (wiiDani tlurt)/ 
 perfons of lx>th rtxes,were driven, by ( onirar) \» inils and 
 ten>})eftuou» weather, ( n the Illc ot .S;itnal, one of the 
 Philippines, alter having Ikcm tolled alvwit a'!.a(tvinty 
 days, and having performed a voyage, Iroin an illand, 
 called by them Amorlot, joo kagiiis ro ihi.- I-jU o/' 
 Saiual. Five of the niimlur who embarked, din! ol 
 the hardfliips fullered during ihi» extraorJinaiy paf- 
 fage. In 1721,1*0 canots, one containing 114, the other 
 6 perfons, men, \u)men, and thilitun, wcie driven 
 from an ifland, they called I'arroilep, northward, to 
 the ifle of Giiam,dneot the l.ndruiU'.s, or M.irianncj: 
 but thefe had not failed fo far an their countrymen, who 
 reached Samal, as above, ami they h:ul been at lea only 
 70 days. There feems ro be no reafon to doubt the 
 authenticity of thefe two relations. 'I'he information 
 contained in the letters of the Jefiiits, about thrfc 
 iflaiids, now known under the name of the ( aroline«, 
 and diicovercd to the Spaniards by the arrival of the 
 canoes at Samal and Guam, has been adopted by all 
 our later writers. 
 
 The natives of this ifland rail it Wateccxj. It is 
 fituated in the lat.of 2odeg. 1 min. S. and in the long. 
 of 201 deg. 45 min, I'',, and is about 6 lengiicH in cir- 
 cumference. It is a beautiful fpot, with a furface co- 
 vered with verdure, and compofed of hills nnd plains. 
 The foil, in fome parts is light and fandyi but lurthcr 
 up the country, we faw from the fliip by the alFiftancc 
 of our giaffes, a reddilli call on the riling grounds. 
 There the iflanders build their hoiifes, for we could per- 
 ceive fcveral of them which were long and fpacious. 
 Its produce is nearly the fame with that of Mangeea, 
 the ifland we lad quitted. If we may depend on 
 Omiah's account of what he learned from his three 
 countrymen, in the courfe of cnnverfation, the man- 
 ners of the people of Wateeoo, their general habits of 
 life, and their manner of trciting II rangers, greatly re- 
 fembic thofe that prevail at Otaheite, and its neigh- 
 bouring iflands. There is alfo a great fimilarity between 
 their religious ceremonies and opinions. From every 
 circumllance, indeed, it may be confuiercd as indubit- 
 able, that the inhabitants of Wateeoo derive their de- 
 fcent from the fame Hock, which has fo remarkably 
 dirtufed itfcif over the immenfe extent of the Southern 
 Ocean. Omiah alTuied us, that they dignified their 
 ifland with the pompous appellation of Wenooa no tc 
 Eatooa, implying a land of Gods, efleemmg them- 
 felves a nrcc of divinities, poflcfTed with the mirit of 
 the Eatooa. Their language was well underltood by 
 Omiah, and equally fo by our two New Zealandcrs who 
 were on brwrd. Though the landing of our gentlemen 
 was the means of enriching the hifloiy of our voyage 
 with the foregoing particulars, yet the princip.il objedl 
 in view was partly unattained ; for we procured fcarcely 
 any thing worth mentioning from the ifland. Indeed 
 it appears from the circumflances already mentioned, 
 that Wateeoo can be of little ufe to any Ihip wanting 
 refrelhment, unlcfs in the cafe of the moft abfolute ne- 
 cefiity. The natives, knowing now the value of fome 
 of our commodities, might be induced to bring off 
 fruits and hogs to a Ihip iTanding off or on, or to boats 
 lying off the reef, as ours did. ft is doubtful, however, 
 if any frefli water could be procured. For. though 
 fome was brought in ctKOa-nut (hells to the gentlemen, 
 they were told, that it was at a confiderable diflancc; 
 and, probably, it is only to be met with in fome ftag- 
 nant pool, u no running ftream was any where to be 
 feen. , 
 
 Calh)s and light airs, having alternately prevailed 
 during the night of the ^d of April, before day-break 
 an eauerly fwell had carried the Refolution and Difco* 
 very fome diftance from Wateeoo, but having failed of 
 
 {tfocurin^ 
 
 i 
 1! 
 
444 
 
 Cai)'. C U O Ki V C) Y A G L S C O M I' L li I K. 
 
 f ! 
 
 ' * 
 
 r 5 
 
 u* 
 
 It 
 
 M 
 
 CrocuriniK, al that place, thv fiipplir* we wantrti, vc 
 :lt it withotit rrurrt, ami llrrrrd lur (he illanil thai had 
 bcrn difcovrrcil ny iii ihrrc dayi hrlorc. Having a 
 ccntle brce/c at K. we got up with it by ten oVlotk, 
 A. M. on ['riiliiy, the 4(h, wnen captain C<M>k iinnic- 
 diatcly difnatchrd Mr. (iorc w iih two boati, to fee il hr 
 rould laml. and get fubliltincr for our rattle. Ihotigh 
 a reef furrnundcd the inml hire, n* at Wateeoo, and 
 • confidrrabic fiirt' broke a|{ninll the rn<'ki, nur boats 
 ro foonir reached the welUlide of the ill.ind, but thr|r 
 ventured in, and Mr. r.)re and hi* party arrived fale 
 on Ihore. (japttin Cook feeing from the fhip they had 
 fo far fucccedcd, fent oti a fmall boat to know if far- 
 ther afTinanccwa* required. She waited to take in a 
 lading of the produce of the ifland, and, therefore, 
 (lid not return till three o'clock in the afternoon. tk'> 
 ing cleared, (he wn* fent again for another cargoi at 
 thefanie time the jolly boat wai alfo difpatched ii{>on 
 the fame bufmcfi, with order* for Mr. Gore to return 
 withthcboat* '«fore night, which order* were punc- 
 tually obeyed. 'I'he fupply obtained here wa« about 
 300 cocoa-nut* for ourcompaniri, and for our cattle a 
 quantity of grnf*, with foinc leave* of the pandanus. 
 Thi* latter being of a foft, fpongy nature, the cattle cat 
 even the branchet when cut uito Imall piece*, which ore 
 very juicy. Thi* illand liei ne.-irly four league* from 
 Wutecoo, the inhabitant* of which call it C)takoot»ia. 
 It is in the latitude of 19 dr^. 15 min. fouth, and the 
 long, of ?oi deg. 37 mui. K. and i* fuppofed not to 
 exceed three miles in circuit. It i* entirely delhtutc 
 of *ateri and cocoa-palm* were the 01 'y common 
 tree* found here, of which there were feveral tluftrn. 
 We faw numbers of the whai ra, a* it it cailetl at Ota- 
 heite, or the pandanus of the Fall Indie*. W'c linind 
 iikewife the callophilliiin, furiana, with a few other 
 (hrubs : alfo a fort of bindweed, treacle .lutliiril, a fpe- 
 ciei of the fjiurye, and the nioiioda cinitolin, the fiuit 
 of which laft is fometimes enten by ihe natives of Ot.t- 
 hcite. Omiah, who Lindcd with the party, drcllid 
 fomeof it for their dinner, but they thouglit the iiic-Cs 
 a very indifTcrcnt one. A be.iutiful cuckoo, of a chef- 
 nut brown, variegated with black, was the only bird 
 fecn among the trees j but, upon the Ihore, were a 
 fmall fort of curlew, blue and white herons, (bmc egg 
 bird*, and great numbers of noddies. One of the 
 company caught a li/ard running up a tree: though 
 fmall. it had a moft forbidding afpciit. Many of ano- 
 ther fort were alfo feen. Intinitc numbers of a kind 
 of moth, elegantly fpeckled with black, white, and red, 
 frequented the bulhcs touurds the fea. Some other 
 forts of moths, pretty buttcrHics, and a few infers of 
 a different kind were obferved. .'\t this time no fixed 
 inhabitants were fecn upon this illand; but we difco- 
 vered a few empty huts, which convinced us of its 
 being, at leaft, inhabited occadonally. Monuments, 
 condlting of feveral large flones, were credled under 
 the Ihaoe of fomc trees: wc faw alio fome fmaller 
 ones, with which feveral places were inciofed, w here we 
 fuppofed their dead had been buried. In one place 
 we found a great many cockle-fliclls, of a particular 
 fort, finely grooved,and larger than the firftj from which 
 it was conjcdlured, that the illand had been vifited by 
 perfont who fometimes feed on fliell-fifti. Mr. Gore 
 left a few nails and a hatchet in one of the huts, for 
 the ufc of thofc who might hereafter touch at this 
 ifland. It may.pcrhaps, lurprize, and fecm incredible 
 to fomeof our readers, when they are told of fo many 
 iflands abounding with inhabitants, who fubfifl with 
 little or no water. Yet, true it is, that few or none of 
 the little low iflands between xht tropics have any wa- 
 ter on the furface of the ground, except perhaps in a 
 lagoon, the water (}f. which itgenc^lly brackifh; nor is 
 it eafy to find water by dicing. The feft is, the 
 fruits of the earth are their chief rood, and the milk of 
 • thccocoa-nutferves them for drink. They want no 
 -water to drefs any part of their food, for they knew 
 not the art of bojiing till the Europeans taught them, 
 'nor had they a vcflTel fit for th&purpofe; neither have 
 they atty occanon for wafhing their cloaths, the mate- 
 -riak'of which they are nftde, being of the paper kiit^. 
 
 will not bear wnlliiiin. Salt wafer thcwforc «nrv«f it 
 their piirpole uiili Miy little lieni,und adds a iilifli to 
 their firti 1 in whiih tht-y dip alnioll every mouthful 
 thry e.it. This ill a great mcitfurc accounts lor their 
 fulililling without water. 
 
 ifising hoiltcd inthelMiita, we nude fail again to 
 the northward, rrfolvmgto try our (oriuncat ilervry't 
 Illand, difinverrd durti'g i aptiin C.'cH'k'n former voy- 
 age, in 177), and nonud from Mr. I laivey, the M\ 
 mate of the L deavmir. Sunday, the 6th, at day 
 break, we c.-imc in lif.ht of it, at thedillanrc of about 
 three leagues. Aboui eight o'clock we obferved feve- 
 ral canoes cdiiiing from the fliore towanl* the fliipt. 
 We were rather furpri/ed at this circumflance, ai no 
 traces or fii;ni of inhabitants were feen when the il|aad 
 wan lirrt iliftdverijl; thiK, indeed, minht be owing to 
 a brilk wind that then blew, and prevented theij ca- 
 noes fiom venturing out. As we advanced nearer to 
 the ifland, fix or feven double canoes immediately came 
 near us with from fix to three men in each of them. 
 At thediflanrcof about a llone's-'hmw from the fliip 
 they flopped, and it was with ilitliculty Omiah pre- 
 vailed nn them to come alontj. lulci hut thev could not 
 be iiuluifil t') trufl themlelves on boartl. Indeed, 
 their diforderly behaviour did not indicate a difuo- 
 fition to trull, or to treat us well. They aitcnipud to 
 fleal fome onrs out of the Difcovcry'ii boat, and llruck 
 a man ."or endeavouring to prevent them. They alfo 
 cut away a net containing mear, wbiili hung over the 
 ftern of that fliip, and at liiil would not rellorc it, 
 though they afterwards permitted us to purchafe It 
 from them. Thofc who were alxiut our fliip, the Re- 
 folution, hcliaved eciiially difoiderly and daring i for 
 with a fort of hooks, made of a long flick, they 
 openly endeavoured to rob us of feveral things, and 
 aduailv ^.<i .1 frocK belonging to one of our people. 
 It {.p pea red that they had a knowledge of baricnng, 
 for they exchanged fome fifli for fmall nails, «if which 
 thry wcic extravagantly fond, and called them go(»re. 
 Pieces of paper, or any other trifling article that waa 
 thrown to them, they caught with the cr^'atell avidityj 
 and if what was thrown iell into the ua, they imme- 
 diately plunged in to fw im after it. 
 
 Though the diflance between Harvey'* Ifland and 
 Wateeoo is itot very great, the inhabitants difl'cr from 
 each other, both in perfon and difpofltion. The co- 
 lour of the natives of Harvey's Ifland ii of a deeper 
 cart, and fomc of them have a fierce favage afpedl, 
 like the natives of New Zealand. Their hair is long 
 and black, cither hanging lofe about their flioulders, 
 or tied in a bunch on the top of the head. Some fcw^ 
 indeed, had it cropped fliort, and in two or three of 
 them,- it was of a red or brownifli calt. Their cloath- 
 ing is a narrow piece of mat, bound feveral times 
 round the lower part of the body, and pafling between 
 the thighs. We faw a fine cap of red tirathcrs in one 
 of the canoes, and fome of the natives were orna- 
 mented with the flicll of a pearl-ovfler, poliflied, and 
 hung about the neck. The mode of ornament, fo 
 prevalent among the natives of this ocean, of punc- 
 turing, or tatooing their bodies, not one of them had 
 adopted ; but, though Angular in this refpetft, their be- 
 ing of the fame common race is not to be doubted. 
 Their language more refemble* the dialcift of Ota- 
 heite, than that of Mangcca or Wateeoo. Like the 
 natives of thofc iflands, they enqui'ed from whence 
 we came, whither bound, the (hip's name, that of our 
 Captain, and the number of men on board. Such 
 qucltions as we propofed to them, in our turn, they 
 very readily anfwered. They informed us, among 
 other particulars, that they had before feen two large 
 (hip, hut had Hot fpoken to them at they palTcd. 
 Thefe were, doubtlefs, the Refolution and Adventure. 
 They acquainted us, that the name of their ifland wai 
 TerouggcmoU Atooa ; and that they were fubieA to 
 Teercvatooeah, king of Wateeoo. Their food, they 
 faid, confi(\ed of cocoa-nuts, flih, and turtle { being 
 deftitute of dogs and hogs, and (ho ifland not pro. 
 ducing bread-miit or plantains. Their oaitpcs (near 
 thirty of which appearea one lime in fight) u« tolerably 
 ; -vstn '^--z-' -•.iV.ii'j r.:.?; ^,- r,To.,. j .■large, 
 
 m 
 
COOK'« THIRD •n«i LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCKAN, fiec. 445 
 
 tnrv\rrt 
 rililli Irt 
 nouthlul 
 lor their 
 
 igain to 
 I In vry'i 
 
 nor voy- 
 ihc hfft 
 , at d«y 
 of about 
 cJ fcvC' 
 he Diipi, 
 r, a« no 
 he il\aad 
 ouin^; to 
 thri* ca- 
 ncarcr to 
 
 of them. 
 
 the n)ip 
 ii«h |»rc- 
 toiild not ,^ 
 
 I niti-ril, 
 : a diftjo- 
 •nipiid to 
 m<! Ilruck 
 llicy alfo 
 
 over the 
 red ore it, 
 urchafe it 
 1, the Rc- 
 iringi for 
 lick, ihejr 
 tings, and 
 ir people- 
 bartering, 
 , of which 
 eiu n<)<iie. 
 ; that uai 
 dl avidity t 
 icy iinmc. 
 
 (land and 
 JiH'er from 
 
 The CO. 
 F a deeper 
 igc afpcdt, 
 air ii long 
 
 Ihoulders, 
 Some fcw^ 
 )r three of 
 icir cloath- 
 reral times 
 ng between 
 icrs in one 
 were oma- 
 liflied. and 
 namcnt, fo 
 1, ofpunc 
 f them had 
 Jt, their be- 
 ic doubted. 
 za of Ota- 
 Like the 
 jm whence 
 that of our 
 lard. Such 
 r turn, they 
 
 u», among 
 n two large 
 they paiTcd. 
 I Adventure, 
 irifland was 
 fubiedt to 
 
 food, they 
 urtlct being 
 nd not pro- 
 oanoct (near 
 ai^tokrably 
 
 "» -large, 
 
 l,tr«r. and well built, and boar foint refcmblance to 
 Ihoie ol Wateeoo. About one orlotk, we drew near 
 the N. W. part of the illandi thit Iwing the only place 
 where we could e«peC» to llml a goo»i anchorage. \»\>- 
 tairt Cook immeJiarely difpatched lieutenant King, 
 with two ariticd boaii, to found, and reconnoitre the 
 coaft. The boat! were no fo«»ner hoilled out, than our 
 new vifltora fufpendcd their traffic, pulhing for (Imre 
 M (aft ai jx)llible, and cume no more near in. The 
 bMti returned at three o'.;loclc, and Mr. King in- 
 tnrnwtlthe Captain, that he could find no anchorage 
 |»)r the Ihipii ami that the bo.it* i ould advance n» f.ir- 
 therihan the outer edge of the reef, which wan almolt 
 a quarter of a mile from the (hore. That a number of 
 the nativet came upon the reef armnl with clubs and 
 longpikea, meaning, a:i he fup|)ofed, to opp'fc hit 
 landtngi though, at the fame time, they threw lotoa- 
 rut* to our iieopic, and requelUd them to land: yet, 
 wifsviihftanding this feemingly friendly treatment the 
 women were very atilive in bringing itewn a Iri-fli fup- 
 ply of dart* and ffwari. Ihi* report having 
 
 uiten into rontidcraiion, it wai concfuded, that, at we 
 could not bring the Ihipt to an anchor, an attempt to 
 procure gr.il'4 liere would be attended with delay and 
 danger. Being thut dilapiwintcd in all the iflanda 
 after our leaving New Zealand, and having from va- 
 riety of circumrtancct, U-en unavoidably retarded in 
 our progreft, it wat in vain to think of doing any thing 
 thit year in the high latitude* of the northern hemi- 
 fphere, from which we were fo fur diftant. thtnigh it 
 W.M now the feafon for oiii opcrationt there. 1'hua 
 fituated. It was ntccflary to purfue futh mcafuret at 
 appeared bcft calculated to prelcrve our cattle, and lave 
 the ftoret ond provifiont of the (hip«i the better to 
 enible uitopiolecutc our northern diftovoriet, which 
 could not commence till a year later than was intended. 
 If we could fortunately have procured a fupply of 
 water and graft, at any of the iflandt we had lately vi- 
 fitcd, we intended to have Hood back to the S. till we 
 had got a wefterly wind. But without fuch a fupply, 
 the certain confcquence of doing thit, would have been 
 the loft of the cattle, before it was pITible for ui to 
 reach Otaheite, without gaining a lingle point of ad- 
 vantage refpeiting the grand objeA of our voyage. 
 The Captain, therefore, determined to bear away for 
 the Friendly Iflei, where he knew he could be well fup- 
 plied with every thing he wanted 1 and it being necef- 
 £iry to run night and day, he ordered Captain Clerke 
 to Keep with inc Difcovery right a-hcad of us, becaufc 
 that (hip could bcft claw off the land, which we might 
 pollibly fall in with in our palfagc. 
 
 Bearing away, therefore, we fteered W. by S. with a 
 fine breeze. It was propofed to proceed firu to Mld- 
 dliburgh, or Eooa, thinking we might have pfovifion 
 enough for the cattle, to lalt till we ihould arrive at that 
 iflanu. But the next day, about noon, thofc faint 
 breezes that had fo long n-urdcd us, again returned 1 
 and we found it ncceflary to get into the latitude of 
 Palmerfton's and Savage inands, which captain Cook 
 difcovercd in 1 774 ; that, in cafe of necelTity, rccourfe 
 might be had to them. The weather continued vari- 
 able, and though plenty ef rain fell every day, yet it 
 wu found advifcable to obtain water by diftillation, to 
 be ufcd for every purpofe for which it was fit. The ftill 
 wu kept at work a whole day; during which time we 
 procured about 15 gallons of frclh water. It was apt 
 to difcolour the meat in which it was boiled, and to 
 tindlure every thing with a^difagreeableblacknefst but 
 our crews preferred it to rain-water, on account of the 
 tarry tafte communicated by the latter. Light breezes 
 condnucd tin Thurfday, the loth, at which time the 
 wind blew fome hours freih from the N. and N. W. 
 In the afternoon we had fome heavy rain, attended with 
 thunder fquallt. Wecolle^edas much rain-wateras filled 
 five of our puncheons. When theic fqualls had blown 
 over, the wind was very unfcttled, till the next day at 
 noon, when it was fixed at N. N. W. and blew a frefh 
 breeze. Sunday, the 11th, at day-break, we came in 
 fi^tof Plilmerllon'a Illan'!, betring W. by S. at the 
 dulanceof abqut ( leaguv*^ bucdidiipcgetupwith it 
 No. 54. 
 
 till the 14th, at eight o'clmk A. M. We now difjiatched 
 three bnatr, and one from the Oifcovery, with a ;>ro- 
 fier officer in each, to feanh lor a convenient 1 nding 
 place I we being, at thi« time, un«ler ait ahlolu'onecef- 
 (Itv of procuring here fome pr«>\e.idor for 01 r cattle, 
 or wc niiiH certainly have loll them. What i* 'illed 
 here l»aluierfton's iftand, conlilli of a group of fimill 
 illott.ahout nine or ten in number, connected together 
 by a reef .if coral rockt, a>id lying in a circular direr, 
 tinn . The boatt firft examined the moll ^ith-eal>crl*r 
 illot, and not fucceeding there, ran down to the ftcond, 
 where they immediately landed. Wc now bore down 
 with the Ihipt, till we were abreaH of the place, where 
 we kept nnndingolf uiuion, there being no bottom to 
 be found to aneivor up«in. Thit, however, wa* of no 
 material confequencc, as there, were no human bciiiga 
 u(Hiii th* illamf, except the party who had landed from 
 our boars. One of thtfc returned at one o'clock, laden 
 with fcurvy^grafi, and young cocoa-troet, which wat^ 
 At this time, a mort excellent repart for our nnimalt on 
 board. A melFage wat brought from Mr. Ciore, who 
 commanded the party on thit cxiKdition, infotming 
 ut. that the ifland abounded with the produce of which 
 he had fent ui a fainple, and alfo with the wharra.trce 
 and cocoa-nutt) in confekjuencc of which the Captain 
 refolved to procure a lufticient fupply of thcfe ufeful 
 articles, before wc quitted our ftation, and accor lincly 
 he went afliore in a fmall boat, accoiilpanied by the 
 Captain of the Difcovery 1 where they found, to thei* 
 fatisladion, every one hard at v;ork. 
 
 The landing place of thit illot is a fmall creek, 
 formed by the reef, of rather more than a boat's length 
 in every direiHion, and covered from the force oftht 
 fea, by rocks projeiTHng on each fide. The illot itfelf 
 is fcarcely a mile in circuit ; and not above three feet 
 higher than the level of the fea. It appears to conlift 
 ol a coral fand, with a fmall mixture of blackidi 
 mould, produced from rotten vegetablet: yet, this poor 
 foil is covered with trees and bulhes of the fame kind 
 as thofe we had fecn at Otakootaia or Wenooa-eite, 
 though not in fo great a variety. We perceived a 
 great number of mo^-of-war-birdt, tropic*birds, and 
 two forts of boobies, which were now laying their 
 ' fifl, and fo excee iingl^ tame as to permit us to take 
 tnem off their nclh, which confill only of a few fticka 
 loofely put together. Thcfe tropic birds differ cfTcn- 
 tially from the common fort, ocing of a beautiful 
 white, (lightly tinged with red, and naving two long 
 tail-feathers of a deepifh crimfon. Our people killed 
 a confiderable number of each fort, which though not 
 the moft delicate kind of food, were highly acceptable 
 to us, who had been a long time confined to a fait dicL 
 We faw plenty of red craM creeping about among the 
 trees; and caught feveral fi(h, which, when the (<» re- 
 tired, had been left in holes upon the reef. At one 
 part of this, which bounds the lake within, almod 
 even with the furface, there is a large . bed of coral, 
 which affords a ino(t enchanting profpedt. Its bafe, 
 which is fixed to the (hore, extends fo far that it can- 
 not be fcen, fo that it appears to be fufpended in the 
 water. The fea was then unruffled, ana the refulgence 
 of the fun expofed the various forts of coral, in the 
 moft beautiful order; fome parts luxuriantly branching 
 into the water; others appearing in vaff variety of 
 figures; and the whole heightenra by fpangles of the 
 richeft colours, glowing front a number of larse dams, 
 interfperfed in every part. Even this delightful fceaie 
 was greatly improved by the multitude of filhes, that 
 gently glided along, feemingly with the molt perfcA 
 (ecunty. Their colours were the mod beautiful that 
 can be imagined, blue, yellow, black, red, &c. far ex« 
 celling any thing that can be produced by art. The 
 richnefs of this (ubmarine srotto was incrcafed greatly 
 by their various formi t and the whde could notpodi- 
 bly be furveyed without a pleafing tranfport, accom- 
 panied, at the fiimetime, with regret, that a work fo 
 aftonifbingly elegant (houM be concealed in a place fo 
 feldom explored by theh -iDun eye. No traces of any 
 inhabitants having been here, we^ dil^veiud. We 
 faw, indeed, a piece of a canoe, upon tifl beach, but 
 5 U "^ ^ thjt 
 
 IP 
 k 
 
 '\ I 
 
 . I 
 
446 
 
 Capt. COO 
 
 K'8 V O Y 
 
 A G E S 
 
 COMPLETE. 
 
 ,1 
 i' ( 
 
 'I 
 
 ! I 
 
 this might have been drifted from fume other iftand. 
 We were rurprif(^. In iw ever, at perceiving fomefmall 
 brown rats on this little fpot, not cality accounted for, 
 unlcfs wc admk the poMibility of their being imported 
 in the canoe of which we faw the remains. The 
 boats, when laden, returned on board, with the two 
 captains, leaving Mr. (}orc and, his party to pafs the 
 night on (hore, to be ready forbuHnc^ the next morning. 
 Tuefday, the 1 5th, liice the preceding day, was fpent 
 in colledling fubfidence for the cattle, conlilHng prin- 
 cipally of tender branches of the wharra-trce, palm> 
 caobage, and young cocoa nut trees. A fuincient 
 fupply of thefc having been prowred by fun-fet, the 
 Captain ordered all the people on board: but, hrving 
 very little wind, he determined to employ the next day, 
 by endeavouring from the iflot to the leeward, to get 
 fdme cocoa-nuts for our people: to this end wtrliept 
 Handing off and on all night; and about nine o'clock 
 in the morning, wc went to the weft fide of the iflot, 
 and landed from our boats, with little dilTiculty. The 
 people immediately were employed in gathering cocoa- 
 nuts, which we found in the greatcft plenty; but it was 
 a tedious operation to convey them to our boats, being 
 obliged to carry them half a mile over the reef, up to 
 the middle in water. Omiah, who accompanied us, 
 prefently caught with a fcoop-net, as many |i(h as fup. 
 plied the party O0 fliore with a dinner, belidcs (cndiiw 
 a quantity to each fliip. Men-of-war and tropic birds 
 were found in abundance, fo that we fared moft fump- 
 tuoudy. Inthefe trips to the.uninhabited iflands, Omiah 
 was of the greatcft fervice to us. He caught the fiih, 
 and dreflTcd them, as well as the birds we killed, after 
 the fatliion of his country, with a dexterity and chear- 
 fulncfs that did him honour. Before night, the boats 
 made two trips, and were each time heavy laden : with 
 the laft, the Captain returned on board, leaving our 
 third lieutenant, Mr. Williamfop, to ;irepare ano.her 
 lading for the boats againft the next morning. Ac- 
 cordingly about feven o'clock they were difpatched, 
 and returned at noon. No delay was made in fending 
 them back for another cargo, with orders for all hands 
 to be on board by fun-fet. Thcle orders being punc- 
 tually obeyed, we hoifted i^i our boats, and failed to the 
 weftward, with a light breeze froip the north. This 
 laft iflot, which we now left, is foniewhat larger than 
 thf other, and almoft covered with cocoa-palms. The 
 other produdliona were the fame as at the firft iflot. 
 On the beach we found two pieces of board, one of 
 which was rudely carved, and an eliptical paddle. 
 Thefc were, perhaps, a part pf the fame canoe, the re- 
 mains of which we had feen on the other beach, the 
 two iflots being within half a mile of each other. 
 There were not io many crabs here as at the laft place, 
 but we found fome fcorpions and infeds, and a much 
 greater number of fifti upon the j-ecfs. Among the 
 reft were fome beautiful large fpotted eels, which would 
 raife themfelves out of the water, and endeavour to 
 bite their purfuers. There arc alfo fnappers, parrot- 
 fifti, and a brown fpotted rock-fifli, not larger than a 
 fmall haddock, fo tame, that it would rcmam fixed, ^nd 
 gaze at us. If we had been really in want, a fufficicnt 
 fupply might eafily have been had, forthoufands of the 
 clams ftuck upon the reef, many of which weighed two 
 or three pounds. There were alfo fome other forts of 
 fhcll-Rfli; and when the tide flowed feveral fliarks 
 came with it, fome of whiph were killed by our peo- 
 
 !>le; but their prefence rendered it, at that time, un- 
 afc to walk in the water. Mr. Williamfbn and his 
 party, who were left on ftiore, were much peftered in 
 the night with mufquitoes. Some of them fliot two 
 curlews, and fame plovers on the fliore: one or two 
 cuckoos, like thofe at Wenooa-ette, were alfo feen. 
 .Thefc iflots, comprehended under the Jiamc of Pkl- 
 mcrfton'f Ifland, may be faid to be the fummits of a 
 reef of coral rock, covered only with a thin coat of 
 (and; though clothed with trees and plants, like the 
 low grounds of the High iflands in this Ipacious ocean. 
 They are fituated in 1 8 de^, 11 min. S. lat. and 196 
 dee. E. long, from Greenwich. 
 We now fleered W. in brdcf to make Annamooka,, 
 
 or, as It is called by the Dutch, Rotterdam, who firft dif- 
 covcrcd it. We had variable winds with fqualls, fome 
 thunder, and much rain. The ftowcm being very co- 
 pious, we faved a confiderable Quantity of water; and 
 as we could procure a greater fupply, in one hour, by 
 the ram, than by diftillation in a month, ,wc laid *Iic 
 ftill afide, as beinj^ attended with more trouble than ad- 
 vantage. The heat^ which had .continued in tJie ex- 
 treme for about a month, became much more difagrec* 
 able in this clofe rainy weather, an 1 we apprehended it 
 would foon become noxious. It is remarkable, that 
 there was not then a fingle perfon fick on board cither 
 of the fliips. On Tuefday the sand, wc had clear 
 weather, butagreat fwellfronuhcS. a fure ptefage of 
 an approaching ftorm; which foon came on, and in- 
 crealed to fuch an alarming height before night, at>- 
 tended with thunder, lightning, and rain, with a tre- 
 mendous fea, that brought the Difcovery under bar« 
 poles till morning appeared. She then made fail un>. 
 der clofc reefed top-fails; and, about eleven at nigh*, 
 narrowly efcapcd running on fhore on Savage Ifland. 
 The man at the maft-head calling out land, they foco, 
 dark as it was, got fight of it clofc on their lec-boWk 
 ftcermg dircdUy for it. They inftantly put about, 
 and fired a gun as- fignal for the Refolution (then to 
 windward about half a mile) to do the fame. So nar- 
 row an efcapc made a ftrong impreflion on the fhip'i 
 company, who, thoughtlefs as fcamen arc, could not 
 help looking up to heaven with thankful hearts for fo 
 fignal a deliverance I As foon as it was light the next 
 morning, we faw this execrated ifland at the diftanceof 
 about four leagues. Savage Ifland was difcovered by 
 Captain Cook in 1774, In the night between the 34th 
 and 25th we pafled it; and on Monday, the 28th, about 
 ten o'clock A. M. we faw the iflands to the caftwatd of 
 Annamooka, bearing N. by W. about five leagues dif- 
 tant. Wc fteered to theS. and then hauled up foi: 
 Annamooka. At the approach of night, the weather 
 being fqually, with win, we anchored in fifteen fathoms 
 water. Immediately two canoes paddled towards us, 
 and came along fide without hdiution. Four men 
 vf re in, one of the canoes, and three in the other. They 
 brought with them fome fligar-canes, bread-fruit, plan- 
 uins, and cocoa-nuts, which they bartered with us for 
 nails. Afjertliefc canoes had left us. we were viiited 
 by another, bat njght approaching, fliedid not continue 
 lopg with us. The neareft ifland to us was Komango, 
 five miles diftant to, which, at four o'ckx:k, the next 
 morning, lieutenant King was difpatched with two 
 boats, in order to procure refrcfliments. At five, fignai 
 was made to weigh, to proceed to Annamooka. .Whcii 
 day-light appeared, we were vifited by fix or feven ca- 
 noosj bringing with them two pigs, fome fowls, feveral 
 large ,)frood-pigeons. fmall rails, and fome violet cc 
 k)urcd coots, belides fruits, and roots »f various kinds, 
 which they exchanged w ith us for nails, hatchets, 
 beads, &c. They had other articles of commerce, but 
 captain Cook gave particular orders that no curiofitics 
 fhould be purchafed, till die fliips were fupplied wit"h 
 provifions, and they fhould have permiflion from him. 
 About jioon Mr. Kir\g's boat returned with feven hogs, 
 fome fowls, a quantity of fruit and roots: al*^. fonne 
 grafs foe our animals. His party was trei'r<.;a with 
 great civility at Komango. The inhabitants did not 
 appear to be numerous; and their huts, which almoi^ 
 touched each other, were but indifferent. Toofaxxi^ 
 lahgcc, the chief of the. ifland. and another, namei 
 Taipa,came on board with.Mr. King. They brouchc 
 a hog, as a prdent to our Captain, ai)d promifed to 
 bring.K greater numbar the next day. The boats be- 
 ing aboard, we flood fdr Annamooka-ette, (or little An- 
 namookt) and the breakers at the SJpL but on draw- 
 ing near, we met with very irrwular mindingt, which 
 obliged ut to rdinquifli the dei^, anfl so to the fouth- 
 wara. This carried us to Icei^-ard, and we founds k 
 ' neceflary to fpend the night under fail. It was dark 
 and rainy, and we had the wind from cverf dire^ion. 
 The next rooming, Wednefiiajr^ the 30th, at day-light^ 
 we were iartheroft' than #e luid been the ]^ecediH«'' 
 eyeoiq(^ ;>nd tha wind Was nogr right iA dnr'teMli;' 
 
«ho firft dif- 
 fqualis, fome 
 ring very co- 
 ' water; and 
 »ne hour, by 
 
 >wc laid:f])c 
 ible than act- 
 in tJieex> 
 ore difacrce^ 
 prchenckd it 
 irlcablc, tbat 
 
 board cither 
 ve had clear 
 re prrfage of 
 on, and in* 
 re night, at>- 
 
 with a trc- 
 
 under bare 
 kade fail un>- 
 en at nighr, 
 vage Ifland. 
 d, they (ban, 
 leir lcc-bovK| 
 
 put about, 
 ion (then to 
 le. So nar- 
 >n the fhip'a 
 c, could not 
 hearts for fo 
 ght the next 
 tc diftance of 
 ifcovered by 
 > ecn the 34tli 
 :2 8ch. about 
 ; eaftward of 
 : leagues diC 
 aulKliip for 
 the weather 
 been fathoms 
 
 towards us. 
 
 Four mea 
 i other. They 
 d-fruit, plan* 
 1 'A'ith us for 
 were vifited 
 riot continue 
 as KomangOj, 
 :k, the next 
 cd with two 
 \t five, fignal 
 xtka. .When 
 or fevenca- 
 owls, fcveral 
 Tie violet CO' 
 arious kinds, 
 Is, hatchets, 
 mmcrce, but 
 \o curiolities 
 ipplied witlt 
 in from him. 
 h fcven hogs, 
 s: al*^. fomc 
 trcirui with 
 tants did not 
 vhich almoin 
 t. Toobou^ 
 Cher, named 
 "hey brouohc 
 promifedto 
 he boats be- 
 ^or little An- 
 ut on draw- 
 lings, which) 
 tothefouth- 
 we founds k 
 It was dark 
 try direction. 
 It day-liffht; 
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 COOi^'i T^IRP v4 LA8J VOYAOE^To the PAC^IC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 447^ 
 
 We continued to ply dte whole d^r, to very little pur- 
 pofej and, in the evening, unchoied in 39 fathoms 
 water; tlje weftrpoiht of Anaamooka bejtfing EvN. E. 
 four milc« diftant. Toobotilanoee and Taipa, agieeahle 
 to their promife. hrotightofF fome bOR>i and we ob- 
 taincd outers, by barterii^ /rom the different canoes 
 that feUowed us, and a Urge quantiiy of fruit. It is 
 lemarkaUe, that thoTe who vifited the (hips that day, 
 would hardly pan with any of their commodities to 
 an/ one but Capuin Cook. 
 
 (>i Thurfdsy May the ift, a boat was hoifted out, 
 and the mafter was ordered to (bund the S. W. Itde of 
 Annamooka. When he returned, he reported, that he 
 Md founded between Great and Little Annamooka,. 
 where he found 13 fathoms depth of water: that the 
 
 {>lace was vf ry well (heltered from winds i but that 
 re(h water was to be had oiJy at a confidcrable dif- 
 tance inland; and that even there it was neither plcnti. 
 ful nor good. For this good reafon, it was refolved 
 to anchor on the north.(tde of the ifland, where, in the 
 captain's former vOyase, he had found a a convenient 
 place for watering and landing. Though not above a 
 league diftant, wt did not reach it till about five o'clock 
 inAe afternoon, being reurded by the quantiiy of ca- 
 noes that crowded round the (hips, laden with abundant 
 (upplies of the produce of their ifland. Several of 
 thefe canoes, which were double, had a large (ail, and 
 carried bttween 40 and (o men each. Several women 
 were alfo in them, incited, perhaps, by curiofity to yifit 
 US; though they M%re as eager as the men in Inrtering, 
 and ufed the saddle with equal (kill and dexterity. 
 We worked into the road, and call anchor in 18 
 fathoms, the ifland extending from E. to S. W. three 
 quarters of a mile diftant. Thus Captain Cook re- 
 lumed the (btion which he had occupied when he 
 vifited AnnaipoOka three yean before; and probably 
 where Tafman, who firft di(covered this ifland, an. 
 chored in 1643. 
 
 We had now been juft 60 days in a pafTage, which 
 in a diro^ courfe could not have exceeded ten, and had 
 been expofed to fevere trials, owing to fonir faulity in 
 purfuing a track which there was not a fe iman aboard 
 who did not difapprove. It feemed to have no objed 
 of difcovery in view, as we fell nearly into the (ame 
 which Captain Cook had formerly navigated ; nor did 
 we meet with afingic ifland, which one or other of our 
 late voyagers h|d not feen or vifited in their different 
 hiuts. How it happened is not cafy to be accounted 
 for, as it was next, to a miracle, that any creature on 
 boArd die Refolution remained alive to reach our pre- 
 &nt harbour. Had not the copious rains that fell 
 dlmoft im;cflant]y, (i-om the tim^ that we pafled the 
 tropic tUl our arrival here, fupplied us with a daily 
 confumpl^n of water, not only the animals, but the 
 men muft have pcrifhcd. Happy were we now, how- 
 ever, in finding ourfelves on a friendly coaft. We 
 forgot the dangers we had efcaped, and thought only 
 of enjoying with inexpreffible pleafure the fweeu of 
 thefe happy iflands, whole (pontaneous piodudions 
 perfume the air to a confidcrable diftance with a fra- 
 grance inconceivably reviving; and whofe plantations 
 exhibit a richnefs of profp<^ as we approach them, 
 owing to the beautiful intermixture of the various 
 blofibmi, with the vivid green leaves of the trees, of 
 whkh the moft animateddefcription can afford but a 
 fiiint i^. Add to theile, the tufted clump* whkh 
 adorn thelittlfc riluw hills, that appear every where in- 
 terfperfed delightftiily among the veidant Uwns, and 
 rich, low, furrtxindii^ vallies. Nothing in nature can 
 be more tdeafing to the eye, or more gnucfbl to the 
 fenfe. We were no fooncr moored in the harbour, 
 than «t werefi n ro Mi l d e d widiinmtmeiable little boats, 
 or canoes, nw^CurioiiAy conftruifled and ornamented ; 
 the fid«awiditpa|i(h that furpafled the blackeft ebony, 
 and the decfca: inlaid with mother of peari and tortoi(e- 
 (hdl, cwid to the beft CaMnets of European manufac- 
 ture. In this kind of workmanfbip, thofc iflanders 
 feem to- excel. Thtte wagoiu of war, their clubs, 
 the paddles of their boats^ and even their fifh-hooks 
 «i|f poii^ «nd iidaid with vsriegatcd OuHh t>y ta 
 '■ • ■ . 1- ' 
 
 infinite' acoumulation of which their fliores »c tnar> 
 gined. and'4mong them our naturalifts (bund iome, o{ 
 tuperlative beauty. Thefe boats generally heldthfci; 
 perfoiu,^d, under their decksj which take up ttyj) 
 thirds of their length, they brought the fruits of thcie 
 plantations', and the manufadures of their cpuntiy* 
 which confifted of a great variety of ufcful thiim, and 
 others omaniiennil. Of the firft fort, befld(;s cloth 0$ 
 different fabrics^ were combs, fifli-hooks. lines, pet$t 
 needles made of bone, thre^, purfes, caliboflip n^ade 
 of reeds, fo clofely wrought as to be water<tightf wicit 
 a variety of other utcnWs. Among the latur, were 
 braceleu. breaft-platcs, ornamented with feathers of A. 
 vivid glow.; mafks, manulcts compofod of feathers, (a 
 artfully and beautifully arranged, as even our Eoglifli 
 ladies would itot difdain to wear. 
 
 Friday the 3nd,.during the preparations for w^tjenngt 
 Captain C(»k went on (nore, in the forcfioon, accom-.: 
 panied by Capuin CIcrkc, and others, to fix on a place 
 for fetting up the obfcrvatories, the natives having 
 readily granted us permiflion. Nor was the civility of 
 the chiefs confined to their readinefs in fupplying tho 
 fhips with provifions; for they complimented the Cap- 
 tain with the ufe of a l^rge boat-noufc, convenientty 
 fituatcd near the beach, and which anfwcred the purt 
 pofe of a tent: and at the fame time prefented the of- 
 ficers with breaft-plates, beautifully decorated with 
 feathers, being the richeft offerings they had to make. 
 In return, our commander was not wanting ingenerofity^ 
 loading them with hatchets, knives, linen-cloth, gl;^s 
 and beads, with which they thought themfelves amply 
 repaid, Toobou; the chief of the ifland, conduaed 
 Captain Cook and Onnjah to his houfc, fituatcd on « 
 pleafant fpot in the centre of his plantation. It wa» 
 furroundcdwithagrafs-plot, which hefaid was for the 
 purpofeofcleaning their feet before they entered hisha^ 
 bitation. Such an attention to cleanlinefs w.q had never, 
 obfcrved before, wherever we had vifited in this oceans 
 though we afterwards found it to be very common at the 
 Friendly Iflands. No carpet in an Englifli drawing-room 
 could be kept neater, than the mats that covered tho 
 floor of Toobou'a houfc. Tents were now carried on 
 (hore, the aftronomers obfervatory credledi woodera 
 and waterers appointed; and all the artificers onboard 
 employed in the reparations of the (hips; not a few 
 being wanting after a voyage of two months, through a 
 tempeftuous lea, during which the elements of fire, air, 
 and water, might be (aid to be in perpetual conflift. 
 while thefe things were about, we bartered for .fome 
 hogs and fruit; the fhips were croudcd with the 
 natives ; and as very few of them came empty-handed, 
 we were fpecdily fupplied with every refrefliment. 
 During thefe iranfadtions the two caiptains, and the 
 chiefs of Annamooka, were contriving to vary the plea- 
 fures of their rcfpeifiiveguefls, and to entertain them 
 with new diverlions. They were mutually engaged 
 on board and on fljore to furprife each other with 
 novelty. On board, the chiefs were entertained' with 
 mufic, dancing, and feaftingi after the European man-» 
 ner; and with what, feemed- more plcafing to them, 
 as they paid n>ore attention thereto, with the various 
 operations of the artificers who were at work on their 
 refpeSiveemploymenu. The facility with which tho 
 boat-buildeiB peiformed their work actradled particu. 
 larly their notice: when they beheld the labour of » 
 year with them performed in a week, by a lefs number 
 of hands, .their aftoni(hment was beyond conceotiont 
 nor were they lefs amazed to fee large timber cut 
 throurii the middle, and fawed into plank, whUis they 
 were ^p^tors, which they had no means of cHeding 
 in their ifland in many days. The chiefs on fliore, in 
 return, endeavoured to entertain our gentfemen: they 
 feaftcd them, like tropical kings, with barbicued hogs, 
 fowls, and with the moft delicious fruits, Afixr dinner, 
 they introduced their mufic, and duncers, who were 
 (hiefly of the theatrical kind, and excelled in t^ility, 
 and varied attitude*, many of the capital performers 
 in Europe. A fiirt of pantomime fucceede^ in which 
 fome prize-fighters di^layed their feat* of amis i *nA 
 I this part of the dnum concluded with* Nnoroorreto 
 
 prdlematioii 
 
448 
 
 C»p«. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 t 
 
 Hi 
 
 f' 
 f 
 
 II '^ 
 
 prcfcntation of fome laughable fttiry, which produced 
 among the chiefs, and their attendants, the moft iin- 
 modcrue mirth. The fongders came htt, the me- 
 lody of whofc voices was heightened b^ a kind of ac- 
 companymcnt, not unufual in the earlieft ages, among 
 tlie politcft nations, as may be learnt from antient 
 paintings, where the fingers and dancers arc reprcfcnt- 
 cd with flat clams or (lielis in their hands, fnapping 
 them together, to harmonize their tunes, and regulate 
 their movements. Though this farcical exhibition was 
 infipid to us, it was not wholly without its ufe, in mai Ic- 
 ing a fimilarity of manners among mankind, at the dif- 
 tanre of half the globe, and at a period when the arts 
 of civil life were in their infimcy. Who knows, but 
 that the feeds of the liberal arts, that have now b^en 
 (own by European navigators in thefe happy climes, 
 may, athoufand years hence, be ripened into maturity ; 
 and that the people, who are jufl emerging from 
 ignorance into (cicnce, may, when the memory of thcfe 
 voyages are forgotten, be found in the zenith of their 
 improvements By other adventurers, who may pride 
 themfelves as the firft difcovercrs of new countries, and 
 an unknown people, infinitely fupcrior to thofc, who 
 at that time, may inhabit thefe regions, and who may 
 have Ion their boated arts, as we, at this day fee, 
 among the wretched inhabitants of Greece, and the dill 
 more miferahlc Haves ofEgyptian bondage. Such arc 
 the viciflitudcs to which the inhabitants of this little 
 orb are fubjcd ; and fuch, perhaps, are the virilTitudcs 
 which the globe itfcif mull undergo before its final 
 diflblution. I'o a contemplative mind, thefe iflandii 
 prefent a mortifying fpcclacle of the ruins of a broken 
 and defolatcd portion of the earth ; for it is impoirible 
 to furvey fo many fragments of rocks, fome with in- 
 habitants and fome without, and not conclude with the 
 learned Dr. Burnet, that they are the cffccls of fome 
 early convuliion of the earth, of which no memory re- 
 mains. 
 
 Captain Cook having fettled every thing to his fatis 
 fcdlion, returned on board in the evening, leaving Mr. 
 King in command upon the illand. I'aipa was now 
 become our trully friend, and, in order to be near our 
 party, had a huufe carried on mens (houlders, a quar. 
 ter of a mile, and placed by the tide of the llied which 
 our party occupied. 
 
 On Saturday the 3d, our various operations on fliore 
 began. Some were bufied in making hay, others in 
 filling our water-ca(ks, and a third party in cutting 
 wood. On this day MeiT. King and Baily began to 
 obferve equal latitudes of the lun, in order to get the 
 rate of our time-keepers. In the evening, Taipa ha- 
 rangued the natives for (bme time, but wc could only 
 guefs at the fubjet^l, and fuppofed he was inflruding 
 them how to treat us, and adviling them to bring the 
 produce of the illand to market. His eloquence had 
 (he dcfired cffciJt, and occalioned us to receive a plcnti- 
 ful fupply of provifions the day following. On the 4th, 
 the Diicovcry loft her fmall bower anchor, the cable 
 being cut in two by the rocks. On the 6th, wc were 
 vifited by a chief from Tongauboo, whofe name was 
 Fccnou : he was introduced by Taina in the charader 
 and ftile of king of all the Friendly Iflcs. Captain 
 ■ Cook was now informed, that, on our arrival, a canoe 
 had been immediately difpatchcd to Tongauboo with 
 the news, which occaiioned his coming to Annamooka. 
 We were alfo informed by the oflicer on ihorc, that, on 
 his arrival, all the natives were ordered out to meet him, 
 who faluted him by bowing their heads as low as his 
 feer, the folei of which they touched with the palm of 
 each hand, and afterwards with the back part. A pcr- 
 fonage received with fuch extraordinary marksof refpcd, 
 could not be fuppofed iefs than a king. In the af- 
 ternoon, our captain went to pay a vifit to this great 
 man, having fim received from him a prefent of two 
 filh, brought on board by one of hia attendants. Aa 
 foon as the captain landed, Fecnoii came up to him. 
 He was tall and thin, and appeared to be about thirty 
 years of age. His features were more of the European 
 cad than any we had feen here. A'ter the firft falutation, 
 Capuin Cook icquelled to know if he was kingi as he 
 
 4 
 
 entertained tbmt doubts on that fcore, perceivii^ he 
 was not the man whom he remembered to have feen in 
 that charadier during hit former voyage. Taipa an- 
 fwered eagerly for him, and mentioned no Iefs than 
 1 53 iflanch, of which, he faid, he was the fovereign. 
 Soon after, our grand vifitor, attended by five or fix 
 fervants, accompanied us on board. Capuin Cook 
 made them fuiuble prefentt, and enteruined them in 
 a manner which he thought would be mod agreeable 
 to them. Towards the evening the capuin attended 
 them on (hore in his boat, into which, by order of the 
 chief, three hces were conveyed, at a return for the 
 prefents he had received. We were then informed of 
 an accident, the relation of which will convey fome 
 idea of the extent of the authority exercifed here over 
 the inferior fort of people. While Feenou was on board 
 the Refolution, an mfirrior chief ordered all the 
 natives to retire from the poft they occupied. Some 
 of them, however, having ventured to return, he beat 
 them moft unmercifully with a large ftick. One, in 
 particular, received fo violent a blow on the (ide of the 
 face, that the blood gulhed from his mouth and nof- 
 trilsiand, after lying motionlefs for fome time, he was 
 removed from the. place in convulfions. The favagc 
 who gave the blow, on being told, that he had certainly 
 killed the man, only bughra at the circumflance, and, 
 indeed, it was very evident he did not grieve for what 
 he had done. We had afterwards the fatisfadion of 
 hearing, that the poor fultcrer was out of danger. On 
 the 7th, being Wednefday, the Difcovery having found 
 her fmall bower anchor, fliiftcd her birth ; but not 
 till after her beft bower cable had met with the fate of 
 the other. This day Feenou dined on board the Re- 
 folution ; and alfo on the next, when he was attend- 
 ci by Taipa, Toobou, and fome other chiefs. Taipa 
 only, however, was permitted to nt at table with 
 Feenou, or even to eat in hit prefence. The captain 
 was highly pleafcd on account of this etiquette; for be-' 
 fure the arrival of Feenou, he had generally a larger 
 company than he cholc, his ubie being crouded with 
 vifitors of both fexes. For though at Ouheite the 
 females are denied the privilege of eating in com- 
 
 f.-iny with the men, this it not the pradice at th« 
 ricndly Idands. 
 
 A large junk axe having been (lolen out of the (hip 
 by one of the natives, on the (irft day of our arrival at 
 Annamooka, application wat made to Feenou to exert 
 his authority to get it rcftored; who gave ordera for 
 that purpolc ; which cxaAed fuch implicit obedience, 
 that It wat brought on board before wc had finiflied 
 our dinner. We had many opportunies of remarking 
 how expert thefe people were in thievery. Even fome 
 of their chiefs were not afliamed of practicing that 
 art. On the 9th, one of them was dctcded carrying 
 out of the (hip the bolt belonging to the fpun.yam 
 winch, which he had carefully concealed under his 
 cloaths : for which otfcnce the captain fcntcnccd him 
 to receive a dozen la(hes, and to be confined till he 
 paid a hog for his liberty. Though, afber this cir- 
 cumftance we were troubled with no more thieves of 
 rank, their fervants and flavet were condantly employ- 
 ed in this dirty bufinefs ; and they received a flogging 
 with as much fceming indifference, as if it had been 
 upon the main-mafl. W^en any of them were caught 
 in the ad of thieving, inflead of interceding in their 
 behalf, their maflcrs would advifc us to kill them : but 
 as ve were not difpofcd to be their judges and execu- 
 tio.iers, they generally efc.iped without any kind of 
 punifliment: (or we thought them to be alike infcnfible 
 of the fliame and torture of corporal cha(li(<i:ment. At 
 length Capuin Clerke contrived a mode of punifliment 
 which had fome e(red. Immediately upon detcdion, he 
 ordered their heads to be completely fluved, and thus 
 pointed them out asobjedsofredicule to their country- 
 men : at the fame time our ptople were put upon their 
 guard, to deprive them of future opportunities for a re- 
 petitipn of their thefts. Feenou was fo fond of our com- 
 pany, that he dined on board every day ; but he did not 
 always paruke of our fare. Saturday the loth, hit 
 fervanu brought him a mela, which had been drelTed 
 
 on 
 
iving he 
 e fccn in 
 'aipa an- 
 cfi than 
 •vercjgn. 
 ve or fix 
 lin Cbok 
 them in 
 igrecable 
 attended 
 lerofthe 
 
 for the 
 brmcd of 
 vcy foinc 
 here over 
 onboard 
 
 all the 
 Some 
 
 he beat 
 
 One, in 
 ide of the 
 and nor> 
 
 he was 
 
 COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE--T0 the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 449 
 
 iJhMM 
 
 on 
 
 on fliore. confiding of fifli, foup, and yams : cacoa-nut 
 liquor had been ufcd inftead of water, in which the fifh 
 had been boiled or IVewed, (perhaps in a wooden vcflcl 
 with hot Hones) and it was brought on board in a plan- 
 tain leaf. Captain Cook tailed of the mefs, and was 
 fo well plealed with it, that he afterwards ordered fome 
 fi(h to be drtfled in the fame way ; but though his 
 cqpk fuccecded tolerably well, it was much inferior to 
 the dilh he attempted to imitate. 
 
 Sunday the nth, we removed from the Ihore, the 
 obfervatnries. horfes, and a variety of things we had 
 landed, intending to fail as foon as the Difcovery 
 Ihould have recovered her bed bower anchor. Hie 
 live ftock which had been landed the day after our ar- 
 rival, on a fmall ifland, about half a mile from the 
 ihore to graze, were amazingly recovered : from per- 
 fed (keletons, the horfes and cows were grown plump, 
 and as playful as colts. On the 1 3th, the tents were 
 llruck, and Mr. Philipfon, lieutenant of marines, loft 
 all his bedding, by the careleflhcfs of the centinel, who 
 received I a lalhcs for neglcdl of duty. In the mot-n. 
 ing, the Iong>boat was found fwamped, and all the 
 Qern (heeu, and fevcral other articles belonging to her 
 rnilTing, and never recovered, for which the marine, 
 who had the care of the watch, was fevcrcly puniflied. 
 Fecnou, hearing that the captain meant to proceed 
 to Tongataboo, earnelllv entreated him to alter his 
 plan; expreflingas much avcrfion to it, as if, by di- 
 verting him from it, he wiAied to promote fome par- 
 ticular intered of his own. He warmly recommended 
 a group of iflands called Hapaee, lying to the N. E. 
 where he aflUred us, we could he ealily and plentifully 
 fupplied with evciy refrefhmcnt; and even oifered to 
 attend us thither m pcrfon. In confequence of his 
 advice Hapaee was made choice of; and as it had not 
 been viflted by any European veflcl, the furveying it 
 became an objedl to Captain Cook. On Tuefday the 
 13th, Captain Qerke's anchor was happily recovered ; 
 and on the morning of the 14th, we made fail, and 
 left Annamooka, with a fine breeze, wind N. £. 
 courfeW.S.W. 
 
 Notwithflanding this ifland is fomewhat higher than 
 the other fmall ifles that furround it, yet it is lowef 
 than Mangeea and Wateeoo ; and even thofe are but 
 of a moderate height. The ihore where our ihips lay, 
 conftfls of a deep, rugged, coral rock, about nme or 
 ten feet high, except two fandy beaches, which are 
 defended from the fea, by a reef of the fame fort of 
 ■ rock. In the centre of the ifland is a fait water lake, 
 about a mile and a half in length, round \Vhich the 
 ground rifes with a gradual afcent, and we could not 
 trace its having any communication with the fea. On 
 the rifing pans of the ifland, cfpecially towards the 
 fea, the foil is cither of a blackifh loofe mould, or a 
 reddifh clay ; but there is not a dream of frefli water to 
 be found in any part of the ifland. The land is well 
 cultivated, excipt in a few pUces t and, though fome 
 parts appear to lie wade, they are only left to recover 
 the drcngth exhauded by condant culture ; for we often 
 faw the natives at work upon thefe fallows, in order to 
 plant them again. Yams and plantains form their 
 
 Jirincipal plantations ; many of which are very exten. 
 iye. Mid enclofed with fences of reeds about fix feet 
 high. Fences of lefs comjpafs vere often feen within 
 thele, furrounding the houfcs of v^t principal people. 
 The btcad-fruit and cocoa-nut-trees are interfperfed 
 without any regular order, but principally near the ha- 
 biutions of the natives. The otherpartsofthe ifland, 
 cfpecially towards the fe» and round the lake, are co- 
 vered with luxuriant trees and buflies { among which 
 are a great miny mangroves and faitanoo- trees. All 
 the rocks and dones about the ifland are of coral, ex- 
 cept in one place, to the right of the fandy beach, 
 where there is a rock of about 15 feet in height, of a 
 calcareous done, and of a yellowifh colour; but even 
 here. Tome laige pieces are to be feen of the fame coral 
 rock as that which cpmpofes the diore. We fome- 
 time? amufed ouifelvesby walking up the country and 
 fljootiag wild ducks, refembling our widgeon, which 
 arc very numerous on the fait lake, as well as- on the 
 No. 55. 
 
 pool where we procured our water. We found, in 
 thefe excurfions, that the inhstbitantH frequently da 
 ferted their houfcs to repair to the trading place, with- 
 out entertaining the lead fufpicion, that drangera 
 would take away, or dcdroy, any property that belonged 
 to them. From this circumflance it might be fup- 
 pofed, that mod of the natives were fometimes cdl- 
 teded on the beach, and that there could be no great 
 difficulty in forming an accurate computation of their 
 number ; but the continual refort of vifitors from othef 
 iflands, rendered it impofTible. However as we neve^ 
 faw more than a thoufand perfons collc<flcd together at 
 one time, it may reafonably be fuppofed, that there are 
 twice that number upon the ifland. In the dirdd 
 trad to Hapaee, whither we were now boiind^ to the 
 N. and N. E. of Annamoo!;* a great number of 
 fii)all iflea are feen. We had mure than 60 within 
 fight, all of them furroundc'd with reefs of focks. 
 With fo many wmdings and turnings, as truly might 
 be faid toconditute a labyrinth. Amidd the rocks and 
 fhoals adjoining to this group, wc were doubtful whe- 
 ther there might be a free paflage for fliips of fuch mag- 
 nitude as ours; though the natives failed through the 
 intervals in their canoes : therefore when we weighed 
 anchor from Annamooka, we deered to go to the 
 wedward of the above iflands, and N. N. W. towards 
 Kao and Toofoa, two iflands remarkable for their great 
 heieht,and the mod wedcriy of thofe in light. FeenOu, 
 with his attendants remained in the Rcfolution till about 
 noon of Wednefday the 14th, and then entered the 
 large failing canoe, jnhich had brought him from Ton- 
 gataboo, and dood in among the cluder of iflands of 
 which we were now abrcad. They arc fcattered, at 
 unequal didanccs, and mod of thi-m are as high ad 
 Annamooka. Some of them are two or three miles in 
 length, and others only half a mi.;-. Many of them 
 have deep rocky fhores ; fome rcddifli clifFs ; and others 
 have fandy beaches, extending almod their whole 
 length. In general, they are entirely clothed with trees, 
 among which are many cocoa-palms, each having the 
 appearance of a beautiful garden placed in the fea. 
 The ferenc weather wc now had, contributed greatly 
 to heighten the fcene ; and the whole might convey 
 an idea of the realization of fome fairy land. It ap.< 
 
 ftars, that fome of thefe iflands have been formed, as 
 almerdon's ifland was fuppofed to have been ; for one 
 of them is now entirely fand, and another has but a 
 fingle bufti or tree upon it. About four o'clock P. M. 
 we deered to the north, leaving Toofoa and Kao on our 
 larboard. We intended to have anchored for the night, 
 but it came on befort we could find a place in lefs than 
 50 fathoms water ; and we rather chofe to fpend the 
 night under fail, than come to in fuch a depth. At 
 four o'clock in the afternoon, wc had been within two 
 leagues of Toofoa, and obferved the fmoke thereof 
 feveral times in the day. There is a volcano upon it, 
 of which the friendly iflanders enteruin fome fuper* 
 ditious notions, and call it Kollofeea, faying it is an 
 Otooa, or diviility. We were informed, that it fome-« 
 limes throws up very large dones, and the Crater is 
 compared to the fizeofa very fmall iflot, which has 
 not ceafed fmoaking in the memory of the inhabi- 
 tants; nor have they any tradition that it ever did. 
 We fometimes faw the fmokc from the centre of the 
 ifland, even at Annamooka, the diffauice of at leiaft 
 10 leagues. We were told, that Toofoa is but thinly 
 inhabited, but that the water upon it is excellent. On 
 Thurfday the 1 jth, at day-break, we \f^ere not far from 
 Kao, which is a large rock of a conic figure ; we deered 
 to the pafTage between Footooha and Hafaiva, with a 
 gentle breeze, at S. E. About ten o'clock, Fecnou 
 came on board, and continued with us all day. He 
 brought with him fome fruit and two hogs ; and in the 
 courteofthe day, feveral cauoes came to barter quas« 
 titles of the former article, which were very acceptable 
 to us, as our dock began to be low. At noon we ob« 
 ferved in lati :ide 1 9 deg. 49 min. 45 fee. S. and we had 
 made feven n-iles longitude from Annamooka ; at the 
 fame timeToofoa bonU. 88 deg. W. Kao^. 7 1 d^. W. 
 Footooha N. 89 deg. W, and Hafaiva S. 13 deg. W. 
 S X ClIAP. 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 'f'i 
 
45° 
 
 apt. COOK'j VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 li 
 
 C H A P. V. 
 
 Arrival ^ the Refotulm and Di/ctvery at Hapaet-^BriemUy reeeptm at that fUct'^Taipa barauput the iuihe$^ 
 
 Prefent), fotemnilies, and enltrtainments on loot otetffieih''Marintt txercffed—A dtoUe^firt-JWtrks, and ntf/umal titlrr' 
 
 tainments — The ijknidof Leefotga defcribed—Occurrnm tbtn-^AfimaU o6it0 iffuMrtd^'Smnlar expeditnls itfdd 
 
 forjbminr the hair — the kf joint itn and Difnven rtimvttt amtberJUtimh^A rmarkaUt aftijkial mmnt andftonemm 
 
 Hoolaiva d^cribcd— Account of Poulabo, Aiiw ^ the Brindh Bn-^nr ttet fiript depart fhm Hapate IJUmiSt and n-^ 
 
 turn to Annamooka — Kotoa deJfcribed—'Tbty ftnte «H ttenm, M arrive Jaft at Ttnga t am > Meeting ^Foutabt and 
 
 Feenou—Favourailf reception of our teople at Tongataiit, t» whant. the natives refort from all parts — An exatrjhn- to 
 
 Mareewagee — A dejcription of the village where the chiefs fffide—A curims vatrk rf art—Procefs <f mamfaUuring cloth 
 
 ,<■ -—A grand Haiva, with a variety of entertainments'— PrfftHttmaJt to the chief s^-Thrfls committed 1^ the natives— The 
 
 ' i king and other chiefs confined on that account — His prtfent and Haiva e^er their reletA—'Mu/keti and Uber articles are 
 
 fiolen from fame of our officers— Complaints made to the king 0» this frAjell—f{he whMetflhem reHnmed — Dtfcriptim rf 
 
 a Fiatooka — Of a country entertainment at Poulaho's-houfe — His mmenm^ eeremvny — Manner rfprepariiw the lifur from 
 
 the a ova plant — Account of afmall ijhmd, called Onety— Mr. King aecomponied iy Mr. Anderfon, vijft fktiqfaihe the 
 
 king's brother — Hvw entertained by him tbno they paffed the night— u^rvations on the tmmtrj tbeypt^ed through 
 
 Preparations made for our departure from toneatabto. 
 
 -Preparations made for our departure from Tonga 
 
 AFTER having pflcd Footooha, we nut with a 
 reef of rockt, and, being little wind, we found 
 fomc difficulty in keeping clear of them. When we 
 had paflTed this reef, we hauled up forNeeneeva, a fmall 
 low ifle in the diredion of E. N. E. from Footooha, in 
 hopes of finding an anchorage, but were again dif. 
 appointed i for notwithftanding we had lanain every 
 diredion, the fca was unfathomable. In the courfe of 
 this night, we (aw plainly the flames ifluing from a 
 burning mountain upon Toofoa. On Friday the i6th, 
 at day •break, we held on our courfe for Hapaee, which 
 at this time was in fight; and we perceived tt to be low 
 land, from the trees only appearing above the water. 
 At nine o'clock it appeared to form three iflands, equal 
 nearly in fize; and foon after, a fourth appeared to the 
 fouthward of thefe, as large as any of the others. Each 
 of the iflands appeared to be of a fimilar height and 
 afpeft, and about fix or feven miles in length. The 
 moft northern of them is called Haanno, the next 
 Foa, the third Lefooga, and the fourth Hoolaivai but 
 they are all four included under the ceneral name of 
 Hapace. By fun-fet, we got up with tne northemnoioft 
 of ucfe ifles, where we experienced the fame diftiefs 
 for want of anchorage, that we did the two preceding 
 evenings, having another night to fpend under fiul, 
 with land and breakers in every direi^on. Fecnou, 
 who had been on board all day. went forward to Hapaee 
 in the evening, and tookOmiah with him in the canoe. 
 He was not unmindful of our difagrceable fituati9n, 
 and kept up a good fire the whole night, bv wa)r of 
 land-mark. Saturday, the 17th, at day-break, being 
 then clofe in with Foa. we perceived it was joined to 
 Haanno, hy a reef runniiw from one ifland to the other, 
 even with the furfece of the fca. A boat was now 
 difpatched in fimrch of anchorage 1 and a proper place 
 was found, abreafl of a reef which joins Lefixna to Foa, 
 having 34 fathonu depth of water. In this ration the 
 northern point of Hapaee bore N. 16 deg. E. The. 
 Ibuthem point of Hapaee, or the fouth end of Hoolaiva, 
 S. 39 d£g. W. and the north end of Lefooga, S. 65 deg. 
 E. Two ledges of rocks lay without us i the one bear- 
 ing S. $0 deg. W. and the other W. by N. half N. dif. 
 unt two or mree miles. We were not more than three 
 quaners of a mile from the ihorei and, as we l^y before 
 a creek in the reef, it was convenient landing at all 
 times. 
 
 We had fcareely moored, before we were furrounded 
 with natives from all quarters, who had been apprized 
 of our coming, and who had loaded their canoes with 
 hogs, fowls, l>read.fruit, vams, phntain*. and, every 
 kind of fruit the ifland produced, ^bich thqr exchanged 
 for broken slaCs, red and blue bceds, hatchets, knives, 
 nails, Ihretfi of fcartet doth, or indeed uiy thing we 
 offered them. Here 6ur friend Feenou auiimed the 
 fame conl^uence as at Annunodu. He brought 
 along-fide hu canoe laden with four large hpgs, bread- 
 fruit, and fliaddocks, a fine odorifcnus fruit, in finell 
 and tafle not unlike, a-lemon, but larger and rounder. 
 He brought likewifc yams of an enormous fize, weighs 
 ing fiom 50 to 60 pounds each. Feenou and Oouah 
 
 having come on board in order to introduce our com- 
 nmnder tothe natives of the inand.he foon accompanied 
 them on fhore for that purpofe. Tlic chicfcondudted the 
 capuin to a hut, fituated clofe to the fca-beach, which 
 was brousht thither but a few minutes before for his re- 
 ception. InthisFeenou.Omiah, and Captain Cook, wer6 
 feated. The other chiefs and the multitude appeared 
 fronting them on the outiidet and they slfo feated them- 
 fel ves. Capuin Cook being afkcd how long he intended 
 to flay, fiiia five days. Taipa was, therefore, ordered to 
 fit by him, and declare this to the people. Hereupon 
 he harangued them in words nearly to the following 
 
 furport, as we were afterwards informed by Omiah. 
 le exhorted both old and young, to look upon Gap- 
 tain Cook as a friend, who meant to continue with 
 them a few days t and that, during his Itay among 
 them, they Would not (leal any thing from him, or 
 offend him in any other manner. He informed them 
 that it Was expeoed they fhould bring hogs, fruit, &c. 
 tothe fhipa : tor which they would receive fuch articles 
 as he enumerated in exchange. Soon after Taipa had 
 delivered his addrcfs to the alfembly, Feenou left them t 
 on which Captain Cook was informed by Taipa, that i( 
 was neccflanr he fhould make a prefent to Earoupi, 
 the chief of the ifland. The captain being not un- 
 prepared for this, gave him fuch articles as far exceeded 
 his expedation. This liberality created fimilar de- 
 ntands from two chieft of other ifles who were prefent, 
 and even from Taipa himfelf. Soon after he had made 
 the lafl of thefe prefents, Feenou returned, and ex- 
 preffcd his difplealure to Taipa, for fuffering the cap- 
 uin to be fo lavifh of his fiivours. But this was doubt- 
 lefs a finefle, as he certainly adlcd in concert with the 
 others. Feenou, having refumed his feat, ordered 
 Earoupa to fit by him, and haraneue the jpcople as 
 Taipa had done, which he did nearly to the fame pur- 
 p6fe. Thefe cerenxmies being over, the chief, at the 
 captain's requefl', condudted him to three flagnant poob 
 of, what he called, frefh waterj in one of which the 
 water was indeed tolerable, and the fituation convenient 
 for fillii^ the cafks. When the chief returned to his 
 former ftatibn, he found a baked hog and fome yams 
 fmoaking hot, ready to be conveyed on board for his 
 dinner. He invited Feenou and his friends to paruke 
 of the repafl, and tb^ embarked for the fliip, thougl) 
 none but himfelf fa: dowq with us at tabic. Dinner 
 being over, the capuin condudcd them afliore { amK 
 before he returned, received as a prefent from the chie^ 
 a fine laiige turtle, and a quantity of yams. We had a 
 plentiful fupply of provilions, for. in the courfe of the 
 day, we got, by bartering with the natives, about so 
 fmall hqgs, together with a large quantity of fruit vcA 
 
 100^ 
 
 Sunday the 1 8th, early in the morning, Feenou and 
 Omjlah, who now, with the chief, flept on fhore, came 
 aboard to icqueft Capuin QocU's jprelence uptm thie 
 ifland. He accompanied them, and upon landing, 
 was conduced to the place where he had been featii^tw- 
 preceding day, aiul where he beheld a laiige concbiiiff 
 of peepie ahxady allinnbled. Though we imagined 
 
 fbmethii^ 
 
 ■> 
 
 I.:— 
 
urnat tMer- 
 tJuHtt Ifftd 
 
 andftmt"^ 
 nds, tmd rt», 
 Pwlaht Md 
 
 txtttrfitm- H 
 llwring ehtb 
 Mnts-~Tl>e 
 
 trt ides art 
 IffcripUm tf 
 * tifiorjhm 
 Utttfaibe the 
 tfed through 
 
 « our com. 
 icomuanicd 
 nductedthc 
 uich, which 
 e for his rc- 
 
 Cook.wert 
 le appeared 
 ntea them- 
 he intended 
 , ordered to 
 
 Hereupon 
 e following 
 by Omiah. 
 
 upon Gap- 
 ttinue with 
 (lay among 
 m him, or 
 >rmcd them 
 I, fruit, &c. 
 fuch articlea 
 
 Taipa had 
 11 left them t 
 aipa, that if 
 o Earoupa, 
 ing not un- 
 ar exceeded 
 fimilar de- 
 xre prefent, 
 e had made 
 ed, and ex> 
 ng the cap- 
 was doubt- 
 crt with the 
 at, ordered 
 e as 
 
 w 
 
 e lame pur- 
 :hief, at the 
 gnant pools 
 7 which the 
 I convenient 
 mcd to hit 
 feme yams 
 •ard for his 
 s to partake 
 lip, thougl) 
 Ic. Dinner 
 ihoret and, 
 m the chief. 
 We had a 
 ourfeof the 
 s, about 30 
 of fruit and 
 
 Feenou and 
 Biore, came 
 e upon the 
 on laodiiig. 
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 se cone«>uife 
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COOR'i THIRD «nd LA*" . VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 
 
 45' 
 
 M «.f 
 
 
 
 ♦f-'-^i 
 
 
 IbmcthinacttrumliiMry wu in tgiution, yet we could 
 not conjure what, nor could OmUh give ua anir in- 
 fonmtUMi. Soon tfter we were Teated. about an hun. 
 dred of the natim appeared, and advanced, laden with 
 yanu. plantains, bread, fruit, cocoa^uti. and Tugar- 
 caneit their burthens wei* dcpoAted on our left. A 
 numuer of others arrived foon after, bearing the fame 
 kind ef articles, which were colledled into two piles on 
 our righft-flde. To thefe were fiidcned two pigs, and 
 half adMcn fowls, and to thofe on the left, fix pigs, and 
 two turtles. Earoupa feated himfelf before the articles 
 on our Iefk,and anotner chief before thofe on our riffhti 
 they being, u we fuppofed, the two chiefs who liad 
 procured them by oraer of Feenou, who was as im- 
 plicitly obeyed here, as he had been at Anmmooka, 
 and who had probably laid this tax upon the chiefs of 
 Hapaee for the prefent occafion. When this muni- 
 ficent colle<flion of provifions was placed in order, and 
 advantageoufly difpofed for public view, the bearers 
 joined the multitude, who formed a circle round the 
 whole. Immediately afttr, a number of men, armed 
 with clubs, entered this circle or area i where they pa- 
 raded about for a few minutes, and then one half of 
 them retired to one fide, and the other half to the other 
 fide, (eating thcmfcWrs before the fpedtators. Pi*- 
 fcntly after, they fucci ifively enterttine^ us with fingle 
 combats : one champion on one fide challenging thofe 
 of the other fide, partly by words, but more by cxpref- 
 livcgefiures, to fend one of their party to oppofe him. 
 The challenge was in general accepted; the two com- 
 batants placM themfclvcs in proper attitudesi and the 
 cngagementiKgan, which continued till one of them 
 yielded, or till their weapons were broken. At the 
 oonclufion of each combat, the vidtor fquatted himfelf 
 down before the chief, then immediately roTe up and 
 retired. Some old men, who feemed to prefide as 
 judges, gave their plaudit in a very few words ; but 
 the multitude, efpecially thofe on the fide of the con- 
 aueror, celebrated the glory he had acquired in two or 
 tnrce loud huz/as. In thefe mock f^a, which dif- 
 fered but little from our cudgel-players in England, the 
 combatants beat one another pretty feverely . This en- 
 tertainment was fometimes fufpended for a (hort fpace, 
 «nd the intervals of time were filled up with wreliling 
 and boxing matches. The firft were performed in the 
 method {Kadiced at Otaheite, and the fecond differed 
 very little from the Englifii manner. A couple of fiout 
 wenches next ficpped forth, and, without ceremony, 
 began boxing with as much dexterity as the men. 
 Thu conteft, however, wu but of (hort duration, for, 
 in the fpace of half a minute, one of them gave it up. 
 ^'he victorious heroine was applauded by the fpe«^ators, 
 in the fame Aianner as the fuccefsful combaunts of the 
 pther fex. Though we exprcfl*ed our difapprobation 
 •f this part of the enterainment, it did not' prevent, 
 however, two other females from entering theliltt; who 
 feemed to be fpirited eirls, and if two old women had 
 not interpofed to part them, would probably have given 
 cKh other a good dmbbing. When thefe fports were 
 exhibited, three thoufand tpt&ntan, at leafi, were'pre- 
 Ii;nt, and every thing was conduced with the moft per- 
 (eSt good humour on all fides, though fome of^tfie 
 champions, of both fexes, received blows which they 
 tnuft have felt the effe€t of for fome time after. 
 
 The diverfions being (inilhcd, the chief informed 
 Captain Cook, that the provifions on our right-hand 
 Hvere a prefent to Omith t and that thofe on our left, 
 making about two thirds of the whole quantity, were 
 intended for him, and that he might fuit his own con- 
 venience in taking them aboard. Four boata wete 
 loaded with the munificence of Feenou, whofefiivours 
 far exceeded any that Captain Cook had ever received 
 from the (bvereupg of any of the iflands we had vifited 
 in the Pacific Ocean. He, therefore, embraced the 
 iiHtepportuniqp of convincing Feenou, that we were 
 not infenfible of his liberality, tw beftowing uppn him 
 flich dbmmodities as he fuppOTed were moft valuable 
 in his e(limation. Feenou was To highly plei(M with 
 the veturn^hat was made him, Ihat he left the captain 
 (till indebted to him, by fending Kim two ll^ hogs, 
 
 fome yams, and a confideraiMe <)uantity of cloth. In 
 this manner, and in ranging the ifland, botanizing, ex* 
 amining the curiolities, natural and artificial, we em- 
 plojfcd our time, while the live Hock were recruiting 
 their fle(h, and the feveral artificers were cumpleaiing 
 the repairs of the (hip. It ii not cafy for people, who 
 •re totally unacquainted with the language of a coun.> 
 try, to nuke themfelves mafters of the civil policy of 
 the inhabitanu. Indeed it ii next to impolTible in a 
 fhort refidencc amoi^ them. As we obfervcd no fuch 
 medium as money, by which the value of property is 
 afcerttined, it was not eafy to difcover what elfe they 
 had fubftitutcd in its room, to facilitate the modes of 
 traffic among themfelves. That each had a property 
 in the plantation he poflcired, we could plainly dil- 
 cemi and the chiefs were ready enough to point out 
 their poiTefTions, the extent 'of which gave them con- 
 fequence, as among other civilized nations; but tw. 
 fuch thing as circulating property ucing difcovcrabie, 
 by the hoarding up of which, and laying it our occa- 
 fionallv to advantage, one might purchafe another's 
 landed or fubllantial properly, wc could not inform 
 ourfelves fuflicieiuly, by what means the filhcrmaii 
 purchafed his canoe, or the boat-builder his materials, 
 vet there cannot remain a doubt, but that the boat- 
 builder had an intcrcll in his boat after it was built, as 
 well as the chicl in his plantation, after it is inclofcd 
 and cultivated. With us all was carried on by bar- 
 ter, and an imaginary value fixed on every article. \ 
 hog was rated at a hatchet, and (o many bread-fruit, 
 cocoa-nutd, and plantains, at a firing of beads t and fu 
 in like manner throughout i but among themfelves, we 
 faw no fuch vali-c by way of barter. SVc dH not ob- 
 ferve fo much fruit given for fo many tilli ; nor fo many 
 combs, needles, or ufcful materials, lor a certain pro- 
 portion of cloth I yet, doubtlefs, fome mode of ex- 
 change there mull be among ihem i for it is certain 
 there is no fuch thing as money, at leaft, none that wc 
 could difcern: neither could we difcover any di(lin(fl 
 property, which one man claimed more than another 
 m the forefts or woods j but that every man, like us, 
 cut what he wanted fur ufe, ami was under no limita- . 
 tion for fuel. Salt, which is fo neceflary an article in 
 European houfe.keeping, is wholly unknown to thefe 
 tropical iflanders. 
 
 Feenou having expreflcd a defire to fee the marines 
 perform their exercilc. Captain Cook ordered them 
 afiioreon Tucfday the 20th. They went through their 
 military manoeuvres, furroundcd by thouiands of the 
 natives, who were frightened at the hrit liring, and 
 fled like herds of deer from the report of the guns; 
 but findii^ no harm enfue, they took cour.ige, and 
 rallied at a diflance j but no pcrfuafions could pre- 
 vail updB them to oane near. After they had gone 
 throu^ various evolutions, and fired feveral volleys, 
 the chief in his turn, enteruined us with an exhibition^ 
 performed with an exadnefs, and agility, far furpafling 
 what they had feen i.^ our military movements. It was 
 a kind of dance, pcrtbrmed by men, in which tos 
 perfons were engaged, each having an inllrument in 
 bis hand, refembling a paddle, two tcct and a half long 
 with a thin blade, and a fmall handle. With thelc 
 inftrumenu various flouriihes were made, each of 
 wlHch was accompanied with a diflerent movement 
 or a difterent attitude of body. At firll, the dancers 
 ran^ themfelves in three lines, and fo changed their 
 ftauons by dififerent evolutions, that thofe who had 
 been in the rear came into the front. At one part of 
 the performance, they extended themfelves in one line» 
 afterwards they formed themfclvcs into a feiiii circle' 
 and rilai into two fquare columns. During^the lafl 
 movement, one ef them came forward and performed 
 an antic dance, with which the entertainment ended 
 The nuifK that accompanied the dances was pro^ 
 duccd by two drums, or lathcr hollow logs of wood 
 ftotn which they forced a few varied notes, by beatinxr 
 r thma «ith wo IHcks, The dancers, howevtr dt* 
 iiOltppear to be much aflifted or diroiled by theft 
 founds, but by a chorus of vocal mulic, in which all 
 the performers joined. Their fong was rather melodi- 
 
 ous. 
 
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4i* 
 
 Opt. COOK'i TOYAOES COMPLETE. 
 
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 out. and their corrtfponding inocioM wen lb flulAiUy 
 executed, that the whole bodjr of duiccn eppcand u 
 «ne regubur machine. Suck a peribmiaiice would have 
 been applauded even on a European theatre. It lar 
 exceeded any attempt that we had made to entertain 
 them I infomuch that they feemed to plumu dicmfeivet 
 on their fuucrioriiy over ua* They liked none of our 
 mufical inttnimcnti, except the dnuni and even they 
 thought that interior to tneir own : our Fitnch horni 
 they held in the highelt contempt, and would not pay 
 the fmaUcft attention tu them, either here, or at any 
 other of the iflanda. To give them a more fiivourable 
 
 Sintondftheamuiiementt.and fuperior attainmcnu of 
 e Englifli. Capuin Cook ordered fome fire-worki to 
 be prepaitdi and after it was dark, exhibited them in 
 the prefeiKe of Feenou, and a vaft multitude of people. 
 Thcv wcfe highly entertained with the diTplay in ge- 
 neral I but our water and flcv-rockeU aAoniflwd than 
 beyond all conception i and they now admitted that the 
 fcale wai turned in our fitvour. 
 
 This exhibition, however, ferved only ai an addi- 
 tional ftimulu* to urae them to proceed to frcQi ex- 
 ertions of their finguwr dexterity i for ai foon aa our 
 Are-worki were ended, a fucceuion of dancea, which 
 Feenou had prepared for our enteruinment, began. 
 A band of muiic, or chorus, confifting of 1 8 men. feated 
 Ihemfelves bct(>rc us, in the centre of a circle tbrmed 
 by the numerous fpedators. About four or five of the 
 performers had each pieces of large bamboo, from three 
 to lix feet in length, each pbycd on by one man, who 
 held it alniofl vertically ; the jpper end whereof w>as 
 open, but the other clofcd by one of the joints. They 
 kept conftantly fthking the ground, though flowly, 
 with the clofc end, and thus produced a variation m 
 the notes, according to the different lengths of the in- 
 ArunKnu, butall wi re of the bafe or hollow kind i which 
 was counteracted by a ^crfon who Itruci; nimbly a 
 piece of the fame fubftance, fplit, and lying upon 
 the ground, furnifhing a tone as acute, as the others 
 were grave an»J fokmn. The whole of the band (in- 
 cluding thofe who performed upon the bamboos) fung 
 a flow loft air, winch to finely tempered the harfher 
 notes of the inftrumcnts, that the moll perfe^ judge of 
 the modulation of fwcct founds, would confefs the great 
 power, and plcafing cffed of this iimple harmony. 
 About a quarter oi an hour after the concert began, 
 20 women entered the circle, whofe hands were adorn- 
 eJ with garlands of crimfon flowers; and many of their 
 pcrfons were decorated with leavea of trees,, curioufly 
 Icolloped, or ornamented at the edges. Thev encir- 
 cled thofe of the chorus, with their faces towards them, 
 and began by finging a foft air. to which refponfes 
 were made by the chorus i and thofe were altematclv 
 repeated. The women accompanied their feng with 
 many graceful motions of their hands^ and continual, 
 ly advancing and retrcatii^ with one foot, while the 
 other remained fixed. After this, dtey turned their 
 faces to the alTcmbly, and having fung fome time, re- 
 treated flowly in a body, and placed themfelvea op- 
 poliic to the hut, where the pnitcipal fpedaton (at. 
 One of them next advanced from each fide, paflins 
 «acb other in the front, and moving pragRfTi^rely tifi 
 they came to the reft. On which two advanced fivm 
 each fide; two of whom returned, but the other two 
 remained ; and to diefe. from each fide, came one by 
 intervals, till they had. once more, formed a circle 
 about the chorus. I^ii^ to a quicker meafuic Pfm 
 fuccccdid, in whiich the pertqrmers made a kind of htdf 
 tiim fay lewingi then dapping their hand^. and fiuip. 
 ping their hnprs. repe^ed fopie words in unifba yvi^ 
 Qwcfaorus. As tbf y proce?4ed in thp daace, *e I*, 
 udity of their nuific mcre|<ed 1 their gefturca and iU 
 dtudea were varied with wooderfiildexteiiiy.i and.fiMPi; 
 of their motiona woukk by an Eulppcuv, be t|)0Hght 
 Ather indecent! thougb,>pvh«Pf»<l>*9 ■«*»<! O0^f>» 
 i^lfolay the aftonifhii^ varicrr «f their mmimqimr. 
 This female ballet was fiK;ceedcd.by.<HIPPit«fori9ffiljb)y 
 15 men; and though fome 1^ dicm w«ret o^ tjiQe 
 feemed " '^ •-.- rt ...... _ 
 
 the front* fiomefimcs thry fung flowly. in caBG«K 
 with the chorus, making (evend graceful andgui wiiii 
 their handa, but diffbring from thofe of tht womctii 
 tt tht fame time indimng the body ahcmMely w 
 cither fide, by raiflmr one leg outward, and *t^\m on 
 the otheri the aim of the fame fide being allb flretthcd 
 upward. They then recited fentencca, which went 
 anfwered fay the chorus 1 and occafwnally increalM tht 
 meafure of the dance, Yrf clapping the hands and ac* 
 celerating the motion of the feet. Towards the con* 
 ctufion, the rapidity of the nuilic and dancing fo much 
 increafed, that the difl^rrcnt movcmenu were na«d to ba 
 diftinguilhcd. 
 
 VVhen this dance was finiflird. but alter a confidequ 
 ble interval, twelve other nwn advanced, placing inctn- 
 felves in double rows, fronting each other. On one 
 fide was ftationcd a kind of prompter, who repeated 
 feveral fentences, to which refponfes were made by <be 
 
 Krformcrs and the chorus. They fung and danced 
 wlyi and gradually grew quicker, like thofe whom 
 they had fuccecded. Next to thefe nine women ad- 
 vanced and fat down oppofitc the hut where the chief 
 had placed hiniCclf. A man immediately rofe and 
 
 Kve the ftrft of thefe women a blow on the back with 
 th his lifts joined ; he treated the fecond and third in 
 thefiime manner 1 but when he came to the fourth, he 
 flruck her on the brcaft : upon fueing this, a perfoo 
 inftantly rifing up from among the crowd, knocked him 
 down with a blow on the head, and he was quietly 
 carried away. But this did not cxcufe the other hve 
 women from fo extraordinary a difcipline t for they 
 were treated in the fame manner by a p^rfon who tuc 
 ceeded him. When thefe nine women danced, their 
 performance was twice difapproved of, and they were 
 oiiliged to repeat it aaain. There was no diflurcncc 
 between this dance and that of the firft fet of women, 
 except that thefe fomctimes raifed the body upon one 
 leg, and then upon the other, alternately, by a fort of 
 double motion. Soon after a perfon entered unex>- 
 pet^tedly. making fomr ludicrout remarks on our fire> 
 works that had been exhibited, which extorted a burfl 
 of laughter from the crowd. We had then a dance by 
 the attendants of Feenou : they formed a double row oHf 
 24 each round the chorus, and joined in a gentlefooth- 
 ing fong, accompanied with motions of the Ta/fAt and 
 hands. They alfo began with flow movemei^ts, which 
 gpidually became more and more rapid,, and clofed 
 finally with fevcral very ingenious tmnfpofitions of the 
 two circles. The fcltival of this memoralilc nig^ 
 cofKluded with a dance, in which the principal people 
 aflifted. In nuny rcfpcdu it rcfemblcd the preceding 
 ones, but tliey increafed their motions to a prodigioua 
 quicknefs, fhaking their heada from (boulder xa 
 (itoulder. infomuch that they appeared in danger ofilK* 
 kcating their necks. This was attended with a c1ap« 
 
 Eot the hands, and a kind of (avage lliriek. A 
 Ml on one fide, repealed fomething in a truly mu- 
 rvciutive, and with an air fo graceful, as ndghc 
 Btfome of our applauded performers to the biufh. 
 e Y** anfwered by another, and this was reiwated 
 (fveial times by the whole body on each fidct and they 
 (Mlbed, by finging and dancing, as they had begut^ 
 The two lafl duces were approved univerfally by the 
 fpefUtors. They wercvperfKUy in time, and fome 9f 
 tneir gefturca were (b«xprcffive, that it might ju(tly be 
 faid, they fpoke the laiwuage tluit accompaniei thenif 
 The thai.cre fat th^ exhibitions and performances vm 
 m qpen (JMce amoi^ the trees, bordering on the feS| 
 with tights jplacicd at finall intervals, round the infid* 
 ig^ the circle. Though the concourfe of people waa 
 pret^ Jaine, their number wu much inferior to that 
 aflaimcdln the (brenoqn, when the marines perfortiw 
 ed their cxercilc. At that time nuny of our gcntleine9 
 ifurapfed there miglK be prefent 5000 per&M or up* 
 «araai,lMit the capuin thought that account rather cx« 
 
 ••srsw 
 
 ed to have robbed tbem of but little pf their agiU- 
 They were diipo(ed in 9, bat of circle, divided j|t | 
 
 f^dtutSAtit the 3ift, a chief went on hpardiht 
 JCKIcpveiy, and prefentcd her captain with a targe, 
 i^jraaiit nesd'^lrefs, onyimented with pearU/fliells. add 
 red fjUthfn, and wreathed with flowers.of the moft^ro* 
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COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAQFIC OCEAN, &c. 453 
 
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 Splendent colours. In return. Captain Gierke loaded 
 him with many ufeful articles of European manufac- 
 ture, knives, Iciflars. Taws, and f jme gaudy firings of 
 beads, which were highly prized by the chief, who 
 thought it no difgrace to paddle himiclf on (hore, with 
 his nch acquifitions. This 6>sy Captain Cook made an 
 excurfion into the ifland ot Lefot^a, which, in fomc 
 rcfpeds, was found to be fupcrior to Annamobka, the 
 plantations beincnotonly more numerous, but alfo more 
 cxtenfivc. Various parts of the country near the fea 
 are ^aftc, owing perhaps 10 the fandinefs of the foil : 
 but in the internal parts of th? ifland, the foil is betterji 
 and there the marks of population, and of an improved 
 ftate of cultivation, are very ronfpicuous. Many of 
 the plantations are cnclofcd in fuc'n a manner, that the 
 fences, running parallel to each other, form fpacious 
 public roads. Large fpnts, covered with the paper- 
 mulberry-trces, were obfcrved ; and the plantations, in 
 general, were (locked abundantly with fuch plants and 
 truit-trees as the inai\d produces. To thcfc we made 
 fnme addition, by fowing the feeds of melons, pump>- 
 kins, Indian-corn, &c. At one place was a hoiiic, four 
 times as large as the ordinary ones, with an extent! ve area 
 of grafs bcfoKit, to which the people probably refort on 
 * fbmc public occafions, particularly in the rainy fcafons. 
 Near the landing-place we obfcrved a moimt, two or 
 three feet high, whereon flood four or live little huts, 
 in which the bodies of fomc pcrfons of dirtindion had 
 been interred. The ifland is but fcven miles in length, 
 and its breadth, in foine places, is not more than three 
 - miles. Theeaft-fide hasa reef, projciitingconfidcrably, 
 againfl which the fca breaks with great violence. It 
 is the continuation of this reef that joins Lefooga to 
 Foa, which is but half a mile diflnnt ; and. at low 
 water, the natives can walk upon this reef from one 
 ifland to the other. The fliorc is either a fandy beach, 
 or a coral rock. When the Captain returned en board 
 from his cxcurflon, he found a large failing canoe 
 faflened to our flern. In this came Latooliboul.i, or 
 Kohagee-too Fallangou, (one perhaps the name of the 
 perfon, and the other the defcription of his rank or 
 title) whom the captain had feen, during his lafl voy- 
 age, at Tongataboo, and who was then fuppofed by 
 him to be the king of tliat ifland. He could not be 
 
 !>revailed upon to come on board, but continued fitting 
 n his csnoe with an uncommon air of gravity. The 
 iflanders called him Areckee, or king, a title which we 
 had not heard any of them give to Fecnou, however 
 extenfive his authority over them had appeared to be. 
 Latooliboula remained under our Hern till the evening 
 and then departed. Feenou was on board the Kefolu. 
 tion at that time, but neither of thefe chiefs took the 
 fmalleft notice of each other. 
 
 On Thurfday the aznd, fome of the natives having 
 ftolen a tarpaulin and other things from off the deck, 
 the captain applied to Feenou, defirirg him to exert 
 his authority to get them reflored; but this application 
 was ofnocfled. On the 23d, as we were preparing 
 to leave the ifland, Feenou and his primc-minifler 
 Taipa came along-fide in a canor, and informed us, 
 that they were gomg to Vavaoo, an ifland, as they faid, 
 iituated about two days fail to the northward of 
 Hapaee. They aflured us, that the objedt of their 
 voyage was to procure for us an additional fupply of 
 hogs, befides Tome red feathered caps for Omiah, to 
 carry with hijn to Otaheite; and defired us not to fail 
 till their return, which would be in four or Ave days t 
 after which Feenou would accompany us to Tongataboo. 
 < Captain Cook confented to wait the return ofthis chief, 
 who inunediately, at he pretended, fet out for Vavaoo. 
 On the 14th, a report was induflrioufly fpread about 
 by fome of the iflanders, that a fliip refembling ours 
 had arrived at Annamooka (ince we left it, and was 
 now at anchor there. It was alfo faid, that Toobou, 
 the chief of that ifland, was haftening thither to re- 
 ceivc thofe new vifitors. Upon cnauiry, however, it 
 was found, that this report was totally void oftbunda- 
 tian. It is difficult to conjedure, what purpofe the in> 
 vention ofthis tale could anfwen unlefs wc fuppofe it 
 WIS contrived with a view of gcttbig us rcmoyed from 
 
 one ifland to another. On the 25th, we went into a 
 houfe where a woman was drcfTing the eyes of a child, 
 who feemed blind, llie inflruments ufcd by this fb. 
 ttule ocultft were two flender wooden probes, with 
 which (he brulhed the eyes fo as to make them bleed. 
 In the fame houfe we found another wonun fliaving a 
 child's head with a ihark's tooth, ftuck into die end of 
 a flick. Sheiirfl wetted the hair with a rag dipped iti 
 water, and then applying the inflrument, took off the 
 hair as clofe as if a razor had been ufed. Captain 
 Cook foon after tried upon himfelf one of theic re- 
 markable inllruments, and found it to be an excellent 
 fubflitute. The natives of thefe iflands, however, have 
 a different method of (having their beards, whichopera- 
 tion they perform with two (hells, one of which they^ 
 place under a part of the beard, and with the other 
 applied above, they fcrape off that part: in this manner 
 they can (have very clofe, though the procefs is rather 
 tedious. There are among them fome who feem to 
 make this a profefTion ; for it was common for our 
 failors, when alhore, to have their beards fcraped off^ 
 after the mode of Hapaee, as it was for their chiefs^ 
 when on board, to be (haved by our barbers. Finding 
 at this time, that little or nothing of what the ifland 
 produced was brought to the (hips. Captain Cook de- 
 termined to change our ftation, and to wait Feenou't 
 return in fome other anchoring-place, where we might 
 flill be fupplied with refreflmicnts ; accordingly. 
 
 On Monday the 26th, in the forenoon, we made fail 
 to the fouthward along the reef of the ifland, and hav- 
 ing pa(red feveral (hoals, hauled into a bay, that lies 
 between the north end of Hoolaiva, and the fouth of 
 Lefooga, and there anchored in 17 fathoitis water, the 
 point of Lefooga bearing S. E. by E. diflant a mile and 
 a half. The Difcovery did not caft anchor till fun-fet; 
 llie having touched on one of the flioals ; but backed off 
 again witliout receiving the Icaft damage. We had no 
 fooner call anchor, than Mr. Bligh, mailer, was fent to 
 found the bay, where we w ere now llationed ) and Captain 
 Cook, accompanied by Lieutenant Gore^ lanied on the 
 fouthern partof Lefo<^a, to look for frefli water, and ex- 
 amine the country. On the weft-fidc of the ifland they 
 obfervcd an artificial mount of confiderable antiquity, 
 about 40 feet high, and meafuring 50 feet, in the dia- 
 meter of its fummit. At the bottom ofthis mount was a 
 flone 14 feet high, two and a half thick, and four 
 broad, hewn out of coral-rock; and we were told b/ 
 the iflanders, that not more than half its length was 
 fecn above ground. They called it Tangata Areckee 
 (Tangata in their language fignifles man^ Areekee, 
 king) and faid it had been (et up, and the mount raifed 
 in memory of one of their kings. On the approach of 
 night, the Captain and Mr. Gore returned on t>oard, 
 and Mr. Bligh came back from founding the bay, in 
 which he found from 14 to 20 fathoms water, with a 
 bottom principally of (and. Lefooga and Hoolaiva 
 are feparatcd from each other by a reef of coraUrocks, 
 dry at low water. Some of our gentlemen, who land- 
 ed in the laft mentioned ifland, found not the fmalleft 
 mark of cultivation, or habitation upon it, except a 
 fingle hut, in which a man employed to catch flfli and 
 turtle reflded. It is remarkable that it (hould remain 
 in this defolate condition, fince it communicates fo im- 
 mediately with Lefooga, which is fo well cultivated. The 
 weft fide of it has a Ixnding, where there feems to be 
 good anchorage ; and the eafl fldc has a reef, as well 
 as Lefooga. Uninhabited as Hoolaiva is, an artificial 
 mount has been raifed upon it, equal in height to fome 
 of the furrounding trees. 
 
 On Tucfday the 27th, at day-break, fignal was made 
 to weigh, ana as we intended to attempt in our run to 
 Tongataboo, a paflage to Annamooka. by the S. W. 
 among the intermediate ifles, Mr. Bligh was fent in a 
 boat, to found before the (hips. But before we goc 
 under fail, the wind became (o variable and unfettlcd, 
 as to render it unfafc to attempt a paflage with which 
 we were fo little acquainted : wc therefore lay faft, and 
 made fignal for the mafler to return. He, and the 
 mafter of the Difcovcr)', were afterwards fent, each in 
 a boat, to examine the channels. Towards noon a 
 S Y large 
 
 IS 
 
 
 mi 
 
 •'i\ 
 
 I i * I 
 
 ■f 
 
 I 
 
454 
 
 C«y)t. C O O K'l VOYAGES C O I^ P L E T E. 
 
 m 
 
 laiige failing canoe came under our ftern, in which was 
 a pcrfon named Poulaho, or Futtaiiiihe, who was faid 
 by the natives then on board, to be king of Tongauboo, 
 Annaiiiooka, Hapaec, and all the neighbouring iflands. 
 We were furprifra to find a (Iranger dignified with thii 
 title, which we were utight to. believe apperuined to 
 another: but they periifted in their aflcrtioni, that the 
 .fuprcme dignity belonged to Poulaho t and now for the 
 fird time acknowledged, that Feenou was not the king, 
 but a fubordinate chief, though of great power. After 
 this explanation, Poulaho was invited by the captain on 
 board, where he was not an unwelcome guelt, as he 
 brought with him two At hogs by way of prefent. 
 This ffreat pcrfonage, though not very tall, was ex- 
 crtmely unweildy, and alniofllhapel''rs v ith corpulence. 
 He appeared to be about forty : his hair was ftraight, 
 and his features confiderabiy different from thofe of 
 the majority of his people. Wc found him to be a 
 man of gravity and good fenfe. He viewed the ihip, 
 and the various new objeAs, with a particular atten- 
 tion ; and aiked many pertinent qAcfYions. When he 
 had gratified his curiofity in looking at the cattle, and 
 other novelties, he was requeued to walk down into the 
 cabin ; to which fomc of his retinue objcded, faying, 
 that, if he fhould co down thither, it would doubtlefs 
 happen that people would walk over his head ; a cir- 
 cumflance that could not be permitted. When this 
 objeiflion was to be obviated, by ordering that no 
 one ihould prefume to walk over the cabin, Poulaho 
 waved all ceremony and ventured down without any 
 
 !>revious flipulation. He now appeared to be no lefs 
 blicitous thin his people were, to convince us that he 
 was fovereign, and not Feenou. He fat down to dinner 
 with us, but eat and drank very little; ^nd afterwards 
 defired the captain to accompany him on fhorc. Omiah 
 was afkcd to be one of the party ; but he was too faith> 
 fully attached to Feenou, to fnew much refpcift to his 
 competitor, and therefore declined the invitation. Cap- 
 tain Cook attended the chief in his own boat, having 
 firft made him fiich prcfents as exceeded hi^ expec- 
 tations ; in return for which, Poulaho ordered two 
 more hogs to be fcnt on board. The chief was then 
 carried out uf the boat, by his own fubjedls, on a board 
 rcfcmbling a hand-tiarrow, and was fcated in a fmall 
 houfe near the fliorc. He placed the captain by his 
 fide; and his attendants formed a femi-circic before 
 them, on the outfidc of the houfe. An old woman fat 
 clufe to the chief, with a kind of fan in her hand, to 
 prevent his being incommoded with the flics. The 
 various articles which his people had procured by trad- 
 ing on board the fliips, beirig now difplayed before 
 him, he attentively looKcd over them all, mquired what 
 they had given in (xchanee, and, at length, ordered 
 every thing to be reflored to the refpedive owners, 
 except one glafs bowl which he referved for himfelf. 
 The people who paid this refpeift, firfl fquatted them- 
 felves down before him, then dcpofitcd their purchafes, 
 and inflantly retired. They obfcrved the fame cere- 
 mony in taking them away, and not one of them pre- 
 run)cd to fpeak to him flanding. His attendants, jufl 
 before they left him, paid him obcifance, by bowing 
 their heads down to the folc of his foot, and touching 
 it with the upper utid under fide of the fingers of each 
 hand. Captain Cook was charmed with the groveling 
 'fiibmHTion, or, as he termed it, the decorum, that was 
 paid by the llavcii to their mafler on this occafion, 
 having fcaKc fcen the like any where, even among 
 more civilized nations. Perhaps the captain htd never 
 vilited Italy, and fcen the ceremony of kiffing the Pope's 
 toe. The mafler having returned, informed us, that 
 as &ras he had proceeded, there was a palTage for the 
 (hips, and tolerable anchorage ; but that, towards the 
 S. and S. E. he obfcrved numeraus fhoals, breakers^ and 
 fmall illcs. In confequence of this report, we rclinquifli- 
 >.-d all thoughts of a paflage this way, and, beitig re- ' 
 folvcd to return to Annamooka by the fame route 
 which wc had fo lately experienced to be a fafe one, we 
 flwuld have failed the next nnorning, which was the 
 38th, if the wind had not been very unfettied i and in 
 (he night we lud fame heavy fqudls, widi thunder. 
 
 lightning, and.rain, to which, at times, thefe {Hands arc 
 expofedt Poulaho came early on board, bringing a 
 red-feathered cap as A prefent to the captajin. Tnele 
 curiofities were greatly fought after by us, u we knew 
 they woukl be highly valued at Otaheitei but not one 
 was ever brought Tor fale, though very iaige prices were 
 offered ; nor could a perToia in either fhip nuke himfelf 
 the proprietor of one, except the two captains and 
 Omiah. They 9re compofed of the uil featneri of the 
 tropic bird, imertnixed with the red fe»thers of the par. 
 roquet ; and are made iikfuch a miinner, as to tic on the 
 forehead without any crown ; and are in the form of « 
 femicircle, whofe radius is 1 8 or 30 inches. Poulaho 
 left the fhip in the evening; but his brother, whofe 
 name was alfo Futufaihe, and ftme of his attendants, 
 remained all night on board. 
 
 On Thurfday the 29th, at day-break, we weighed 
 with a fine breeze at E. N. E. and made (ail to the weft- 
 ward, followed by fcveral of the failing canoes, in one 
 of which was Poulaho the king, who, coming on boanl 
 the Rcfolution, enquired for his brother, and the others 
 who had continued with us all night. We now found 
 that they had ftaid w ithout his penniflion ; for he gave 
 them fuch a reprimand as brought tears from their 
 eyes; however, he was foon reconciled to their making 
 a longer ftay ; for on his deprture from the (hip, he 
 left his brother, and five attendants on board. We 
 w<erealfo honoured with the company of a chief, named 
 Tooboueitoa, jufl arrived from Tongataboo; who, as 
 foon as he came, fcnt away his canoe, declaring, that 
 he and five others who came with him, would lleep on 
 board; fo that the captain had, at this time, his cabin 
 filled with vifitors : this inconvenience he endured the 
 more willingly, as they brought with them plenty of pro- 
 vifions as prcfents to him, for which they met with 
 I'liitabie returns. In the afternoon, the eaflerly wind 
 was fucceedcd by a frefh breeze at S. S. E. Our courfe 
 being S. S. W. we were obliged to beat to windward, 
 and did but Jufl fetch the northern fide of Footooha by 
 eight o'clock in the evening. The next day we plied 
 up to Lopanga, and had foundings, under the Ice ol 
 N. W. fide, in 40 fathoms water ; but the bottom being 
 rocky, and a chain of breakers lying to the leeward, wc 
 flretched away for Kotoo, expeding to find better atw 
 chorage there. It was dark before we reached that 
 ifland, where finding no convenient place to anchor in, 
 we paired the night in making fhort boards. On the 
 ifl, at dav-break, we flood for the channel between 
 otoo, and the reef of rocks lying to the weftward of 
 It; but on our approach, wc found the wind infuf.. 
 ficient to lead us through. We therefore bore up on 
 the outfidc of the reef, and flretched to the S. W. till 
 near twelve o'clock, when perceiving that we made no 
 progrefs to windward, and being apprehenfive of lofing 
 the iflands, while wc had fo many lutives on boaid, we 
 tacked, flood back, and fpent the night between Foo« 
 tooha and Kotoo. The wind now blew fi«(h, with 
 fquallsand rain; and, during the night, by a fmall 
 chance of the wind, we were very near running a-giound 
 on alow fandy ifle, named Pootoo Pootoa, cncompid^ 
 fed with breakers. Our people having fortunately been 
 jufl ordered -ipondeck, to put the (hip about, and moft 
 of them being at their refpcil^tive <hitions.the necefbr/ 
 movements were performed with judgement and alert' 
 nefs; and this alone preferved us from deftrudition. 
 The Difcoveiy being aflem, was out of danger. Thii 
 furrow efcape foalarr od the natives who were on boud, 
 that they defued with great eamedneb, to be put on 
 (here : accordingly, on the return of daylight, a boat 
 wu hoifted out, and the officer who commanded her 
 was ordered, after landing them at Katoo, to found for 
 anchorage akmg the reef which prmcAa from that 
 ifland. During the abfence of the boat, we cndea* 
 vourcd to turn the (hips through the channel between 
 the reef of Kotoo and the fandy -iflci but meeiiod! ' 
 with a flrong current againll us, we were oUind to 
 defifl. ^*^ 
 
 On Sunday the 1 (I of June, difhint about (bur kagues, 
 we faw the bwiming nnounuins, and about elcvca o'oock 
 A. M. caft anchor in a fine bay, in 50 fiKhoou water. 
 
 ^. 
 
e iflandi arc 
 bringinK a 
 tin. Thcle 
 la we knew 
 but not one 
 I prices were 
 lake hlmfelf 
 iptains and 
 then of the 
 sof the par- 
 te tic on the 
 e form of a 
 Poulaho 
 thcr, whole 
 attendanttf 
 
 we weighed 
 to the weft- 
 noes, in one 
 nn on board 
 the others 
 : now found 
 for he save 
 from their 
 leir mailing 
 the fliip, he 
 boud. We 
 chief, named 
 CO ; who, as 
 :laring, that 
 >uld Ilecp on 
 ne, his cabin 
 endured the 
 lenty ofpro- 
 ey met with 
 nulerly wind 
 , Ourcourfe 
 } windward, 
 Footooha by 
 day we plied 
 er the Ice ob 
 )Ottom being 
 e leeward, we 
 nd better aiw 
 reached that 
 to anchor in, 
 ds. On the 
 incl between 
 weftward of 
 : wind infuf* 
 e bore up on 
 he S. W. till 
 : we made no 
 iiveoflofing 
 on board, we 
 ictween Foo« 
 ' frefli, with 
 , by a fmall 
 inga-ground 
 I, cncomnd* 
 tunately been 
 Hit, and mod 
 the neceflary 
 cnt and alert' 
 deftru^on, 
 inger. Thii 
 ere on board, 
 
 be put on 
 |ight,a boat 
 unandedher 
 to found foe 
 
 1 from that 
 , we endea« 
 inel between 
 but meeting 
 B obliged to 
 
 fburkaffucs, 
 levea o'clock 
 thenu water. 
 
 ■Ki 
 
 i:i 
 
 ■ ll^ 
 
 
 K 
 
454 
 
 Cupt. C O O K'l VOYAGES C O \< P L E T E. 
 
 i 
 
 
 'u 
 
 n 
 
 j i 
 
 brge failing canoe came under our ftern, in which was 
 a pcrfon named Poulaho, or Futtafaihe, who wat faid 
 by the natives then on board, to be kins of Tongataboo, 
 Annaniooka, Hapaec, and all the neighbouring iHands. 
 We were furprifed to find a ftrangcr dignified with thia 
 title, which we were taiwht to believe appertained to 
 another: but they perfiued in their aflcrtions, that the 
 ,fuprcnie dignity belonged to Poulaho t and now for the 
 firll time acknowledged, that Feenou was not the king, 
 but a fubordinate chief, though of great power. After 
 this explanation, Poulaho was invited by the captain on 
 board, where he was not an unwelcome gueu, as he 
 brought with him two ht hogs by way of prefent. 
 This great pcrlbnage, though not very tall, was ex- 
 tremely unweiMy, and almoftlhapelcfs with corpulence. 
 He appeared to be about forty : his hair was (Iraight, 
 and his features confiderably different from thofe of 
 the majority of his people. Wc found him to be a 
 man of gravity and good fcnfe. He viewed the (hip, 
 and the various new objeds, with a particular atten> 
 tion : and aiked many pertinent qienions. When he 
 had gratified his curiofity in looking at the cattle, and 
 other novelties, he was requeued to walk down into the 
 cabin ; to which fome of his retinue objeded, faying, 
 that, if he fhould go down thither, it would doubtlefs 
 happen that people would walk over his head ; a cir- 
 cumdance that could not be permitted. When this 
 objedion was to be obviated, by ordering that no 
 one ihould prefume to walk over the cabin, Poulaho 
 waved all ceremony and ventured down without any 
 
 f previous (lipulation. He now appeared to be no lets 
 blicitous than his people were, tn convince us that he 
 was fbvcrcign, and not Feenou. He fat down to dinner 
 with us, but eat and drank very little; ^nd afterwards 
 defired the captain to accompany him on (hore. Omiah 
 was alkcd to be one of the partv ; but he was too faith* 
 fully attached to Feenou, to (new much refpedl to his 
 competitor, and therefore declined the invitation. Cap- 
 tain Cook attended the chief in h«s own boat, having 
 firft made him fiich prefcnts as exceeded hi$ expec- 
 tations ; in return for which, Poulaho ordered two 
 more hogs to be fcnt on board. The chief was then 
 carried out uf the boat, by his own fubjcds, on a board 
 rcfcmbling a hand-barrow, and was Icated in a fmall 
 houfe near the fliore. He placcil the captain by his 
 iide; and his attendants formed a fcmi-circlc before 
 them, on the outfide of the houfe. An old woman fat 
 clufe to the chief, w ith a kind of fan in her hand, to 
 prevent his being incommoded with the flies. The 
 various articles which his people had procured by trad- 
 ing on board the fliips, beiilg now difplayed before 
 him. he attentively looked over them all, mquired what 
 they had given in exchange, and, at length, ordered 
 every thing to be rcflored to the refpcdbve owners, 
 except one glafs bowl which he refcrved for hinifclf. 
 The people who paid this refpeifl, firft fquattcd them- 
 fclves down before him, then depofited their purchafes, 
 an; inftantly retired. They obfe rved the fame cere- 
 mony in taking them away, and not one of them pre- 
 funicd to fpeak to him landing. His attendants, juft 
 before they left him, paid him obeifance, by bowing 
 their heads down to the fole of his foot, and touching 
 it w ith the upper and under fide of the fingers of each 
 hand. Captam Cook was charmed with the groveling 
 lubmririon, or, as he termed it, the decorum, that was 
 
 Eaid by the flaves to their mafter on this occafion, 
 aving fcaKC fcen the like any where, even among 
 moie civilized na,tions. Perhaps the captain had never 
 vifited Italy, and feen the ceremony of killing the Pope's 
 toe. The mader bavins returned, informed us, that 
 as&ras he had proceeded, there was a paiTage for the 
 ihips, and tolerable anchorage ; but that, towards the 
 S. and S. E. heobferved numerous fliools, breakers^ and 
 froallifles. In confequcncc of this report, we rcliiiquifli- 
 cd all thoughts of a paflagc this way, and, being re- 
 fblvcd to return to Annamooka by the fame route 
 which we had fo lately experienced to be a fafe one, we 
 flmuld have failed the next morning, which was the 
 28th, if the wind had not been very unfetded t and in 
 (he night w( tud fome hetv/ f<^iMJls, with thunder, 
 
 lightniiMi, and.rain, to which, at times, thefe iflands arc 
 cxpofedt Poulaho came early on board, bringing a 
 red-feathered cap as ft prefent to the captain. Thele 
 curiofitics were greatly fought after by us, u we knew 
 they would be highly valued at Ouhcitei but not one 
 was ever brought for fale, though very large prices were 
 offered t nor could a perfon in either fliip make himfelf 
 the proprietor of one, except the two captains and 
 Omiah. They are compofed of the tail featners of the 
 tropic bird, imertnixed with the red feathers of the par> 
 roquet ; and are made ii>fuch a manner, as to tie on the 
 forehead without any crown j and arc in the form of a 
 femicircle, whofe radius it 18 or 30 inches. Poulaho 
 left the fhip in the evening; but his brother, whofe 
 name was alfo Futtafaihe, and fome of his attendants, 
 remained all night on board. 
 
 On Thurfday the a9th, at day-break, we weighed 
 with a fine breeze at E. N. E. and made fail to the wefl- 
 ward, followed by feveral of the failing canoes, in one 
 of which was Poulaho the king, who, coming on boand 
 the Refolution, enquired for his brother, and the others 
 who had continued with us all night. We now found 
 that they had ftaid without his pemiiflion j for he save 
 them fuch a reprimand as brought tears from their 
 eyes; however, he was foon reconciled to their making 
 a longer ftay ; for on his departure from the fhip, he 
 left his brother, and five attendants on board. Wc 
 Hx:re alfo honoured with the company of a chief, named 
 Tooboueitoa, jufl arrived from Tongataboo ; who, as 
 foon as he came, fcnt away his canoe, declaring, that 
 he and five others who came with him, would flccp on 
 board; fo that the captain had, at this time, his cabin 
 filled with vifitors : this inconvenience he endured the 
 more willingly, as they brought with them plenty of pro- 
 vifions as prefcnts to him, for which they met with 
 f uitable returns. In the afternoon, the eaflerly wind 
 was fucceeded by a frefh breeze at S. S. E. Our courfc 
 being S. S. W. we were obliged to beat to windward, 
 and did but iufl fetch the northern fide of Footooha by 
 eight o'clock in the evening. The next day we plied 
 up to Lopanga, and had foundings, under the lee ot 
 N. W. fide, in 40 fathoms water ; but the bottom being 
 rocky, and a chain of breakers lying to the leeward, we 
 flrctched away for Kotoo, expecting to find better aiw 
 chorage there. It was dark before we reached that 
 ifland, where finding no convenient place to anchor in, 
 we paired the night in making fhort boards. On tha 
 aifi, at dav-break, we ftood for the channel between 
 Kotoo, and the reef of rocks lying to the weftward of 
 it; but on our approach, we fouitd the wind infuf.. 
 
 We therefore bore up on 
 
 I 
 
 ficient to lead us through, we inereiore bon up o 
 the outfide of the reef, and ftrctched to the S. W. till 
 near twelve o'clock, when perceiving that we made no 
 progrefs to windward, and being apprehenfive aTlofing 
 the iflands, while we had fo many natives on boarid, we 
 tacked, ftood back, and fpent the night between Foo« 
 tooha and Kotoo. The wind now blew frefh, with 
 fqualls and rain ; and, during the night, by a fnull 
 chaneeof the wind, wc were very near running a-ground 
 on alow fandy ifle, named Pootoo Pootoa, encompafl 
 fed with breakers. Our people having fortunately been 
 juft ordered upon deck, to put the fhip about, and moft 
 of them being at their refpedtive fhitions,tbe necefliuy 
 movements were performed with juck;emcntandalert« 
 nefs ; and this alone prcferved us from deflrudion. 
 The Difcoveiy being aflem, was out of danger. Thif 
 lurrow efcape fo alarmed the natives who were on board, 
 that they defired with great eamefhief*, to be put on 
 fhore: accordingly, on the return of day-Ji(^t,.a boat 
 was hoiftcd out, and the officer who conunanded her 
 was ordered, after landing them at Katoo. to found foe 
 anchorage along the reef which pn))e(at from that 
 ifland. During the abfence of the boat, we endea* 
 vourcd to turn the fbipt through the channel between 
 the reef of Kotoo and the fandy -iflei but meeting! 
 with a fbpong current againft us, we were oblised to 
 defift. 
 
 On Sunday the i fl of June, difhint about four kasues, 
 we faw the burning mounuim, and about eleven o'docic 
 A. M, caSk anchor in a fine hty, in 50 ftthmu water. 
 
Tficfe 
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 Wlyii«il»Ac^ TheyaiMiw** InthOfhi^i^JI*' 
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 jMiuihAied ibt fevanl pbettwhM wc. hul Ami 
 ISowd ottumber fcedii hiij fc"'*^w l^ifw* 
 .lteM«»Mhrt moft of Aem had boeft damM^mm ; 
 wmdn J thOi# fome pin«.appl«« which had alfefaeMi 
 kft,.weiti<i.athiivtag condition. ' ■ , 
 
 Fddtarlhii^/ldioutnoon, Feenoaaarrivcd ffom 
 •VaaEpdSnibriMd 01 that fevenl caa^MiJadcnwiih 
 hmmi^^pi^^ ftiled with. hink«tam 
 iSUMk to biid1)flm m hear Apfijr, the ifladdin 
 tridi^iiiWitav n'M^P'ii^ *** ficoatcd, in the laie 
 mililtaaM wiiSer. «*i fW peribnon hoaiAthMn 
 had^cikhed. IW roelaaeboiy ttle did not gun 
 fliudNKdit«iihi»» il we were bvithit time fafficien% 
 with thechanAer of the relator. The troth 
 
 _«, that he'had been unable m proeure At 
 
 Jis^m^Od expeaed fapptia) or. if he Obtained any 
 ili ili iAto li t hadlcft than at Hapaee. which Im iai hb 
 wulyil^^ wheM htiwift have heaUdthit Brtiiaho 
 MSS^vHit liei vtefbeieftie. hiftnewpwHld. 
 — — ^ "egk^ipall A* mellt andmnNHd #|md- 
 mSSt» witliout ha»ir ^-^ ^ — ' ' 
 
 SSmmSw b#i^ iha^ichicM»S9r«>(>M <>f 
 IW isit4t!A^t l^f «^ *" iatUAed with GMah'a ia^ 
 tarani^tiMi of ki howcvet'. from whiit we obArved^ 
 wf wfm.ibfQi«iihp undacaivad at toKMou'i rank. 
 ||i| thanking and Feenou accompanied the captain 
 ,Mf;tWli4t» dianari but Pwlaho only <at at table. 
 .fwaUMf aflfr having made hbobetCmce in the ufual 
 tmlt,m fthitiiv the foot of hi* fovcreign with hit 
 head ami hand*, ntirtd from the cabin i ind it now 
 aplpiatad, that he could neteher eat nor drink in the 
 luM'i Bfafence. 
 
 On Sindbiy th« tth. at risht o'ckieki A. M. w« 
 wridhad anchor, Md let fiiil for Tongauboo, or Am^ 
 fl«Mnii Idind. having a griitle brceve, at N. E We 
 weic accompanied by 14 of ij Ailing veflTeta, belong- 
 ing 1» the uUrtder*, every one of which oUt-ran the 
 (nni«i Fecnmi wa* to have uken hi«paflaee in the 
 IwMntifln J but preferred hi* owncanoe ( and put two 
 n^miilaardt *» pilot*, to condiiA ut to the belt an. 
 I. 11m royal canoe wu diftinguiflied from the 
 
 'i 
 
 r(l0;\lfutnM\mnikoSgn^ of a red colour, faftened 
 l9^|l|e«Mt of a pole, and fixed in the Hem. in the tuM 
 .tnanner aa OMr cnflgn ftafli. At Ave in the afternoon 
 ^defcfted tim finaU iflandi, at the diftance of four 
 
 tyguiw td Ihe w^waidM One iMi called by our two 
 Mm HtMgi riapie<!» and the«ther Hoongp Tonga^ 
 lliliy anfltuated in th« latitude of 30 deg. 36 mtn. S. 
 >anii«h0u%JiD league* from the weftem point of An- 
 haittMit, bfr^ dite^Mon of S. ^ d«g. W. W^ wete 
 "pU fliuy ftiril menfdRded.onnoongaHapacei and 
 'sjRu^- iiponga Tonga had no inhtbiunu. We con'* 
 tbMied a S. yf. courfe till two o'clock, A. M. of the 
 ^Ih, when we liiw tcvetal little iflanda, beyond which 
 mpearodEooa and Tongauboo. We now had 35 fa- 
 tnomi water, with a bottom of broken coral and Tend 1 
 aiWll^ depth giaditallv dccralfcd,a*we approached the 
 .abcMk Mnttionad fMall ifle*, which lie langed along the 
 R'B. fide of Tonnaboo. Steering by the dirccUoii 
 of ou|i t«4. pilot*. Tor the wideftfpace between thofe 
 ilka, m t*tt Infenfibly dhiwn upon a large flat, upon 
 whkh % innumerable rock* of coral, below the fur- 
 ftce^of ithe fea. Notwithftanding our boau were 
 foundima-head, and our utmoll attention and care to 
 avoid thofe rock*, we were uiwble to prevem the Refo^ 
 Uitionfrom ftrikii^ on one of them: nor did the IXf- 
 coveiy, though at our ftcm, eftape better. Happy for 
 .M it wa*> that we had day-light and fine weather. Sy 
 skwpiag Oe AUa todwrojut^ and li|^itening the (hip 
 jwlv we fwaycd htroflT'. and it fbruuatdy happened, 
 .dUOOJ^thepratc^Sonof an ov^r-tuling providem^, 
 .^&ithei>Hif the (hip* fiuck fiift, nor fuflained any 
 idamaBB* We now heldon our cpurft, and the moment 
 .wCjfawapUcewhevewecouki anchorwithanydegreeof 
 dMel]K<.Wecame jtoi and the mafter* were difpatched 
 jiMih tlie boati lolbund. Span, after we had call an^ 
 cAiar«;|cn«nlofthenativeaofTo^piBb0ocame-to ua 
 ta Aieir jeaiwfa» afliiring u*. that we ihpuld meet with 
 deefwaterfiirther in, free fmm rocks. Their imeUigence 
 Wa* tka(ei.fiM!, about fburo'ckKk. theboat* madea ugnal 
 lof MMintfound gend anchnringg^tiundi We ther^xe 
 4i^ffiMt0iti imd inriU dark! when we unchortdin 
 IdneftdMKmwftter, with aclearfiHMi|rbot«f|ii. Dwring 
 <ha,^^ we had fwne laiRf but euly iadtembndiw^ 
 i|»i«wmd became inttheriy* and briaKbig «b< ftir 
 , we,webhad4iMia. aad|iid»«C«^ruda thtf 
 Towptafai. Wl^iW%.eain|pi3 plfaqc tm 
 V the, kiwi Ihcywotly fti^w^fcnd ui in hia 
 ' w^AnaMahAtfttMi^'gfeat itnm« 
 (jIMii. thi»,flte|. ; TWO of dwA 
 '^— itEthftlaJift. vedU. he^ 
 
 'tbe-'IMUMtai wrii'^jEij£ 
 i1*GiptaiiftGi^vtMf lilv^S 
 
I 
 
 4S6 
 
 Ckpt. COO K'* V O Y A 
 
 
 ■} I 
 
 II ; 
 
 0B8 OOMPLBTB. 
 
 VOMO^ UM MM TM«W, 
 
 idMrhimMfM Opttiil 
 NMghi jniim Mid ■ ln|» 
 
 TMi|MabM i» Mt pNecding rtjtgtt and MM Tm^, 
 who had, M that dmik Mucr 
 Fumnui. Eich af them hwwghl , _ 
 
 in Mnimonif of RkHdBiMi' Ibf which nny lecnvtd ■ 
 iblul)ie fMffm Wt aiwftd y ear tawadrf ilidwi I 
 •bai|t ifM'o'chielt in ih^fAMnoon of tht loth. It «m 
 t my convcnicntpUcr. formed hythvihorrorTongi- 
 Mboo on the Sb E. and two fmul iflMon the B. and 
 ri« £• rlcre bwi (rapt tncnoNd over • lindy bottonii 
 whcK the depth of wtter wm io fathonw. Our dif- 
 tonec from flwre exceeded a quarter of a mil*. We 
 • were inftantly furtounded bjr mttivea, who cmm Io 
 welcpme m, and fccmed oveijojred at our arrlvai. It 
 luu not been uncommon with nme c omptlera- of tojt- 
 
 get, to ftigmacixe thefe' iftmdbn with liw name of 
 viKci, than which no appellation can he worfe ap- 
 jiiea,for» more civiKxed pe«pl* dv not eiiA under 
 the fun. During the whole time of our ftajr, wedid 
 'not fee one inftancc of dtforder anm^ them, noe one 
 nerfon puniflted for any mildemeanor by their cMefi. 
 wefaw butrewquarrel»among indWiduahr<m thecon. 
 trary, much mirth and feeming harmony were obfirrva- 
 ble. Highlv delighted with their flimra and hcivai. 
 they rpend their time in vkind of hmuriou* indolence, 
 ' where aU labour a little, but none to eKeik The king 
 paddleihimfelf in his canoe, thoufrii he miiA have a 
 •ow>tow t»hclp him t» eat. This icem» ftraqge to an 
 European, as it reduccaarman to the condition of a 
 child : and yet it is but one Nmove from what we fire 
 daily pradHled before our eyest The gentleman has his 
 table fprcdd, his food of various forts fet before 
 ■ him ; hat all his- apparatus made Kadv. his bread cut. 
 his meat carved, am his piaic fomiflied i he has his 
 drink handed to him, and in (hort, everv thinkwhich 
 the tropical king has, except only conveying hisnod to 
 his mouth, which the- chief thinks may ai well be done 
 by his tow>tow. Yet the omiirion of this flnsle adt of 
 lianJinK his meat and drink to his mouth, orings a 
 term ofreproach upon the chief, though, by the handi- 
 nefs of his fcrvanu in the fervice* of the table, the Eu- 
 ropean gaina the chaeadter of the peNte gentleman. 
 Such and fo flendfer are the refmemenu of nations t 
 the barriers that divide indolence from fumptuoulhefs i 
 and the fimpiicity of a tropical chief from the magni* 
 ' ikence of an European Pnnee. 
 
 in the afternoon. Captain Cooi^ attended by Omiah, 
 •feme oAkera, and othergemlemcii, hnidcd on the ifland 
 •r Tongauboo. We found the king waitiM our ar- 
 rival on the beach, who, when we landed, conidudbd us 
 CO a fmall neat houfo near the•wood^ having an exten- 
 five area before it t this, he told the captain, was-at his 
 forvice, during Ilia eoiKinuance jn the iflami Before 
 we had beert fong inthrhoide,* brge circle of then*, 
 lives had aflcmblcd, and featcd themfehrcs on the area. , 
 ArootoftheKava-plant beiiiBbi«ughltoihelihK,he 
 commanded that it fhonM be Iptit hito pieceat mtdM' 
 tributed o» foveral people of both feaes. who bqpm 
 to chewit. andfoonpitpaieda bowl of their fovouritc 
 Kquor. Mean while*, a baked hoa,and a quantity of 
 bdud yams were produced, anddivided into te» por- 
 tions. Thefe iham were given to fome of diole who 
 wereprefent. except one. whidi remained tudUjpafod 
 of. and which prabaUy waaielerved for the ki% Mm- 
 feif. The liquor wa» next ferved aut» and the foft 
 cup beii^ brought to the king, he oidcied it to be given 
 to a pcrfon who fot near him: the fecond was alfe 
 bfpught to him. which he kept : thethiid l a a p a ifai t t d 
 10 captain Cooki but their mode of fteeparing Ae 
 Kquar having difipifted hint, it waa kandcd wOmiah. 
 . The Nraaiader oTit was dUMbuted tadifbcac peopkt' 
 «id one of the anabeii^ carried t»fbuhh(/» bradier. 
 he Kiired with dua, and widi hie fliawof thepaoeiflMW, 
 .Cdwro alfo withdicaaffrom the ciide wkh iheivpOK 
 ^tkms. becauft they coHid neidier eat noc drink in Ks 
 -nadefly't pielbioe : but dwic wete ftme of an J^iA^ 
 itaJiiwho^both^atiinddwnklieforehim. *— ^*" 
 the greater put of them w«lltawi^.^fl^ * « 
 whttthey^hadMCeMMofdwihaieafthilbaft. Wc 
 •Moved, thac4keictvanli whodiftiibMgd Aei«^ 
 and the IU««r d>tt««iid tbon ~ ' 
 3 ' / 
 
 tollMMlln «fc»«tM piMMNrjii Mtt |iit 
 
 viawab «r ihi diM. Tka 
 
 placf^ 
 which liw 
 tmce inland- 
 
 dHitheMillMid ^ifka^medao, acartrMch tHa 
 IMm weae IhKionadL CMAIbettcr ABpif ^iinaMtaM 
 artklii IJt w««t •verioli, and fountf tlMta MoTcim. 
 tainhMjifciber water than amr we had Bill with aoMMt 
 thefoflkndik TMa poot beiqg extrnmiy miiddf . ha 
 caulhdit to be cIcMiftd i and here it waathitwvflbd 
 ourwatoMafta, Tlie fome momlM; a teat waepitdi. 
 ed near the houfo wMclk tkekbig haaa%iwd for our 
 ufe. Thrhorfoi^catde. and dieep, were ilMttlaaded, . 
 andapartyofmarbicaibttonedtheraaaafiiaid. The 
 obfervatorv was fot up at an inoMifldenSle dUtane* 
 fVom another tent i and Mir. King twk up Ma rcOdenca 
 on OwK. to diredl the obforvadfona, and fbpeiiniend 
 all other neccflary buflnea. A party waa Aaliancd to 
 cut wood for foet. and planks for ihefliinii andthe 
 gunners were appointed to condua tht laaffic with the 
 
 inhabitants, who flockwi fron» alt naita of 
 widi hogs, yams, cocoa^uts. andf other artidea. in. 
 foniuch, that our land>(fauion icfemblcd a foir.and our 
 (hips were remarkably crouded with viikants. Fcenou 
 redding in our neiglibourhood, we had daily jn«o6 of 
 his gencroHty and opulence, by die contfaiuatfon of his 
 valuable donations. Foulaho was equally attmtive H> 
 us in this refpeift, as fcarcely a ihnr pafled without hi» 
 fiivoariiw us with confidcrable prerents. We were now 
 informed, that a pcrfon, named Mareewagee wu of veiy 
 high rank in the ifland, and was treated with great re« 
 verence i nay if our interpreter. Omiah, liid not mifun- 
 derlland his informers, that he waa fuperiar i»FoHiahi» 
 himfelfi but that, being advanced in yean, he lived in 
 retirement, and therefore was not incKned to pay n* a 
 viflt. This intellisence havingotcited the curiofty of 
 
 1 1th, in the pinnace, Ckpuin Gierke joining them in 
 one of hia ownboats. They then pioceeded tothe 
 etftward of the UuleiOea which foim the hatbour. and 
 turning tawarda riw fouch, entered a fpacious bay, u» 
 which they rowed about three mike, and landed amidfk 
 a great concowfe of peopir, who received them with 
 fliouu and acchmationa. The crowd inftandy &fm- 
 rated,that lAMlaho mis^t pal^ who toolt oar matle. 
 men ineo a fmall encMwre, and then the Ui^ ciSu^gad 
 die piece of cfoth he wor^ for a new niece, very niatly 
 Iblded : an old woman aflBKqg fn oreffing bun, and 
 put a hige mat over his cloth. BeiM now uliedt where 
 Mareewagee was, to our great fuipiift,befaid, that ha 
 WHganecfownteour Aqpa^ He now icquelbRi ua o» 
 acoompuiyhimtoa nadaee,arJioufo ofpitblkieforci 
 and when we came to alaigearea beforek, heftated 
 himfelf i0 the path, whife, u bk defiie, «• walked i^ 
 tothefaaufo,andfatdownindiefi«mt AAerwaiting 
 a little wMie, we repeated .our aiquirie8,bythejQediuin 
 of Ondah, whether we wcMlo be ihtroduced la bibu 
 reewagief But laceiviiig no fotkftdhiry anTwer, and 
 bebwftncliMd to fu^^diat the aged chief wai pinw 
 pafi^oMcWed fioni ua^ we returned to dM.boata 
 etaidi pi<VMd at onr difoppointmeat. It aftorwaida 
 Mipeaieid thgt M ar e a wtft e had not been there; and 
 tbot.llll%<«edi^, fime gro& miihdccc had been made. 
 Olmiiili#nf*»havttigbeen mifinformcd^or having niiC> 
 ^ uJillhWd^ f b i r wna told him cptcerning the oljtchiefc 
 ilhiUt^iinnrwn, the place Mjamt to waa a veiy 
 lUighi&ilr MM Ml tb» bMdu fk 
 
 Wtm {Oral RMe. Each of dwftr hilhSllSaSlSft 
 ttMJI'of • ItellpbeitatMMi. with cithMiiftiWd oCota 
 
 fHitfr ' "riiiwtiwit-'"'"^r>- iwithf ftftprf 
 
 jomid^ 
 
COOK'i THIRD iai tAlT f&tltoltl'fi t^ PACtM6'oeBAN» Ik. Jjf" 
 
 mm k 4d0r ftmtoea mt imwnii wwi ■ piww w«w. 
 Benrctn nth plaiitttiMi in w^k iomU Ind mmm 
 
 iTi-i-i-.-^ ta^jM .ft «i«.>«\ knd nlaititeii ^fah; fltfh ■ thlma 
 
 othir BlMMiiaM M wtmwl Ifct nAdeMre efpCffbiw cir 
 hiRh Miitii. Wrtj* «tklt <jf Hie ngetMt prod(ic« of 
 the UlMid «M In gmc plcmy. Near the gteai nMi . 
 Mt feme hufe houftt, with (bttiout gniA.DMi bclbic 
 Ihein, whkh were (kid to bcbng to the kliiRt nul ti* 
 MMteblV die placei where puUk adinnblke or the peo» 
 SewtMld. 
 
 Frww the . nth, sbout noon, Mareewngee t^anb 
 within elliMai iflftance of our pod on ihett» ittcndii!^ 
 kf • ptu number of pedpic ctf ell nnke. , Iii th^ 
 coMrft of the afternoon, the two ctpulm. and othcn of 
 •Hrgcmlemcn. •cconmwiied bjr PieMou, went iAwM to 
 viOc him. we fbund a grave peribn fitting under t 
 crae, with a piece of chith about 40 fioda tMig.j[|Mead 
 bcmehlm. round which numbcradf people were flMill. 
 We flippoftdthtetobedieiEreatpcriMefr.lwt wm 
 lalbmmlbf Fecnou. that another whowaa JhftHif din 
 • ^e of mat, waa Marcewagee. To him we were 
 Introihieedb and he received ua verx grtdouAjr* Thli 
 chief, who <wa* aNh under a tree, wit rtiuhed Toobou, 
 whom we HaH call old Toobou, to diftii^fll hMi 
 ftom bit name-Take, who hat tlteudy been mentioned 
 a* Captain Fumcaux'i firiend. Both he and Maitewa- 
 gee were ^nerable in their appearance. The latter 
 wai (lender in hit perfon, and (cemed to be near 70. 
 yean of age. Old Toobou, who defired ua to flf down 
 hf him. waa. fomewhat corpnient, knd alnioft hitAtf 
 fiomadUbiderinhiaeyet. TheCraialni noc^xpiO.' 
 liy on th)i occalhNii 10 meet witn two chiffti,' had, 
 ^eoughran (hord »pi«(knt(br only one^ thit, tMi«- 
 ^ , n« waff Mliged to divide between them 1 bllt, ii if 
 
 ppcned tote MMtflderable, both of them appittrcd to 
 •.elatiriled. Our party now entertahied tMemabonc an 
 hour with two French homt and a dnmit'Mk INit t^M' 
 off oneor Captain Oeilfiifockec-pMDb IMikd'W 
 pkMfe them tnMi Beftn we 'tbofc iMive >oiF'tlfe nhT 
 chjeik. the'fam^i'picce of cfathWM veiled 'up iMlprei^ 
 ftiitedio Captain Cook, togu^r with a thrcotite^Mrtt. 
 On the )4thi Old Tooboueame on beMfd toittom oor' 
 viiit: he aMb went on board the DKcoVervi and if otti* 
 Inrmer prefent wat' not ftrftfclently coniidcMMe, the' 
 deficiencjr waa now Ai|q>lied. In the iiMaA iiini, 
 Mhueewagee went tofte Our peooU who WcM IfatrtMw 
 on fboKt and Mr. King (hewed him whatev^#e liid 
 there. He waa (Inick vnth admirtthm at thd fia^t of 
 thrcattie 1 and the ci«A-cut (kw rivetted hit attcntiKM. 
 TowatdenobnPoulahecamcon biond, brii^ing with' 
 him hk ifon. who *aa about twelve jreari ^age. The 
 kinadined with Captain Cooki blit the Jb^ tfknMh 
 paciMt, wakinot peimiitad to Ac doimbf ItiM. ' 'ihe^ 
 captainfeimd it very coaveniem to Mm« Rtuldid ibr 
 hit guefti (or, whenever he'waa pteAmt, wl^ Bi- 
 qucntiv happened, every oihcr native waa ticcltided 
 (run the tathe : whereu, if neither hit nor FeemM wcit 
 on.boini, the chieft of in(erior rank Wcrb veVy impoik 
 tunateto be of the dining tMny)«rta» Us admitted it 
 that dnte Unto the cabin^ iMch hecttme cMfeouattly 
 veifinieh crowded. The1(in||(>iriufi>oii«ei»A^edte) 
 our cookery, and waa fond of dor wine. He now ic- 
 fided at'the makwe near our tent, wheire he 'tMaevmiiHt 
 entcnainedourpeoplewitha daiicerin.whidih#irii^ 
 (el^ thoH|^(b^«orpiilemam: unireikl]y;iiaMMNi«' 
 ,fiundi7thei5dk intheiaa(nii^.C4»dii^^o^ le. 
 
 cto«i;n meifiminm OUlMMi. impdMHi ^nt „,„ _ ^, , .„ 
 
 hK^tteaiaaeofMiiwhimta(ho«H Me indOiteah^ IbAtihg with two fticlw 
 aeeoiMf wntaionfliatdfieC whom they (blind He. "" 
 
 tot flbset,:ilkmmMtilifi-^:\ 
 Oiiii«h -»iMi>.«iM.»w fc|ja*at|-./(^ 
 
 (eaihetsi;e«m(kinit(d<liiiili'jftn»te> 
 
 IMllil^ ifal fcli li'llfl **^- -° 
 
 tWfUWQpBWSnBIPOMB 
 
 jMo. s<> 
 
 ly^ho, iW kit the capiaM. wiM 
 
 P9vm», thttt raiing Fattabihc, ih« 
 
 Metjm, He imnwdiaicly obeyed 
 
 iauihtlwdrceniMioNi aAd, on the other, a bikii 
 WW! A if^tnde of pc6pte (kt round the clX 
 «mM|g whom waa Maiccwagee. with other pcr&M dC 
 niik. "nccajptiln waa reimefted to feat himlWf ^; 
 thenrlneci and then OmUh informed him. that hai 
 hid Mm inAroacdl^ Ftoulaho to tell him. that at (lia 
 nMibaMd^ ( apuln were frkndi. he hnxd thak 
 Mi (M Ftittaftihe might be comprehtmd^ in thia 
 tinkw I Md that the captain, ai a teftimony of hit con* 
 Rn^ wouU accept of the prinee't prefent. Our com* 
 m|Uid«f icadihr agreed to thia propoTal. and invited all 
 th^clliMfrto dimTwtth him on board. According^ 
 
 2!*'™?f^*'5?'^ ■''«***• Mweewagee, thiM or 
 
 tm (bfa^rditetechkfi. and two old ladiet of high raniu 
 
 accbrndaillcd m to the (hfp. Mareewa|tee waa dijiircdl 
 
 in i new piece if cloth, with fix patches ofred feathcra 
 
 Vlt the fltlrti of it. Thit dreft wat probably made on 
 
 purpofe tor thit vifit , for at foon «i he arrived on 
 
 toaid, he put it off, and |)re(bnted it to our capuin: 
 
 , When dhinerwat ferved up. not one of them would even 
 
 fit down, or cat 4 morfcl of arty thing, at they were all 
 
 taboo, they (kid) which word, though it ha« a very com- 
 
 p^henfivc roqinii^ fignifiet, generally, that a thing ia 
 
 prohibited. Why they were thua reiirained at prt- 
 
 lenr, waa not accounted (or. Having nude prefeott Ift 
 
 tHeiU Hn, and gnittflhl their curiority, by (hewing thenjik' 
 
 eVBry* |jalt oflhe flilp. the captain conduilctT theni 
 
 afliore. When' dw boat had reached the land. Eeenou2 
 
 widAvetal otheri, immt^ately fitpped out: and the! 
 
 yottB| p rince fiillowing then*, was called ^ck by Nfo" 
 
 awwfifi^ who now paid the heir apparent the faibe. 
 
 owUNce which the king was uccuKomed to receives 
 
 aAffiWhetVOId Toobou, and one of the Mies., had 
 
 HttiMiiHNi him With the fiune thiirks of rcfped, he 1^ 
 
 Mfimd ttt'land. After thit c^re^MMiy, the old peop(«' 
 
 (Kerned oii^ of tti^boat into a cande, which was waitmg' 
 
 to'Chnvey iHem rd their place' of refidence. Capuin 
 
 i Ctok waa pleafcd at being pr<(feftt on this occalion, a^ 
 
 jhe waa thus fumi(hed with the moft convincing proola^ 
 
 |of thejnipremedignityor Fbufaho'and hit fon. By thia 
 
 itlme, likiUcd, we had gained fome certain information 
 
 I with' legird tb the jferaiiVt fitiiation of Ctveui chieft. 
 
 ! We nbwlnKw^, that OM Toobou and Martewagec were 
 
 brothen. Both of them were men of confidenble pro- 
 
 ptMf, ihd^iiifliigh elUi^tion' with the peopl^Ma- 
 
 ree#Mee. in iiaMcular, had'obutned the honourable 
 
 iiiSSg^*^'*"^ ***** Tonga, Sjhhrh impliet, father of 
 
 ;:T»#, oriifc coiintty. We alio wnr under(tood. that 
 
 hejNa the king% frdler-faiUUw, Poulaho having ef- 
 
 gotwd oneof hia daughtera. by jwhom he had .ybiiitt 
 
 FlMtafiiihc t-ib that Muvewagee wat grand-father to the 
 
 ' ?!™fL ■ ^' '' Fkenou, he *at «ie of the font of Ma- 
 
 j I*?^!'^^ Topc^eltoa wat another. On landing, 
 
 i«p louna Fbciaho in the houle adjoining to our tent, 
 
 «^ imAieAatcIf made Captain Cook a prefent of » 
 
 ,hu^^ ij'quahti^ of yama. Towarft evening »' 
 
 ' niinwer iafthe iflandimcame, and having feated thenw 
 
 . fq^J W'clrete. fung in concert with the mufic of 
 
 »5SI5*^ i?™'' *'"*^'* ^'^^ placed in the centre. 
 
 JS'? '9'^"*'" *"* '""VS """• '^ **° *«•* (hort, 
 
 WMi:tM(l( they ftnick the ground end-wifo. Ther« 
 
 ^ W(tic two othcn that lay fide hy fide on the ground, one 
 
 lor'IM'hidp wat partly fplit: on thefe a perfon continued 
 
 two ftickt. They fung three fongt during 
 
 theemertabiment kfted. alVer we fcft them! 
 
 O^kck. For light, they burned the leavet of 
 
 pilni. In the mean rime Mr. Anderfon, with 
 
 «^ jtntlrmet^ made ancxcurfion intb tte 
 
 " ^tHSSJJS* fi*™i'M *|th the followic^ 
 
 ^r. '^ Wmiiua, of 1^ tent, the cdimtry Ibr' 
 
 t«(|inileii ia^HKire^ uneulpvaied; thoiidi co- 
 
 i^wf. Bbyonraittaprct^liugepiaiii 
 
I 
 
 4J8 
 
 Cape. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 Iff 
 
 extend* icfcir, on which arc rocoa-ireci, and Ibinc fnull 
 plantations. Near the creek, which runa wcO of the 
 tent, the land i» pe rfcii^lv Hal, and partl)r ovcr-Howcd 
 every tide by the Tea. \Vhen the wiien retire, the 
 furfjce it Teen to confift of coral rock, interfperfcd 
 with holei of yeltowHh mud i and near the ed^, where 
 it la rather more firm, are vail numl>cri of little ODcn> 
 ingi, whence IfTue innumerable ftiull rrab«, which 
 (Warm upon the fpot, but arc fo very nimble, that, when 
 approached, they inftantaneoudy difappear, and baffle 
 all the dexterity of the nativei who endeavour to catch 
 them. At thi* place it ^ work of art, which teftiAca 
 fonie degree of ingcnuir jnd pcrfcverance. On one 
 fldc it a narrow caufcway, which, gradually increafing 
 m breadth, rifei with a gentle afcent to the height of 
 to feet, where ita breadth ia live pacei, the whole 
 length heiiig about 74 pacet. Adjacent to thit ii a 
 kind of ciniii, jo pacet in diameter, about one or two 
 feet higher than the cauTrway that joint iti and in the 
 middle of thi* circut fotnetrcet are planted. On the 
 oppoHte flde, vwthcr caufcway dclccndt, which it 
 partly in ruini, and not above 40 paces in Icnath. The 
 whnic It built of large coral-ftunes, with earth on the 
 fbrfacc, overgrown with flirubs and low trees. From 
 the marks ot decay in feveral places, it is probably of 
 feme antiquity : but it feems to Ite of no fcrvice at 
 prefent, whatever may have been its ufe in former 
 times. All that could be learnt of the natives was, 
 that it was called Etchee, and belonged to Pbulaho, the 
 king. 
 
 Monday the i6th, in the morning, Captain Cook, 
 Mr. Gore, and others, took a walk into the country 1 
 in the courfc of which we met with an opportunity of 
 feeing the whole proceft of making c'oth, ine principal 
 manufaAure of this ifland, aa well ns of many others 
 in the South Sea. An account of this operation as per- 
 formed at this place, may nut imprn|>erly befubjoined 
 heie. The manufiniturcrj, who are of the ft male fex, 
 take the flender nalksor trunks of the pa^Kr mulberry, 
 which rarely grows niorc than fcvcn fqct in height, 
 Mid about tne thickneft of four fuigcn. From tnefc 
 fralks they ftrip the bark, and krape off the exb:rior 
 rindj after which the bark is rolled up, and mflccratcd 
 for fome time in water: it is then beaten with a fquarc 
 inftrumcnt of wood, full of coarllc grooves,, but fome- 
 limcs with a plain one. The operation it often repeat- 
 ed by another perfont or the bark is folded feveral 
 thncs, and beat longer, which i» probably intended to 
 clofe rather than divide ita texture. It isthenfprcad 
 out to. dry s the pieces being from four to fix or fcven 
 feet in length, and about half a» broad. Thcfc pieces 
 are joined by fmearing part of them with the glutinous 
 juice of a berry, called toooi and after being thus 
 lengthened, they are placedover a large piece oi wood, 
 with a fort of (tamp, compofed of a hbroua fubftance, 
 laid beneath them. The manufacturers then take a 
 bit of cloth, anil having dipped it in a juice exprefcd 
 from the bark of a tree, called Kokka, rub it brilkly 
 over the piece that is making. This Ic-vcs upon thie 
 furfacc a dry glbfs,.and a dull brown cokiuri and the 
 ftamp makes, at the fame time, a flight impreflion. 
 Thus they proceed, joining and ftaining by degrees, till 
 a piece of cloth, of the rcquifite length and breadth, is 
 
 E reduced. They generally leave a border, about a foot 
 road, at the fides, and rather kinger at the ends, un- 
 flained. If any parts of the original pieces have holes, 
 or are too thin, they glue fpare bits upoa them, till their 
 thickncfs equals that of the reft. Whenever they are 
 dcfirous of producing a black colour, they mix the 
 juice of the Kokka with the foot procured from an oily 
 nut, called doocdooe . They alTcrt, that the black cloth, 
 which isufually moft glazed, makes a cold drefst but 
 the other a warm one. On our return, we met with 
 Feenou, whom wc took with us, and another young 
 chief, on board to dinner; which when fepvcd up, 
 neither of them would eat a morfch faying that they 
 were uboQ avv t but when they founds that, nkdrefling 
 the pig and fome yams, no avy (or water) had been 
 made ufe of, they bom (at down, and eat very heartily : 
 they dhuik alfo our wine, on being alSitcd no watu wa« 
 
 in it I from whence wc inferred, that they were at ihia 
 time, lor f<mtc' particular rcafun, forHiJdcn to ufe 
 water 1 or thst, prrhapi, they did not like the water we 
 then ufed, it being taken out of oneoftlic placca «hcr»- 
 in the iflanders bathed. 
 
 Tuefday (he i7th, wu flxcd upon by Martewage* 
 for giving a grand haiva, or enleriaininent, and we 
 were all this day invited to attend. Bcfun the tempo- 
 rary hut of this chief, attd nc ir our land Oation, « 
 large fpace had been cleared fur that purpoTe. In the 
 morning vaft numbers of the natives came in from the 
 country, every one of whom Iwre on his (boulder a long 
 pole, at each end of which a yam was fiifpcndeJ. 
 Thcfc poles and yanw being ilt-polited on each llde of 
 the open fpace, or ares, lormcd two large heaps, piled 
 up to the greateft advantage, and dccorited with fmall 
 filh of varKMH kind*. They wiTc a prefciu from Ma- 
 recwagee to the two Captains Cook »nt\ Clerke. The 
 necellary pre|wrations being loide, the iflandcri begin 
 about eleven o'clock, to exhibit thofe dances which 
 they call Mai. I'hc band of nwlic, at flrft, confifted 
 of 70 men u a chorus, amidft whom were placed three 
 inftruments, which we called drums, though they did 
 not much rcfemble them. They are cylintlncal piecea 
 of wood, from three to four iccc in length, foiiK of 
 them, trunks of trees, twice as thick as a man uf ordi. 
 niry line, and fonic finaller. They are entirely hollow, 
 but clofe at each cmi, and open only bv a ehink, about 
 three inches in breadth, runeing nearly the length of 
 the drum. By this opening the reft of the trunk is hoU 
 lowed) which muft bean operation of (bmedilttculty. 
 Thitmulkal inllrumcnt it called bvthe natiyes Naftiit 
 and having the chink turned towards them, they fit and 
 beat vigoroufty upon it, with two cylindrical pieces of 
 wood, as thick a* the wrift, and about a foot in length, 
 by which mcana a rude, but loud and powerful found 
 ij produced. They vary at intervals, and occallonallv 
 the ftrength and rare of their beating, and likcwile 
 change the tones, by beating towards the end or mid- 
 dle <N the inftrumem. 
 
 In the Arft dance were four ranks of 14 men each; 
 Thcfe held in their hands a finall thin wooden inftru- 
 ment, about twofect in length, refembling in its iliape 
 an oblong paddle. With thefc inftrumcnu, which are 
 called pagge, they nnade different motions i fuch as 
 painting then> to the ground on one fide, and, at the 
 fame inltant, inclining their bodies the fame wayi 
 then (hiftlne them to the oppoTue IkJe in the fame 
 munncr, and with fimilar inclinations 1 palling them 
 with great quicknefs from one hand to the other, and 
 twirling them about with remarkable dexterity, and 
 virious mununivres. Their motions, which were flow 
 at firft, quickened at the drums beat fiiftert and 
 they repeated fentences the whole time in a mufical 
 tone, which were anfwered by the chorus t but in a 
 (hort time they all joined, and ended with a ibout. 
 After a ccflation of a few minutes, they began as be- 
 fore, and continued with Ihort intervals, upwards of* 
 quarter of an hour t. and then the rear rank dividing, 
 moved flowly round each end, met in the front, aiia 
 formed the (irft rank t during which movementt the 
 whole number of perfnttnera continued to recite fen» 
 tences. The other ranka did fuccdPively the fame, till 
 that which was fovemoft bccime the rean and this evo- 
 lution did not ceafe till the kit ranit regained iu former 
 fituation. A much Quicker dance, though (low at (irit. 
 WM then begun, and they Aing for ten minutea, when 
 the whole body, in a two.fold diredion, retreated, 
 and then advanced, forming nearly a circular figure, 
 which conclude the dance « the cnorui retiring, and 
 the drum* being removed at the (iime time. In the 
 fecond dance, were 40 men as a chorus, with onlv two 
 drumat and the dancers, or rathei aAors, confilted of 
 two ranks, the foremoft of which had 17 perfons, and 
 the other tc. Feenou wu in the middle of the fird 
 rank, which ia confUered, on thefe occafions, as the 
 principal place. They danced and repeated fimteacet, 
 with very (hort intervals, for half an hour,, fometimea 
 flowly, and at other timet quickly, vlth the highe(t dc'. 
 gicc of txaiStOM& and regularity. Towafda the dote. 
 
COOKi THIRD and LA8T VOYArjE— To (he I'ACII IC OCEAN, tec. 459 
 
 tte It thta 
 en to ufe 
 c water we 
 cct where- 
 
 utewtget 
 nt, iind we 
 he tempo- 
 
 rtalion, K 
 r. In th« 
 
 from (he 
 liler a long 
 (iifpeniitd. 
 ach iMe of 
 eapi, piled 
 with iinall 
 from Ma- 
 rkc. The 
 jcr* began 
 ncc$ which 
 \, conlil\cd 
 lUvCd three 
 h they did 
 rical piece* 
 h, fotiK of 
 nn i>t ordi- 
 rely hollow, 
 hink, about 
 le Icn^h ot 
 :runk u hoU 
 iiediiVtculty. 
 (iye* Nati'a t 
 thry fit and 
 :al ptcc'ct of 
 X in length, 
 rerful found 
 occaflonally 
 Mid likcwile 
 end or mid- 
 
 y men each* 
 todcn inftru> 
 
 in iu tliape 
 U, which are 
 KM I fuch aa 
 and. at the 
 : fame wayt 
 in the fame 
 pailrng them 
 kc other, and 
 rxterity. and 
 ich were flow 
 
 fader ( and 
 in a mufical 
 ui I but in a 
 rith a ibout. 
 began ai bc- 
 upwardi of * 
 ank dividing, 
 the front, and 
 wemcntt the 
 to recite fenw 
 the fame, till 
 and thi* evo. 
 [ted iu former 
 It flow at firft. 
 linutCKt when 
 on, retreated, 
 itcular figure, 
 I retiring, and 
 time. In the 
 with only twa 
 rstconflltedof 
 7 perTorn, and 
 le of the firA 
 cafioiu, atthe 
 atedGcBtencet, 
 mr,, femetimeft 
 lie higheft d&. 
 lafdatheclofe. 
 
 r; 
 
 the rear rank divided, came round, and occupied the 
 place of (he froo(. which afterwardi refumcU iit h»~ 
 met lituaiion. Thit dam Heing flnilhcd. the druim 
 were taken away, and the chorui retired, a% in the pre- 
 ceding dance. Three ycry large drum* were now 
 brought in, and 70 men fi)rmed a choni* to the third 
 dantc. Thii ronfiHed of two ranki, of 16 men each, 
 having youn^ Toobou at their head, who wa» fptcndid- 
 ly ornamented with a kind of garment covered with 
 red feathcri. Thefc ptfrfornKri danceit, fung, and 
 twirled ihc pagf^e, fo u to meet with the continual ap- 
 plaulca of the (pe^latori, who were partuularly pUad-d 
 with one attitude, in which they held the face alide. at 
 if alhamed, with the pagge before it. The hindmon 
 rank clofed before the front one, which foon alter re- 
 lumed iti place, aa in the lirO ;< ul fecund dances : then 
 beginning again, (hey fortucil a triple row, divided, 
 retreated (oeach end of the area, and Icf^ the ground 
 almoft clear. Two men rulhing in a( (ha( inftan(. 
 began to exercife (heir club* which they make ufe of 
 in battle. IVv firl> twirled them in their hand*, and 
 made circular (Irokn before them with great quicknefa, 
 managing them w ith fuch (kill. (hat. though (hey flood 
 clofe 10 each other, they never interfered. They (hifted 
 the clubi, w ith uncommon dexterity, from one hand to 
 the other 1 and. after lutnc time, kneeled down, and 
 made varioui motioni. toffing up (heir cluhi in the air. 
 and catching them a> they fell. They then retired a» 
 hartily aa they entered. Their head* were ornament- 
 ed With piece* of white cloth, fallened at the crown, 
 with a wreath of foliage round their forehcada : and, 
 tha( (hey might be free from every incumbrance, (hey 
 had only a very fmall piece of clo(h (ied round (he 
 wait). A man armed wi(h a fpcar, now rullied in, and 
 u( himfcif in a menacing attitude, ai if he intended to 
 Irike with his weapon at one of the people in the 
 crowd I at the fame time bending the knee a little, and 
 trembling oa it were with fury. Me continued in thi* 
 polition near a minute, and then moved to the other 
 lide. where, having llooti in the fame poOure. he hallily 
 retreated from the area. During all (hi* (imc (he 
 dancer*, who had divided thcmfelvei in(o (wo par(iei. 
 con(inued (o npc.nt fomc(hing (lowly 1 and (hey now 
 advanced, and Joined amin. concluding (he dance 
 wi(h general applaufc. Thi* dance, in our opinion, 
 waa confidercd as a capi(al performance, a* fome of (he 
 principal people were engaged in i(i one of (he drum* 
 neing beat by Futtafaihe, tnc king'* brother, another 
 by f cenou, and the third by Marcewagcc himfcif. In 
 the fourthand lafl dance, were 40 menu a chorus, with 
 two drum*. I'he pcrfornKr* were 60 men, arranged 
 in three rows, having 34 in front. Before they began, 
 we were entertained with a preliminan' harangue, in 
 which the whole number made refponfo* to a fpvaker 
 foiua. They (hen rccired femencci aUemately wi(h 
 the choru*, and made wi(h (he pagge many auick mo- 
 tion*. They divided into two partici. with their backs 
 to each other i formed again 1 (hided their ranks, divid- 
 ed.and retreated ( bciiwiuccccdcd by two men, wtw cx> 
 crcifed wi(h (heir clubs, as before, afrer whom came 
 two others : the dancers in the mean (ime repeating in 
 their (urns wi(h (he chorus ; (hey (hen advanced, and 
 concluded the dance. 
 
 Thefe amufements continued from eleven o'clock 
 till near three. The number of iflanders who attend- 
 ed aa fpedators, together with thofc who were round 
 the tiiuling-place at the tent, or (traggling about, 
 amounted to at lead fo,oco, all within tnecom|Md*of 
 a quarter of a mile. Had we undcrdood wha( wu 
 fpoken in this entertainment, we might probably have 
 gained much information with refpwt to the genius 
 and cudoins of (hit people. Though the fpcoaton 
 condantly applauded the different modons, when well 
 made, a conliderable fhare of (he pleafure (hey received, 
 fccmcd to arife from the fentimental part, or, what the 
 performer! recited. However, the mere ading prt 
 well deferved our notice, on account of the extenltve-. 
 ncfi of (he plain, (he varienr of the motioni. and the 
 exadt unity, eafe, graccfblneii, and vivacity, with which 
 they were performed. In the evening we were cnter- 
 I 
 
 
 tainetl with the IWwnai, or ni; hi dance*, on a large area 
 lieforr ili,.'(rii)|M)rary dwell' ; place of Keennu. They 
 continued three hours I dui .i|{ ^hich time about twelve 
 of ihcm were perfoniicd, nearly in the fatiie manner ai 
 thofc at H4;viee. In twii if 'hem, in which fame wo- 
 men had a jK-t, a nuinlx-r of men came, an J formed 
 a circle within .Seir's. In another, which coniiflnl of 
 14 men. many n""oni that we had nor feen before, 
 were made with the >. 'id*, and met with great »pm 
 plau'c. The mu(ic was once changed in the rourfe 
 of th. - ••"ingi and in one of the dances, I'eenou him- 
 felf appeared at the head of ju men. He wa* neatly 
 drcfTcii in linen, and liimc (iiiall picitires were himg 
 round his neck. After thefe diverliont were endci, we 
 were made frnlible. that thefe people had put them* 
 felves to many incooNcnien; irs on our account ; lor being 
 drawn together to this uninhabited par' of the ifland. 
 number* of tlicm were oblipd to lie do an and (Icep 
 under the bulliei, or '>y the lide «>fa tree, or a canoe, 
 nay, many lay down in the ojjen air. which they arc not 
 fond of, or fp«'nt the rcinaiiulrr «>f the nij,'ht in walking 
 about. NotwithftanditiK the whole entertainment waa 
 condudled with better order than could reafonaiily be 
 fuppofed, yet our utmoll care and attention could not 
 prevent our being ulundcrcd by t e n.itivci in the mo(^ 
 mfolent manner : but then it mud be .icknowltdged, 
 that attiong fuch a multitude, there mull be a number 
 of ilUdifpoicd people, and we hourly cx|»'tU'nccd their 
 propenlity to thieving iv every <)uarter. There waa 
 Icanely anv thing wliiili vhcy did not endeavour to 
 deal. In the mitUlle of the day, thry oni c attempted 
 to t \C an anchor from oH" the Difcovcry's bows, but 
 without ellect. The only violence of whit h they were 
 guilty, wan, the breaking the flinuKlcr-bonc of one 
 of our goarsj in conlajutn^ of which flie di-.-d foon 
 ader. 
 
 On Wedncfday the 1 8th, one of the illanders roI 
 out of his canoe into the quarter gallery of the Refoiu- 
 (ion, and dole from (henc a pewter bafon ; but being 
 detei^ied he was purfueo, and brought alung-fidc the 
 (hip. Upon thi* occafion, three old women in the 
 canoe made loud lamentations over the prifoncr, beat- 
 ing their faces and brealls with the palms of theia 
 hands, in a very violent manner. Thi.i mode of ex- 
 prclTing forrow occafions the mark which mod of thefe 
 people bear over their cheek-bone*; for the repeated 
 blow* infli(ded by them on this part rub off the fltiri, 
 and caufe fomc blood to flow out 1 and when the wound 
 i* green, it look* as if n hollow circle had Iven made 
 byl)urning. On fomc occafions, thrv cue this part of 
 the face with an indrument. A gi-riticman, who was 
 on board the Difcovery, ha* infonrcu , h,; w titer of the 
 hidory of thefe voyages, that he had \n opportunity of 
 difcovering the reafon of a very (ingnlar mark, a little 
 above the temple* of many of the chiefs. In or; of 
 our cxcurfions into the country, fays this gentleman, 
 we perceived the day was kept facred throughout the 
 whole ifland, that nothing was fuffercd to be foldi 
 r-li'.K., JiJ 'he people touch any food ; and bcfidcs, 
 (ha( feyeral of our new acquain(oncc were mifllng. 
 Enquiring into the canfc, we were (old, (ha( a woman 
 of quali(y waa dead, and (hat (he chiefs, who were her 
 de(cendan(a, flayed a( home to have their tcmplei 
 burnt. This cudom is not confined to this ifland only, 
 but ii likcwife common to feveral others. paitic;ilarly, 
 to thofc of Ea-oowee, or Middlebuigh, ami Appee. 
 Thi* mark is made on the left-fide, on the death of « 
 mother, and on (he right-fide when (he father diesi 
 and on (he death of a high-pried, (he fird joint of the 
 little finger is ampu(a(ed. Thefc people have (here- 
 fore their religiotis ri(es, though we were not able to 
 difcover how, or when (hey were performed. 
 
 This day Cap(ain Cook bedowed fome prefentt on 
 Mareewagee, in rerurn for thofe which h-'d been n- 
 ceived from (ha( chief (he preceding day , and aa 
 (he entertainments then exhibi?v-d called upon us to 
 make fome exhibition in return, he ordered all the 
 nurinea to go through their exercife, on the fpot whera 
 the late dances had been performed, and. in the eveiw 
 ing, Ibme fireworks were alfo played off at the fam* 
 
 placc; 
 
 'f 
 
 r 
 
m 
 
 1 
 
 460 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMl»LETE. 
 
 G V ii 
 
 I, I. 
 
 place. The kine, the principal chiefs, and a vaft 
 multitude of people, were prefent. The platoon firing 
 feemcd to plcafe them i but when they beheld our water 
 rockets, they were filled with admiration and even 
 anonilhmcnt. They did not much regard the fife and 
 drum : nor the French horns that were playing during 
 the intervals. Poulaho fat behind every one, no per- 
 fon being permitted to fit behind him : and that his 
 view might receive no obftruilion, none fat immedio 
 atcly before him : a lane was made by the fpedators 
 from him quite down to the fpace allotted for playing 
 oil" the fire-works. While the natives were in expcdta- 
 tion of feeing our exhibition, they engaged, for the 
 greateft part of the afternoon, in wreftlingand boxing. 
 The firll of ihcfc excrcifes they call foohoo, and the 
 fecond fanj^atooa. When a pcrfon is defirous of wreft- 
 ling, he gives a challange by eroding the ground in a 
 kinil o» meafured p.-ice, and clapping fmartly on the 
 elbow joint of one arm, which is bent, and fends forth 
 a hollow found. If no opponent ftcps forth, he re- 
 turns and fits down ; though fomctimcs he (lands clap- 
 ping his hands to provoke Ibme one to accept his chal- 
 Ici»ge. If an antagonift makes his appearance, they 
 meet with marks of the greatell good nature, generally 
 fmilii>g, and deliberately adjufling the piece of cloth 
 that is faftencd round the waill. By this cloth they 
 lay hold of each other, and he w ho fucceeds in drawing 
 his opponent to him, inftantly endeavours to lift him 
 niwn his brcart, and throw him upon his back ; and 
 it he can turn round with him, in that pofition, two or 
 three times, before he throws him, his dexterity pro- 
 cures him numerous plaudits from the fpectators. 
 Should they be more equally matched, they quickly 
 clofc, and attempt to throw each other by entwining 
 their legs, <*•" «'''"!? ^^'^^ ^^^" *^''"" ^^'^ ground ; in 
 which Uruggles for vidoiy they difplay an extraordi- 
 nary exertion of flrcngth and agility. When one of 
 them is thrown, he immediately retires; while the 
 conqueror fits down for near a minute, then rifcs, and 
 goes to the place from whence he came, where the vic- 
 tory is proclaimed aloud. After having fat a Ihort 
 time, he lifes again, and challenges ; and if feveral an- 
 tagonifts enter the lifts, he has the privilege of choofing 
 which of them he pleafes to engage with : he may alfo, 
 Ihould he throw his competitor, challenge again, til' 
 he himfilf is vanquiflied; in which cafe the people of 
 the oppofitc fide chant the fong of vii,'l(iry in favour of 
 their champion. It frequently happens, that five or 
 fix rife from each fide, and give challenges together ; 
 fo that it is not uncommon to fee feveral fets engaged 
 on the lickl at the fanK time. Tluy preferve great 
 temper in this cxercife, and leave the fpot without 
 the leart difpleafure in their countenances. When 
 they ijcrccive, upon trial, that they are fo equally 
 niaiched, as not to be likely to throw each other, they 
 leave off bv mutual confent. Should it not clearly ap- 
 pear which of them has had a fupcrior advantage over 
 the other, both fides proclaim the victory, and then 
 they engage again ; but no one, who has been van- 
 auilhcd, is permitted to engage a fecond time with his 
 conqueror. Thofc who intend to box advance fide- 
 ways, changing the fide at every pace, having one arm 
 ftretched out before, the other behind ; and holding in 
 one hand a piece of cord, which they wrap clofely 
 about it, when they meet with an opponent. This 
 we think is intended to prevent a diflocation of the 
 hand or fingers. Their blows are dealt out with great 
 quicknefs and aftivity, and are aimed principally at 
 ^e head. They ttrike equally well with either hand. 
 One of their moft dextrous blows is, to turn round on 
 the heel, juft after they have ftruck their adverfary, 
 and to give him another fimrt blow with the other 
 hand backward. In boxing-matches, unlefs a pcrfon 
 ftrikes his antagonift to the ground, they never fing the 
 forw of viaory ; which ftiews, that this diverfion is 
 Icfslipproved among them than wteftling. Not only 
 boysentage in both thefcexercifes ; but it not unfrequtnt- 
 Iv happens, th.it little girls box, for a ftiort time, with 
 great obftinacy. On all thefe tKcafions, they do not 
 confidcr it as any difgrace to be vanquiOicd, and he 
 
 3 . 
 
 who ii overcome fits down with as much indifference 
 as if he had never entered the lUli. Some of our pco* 
 pie contended with them in both exercifes, but were 
 generally worfted t except in a few inftances, where, as 
 Captain Cook obferves, " it appeared, that the fear 
 they were in of offending us, contributed more to the 
 vi(!iory, than the fuperiority of the pcrfon they en- 
 gaged." 
 
 On Thurfday the 19th, Captain Cook thought pro>- 
 per to mark out his intended prclcnti of aninuls, 
 which he defigned to leave behind him. He there- 
 fore alfembled the chiefs before our houfe, and inform- 
 ed them of his propofed diftribution before his depar- 
 ture. To Poulaho, the king, he prefentcd an Englifb 
 bull and a cow ; to Mareewagee a cape ram, and two 
 ewes, and to Feenou a horfc and a mare. Omiah was 
 inftru'fled to inform the chiefs, that no fuch animals 
 exifted within feveral months fail of their ifland; that 
 we had brought them with much trouble and expeiicc» 
 for their ul'c ; that, therefore, they ought to be careful, 
 not to kilt any of them till they had muUiplicd con- 
 fiderably; and, finally, that they and their children 
 ought to remember, that they had received them from 
 the natives of Britain. Omiah alfo explained to thent 
 their ref|x;iilive ufes, as far as his limited kno)^ledge 
 would permit, for he was not well verfcd in fuch things. 
 I'hc captain had intended to give old 'I'uobou two or 
 three goats; but finding that chief, who had not at- 
 tended the meeting, though invited, indifferent about 
 them, he added them to the Ihare of Poulaho. As the 
 captain intended, that the above prefents fliould remain 
 with the other cattle, till we were rc.idy to fail, he dcr 
 fired each of the chiefs to fend a man or two, to look 
 after their refpedive animals, along with our people, 
 in order that they might be made acquainted with the 
 manner of our treating them. The king and Feenou 
 did fo ; but neither Mareew.igee, nor any other perfoi\ 
 for Wm\ took the leaft notice of the fheep afterwards. 
 Indeed, it foon appeared, that fome were diffatisfied 
 with our diftribution of the animals; for on the 20th, 
 early ir» the morning, two of our Turkey-cocks, and 
 one kid were milling. Our commander being de- 
 termined to have them reftored, feized on three canoes 
 that were along-fide the fliips: he then went on fhore, 
 and having found the king, his brother, Feenou, and 
 feme other chiefs, in our houfe, he iinmediatelv placed 
 a guard over them, and intimated to them, that they 
 muft remain confined till not only the turkeys and kitl, 
 but the other articles of which we had been plundered* 
 at different times, were reftored to us. On firuling 
 themfclves prifoners, they concealed their feelings, as 
 well as they could ; fat tiown to drink kava, with an 
 appearance of unconcern; andalfured the captain, that 
 the things in queftion fliould all be returned. Soon 
 afterwards, an axe, and an iron wedge were brought to 
 us. In the mean time, fome armed natives began to 
 alTemble behind the houfe, but they difpcrfed when a 
 part of our guard marched againft them; and the chiefs, 
 by the advice of the captain, gave orders, that no more 
 fliould appear. Upon being invited to dine with us 
 on board, they readily confentcil. Some of them 
 having afterwards objedcd to Poulaho's going, he rofc 
 up immediately, and declared, that he would be the 
 firft man. We all now repaired aboard, and the chiefs 
 remained in the fhips till four o'clock. They were 
 then conduced by tne captain afl,iorc ; and not long 
 after their having landed, the kid, and oae of the tur- 
 keys were reftored to us. On thrir promifing that the 
 other turkey fliould be brought back the next morn- 
 ing, both they and their caiioca were rcleafcd. The 
 chiefs having Icftus, we walked jiit, with Omiah in com- 
 pany, toobferve how the natives in our neighbouihood 
 fared, I'm this was the ufual time of their meats. Wo 
 found them in genera], ill fupplicd; a circumftance not 
 to be wondered at, fince mull of the yams, and other 
 provifions they had brought with them, were difpofcd 
 of to us ; and they were unwilling to return to their 
 own habitations, while tluy could procure any fulle- 
 nance near our port. Our ftation was upon an uncul- 
 tivated point of land; fo that there were notv: of the 
 
 natives 
 
 
■iMia 
 
 JifTerence 
 fourpco- 
 
 but were 
 where, as 
 
 the fear 
 >rcto the 
 1 they eiu 
 
 ught pnv 
 ° aninuU, 
 He there- 
 d inform- 
 his dc|)ar- 
 in £ngli(h 
 I, and two 
 )iniah was 
 :h animals 
 and; that 
 i ex pence, 
 be careful, 
 )licd con> 
 r children 
 them from 
 :d to thcnt 
 knowledge 
 Lich things, 
 bou two or 
 ad not at- 
 rent about 
 X As the 
 uld remain 
 ail, he dc> 
 to, to look 
 our pcopli', 
 :d with the 
 .nd Fccnou 
 ither perfoix 
 afterwards. 
 
 dilTatisfied 
 n the :oth, 
 ■cocks, and 
 
 being dc- 
 hrce canoes 
 nt on fliore, 
 ccnou, and 
 itely placed 
 
 , that thev 
 
 )'s and kid. 
 
 Slandered, 
 t) finding 
 feelings, as 
 ^a, with an 
 aptain, chat 
 ned. Soon 
 brought to 
 Hi began to 
 fed when a 
 [ the chiefs, 
 lat no more 
 ine with us 
 >e of them 
 )ing, he rofc 
 )uld be the 
 id the chiefs 
 They were 
 id not long 
 c of the tui- 
 ling that the 
 next morn- 
 eafcd. The 
 niah in com- 
 glibouihood 
 meals. We 
 imftancc not 
 s, and other 
 icrcdifpofcd 
 :turn to their 
 re any fullc- 
 on an uncul- 
 ; noiv of the 
 natives 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VDYAHE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, itc. 461 
 
 natives who had a fixed itfidcnct within half a mile 
 of us. Thofe therefore who were at our port, were ob- 
 liged to live under trees, or in temporaiy hutsi and the 
 cocoa-trees were ftripped of their branches, f -r the pur- 
 pofe of creding huts for the chief*. In th.; courfe ot 
 iur walk we fomid fix women at fiippcr. two df whom 
 were fed by others. When Omiah alked the reafon ot 
 this cirdimftance, the women replied taboo mattcc. 
 Upon further enquiry it appeared, that one of them, 
 about two months before, had waftied the corpfc of a 
 chief, on which account (lie was not allowed to handle 
 any food for five months ; and that the other had per- 
 formed the fame kind office to the dead body of a 
 perfon of inferior rank, and was therefore under a 
 fimilar reftridtion, though not for fo long a fpacc of 
 
 1'""^. . . . n , . 
 
 On Saturday the lift, early in the mornmg Poulaho, 
 the king, came on board, to invite Captain Cook to the 
 diverfions of a haiva, which entertainment he dcfigncd 
 to give the fame day. He had his head bcfincaretl with 
 pigment, in order to communicate a red colour to his 
 hair, which was naturally of a dark brown. After hreak- 
 faft, the captain attended him to the (hore, and found 
 the'iflanders very bufy in two places, fixing in a fquare 
 and upright poution. four ve»y long polls, at the dif- 
 ancc of near two feet from- each other. They after- 
 wards filled up with yams the fquare Utwecn the polls ; 
 and fattened Iticks acrofs, from one poll to another, at 
 the diftance of every four feet, to prevent the polls from 
 feparating,by the weight of theinclofcd yams, and alio 
 to afcend by. As foon as the yams had reached the 
 fummit of the firll ports, they continued to fallen others 
 to them, till euch pile was 30 feet or more in height. 
 On the top of one of the piles, they placed t\\o baked 
 hogs; and, on the top of the other, a living one; and 
 another they tied by the legs halfway up. 'I'he facility 
 and difpatch with whicli thcfe two piles were laileil, 
 were very remarkable. '• Had our feanicn," oblerves 
 Captain Cook, " been ordered to execute fuch a work, 
 they would have fworn, that it could not be jierlormed 
 without carpenters ; and the carpenters would have 
 called to their aid a dozen diiVercnt forts of tools, and 
 have expended, at leaft, a hundred weight of nails; 
 and, after all, it wtnild have employed thcin as many 
 days, as it did ihefe people hours. But feanien. like 
 moft other amphibious animals, are always the moll 
 hclplefs on land." Having compleated thefe t«o piles, 
 they accunsulated fome other heaps of \anis, and alfo 
 of bread-fruit, on each fide of the area ; to which a tur- 
 tle, and a great quantity of li(h were added. The 
 whole of this, with fome red feathers, a mat, and a 
 piece of cloth, comiwfcd the king's prel'ent to Captain 
 Cook ; and Poulaho feemed to be not a little proud at 
 having exceeded, as he really did. I'eenou's liberality ai 
 Hapaec. About one o'clock, the Mai, or dances, 
 were begun. The lirft very nearly refembled, what was 
 performed on the opening of Marccwagce's entertain- 
 ment. The fecond was conduilled by young Toobou ; 
 and in this four or five women were introiluced, vtho 
 ..•quailed the men in the exadnefs and regularity of 
 their motions. Near the end, the performers divided, 
 in order to leave room for two champions, w ho exer- 
 cifcd their clubs. In the thinl dance, which was the 
 laft, two other men, with clubs exhibited their lltill and 
 adivity. The dances were fucceeded by boxing and 
 wrertling; and one man entered the lills with a heavy 
 vlub made of the llem of a cocoa-leaf, but could meet 
 with no opponent to engage him in fo rough a diver- 
 fion. Towards evening the Bomai, or night dances 
 began, in which the king himfelf, apparelled in Knglilh 
 manufadure, vasa performer: ^".u neither thefe, nor 
 the dances ii. the day-time, were fo capital as thofe 
 given by Feenou and Marcewagee. The captain, in 
 order to be prefent the whole time of the entertain- 
 ment, dinrd on Ihorc. Poulaho fat down by him, but 
 would neither eat nor drink, which was owing to the 
 prefence of a female, who had been admitted, at his 
 r-quell, to the dining party, and who, as we were in- 
 formed, was of fuperior rank to himfelf. This lady 
 had no fooner dined than flic walked up to the king, who 
 No. 56. 
 
 applied his hands to her feet ; after which (he retired. 
 He immediately dipped his fingi^rs intoa glafi of wine, 
 and then all her atrcndarlts paid hini obeifance. At: 
 his defire fome of our fire-works were played off in the 
 evening; but being damaged, they did not anfwcr the 
 expeditions of the fpcdators. 
 
 No more entertainments being cxpeded oh cithet 
 fide, moft of the natives had defcrted us the day aftet 
 Poulaho's haiva. .Still, however, we had thieves about 
 us, and exjierienced continual inllances of their depre- 
 dations. Mr. Nelfon being alone, oil the hills and 
 rocks, collecHng plants and herbs, and at a confiderabli 
 diftance from the Ihips, was attacked by live or fix 
 iilanders, who lirft began by throwing ftoncs, at which 
 they arc very dexterous; and then finding he had no 
 fire-arms, doled in with him, ftript him of his cloaths, 
 and bag. which were all that he had about him. Cap- 
 tain Cook complained to the king; but the nrtcnders, 
 upon enquiry, being found to be boya, and the cloatljs, 
 and bag of plants, of ftnall value, Mr. NlHod, un- 
 willing to embroil the inhabitants in any nioicdilputes, 
 interceded with the captain, as we were- ju(l upon our 
 departure, not l(i hiake his hi'i an obji-d of content 
 tion. but 10 take leave of the chi.ls in the moll friendly 
 manner, who, upon the whole, hail behaved with un- 
 conimon kindnefs and gcnciolity. S )nie of the olliccri 
 of both fliips, who had made an excurlion into the in- 
 terior pins of the ifland, returned on the 2.1: !, in the 
 evening, .iftera,' abfenec of two days. They had taken 
 their iiiulketi aii.i necellary ainmunition uitb :l>cm.bc- 
 lidisfeveral fnull aiielcs, thewhole ofwhichthc nativei 
 had the dexteriiy to llc.il from them, in ihccourlcof their 
 fliort journey. Inconveii::-nt ((mi- |ucnces were likelv 
 :./ have attendv-d this afiair; for when our jilimJereil 
 travellers returned, they employed Omiah, witliout con- 
 fulting Captain Cook, to couiplain to the king of the 
 treatment iliej liad received, lie, not knouing how 
 the captain would proceed in this alTaIr, and appiei, end- 
 ing that he might again lay him under i\llr..i;n, ftt otf 
 early the nex: morning, and leenou foll()W(d his ex- 
 ample; fo that not i chief of any authority wa> now re- 
 mainin.i; in this neighl>ourhooJ. The captain wai 
 much oiliiided at this olVui xis inierfcreiue, ami repri- 
 manded Omiah lor the lame. Upon this Oii\iah en- 
 deavoured to bring ba(k his friend l-'cenou, and he fuc- 
 ceeded in his negotiation, by alliiring him, '!-.i no 
 vi;)lent meafiiics Would be piir(iii"d to oblige ihc ivi'.ives 
 to return the llolcn things, 'i'nifting to tins declara- 
 tion, I'cenou came back in the evening, and was re- 
 ceived favoiiraiily. Poulaho alfo honoured us with 
 his company Jie next day. The t»o < hiels, upon this 
 occalion, sery jiiflly obferved to us, tliat, whenever any 
 "of our people wanted to take an excurlion into the 
 country, they ought to be made acquainted with it, 
 that they might order prooer peo[)lc to attend them, to 
 prevent fuch oiiir.iijes. Though the captain did not 
 afterwards endc.ivour to recoxcr the articles taken upon 
 this occalion, rl • whole of them were returned, through 
 the interpofition of Feenou, except .me in.ifket, and A 
 few other triHes. By thi.-i time alio, we recovered the 
 tools and ot'iier mailers that had been ftolen from ouf 
 workmen. In a journal belonging to a perfon on 
 board the Difcovery, we find the tbltowing remark: 
 " During our ftay here, more capital thefts were com- 
 mitted, and more Indians piin'lhcd than in all the 
 Frier dy lllands belid^.s: one was pimiftied with 72 
 laftics, ibr ftcal'ig on'v a knife; another with ^6, f'^r 
 endeavouring to carry olft ..o or three d' inWng glallics; 
 three were punillud with three doZen each, for heav- 
 ing ftones at the woixlers ; but, what was ftill more cruel, 
 a man for attempting to carry olVanaxe, wps ordered to 
 have his arm cut to the bone; which he Iwre without 
 complaining. It is not to he wondered, that after fuch 
 wanton aois of cruelty, the inhabitants Ihould grow 
 outrageous; and, though they did not break out intc* 
 open acts of hollility, yet they watched every oppor- 
 tunity to be vexatious." This journalift cannot we 
 think fpcak from his knowledge, and muft have bcvn 
 milinformcd; for, in the firft place, wc beg leave to ob- 
 ferve, that fuch I'everepuniftiments as three and iix do- 
 6 A iin 
 
 % 
 
 
 n 
 
 
■i I I 
 46* 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 w I 
 
 
 w 
 
 zcn lufhi-s are very feldotn inHUtcd on board a king'i 
 fliip, and then on^ for enormous oflfencci ; and, in the 
 next place, the whole of the above memorandum con- 
 tradict* all the moi\ authentic accounts of the kind 
 behaviour of the natives of the Friendly Mm, and like- 
 wife the well known humanity of our generous com- 
 mander. Wc think it ourdiity to give a faithful detail 
 of faets and occurrences, from the bcft authorities t nor 
 is it Icfs incumltent on us, to correal ail errors and 
 miftakes that -niay conic under our obfervation : thefc 
 two obligations nave hitherto been the objeAa of our 
 careful attention; and wc hope, in the opinion of our 
 friends and fubl'crilKrs, wc Oiall be tbund to have ful- 
 filled ihcm Mi'h a fcrupulous puniftuality. 
 
 Wcdnofday the 25th, two boat* that liad been fcnt 
 in fcarch of a commodious channel to fea, returned. 
 Our people reported, that the channel to the north, 
 through «hich we came in, was imminently dangerouii, 
 being full of coral-rocks; hut that there was a good 
 pafliige to the call ward, though contraded, in one 
 place, by the fmall i Hands ; confequently a wcfterly 
 wind wuikl be nectJliiry to get through it. The 
 fliips being now completely Aowcd, having wood and 
 water as mucli as tliiy could make room for, with hogs 
 and brcail-lruit in ahumUmc, in fliort everything they 
 could contain or the cnws dclire, orders were given to 
 prepnic (or fail.ng; and «e intended to vilit the ceic 
 bratcil It'lc illaii.l of Middlcburgh, of which foaner 
 voyagers have giv in .1 iiu)ft Hutering defer ption : but 
 asan cclipri; ot (he fun was expected to be vi(U)le on 
 the filth ot mxt month, the captain determined to lUy 
 till that cinie, in oidir to obicrve it. Having now 
 fomc (lays ol Ici'iirc before wc fet fail, a party ot us, 
 accompanicil by Poubho, fet out the next morning;, 
 being lliurfJay the 26th, in a boat, for M.>()a, a linall 
 vii.ige, where mod of the great chiefs ufually rclkk'. 
 Rowing up the inlet, wc faw 14 canoes filhing in com- 
 pany, in one of which was PiKilaho's fon ; they had 
 taken fome fine mullets, and put a do/.cn of them 
 into our boat. In each canoe wus a triangular net, 
 extended between two poles, at the lower end whereof 
 was a cod to receive and feture the lilh. Tiuy (hewed 
 us their imchod of filliing. which appeared to be an 
 cfTedual oiw. A flioal ol'lilh was fup|)ofed to be upon 
 one of the banks, which iheyinrtanily enclofcd in a long 
 net like our fciiie. This the rithcrnun, one getting into 
 the water out of each boat, furrounded with the tiian- 
 gular nets in their hands, with whi( h they ("((xipcd 
 the fitli o'.it of the feme, or caught tiicm as they at- 
 tempted to leap over it. Taking leave of the prince 
 and his lilliing paty, wc rowed to the bottom of the 
 bay, and landed where we had dixie bcf re, when we 
 went to vilit Mirecwagee. As foon as wc landed, the 
 king dcliicd Omiah to lel! me, rh it 1 need be iiHler no 
 api>rehenli(>ii about tiie boat, or any thing in her, for 
 that not a fingleaiticle woiilil be touched, or purloined 
 by any one of his people, which we found afterwards 
 to be true. We were immediately conduced to one 
 of Poulaho's houfcs, which, though tolerably large, 
 fccn(cd to be his priviitc place of relidcnce. and is fitu- 
 atec! vithin a plantation. The king featcd himfelf at 
 one end of the houfe. and his vifltants fat down in a 
 fcmi-circle at the other end. A bowl of Kava was 
 (bcedily prepared, and direcflions were given to bake 
 fomc yams. While ihefe were getting ready, fomc of 
 ui, together with a few of the king's attendants, and 
 Omiah u interpreter, walked cut 10 uke a view of a 
 Fiatooka, or burying-place, at a fmall diftance from 
 the habitation. It bclonp;ed to the king, and confided 
 of three pretty large lioulcs; fituatedon a rifing ground, 
 mt|i a fmall one not faroti', all Handing in a line 
 Ict^hwife. The largetl of the three was the middle 
 houfc, which was placed in an oblong fquarc, 24 paces 
 by 18, and elevated about three feet. The other houfes 
 were placed on little mounts. On the floors of thefc 
 houfes, as alfo on the topi of the mount!>, were fine 
 loofe pebbles : and the whole was enclofcd by large 
 flat (lonci of coral-rock. One of the buildings was 
 open on one itde, and two wooden bulls of men, rudely 
 carved, were within it. Wc enquired of the natives 
 3 
 
 who followed ui (but were not permitted ti» enter here) 
 what thefc images were? Who informed ui they were 
 intended for merorialt of fomc chieiii who Ind been 
 buried in that place, and not meant at the reprefenta- 
 tivci of any dci». Such monumental cdificet, it ia 
 prcfumed, are Icldom raifed; for thefe appntred to 
 have been credled manv ages. We were mformcd, 
 that dead bodies had been buried in each of thefc 
 houfes, but no traces of them were to be feen. The 
 carved head of an Otaheite canoe, which had been 
 driven alliore on their coaft, wu dcpo/ited in one of 
 them. At the foot of the rifing ground was a giafs- 
 plot, whereon different large trees were planted j among 
 which were fcveral large ones, called Etoa. They greatly 
 refemWc the cypreft, and have a folcmn effecfl. A row 
 of low palms was alfo planted near one of the houfes. 
 After having refrefhed ourfelve> with fomc piovifions, 
 which we had brought from our fhips, wc took a pretty 
 large circuit into the country, attended by one of the 
 king"* minifters, who would not fuffer any of the rabble 
 to follow us, and obliged thofe whom wc met in our ex- 
 curiion, to lit down while we were pafling ; a mark of 
 refpect fliewn only to their fovercigns. In our pro- 
 grefs we obferved the greateft part of the country to 
 be cultivated t being planted with var.otis kinds of 
 produefions, and moll of thefc plantations were en- 
 clofcd with fences. It is tme, fomc fpots were ul- 
 lov« ; there were alfo others that remained in a ftatc of 
 nature; and, yet even thefc laft were of public utility, 
 in alfording the natives timber, as they were generally 
 covered with trees. We faw likewile, in our walk, fc- 
 vir.il large uninhabited idands (belonging as we were 
 toKl to the king) many public roads, and abundance of 
 loot-paths leading to every part of the illand. Hence 
 tiavilling v«as rendered eafy and pleal'ant : but it is re- 
 markable, that when we were on the moll elevated 
 (pots o( ground, 100 fat at leall, above the level of the 
 (la, we often met with the fame coral rock found on 
 the lliore, projecting above the furface ; and having all 
 thofe unequalities, ufually feen in rocks that lie within 
 ihewalh of the tide; and yet, thole very fpots, almoft 
 wholly dcl^itiite of foil, were covered with luxuriant 
 vegetation. Our guide conducted us to fcveral little 
 pools, and to fomc fprings of water; but in general, 
 they were either (linking or brackilhj though thought 
 by the natives to be excellent. The former were molUy 
 inland, and the latter near the fliore of the bay, and 
 below high water mark ; fo ihar only when the 
 tide was out tolerable water could be taken up from 
 them. 
 
 In the dufk of the evening, we returned from our 
 walk, and found our fupper ready. It confided ol fi(h, 
 yams, and a baked hog, in which all the culinary arts 
 had been difplayed. I'herc being nothing tn amufe us 
 after fupper, wc lay down to fleep, according to the 
 cuftom of the country, on mats fpread ujwn the floor, 
 and had a covering of cloth. The king, who had 
 made himfelf very happy with fome of our wine and 
 brandy, flcpt in the houfe, as did many others of the 
 natives. Before day-break, th< y all rnfc, and entered 
 into con verfation by i.noon-light. As foon as it was 
 day, they difperfed different ways 1 but it was not long 
 before they all returned, accompanied by feveral of 
 their countryiTKn. While they were preparing a bowl 
 of Kava, Captain Cook went to pyaviiit to foobou. 
 Captain Furneaux's friend, who had a houfe not far 
 dillant, which, for fize and ncatnefs was hardly exceed-. 
 cd in the place. He:c alfo we fotnul a company pre- 
 paring a moming draught, I'lic chicr made a prefcnt 
 to tiic Captain of a live hng, and one that vvii* baked ; 
 alfo a quantity of yams, and a large i)icci.- of cloth. 
 When wc returned to the kin % wc founJ him and his 
 attendants drinking the fccnnd bowl of Kava. That be- 
 ing emptied, he intormcd Onuah, thpt he as imme- 
 diately going to perform a mourning ceremony, called 
 Toogc, in memory of a Ion who had been dead (ome 
 time, and defired us to accomjianv him. Natur.;lly cx- 
 pe(fling to fee fomewhat new and curious, we readily 
 complied with his rci^uelf. The lirll thing the king 
 did, was to ftep out ol the houfc. attended by two old 
 
 women. 
 
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 K'% IHIKI^ mi 
 
 LAuT VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCtAN. fire. 463 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 -■' ■^■/'% -- 
 
 women WKi put on i» iiew clo«fhing. over which WM 
 placed «n old ragged mat. that might have fcrved hu 
 inat KTandtaiher upon a timilar occation. Hu at- 
 tendanti were habited in the fame manner, exceptmg 
 that, in point of antiquity, none of their mats could vie 
 with that of their inal»er. Thu« cquipinrd, wc marched 
 off preceded by ci}<ht or ten pcrlonji in the fame uni- 
 fomi, each of them having lil<ewi(e a grctn bough 
 ■bout hii neck. I'oulaho held his bough \/\ his hand 
 till he approached the place of rendezvous, when he 
 alfo put It round his nc( k. Wc now entered a fmall 
 inclofure. wherein was a neat houfe, and a man (itting 
 before it. As the company entered, they took the 
 branches from their nei ks, and threw them away. The 
 kingfeatidhimreli. and the reft of his people fat be- 
 fore hill, in the ul'uil manner. By the arrival of other 
 perfons, the circle iiicrcafed to upwards of an hundred, 
 principally old men, all drelfed in the manner above 
 dcfcribcd. The com^)any being aflcmblcd, a large 
 root of Kava was produced bv one of the king's fervants, 
 from whence was extraoled liquor fulficieiit to hll a 
 capacious bowl that would contain, at Icaft, five gallons. 
 Many perfons now began to chew the root, and the 
 bowl was filled up to the brim. Others were employed 
 in making dunking cups of plantain leaves. The lirll 
 cup that was filled, being prefcnted to the king, he 
 ordered it to be given to another pcrlbn; the lecond 
 was alfo brought to him, and he drank it; the thiril 
 was offered to Captain Cook. Afierw irds fevcral cups 
 were given to others, till the uhole of the liquor was ex- 
 hautled; and, though not half the company partook ol 
 it, no one appeared in the leaft diir.itishtd. Each cup 
 as it W.IS emptied, was thrown upon the ground, whence 
 it was takrii up, and carried to be lillod again. All 
 this time .lie I. iuef, and hu whole circle, f.u with a 
 great deal of gravity, feldom fpeaking a word to each 
 {<chcr. AH this while we were \n expectation of feeing 
 the mourning ceremony begin when, to our great fur- 
 prize, as li>on as the Kava was drank out, they all role 
 up and d rperfed ; I'oulaho, at the fame time, mlormed 
 us, he was now ready to attend us to the fliips. The 
 Kava is a fpecics of pepper, branching conliderably, 
 with large heart-rtufied leaves, and jointed ftorks. 
 The natives eftcem it a valuable article, uking great 
 care to lielcnd the young plants from injury, which 
 they generally fet about their houies. They do not 
 often exceed, when lull grown, the height of a man, 
 though we h ive fccn foiiie much higher. The root is 
 the only jwrt ufed at thefe illands, from whence thcii 
 favourite potation is extraUed, The quantity put into 
 each cup is about a quarter ot a pint. It has no percep- 
 tible ertecl on thefe people, who ufe it fo frequently ; 
 but on fomc of ours it operated iikc our fpirits, occa- 
 lioning intoxication, or rather flu pc faction. The 
 mourning ceremony being over, to our no fm.ill dif- 
 ap|.)i>intinent, we left Mooa, and fet out on our return 
 to the lliips. Rowing down the inlet, we met with 
 two canoes returning from fiftning. Poulaho ordered 
 them to approach him, and took tiom them every filh 
 and Ihcll. He afterwards rtoppcd two other canoes, 
 fearchcd them, and found nothing. I le g.ive us fomc 
 of the filh, and the rell were fold by his fervants on 
 fapard the Ihip. Proceeding down the inlet, we over- 
 took a large (ailing c inoe, when every pcrfon on board 
 her fat down till wc had palTed ; even the man who 
 Iteered, though he could nutpollibly manage the helm, 
 but in a ftanding polhirc. Having been informed by 
 Poulaho and others, that there was Ibmc good water at 
 Onevy, afmall illand, alwut a league from the mouth 
 of the inlet, we landed there, but found it extremely 
 brackifh. This ifland is quite in its natural ftatc, and 
 only frequented as a fifliing-placci having nearly the 
 fame produdtions as Palm-rllon's Illand. When wc 
 reached the fliip, a d ^ jt on board, wc were informed, 
 that every thing \ud conrinued quiet during our ab- 
 fence ; not a fingl ; thcit Saving been committed ; ot 
 which Feenou, ar.l Fut^ifirlhe, the king's brother, who 
 had undertaken tl '; m«n,vgi:ment of his ct)untrymcn, 
 during ourabfcnc<, boatiko not a little. 'Ihis evinces 
 what power the chicifs h;»vc, when they arc difpoied to I 
 
 execute it ; which is not often to be expeifted 1 for 
 whatever wai ftolen from ui, was generally conveyed 
 to them. But the good condudl of the natives was of 
 (hort duration, for, 
 
 Saturday the 38th, fix of them affaulted fome of our 
 people, who were fnwine planks ; in confequence of 
 which they were fired at by our fentry: one of them 
 was fuppofcd tn be wounded, and three were made 
 prilbncrs. The latter were confined till night, when 
 they were pimifhed, and fet at liberty. After this 
 their behaviour was very decent and circumfpcdf i oc- 
 cafioned, as we thought, by the man being wounded j. 
 for, till this time, they had onlv heard of the eftedl of 
 our fire-arms, but now they hatl felt it. We were not 
 miftakcn in our cunjcdute, for Mr. King and Mr. An- 
 derfon, in an cxcurlion they took into the country, met 
 with the very man, and found indubitable marks of his • 
 having been wounded with a mufket ball. Nothing 
 worthy of notice happened at the fliips for two 
 days I we fliall therefore fill up that interval with ait 
 account of Mr. Anderfon's excurlion into the coun- 
 try, juft mcmioned. 
 
 dn Monday the 30th, Mr. King and Mr. Anderfort 
 accompanied J^uttafaihe as vifitors to hi,s hbufc, which 
 is not far from that of his brother Poulaho,* at Mooa. 
 Soon after they arrived a guAJ fi7,ed hog was killed, 
 w hich was effected by repeated ftrokes upon the head. 
 The hair was then curioufly fcrapcd off with the Iharp 
 edge oi pieces of bamboo, and the entrails taken out by 
 the famefiinplc inllrument. Previous to this an oven 
 hul heen prepared, which was a lirge hole dug in the 
 earth, the bottom of whith was covered with ftoncs, 
 about the (izc of a man's lift, and made red hot bv 
 kindling a fire over them : they then wrapped fome of 
 ihofc lioncs in leaves of the bread-fruit-tree, \.ith which 
 they filled the hog's belly ; ftulTing in a quantity of 
 leaves, anil a plug of the fame kind, to prevent their 
 tailing out. This being done, the carcais was placed 
 upon fome fticks laid acrofs the ftones, and covered 
 with plantain-leaves. The earth was afterwards dug 
 up all round ; and the oven being thus effedlually 
 I lofcd, the operation of baking required no farther aid. 
 While this was doing, our gentlemen amiifird them, 
 felvej by walking about the country, but faw nothing 
 remnrkable, except a Fiatooka, about 30 feet high. 
 At a finall diftancc therefrom, were feveral Etooa-tree*, 
 thereon they faw a great number of Ternatc-bars, 
 making a inoft difagrceable noife. Not having their 
 luifkets with them at this time, they could not kill 
 any, but fomc taken at Annamooka, meafured almoft 
 a yard, when the wings were extended. On their re- 
 turn to Fiittafaihc's dwelling, the baked hog was 
 brought out. accompanied with fome cocoa-nuts, and 
 feveral bafkets of baked yams. The perfon who pre- 
 pared the hog in the morning, now cut it up in a 
 mafterly manner, with a knifie made of fplit bamboo. 
 Ihoiigh the weight was, at leaft, nearly fcven llonc, 
 the whole was placed before them; when they took a 
 fmall part, and defired the refl might be diftributed 
 among the people fitting round. Futtafaihc could 
 hardly be prevailed upon to cat a morfel. Dinner be-- 
 ingended, we wci.t w'th liim, and his attendants, to 
 the fpot where Pf 'iliin ',« :>iourning ceremony was per- 
 formed. They fav iifhhiiig but a kind of continuation 
 of the fame foleiim rites, by way of condolence. Upon 
 enquiring into the rtafon of this tranfadlion, they wee 
 informed, that it was in memory of a chief who had 
 long lincc died at Vavaoo ; that they had pradtifed it 
 ever fince, and fhould continue to do fo for a confide- 
 rablc length of time to come. In the evening, they 
 vcre entertained with a pig for fuppcr, dreffcd like 
 iric hog, and. as that, accompanied with yams and 
 I ocoa nuts. When fupper was over, a large quantity 
 of cloth was brought for them to lleep on ; but they 
 were ditturbed in their repofc, by a lingular piece of 
 luxury, wi'.h which men of confequence in this ifland 
 indulge themfclves, namely, that of bcin<' d or 
 
 patted, till and while ihey are ailccp. ' Ho 
 
 fat by Futtafaihc, performed this orti. 
 toogc tooge, by ftriking his body 1. ,o[ 
 
 ?^ ifts. 
 
 
m 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 464 
 
 Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C () M I' L li T K. 
 
 filh, till he fell allccp, and with fonie intcrvah, con- 
 tinual it the whole night. If the pcrfon is aflcrp, 
 they abate a little of the lUength ami brilknef* of the 
 bejiinf; : Init if they obfcrvc the Icall appearance of 
 his awaking, they refumc it. In the morning they 
 ucre inlorincil, that Futtafaihc's women relieved 
 each other, and went alternately to flcep. Such a prac- 
 tifc as this, in any other country, would be fuppofed 
 to be delhuotivc of all rcll i but here it operates like 
 an upiutc, and llrongly points out what habit viil 
 cH'ei'>. The noife occafioned by this extraordinary 
 cuftoni, was not the only bar to their llecping i for the 
 people who p.'lHd the night in the houfe, not only 
 tonvcrfed frequently with each other, a* in the day- 
 time; but all got up licfore it was light, and made a 
 hearty meal on lilli and yams, which were brought to 
 them bv a perfon, who feemed to be well acqiiaintc.l 
 with the ufual or appointed time of their nocturnal 
 repalh 
 
 The next morning, being July the ift, they w.ilked 
 down the eaft-lide of the bay to the point, .-icconipa- 
 nied by I'uttaiaihe. l he country appeared in » line 
 ft.ne of cultivation, Ixit not fo many incloftircs as at 
 Mooa ; and among the great number of platnain-lields, 
 there w.is o-ie at leall a mile lon^. in ixcellent order, 
 everv tree growing with gaat Mgour. 'I"hey tinind, 
 that m travelling, I'uttafaihc exercifed a power, which 
 evinced t lie great authority the principal men are in- 
 veiled with. I'o one place he fent for iilh ; to another 
 for yams, ice. and hi,s orders were as readily obeyed as 
 if he had been ablblme I'ulUr of all the peoples pro- 
 perty. When we came to the point fomething was 
 lii-ntu)!U'd by the natives concerning a man, who, they 
 Jaivl, 111 ' I"' u\d at b\ one of our guard; and upon 
 our diliii.*)', to fee tlu- perfon, they conducted us to a 
 houfe, wherein was a man who had been lliot through 
 tlie lluMildcr, but not ilangeroully. I'lie ball had en- 
 tered a little abo\e the inner part of ihe collar- 
 bone; and palled out obliquely backward. I'rom the 
 Hate of the wound, aiul feveial particular circutnltaiices, 
 we were certain, that he was the perfon who had been 
 fired at bv one of our feniinels, three days before; 
 though politivc orders liad been given, that none of 
 our people llumld load their pieces with any thing but 
 finall lliot. There were many of them readv to fwear 
 thev had loadeil only with thefc; and how the fingle 
 mutkcL happened to be that day charged with ball, 
 Captiun Cook could never linii out. Uur gentlemen 
 gave foiiic directions how to manage the wound, to 
 which lU) remedy had been applied; and the natives 
 ieemed pleafcd, when they were informed it would 
 get wvU m a certain time. B'lt on their departure, 
 they lequerted of them to fend the wounded man fomc 
 yam>, and <Khe- forts of food ; and in fuch a manner, 
 that it was concluded they conlidered it to be our duty 
 10 fupport him, till he might be able to fupply his 
 wants w ith his own labour. I'hey crolled the bay, in 
 the evening, to our ftation, in a canoe procured by 
 I'uttafaihe, who exercifed his authority by calling to 
 the fird that appeared. He had alio brought to him 
 »t this place, by a fcrvant, a large hog, and a bundle of 
 cloth, which he wanted them to accept of a.s a prcfent 
 iVonihimi but the boat lx:ing fmall, they ol))ededi 
 and he ordered it to be conveyeil over to them the 
 iic.\t dav. Thus ends Mr. Anderfon'a account of his 
 cxcuriton. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the and, Captain Cook examining 
 jhc micrometer, belonging to the board of longitude, 
 tound fomc of the rack work broken, and that the in- 
 Ihument could not be rc|)aired, nor rendered fit for 
 vie, by the time of the ex|H.ctcd eclipfc, though we had 
 prolonged our llay with a view of making obfervations 
 when thn event Ihould take place. Being thus difap- 
 pomteil in our expectation, we began to prepare for 
 our departure, by getting this day on board all our cat- 
 
 11 
 
 tic, jjoultry, and other animals, except thofethtt were 
 dcl>incd to remain. The captain deligned to have left 
 a Turkey-cock and hen j but two hens having been 
 deOroyed by accident, and wflliing to c arry the breed 
 to Ouheitc, he referveil the only remaining |\-iir for that 
 place. We had brought three hens tothcfe illands, one 
 of which was llrangled, and the other was killed by a 
 ufelefs dog Iwlonging to one ot our olHcers. The cap- 
 fain afterwanU re()entcif his not having given the 
 pretcrence to Tongataboo, as the prcfent would have 
 been more valued there than at Otaheire; and he was 
 perfuaded the natives of the former illind would have 
 taken more pains to multiply the breed. On the jd, 
 we unmoored, worked out of the bav, ami moved the 
 (hips behind rangiiiuKlo<\ where we lay in readiiuls, 
 til take the .advantage of a fa\oiirable wind, i • take ii» 
 through the gut, in our way fo F.ooa-whe, or iVtiildle- 
 burgh. The kinir, who this ilay din.d with uj, took 
 particular notice of the plates; which the captain oli- 
 lerving, made him an orterot one, either of pewter, or 
 earthen-ware: he made choici o\ the full, and men- 
 tionid the liveral ulistowhuhhc intended to apply 
 ii ; two of which wltc fo very extraordinary that they 
 dtlervc to \k related. Whenever he llioiild vilit any 
 of the other illands, he laid he would leave this plate 
 behind him at I'ongaiaboo. as his repiefcniatlve, that 
 the people might, in his abfence, pay it the homage due 
 to himlelf in pcrfon. On being alked, how he had 
 uf.ially Iwen reprefented in his abfence, betiire he was 
 in pollellion of a plate, he inlbrmeil us, that this lin- 
 gular honour had always been conlerred on a wooilen 
 I'owl, in which he walhed his hands. The other ufe to 
 which he meant to apply the plate inlUad of the bowl, 
 was to difcover a thief. When any thing had beert 
 Ifolen, and the thief not detected, the people were nf- 
 fembled before him, when he walhed his hands in the 
 velfel. After this it was cleanfed, and every man ad- 
 vanced, and touched it with his hand, in the fame 
 manner as they touch his loot when they olfer him 
 obeifance. If touched by thcguilry perfon, he dropped 
 down ilead iinmediately ; and if any one refufed to 
 touch it, fuch lefulal was conlidered as a fulficient 
 proof of guilt. On Saturday the 5th, the ilay of the 
 cclipfe, the weather in the morning was cloudy, with 
 fome lliowers of rain. About nine o'clock, the fun 
 broke out at fliort intervals for about half an hour, but 
 was totally obfcured jull before the commencement of 
 the cf lipfc. The fun again appeared at intervals till 
 about the middle of the ecliplc; but wa'i fecn no more 
 during the reiiiHinderof theday, fo that we could not 
 obferve ih? eml. This difa|)pointmcnt was the lels to 
 be lamented, as the longitude was fulHciently deter- 
 mined by lunar obfervations. The cclipfe being over, 
 we packed up the inftruments, took down the obfer- 
 vatories, and every thing was coiuwcd on board. 
 None of the natives having taken the leaft notice or 
 care of the (liecp allotteil to Mareewaj;ce, thj captain 
 ordered them to be carried back to the lliips. I Ic was 
 apprehenlive, that if he Ihould leave them there, they 
 would probably be deltroyed by the dogs. Thefe ani- 
 mals did not exifl upon the illand in 1775, when Cap- 
 tain Cook tirlt vifitcd it ; but there are now plenty 
 of them among the chiefs, partly from the brcctl fince 
 that time, and partly from fome imported from an' 
 illand not very remote, called I'ecjee. At prcfent, 
 however, the dogs have not got into any of the 
 Friendly Illands, except Tongataboo. We Ihall here 
 add fomc particulars about this and its produdlion.i, 
 for which we arc indebted to Mr. Anderfon. He 
 fpcnt many weeks upon it, and had many opportu- 
 nities of gaining accurate information; and his re. 
 fearches w ill fupply the impcrfedions or deficiencies, 
 i;i our former account of this illand ; but for thefe 
 particulars, we beg leave to refer our readers to the 
 chapter following. 
 
 CHAPJ 
 
hofc thiir Mcrc 
 cd to have left 
 
 having been 
 jrry the breed 
 ^ |>air tor that 
 i'e illunitj, one 
 is killed by a 
 s. The cap- 
 j; piven the 
 ic wuiiKi have 
 
 ; and he wni 
 
 1 would have 
 
 On the 3d, 
 
 id moved the 
 
 in n-adiueCs, 
 id, t ■ take us 
 , or Miilille- 
 ivith us, t(M)k 
 c (iptain ob- 
 i>{ pewter, or 
 II, and inen- 
 iled to apply 
 iry that they 
 )iiKl vilit any 
 vc this plate 
 •ntative, that 
 ;• homage due 
 how he had 
 lelbrc he wa« 
 hat this lin- 
 m a woollen 
 e other ufe to 
 
 of the bowl, 
 ng had been 
 >p!c were af- 
 liand^ in the 
 ery mm ad- 
 
 in the (iiinc 
 icy oiler him 
 I, he dropped 
 ic refufed to 
 ; a fulfii.'icnt 
 c day of the 
 cloudy, with 
 jck, the fun 
 
 an hour, but 
 K-ncemcnt of 
 
 intervals till 
 fecn no more 
 \c could not 
 t as the lefs to 
 iently detcr- 
 fe be nig over, 
 vn the obfer- 
 d on board. 
 :aft notice or 
 , th;; captain 
 ips. I Ic was 
 m there, they 
 Thefc ani- 
 5, when Cap- 
 : now plenty 
 ie breed fincc 
 rtcd from «n' 
 
 At prefent, 
 
 any of the 
 Vc Ihall here 
 I prodiidlion!!, 
 dcrfon. He 
 lany opportu- 
 
 and his re. 
 
 deficiencies, 
 but for thcfe 
 ;adcrii to the 
 
 m 
 
 CHAPJ 
 
m 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
t 
 
 COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAOli— To ihc I'At IlIC OClvAN, &c. 465 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 \ 
 
 C M A I». VI. 
 
 /Ar (b!!ni»el^67frrvan<tiui>H ihe Frirndh ijlands^llf numhr of {Jkmti ahJ ibrir mwifi—Acrcimt ef Faijoo, lUm"oa, 
 tnJ Fffkf~-The itntrnl tharaft' r, prrfMs, manner', (nftms, liih, ami ormtmeiili «/ ibt wi.itilniils ili-fminl-^l^iirioiii 
 
 nnp '' ' '' " ' '" ' 
 
 iHTf, 
 
 ■ ' \iHjF, Jiwr/ioHS, nuirriinr, and monriiing ftremmin-^^ij loeir Miiiet ana u... 
 ^tbf p(mfr /inbtir <lMrfs, ,fhrm i>f !^(rwfmfnl, audmanMr rf faym^b^^ It ihnr fovtrfifii—'lhe ny.tl family 
 
 iDloytMilstftbfivmHfii and m^n of ihr Fri'-itdlv Illaiids-^Uic,, manntr 9/ ai^neullun ,ind ikiUin/; ihrir fmfrt—Fumi. 
 
 rf'fanof/lMh foUitf. and mwg.la(k!,-^H rapont and in/lnmrnO »f tm^ic-^l .felaHe and awm.il food'-lhttf 
 mihod oftixdimg, diverfiom, nhirria^r, and mwrnmj^ t(rewmiti-^Of ibeir dtiliaand rttmous opmon^^^lhfir F.nlookAt 
 ^rixr«niYrnfibfir(birfi, fhrm i>f ^^Twrnmfnl.audmannfr rffayinbomatr It ihnr fitirmn 
 Sptnnun<i/lbtirlanfiHagf— Nautical remarki and other ok/mmlms «« lb* Tammaku and lideu 
 
 TONGATAHCX), Amflerdain, or Tonga, (ai it li 
 fomctimcs called by the natives) it about 60 milci 
 in circuit, rather oblong, thouffh broadcrt at the eaft 
 end, and it« grtatcft length ii Trom caft to weft. The 
 fouthdiore is ftraight.conliftingof coral-rock*. eight 
 or ten feet hinli, terminating jx-rpcndicularly, except 
 in fome few placet, where it 11 interruptcti by fma 1 
 famly beaches, whereon, it low water, a range ol black 
 inckt may be feen. The weft end it not above five or 
 fix mill i brood, but has a ft>orc fomcwhat like that of 
 the fouth-fidei whereas the whole north-fidc ii en- 
 vironed with flioals and iflands, and the ftiore within 
 ihem low and fandy. The eaft-lide or end it, moft 
 probably, like the louth t as the (hore begins to afluir.c 
 a rocky appearance, towardt the N. E. point, though 
 not above leven or eight feet high. This ifland may, 
 with great propriety, be called a low one, as the irect, 
 on the weft part, where we now lay at anchor, only ap- 
 peared 1 and the eminent prt, that can be feen from a 
 Ihip, it the S. \L point 1 though many gently rifing 
 and declining grounds are oblcrvablc by one who is 
 afhore. The general appearance of the country doct 
 not afford thai beautiful kind of landfcapc that is pro- 
 duced from a variery of hillt and valleys, lawns, rivu- 
 lets, and cafcadet i but, at the fame tinw, it conve);t to 
 a fpedator an idea of the moft exuberant fertility, 
 whether we attend to the places improved by art, or 
 thofc ftill in a natural ftatei both which yield all thrir 
 vegetable proiluiilions with the grcatcft vigour, aiul 
 perpetual verdure. At a diftance, the furtacc fcen»t 
 entirely cloathed with treet of variout fizcs 1 fome of 
 which arc very lame ; but the tall cocoa-palmt raifc 
 their tufted heads high above the reft, and arc a noble 
 ornament to any country that proilucet them. The 
 boogo, afpccies of the fig, with narrow pointed leaves, 
 is the largcfl fizcd tree upon the idandi and the moft 
 common budiei, and fmall trcet, efpecially toward the 
 fca, arc the pandamus, the faitanoo, feveral fortt of the 
 hibifcus, and a few other*. A coral rock appeart to 
 be the balitof the ifland, which is the only kind of foil 
 that prcfcnts itfcif on the ftioro: nor did we fee the 
 Icaft appearance of anv other ftone, except a few finall 
 blue pebbles ftrcwea about the Fiatookas ; and a 
 fmooth folid black ftone, fomcthing like the lapis 
 lydius, of which the natives make their hatchets: but 
 thcfc laft may, probably, have been brought from other 
 iflands in the neighbourhood ; for a piece of ftatev 
 iron-coloured ftone was bought at one of them, w hich 
 was never feen here. Though, in many places, the 
 coral projctils above the furfacc, the foil is, in moft 
 pares, of a confiderablc depth. In thofe that are un- 
 cultivated, it is, commonly, of a loofc black colour ; 
 prtxkjced, feemingly, from rotten vegetables : under- 
 neath which may be a clayey ftratum 1 for a foil of 
 that kind is often feen both in the low, and in the 
 rifmg grounds ; but efpecially in feveral places toward 
 the uiore, where it is of any height ; and when broken 
 o!(, appears fomctimes of a reddifli, though oftenrr of 
 a browni ft) yellow colour, and of a pretty ftift' confif- 
 tcnce. Where the ftiorc is low, the foil is commonly 
 faody, or rather compofed of coral duft > which how- 
 ever yields buftics growing with great luxuriance ; and 
 is fometimcs plantal, not unfuccefsfully, by the natives. 
 The climate of Tongataboo, from the utuatiun towardt 
 No. 57. 
 
 the tropic, it more variable, than in countries nearer 
 to the line, though, perhaps, that might be owing to 
 the feaftin of the year, which was no- <vinrcr IbU 
 
 ftice. The winds arc, for the tr- . . , 'Voin foinc 
 point between S. and l-l. and, w>'-n ..io«1cra • arc com- 
 monly attended with f:newe.' . When they blow 
 freflicr, the weather is often cl j .ly, though open -, and 
 in fuch cafes, there is frequently ruin. The wind fume- 
 timet veers to the N. li. N. N. E. or even N. N. W. 
 but never laftt lonj', nor blows ftrong from thence 1 
 though it is commonly acc(>m|)anicd ny heavy lain, 
 and clofe fultry weather. The quick fucccfl'in of 
 vegetables has lucit alrc.uly incntioncil 1 b'lt it is not 
 certain that the change? of weather, by which it is 
 brought about, are roniiderabic enough to make them 
 perceptible to the natives as to thrir method of life, or 
 rather that they Ihould be very frnfiblc of the different 
 feafont. This, turhaps, may l)e inferred from the ftate 
 of thrir vcgctaole productions, which arc never fo 
 much alfeilltd, with refped to the foliage, as to fticd 
 that all at once 1 for every leaf is fucceedcd by another, 
 as faft at it falls ; which cauf'rs th.it appearance of uni.^ 
 verfal and continual fpring found here. 
 
 The principal of the cultivated fruits are plantains, 
 of which they have 1 c dlHirrent forts 1 brcid-fruit, two 
 kinds of fruit found at Otaheite, and known thcra 
 under the names of jamhu and cevee ; the Litter a kind 
 of plumb i and vaft numbers of (haddocks, which. 
 however, are found as often in a natural ftate, :;t 
 planted. The roou are yams, of which arc two fo :s 1 
 one black, and fo large, that it often weighs 20 or 30 
 pounds I the other white and long, feldom weighing a 
 pound. Here is a large root, called kapp.';onc, not 
 unlike our white potatoes, called mawhaha ■ :hc talo, 
 or coccos of other placet; and another, naiiicd jecjee. 
 Bcfides valt numbers of cocoa-nut trees, here are three 
 other forts of palms, two of hich - very fcarce. 
 One of them is calleii beeno ; t iiicl (• ■ ws almoft at 
 high as the cocoa-tree, hr;H V( :y large leaves plaited 
 like a fan, and clufters or bunches of globular nuts, not 
 larger than a fmall piftol ball, grow ing amongft the 
 branches, with a very hard kernel, which is fumetimcs 
 eaten. The other is a kind of cahb.igc tree, notdlf- 
 tingtiifhablc from the cocoa, but by being rather 
 thicker, and by having its leaves moic r.<ggcd. It has 
 a cabbage three or four fcer longj at the top of which 
 arc the leaves, and at the Ixntom the fruit, which is 
 fcarcely two inches long, refembling an oblong cocoa.- 
 nut, with an infipid tenacious kernel, called bv the 
 natives, necoogoola, or red-cocoa-nut, as it affumei 
 a rcddilhcaft when ripe. The third fort is called ongo 
 ongo, and much commoner, being generally found 
 planted about the Fiatookas. It feldom grows higher 
 than five feet, though fomctimes to eight i and has a 
 vaft numlKr of oval comprelfcd nuts, as large as a 
 
 1>ippin, fticking immediately to the trunk, among the 
 eaves, which arc not eat. In this ifland is plenty of 
 excellent fugai-canc, «hich is cultivatoi \ gourds, 
 bamboo, turmeric, and a fpecics of fig, about the fizc 
 of a fmall cherry, called matte, which though wild is 
 (bmctitncs eaten. The catalogue of uncultivated 
 
 Planti is too large to be enumerated. Befides the 
 tmphis, Dccafpcrnum, Mallococca, Maha, and fome 
 other n<n? genera, there arc a few more that cfcaped 
 tB br. 
 
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 (716) •72-4503 
 
 
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 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 
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 Dr. Foner'i curious eye: but, perhaps, the difTerent 
 feafons of the year, and his Ihort ftay, did not give him 
 an opportunity to notice them : in our loneer flay here, 
 not more thkn a fourth part of the trees ana plants were 
 ■ in flower i a circumftance abfblutely neceflary, to ena- 
 ble one todiftinguidi the various kinds. 
 
 In this idand arc no other Quadrupeds but hogs, 
 fome dogs, and a few rats. Fowls, which are of a large 
 breed, are domedicatcd here. Of the birds are par- 
 . rots, fomewhat fmaller than the common grey ones, 
 having an indifferent green on the back and wings, the 
 , tail bluifli, and the reil of a footy or chocolate browns 
 -parraquets, not larger than a fparrow, of a fine y:llowiih 
 green, with bright azure on the crown of thf head, 
 and the throat and belly red ; befides another Tort as 
 .large as a dove, with a blue crown and thighs, the 
 throat and under part of the head crimfon, as alio part 
 of the belly, ana the reft a beautiful green. Here 
 arc owls, about the fize of our common ones, but 
 of a much finer plumage ; cuckoos mentioned at 
 FalmerlVon's Ille; king-filhers, about the fize of a 
 thrulh, of a grecnifh blue, with a white riiu; about the 
 jieck s and a bird of the thrulh kind, almolf as big, of 
 a dull green coIouf, with two yellow wattles at the Dafc 
 of the bill, which is the only finging one we heard at 
 this place; but it compenfaces a good deal for the want 
 of other fongftcrs, by the ftrength and melody of its 
 notes, which fill the woods at dawn, in the evening, 
 and at the breaking up of bad weather. The other 
 land-birds are rails, as large as a pigeon, of a variegated 
 grey colour, with a nifty neck; a bhick fort with red 
 eyes, not larger than a lark ; violet <oloured coots, with 
 bald red crowns; two forts of fly-catchers ; a very 
 fin.ill fwallow ; and three forts of pigeons; one of 
 which is the fize of the common fort, of a light green 
 on the back and wings, with a red forehead ; and ano- 
 .ther, fomewhat lefs, of a purple brown, but whitifh 
 underneath. Of water-fowl, and fuch as frequent 
 the fea, are the ducks feen at Annamooka, though 
 fcarce here; blue and white herons; tropic birds; 
 common noddies; white terns t a new fpecies of a 
 leaden colour, with a black crefl ; a fmall bluifh cur- 
 lew; and a large plover, fpotted with yellow. Be- 
 fides the large bats, mentioned before, there is alfo the 
 common fort. The only noxious or difgufting animals 
 of the reptile or infed tribe, are fea fnakes, three feet 
 long, with black and white circles alternately, often 
 found on fhorc; fomc fcorpions and centipedes. 
 There are fine green guanoes, a foot and a half long; 
 another brow n and fpotted lizard, about a foot and a 
 half long; and two other fmall forts. Among the 
 other forts of infeds, are fome beautiful moths; butter- 
 ies; very large fpiders : and others; making, in the 
 whole, about fifty different kinds. Though the fea 
 abounds with fifh, the variety is lefs than might be ex- 
 pcded. The moft frequent forts are the mullets; par- 
 rot filh ; filver fifli ; old wives ; beautiful fpotted foles ; 
 leather jackets; bonnetos; and albicores; befides the 
 .eels mentioned at Paimerftort's ifland ; fome (harks; 
 lays; pipe fifh; a fort of pikes; and fomc curious 
 devil fifh. The numerous reefs and fhoals on the north 
 fide of the ifland, afford fhelter foranendlcfs variety of 
 fliell-filh; among which arc many much efteemed in 
 Europe; fuch as the true hammer oyfter; of which, 
 .however, none could be obtained entire; a large inden- 
 ,tatcd oyfler, and many others ; but none of the com- 
 mon fort; Panamas, cones ; a gigantic cockle, found in 
 the Eaft Indies; pcarl-fhell oyfters; and many others 
 hitherto unknown to the mofl diligent enquirers after 
 ;.that branch of natural hiftory. Here are likewife fe- 
 !vcral loru of fla-cggs; and many very fine ftar-fifh; 
 befides a conflderablc variety of corals; among which 
 arc two red forts ; the one moft elegantly branched, the 
 other tubulous. And there is no lefs variety among 
 •the crabs and cray-lifli, which abound here. 
 
 On Monday, the 7th, early in the morning, a large 
 canoe went along tide the Difcovcry, in which were 
 three men and a woman, of fuperior dignity to 9fiy her 
 company had yet fecn to come aboard. One of them, 
 fuppofea by his venerable appearance, to be the high 
 
 3 
 
 prieft,heldalongpoleorfpearinhis hand, to which 
 he tied a wnitc flag, and began an oration which laftcd 
 a conflderablc time. After it was concluded, he «f- 
 cended the fid^ of the ftiip,and fatdowii, With irtat 
 compofure,onthe quarter deck, till he was accofM by 
 capuin Gierke, whb, after the ufual faluutions, invited, 
 him, and his attendants, into the great cabin; but the 
 latter declined the invitation ; and to make known the 
 dignity of the great perfonage, in whofe prcfence they 
 were, they proftratcd thcmfclves before him, the wo- 
 men as well as the men, and kifTcd the folc of his right 
 foot. This aged iflander brought with him, as a prc- 
 fent to captain Gierke, four large hogs, fix fowls, with 
 a proportionable quantity of yams and plantains. In 
 return, the Captain gave him a printed gown, a Ghi- 
 nefelooking-glafs, fomc earthen ware. Sec. which he 
 accepted with great courtefy, and with an air of dignity, 
 which remarkably diftinguiflu-d him. The Captain 
 and officers paid him gre:at attention, and fhewed him 
 the different accommodations on board the Ihip, at 
 which he cxprcfTcd great aftonifhment. He was then 
 invited to eat, which he declined. He was offered 
 wine, of which the Captain drank firft; he put it to 
 his lips, rafted it, but returned the glafs. Having been 
 on board little more than an hour, he was defirous of 
 taking leave, and pointed to a little ifland, to which he 
 gave the Captain a very prefTing invitation to accom- 
 pany him, but as he had other entertainments in view, 
 on fliorc, that could not be complied with. This ve- 
 nerable perfon was about fix feet, three inches high, 
 finely proportioned, and had a commanding air, that 
 was both affable and graceful. We were not favoured 
 with a vifit, nor did this great man come at any time 
 on board the Refolution. 1 hough we were now ready 
 to fail, we had not fufficient day-li|:;ht to turn through 
 the narrows; the morning i^ood falling out too early, 
 and the evening flood too late. We were therefore un- 
 der a neceflity of waiting two or three days, unlefs wjt 
 Ihould be fortunate enough to have a leading wind. 
 This delay gave us an opportunity to be prelcnt at kt 
 public folemnity, to w hich the king had invited us, Who 
 faid it would be performed in a day or two. Accord- 
 ingly, he and all the people of confequcnce, rcpired 
 this day to Mooa,wherc the folemnity was to be exhibited. 
 On Tuefday the 8th, a party of us followed them. 
 Poulaho now mfornKd us, that his fon was to be ini- 
 tiated intoceruin privileges; one of which was, that 
 of eating with his father; an honour he had; not hi- 
 therto enjoyed. About eight o'clock in the morning, 
 we arrived at Mooa, where we found the king, with a 
 number of attendlnts fitting before him, within a fmall 
 dirty enclofure. They were, a^ ufual, bufied in pre- 
 paring a bowl of kava. As this was not liquor for us, 
 we went to pay a vifit to fome of our friends, and to 
 obferve what preparations were making for the cere- 
 mony, which was foon expedled to begin. About ten 
 o'clock, the people afi<:mbled in a large area before thfe 
 malaec, or great houfe. At the end of a road, opening 
 into this area, flood fcveral men with fpears and clubs, 
 reciting incelTantly fhort fcntences, in mournful accents, 
 which conveyed an idea of diftrefs. This was conti- 
 nued about an hour; during which time, many people 
 came down the road, each having a yam tied to the 
 middle of a pole, which they laid down before thofe 
 who continued repeating the fcntences. At length the 
 king and prince arrived, and feated thcmfclves upon 
 the area; and we were requeftcd to fit down by them, 
 to take ofl^our hats, and to untie our hair. The bearers 
 of the yams having all entered, each pole viu taken up 
 between two men, who carried it over their fhouflders. 
 They then formed thcmfclves in companies, of ten or 
 twelve each, and marched acrofs the place, with a rapid 
 pace, each company headed by a man who had a club 
 or fpear, and defended, on the right, by fcveral othen, 
 armed with different weapons. About two hundred 
 and fifty perfons walked in the proceflion, which was 
 clofedbya mancarryingon a pearch a living pigeon. 
 Omiah was dcfircd by captain Cook to afk the chief 
 where the yaiivs were to be carried with fo much fo- 
 lemnity ; but he feemed unwilling to give us the infor» 
 
 mation 
 
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to which 
 ch laftcd 
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 :o(lcd by 
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 nown the 
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 the wo- 
 his right 
 as a pre. 
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 fdigrilty, 
 ; Captain 
 ewed hini 
 efhip, at 
 was then 
 IS ofTered 
 put it to 
 iving been 
 efirous of 
 which he 
 to accom- 
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 This ve- 
 :hes high, 
 g air, that 
 It favoured 
 
 any time 
 now ready 
 rn through 
 too early, 
 a-efore un- 
 unlefs we 
 ling wind, 
 irelcnt at b 
 ted us, who 
 Accord- 
 re, repaired 
 e exhibited. 
 )wcd them. 
 IS to be ini- 
 h was, that 
 had not hU 
 le morning, 
 ;ing, with a 
 thin a fmall 
 (ied in pre- 
 iquor for us, 
 nds, and to 
 for the cerc- 
 
 About ten 
 a before thb 
 9ad, opening 
 s and clubs, 
 nfiil accents, 
 9 WW contt- 
 many people 
 tied to the 
 before thofe 
 \t length the 
 nfelves upon 
 wn by them. 
 
 The bearers 
 was taken up 
 sit (hotflders. 
 es, of ten or 
 , with a rapid 
 ho had a club 
 reveral othen, 
 two hundred 
 n, which 'Was 
 living pigeon. 
 a(k the chief 
 1 fo much fo- 
 e u* the infor> 
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..P0PK> THIRD and l-AST VOYAGE— To. the PACIFIC CiCEAN, &c. 467 
 
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 inttion we required : fome of us, therefore, follov ed 
 the procefHon, feemingly contrary to his inciipucion. 
 They ftpppR^ before a, Morai, or Featooka of one 
 hoate, ffaiidirtg upp^ f inruht, about a quarter of a 
 jhilefrom thjB place whf(« they had firft afleinbicd. 
 Here they depbfited the yams, and gathered them into 
 bundles t but for what purpofe we could not poflibiy 
 Icam. Ourprefenccfeeming togive them uneafmefs, 
 we returned to Foiilaho, who advifcd us to amufe our^ 
 felves by walli;^(g about, as nothing would be done for 
 a cbnfiderable tiQie. . The fear of lofing the fight of 
 Any part of the cereniony, prevented our oein^^ long ab- 
 fent. When we rccurhed to the king, he dcdrcd cap- 
 tain Cook to order the boat's crew not to prcfumc to 
 flir from the boat, for every thine would, very foon, be 
 taboo i and if any of our people, or of their own, 
 fhould be fecn unlking about, chey would certainly be 
 knocked down with clubs, if they were not matccd, that 
 U, killed. He added, that we could not be prcfent at 
 the ceremony ; but that we (hould be placed in fuch a 
 iituation, as to be able to fee every thing that pafled. 
 Ourdrefs was particularly objedled to, and Me were 
 told, that, to qualify us to be prcfent, we mu(\ be naked 
 kMlow as the brealV. that our hats mud be off, and our 
 hair untied. Omiah agreed readily to conform to 
 thefe requifitcs, and immediately began to (trip t but 
 other objections were then ftarced, and he was ex- 
 cluded equally with ourfclves. Not relifhing this 
 reftridion, the Captain ftole out, to fee what might 
 now be going forward. Very few people, however, 
 were to be feen, except thofe who were drcflcd to at- 
 tend th< ceremony j fome of whorn had in their hands 
 fmali poles, about four feet in length, to the under part 
 of which were faftcned two or three other fmall fticks, 
 about lix inches long. Thefe men were going towards 
 the Morai. The Captain took the (iime road, and was 
 frequently Aoppcd by then), all crying out taboo. How- 
 ever, he ventured to go forward till he came in fight of 
 the Morai, and of the people fitting before it. He 
 was now flrongly urged to go back, and, not knowing 
 what might be the confequence of a refufal, he com- 
 plied. He had obferved, that thofe who carried the 
 poles, palTcd the Morai ; and guefling from this cir- 
 icumliance, that fomething was tranfading beyond it, 
 he had fome thoughts of advancing, by making a 
 iDunc* for this purpofe t but he was fo narrowly ob- 
 ferved by three men, that he had no opportunity of 
 carrying his defign into execution. In order to diake 
 off there three fellows, he returned to the Malaee, 
 where he had parted from the king, and afterwards 
 made an elopement a fecond time; but he inftantly met 
 Vith the fame men, who had doubtlefs received in- 
 lirudions to watch him. However, the Captain paid 
 no attention to them, but proceeded onward till he 
 came within fight of the king's principal Fiatooka, or 
 Morai ; before which a great number of people were 
 fitting, being thofe whom he had juft feen before pafs 
 by the moral, from whence this was but a little didant. 
 Perceiving, while he was confidering v/hat he Ihould 
 do, that he could obferve the proceedings of this com- 
 pany from the , king's plantation, he repaired thither, 
 accompanied by feveral of his people. The number 
 of perfons at the Fiatooka continued increafing for 
 fome time; and at length, they quitted their fitting 
 pofture, and marched off in proceflion. They walked 
 in jjairs, every pair carrying between them, one of the 
 finall poles on their fiioulders. We were informed, 
 that the fmair pieces of fticks, faflened to the poles, 
 were yams : it is therefore probable, that they were 
 meant to reprefent that root emblematically. The 
 hindmoft man of each couple placed one of his hands 
 10 the middle of the pole, as if it were not ftrong enough 
 tocarrv the weight that hung upon it, and under which 
 they all feemed to bend as they proceeded. This pro- 
 ceflion confifted of one hundred and eight pairs, chiefly 
 then or rank. Having feen them all pafs, we repaired 
 to Poulaho'a houfe, and faw him going out. We were 
 •*** PCfinitted to follow him; but were immediately 
 conduced to the place allotted to us. behind a fence ad- 
 
 i'oining to the area of the, Fiatooka^ where the yams had 
 leen (Kpofited in the morning. 
 
 When arrived at our flatiori, we faw two or three 
 hundred pcrfoh*i fitting on the grafs, near the end of 
 the road opening intn the area of the Morai ; and 
 others were continually joining them. At length, ar- 
 rived a few men, each carrying fome fmall poles and 
 branches, or leaves of the cocoa-nut tree. As foon as 
 they appeared, an old man feat(d himfeif in the road, 
 and pronounced a lone oration in a fcrious majcflic 
 tone. He then retired, and the others advancing to 
 the middle of the area, began to ered a fmall fhcd or 
 hut; employing, for that purpofe, the materials already 
 mentioned. Their work being finiflied.thcy all fquatted 
 down for a moment before it, then rofe up, and joined 
 the reft of the company. Foulaho's fon arrived foon 
 after, preceded by four or five male attendants. After 
 them apixared about twelve or fourteen women of thrf 
 firft rank, advancing flowly in pairs, each pair carrying 
 between them a narrow piece of white cloth, about 
 two or three yards in length. They approached the 
 prince, fquaticd dow n before him, and wrapped fome 
 of the pieces of cloth round his body; they then rofe 
 up, and retired in the fame order, to fome diftance on 
 his left, where they feated thcmfelvcs. Poulaho now 
 made his appearance, preceded by four men, walking 
 two and two abreatt, and fat down on his Ion's left haiu^ 
 at a fmall diftance from him. The young prince thcii 
 quitted his firft pofition, and feated himlelt under the 
 fhed, with his attendants ; many others placing thcm- 
 fclves on the grafs before this royal canopy. The 
 prince fat facing the people, with his back to the Mo- 
 rai. 1 hrce con'^panies, of about ten or a dozen men 
 in each, ftarted up from among the crowd, foon after 
 each other, and, running hadily totheoppofite fide, 
 fat down for a few feconds; and then returned, in the 
 fame manner, to their former ftations. To them fuc- 
 cccded two men, each having a fmall green branch in 
 his hand, who rofe and advanced towards the prince, 
 fitting down for a few minutes three different times, as 
 they approached ; and retired in the fame manner, in- 
 clining their branches to each other as they fat. Af- 
 terwards two others repeated the fame ceremony. The 
 grand procelTion, which marched from the other*\lo- 
 rai, now began to come in. As they entered the area, 
 they proceeded to the right of the flicd, and, having 
 proftrated themfelvcs on the grafs, depoficed their pre- 
 tended heavy burdens, (the poles) and faced round to 
 the prince. They then rofe up, and retired in the 
 fame order, clofing their hands with the moft ferious 
 afped, and feated thcmfelvcs along the front of the 
 area. While this numerous band were entering, and 
 depofiting their poles, three men, who fat with the 
 prince, continued pronouncing feparate fentences, in a 
 mournful melancholy tone. A profound filence now 
 cnfued for a (hort time, after which a man who fat in 
 the front of the area, began a kind of oration, during 
 which, at feveral different times, he broke one of the 
 poles which had been brought in. Having concluded 
 his oration, the people fitting before the fhed, feprated, 
 to make a lane, through which the prince and his at- 
 tendants paffed, and the affembly clofed. 
 
 Satisfied with what we had already feen, fome of our 
 party now returned to the fliips ; but captain Cook, and 
 fome more of the officers, remained at Mooa, to fee the 
 conclufion of the folemnity, which was not to be till 
 the day following. The fmall poles, which had been 
 brought by thofe who walked in proceflion, being left 
 on the ground, after the crowd had difperfed, the cap- 
 tain examined, and found that, to the middle of each, 
 two or three fmall fticks were tied, as has been related* 
 They were probably intended as only artificial repre- 
 fentations of finall yams. Our fupper, confifting of 
 fifh and yams, was got ready about fcven o'clock. The 
 king fuppcd with us, and drank fo freely of brandy 
 and water, that he retired to bed with a fuflicient dofe. 
 We continued the whole night in the fame houfe with 
 him and his attendants. About one or two o'clock in 
 the morning, on Wednefday, the 9th, they waked, con- 
 
 verfed 
 
 ik I 
 
 '0 
 
 i 
 
 ■ii 
 
468 
 
 Capt. 
 
 C O O K*s 
 
 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I 
 
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 111 
 
 vericd fortibout an hour, and then went to deep again. 
 All. ctccpt Poulaho, rofe at break of da/( foon after 
 which, a woman, one of tho(« who g^nenillf attended 
 Upon the king, canw in, and fitting (Mwn l» hirit, im- 
 mediatcty bepin the fame operation that haa been prac 
 tifcd upon Futtafaihe,.upping, or beitins gtntly, with 
 her clenched fifts, on hu thighat bat tm«, inftead of 
 promoting repofe, had the contraiydfcA,and he awoke. 
 Captain Odok and Omiah paid now a vilk to the prince, 
 who had parted from ua early in the preceding even- 
 ing; for he did not lodge with the king, but in apart- 
 ment* of his own, at fome diftance from his fiitncr's 
 houfe. We found him with a circle of youths, about 
 hisowrfage, fitting before him; alfo an old'mah and 
 woman. There wetc others, of both fexes. employed 
 about their ncceflary affairs, who probably belonged 
 to his houihold. We now returned to the king, who 
 had a crowded levee before him. confifting principally 
 of old men. While a bowl of kava was preparing, a 
 baked hog and yams, fmoaking hot, were introducnl j 
 the greateft part of which fell to our iharei for thefc 
 people, efpecially the kava drinkers, cat very little in 
 the morning. We afterwards walked out, and vilited 
 fevcral other chiefs, all of whom were taking their 
 morning draught, or had already taken it. Returning 
 to the king, we found him afleep in a retired hut, 
 with two women patting him. AiMut 'eleven o'clock 
 he made his appearance among us. partook of fome 
 ftfh and yams, and asain lay down to fleep. We how 
 left him, and waited on the prince, with a prefent of 
 cloth, beads and other articles. There was a fufficicnt 
 quantity of cloth to make him a complete fuit, and he 
 -was immediately clad in his new habiliments. Proud 
 pf his drcfs. he firft went to exhibit himfelf to his fa- 
 ther. and then conduced Captain Cook ta his mother, 
 with whom were about a dozen other women, of a 
 very refpcAabte appearance. Here the princechanged 
 his apparel, and made the Captain a prefent of two 
 pieces of cloth which had been manufadlured in the 
 ifland. It was now about noon. when, by appoint- 
 ment, the Captain repaired to the palace to dinner: 
 which was foon after ferved up. and confifted of two 
 pigs and fome yams. The drowfy monarch was 
 rouzed to partake of what he had ordered for our en- 
 tertainment. Two mullets, and fome (heil-fifh. were in- 
 troduced, as if intended for his feparate portion. But 
 he added it to our fare, fat down with us, and made a 
 hearty meal. Dinner being over, we were informed 
 that the ceremony wouSd foon begin, and were ftridly 
 enjoined not to venture out. 
 
 Captain Cook had refolved, however, to peep no 
 longer from behind the curtain, but. if poffible. to mix 
 with the aftots themfelves. With this view he walked 
 towards the Moral, the fcene of the fokmnity. He 
 wasdefircd frequently to return ; but he paid no regard 
 to the admonitions he had received, and was permitted 
 to walk on. When arrived at the Moral, he faw a 
 number of men feated on the fide of the area. A few 
 alfo were fitting on the oppofite fide, and two men in 
 the middle, with their faces towards the Moral. 
 When Captain Cook had got into the midft of the 
 - firft company, he was defircd to fit down, which he ac- 
 cordingly did. Where he fat, a number of fmall bun- 
 dles ware lying, coropofed of cocoa-nut leaves, and 
 faftened to fticEs made into the form of hand-barrows. 
 All the information he could get concerning them was. 
 that they were taboo. From time to time, one or ano- 
 ther of the company turned to thofe who were coming 
 to join us, and made a flwrt fpeech, in which we re- 
 marked, that the word arekce (king) was generally 
 mentioned. Something was faid by one man that pro- 
 ^ucod loud,burfts of laughter from all around t others, 
 of the fpeakcrs, were alfo mucbappkuded. The Cap- 
 tain was frequently defired to leave the place; but, at 
 lensth. finding him determined to ftay, they requefted 
 him to uncover hu ftioulders. In like manner as they 
 had done. This he readily complied with, and then 
 thev no longer fcaned uneafy at his prefence. The 
 Wince, the women, and the king, at length appeared, as 
 they had dona the prefxdii^ day. The prince being 
 
 j^laccd under ithe Ihed, two men, each havfng a piece 
 of m«, came, mieating fohiething in a very feriout 
 ftrain, and put them about him. The people now 
 began their petformances, and different comMniea ran 
 backwaiM and forward acrolk the area, as in m fotmir 
 day. Prefently afterwards, the two men (n'th«mi4. 
 die of the area, made a ftiort fpeech, and thea the 
 Hrhole companj^ rofe up, and placed themfelves belbre 
 theflied in which the prince, and three or four men 
 were feated. Che of the company, who fcemed very 
 defirous of obliging the Captain, procured him fuch a 
 fituation. that, if he could have made ufc of his eyes, 
 nothing could have efcaped him. But it was neceffaiy 
 to have a demure countenance and downcaft looks. 
 The proceflion now arrived, as on the day before i a 
 [lole, with a cocoa-nut leaf plaited round the middle 
 of it, being carried on the (houlders of every two pcr- 
 fons. Thefe were depoftted with the fame ccremonica 
 as on the day before. After this fucceedcd another pitv. 
 ceflron, compofed of men who brought bafkcts, made 
 of palm-leaves, fuch as are generally ufcd by thofc 
 people to carry provifions in. A third proccfTion fol- 
 lowed, in which a variety of fmall fifh, each placed at 
 the end of a forked 'flick, were brought. An old man, 
 who fat on the prince's right hand, without the fhed, 
 received the bafkets, each of which he kept in his hand, 
 making a fiiort fpeech or prayer; then laying that afide, 
 he called foranother, repeating the fame kind of prayer; 
 he proceeded in this manner till he had gone through 
 the whole number of balkcts. Two men, who. till this 
 time, had in their hands green branches, and were 
 ftatcd on the left, received the fifli one by one, as they 
 were prefented to them on the forked flicks. The firil 
 fiih they laid down on their right hand, and the liccond 
 on their left. The third being prefented, a ftoutiih man^ 
 who was feated behind the otner two, endeavoured to 
 feize it, as did alfo the other two at the fame time. 
 Thus every fiftj was contended for; but the man be- 
 hind, on account of his difadvantageous. fituation, got 
 only pieces; for he never quitted nis hold till the fifh 
 was torn out of his hand. What the others got, were 
 laid on the right and left. At laft the perfon behind 
 got pofTcfTion of a whole fifh, the other two not even 
 touching it. Upon this, the word mareeai (very good) 
 was pronounced in a low voice throughout the \;hole 
 crowd. It appeared, that he had now done all that wat 
 expeded from him; for he did not contend for the 
 other fifli. The peifons who brought in thefe tMdkett 
 and fifli. delivered them fitting ; and in the fiime man- 
 ner, the poles carried in the firft proceflion. lud been 
 placed on the ground. At the clofc of the laft pro- 
 ceflion, there was fpeaking fentinnents and prayiiig bf 
 ' different perfons. Then on a fignal being given, we aU 
 rofe up, ran fevcral paces, and fat down, with ourbacka 
 to the prince. The Capuin was bid not to look behiikl 
 him : but he was not difcouraged by this injundion fkom 
 fiicing about. The prince hadnow turned his fiicc to the 
 Moral, and from that moment he was admitted to the 
 honour of eating with his father; and a piece of roaftcd 
 yam was prefented to each of them for that purpofo. 
 Soon after we turned about, forming a kind of femi- 
 circle before the prince, and leaving an open fpace be- 
 tween us. PrefiEntly fome men advanced towards us. 
 two and two, bearing hrge poles upon their fhouldcrs. 
 wavine their handj as they proceeded, and making a 
 noife uke finging. When rfear us, they made a fhe«r 
 of walking qukk, without advancing a fingic ftep, f^ 
 veral men armed with large flicks, immediately ftarte4 
 from the crowd, aitd ran towards the new vifitors, bnc 
 they inftantly made off, having thrown down the pdea 
 from their fhoulders. The others attacked the poles* 
 and having beat them moft furioufly, returned to their 
 
 f ibices. The former, as they ran off, gave the chal* 
 enge ufed here in wreftling; and, in a fhort tii|ie,'foine 
 lofty fiellows came from the fame quarter, repeatms the 
 challenge as they approached. 'Thef^ were rcfifteo by 
 a company, who arrived at that inftant from the oppo* 
 fite fide. Both parties, however, returned to their owti 
 quarter, after having paraded about the area for fome 
 minutes. Afterwarda, for the fpace of half an hour, 
 
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 CUOK's THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— lo the PACIFIC OCEAN, tec. 469 
 
 wreftlingand boxing matchei fucceedcd. Spefchw 
 were then delivered by two men, who feited themfc IvM 
 before the prince, with which chefolemnitj ended, and 
 the whole »fletnbly broke up. 
 
 In vain did he endeavour to find out the purport of 
 thia folemnity, called by the natives natche. All the 
 •nfwer we received to our emjuiriei, wai taboo, which, 
 at hM been already obferved. u applied tomany things. 
 There wu a folemn mvftery In the whole tranfadlionj 
 and from the manner of performing it, as well as the 
 t)lace where it was performed, it was evident there is 
 a mixture of religion in the inllitution. Upon no 
 other occafion had they regarded our drefs and de- 
 portmentt but now it was required, that our hair 
 Ihould flow about our (houldcrs; that we (hould be 
 uncovered to the waift; fit croft legged; and have our 
 hands locked together. It fliould i)C obferved alfo, 
 that none but the principal people, and thofe who were 
 concerned in thecercmonie:;, were admitted to aflift in 
 the celebration of jhe folcmnity. All thefc circum- 
 {lanccs pointed out Evidently, that they fuppofcd thcm- 
 felves acting under the infpetflion of a fuprcme being 
 upon this occafion. From this account of the natche, 
 it may be confidercd as merely figurative. The few 
 yams that werefeen the firft da;^, could not be meant 
 as a general contribution; and it was intimated to us, 
 that they were a portion confecrated to the Otooa, or 
 Divinity. We were informed that, in the fpacc of 
 thrte months, there would be rcprefented a more im- 
 portant folemnityi on which occafion the tribute of 
 sTongauboo. Hapaee, Vivaoo, and all the other iflands, 
 would be brou^t to the chief, and more awfully con- 
 firmed, by facnlicing ten human vidlims from among 
 the people. A homd folemnity indeed! On oui in- 
 quiring into the occafion of fo barbarous a cuftom, wc 
 were informed that it was a nccefliiry part of the 
 natche; and that if omitted, the Deity would dedroy 
 their king. The day w as for fpent before the breaking 
 up of the aiTcmbly i and as wc were at fonie diftnnce 
 Iromthe (hips, we were impatient to fct out from 
 Mooa. Taking leave of Poulalio, he prcllcd us car- 
 neftly to (lay tin the next day, in order to be prcfcnt 
 at a funeral ceremony. The wife of Marecwagee, his 
 mothcT-in-law, had lately died; and, on account of 
 the natche, her corps had been carried on board a ca- 
 noe in the lagoon. He faid, that when he had paid 
 the laft offices to her, he would attend us to Eooa; but 
 if we did not chufe to wait, he would follow us thi- 
 ther. Wc would gladly have been prefcnt at this cere- 
 jnony, had not the tide been now favourable. The 
 wind too, which had been very boi(lerous,was now mo- 
 derate and fettled. Bcfidcs, wc were told, that the fu- 
 neral ceremonies would continue five days, which, as 
 the (hips lay in fuch a fituation that we could not put 
 to Tea at pleafure, was too lon^ a time to Oay. The 
 Captain, however, aflfurcd the King, that if he did not 
 immediately fail, he would vi(it him again the next 
 day. While wc were attending the na^ciie, at Mooa, 
 the Captain ordered the horfes, bull, and other cattle, 
 to be brought thither, thinking they would be fafcr 
 there, than at a place that would be, in a great mea- 
 fure, deferted, the moment after our departure. Be* 
 fides, we had left with our friends here, a young Eng- 
 lifli boar, and three young Englifh fows. I'hey w ere 
 exceedingly defirous of them, naturally fuppofing they 
 would greatly improve their own breed, which are but 
 firuill. Feenou alfo got two rabbits from us, a buck 
 and a doe, from which young ones were produced be- 
 fore we fiiiled. Should the cattle profper, the acqui- 
 fition to thcfe iflanda will be great ; and as Tongataboo 
 is a fine level country,, the horfes will be extremely 
 ufeful. Wc now all, the evening being far advanced, 
 took leave of th« king, and arrived at our (hips about 
 eight o'clock. 
 
 On Thurfday, the loth, we weighed, about eight 
 o'clock A. M. and with a fteady gale at S. E. turned 
 through the channel, between the fnuU ifles, called 
 Makkahaa, and Monooafai, it being much wider than 
 the channel between the laft mentioned ifland and 
 Pangimodoo. The flood, at firft fct ftrong in our fa> 
 No- 57- 
 
 [ vour, till we were the length of the channel leading up 
 to the lagooHi where theeaftward Hood meets that from 
 the weft. This, Nvith the indraught of the lagoon, and 
 of the Ihoals before it, occaiions ftrong riphngi and 
 whirlpools. Bcfidcs thcfe difadvantages, the depth of 
 the channel excieds the length of a cable 1 confcqucntiy 
 there can be no anchorage, except tlofe to the rocks, 
 in forty and forty-five fathoms water. Where a (liip 
 would be cxpofcd to the whirlpooU. The Captain, 
 therefore, abandoned the dcfign he had formed of com- 
 ing to an anchor, when we were t+irough the narroVsj 
 and afterwards of making an cxcurfion to fee the fune.> 
 ral. He rather chofc to oc abfcnt from that ceremony, 
 than to leave the (hips in fo dangerous a fituation. 
 We plied to windward, between the two tides, till it was 
 near high water, without cither gaining or lofing an 
 inch, when wc fuddenly got into the influence of the 
 eaftcrn tide, where we expcded the ebb torunftrongly 
 in our favour. It proved, however, very inconfulcr- 
 ahle: at any other time it would not have been no-^ 
 ticed: but by this circuniftance we were led to con.< 
 elude, that niofl of the water, which flows into the la- 
 goon, comes from the N. W. and returns the fame 
 way. Convinced that wc could not get to fea before it 
 was dark, wc caft anchor under the (horc of Tongataboo, 
 in 4$ fathoms water. The Difcovery dropped her an-" 
 chor under our flcin; but drove off the tank before 
 the anchor took hold, and did not recover it till ncai" 
 midnight. On Friday, tlie nth, near noon, we weighed 
 and plied to the callward. At ten o'clock P. M. we 
 weathered the call end of the illand, and flretched away 
 for Middleburgh', which the inhabitants call Eooa, or 
 Ea-oowhe. Wc anchored about eight o'clock A. M. 
 of the 1 Jth, on the S. W. fide of the ifland, ih 40 fa- 
 thoms water, over a bottom of fand, interfperfcd with 
 coral rocks; the extremes of the ifland extending from 
 N. 40 deg. E. to S. 2 2 deg. W. the high land of Eooa, 
 S. 45 deg. E. and Tongataboo, from N. 70 deg. W. to 
 N. 19 deg. W. diftant about half a mile from the (horc 1 
 being nearly the fame place where Captain Cook took 
 his Itation in 1773, and which he named Engli(h Road. 
 We had no fooner anchored, than the natives came on 
 board with an littic ceremony, as if they had been ac- 
 quainted with us for many years. They brought uS 
 the produce of the ifland: but being already fupplied 
 with every neccHary of that kind, our chief traflic was 
 for birds and feathers. Here the parrots and parro- 
 
 ?|uets were of the moft beautiful plumage, far (urpaf- 
 ing thofe ufually imported into I.urope from tlie In- 
 dies ; there are a great variety of other birds, on which 
 many gentlemen in both rtiips put a great value, though 
 they were piirchafcd for trifles. The feathers we pro- 
 cured, v/erer ' ii vers colours, for difi'crent markets, but 
 chiefly forth :.i. irjuefas and Society Ifles. We alfo 
 purchafed clot! and many other articles of curious 
 workmanrtiip, tlie artifcs of this ifland, for invention 
 and ingenuity in the execution, exceeding thofe of all 
 the other iflands in the South Seas: but what particu-* 
 larly invitnd our (lay here, was the richnefs of thegrafs, 
 which, made into hay, proved excellent food for our 
 live flrock. Among others, Taoofa the chief, vifited 
 us on board, and fcemed to rejoice much at our arri- 
 val. This perfon had been Captain Cook's Tayo, in 
 1773, and, therefore, they were not (Irangersto each 
 other. The Captain accompanied him a(hore in fearch 
 of fredi water, the procuring of which was the main 
 objedl which brought us to Middleburgh. VVe had 
 heard at Amfterdamof a (Iream at this illand, which, 
 it was faid, runs from the hills into the fea: but this 
 was not to be found. The Captain was conduced tp 
 a brackifli fpring, among rocks, between low and high- 
 water mark. When they perceived, that wc did not 
 approve of this, wc were (hewn a little way into the 
 illand; where, in adecpchafm, wc found fome excel- 
 lent water; which, at the expence of fome time and 
 trouble, might be conveyed to the (hore, by means of 
 fpouts and troughs, provided for that purpofe : but ra- 
 ther than undertake fo tedious a talk, we refted con- 
 tented with the fupply the flm» had received at Ton- 
 gataboo. At this ifland of Eooa w^ landed the ram 
 
 6 C 
 
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 "ii 
 
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4TO 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAOES COMPLETE. 
 
 m\: ' 
 
 and two cwn, of the Cape of Good Hope breed, and 
 cotnntitted them to the care of Taoofa, who Teemed 
 protid of his charse. It was, perhaps, a fortunate cir- 
 aimdance, that Vlarecwagce, for whom they were in- 
 tended, had (lighted the prefcnt i for as Eooa had no 
 6og» upon it, at prefcnt, it feemed to be a fitter place 
 for feeding (brcp than Tongataboo. While we lay 
 at anchor, the ifland of Rnoa, or Middlcburgh, had a 
 very dilfcrcnt afped from an^ one that we had lately 
 feen, and formed a mod beautiful landfrapr. It is the 
 highed of any wc had fecn lincc wc had left New Zea- 
 land, and from its fummit, which appears to be almod 
 flat, declines gradually towards the lea. The other iflcs, 
 which form this clurter, being level, the eye cannot 
 difcover anv thing except the trees that cover them : 
 but here the land, riling gently upwards, prefents 
 an extenfive profped, where groves, in beautiful dif- 
 order, are interfpcrfcd at irregular diOanccs. Near the 
 fhore, it is auite Ihaded with a variety of trees, among 
 which are placed the habitations of the natives, and to 
 the right of our ftation was one of the moft exten- 
 five groves of cocoa-palms that we had ever fccn. 
 
 Sunday the 13th, a party of us, in the afternoon, 
 afcended to the highi-ll part of the ifland, a little to 
 the right of our fliips, to have a perfcdl view of the 
 country. Having advanced about half way up, we 
 croflrd a deep valley, the bottom and fides of which 
 were covered w ith trees. Wc found plenty of coral 
 till wc approached the fuminits of the higheft hills: 
 the foil near the top, is in general, a rcddilh clay, which 
 in many places is very deep. On the moft elevated 
 
 Eart of the ifland, wc ftwa round platform, fupperted 
 y a wall of coral ftoncs. Our guides informed us, 
 that this mount had been ereded by command of their 
 chief; and the principal people fometimcs reforted 
 there to drink kava. They called it Etchee, by which 
 name an crcdion wa» diftinguiflied which we had fecn 
 at Tongataboo. At a fmall diftance from it was a 
 fpring of moft excellent water; and, about A mile 
 lower down, a ftream, which, wc were told, ran into 
 the fea, when the rains are copious. We alio dif- 
 covered water in fevcral fmall holes, and fuppofe that 
 plenty might be found by digging. From this eleva- 
 tion we had a complete view of the whole ifland, ex- 
 cept a fmall part to the fouth. The S. E. fide, from 
 which the hills we- were now upon are not far diftanr, 
 rifes with great inequalities, immediately from the fea ; 
 fo that the plains and meadows lie all on the N. W. 
 fide; which being adorned with tufts of trees, inter- 
 mixed with plantations, form a moft deCightful land- 
 fcapc in every point of view. While the captain was 
 furvcying this enchanting profpcdl, he enjoyed the 
 pleanng idea, that fomc future navigators might, from 
 the fame eminence, behold thofe meadows ftockcd with 
 cattle, brought by the ftiips of England ; and that the 
 completion of this fingic benevolent purpofe, exclufive 
 of all other confideraitions, would lufticiently prove, 
 that our voyages had not been ufelefs. We found on 
 this height, befides the plants common on the neigh- 
 bouring ifles, a fpccies ofacrofticum, melaftoma, and 
 fern trees. All, or moft of the land on this ifland, we 
 were told, belonged to the chiefs of Tongataboo ; the 
 inhabitants being only tenants, or vaflals to them. This 
 feemed, indeed, to be the cafe at all the neighbouring 
 jftes, except Annamooka, where fome of ihe chicfi 
 feemed to adt with a degree of independence. Omiah, 
 who \na much cftecmed by Feenou, and many others, 
 was tempted with the offer of being appointed a 
 chief of this ifland, if he would continue among them; 
 and he feemed inclinable to have accepted the offer, 
 had he not been advifed to the contrary by Captain 
 Cook ; thou^ not becaufc he thought he would do 
 better for hin^elf in his native ifle. Returning from 
 our country excuriion, we heard that a party of the 
 natives, in the quarter where our people traded, had 
 ftruck one of their countrymen with a club, which 
 fraifbiicd his ikull, and afterwards broke his thigh with 
 the fame. Not any figns of life were remaining, when 
 he was carried to a neighbouring houfe, bur, in a fliort 
 time he recovered a little. On our defiring to know 
 
 the reafon of fuch an a^ of fevcrity, wc were informed, 
 that the offender had been difcovercd in an indelicate 
 fituation with a woman who was taboo'd. We foon 
 underftood, however, that Ihe was nontherwife taboo'd, 
 than by belonging to another, fuperior in rank to her 
 gallant. From this incident, we dill ovcrcd how thefc 
 people puniftj fuch infidelities : but the female finner 
 has a much milder corre<!tion for her crime, receiv- 
 ing only a flight remonftrance, and a very gentle 
 beating. 
 
 On Monday the lAth, in the morning, we planted a 
 pine-apple, fomc feeds of melons, and otlier vegetables, 
 m a plantation belonging to the chief. We had good 
 reafon, indeed, to fiippole, our endeavours of this Itind 
 would not be fruitlefs ; for a difli of turnips was, this 
 day, ferved up at his table, which wat the produce of 
 the feeds that were left here in 177 j. The next day 
 being fixed upon by the captain for failing, Taoofa 
 prefled us to (tay a little longer. We muft here ob- 
 fcrve, that in the account of Captain Cook's former 
 voyage, he calls the only chief he met with at this 
 place Tioony; but wc are inclined to think, from th« 
 information of a gentleman of veracity, on board the 
 Difcovery, at this time, tliat Tioony and Taoofa arc 
 one and die fiimc perfbn. His intreaties, together 
 with the daily expectation of receiving a vifit from 
 fome of our friends at Tongataboo, induced us to defer 
 our departure. On Tuefoay the 15th, we received 
 from Taoofa a prefcnt confilting of two little heaps of 
 yams, and a quantity of fruit, which feemed to nave 
 been colleded as at the other ifles. On this occafion 
 the greateft part of the inhabitants of the ifland had 
 afTemblcd ; and, as we had many times experienced, oi» 
 fuch numerous meetings among their neighbouring 
 iflanders, gave us no fmall trouble to prevent their pil. 
 fcring. Cudgelling, wreftling, and boxing, were ex- 
 hibited for our entertainment ; and in the latter ex- 
 ercifes, combatants of both fexes engaged. Thefc 
 divcrfions were to be finiflicd with thebomai, or i\ight 
 dance, but the following accident prevented our flay- 
 ing on fliore to fee it. From the accounts circulated 
 through the fliips when we arrived, it was generally 
 believed, that we might travel through this ifland with 
 our pockets open, provided they were not lined with 
 iron; but to this, the behaviour of a party of the in- 
 h ibitants to William Collet, captain's-fteward of the 
 Difcovery, is an exception. Being alone, diverting 
 himfelf in furvcying the country, he was fet upon and 
 ftripped of every thing, his ftioes only excepted, and 
 on preferring his complaint, his keys were all that he 
 was able to recover. When Captain Ccok heard of 
 this robbery, he fcized two canoes, and a large hog ; at 
 the fame time infifling on the chief's not only caufing 
 the apparel to be reftored, but alfo on the offenders 
 being delivered up to him. Taoofa feemed greatly 
 concerned at what had happened, and took the neceU 
 fary fteps to fatisfy us. Tne people who had as ufual 
 affembled together, were fo alarmed at this affair, that 
 moft of them immediately fled. However, when they 
 were informed, that the captain meant to take no other 
 meafurcs to revenge the infult, they returned. One 
 of the delinquents was foon delivered up, and a fhirt, 
 and pair of trowfers reftored. The remainder of the 
 ftolen things not coming in till the evening, the captain 
 was obliged to leave them, in order to go aboard ; the 
 fea running fo high, that it was extreamly difficult for 
 the boats to get out of the creek even with day light, 
 and would be attended with much more danger in the 
 dark. He returned on ftiore again the next morning, 
 taking with him a prefent for Taoofa, in return for what 
 he had received from him. Being early, there were 
 but few people at the landiTig-place, and even thofe 
 few not without their fears and apprehenfions ; but en 
 the captain's defiring Omiah to affure them, that we 
 did not mean to injure them, and having reftored the 
 canoes, and releafed the offender, who had been de- 
 livered up, they refumed their ufual chearfulnefs, and 
 a large circle was prefently formed, in which the chief 
 and the principal men of the ifland took their refpec* 
 tive places. At length the remainder of the cLoaths 
 
 were 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAr.E— To the PACIFIC 0C:EAN. *cc. 471 
 
 were 
 
 were brought in, but having Ueen torn hIT the man'i 
 back by piccen, they were not thought worth carrying 
 on board. Taoofa (hared the prcfent he hail received, 
 with three or four other chieft, referving onlf^n fmall 
 part for himfelf, Thii donation fo far cxcceiWd their 
 expedlation, that a venerable old man told the captain, 
 they were not defcrving of it, confulr ig how little he 
 had received from them, and the ill treatment Mr. 
 Collet had met with. Captain Cook continued with 
 them, till they had emptied their bowl of kava 1 and 
 then, after paying for the hog, which he had taken 
 the day before, returned on board, in company with 
 Taoofa, and one of Poulaho'i fervants, by whom he 
 fent a piece of bar-iron, as a parting mirk of eOeem 
 for that chief. This was as valuable a prcfent as any 
 the captain could make. Orders had been given the 
 preceding diy for failing, and Otaheite was appointed 
 our place of rendcxvous, in cafe of feparation. , V\'c 
 had now been more than twft months improving our 
 live flock, w<x)ding, watering,' repairing our (hips, and 
 laying in frelh provifiom from' thefc Friendly Iflands, 
 The crews of both (hips received thefe orders with 
 alacrity 1 for though they wanted for nothing, yet they 
 iongecl to be at Otaheite, where fomc of them had 
 formed connciftions that were dear to them, and where 
 thofe, who had not yet been there, had conceived fo 
 high an idea of its fuperiority, as to make them look 
 upon every other place they touched at as an unculti- 
 vated garden, in comparifon with that little I'!den. 
 
 We were therefore all in high fpirits this morning j 
 for foon after the captain had fent off his prrfint by 
 Poiilaho's fervant, we weighed, and with a light brrer.e 
 ftood out to fea, when Taoofa and other natives, who 
 were in the fliip, lett us. We found, on heaving up 
 the anchor, that the cable had been much wounded 
 by the rocks ; b fides which we experienced, that a 
 prodigious fwell rolls in there from the S. W. fo that 
 the bottom of this road is not to be depended on in 
 all weathers. We now (\eered our courfe to the 
 fouthward, to fetch a wind to carry us to our intended 
 portt and we obferved a failing canoe entering the 
 creek before which we had anchored our (liips. A 
 few hours after, a fmall canoe, condu(ftcd by four men, 
 came off to us; for having but little wind, we were flill 
 at no conliderable diflancc from the iantl. Wc were 
 informed by thefe men, that the failing canoe, which 
 wc had fcen arrive, had brought dirci'Hons to the 
 people of Eooa, to furnilh us with hogs, and that the 
 king and other chiefs would be with us in the fpace of 
 three or four days. They therefore roqucftcd, tha' we 
 would return to our former flation. We had no rea- 
 fon to doubt the truth of this information! but being 
 clear of the land, it was not a fulHcient inducement to 
 bring us back ; efpccially, as we had already a fuffi- 
 cient ftock of frefn provilions to laft us in our paf- 
 fage to Otaheite. Bclides Taoofa 's prcfent, we received 
 a large quantity of yams, &c. at Eooa, in exchange for 
 nails ; and added confiderably to our fupply of hogs. 
 Finding wc were determined not to return, thefe peo- 
 ple left us in the evening, as did fomc others, who 
 had come off in two canoes, with cocoa-nuts and (had- 
 docks, to barter for what they could get ; their eager- 
 nefs to polTcfs more of our commodities, inducing 
 them to follow us to fea, and to continue their inter- 
 courfe with us to the lad moment. 
 
 As we have now taken leave of the Friendly Iflands, 
 a few obfervations wc made refpedHng thefe, and others 
 in their neighbourhood, may not be unworthy the 
 notice of our readers. Durii^; a cordial intercourfeof 
 between two and three months with their inhabitants, 
 it may be reafonably fuppofed differences muftarife; 
 feme, indeed, occafionally happened, on account of 
 their natural propenfity to thieving, though too fre- 
 quently encouraged by the negligence and inattention 
 ©four people on duty. Thefc little mifunderftandings 
 and differences were never attended with any fatal 
 confequences, and few, belonging to our (hips, parted 
 from their friends without regret. The time we con- 
 tinued here was not thrown away ; and as, in a great 
 3 
 
 mcafure, our fubfillcnce was drawn from the pr<Klu( c 
 ot the illands, we expcmlrd very littleof our (ta pro- 
 vilionsi and wc carried with m a ('iiHi:irnt (jiuntity of 
 rcfrcfhments, to fupplv m nil our arrival ar aivnht.T 
 flation, where we could again rt-truit: norvva»itli|» 
 plcaling to us, that we had an opjxinnnitv of Icrvmg 
 thefe friendly people, by Iciving I. .me ufcful nninials 
 among themi and that tliofc intended f(jr Oi.il.cite, 
 had acquired frcfti ftrcnKtli in tlic palluics ol loiiga- 
 taboo. The advantages wc rirciwd, by t(iu( hing htre, 
 were gnat, and wc obtained them witluiut rctiiduig the 
 profctution of our grand objcch the fcadm li)r f)ro- 
 cecding to the north licing lofl, before wi-lornud the 
 refolution ol" viliting thele ifl;imla. ■" B>it," ol.fcrvea 
 Captain Cook, " belidcs the immediate advaiitam-s, 
 which both the natives of the I'Viendly I lies, and aiu-- 
 fclvcs received by this vifit, future navigitors from 
 luiropci if any fuih lliould ever tread our fleps, will 
 profit by the knowledge I acquired of tlie geography of 
 this part of the Pacific Ocean j and the more philofophi- 
 cal reader, who loves to view human n.itiire inf new 
 fituations, and to fpcfulate on fingular, but faithful 
 reprcfentations of the perfons, the cufloms, the arts, 
 the religion, the government, and the language of un- 
 cultivated nature and man, in remote and frelli dif- 
 covered quarters of the globe, will, perhaps, find matter 
 of .-imurcmcnt, if not of inftrui!lion, in the information 
 which I have been enabled to convey to him, concern- 
 ing the inhabitants of this Archipelago." Wd now 
 proceed with our propofed obfervations. 
 
 The beft articles for traffic in thefe iflands are iron 
 and iron tools. Axes, hatchets, nails of all fixes, knives, 
 rafps, and files, arc much demanded. Red cloth, white 
 and coloured linen, looking glaffcs and beads, arc alfo 
 in great eftimation ; but of the latter, thofe that are 
 blue the natives prefer to mofl others, particularly to' 
 the white ones. A hog might, at any tune, be pur- 
 chafed, by a flring of large blue beads : it (hould, ncver- 
 thelefs, be obferved farther, that articles, merely orna- 
 mental, may be highly encemed at one time, and dif- 
 rcgarded at another. On our firft arrival at Anna- 
 mooka, the inhabitants were unwilling to take them in 
 exchange for fruit; but when Feenou arrived, his ap- 
 probation brought them into vogue, and (lamped on 
 them the value above-mentioned. In return for thefe 
 commodities, all the rcfrefhments to be had at the 
 Friendly Iflands, may be procured. The yams arc ex- 
 ccllent, and, when grown to perfe(fHon, preferve well 
 at fea : but their pork, pl.intains and bread-fruit, are in- 
 tenor in quality to the fame articles at Otaheite. The 
 produdions and fupplies of thefc iflands arc yams 
 bread-fruit, plantains, cocoa-nuts, fugar-canes. hocw* 
 fowls, fifh, and, in general, all fuch as are to be tnec 
 with at Otaheite, or any of the Society Iflands. But 
 good water which fliips in long voyages ftand much in 
 need of IS fcarce at the Friendly Iflcs. It may, it is true, 
 be found in all of them, but not to ferve the purpofes 
 of navigators ; for either the quality is bad, or thefjtua- 
 tions too inconvenient, or the qualities too inconfidera- 
 blc. While we lay at anchor under Kotoo, we were 
 informed, that there was a ftrcam of water at Kao 
 which ran from the mountains into the fea, on the 
 S. W. fide of the ifland. This intelligence, though of 
 no ufe to us, may defervc the attention of future navi- 
 gators. 
 
 We muft include, under the denomination of the 
 Friendly Iflands, not only the group at Hapaee, but 
 hkewife thofe that have been difcovercd to the north 
 nearly under the fame meridian, as well as fome others 
 under the dominion of Tongataboo or Amfterdam 
 which is the capital, and feat of government. Froni 
 the beft information we could obtain, this clufter of 
 iflands is very extenfive. One of the natives enumc 
 rated 150 iflands; and Mr. Anderfon procured the 
 names of all of them 5 from their communications the 
 following lift was made. They were enumerated bv 
 the inhabitants of Annamooka, Hapaee. and Tonnu 
 taboo ; and may ferve as a ground-worJt for the inwf 
 ligation of future navigators. 
 
 
 f\ 
 
 
 il 
 
 v^ 
 
 t.v 
 
 ■■ i 
 

 47a 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAOBS COMPLETE. 
 
 I 
 
 IB" ^'1 
 ff 
 
 W' 
 
 
 Vavaoo 
 
 Kovooeea 
 
 CJoofoo 
 
 KOIMOO 
 
 'I'akounove 
 
 Talava 
 
 Toggelao 
 
 01<w) 
 
 Lotuoma 
 
 Luubatta 
 
 Vytnoboo 
 
 Pappacaia 
 Lemainsa 
 
 I'ocoona 
 
 Nceootabootaboo M anooka 
 
 Hamoa 
 
 Tootooccia 
 
 Tafecdoowaia 
 
 Havaeeceke 
 
 Kongaireekcc 
 
 
 
 A LIST of the Smaller F 
 
 Latte 
 
 Mafanna 
 
 Boloa 
 
 Kolioooa 
 
 T;i[tahoi 
 
 Tabanna 
 
 Toofagga 
 
 FuiiouaTaiee 
 
 Motooha 
 Looakabba 
 
 Loogoobahanga 
 
 Looamo^go 
 
 Fooamotoo 
 
 Moggodoo 
 
 Taoola 
 
 Konncvno 
 
 Wcgatla 
 
 Konnevy 
 
 Fonoonnconne 
 
 Toonabai 
 
 Fonoaooma 
 
 Gonoogoolaicc 
 
 Manernceta 
 
 Mallalahcc 
 
 Koloa 
 
 Mallajec 
 
 Toofanaclaa 
 
 Matagccfaia 
 Kollokolahce 
 
 Toofanactollo 
 
 Fafccne 
 
 Kologobccle 
 
 Taoonga 
 
 Kotoolooa 
 
 Kobakccmotoo 
 
 Komongoraffa 
 
 Koinalla 
 
 Koiinctallc 
 
 Kongahoonoho 
 
 Konoababoo 
 
 Tongooa 
 
 Komoocfeeva 
 
 A LIST of thofe Frundly Ulanpi, rrprcfcnted by 
 the Nativci a> Large Ones. 
 
 Kogoopoloo 
 
 Konnagilletalvoo 
 
 Kofoona 
 
 Kolaiva 
 
 Kotnoarra 
 
 Komotte 
 
 Kotoobooo 
 
 Kongaiarahoi 
 
 Oowaia 
 
 Feejce 
 
 Ncuafo 
 
 lUNDLY ItLtl. 
 
 Gowakka 
 
 Vagaeetoo 
 
 Golabbc 
 
 Novababoo 
 
 Kokabba 
 
 Kottcjeea 
 
 Kowourogoheefo 
 
 Grcnagecna 
 
 Kooonoogoo 
 
 Konookoonama 
 
 Kowecka 
 
 Failcinaia 
 
 Korccmnu 
 
 Noogoofaccou 
 
 Fonooaecka 
 
 Knooa 
 
 Modooa noogoo- 
 
 noogoo 
 Fonogooeatta 
 KoviTcecoa 
 Fclongaboonga 
 Kollalona 
 
 Of the fize of the above 32 unexplored iflandi, we 
 can only give it as our opinion, that they muft be all 
 larger than Annamooka, (or Rotterdam) which thofe 
 from whom we had our information, ranked among the 
 fmallcr IHands in the fccond lid. Some, or indeed, 
 feveral of the latter are mere fpots, without inhabit- 
 ants. But it mull be left to future navigators, to in- 
 troduce into the charts of this part of the great fou< 
 thern Pacific Ocean, the cxad lituation and iize of 
 near 100 more iflands in this neighbourhood, ac- 
 cording to the tcQimony of our friends, which we 
 had not an opportunity to explore. Tafman faw eigh- 
 teen or twenty of thefc fmall iflands, every one of 
 which was encircled with fands, flioalsand rocks. In 
 fome charts they arc called Hecmfliirk's Banks. We 
 have not the leall doubt, that Prince William's iflands, 
 difcovered, and fo named by Tafman, arc included in 
 the fore-going lid: for while we lay at Hapaee, one 
 of the natives told us. chat three or four days fail 
 from thence to the N. W. there is a clufler of iflands, 
 confiding of more than forty t and this fltuation cor- 
 rcfponds very well with that afllgned, in the accounts 
 of Tafman's voyage, to his Prince William's Iflands. 
 Keppcl's and Bofcawen's Iflcs, difcovered by Captain 
 Wallis in 1765, arc doubclefs comprehended in our 
 lid; and chey are not only well known to chefc pcopi?, 
 but arc under the fame fovcrcign. We have good au- 
 thority to believe, that Bofcawen's Ifland is our Koo- 
 tahcc, and Kcppels Ifland our Nceootabootaboo. The 
 lad is one of the large iflands marked in our fird lid. 
 The reader, w ho has been already apprized of the va- 
 riations of our people in writing down what the na- 
 tives pronounced, wilt hardly doubt thac Kottcjeea, in 
 our fecond lid, and Kootahee, as one of the natives 
 called Kao, are one and the fame ifland. Wc would 
 jud remark once more of this adonifliing group of 
 iflands, that fifteen of them are faid to be high and 
 hilly, fuch as Toofoa, and Eooa ; and thirty-five of 
 them large. Of thele only three were fecn this voy- 
 age, namely, Hapace (confidcred by the natives as one 
 ifland) Tongauboo, and Eooa. Annamook4 has been 
 
 noticed before. But the mod confiderable iflanda 
 that we heard of in this neighbourhood, are Hamoa, 
 Vavaoo, and Fe^e 1 each of which is iaiKer than 
 Tongattbooi but it doei not appear that any Euro- 
 pean h«» ever yet feen one of chcm. Hanraa lies two 
 days fail N. W. from Vavaoo. Ic is faid Co be the 
 Urged of all cheir iflands 1 affords harbours, with good 
 water, and produces, in abundance, all the refrcdimenta 
 that are found at the places wc v.iited. Pbulaho fre. 
 quenciv refldes upon chis iflandi and ici natives are 
 in high edimation at Tongataboa According to the 
 united tediniony of ail our friends at this place, Va- 
 vaoo exceeds the fixe of their own ifland, and has high 
 iTMHincains. We flwuld have accompanied Fcenou 
 from Hapace to Vavaoo, had he not difcouragid the 
 Captain, by reprcfenting it to be very inconfiderabic, 
 and without a fingic good harbour : but Poulaho, the 
 king, gave us to underfland afterward, that it is a large 
 ifland, and not only produces every thing in common 
 with Tongatabiw, but has the peculiar advantage of 
 poirefling feveral dreams of frelh wafer, and alio an 
 excellent harbour. Poulaho offered to attend the Cap- 
 tain to Vavaoo, faving, that if he did not find every 
 thing agreeing with his reprcfentation. he might kill 
 him. We gave full credit to the truth of his intelli- 
 gence, and were facivfied that Fcenou, from fome private 
 view, endeavoured to impofe upon us a fiidion. 
 
 Feejce lies in the dircdlion of N. W. by W. about 
 threedays fail from Tongacaboo. The natives in chis 
 pare of the world have ho other mechod of difcovering 
 the didance from ifland co ifland, but by mencioning 
 che cinie required for the voyage in one of their ca- 
 noes. In order to afcertain this with fome precifion, 
 Captain Cook failed in one of their canoes, and by re- 
 peated trials with the log, found that flic went clofe 
 hauled, in a gentle gale, feven miles an hour. He fup- 
 pofcd from this ejtpcrimcnt, that they would fail, with 
 fuch breezes as generally blow on their feas, feven or 
 eight miles an hour on an average. Each day, however, 
 is not to be reckoned at 24 hours 1 for when they talk 
 of one day's fail, they mean no more than from morning 
 to the evening, or twelve hours at mod. From the morn- 
 ing of the fird day till the cveningof the fecond, is, with 
 chcm, cwo days fail. In the dav, they arc guided by the 
 fun I and, in the night by the ftars. When thefc are ob- 
 fcurcd, they can only have recourfc to the points from 
 whence the winds and waves came upon the veffel. If, 
 at that time, the winds and the waves (hould (hift, they 
 are quite bewildered, often mifling their intended port, 
 and being never heard of more. The dory of Omiah's 
 countrymen, who were driven to Watecoo, convinces 
 us, however, that thofe who arc not heard of, are not 
 always lod. Feejce abounds with h«gs, dogs, and 
 fowls, and fuch fruits and roots as are to be found in 
 any of the other iflands, and is much larger than 
 Tongataboo, but not fubjedt to its dominion. Feejce 
 and Tongataboo engage in war againd each othcrj 
 and tht inhabitants of the latter are often fo much 
 afraid 6f this enemy, that they bend the body forward, 
 and c^vcr the face with their hands, to exprefs the 
 fenfc of their own inferiority to the Feejee men. This, 
 indeed, is no nutter of furprife, for thofe of Feejce have 
 rendered themfclves formidable, by their dexterity in 
 the ufc of bows and flings 1 but more fo, by their fa- 
 vage pradice of eating fudi of their enemies as they 
 kid in battle. It has been' iitfidcd on, that extreme 
 hunger fird occadoned men to feed on human ficfh i but 
 where could be the inducement for the Feejce men to 
 continue the pradice, and remain cannibals, in the 
 midd of plenty ? It is held in detedation by the in- 
 habitants of Tongataboo. who fecm to cultivate the 
 friendfhip of their favage neighbours through fear ; 
 though they fometimes venture Co fkirmifh with them 
 on their own ground, and carry off large quantities of 
 red feathers as trophies. When a profoufid peace 
 reigns between them, they have frequent intercourfe 
 together s though, it is probable, they have not long 
 been known to each other, otherwife it might be fup- 
 pofed that Tongataboo. and its neighbouring iflands, 
 would, before tnis time, have been fupplied with a breed 
 
 of 
 
I)lc iflanda 
 e t^lanMM, 
 iiger than 
 any Euro- 
 M liei two 
 tn be the 
 with good 
 frclhrncnti 
 ulaho ire- 
 iitivri are 
 ling to the 
 place, Va- 
 id hai high 
 xl Icrnou 
 jragc'J the 
 inliderabJr, 
 ulaho, the 
 it ia a large 
 ti comnton 
 vanta&e of 
 nd alfo an 
 id the Cap- 
 find cvcrjr 
 might kill 
 hit intclli- 
 >me private 
 ion. 
 
 I W. about 
 ivet in thia 
 difcovrring 
 mentioning 
 if their ca- 
 It precifion, 
 and by re- 
 wcnt clofe 
 r. He fup- 
 dfail, with 
 II, fcven or 
 ly, however, 
 :n they talk 
 )m morning 
 n the morn- 
 ond, is, with 
 lidcd by the 
 hefc are ob> 
 points from 
 iveflcl. If, 
 I (hi ft, they 
 ended porr. 
 i of Omiah'a 
 I, convinces 
 of, are not 
 dogs, and 
 be tound in 
 larger than 
 on. Fecjee 
 :ach othcrt 
 :n fo much 
 dy forward, 
 exprefs the 
 men. This, 
 Fecjee have 
 Icxterity in 
 >y their fa- 
 lics as they 
 hat extreme 
 >n flefli ; but 
 EJec men to 
 tals, in the 
 I by the in- 
 iiltivate the 
 rough fear; 
 1 with them 
 juantitiea of 
 oupd peace 
 intercourfe 
 tre not long 
 ight be fup- 
 ing idandi, 
 with a breed 
 of 
 
:>— O 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAaFIC OCEAN, «cc. 473 
 
 of dotfs, which are numerous at Feejee, and, m we 
 have rtjfemd, wei« introduced at Tonrateboo, when 
 Diptain Cook firft Vifited it in 1773. The colour of 
 the natives of Fcqeeis, at leaft, a ftiadc darlter than 
 that of the ihhabittnts of the other Friendly Iflonds. 
 We faw one of the natives of Feejee, who had his ear 
 ilit which was the ItA, and the lobe fo ftretchcd, that it 
 aliAoft extended to his (houlder; which fingularity had 
 been obferved by Capuin Coolc. at other iflands of 
 the South Sea, during his fecond voyage. The Fee- 
 jee people are much revered here, not only on account 
 of tneir power and cruelty in war, but alfo for their 
 ingenuity; f6r they much excel the inhabitants of 
 Tongataooo in workmanfhip. Specimens were (hewn 
 us «rf their clubs and fpears, which were very ingeni- 
 6ufly carved. We were alfo (hewn fomc of their cloth 
 moft beautifully chequered, mats richly variegated, 
 curious earthen pots, and other articles, all of which 
 diiplayed a fuperiori^ in the execution. 
 
 The harbour and anchoring places are by far prc- 
 ftrabie to any we difcovcred among thefe iflands j both 
 tin account of their capacity, and great fecurity . The 
 danger »e were in of being wrecked, by entering it 
 from the north, will remain a caution to every future 
 Commander, not to attempt that paflagc with a fliip 
 •f burden. The eaftern channel is much more eafy 
 and fafe. To fail into this, ftecr for the N. E. point of 
 the ifland, and keejj along the north (bore, w*lh the 
 fmall iflcs on your itarboard. till you are the length of 
 the call point of the entrance into the lagoon; then 
 edge over the reef of the fmall ifles, and, following its 
 diredion, you will get through between Makkahaa and 
 Monooafai, which lay off the weft point of the lagoon. 
 Or you may go between the third and fourth iflands, 
 that is, between i'angimodooand Monooafai ; but this 
 channel is much narrower than the other. When you 
 are through cither of thefe channels, haul in for the 
 fhore of Tongataboo, ii^d caft anchor between that and 
 Fangimodoo, before a cteek leading into the lagoon; 
 ifito w^ich, at half flood, you may go with boats. 
 Though the harbour of Tongataboo has the preference, 
 its water is exceeded in goodnefs by that of Anna- 
 mooka; and yet even this can fcarcely oe called good. 
 Indifferent water may, neverthelefs, be procurM, by 
 digging holes near the fide of 4he pond. Befides, An. 
 namooka, being nearly in the center of the whole 
 group, is belt muated for procuring refreihments from 
 the others. There is a creek in the reef on the north 
 Mi of the ifland, wherein two or three fliips may lie 
 fccurely. 
 
 We have already given an account of the Hapaec 
 iflands; and (hall only add, that they extends. W. by 
 S. and N. E. by N. about to miles. The north enq| 
 Mes in btitude la deg. S. and 33 deg. of longitude to 
 the eaft of Anhamooka. Between them are fmall 
 iflartds, fand banks, and breakers. Lafobga, oflT which 
 we anchored, among all the ifles of thofii that are 
 tallcfd Hapaec, is the molt fertile, and the beft in- 
 habited. Thofe who may be ddirous of having a 
 more particular defcription of the Friendly Iflands, 
 muft have recoutfe to the lilt and chart, what may 
 have here been omitted concerning their geography, 
 «1H be found in Mr hidorv of Captaiti Cdok's fdrmer 
 Vdyage, to which Our readers aife referred forTuch par- 
 fifculahas he had then obferved. At prcfeHt, We (hall 
 6tiy rfctite foch interefting citcumft^ces, as either 
 ^etedmitted in thkt account, or were impeifoSHy and 
 incorrcifWy repreiisnted. 
 
 After living among the natives of thcFrlendly Iflands 
 between two and three mom:.-, it is rcaforiabic to ex- 
 »!&, that we fliould be ablfcto clear up every dlffi^ 
 tulty,' andfogWeafatisfwaoty account df theif mati. 
 iitrs, coCloms, and ItSftltUtioni, civil as Well as nU- 
 gious: cfpeciiillv, asw«hadaperlbnwith\is,who, bf 
 (indtrlhrtdillg theit Iah0i«g« at wdl ajl our own, might 
 bethotoghtckljablcofadij^ as our Interpreter. But 
 Omiah was not 4uall1ied tbt th^t hifk. t/nlefs wef had 
 before ui an obiedl; or thin, concerning which we 
 ^tinted informatum, ««• found it difficult to obtait) » 
 cormietent knowledge about it. feam his IrtfbrtWfdon 
 
 and explanations. Omiah was certainly more liable to 
 make miftakes than we were ; for having no curioflty, 
 he n'^ver troubled himfcif with making remarks ; and 
 when he attempted to explain any particular matters to 
 us, his ideas were fo limitted, and differed fo much 
 from ours, that his confufed accounts, inftead of in- 
 (lrudUng,oftenonIy perplexed, and led us into num- 
 berlefs miflakes. Befides, we could feldom find a per- 
 ftm, among the natives, who had both the ability and 
 inclination to give us the information we required: and 
 many of them, we perceived, appeared oflfendcd at being 
 a(ked, what they, perhaps, deemed frivolous queftions. 
 At Tongataboo, where we continued the longeft, our 
 fltuation was likewife unfavourable ; being in a part of 
 the country, where, except filhcrs, there were Jew in- 
 habitants. Without vintors, as well as with thofe we 
 viflted, it was always holiday; fo that we could not ob- 
 ferve, what was really the domcftic way of living among 
 the natives. That we could not, therefore, thus cir- 
 cumftanced, bring away latisfadory accounts of many 
 ' things, is not to be wondered at. Some of us, indeect, 
 endeavoured to remedy thofe difadvantagcs ; and to the 
 ingenious Mr. Anderfon we are moft indebted for a_ 
 confiderable (hare of our oblsrvatlons refpeding the 
 Friendly Iflands. 
 
 The inhabitants of thefe, (though fomc here, at 
 Tongataboo, were above fix feet high) exceed the 
 common ftature, and are ftrong and well proportioned. 
 Their (boulders arc, in general, broad; we (aw feveral 
 who were really haadlome; though their mufcular 
 difpofltion rather conveyed the idea of ftrength than 
 of beauty. Their features are fo various, that, unlcfs 
 it be by a fulnefs at the point of the nofe, which is 
 common, it is impoflible to fix any general likenefs by 
 which to charadterize them. On the other hand many 
 genuine Roman nofes,and true European faces, were feen 
 among them. They have good eyes and teeth ; but 
 the latter arc neither fo well fet, nor fo remarkably 
 white, as among the Indian nations. Few of them, 
 however, have that remarkable thicknefs about the lips, 
 fo frequent in other iflands. The women are lefs dif- 
 tinguUhed from the men by their features, than by their 
 general form, which feems deftitute of that ftrong 
 (irmnefs that appears in the latter. Though the fea- 
 tures of fome are very delicate, and a true index of 
 their fex, laying claim to a confiderable (hare of beauty 
 and expreflion, yet the rule is not, by any means. To 
 general, as in many other countries. Their (hapes arc 
 ufually well proportioned; and fome are ablblutely 
 perfea models ot a beautiful figure; but the cxtraor- 
 dinary fmallnefs and delicacy of their fingers, which' 
 may be put in competition with any in Europe, feems 
 to be the moft ftriking female diftinAion. The ge- 
 neral colour of thefe people is a caft deeper than that of 
 the C(^per brown; but feveral of both fexes have a true 
 olive complexion. Some of the women are much 
 lighter.owing, perhaps, to their being lefs expofedto 
 the fun. As a tendency to corpulence, in fome of the 
 principal people, feems to be the effedt of a more indo- 
 lent life, a fofter and clearer (kin is moft commonly to 
 be feen among them: but the flcinof the greateft part 
 of thefe people, is of a dull hue, with a degree of 
 roughnefs, particularly thofe parts that are uncovered, 
 occafioned, probably, by Tome cutaneous difcafe. We 
 faw a man at Hapace perfedly white, and a child 
 equally fo at Annamooka. In all countries contain^ 
 ing black people, fuch phaenomena nrc found, but they 
 are cauted, we imagine, by a difeafe. Upon the whole, 
 however, few natural defetfls, or deformities, are to be 
 feen amoiu them ; though we obferved two or three 
 with their rect bent inwaras. Neither are they exempt 
 from fome dtfeafes. Numbers are affedted with the 
 tetter or riiw^Worm, which leaves whitifh ferpentind 
 marks behinait. They have another d ifeafe of a more 
 tnifchievous nature, which is alfo very frequent, and 
 ai^xars on every part of the body, in large bcoad ul- 
 cers, difcharging a thin clear pus, fome of which had 
 (. verjr vimlent appearance, particularly on the face. 
 There were thofe, however, wno appearra to be cured 
 of it, and others mending) but it was generally at- 
 6 D tended 
 
 11 
 
 ' ■} 'I 
 
 .Mii 
 
.'■ f! 
 
 474 
 
 Capt. COO K's V O Y A G K S C O M P L E T E. 
 
 Hi 
 
 ' i 
 
 \ 
 
 Mi 
 
 ".In- 
 
 tended with the \o(i of the nofc, or a conliderablc 
 part of it. Two other difcafe* arc alfo common among 
 thcmi one of which is a nim fwelling, affedting 
 chiefly the legs and aims; the other is a tumour in the 
 tcfticles, which fometimes exceed the fize of two fifts. 
 Ill other refpeds they arc remarkably healthy, not a 
 fiiigle pcrfon having, during our (lay, been confined ta 
 tlic houfc by any l«ind of fickncfs. Their ftscngth and 
 adiv'ity are, in every rofped,,anfwerable to their muf- 
 cular appearance; and they exert both> in fuch a man- 
 ner, as to prove, that they are as yet, little debilitated 
 by the luinierous difeafes thai are the naturai' conf«- 
 quenccs of indolence. The graceful mien,, and firin- 
 ncfs of ftcp, with which they walk, arc obvious proofs 
 of their perfonal accompliihments_ They confider 
 this as a thing fo neccflaryto be acquired, that ihcir 
 laughrer was excited when they fawus frequently ftumb- 
 ling upon the roots of trees, or other inequalitic"' in 
 walking. The mildncfs and good nature which they 
 abundantly poflcfs, are depided on their countenances, 
 tdtally free from that favagc kccnncfs, that always marks 
 nations in a barbarous uate. We might almoft be 
 induced to fuppofc, that they had been reared under 
 ^jie feverell reflridions, feeing they have acquired (o 
 fettled an afpetft, fuch a command of their pafllons. 
 and fuch a fleadineis of conduch At the fame time, 
 they are open, chcarful, and good humoured; though 
 in the prefence of their chiefs, they fometimes aflumc 
 a degree of referve, which has t!ic appearance of gra- 
 vity. Their pacific difpolicinn is thoroughly evinced, 
 from their frimdly reception ct all firan<;crs. Inllcad 
 of attacking thcin openly, or tiandeltincly, they have 
 never appeared, in the fmallcft dej^rtc, hnfiile: but like 
 the moll civilizccT nations, hiivc even courted art inter- 
 courfc with their vifitois, t)y li.uttringi a medium 
 which unites all nations in a degree of fricndfliip. So 
 
 f)crfcd11ydo they undcrll and barter, that, at fiifl, we 
 iippofed they had acquired the knowledge of it by 
 trading with the neighbouring iflands; but it after- 
 wards appeared, that they had hardly any traffic, except 
 with Fccjee. No nation, perhaps, in the world, dif- 
 playcd, in their traffic, more honelly and lefs dillrull. 
 "\Vc permitted them fafely to examine our goods, and 
 they had the fame implicit confidence in ns. If either 
 party ftcmcd dilfatisficd with his bargain, a rc-cx- 
 thangc was made with mutual confent and latisfadlion. 
 Lfpon ihc whole, they feem to poJTefs many of the mod 
 excellent qualities that adorn the human mind. A 
 piopenlity to thieving is the only defed that feems to 
 fully their fair character. Thofe of all ages, and both 
 fexcs, were addided to it in aauncommon degree. It 
 fliould be confidered, however, that this exceptionable 
 part of their condud exifteJ merely with rcfped to 
 lis; for in their general intcrcourfe with each other, 
 thefts are not more frcq^ucnt than in other countries, 
 -where the dilTionell pradLccs of individuals wilT not 
 authorife an indidriminatc cenfure on the people at 
 large. AUawances fliould be made for the Ibibles of 
 thcfe pocr i (landers, whofe minds we overpowered with 
 the g'^fe of new and captivating objcds- Stealing, 
 ajnong civilized nations, denotes a charader deeply 
 llained. with iTMiral' turpitude: but at the Friendly 
 lllands, and others which we viflted, the thefts com- 
 mitted by the natives, may have been occafioned by 
 lefs culpable motives: they might be ftimulatcd folely 
 by curiqfity; a defire to po'lfcfs fomewhat "ew^ and the 
 property of people very difTerent from themfelvcs. 
 Were a fet of beings, feemingly as (uperior to us, as 
 we appeared in their eyes, to make their appearance 
 among us, it might be pofiible that our natural regard 
 to jullice woulcfnot be able to reftrain many from being 
 guilty of the fame erroneous pradices. However, the 
 thieving difpofition of thefe iflandcrs, was the means 
 pTalTording us an infight into their ingenuity and 
 quicknefso? intellects: for their petty thefts were ma- 
 naged with much dexterity; and thofe of greater con- 
 fequence, with a fettled plan or fchemc, adapted to the 
 importance of the objeds. 
 
 The hair of thefe people is, ingencral.thick. Ilniight, 
 and ftrong, though liime have it bufhy or friztkd. The 
 
 natural colour appears to be black, but many of the. 
 men, and f<>me of the women, ftain it of a brown or 
 
 fiurplc colourr and a few give it an orange qaft. 'The 
 irll of. thefe colours is produced by applying a fort of 
 Elaiflerof burnt coral mixed with water; tne fecond 
 J the ralpingsof a redifli wood mixed into a poultice, 
 and laid over the hair; and the third is faid to be the 
 ftfed of turmeric root. They are Co whimfical in the 
 failiionsofwearing their hair, that it is difficult to fay 
 w hich is mod in vogue. Some have none on one fide 
 of the head,. while it remains long on the other: fomc 
 have only a part of it cut fhort; others but a finglc 
 lock, on one udc. There are again thofe who permit it 
 to grow to its full length, without any fuch mutilations. 
 The women ufually wear it ftiort: the beards of the 
 men arc ufually cut in the fame manner; and both 
 fexes ftrip the hair from their armpits. The men arc 
 Gained with a deep blue colour from the middle of the 
 belly to half way down the thighs. This is effedcd 
 with a flat bone Lnllrument, full of fine teeth, which by 
 a ftroke of a bit of Hick introduces thedooe dooe inta 
 the fkin, whereby indelible marks are made. Lines 
 and figures are thus traced, which, in fome, arc very 
 elegant. The women have only fmall lines thus im- 
 printed on the infide of the hands. As a mark of dif- 
 tindion, their kings arc exempted from this cufiom.^ 
 The men are circumcifed in a partial manner. The 
 operation confids in cutting olf only a piece of the 
 fore-fkin at the upper part, whereby it is rendered in- 
 capable of ever covering the glans. This pradicc, 
 at prefcnt, is founded only on a notion of cleanlincfs. 
 
 The drefs of both fexcs is the fame; confiding of a 
 piece of cloth or matting, about two yards in breadth, 
 and a half in length. It is double before, and, like a 
 petticoat, hangs down to the middle of the leg. That 
 part of the garment which is above the girdle, ia 
 plaited in fevcral fojds, and this, when extended, is 
 fulTicient to draw up and wiap round the flioulders. 
 As to form, it is the general faftiion^ but the fine matt- 
 ing, and long pieces of cloth, are worn only by the 
 fuperior clafs of people. The inferior fort are con- 
 tented with fmall pieces, and, very often, have only it 
 covering made of the leaves of plants, or the maro, 
 a narrow piece of cloth, or matting, like a fafli. Thia 
 they pafs between the thighs and round the waid. It 
 is feldom ufed by the men. In their haivas, or grand 
 entertainments, their drelTes, though the fame inform,, 
 are various, and ciiibellidied, more or lefs, with red fea- 
 thers. Both men and women defend their faces oc- 
 cafionally from the fim with little bonnets, made of va- 
 rious forts of materials. The ornaments, worn by 
 thofe of either fex, are the fame. The mod commpa 
 are necklaces, made of the fruit of pandanus, and va- 
 rious fwcet fmclling flowers, known by the general 
 name of Kakulla. Others confid of fmall diells. 
 fharks teeth, the wing and leg bones of fmall birds, 8cc. 
 all which aie pendant on the bread. In this manner 
 they alfo wear a polidicd mother of pearl diell, or a 
 ring, on the upper part of the arm: rings of tortolfc- 
 flietl on the fingers ; and^feveral of thefe joined together 
 form bracelets for the wiids. Two holes arc perfo- 
 rated in the lobes of the ears, wherein they put cylin- 
 drical bits of ivory, of the length of three inches, in- 
 troduced at one hole, and drawn out of the other; or 
 bit&of re^d filled with yellow pigment. This appeara 
 to be a fine powder of turmeric, which their women 
 rub all over their bodies, in the fame manner as the 
 European ladies ufe their dry rouge upon their cheekt. 
 Perfonal cleanlincfs is their duuy and delight. To 
 maintain which they bathe frei^ucntly in the po^ds. 
 pieferring them to the fca, though the water has aii 
 intolerable dench : when they are obliged to bathe in 
 the fea, from a notion that fait water mjures ^he ikin,^ 
 they will have fredi water poured over them to wa(h 
 off its bad efleds. They are extravagantly fond of 
 cocoa-nut oil; a great quantity of which they pour 
 upon their head and Ihoulders, and tub the body all 
 oyer with a fmaller quantity. 
 
 The domcdic life of thefe people is neither fo U- 
 borious as to bcdifagreeable, ncr fo fiee from emplf^" 
 
 «acnt 
 
*l 
 
 many of the, 
 sf a brown or 
 gq qaft. 'The 
 •lying a fort of 
 t; the fccond 
 into a poulticct 
 faid to be the 
 himfical in the 
 difficult to fay. 
 ne on one fide 
 ic other : fomc 
 ) but a fingle 
 : who permit ic 
 :h mutilations. 
 
 beards of the 
 iner; and both 
 
 The men arc 
 
 middle of the 
 rhis is effttflcd 
 ceth, M'hich by 
 dooc dooe inta 
 
 made. Linei 
 bme, arc very 
 lines thus ini- 
 a mark of dif- 
 n this cuftom^ 
 manner. The 
 a piece of the 
 is rendered in- 
 This pradicc, 
 if cleanlincfs. 
 confining of a 
 rds in breadth, 
 ore, and, like a, 
 the leg. That 
 the girdle, is ' 
 
 fi extended, is 
 
 the {houldcrs.' 
 t the fine mact^ 
 n only by the 
 
 fort are con- 
 h, have only it 
 , or the maro,. 
 c a fafli. Thi» 
 
 the waifi. It 
 ivas, or grand 
 :fame inform,, 
 s, with red fea- 
 
 their faces oc. 
 ts, made of va- 
 >ents, worn by 
 
 mofi commpoi 
 
 idanus, and va- , .,. 
 
 by the general H i : ■' ;, ^1 
 
 f fmall fiiells, 
 mall birds, 6cc. 
 In this manner 
 earl fhell, or a 
 gs of tortolfe- 
 joincd together 
 lolcs arc perfo> 
 they putcylia* 
 ^rce inches, in- 
 f the other: oc 
 This appeara 
 h their women 
 
 manner as the 
 m their cheekt. 
 i delight. To 
 
 in the pojids. 
 IC water has aii 
 ;ed to bathe in 
 
 njurcs *hc lkin» | - f?0'\ 
 
 r them to walh 
 agantly fond of 
 hich they pour 
 ub the body all 
 
 s neither fo bi- 
 
 :e from empldy- 
 
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 COOK'i THIRD mi LAST VoYAOE— To the TACIEIC OCEAN, &c. +7.; 
 
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 merit as to fuffer them to degenerate into indolence. 
 ,Thcir country ha* been fo favoured by nature, that the 
 fird can Tcarcely occur j and their aiSivc difpofition 
 freiqrto be a fufficient bartotheiaft. ifly thi» for. 
 tunate concurrence of circumftancea, their nccclFary 
 kbour jtielda, in iti turn, to their amufcmcnts ar.d 
 recreations, which arc never interrupted by the thoughts 
 of being obliged to recur to bulincri, till they al-c in- 
 duced by fatiety to wiih for that tranfuion. The em- 
 ployment of the women is not fatiguing, and is gene- 
 rally fuch as they can without difticulty execute in the 
 heufe. The making of cloth is cntirly entruftcd to 
 their care j the protefs of which manufadurc has been 
 already dcfcribed. Their cloth is of different degrees 
 of fincnefs; the coarfer kind does not receive the im- 
 pitfllon of any pattern i but of the finer forts, they 
 have various patterns, differently coloured. The cloth, 
 in general, is able to rclift water for fonic time; but 
 that which has the flrongcft gl-ize, is Icaft liable to be 
 penetrated thereby. Another manufadurc, configntd 
 olfo to the women, is that of their mats, which excel 
 ihofe of moft other countries, both with rcfpeLl: to their 
 texture and beauty. Of thcfe there arc fevcn or eight 
 different forts, ufcd cither for their drefs, or to fleep 
 upon; but many arc merely r)mamcntal. Thcfc laft 
 arc made chiefly from the tough, membraneous part of 
 the ftock of the plantain-tree i thofc that they wear, 
 are generally compolcd of the panJanus ; and the 
 coarler kind, whereon they fleep, arc fonncd from a 
 plant called Evarra. We obferved feveral other arti- 
 cles that employ their females, as combs, of w hich they 
 make great quantities i fmall balkcts made of the fame 
 fubflance as the mats i and otiicrs, of the fibrous hulk 
 of the cocoa-nut, either interwoven with beads, or 
 plain; all which arc liniflicd viih extraordinary neat- 
 nefs and tafte. The province of the men is, as might 
 reafonably be expedcilj far more laborious and cxtcnlive 
 than that of the other lex. Architedlure, boat-building, 
 agriculture, and fifliing, conffitutc their principal occu- 
 pations, and are the main objcdls of their attention. 
 As cultivated roots and fruits form their chief fubfif- 
 tcnce, they find it ncceffary to pradicc hulbandry, 
 which, by their induftry, they have brought to a 
 degree of pcrfedlion. In managing yams and plan- 
 tains, they dig fmall holes for their reception, and 
 afterwards root up the furrounding grafs. The inftru- 
 ments ufed for this purpofe, arc called hoo, and arc 
 nothing more than Itakcs of various lengths, flattened 
 and (harpened to an edge at one end ; and the largell 
 ones have a (hort piece fixed tranfverfely, by means of 
 which they preis the implement into the ground with 
 the foot. When they plant the two above mentioned 
 vegetables, they obfervc fuch particular exadbiefs, that, 
 which ever way you turn your eyes, the rows prefent 
 thcmfclves complete ano regular. The bread-fruit 
 and cocoa-nuts, are difperfed about, without any oi-der; 
 and when they have arrived at a. certain height, give 
 them little or no trouble. The fame may be faid of 
 another large tree, producing a roundilh compreffed 
 nut, called ecefee ; and of a fmallcr one, bearing an 
 oval nut, with two or three triangular kernels. The 
 ^ppc is, in general, planted regularly, anr^ in large 
 foots ; but the Mawhaha is intcrfperfcd atnong other 
 tilings, as are alfo the yams and jeejee. Suur cane is 
 ufuaUy in fmall fpots, clofely crowded. The mul- 
 berry, of which the cloth is made, is kept very clean, 
 and has a good fpace allowed for its growth. The 
 pandanus is commonly planted in a row, clofe together, 
 p.t the (ides of the fields. 
 
 fhefe people difplay very little tafte or ingenuity in 
 the.conffru(5tion of their houfes. Thofe belonging to 
 the common people arc wretched huts, fcarce fufficient 
 to fhelter them from the inclemency of the weather. 
 Thofe of the better fort arc larger, as well as more 
 commodious and comfortable. A houfe of the mid- 
 dling fize is of the following dimenfions, namely, about 
 I i feet in height, 20 in breadth, and 30 in length. 
 Their houfes are, properly fpeaking, thatched roofs or 
 (lieds, fupported by rafters and pods. The floor is 
 raifed with earth liqqothed, and covered with thick 
 I 
 
 matting. Some habitations are open all round t but 
 the major part of them are xnclofed on the weather 
 tide with ttiongmats, or with branches of (he cocoa- 
 nut tree, plaited, or interwoven with each other. A 
 thick mat, about three feet broad, bent into a fcmicir- 
 cular form, and placed edgeways, with the ends touch- 
 ing the tide of the houfc, cnciofes a fufficient fpacc for 
 the maflcr and minrcfs to fleep in. The red of the 
 family fleep upon any part of tncfloor, the unmarried 
 men and women lying apart from each other. If the 
 family is large, they have little huts«djnining, in which 
 the (crvants fleep. The whole of their furniture con- 
 firts of fome wooden ftools, which fervc them for pil- 
 lows [ bafkets of different fizcs, in which they put their 
 cbnibs, filh honks, and tools; two or three wooden 
 bowls, in which they make kava ; fome cocoa-nut 
 (hells, a few gourds, and a bundle of cloth. But they 
 are very fltilml in building their canoes, which, indeed, 
 are the moft perfed: of their mechanical produdions. 
 The double ones are very large, fufficiently fo to carry 
 about $0 pcrfons, and they iail at a great rate. They 
 fix upon them generally a hut or flicd, for the recep- 
 tion of the mafter and his family. Thcfc arc made of 
 the bread-fruit tree, and the w'orkmanfliip is extremely 
 neat- They appear on the out-fiJe as if they were 
 compofcd of one folid piece; but upon clofcr infpcc- 
 tion, tiicy arc found to conlift of a great number of 
 planks, fitting each other cxadlly, and by' means of a 
 ledge on the infide, arc fecured together with cocoa- 
 line. The flngle canoes are furnilhed with an out- 
 rigger. The only tools which they make ufcof in the 
 conUrudionoftbcfc boats, arc hatchets, pr adzes, of a 
 fmooth black ftonc; augers, made of ftiarks teeth; 
 and rafps, compofcd of the rough Ikin of a fifli, faffcned 
 on fiat pieces of wooil. The fame tools arc all they 
 have for other works, except fliclis, which fervc them 
 for knives. I'hcir cordage is made of the fibres of the 
 cocoa-nut huflt, which, though not more than 10 in- 
 ches long, they plait about the fize of a quill, to w hat- 
 ever length may be required, and roll it up into balls; 
 and by twifting feveral of thefe together, they form 
 their ropes of a larger fize. Their fifljing-lines are as 
 ftiong and even as our belt cord. Their fmall hooks 
 confill entirely of pearl fliell; but the large ones arc 
 only covered with it on the back; and (he points of 
 both arc, in generdi, of tortoifefheil. With the large 
 hooks they catch albicores, and bonettos, by putting 
 them to a ban)boo-rod, about 1 2 feet long, with a line 
 of the lame length. They have alfo a number of 
 fmall fcins, foine of which are of the moft delicate 
 texture. 
 
 Their mufical reeds or pipes, refembling the fyrinx 
 of the ancients, have eight or ten pieces placed paraild 
 to each other, moft of which are of unequal lengths. 
 Thpir flutes are made of a joint of bamboo, about 
 1 8 inches long, and arg clofed at both ends, having a 
 hole near each end, and four others ; two of which, and 
 only one of the firlt, are ufcd by them iii. playing. 
 They clofe the left noftril with the thumb of the left- 
 hand, and blow into the hole at one end with the other 
 noftril. The fore-finger of the right-hand is applied 
 to the loweft hole on the right, an^ the middle finget 
 of the left, to the firft hole on that fide. In this man- 
 ner, with only three notes, they produce a pleafing, 
 though fimpic harmony. Their naffa, or drum, has 
 been defcribed already. Their warlike weapons are 
 clubs curioully ornamented, fpears, iand daru. They 
 make bows and arrows, but thefe are intended for 
 amufement, and not for the purpofes of war. Their 
 Ooois or rather pillows, are about two feet long, buc 
 only four or five inches in height, and ne^r four in 
 breadth, inclining downwards towards the middle, with 
 four ftrong legs and circular feet; the whole compofed 
 of brown or black wood, neatly pqliflied, and fometimes 
 inlaid with ivory. They likewife inlay with ivory the 
 handles of fly-flaps ; and, with a fliark's tooth, iiwpe 
 bones into figures of men, birds, &c. 
 
 Their vegetable, diet confifts principally of plantains, 
 cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and yams; and their chief 
 articles of animal food are hogs, fiib, »id fowls ; but 
 
 m 
 
 
 
'I 
 
 i 
 
 476 
 
 Ctpt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLBTB. 
 
 |l 
 
 Ell r 
 
 'V 
 lit 
 
 m 
 
 I . 
 
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 the common people frequently eat rati. Hogs, fowls, 
 and tunie, however, feem to be only occadonal daintiei, 
 referved for perfoni of rank. Their fiaod it drefled 
 by baking, u at Ouheitc > and they make, from dif- 
 ferent Am of fruit, feveral difhcs, which are very good. 
 They fometimet boil their fl(h in the green Icavei of 
 the plantain-tree, which fcrve a* a btw to hold both 
 fi(h and water: having tied them up, they wrap them 
 again in three or four other leaves, and place them upon 
 nonet heated for the purpofe : vriien luflkientiy done, 
 they net only eat the nfli, but drink the liquor or 
 foup. They are not very cleanly either in their cookery, 
 or tneir meali , or manner of eatinc. Their ufual drink 
 is water, or cocoa-nut milk, the uva being only their 
 morning beverage. The food that is fer/oiup to the 
 chiefs is generally laid upon plantain-leaves. Tne king. 
 at his meals, was commonly attended upon by three or 
 four of the natives, one of whom cut large pieces of the 
 lifli, or of the joint! another afterwards divided it into 
 tnouthiiils, and the reft Rood by the cocoa-nuts, and 
 whatever elfe he might happen to want. We never 
 faw a large company fit down to a fociable meal, by 
 eating from the fame difli. The women are not ex- 
 chidra from taking their daily repaft in company with 
 the men; but there<are cerum ranks that arc not al- 
 lowed either to eat or drink together. This diftindlion 
 begins with his majcfty, but where it ends wc know 
 not. Thefe people rile at day-break, and retire to reft 
 as foon as it becomes dark. They, for the moft part, 
 fleep alfo in the day-time, when the weather is very 
 hot. They are fond of afTociating together: in con- 
 fequence of which, it is not uncommon to find feveral 
 houfes empty, and the pofleflbrs of them aflcmblcd in 
 fome other houfc, or upon Tome convenient fpot in 
 the neighbourhood, where they relax thcmfclvcs by 
 converUtion and other amufcmenu. Their private 
 diverfions chiefly confift ofdancine, finging, and mufic. 
 When two or three women fnap their fingers, and fing 
 in concert, it is called oobai ; but when there are 
 more, they form feveral parties, each of which fings in 
 a different key; whereby an agreeable melody is made, 
 termed heeva, or haiva. The fongs are generally ac- 
 companied with the mufic of their nutrs. The dances 
 bothof themen and women.are performed with an eafe \ 
 and grace not eafily to be dcfcribed. We could not 
 determine with prccifion, whether their marriages were 
 rendered durable by any kind of folemn contradl : it is 
 ceruin, however, that :he major part of the people con- 
 tented themfclves with one wife. The chiefs, indeed, 
 have commonly feveral women, though there was only 
 one (as we thought^ who was confidered in the light of 
 miilrefs of the family, a circumftance remarked among 
 allnations where concubinage and polygamy were allow- 
 ed. Though fenule chaftity feemed to be held in 
 little eftimatlon, not a fingle breach of conjugal fidelity 
 happened, to our knowlrage, during the whole time 
 of our continuance at thefe iflands; nor were the un- 
 married vromen of rank more liberal of their favours : 
 but numbers were of a different charadcr ; yet moft, 
 if hot all of them, of the loweft clafs of people ; and 
 fuch of thofe who permitted femiliarities to our crews, 
 were proftitutes by profeflion. 
 
 The concern (hewn by thefe iflanders for the dead, 
 is a ftrong proof of their hununity. Befldes the Tooge, 
 of which mention has been maide before, and burnt 
 circles, and fcan, they ftrike a fhark's tooth into their 
 heads, till the blood flows plemifiilly, beat their teeth 
 with {tones, and thruft fpean not only through their 
 cheeks into their mouths, but alfo into the inner part of 
 their tM^^ and intd their fides ; fo that, to ufe a com- 
 mon expreffion, their mournins may be laid to be not in 
 words Dut deeds. And fuch a rigorous difcipline 
 mult, otc would think, require an uncommon d^gtee 
 of affeAion, or the moft gtofii fuperiKtton, to cxwEt. 
 ■ Ie IB higMy ptobable theuft hu a fhare in it; for 
 -fiiihy could not have any knowledge of the perfon for 
 whom their concern was expreffed. We law the peo- 
 of TongatiAioo deploring tM death of a chief at Vivaoo; 
 and other fimilar inftances occurred during our ftay. 
 The moit poinfiil operations, bowcver, «re pradiced 
 4 
 
 only when they mourn the death ofthoTe moft iteatly 
 conneded with them. When a pelfim dies, he it 
 wrapped up in mats, or cloth, or both, and thtn in. 
 terred. The Fiatookas feem to be appropriated to the 
 chiefs, and other perfont of dtltinctioit, but ihfcrior 
 bcople have no particular fpot fet apart for their burial. 
 It is unceruin what nnourninff ceremonies follow the 
 general one; but we are wellafrured of there being 
 others which continue a long time ; the fbneral of Mao 
 reewagee's wife was intended with ceremoniei of five 
 days duration. Thefe people feem to conflder death 
 as a great evil, to avert which they have a very Angular 
 cuftom. When Captain Cook, during his former 
 voyage, vifited thefe iflands. he obfcrvedthat many of 
 the natives had one or both of their little fingers cut ofl^i 
 of the reafon of which mutilation he could not theti 
 obtain a fatisfadory account. But he was now in> 
 formed, that they performed this operation when they 
 are afflidcd with lome dangerous diforder, which they 
 imagine may bring them to the grave. They fuppofi^, 
 that the little finger will be accepted of by the deKy. as 
 a kind of propitiatory facrificc. fuflicicntly eflicacioua 
 to procure their recovery. In cutting it ofl^. they makie 
 ufe of a ftonc hatchet. Wc faw fcarcci^ one perfon in 
 ten who was not thus mutilated » and they fomctimes 
 cut fo clofe, as to encroach upon that bone of the hand 
 which joinsxhc amputated finger. It is alfo common 
 for the lower clafs of people to cut of^'a Joint of their 
 little finger, on account of the (icknefs ofthe chiefs to 
 whom they refpecflivcly belong. When this rigid ftritS- 
 nefs with which they perform tlicir mourning and re- 
 ligious ceremonies is confidered, it might be cxpcded, 
 that they endeavoured thereby to fccurc to themfclves 
 eternal happincfs ; but their principal objedl regards 
 things merely temporal; for they have apparently 
 little conception of future punifliment for fins com- 
 mitted in the prcfent life. They believe, however, 
 that they meet with juft punilhment in the prefenc 
 ftate ! and. therefore, put every method in pradtice 16 
 render their divinities propitious. They admit a plun* 
 lity of deities, all of them inferior to Kallafootonga, 
 who. they fay, is a female, and the fupreme authorefs 
 of nature, refiding above, and diredting the wind, rain, 
 thunder. &c. They are of opinion that when (he is 
 much difpleafed with them, the produdions of the 
 earth are olaAed, many things confumed by lightning 
 and themfelves afilidcd witn ficknefsand death; but 
 that when her anger abates, every thing is immediately 
 reftorcd to its former ftate. Among their fubordinate 
 deities, they mention Futtafaihc, or Pootafooa. who has 
 the adminiftration ofthe feaiand its produiSions; Too- 
 fooa-boolootoo, god of the clouds and fogs ; Tallcteboo, 
 Mattaba, Tareeava, and others. The fame fyftem of 
 principles does not extend all overthc P'ricndly Iflands ; 
 the fupreme deity of Hapacc, for inflance, being called 
 Alo Alo. They entertain very abfurd opinions relative. 
 to th|e power and various attributes of tneir gods, who, 
 they fuppofe, have no further concern with them afteir 
 death. They have, however, jufterfcntiments refpec- 
 ting the immortality of the foul, which they call life, 
 the living principle, or an Otooa, that is a divinity. 
 They imagine that, immediately after death, the fouls 
 of tneir chiefs are feparated from their bodies, and go 
 to a dc'lig'itfol region called Boolootoo. the god of 
 which is ftiled Gooleho, by whom they probably pcr- 
 fonify death. His country, according to their mytho. 
 logy, is the general repofitory of the dead; and they 
 who are once conveyra thither die no more, and feafl 
 on all the favourite proc'.udiians of their native foil, with 
 which this blUsful abode is fuppofed by them to be 
 plentifully fomiftied. The fouls of thofe in the fowell 
 Tank ofthe people are faid to fuffer a kind of tnuflfaii- 
 
 Eation { or are eaten up. they think, by a bird, catlhl 
 kou, which walks over the graves with that intent. 
 They do not wbrfhip any vifible part of the creation, oi: 
 any thing made with tneir own hands: nor do they 
 ttiake anydflTcrings ofdog^hogs,and fruit (lu is the cuf- 
 tom at Otaheite) unlcfs emblematically : but there is no 
 H reafon to doubt, of their offering dp human facrificei. 
 Their Fiatookas, or Monit, are, in genertd, burying- 
 
 grounds 
 
- ' ^ ' ' " ' " — "" ' ' ■ 
 
 COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYACfi— To the t>ACIFIC OCEAN. «tc. 47^ 
 
 ^ --•'-- -■ - ■ - ■ — - ^ - 
 
 graundi ■nd phcM of werftiip > fbme of them, however, 
 appctrcd to M tpprDpriated enljr 10 the former pur- 
 poTe I but thcAwcre fiMll, Mid yen Inferior to the reft. 
 We arc acquainted only with the general outlines of 
 thcii' covcmnMiK. A lubordination. refemblinff the 
 ftudal fyftem efourancefton in Europe, it eOabliflird 
 among themi butof iu fulidivifioni. aAdtheconni- 
 tuent parti, w« are iononnt. Bjr fomc of the nativei 
 we were informed, that the Icins'i power is unlimited, 
 and that he hu the abfolute diipoul of the livei and 
 BfOpertiei of hit fubjedb 1 yet the few circumftancei 
 Oirt feU under our obfervation, contradided, rather 
 than oonflrmcd, the idea of a defpotic fway. Maree< 
 wagee. Feenou,«nd Old Toobou, adled each the part of 
 •>pett]r fovereisn, and not unfrcquently counteni<i!led 
 the meafuretofthe king. Nor wat the court of Pou- 
 iAo fupcrior in fptendor to thofe of Old Toobou and 
 Mareewagte, who, next to hit majefhr, were the moft 
 potent chieft in thefe iflandt ; ana after them Fccnou 
 appeared to Hand higheft in rank and authority. But, 
 however independent on the king the principal men 
 may be, the inferior people are totally fubjcift to the 
 will of the chieft to whom the^ feverally belong. The 
 idand of Tongataboo it divided into numerous dif- 
 triAt, each of which hat its peculiar chief, uiio dif- 
 iributet juftice, and decidei difputet within his own 
 territory. Mod of thefc chicUaint have cflatet in 
 other iflandt, whence they procure fupplie^. The 
 king, at Rated times, receives the productions of his 
 diftant domains, at Tongataboo, which it not only the 
 ufual place of hit refidence, but the abode of moft 
 
 Erfons of diftindlion among thefe idands. Its in* 
 bitanu call it frequently the L^nd of Chiefs, and 
 iligmatize the fiibordinate ifles with the appellation 
 of Lands ofServantt. The chiefs are ftyled by the 
 neople Lords of the Earth, and alfo of the fun and 
 flcy. The royal family aflTume the name of Futtafaihe, 
 from the god diftinguiflied by that title, who is pro. 
 bably confidcrcd by them as their tutelary patron. 
 The king's peculiar title is fimply Tooe Tonga. The 
 order and decorum obferved in his prefence, and like- 
 wife in that of the other chiefs, are truly admirable. 
 Whenever he (its down, all the attendants feat them. 
 fclvet before him, forming a fcmi-circle, and leaving 
 a fufficient fpace between them and him, into which 
 no one, unleft he has particular bufinefs, prefumcs to 
 enter; nor is any one Aift'crcd to fit, or pafs behind 
 him, or even near him, without his permifTion. When 
 a perfon wifhcs to fpeak to his mniefly, he comes for- 
 ward, and having feated himfelf before him, delivers 
 in a few words what he has to fay ; then, after being 
 favoured with an anfwer, retires. It' the king fpeaks 
 to any one, the latter gives an anfwcr from liis fear, 
 unleft he it to receive an order-, in which cafe he 
 rifes from hit place, and feats himfelf rrofs-legged. 
 Capuin King has affirmed, that this iraflurc is pecu- 
 liar to the men, for,the females, that gentleman fays, 
 always fit with both their legs thrown a little on one 
 fide. To fpeak to the king flanding would here be 
 confidered as a glaring mark of rucknefs. None of 
 the mod civiliiM nations have ever exceeded thefe 
 iflanden in the great order and regularity maintained 
 •n every occafion, in ready and fubmiflive compliance 
 with the commands of their fuperiors, and in the 
 perfiedtharmonjf that fubfifls among all ranks. Such a 
 behaviour manifefls itfelf in a 'remarkable manner, 
 whenever their chiefs harangue a body of them aflTem- 
 Ued together, which frequently happens. Thegreateft 
 attention andmoftprafound fllenceareobferved during 
 the haiwigue 1 and whatever might be the purport of 
 theoratien, we neverfaw a'fingTe indance, when any 
 one of thofe who wtrepreTent, (hewed figns of being 
 difpicafed, or fetmed in the leaft inclined to difpute 
 the declared will df thefpeaker. It is a peculiar pri- 
 vilege annexed tothcpwfon of the king, not to be 
 punaured, nor eiMwncifed, as all his Tubjeas are. 
 Whtnever he wilka witi nil irtin meet him muft fit 
 down till he hat paflM. No perfon ia fiiflfered to be 
 oMrbishcidt but all mull, en<tlifrC«Htnry,eom^ under 
 bis feet. Tbc umlbfii «f doing lioniage to him/ 
 
 
 and the other (Chiefs, isu follows! the perfort who is 
 to pay obciAnce, fauatt down before the great perfon'* 
 atfc, and bowt the nead down to the folc of nit fooi| 
 which he tajpt or loiichet, with the upper and unddf 
 fide of the nngcrt of each hand 1 then riflng up, he 
 retire*. We nad redfon to think, that hit majefty 
 cannot refufe anv one who it detirous of paying him 
 thit homage, called by the native* moe moea > for th« 
 people would frequently think proper to Ai^w hint 
 thele marks of fubmiUion when he wa< walking; and« 
 on fuch o<'Ci«(ions, he was obliged to flop, and hold up 
 one of his feet behind him, till they had performed 
 this refpcdiful ccrenionv. This, to fo corpulent and 
 unwcildy a man as Poulaho, mull have been irouble- 
 fome and painful ; and we have fecn him fomctimca 
 endeavour, by running, to get out of the way, or to 
 reach a convenient place for lining down. 1he hands, 
 after having been thus applied, become in fome cafes, 
 ufclcfs a Ihort time j for till thefe arc waflii-d, they nuift 
 not touch food of any kind. This prohibition, in a 
 country, where water is far from being plentiful, would 
 lie attended with an inconvenience, !? a piece of *nf 
 juicy plant, which they can immediately procure, 
 being rubbed over the hands, did not fcrvc for the 
 pur{X)fe of purification. When thus circumflsncedj 
 they term their fituation taboo rema ; the former word 
 generally fignifyiiig forbidden, and the latter implying 
 hand. When thi: taboa is incurred, by doing hor--go 
 to a perfon of rank, it may thus be eafily waf1ie« on'| 
 but in feveral other cafes, it mud continue tor a cer- 
 tain perioii. Wc have often fecn women, who have 
 been taboo rema, led by others. The interdided per- 
 fon, after the limit(^d time it elapfcd, wnflics herll-lf in 
 one of their baths, which are, in general, dirtv ponds of 
 brackifh water. She then waits u|x)rt the king, and, 
 after having paid the cuflomar>- obeifance, takes hold 
 of his foot, which fhc applies to her flioulders. breaft, 
 and other parts; he thenembraces her on both fliouljeri, 
 and file immediately retircn, purified from her imclean- 
 nefs. If it be always neceH'ary to have recourfl* to his 
 majefty for this purpofe (of which we arc not certain, 
 though Omiah alTured us it wasj it may be one rrafoM 
 for his travelling very frctiucntly from one ifland to 
 another. The word taboo, as we have before obferved, 
 has a very cxtenlive fignitication. They call hiimart 
 facrificcs, Tangata taboo; and when any particular 
 thing is prohibited to he eaten, or made ufc of, the/ 
 fay it is talwo. Wc were told liy tlirni, that 'if the 
 king Ihould go into a hoiife belonging to one of his 
 fubjedb, that houfe would become taboo, and could 
 never be again inliabitcd by the owner of it ; fo that, 
 wherever his majcfty travels, there are houfcs peculiarly 
 alligned for his aacommodation. At this time Old 
 Toobou prelidcd over the raboo; that is, if Omiah did 
 not mifundcrfiand thofe who gave him the intelligence, 
 he, and his deputies, had thcinfpcaion of all the produce 
 of the ifland, taking care that each individual fhouldf 
 cultivate and plant hisquota.and diredling whatfhould 
 and what fhould not be eaten. By Co prudent a regulation. 
 
 they ukeefTedual precautions againftafaminc; fufficient 
 ground it employed in raifing provifions; and every 
 article is fecured from unncceffary confumption. Br 
 another good regulation, an officer of nnk is appointed 
 to fuperintend the police. This department was ad.* 
 miniflertd, while we continued among them, bf 
 Feenou, whofe bufinefs (as wc were informed) ic*w«a, 
 to punifh all delinquents: he was aUb geneiaiiflimo, or 
 commander in chief of the forces of the iflandi. 
 Poulaho himfelf declared to us, that, if he fhould be* 
 cpioe a bad man, Feenou would dedirone, and Itilt 
 <him; by which he doubtlefs meant, that, if heniwleatd 
 the duties of his high fhtion, or governed in ^TiBianiKr 
 ,that would prove prejudicial to the public welfare. Fee- 
 • nou would be defined by the other ^hiafi, or j^ the 
 colledive body of the people, to depofe him ftbm the 
 fupreme command, and put him to death. A kinir 
 thus fubjcA to contrsulaad punHbrnent forabufeSp 
 power, cannot juftly be deemed a defpotic priitcoi 
 When we take into confideration ASinumber of iflartds 
 of which this fiateconfifis, and-thrdiftance of which 
 
 •^1' 
 
 6 £ 
 
 foine 
 
I^^l^g^ 
 
 47« 
 
 Capt. COOK'* VOYAGES 
 
 C O M P L E T B.mVj 
 
 Mil 
 
 m 
 
 I . 
 
 4 i 
 
 I ■! 
 
 '■: 
 
 ^li 
 
 fcmc of them tre removed from the frat of spvem- 
 kncnt, aRempti to throw oflP the yoke of fubjcdliwi 
 might be n^ipivhended. But they informed ui, that 
 thii circumftance never happen*. One rcafon of their 
 fiot being thin embroiled in domeftic commotinna may 
 be thill that all the principal chiefs take up their refl- 
 dcnce at Tongataboo. Tney alfo fccure tnc dtpcnd- 
 ence of the other iflei, by the decifive celerity of tlieir 
 lOpcrationa : for if a feditiout and popular man ftiould 
 ftart up in any of theqi, Fecnou, or whoever happen* 
 to hola hii omce, ii immediately difpatched thither to 
 put him to death I by which meant they rxtinguifli an 
 infurrcdiion while it ii yet in embryo. The different 
 claflcs of their chief* feemed to be iiearl|r as numerou* 
 w amonc us; but there are few, comparatively fpeakingi 
 that arc lord* of extenfivc diHricU of territory. It it 
 faid, that when a perfon of property dies, all his pof- 
 fefliuns devolve on the (ovcrcicn t but that it it cudo- 
 mary to give them to the cldcft fon of the deceafed, 
 with this condition annexeM, that he (hould provide, 
 out of the eftate, for the other children. The crown it 
 hereditary t and we know, from a particular circum- 
 ftance, thiat the Futtafaihe^, of which family it Poulaho, 
 iiave reigned, in a diredl line, for the fpace of at lead 
 one hundred and thirty five years, which have elapfed 
 between our prefent vifit to thcfe idands, and Tafman't 
 difcovcry of them. Upon our inquiring, whether any 
 traditional account of the arriva^ of Tafman't fliips 
 had been prcfcrvcd among them, till this time, we 
 found, that the hiftory had been delivered down to them 
 with grrat accuracy : for they faid, that his two fliipt 
 rcfcmbli'd ours ; and alfo mentioned the place where 
 they had lain at anchor) their having continued but a 
 fewdays; and their quitting that ftationtogoto An- 
 naroookai and, for the purpofc of informing us how 
 long agothis affair had happened, they communicated to 
 us the nnme of the Futtataihe who reigned at that time, 
 and thofc who fucceedcd him in the fovereigntydownto 
 Poulaho, who is the fifth monarch fmce that period. It 
 might be imagined, that the prefent reigning fovercign 
 of the Friendly IHes had the highell rank in hit domi- 
 nions : but we found it otherwife ; for Latoolibooloo, 
 whom we have already noticed, and three ladies of rank, 
 ate fuperior in fonie refpcds to Poulaho himfclf. Thefe 
 great perfonages, arediftinguiihed by the title of Tam> 
 maha, which denotes a chief. When we made enquiry 
 conccrning them, wc were informed that the late king, 
 father of Poulaho, left behind him a fitter of equal 
 rank, and older than himfclfj that, by a native of Fee- 
 jec, Ihe hud a fon and two daughters; and that thefe 
 three perfons, as well as their mother, are of higher rank 
 than the king. The mother, and one ofhcr daugh- 
 tets, named Tooecla-kaipa, refidc at Vavaoo : the other 
 daughter, called Moungoula-kaipa, and Latoolibooloo, 
 the fon, dwell at Tongataboo. Moungoula-kaipa. is 
 the lady of quality whom we mentioned ashavingdined 
 with Captain Cook on the 2 1 tt of June. Latoolibooloo 
 is thougnt by his countrymen to be out of his fenfct. 
 At Middlcburgh. they Ihewed us a confiderable quan- 
 tity of land, faid to be his property ; and, at the fame 
 place, we faw a fon of his, a child, who was honoured 
 with the fame rcfpcft, title, and homage as hit father : 
 aiid the nativca much humoured and careiTcd thit little 
 Tammaha. 
 
 ? The language of thefe idands bean a great refetn- 
 blancc to that of Ouheite, as will appear from the 
 fiillowing fmall collection of worda, which we have 
 •ndcavoured tomakeatcorrcd as poilible. 
 
 A TABLE, containing a ihort fpecimen of the Lan- 
 ^'guageof the Friendly Islands, with correfponding 
 ■' wtfrda of the fiune iignification, at ufed in Otaheite. 
 
 FktitNiHy Isles 
 
 Otaheite 
 
 English 
 
 ICoonMO 
 
 Ooitu 
 
 ne Beard 
 
 Wakka 
 
 Evaa 
 
 A Boat w Came 
 
 Oole 
 
 Efe 
 
 Black 
 
 Ahb 
 
 Aou 
 
 The Dawn 
 
 Tfueeng* 
 
 Tareet 
 
 rbt Ear 
 
 Eafoi 
 
 Taheine 
 
 Fooroo 
 
 Fonooa 
 
 Tao 
 
 Tangata 
 
 Motooa 
 
 Ooha 
 
 Goula 
 
 Elaa 
 
 Mohe 
 
 Tooa 
 
 Tahee 
 
 Fatoort 
 
 Elelo 
 
 Amou 
 
 Horo 
 
 Matangee 
 
 Avy 
 
 Vefaine 
 
 Kohaeea 
 
 Mafanna 
 
 Ou 
 
 Koe 
 
 Ai 
 
 Kaee 
 
 Ongofooroo 
 
 Etoo 
 
 I'angee 
 
 Eky 
 
 Eahoi 
 
 Tocnea 
 
 Eroroo 
 
 FeiKXM 
 
 Tao 
 
 Taata 
 
 Madooa 
 
 Eooa 
 
 Ooraoora 
 
 Eraa 
 
 Moe. 
 
 I'outouortebu A 
 
 A 
 
 Tbe 
 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 
 The 
 
 Tact 
 
 Pateere 
 
 Erero 
 
 Mou 
 
 Horoee 
 
 Mauee 
 
 Evy 
 
 Waheine 
 
 Yahaeea 
 
 Mahanna 
 
 Wou 
 
 Oe 
 
 Ai 
 
 Aee 
 
 Ahooroo 
 
 Atoo 
 
 Taec 
 
 Ey 
 
 Tbt 
 
 The 
 
 Girl 
 Hair 
 
 iMuttffftar 
 
 Vartttt 
 
 Jiam 
 
 Rtd 
 
 Sun 
 
 Sleep 
 
 Servant, »r «Ht ^ 
 
 mean rank 
 Sea 
 
 Thwider 
 Timne 
 ToMd/aft 
 T$ u'ipt, trtUanfe 
 H^ind -HY 
 
 tVatet * 
 
 IVemaH 
 
 lybat is that t 
 Harm 
 J 
 
 Tm « 
 
 res 
 Nt 
 TV// 
 
 To rife up 
 To /hid tears 
 To eat 
 
 Wc muft here obferve, that vocabularies of th!« 
 kind cannot be entirely free from errors. Thcfe will 
 unavoidably fpringup from various caul'cs. It will be 
 difficult to fix the objedl of enquiry, when the concep- 
 tions of thofc from whom wc are to learn the words, lb 
 widely differ from our own ; nor could much be ob- 
 tained from a preceptor who knew very few words of 
 any language that his pupil was converfant with: but/ 
 what led us frequently into miflakcs, wat, the impofli- 
 bility of catching the true found of a word, to which 
 our ears had never been accuflomed, from perfont, 
 whofc pronunciation feemed to us, in general, to in- 
 didindl, that two of us writing down tnc fame word 
 from the fame mouth, made ufe, not only of different 
 vowels, but even different confonantt, the founds of 
 which are lead liable to ambiguity. Bcfides, from the 
 natives endeavouring to imitate ut, or from our having 
 mifunderAood them, we were led into firangecorrup- 
 tions of words: thus, for example; cheeto, though to- 
 tally different from the real word, in the language of 
 Tongataboo, was always ufed by us to exprcfs a tnief. 
 lliis midake took its rife from one, into which we had 
 fallen, when at New Zealand. For though the word 
 that fignifics thief there, is the very fame in the 
 Friendly Idands (being Kaeehaa at both places) yet by 
 fome blunder we had ufed the word teete, firfl at New 
 Zealand, and afterwards at Tongataboo; the natives 
 whereof, endeavouring to in^itate us as nearly at they 
 could, febricated the word cheeto ; and this, by acoin« 
 plication of miflakcs, wat adopted by ut at our own. 
 
 The language of the Friendly Idanda bears a drik- 
 ing refemUance to that of new Zealand, of Otaheite, 
 aiM all the Society Iflct. Many of their words are 
 alfo the fame with thcfe ufed by the inhabitants of 
 Cocoa Idand, at may be feen by confulting a vocabu- 
 lary made there by Le Mairc and Schouten. And yet. 
 though Tafnun't people ufed the wordt of that voca- 
 bulary, inTpeakii^ to the nativet of Tongauboo, (his 
 Amfbfdam) we are tdd, in the accounti of his voy- 
 age,, that they did not uridcrdand one another: a cir- 
 cumfbmce worthy of notice ; at it fliewt how cautioiu 
 we ought to be, inxm the fcanty evidence afforded by 
 fuch tranlient viiitt at Tafnun'a,- and we may fay. as 
 thofc of moft of the fubfequent navigatort of the Pa- 
 cific Ocean,' tq foidid ahy argument about the affinity, 
 or want of affiiiity, of the languages of different iflandi. 
 No perfba will venture to fay now, that a C^ot man, 
 and one; of Tongataboo, could noCj miderftand each 
 4 ' ochcr.' 
 
 !■ 
 
COOK'S YHIRD ind LAbT VOYAGE— lo the FACIHIC «)CEAN, «cc. 479 
 
 other. Some of the wordi «t Horn Wand, tnothcr o» 
 Schoutcn't dircoviriet, are Mo a part of the language 
 of I'ongaiaboo. 
 
 The pronunciation of the nativca of the Fricndiv 
 I(1e» diReri, indeed, in many inttancei, from that both 
 of Otaheite and New Zealand 1 ncverthcicfs a great 
 nuniber of wordi, are either very little chan^d, or 
 cxadtly the fame. The language fpoken by the h riendly 
 Klanderi, it fufficiently copioui to exprcrs all their ideas i 
 and.bcddes being harinonioui in common convcrfation, 
 it eafily adapted to thcpurpofct of mtiflc.of which we 
 had many proofi. At tar at we could judge, from our 
 Ihort intercourfe with the nativet, its component parts 
 are not numerous 1 and in Tome of its rules it agrcci 
 with other known languagci: indeed it han none of the 
 inHe^liont of nounsand verbs, as in the< Latin tongue 1 
 bat we could difcern eafilythe fcvcral degrees of com* 
 parifcui. Among hundreds of words we were able to 
 colica, we found terms to cxprefs numbers as far as a 
 hundred thoufand, beyond which tliry either would 
 not, or could not reckon: for having got thus far, 
 tlicy commonly ufed a word exprclTmg an indcfmite 
 number. 
 
 At thefe ilandt the tidet are inorc confidcmbie, than 
 at any other of Captain Cook's difcovciirs in this 
 occun, that arc fituated within either of the tropics. In 
 tlu channels between the illamls, it ilows near tide and 
 h lU' tide; and it is only here and in a few places near 
 the iliores, that the tide is perceptible; fu that wc could 
 giicTsonly at the quarter from whence the flood comes. 
 
 In the road of Annamuoka it fcts W. S. W. and lh« 
 ebb the contrary, but it falls into the harbour of Tun« 
 gaiaboo from the N. W. pafl'es through the two gutt 
 on each fide of Hoolaiva, where it nms rapidly, and 
 then fpcndt itfcif in the Lagoon. I'he enb return* 
 the fame way with rather prra*cr force. The N. W. 
 tide, at the entrance of the Lagoon, is met by one from . 
 the E. but thit we found to be very inconfidcrable. At 
 Annamooka it is high water mar fix o'clock, on the 
 full and change of the moon; and the tide rifes and 
 falls about Itx feet, upon a prrpendicjular. In the har- 
 bour of I'on^'ataboo the tide rifet and fallt four feet 
 three quarters on the full and change days, and tluce 
 feet and a half at the quadraturet. 
 
 During our Hay here we had feveral favourable 0|>> 
 portunities of niaking agronomical and nautical obfcr- 
 vationi; whereby we afcertained the dirterencc of loa« 
 gitude between Annamooka and Tonuataboo with more 
 exadnefs than wjn done in Captain Cook's fecomi voy- 
 age. 1 he latitude of the former is 30 deg. i c min. & 
 and its longitnde 185 deg. 11 min. 18 fie. E. The 
 obfcrvatory was placed on the writ lidc of this idand: 
 anil near the miiKllc of the north fide of the ifland of 
 Tongataboo.the I ititiidc of which, according to the moft 
 accurate obfervations, wc found to be 21 deg, 8 min. 1 a 
 fee. S. and its longituiic iS^dep. 55 min. 18 fee. t* 
 Having now toiicludiMl our icmari<s on the Friendly 
 Iflands, and the natives, uc tliail take a hnal leave of 
 them, and refunie in the next chapter, the profccutioA 
 of thehiftory of our voyage. 
 
 S III 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 The Rffotutm and Difcavery dirfft their Courfefw Otaheite tind the Sodrly Ijl,-s — Hravv Squalls and hlmving fVeiitber—— 
 AuEctipfeof the Mom ehjerved—lhey dir<ynKr tlv Ifland of Toohm'ai— Its Situation, Extent, ami Producer— A De- 
 JtriptiOH of the Per/ons, Dr^fs, and Qviofs, »/ the MMiitaiils—lhe twoSbips arrive in Oheitepea Hailmr at Otaheite-— 
 
 Omiiib's Reeeplion—His impru.ienl OirMff-^An Aeeount if two Sptmjb Ships, n-hieb bad twice vi/i/ed the Ifland 
 
 Great Demand for red feathers— Captain Cook vijits a Chief /aid by Omiab to be the OHa, or God of liolahola— Account 
 ^ a Houfeereliedhthe Spaniards— In/criptions— The Captain's Interview ro ith fVaheindooa—Defcription of a Toopa- 
 paoo—An Entbufiaft —The Ships anchor in Matavai Dav— Interview with Otto, King of Otaheite— Omiab's impru- 
 dent Behwioiir—Ammats landed, and Occupations on Shore— I'ifit from a Native uho bad Seen at Lima-- Particulars 
 relating to Oedidee—A Reiellionin Eimeo—A Council of Chiefs called, ivljo declare for H''ar— A human Sacrifice offered 
 Jorthe-Suceefs of ibeir Arms— An Account of the Ceremonies^ at the great Moral, and the Behaviour of the Natives— ' 
 Other particular Cufloms among the Olabeiteans, 
 
 ON Thnrfday, the 1 7th of July, when (leering for 
 our intended port, the body of ISaoo, at eight 
 o'clock in the evening, bore N. E. by N. dillant three 
 leagues. The wind blew a frefli gale at cart ; and wc 
 ftood with it to the fouth, till after lix o'clock the next 
 morning, when, in latitude 32 deg. 24 min. S. a fuddcn 
 fquall took our (hip aback, and before they could be 
 trimmed on the other tack, the main-fail and top-gal- 
 lant fails were much torn. On the 19th, the wind kept 
 between the S. W. and S. E. and the next day veered 
 to the E. N. E. and N. In the night between the 20th 
 and 2ift an cclipfeof the moon was obferved, when we 
 found our Ihip to be in latitude ii deg, 57 min. 30 fee. 
 and in longitude 1 86 deg. 57 min. 30 lee. We con- 
 tinued to ftrctch to the E, S. E. without meeting with 
 any thing remarkable till Tucfday the 29th. when, in 
 latitude 38 deg. 6 min S. and in longitude 189 deg. 23 
 itiin, E. the weather became tempeffuous, and a fudden 
 fquall carried away the main-top, and top-gallaiit-maft 
 of the Difcovery. She had alfo her jib carried away, 
 iuid her main-fail fplit. It it aftoniftiing to fee with 
 what fpirit and alacrity Englilhrailon exert themfelves 
 on fuch occafiotu, Amidft a ftorm, when it would 
 have been almoft impofliblc for a landfman to have 
 trofted himfclf upt^i deck, the iailors mounted aloft, 
 and with inCredlWt rapidity (clttired away the wreck, 
 by which they preferved the fliip. Nothing equal to 
 ihisdilkftcrhad^ippeMd teiheDifcoveiyin thecdurfe ' 
 of her voywe. Nor did the Relblution efcape the 
 fiJry of this ftomi. We were, at thii time, under lin- 
 gle reefed top4aiU, cOtufcs, and ftay:ikil«. Two of 
 
 the latter were almoft dcmolifhed, and it was with the 
 utmoft difficulty that we favcd the other fails. The 
 fquall being over, we faw feveral lights moving on 
 board the Djfcovery ; whence we concluded that (omc- 
 thing had given way. Both wind and wcajhcr conti- 
 nued very unfcttlcd till noon, when the latter cleared 
 up, and the former fettled in the N. W. quarter. 
 This day we were viiitcd by fome pintado birds, 
 which were the fuft we had feen finoe we left land. 
 At noon, of the 3 1 ft. Captain Gierke made a fignal 
 to fpcak with us ; and by the return of our boat uc 
 were informed, that the head of the Difcovery's 
 main-mad had fprung in fuch a manner, as to render 
 the rigging of another top mart exceeding dangerous; 
 that having loft his top-gallant-yard, he had not ano- 
 
 Ither on board, ner a (par to make one : we therefore 
 fent him our fprit-fail top-fail-yard, which fupplied 
 this want for the prelent ; and the next day, by getting 
 up a jury-top- maft, on which was fet a mizen-top-fail^ 
 theDifcovery was enabled to keep way with theRefo- 
 lution. 
 
 On Friday, the ift of Auguft, the Difcovery's cotr* 
 pany celebrated the anniverfary of their departure from 
 England, having been juft one year abfent. The men 
 ^ >*erc indulged with a double allowance of grog, and 
 they fotigo.t in the jollity of their cans, the hardlhips 
 to which they had been expofed in the late ftorm. Wc 
 fteeredE. N. E. and N. E. without meeting with any" 
 rcnoarkable occurrence till Friday the 8th, when, at 
 eleven o'clock, the man at the maft-head called out 
 land, which we obferved bearing N. N. E. nine or ten 
 1 ^gues 
 
 I 
 
 ''' !i 
 
 » 
 
 / 
 
4t» 
 
 Oipt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 lli 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ln|wt dHUnt. At IM it tp^wfcd like ttpum u Md pOhg hNwtaR MM iIMmi IM ftmt of tlM* 
 Hhndti tut u «c appnMchcd. «t fiMnd h wu em- I wlHni «t BtiMid apm iIm bMhi ««f> cvmahMif 
 llcdcd, ferming one and tSc iiNw Mhnd. WtiMdel •'— ^"-^ h irtiltr 'nmt nf niir rlflfnri Inifcl wiiww.twil 
 dircAly fcr it, with ■ Rne grfr, Mid at ftvcn Vctock, I ikrirnKka ofwiwii iw l with Mri4Mli| mi ma ol 
 P.M. itnielidcd finDmK.bf E loN. N. ELdMliM diim c«mi«i«l bbwiM alame <»nch4ktll| w «Mcb 
 fcurMuHM. On the 9th, •ida)r break, wc (hand In trMd.oT akowiira fteilMig, wm Axtd. Ht kMM 
 the N. W. or let ildc of the iHand i and u «t flwd ki a iMf me. whhoM any varhitton, and rtU iw M di 
 found Ui S. W. part, we fliw it maRM b)r a iftf or eOTT«mditlm«a kfaidofmulicaiinftrMiteM. Wh*. 
 cflraLrock, cxtrndiita in feme placf s, at lead, a mile iker the kiming at the coMch waa with mf paftkukr 
 fn>mthcland.ilida high Atrfbfcakk^g over it. Aawt view, or what it porMndid,wt cannot by, but w« never 
 
 hwnd k to be the winger oratac*. Attethcirca- 
 nna, they appoarediebe abmit Mny feet long.and they 
 loTe about two feet abnv« iht IkHbct of the waitr. aa 
 diey floated. The fervaartMojadM a liititi the if- 
 tnCoart rofr to the heifihi of twoor ihfc* fcct, with a 
 
 drew near, we law people walking or running along 
 fltorv, #1 KVcnl pana of the coaft, and, in a Owrt timt 
 ■fter. when we had reached the Ice iide of the ifland, 
 «w law two canoes, wherein were about a detcn men, 
 who paddled towards ui. In order to give theft ca- 
 tion time to come up with ut, ai wfll as to found lor 
 anchorsgc, we fliortencd Taili and, at the diftanee of 
 half a mile from the reef, we found from 40 to 1 ^ A. 
 thorns water. The canoes having advanced within 
 feiftoUlhot of the (hips, fuddcnly fteppcd. We dcfired 
 Dmiah, u was ufual on fuch occauons, to endeavour 
 to prevail upon them to come nearer 1 but none of his 
 trgumentscould induce them 10 truft themfelvet within 
 our reach. They often pointed eagerly to the Ihorc 
 with their paddles ( at the fame time calling to us to go 
 thither I and many of the people on the beach held up 
 femecliin^ white in their hanos, which we conftrucd as 
 an invitation for us to land. We could caiily have ac- 
 complifhed this, there being good anchorage without 
 the reef, and an opening in it, through which titc ca- 
 noes had paflcd: but it was not thouont prudent to rilk 
 the advantage of a fair wind, in order to examine an 
 {(land that 10 us at prefent appeared to be of little con> 
 fcqucnce. We required no refrcftiments. if we had 
 txcn certain of meeting with them there^ and therefore, 
 after having made fcveral unfuccefsfnl attempts, to 
 prevail upon the iflanders to come along fide, we made 
 fail to the north and left them 1 having hrft learned that 
 the name of their idand was Toobouai. It wu a new 
 difcovery, fituacc in a.i deg. 2 j inin. S. latitude, and 
 aiodcg. 37 min. E. longitude A gentleman on board 
 the Dilcoviry fay^ ; the men appeared of the lai^eft 
 Oature, and tattowcd from head cu toot ; their language 
 (iillcrent t'loin any we were yet acouaintcd withi their 
 drefs not unlike that of the AmfterJamntcrs ; their com- 
 plexion darl(cr 1 their heads ornamented with (hells, fea- 
 thers, and flowers t and their canoes neatly conftruAed 
 and elegantly carved. Of their manners we could form 
 little or no iudgcmcnt. They appeared cxtremclyr ti- 
 mid; but, uy their waving green boughs, and exhibit- 
 ing other figni of peace, they gave us rcafon to believe 
 that they were friendly. They exchanged ftrnw fnull 
 fHh and cocoa nuts for nails and Miodlcbuigh cloth. 
 In our approach to Toobouai, fume of our gentleinen, 
 on boifird the Refolution, made the few following re- 
 marks. 
 
 Thesrearef^ extent of thi» ifland, in any direction. 
 Is not above live or fix miles : but the above gentleman, 
 belonging to the Difcovery, Pays, "Its greated length 
 IS about twelve mites, and its breadth about (bur." 
 Small, however, as it appeared to us, there are hills in 
 it of a confiderable elevation ; at the foot of which is a 
 narrow border of flat land, extending almoft all round 
 bordered with a white fand beach, except a ftw 
 with patches of trees intei^ 
 
 lual curve, and, lilM the unper 
 was carved all over. The reft of th« 'lldes were ormU 
 
 pwt of the fides. 
 
 it: 
 
 
 mented with fl<t white flieHscurkiunydirpoftd. Thert 
 were eight men m one of the canoes, and fevcn In the 
 other. They were conduced with fmoll paddles, 
 whofe blades were almoA cirrukiri and th^ Ibtnetimea 
 paddled with the two oppollte fides fo clo(i» together, 
 that they appeared to be but one boat 1 the rowers oc« 
 caflonally turning their fkcn to the (lem, and pulling 
 towards it without turning the canoes round. Seeing 
 we were determined to leave them, they flood up, and 
 repeated (bmething loud 1 but we knew not whether 
 they were cxprefling hnltile intentions, or friendfliip. 
 It is ceruin, however, that they had not any weapona 
 with than 1 nor could we with our glaiSea difcover, 
 that thole on (hore were armed. 
 
 Leaving this ifland, we proceeded, with an eafy 
 breeze, to the nonh, and on TucTday the 1 ath, at day 
 break, we came in light of the ifland of Maitea. 
 Soonaftertheman at thcmift-head called out land, 
 which proved to be the ifland of Otaheite, of which 
 we were in fearch s the point of Otaite IVha, or Gheitr- 
 
 Cha Bav. bearing wefl. four leagues diflant. For this 
 y we Itcered, intending to anchor there, in order to 
 prcKure fome rcfrelhments from the S. E. pan of the 
 ifland, before we failed to Mauvai, where we cxpedltd 
 our principal fupply.Wc had a fteih gale till tw* o'clock 
 P. M. when at about a league from the bav, the wind 
 fuddcnly died away. About two hows aner, we had 
 fudden fqualls, with rain, from the eafti fothat, afltr 
 having in vain attempted to gain the anchoring place, 
 wc were obliged to (land out, and fpend the night at 
 fea. As we approached the ifland. we were attended 
 by feveral canoes, each conuining two or three men: 
 but being of the tower cla(s, Omuh took no puticulai 
 noticeofthem. northieyof him. They did not know 
 that he wuoneof their countrymen, though they had 
 converfed with him for Tome time. At length a chief, 
 whom Capuin Cook had known before, nanwd Ooiee, 
 and Omiah'a brother-in-law. who happened to be at 
 this time, at thia corner of the Iflaiil and three or 
 four others, all of whom knew Omkh, before he em- 
 barked With Captain t^umeaux, came on board: ycc 
 there was nothiitt in the Icnft tender or firiking in iMr 
 meeting, but on the cooxntf^tpakA indiObMnce on 
 both floes, till Omiah, condueUi^ Hi* btother into the 
 cabin, opened a drawer, and gave hhn a lew ivd fea> 
 thers: this circunifluce being foon comnHinicatcd to 
 
 the reft of the nativcf on deck. Ootee^ who befora 
 rocky cliiTs in one part, with patches of trees inter- H w«iuld hardly fjgak to hkn, now b^ggc4 that thev 
 fperred to their fummits. Thi < ifland. as we were in- I nrifeht be Tayoa (friends) and exchange namca. Onwfi 
 ^med by die men in the canoes, is plentifully flocked I readily aceedttd of the honour, and « jucfent of ni 
 ^ith hogs and fowlst and produces the fev , . al kinds of I ttittxtt ntiftcd the •itfNement. Bf wvf pt ntu% 
 friiiu and trees that are to be met with in this neigh- Ootee Tent ilbore for a hqg. It warcvldent, however. 
 
 bourhood. Wc ditcovcred alfo,that the inhabitants of 
 Toobouai fpeak the langi^igeof Otaheite; an indulrit- 
 able proof that they »rt of the fame nation. Thole 
 whom we. on board the Refolution. (aw, were a flout 
 copper coloured people; fome of whom wore |heir 
 hair (which wasftraight and Mack) flowing about the 
 flxHilders, and others had it tied in a buocih Mtjhe, 
 cowh of the head. Their fiice^ were roundlm ihd fyti. 
 but the features flat; and their countemnces expr^ed 
 a degree of natural ferocity. Their «overiltg w«a a 
 piece of narrow flMff wrapped round die wailf, iaA 
 
 tOaBttf'ua prefiNi^ tlMt it was not dienian, but hit 
 anputft mtlhcv eilcemed. Had he not di4)l^re4 
 Ma iMwiitefll' red feathers. »aoiniiiodiqr of gyoat «fti> 
 iiMWIdnlDtlw'aiaiiiVitisa maWtFflf doubt whether' 
 auf MmU liave b^Jbwcd « fiagb cogomik ^ipm 
 hto. »icbyaa Ornish'* jM reception maimg hie< 
 
 Ibe'M^. t^IbfiMlMa^tlMtlhevMkfto^^ 
 citpiibatK with wtMch he mid lipenpettM b)r tht 
 libatiitydf ht»frte«da idlEnglBnd. wwild ije the cen» 
 jBtlhtWimi ofihuling him it«o ootde^ucnci^ unoi^the 
 
mmm 
 
 mt of iMk 
 
 Mi AM of 
 II, W 
 
 He 
 
 i 
 
 mt. Wlw> 
 iijr pMCiciitar 
 butwtMvtr 
 iiothfirc*- 
 mg, and they 
 hi iMKr.M 
 ttWi die Af- 
 fect, widi « 
 of thefidct, 
 I vert om»« 
 ORUi Theft 
 Teven in the 
 Mil peddles, 
 7 foinetimce 
 ofeu^her, 
 e rowcn oc-« 
 and pulling 
 ind. Seeins 
 tood up, and 
 not whether 
 ir friendfliip. 
 my weapons 
 Iks difcover, 
 
 with an cafy 
 I ath, at day 
 
 I of Maltea. 
 cd out land, 
 te, of which 
 la, or Oheitf- 
 nt. For this 
 , In order to 
 . part of the 
 iweexpedcd 
 
 II tw« o'clock 
 Mv, the wind 
 after, we had 
 
 fo that, after 
 :horing place, 
 I the night at 
 vere attended 
 ir three men: 
 no pirticulai 
 did not know 
 ugh they had 
 iength a chief, 
 named Ootee, 
 med to be at 
 and three or 
 befiotcheem- 
 DA botrd: yet 
 rikiagiatWr 
 idift^Ke on 
 other into the 
 rfiew i«dfiM> 
 inMinicatcd to 
 t, who beiiMre 
 pit ihM the* 
 lamcs. Omisli 
 pfefent of red 
 *9y pf ntnt% 
 Imt, however, 
 Miuui, but hi* 
 not dil|di^ 
 f of gynt«ti- 
 doubt whethiT' 
 OGWMiKvpan 
 on wnMNig hw" 
 
 ivatabledloclc 
 attib^by the 
 old i|e the c«F» 
 aG^unoag;tht 
 flrfk 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ vy w»« 
 
 mwiir 
 
 sncar^' 
 
 '.'•F'-'VIW'. ' 
 
 i ' i ? a.t, ! ^ ' vx. - 
 
 /.i.Sl a, i: - ,i^ ... 
 
 * ' * 
 
 
 
 t' 
 
 
 
 ii; 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 -ff-rrz - "Mi l r. ' nf J!" v * — r^-.~«-. 
 
 mnsBsatoi 
 
 Ji 
 
 ••' ,%\t? %» XV ' ,• '■* t«T.-.~«-. ---r- - ■ 
 
 •« »l| 
 
 /'I J 
 
 !] f' 
 
 
 I 
 
 ft I 
 
Si'i 
 
 ii\ 
 
 i: 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 ell': 
 
 iir 
 
 rw 
 
 p.; 
 
COOK'* THIRD and LAST VOYAGk— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 4fii 
 
 fifft pcrfbm «r mik &nittgjWat the Society Idands. 
 TMi,Mced. muft have bcfuiYhccaft. M he con- 
 duacdhiWdrvithwif degree of pradcncei but he 
 paid little attantifNl to the repeated advice of his bcft 
 frieiid*, and laid himfelf 9pentocvery inpofltiod. 
 
 ThmiHh Ml mearo we werejiMbrmed t^ the native* 
 wh»CM^9A^ to u«,thatiince Capain Coolclaft vlfited 
 thi*lAMdini774, twoihip* had been twice .in |hi* 
 bay, and had kit animal* there, refembling thoie mc 
 '-' IpadiwlKMrds but on a minute enquiry into particft- 
 . hrv wc f<M'"<' t^"* "> confift only of hogi. do^, goat*, 
 'abwCandthenwieof another animal, which they (b 
 impofe^y defcribed, that we could not conjeuure 
 what it wa*. Thefe fliipi, they faid, had come from a 
 place, called Reenu, which we fuppofcd to be Lima, 
 the capital of Peru, and that there late viflton were 
 fonfe(]uently ^niarda. Thcv alfo told us, that th<e 
 firft time tliey arrived, thty built a houfe, and left be. 
 hind them two priefts, a boy or fervant, and a fourth 
 perfon. whom they called Mateema, much Ijpoken of at 
 thul timet taking away with them, when they fiuled, 
 four of the natives t that about ten months afterwards, 
 the fame (hips returned, bringing back only two of the 
 natives, the other two having died at Limai and that, 
 after a fhort ftay. they took away the people tbry had 
 left, but that thehoule they had ereOed was now Rand- 
 
 ' Qa Wednefday, the 13th, we were furrounded with 
 an incrrdibie number of canoes, crowded with people, 
 who brought with them plenty of hogs and fruit : for 
 the agreeable news of red feathers being on board the 
 two (hips, had been propagated by Omiah and his 
 friends. A quantity of feathers, which might be taken 
 from the body of a torn-tit, would, early in the morn- 
 ing, have purchafed a hog of forty or fifty pounds 
 weight: but as the whole (nips crew were pofTefTedof 
 fome of this precious article of trade, it dccreafed 
 above five hundred per cent, in its value, in a few hours: 
 however, the balance, even then, was in our favour con- 
 fiderably: and red feathers ftill prefcrved a fupcriority 
 over every other commodity. Some of the natives 
 - would not difiMie of a hog, without receiving an axe 
 inexchai^s as to nails, beads, and many other trin- 
 iKts, which during our former voyages, were held in 
 hidt eftimation at this ifland, they were now fo much 
 ^ dnpifed, that few would even deign to look at them. 
 ' Having had little wind all this-morning, it was nine 
 o'clock before we could get into the bay, where we 
 moored with two bowers. Soon after Omiah's lifter 
 came on board, to congratulate him on his arrival. 
 It was plealing to obferve, that, to the hondur of both 
 of thcfe relations, their ntcetim was marked with the 
 exprefltons of the tendereft amAion, more caflly con- 
 ceived than defcribed. 
 
 VVlicn this affe^ing fcene was clofed, and the (hip 
 properly moored, Omiah attended Capuin Cook on 
 lliore. The Captain's Brftviiit was paid to aperlbnage, 
 whom Omiah rcprefented as ^ very extraordinary one 
 jndccdi nothing ufii, as he affirmed, than the God Bo- 
 labola. They found him feared under one of thofe 
 awnings, which are ufually carried in their laiger ca- 
 noes. He was oh},1nd had (b far loft the ufe of hit 
 limbs, that he was carried from place to place upon a 
 ftand barrow. By fome he was called Olla, or Orra, 
 whicb it the name of the God of Bplabola : but his 
 leal liame wa* Etaiy. From Omiah's extraordinary 
 account of thi*man,it wu expedled to have feen rc- 
 lignu* adoration paid to him ; but very little was ob- 
 ferved that diftinguiOied him' from other chiefii. 
 Omiah prefcntcd to him a tuft of red feathers, Mr 
 tenedto the end of a (iaaU ftick ; but, after a little 
 ■ codverfiitioi^hi* attention waa excited by the prefence 
 of hit mother's fifter, whq was already at hi* ftci^ an^ 
 had bedewed them plentifully with teaia of joy. The 
 Captain left him irtm dw eld lady in this fintodpii. fur- 
 -jntndtdby a lAMbcrof people, and went to take a 
 ; ripy of the JiOHfiyaM (ft have , been ereAed by the 
 mm^^hm%immif\mlKi^htn, He fbund it 
 ftanding at a fmall diftance from the beach \ and com- „ 
 pofcd uf wooden materials, which appealed to hwve 
 No. 59. * \ 
 
 been brought hither ready prepared, in order to fet up 
 as occafion might require, for the planks were ail num- 
 bered. It conlifted of two fmall rooms, in the inner 
 of which were a bedftead, a bench, a table, fome old 
 hats, and other trifles, of which the natives feemed to 
 be remarkably careful, as well as of the building itfelf, 
 which had received no injury from the weather, a kind 
 of filed haviiw been ereoed over it, for its prefervation. 
 
 I Scuttlw, felrviqg at %\f4t^ i|p|tcared all round the 
 
 *"^ildnai pniwpa tNj|l^i|dit aUb be intended for 
 
 fictional puipplliMiuniw from, with mufkets, 
 
 (boiild necefltty rK[Uiit itji for .^hc wh6le eretftion 
 
 I r«iemed to indicate a deeper drogh than the natives 
 wereaware of. At a little dUfaOice from the fiont of 
 this bjil^ing flood a wooden crols. on the tranfverfe 
 part of which was this infcription — Cbriflus nmnit-^ 
 f*Chrift overcometh"— ^md,. on the perpeAdicular 
 (which confirmed our conjedhire, that the two fhips 
 were Spanifli) was emmved— drs/tu III. t'ln/MV/, 1 774 
 •«** In the reign of Charies the Third, 1774. "--Cap- 
 tain Cook feeing this, veiy properly preferv(S the me- 
 morv of the prior vifits of the Engiifh, by< liifcribing 
 -^targitts lerlius Rex^Annis,' xjhi , 1769, 1773, 1774, 
 el 1777 — " King Geoige the Third, in the yeah 1767, 
 &c.— -After which, the Capuin told the native* who 
 were pitfent, to beware of their. Sr'^nifh vifitors, and 
 not to be too fond of them. Near u.- foot of the crofs 
 the iflanders pointed out to us the grave of the com- 
 modore of the two (hips, who died here, while they 
 lay in the bay. on their firft arrival. His name, as 
 near as we could gather from their pronunciation, was 
 Oreede. The Spaniards, whatever their views might 
 have been in vifitihg this illand, feemed to have taken 
 infinite pains to have ingratiated themfclves with the 
 natives, who, upon all occafions, mentioned them with 
 the ftrongeft terms of refped, efteem, and even vene- 
 ration. On this occafion, the Captain met with no 
 chief of any conQdcrable. note, excepting the aged 
 perfon above defcribed. V^aheiadooa, king of Tiara- 
 000, (as this part of the ifland is called by the natives) 
 was now abfent; and we were afterwards informed, 
 that, though his name was the fame, he was not the fame 
 perfon as the. chief whom Captain Cook had fcen here 
 in 1774 s but his brother, a youth of ten years of age, 
 who had fuccceded the elder Waheiadooa. We alfo mf- 
 covered. that the celebrated Oberea was dead; but that 
 Otoo. and all our otherfriends were alive. 
 
 On the Captain's return from the houfe creifled by 
 the Spaniards, he found Omiah haranguing a very 
 large company; and with difficulty could difengage 
 him to accompany hini aboard, where he had the fol- 
 lowing important matter to fettle with the fhips com- 
 panies. Knowing that Otahcite. and the neighbour- 
 ing iflands, couM fuppiy us plentifully with cocoa-nuts, 
 the liaiior of which Is a moft excellent beverage, he 
 wifhed to prevail upon thofe under his command to 
 confent to be abridged, for a fhort time, of their al- 
 lowance of fpirits to mix with water. But as this, 
 without iiffigning fome powerful reafon, might have 
 occafioned a general murmur, he afTembled our fhip's 
 company, to coinmunicate to them the intent of tne 
 voyage, uid the extent of our fiiture operations. He 
 took notice of the generous rewards offered, by pariia- 
 nient|to.fuch who mould iirft difcoveracommunica- 
 tioabetween dw Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, in the 
 Northem Hemilphere, as well at to thofe whq fliall 
 iirft penetrate bevond the 89th deg. of northem lati- 
 tude. He faid, he did not enteruin a 4oubt, that hp 
 fhould find them ready to co-operate widll him in at- 
 
 'temptiiw to one, or both thefe rewaidat bvt* i^ would 
 be hecejrary to be ftridlly oeconomical in ^expendi- 
 ture ofourllwc* andprovi(kmt,a*w« I«ld-h0tia chance 
 of getting a fuppiy after our departure from thefe 
 
 iiUnds. The Captain further obferved, that thp dura- 
 :ion of our voyage would exceed by a year, at leaft, 
 what had been originally fuppofed, by our having loft 
 
 the opportunity of proceeding to the north this fum- 
 
 tient, and af^vated hardlhipa, they muft yet labour 
 
 under, if nccefTity Ihould oblige us to be put to fhort 
 
 6 F allowance. 
 
 V (<; 
 
 M 
 
 .•' « 
 
 ^ 'H 
 
482 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
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 Sowanecofany kindsof provifidnS|,in a cold climate, 
 e therefore Aibmitted to them, whether it would not 
 be mod advifeable to be prudent in time, and rather 
 than run the rifle of having their fpirits exhaufted, 
 when they might be mod wanted, to confcnt to be 
 without their grog at prefent, when re could fuppiy 
 its place with fo excellent a liquor aa that from the 
 cocoa-nuts. He added, rifevertnelefs, that he would 
 leave the determination entirely to their own choice. 
 This prnpofitl did not remain a moment under con- 
 fideration, and our commander had the (atisfadion to 
 find, that it was unanimouiny approved of. Upon this, 
 he ordered Caprain Gierke to make a (imilar propofal 
 to his people, which they atfo readily agreed to. The 
 icrvingof grog was therefore immediately flopped, ex> 
 ccpt on Saturday nights, when all the men had a full 
 allowance of it, to gratify them with drinking the 
 healths of their female lafles in England t left amidft 
 the pretty girls of Ouheite, they (hould be totally for- 
 gotten. 
 
 Thurfday the 14th we began fome lieceffary opera- 
 tions, fuch as infpedting the proviflons in the main and 
 fbrehold ; getting the calks of beef, pork, &c. out of 
 the ground tier, and putting a quantity of ballad in 
 their place. The fliip wis ordered to be caulked i 
 which (he ftood in much need of; having, at times, 
 made a confiderablc deal of w ater in our parage from 
 the Friendly Ifles. We alfoput our cattle on fliorc, 
 and appointed two of our hands to look afrcr them, 
 while grazing; not intending to leave any of them on 
 this part of the ifland. The two following dnys it 
 rained moft incelTantly ; notwiihftanding which, wc 
 were viJital by the natives from every quarter, the 
 news of our arrival having moft rapidly fpread. Wa- 
 heiadooa, though at a confiderablc diftancc, had been 
 inforined of it, and in the afternoon of Saturday the 
 i<th,a chief, named Etorea, who was his tutor, brought 
 the captain two hogs, acquainting him, at the fame 
 time, that he hiinfelf would attendhim the day after. 
 He was pundlual to his promife ; for on the 17th, early 
 in the morning, Captain Cook received ameflagc from 
 Waheiadooa, notifying his arrtvaf, and requeuing he 
 would come aftiore to meet him. In confequence of 
 this invitation, Omiah and the captain prepared to 
 make him a vifit in form. Omiah, on this occafion, 
 took fome pains to drefs himfelf, not after the manner 
 of the Englilh, nor that of Otaheitc, or Tongataboo, 
 or in the drcfs of any Dther country upon the c.rth ; 
 but in a ftrange medley of att the habiliments and 
 ornaments, he was polTertcd of. Thus equipped, on 
 landing, they firft paid a vifit to Etary j who carried 
 on a hand-barrow, accompanied them to a large build- 
 ing where he was fet down : Omiah feated himfelf on 
 one fide of them, and the captain on the other. Wa- 
 heiadooa, the young chief, foon after arrived, attended 
 Iby his mother, and Tevcral principal men, who alt feated 
 themfelves oppofite to us. One who fat near the 
 captain, made a Ihort fpeech, confiding of (eparate 
 fentences ; part of which was didated by thofe about 
 him. Another, on the oppofite fide, near the chief, 
 fpoke next; Ebiry after him, and then Omiah. The 
 f^iedls of thefe orations were. Captain Cook's arrival, 
 andf his connedlions with them. Among other things, 
 one of them told the captain, that the men of Reema 
 defu-ed they would not iuder him to conjc intoOheite- ' 
 peha Bay, if he (hould return again to the ifland, for 
 that it waa their property ; but that fo far from irgarding 
 thisrequeft, he ^as authorized now to furrender to him 
 tbejprovince of Tiaraboo, and every thing that was in 
 it. Hence it is evident, that thefe people are no draneen 
 to the policy of accommodating themfelves to prefent 
 circnmihnces. The younp chidF, at length, wis di- 
 redted to embrace Captain Cook ; and, as a confirma<p 
 tion of this treaty of friendlhip, they exchanged 
 name*. After this ceremony was over, he andnii 
 friends accompanied the captain, to dine with him on 
 board. Here Omiah prepared, as a prefent for Otoo, 
 Ute king of the whole ifland, a maro, compofed of red 
 and yellow feathers; and, confidering the place wfc 
 were at, it was a prefent of great value. Th^ captain 
 
 endeavoured to prevail on him not to prbt^uce it now, 
 wiftiiiw him to wait till he misht haVe in opportunity 
 of prefenting it to Otoo with his own hands. But he 
 entertained too good an opini^of his tountryhfieii. to 
 be guided by his advice, he itas determined to cttty it 
 adiore, and to entrufl it with Waheiadooa, to he far- 
 warded by him to Otoo, and added to the roral niaro. 
 By this management he weakly imagined, he fiiouid 
 oblige both chiefs; on the contrary, he highly dif^ 
 obliged him, whofe favour was of the mod confequence 
 at this part of the ifland, without obtaining any reward 
 ftt>m the other. The captain was prophetic on this 
 occafion ; for Waheiadooa, as he exped^ed, kept the 
 maro for himfelf, and only fent to Otoo about a 
 twentieth part of what compofed the magnificenc 
 prefent. 
 
 Tucfday the 19th, it blew a hard gale, and we weie 
 obliged to veer out 20 fathom more of our bed bowei- 
 cable, as we rode hard at our moorings. Mod of the 
 frcfli proviflons, with which we had been fupplied at 
 the Friendly Ifies, having been expended in the voyage, 
 orders were given to prohibit all trade with the natives, 
 except for provifions; and that only with fuch per- 
 fons as were appointed purveyon for the fhips ; 1^ 
 which prudent regulation, frefli provifions were foon 
 procured in plcntv, and every man was allowed a pound 
 and a half of pork every day. In the morhing. Cap- 
 tain Cook received from the young chief a prefent of 
 ten hogs, foinc cloth, and a quantity of fruit. In the 
 evening we exhibited and played off fire-works, which 
 both pleafed and adoniflied the numerous fpcdlators. 
 This day fome of our gentlemen, in their walks, dif- 
 covered, as they thought, a Roman Catholic Chapel. 
 They defcribed the altar, which, they faid, they.nad 
 feen, and every other conllituent part of fuch a place of 
 worlhip, yet, at the fame time, they intimated, that 
 two pcrfons, who had the care of it, would not permit 
 them to go in ; on which account the Captain had the 
 curiofity to furvejr it hitnfelf. The fuppofed chapel 
 proved to be a Toopapoo, wherein the body of the 
 late Waheiadooa was depofited, in a kind of date. It 
 by in a pretty large houfe, enclofed with a low pallifade. 
 The. Toopapoo was remarkably neat, and refembled 
 one of thofe little awnings over their large canoes. It 
 was hung and covered with mats and cloths of a variety 
 of colour!!, which had a beautiful effcA. One piece 
 of fcarlet broad-cloath of the length of four or five 
 yards, appeared confpicuous among other ornaments, 
 which probably had been received as a prefent from 
 the Spaniards. This cloth, and fome talfels of fea- 
 thers, fuggeded to our gentfemen the idea of a chapel « 
 and their imagination lupplicd whatever elfe was want- 
 ing to create a refemblance : hearing that the Spaniards 
 had vifited this place might alfo operate on their minds 
 upon this occafion, and add to the probability of its 
 being a chapel. Some fmall offerings of fruits and 
 roou feemed to be made daily at this fhrine, feveral 
 pieces being now frefii. Thefe were depofited on a 
 kind of altar, which ftood without the pallifades s 
 within which we were not permitted to enter. Two 
 men condantly attend here, both night and day, as 
 well to watch over the place, as to drefs and undrefs 
 the Toopapoo. When we came to view it, the cloth 
 and its appendageswere rolled up 1 but at the captain's 
 requed, the two attendants placed it in order, but not 
 till after they had, drefiTed themfelves in white robes. 
 Ihe chief, we were informed, had been dead about 
 30 months. 
 
 ' On Friday the ^adi in the morning, the live dock 
 were taken on board, and we prepared for fea. The 
 next day, while the fhips ^were unmooring, Omiah, 
 Captain Cook, and other gentlemen, landed, in order 
 to take leavtf of the young chief. While we were 
 cohverfing ivith him, one ofthpfe perfonsthcy call 
 Eatooss,'from a perfuafion that they pofTefs the fpirit 
 of the divinity, prefented himfelf Knre us. He had 
 all the appearance of infantty i ani bis only coverii^ 
 Was a quantity of plantain Ieat)csVnqi>ped round his 
 waift. He uttered what he had to far in a low (bueait- 
 ing voice, fo as harcUy to be undcrftood : but Omiah 
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COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 483 
 
 raid he perfcdly comprehended him, nnd that he was |j 
 adviftng young Waheiadpoa not to accompany Cap- | 
 tain Cook to Matavai. an expedition wc did not know 
 he intended, nor had the captain ever made fuch a 
 propofal to him. The Eatooa alfoprediftcd. that the 
 ihipi would not arrive that day at Matavai. In this, 
 however, he was miftaken, though appearances, wc 
 confefs, favoured his aflertion, as, at the time, there 
 was not a finglc breath of wind in any dire(ftion. While 
 he was delivering his prophecy, a heavy fliowcrof rain 
 came on, which occafioncd all to run for flicltcr, ex- 
 cept fiimfelf, who aflre(fled to dcfpifc it. He continued 
 fqueaking about half an hour, and then retired. Little 
 attention was paid to what he uttered; and fomeofthc 
 natives laughed at him. The captain alked the chief 
 whether the enthufiaft was an Earee, or a Tow-tow j he 
 anfwercd, that he was a bad man: and yet, notwith- 
 (tanding this reply, and the little notice taken of the 
 mad prophet, fuperftition fo far governs the natives, 
 that they ahfolutely believe fuch pcrfons to be filled 
 with the fpirit of the Eatooa. Omiah feemed to be 
 well inftrudted concerning them. He faid, that, during 
 the fits, with which they are fcized, they know not 
 any perfon, and that if any one of the ififpircd natives 
 is a man of property, he will then give away every 
 moveable he pofleflt-.'i, if his friends do not put them 
 out of his reach ; and, when he recovers, he feems not 
 to have the Icaft remembrance of what he had done 
 during the time the frenzy, or fit, was upon him. Wc 
 how returned on board, and foon after, a light breeze 
 fpringing up at eal^, we got under fail, and the fame 
 evening anchored in Matavai Bay ; but the Difcovery 
 did not get in till the next morning ; confequently the 
 tnan's prophecy was half fulfilled. In a journal be- 
 longing to one on board the Difcovery, we find this 
 account of her fctting fail, and arrival at Matavai. 
 " On the 23d, about nine o'clock, A. M. we weighed, 
 and (ailed, accompanied with feveral canoes, though 
 the wind blew a Itorm, and we failed under double- 
 reefed top-fails. In the evening the Rcfolution took 
 her old ftation in Matavai Bay ; but the wind fudden- 
 ly (hiftinp, and the breeze coming full from the land, 
 ■wc were driven three leagues to the leeward of the bay, 
 by which we were reduced to the neceHity of working 
 all night to windward, amidft thunder, lightning, and 
 lain, and among reefs of coral rocks, on which we 
 every moment expefled to peri lb. Wc burnt falfe 
 fires, and fired feveral guns of diftrefs ; but no anfwer 
 from the Refolution, nor could we fee any objeft to 
 dire£l us, during this perilous night. In the morning 
 of the 24th, the weather cleared up, and we could fee 
 the Refolution about three leagues to the windward 
 of us, when a (hift of wind happening in our fa- 
 vour, we took advantage of it, and by twelve at noon 
 were fafely moored within a cable's length of the Rc- 
 folution." 
 
 It is impodlhle to give an adequate idea of the joy, 
 which the natives exprefled on our arrival. The 
 (hores every where refounded with the name of Cook : 
 not a child that could lifp Tootc was filent. The 
 manner whereby thefe people exprefs ther joy is fo dif- 
 ferent from our fenfations, that were wc to fee perfons 
 nabbing themfelves with iliarks teeth, till their bodies 
 were befmeared with blood, we (hould think they were 
 pierced with the molV frantic defpair, and that it would 
 be almoft impolTible to aflTuage their grief; whereas, 
 beating their brea(\s, tearmg their hair, and wounding 
 their heads and their bodies, arc the mod fignificant 
 figns of their gtadncfs to fee their friends. But, at the 
 lame time, they arc ready to overwhelm you with kind- 
 nefs, and would give you, for the moment, all they 
 have in the world, yet the very next hour, they will 
 crave all back again, and, like children, teaze you for 
 every thing you have got. 
 
 In the morning of this day being Sunday the 34th, 
 Otoo, the king of the whole ifland, accompanied by a 
 great numberof the natives, in their canoes, came from 
 Oparree, hisplaccof refidence, and having landed on 
 Nutavai point, fent a meflcngeron board, intimatinghis 
 defiit to fee Captain Cook there. The captain accord'. 
 
 ingly went alhore, attended by Omiah, and fomeofthc 
 ofltcers. We found a vaft multitude of people alFcm- 
 bled on this occafion, in the midll of whom was the 
 king, with his father, his two brothers, and three 
 fiOers. The captain faluted him, and was followed by 
 Omiah, who kneeled and embraced his legs. Though 
 Omiah had prepared himfclf for this ceremony, by 
 drcfling himfelf in his bed apparel, and behaved 
 with great rcfpeft and modefty, yet very little notice 
 was taken of him. He made the king a prefcnt of 
 two yards of gold cloth, and a large tafll-l of red 
 feathers ; and the captain gave him a gold laced hat, a 
 fuit of fine linen, fome tools, a quantity of red feathers, 
 and one of the bonnets worn at the Friendly Idands. 
 I'his vifit being over, the king, and all the royal family^ 
 accompanied Captain Cook on board, followed by feve- 
 ral canoes, plentifully laden with all kinds of provi- 
 fions. Each family owned a part, fo that the captain 
 had a prefcnt from every one of them ; and each re- 
 ceived from him a feparate prefcnt in return. Noc 
 long after, the king's mother cajnc on board, bring- 
 ing with her fome provifions and cloth, which me 
 divided between the captain and Omiah. Though the 
 latter was but little noticed at firll by his countrymen, 
 they no fooncr gained information of his wealth, than 
 they*egan to court his fricndlhip. Captain Cook 
 encouraged this as far as lay in his power, being de- 
 (iious of fixing him with Otoo. Intending to have 
 all our European animals at this ifland, we thought 
 Omiah would be able to give the natives fome m- 
 ftruftion with regard to their ufe and management, 
 and the captain was convinced, that the farther he was 
 removed from his native ifland, the more he would he 
 refpe£led. But unfortunately, Omiah rejcflcd his 
 advice, and behaved in fo imprudent a manner, that 
 he foon loft the fricndfhip of Otoo, and of all the moll 
 confiderable people at Otaheitc He alTociated with 
 none but vagabonds and ftrangers, whofe fole intention 
 was to plunder him; and if we had not interfered, 
 they would not have left him ". finglc article of any va- 
 lue. This condudl drew upon him the ill will of the 
 principal chiefs ; who found that they could not obtain, 
 from any one in either Ihip, fuch valuable prefepts as 
 were beuowed by Omiah on the lowed of the natives. 
 After dinner, a party of us accompanied Otoo to Opar- 
 ree, taking with us fome poultry, confiding of a peacock 
 and hen, a turky cock and hen, three geefe and a gan- 
 der, one duck and a drake. All thefe we left atOparree, 
 in the poflTcflion of Otoo ; and the geefe and ducks be- 
 gan to breed before we failed. We found there a 
 gander, that Captain Wallis had given to Oberca ten 
 years before ; we alfo met with feveral goats, and the 
 Spanilh bull, a fine animal of his kind, whom they 
 kept tied to a tree, near the habitation of Otoo. He 
 now belonged to Etary, and had been conveyed from 
 Oheitepeha, to this place, in order to be fhipped for 
 Bolabola. On Monday the 25th, wc fent to this bull, 
 the three cows we had on board; alfo ourEnglifli bull; 
 but the horfc, mare, and (heep, were put alhore at 
 Matavai. Having thus difpofed of thefe animals, we 
 were now, to our great fatisfadion, cafed of the ex- 
 traordinary trouble and vexation that had attended the 
 bringing this living cargo to fuch a didance. 
 
 We mall here, for the entertainment of our readers, 
 give an account of the reception the ftiips met with, on 
 their arrival at this ifland, together with fome other 
 particulars, and tranfadions, all which we have taken 
 from an original manufcript, fent us by a gentleman, 
 on board the Difcovery. . A few hours after wc were 
 moored in the bay of Otaite Peha, Omiah took an air- 
 ing on horfeback, to the great adonifliment of the in- 
 habitants, many hundreds of whom followed him with 
 loud acclamations. Omiah, to excite their admiration 
 the more, was drefled cap-a-pee in a fuit of armour, 
 and was mounted and caparifoned with his (word and 
 pike, like St. George going to kill thti dragon, whom 
 he very nearly rcprefented j only that Omiah had pidoU 
 in his holders, of which the bold faint ki^ew not the 
 ufe. Omiah, however, made good ufc of his arms ; for 
 when the crowd became clamorous and troubl^efome, 
 
 he 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 I. ' 
 
 iii 
 
484 
 
 Cipt. COOK'i VOYAOliS COMPLETE. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 It 
 
 1 
 
 . •? 
 
 1 1 
 
 he (very now and (hen pulled nuta pillnlt ami tired it 
 a!ni>n{{ them, which never failid to (end them Tcampcr- 
 ing awayk 
 
 The (hipi wtre no (boner fccurcd, than the failon 
 began ftrippirt^ them of every foot of rigging they had 
 left t fof certainly no Ihipi were in a more (liattercd 
 condition. Our voyage from New Zealand, if not from 
 the Cane, might be laid to be one continued fcriea of 
 tciupclluous weather, fufpended only by a few inter- 
 vals of funfliine; and the employment of our artificer 
 at fea and on Ihore, a laborious exertion of their fa- 
 culties to keep us above water. Here it was not only 
 neceflary to (trip the main-raaft of the Difcoveryt but 
 to ukc it out, and carry it on (hore, to be property fe- 
 cured. This was a work of no fmall difiiculty. Here 
 too we found it necclTary to unihip our (lores of every 
 kind; to air and repack our powder; new bake that 
 part of the bread that had contracted any dampncfs ; 
 toerci^l the forge on (hore; in (hort to fct all hands at 
 work to relit the (hips for the further profecution of the 
 voyage. 
 
 A melTenger was difpatchcd from Captain Cook to 
 king Otoo, to acquaint him with our arrival, and to 
 dc(ire his pcrmitTion to fend the cattle he had brought 
 from England, to feed in the pafturcs of Oparrce. The 
 king exprc(red his joy on the return of Captain Cook, 
 and readily gave his coafent. He, at the fame time, 
 ordered one of his principal officers to accompany the 
 melTengcr, in hit return, and to take with him prefents 
 of frefli provifions for the commanders of both (hips, 
 and to invite them to dine with him the next day. Tnis 
 invitation was accepted, and it was agrcv .1 between the 
 two Captains, that their vifit (hould be made with as 
 much Itatc as their prcfent circum(lances would admit. 
 The marines and mufic were therefore ordered :o be 
 in readiriefs at an appointed hour, and all the rowers to 
 be clean drelTed. We were now in Matavai harbour; 
 and, on the 25th, about noon, the commanders, with 
 the principal officers, and gentlemen, embarked on 
 board the pinnaces, which, on this occafion, were 
 decked in all the magni licence that (ilken dreamers, 
 embroidered enfigns, and other gorgeous decorations, 
 could difplay. Omiah, to furprize the more, was 
 cloathed in a Captain's uniform, and ^ -Id hardly be 
 di(lingui(hed from a Briti(h officer. 1*. /m Matavai to 
 Oparree is about fix miles; and we arrived at the land- 
 ing-place at one o'clock, where we were received by 
 the marines already under arms ; and as foon as the 
 company were difcmbarked, the whole band of mu(ic 
 ftruck up a graiul military march, and the proccllion 
 began. The road from the beach to the entrance of 
 the palace (about half a mile) was lined on both fides 
 with natives from all paru, expeding to fee Omiah 
 on horfeback, as the account of his appearance on the 
 other (idc of the illand, as before related, had already 
 reached the inhabitants nn-rhia. As he appeared to 
 them in difguife, he was not known: they were not, 
 however, wholly difappointed, as the grandeur of the 
 piocefllon exceeded every thing of the kind they had 
 ever fecn. The whole court were likewife a(rembled, 
 and the king, with his fifters, on the approach of Cap- 
 tain Cook, came forth to meet him. As he was pcr- 
 fedtly known to them, their (irft falutations were frank 
 and friendly, according to the known cuftoms of the 
 Otaheiteans; and when thefe were over, proper at- 
 tention was paid to every gentleman in company, and 
 that too with a politencfs, quite unexpedled to thofe 
 who had iKver before been on this ifland. As foon as 
 the company had entered the palace, and were feated, 
 fome difcourfe pafTed between the king and Captain 
 Cook ; after which, Omiah was prefented to his ma- 
 jc(ty, and paid him the ufual homage of a fubjed to 
 a (overcign of that country, which confifts of little 
 more than being uncovered before him, and then en- 
 tered into a familiar converfation on the fubjed of his 
 travels. The Eareet, or kings of this country, arc not 
 above difcouHing with the roeaiieft of their fubjeds ; 
 but Omiah. by being a favourite of the Earees of the 
 (hips, was now confidered as a perfon of fome rank. 
 Tbe king, impatient to hear hii (rory. afkcd him a hun- 
 
 4 
 
 dred queflions, before he gave him time to anfwer one. 
 He enquired about the Earee-da-hai, or Great King of 
 Prctanne; hjs place of re(idencei his court; his at- 
 tendants; his warriors; his (hips of war; hi* moriii 
 the extent of his polfefnons; ficc. Omiah did not fail 
 to magnify the grandeur of the Great King. He repre- 
 fcnteiuhe fplendour of his court, by the brilliancy of 
 the ftars in the firmament ; the extent of his domi> 
 nions, by the vaft cxpanfc of heaven ; the greatnefs of 
 his power, by the thunder that (hakes the earth. He 
 faid, the Great King of Prctanne had three hundred 
 thoufand warriors every day at his command, cloathed 
 like thofe who now attended the Earees of the Ihipst 
 and more than double that number of (kilors, who tra- 
 verfcd the globe, from the rifing of the fun to his fet. 
 ting i that his (hips of war exceeded thofe at Matavai 
 in magnitude, in the fame proportion, as thofe exceeded 
 the fmall canoes at Oparrce. His majctly appeared all 
 aftonifhment, and could not help interrupting him. 
 He aflvcd, if what he faid was true, where the Great 
 King could (ind people to navigate fo many (hips as 
 covered the ocean .' and if he could have men, where 
 he could find provifions forfo large a multitude? Chniah 
 alfured him, that in one city only, on the banks of a 
 river, far removed from the fea, there were more pco« 
 pie, than were contained in the whole group of idands 
 with which his majeny was acquainted ; that the coun- 
 try was full of large populous cities ; notwithdanding . 
 which provifions were fo plentifiil, that for a few 
 pieces of yellow metal, like thofe of which he had feen 
 many, (meaning the medals given by Captain Cook to 
 the chiefs) the Great King could purchafc as much pro> 
 vifions as would maintain a failor for a whole year. 
 That in the country of the Great King, there are more 
 than a hundred different kinds of four fboted animals, 
 from the fize of a rat, to that of a (lage eretfled on an 
 ordinary dinoe; and that all thefe animals are numer- 
 ous in their feveral kinds, and propagate very fiift. 
 Omiah having, by this relation, obviated Otoo's doubts, 
 adverted to his nrd quedions. He (aid, the (hips of 
 war, in Prctanne, were fumi(hed with poo-poos, (guns) 
 each of which would receive the laqjed poo-poo hi* 
 majefiy had yet feen, within it; that fome carried a 
 hundred and more of thofe poo-poos, with fuitable ac- 
 commodations for a thoufand fighting men, and (low- 
 age for all forts of coraagc, and warlilce (Yores ; befidet 
 provifions >i<d water for a thoufand or two thoufand 
 days; that they were fometimes abroad as long, fight- 
 ing with the enemies of the Great King; that they 
 carried with them frequently, in thefe expeditions, 
 poo-poos that would hold a fmall hog, and which throw 
 hollow globes of iron, of vafi bignels, fill.. d with fire 
 and all manner of combuffibles, and implements of 
 defirudlion, to a great difiancc; a few of which, were 
 they to be thrown among the fleet of Otaheite, would 
 fet them on fire, and dclfroy the whole navy, were they 
 ever fo numerous. The king feemed more a(loni(hed 
 than delighted at this narration, and fuddenly left 
 Omiah, to join the company that were in converfation 
 with Captain Cook. By this time dinner was nearly 
 ready, and as foon as the company were properly feated, 
 was brought in by as many tow-tows as there were per- 
 fonstodinc; belides thefe, the king, the two com- 
 manders, and Omiah, had each of them two perfons 
 of fuperior rank to attend them. The dinnerconfi(led 
 of fi(h and fowl of various kinds, drelTed after their 
 manner; barbicucd pigs, Acwed yams, and fruits of 
 the moft delicious flavour, all ferved with an cafe, and 
 regularity, that is feldom to be found at European ta- 
 bles, when the ladies are excluded from making part 
 of the company. As foon as dinner was over, we were 
 conduced to the theatre; where a company of players 
 were in readinefs to perform a dramatical entertain- 
 ment. The drama was regularly divided into three 
 ads : the firft confiHed of dancing and dumb (hew 1 
 the fecond of comedy, which, to thofe who under- 
 ftood the language, was very laughable; for Omiah, 
 9nd the natives, appeared highly diverted the whole 
 time; the laft was a mufical piece, in which the young 
 princelTes were the fole performers, Between the ads 
 
 fome 
 
LOOK'S iHlRI) •n'l LAST V( 
 
 fome feats of anm were cxhibitcil.by combatant* with 
 lancc* and clubs. One n>a«k the attark, the other 
 UikkI upon the defcnfivc. He uho nude the attack 
 brandilhetl hii lance, and either threw, piirtied, or ufcd 
 if in aid of hit dub. He who was upon the dcfcndvc, 
 ftuck the point of his lance in the uround, in an oblique 
 dire<aion,rothat the up|)er part role above his hcadj and 
 by obllrvinj? the (ye of Wi enemy, parried his blows, or 
 hiaftroket, by the motion of his lance, and it was rare 
 thathewas hurt by the club. If hisantayonill Oruckathis 
 legs, he fliewed his agility by jumping overthc club; and 
 if at hiahead, he was no lefs nimble in crouching under it. 
 Their dexterity conlifted chieHy in the defence, other- 
 wife the combat might have been fatal, which always 
 ended in good humour. 'I'hcfe entertainments, which 
 generally laft about four hours, arc really diverting. 
 In the hornpipe they excel the Kuropcana, their niaf. 
 ters, for they had contortions of the face and mufclcs 
 to the nimblcnefs of the foot that arc inimitable, and 
 would, in fpite of our gravity, provoke laughter j their 
 country dances arc well rcgulatcil ; and they have others 
 of thei^r own, that are equal to thofc of our belV thea- 
 tres: their coinedv feems to conlill of fome limple 
 ftory, made laughable by the manner of delivery, 
 fomewhat in the Ityle of the mcrry-andrcws formerly at 
 Bartholomew -fair. Had Omiah been of a theatrical 
 cart, he doubtlefs might have very much improved 
 their rtage, for their performers appear inferior to none 
 in the powers of imitation. The play being oyer, and 
 night approaching, f)ur commanders took their leave, 
 after inviting the king and his attendants to dine aboard 
 the Refolution. We were conducted to the water lidc 
 in the fame manner as we approached the palace, and 
 were attended by the king and royal family. The next 
 morning Omiah 's mother, and fevcral of his relations 
 arrived. Their meeting was too unnatural to be plcaf- 
 ing. Wc could not fee a womart frantically ftriking 
 her face and arms with (harks teeth, till flie was all 
 over befmeared with blood, without being hurt : as it 
 conveyed no idea of joy to feeling niindi, we never 
 could be reconciled to this abfurd cuftom. She brought 
 with her feveral large hogs, with bread fruit, bananos, 
 and other produftions of the illand of Ulitea, as pre- 
 fenta to the Capuins, and flie and her friends received, 
 in return, a great variety of cutlery, fuch as knives, 
 fciflars, files, &c. befidcs fome red feathers, which lart 
 were more acceptable than iron. They continued to 
 vifit the (hip, occafionally, till (he quitted the illand. 
 
 In the afternoon, King Otoo, with his chiefs and at- 
 tendants, and two young princell'cs, his lifters, perfor- 
 mers in the interlude of the preceding night, came on 
 board, bringing with them (ix large hogs, with a pro- 
 portionable quantity of fruits of various kinds. They 
 were entertained, as ufual, with alight of all thecurio- 
 ilties on board thi fliip, and the young princefl'es, long- 
 ing for almoft every thing they faw, w ere gratified, to 
 their utmoft wifhcs, with bracelets of beads, looking 
 glalTes, bits of china, artificial nofegays, and a variety 
 of other trinkets, of which they had one of each fort, 
 while, at the fame time, the king and his chiefs 
 amufcd themfelves with the carpenters, armourers, and 
 other workmen, employed in the repairs of the (hip, 
 ca(iing longing eyes on their tools, and implements. 
 In this manner ihcy pad their time till dinner was 
 Kady. Otoo, with his chiefs, dined with the Captains, 
 the principal olhcers, and Omiah, in the great cabin, 
 while the ladies were feafted in an apartment feparated 
 on purpofe, and waited upon by their own fervants. 
 After dinner the king and his nobles were preiTed to 
 drink wine; but mod of them, having felt its power, 
 declined tafting iti one or two drank a glafs, but rc- 
 fufed a fecond one. When the tables were cleared, the 
 ladies joined the company, and then horn-pipes and 
 country dances, after thcEnglifh manner, commenced, 
 in which they joined with great good humour. What 
 contributed not a little to increale the pleafure of the 
 king, was a prefent made him by Captain Qx>k of a 
 quantity of the choiceft r«d feathers that could be pur- 
 chafed at Amlberdam. Rod feathers, (as has been al- 
 ready obferved} are held in ihe l^igheft cftimation in 
 No. 59. 
 
 Otaheite, and m all the Socitt) IllamU, but more par- 
 ticularly by tlif chiefs of the former illaml, hv whimi 
 thev arc ufrd as amulets, or rather as propitiations to 
 make their prayers aiccptable id tho j^ootllpirit, whom 
 they invoke with tuft* of rhofc fcailurs U\ ilu-ir hamU, 
 made up in a peculiar maniur, and held up in a certain 
 polition with much folcninity. I lie ordinary forts of 
 red feathers were collec'tcil by our olliccrs and mm all 
 over the I ricndly Ifiands; but thofc that were now pre- 
 fcntcdto Otoo, were of a fupcrior kiiul, in value as 
 much aljovc the ordinary red fi-athrrs, as real pearls 
 are in value above I'Venth pafti-. They were taken 
 from the heails of the parotjiicts of Tonj^ataboo 
 and h^-oo-whf, which are of fupcrlativc beiniy, and 
 precious in proportion to ilicir linencf^, and the vivid 
 glow of their precious colours. Here, we learnt, that 
 Captain C:<M)k, in his former voyage, being in great 
 dillrefs forprovilions, and having been plentifully liipx 
 plied with them by Otoo, promifeil, that if ever he 
 (linuld return to Otaheite, he would make his majcfty 
 richer in ouravine (precious fcathcrsi) than all the 
 princes in the ncightwurinir ides. This gave rife to an 
 opinion, that it was to fulfil this promife, that wc were 
 led fo far out of our way, as we have remarked in its 
 proper plate : but there is much more reafon to con- 
 chide, that the (Irong eafterly winds which prevailed 
 when wc approached the fouthern tropic, made our 
 dired courle to Otaheite impraifticablc. Had the Cap- 
 tain regarded his promife to Otoo as inviolable, he 
 would mod certainly have (haped his courfe from New 
 Zealand to the I'riendly I (lands, the ncarefl way, which 
 would have (hortcned our voyage fevcral months ; un- 
 lefs wc can fiippolc, that he had for<^otten his promife, 
 ^nd that when he tame within a few days fail of his 
 deftincd port, he recolle>f>ed himfelf, and then changed 
 his direction to enable him to keep his word. To 
 which of thefe caufcs it was ow ing we muft leave to fu- 
 turity ; for to us, who were not in the fecret, it is to this 
 day a myftery. We were ailvanced fome degrees to 
 theea(\ward ot ilcrvey's Illes, whi( h lie in latitude 19 
 deg. 1 8 min. S. and in 201 dcg. K. longitude, before wc 
 altered our courfe to the wcflward, to make for Anifter- 
 dam, which lics'in 21 dcg. 15 min. S. and 185 deg. K. 
 longitude, whereas the illand of Ulictea, of which 
 Omiah was a native, lay in latitude 16 deg. 45 min. 
 and longitude 208 deg. (5 min. Why our courfe to 
 the former was preferred to the latter, involves the myf- 
 tery. 
 
 Though all public trade was prohibited, as was ufual, 
 till the fliips (liould be furnilhed with frcfh provifions, 
 it was not cafy to rcllrain the men on (horc from trad- 
 ing with the women, who were continually enticing them 
 to dcfert. "I'hc ladies of pleafure, in lx)ndon, have 
 not half the winning w ays that arc praftiled by the 
 Otcheitean mifTes, to allure their gallants. With the 
 fecming innocency of doves, they mingle the wilinefs 
 of ferpcnts. They have, however, one quality peculiar 
 to themfelves, that is conf^ancy. When once they 
 have made their choice, it muft be owing to the failor 
 himfelf, if his miftrefs proves falfe to him. No women 
 on earth are more faithful. They will endeavour to 
 gain all their lovers pofTcfs; but they will fufter no one 
 elfeto invade their property, nor will they embezzle 
 any part of it themfelves, w ithout having firft obtained 
 content; but that confent is not eafily withheld ; for 
 they are incefTant in their importunities, and will ne- 
 ver ceafe afking, while the failor has a rag to beftow. 
 During our ftay at this illand, we had hardly a failor, 
 who had not made a very near connection w iih one or 
 other of the female inhabitants; nor, indeed, man7 
 officers who were proof againll the allurements of the 
 better fort, w ho were no lefs amorous and artful, though 
 more referved, than the inferior order. The tempehi- 
 ture of the climate, the plenty of fre(h provifions, fi(h, 
 fowl, pork, bread-fruit, yams (a kind of fweet potatoes, 
 which they have the art of ftewinc with their pork iti 
 a very favoury manner) added to tnc delicious fruits of 
 the ifland, contributed not a little to make our ftajr 
 jl hene even dclirablc; nor did idlcnefs get pofTefTirin <n 
 il thofc who were moll indolently inclined : w« had not 
 " 6 G a va|- 
 
 
1'^ 
 
 486 
 
 Capt. C O K'« VOYAGES C O M J' L B T L. 
 
 •":* 
 
 i >: 
 
 t 
 
 M 
 
 'I, 
 
 lit'- 
 
 ft'V' 
 
 m 
 
 
 Ill ^ 
 
 ;: I 
 
 a vacant hour between buliniT:t ami pleafiirc that wat 
 unemployed: we wanted no cotFcc houl'cs to kill limci 
 nor VauxhalUforour evening cntertainmenti. Kvery 
 nightly alfcnnbly, in the plantationa ottht* happy ifle, 
 iaTurninied,by beneficent nature, with a more liixuri. 
 oui fcall than all the duinties of the inod funiptuoui 
 champetre, though laviflicd with unlimited prot'ufion, 
 •tHl cmbla/oned with the molt cxpeniive decorationi 
 of art. Ten thoufand lamps, combined and ranped in 
 the molt advantageoui order, by the hands of the belt 
 artill, appear faint, when compared with the brilliant 
 (tars of^hcaven that unite tlicir fpiendor, to illuminate 
 the groves, the lawns, and ftrcams of Oparree, Inthcfe 
 elylun fields, immortality alone is wanting to the en« 
 
 1'oyment of all iliofe picafurcs which the |)oct'a fancy 
 lat^'onferred on ihe Ih.uirs of departed heroes, as the 
 higheO reward of heroic virtue. U»it amidil fo many 
 delights, it vvai not for human n.irurc to fublid long 
 without faticty. Our officers began to be |Mn<hlious, 
 •nd our feamcn to be licentious. Several of the latter 
 wtrc punifhcd fcvcrely for indciency, in furpalTing the 
 natives by the Ihamclefs manner of indulging their 
 fenfual appetitr:i; and tuo of the former went afhore 
 %o terminate an alfairof honour by thcdecifion of their 
 piflols. It happened, that neither of them were dex- 
 trous markfmen: they vcnicd their rage by the fury 
 with which tlicy began the attack; and, having dil- 
 charged three balls each, they Vcturnetl on board with- 
 out any hurt, except fpoilinga hat, a ball having pierced 
 it, and gra/cd upon the head of him who wore it. It 
 was, however, remarked, that tlicfe gcinlcmtn were 
 bctt«r friervds thari ever, during the remainder of the 
 voyage. Thus far we have copied thia joiirnalillj and 
 now proceed with our o«n hiftory. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 26th, as the Captain intended to 
 continue here fome time, we fet up our twoobfervatories 
 on Matuvai Point: and adjoin ng to them two tents 
 were pitched, for the' reception ol a guaid, and of fuch 
 people as might be left on Ihorc, in dillcrent depart- 
 meius. The command, at this rtation, was intruded 
 to Mr. Kit^, who likewifc attended (he agronomical 
 obfervations. While we remained here, the crews of 
 both fliips were occupied in many ncceflhry operations. 
 .THc Difcovcry's main mafV, that was lliattcred in the 
 Jicad, and carried alliorc to be repaired^ was rendered 
 jnore firm than ever : the fails that had been fplit, and 
 were othcrwife rendered unfit for fcrvice, were replaced, 
 the cordage carefully examined j the mall new rigged ; 
 the water cafks repaired ; both fliips new caulkcdj the 
 bread infpcdcd: in Ihort, the whole repairs completed, 
 with more celerity and ftrength, than could have been 
 expcdcd in a place, where many conveniences were 
 wanted, to fit us out lor that part of our voyage which 
 flill remained to be perfbrmecL This day a piece of 
 ground was cleared for a garden, and planted with fc- 
 veral articles, very few of which will, probably, be 
 jooked after by the natives. Some potatoes, melons, 
 and pinc-applc plants, were in a fair way of fuccceding 
 before wc quitted the place. Wc had brought from 
 the Friendly lilands fevcral (haddock trees, which we 
 planted here; and they will in all probability fuccced, 
 unlefs their growth fhould be checked by the fame 
 idle curiofity which deftroyed a vine planted at Oheitc- 
 
 Seha by the Spaniards. Many of the natives aflcm- 
 Icd to tafte the firl^ fruit it produced ; but the grapes 
 being flill four, they confidercd it as little better than 
 poifon, and trod it under foot. In that Aatc Omiah 
 accidcnully found it, and was rejoiced at the difcovery ; 
 for he was confident, that if he had but grapes, he csuld 
 eafily make wine. Accordingly, he had fcveral flips 
 cut off from the tree, with an intention of carrying 
 them away with him; and wc pruned, and put in order, 
 the remains of it. Before we had been two days at an- 
 chor in Matavai Bay, we were vifued by all our old 
 friends, whofe names are mentioned in the narrative 
 ,|9f Captain Cook's former voyage. Not one of them 
 ^arae with empty hand^; fo that wc had an amazing 
 ■quantity of proviflons, without any apprehenfions of 
 (xhauAing the ifland, which prefcnted to our eyes 
 every maik of the moll exuberant fertility and abund- 
 
 tnce. Soon after we had arrived here, one of the 
 iQandcrs, whom the Spaniards had carried with them 
 to Lima, paid uiavilit: but, in hi* exterior appear- 
 ance, he was not dillinguifliablc from the reft of the 
 countrymen. He ftill remembered fome Spanilh 
 words, among which the moll fre(|ucnt were Si Homor. 
 We alio found here the young man whr.m we had called 
 Ocdiilee, but whofe real name is Hectc-hecte. Cap- 
 tain Cook had carried him from Jlictca, on board his 
 fliip, in 1773, and brought him back in the year fol- 
 lowing, after he had vilitcd the Friendly Iflands, New 
 Zealand, Eafter Ifland, and the Marqiicfas. He had 
 come from Bolabola, of which he was u native, to Ota- 
 heite, about^ three months Iwliire, probably with the 
 folc view of gratifying his curiolity. He prcferrc-d the 
 modes, and even drcls of his countrymen to ours 1 (or, 
 though Captain Cook gave him fome clothes, which 
 our Board of Admiralty had thought proper to fend for 
 his ule, he, after a few days, declined wearing them. 
 This inftance, as well as that of the perfon who had been 
 at Lima, may be adduced as a proof of the flrong in- 
 clination of mankind, in general, to habits acquired at 
 an early agej and it is, perhaps, no unreafortable fup- 
 ixjlition, that even Omiah, who had imbibed almoll the 
 whole tnglilh manner?, will, in a Ihort time alter be- 
 ing left by us, return, like Ocdidee, and the vifitor of 
 Lima, to his own native garments, and his original 
 motleof life. 
 
 Oi^ Wednefday, the 27th, wc were informed by a 
 man who came fromOheitepcha, that two Spanilh fhip* 
 had anchored in that bay the preceding night; and, to 
 confirm this intelligence, he produced lomc coarfc blue 
 cloth, which, he faid, he had got out of one of the fhips. 
 He further faid, that Mateema was with the peoplc^aud 
 that the two fliips would be at Matavai in two or thrtc 
 days. Thefe, and fome other circumflances, which he 
 mentioned, gave the flory fo much the appearance vf 
 truth, that our Commodore difnatched Lieuienunt 
 Williamfon in a boat, to look into Oheitepeha bay ; ^nd, 
 in the meantime, both fliips were put into a proper 
 pollurc of defence: for though England and Spain 
 were At peace when we left England, we did not know 
 but that a different fcenc might, by this time, have been 
 opened. Upon enquiry, however, we had reafon to 
 imagine, that the relator of the flory had tmpofedupot> 
 US; and this was put beyond all doubt, when Mr. Wil- 
 liamfon returned the day followii <r^ who made his re- 
 port, that he had been at Oheitepciia, and did not find 
 any fliips there, nor had any been there fincc wc left it. 
 The people of this part of the illand^ where we were 
 llationed, told us indeed ai firfl. that it was a fidion, 
 invented by thofeof Tiaraboo, but with what view it 
 was propagated among our people, we could not con- 
 ceive, unlefs they might fuppofe, that the report would 
 induce us to quit the ifland, and thus deprive the inha- 
 bitants of Otaheite-nooc of the advantages they might 
 othcrwife reap from our fliips remaining there; the na- ° 
 tives of the two parts of the ifland being inveterate ene- 
 mies to each other. Since we arrived at Matavai, the 
 weather had been very unfeltled till the 29th, on ac- 
 count of which, before this time we were unable to get 
 equal altitudcsof the fun, for afcertaining the going of 
 the time-keeper. In the evening of this day, the 
 iflandcrs made a precipitate retreat, both from our land 
 ftation, and from on board the (hips. We conjec- 
 tured that thisarofe from their knowing fome th^t had 
 been committed, and apprehending punifliment on 
 that account. Ax length we became acquainted with 
 the whole affitir. One of the furgcon> mates had mads 
 an excurflon Into the country, to purchafe curiofities, 
 and had taken with hint four hatchets for the purpofe 
 of exchange. He having been fo imprudent as to em- 
 ploy a> native to carry them, the fellow took an oppor- 
 tunity of running off with fo valuable a prize. This 
 was the reafon of the fudden flight, in which Otoo 
 himfeif,. and all his family, had joinnfd { and it was with 
 difficulty that the Captain (lopped them, after having 
 followed them for the fpace of two or three miles. 
 As the Captain had determined to take no harfh mea- 
 fures for the recovery of the hatchets, that hi> people 
 .- • for 
 
', one of the 
 J with thrin 
 :crior appcar- 
 ic reft ut' the 
 Pome SpaniOt 
 tre 'Si Sctmor. 
 uc had called 
 hcctr. Cap> 
 on board his 
 the year fol- 
 Iflandi, New 
 M. He had 
 ativc, to Ota- 
 lably with thc 
 prcfcrrcd the 
 1 to ours t for, 
 othcs, which 
 )cr to fend for 
 carinff them, 
 who had been 
 the ftrong in- 
 i acquired ae 
 ifonablc fup- 
 ledalmoft the 
 imc alter be- 
 thc vifitor of 
 i his original 
 
 nformcd by a ■ 
 Spanilh ihips 
 light) and, to 
 nc coarfc blue 
 c of the (hips. 
 he people, atid 
 1 two oi- three 
 ices, which he 
 ippcaran.c ^f 
 A 'Lieu'Lenanc 
 }chabay|iwd, 
 into a proper 
 id and Spain 
 did not know 
 mc, have been 
 had reafon to 
 tmpofed upon 
 hen Mr. Wil- 
 niade his re- 
 did not find 
 ncc wc left it. 
 here we were- 
 was a fidion» 
 > what view it 
 :o>.iId not con- 
 ; report would 
 irive the inha- 
 res they might 
 there; the na- 
 nveteratc cne- 
 t Matavai, the 
 39tb, on ac- 
 t unable to get 
 ; the going of 
 this day, the 
 from our land 
 Wc conjec- 
 fome the;ft had 
 uniflinnent on 
 ;quainted with 
 lates had mads 
 lafe curiofities, 
 >r the purpofe 
 dent at to em- 
 took an oppor- 
 a prize. This 
 1 which Otoo 
 and it was with 
 1, after having 
 }r three miles. 
 ; no harfli mea- 
 that hu people 
 for 
 
 •Ut 
 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 ■1 
 
 
 m 
 
 "■mi. 
 
 M«M 
 
 rw; 
 
 MP' 
 
 ■riff' 
 
 >M. 
 
 ^: 
 
 - U.k 
 
 
 • M 
 
 ^H 
 
 ■li\9 
 
 
 w^ 
 
 M 
 
COOK« TlilRIJ ami I.A3 I' VOYAliE— To the I'AtlUC OCEAN, &c. 487 
 
 tn Ihe fiiwirc rmnh* toe morr Ujwn thrir nu.ir.l «n»inft 
 fuch nrulncncc, every thing relumcci nuitkly us lortiur 
 
 imnquility. • . r 
 
 Saturday ihe loth, fome mcfTcngfri arrivctl from 
 KmcowUh »m«llt«cncc,ihat thciwoplr ol thm ilUiul 
 were in vmi« 1 and that Otm/t |>«riizaiu there haa 
 been compcHwl by «h« «»ppo(ltc party to retreat to the 
 mnuntaint. The quaml between the two iflandi, 
 which began in 17 >, had partly fubliftcd ever lime. 
 A formidable annatnrnt had failed fuon alter Captain 
 Conic left Oiaiieiie, in hi» former voyacci but the 
 malecontrnti of I miro had made fo (gallant a rclif> 
 tamre.that tiic flut hiid returned without fu(<ef» 1 «"d 
 now another exprdition waa deemed ncceniirv. On 
 the arrival of the iiK'ncnger», the ihiefn airtmbled at 
 Otoo'a houfe, viheic the captain aiiually \\m at that 
 time, and had the honour ol being adautted into their 
 counril. Onieof the meflcnncra o|>ened the biifincf.s 
 with a fpecrh nf conHderabJe length, the purport ol 
 which wai to e*r liii the (Ituation of alVaira at Kimco, 
 and to excite rh Oiaheiteant to arm on the ocraiion. 
 Thii opinion wa* oppofcd by other*, who were aga nft 
 commencing hollilitica i and the debate, for fwiie tunc, 
 waa carried on with great order ami decorum. At 
 kngtb, however, the whole alTeinbly became vtry 
 tumultuoui, and the captain began to thinl<, thiit ihcii 
 tneeting would conclude like a Folidi diet. Hut t^c 
 contemiing chiefs cooled aa faft a.i they grew w;imi, 
 and order wat fpeedily reftorcd. In the end, tin inn t^ 
 for war prevailedi and it wai refolved, though r o 
 unaniinoiilly, that a ftrong force (hould be fcnt to 
 F.imeo. Otoo faid very little, during the whole ilc 
 bate. Thole of the council inclinable to w.ir, applied 
 to our commodore lor hii aflilVanccj and all ot iluni 
 were dciiioua of knowing what part he would t;ikc. 
 Omiah v»a« fent for to ait a» hii interpreter j but as he 
 could not be (luund, the captain, being under a ncs.cf- 
 fity of fpeaking for himfelf, told them, as well as he 
 could, that, as he was not perfet'tly acquainted with 
 the difpute, and as the natives of F.imeo had ncvir 
 given nimthcleaft oUcncc, hecoulc not think ot'cn- 
 ganing in hoftilitics againft them. With this decla- 
 ration they either were, or appeared to be fatisficd. 
 The council was now diflulved j but before the captain 
 retired, Otoo dcfired him to come again in ihcaltcr- 
 ijoon, and bring Omiah with him. A pr.rty of us ac- 
 cordingly waited uponliim at the appointed times and 
 ^e conduced us to his father, in whofc prefence the 
 difpute with the natives of Eimeo was again diiculFcd. 
 Captain Cook being very defiious of cijecting an ac- 
 commodation, founded the old chief on that fubjc^ii 
 hut he was deaf to any fuch uro^ofal, and fully deter- 
 mined to carry on holUlitics. On our enquiring into the 
 taufe of the war, we were informed, that fcvcral yeais 
 ago, a brother of Waheiadooa, of 1 iaraboo, was fent 
 to Eimco, at the dcfire ol Maheinc, a p>pular chief of 
 that iHand. to be their kingi but had iu>t been theie 
 many days, before Maheinc, having caufed him to be 
 put to death, fet up for himfelf, in oppoiition to Tiera- 
 laboonooe, nephew of the deccafed, who now became 
 the lawful heir, or perhaps had been appointed by the 
 people of Otaheite, to fuccccd to the government on 
 rhe deuth of the othe' Tow ha, who is related to Otoo, 
 and chief of thediftri c ofTettaha, and whohad been 
 commander in chief of the armament fent againfl 
 Eimeo in 1774, happened not to be at Matavai at this 
 time.- and therefore ''>.v .lot prcfent at theconfultations. 
 It appeared, however, that he was no Hranger to w hat 
 liad happened, and that he entered into the tranfadions 
 with great eagernefs and fpirit : for on the rumour of 
 ■ war, it was computed, that near 300 canoes were 
 fnuftcrcd in Matavai Bay, with ftages to each, whereon 
 fat from three to fix chiefs in their warlike cirelles ; 
 yrhich Teemed calculated for Ihew rather than ufc in 
 ixittle. On their heads were large turbans wound 
 round in many folds ; over that a monftrous helmit ; 
 and on their bodies, inftead of the light airy drcfs worn 
 in common, they were incumbered by many garments 
 of their own cloth, which added indeed to their Mature, 
 ^ut which muft diii^ble them to exert their lUength in 
 
 the day of battle. Men of fertile miigination, fond of 
 tracing the analogy of antieni cufloin*, among the dif. 
 fcrent nationaof the world, might polTbly difcover fonie 
 limilarity between thcic lumhrous HrelIVs, and ilmre 
 of the knights of anticnt chiv,ilry, who fought in ar- 
 mour. It is certain that the Otahciican who tighii on 
 foot mufl feel the fame incumbrance from hi* heavy 
 war-clrefs, as the aniient knight, who fought on horfe* 
 back muft have dona, from his unwcildly armour 1 anil 
 there ii no doubt but the former will, one time or other, 
 l)c laid alidc in the tropical ifles, at much ai the latter 
 is now in every other part of the world. 
 
 On Monday the lit of .September, a meflenger ar. 
 rived from Towha, to acquaint Otoo, that he haukilled 
 a man to be facriliced to the Fatooa, with the view of 
 imploring the alliOancc of the deit^ ai;ainlt Kimco. 
 This foK-mn oblation was to be oflircil at the great 
 Moral, at .\ttahooroo, and Oroo's prcfenrc was neceC« 
 I'lry on the occaiion. That fuch kind of faci ificcs con* 
 Ititutc a uart of the religious ceremonies of the Ota- 
 hcitcini, had been allcrtcd by Monf. Ikiugainville, on 
 the tedimoin o( the native whom he took to France. 
 In our lalt vilit to Otaheite, we had faiistied ourfelves, 
 ih.it liith a practice, however inconlident with the 
 ';encial humanity of the people, was here adopted. 
 •'lit this was one of thofe uncommon tiiiU, concerning 
 'he truth of which many will not be convinced, unlcls 
 the iL'l.itur himU'lf has had ocular proof to fupport 
 liis allcrtion 1 fiir this rcafon, C'.iptain Cook requeued 
 olOtoo, tliat he might be allouej to accompany him^ 
 ,iiul, by being prcfent at the lolimniry, might obtain 
 the hi)^hcll evidence of its certainty. I'o this the king 
 readily allented, and we immeditcly fct out in the 
 captaiii's boat, accompanied by our old friend Potatou, 
 Mr. Anderfiin and Mr. Webber; Omiah following ua 
 in his canoe. We landed in our way, on a fmall ifland, 
 lying oll'Tcttaha, where we found Touha and his at- 
 temiants. After a little convcrfation between the two 
 hicfs, on the fubjcd of the war, Towha addrefTcd 
 himfelf to the captain, foliciting his alliltance. When 
 the latter excufed himfelf, Towha feemed difpleafed, 
 thinking it rather extraordinary, that one who had- 
 conllantly declared himfelf the tricnd of their iiland, 
 Ihould now refufe to light againll its enemies. Be- 
 fore we feparatcd, Towha gave to Otoo two or three 
 red feathers, tied up in a tuft, and a half-ftarved dog 
 was put into a cantjc that was to accompany us. Our 
 party now reimbaiked, taking with us a pricft, who 
 was to ainil at the otl'ering of the human facrifice. 
 About two o'clock, we landed at Attahooroo, when 
 Otoo delircd that the failors might be ordered to con- 
 tinue ill the boat ; and that Captain Cook, Mr. Ander- 
 fon. and Mr. Webber, would take ofl° their hats as foon 
 aa they ihould come to Yhe Moral. To this we im.^ 
 mediately proceeded, followed by numbers of men^ 
 and fomeboys; but not one woman was prcfent. We 
 found four prielts with their alTiftants waiting for usf 
 and on our arrival the certmonies commenced. The 
 dead body or facriticc wasiiva fmall canoe, that lay on 
 the beach, fronting the Moryi. Two of the priefts, 
 with feveral of their attendants, were fitting by the 
 canoe that lay on the beach 1 the others at the Morai< 
 Our company ftoppcd at the diftance of twenty or 
 thirty paces from the priefta. Here Otoo placed him- 
 felfi our gentleAaen, and a few others, uanding by 
 him, while the bulk of the people were removed at a 
 greater diftance. One of the aflifiants of the pricftt 
 now brought a young plantain tree, and laid it dowi» 
 before the k'l g. Another approached, beating a fmall 
 tuft of reJ it.athera, twifted on fome fibres of the 
 cocoa-nut hu(k, wirh which he touched one of Otoo'a 
 feet, and afterwards retired with it to his companions. 
 One of the pricfls who were feated at the Moral, now 
 began a long prayer, and, at particular times, fent down 
 young pliMitain trees, which were placed upon the 
 facrince. During' this prayer, one of the natives,, who 
 Hood by the officiating priefi, held in his hands two 
 bundles, in one of which, as we afterwards found, waa 
 the royal maro; and the other, if we maybe allowed 
 the cxpreffion, was the ark of the Eatooa. The prayer 
 
 Ipcmg 
 
 tV.. 
 
 lill 
 
 
 
 ::i 
 
I 
 I 
 
 I'!. 
 
 hl'lr 
 
 488 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 m 
 
 being finilhed, the pricfts at the Morai, with their affif- 
 tantf, went and fat down by thofc who were upon the 
 beach, carrying the two bundles with them. 'I'hcy 
 here renewed their prayers ; during w hich the plantain 
 trees were taiten, one by one, at various times, from ott" 
 the 'dead body, which, being wrapped up in cocoa- 
 icaves and fmall branches, was now talcen out of the 
 canoe, and laid upon the beach. The priefts placed 
 themfelvcs round it ; fome landing, and others titting; 
 and one, or more of them, repeated fcntences for about 
 ten minutes. The body was now Gripped of the leaves 
 and branches, and placed parallel with the fea-Hiore. 
 Then one of the priefts ftanding at the feet of the 
 eorpfe, pronounced a long prayer, in which he was 
 joined occafinnally by others, each of them holding a 
 tuft of red feathers in his hand. While this prayer was 
 repeating, fome hair was pulled off the head of the in- 
 tended facrifice, and the left eye was taken out ; both 
 which being wrapped up in a green leaf, were prcftntcd 
 to the king, who, however, did not touch them, but 
 gave to the man who brought them to him, the tuft 
 of red feathers which he had received from Towha. 
 This, with the eye and hair, were taken to the priefts. 
 Not long after this the king fent them another bunch of 
 feathers. In the courfe of this laft ceremony, a king- 
 fiflicr inaking a noiCe. Otoo, turning to Captain Cu^^lc, 
 faid, " That is the Eatooai" and he feemed to con- 
 fider it as a favourable prognoftic. The eorpfe was 
 then carried a little way, and laid under a tree, near 
 which were fixed three thin pieces of wood neatly 
 carved. The bundles of cloth were placed on a part 
 of the Morai ; and the tufts of red feathers were laid 
 at the feet of the dead l)ody, round which the priefts 
 Rationed themfelvcs ; and we were at this time per- 
 mitted to go as near as v.e pleafed. He, who fecnied 
 to be the thief priclt, fpoke for about a quarter of an 
 hour, w ith different tones and gefturcs ; fomctimes ap- 
 pearing to expoftuiatc with the deceafcd ; at other times, 
 alTiing fcveral quclHons ; then making various demands, 
 as if the dead perfon had power himfelf, or intarcfl 
 with the deity, to engage him to grant fuch rcquclh; 
 among which, he dcfired him to deliver Eimeo, Ma- 
 heinc its chief, the women, hogs, and other things of 
 the illand into their hands ; which was, indeed, the ex- 
 prefs objedt of the facrifice. He then prayed near half 
 an hour, in a whining tone, and two other priefts 
 joined in the prayer, in the courfe of which 9ne of 
 them plucked l<)me more hair from the head of the 
 eorpfe, and put it upon one of the bundles. The high 
 prieft now prayed alone, holding in his hand the fea- 
 thers he had received from Towha. Having finlfticd, 
 he gave them to another prieft, who prayed in like 
 manner : then all the tufts of feathers were placed 
 upon the buncHcsof cloth, which concluded the cere- 
 mony at this place. 
 
 The dead body was now carried to the naofl con- 
 fpicuous part of the Morai, with the feathers, and the 
 two bundles of cloth, while the drums beat (lowly. The 
 feathers and bundles were laid againft a pile of ftones, 
 and the body at the foot of them. The priefts having 
 again featcd themfclves round the eorpfe, renewed their 
 prayers, while fome of their afliftants dug a hole about 
 the depth of two feet, into which they threw theviiftim, 
 and covered it over with ftones of earth. While they 
 were dcpoficing the body in the grave, a boy fqueaked 
 aloud, upon which Omiah told the captain, it was the 
 Katooa. In the mean time, a fire having been made, 
 we faw a lean half ftarved dog produced, and it was 
 killed by twilling his neck. The hair wa» then ftnged 
 oft", and the entrails being taken out, they were thrown 
 into the fire, and left there to be confumed ; but the 
 kidney, heart, and liver, were baked on heated ftones. 
 Thecarcafe, afterhavingbeen rubbed over with tlie blood 
 of the animal, were w ith the liver, Hcc. laid down before 
 the priefts, who were featcd round the grave, praying. 
 Theys for Ibme time, uttered ejaculations over the 
 dog, while two men, at intervals, beat very loud on two 
 dranu ; and a boy fcreamed, in a loud flirill voice, 
 three times. This, they faid, ^vas to invite the Katooa 
 lo feaft on the banquet that they had provided for him. 
 J 
 
 When the priefts had finilhed their prayers, the body, 
 heart, liver, &c. of the ik^, were placed on a whatta, 
 or fcaffold, about Cix feet in height, on Which lay the 
 remains of two other dogs, and of two pigs, that had 
 been lately oft'ercd up. The priefts and their atten- 
 daiits now gave a (hout, and this proclaimed the cere- 
 monies ended for the prefcnt. The evening being 
 arrived, we were conducted to a houfe belonging to 
 Potatou, where we were entertained and lodged for the 
 night. Having been informed, that the religioua 
 rites were to be renewed the next day, wc would not 
 quit the place while anv thing remained to be feen. 
 
 Early in.the morni.igof Tuefday the 2nd, we re- 
 paired to the fcene of adion ; and foon afterwards a 
 pig was facrificed, and laid upon the fame fcaffold 
 with the others. About eight, Otoo took our party to 
 the Morai, where the priefts, and a great multitude 
 of people were by this tunc alFembled. The two bun- 
 dles occupied the place where they had been depofited 
 the preceding evening ; the two drums were m the 
 front of the Morai, and the priefts were ftationed be- 
 yond them. The king placed himfelf between the 
 drums, and delircii the captain to ftand by him. The 
 ceremony commenced with bringing a young plantain 
 tree, and laying it at the king's feet. A prayer waj 
 then repeated by the priefts, liolding in their hands 
 f'veral tufts of red, and a plume of oftrich feathers t 
 which the commodore had prefented to Otoo on hia 
 firft arrival. When the priefts had ended the prayer, 
 they changed their ftation, and placed themfelvcs be- 
 tween our gentlemen and the Morai. One of them, 
 th" fame wmKo had performed the principal part the 
 pi -cding day, began another prayer, which continued 
 near half an hour. During this prayer, the tufts of red 
 feathers were put, one by one, upon the ark of the Eatooa. 
 Not long after, four pigs were produced, one of which 
 was killed immediately, anH tv.- ;;,rce others were 
 taken to a neighbouring fty. One of the bundles was 
 now untied ; and it contained the Maro, w ith which 
 the Otaheiteans inveft their kings. When taken out 
 of the cloth, it was fprcad on the ground, at full length, 
 before the priefts. It is a girdle about i< feet in 
 length, and one foot and a quarter in breadth, and is 
 probably put on in the fame manner as the common 
 Maro, or piece of cloth, ufcd by thefe iflanders to 
 wrap round the waift. It was ornamented with yellow 
 and red feathers ; but principally with the former. 
 One end ofit wasbordea'd with eight pieces, about the 
 fizeand figure of a horfe-ftioe, whole edges were fringed 
 with black feathers : the other end was forked, having 
 the points of various lengths. The feathers were rangra 
 in two rows, in fquare compartments, and produced a 
 pleating cftcft. They had been firft fixed upon fome 
 of the cloth of the ifland, and then fewed to the upper 
 end of the pendant, which Captain Wallis had left fly- 
 ing on the lliorc, the firft time of his arrival at Mativy.. 
 The priefts pronounced a long prayer, relative to this 
 part of the ceremony; and after it was ended, the 
 badge of royalty was folded up with great care, and put 
 into the cloth. The other bundle, which we have 
 already mentioned, under the name of the ark, was next 
 opened at one end ; but we were not permitted to ap- 
 proach near enough to examine its myfterious contents. 
 The' intelligence we obtained refpeding itscontents was, 
 that the Eatooa (or rather, what is fuppofcd to reprefent 
 him) was concealed therein. This facred repoutory it 
 compofed of the twifted fibres of the hulk of the cocoa. 
 nut, and its figure is nearly circular, with one end conii- 
 derably thicker than the other. The pig that had been 
 killed was by this time cleaned, and its entrails takert 
 out. Thefe happened To have many of thoic convulfive 
 motions, which frequently appear, in diflerent parts, 
 when an animal is killed ; and this was confidered as a 
 very fevourable omen to the intended expedition* 
 After having been expofef^ for fome time, the entrails 
 were carried and laid down before the priefts; one of 
 whom clofely infpedtcd them, tarning them for this 
 purpofe gently with a ftick. Having Deenftifncientl/ 
 examined, they were thrown into the fire. Tht facri* 
 flced pig, aad its liver, heart, See. were now put upon 
 
 th« 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 489 
 
 the fcaffold where the dog had been dcpofitcd ; and 
 then all the feathers, except the oftnth plunk, bc- 
 irtg enclofed in the ark, an end was put to the whole 
 
 ibiemnity. . , r l , r 
 
 We (hall clofe this account with a few other obfcr- 
 vations we made in the courfc of this morning. Four 
 double canoes remained upon the beach the u hole timf, 
 bcforethe placeof facrifice. A finall platform, covered 
 with palm leaves, fattened in myfterious knots, was 
 fixed on the fore part of each of thofc canoes ; and this 
 alfo is called a Morai. Some plantains, cocoa-nuts, 
 bread-fruit, fi(h, and other articles, lay upon each of 
 thofe naval morais. The natives faid, that they be- 
 longed to the Eatooa, and that they were toattcnd the 
 fleet that wai to be fent out againft Einico. I'hc un- 
 fortunate vidlim offered on this occafion, u as to aiipcftr- 
 ance, a middle aged man, and one of the lo weft tlafs 
 of the people; but it did not appear that they had 
 fixed upon him on account of his having committed 
 rfny particular:crimc that deferved death. It is cer- 
 tain, however, that they ufually feledl; fuch guilty iwr- 
 fons for facrifices, or clfc vagabonds, who have no viii- 
 blc way of procuring an honed livelihood. Having 
 examined the body cf the unhappy fuffcrer, now offered 
 up to the objed of ihefe people's adoration, we i)b- 
 ferved, that it was bloody about the head, and much 
 bruifed upon the right temple, which denoted the 
 manner in which he had been killed; and wc were 
 informed, that he had been knocked on the head with 
 a ftone. The wretches who arc devoted on theft- oc- 
 cafions, arc never previoufly apprized of their fate. 
 Whenever any one of the principal chiefs conceives a 
 hunran facrifice neceffary, on any great emergency, he 
 fixes upon the vidtim, and then difpatchcs feme of his 
 trufty fervants, who fell upon him fuddenly, and either 
 flone him to death, or beat out his brains with a club. 
 The king is then acquainted with it, whofc prefence is 
 faid to be abfolutely neceffary at the folemn rites that 
 follow i and, indeed, in the late performance, Otoo bore 
 a capital part. The folemnity itfcif is called Poore 
 Eree, or the prayer of the chief: and the vidim is 
 tiimetl Taata-taboo, or confecrated man. The Morai, 
 where the late facrifice was offered, is always appro- 
 priated for the burial of the king of the whole ifland, 
 and likewifc of his family, and Tome other perfons of 
 dillinguiihed rank. It differs little except in ex- 
 tent, Kom the common Morais. Its principal part is 
 ai large oblong pile of Hones, about thi t teen feet in neigh t, 
 and contradled towards the top, with a quadrangular 
 area on each fide, loofcly paved with pebbles, under 
 which the bones of the chiefs are dcpohted. Not far 
 froin the end neareft the fca, is the place of facrifice, 
 where is a very large whatta, or fcaffold, on which the 
 offerings of fruits, and other vegetables arc placed; but 
 the animals are laid on a fmallcr one, and the human 
 facrifices are interred under the pavement. We faw 
 (everal reliques fcattered about the place; fuch as finall 
 Hones raifed in various parts of the pavement, fomc 
 with bitt of cloth tiiftened round them ; others entirely 
 covered with it; and upon the fide of the large pile, 
 fronting the area, are a great number of pieces ofcarved 
 wood, in which their gods are fuppofed to refide occa- 
 iionally. There is a heap of (lones, at one end of the 
 large fcaffold, with a fort of platform on one fide. On 
 this are depofited all the Ikulls of the human facrifices, 
 which arc taken up after they have remained under 
 
 Sound for fome months, Juft above them many of 
 e carved pieces of wood are placed ; and here the 
 Maro, and the other bundle, fuppofed to contain the 
 god Ooro, were laid, during the celebration of the late 
 iblemn rites. It is probable, that this barbarous cuf- 
 torn of offering human facrifkes, prevails in all, or 
 moftof the iflandsof the Pacific Ocean, however dif- 
 tant from each other fome of thenrt may be. And 
 though we (ho«Id fiippofc, that not more than one per- 
 son is offered at one time, cither at OtaHcite, or other 
 iflands, yet thefe occafions, wc are inclined to think, 
 oc«ur fo frequently, as to make a terrible haVock of tlie 
 human fpecics; Ibrthe Captain counted no lefs rhan 
 - '" No. 60.- - • ■ • • 
 
 49 fkulls of former vidini."!, lying before the Moral, at 
 Attahooioo i and as none of thofc fkulls appeared to 
 have fufl'ered any conliderablc change, or decay, from 
 the weather, it may be inferred, that a fliort time had 
 clapfed fincc the victims to whom they belonged had 
 been offered. This horrid pradice, though no confi- 
 dcration whatever can make it ccafc to be dctcHablc, 
 might, perhaps, be thought lefs detrimental, in fomc 
 refpeds, if it contributed to imprefs any awe for the 
 deity, or veneration for religion, upon the iiiin.!s of 
 the congregation :, but this was far from being the 1 afo 
 on the lateoccalion; for though a vaft number of fi)ci:- 
 tators had affcmblcd at the Morai, they ihcwcJ very 
 little reverence for what was tranfading: and 
 Omiah happening to arrive, after the ccicmoivc-i 
 had begun, many of the iflanders thronged rin;::d 
 him, and were engaged, for the remaining part of 
 the time, in making him recount fonie of his adven- 
 tures; to which they liflcncd with great eager n;'"! of 
 attention, regardlcfs of the folemn offices which t.b;-ir 
 pricfls were then performing. Indeed, the pricnj 
 themfclves, except the one who fuftained the principal 
 part, either from their being familiari/ed to fuch ob- 
 jeds, or from thi ir repofing no great degree of r oiifi- 
 dence in the efficacy of their religious inftitiitioii-, 
 maintained very little of that folemnity, fo nccdUirv to 
 give to ads of devotion their proper effcd. 'I'hciv habit 
 was but an ordinary one; they converfed together with 
 great familiarity ; and the only attempt they made to 
 prefcrve decorum, was by exerting their authority, to 
 prevent the populace from encroaching on the fpot, and 
 to fuffer our gentlemen, as llrangcrs, to come forward. 
 They were, however, very candid in the anf«crs which 
 they gave to any interrogatories that were put to them, 
 with regard to this human inrtitution. Being aflced, 
 what wasthedefign of it.> They replied, that it was 
 an ancient cuftom, and highly pleadng to their god, 
 who came and fed upon the facrifices; in confequcnceof 
 which, he granted the petitions of their prayers. It was 
 then objcdcii, that he certainly did not feed on thefe, as 
 he was neither fcen to do it, nor were the bodies of the 
 facrificcd animals foon confumed ; and that as to the 
 corpfe of a human victim, they prevented his feedin>» 
 on that, by interring it. In anfwcr to thefe objedion", 
 which in our opinion were rather frivolous ones, they 
 obfcrved, that he came in the night, invilibiv, and fed 
 only on the foul, or immaterial part, which (as thefe 
 people fay) remains about the place of facrifice, till the 
 carcafeof the vidim is totally waded by putrefadion. 
 Human facrifices are not the only Orange cuftoms rlv.it 
 (fill prevail among the inhabitants of Otaheite, though, 
 in many refpeds, they have emerged from the hrut.d 
 manners of favagc IiK-. Bcfidcs cutting out the j.w 
 bones of their enemies (lain in battle, which they carry 
 about with them as trophies, they, in fome meafurc, 
 offer up their bodies to the Eatooa: for after an en'. 
 gagement, in which they have come off victorious, they 
 colled all the dead, and bring them to the Morai, 
 where with great form and ceremony, they dig a large 
 hole, and bury them all in it, as fo many offerings to 
 their divinities. They treat in a different manner 
 their own chiefs that fall in battle. Their late king, 
 Tootaha, Tubourai-tamaidc, and another chief, who 
 were (lam in an engacement with thofe of Tiaraboo, 
 were brought to the Morai at Attahooroo; at which 
 place the priefts cut out their bowels before the great 
 altar; and their dead bodies were afterwards interred 
 in three different places, near the great pile of ftones 
 abovementioned ; and the common men who loft their 
 lives in the battle, were all buried in one hole, at the foot 
 of the fame pile. This was performed the day after 
 the battle, with much pomp and formality, amidfl a nu- 
 merous concourfe of people, as a thankfgiving offering 
 to the deity, for the vidory they had obtained the pre- 
 ccdmg day. The vanquifhed, in the mean time, had 
 taken refuge in the mountains, where they remnim-d 
 upwards of a week, till the fury of the vidors bcii;an to 
 abate, A treaty was then fet on foot, by which "it was 
 agreed, that Otod ihould be proclainietl king of the 
 - ■ ' - who'll 
 
 1! 
 
 i >i 
 
 'i 
 
 
 6 H 
 
490 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 whole iHand; and the folcmnity of invefting him with 
 the Maro, or badge of royalty, was performed at the 
 fame Moiiti, with great magnificence. 
 
 A gentleman on board the Difcovery, to whdfe jour- 
 nal, m the narrative of this voyage, we have had fre- 
 quently rccourfe to, in his remarks on the manners and 
 cuftoms of the inhabitants of Otaheite, makes the fol- 
 lowing obfcrvations. The journalift, as he fays, was at- 
 tentive only to two fadls, one of which, hi found reafon 
 to believe, had been mifrcprefentcd. and the other un- 
 fairly related. The firft relpeifts the fociety of the Ar- 
 reoys.compofed, as it was (aid, of a certain number of 
 men and women, alTbciated in Icwdncfsj and fo aban" 
 doned to ail fcnfc of humanity^ as to dcltroy the ilTue 
 of their libidinous intercourfc; than which nothing 
 could be more injurious to the charaders of any peo- 
 ple, than this diabolical pradlice afcribed to this focictyi 
 There are in this, and the adjoining iflands, perfons of 
 a middle rank between the Manahounas, or the Yeo- 
 men, and the Earecs, who having no concern in the 
 government, nor any diftinifl property in the iflands, 
 aflbciate together for their own amufement, and the 
 entertainment of the public. Thefe travel from place 
 to place, and from iiland to ifland in companies, not 
 unlike thofe of the (Irolling players in England, only 
 that they perform without pay ; but that they cohabit 
 indifcriminately, one with another. To many men with 
 fu many women in common,, is no otherwife true, than 
 may be fufpedcd aniong the itinerant companies juft 
 mentioned; nor art they under any other redraints 
 from marrying, than that the fociet/*admits of no mar- 
 riages among thcmfelves, nor of any married people 
 to be of their fociety, it being a rule with them never to 
 be encumbered with children ; if therefore it (hould 
 happen, that iflue fliould prove to be the confequence 
 of a cafual amour, there is no alternative, the mother 
 muft either quit the fociety, or fome how or other dif- 
 
 pofe of the child, which fome of them do there, at , 
 many unfortunate girls do hen, bv fecretly makiiw 
 away with them, to avoid infamy, it txins equally diu 
 graceful there to be found with child, while membera 
 of the fociety of Arreoys, as it is for women here to^ be 
 found without- hiifbands. Oedidee, who made the 
 voyage to the fouthward with Captain Cook, in his for. 
 mer expedition todifcover a fouthem continent, came 
 to pav hit refpeds to his patron and friend. He brought 
 with nim a wife whom he had lately married, which 
 difcredits the notion that was adopted by former voy- 
 agers, that thofe who beloQmd to the fociety of Arreoya 
 were fworn to celibacy. Either this man mufi have 
 been an inipoftor, or the &&. juft mentioned cannot be 
 truCi 
 
 Hie Cither tiift, which the writer took pain* to de. 
 termlne, was, whether the beaftly cuftom imputed to 
 them, of gratifying their paflwns without regard to 
 perfons orjplaces, was well Founded!* And he foiemnly 
 declares, that the grofleft indecencies he ever faw prac 
 tifed while ontheiiland, wereby thelicentiourno&bf our 
 own people, who, without regard to chancer, made no 
 fcruple to attempt openly and by force, what they were 
 unaSle to effed with the fiee volunury confimt of the 
 objedbof their defiret for which feveial of them were 
 fcverely punilhed. To aflert, thoefore. that not the 
 lead trace of fhame is to be found among thefe people, 
 in doing that openly, which all other people are natu- 
 rally induced tohiae, is an injurious calumny, not war- 
 ranted by cuftom, nor fupported by the ^neral prac- 
 tice, even of the lowcfl clafs of individuals among 
 them. This people, concludes our journalift, have one 
 cuftom in common with the Neapolitans and Maltefe, 
 which ought not to be forgotten, and that is, their fifh- 
 ing in the night, and repoling diemfelves in the day : 
 like them too, they burn torches while they iifh, which 
 they make of the oil drawn from the cocoa-nut. 
 
 
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 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 fbe parly at the condujion of the Solemnilj at iht Mirai, re-tmbarhed for Maltroai-^Conference with Totoba refpe/ting 
 the human Sacrifice -Private Hervas among the Natives — A treat given iy Oetlidee, and amlberSy Omiab—ExbiMioH 
 of Firc-ivorh — A prefcnl of Cloth made in an unufital Manner — A method »f embalming the dead Body of a Chief— 
 A fecond human Sacrifice — 77v two Captains entertain the Natives by riding in Horfe-'batk— Attention rf Otoot to pre- 
 vent Thefts Animals givai him by Captain Cook — Audience Is the Deputies of a Cbief—Amoclt Fi^t exbiUted by tw 
 
 tVar-canot's — NtH'al flren^lh of the Society Iflands — Manner of conducing a IVar — 'The day for the two Ships failing 
 
 fiycj Peace made "with Eimeo — Debates in confequence of ibis — Otoo's condu3 cenfUred—A fUenoUty on the oceqficM'— 
 
 Obfervalims Otoo's policy — Chniab receives dprefenl of a war canoe — Otoo's prefent andmtffage to the King of Great Bri^ 
 
 tain— An Account of the modes of traffic, and the friendly Treatment we received at Otabeite^More particulars re- 
 fpefling the expedition of the Spaniards — Their endeavours to inculcate a mean opinion of the Englifflh—Omiab'tjealMfy (f 
 oiiotherTraveUer—Thc Refolution and Difcwery depart from Otabeite, and anchor it Taloointbe Ifland of Eimeo— Two 
 Harbours, Ttloo, and Parvwroab defcribed—f^ifit from Maheine, and a Defcription of bis Perfon^PreparatitHS madt 
 for failing— Detained by having a Goatftolen — Another purloined, andfecreted-^Meafures taken,andan expedition crofs 
 the Ijlandto recover it — H>ufes and Canoes bumt—Cbntinuation of Hoftilities threatened— fbe Goat rtftored—A defcrip. 
 tion of the Ifland of Eimeo— The two Ships fet Sail, and arrive at mabeine — An cSn^lyifftbeOj^s-t-Omiab's Efta- 
 ili/hment in thit ijland agreed to unanimoufly—In confequence of this a Houfe is built fir bim, andfltps taken to enfnrt bis 
 
 f^ffty jl jh/tf punifbed with uncommon Severity — Aninali left with Omiab—His H^eapons— Entertainments— Lt-^ 
 
 fcription on his Uoufe— Behaviour tti parting— Renurks en bis U)ara{ler and general CmduH— Obfcrvations on the turn 
 New Zealanders uhoremainedwithbim— The two Ships proceed to Ulieleor-^ A D^erterbekming to the Marines re- 
 covered—Intelligence from Omiab^Inftruaions to Captain Clerke—Two of the Mariners defert—Tbe Chiefs Sen, 
 Daurbter and her Hujband, confined on board the Difcovery— A eonfpiranfmned by the Natives again/I the two Captains 
 —The Deferters rectmered, and the Chief sfami(j fet at Lberty—Tbe RefUutiouandDifcTvery prepare for their Depar- 
 turefrom Ulietea, 
 
 ON Tuefday, the 2nd of September, we re-em- 
 barked, in order to return to Matavai, revolving 
 inour minds the extraordinary fcentfat the moral, as 
 leUtcd in the preceding chapter, and lo which we had 
 been eye-witnefles. In the way, we paid « vifit «> 
 Towha, who had continued in the little ifland, where 
 we met him the day before. Some converfation paflTed 
 between him and Otoo; and the latter entreated Cap- 
 tain Cook, once more, to join them as an ally in their 
 war againft Eimeo. % his pofitive rcfofal he <hr 
 tirely loft the good opinion of this chief. Before we 
 took our leave, Otoo took an occafion to fpeak of the 
 folcmnity, at ♦hich we had been prefent. Amon^ 
 
 3 
 
 other interrogatories, he aflccd particularly. If it an- 
 fweredourexpc&ations? What opinion we entertained 
 of itt efficacy,? And, whether fuch religious adts and 
 ceremonies were frequent in our own country? We 
 had been filent during the celebration of the tuvrid C6> 
 remctfiyt but, at the clofe of the extraordinary fcene* 
 freely exprcfledour fentimentton die rubjcA to Otoo, 
 and nia utandanut eonfequently, Captam Cook did 
 not conceal hii deteftation of it, in this converfatioa 
 with Towha. Exdufive of the barfawity of the Uoodjr 
 cuftom, he ar^gei the unreafonaUenefsof it, alledging, 
 that fuqh a facrific^ inftead of making the Eatooa pro- 
 pitiou* to their nation, viouki excite hii wngeancci and 
 
 that. 
 
do there, as 
 ctljr nukiiw 
 equally diu 
 le memben 
 1 hue to, be 
 3 made the 
 i, in his for- 
 inent, came 
 He brought 
 Tied, which 
 former voy- 
 y of Arreoys 
 n muh. have 
 m1 cannot be 
 
 pains to de> 
 imputed to 
 Jt regard to 
 he foiemnly 
 rer faw pnic« 
 Mirnefii'ofour 
 ler, made no 
 ^at they were 
 snfent of the 
 >f them were 
 that not the 
 thefe people, 
 lie are natu- 
 [iny,not war- 
 rcneral prac- 
 duals among 
 ilift, have one 
 and Maltefc, 
 : is, their fifli- 
 > in the day : 
 :y ii(h, which 
 M-nut. 
 
 niAa refpefUn^ 
 ah — ExmbitiM 
 yof a Qritf— 
 f Oiooo to prt" 
 Mhltdfy tw 
 vo Sbipt failing 
 tbeoeetifim— 
 tg of Great Bri' 
 particulars rC" 
 \iab'ijtaloufy of 
 f Eimeo—Tv» 
 tforalioHS made 
 expet^tim trofs 
 ea—A dejcrip^ 
 i-Qmiab'i Efia^ 
 xHtoen/ur* bis 
 •taittments-^In-^ 
 tions OH the fat 
 be Marines re- 
 be Chiefs Setr, 
 the two Captains 
 for their Depart 
 
 larly. If it an- 
 1 we enteruined 
 iigtous adb and 
 I country? We, 
 f thehivridce- 
 kordinary fcene, 
 rubica toOtoo. 
 pqun Cook did 
 lis converfatioa 
 ity of the bloody 
 of it, alledging, 
 the Eatooa pn>- 
 I vengeance I ani 
 that. 
 
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COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 49V 
 
 1 
 
 that, from thii very circumftance, he concluded, their 
 intended expedition agdinfl Maheinc would be unfuc- 
 ccftful. Thia waa proceeding to great lengths upon 
 <onie(Jlure» but there waa little danger of being mif- 
 taken i for, relbeding thii war, three parties were 
 formed in the irfand, one violent in itt favour, another 
 indiflfeKnt about it, and a third the avowed fupporters 
 of Maheinc, and hia caufc. Under thcfe circum- 
 ftancca, it was not probable that fuch a plan of mili* 
 un operations would be fettled, as could infure fuc- 
 ceu. Omiah atflcd as interpreter, in conveying the 
 Captain's fentiincnts on this fubjcil to Towha, and he 
 fupported his objedions with fuch fpirit, chat the chief 
 appeared to be extremely angry; cfpccialty, on being 
 informed, that if he had taken away the life of a . man 
 in Ei^land, as he had done here, his rank would not 
 have protected him from an ignomiriious death. Upon 
 this he exclaimed, mafno! maeno! (vile! vile!) ahd 
 would not heal' a fyllablc more about it. Many of the 
 natives were pirfent at this debates particulady the 
 lirrvants and attendants of lowha; and when Omiah 
 mentioned the puhifliihent that would be inflidled, in 
 England, upon the greatf (I chief, if he dared to kilt 
 the meancft fervant, they liltened very attentively ; and 
 perhaps, on this fubjedl, they thought dinerently 
 from their mafter. Leaving Towha, we proceeded to 
 Oparree, where Otoo folicited us to pafs the night. We 
 landed in the evening, and on bur way to hii habita- 
 ' tion, had an opportunity of obferving how. thcfe people 
 amufe themfelves in their private heevas. We faw about 
 a hundred of them fitting in a *>oufe i in the midd of 
 whom were two women, and ark old man behind tach 
 of them, beating gently on a drum, and the women, at 
 intervals, finging with great foftnefs and delicac^^ 
 The aflcmbly were very attentive, and feemcd, iis it 
 were, abforbed in the pleafure the mufic gaVe themj 
 few of them taking any notice of us, and the perfbrm- 
 ers never once ceafcd. When we arrived at Otoo's 
 houfe it was almofl dark. Here we were fcntertained 
 with one of their public heevas, or plays, in which his 
 three fifters reprefcnted principal characters. This 
 they call a hceva raa, and no pcrfon is fufibrcd to enter 
 the houfe, or area, where it is exhibited. This is al- 
 ways the cafe, when the royal fiftets are performers. 
 There is a famencfs in their drama, that admits of lit- 
 tle or no variation, as, perhaps, to foreigherii who are 
 unacquainted with the langua^ and manners of a 
 country, there r^ay appear to be m every ftage exhibi- 
 tion, wherever perfortncd. Be that as ir may, we now 
 beheld a more numerous and brilliant company of per- 
 formers aflbmblcd for our entertainment, than we had 
 ever feen on any ftage in the tropical iflands before. 
 On this occafion, the dreflfes were entirely new, and by 
 ftr more elegant and pidturcfquc than formerly; the 
 number of dancers were increafed ; and tivy acquitted 
 diemfelves in a very diftinguifhed manner. Ten youne 
 ladies compofed the firft group, with their heads molt 
 magnificently ornamented with beads, red feathers, 
 iheUs of the nnoll beautiful colours, and wreathed with 
 flowers in fo elegant a ftylt, as hardly to be excelled. 
 A party of warriors were next introduced, dreflcd in 
 thur war habits, confiding, as has already been ob- 
 fervcd, of different coloured oloth, of their own manu. 
 fedure, icringenioufly fafliioned, and blended together 
 with (b much art, as, with the helmits that cover their 
 heads, to fill the ftage with men, of whofe majeftic 
 figure it is not eafy to conceive an idea. Thefc were 
 anhed with (jpears, lances, and clubs : and exhibited all 
 the forms of^ attack and defence, which are pradifed 
 in real adVion. The principal performers were the 
 king's brother, his three fifters, and we' may add, a 
 chief of It gigantic ftaturc, who difplayed fuch fur- 
 prizing grimace and diftortions of face and counte. 
 nance, by way of provocation and challenge, as were 
 not only (aughable in fonne attitudes, but terrible in 
 others. After thcfe difappeared, the players came 
 forward, and performed a more ferious piece than we 
 had yet feen, at which the natives £k graver and more 
 ConqMfcd than ufuai; thourii fome comic interludes, 
 wherein four men were jierformcrs, feemed to alToid 
 
 I greater entertainment to the numerous audience. I'he 
 
 ! whole concluded with a dance of ten boys, dreflcd, iit 
 
 every refped like the girls in thie firft fcene, with their 
 
 hair flowing in rin^leu down their fhouldcrs, and thcif 
 
 heads ornamented m a very besuitiful ftylc. 
 
 The next morning being the 3d, we proceeded to 
 Mauvai, leaving Otoo at Oparree j but his mother, 
 fiflers, in ftiort all the royal family, and many women, 
 attended us on board, and Otoo ibilowid a Chart time 
 after. During our abfence from the (hips, the fupply 
 of fruit had been fcanty, nor had they inany yifitors; 
 but after our return we had plenty both of company 
 and provifions. On the 4tn a party of ui, among 
 whom was Otoo, dined adiorc with Omiah, who had 
 provided excellent fare, confifting of iifti, fowls, pork,' 
 and puddings. Dinner being over, the Captain ac- 
 com|Mnied Otoo to his houfe, where he found all his 
 fervants very bufy in getting a quantity of provilions 
 ready. Among other articles was a large hog, which 
 they killed in his prefence. There was alfo a large 
 
 (luqding, the whole procefs of which the Captain fa,w. 
 t was compofed of bread fruit, plantains, taro, and 
 pandanus nuts, each rafped, fcrapcd, or beat up very 
 nne, and baked by itfelf. A quantity of the juice of 
 cocoa>nut-kcrncls was put into a large tray, or wooden 
 veflcl ; in which the other articles from the oven were put. 
 together with fome hot ftones, in order to make the 
 contents finimer. Three or four pcrfons were em- 
 ployed in ftirring up the feveral ingredients, till they 
 were pcrfcdiy incorporated, and the mice of the cocoa- 
 nut was turned toow; and, atlaft, the whole mnb was 
 nearly of the confiftency of a hafty pudding. Sqme 
 of thefc puddings are excellent, and few that we make 
 in England equal them. This being made, and the 
 hog bakdd, they, together with two living hogs, fomo 
 bread-fruit, and cocoa-nuts, were feht on n>ara the Re^ 
 folution, followed by Otoo, ana all the royal family.' 
 
 Friday the 5th, in the.evening, a young ram of the 
 cape breed, and carefully brought up on board our fhip; 
 was killed by a doe; an accident the more regretted, 
 by its being the onl^r one we had of that kind, and one 
 only of the Englifh breed was now remaining. On 
 the 7 th, at the clofe of day, we exhibited fome fire- 
 works, before a vaft concourfe of people, matny of 
 whom were highly entertained, but the greater number 
 were much terrified with the exhibition; infohiuch, 
 that they could hardlv be prevailed on to keep toother, 
 to the conclufion of the entertainment. A tslble rocket 
 was thelaft. It flew oiF the table, and difpcrfed the 
 whol: crowd in an inftant ; even the itioft refblute of 
 them flew with the utmoft precipiration. On Nlonday, 
 the 8th, a party of us dined with Oedidee, who maae 
 the trip. t6 the fouthward with .aptain Cook, in his 
 former voyage. Our tablr ..as furnifhcd plentifully 
 with fiftiof divers forts, and pork. Th6 ht'gt which 
 weighed about thirty pounds, was alive, dreifca, arid oii 
 the table, within the hour. Soon after we had dined, 
 Otoo came to us, and afked the Captain, if his belly 
 was full? who anfwered in the affirmative. "Thcrt 
 come along with me," faid Otoo. The Captain at- 
 tended him to his father's, where he faw feveral people 
 emplmred in drefling twogirls, with fine cloth, after a 
 very fingular fiifhion. 'There were feveral pieces, one 
 end of each was held over the heads of the girls, 
 while the remainder was wrapped round their bodies 
 under the arm-pits. The upper ends were then let 
 fall, and hui^ in folds to the ground, over the other, 
 fo as to bear fome refemblance to a circular hoop-pet- 
 ticoat: laftly. round the outlide of all, were wrapped 
 feveral pieces of cloth, of various colours, which con. 
 fiderably increafed thefize; itbeiiu five or fix yards in 
 circuit; and the weight of this lingular attire was as 
 much as the poor gins could well fupport "To each 
 w^ hung two uamees, or bieaft-pUtes, in order to. 
 embellifh the whole, and give it a pidhirefque appear- 
 ance. Thus equipped, they were taken on board, to. 
 gether with feveral ht^gt, and a quantity of fruit, the 
 whole beinga prefenttoour Comnoonder from Otoo's 
 fiither. Thofe who are drefi*ed in this manner, are 
 called alee; but, this ceremony is never performed, 
 
 except 
 
 Hi 
 
 t .. 
 
 i rf 
 
 ! 
 
 i| 
 
i; 
 
 III 
 
 49» 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I 
 
 J. it 
 
 m 
 
 11: 
 
 ':-H 
 
 If : 
 
 except where large prefcnts of cloth arc to be made. 
 We never faw it praiflifcd upon any other occafion t 
 but, both Capuin Cook and Captain Clarke had cloth 
 prcfented them afterwards wrapped round the bearers 
 in the fame manner. On the ^th, we received a pre- 
 lent of five hogs, and fome fruit, from Otooi and one 
 hog, and fome fruit from each of his fleers. Other 
 provifions were alfo in abundance i and great quantj. 
 ties of mackarel having been caught by the natives, for 
 two or three days fucccinvcly, fome of them were fold 
 at the tents, ana in the (hips ( indeed, Ocoo was equally 
 attentive, to fupply our wants, and contribute to our 
 amufement. On the lOth he treated a party of us at 
 Oparree withaplav; in which his three ufters were 
 again performers, having each of them new and very 
 elegant drefles. This day Captain Cook went to fee an 
 cnnbalmed corpfe, near the refldencc of Otoo. On en- 
 quiry, it was found to be the remains of Tee, a chief 
 well known to him, when he lall vifitcd this idand. It 
 was lying in an elegant toopapaoo, in all refpeds fimilar 
 to that at Oheitepcha, in which the remains of Wa> 
 lieiadooa are depoflted. We found the body was un- 
 der cover, withm the toopapaoo, and wrapped up in 
 cloth. At the Captain's defire, the perfon who had 
 the care of1t, brought it out, and placed it on a kind 
 of bier, fo as to allow a jperfcdl view of it. The corpfe 
 having been thus exhibited, he ornamented the place 
 with mats and cloths, difbofcd in fuch a manner as to 
 produce a pleaflng effca. The bodv was entire in 
 every part i putreisuflion feenmd hardly to be begun : 
 and not the lead difagrecablc fmell proceeded from it; 
 though this is one of the hotted climates, and Tee had 
 been dead above four months. There was, indeed, a 
 flirinkinc of the mufcular parts and eyes, but the hair 
 and nails were in their original date, and the fevcral 
 Joints were pliable. On enquiry into the method of 
 thus prcferving their dead bodies, we were informed, 
 thatfoon after[they are dead, they are difcmbowelled, by 
 drawing out the intedines, and other vifcera; afr:r which 
 the whole cavity ii» duffed with cloth; that, when any 
 moidUre appeared, it was immediately dried up, and the 
 bodies rubbed all over with perfumed cocoa-nut oil, 
 which, frequently repeated, preferyed them feveral 
 months ; after which they moulder iway gradually. Omiah 
 told us, that the bodies of all their great men, who die a 
 natural death, are thus prcferved,and expofed to public 
 view a confiderable time after. At fird, they are exhi- 
 bited every fine day, afterwards the intervals become 
 ereater,andatladthcyarefeldomtobe feen. In thccven- 
 ingwe took leave of Otoo, and departed from Oparree. 
 On Friday the 1 2th, all the royal frmily, except the 
 king himfelf, honoured us with a v'lfit. The chief, 
 they faid, was gone to Attahooroo, to adid at another 
 hiiinan facrificc, fent from Tiaraboo, to be odered up 
 at the Moral, This fecond indance, within fo diort a 
 period, was a melancholy proof, that the vidims of this 
 ploody fu{)erdition are very numerous among this hu- 
 mane people. The Captain would have been prefent 
 at this facrificc alfo, had he been earlier informed of 
 it, but now i: was lOo late. For the fame reafon, he 
 mifled being at a public tranfadlion, the preceding day, 
 when the king, with great folemnity, redored to the 
 adherents of the late king Tootaha, the lands and pof- 
 fefllons, of which, after his death, they had been dc- 
 
 E rived. On the 1 3th Otoo returned from exercifing 
 is royal duties; and on the 14th, we were honoured 
 with his company, when the two Captains, for the fird 
 timc,mounU'd on horfcback, and rode round the plain of 
 Matavai, to the adonifliment of a vad train of fpec- 
 tators, who gazed upon them with as much furprife as 
 i^ they had been centaurs, fioth the horfe and mare 
 were in good cafe, and looked extremely well. What 
 the Captains had began was repeated daily, by one or 
 other of our people J and yet the curiofity of the na- 
 tives continued unabated. After they had feen and un- 
 derdood the life of thefc noble animals, they were ex- 
 ceedingly delighted with them ; atid we were of opi- 
 nion', that they conveyed to them a better idea of the 
 greatnefs of other nations, than all the novelties that 
 had hitherto been carried among them. On the 15 th, 
 2 
 
 Etarv, orOlla, tb'-goilof Bolabola, removed from our 
 neighbourhood to Oparree, attended by fevcral failing 
 canoes. It was faid, Otoo did not approve of his be- 
 ing fo near our dation, where his people could conve- 
 niently invade our property. Otoo, we acknowledge, 
 took every prudent method to prevent thefts and r^- 
 beries, and it was owing princinally to his regulations 
 that fo few were committed. He had crededa fmall 
 houfe or two behind our pod, and two others near our 
 tents, between the river and the fea. Some of his 
 people kept watch continually at all thofe places ; and 
 as his father redded ufually on Matavai Point, we were, 
 in a manner, furrounded by them. They not only de- 
 fended us in the night from thieves, but they had an 
 opportunity of oblcrving every thing that palTed in 
 the day, and were ready to receive contributions from 
 fuch girls, as were privately conneded with our people, 
 which was ufually done e»ery momingi fo that the 
 mcafures he had taken to fccure our mcty, anfwered 
 the more efTential purpofe of enlarging his own prodts. 
 Otoo acquainted Captain Cook, that nis prefence was 
 required at Oparree, wherean audience waste be given 
 to the great pcrfonagc from Bolabola, and ('efired hii 
 company thither. The Captain confented rcailily, ex- 
 pecting to meet with fomething deferving of notice. 
 
 Accordingly, Tuefday the 1 6th, our party, among 
 whom was Mr. Anderfon, fet out. Nothing; however, 
 occurred, that was intereding or curious. Erary and 
 his followers prefented fome coarfe cloth, and hogs, to 
 Otoo. with a fet fpeech. After this, a confultation was 
 held between them and fome other chiefs, about their 
 expedition to Eimeo. Etary, at fird, difapproved of 
 it ; but his objcdlions were, at length, over-ruled. U ap- 
 peared, indeed, the next day, it was too late to deliberate 
 on this bufincfs; for Towha, Potatou, and another chief, 
 had already gone on the expedition, with the dcct of 
 Attahooroo; and, in the evening, a meiTenger arrived 
 with intelligence, that they had reached EimeO; that 
 there had Men fome fltirmidies ;' but that the lofs, or 
 advantage, on either fide, had been very incondderable. 
 On the 1 8th^ in the morning, Captain Cook, Mr. An- 
 derfon, and Omiah, went again to Oparree, accompa- 
 nied by Otoo, taking with them the fheep which the 
 Captain intended to leave upon the ifland. Thefc were 
 an Englifh ram and ewe, and three Cape ewes, all which 
 the Captain made a prefent of to Otoo. Ea£h of the 
 three cows had taken the bull ; he therefore thought ic 
 advifeable to divide them, and carry one part toUTietea. 
 With this view he ordered them to be brought before 
 him, and propofed to Etary, that if he would leave his 
 Spanidi bull with Otoo, he diould have o{ir Efiglidi 
 bull and one of ' he cows. To this propofd Etary, 
 at fird, darted fome objediom; but, at lad, agreed to 
 it. However, as the cattle were putting into the boat, 
 one of Etary's followers oppdfed the making any ex- 
 change whatever. Upon tnis, and the Captain fufpecl;- 
 ing, that Etary had agtced to the arrangement, for the 
 prefent, only to pleafe him, he droppea the idea of an 
 exchange ; and determined dnally to leave them all 
 with Otoo; whom he dtidly enjoined not to fufTer 
 them to be removed from Oparree, till he dioiild have 
 got a dock of young ones j which he might then dif* 
 pofe of to his friends, or fend to the neighbouring 
 idands. This matter being fettled, our gentlemen left 
 Etary, and attended Oroo to another place, not far dif- 
 tant, where they found the fervants of a chief, waiting 
 with a hog, a pig, and a dog, a prefent from their maU 
 ter to the king. Thcfe were delivered^ with tte ufual 
 ceremonies, and an harargue, in which the fpeaker en- 
 quired ader the health of Otoo, and of all his principal 
 people. This compliment was re-echoed in the name 
 of Otoo, by one of hisminiders; and then- the difpute 
 with Eimeo was formally difcufled. The deputies of 
 the chief were advocates for profecuting the war with 
 vigour, adviling Otoo to offer a human iacrifiee on the 
 occafion. Another chief, who condantlyattcnding th(i 
 perfon of Otoo, took the other lide of the quediontiind 
 fupported his opinion agaiirft a -war, with great drength 
 of argument. Otoo received a pealed iiieftiigcs from 
 Town^, urging him to hadcn to his alTillancc'; and the 
 
 Captain 
 
 n- ! 
 
lovcd from our 
 feveral failing 
 rove of his be- 
 e could convc. 
 ; acknowledge, 
 hefu and rob. 
 hit regulations 
 en£tta a fmali 
 Dthcn near our 
 
 Some of his 
 )fe places ; and 
 Point, we were, 
 cy not only de- 
 It they had an 
 that paflcd in 
 ributions from 
 'ith our people, 
 igt fo that the 
 ifety, anfwcred 
 !iis own profits. 
 s prcfcncc was 
 vas to be given 
 md (lefired his 
 cd readily, ex-* 
 ig of notic!c. 
 r party, among 
 :hing; however, 
 js. £tary and 
 I, and hogs, to 
 snfultation was 
 :fs, about their 
 difapproved of 
 cr~ruled. h ap< 
 ite to deliberate 
 i another chief, 
 ith the fleet of 
 flenger arrived 
 d EimeOi that 
 lat the lots, or 
 inconfidcrablc. 
 rook, Mr. An- 
 ree, accompa- 
 rep which the 
 d. Thefc were 
 ewes, all which 
 
 Eaehof the 
 forethought ic 
 part to Uiietea. 
 brought before 
 would leave his 
 ve our Englifli 
 >ropofal Etary, 
 laft, agreed to 
 ; into the boat, 
 flaking any ex- 
 Captain fufpecl- 
 jcmcnt, for the 
 the idea of an 
 leave thetn all 
 I not to fuifer 
 he (hotild Have 
 might then Mif- 
 z neighbouring 
 rgcntTcmcnlere 
 ace, not far dtf> 
 1 chief, waiting 
 from their mai- 
 with tlw ufual 
 the fpeaker en- 
 ill his principal 
 rd in the name 
 hen- the difpute 
 rhe deputies of 
 Ig the war with 
 kicrificc on the 
 ly attending thd 
 ic quciliontimd 
 :h great flrcngth 
 
 iiiclliigcs from 
 
 itluncc-j and the 
 
 Captain 
 

 Si!' 
 
it 
 
 
 11 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 •5 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 V: 
 
 H , 
 
 
 tr 
 
 nf-t'l 
 
 i. '■ 
 
 ^A 
 
III! 
 
 i 
 
 \m 
 
 r,^ 
 
 \ 
 
 .> 
 ^ 
 
 r,-' 
 
 .^ 
 
COOK'i THIKD «f.(J I.ASi V'OyA'.l.-Ii. il.c I'ACinc OCEAN, fici 
 
 493 
 
 u; 
 y 
 
 > 
 
 V 
 
 .> 
 
 ^ 
 .$ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 %■* 
 
 w 
 
 .^ 
 
 C;ipiain mu* now <onvincrd ihst he m vrr fiinrnl hear- 
 tily inio the fpirit of thii w«r. ILivint; iJimil «iih 
 Otdo, our |Mity returned toMntaval. llJVln^5 hiiii «t 
 Oparrce. 
 
 On Friday, the 19th, v/e were very fj>aringly Tupplied 
 with fruit, at wc had been the tlay Utdrc. Oioo l)eing 
 informed of thii, he, and hit brother, who had |>arti- 
 rulariy attached himfcif toCiuuain C'Irrkr, tanlc from 
 Oparree, with a large fupply lor both lliip*. Next «lav, 
 the 20th, all the royal family came with pirfcnt*, fu 
 that now we had more provilioni than wc loiiUl 
 eonfunie. Our water and wixxl h.ivin)^ liecii aln-.idy 
 taken on hoani, nothing rniMinrd hut to Orike the 
 tcntk, and brmg utF the minus liclonKJng to the olKu ei » 
 and men who were Ibtioneclon Ihorei and thr ('<im- 
 iiiodore be{{an to think of quitting the ilbml, that he 
 might have ful^kicnt time for viTiting othim in the 
 neighbourhood. We therefore removed our obfi-rva- 
 toriea i«nd inllrutncnta from the Ihore, and bent the 
 fails. Several of the failon bcin^; very dcfiruui to (\ty 
 at Ouheitc, Ot<x) interefled himfvit in their behalf, 
 and endeavoured to prevail on Captain Cook to grant 
 their reqiieft 1 but he rejcdied perciiiptorily ever) ap- 
 plication of that kind, though often repeated 1 nor 
 would he fuftef anv of the natives to rnter on board, 
 though many would gladly have accompanied us m here 
 ever wc intended to fail, and that um) nftcr thiy were 
 afTured, that we never intended to vifit their country 
 am' more. Some of ihc women nlfo would have fol- 
 lowed their Ehoonoas, or Pretannc hulliaiul!>, tould 
 they have been permitted) but our Commander w.is 
 equally averfe to the taking any of the naJves away, an 
 to the leaving any of our own people behind. He wn.s 
 fcnfiblc, that vi hen once cloyctl with enjoyment, they 
 would reciprocally pine for home, to whieh it would 
 not be in their power to return 1 and that for a little 
 prcTcnt gratification, rhey would rif^iuc the hup|>iiicfs 
 of the remaining part of their lives. The king, when 
 he found he could not obtain his wilhes in this rcfpc<5>, 
 applied to Captain Cook for another favour, wnich 
 was, to allow our carpenters to make him a chclt, or 
 prefi. to fecurc the treaf^jrcs he had accumulutcd in 
 prelcnts : he even begged , that a bed might be placed 
 in it, where he intended to (leeo. This rcqueil the 
 Captain readily granted ; and w liile the workmen were 
 employed, in making this uncommon piece of furni- 
 ture, they were plentifully fupplied with barbicued hogs, 
 and fucn dainties as the country afforded, and were fo 
 carefully attended and protcded, that they tlid not lofc 
 fo much as a Angle nail. It was fomc of thefe work- 
 men that Otoo was fo dcfirous to retain i but they were 
 of too much conrc«(uence on board to be parted with, 
 had there been no other motive forbringing them away; 
 nor was Otoo much concerned about the departure of 
 the refl. While he was conflant in attending the opc- 
 ratioiu of our carpenters, Omiah had frequent confer* 
 cnccs with him, on the fubied of his travels. He aflo- 
 nifhcd him more by the relation he gave of the magni- 
 ficence of the Moraia in Pretanne, than by all the u on- 
 drn with which he had before furprized him. When 
 he told him thaf the king's moral wasopcn to all coiners, 
 and that the perfons of^the dcceafed Kings were to be 
 feen u pcrfed to appearance as when in the vigour of 
 youth, ne feemcdto lament, that his date of exigence 
 waa to be limited with his life ; and that his remains 
 were to perilh, while hiy Moral prefcrved no memorial, 
 that he nad ever had a being. Omiah endeavoured to 
 imprefa him with an idea of the magnificence of the 
 tombs of the dead that were to be feen in the morals of 
 Preunne; but having nothing to compare them to, 
 he waa unable to make himfelf fufticiently undernood; 
 nor waa he more fuccefsful in defcribing th: folenin 
 grandeur of the place* of public worfhip, where the 
 people aflembled every feventh day, and at other ftated 
 timet, to oflfer up their prayen to the good fpirit. Of 
 the fplendor of the theatres he could fpcak more in- 
 telligibly. When Omiah told Otoo of the magnitude 
 of the palaces, and houfet, in Pretanncj of their de- 
 corations and furniture; of the extent of their pianta- 
 No. 60. 
 
 tutl\^• jnd the ituilritude of livinj; anitn.ili «iili «i uh 
 the) were (lockeil 1 he lillcned to him with \h< iiliar .it- 
 trntion, as not doubting the truth of hi> r«lanoh, but 
 when he attemitteil todefcrihethe roads, ami the rspi- 
 dity With which people travel in i arnagci drawn by 
 four footed animals, he feemed all amazemmr; no child 
 coukl ever expref* greater furprizc at (Jullivrr'n ira>el- 
 ling to the moon onganzai, thanOoo, when Omiah a(. 
 furetl him, they couKI traVerfe an cxtrtir of ground 
 equal to the whole length of the ifland of < '.ihntr. In a 
 llngic day. 
 
 On Sunday the JiO, (Voo came on hoanl. t.. inform 
 us, that thcwarcancKiiof Miravai, and df three other 
 iMtWU, were gomg to join thofel)clonging to ()[)arrre, 
 and that part «)t the idand, where there would be a |'c- 
 neral review. The fqua<lron of Matavai was Lnm in 
 motion, and after parading (or fomc time aKnit the 
 bay, alfembled afhorc, near the itiiddle of It. Canraiii 
 C«iok now went in hii boat to take a furvcy of it. i\hat 
 theycalltheir war canoes, which are tholi; with Ibgcs 
 whereon they light, amount to about 60 in niimbert 
 and there are nearly as many more of a linaller )i/e. 
 The Captam was ready to have attended them t<i 
 Oparree i but the chiefs refolved that they would not 
 move till the next day. This hapjKned to be a (miii- 
 natcdelayi as it afforded him an opportunity of getting 
 fomc infight into their manner of nghting. I Ic there- 
 fore de fired Ot«K» to give orders, that fimie ol 'hem 
 Diould go through the iiecefTary man^i uvut. A( cord- 
 ingly two of them were ordered out intothebnyj m one 
 o( which Oto \ Captain Cook, and Mr. King em- 
 barked, and Oniirih went onlxurd the oth. 1. As foon 
 as they had got fiiflic ient fca-room, they faced, ad- 
 vancec), and retreatetl by turns, as quick as their lowers 
 couLI paddle In the mean time, the warriors on the 
 flagcs Houriflird their weapons, and plaved a variety of 
 antic tricks, which could anfwcrno other purpofethan 
 that of routing their paflions, to prepare them for 
 theonfet. Otoo flood by the fide of^onc flagc, givin' 
 the neccfrar)f orders when to advance, and when to re- 
 treat. Greatjudgnicnt, and a very quick eye fcerm to be 
 rcquitite in this department, to feizc every advantage, 
 and to avoid every difadvantage. At length the two 
 canoes clofed flagc to llagc; and after a fcverc, though 
 fliort conflidk, all the troops on Otoo'a flagc were fup- 
 
 Kfcd to be killed, and Omiah „nd his afTociatcs 
 arded them ; when inflantly Otoo, and the paddlers in 
 his canoe, leaped into the fea, as if reduced to the iic- 
 eeflity of prefcrving their lives by fwimming. Bur, 
 according to Omiah's rcprefentation, their naval en- 
 gagements arc not always conduded in this manner: 
 for they fometimes lafh the two vcflels tog(:ther he?.J to 
 bead, and fight 'ill all the warriors on one fide or the 
 other are killed t yet this clofe combat i* never prac- 
 tifcd, except when the contending parties arc deter- 
 mined to conquer, or die. Indeed, in this inllance, 
 one or the other mull infallibly happcni for they never 
 give quarter, unlefs it be to refcrvc their prifoners for a 
 more cruel death the day follow ing. All the power 
 and ftrength of the Society Iflands lie folely in their 
 navies. A general engagement on land we never heard 
 of; and all their decifivc adliona are on the water. 
 When the time and place of battle are fixed by both 
 parties, the preceding day and night are fpent in feafl- 
 mg and divcrfions. When the day dawns, they launch 
 the canoes, njakc every neccfTary preparation, and with 
 the day begin the battle; the fate of which, in general, 
 decides the difpute. The vanquifhed endeavour to fave 
 thcmfclvcs by a precipitate flight; andthofe who reach 
 the (hore fly, with their friends, to the mountains; for 
 the vidrrs, before their fury abates, fpare rteither the 
 aged, women, nor children. They aQeijnblc the next 
 day, at the Moral, to return thanks to the Eatooa for the 
 vittory, and offer th'.re the flain and the prifoners, as 
 facrifices. A treavy is then fet on foot; and the con- 
 querors obtain uiiially their own terms; whereby large 
 diflrids of land, and even whole iflands, fometimes 
 change their proprietors and maltera. Omiah faid he 
 was once taken prifoner by the men of Bolabola, and 
 6 1 conduded 
 
49+ 
 
 C«pt. COOK'« VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ■» I 
 
 i ! 
 
 y^i-t 
 
 
 111 
 
 f 1 ■ ; 
 
 
 h. 
 
 
 rll 
 
 
 ,!'-|: 
 
 
 W' «1 
 
 
 flilB' 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 condat^od to that ifland, where he, And •many others 
 woiitdihsMC Tuffcrcd death the next .4l«y.,jiad they not 
 *baen fortunate enough to efcape •in <the night. 
 
 When the mock>tight was concluded, Oiniah<put on 
 liis fuit of armour, nnounted a Rage in one of the cot 
 4ioes, and, thus equipped, was paddled all along the 
 ihoreof the bay, tbat every one might have a pcrfvd 
 view of him. .His coat of mail, however, did not .en- 
 gage the attcntten of the multitude fo much sis .was ex- 
 pcaed : the novelty being in a great dcgrse loft *ipon 
 fome of them, who had Ken it before ; and thote were 
 othen, who had conceived fuch a difiikf to iOlaiiah. 
 irom his folly and imprudeocciit this .(Jlacc, chat they 
 would hnidly iofiiii at tmy 4lhiiv «hat v*& exhibiiad iby 
 )iia>»JhoiHevor ^ii|guUir and 4ic(w. This dsy aoticc had 
 beeaci%mi^oOtoo ef our intentions to Isul with the 
 firftfair wind ; in confcquence of which on the 23 nd, 
 in the morning, he came on board, delirw^ to i(now 
 when wc propofedKto depart, and, at the (ame timcicx- 
 prclTcd great concern at our fuddcn rcfelutioo. He 
 Drought with hyn hogs, fruit, autd other valuable uro- 
 du<3ioxM jof <he iHaad. No people on canh could ex- 
 prels tNeir |p«titude with more (coqaii^ fiRCcrity and 
 OMdialio; t&n thic king and his chiefs, for the prefents 
 they had ncdwod, oor were «ur commander and AtQ- 
 cers wanting is fiiitable cetums. The Captain iiaving 
 heard of theKbeai^ a^ood harbour at Eimeo, had in- 
 R>nned Otoo and his party, that he would vifit that 
 Hiand in his paflagc to Huaheiae; and (hey propofed 
 now to accompany him, and that their fleet (hould fai^ 
 ft the fame time, to reinforce Ti»m ha. Being neady to 
 take our dqiarture, the Captain fubmittcd to them the 
 appointiTvcnt of the day. The W«diiicfiJay followirig 
 Vii /uted.upon, when he was to receiv£ An hoiird Otoo, 
 his fatbcff mother, and the whole family. Thefc poinu 
 fettled. C^>tai9 Cooknropo(cd fcttingout immeoiatey 
 for Opvnee, where aU me fleet »'»» to altbmble this 
 day, in order to be reviewed. But as he was getting 
 into his boat, news arrived, that a treaty had been con.- 
 eluded between Towha and Maheinc, and that Touha's 
 fleet had returned to Attahoonoo, From this uqey, 
 ped^ event, thr war canoes, infteadof rendezvoufit^ 
 9t Qpairec, wece ordered to their rcfpcAivc diflrids. 
 Captain Cook, .however, followed Otoo to Oparrcc, 
 accompanied .fay Mr. King and Omiab^ 6oon after 
 their arrival, a mcflcnger from Eimeo made known the 
 conditions of the peace, or rather truce, it being only 
 for a limited tinte. The terms being difajjvantsgcous 
 to Otaheitt;, Otoo was cenfured fevercly, who((: delay. 
 i| was &id> in fending reinforcements, had obliged 
 Towha to &bnut to a difgraceful accommodation. It 
 Wis, at the lame time, ovrently reported, that Towha, 
 refcnting (he treatment he had received, had declared, 
 that immediately after our departure, he »«uld join 
 his forces to thofe of Tiaraboo, and «tuck Otoo. Thif 
 called upon the Captain to declare, that he was deter.- 
 mined to cfpoufe the intereft of his friend ; and that 
 whoever prefumed to attack him, by any combination 
 ^f parties, (hould experience the weight of hit difplca.- ^ 
 lure, when he returned ro that iflanu- Thi« declara^ ' 
 tion, 'pmbably, ha.d the dcfircd el&<^{ for^ if Towha 
 did cnteruin ary dch hodik ifltention at firft, we heard 
 no more of the report. Whappai, the father of Otoo, 
 highly difapproved ,of the peace* and cpnfured Towha 
 for concludii^ it. This old chief wifely., confidered, 
 that Captain Cook's going with them to hinw), mifht 
 have been of fingukar fervice to their caule, thmuh he 
 iQioijId not take an adlive part in the quarrel. He there 
 fore concluded, that Otoo had «4led prudently in waiting 
 for Ihf Citptgin. though it prevented hisgivinjg that varly 
 afllftancf to Towh» which he expcAed.. While wc 
 were difcourfuig on this fubjed, a meffenger arrived 
 from Towha, defirjng the attendance of Otoo the next 
 day, at the moral in AtuhoQnio^ to return thanks to 
 the Eatooa for the peace he had concluded* Captain 
 Pook't company was requeued { kut, baing much out 
 of order, (:hofe to decline attending tbcm. Pcflriwa, 
 however, of knowing what ceramony might he exhi- 
 bited on fuch an occafion,,he fent Mr. King and Otniah 
 tQ Qbfcrvc the particular;, wd returned on boaxd, st 
 
 tended bydtoo's mother, his three lifters, and fcveral 
 other women. A 1 lirft the Cnptain imagined that this 
 numerous tnu'i > amc into hispoat, in order to ^ct a 
 patfage to Mat.uni. Cut th»y alPurcd him, they in- 
 tended paflin^ thh- night on board, for the purpo(c yf 
 curing thedilorJcr he complained Of; which was a rheu- 
 matic pin, wuiUiuv; frou> llvr h\p to the fyot. Ht 
 accepted <hc frkndly oHVr, had a bcjil prcjwcd f«|- 
 them upon rhe K:abin Hour, and fubiniUt^d niinfclf to 
 their direClions. He was lirft dclircd to lie down 
 among then I When all thofe who could get ncnr him, 
 began to fquecce him wjth both hands ull over the 
 body, but moiic particularly on the parts complained 
 of. till thoy onade bis hsiics crack, and his flcOi became 
 almoft a munm^.. In fhorj:, after fjittVinj; this fcvcrc 
 difcipline, about a quarter of an hour, he was happy to 
 get away from thoinj The operation, how/:ver,gavc hiw 
 immediate relief, and encouraged him to undergo a 
 repetition of the fame difcipline, before he retired to 
 bei; and it was fo efledua), that he found himfcU' 
 pr«t«y ca^y the wholp night aftcr^ His female phyfi- 
 cians Mcry obiligind^ repeated their prefcription the 
 nei^ Tnorning, befpic they kft hiim, and again in the 
 evening, when they returned 1 after which the cure be- 
 ing per&Aed, they ft** their leave of fh,c Captain the 
 foltoui«g mQrning> This is called by the natives ro^ 
 I9ee, an ojteration far exceeding that of the flefli-bruflv 
 or any exterjial fridUon/. Jt i« iinlverfaliy practiced 
 antongthefe idanuers. Captain Watiis, «ind his firll 
 Lieutenant, had the fame operation pcrl'ormcd upon 
 f hem^ If at any time, a perfon appears languid and tired, 
 and fos down by any of them, they pru«^cc the romcQ 
 upon his kg;, and italways has an eicceedinggood effect 
 On Thurfday the 25th, Otoo, Mr. King, ajidOniiat^ 
 returned from Attahooroo ; and Mr. Kiiig &voured us 
 with a narrative of what he had fcen to tbe following 
 purport. " At fun-fet, we embarked m a canoe, ana' 
 left Opar<Ye, Ahout nine o'clock, we landed at that 
 extremity of Tettaha, which joins to Attahooroou 
 The meeting of Otoo and Towha, I expedcd would be 
 interefting. Otoo^ and his attendants, featcd them> 
 felves on the beach, near the canoe in which Towha 
 fat. He was then afleepj hut being awakened, and 
 Otoo's naoie mentioned to him, a plantain tree and dog 
 were iramiediately laid at Otoo'.s toet; and feveral pf 
 Towha's people cansc and converfbd with him. After 
 I had been, for fome time, feated clofe to Otoo, Towha 
 neither flirring from hiji canoe, nor faying aiiy thing to 
 us. 1 repaired to him. He alkcd me, jf Tooic wa« 
 difplcaled with him? 1 anfwetcd no; that he was hi* 
 taio; and that 1 was ordered to repair to Attahooroo, to 
 let him know it. Omiah then entered into.a longcon- 
 verfation with this chief, but I could not gather anf 
 information from him. On my returning to Otoo^ 
 he defircd that 1 would go to eat, and then to Hecp; in 
 confequence of which Omiah and 1 left him. On my 
 queftioning Omiah on that head, he faid, Towha was 
 lame, and therefore could not ftir; but that he and Otoo 
 would Ibon convciie in private. This was probablj^ 
 true; for thofe we left with Otoo came to us in a little 
 time; and about ten minutes after, Ofoo himfelf ar- 
 rived, when we all vent to (leep in his canoe. The 
 next morning the ava was in great pb^nty- One inaa 
 drank to fuch exccfs that he loft hn^nfes, and ap^ 
 peared co be convulfed. He was heldp^ two men, who 
 tiuficd themfelvesin pluckii^ off hii hair b^.tKe rootsl- 
 I left this fpedlaclc to fee a more alfe^inig bnf j it was < 
 the meeting of Towha and his wife, with a young girl, . 
 win wa« faid to be his daughter. After the ' ceremony 
 of cutting their headi, anddiichaigiiw; plenty of blooa 
 and tt»rs, they wafhcid, embraced the chief, and ap. 
 peated Dcrfedly' unconcerned. But thevoung girfM 
 fufhrilwi were not yet concluded, Teirridtri ^jeerea'^s 
 fon)arpv^i and flie, with great compofure, hmated 
 thole (j«fnnoRies to him, whieh (he hadjuft per- 
 fonmed oil meeting her father. Towha having brought 
 In a war canoe from Eindeo, I Inouited if he fnd killed 
 the pCofUc belongii^ to her, and was iiifbnnctf, that 
 there wat not a Angle perfon in her when (he was cap-> 
 tured. About ten o'<l«:k we left Trttaha, and landed 
 
 clof« 
 
C'OOK's THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 495 
 
 and fcvcnil 
 rd that this 
 cr 10 get a 
 1, they in- 
 ptirpu(b or 
 was 9 rhcH- 
 fyot. Ht 
 ■qwcd fok 
 
 I niinfplf to 
 9 tic *]own 
 
 noir him, 
 
 II over the 
 complained 
 kOi became 
 ;xhis fcvcrc 
 as happy to 
 er,gavc htm 
 
 undergo f 
 t l^irol to 
 lod himfcU' 
 male phjli- 
 ription the 
 gain in the 
 hcturc be- 
 "aptaLo the 
 natives ro- 
 flcfli-btufli, 
 !y practiced 
 iid his firit 
 )rmi;d upon 
 id and tired, 
 c the romct; 
 good effect 
 ajidOmiah, 
 favoured u$ 
 je ibilowing 
 canoe, ana' 
 idcd at ^hat 
 Attahooroo, 
 cd would be 
 Mted thcra- 
 hi-Ch Towha 
 ikened, and 
 titeanddog 
 d feveral pf 
 h\m. After 
 (too, "fowh* 
 any thing to 
 F Toorc wa« 
 he was his 
 rtafumroo, to 
 }a tongcoD- 
 [ gather anf 
 ig to Otoo, 
 toflecp: in 
 m. On my 
 Towba «u 
 he and Otoo 
 vas probablJK 
 u» bi a iittlc 
 himfelf ar- 
 :anoe. The 
 , One inao 
 fcs, and ao- 
 w'o men, woo 
 i^ tKe roots:- 
 bfiTf it was 
 lyming girl,, 
 le ceremony 
 my of bloo4 
 lief, and ar^ 
 vouiig girra 
 liri (Oberea'a 
 lire, jrep^ted 
 ladjuft pef- 
 vingbroMg^t 
 te&dkilTed 
 fonmtf, that 
 |w was cap- 
 , and landed 
 clofe 
 
 clofc to the Monti of Attahooroo, early in the after- 
 noon. Three canoes lay hauled upon the beach, .op- 
 politc the Moral, having thwe hqgs in each. We 
 cxpeiitcd thefblemnity would have been performed the 1 
 fame, afternoons but nothrng waB dooc, ae neither 
 ToWha nor Poutou had joined u«'. A chief came 
 frbni Eimeo with a fmaH pig. and * plantain urec, which 
 Ale ,pfaced at Otoo's feet. They converted Joanc lime 
 together, and the Eimeo chief often repeating the woitfs 
 ».varry, warry, " falfc," Otoo A*as probably luilating 40 
 him what heliad.he^rd, jiadthc other con«fadi(S««r it. 
 TW next day, Towha an^Potatou,' withievenorcight 
 latgc canciei, arrtved^ and'landed near the Moral. Sc- 
 vcnilplaiitaiin trees were brought to Otoo, on beharlf <of 
 different chiefs. Towha remained in his canoe. 1^ 
 ceremony cbnimenced, bv the principal prieft bring- 
 ing out the Maro, wnyiped vp, aoi 3. buncUe of a coi^tc 
 iliape. ITheu: were filautd at the head of what 1 fup- 
 poied t» 'be a grave. Then three prieff« fat down at 
 irtie other <nd of the grave J having with ihem a plan- 
 itain tree, a branch ofTorac«Kher Kuid of tree, Jind the \ 
 Iheath of the fldwerof the cocoa-nut. The prieftsfe- 1 
 paratcly tqxated fcntcnces ; and.at iaterval^ Jtw'o, fonie- 
 cimes three, dhantcd a melancholy lay, «ei]^, little au 
 tended to by the nativee. This kind of jxcuutive con- 
 CUiueil Jicar ao hou;-. Then, a&or a ilwrt prayer, the 
 <!hief prleff uncovered the mafo, and Otoo xofe up^ 
 wrappingit about him,and holdingin his hand ji. bonnet, 
 ■compofed of the red feathers of the tropic hird,xnixed 
 wuh«ther hiackifh feathers. He (load oppblitc the 
 three prices, wlie continued their prayers for about tjea 
 dtnnutes; when a man riling fuddcnly from ih^ crowd, 
 faid fomething ending with neiva! and tbepeopic echo- 
 ed back to him three thnes £aree3 tw ooinpaity 
 Chen repaired to<the oppofite lide of alai^ pficof ffones, 
 where is the kliitf'cinsrai ; which is net much unlike aJa^ge 
 |{rave. Here Ae (ame-eoreiofiony was again per&hucd, 
 and ended with three cheers. The maro was now 
 wrapped up, and ornamented by the addition of a fmaU 
 piece of red feathers. The people proceeded m a laigi; 
 ntit, near the Mocai, where they Usaed thcmfelves in 
 fdemn order. An oration was -made % a onan of Ti^ 
 traboo, which ended in about ten miitutcs. tie w» 
 foflowed "by a^othor of Atuhoorob: Potatou ijpoke 
 nett, and whh much moic fluency and grace than any* 
 of them. Tboteo. Otoo's orator exhibited afiier him, 
 and thea a man frooa Eimeo. Sontc odicr fpecches 
 were made, but not attended to. Omiah faid, that the 
 iiibffancc'of dichr Ipeechcs recommended fricndlhip, 
 (md iior fighting j but as many of the Ipeakcts ex- 
 prt^ed ihemfdvei with great warmth, there were, per- 
 hapt, fdme recriminations, and preteffations of their 
 future good intendona. In the midff of their haran- 
 gues, a man of Attahooroo rofe up, having a fling faf- 
 cened to his waiff, and a laige ftone upon Tils ijioulder. 
 After parading for about mteeii minutes in the oipen 
 fpaccf, and chanting a few (hart fentences, he threw the 
 ftone down. This ffone, tqgethcr with a plantain tree 
 that lay at Otoo's feet, were, at the conclufion of the 
 fpecches, carried to the Moral, one d'thc priefts, and' 
 Otoo with him, faying fomething on the occafion.^ 
 Returning to Oparree, the fea breeze Ivtvjqg fet in, we 
 were obliged t' land, and had aplcafiuu walk rrnn 
 Ttoaha to O^arrce. A tree, with two ki/ge bundles 
 of dried leases fufpendcd upon it, pointed ^ut tide 
 boundary of the two diffridls. We were accoinpani^d 
 by the man who had performed the ceremony of the 
 Qone and flings With him Otoo's father hcM «t Ipng 
 converfatioii, !(nd appeared extremely ai^^. He^^-u 
 enraged, as I underftood, at the part ^ich TqwI a 
 had ttken in the EimA> bufin'efs." 
 
 From what can be ju^ved bf this folemnity, as re. 
 lated from Mr. KinK, it had not been only a thankf- 
 giving. as Omiah told us, but rather a confirmation rf 
 the treaty. The gravte, raeniiohed by Mr. King, ap- 
 pears to be the very Qjot whelt the celebi^tion of the 
 rites bqgan, when the hiiihih (k^KfiCe was offered, at 
 which Capuin COok was pre^ht, and befi>i« which 
 the viaim was laid. It it hdt/ alTo that they firft 
 iavcft their kings with (be Ma^. Oinikh« who had 
 ■'4 "'" 
 
 
 fecn the ceacmony when Otoo was made kjng, dc- 
 fcribcd [he Hiliclle ifokmnity when 'wc wore herq« 
 which is nearly -the ifumc; as that now rclaect'. by^Mr. 
 £iiqg, thou^ perhaps .u{ion a ver^ different oconlion. ' 
 The pbntai^n-trcc w #l,i^av». the iirff; thing intnfduce^ 
 inall fncir religious ccjfe^wnicv as w.ell aa in all their 
 public and private dcb^^r^ :an^i .priibably on many 
 other; bocafions. While Toulta tM4M«t £imeo, he fent 
 one or more <ipeflei|gcrs to Otoe evgry day. Kvc<y 
 melfqnepr, at; ^ ;tnncf, qarr^qd a youqg pbiitain-tree 
 lin hi^ haqdj .wn^)h,he Jaid at|,che feet o( 'iitao Ibeforc 
 he iixiettf|oi)cd ^i». en>ind, fiiA^r. whi^h he. fuatie^iiihim- 
 felf before hi'ip ,i^ fOlated parpiciwIiH-s. When ;rw;e 
 men mii: iax uich higb difpiite that blows arc expofled 
 to <;nfM,^, if 4Uie fliould lay a fplantain-trcejbetorc the 
 other, the;^ botthihcco^ecool, and , proceod in the ar- 
 ■gi^ent without tVwCf qnimofity. ic is indeed the 
 >odiyc (iranch of tht^fe pcpple upon alloooafiens. 
 
 Pn IFriday,,the 26tli, all qbc women wokc ordered to 
 :he put on OsoKi * taft. not <aa{ily cffcaod, moff: of 
 tSbam "being very unwilling to depart : nor -was it of 
 miuch conlequence, as they found means to f^low «« 
 affcrf ards to Huaheitte, Ulictea, apd the other Society 
 }11cfi : nor did t^ey io^£ jk xUI our final ilcparture t» 
 otp Jiorthem difcovuics, never more 10 rott»m. Our 
 friends knowing, bv this, we were upon, the point of 
 failing, they a1t,paid us a vrlk, and broiight more hogs 
 than we wanted ; for we had fufficient lor our prefent 
 uk, and ^ad no fait Jeff to prelerve any. On the 2 yth* 
 Ciiptain Gobk accoKipanlcd Oum to Oparree ; and 
 before he left it, took a furvey of the cattle and poultry 
 which he had conligned to his friend's care. ETciy 
 ih\i\g was in a proiniffng way, {ind properly attended 
 to. Two of the geeife, and two of the ducks were 
 fitting: but the pea-hen and turkey-hen haid neither 
 of thein began Co lay. He took four goats from Orxk 
 two of which he intended to leave at Ulictea, and to 
 referve two for the ufe of any other iflands he might 
 touch at in h: pafl^^ to the north. On the 28th, 
 Otoo -canoe on boai^ and informed Capuin Cook 
 that he had got a canoe, which he defired he would 
 take with him as a prefent fftwi the Earce of Otahcitc 
 to the Eareerahie sio Pretannc. The Captain was 
 highly pleated with Otoo for this mark of hisgrAdtudc, 
 At £rff, the Captain fuppofed it to have been a model 
 of one of their veffl-ls of^war, but it proved to be a fraaU 
 iyahah. about 1.6 feet loi^. It was double, and pro- 
 bably had been built for the purpofe, and was deco- 
 rated with car.'~' yvork, like their canoes in general. 
 It bcin^ too idi^c to take on board, the Captain could 
 <mly ^hank him for his good intention, bik the king 
 would havcheen much better pieafed if his prefent 
 could have been accepted. The following cu-cum- 
 ftance, concemii^ Otoo, will fliew that the pecpk d 
 this ifland are capable of much addreils and art to ac 
 complini their purpofes. Amoi^ other thinp which 
 the Captain had at different times given to this chiei, 
 was a fttying-glafs : havii^ been two or three days 
 poffefled of it, he perhaps grew tired of his glafs, or 
 difcovcrpd that it could not he of any ufe to him ; he 
 therefore carried it privately to Capuin Clerke, tdling 
 hiin, that he had got a prefent for him, in return fot 
 his friendfliip, which he fuppofed wouki be agreeable: 
 " but (fays Otoo) Toote muft not be informed of 
 this, becaufe he wanted it, and I refufed to kt him 
 have it." Accordingly, he put the glafs into Captain 
 Gierke's hands, aflurii^ him, at the fame time, that he 
 came honeftly by it. Captain Clerke, at firff, wiftied 
 to be excufed from accepting it j but Otoo infiffed 
 that he fliould, and leff it with him. A few days after, 
 he reminded Capuin Gierke of thealafs ; who, though 
 he did not wifh to have ir, wu yet defirous of obliging 
 Otoo: aqd thinking a few axes would be moft accep- 
 Ulde, produced four, and offered them in exchange. 
 Otoo immediately exclaimed, " Toote offered me five 
 for it." Well, &ys Captain Gierke, if that be the 
 cafe, you fliall not be a lofer by your fricndffiip foe 
 me I there are fix axes for you. He readily accepted 
 them, but again defired that C^qptain Cooke might not 
 be made acquainted with the tranTat^ion* 
 
 \ ■ • 
 
 i ■ 
 
 '« 1 
 
 \ 'i 
 
I 
 
 496 
 
 C«pt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 '\^i 
 
 fi , 
 
 
 H 
 
 By cainu, and gentle breezes from the weft, wc 
 were detuned here fomc time longer than we ex 
 pe<f)ed, durine which the (hips were crowded with our 
 friends, and uirroundcd with canoes, for none of them 
 would quit the place till we depaited. At length, on 
 Monday the 39th, at three oclock P. M. the wind 
 came at eaft, and we weighed anchor. When the Re. 
 folution and Difcovery were under fail, to oblige Otoo, 
 and to gratify the curiofity of his people, we fired 
 feveral guna < after which all our friends, except his 
 majefty, and two or three more, tool^leave of us with 
 fucn lively marks of forrow and aflfeQibn,! m fufficientfy 
 teftified how much they regretted oui- departure. 
 Otoo being delirous of feeing the Refolution lail, (he 
 made a (Irctch out to fea, and then in again immedi- 
 ately, when the king took his IM farewell, and went 
 *(hore in his canoe. It was ftri(5lly enjoined to the 
 Captain by Otoo, to requeft, in his name, the Earee- 
 rahie no Pretanne, to fend him by the next (hip Ibme 
 red feathers, and the birds which produce them, alfo 
 axes, half a dozen mulkets, powder and (hot, and by 
 no means to forget horfes. When thefe people make 
 us a prefent, it is cultomary for them to let us know 
 What they expedl in return 1 and we tind it convenient 
 to gratify them, by which means our prefents come 
 dearer to us than what we obtain by barter. But being 
 fometinws prelTed by occafional fcarcity, we could have 
 recourfe to our fnenids for a fupply, as a prefent, when 
 we could not get it by any other mcthoa. Upon the 
 whole, therefore, this way of traffic was full as advan- 
 tageous to us as to the natives. In general, we paid 
 for each lot or fcpiirate article as we received them, 
 except in our inrcrcourfc with Otoo. His prefents 
 were fo numerous, that no account was kept between 
 him and the Captain. Whatever this chief defired, if 
 it could be fpsircd, was never denied him, and the 
 Capuin always found him moderate in his demands. 
 
 If the Captain could have prevailed on Omiah to fix 
 his refidcnce at Otahcitc, we (hould not have quitted 
 the ifland fo foon as we did : for there was not even a 
 probability of our being better fupplied with proviHuns 
 clfewhere, than we continued to be here, even at the 
 time of our leaving it. Belidcs, fuch a friendfhip and 
 confidence fubfiftcd between us and the inhabitants, 
 as could hardly be expeded at any other place ; and it 
 was rather extraordinary, had never once been inter* 
 rupted or fufpended by any accident or mifunderftand- 
 ing, nor had there been a theft committed worthy of 
 notice. It is probable, however, that their regularity 
 of conduA refulted from their fear of interrupting 
 a tra(!ic which might procure them a greater (hare of 
 our commodities than they could obuin by plunder or 
 pilfering. This point, indeed, was fettled, in fbmc 
 4%rce, at the firft interview with their chiefs, after our 
 amval; for the Commodore declared then to the 
 natives, in the mod deciiive terms, that he would not 
 fuf&r them to rob us, as they had formerly done. 
 Omiah was (ingularly ulcfiil in this bufmefs, being in. 
 Aruded by the Captain to point out to them the happy 
 confcquences of their honeft condud, and the ntal 
 mifchiefs that muft attend a deviation fiom it. But 
 the chie^ have it not always in their jpower to prevent 
 theib ; they are ofien robbed themielves t and com- 
 plain ot it as the worft of evils. The moft valuable 
 things that Otoo received from us, were le(t in the 
 Capain's poffeilmn till the day before we failed, the 
 king dedaring that they could be no where fo fafe. 
 From the acquiiition of new riches, the inducements 
 to pilf^ing mull ceitainly have increafed, and the 
 chiefs art fenfibie of this, from their being fo extrenKlv 
 ddirous of having che(ts. The few that the Spaniards 
 left amonn, them are highly prized ; and they are con- 
 tinually aflcing us for Tome. We have already men- 
 tioned one having been nude for Otoo, at his requeH, 
 the dimenfions of which were eieht feet in Icng^, 
 fivf in breadth, and about three in depth. Locks and 
 bolts are not confidered as a fuflicient fecurity, but it 
 muft bo large enough for two people to fleep upon, 
 and confequt-ntly guard it in the night. 
 
 It may ;ippear extraordinary, that we could not get 
 
 
 any dilhndt account of the time when the Spaniards 
 arriveil, the time they (laid, and when they departed. 
 The more we made enquiry into this matter, the more 
 we were convinced of the incapability of moft of 
 thefe people to remember, calculate, or note the time, 
 when part events happened, efpecially if for a longer 
 period than eighteen or twenty months. It however 
 appeared, from the infcription upon the crofs, and by* 
 the information of the natives, that two (hips came to' 
 Ohcitepeha Bay, in 1774, not long after Captain Cook' 
 left Matavai, which was in May the fame year. The 
 live ftock they left here confifled of one bull, feme 
 goats, hogs, and dogs, and the male of another animal, 
 which we were afterwards informed was a ram, at this 
 time at Bolabola. The hogs, being laige, have already 
 much improved the breed originally found by us upon 
 the ifland ; and, on our arrival, were very numeixxis. 
 Goats are alfo in plenty, there being hardly a chief 
 without them. The dogs that the Spaniards put afhore 
 are of two or three forts j had they alt been hanged, 
 indead of being left upon the ifland, it would have 
 been better for the natives. A young ram we had fell 
 a vidtim to one of thefe animals. Four Spaniaids 
 remained on (hore when their (hips left the iOand. two 
 of whom were pricfts, one a ferVant, and the other 
 was much care(rcd among the natives, who di(tingui(h 
 him by the name of Mateema. He feems to havt f» 
 far fludied their language, as to have been able to 
 (peak it ; and to have been indefatigable in imprefling 
 in the minds of the Otaheiteans exalted id<»s of the 
 greatnefs of the Spanifh nation, and inducing them 
 to think meanly of^ that of the Englifh. He even af- 
 fured them, that we no longer exifted as an indepen- 
 deiit nation; that Pretanne was but a fmall iflandj 
 which they had entirely defUoyedt and as to Captain 
 Cook, they had met with him at fea, and with a few 
 (hot had fent his (hip, and every Ibul in her, to the 
 bottom, fo that his vifiting Otaheite was, of courfe, at 
 thii time, very unexpedted. Many other improtM- 
 bilities were propagated by this Spaniard, and believed 
 by the i.ihabiunts ; but Captain Cook's returning to 
 Otaheite was confidered as a complete refuution of al^ 
 that Mateenu had advanced. With what views the 
 priefts renuiined cannot eafily be conceived. If it was 
 their intention to convert the lutives to the catholic 
 faith, they certainly have not fucceeded in a (ingle in- 
 ftance. It does not appear, indeed, that they ever 
 attempted it ; for the natives (ay, they never converfed 
 with them, either on this or any other fubjed. The 
 priefts reflded the whole time at Oheitepeha ; but Mam 
 teema roved about continually, vifiting many parts of 
 the ifland. After he and his companions haa ftaid ten 
 months, two (hips arriving at Ouheite took them 
 aboard, and failed in five days. Whatever defign the 
 Spaniaids might have had upon this ifland, their hafl^ 
 departure fhcws they have now laid it afide. They 
 endeavoured to make the natives believe, that they in> 
 tended to return, and would bring with them houfes, 
 all kinds of animals, and men and women who were to 
 fettle on the ifland. Otoo, when he mentioned this to 
 Capuin Cook, added, that if the Spaniards lliould 
 return, he would not permit them to enter Manvai 
 fort, which, he faid. was ours. The idea pleafed himi 
 but he did not confider that an attempt to complete it 
 would deprive him of his kingdom, and his people of 
 their liberty. Though this (news how eafily a lettle- 
 ment might be pffedud at Otaheite, it it hoped that 
 fuch an event mig;ht never take place. Gat occ«Bona| 
 vifitt may have been of fervicc to iti inhabiunts, but 
 (confidering how mofl European cflablifhments among 
 Indian nations aoe conduced) a permanent feitlement 
 at this ifland would, probably, eive them jufl caufe to 
 lament that jour (hips had ever difcovered it. Indeed, 
 a meafure of this kind can hardly ever be fcrioufly 
 thought of, as it can neither anfwer the purpofes of 
 public ambition, nor of private avarice. 
 
 We have already oofervcd, that Capuin Cook 
 received » yifit froit^ one of the two nauves of this 
 iQand who bad been ukcn to Lima by the Spaniards. 
 It is (imewhat re;narkable that wc never faw him 
 
 afterwards, 
 
cook's third and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'ACIFIC OCEANi &c. 
 
 497 
 
 afterwards, cfpecially as the Captain received him 
 with uncommon civility. It wa» fuppofcd that Oiiiiah, 
 from motives of jealoufy, had kept him from the 
 Cap'ain, he being a traveller, who, in lomc degree, 
 might vie with himfelf. Our touching at Teneritfe was 
 a lucky circumftancc for Omiah, who prided himfclf in 
 having vifited a place belonging to Spain, as well 
 as this man. Captain Gierke, who had feen the other 
 traveller, fpokc of him as a low fellow, a little out ol 
 his fenfes i and his own countrymen entertained the 
 (amc opinion of him. In (hort, thofe two adventurers 
 feemcd to be held in little or no cltcem. They h.id not 
 been fo fortunate, it is true, as to return home with 
 fuch valuable property as had been bcrtowcd upon 
 Omiah, whofe advantages are fo great from having 
 been at England, that if he fhould fink into his original 
 ftatc of ind()Ience, he has only himfelf to blame for it ; 
 and we are inclined to think this will be the confe- 
 quence of his indifcrcet behaviour. Some time before, 
 the Captain, his unchangeable friend and patron, had 
 made up a fuit of colours for him, but he conlidcrcd 
 them as too valuable to be ufed at this time, and 
 therefore patched up a parcel ol flags and pendants, to 
 the number often or a dozen, which he fpread on dit- 
 fercnt parts of his canoe. Thi»^, as might be expected, 
 drew a gieat number of people to look at her. I Ic had 
 completely (locked himfelf with cloth and cocoa-nut 
 oil, which arc better and more plentiful at Otahcite 
 than at any of the Society Ides, infomuth, that they 
 arc conlidcrcd as articles of trade. Omiah would not 
 have behaved fo inconfiftently, as he did in many in- 
 ftanccs, had it not been for his filler and brother-in- 
 law, who, together with a few feledl companions, 
 cngrolFed him to thrmfelves, in order to ftrip him of 
 every article he poflcfled : and they would certainly 
 have fucceedcd, if Captain Cook had not taken the 
 molt ufeful articles of his projierty into his poflenion. 
 I^owevc^, Omiah would not have been faved from 
 ruin, if the Captain had permitted thefe relations and 
 friends of iiis to have accompanied him to his intended 
 phcc , ' fcttlement at Huaheine. This, indeed, was 
 thi^i'- ^1 i m, but our Commodore difappointed their 
 &•:; ^ . of plunder, by forbidding them to appear 
 at 1-41/ ■ -, while he continued at the Society lllands, 
 and tney knew him well enough not to comply. 
 
 On Tucfday, the ;}oth, having failed from Otaheite, 
 we t:ontinued our courfe under doubled reefed top- 
 fails, and (lood for the north end of the illand of 
 Eimeo. Omiah, in his canoe, arrived there before \is, 
 and endeavoured, by taking fome necelFary meafures, 
 to fliew us the Ijcfl anchoring place. We were not, 
 however, without pilots, having fevcral natives of 
 Otaheite on board, and among them not a few women. 
 Unwilling to rely wholly on thefe guides, two boats 
 •were fent to examine the harbour, when, obferving the 
 fignal made for fafe anchorage, we flood in with both 
 the flups clofe up to the head of the inlet, where we 
 call author in ten fathoms water, over a bottom of foft 
 mud, and moored with a hawfer fall to the fliore. The 
 name of this h irboiir is Taloo. It is fituated on the 
 north fide of the iflund, and in the dillridl of Oboo- 
 nolioo, or PooiK.'hoo, and runs above two miles between 
 the hills, S. or S. by M. It is not inferior to any har- 
 bour that we ha.f met with in this ocean, both for fe- 
 curity and goiHiiicfs of bottom. It has alio this lingu- 
 lar advatitage, that a ihip can fail in and out with the 
 reigning trading wind. Several rivers fall into it, 
 one ol wiiith is fo tonfidcrahlc, as to admit boats a 
 quarter ot a mile no, where the water is perfeclly frelh. 
 'I'he banks, on the (ides of this llream, are covered 
 with winii the natives call the Pooroo-trce, on whiih 
 they fet no v.ilut, as it ferves only for liring: fo that 
 wood and watirniay be procured here wnh great fa- 
 cility.. Vhf h irbourof Farowroah, on the lame lide of 
 the illand, is ahv)ut two miles to the eadward, and is 
 much larger within than that of Taloo j but the open- 
 ing in the reef lies to leeward of the liarliour, and is 
 contlilcialJy narrower. There rre two or three more 
 harbours on the fouth fide of the ifi.ind, but they arc 
 Qot fo con(iderablea« thofe we have alfcady mentioned. 
 
 No. 6j. 
 
 We were received by the natives of Eihico with every 
 mark of hofpitality, great numbers of whom came 
 aboard the lliip', but rioin tnerc motives of curiofity, 
 for they brought notiiing with them for thepurpofes of 
 barren 
 
 On Wednefday the id of Oiflober, our live (bock 
 was landeil, our carpenters fent out to cut wood, and 
 our purveyors to collei.'t hogs. Here we found Omiah, 
 who, on his arrival, had been diverting hiinfelf Jmd 
 the natives with his feats of arms, and had raifed their 
 ruriolity to a very high degree, by acquainting them 
 w ith our intention of paying them a vifit, as no Euro- 
 pean (liip had ever anchored at their illand betbrc. 
 The next day, being the 2nd, feveral canoes arrived, 
 fromdillant parts, bringing with them a copious fup- 
 ply of bread-fruit, cocoanuts, and a few hogs, which 
 were exchanged for Ivads, nails, and hatchets j red fea- 
 thers being not fo inuch demanded here as at Otaheite. 
 This day, in the nioniinf?. Captain Cook received a 
 vifit froirt Mahcine, the chief of the idand. He ap- 
 proached tie fliip with as great caution and delibera- 
 tion, as if he apprehended mifchief from us, kno^ving 
 us to be friends of the Otaheiteans; for thefe people 
 have no idea that wc can be in fricndlhip with any 
 one, without adopting his caufe againll his enemies. 
 'I'his chief was accompanied. by his wife, who, we are 
 told, is filler to Oamo, of Otahcite, whofe death we 
 heard of while we remained at this ifiand. Cap- 
 tain Cook made them prefents of fuch articles as 
 feemcd moll to flrike their fancy j and after Haying 
 about half an hour, they went on (horej foon after they 
 returned with a large liog, prefcnting it as a re urn for 
 the Captain's favour; but he made them an additional 
 gift to the fiill value of it; after which they went on 
 lioard the Difcovcry to vifit Captain Clerkc. Maheinc, 
 fiipported with a few adherents, has made himfelf, iti 
 fi)nie degree, independent of Otaheite. He is between 
 forty and lifiy years of age, and i.? bald-headed, a cir- 
 cumllance rather uncommon, in thefe illands, at that 
 age. I !e feemcd afliamcd of (liowing his bend, and 
 wore a kind of turban to conceal it Whether they 
 confidercd this deficiency of hair difjraceful, or whe- 
 ther they fuppofed wc confidered it in that light, is not 
 eafy to determine ; the latter, however, appears the 
 moll probable, from the circumllanc ■ of their having 
 feen us fiiave the head of one of the natives, whom wc 
 detected dealing. They naturally concluded, there- 
 fore, that this was a kind of punifhment infliifted by, us 
 upon all thieves; and (bmc of our gentlemen, whofe 
 heads were but thinly covered with hair, were violently 
 fufpee'led by them of being tetos. Towards the even- 
 ing, Captain Cook and Orniah mounted on horfeback, 
 and rode along the fliore. Omiah having forbid the 
 natives to follow us, our train was not very numerous; 
 the fear of giving offiL-nee having got the better of their 
 curiofity. The fleet of Towha had been dationed in 
 this harbour, and tlwugh the war was but of (hort du- 
 ration, the marks of its devadation were very numerous 
 and every where confpicuous. The trees had lod all 
 their fruit, and the houfes in the neighbourhood had 
 been burnt, or otherwife dedroyed. 
 
 On Monday the 6th, we hauled thefliip off into the 
 dream, intending to put to fea the next day, but the 
 following difagrccable incident prevented it. We had, 
 in the morning, fent our goats adiorc to graze; and, in 
 the evening, the natives contrived to Ileal One of them, 
 notwithllanding two men had been appointed to look 
 after them. 1 his was a confiderablc lofs, as it inter- 
 fered with the Captain's views of docking other iflands 
 with thofe animals: he, therefore, was determined, if 
 pollible, to recover it. On the 7th, wc received intel- 
 ligence, tiiat it had been conveyed to Mahcine, who 
 was, at that time, at I'arowroah harbour. Two elderly 
 men oiilitd their fervices to conduit any of ourpeople 
 to hini, in order to bring back the goat. The Captain, 
 thcretbre, difjiatched fome of our people in a boar, 
 charged with a melfage to that chief, and infilled on 
 both the goat and the thief being immediately given up. 
 Maheine had, only the day before, requeded the Com- 
 nuKlore ti> give him two gpats; but, as there were none 
 
 f I J 
 
 I 
 
 .:'V. ;lf 
 
 m 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
498 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ii '■••' 
 
 'j-t 
 
 ^ t 
 
 of thefc animals at fome other illands, he rcfured to 
 gratify him. Willing, however, to oblige him in this 
 particular, he delired art Otaheitc chief, then prcfcnt, 
 to requcft of Ocoo, in hig name, to convey tM-o goats to 
 Maheine, and to enfurc his compliance, fcnt him, by 
 the fame chief, a quantity of red feathers, equal in 
 value to the two coats that were required. The Com- 
 modore cxpeded that Mahcinc, and all the other 
 chiefs of the ifland, would have been pcrfedly fatislied 
 with this arrangement; but he was midaken, as the 
 event clearly proves. Little fufpeiting that any one 
 would prefumc to Ileal a fccond, while the necclFary 
 mcafures were taken to recover the firft, the goats were 
 again put alhore this morning ; and a boat, as ufual, 
 was fent for them in the evening. While our people 
 were getting thcin into the boat, one was conveyed 
 away undifcovered. As it was miircd immediately, we 
 cxpedlcdto recover it without much trouble, as it tould 
 not have been carried to any conlidcrable dillance. 
 Several of the natives fct out after it, ditfercnt ways ; 
 for they all endeavoured to perfuade us, that it mull 
 have flraycd into the woods; not one of them admit- 
 ting that it was llolen. Wc were, however, convinced of 
 the contrary, when we found not one of the purfuers re- 
 turned : their intention being only to amufe us, till 
 their prize was fafely depodtcdi and night coming on 
 prevented all farther fearch. At this inllant, the boat 
 returned with the other goat, and one of the perfons 
 who had purloined it. The next morning being Wed- 
 nefday the 8th, mod of the natives were moved off. 
 They had carried with them a corpfe that lay on a too- 
 pajMX), oppofite the Ihip; and Mahcinc, we were in- 
 formed, had retired, to the rcmotcll part of the idand. 
 It now plainly appeared, that a regular plan had been 
 projedled to deal what the Commotlore had rcfufcd to 
 give; and that, having rrdorcd one, they were deter- 
 mined not to part with the other, which was a female, 
 and with kia ; and the Commodore was equally re- 
 folved to have it back again: he, therefore, applied to 
 the two elderly men, who had been indrumental in re- 
 covering the fird, who informed him that this had been 
 taken to a place on the fouth fide of the idand, called 
 Watea, by Hamoa, who was the chief of that didrid; 
 but ^at it would be delivered up, if wc fent and de- 
 manded it. They diewed a willingnefs to condudl 
 fome of our people to the fpot ; but finding that a boat 
 might go ancl return in one day, one was immediately 
 dilpjitcned with two of our officers, Mr. Roberts, and 
 Mr. Shuttlcworth ; one to remain with the boat, if die 
 could not get to the place, while the other went with 
 the guides, accompanied by fome of our people. The 
 boat returned in the evening, when we were informed 
 by the officers, that, after proceeding in the boat as far 
 as rocks and dioals would permit, Mr. Shuttlcworth 
 landed ; and, attended with two marines, and one of 
 the guides, went to the houfc of Hamoa, at Watea, 
 where, for fome time, they were amufed by the natives, 
 who pretended they had fcnt for the goat, and that it 
 would foon be proiduced. But as it did not arrive, and 
 night approaching, Mr. Shuttleworth refolved to give 
 over the fruitlefs fcarch, and return to his boat. Cap- 
 tain Cook now lamented that he had proceeded fo far 
 in the bufineft, feeing he could not retreat with credit, 
 nor without giving encouragement to other idanders to 
 rob us with impunity. Upon confulting with Omiah, 
 and the two old men, they advifed us, without hefita. 
 tion, to advance up the country with a party of men, 
 and (hoot every pcrfon they Inould meet with. The 
 Captain did not approve of the bloody part of this 
 counfel ; neverthelels, early the next morning, being 
 the 9th, he fet out with thirty-five of our people, ac- 
 companied by Omiah, one of the old men, and three 
 attendants. Lieutenant Williamfon was alfo ordered 
 round the wcftcm part of the ifland, with three armed 
 boats, to meet us. We had no fooner landed, than 
 the few remaining natives fled before us. The fird 
 perfon we met with on our march, was in a kind of pe- 
 rilous fituation ; for Omiah, the indant he beheld him, 
 adced Captain Cook if he (hould (hoot him; fo fully 
 washcperfuaded, that the advice given us was immc. 
 
 diatelytobe c.irricd into execution ; but the Captain 
 gave orders both to him and our guide, to let it be niadc 
 known, that it was not our intention to ddlroy a fingic 
 native. Thefcjoyful tidings foon circulated, and pre- 
 vented the flight of the inhabitants. Aftcmiing the 
 ridge of hills, on our road to Watea, wc were informed 
 that the goat had been carried the fame way, .ind could 
 hardly have parted the hills : wc thin-forc marchtd up 
 in great lilencc, expcding to furprize the party who 
 were bearing ofl the prize ; but, when wc arrived at 
 the uppcrmod plantation, wc were told, that the ani- 
 mal we were in fcarch of, had, indeed, been kept there 
 the fird night, but, the next morning, was conve)td to 
 Watea. We made no further enquiry, till we came 
 within fight of Watea, where wc were directed to Ha- 
 moa's houfe by fome people, who alfo informed us, that 
 the goat was there. We fully expected to obtain it on 
 our arrival; but, having reached the houfe, the people 
 there denied that they had ever fcen it, or knew any 
 thing about it. Hamoa himfelf appeared, and cxprcfl'ed 
 himlirlf to the fame cflcft. On our fird coming to 
 Watea, feveral men were fcv^, running to and fro in the 
 woods, with clubs and darts in their hands ; and Omi.ih, 
 whoh.id ran towards them, was alfaultcd with dones: 
 hence it appeared, that they intended to oppofe aay 
 attempt that wc might be induced to make; but, on 
 feeing the flrengtii of our party, had given up the de- 
 fign: wc were confirmed in this opinion, byobferving, 
 that all their houfcs were empty. After having col- 
 Icdcd a few of the natives together, Omiah was dircded 
 to cxpodulatc with them on the abfurdity of the ir con- 
 duct, and to let them know, we had received fiillkient 
 information that the goat was in their poirtllion; and 
 that, if it was not without delay delivcreu up, wc diould 
 burn all their houfes and canoes; yet, notwithdanding 
 this expodulation,thcy pcrlidcd in their denial of hav- 
 ing any knowledge of it: in confcquence of which wc 
 fet fire to eight of their houfes, and three war canoes, 
 all which were prcfently confumcd. We afterwards 
 marched od' to join the boats, at that time eight miles 
 from us ; and, in our rout, burnt fix other war canoes, 
 without any oppofition; on the contrary, many of tlic 
 natives aflided us, perhaps, more from icnr than any 
 other motive. Omiah. who was at fome didancc be- 
 fore us, came back with information, that a number of 
 men were affemblcd to attack us. We prepared to 
 receive them ; but, indead of enemies, they were peti- 
 tioners, with plantain trees in their hands, which they 
 laid down before us, entreating the Commodoie to 
 fpare a canoe that lay up.in the ^ot, which he readily 
 complied with. About four o'clock, in the afiernoon, 
 we arrived at Wharraradc, where our bo.its were wait- 
 ing for us. This didriift belongs to Tiarntaboonoue ; 
 but this chief, together with the other principal ()eop!c 
 of the place, had fled to the hills ; though we made no 
 attack on their property, they being in amity with Otoo. 
 Here we remained about an hour, in order to red our- 
 felves, and afterwards fet out for the fliips, where we ar- 
 rived at eight o'clock in the evening; but no tidings of 
 the goat had, at that time, been received ; and, of courfe 
 the operations of the day had been inefiectuni. 
 
 On Friday the loth, early in the morning, a mcf- 
 fenger was (cm off to Mahcinc, charged with this pe- 
 remptory refolution of the Captain, that if he pcrlidcd 
 in his refufal to deliver up the goat, a lingle canoe fhould 
 not be left upon the ifland; and that hodilitics ihoiil'* 
 never ceafe, while the dolen animal remained in h.s 
 {wfleflion. That the mefl'engcr might perceive the 
 Captain was in earned, he ordered the carpenter, in hii 
 prcfence, to break up three canoes that lay at the head 
 of the harbour;and, by his order, the planks were taken 
 onboard, to fcrvc as materials to build a houfe for 
 Omiah, at the place where he intended to fix his rcfi- 
 dcnce. From hence, our Commander, properly at- 
 tended, went to the next harbour, where he dcdroycd 
 eight more canoes, and returned on board about feven 
 in the evening. On his arrival, he was informed, that 
 the goat had been returned half an hour before ; an4 
 it appeared from good intelligence, that it came from 
 the very place, where the inhabitants, the day before, 
 4 declared 
 
COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 499 
 
 Captain 
 be iittide 
 a linglc 
 ind pre- 
 ing the 
 n formed 
 lid could 
 chcd up 
 rty who 
 Ivcd ac 
 the ani- 
 'pt there 
 
 ^C)Td to 
 
 wc came 
 
 to Ha- 
 
 us, that 
 
 :ain it on 
 
 le people 
 
 rscw any 
 
 X pre fled 
 
 iiing to 
 
 fro in the 
 
 Omi.ih, 
 
 ftoncs: 
 
 pofc any 
 
 but, on 
 
 the de- 
 
 ibferving, 
 
 king col- 
 
 s dirci'kd 
 
 heir con- 
 
 fiillicicnt 
 
 lion; and 
 
 wc (liould 
 
 hlianiling 
 
 ai of hav- 
 
 which wc 
 
 declared they knew nothing about iti but, from the 
 mefTage delivered to the chief in the morning, he per- 
 ceived, that the Captain wa« not to be triHtd \uth. 
 Thus ended this troublefomc and unfortunate bufinefs, 
 equally to be regetted by the natives, and by Captain 
 Cook. He was grieved to reflcd, that, after refufing 
 to adiift his friends at Otaheite, in the invafion of this 
 ifland, he (liould fo foon be obliged to engage in hof- 
 tilitics againll its inhabitants; which, perhaps, were 
 more injurious to them, than Towha's expedition. In 
 a memorandum of occurrences, penned by one of our 
 officers, we find a much Icfs favourable account of this 
 aftair than the above; the circumflanccs arc thus re- 
 lated by that gentleman. 
 
 " On the 2nd of Oitober, Maheinc, accompanied by 
 other chiefs came on board the Difcovery, with large 
 hogs by way of prcfents ; and were prefentcd in re- 
 turn with axes, hatches, looking-glaflTcs, &c. our pur- 
 veyors were likcwifc much gratified, by the fuccefs 
 they met with in murkcting; purchafing the largcft 
 hogs for the mereft trifles ; as for inftancc, a hog of 
 200 weight, for twelve red feathers, and fo in propor- 
 tion. But this friendly intercourfc was foon changed 
 to a fceneof defolation, that no injury wc received 
 from thepilferingdifpofitionof the inhabitants could 
 juftify. The people had brought us every thing their 
 ifland afl^orded, and had left it to the generofity of the 
 purchafers to give, in return, whatever they pleafed: 
 but unfortunately a goat from our live ftock was mifTing. 
 It had been fccretly conveyed away in the night, from 
 the paftures in which they were pkiced to feed, not- 
 withllanding the vigilance of the guard appointed to 
 look after them. With the lofs of this animal, no doubt 
 a great prize to the thief, the Earee of the ifland was 
 made acquainted by Captain Cook, and a peremptory 
 requifltion made to have it reftored, on pain of having 
 his country laid wafte, his (hipping deftroyed, and him- 
 felf perfonally punilhed for the crime of his fubjcdt. 
 The king promifed his afliftance.and required time for 
 enquiry; but, as foon as he was fct at liberty, he ab- 
 fconded, and was no more feen. The goat being ftill 
 tnilTtng, and no means ufed for recovering and reftoring 
 it, a party from both (hips, with the marines in a 
 body, were ordered out, to carry the threats of our 
 commander into execution. For three days, fuccei- 
 fively, they continued their devaluations, burning and 
 deftroying 200 of the beft houfes of the inhabitants, 
 and as many of their large war canoes ; at the fame 
 time, cutting down their fruit trees, and deflroying 
 their plantations. The natives who lived at a diftance, 
 hearing of the havock that was made near the bay, filled 
 their canoes with ftoncs and funk them, with a view to 
 their prcfervation; but that availed them nothing; for 
 the Captain ordered boats to be manned and armed ; 
 the canoes that were funk to be weighed up and de- 
 ftroyed; in (hort, a general defolation to be carried 
 through the whole ifland, (hould the goat be ftill with- 
 held. Add to this, that two young natives of quality 
 being found on board our Ihip, were made prifoners, 
 and told they were to be put to death, if the goat 
 ihould not be reftored within a certain time. The 
 youths protefted their own innocence, and difclaimed 
 all knowledge of the guilty perfons; notwithftanding 
 which, every preparation was apparently made for 
 puttingthem both to death. Large ropes were carried 
 upon the main deck, and made faft fore and ah: axes, 
 chains, 8cc. were placed upon the quart ?r deck, in fight 
 of the young men, whofc terrors were increafed by the 
 information of Omiah, who gave them to underftand 
 that, by ail thefe foiemn preparations, their doom was 
 finally determined. Under thcfc gloomy apprehen- 
 fions the poor youths remained till the 9th, when, about 
 three in the afternoon, a body of between 50 and 60 
 natives were feen from the ftiip haftcning to the har- 
 bour, who, when they came near, held up the goat in 
 their arms, in raptures that they had found it, and that 
 it was ftill alive. The Joy of the imprifoned young 
 men is not to be exprcfled ; and when they were re- 
 leafed, inrtoad of fliewing any figns of refcntment, they 
 were ready to fall down and worlhip thctr deliverers. 
 
 It can fcarce be credited, when the devaftatioii ccafed,' 
 how foon the injury they had fuftiired was forgotten, 
 and provifions again brought to markit, as if no vio- 
 lence had ever been connnitted by us; only the Earea 
 of the ifland never made his appearance. All thia 
 while numbers of the inhabitants of Otaheite, were 
 witnefles of the fevcrity with which this theft was pu- 
 nched; but it feemed to make no unfavourable im- 
 preflion upon them; for they continued their good 
 oflices as lung as wc remained in the Society ifles." 
 
 On Saturday the nth, our intercourfc with the na- 
 tives was renewed ; feveral canoes bringing bread fruit 
 and cocoa-nuts to the (hips; whence our Commander 
 concluded, they were conlcious of having merited the 
 treatment they had received ; and that the caufe of his 
 difpleafurc being now removed, they apprehended no 
 further mifchief Being now about to take our depar- 
 ture from Eimeo, we (hall firft juft remark, that there is 
 very little diftercnce between the produce of this ifland, 
 and that of Otaheite; but the dinerence in their wo- 
 men is remarkable. Thofe of Eimeo have a dark hue, 
 are tow in ftature, and have forbidding features. We 
 would obferve farther, the appearance of Eimeo bears 
 not the leaft refcmblance to that of Otaheite. The 
 latter being a hilly country, has little low land, except 
 fome deep valleys, and a Hat border that almoft fur- 
 rounds it near the fea. Eimeo has ftcep rugged hills, 
 running in different diredions, leaving large valleys, 
 and gently rifing grounds about their fides. The hills, 
 though rocky, are generally covered with trees almofl 
 to the tops. At the bottom of the harbour of Taloo, 
 the ground generally rifes to the foot of the hills; but 
 the flat border on the (ides, becomes quite (teep at a- 
 fmall diftance from the fea. This produces a prolpeit 
 fuperior to any thing we faw at Otaheite. In the 
 low grounds, the foil is a yellowi(h ftift' mould; on the 
 lower hills it is blacker, and more loofe ; and the ftonc 
 which compofes the hills, is of a bluilh colour, intcr- 
 fpcrfed with fome particles of glimmer. Near the 
 place where our (hips were ftationed, are two large 
 ftoncs, concerning which fomefuperftitious notions arc 
 entertained by the natives. They coniider them as 
 brother and fifter; that they are Eatooas, or divinities; 
 and that they came from Ulietea, by fome fupcrnatural 
 means. 
 
 Having procured, at this ifland, a large quantity of 
 fire-wood, an article we could not fupply ourlelves with 
 at Matavai, there being not a tree but what is ufeful to 
 the inhabiunts, and likewife a number of hogs, bread, 
 fruit, and cocoa-nuts, at nine o'clock A. M. we weighed, 
 having a fine breeze down the harbour; but it was fo 
 faint and variable, that we were notoutat fea before noon, 
 at which time we direded our courfe to Huaheine.. 
 Omiah having previoufly fct fail before us. In the 
 night, the weather being hazy, he loft fight of the fliip 
 and fired his gun, which was anfwered by the Refolu- 
 tion. On Sunday the 12 th, we came in fight of Hua- 
 heine, and, at noon, anchored at the northern entrance 
 of Owharre Harbour, (ituated on the weft fide of the 
 ifland. Omiah, in his canoe, entered the harbour juft 
 before us, but did not land; and though many of his 
 countrymen crowded to fee him, he did not take much 
 notice of them. Great numbers alfo came off to the 
 ftiips, infomuch that we wt.c greatly incommoded by 
 them. Our pairengcrs immediately informed them of 
 our tranfadlions at Eimeo, multiplying, by ten at leaft, 
 the number of canoes and houfes that we had deftroyed. 
 Captain Cook war not much difpleafed at their giving 
 this exaggerated account, as he found that it made a 
 confiderable impreffion upon all who heard it ; fo that 
 he had hopes it would induce the natives of this ifland 
 to treat him in a better manner than they had done in 
 his former vifit. The next morning, which was the 
 13th, all the principal people of the ifland came to our 
 ftiips. This was juft what our Commodore wifhcd, as 
 it was now high time to fettle Omiah, and he fup- 
 pofed that the prefence of thefc chiefs would enable 
 him to effedl it in a fatisfadory manner. But Omiah 
 now feemed inclined to eftablifli himfelf at Ulietea t 
 and if he and Captain Cook could have agreed with 
 
 rcfpea 
 
 ' ' m 
 
 
 Ui 
 
500 
 
 Capt. C O O K 's V () Y A O !•- S C O M 1' L E T U- 
 
 iv I 
 
 rclpiv'l to the niocio of actomplilliing that dclign, the 
 laticr would have confentcd to adopt it. Hi« lather 
 haii bctn deprived by the inhabitants of Bolabola, 
 when they lubdued Ulictca, of fomo land in. that 
 illand ; and the Captain hoped he fliould be able to 
 git it reliored to the foa without difficulty. For th1» 
 purpofe, it was necellary that Omiah iTiuuld be upon 
 fiiemlly tcrnis with thole who'had bccon>c niafteis of 
 the iil.m.l ; but he would not iilkn to .iny 'uth pro- 
 pofal, and was vain emni|^h to imagine that the Cap- 
 tain would make ufe of force to icinOatc him in his 
 fiirfeitcd lands. This preponclTion preventing his 
 hiinj5 fixed at Uiietca, the Captain began to coniidcr 
 Huaheine as the more i-roper place, and therefore de- 
 terminal to avail himfelf of the prcfencc of the chief 
 mjn of that illand, and pmiwfc the affair to them. 
 
 The Ih'ips were no lefs crowded with hogs, than 
 wiili chiefs, the former being poured in upon us fafter 
 tlian the butchers and falters could difpatch them. 
 Indeed, for feveral days after our arrival, fome hun- 
 tlreds, great and fniall, were brought on board j and, if 
 a;iv were rcfufed, they were thrown into the boats, and 
 Kit behind. Bread-fruit, bananocs, plantains, cocoa- 
 nuts, and yams, were brought in the fame plentiful | 
 proportions, and purchafed for triffcs. At Otahcite 
 we had heard, that our old friend Oree was no longer 
 the chief of Huaheine, and that at this time he refided 
 at Ulittea. Indeed he never had been more than 
 rcjjent duiing the minority of Taircctareca, the prefent 
 lurcc rahie ; but he did not give up the regency till he 
 was coinpellcd thereunto. His two funs, Opoony and 
 Towha, were the firlt who paid us a vilit, coming on 
 board before the (hip Has well in the harbour, and 
 bringing with them a prefent ; for which they received, 
 in return, red feathers, &c. Red feathers are here, as 
 at Otaheitc, a very remarkable commodity, with which 
 the feamen made purchafcs of cloth, and other manu- 
 iaclures of the illand: thofc who were followed by 
 their mifTcs from Otahcite, kept feparate tables for 
 them, at a fmall expence ; w hile the milTes catered and 
 cooked for their m.ates, who feafted every day on barbi- 
 cucd pigs, ftewed fowls, roafted bread-fruit, aiid a 
 variety of other delicacies, purchafed by the ladies for 
 the mereft trifles. Among our foremaft-men were 
 many who laid in ftore of thefe good things for their 
 fupport, in cafe of being reduced to Ihort allowance j 
 and they had rcafon, afterwards, to confole themfclvcs 
 on their provident care. 
 
 The Captain'now, after the hurry of bufinefs in the 
 morning was over, prepared to make a vifit in form to 
 Taircctareca. the luirce rahie, or prefent reigning king 
 of the ifland. Omiah, who was to accompany him, 
 drclTed himfelf very properly on the occafion, and pro- 
 vided a handfome prefent for the chief himfelf, and 
 another lor his Eatooa. Their landing drew mofV of 
 • the vilitors from the lliips, who, with many others, 
 alTembled in a large houfe. The concourfe of people 
 became very great, the major part of whom feemed 
 ftouter and fairer than thofe of Otahcite; and the 
 number of men who appeared to be of confequencc 
 was alio niu:h greater, in proportion to the extent of 
 the illand. The Captain waited fome time for the 
 king ; but when he appeared, we found his prefcnce 
 might have been difpenfed with, as his age did not 
 exceed ten years. Omiah, who flood at a little diflance 
 from the circle of great men, bcg.in with making his 
 otfcring to the gods, which conliftcd of cloth, red 
 feathers, ficc. Another offering fuccteded, which was 
 to be (;iven to the gods by the young chief; and after 
 that, feveral other tufts of red feathers were piefer.tcd. 
 The ditfer«it articles were bid before a priclf, being 
 each of them delivered with a kind of prayer, wh ch 
 w;as fpoken by one of Omiah's friends, though in a great 
 ir.eafurc diAated by himfelf. In ihcfc oraifr)ns he did 
 not forget his friends in England, nor thofe who had 
 C'.mdua«rd him fafc b.ick to his native country. The 
 Earee rahie no Fretanne, the Earl of Sandwich, Toote 
 (Captain •; (wke), Tatee (Captain Clerke), were men- 
 tioned in every one of them. Thefe olferings and 
 prayers bciiij; ended, the pricft rook each of the aniclcs 
 
 ill order, and, alter i^epcating a concluding prayer,, 
 fcnt every one. qf thoip tp the Mnrai. .After the pcr- 
 forrhancc of thefe religious rites, Omiah feaied himfelf 
 by the Captain, who bellowed a prefent on the young 
 prince, and received another in return. Soine ar- 
 rangements were next agreed upon, relative to the mode 
 of carrying on the intercourfe between ui and the 
 natives s to whom the Captain pointed out the ipii^ 
 chievpes confequencei that would attend their pluh-^ 
 dering us, as on former occalions. The eftabliflimcnc 
 of Omiah was then propofed to this aflcmbl/ of chicfi. 
 .They were informed^ that we had conveyed him into 
 England, where he was well received bv the greiK 
 King of Pretannc, and his Earees; anci had m*i» 
 treated, during his whole ftay, with all the marki of 
 ' regard and ail'cdlion ; that he had been broMght tMCk 
 again, and e.iriched with a variety of articles, which, 
 it was honied, would be highly beneficial to hi; cotln- 
 tr)mcn ; and that, belides the two horfes which were 
 to continue with him, many other new and ufeful ani« 
 mals had been left at Otaheitc, which would fpecdily 
 multiply, and furnifli a fufficient number lor the ufe of 
 all the neighbouring illands. The Captain .then gave 
 them to undcrlland, it was his earneft requeft that they 
 would give his friend, Omiah, a piece of land, upon 
 which he might build a houfe, and raife provifions for 
 himfelf and family ; adding, that if he could not obtain 
 this at Huaheine, either by donation or purchafe, he 
 was refolved to carry him to Ulielea, and fettle him 
 there. We obferved that this conclulion feemed to 
 gain the approbation of all the chiets ; and the rcafon 
 was not lefs obvious. Omiah had vainly flattered 
 himfelf, that the Captain would ufe force in rel^oring 
 him to his father's poireffions, in Uiietea; and he had 
 talked at random, on this fubjeft,. among fome chiefs, 
 at this meeting, who now cxpeQcd that they fliould 
 be alFifled by us in an invalion of Uiietea, and driv.^ 
 ing the BokiboLins out of that ifland. It being proper, 
 therefore, that they lltould be undeceived in this par- 
 ticular, the Captain, with this view, llgnifled to them, 
 in the moft decifive manner, that he would neither 
 give them any alTiftance in fuch an enterprizc, nor even 
 luifer it to be put in execution, while he remained in 
 their feas; and that, if Omiah ellabliflied himfelf in 
 Uiietea, he Ihould be introduced as a friend, and not 
 forced upon the people of Bolabola as their conqueror. 
 This peremptory declaration immediately gave a new 
 turn to the fentiinents of the council; one of whom 
 expreffed himfelf to this efl'ed : that the whole ifland 
 of Huaheine, and whatever it contained, were Captain 
 Cook's, and therefore he might difpofe of what portion 
 he pleafed to his friend: but, though Omiah feemed 
 much pleafed at hearing this, to make an oflfer of 
 what it would be improper to accept, the Captain 
 confidered as offering nothing: he for this rcafon 
 delired them to mark out the particular fpot. and like- 
 w ife the cxad quantity of land, which they intended to 
 grant for the fettlement. Upon this, fome chiefs, 
 w ho had retired from the alTembl/, were fent for ; and, 
 after a Ihort confultation, the Commodore's requeft 
 was unanimoufly complied with, and the ground im^ . 
 mediately fixed upon, adjoining to the houfe where the 
 prefent meeting w m held. It extended along the fliore 
 of the harbour, about 200 yards; its depth, to the 
 bottom of the hill,, was forncwhat more ; and a pro-, 
 portionable part of the hill was comprehended in the 
 grant. 
 
 This affair being fettled, on Saturday, the 18th, a 
 tent was pitched on fliorc, a poll cflabli (lied, and the 
 obfervatones ercdled. As this was one of the molt 
 plentiful of the Society Ifles, it was prop.)fcd to make 
 fome rtay here, in order to careen the ihips, and to lay 
 in provilions for future ufe. This was the more nc- 
 eellary. as we were to (ail to countries w iiully unknown, 
 w here it was uncertain what accommodations we might 
 meet with, or to what difficulties we might be fubjecl. 
 The bed* and furniture of every kind were therefore 
 unladen, and every crevice of the fliips examined, 
 fcraped, waflled with vinegar, and fmokcd. While 
 thi? lull operation was performing, the lower port-holes 
 
 wore 
 
 :^i 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 vO' 
 
;^>i^l' 
 
 f 
 
 ♦H 
 
 •■y.\ 
 
 >f: 
 
 '^ % 
 
 ►■\ 
 
 %' 
 
 mn 
 
 \n. 
 
 •it- 
 
 lit 
 
COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 501 
 
 were left open, for the rats to make their cfcapc ,• in 
 Ihort, n thorough rcvifion was dircded to be made of 
 every thing on board, a« well to cicanfe the furniture 
 from vermin, as to remove the danger of infrftion 
 from putrid air, generated by a perpetual fuccedion of 
 multitudes of people, between decks, ever fince our 
 arrival at Otahcitc. The fick were, at the fame time, 
 landed for the benefit of the air, and every means ufcd 
 to recover, and to prefirve them in health when re- 
 covered. Among the lick was Captain (>ook himfelf, 
 for whofc recovery the crews of both (liipn were under 
 much concern, as the fuccefs of the voyage was 
 thought in a great meafiirt to depend uiMin his care 
 and conduet. By the dodor's advice, he w^"! prevailed 
 upon to ficep on (horej where he was alliduoufly at- 
 tended, nij:;ht and day, by the furgeons of boih (hips, 
 who watched with him alternately, till he was out of 
 danger. As foon as he was able, he rode out every 
 day with Omiah on horfebat k, followed by the natives, 
 who, attradled by the novelty of the fight, flocked from 
 the remotcft parts of the ifland to be Ipedlators. Wc 
 alfo during our ftay in this harbour, carried the bread 
 en (liore to clear it of vermin. The number of cock- 
 roaches that infefted the fljip at this time is almoll 
 incredible. The damage wc fuflaincd by them was 
 very confidi i.iWe ; and every attempt to dcftroy them 
 proved friiitlcCs. If any kind of food was expofcd for 
 a few minutes, it was covered with thcfc noxious 
 inferts, who foon picrceel it full of holes, fo that it 
 refemblcd a honiycomb. They proved particularly 
 dellruitivc to birds which haii. been fluffed forcuri- 
 oiitics, and weje fo fond of ink, that they eat out 
 rhc writing on the labels taftcned to different articles ; 
 and the only thing tliat pnkivcd books from their 
 ravages, was the cloftncfs of their binding, which pre- 
 vented thcCe voracious dcllroyers from inlinuating 
 themftlvcs between the leaves. According to Mr. 
 Anderfon, they were of two forts, the tialla orientalis, 
 AnA ^amanica. The former had been carried home in 
 the Rcfolution, in her laff voyage, where ihcy withftood 
 the fevcrity of the winter, in 1776, though (he was in 
 dock all the time. The latter had only made their 
 appearance fincc our leaving New Zealand ; but had 
 Incrcafcd fo fait, that they now got even into our rig- 
 ging; fo that when a fail was loofened thoufands of 
 'them fell upon the decks. Though the orimialcs were 
 in infinite numbers, they feldom came out but in the 
 flight, when they made a particular noifc in crawling 
 about: and, belides their difagreeable appearance, 
 they did great mifchief to our bread, which dainty 
 feeders would have ill-reli(hcd, being fo befpattcred 
 with their excrement. 
 
 The carpenters and caulkers had no fooncr com- 
 pleted their bulinefs on board, than they were ordered 
 on fliore to cit& a houfe for O^iah, wherein he might 
 fecure the various European commodities that he had 
 in his poffefllon : at the fame time, others of our people 
 vere employed in making a garden for his ufe, plant- 
 ing vines, (haddocks, melons, pine-apples, and the 
 feeds of various kinds of vegetables ; all which were in 
 R flourifiiing (late before our departure from the ifland. 
 Omiah began now to pay a ferious attention to his own 
 affairs, and heartily repented of his ill-judged prodigali- 
 ty at Otaheite. Here he found a brother, a lifter, and 
 a brother-in-law, the fifter having been married : thefc 
 did not plundci him, as his other relations had lately 
 done ; it appeared, however, that though they had too 
 much honelly and good-nature to do him any injury, 
 yet, they were of too little confequcnce in the iiland, to 
 do him any real ferviccs, having neither authority nor 
 influence to protect his property or his perfon. Thus 
 circumftanced, he ran great rifque of being (tripped of 
 every thing he had received from his generous bcne- 
 fadlors, as foon as he ftibuld ceafe to be within the 
 reach of our powerful ptotcdlion. 1 le was now on the 
 point of being placed in a verj' fingular fuuation, 
 that of the only rich man in the kingdom and com- 
 munity of which he was to be a member -, and being 
 mafter of an accumulated quantity of a fpccies of 
 treafure, which his counrrymen could not create by 
 ■ No. 6r. 
 
 any art or induflry of their own, it was natural, there- 
 fore, to imagine, that while all wcredefirous of fharing 
 tnis envied wealth, all would be ready to join in 
 attempts to (trip its fole proprietor. As the mod 
 likely means of preventing this, Captain Cook advifed 
 him to diitr'ibute fome of nis moveables am<>ng two or 
 three of the principal chiefs 1 who, on being thus gra- 
 tified, might be induced to favour him with their 
 patronage, and (hi*ld him from the injuries of others. 
 Omiah promifed to follow this advirc, and we heard, 
 betbre wc failed, this prudent ftep had been taken. 
 The Captain, however, not confiding whollv in tht 
 operations of gi-atitiide, had recourfe to tne m*rc 
 forcible and effcdual motive of intimidation, taking 
 every opjjortunity of notifying to the inhabitants, that 
 it was his intention to make another vifit to their 
 iiland, alter h>iving been abfent the ufual time 1 and 
 :Ii;u if he did not find his friend in the fame (tatt 
 of fcLiirity in w hich he (hould leave him at picfent, alt 
 thofe wIkj had been his enemies might exped to be- 
 come the ohjci'ts of his lefentmenr. This menacing 
 declaration will, probably, have fome efledl ; for out 
 fuccellivc vifits of late years have induced thtfc'ldantlers 
 to believe, that our ftiips are 10 return at certain 
 periods ; and while they continue to entertain fuch a 
 notion, which the Captain thought a fair Itrata|.^eni to 
 confirm, Omiah has fome profpett of being fuHered td 
 thrive upon his new plantation. 
 
 On Wednefday, the 22d, the intercourfe of trade and 
 friendly ollices, between us and the inhabitants of 
 Hiiahcine, was i.itcrrupted i for, in the evening, one 
 of the latter found means to get into Mr. Bayley's ob- 
 fervarory, and carry off a fcxtant, unobferved. '■ Gap'. 
 tain Cook was no fooncr informed of this theft, than he 
 went alliore, and defircd Omiah to apply to the chiefs, 
 to procure rellitution. He accordingly made appli- 
 cation to them, but they took no fteps towards re- 
 covering the instrument, being more attentive to a 
 heeva, that was then exhibiting, till the Captain ordered 
 the performers to defift. Being now convinced he 
 was in earneft, they began to malcc fome enquiry after 
 the delinquent, who was fitting in the midft of them, 
 with fuch marks of unconcern, that the Ciptain was 
 in great doubt of his being guilty, particularly as he 
 denied it. Omiah affuring him this was the perfon, 
 he was fent on board the Kcfoiiition, and put in irons. 
 This railed an univerfal ferment among the iflanders, 
 and the whole body fled with precipitation. The 
 prifoner being examined by Omiah, was with fome 
 difficulty brought to confefs where he had- concealed 
 the fcxtant, and it was brought back unhurt the next 
 morning. After this, the natives recovered from their 
 confternation, and began to gather about us as ufual. 
 As the thief appeared to be a fhamelefs villain, the 
 Commodore punifhed him with greater feverity than 
 he had ever done any former culprit; for, befides 
 having his head and beard (haveil, he ordered both 
 his cars to be cut off, and his eye-brows to be fleed, 
 than which no punifhment could have fubjefted him 
 to greater difgrace. In this bleeding condition he was 
 fent on (hore, and expofed as a fpedacic to intimidate 
 the people from meddling with what was not their 
 own. The natives lo{)ked with horror upon the man, 
 and it was eafy to perceive that this aft gave them ge- 
 neral difguft: even Omiah was affed^, though he 
 endeavoured to iuftify it, by telling his friends, that if 
 fuch a crime hadf been committed in the cjiunrry where 
 he had been, the thief would have lieen fentenced to 
 lofc his life. But, how well foever he might carry off the 
 matter, he dreaded the confequencesto nimfelf, which, 
 in part, appeared in a few days, and were probably 
 more fevercly felt by him, foon after we were gone. 
 
 Saturday, the ic,\h, a general alarm was fpread, oc- 
 cafioned by a report, that one of our goats had been 
 ftolcn by the above-mentioned thief; and thou 'j, 
 upon examination, we found every thing fafe i.i that 
 quarter, yet it appeared, that he had dcftroyed and 
 carried off from Omiah's grounds, feveral vines and 
 cabt>age plants ; that he had publicly threatened ta 
 put him to death, and to fet jiic to his houf<; aj fi>on a| 
 6L wc 
 
 'n 
 
 i 
 
 '\x 
 
 (' ", 
 
ioa 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 !i I'l 
 
 ■- 'i ■ 
 
 • I 
 
 !%«« 
 
 ; :' ■ ! 
 
 we (hould auit thii place. To prevent hit doinf; anv 
 Further mifchief, the Captain ordered him to be fcizcu, 
 Midtronfined again on board the (hip, with a view of 
 carrying him oH' the ifland; and thii intention feemed 
 to give general fatitfiidion tu all the chief*. He was 
 a native of Bolabolai but there were too many of the 
 people here ready toco-operate with him in all his de- 
 ngni. We had, indeed, alwaya met with mnrc troubli- 
 Ibmc people in Huahcine, than in any other of the ad- 
 jacent idandii and it was only fmm fear, and the want 
 of proper opportunities, that induced thetn to behave 
 better now. Anarchy and cunfulion Teemed to prevail 
 among them. Their Earec rahic, as we have already 
 obferved,was but a childt and we did not obfervc, that 
 there was one individual, or any fet of men, who held 
 the reins of government for him s fo that whenever any 
 mifunderrtanding occurred between us, we ncvci knew, 
 with fufficicnt precifion, to whom it was neccfTary to 
 apply, in order to etfed an accommodation, or procure 
 reiircA. On Thurfday, the 30th, early in the morning, 
 ourprironer,the Bolabola-inan, found means to efcape 
 from his confinement, and out of the (hip, earning 
 with him the (hackle of the bilboo-bolt that had been 
 put about his leg, which was taken from him as foon 
 as he arrived on (hore, by one of the chiefs, and given 
 to Omiah, who quickly came on board, to inform the 
 Captain, that his mortal enemy was again let loofe upon 
 him. We found, upon enquiry, that the fentry placed 
 over the prifoner, and even the whole watch in that 
 part of the (hip where he was confined, having fallen 
 aflecp, he fcized the favourable opportunity, took the 
 key of the irons out uf the drawer into which he had 
 feen it put, and fet himfelf at liberty. This efcape 
 convinced the Commodore, that his people had been 
 very remifs in their night-duty; which rendered it nc- 
 ceiTary to chaltife thole who were now in fault, and to 
 cftablilh fomc new Fegulationa that might prevent fimi- 
 lar negligence in future. We were picafcd at hearing, 
 ftfterwaros, that the fellow who cfcapcd, had gone over 
 to Ulietca; but it was thought by fomc, he only intended 
 to conceal himfdf till our departure, when he would 
 revenge the indignity we had treated him with, by open 
 or fecrec atucks upon Omiah. The houfc of this great 
 man bdns now nearly finiflied, many ot his moveables 
 were earned adiore. Among other articles was a box 
 of toys, which greatly picafcd the gazing multitude: 
 but as to his plates, dilhes, drinking mugs, glalTes, and 
 the whole train of houfchold apparatus, fcarce one of 
 his countrymen would even look at them. Omiah hinv- 
 Iclf began to thiok, that they would be of no fervice 
 to him: that » baked hog was more favory than a 
 boiled one: that a plantain leaf made as good a difh or 
 plate as pewter; and that a cocoa-nut ihell was as con- 
 venient a goblet as one of our mugs. He t'.ierefore 
 difpofed of moft of thefe articles of Englilh furniture 
 among the crew of our (hipsi and received from them, 
 in return, hatchets, and otner iron implements, which 
 had a more intrinfic value in this part of the world. 
 Among the numerous prefents beftowed upon him in 
 England, fireworks had not been omitted;, fome of 
 whrch we exhibited in the evening of the 28th, before 
 a great number of people, who beheld them with a mix- 
 ture of pleafure and tear. Thofe that remained were 
 put in order, and left with Omiah, purfuant to their 
 original dedination. 
 
 Wc now began to make preparations for our depar- 
 ture from Huahdnc, and got every thing off from the 
 ftiote this evening, except a gpat big with kid, a horfe 
 and a mare, which were lefk in the polTeflion of Omiah, 
 who was now to be finally feparated from us. We gave 
 himalfo a boar, and two fows, of the iS:ngli(h breed ; 
 and he had got two fows of his own. The horfe had 
 covered the mare during our continuance at Otahcite ; 
 fo that the introdudion of a breed of horfes into thcic 
 iflands, has probably fuccceded. by this valuable pre- 
 feot. With r^tfd to Omiah's domcltic eftablifluaent, 
 he bad piocui^ at Otahcite, four or five toutous^rpao- 
 pie <d UKlttwer clala : the two young New Zealanders 
 nmained widi him, and his brother, with fome others, 
 jeioKi hiim ^that his frmil/ now confiOcd of ten or 
 
 eleven perfons : if that can bciuflly d nominated a fa- 
 mily, to which not one fe;naie belonged. The houfc 
 which our people eredcd for him was 14 fret by 18, 
 'md ten feet high: it wascompofcd of Guards, which 
 were the fpoiU of cur miliury o))era(ions at I'imco, 
 and in the conflnidtion of it, at few nails as po(TiGlc 
 were ufcd, le(t an inducement flioiild arifc, from a de- 
 fire of iron, to pull it dow n. It was a^^rccd upon, that, 
 immediately after our departure, ho Ihould crcot a (^a- 
 ciout houfe, after the faOtion of his own country; one 
 end of which was to be brought over that we had 
 built, fo as entirely toenclofe it lor j^rcatcr ft( urity. In 
 this work, fome of the chiefs of the illand promifid to 
 contribute their afTlftance ; and if the intended build- 
 ing (hould cover theground which was marked out for 
 it, few of the houlcs in Huaheine will exceed it in 
 magnitude. Omiah's European weapons confided of 
 a fowling piece, two pair of pillols, fevcral fMords, 
 cutlalTes, a muflvet, bayonet, and a cartouch box. After 
 he had got on (hore whatever belonged 10 him, he in- 
 vited feveral times the two captains, and moft of the 
 oflicersof both (liipstodinewith himi on which oc- 
 cafioiu his table was plentifully fpread with the Ix-ft 
 provifions that the illand could aHitrd. Omiah, thus 
 powerfully fupportcd, went through the f i tigjcs of the 
 day better than could have been cxpedcd from the dc- 
 fpondency that appeared in his countenance, when firft 
 the company began to alTemhle. Perhaps his awkward 
 fituation, between half luiglilh and half Indian pre- 
 parations, might contribute not a licclc to cmbanafs 
 him; fur having never before made an cntcrtainincnt 
 himfelf, thou^j^h he had been a partaker at niany b»)tli in 
 England and in the iilands, he was yet at a lofs to con- 
 duit himfelf properly to fo many gii'rti, all of them 
 ru|)erior to himfelf in pointof rank, tliougli he mii^t 
 be faid to be fuperior, in point of fortune, to molVof 
 the chiefs prclcnt. Nothing, however, was wantinf; 
 toimprefs the inhabitants with an opinion of Omiah's 
 confeauencc. The drums, truinpcui, bagpipes, haut- 
 boys, nutes, violins, in (hort, the whole band of niufit: 
 attended, and took it by turns to play while dinner was 
 getting ready ; and when the company were feated, the 
 whole Dand joined in full concert, to the admiration of 
 crowds of the inhabitants, who were a(rembled round 
 the houfe on this occafion. The dinner con(ilU-d,aj 
 ufual, of the variousproduAions of the idunil, barbi- 
 cued hogs, fowls dreflcd, fome after the manner of the 
 country, and others after the Englilh fadiion, with 
 plenty of wine and other liquors, with which two or three 
 of the chiefs made \cry free. Dinner over,hcevas and 
 fire-works fucceeded, and when night approached, the 
 multitudes that attended us fpeiflators difpcrfed. with- 
 out the lead di(()rder. Before we (ct fail, the Cummo- 
 dorecaufed the following infcription to be cut in the 
 front of Omiah's houfe ; 
 
 GforgittJ trftius, Rex, 2 Nevetntris, 1777. 
 
 ^'fves I Oijco^yy^ Car. Clerke, Pr. 
 
 November ind, on Sunday, at four o'clock P. NT. 
 we took the advantage of an eadcrly breeze, and Tailed 
 out of Owharre harbour. While here, we had procured 
 more than 400 hogs, many of them large. Though 
 it had been found in former voyages, that mod of them 
 which were carried to fca alive rcfufed to eat, and con- 
 fequently were foon killed, yet we refolved to make one 
 experiment more; and by procuring large quantities 
 of yams, and other roots, on which they were accuf- 
 tomed to feed on fliore, wc ventured to take a few in 
 each (hip ; and for this purpofe our carpenters had pre- 
 pared (lyes for their reception in thofe parts where 
 they might remain cool. Mod of our friends, natives of 
 Huahcine, continued on board till our veflels were under 
 (ail; when the Captain, to gratify their curiodty, ordered 
 five of the great guns to be fired. Then they all left us, 
 except Omiah, wno remained till we were out at fea. 
 We had come to fail b^ a hawfer (s.dcned to the (hore, 
 which in cafting the (hip, parted, being cut by the rocks, 
 and tu outer end was left behind : it therefore became 
 necci&ry to difpatch a boot to bring it on (hore. In 
 
 this 
 
COOK'S THIRD •n«i LAST VOVAGB— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 03 
 
 >atcd a fa- 
 Thc houfc 
 fret by 18, 
 rds, Mhkh 
 at I'inifo, 
 > Its pofTiblc 
 froii) u dc- 
 upan, chat, 
 rcCt a fpa- 
 uncryt one 
 at vte had 
 L'tuiity. In 
 ,)iomircd to 
 idcd build- 
 kcd out tor 
 xcecd It in 
 ronfilled uf 
 ral fMordt, 
 box. After 
 liim, he in- 
 nuiH of the 
 which oc- 
 th the iKft 
 3niiali, thus 
 ^'jcs of the 
 cm the dc- 
 i', when Rrft 
 Ills .iwkwnrd 
 Indian pre- 
 
 crnbarrafs 
 itcr(ainiiicnt 
 luny b«>th i^ 
 
 \o(s to con- 
 all of them 
 ^ii he miu;ht 
 , to iTioft of 
 was wanting 
 
 1 of Oniiah'i 
 ;pipcs, haut- 
 ind of niufit 
 c dinner was 
 :re feated, the 
 idniiration of 
 niblcd round 
 ' confillcd.as 
 iflanil, barbi- 
 nanncrof the 
 falhion, with 
 h two or three 
 cr, hccvas and 
 :»roached, the 
 ■pcrffd. with- 
 
 thc Commo- 
 bc cut in the 
 
 '777- 
 
 Pr. 
 
 ,Pr. 
 
 a'clock P. M. 
 zc, and Uilcd 
 !had procured 
 rgc. Though 
 : moil of thcin 
 
 eat, and con- 
 d to make on« 
 irge quantitir« 
 cy were accuf- 
 
 take a few in 
 enters had prc- 
 e parts wncre 
 moi, natives of 
 dels were under 
 rioflty, ordered 
 1 they all left ut, 
 ^ere out at fea. 
 icd to the (hore, 
 ;utbv the rocks, 
 icrefore became 
 it on ftiore. U 
 ^his 
 
 this boat Onjiah went afhore, uid took * very artec- 
 tionite and final leave of the Captain, nrver to fee hin> 
 more. He had endeavoured to prevail on Captain 
 Cook to let him return to Englwid. which imde his 
 partinir with him and our officcra the more affciluig. 
 If tears could have prevailed on our commander to let 
 him return, Omiah'* eyes were never dry , «nJ 't the 
 tendered fuppUcations of a dutiful fon to an obdurate 
 father roultl have made any imprcflion, Omiah hung 
 lound his neck in all the feeming agony of a child try- 
 ing to melt the heart of a rcliii'lant parent. He twined 
 his arms roundhiin with the ardour of inviolable fricnd- 
 (hio, till Capuin Cook, unable any longer to contain 
 himfelf, broke from him, ami retired to his cabin, t« 
 indulge that natural fympathy which he could not rc- 
 fjft, leaving Omiah to dry up his teart, and compofc 
 hiinfdf on the Quarter deck. On his return, he rea- 
 foncd with hii friend, upon the impropriety of his re- 
 qucfti reminding him of his anxietiea while in Eng- 
 land, left he (hould nevermore have been permitted l<» 
 return home » and now that he had been reftored to hia 
 friends and country, at a great cxpcnce to his royal 
 mafter, it was childifti to cnwrtain a notion of being 
 carried back. Omiah renewed his tears and faid, he 
 had indeed wiftied to fee bis country and friends j but 
 havirtg fecn them he wm contented, and would never 
 long for home again. Captain Cook aflurcd him of 
 his bcft wiihes, but his inftruftions mud be obeyed, 
 which were to leave him with his friends. Such was 
 the parting fcene between Omiah and his patron; nor 
 were the two New Zealand boys under lefs concern to 
 leave us than Omiah. They had already learned to 
 fi)i'ak tngiifti enough to exprefs their hopes and their 
 fi.ars. '1 ney hoped to have gone along with the fliips, 
 and cried bitterly when they undetftood they were to 
 be Icit behind. Thence arofe a new fcene between 
 Oniiah and hisfervants, that, had not the otticers on thft 
 quarterdeck interpofcd, might have ended unfortu- 
 nately for the former 1 for they rcfufed to quit the ftiip, 
 till they were compelled to it bv force, which would 
 have been no eafy nutter, the eldcfl, near lixtecn, be- 
 ing of an athletic make; and the youngcft, about ele- 
 ven, a giant of his age. They were both tradlable and 
 obliging, till they found they were to be left at Hua- 
 hcine, Dut. knowing this at our departure from that 
 place, they grew delperatc till fubdued. They difco- 
 vered dilpmitJons the very reverfe of the inand>.'rs, 
 among whom they were dclUned t« abide during the 
 remainder of their lives; and, indeadofa mean, timid 
 fubmiiTion. ihey (hewed a manly determined refolution 
 not to be fubdued, though overcome; and ready, if 
 there had been a pofllbility to fucceed, to have made a 
 jlkond or even third attempt to have regained their li- 
 berty. We could never learn Capuin Coak's rcafon, 
 for refufing to take on board fome of thofc gallant 
 ycuths from New Zealand, who, no doubt, would have 
 nude ufeiiil hands in the high latitudes we were about 
 to explosc. and would be&des have been living exhibi- 
 tions of a people, whofe portraits have been imperfectly 
 depidled even by our bcft draughtfmen. There is a 
 da^ntlef8 fiercenefs in the eyes and countenance of a 
 New Z^ealand warrior, which the pencil of the mod 
 eminent artift cannot imitate; and we lament the non- 
 importation oS a 'Mtive from every climate, where na- 
 ture had marked a vifible didinif^ion in the charaders 
 of pcrfoD and mind. Having bid farewel to Omiah, 
 he was accompanied by Mr. Kinir in the boat, who in- 
 formed ua, he had wept all the time he was going 
 aihore. 
 
 Though we had now, to our great fatisfa&ion, brought 
 Omiah lafe back to the very (pot from whence he was 
 taken, it i* probable we left him in a fituation lefs dc- 
 rirabte than that which he was in before his connedlion 
 withui: not that, having taded the comforts of civi- 
 lized life, he muft become rkhv wretched from being 
 obliged to relinquilh all thoughts of continuing them, 
 but merely bec^ufc. the advantages he received nom us. 
 have placed him in a more basardous finiation. with re- 
 fpcd to his perfonal Afctjr. From being {peatly ca- 
 cefled in Englanc^ he had loft fight of his prnnaiy con- 
 
 dition, and did not coniider in what manner hit k7> 
 quifiiions, either of knowledge, or of wcaltJi. would 
 be edimatcd bv his countrymen, at his rett*n. which 
 were the only tnings whtirhy he could recommend hiin« 
 fcif to them now, more than before, and on which ha 
 could lay the foundation either of his future greatneft 
 or happmefs. He appeared to have, in fome meafurtf 
 forgotten their cullonM in this reA>e<^t, and even to have 
 midakcn their genius; ocherwile he mud have bent 
 convinced of the extreme difficulty he would find in 
 getting hiiiifelf admitted as a man of rank, whcra 
 there is fcarcely a lingle indancc of a pcrfun's being 
 raifed from an inferior llation evenby the Breatdl me- 
 rit. Rank feems to be the foundation of all power Mfi4 
 didindtion here, and is fo pcrtinacioully adhered to. 
 that, unkTs a perfon has fome degree of it, he will b« 
 contemned and hated, if he pretends to exercife anjr 
 authority. This was really the cafe, in fome degree, 
 with Omiah; though his countrymen were rather cai»- 
 tious in exprelTing their fcntimcnts while we continued 
 amoiwtheni. Neverthclefs, had he made a proper 
 ufeof the prefents he brought with him from Great 
 Britain, this, with the knowledge he had gained by tra- 
 velling, might have enabled him to have formed the 
 mod advantageous coniic(ttions : but he exhibited too 
 many proofs of a weak inattention to this obvious 
 means of promoting his intered. He had formed 
 fchemes of a higher nature, perhaps, with more truth, 
 it may be faid, meaner; for revenge, rather than a de- 
 fire of greatnefs, appeared to influence him from the 
 beginning. Ills father was, certainly, a man of con- 
 fxKrable property in Ulietea, when that ifland was fub- 
 dued by the inhabitants of Bolabola, and with many 
 others, fled for refuge to Huaheinr, where he died, and 
 left Omiah. with feveral other children, who thus be- 
 came entirely dependent. In this lituation Oiptain 
 Furneaux took him up, and brought him to England. 
 Whether he eXpciiied, from the treatment he there iiKt 
 with, that any alTidancc would be afforded him againd 
 the enemies of his father and his 'country ; or whether 
 he had the vanity to fuppofe, that his own fupcriority of 
 knowledge, and perfonal courage, would be fuflicient 
 to difpoflcfsthc conquirors of Ulietea, is uncertain; 
 but. from the very commencement of the voyage, this 
 was l)is condant topic. He would not pay any attention 
 to our remondrances on fuch an inconlideratc detcrmi^ 
 nation, but was difpleafcd, whenever more reafonable 
 counfels were propofcd for his benefit. N:y, he was fb 
 ridi6uloufly attached to his favourite fcheme, that he 
 affeded to believe the Bolabolans would ceruinly c^uit 
 the conquered ifland, as foon as they diould have in- 
 telligence of his arrival in Otaht <te. As we proceeded, 
 however, on our voyage, he began to perceive his er- 
 ror; and, by the time of our arrival at the Friendlf 
 Idands, had fuch apprehenfions of an unfavourable re- 
 ception in his own ci>untry, that he was inclined to have 
 remained at Tongat boo, under the protection of his 
 friend Feenou. At tt tfe idands he fquandered away a 
 confidcrable part of hi. European treafure; and he was 
 equalfy imprudent at O. theite, till Captain Cook put a 
 dop to his profufion. 1 le alio formed fuch improper 
 connedions there, that Oioo. though at tird difpofed to 
 countenance him. afterwards exprediKl openly his dif- 
 approbation of his condud. He might, however, have 
 recovered the favour of that chief, and have fettled, to 
 great advantage, in Otahcite, as he had formerly lived 
 fome years there, and was now honoured with the nq- 
 tice of Towha, whofc valuable prefent of a large double 
 canoe has been already mentioned. But he continued 
 undetermined to the lad, and probably would not have 
 adopted the plan of fettlement in Huaheine, if Captain 
 Cook had not fo pofitively reflifed to employ force io 
 redoring him to the pofTeflion of his father's property. 
 Omiah's greated danger, in his prefent fituation, will 
 arifcifrom the very imprudent declarations of his an- 
 tipathy to the Bolabolans; for thofe people, from mo- 
 tives of jealoufy, will undoubtedly endeavour to render 
 him obnoxious to the inhabitants of Huaheinc; and as 
 they are now at peace with that ifland, they may eafily 
 accomplidi tlieir ddigns. This circumdance he might, 
 
 with 
 
 i •• 
 
 % 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
5*4 
 
 Cifi.'C O O K'« V O Y A OES COMPLETE. 
 
 W )l 
 
 I II 
 
 H 
 
 ■1, 
 
 W^ I 
 
 
 •i'i* 
 
 iil. 
 
 -VitK f^rrat rafr, havr avoided i lor (hry were not only 
 Jrcefrom any averfioiun him, hiic the old rhicf, who 
 •ii rnturedby the lutivei nf rhe Soriciy idandi, to Ix a 
 -prioft, orno«1, even ortcredTo rrintUte him In hit fh- 
 thct'i lanHi): btit he itercmpthrily rrfitCed thiti and, tb 
 jihe very lafl, cnntinucd lixrd In hit rcfolution to em- 
 brace the f\A opimrtunity of fatMlyinfi hii rev(np;e in 
 -battle. To thin nc ii pcrhapi nm » little ftimiilaird by 
 .the roat nf mail he hnni^^ht from I'.ngland i clothed in 
 which, and furnidicti with lire armi, he idly ima^^inei 
 he lliill be invmcibli'. Bii* the defert* in Oihiah'i 
 rharac'icr were contiilerably overh»Unced by his f{reat 
 flnod nature, ami diH-ilc tniotnlileitifpoliiion. Cnntnin 
 Cook, during the whole time he was with him, rdttom 
 had ri-afon to be fcrioiiily difplcafcd with hi« aeneml 
 «ondiK'L Huptratifulhrart ever retained the nigheft 
 fenCe of the (avouri conferred on him in blnglandi nor 
 .will he ever be uninindriil of thofe w^o honoured him 
 while in that l(incdoin, with their fricidlliip and prd- 
 teiflion. 'Ihougn he had a tolerable fliare of undcr- 
 ■ftanding, he Iheucd little application and perfeverance 
 rinrxcrtinc; it, fu that he had but n general and imper- 
 fed knowledge of things. He wai not a man much 
 ufcd to obfervaiion i otiicrwirc, he might have conveyed 
 ■to his native country many elegant nmufements, and 
 ufeful arts, to be found among the Friendly Iflandersi 
 "but we never peiceiveii. that he endeavoiired to make 
 himlilt malicr ol any one oi them. Such indifference 
 
 ■ is, mdeed, thccharacieriflic foiMe o( his eountrymen. 
 Though they have been vilited l)y iMiropeani, at timtrs, 
 ■for thefe ten ycarii pM\, we routd not liifcern the (T^hteft ! 
 -»cl\igeofany attempt trt profit by ihin interview, nor have 
 ihey hitherto imitated iisbutin veryfewrefjTfifls. Itmiift 
 ;rot, therefore, be expected, that Umiah will be ai)Ic to 
 •intrcxluce among them many arts and cuftoms, or nuirh 
 improve thole to which they have been familiarized bv 
 long habit. We truH, however, that he will exert hfs 
 endeavours to bring to pcrfedion the various fruits nftd ' 
 vegetables th.it were planted by us, which will be rth ' 
 'fmallarquilition. I!ut the principal advantage theft: 
 illands are likely to receive from the travels o(l)miah, 
 will probably arife from the animals.that have been left 
 upon them ; w hich, perhaps, they never would have ob- 
 tained, if he had not come over to Kn^Iand. When 
 /thefe multiply, Otalwite, and the Society Iflw) will 
 xqual any place in the iviiown world, with refpcft to 
 
 nrovilions. Omiah's return, and the fubifaiHlal propfs 
 nc bad difplaycd of Britifli liberality, encouraged iriany 
 •to offer themfelves as volunteers to accompany us to 
 Prctannc ; but our Commodore took every opportunity 
 of exprcliing his fixed determination to rejrit all api. 
 plications of that kind : and Omiah, who was ambi- 
 -tious of remaining the only grear traveller among 
 them, being afraid the Commodore might be prevailed 
 ■upon to place others in the &mc iituation, as rivals, 
 fretiuently reminded him of the declaration of the 
 Earl of Sandwich, that no others of his countrymen 
 were to be carried to England. When the Captain 
 was about to bid farcwel to Omiah, he gave him hit laft 
 Jrlfons of innrudion how to ad: directing him' at the 
 •fame time to fend his boat over to Ulietea, his native 
 ifland.to let him know how the chiefc bchavetl to him in 
 ■the abfencc of the (hips. If well, he was to fend by the 
 •meirenger three white beads : if they feized upon hii 
 Hock, or broke in upon his plantation, three reel beads: 
 or if things remained juft aa we left them, he was to 
 fend three fpott«d beads. 
 
 ' As foon as the boat, in Which Omiah « iS conveyed 
 afhorc, had returned, with the remainder of the haw- 
 •fer, to the (hip, we lioil^cd her in, and flood over for 
 iJlietca without delay. The next morning, being the 
 3d, wc made faiVround the fouthcm end of that ifland, 
 for the harbour of Ohamaneno. We met with light 
 airs and calms alternately, fo that at twelve o'clock wc 
 
 ■ were Aill at the diilance of a league from the mouth of 
 4hc harbour; and while wc were thus deuincd, Oreo, 
 •the chief of the ifland, with his fon and fon in law, 
 
 came off to pay us a vifit All the boat* were now 
 hoifted out, and fcnt a-hc-d to tow, bciiig afTifted by a 
 flight fouthcrly breeze. This foon failing, ant) being 
 
 3 . 
 
 (iifceeiled by an eafterlv one, which blew right out df 
 rhehavbrtur, we were obliged to anchor at it* entrance, 
 about two o'clock I*. M^ and to warp in, which eitt- 
 
 Cloyed us till night. We were no fooner within the 
 arbour, than our fhipt were furroundcd with cMndd, 
 filled with the natives, who brought a fupply of fruit 
 and hng^, which they exchanged lor our commnditiet. 
 The following day, the Refolution was moored clufe 
 to the northern lliorc, at the entrance of the harbour, 
 and the Pifrovrry along fide the fuuthcrn Ihore. In 
 the mean time; Captain Cook returned Oreo's vifit, and 
 prefenrcd that chief with a red feathered cap from 
 I'ongatalKio, a fliirt, a linen gown, and a (tw other 
 things of lefs value. Oreo, and fome of his friends, 
 then accompanied hint on boartl to dinner. 
 
 On Thurfilay the 6th, we landed the remainder of 
 our live Hock, fet up the obfcrvatoriet, and carried tha 
 necdFary infhuments on fhore. The two fucceeding 
 days, Captain Cook, Mr. King, and Mr. Bayley, ob- 
 feived the fun's azimuths, botn on fliore and aboard, 
 with all the compafles, inordertodifcoverthe variation. 
 Nothing remarkable happened, till very early in the 
 morning of Thurfday, the nth, when a fentinel, at the 
 oblervatory, rtamcd John Harrifon, defertcd, taking 
 with him his mulkct and at'coutrements. .\s foon as 
 we had filmed intelligence which way he was gone, a 
 party w as detached in learch of him 1 nut they returned 
 in the evening w ithout fiiccefs. The next day the Cap- 
 rariv applied to the chief concerning this affair, wno 
 promiled to fend a party of the illandcrs after the fugi- 
 tive,' and j^-^ve us hopes that he fhould be brought back 
 in th-' courle of that day. This, however, ^ id nor 
 hapjvn ; and we had reafon to imagine, that the thief 
 hid taken no Heps to find hiia At this time a con- 
 lider.ible number «f the natives were aboiit the fliips, 
 and fe^■e^al thefts committed, the confequtnccs Of 
 which being apprehended by them, very few came to 
 vifit us the next morning. C3rc6 himfelf cliught the 
 «lar»ii, and Hed with his whole family. Captain Cook 
 coiWidenNl this as a good opportunity to infift upon their 
 delivering up the deferter; and having heard he was at 
 a place called Halnoa, fit'uate on the other fide of the 
 ifland, he rep:iired thither with two armed boats, at- 
 tended by a native. In our way, we met with the chief, 
 who embarked with us. The Captain, with a few of 
 his men, landing about a mile and a half from the'fpot, 
 marched up to 11 with great expedition. Icfl the fight of 
 the boats fliould give the alarm, and allow the offender 
 fullicient time tocfcapc to the mountains. This pre- 
 caution proved unnecelfaryi for the natives of that 
 paa of the ifland having obtained information of the 
 Captain's approach, were prepared to deliver the de- 
 ferter. He was found with his mufket lying before 
 him, feated betwixt two women, who, the intTant that 
 the Captain entered the houfe, rofe up to plead in his 
 vindication. As fuch proceedings deferved to be dif- 
 couragcd. the Captain with a Hern look, bid them be 
 gone i upon which they burfl into tears, and retired. 
 Paha, the chief of that diftrid, now came with a fuck- 
 ing pig, and a plantain-tree, which he wjis on the point 
 of prefenting to Captain Cook, as a pcacc-olTering, 
 whorejeded it| aiwl having ordered the chief to quit 
 his prefence, embarked witn Harrifon in one of the 
 boats, and returned to the fltips. After this, harmony 
 was fjjeedlly reftored. The delinquent made no other 
 excule for his condud, than that the natives had en- 
 ticed him away ; which perhaps was in a^ great mea- 
 fure h"uc, as Paha, and the two women above-mentioned, 
 had been at the fhip the day before his defertion. As 
 he had remained upon his pofl till within a few minutes 
 of time in which he was to have been relieved by ano- 
 ther, the puniftiment he received was not very fever*. 
 About a fortnight after we had arrived at Ulietea, 
 Omiah difpatched two of his people in a canoe, with 
 intelligence, that he continued undiflurbed by the in- 
 habitants of Huaheine, and that even thing lucceeded 
 with him, except that his goat had died m kidding. 
 This information was accompanied with a re^ueft. that 
 Captain Cook would fend him another goat, and aUb 
 two axes, fleafcd with this additional opportunity of 
 
 fcrving 
 
Ilgtit out 6( 
 
 I which em- 
 within th« 
 kith ctiniwi, 
 Iply of fruit 
 linmoditici. 
 noorcii clulie 
 pc harbour, 
 1 Ihorc. Ill 
 )'« vifit, and 
 1 cip from 
 ftw other 
 Ihii frirndi, 
 
 bmaindcr of 
 carried tha 
 fucceeding 
 !Jaylcjr, oh- 
 knd aboard, 
 f»c variation, 
 barly in the 
 Jitinel, at the 
 ftrd, taking 
 As foon at 
 [wa« gone, a 
 ley returned 
 \*y the Cap- 
 affair, who 
 ter the fiigi- 
 rought hack 
 ^er, did nor 
 at the ehief 
 time acon- 
 lut the fliips, 
 ■qui- aces 01' 
 few came to 
 ctiiight the 
 ajjrain Cook 
 rt upon their 
 rd he wu at 
 fide of the 
 xl boats, at- 
 rith the chief, 
 ith a few of 
 t)m the'fpot, 
 1 the light of 
 the of^nder 
 This pre- 
 ives of that 
 ation of the 
 liver the de- 
 lying before 
 inltant that 
 plead in hit 
 xl to be dif- 
 bid them be 
 and retired, 
 with a fuck- 
 on the point 
 »ce-offering, 
 :hlef to quit 
 one of the 
 is, harmony 
 ide no other 
 vcs hadcn- 
 grcat mea- 
 -mentioncd, 
 fertion. As 
 few minutes 
 vcdby ano- 
 very feven. 
 at Uiictca, 
 canoe, with 
 I bythe in- 
 ig (ucceeded 
 m kidding, 
 re^ueft, that 
 Mt, and aUb 
 •portainity of 
 fcrving 
 
 COOKi 'IIIIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To tlic l'A( IMC OCKAN, &t. 505 
 
 fcrving hiifrieml, the Oiptain fenl lw< k thr niciringcr 
 to I luaheinc, on the 1 Hth. with thr axes, and a m ilc uiid 
 fenmic kid. On Wedncfday, the igth, our i omii.indcr 
 of hii Majcfty'slhip.thc Kcfolution, iklivcuil to Cap- 
 lain Clerke hit inftruCUont how to pr»)Cf<il in (ad- »( 
 (cpanilion, after quitting thrfe illaiuls, of winch the 
 following it, we believe, a true copy. 
 
 Ji^mffims JtlivtirJ h Catlain '/.luiii Cvik, to Ciiplam 
 Charles Ofrke, (hmmaMJn- of bi< At.ijr/ly'i /lip, the 
 Di/tnery, IfrJne/Jiiy ibf 1 yth nf S'lArmhir, 1777. 
 
 •"WHERKASthepniragc fromthe Society I, ^nils.to 
 the northern coaft of America, is o( conliilerabic kngth, 
 bmhindilUnceand in time, and as a part n^ it muO 
 be performed in the very depth of wituir, when ^alcs 
 of wind and bad weather mull be cxpcMiil, and may 
 
 Eoflibly ocialion a feparation, you arc to take all polli- 
 le care to prevent this. But it, nntwithllamlinn all 
 our care to keep company, ytiu (houUI b«* feparated 
 from me, vou are lirft to look lor tne whcic you lall 
 law me. Not feeing me in live <lays, you arc to pro- 
 cccd (as direOleil by the inllniclions of their lordlnips, 
 a copy of which you have already rcccivcil) for the 
 coallof New Albioni endcavourinj^ to fall in with it in 
 the latitude of 45 deg. In which, and at a cnnvcniiiu 
 dirtancc from land, you are to crui/c lor nc ti n »iays. 
 Not feeing mc in that time, you arc to put into the 
 firll convenient port, in, or to the north of that lati- 
 tude, torn riiit vour wixxl ami viatcr, ami to procure 
 refrclhmciits. During your flay in |M)rt, you arc ton- 
 flantly to kiopa good look-out for me. It will \ie ne- 
 celfary, therelore, to make choice of a Ilatit>n, lituati d 
 as near the Tea toaft as pollible, the better to enable 
 
 {ou to fee me, when I may appear in the oiling. Should 
 not join you befoie the irt of next April, you are to 
 put to fea, and to proceed northw ard to the latitude of 
 56 deg. in which, and at a con\\:nieiit tiiilance from 
 the coait, never exceeding 1 5 kanucs, you are to crui/e 
 for me till the 10th of May. Not feeing me at that 
 time, you are to procecil northwud, and endeavour to 
 find a paflageinto the Atlantic Ocean, through Hudfon's 
 or Baifin's Bays, at dircded by the above-mentioned 
 inftruiflions. 
 
 " But if you fhould fail in finding a paffagc through 
 either of the faid Bays, or by any other way, as the fea- 
 lonof the year may render it unfifc lor you to remain 
 in high latitudes, you arc to repair to the harbour of 
 St. Peter and St. Paul, in Kamptfchatka, in order to 
 rcfrefli your people, and to pafs the winter. Nevcr- 
 thelefs, if you hnd, that you cannot procure the ne- 
 cclfary refreflimcnts, at the faid port, you are at liberty 
 to go where you (hall think proper; taking care before 
 you depart to leave with the governor an account of 
 your intended dcnination, to h« delivered to me upon 
 my arrival : and in the fpring of the cnfuiiig year, 1 779, 
 you arc to repair back to the above-mentioned port, en- 
 deavouring to be there by the lOth of May, or fooncr. 
 If on your arrival, you receive no orders fioin, or ac- 
 count of me, fo as tojufliiy your purfuing any other 
 meafures than what are pointed out in the before men- 
 tioned inftrujflions, your future proceedings are to be 
 governed by them. You are alfo to comply with fucb 
 parts of the faid inftnicf ions, as have not been . ^'- 
 cuted, and are not contrary to thefe orders. >* • . i in 
 cafe of your inability, by ficknefs.orother if, to carry 
 thefe, and the inllrudions of their lordlhips into execu- 
 tion, you are to be careful to leave them with the next 
 officer in command, who is hctcliy required to execute 
 them in the bell manner he can." 
 
 On Monday the a4th, in the morning, Mr. M— — , 
 midfliipman, and the gunner's mate, two of the Dif- 
 covery's people, were milling. They had embarked 
 in a canoe, with two of their Otaheitean milfes, the 
 preceding night, and were now at the other end of the 
 ifland. At the midfhipman had cxprefled a dcfire of 
 continuing at one of the Society Iflands, it was ex- 
 tremely probable, that he and his companion had gone 
 oft' with that intent. Captain Clerke therefore, with 
 tyg armed boats, and a detachment of marines, fet 
 
 No. 6a, 
 
 W 
 
 •Hit in qucH of the fiigitivn, hit return^ J in the even* 
 ing without fucrefs. rroni the iK-havioui ol the illand* 
 irs, he was of opinion, that thry ind nded to conrral 
 the drfertrr«i and, with thin view had (K-< rived him 
 with fall'e infiirmation directing him to feek lor iluin 
 whire they (ould not W' found, I le w,ii not tnillukeni 
 lor, the next iii(»rning, iiitclh);rni r wni brmij-ht, that 
 the two ruiwwa\si were in the illc of Otah.i, with a view 
 to continue their courfe to Otaheite, ai loon as thry had 
 fiirnilhed thenifelves with provilions lor lie voya|{C. 
 Thefe not Iwing the only perfons in the (lups who wer< 
 delirous of remaining at thefe favourite iflands, it wai 
 ni-ceffarv, in order to give an ellVitttial dil'< ouragcment 
 to any lurthcr defertion, to recover them at all events. 
 Ca(Main Cook, therefore, determined to go in purfuitof 
 them himfcll, having obferved that the natives fcldom 
 attemoteil to amule him with falfc information. He 
 accoraintrly fct out with two armed boats, aci oinpanieJ 
 by Oreo nimlVlf. They proceeded, without lloppingal 
 any phip, til! they came to the e.-'llrrn lide ol Otaha, 
 where thiy put amorci and the chief difpatthed a mail 
 before him, with orders tofci/e the fugitives, and keep 
 them till theCap'ain and his attendants llioutd arrive 
 with the boats : but when arrived at the place where 
 they expc 'ted to (in. I them, they were injonncd, ilut 
 they hi'l (jiiitied the ill.iml, and procei'ilid tj Hola- 
 bolaihf'Ur before. The Claptain, not cl.ufmg to fol- 
 low thiiiiil-.ither, icturncd to the fliips, with a full de- 
 terminarion t.) hast-recourfeto a mcafiire, whirhhe had 
 ivafoi) to Uclie^e would (onitx! the natives to rclloiU- 
 them On VVedncfdiy the uth, foon after day-break, 
 Oreo, -itli his fon, daiight'-' and fon-in-law, having 
 come 1. boar 1 the Rofolutio' the Commodore refolved 
 todeiai t the th-''c lalV, 1 'i ourdefertcrslliould bedeliver- 
 eil up. With this view I'aptain Clerke invited them on 
 board his Ihip; md, loon as they had entered hii 
 cabin, a frntinei was t/iaced at the door and the win- 
 dow ferured. Thi /locccdinf ratly I' prized thcmi 
 and Captain Cltjrke having ex ■ '.incd tlij realbn of it, 
 they burif into tears, and U:. , \ he would not kill 
 them. I Ic proteded he wi .id nor, and that the mo- 
 ment his people •"■re Hnwijint i>ack, the; ^lould be re- 
 leafeil. This, 1- -vi r, did not remo :ir uneafy 
 
 apprehcnfioiis, ; 'id th •• bewailed theii cfpcLled fate in 
 lilent forrow. The ^^^iiief being with Captain C 'ok 
 when he received intelligence of this allair, inentii" '! 
 it immediately to him, imagining that this Aep ha > 
 lieen taken without his knowledge and approbation. 
 The Captain inftani'y umleceived him; and then he 
 began to entertain a fear with refpccl to his own perfonal 
 faftty.and his ctenance indicated the greatefl per- 
 turbation of mind ; but the Captain foon quieted his 
 fears, by telling him, that he was at liberty to quit the 
 (hip whenever he chofc, and to take fuch lUps towards 
 the recovery of our two men, as he fliould judge Iwfl 
 calculated for that purpofe; and that, if he Ihoiild meet 
 with fucr:rf^;, his friencls.on board the Dillovcry, lliould 
 be releafed from their confinement: if not, that they 
 fhnuld be carried away with us. The Captain added, 
 ■ the chief's condudl, as well as that of many of 
 , .4 countrymen, in not only aflifting thefe two men in 
 making their efrape, but in endeavouring, at this very 
 time, to prevail upon others to follow them, would jjlt 
 tify any meafurc that lliould ferve to put a flop to fuch 
 proceedings. All this was done, as we have already 
 hinted, to intcreft the people of the ifland in the pur- 
 fuit after the fugitives, and, to this end. the Captain 
 promifcd a reward of latgc axes, and other valuable 
 articles, to any of the natives who fliould be inflru- 
 mental in apprehending and bringing them back. The 
 confinement of part ol the royal family might fecm 
 hard ufage, yet it had its cffea,and without this ftcady 
 refolutc proceeding the dcferters would never have been 
 recovered. The boats of the Difcovcry went day after 
 day to all the adjoining iflands. without being able to 
 learn the leaft trace of them ; and this they continued, 
 till having fcarched every ifland within thediftance of 
 two days fail, they were obliged to give over any far- 
 ther fearch, as fruitlefs. The explanation of the moi- 
 tivcs upon which Captain Cook aCfed, fcemed to re- 
 
 .Ijit 
 
 ■*, 
 
 ■' . ra 
 
 6 M 
 
 move. 
 
v.: \ I 
 
 506 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 It 
 
 i! 
 
 IC'i 
 
 jr ■ 
 
 i!i 
 
 w\ 
 
 , I 
 
 ,r 
 
 ii.: ' I 
 
 move, in a great degree, that general conflcrnation 
 into which Oreo, and his people prefint, were at full 
 thrown. But, though relieved from ail apprehenfions 
 with regard to their own fafcty.they were ftill under the 
 deeped concern for the prifoners in the Difcovcry. 
 Numbers of them went under the Hern of the Ihip, in 
 canoes, and lamented their captivity with long and loud 
 exclamations. The name of Foedooa (which was that 
 of Oreo's daughter) refoundcd from every quarter; 
 and the women not only m;>de a moft difmal howling, 
 but ftruck their bolbms, and cut their heads with (harks 
 teeth, which occalioned a confiderabic etrulion of 
 blomi. 
 
 The chief now difpatched a canoe to Bolabola, with 
 a melTage to Opoany, king of that ifland, informing 
 him of what had happened, and requefting him to 
 fcizc the two dcfcrters, and fend them back. 'J'he 
 mcircngcr, w ho was tlic father of Oreo's fon.in-law 
 Pootoc, came to receive the Captain's commands be- 
 fore his departure; whoftriolly enjoined him not to 
 return without the fuj^itivcs, and to tell Opoony, from 
 him, that, if they had left the illeof Bolabola, he mull 
 fend canoes in purfuit of thcin. But the impatient na- 
 tives, not thinkint; proper to trufl to the return of our 
 people for the releafe of the prifoners, were induced 
 to meditate an attempt, which, if it had not been pre- 
 vented, might have involved them in ftill greater dif- 
 trefs. Between five and (ix o'clock. Captain Cook, 
 who was then on (liore, abrcaft of the fliip, obfervcd 
 all their canoes, in and about the harbour, began to 
 inovcotV. Heenqiiired, in vain, for the caufcot this; 
 till fomc of our people, calling to us froni the Difco- 
 vcry, informed us, that a body of the iflandcrs had 
 fcized Captain Clerke and Mr. Gore, as they were walk- 
 ing at a fmall diftanre from the iliips. The Commo- 
 dore, ftruck with the boldncfs of this fcheine of reta- 
 liation, which feenied to counteract him in his own 
 way, inllantly commanded his people to arm ; and, in 
 a liew minutes, a (Irong party, under the condud of Mr. 
 King, were fent to the refcuc of the twe gentlemen. 
 At the fame time two armed boats, and a party, under 
 Mr. Williamfon, were difpatched, to intercept the fly- 
 ing canoes in their retreat to thcfliorc. Thefe det-ich- 
 incnts had fcarcely gone out of fight, when intelligence 
 arrived, which convinced us wc had been miltnformed ; 
 and they were immediately, in confequence of this, 
 called in. However, it .ippcared from fcvcral corro- 
 borating particulars, that the natives had adlually 
 formed the defign of fcizing Captain Clerke; and they 
 even made no iccret in fpeaking of it the following 
 day. But the principal part of the plan of their ope- 
 rations was to have fecured the perfon of Captain 
 Cook. He was accuftomed to bathe every evening in 
 the frcfh water; on which occafions he frequently went 
 alone, and was unarmed. Expcding him to go this 
 evening, asufual, they had rcfolved upon feizing him, 
 and Captain Clerke likewife, if he had accompanied 
 him. But our Commander, after confining the chief's 
 £imily, had taken care to avoid putting himfelf in their 
 power; and had cautioned Capuin Clerke and the 
 oflicers, not to go to any confiderabic diilancc from 
 the ihips. Oreo, in the courfc of the afternoon, afked 
 our Commodore, three or four times, if he would not 
 goto the bathing place; till at Ipngth finding that the 
 Captain could not be prevailed upon, he retired, with 
 his people, notwithfianding all our intreaties to the 
 contrary. Having no fufpicion, at thit time, of their 
 defign. Captain Cook imagined, that a fudden panic 
 had fcized them, which would be foon over. Being 
 difappointed with rcfpe(fl to him, they fixed upon thofc 
 whom they thought more in their power. It was a 
 fortunate circumuancc that they did not fuccced in their 
 defign, and that no mifchief was done on the occafion 1 
 no mudtets bcine fired, except two or three to flop the 
 canoes ; to which firing, perhaps Captain Clerke and 
 ^r. Gore owed their fafety ; but Mr. King afcribcs 
 Ihis to the Captain's walking with a piftol in his hand. 
 
 which, he fays, he once fired; at which time a party of 
 the iflanders, armed with clubs, were marching to- 
 wards them, butdifperfed on hearing the report of the 
 mufkets. This confpiracv was firft difcovered by A 
 girl, who had been brought from Huaheine by one of 
 our officers. Happening to overhear fome of the 
 Ulieteans fay, that they would feize Capuin Clerke and 
 Mr. (iorc, flie immediately ran to acquaint the firfl of 
 our p«ople that Ihe met with the defign. Thofc whd 
 had been intruded with the execution of the plan^ 
 threatened to put her to death, u foon as wc fhould 
 quit Ulietea, for difappointing them. Being aware of 
 this, wc contrived that the girFs friends fhould cor;.e a 
 day or two afterwards, and uke her out of the fhip, to 
 convey her to a place where fhe might rinuin concealed. 
 till an opportunity fhould offer for tier efcaping to Hua- 
 heine. 
 
 On Thurfday the 27th, the tents were flruck, the 
 oblervatories took down, which, with the live dock, 
 w ere brought on board the fliips. We then unmoored, 
 and moved a little way down the harbour, where we an- 
 chored again, in the afternoon, the natives gathered 
 round, and came on board our diips, as ufual. One 
 party acquainted Captain Cook, that the fugitives were 
 found, and that in a few days they would be brought 
 back, requefting at the fame time the releafe of the pri- 
 foners. But the Captain paid no regard to either their 
 inforniatioo or petition; on the contrary, he renewed 
 his threatninirs, which he declared he would put in exe- 
 cution, it the men were not delivered up. In the fucceed- 
 insj; night the w ind blew in hard fquails. which wereac- 
 coiiipanied with heavy lliowers of rain. In one of 
 thcfc fquails, the cable whereby the Refolution was rid- 
 ing at anchor, parted; but as we had another ready to 
 let g(», the fliip was quickly brought up again. On 
 the 29th, having received no account from Bolabola. 
 Oreo fet out for that illand, in fearch after the defert- 
 ers, deliring Captain Cook to follow him, the next day, 
 with the ftiips. This was the Captain's intention; but 
 the wind prevented our getting to fea. On the 30th, 
 alwut five o'clock, P. M. a number of canoes were feen, 
 at a diftance, making towards the fliips ; and as they ap- 
 proached nearer wc heard them fing and rejoice, as if 
 they had futcceded in finding what they went in fearcli 
 of. About fix, they came fo nigh, that wc could dif^ 
 ccrn, with our glaflcs, the deferters fadcned toge- 
 ther, but without their iniflTes. They were no fooner 
 brought on boanl. than the royal prifoners were releal'- 
 ed, to the unfpeakablc joy of all but the two fugitives, 
 who were under great apprehenfions of fulfering 
 death. Their punilhment, however, was not fo fevere 
 as might have been cxpecled. S — — was fentenced 
 
 to receive 24 lafhcs, and M was turned before the 
 
 mad, where he continued to do duty while there was 
 little or nothing to do ; but on aflcing forgivenefs, was 
 reftored to his former dation on the quarter deck. \t 
 appeared that their purfuers had followed them from 
 one ifland to another from Ulietea to Otaha. from Otaha 
 to Bolabola, from Bolabola to the little ifland of Too- 
 bace, where they w ere found, but where we never fhould 
 have looked for them, had not the natives traced them 
 out. They were taken by Pootoe's &ther, in confequence 
 of the fird mefTage fent to Opoony. 
 
 On the I d of December, notice was given to the Ota- 
 heitean mifllcs, that they mud al| prepare to depart, the 
 fliips being in readinefs to leave the country, and, per>t 
 haps, never to return to the Society Iflands any more. 
 This news caufed great lamentation and much confu- 
 fion. They were now at a great difbmce from home, 
 and every one was eager to get what fhe could for her- 
 felf before fhe was parted from her beloved. Mofl of 
 them had already dript their mates of ainwfl every 
 thing they pofTefled. and thofc who had ftiU fonwthing 
 in referve led a fad life till they fhared it with them. 
 It was not till the 7th, to which tinte we were confined 
 in the harbour by a contrary wind, that we could cleaf 
 th« Ihipi of tiieie troublelbfiv gentry. 
 
 I 
 
 CHAP.' 
 
 .11 <: 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAOFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 5^7 
 
 > party of 
 arching to> 
 eport of the 
 vered by i 
 le by one of 
 mc of the 
 
 Gierke and 
 
 the firft of 
 
 Thofc who 
 
 the plan^ 
 
 we fliould 
 
 f 
 
 uU 
 
 aware of 
 ici convf: a 
 the fliip, to 
 n concealed, 
 ing to Hua- 
 
 flruck, the 
 
 live (lock, 
 
 unmoored, 
 
 here wc an- 
 
 es gathered 
 
 ufual. One 
 
 gitivcs were 
 
 be brought 
 
 feofthepri- 
 
 eithcr their 
 
 he renewed 
 
 1 put in cxe- 
 
 tne fuccccd- 
 
 lich were ac- 
 
 In one of 
 
 ion was rid- 
 
 )cr ready to 
 
 again. On 
 
 )m Bolabola. 
 
 the dcfcrt- 
 
 the next day, 
 
 Centions but 
 
 >n the 30th, 
 
 cs were fecn, 
 
 d as they ap- 
 
 rejoice, aa if 
 
 ent in fcarch 
 
 e could dif- 
 
 ilcncd toge. 
 
 :rc no fooncr 
 
 1 were relcaf. 
 
 vo fugitives, 
 
 of fulTering 
 
 not fo fevcre 
 
 'as fentcnced 
 
 ed before the 
 
 ilc there was 
 
 ;ivencfs, was 
 
 cr deck. It 
 
 I them from 
 
 , from Otaha 
 
 ind of Too- 
 
 never ftiould 
 
 traced them 
 
 confcquence 
 
 n to the Ota. 
 o depart, the 
 y, and, per, 
 » any more, 
 nuch confu- 
 from home, 
 uld for her- 
 d. Mod of 
 ilnwd every 
 U fomething 
 : with them, 
 ere confined 
 could cleat 
 
 CHAP.' 
 
 C H A P. IX. 
 
 The Refolutim and Difcmery leave Ulielea, and direH tbeir cmrfe to the i/laiid of Bolabok— Remarks oh the frejent and 
 former ftale of U/ielea—'TheJlips arrive at Bolabola, with Oreo and others — Captain Cook affiles to Opoony for Monf. 
 Baufaitrville's anchor — Reafotis for purcbafing it — Tbry quit the Society //lands— Bolabola and its harlmr de/cribcd — 
 Bravery of its inhabitants — Hijiorical account oftltc rediiliton of Otaha and Ulielea — Animals left at the above ijlands— 
 Method of faltittg pork for the ufe of the fbips—Curfory remarks refpeSling Otahcite and the Society Ijlands — Additional 
 ftrilturcs to Ihefortner accounts of Olabeitc, by Mr. Anderfon—Of the country in general — Product ions— Natural biftory 
 —DffiriplioH of the natives — Iheir language — Diet — Liftors— Different vicals'—Comief/ions between the fwo frxes—- 
 Their cufioms—Syftcm of religion — Superjlitiotis— Traditions — An hiJlorical Irjicnd — Of the regiil dignity — Diftinllions 
 of rank, and puniJmneHli- -/Wuliaritirs belonging to the adjacent ijlands — Their namrs and thofe of their (rods — Limits of 
 their Navigation — The Rrfoltilion and Difcovery prepare for failing to the North, in quell of the grand and principal 
 objeH of this voyage — A curious geographical and hijiorical defer ipl ion of the iiortb-'xejl parts of North America, and of 
 the mojl remarkable ijlands fit iialed north of the I'acijic Ocean, and in the Eajlern Sea. 
 
 SUNDAY, the 7th of December, at eight o'clock 
 A. M. wc weighed and made fail with a light 
 breeze at the north-eall point. During the preceding 
 week, we had been vifitcd by pcrfons from all quarters 
 of the ifland, who aHtorded us a plentiful fupply of 
 hogs ana green plantains, fo that the time wc remained 
 wind-bound in the harbour was not totally loft j for 
 green plantains are an excellent fucccdancum for 
 bread, and will keep good for two or three weeks. 
 Beftdcs being furniflicd with there provifions, wc alfo 
 took in plenty of wood and water. The Ulicttans 
 appiarcd to be in general fnwllcr, ami blacker than the 
 niUivcs of the adjacent iflands, and feemcd alio lefs 
 orderly, which may, perhaps, be owing to their having 
 become fubjeds to the inhabitants of Bolabola. Oreo, 
 their chief, is only a kind of deputy to the Bolabolan 
 monarch ; and the conqueft feems to have diminiihed 
 the number of fubordinate chiefs refident among them : 
 they are, therefore, lefs under the immediate eye of 
 thofe whofe interert it is to enforce a proper obedience. 
 Though Ulietea is now reduced to this humiliating 
 flatc of dependence, it was formerly, as we were in- 
 formed, the moft eminent of this group of iflands, and, 
 probably, the firft feat of government, for the prcfent 
 royal family of Otaheite derives irs defccnt from that 
 which ruled here before the late revolution. The de- 
 throned king of Ulietea, whofe nnme is Ooroo, refides 
 at Huahcine, furnifliing, in his own perfon, an inftance 
 aot only of the inftability of power, but alfo of the 
 refpect paid by thefe iflandcrs to particular families of 
 princely rank ; for they allow Ooroo to retain all the 
 cnligns which arc appropriated by them to royalty, 
 notwithftanding hts having been deprived of his do- 
 minions. We obferved a fimihir inftancc to this du- 
 ring our flay at Ulietea, where one of our occafional 
 vilitants was Captain Cook's old friend Oree, late chief 
 of Hu.iheine. He ftill maintained his confequence, 
 and was conftantly attended by a numerous retinue. 
 
 Wc now had a briflc wind, and dirc<fled our courfe 
 to Bolabola, accompanied by Oreo and others from 
 Ulietea; and, indeed, moft of the natives, except the 
 chief, would gladly have taken a pafTage with us to 
 England. Our principal reafon for viiiting the ifland 
 of Bolabola was, to procure one of the anchors which 
 had been left at Otahcite by Monficur Bougainville. 
 This, we were informed, had been afterwards found by 
 the natives there, and fent by them to Opoony, the 
 chief of Bolabola. It was not on account of our being 
 in want of anchors that wc were anxious to get pof- 
 fcflion of it ; but, having parted with all our hatchets, 
 and other iron implements, in purchafing refrcfliments, 
 wc were now obliged to create a frelh affortment of 
 trading articles, by fabricating them from the fpare 
 iron wc could find on board; and even thegreateft 
 part of that had been already expended. Captain 
 Cook, therefore, fuppofcd Monf. Bougainville's anchor 
 would in a great meafure fupply our want of this 
 ufeful material ; and he did not entertain a doubt that 
 Opoony might be induced to part with it. At fun-fet 
 being off the fouth point of Bolabola, we fhortened 
 fail, and pafFcd the night nuking fhort boards. On 
 Monday, the 8th, at day-brcak, wc made fail for the 
 baifaour, on the wefl fide of the ifland. Having a 
 
 fcanty wind we were obliged to. ply up; and it was 
 nine o'clock before wc were near enough to fend 
 away a boat to found the entrance. When the maftcr 
 returned with the boat, he reported, that the entrance 
 of the harbour was rocky at the bottom, but that there 
 was good ground within ; and ihc depth of water 
 twenty-live and twenty-fcven fathoms. In the chan- 
 nel, he faid, there was room enough to turn the (hips, 
 it being one third of a mile broad. Upon this infor- 
 mation, we attempted to work the fbips in ; but the 
 wind and tide being againft us, we made two or three 
 trips, and found it could not be accomplilhcd till the 
 tide fliould turn in our favour. Whereupon the Captain 
 gave up the delign of carrying the (hips into the hac- 
 bour; and, embarking in one of the boats, attended 
 by Oreo and his companions, was rowed in for the 
 ifland. As (boh as they landed, our Commodore was 
 introduced to (;)poony, furrounded by a vaft concourfe 
 of people. 'I'he neceflary compliments being ex- 
 changed, the Captain rcquefted the chief to give him 
 the anchor ; and, by way of inducement, prodiiced the 
 prcfent he intended for him. It confifted of a linen 
 night gown, gauze handkerchiefs, a fliirt, a looking- 
 glafs, fome beads, toys, and fix axes. Opoony, how- 
 ever, refufcd to accept the prcfent till the Commodore 
 had received the anchor ; and ordered three perfons to 
 go and deliver it to him, with diredions to receive 
 from him what he thought proper in return. With 
 thefe meflcngcrs wc fet out in our boats for a neigh- 
 bouring ifland, where the anchor had been depofited, 
 but it was neither fo large nor fo perfed, as we ex- 
 pcded. By the mark that was upon it, wc found it 
 had originally weighed feven hundred pounds, but it 
 now wanted the two palms, the ring, and part of the 
 fliank. The reafon of Opoony's refufing Captain 
 Cook's prelent was now apparent : he, doubtlefs, fup- 
 pofcd that the anchor, in its prcfent ftatc, was fo much 
 .inferior to what was offered in exchange, that when 
 the Captain faw it, he would be difpleafed. The Com- 
 modore, notwithftanding, took the anchor as he found 
 it, and fent the whole of the prcfent which he at firft 
 intended. This bulincfs being done, and the Captain 
 returned on board, we hoified in our boats, and made 
 fail to the north. While wc were thus employed, wc 
 were vifitcd by fome of the natives, w ho came off in 
 three or four canoes to fee the ftiips. They brought 
 with them one pig, and a few cocoa-nuts. Had we 
 remained at this ifland till the next day, we Ihould 
 probably have been fupplied with pfcnty of provifions { 
 and the natives would, doubtlefs, be difappointcd 
 when they found we were gone J but, having already a 
 good ftock of hogs and fruit on board, and not many 
 articles left to purchafc more, we had no inducement 
 left to defer the profccution of our voyage. 
 
 Oteavanooa, the harbour of Bolabola, fituatcd on 
 the weft fide of the ifland, is very capacious ; and, 
 though wc did not enter it. Captain Cook had the 
 fatisfadion of being informed by thofe employed for ' 
 the purpofe, that it is a very proper place for the 
 reception of ftiips. Towards the middle of ihis ifland 
 is a lofty double-peaked mountain, which appeared to 
 be barren on the eaft fide, but on the weft fide ha* 
 fome treea and bufhei. The lower groundi, towardt 
 
 the 
 
 i^ 
 
 I. ( 
 
 .hi 
 
 :>l 
 
 
 •M;' 
 
fi 
 
 508 
 
 Capt. C O O K 's VOYAGES C () M l» L E T E. 
 
 Il;; I* 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 •■ I*' 
 
 1:11 
 
 4: 
 
 ll'.i 
 
 
 the fca, like the other illands of this ocean, are covered 
 with cocoa-palms and bread-fruit trees. There arc 
 many little iHots that furround it, which add td the 
 number of its inhabitants, and to the amount of its 
 vegetable produdions. ConCulcring the fmall extent 
 of Bolabola, being only I4 miles in circumference, it is 
 remarkable that its pc<iplc fhnuid have l>een able to 
 conquer Ulietea and Otaha; the former being alone 
 more than double its (1/c. In each of Captain Cook's 
 three voyages, the war that produced this great revo- 
 lution was frequently mentioned ; and as the hiftory 
 , thereof may be an agreeable entertainment to our fub- 
 fcribers, wc ftwll here give it as related by themfelves. 
 
 Ulietea and Otaha had long been friends j or, as the 
 natives exprefs it emphatically, they were conlldercd as 
 two brothers, whofc views and interclh were the fame. 
 The ifland of Huaheine was alfo admitted as a friend, 
 but not in fo eminent a degree. .Like a traitor, Otaha 
 leagued with Bdhbola, jointly to attack Ulietea ; whofc 
 people required the aHillancc of their friends in Hua- 
 neinc againlt thcfe united powers. The inhabitants of 
 Bolabola were encouraged by a prophctcfs, who pre- 
 dicted their fuccefs ; and that they might rely on her 
 prophecy, llie dcfircd that a man fliobid be fent to a 
 particular part of the fea, where from a great depth 
 would arifc a Hone. He was accordingly lent off in a 
 canoe to the place fpcciticd, and was going inllantly 
 to dive for the llonc. w hen, behold, it flartcd up fpon- 
 tancoiifly to the firface, and came immediately into his 
 hand ! All the people were aftoniflied at the fight ; the 
 ftone was (iecnuil facred, and depolited in the houfe of 
 the l£atoi)a, where it is llill prcfcrved, as a proof that 
 this prophetefs was infpircd with the divinity. Ele- 
 vated with the hopes of vidory, the canoes of Bola- 
 bola attacked thofc of Ulietea and Huaheine j the 
 encounter Lifted long, they being laflicd (Irongly to- 
 gether with ropes ; and, notwithftaniiing the pre- 
 tended miracle, the Bolabola fleet would have been 
 vanquilhed, had not that of Otaha arrived at the critical 
 moment. The fortune of the day was now turned ; 
 viiflorv declared in favour of the Bolubolans ; and their 
 enemies were totally defeated. Two days after, the 
 conquerors inwided Hu.iheine, which tbey fubtlued, it 
 being weaklv delcndcd, as moft of its warriors were 
 then .ibfent. Many of its fugitives, however, having 
 pot to Otahcite, thcic related their melancholy talc. 
 This fo atfccicd thofe of their own country, and of 
 Ulietea, whom they found in th.it illaml, that they 
 oinained tl cir aliill'ance. They were furniflied with 
 only ten fighting canoes ; w ith which inconfidcrabie 
 force tluv ell'eeted a landing at Huaheine in the night; 
 and, Likiiig the Bolabola men by furprize, killed many 
 ot tlicm, and difpcrfed the reft. Thus were they 
 again, by one bold effort, poffelled of their own ifland, 
 whirl) at this d.iy remains independent, and is governed 
 by its own chiefs. When the combined fleets of 
 Ulietea and 1 luaheine were dt feated, the men of Bo. 
 labolawcic applied to by their allies of Otaha, to be 
 allowed an equal ftiare of the conquefts. This being 
 refufcd, the alliance broke; and, during the war, 
 Otaha was conquered, as well .is Ulietea, both of which 
 remain fubjccl to lk)l:\b()la: the chiefs by whom they 
 are go\erned, being only deputies to Opoony, the ki ^ 
 nf the iftands. Such is their account of the war ; and 
 in the reduction of the two iflands five battles were 
 Ibught, at different plates, in which great numbers 
 were killed on each iide. 
 
 VVe have alrc.idy obfcrved, that thefe people are 
 extremel) delicient in retolleding the exact dates of 
 •uart evenis. Relpeaing this war, though it happened 
 but a few years ago, wc could only guefs at the time of 
 its commencement and duration, the natives not being 
 able to fatisfy our enquiries with any precifion. The 
 final ':-oiKHicft "f Ulietea, which terminated the war, 
 • tiad been auhitvcd before Captain Cook was there in 
 1769; but it was very apparent that peace had not 
 been long rcftored, ;.» marks of recent hoftilities having 
 been commitied were then to be fcen. By attending 
 to the age of rcercetarcea, the prefent chief of Hua- 
 Jieinc, fouic additional collateral proof may be jjathcrcd. 
 
 He did not appear to be more than ten or twelve 
 years of age, and his father, we were in(i>rmcd, had 
 been killed in one of the engagements. Since the 
 conqueft of Ulietea and Otaha, the Bolabola men are 
 conlldercd as invincible; and their fame is fo far ex- 
 tended, that, even at Otahcite, if not dreaded, they arc 
 refpedted for their valour. It is alFcrted, they never 
 fly from an cnen>y, and that they arc vidlorious «gain(l 
 an equal number of the other iflanders. Thefe afcribe 
 much to the fuperiority of their got!, who, they believed, 
 detained us by contrary winds at Ulietea. The efti- 
 mation in which the Bolabola men arc held ar Ota- 
 hcite, may be gathered fro.^^ M. dc Bougainville's 
 anchor having been fent to their fovereign. The 
 intention of tranfpcrting the Spanifli bull to their 
 ifland, muft be alcribed to the fame caufc. They 
 alfo had a third European curiofity, brought to Otahcite 
 by the Spaniards. This animal had liecn fo impcr- 
 fedlly defcribed by the natives, that we had been much 
 puzzled to coniei?hire what it could be. Some good, 
 however, generally fprings up out of evil. When 
 Captain Clerke's dclcrters were brought back from 
 Bolabola, they told u> the animal had been (hewn to 
 them, and that it was a ram. Had our men not 
 defcrted, it is probable wc ftiould never have known 
 more about it. In confequence of this intelligence, the 
 Captain, when he landed to meet Opoony, took an ewe 
 with him in the boat, of the Cape of Gooil Hope 
 breed, whereby a foundation is laid for a breed of 
 ftieep at Bolabola. I le alfo left with Oreo, at Ulietea, 
 two goats, and an Englifti boar and fow : fo that the 
 race of hops will be conlideralily improved, in a few 
 years, at Otahcite. and all the neighbouring iflands ; 
 and they will, perhaps, be ftocked with many valuable 
 European animals. When this is really the cafe, 
 thefe iflands will be unrivalled in abundance and va- 
 riety of refreftimcnts for the fupply of future navi- 
 gators. Even in their prefent ftate, they are hardly to 
 be excelled. When the inhabitants are not dillurbed 
 by inteftinc broils, which has been the cafe for fevcral 
 years paft, their productions arc numerous and plenti- 
 ful. 
 
 Had we been poflcflcd of a greater affortment of 
 goods, and a proper quantity of fait, we might have 
 Hiltcd as much -park as would have txen fulficient to 
 laft both fliips almoft a year : but wc quite cxhaufted 
 our trading commodities at the Friendly Ifles.Otaheite, 
 and its neighbourhood. Our axes, in particular, were 
 nearly gone, with which, alone, hogs were, in general, 
 to be purchafcd. The fait that remained aboard was 
 not more than was requifitc for curing i ^ puncheons 
 of meat. The following proccfs of curing pork has 
 been adopted by Captain Cxwk in his fevcral voyages. 
 I'he hogs were kilted in the evening; and, when 
 cleaned, they were cut up ; after which the bone was 
 taken out. The meat was falted while hot, and laid in 
 fuch a manner as to permit the juices to drain from it, 
 till the next morning: it was then falted again, put 
 into a cafl<, and covered with pickle. It remained, in 
 this fituation, four or Ave days, when it was taken our, 
 and carefully examined ; and if any of it api>eared to 
 be in the leaft tainted, which fometimcs happened, it 
 was feparated from the reft, which was repacked, 
 headed up, and tilled with good pickle. It was again 
 examined in about eight or ten days time, but there 
 appeared no necefllty tor it, as it was generally found 
 to t>e all {Krfcdtly cured. Bay and white fait mixed to- 
 gether anfw era the beft, though either of them will do 
 alone. Great care was taken that none of the large 
 blood-vefl'els remained in the meat ; and that not too 
 much thould be packed together at the tirft (aiting, 
 left thofc pieces which are in the middle thould heat, 
 and hinder the fait from penetrating them. In tropi- 
 cal climates, meat ought not to Ix tahed in rainy fultry 
 weather. Europeans having ot late fo frequently 
 vilitcd thefe iflanders, thry may, on that account, have 
 been induced to breed a larger itock of hogs ; knowing 
 that, whenever we come, they may be ceruin of re- 
 ceiving what they efteem a valuable confideration for 
 them. They daily cxpcd the Spaniards at Otatieite, 
 
 and 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACII IC OCfc:A^I, 6tc. sec; 
 
 and in wo or three years time, they will doubtlcfs 
 expeC> the Englilh there, as well as at the other illamls. 
 It 18 ufelefs to affure them that you will not return, for 
 they fuppofe you cannot avoid it ; though none of 
 thcin know or enquire the reafon of your cominj?. It 
 would, perhaps, have been better for the people to 
 have been igtwrant of our fuperiority in the accoinmo 
 dations and arts that make life comfortable, than, after 
 once knowing it, to be abandoned to their original 
 incapacity of improvement. They cannot be, Indeed, 
 reftored to their former happy mediocrity, ftiould the 
 inteicourie between us be difcontinucd. It is in a 
 nunner incumbent on the Euroj>cms to pay thciu 
 occaflonal vifiu (onrc in three or lour )cars) to fupply 
 them with thofe artcles, which we, by introducmg, 
 have giwn them a prediledlion for. The want ot 
 fuch Uipplies may be fcvercly felt, when it is too late 
 to return to their old imperfedl contrivances, which 
 they have now difcarded, and defpife. When the iron 
 tools with which we fumifhed them are worn out, their 
 own will be almoft forgotten. A ftonc hatchet is now a j 
 great a curiofity among them, as an iron one was fevei; 
 or eight years ago i and a chiflcl made of bune, or 
 ftone, is no where to be feen. Spike nails have been 
 fubhituted in the room of the latter articles, and they 
 arc weak enough to imagine that their llore of them is 
 incxhauftible, for they are no longer fought alter. 
 Knives happened, at this time, to be in high efti- 
 mation at IJlietea; and axes and hatchets bore un- 
 rivalled fway at all the iflands. Refpcding articles 
 merely ornamental, thefe iflandcrs are as capricious as 
 the mod polilhed European nations; for an article 
 which may be prized to-day will be rcje8ed to-morrow, 
 as fafhion or whim may alter. But our iron imple- 
 ments are fo evidently ufeful, that they mull continue 
 to be high in their eftimation. They would indeed 
 be miferablc, if they fliould ceafe to receive fupplies of 
 what appears neccirary to their comfortable txillcnce, 
 as they are dcflitute of the materials, and ignorant of 
 the art of fabricating them. 
 
 Much has already been related refpecling Otaheitc ; 
 which though not comorehended in the numK-r of 
 what we have denominated the Society Illand^, yet, 
 being inhabited by the fame race of men, agrtiuig in 
 the Mme leading features of character and manners, it 
 was fortunate that we happened to difcovcr this prin- 
 cipal ifland before the others, as the hofpitublc recep- 
 tion we there met with, led us to make it the princiftal 
 place of refort, in our fucceflive voyages to this pan of 
 the Pacific Ocean. By our repeated vifus, we have 
 had better opportunity of knowing fomething about 
 it and its inhabitants, than about the other riinilar, but 
 lefs conlidcrablc iflands in its vicinity. Of thefc latter, 
 however, we have feen enough to fatisfy us, that alt 
 we have obferved of Otaheitc may, with trifling alte- 
 rations, be applied to them. During our continuance 
 at thefe iflands, we lofl no opportunity of making 
 aflronomical and nautical obfervations. At Otaheitc 
 and Olietea we particularly remarked the tide, with a 
 view of afcertaining its grandcfl rife at the former 
 place. Alfo, by the mean of 145 fets of obfervations, 
 we determined the latitude and longitude of the three 
 following places. 
 
 Mauvii Point, tt Ouhciie 17* tg' 1 ;" S.lit. xio* 12' 38' E.I0D. 
 
 Owhuicharbout.ilHuihcine 16 41 4; 108 51 24 
 
 OhamSMm diito, M Ulieiea 16 45 30 -loi 15 ti 
 
 It may be thought by fome, the ifland of Otaheitc 
 has been already and fo often accurately dcfcribed, 
 ■nd the manners, cufloms, and ways of living of the 
 inhabitants, fo amply enlarged upon, in uur hillory of 
 former voyages, that little remains to be added : but, 
 there are ftitl, however, many parts of the domeflic, 
 |)olitical. and religious inltitutionsof the natives, which, 
 after all our viiits to them, are but imperfectly under- 
 ' itood I and we doubt not, but that the tollou ing 
 remarks, for which we are indebted to the ingenious 
 Mr. Andcrfon. and which may be conlidered as linifli- 
 ing llrokcs to a piifture, the outlines of which have 
 been already givcOt will be highly acceptable to our 
 No. 63. 
 
 numcnxis friends and fubfcribers, who, oy their kind . 
 enrouragi-nu-nt of this work, have given the llrongeU 
 tclliiiiony in its favour. 
 
 " To what has been obferved of Otaheitc (fays Mr. 
 Anderfon) in the accounts of the fucceflive voyages of 
 Captain Wallis, M. de Bougainville, and Captain 
 <. ook, it would, at firft tight, teem fuperHuous to add ■ 
 any thing ; as it might be fup|)ofed, that little could 
 now be produced, but a repetition of what has been 
 related before. I am, however, far from Ixing of that 
 opinion : and will venture to afiirm, that, tnough a . 
 very accurate dcfcription of the country, and ot the 
 mofl obvious cufloms of its inhabijtants, hastxcnal-- 
 ready given, cfpccially by Captain Cook, yet much 
 flill remains untouched : that in fume inllances, mif- 
 takcs have been made, which later and repeated 
 obfervations have been able to redlify s and that, even 
 now, we arc flrangcrs to many of the moll important 
 inllitutioiis that prevail among thefe ]K:oplc. The 
 truth is, our vifits, though frequent, have been but 
 tranfient : many of us had no inclination to make en- 
 quiries ; more were unable to direct the enquiries pro- 
 perly ; and we all laboured, though not to the lame 
 degree, under the difadvant.-igcs attending an impcrfecl 
 knowledge of the language of thufc, from «honi alone 
 we could reteivc any information. The Spaniards 
 had it more in their power to lurmount this bar to in- 
 ftrudtion; Ibiiie of them having relided at Otaheire 
 much longer than any other European vilitoi s j by 
 which fuperior advantage, they could not but have had- 
 an opportunity of obtaining the fulleft information on 
 moll fubjeCts relating to this ifland : their account of 
 it would, probably, convey more authentic and accu. 
 rate intelligence,- than, with our bell endeavours, any 
 of us could pollibly obtain. But, as 1 look upon it to 
 be very uncertain, if not very unlikely, that we lliould 
 ever have any communication from that quarter, h 
 have here put together what additional intelligence 
 about Otaheitc, and its ncighlxiuring iflands, I was able 
 to procure, either fromOmai, while on board the Ke- 
 folution, or by converiing with the other natives, 
 while we had any intercourfe, and were converfant 
 with them. 
 
 " The wind, for the greateflpart of the year, blows 
 from between the E. S. E. and E. N. E. This is the 
 tme trade wind, or what the natives call maaraee ; and 
 it fomctimcs blows with conlidcrablc force. When 
 this happens, the weather is often cloudy, with fliowcrs 
 of rain ; but when the wind is more moderate, it is 
 clear, fettled, and fercnc. Should the wind veer liuther 
 to the foiithward, and Ik-comic S. E. or S. S. E. it then 
 blows more gently, with a fmooth fea. and is called 
 maoai. In thefc months, when the fun is nearly 
 vertical, that is in December and January, the winds 
 and weather arc txxh very variable ; but it frequently 
 blows from W. N. W. or N. W. This wind, called 
 Toeroii, is generally attended l>y dark, cloinly weather, 
 and frequently by rain. It foinetimes blows ftrong, 
 though generally moderate; but feldom lafls longer 
 than flx days without interruption; and is the only 
 wind in which the people of the iflands to leeward 
 come to this, in their canoes. If it happens to be 
 IKll more northerly, it blows with lefs flrcngth. and is 
 called Era-potaia; which they fay is the wile of 
 Toerou, who, according to their mythology, is a male. 
 The wind from the S. W. and W. S. W. is Hill mor« 
 frequent than the former, and though, in general, 
 gentle, and interrupted by calms, or breezes ironi 
 the eallward, yet it fometimcs blows in brifli fqualls. 
 The weather attending it is commonly dark, cloudy, 
 and rainy, with a clofe hot air ; and accompanied by a 
 great deal of thunder and lightning. It is called Etoa, 
 and often fucceeds the Toerou ; as does alfo the Faroo^i, 
 which is flitl moreibutherly 1 and, trom its violenc«;^ 
 blows down houfes and trees, cfpccially the cc^ifo- 
 palms, from their loftinefs ; but it is of Ihort duration. 
 The natives fcem not to have a very accurate know, 
 ledge of thefe changes, and yet pretend t» have drawn 
 (bmc general conclulions from their efFeds; for when 
 the lea has a hollow found, and dalhcs ilowly 04 the 
 6 N rccn 
 
 'i 
 
 ■i 
 'J. 
 
510 
 
 Cap*. COOK'S VOYAOEg COMPLETE. 
 
 i 
 
 
 r" t: 
 
 ,1 
 
 reef, they fay it poi^nds |;rood weather ( but if it hat a 
 Iharp (bund, and the waves fuccccd each other faft, 
 that the reverfe will happen. 
 
 "There is, perhaps, fcarcciy a foot in the univerro.th&t 
 aflf rd( a more luxuriant profpeOt than the S. E. part of 
 the idand of Ouheite. The hills arc high and i^ccp, 
 and in man^ places, craggy: but they are covered to the 
 \cry fummits, with trees and ihrubs. To that a (bctitator 
 cannot help thinking, that the very rocks poficfs the 
 property of producing and fupporting their verdant 
 clothing. The flat land which bounds thofe hills to- 
 ward the fea, and the interjacent valleys aifo, teem with 
 various produdions that grow with the moft exuberant 
 vigour ; and, at once, fill the mind of the beholder 
 with the idea, that no place on the earth can excel this, 
 in the (Ircngth and beauty of vegetation. Nature has 
 been no lefs liberal in dinributing rivulets, which arc 
 found in every valley ; and as they approach the fea, 
 often divide into two or three branches, fertilizing the 
 flat lands through which they run. The habitations of 
 the natives are fcattcrcd without order, upon thcfe 
 flats; and many of them appearing toward the (hore, 
 prefented a delightful fcene, viewed from our (liips; 
 efpecially as the fea, within the reef, which bounds the 
 coaA, isperfcdiy flill, andaflbrds a fafe navigation, at 
 all times, for the inhabitants, w ho are often feen pad- 
 dling in their canoes indolently along, in paiTing from 
 place to place, or in going to fifli. On viewing thefc 
 delightful fccies, I have often regretted my inability to 
 tranfmit to thofe who have had no opportunity of fee- 
 ing them, fuch r defcription as might, in fomc mca- 
 furc, convey an imprcflion limilar to what muP. be felt 
 by every one, who has been fortunate enough to be on 
 the foot. 
 
 •• It is, doubtlefs, the natural fertility of the country, 
 combined with the mildnefsand ferenity of the climate, 
 that renders the natives fo careicfs in their cultivation, 
 that, in many places, though abounding with the richcfl 
 productions, Ac fmalled traces of itcannot be obfervcd. 
 The cloth-pl Jit which is raifcd from feeds brought from 
 the mountains, and the ava, or intoxicating pepper, 
 which they defend from the fun when very young, by 
 covering them with the leaves of the brc i-fruit-trce, 
 are almolt the only things to which they fcem to pay any 
 attention; andthefcthey keep very clean. 1 have inquired 
 very carefully into their manner of cultivating the 
 bread-fruit-tree ; but w-' always anfwered, that they 
 never planted it. This, indeed, muft be evident to 
 every one who w ill examine the places where the young 
 trees come up. It will be always obfervcd, that they 
 fpring from the roots of the old ones; which run near 
 the furfaceof the ground: fothat the bread-fru it-tret s 
 may be reckoned thofe that would naturally cover the 
 plains, fuppofmg that the ifland was not inhabited, in 
 the fame manner that the white-barked-trees, found at 
 Van Diemen's Land, conftitute the forefls there. And 
 from this we may obferve, that an inhabitant of Ota- 
 heitc, inftead of being obliged to plant his bread, will 
 rather be under a neceffity of preventing its progrefs; 
 which, 1 fuppofc, is fometimes done, to give room for 
 trees of another fort, to afford him a variety in his food. 
 The chief of thefe are the cocoa-nut and planuin; the 
 firft of which can give no trouble, after it has raifed ii- 
 felf a f<»ot or two above the ground ; but the planuin 
 requirisa little more care: for after it is planted, it 
 fhoots up, and, in about three months, begins to bear 
 fruit ; during which time it gives young Ihuots, which 
 fiipply afutccflionof fruitj for the old (locks arc cut 
 down as the fruit is taken ofl". The produiSls of the 
 ifland, however, are not fo remarkable for their variety, 
 as groat abundance; and curiofities of any kind are not 
 numerous. Among thcfe wc may reckon a pond or 
 like of frcdi water, at the top of one of the higheft 
 mountains, to go to, and return from which, takes three 
 or four days. It is remarkable for its depth ; and hat 
 eels of an enormous fax In itj which arc funictimcs 
 caught by the natives, who go upon this water in little 
 floats of two»or three wild plantain-trees faftened toge- 
 ther. I his is elkemcd one of the greateft natural cu- 
 ttotnte* of the country ; infmnucb. that uavcllcrs, who 
 
 come from the other inands, are commonly alkcd 
 among the firft qneftions, by their frichds. at their re- 
 turn, if they have feen it? There is alfo a fort of water, 
 ■ of which there is only one fmall pond upon the ifland* 
 aa far diftant as the lake, and to appearance very good, 
 with a yellow lldimcnt nt tlie bottom : but it has a bad* 
 tafte; and proves fatal to thofe who drink any quantity 
 of it, or makes them breakout into blotches, if they 
 bathe in it. 
 
 " Nothing made a ftrongcr imprcHion.at firft fight,on 
 ourarrival here, than the contraft between the robuft 
 make and dark colour of the people of Tongataboo, 
 and a fort of delicacy and whitcnefs, which diltinguifh 
 the inhabitants of Otahcitc. It was even fomc time 
 before that difference could preponderate in favour of 
 the Otaheiteans; and then only,, perhaps, becaufe wc 
 became accuftomed to them, the marks which rcconw. 
 mended the others began to be fbrgotten. Their wo- 
 men, however, ftruck us as fuperior in every rcf^joSj. 
 and as pofTefTing all thofe delicate (Jharaderiftics, whichi 
 diftinguifti them from the other fex in many countries.. 
 The beard, which the men here wear long,' and therhair 
 which is not cut fo ftiort, as is the fafhron at Tongata- 
 boo, made alfo a great difference; and - \« . coyldr not 
 help thinking, that, on every occalion, tfiey Ihcwcd a 
 greater degree of timidity «flid fickfencfi. The rauf- 
 cubr appearance, fo cbmroon among the Friendly 
 Iflanders. and which feems a confequcnce of their be- 
 ing accuftomed to much aQion, is loft here, where the 
 fuperior fertility of their country enables the inhabit- 
 ants to lead a more indolent life; and its place is fup- 
 plied by a plumpnefs and fmoothnelsof the Ikiii; which, 
 though, perhaps, more confonant with our ideas of 
 beauty, is no real advaiiUge; as it feems to be attended 
 with a kind of langour in all their motions, notobferv- 
 able in the others. This remark is fully verified, in 
 their boxing and wreftling, which may be called little 
 better than the feeble efforts of chiKlrcn, if compared 
 to the vigour with which they arc performed at the 
 Friendly Illands. 
 
 " Among thefc people perfonal endowments arc in 
 great eftecm, and they have rccourfe to fcveral methodi 
 of improving them, according to their notions of 
 beauty. It is a pradice, in particular, efpecially among 
 the Lrreocs, or unmarried men of fome confVquencc, 
 to undergo a kind of phyfical operation to render theni 
 fair. This is done by remaining a month or two in 
 thehoufe; during which time they wear a quantity of 
 clothes, cat nothing bur bread-fruit, to which they afcribe 
 a remarkable property in whitening them. They alfo 
 fpeak, as if their corpulence and colour, at other times, 
 depended on their food, as ihcv are obliged, from the 
 change of fcafons, to ufe different forts at dift'crent 
 times. Their common diet is made up of, at lealV, nine 
 tenths of vegetable food ; and I believe, more parti- 
 cularly, the Mahec, or fermented bread-fruit, w hich is 
 a part of almoft every meal, has a remarkable eliedt 
 on them, preventing a cortive habit, and producing a 
 very frnlibic coolncfs about them, which could not be 
 perceived in us who fed on animal food, and it is, ptf- 
 haps, owing to thii> temperate courfe of life, that they 
 have fo few difcafes among them. Tliey reckon only 
 five or fix, which might be called chronic, or national 
 diforders; among which arc thedropfy, and thefcfi.-i, or 
 indolent f\vclling», frequent at Tongataboo. But this was 
 before ilie arrival of the Eunipeans ; for wc have added 
 to thig ftiort catalogue ad ifeale which abumiantly fup. 
 plies the place of all otlvers, and is now nimuft untvcr- 
 fal. For this they fcem to have no eftcdual icmcdy. 
 The priefts, indeed, give them a medley of (im])lcs; 
 but they own that it never cures them. And yer, they 
 allow that, in a few cafes, nature, without the aiTtftaiice 
 of a phylician, extenmiiatcs the poifun of thi» fatal 
 diforder, and a pertccl recovery is produced. 
 
 " Their behaviour,on all occafiuns, feems to indicate • 
 great opcnnefs. and generoflty of diiJMfition. Omiah, 
 indeed, who. as their countryman, fnould be fuppofcd 
 rather willing to conceal any of their defcds, has often 
 faid. that they are fometimes cruel in the treatment of 
 their enemies. According to his account they torment 
 
 them 
 
that thcv 
 
•«;• 1 
 
 ■I 
 
 
 : ;'f 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAS'i' VOVAGli— To the PACIFIC OCliAN, 6cc. ju 
 
 them very ilcliberatcly. at one time tcaniiK out fmall 
 pieces of flclhfrom dilVcrcnt parts; at anotlicr taking 
 «Hittlu-eycsi then cutting oil" the nofc I and lallly, kill- 
 Jng thciii by ripping up the billy. But this only hap- 
 pens on particular occalions. If chtcrfulncls argues a 
 confcious innocence, one would fuppofc that their life 
 is fcldom fullied w ith crimes. This, however, 1 rather 
 impute to their feelings, which, though lively, kcm in 
 no cafe permanent: for 1 never faw thein in any mis- 
 fortune, labour under the appearance of anxiety, after 
 the critical moment was pall. Neither does care ever 
 fcem to wrinkle their brow. On the contrary, even the 
 approach of death does not appear to alter their ulual 
 vivacity. I have feen them when brought to the brink 
 of the grave bydifcafe, and when preparing logo to 
 battle; "but, in neither cafe, ever obferved their coun- 
 tenances over clouded with melancholy or ferious rc- 
 Heaion. Such a difpofition leads them to d\rcit\ all 
 theiraimsonly to what can give them pleafure and eafe. 
 Their amufements all tend to excite and continue amor- 
 ous pairions, and their longs, of which they are immo- 
 derately fond, anfwer the laine purpofc. But as a con- 
 llant fuccefllon of fenfual enjoyments mull clov, we 
 found they frequently varied them to more refined fub- 
 jcifts, and had much pleafure in chanting their triumphs 
 "in war, and their occupations in peace; their travels to 
 other idands, and adventures tlere; and the peculiar 
 beauties, and fuperior advantages of their own idand 
 over the red, or of diiVercnt parts of it over other lefs 
 favourite difliicls. This marks their great delight in 
 mufic ; and though they rather exprelTed a diflike to our 
 complicated coinpolitions, yet were they always de- 
 lighted with the more melcKlious founds produced 
 lingly on our inflruments, as approaching nearer to the 
 iimplicity of their own. Neither are they ftiangers to 
 the foothing cffeAs produced by particular forts of mo- 
 tion, which, in fome cafes, feem to allay any perturba- 
 tion of mind, with as much fuccefs as mufic. Of this 
 Imct with a remarkable inftancc: for walking, one 
 day, about Matavai point, where our tents were ercded, 
 I faw a man paddlinjj, in a fmall canoe, fo quickly, and 
 looking abtjut him with fuch cagernefs on each lidc, as 
 to command all my attention. At firll, I imagined 
 that he had lloleii fomcthing from one of the Ihips, 
 and was purfucd; but, on waiting patiently, faw him 
 repeat his amufcmcnt. He W'ent out from the lliore, 
 till he was near the place where the fwell begins to take 
 its rife ; and, watching its lirll motion very attentively, 
 paddled before it, with great quicknefs, till he found 
 that it overtook him, and acquired fuilicient force to 
 carry his canoe before it, without palling underneath. 
 Hethen fat moiiunlefs,aiul was carried along at the fame 
 Ivvift rate as the wave, till it landed him on the beach. 
 I'hen he darted out, emptied his canoe, and went in 
 fcarch of another fwell. I could not help concluding, 
 that this man felt the moft fupreme pleafure, while he 
 was driven on, fo fad and fo fmoothly, by the fea ; ef- 
 pecially as, though the tents and fltips were fo near, 
 he did not feein in the lead to envy, or even to take any 
 notice of the crowds of his countrymen, colleded to 
 view them as objeds that were rare and curious. Dur- 
 ing my day two or three of the natives came up, who 
 fcemed to (hare his felicity, and always called out, when 
 there was an appearance of a favourable fwell, as he 
 fometimes miflTed it, by his back being turned, and 
 kwkine about for it. Bv them I undcrlTood, that this 
 cxercilc, which is called ehorooc, was frequent among 
 them ; and they have probably more amufements of this 
 fort, which afford them, at lead, as much pleafure as 
 Ikaiting. 
 
 " 1 he language of Otahcitc, though doubtlefs radi- 
 cally the fame with that of New Zealand, and the 
 Friendly Ides, is dcditute of that guttural pronuncia- 
 tion, and of fome confonnnts, with which thofc latter 
 dialects abound. The fpecimens we have already given, 
 aic fuilicient to mark wherein the variation chiedy con- 
 iids, and to diew, that, like the manners of the inhabit- 
 ants, it has become foft and Icwthing. During the for- 
 mer voyage, I had coUei'tcd a copious vocabulary, 
 which enabled me the better tu compare this dialcift 
 
 with that of the other idaiuls; and, during this voy.igc, 
 I took every oppirtunity of improvcim nts by con- 
 Verling with Omiah before we arrived, and by my daily 
 intcicourfc with the natives, while wc now rcniaintd 
 iherc" (In our hidory of Captain Cook's foriiirr\«y- 
 agc, we have given to the public very copious Iptci- 
 mcnsof the language of Otahcitc, New Zealand, N:c. 
 which wc dat(erourfelves will be thou);ht fufTuieiit for 
 their information, amufement, anil e\ery ufel'ul pur- 
 pofc.) " It abounds with beautiful and figurative expref- 
 (ions, which were itperfcvilly known, would, I make no 
 doubt, put it upon a level with many of the languages 
 that are mod in cdeem for their warnj and bold image*. 
 I'orindancej theOtaheiteans cxprcfs thi-ir notions of 
 death very emphatically, by faym>% " Th;it tlic foul 
 goes into darknefs; or rather into night." And if you 
 you feem to entertain any doubt, in alking tlic quell ion, 
 " If fuch a perfon is their mother?" the. immediately 
 reply, with (urprizc, " Yes, the mother that bore me." 
 They have one exprcllion, that corrcfponds exadlly 
 with the phrafeology of the fcriptuies. w here wc read 
 of the " yearning of the bowels." They ufeit on all 
 occadons, when the padions give them uncadnefs ; as 
 thcv condantly refer pain from grief, anxious dcfiie, 
 and other affedlions, to the bowels, as its feat; where 
 they fuppofc all the operations of the mind arc per- 
 formed. Their language is fo copious, that for the 
 bread-fruit alone, in itsdiflercnt dates, they have above ' 
 twenty names; as many for the taro root; and about 
 ten for the cocoa-nut. Add to this, that befides the 
 common dialeiit, they often expodulate, in a kind of 
 danza, or recitative, which is anfwcrcd in the fame 
 manner. 
 
 " Their arts are few andfimple; yet, if we may crrtlit 
 them, they perform cures in furgcry, which our exten- 
 dk^c knowledge in that branch has not, as yet, enabled 
 us to imitate. Indinplefradures.they bind them up with 
 fplents; but if part of the fubdanccofthc bone be lod, 
 they infert a piece of wood between the fratlurcd ends, 
 made hollow like the dedcient part. In five or dx days, 
 the rapacx), or furgeon, infpcdls the wound, and finds the 
 wood partly covered w ith the grow ing flcfh. In as many 
 more days, it is generally entirely covered; after which, 
 when the patient has acquired fome ftrength, he bathes 
 in the water, and recovers. We know that wounds will 
 heal over leaden bullets ; and fometimes, though rarely, 
 over other extraneous bodies. But what makes mc en- 
 tertain fome doubt of the truth of fo extraordinary (kill, 
 as in the above-mentioned indance, is, that in other 
 cafes that fell under my own obfcrvation, they are far 
 from being fo dextrous. I have feen the dump of an 
 arm, which was taken off", after being diattcred by a fall 
 from a tree, that bore no marks of (kilful operation, - 
 though fome allowance be made for their defedlive in- 
 druments: and I met with a man going about with a 
 didocated diouldcr, fome months after the accident, 
 from their being ignorant of the method to reduce it; 
 though this be conddercd as one of the (impled opera- • 
 tionsof our furgery. They know fractures or luxations 
 of thefpine are mortal, but not fradlurcs of the Ikull ; 
 and they likewife know, from experience, in w hat part 
 of the body wounds prove fatal. They have fometimes 
 pointed out thofe innided by fpears, which, if made in 
 the diredlion they mentioned, would certainly have 
 been pronounced deadly by us ; and yet thcfc people 
 would have recovered. Their phydcal know Icilgc feems 
 more confined, and that, probably, bccaufc their dif- 
 eafes are fewer than their accidents. The prieds, how- 
 ever, adminider the juices of the herbs in fome cafes; 
 and women who are troubled with after-pains, or other 
 diforders, the confequcnces of child-bearing, ufe a re- 
 medy which one would think needlefs in a hot country. 
 They firf\ heat doncs, as when they bake their food ; 
 then they lay a thick cloth over them, upon which is 
 put a quantity of a fmall plant of the muf>ard kind; 
 and thcfc are covered with another cloth. Upon this 
 they feat themfelves, and fweat plentifully to obtain a 
 cure. They have no emetic medicine. 
 
 " Notwithdanding the extreme fertility of the idand, 
 a famine frequently happens, in which, it is faid, many 
 
 perifh. 
 
 li 
 
 ■'V 
 
 '>! 
 
 t* 
 
512 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 Si ( 
 
 f*tl' ' 
 
 nv 
 
 pcri(h. Whether this be owin^ to the failure of (bme 
 learons, to over population, which muft fometiniei al- 
 inod ncceflarily happen, or to wars, I have not been 
 able to determine ; though the truth of the fadl may 
 fairly be inferred, from the great oeconomy that tkcy 
 (Dbfcrve with refpcd to their food, even when there ii 
 plenty. In times of fcarcity, after their bread-fruit 
 and yams are confumcd, they have recourfc to various 
 toots which grow, without cultivation, upon the moun- 
 tains. The patarra, which is found in valt quantities, 
 is what they ufc firfl. It is not unlike a very large po- 
 tatoeor yam, and good when in its growing ftatci bur, 
 when old, is full of hard (Iringy fibres. They then cat 
 two other raou; one not unlike thetaros and laltly, 
 the ehoee. This is of two forts ; one of them poflcf- 
 Hng deleterious qualities, which obliges them to flice 
 and nuccratc it in water, a night before they bake and 
 cat it. In this rcfpedl it refembles thecaflava root of the 
 Weft-Indies ; but it forms a very infipid, moid pafte, in 
 the manner theydrcfs it. However, I nave fcen tnem eat 
 it at times when no fuch fcarcity reigned. Both this 
 and the patarra are creeping plants; the hn, with ter- 
 nate leaves. Of animal fotxl, a very finall portion falls, 
 at any time, to the (hare of the lower clals of people; 
 and then it is cither fifh, fca-eggs, or other marine pro- 
 duAions; for they feldom or ever eat pork. The erce 
 de hoi, (as Mr. Anderfon calls the king, but which 
 word Captain Cook writes erce rahic) is, alone, able to 
 furnifli pork every day; and inferior chiefs, according 
 to their riches, once a wc^k, fortnight, or month. 
 ' Sometimes they are not ewn allowed that; for, when 
 the iiland is impoveriflied by war, or other caufes, the 
 chief prohibits his fubjedls to kill any hogs ; and this 
 prohibition, wc arc told, is in force, fomctimes, for fe- 
 vcral months, or even for a year or two. During that 
 conftraint, the hogs multiply fo faft, that there are in- 
 ihnces of their changing their domeftic Rate, and turn- 
 ing wild. When it is thought proper to take otf the 
 prohibition, all the chiefs aflcmble attiie king's place of 
 abode; and each brings with him a prcfent of hogs. 
 The king then orders fomc of them to be killed, on 
 which they feaft; and, after that, every one return* 
 home with liberty to kill what he pleafes for his own 
 ufc. Such a prohibition was adhially in force, on our 
 laft arrival here ; at leaft, in all thofe diftridts of the 
 iiland that arc immediately under the diredion of 
 Otoo. And, led it fliouid have prevented our going to 
 Matavai, after leaving Oheitepeha, he fent a meflage to 
 aflure us, that it Ihould be taken off, as foon as the 
 lliips arriveil there. With refpeft to us, wc found it 
 fo ; but we made fuch a confumption of them, that, I 
 have no doubt of it, it would be laid on again, as foon 
 as uc failed. A fimilar prohibition is alio, fometimes, 
 extended to (owls. It is alfb among the better fort, 
 that the ava is chiefly ufed. But this beverage is pre- 
 pared fomewhat diflcrently from that which wc faw fo 
 much of at the Friendly Iflands : for they pour a very 
 fniall quantity of water upon the root here ; and fome- 
 times roafV, and bake, and bruife the ftalks, without 
 ehewing it previoufly to its infufion. They alfo ufc 
 the leaves of the plant here, which are bruifed, and wa- 
 ter poured upon them, as upon the root. Large com- 
 panies do not aflre;iible to c^-ink it, in that fociablc way 
 which is praittifcd at I'ongataboo. But its pernicious 
 cffccls arc more obvious here ; perhapi, o«''ng to the 
 manner of preparing it j as we oftcr. faw inflances of 
 its intoxicating, or rather ftupifving powers. Some of 
 ua, who had been at thefe iflancis before, were furprized 
 to find many people, who w hen we faw them laft, were 
 remarkable for their fizc and corpulency, now almoft 
 reduced to Ikeletons, and, upon enquiring into the 
 caufc of this alt ration, it was univerfally allowed to 
 be the ufc of the ava. The Ikins of thefe people were 
 rough, dry, and covered with fcales, which, they fay, 
 every now and then fall off, and their Ikin is, as it were, 
 renewed. As an cxcufe for a prac'tice fo dcftrudivc, 
 they allcdge, that it is adopted to prevent their grow- 
 ing too fat; but it evidently enervates them; and, in 
 all probability (hortens their days. As its cttcds had 
 not been fo vifiblc, during our former vifus, it is not 
 
 unlikely, that this article of luxury had never been (o 
 much abufcd ns at this time. If it continues to be 
 fafhionable, it bid* fair to dcftroy great numbers. 
 
 •• The times of eating, at Otahcitc, are very frequent. 
 Their firfl meal, (or rather, as it may be called) their 
 laft, as they go to flecp after it, is about two o'clock in 
 the morning; and the next is at eight. At eleven they 
 dine: and again, as Oiniah cxprciVrd it, at two, and at 
 five; and fup at eight. In this article of domeftic 
 life, they have adopted fame cuftoms th.-it arc exceed- 
 ing whimfical. The women, for inflance, have not 
 only the mortificution of being obliged to eat by them- 
 felves, and in a different part of tlic houfc from the 
 men; but, by a ftrangc kind of policy, are excluded 
 from a ftiarc of moft of the betterforts «f food. They 
 are not permitted to tafte turtle, nor fifli of the tunny 
 kind, which is much cftcemcd ; nor fome particular 
 forts of the bcft plantains ; and it is very feldom that 
 even thofe of the firft rank cat pork. The children of 
 each fex alfo eat apart; and the women, generally, 
 ferve up their own vidiials ; for they would certainly 
 ftarvc, before any grown man would do them fuch a 
 fcrvice. In this, as well as in fome other cuftoms re- 
 lative to their caring, there is a myllerious coiulud, 
 which wc could never thoroughly comprehend. U'hen 
 wc enquired into the reafons of it, wc could get no 
 other anfwer, but that it is right and neceirury it ffiould 
 be fo. In other cuftoms, remrding the females, there 
 fcems to be no obfcurity; elpccially' as to their con- 
 nc£lions with the men. If a young man and woman, 
 from mutual choice, cohabit, the man gives the fatherof 
 the girl fuch things as are necelTary in common life, aa 
 hogs, cloth, and canoes, in proportion to the time they 
 are together; and if he thinks that he has not been 
 fufliciently paid for his daughter, he makes no fcruplc of 
 forcing her to leave her friend, and to cohabit with ano- 
 ther perfon who may be more liberal. The man, on 
 his part, is always at liberty to make a new choice; but 
 lliould his confort become pregnant, he may kill thc' 
 child; and after that, cither continue his connexion 
 with thc mother, or leave her. But if he (hould adopt 
 the child, and futfer it to live, the parties are then con- 
 fidered as in thc married ftate, and they commonly live 
 together ever after. However, it is thought no crime 
 in the man to join a more youthful partner to his firft 
 wife, and to live with both. Their cuftom of chang- 
 ing their connedions is, however, much more general 
 than this laft; and it is a thing fo common, that they 
 fpcak of it with great indiftercnce. The errcoes are 
 only thofe of the better fort, who, from their ficklcnefs, 
 and their poffelling the means of purchafing frclh con- 
 nedions, are conftantly roaming about; and, from hav- 
 ing no particular attachment, feldom adopt thc nwrc 
 fettled method mentioned above. And fo agreeable is 
 this licentious manner of life to their difpolitbn, that 
 thc moft beautiful of both fexes thus commonly fpcnd 
 their youthful days, habituated to the pradice of enor- 
 mities, which would difgrace thc moft favage tribes; 
 but arc peculi.irly (hocking among a people whofe ge- 
 neral charader, in other refpeds, has evident traces of 
 thc prevalence of humane and tender feelings. When 
 an crrcoc woman is delivered of a child, a piece of 
 cloth dipped in water, is applied to the niouth and 
 nofe, which fuffocatcs it. As in fuch a lift-, their wo- 
 men muft contribute a very large ftiarc of its happinefs, 
 it is rather furprifing, bcfidesthe humiliating reftraints 
 they are laid under w ith regard to food, to find them 
 often treated with a degree of harflincfs, or rather bru- 
 tality, which one would fcarcely fuppofe a man would 
 bcftow, on an objcd for w horn he had the Icaft afl'ec- 
 tion. Nothing, however, is more common, than to fee 
 the men beat them without mercy ; and unlefs this treat- 
 ment is the etTciit of jealoufy, which both fexes, at Icalt, 
 pretend to be fomctimes infeded with, it will be diffi- 
 cult to account for it. It will be Icfs difiicult to ad- 
 mit this as thc motive, as I have fccn fcveral inftances 
 where the women have preferred pcrfonal beauty to in- 
 tereft; though I muft own, that even in thefe cafes, they 
 fecm fcarce^ fufceptible of thofe delicate fentiments, 
 that arc the refult of mutual alTcdioni and, I believe, 
 
 that 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAOE— To the PACIFIC OCl-AN, &c. 
 
 5M 
 
 iltHt there i» left plaionic love in Ouhcite, than in any 
 other country. . 
 
 •" Their religious fyftcm ii extenfive, and, m nwny 
 inflancet, finguT«r ( but few of the common pewjic have 
 a perfe<fl knowletige of itt that being confined chiefly 
 to their prieOs, who arc pretty numcroui. They ilo 
 not feem to pay rel'pecft to one god as poirifling pre- 
 eminence i but believe in a plurality ut divinities, \«hu 
 ■re all very powerful i and, in this cafe, as ditVcrcnt 
 paru of the illand, and the other idanJs in the neigh- 
 bourhood, have diiVcreni ones, the inhabitants of each, 
 no doubt, think that they have choUn the moft emi- 
 nent, or, at leaft, one who is inverted with power fufli- 
 cient to protect them, and to fupply all their wants. If 
 he ihould not anfwer their expei^Utions, they think it no 
 impiety to change t as has very lately happened at 
 Tiaraboo, where, in the' room of two divinities for- 
 merly honoured, Olla,potl of Bolabola, has been adopted, 
 I fliould fu^ipole, bccaufc he is the protedtor of a pco- 
 
 tle who have been vidorious in war i and as, fmce they 
 ave made this chanije, they have been very fucccfsful 
 thcmielves againll the inhabitants of Otahcitc-nooc, 
 they impute it entirely to Olla, who, as they literally fay, 
 fights their battles. Their affiduity in ferving their 
 gods is remarkably confpicuo^is. Not only the whattas, 
 or ottering places of the morais, arc commonly loaded 
 with fruits and animals i but there are few houles where 
 you do not meet with a finall plate of the fame fort near 
 them. Many of them are fo rigidly fcrupulous, that 
 they will not begin a meal, without firll laying afidc a 
 inorfel for the eatooa j and wc had an opportunity dur- 
 ing this voyage, of feeing their fuperftitious zeal carried 
 to a pernicious height, m the initance of human facri- 
 fices, the occafions ot ottering which, I doubt, are too 
 frequent. Ferhap, they have rccourfc to them when 
 misfortunes occur; for tliey alked, if one of our men, 
 who happened to be confined, when we were detained 
 by a contrary wind, was taboo? Their prayers are alfo 
 very frequent, which they chant, much after the man- 
 ner of the fongs in their feftive entertainments. And 
 the women, as m other cafes, arc alfo obliged to (hew 
 their inferiority in religious obfervances; for it is re 
 <]uircd of them, that they fliould partly uncover them- 
 felvcs, as they pafs the morais ; or take a confiderablc 
 circuit to avoul them. Though they have no notion, 
 that their god mull always be conferring benefits, with- 
 out fomctiines forgetting them, or fuHTering evil to bc- 
 ial them, they feem to regard this lefs than the attempts 
 of foinc morq inaufpicious being to hurt them. They 
 tell us, that c.jc is an evil fpirit, who fomctimcs does 
 us mifchicf, and to whom, as well as to their good 
 being, they make ofTerings. But the mifchiefs they ap- 
 prehend from any fuperior inviflble agents, arc con- 
 fined to things merely temporal. They believe the 
 foul to be both immaterial and immortal. They fay, 
 that it keeps fluttering about the lips during the pangs 
 of death; and that then it afcends, and mixes with, or, 
 as they cxprefs it, is eaten by the deity. In this ftate it 
 remains for fome time; after which, it departs to a 
 certain place deftincd for the reception of the fouls of 
 men, where it exifts in eternal nigit; or, as they fome- 
 times fay in twilight, or dawn. They have no idea of 
 any permanent punilhment after death, for crimes they 
 have committed on earth ; for the fouls of good and 
 bad men are eat indifcriininatcly by the deity ; but they 
 certainly confider this coalition with him as a kind of 
 purification necelTary to be undergone, before they en- 
 ter into a ftatc of blifs ; for according to their dodrinc, 
 if a man refrain from all connexion with women fome 
 months before death, he pafTes immediately into his 
 eternal manfion, without luch a previous union, as if 
 already, by this abrtinencc, he wercpure enough to lie 
 exempted from the general lot. Tncy are, however, 
 far from entertaining fuch fublime conceptions of hap- 
 pinels, which our religion, and, indeed, reafon, gives us 
 room to expedt hereafter. The only great privilege 
 they feem to think they (hall acquire by death, is im- 
 mortality, for the^ fpcak of fpirits being, in fome mea- 
 fure, not touUy divclled of thofc paflions which adu- 
 No. 63. 
 
 ated them when combiiuii with niattiial vchiilck. 
 Thus if fouls, who were formally enemies, fliould meet, 
 they hn\e ninny conflicts) though it nunild lain, to iu> 
 purpofr,as thry arc accounted invulnerable in tliis invi- 
 iible Ante. There is a liinilar reafoning with re|;:ird to 4 
 man and his wife when iliey meet. If the luifhai.d 
 dies (irl>, the foul of his wife is known to him on iu 
 arrival in the luiul of fpirits. They refume their for- 
 mer aaiiiaintanee in u tpucioiis hoiifcji called touroon, 
 where the fouls of the dccealld afFcmblc to recreate 
 themfclves with the gods. She then retires with him 
 to his leparate habitation, whert they remain for ever, 
 and have an ott'spring, which, however, is entirely fpi- 
 ritual, as they arc neither married, nor are their em- 
 braces fuppofed to be the fame as with corporeal be- 
 ings. Some of their notions about the dtity, are ex- 
 travagantly abfiird. 'Ihey believe, that he is fiibjceit to 
 the power of thof'e very fpirits to whom he has given 
 exilU'nre; and that, in their turn, they ficiueittly eat 
 or devour him, though he polR-fs the power of retreat- 
 ing himfelf. They, doiibtlefs, ufe thi3 inoilc of cx- 
 prelTion, as they (ecin incapable of converfing about 
 imiiiaterial things, without coijltantly referring to ma- 
 terial objeds to conv:-y i.iicir'fTi;aning. .\iul in this 
 manner they continue the acc.iiint, by laying, that, in 
 thcTounx)a, the deity enquires, if they intend, or not, 
 to dcflroy him.' .And that he is not able to alter tiieir 
 determination. This is known to the inhabitants oii 
 earth, as well as to the fpirits; for when the moon is in 
 its wane, it is faid, that they are then devourinjj their 
 eatooa; and that, as it incrcafes, he is renewing himfelf. 
 And to this accident, not only the inferior, but the moft 
 eminent gods fire liable. 'I'hcy alfo believe, that there 
 are other places for the reception of fouls after de.ith. 
 Thus, thofe who are drowned in the fea, remain there; 
 where they think that tlieic is a line country, hoiifcs, 
 and every thing that can make thCn^ happy. But what 
 is more lingular, they inainrain, that not only ail other 
 animals, but trees, fruit, aii.i even Rones, have foul.s, 
 Uthich at death, or upon being confumed, or broken, 
 afcend to the divinity, with whom they firll mix, and 
 afterwards pafs into the manfion allotted to each. They 
 imagine, that their pundtual performance of religious 
 oflices procures them every temporal blcfTing. And an 
 they believe, that the animating and powerful influ- 
 ence of the deity is every where ditt'ufcd, it is no won- 
 der that they join to this many fuperftitious opinions 
 about itsopcrations^, Accordingly, tlicy believe that (bid- 
 den deaths, and all other accidents, arc elledcd by the 
 immediate adion of fome divinity. If a man only 
 (tumble againft a (lone, and hurt his toe, tlu) impute it 
 to an eatooa; fo that they may be literally faid. agreeable 
 to their fyftem, to tread on enchanted ground. They 
 arc ftartled, in the night, on approaching a toopapoo, 
 where the dead arc cxpofcd, in the fame manner that 
 many of our ignorant and fupcrftitious people arc wich 
 theapprehenfionsof ghofts, and at the (ight of a church 
 yard ; and they have an equal confidence in dreams, 
 which they fujppofe to be communications either from 
 their god, or from the fpirits of their departed friends, 
 enabling thofc favoured with ihem to foretell future 
 events ; but this kind of knowledge is confined to par- 
 ticular people. Omiah pretcnJed to have this gift. He 
 told us, that the foul of his father had intimated to him 
 in a dream, on the 26th of July, 1776, that he fliould 
 go on (liore. at fome place, within three days; but he 
 was unfortunate in this firft attempt to perfuadc usthA 
 he was a prophet; for it was the ifb of Auguft before 
 we got into Tencrifl^c. Among them, however, the 
 dreamers polTcfs a reputation little inferior to that of 
 their infpircd priefts and prieftelTes, whofc prcdidions 
 they implicity believe, and are determined by them in 
 all undertakings of confcquencc. The pricftefs who 
 perfuadcd Opoony to invade Ulietea, is much refpeded 
 by him; and he never goes to war without confulting 
 her. They alfo, in fome degree, maintain our old doc- 
 trine of planetary influence; at leaft, they are fomctimes- 
 regulated, in their public counfels, by certain appear- 
 ances of the moon ; particularly when lying horizon- 
 6 O f^iy^ 
 
 
 1" 
 
u 
 
 5'4 
 
 Capt. C O O K •« VOYAGES C O M P I, K i E. 
 
 ■I V 
 
 l»' 
 
 Fi- n 
 
 *f'^ 
 
 w,r- 
 
 '-\i:< '*', 
 
 Ully, or much inclined on the convex p«rt, on it* M\ 
 appcannrc after the change, they arc encouriged to en- 
 gage in war, witli confidence of lucccf». 
 
 "They have irailiti(>n«conierninK the creation, which, 
 ai might be cxpci'Ud, are tomplex, and clouded with 
 obfcurity. They (ay. th.it agiKldcIs hating a lump or 
 maf» of earth fufpcmloil in a conl, gave it a fwing, and 
 fcattcrcd about piecc.1 of land, thus creating Otaheitc 
 and the neighb«*iring illands. I'hey have alio no- 
 lion* of a univerfal creation, and of lands, of which 
 they have now no other know Udgc than what is men- 
 tioned in their tradition*. Their molV remote account 
 reaches to Tatot)ma and Tapuppa, male and female 
 flones or rocks, whofup}M)rt the mats of land and wa- 
 ter, or our glolK underneath. 'Ihefe prculured Totorro, 
 whq was killed, and divided into land; and, after him, 
 Otaia and Oroo were begotten, who afterward were 
 married, and pitxliiccd Inrt land, and then a race of 
 gotis. Otaia is killed, and Oroo marries a god, her 
 l(>n, called Tcorraha, whom (lie orders to create more 
 land, the animals, anil all forts of food, found upon 
 the earth; as alfo the Iky, which is fupjwrted by men 
 called Teeferci. The fptits obfer%cd in the moon, are 
 Aippofcd to be groves of a Ibrt of trees which once 
 crew in Otaheite, and being dcllroyed by fome acci- 
 dent, their ficds were carried up thither by dovei, where 
 they now flourilh. 
 
 " They have alio many legends, both hiOorical and re- 
 ligious, one o( w hich, relative to the practice of eating 
 human flclh, I fliall give the fublbncc of, as a fjiccimcn 
 of their mcthotl. A long time fincc, there lived in 
 Otaheite two men, called Tahccai ; the onlj- name they 
 yet have for cannibals. None knew from whence thev 
 came, or in what manner they arrived at the ifland. 
 Their habitation was in the mountains, from whence 
 thev iifed to iiruc, and kill many of the natives, whom 
 they afterwards devoured, and, by that means, prevented 
 the progrcfs of population. 'Iwo brothers being de- 
 termined to ri(f their country of fuch a formidable 
 enemy, ufed a ftratagcm for their dcftrudtion, with 
 fuccefs. Thefe lived farther upward than the Tahecai, 
 and in fuch a fituation, that they could fpcak with them, 
 without greatly hazarding their own lafety. They in- 
 vited them to accept of an entertainment, that (hould 
 be provided for them, to which thcfc readily confented. 
 The brothers then taking fome ftoncs, heated them, and 
 thrufting them into pieces of mahce, dcfired one of the 
 Tahecai to open his mouth. On which, one of theic 
 pieces was dropped in, and fome water poured down, 
 which made a boiling or hilfing noife, in quenching the 
 ftone, and killed him. Ihcy intieated the other to do 
 the fame; but he declined it, rcprefenting the confe- 
 qucnccs of his companion's eaiing. However they af- 
 fured him, that the foot! was excellent, and its ettc(iU 
 
 pnly temporary; 
 
 for that the other would foon recover. 
 
 His credulity was fuch, that he fwallowed the bait, and 
 fliared the fate of the firft. The natives then cut them 
 in pieces, which they buried; and conferred the govern- 
 ment of the ifland on the brothers, as a reward for deli- 
 vering them from fuch monfters. Their relidence was 
 i,>thc diftrid called Whapaneenoo; and to this day 
 tW re remains a bread-fruit-tree, once the property of 
 ih. Taheeais. They had alfo a woman, who lived with 
 thim'and had t«o tceih of a prodigious fize. After 
 tkievwcrckilLd, Jliclivcdatthe ifland Otaha, and. when 
 dead was ranked among their deities. She did not eat 
 human flcfli. as the men ; but, from the fizc of her 
 teeth the natives flill call any animal that has a fierce 
 appearance, or isrcpufcnted with large tulks, Tahteai. 
 E\CTY one mufl allf>\v, that this llory is juft as natural 
 as that of 1 Icrc iilcs deftroying the Hydra, or the more 
 modern one of Jack, the giant killer: nor do 1 find, 
 that there is anv moral couched under it, any more 
 than under moil old fables of the fame kind, which 
 have been received as truths only during the prcva- 
 fci.ce df the fame ignorance that marked the charader 
 of the ages in which they were invented. It, however, 
 ha; nt't been improperly introduced, as ferving to ex 
 brcfsthe horror and dcteftation entertained here,againft 
 thofc who feed •• •• " "'"• *"'' **' ''™'" '"""• 
 
 L-n human flefli. And, yet, 'from fome 
 
 circumftance*, 1 have been led to think, that the na- 
 tives of thefe iflea » ere formerly cannibals. Upon al\. 
 lug Omiah, he denied it ftouily j )ei mentioned a fad), 
 within hit own knowledge, which almofl confirms fuch 
 an opinion. When the people of Holabola, one time, 
 defeated thofe of Huahelne. • great number of hia 
 kinfmcn were flain. But one of his relations had, af- 
 terward, an opportunity of revenging hiinfclf, when the 
 Bolabola men were wnrfted in their turn, and cutting a 
 piece out of the thigh of one of hit enemies, he broiled 
 and eat it. I have.allo, frequently conlidered the ofterln^ 
 of the perlbn'a eye, whoii farhfted, and oflirred to the 
 chief, ai a veftige of a cuflom which once really ex- 
 irtcd to a greater extent, and is (I ill commemorated by 
 this emblematical ceremony. 
 
 " The being inverted w ith the maro, and the predding 
 at human facrifices, feem to 6e peculiar charadcriflica 
 of the fovereign. To thefe, perhaps, may be added the 
 blowing a conch-ftiell, w hich produces a very loud found. 
 On hearing it, all his fubjecls are obliged to bring food 
 of every lort to his royal rrtidence, in proportion to 
 their abilities. On fome occafions, they carry their ve- 
 neration for his very name, to an extravagant and very 
 dcdrudiivc pitch. For if, on his accclTlon to the maro, 
 any words in their language be found to have a refem- 
 blance to it in found, they are changed forothen ; and 
 if any man be bold enough not to comply, and continue 
 to ufe thofe words, not only he, but all his relations, are 
 immediately put to death. The fame fe verity is exer- 
 cifed toward thofe who fliall prefume to apply this fa- 
 crcd name to any animal. And, agreeably to this cuf- 
 tom of his countrymen, Omiah u(cdto exprefs his in- 
 dignation, that the Englifli fliould give tnc names of 
 Sirince or princcfs to their favourite dogs or horfct. 
 lut while death is the punilhment for making free 
 with the name of their fovereign, if abufc be only le- 
 velled at his Bovcrnmcnt, the offender efcapes with the 
 forfeiture of land and houfes. The king never cntera 
 the houfe of any of his fubieifls, but has in every dif- 
 tri(fl, where he vifitt, houfcs belonging to himfelf. And 
 if, at any time, he (hould be obliged, by accident, to 
 deviate from this rule, the houfe thus honoured with 
 his prcfence, and every part of its furniture, it burnt. 
 His fubje(fb not only uncover to him, when prefent, 
 down tp the wain ; but if he be at any particular place, 
 a pole, having a piece of cloth tied to it, it fet up jbme- 
 wherc near, to which they pay the fame honours. Hia 
 brothers are alfo intitled to the firft part of the cere- 
 mony ; but the women only uncover to tiie females of 
 the royal family : in fliort, they feem even fuperflitious 
 in their refpedf to him, and eftecm hit jxrfon little Icfs 
 than facred. And it is, perhaps, to thclccircumflaiKes, 
 that he owes the quiet poflcflion of his dominions. For 
 even the people of Tiaraboo allow him the fame ho- 
 noura as his right ; though at the fame time, they look 
 upon their own chief as more powerful; and fay, that 
 h: would fuccced to the government of the whole 
 ifland, (hould the prefent reigning family become ex- 
 tinfl. This is the more likely, as Waheiadooa not only 
 pofrefTes Tiaraboo, but many diflridls of Opooreano. 
 His territories, therefore, are almofl equal, in extent, ro 
 thofe of Otoo; and he has, bcfldes, the advantage of a 
 more populous and fertile part of the ifland. His fub- 
 je&i, alio, have given proofs of their fuperiority; by 
 frequent victories over thofe of Otaheitc-now, whom 
 they affcd to fpeak of as contemptible warriors, cafily 
 to bo worfted, if, at any time, their chief (hould wifn 
 to' put it to the tell. 
 
 " The ranks of people, bcfides rhc ercc de hoi, and his 
 family, arc the erecs, or powerful chiefs; the mana- 
 hoone,orvairals; and the tcou or toutou, fcrvants, or 
 rather flaves. The men of each of thefe, a'ccording to 
 the regular inflitutton, form their conneiflions with wo- 
 men of their refpcdivc ranks; but if with any inferior 
 one, which frequently happens, and a child be born, it 
 is prefcrvcd, and has the rank of the father, unlefs he 
 happens to be an eree, in which cafe it is killed. If a 
 woman of condition fliould chufc an inferior perlbn to 
 officiate as an hufband, the children he has by her are 
 killed: and (hould a toutou be caught in an intrigue 
 
 with 
 
the na- 
 ponalk- 
 d a fad), 
 rmi fuch 
 nc time, 
 rr of hia 
 had| ftf- 
 whcn the 
 rutiinsa 
 ic hr(>)Icd 
 : otrerin{|( 
 cd to the 
 really ex- 
 orated b/ 
 
 prcfiding 
 iderinica 
 added the 
 )ud found, 
 ring food 
 portion to 
 ^ their ve- 
 
 and very 
 
 the niaro, 
 
 a rcfem- 
 herst and 
 i continue 
 ations, are 
 ty is exer- 
 )ly this fa'* 
 o this cuf- 
 rcfs his in- 
 ; names of 
 
 or horfcs. 
 rtakinc free 
 X only le- 
 les with the 
 lever enter* 
 t\ every dif- 
 mfclf. And 
 ccident, to 
 lOured with 
 re, is burnt, 
 icn prcfent, 
 cular place, 
 fct up ibme- 
 nourt. Hit 
 if the cerc- 
 c females of 
 rupcrftitious 
 'on little left 
 rcumdances, 
 nions. For 
 IC fame ho- 
 le. they look 
 nd fay, that 
 f the whole 
 become ex- 
 looa not only 
 
 Opooreano. 
 
 in extent, to 
 Ivantape of a 
 1. His fub- 
 )eriority; by 
 
 nooe, whom 
 arriors, eafily 
 ' {hould wim 
 
 c hoi, and his 
 ; the mana- 
 , fervants, or 
 , a'ccording to 
 ions with wo- 
 h any inferior 
 Id be born, it 
 her, unlefs he 
 killed. If a 
 erior pcrfon to 
 las by her are 
 ji an intrigue 
 with 
 
 m 
 
II 
 
 i 
 
 h 
 
 i»f 
 
 ;*. 
 
 
 m 
 
 11 
 
 j ill ' 
 
 I ■ 
 
 B' >l 
 
 • ' tf 
 
 iV'^ 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 4i 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ta - 
 

 
 >.*, 
 
 I . ■ ■ 
 
 •■* 
 
 I '■■' 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 ■s 
 
 * 
 
 t( 
 
 
 
 
 
 ) 1 
 
 
 
 
 i « 
 
 
 
 
 5t 
 
 
 «-< 
 
 COOK'S 'I IIIKI) and LAST VOYAGF—To ihe lAClllC OCIi AN, ficc. 515 
 
 wiehu woman of ihc HIikhI. royal. Iv 11 |>iit I" .luili 
 'Ihr Ion ot tlifcrrc cir hoi lui t tcili lim luthrr in tiili 
 nml honoiirt, a» dnm « he i.lvimi Ivif il he lliould 
 h»vc no chiUlu-n, thr bri>thrr nirumn the Kovcrnnuiu 
 •(hiitlcjih. In other f»iiiilici, |H)ni((i(>ii»alwa) . ik- 
 fremlto the clilrfHbni liut he m ol)h|>,<;il 10 maintain 
 hi4 limthcri and iifteri, mHu aie alloMCil houlei on lu« 
 
 " The hoiimliiriei of the fcvcral ililUii'lt, into which 
 ptaheitr is iJiviilol, arc ncncrailv , iitlur iiviiK tH, or low 
 hilU, whuh m nun) plaies, jut out nilo the Ira. Hui 
 the CulHlivilions into partitui r |)io|Kity,arcmarkal l>y 
 large flonn, whii h have rciiaiiK cl lioiii one (generation 
 toanothcr. The rcinnvil of any ot ihcfe j^ivri* rile 10 
 qiinrrrN, whieh air lieiulal hyarnis-, eai h party liring- 
 inc hii friemU into the litlil. Hut il any one eompi.tin 
 10 the erec lie hoi, he terminates the ilitlerent e aiiiii a- 
 bly. This IS an ollinee, however, not KMnnioiu ami 
 loiin cullom fccms to femrepro|>ertv licreai clJVctually 
 as the moll fcwrc laws «lo in other j ountries. In toii- 
 lormity alio to ancient pnn'tice ellahlilheil anionj? them, 
 crime* of a lefs general nature are left to lie pimilluit 
 by the fufferer, without icferring them to a fiiperior 
 In this cafe, they lecm to think, that the ininred perlon 
 will judge as equitably as thofe who are totally iimon- 
 cerncd i and as long cullom has allotted certain punilli- 
 ments of diflereni forts, he is allowed to inHu't thtm, 
 without lieing amtnahlc to any other perlon. l hits, il 
 any one be caught Healing, whu h is commonly done in 
 the night, the proprietor «)t the goods may put the 
 thief inllantly to diath i ami if any one IlioukI enquire 
 of him after the dneilnl, it is fuHicient to acquit 
 him, if he only inl'irms iluin of the provocation he 
 had to kill hun. But lb fcvcrc a punilliment ii feldom 
 inHiClcd, unlcfs the articles that are ftolen be reckoned 
 very valuable, fuch as bread plates, and plaited hair. 
 If only cloth, or even hogs In- rtolen, and the thici 
 cfcape, upon hi» being afterward difcovered, if he pro- 
 mifeto return the fame number of pieces of cloth, or 
 of hogi, no fiirther punilbment is inHitled, .S)me- 
 times, after keeping out of the way for a few daj «, 
 he is forgiven, or at moft, gets a flight bcatiiij^. 
 If a (lerfon kill another in a quarrel, the friends ol 
 the deccafed aflembic, and engage the furvivoi am) 
 hi* adherents. If they conijuer, they take piirtliion 
 of the houfe, lands, and g>K>ds, of the other part) 
 but if conquered, the rcverlit takes place. If a ma- 
 nahnonc kills the toutou, or flave of a chief, the latter 
 fends people to take pofl'eillon of the lands and houfe 
 of the former, who Hies cither to (i)mc othei part 01 
 the ifland, or to fome of the neighbouring illands 
 After fume months he returns, and finding his Dock ot 
 hogs much incrcafed, he olFeis a large prel'ent of thefc, 
 V'iih red feathers, and other articles, to the toutou's 
 mailer, w ho generally accepts the cumpenfation, niul 
 permits him to repoffefs his houfe and laiuls. This 
 
 Sraclirc is the height of venality and injuflice; and the 
 aycr of the flavc liirms to lie under no farther nccef- 
 lity of alil'ci>niling, than to impofc iipon the lower clafs 
 of peojilc, w ho are the futlcrcrs. For it docs not ap- 
 pear, that the chief has the lealf power to punith this 
 manahoonc; but the vhole management marks a col- 
 lufton between him and his fuperior, to gratify the re- 
 venge of the former, and the av irice of the latter. In- 
 deed, w'c need not wonder, that the killing of a man 
 ihould be conlidered as fo venial an olVencc among a 
 people, who do not conlidcr it as any crime to muidei 
 their own children. When talking to them about fuch 
 indancesof unnatural cruelty, anii alking, whether the 
 chiefs or principal were not angry, and did not punifli 
 them? I was told, that the chief neither could nor 
 would interfere in fuch cafes ; and that every one had 
 a right to do with his own child what he pleal'ed. 
 
 " Though the produdions, the people, the cuf- 
 toms and manners of all the illands in the neighbour- 
 hood, may, in general, be reckoned the fame as at 
 Otaheite, there are a few dili'erences which (hould be 
 mentioned, ai this may lead to an enquiry about more 
 ■oatcrial ones hereafter, if fuch there be, of which wc 
 
 ire now ignorant. With regard to the little illand of 
 ^'laiaia, or Olhalturgh Illand, whn h lir« twenty leaguci 
 cill olOtaheite, .mil belongs to a chief o' that place, 
 who gels frutn iheni e a kind of tribute : there a ditfe- 
 rent i*ialecl fium that ol Ot.iheite is f|ioken. The men 
 ot Mai.iia alio wear their hair very long 1 :ii d when 
 they light, rover their arint with a liilijlanec which is 
 beli't with lliarkit teeth, and tliur bodies with a fort of 
 ihagrceii, being Ikm ol lidics, ,\i the laiuc time, they 
 are ornimenied with p< ' t' ,l|>e,iil (hells, which make 
 a ptiKligious glittering m th" inn 1 and they have a 
 very large one that covers them beforf, like a Ihicid or 
 brealUplate. Hut Otaheite is remark.iblc for pro- 
 ducing great tiiianiities of that delicious fruit we called 
 apples, whiili au t"iiiid in none of thr other ilk nds, 
 exiept I'.imrii. It has alio the advantage ot producing 
 an oiiiiriteroiii wooil, tailed luhoi, which is hignly 
 valiieil at the oihir ifles, where there is none 1 nor in 
 tlie ((Miih-eall peiiinrul.i, or Ti.iraboo, though loining 
 It. Iliiaheine and L'Jnuo again, ate renurKjbIc for 
 |ir(Khi( ing glean r miantitiek of yanm than the other 
 iil.indi. Aiiil ai VIihiiihm there is a particular bird, 
 fiiind upon the hills, much elleemed for its white 
 leathers , at whiih place there if alfn faid to be Tome 
 of the apples, ihouj'h it be the moft remote of the 
 Soi ieiy lilindslrom Otaheite and Eimco, where they 
 are produccil. 
 
 " I hough the religion of nil the iflands be the fame, 
 each (it them has its partic ular or tutelar god, whofe 
 nanus, according to the hell inliirmation I could 
 obtain, are enumerated in the lollowmg lill. 
 
 (ions of the 
 
 
 Isi.ri. 
 
 Tanne 
 
 _ 
 
 1 luahcinc 
 
 Ooro 
 
 
 Ulictea 
 
 Tanne 
 
 • 
 
 Otaha 
 
 Olla 
 
 . 
 
 lk>labola 
 
 Otoo, ee wciahoo 
 
 - 
 
 MoiiriMM 
 
 I'anuiucc 
 
 - 
 
 'I'oobaec 
 
 f Tal)ooymanoo, or 
 
 Taroa 
 
 
 < Saunder's Illand, 
 (.fubjcct to Huaheine. 
 
 Oron hadou 
 
 . 
 
 Eimeo 
 
 Ooroo 
 
 - 
 
 Otaheite and 
 Otaheite nooe 
 
 Opoonooa and 
 Whatootercc 
 
 • 
 
 Tiaraboo 
 
 I'ooIkjo, toobooai am 
 
 1 
 
 V Mataia or 
 
 Kv maraiva 
 
 I Olhaburgh Idand 
 
 Tammarec 
 
 - 
 
 The low ilTanJs callward. 
 
 " Bendcs the i lufler of high iflands from Mataia to 
 Mourooa inclulive the jwopk ol Otaheite arc ac- 
 quainted with a low uninhabited illand, which they 
 name Mopccha, and fcenn to be Howe's Ifland, laid, 
 down to the wellward of Mourooa in our late charts of 
 this ocean. Tt> this the inhabiti-nts of the moll lee- 
 ward iflands fometimcs go. There arc alio feveral 
 low iflands to the north-callward of Utaheite, which 
 they have fometimcs vilitcd, but not conflantly 1 and 
 arc laid to be only at the diflance of two days fail with 
 a fair wind. They arc thus named Mataecva, Oanaa 
 or Oannah, Taboohoc, Awchcc, Kaoora, Orootooa, and 
 Otavaoo where arc large pearls. 
 
 " The inhabitants of thcie illands come frequently to 
 Otaheite and the other neighlwuring high iflandi, 
 from whofc natives they ditfcr in being of a darker 
 colour, with a licrccr afpeCl, and diH'ercntly pundured. 
 I was informed, that at Mataeeva.and others of them, 
 it is the cullom for the men to give their daughters to 
 (Irangcrs w h.i arrive among them j but the pairs muft 
 be five nights lying near each other, without prefuming 
 to proceed farther. On the fixth evening, the father 
 of the young w«man treats his giieft with food, and 
 informs his daughter, that flic muft that night receive 
 him as her huiband. The ftrangcr, however, muft not 
 otlcr to exprels the Icaft diflike, though the bedfellow 
 allotted hun be ever fo difagreeablc ; for this is con- 
 fidcrcd as an unpardonable atlronr, and is puniflied 
 
 with 
 
 '^ ,1! 
 i 
 
5'6 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 
 Si . ■ ! 
 
 1^; ■ 
 
 |:| 
 
 with death. Forty men of Bolabola, who, incited by 
 curiofity, had roamed as far as Mataeeva in a canoe, 
 were treated ' in this manner i one of them having 
 incautioufly mentioned his diflikc of the woman who 
 fell to his'lot, in the hearing of a boy who informed 
 her father. In confequcncc of this, the Mataeevans 
 fell upon them ; but thcfc warlike people killed three 
 ^imea their own number, though with the Ibfs of all 
 their party, except five. Thofc hid themfelves in the 
 woods, and took an opportunity, when the others were 
 burjring their dead, to enter fome houfes, where, 
 havmg provided thcmfclvecs with viduals and water, 
 they carried them on board a canoe, in which they made 
 their cfcape; and, after pafling Mataia, at which they 
 would not touch, at lad arrived fafc at Eimeo. The Bo* 
 labolans however, were f.'nlible enough that their tra- 
 vellers had been to blame ; fora canoe trom Mvaeeva ar- 
 . Iving fome time a fter at Bolabola, fo far were they from 
 retaliating upon them for the death of thcircount^men, 
 that they acknowledged they had dcfervcd their fate, 
 and treated their vilitors with much hofpitality. Thefe 
 low ifles are, doiibtlcfs the farthed navigation, which 
 thofe of Otaheite, and the Society Iflands, perform at 
 
 Erefent. It fcems to be a groundlefs fuppofition, made 
 y Monf. dc Bougainville, by whom we are told, that 
 thefe people fometitnes navigate at the diftance of 
 more than three hundred leagues. I do not believe 
 they make voyages of this prodigious extent ; for it is 
 reckoned a fort of prodigy, that a canoe, once driven 
 by a florm from Otaheite, Ihould have fallen in with 
 Mopecha, or Howe's Ifland, though fo near, and di- 
 rcclly to leeward. The knowledge that they have of 
 other diflant iflands is, no doubt, traditional ; and has 
 been communicated to them by the natives of thofe 
 illands, driven accidentally upon their coafts, who, 
 befidcs gi>ing them the names, could eafily inform 
 them ot the dircdion in which the places lie from 
 whence they came, and of the number of days they 
 had been upon the f;a. In this manner, it may be 
 fuppofed, that the natives of Wateeo have increafed 
 their catalogue by the addition of Otaheite, and its 
 neighbouring illes, from the people wc met with there, 
 and alfo of ihe other iflands thefe had heard of. Wc 
 may thus account for that extcnfive knowledge attri- 
 buted, by the gentlemen of the Kndeavour, to Tupia, in 
 fuch matters. And, with all due deference to his 
 veracity, I prefume that it was, by the fame means of 
 information, that he was able to dircd the'rtiip to Ghe^ 
 teroa, without having ever been there himfclf, as he 
 pr<?tcnded ; which, on many accounts, is very impro- 
 bable." Here ends Mr. Anderfon's ftrictures on Ota- 
 heite, and its neighbouring iflands. 
 
 One year and fi'c months had now elapfed, fince 
 our departure from England ; during which period we 
 haa not l^ccn, upon the whole, unprofitably employed. 
 Crptain Cook was fenfible, tha., with rcfpe^t to the 
 
 Krincipal objedl of his inftrudions, our voyage might 
 c confidercd, at this time, at only at its commence- 
 ment ; and therefore, his attention to whatever might 
 contribute towards our fafety and final fuccefs, was 
 now to be exerted, as it were, anew. We had, with this 
 view, examined int> the ilate of our provifions at the 
 iflands we had laft vifitcd t and having now, on leaving 
 them, proceeded beyond the extent ot former difcove- 
 ries, an accurate furvcy was ordered to be taken of all 
 the ftores that were in each (hip, that, by being fully 
 infonned of thcquantity and condition of every article, 
 wc might know how to ufe them to the greatcll ad- 
 vantage. We had alfo, before we had quitted the 
 Society Ifles, taken every opportunitjf of enquiring of 
 the natives, whether there were any iflands fituate in 
 a northerly or north-wefterly dirciflion from them, but 
 it did not appear that they knew of any. 
 
 Wc ihould now proceed with the pn^refs of the 
 voyage, after our leaving the Society iflands ; but (hall 
 deter it for the commencement of the next chapter ; in 
 order to lay before our readers an hiflorical ?nd geo- 
 graphical account of the north-weft parts of North 
 America, beginning from the ifthmus of Darien : alfo 
 an account of the mod reuiarkablc illands fituated in 
 
 r 
 
 the high htitudcs, which, with the defcriptjons already 
 gnven, in the courfe of this work, of fcveral iflands in 
 the Indian feas, will form a complete, full, and perfolt 
 hiftory of all the places, old and new difcovcriei. 
 inentioned and touched at, by all our moft celebrated 
 circumnavimtors : for which account, we acknowledge 
 ourfclves chiefly Indebted to that m<eb admired and 
 appmed work, MiLLAR's NEW and UNIVERSAL 
 SYSTEM of GEOGRAPHY, nnv tublijbing in eighty 
 weekly mmkers, price only Sixpence Citch, emhell^d wi'tb 
 Cop^.pltiles t and may ie bad of the Pubhjher, Mr. Hoco, 
 in Palernofler.nw, or of any Bookfeller, Newfcarrier, or 
 Stationer, in Great-Britain, Ireland, (ifc. 
 
 Americus Vcfpucio, a Florentine by birth, being in 
 1497, fcnt to improve the difcoverics made in 1491, by 
 Columbus gave to the fourth quarter of the world the 
 name of America. This vaft continent, (at Icaft what has 
 hitherto been difcovcreii) reaches from latitude 78 dcg. 
 N.to56dcg. S. Thatis 13+degrces, which, uken in* 
 (Wait fine, amount to upwards ot 8040 miles in length. 
 Its breadth is very irregular, being in fome places 3690 
 miles, and in others, as at the diftance of Darien or 
 Panama, not above 60 or 70. The boundaries afcribed 
 to it, lire the land about the pole on the north ; Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, which feparates it from Europe and Afia on 
 the caft J another vaft ocean on the fouth, and the 
 Pacific Ocean, ufually called the South Sea, which 
 divides it from Afia on the wcfl. How or when Ame- 
 rica was firft iKJopled, cannot be afccrtained ; but it is 
 moft likely to have been from the north of Alia ; for 
 the natives of both thelc parts ftiil bear a great rcfem- 
 blance to one another in many refpcds. North Ame- 
 rica, which conftitutes a grand divifion of this vaft 
 continent, and of which we propofc now to treat, is 
 feparated from the fouthern part by the ifthmus of 
 Darien, and extends from that ifthmus to within a 
 few degrees of the north pole. In the period of more 
 than two centuries and a half, geographers were not 
 able to afccrtain the limits of the northern extremity ; 
 this was a tafli to be performed by Captain Cook in his 
 third and laft voyage. 
 
 Old Mexico, or New Spain, a rich and extenfive 
 country, was once a mighty empire, ruled by its own 
 monarchs, till the Spaniards, by whom it was at firft 
 difcovcred, in 1598, afterwards conquered it, under 
 the command of Fernando Cortez. It lies between 
 feven degrees thirty minutes, and thirty degrees forty 
 minutes north latitude, is 3000 miles long, 600 broad 
 where widcft, has the ifthmus of Darien on the fouth, 
 New Mexico on the north, the guSph of Mexico on 
 the caft, and the Pacific Ocean on the weft. It is di- 
 vided into the audiences of Guadalajara, Mexico, and 
 Guatimala, and is governed by a viceroy. Mexico, 
 confidering its fituation in the torrid zone, enjoys a 
 temperate air. Ko country under heaven abounds 
 more with grain, delicious fruits, roots, and vegetables. 
 On the weltern coaft, near the Pacific Ocean, are fome 
 high mountains, moft of which ra* faidtobe volcanoes. 
 Several riven rife in thefe mountains, and fall, fame 
 into the gulph of Mexico, and fome into the South 
 Sea, on both which there are feveral capes and bays. 
 In the rocky, barren pans of the country are the gold 
 and filver mines. There arc, it is faid, feveral of the 
 former, and no fewer than one thoufand of the latter. 
 Gold is alfo found in grains or duft, in the fands of 
 rivers or torrents. Whoever difcovers a mine of gold 
 or filver, is at liberty to work it, paying the king a 
 tenth of the produce, and limitine himfelf within fifty 
 yards round the place upon which he has fixed. All 
 the (liver and gold dug or found in grains, is entered 
 in the royal exchequer ; and it is reported, that nou 
 withftandmg great quantities are run and concealed, no 
 Iffs than two millions of filver marks, weighing eight 
 ounces each, are entered yearly, out of whicli they coin 
 feven hundred thoufand marks into pieces of eight, 
 (]uarter pieces, rials, and half-pieces, the latter be- 
 ing about three-pence fterling value. The trade of 
 SpanUh America has been carried on for ibmc years 
 paft by vefTels, called regiftcr flips t and the chi^f 
 commodities of this country arc gold, filver, exquiiitc 
 
 marble. 
 
COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. *tc. 517 
 
 not 
 
 marble, porphyry, jafpcr, precious ftoircs, pear s. 
 amber, ginRer, tobacco, hides, ullow, fait, dying woods, 
 drill's, balfams, honey, feathers, chocolate, cochineal, 
 lilk, fugar, cotton, wool, &c. The inhabitants an, 
 at preftnt, a mixed people, confiding of Indians, 
 Spaniards, and other Europeans; the Creoles, melli- 
 choes, or iffuc of the Spaniards by Americana, the 
 mcftichcs. or the ifluc of fuch ifluej the terccroons 
 dez Indies, or the children of the laft, married to 
 Spaniards; and the qiiartcroons dc7. Indies, whofc 
 dcfcendants are allowed the fame privileges as true 
 Spaniards. The negroes are likewife pretty numerous, 
 being imported from the coaft of Africa for variAis 
 purpofes, and many of them admitted to their freedom. 
 The iffuc of an European and a nej:;ro conftitutes 
 another diftindion, called mulatto ; befides all which 
 there is a mixed breed of negroes and Indians, which 
 is pcnerally deemed the loweli rank. 
 
 The principal places arc (i) Mexico, which (lands 
 in the middle of a great lake of its o*n name, about 
 one hundred and fcventy miles weft of the gulph of 
 Mctico. The number of inhabitants is computed at 
 three hundred thoufanil •. moft of them live beyond 
 their fortunes, and terminate a life of profufion in the 
 nioft wretched indigence. A prcxligious quantity of 
 jewtis, gold and filvcr plate, and toys, together with 
 Cic molt valuable commodities of Europe and Afia, 
 mre cxpofed to fale in the ftrcets. 
 
 California, a peninfula, is the moft northern of all 
 the Spanilh dominions on the continent of America. 
 It extends from the north coafts into the Pacific Ocean, 
 800 miles from Cape Sebaftian, in 43 deg. 30 min. 
 north latitude, towards the fouth-eaft as far as Cape St. 
 Lucar, in 21 degrees, 31 minutes, north latitude. The 
 eaftern coaft lies nearly parallel with that of Mexico 
 oppdiite to it, and the fca between is called the lake 
 er gulph of California. Irs breadth is very unequal ; 
 towards the north it is near 200 miles, but at the fouth 
 extremity it upers away, and is fcarcely 50 miles over. 
 The more fotithern part was know n to the Spaniaids 
 foon after the difcovery of Mexico; for Cortee dif- 
 covered it in 1 535, but they did not till lately penetrate 
 far into it, conteniing themfelves with the pearl ftdiery 
 there. Several kinds of fruit are produced here; 
 there are two fpccies of deer peculiar to this country ; 
 alfo a particular breed of Ihecp, buffaloes, beavers, or 
 animals much refembling them, a peculiar fnccies of 
 wild hogs, lions, wild cats, and many oiher wild 
 bcafts. The horfes, mules, oxen, and other quadru- 
 peds, that have been iir. - / J hither from Spain and 
 Mexico, multiply excet *ii-giy. Of the two fpecies of 
 deer peculiar tu Calilbrnia, that called uye by the 
 natives is greatly cllecniod, and its flefti as well tafted as 
 venifon. Tiic foall is plentifully ftocked with birds, 
 «nd there is a j;rcat vitncty of fifli in the gulph of Ca- 
 lifori.ia, the Pacilic Oix-.in, and the rivers. Though 
 inlccls fwarm here, us m moft hot countries, yet on 
 account of the drynefs ol the foil and climate, they are 
 neither noxious nor tronblcfome. There is one of the 
 richelV pearl filhcries in the world, on the coaft, and 
 there are fuppoled to be mines in the country. Here 
 are two coiiliderable rivers, namely, Rio Colloiado, 
 and Rio du C:irincl, with fcveral fmallcr llrcams, and 
 fine ports, creeks, and roads both on the eaft and weft 
 lide, which is the realbn of its having been fo much 
 frequented by Enghfli privateers. There are, in the 
 heart of the cotintry, plains of fait quite firm, and 
 clear as cryftal. A great variety of favage tribes inha. 
 bit California. Thofc who live on the eaft tide of the 
 peninfula arc great enemies to the Spaniards ; but in 
 other parts, they feem to be very hofpitablc to alt 
 ftrangcrs. The inland country, efpccially towards 
 the north, is populous, fhe Indians refeirble thofe 
 defcribed in other parts nf America. 
 
 Siberia, a part of Rullian Tartary. is bounded by the 
 Frozen Ocean on the north ; by China, and the Pucitic 
 Ocean, on the call -, by Tibet, Ufbeck Tartary, the 
 Cafpihn Sea, and Aftiacan Tartary, «n the fouth , 
 and by European Kuffia, on the weft ; and is fituate 
 tfCfween fixty and one hundred and thity dM;rces of 
 . . No. 63. 
 
 eaftern longitude, and between forty and fcventy-twa 
 degrees of north latitude, being upwards of twothou- 
 fand miles in length, and one thoufand five hundred in 
 breadth. 
 
 The Tobel and Irtis arc the chief cities of Siberia, 
 which running irom north to^foiith, join the (by, the 
 united ft ream falling into the Frozen O'-eani and di- 
 viding Afia from Europe : the l.«na and Jenill'a, which> 
 run from north to fouth, fall alfo into the Frozen 
 Ocean : the Yamour and Argun, which divide the ' 
 Ruffian from the Chincfe dominions, whofe united 
 ftreams fall into the bay of Corca. There are alfo a 
 great many lar^c lakes in this vaft tract of land, of 
 which the largcft are thofe of Baikal and Kifan. 
 
 The only part of Siberia, fit for human beings to 
 live >in, is the fouthern, whcr. the foil appears to be 
 capable of cultivation, and that it might be rendered 
 fertile ; but. for want of inhabitants, very little corn is 
 produced. But the northern part exhibits nothing but 
 impenetrable woods, fnow-topt mountains, fens, lakes, 
 marfhes, &c. and, being expofed to the bleak winds, 
 is quite barren and dcfolate. Not a bird appears to 
 give notice of any change of fcafon; even rooks and 
 magpies quit thcfe dcfarts, where nature becomes quite 
 torpid. The natives arc obliged to make paffages 
 through heaps offnow, and the delights of fummcr are 
 not experienced here but about three months, during 
 which (hort fpace of time the inhabitants low rye, oats, 
 peafc, and barley ; but thefc fcldom repay the hulband- 
 man's toil. The natives arc generally Ihut up in their 
 cottages for nine months in the year, fcarcely ever 
 venturing out: fir-trees of conliderable height bend 
 under the weight offnow ; a melancholy gloom fjircads 
 all around, and the ftilinefs is interrupted only by 
 the cries of fome wretched travellers in Hedges. To 
 thcfe dreary regions the czars of Mufcovy banilh their 
 courtiers and other great perfons. who incur their dif- 
 pleafure. Some are banilhed for a limited term of 
 years, and others for life, with the allowance only of one 
 penny per day, and fometimcs without any allowane 
 at all ; fo that, as they are fent deftitute from court, 
 thefe miferable exiles pafs a moft dreadful life. They 
 fiioot for their livelihood, and are obliged to fend an 
 annual tribute of firs to the czars, or they are moft 
 feverely punifhed by the tafkniafters. 
 
 Kamtfchatka. This peninfula is bounded on the 
 eaft by the ocean, which feparaces it from America ; 
 its weftern boundary is Penfchinfka. The fouthern 
 part is in 51 degrees north !ititude, and in 143 degreci; 
 eaft longitude from London. This peninfula is di- 
 vided into two parts by a chain of hills running from 
 north to fouth. Its chief rivers arc the Awatfcha, 
 Kamtfchatka, the Teghil, and what is called the Great 
 River. There are many extenfive lakes in it. 
 
 Their fpring and fummer do not continue more than 
 four months ; but the latter is far from being agreea- 
 ble ; for as the adjacent hills are covered with Ihow, 
 the air, even in the middle of fumnter, is fometimes 
 pretty cold, attended w ith frequent rains ; the winter 
 however is not very inclement. 
 
 In many places mines of iron aijd copper have been 
 difcovercd : the iron ore hath been found to be com- 
 pad, of a yellow colour, inclining to red ; and, in fome 
 parts, black metallic particles have been obferved, 
 more compadt than the reft of the ore. This ore, 
 when crude, could not be attracted by the load-rtonc, 
 but, when calcined, became fo in a fmall degree. A 
 folid iron ore has alfo been difcovered here, hmilar to 
 that found to the fouth-wcft of Echaterincnburg : its 
 furface "as found to be covered with a yellow oker, 
 of a re.^dilh brown in the breakings of its folid parts. 
 The on , when crude, was not adled upon by the load- 
 ftone, though, after calcination, (lightly attradcd by it. 
 The copper mines arc like foino of thofe produced 
 on the Ryphean mountains, having the malachites, in 
 the form of ftaladites and ftataguitcs, in their cavities, 
 very beautiful, and capable of being poliftied. 
 
 There is great choice of timber for a variety of ufcs 
 
 nin Kamtfchatka, as well as abundance of (hrubs of 
 divers kinds, they have alfo feveral excellent medi- 
 6 P cinal 
 
 I 
 
 'I' 1 
 
 .c J 
 
5'8 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 h: 
 
 fti 
 
 W' 
 
 m 
 
 1&! 
 
 i' 
 
 cinal plants. Bariey, oati, pcai, tumipi, &c. grow like- 
 wife nere. The graft fpringt up fo Taft, that they have 
 throe harvefti i and the blades are frequently five feet 
 in height. 
 
 This country abounds with tame and wild fowls. 
 The wild animals arc, black and white bears, wolves, 
 lynxes, boars, elks, and a kind of Hag very much like 
 the fallow-deer. The bear never attacks a man.imlefs 
 they find him adeep, when they tear the fialp off the 
 back part of the head, and fometimcs intircly dclhoy 
 him. Foxes arc alfo very numerous, fome are white, 
 fomc redifh-yellow ; fome grey, with a black Areak on 
 the back, and are much valued t the white ones, 
 Iwwever, are alfo valued, as being fcarcer. There arc 
 alfo black-chcfnuts and blue breaded foxes i and they 
 ■re in general too crafty for theit purfucrs, their faga- 
 city exceeding that of the other fpecies. The opulence 
 of the country confiOs in its fables and ermines ; the 
 fables which are fold at a high price, excel thofe found 
 in any other part of the globe : the natives eat the Heih, 
 and elleem it a very fine food. 
 
 Here is alfo found the gulo, or glutton ; likewifc 
 other kinds of beaver, as the atis, rein-deer, and fayga. 
 The natives colled themfelves in companies to hunt 
 thefe animals t they go at the clofc of the winter from 
 the month of March to the end of April, taking pro- 
 vifions with them. The glutton, which hath a very fine 
 fur, is a terrible enemy to the deer : it will dart itfcit 
 from a tree upon a deer's hack, and, fixing between the 
 creature's horns, tears out his eyes : the afflicted animal, 
 with excefs of agony, falls to the ground, when the 
 glutton ftrips his Hem from his bones. 
 
 Dogs arc very numerous in this country : thdc re- 
 fembic the European, and live much upon mice and fidi ; 
 they fcnitch up the ground for the fnriiic-r, and fcize 
 the others from their fircams. Thefe dogs are ex- 
 tremely ferviceabic to the natives, in drawing their 
 fledges over the fnow : in the mofi dreadful weather, 
 they fcan-eever loff rheir way. 
 
 Several forts ot'nmuhibious animals arc alfo in Kamtf- 
 chatka. One is the fca-cow, about thirty feet in length, 
 and weighing fix ur feven thoufand |x)unds, the (kin of 
 which is fo hard, that fcarce an hatchet or axe will pe- 
 netrate it. The flefti of a \ o«mg fea-cow, when properly 
 boiled, has a good tafte ; the lean part is fomcwhat like 
 veal, and the fat part like pork. The method of 
 catching this animal is, by an iron hook firuck into it 
 by fome men in a fmall vcfil-l, then by a rope held by 
 people on wiore, the fea-cow is drawn gradually to the 
 land, while thofe in the veflel cut the creature with 
 infirumcnts in feveral parts of the botly, till it expires. 
 It is not very diflicult to ukc the fca cow from its 
 elements, for it fcldom raifes its head above the furface 
 olthe water, though its iides and back are often feen. 
 
 Sca-horfcs and fca-c. ii are alfo met with here ; the 
 latter have long hairs (landing out on each fide of their 
 jnosiths like thofe of a cat, and they weigh from five to 
 eight thoufand pounds: their eyes are as large as a 
 bull's, and they will Hy at people in boats j even if 
 they are blinded by Aones thrown at them, they will 
 not retire, but gnaw the very (lores that are thrown ; 
 however, when once deprived of fight, there is no great 
 danger lo be apprehended from them. The male and 
 female ditter both in form ind difpolition ; fo much in 
 fonn, that they might be taken for difierent animals; 
 and as to difpofition, the female is inJd, inoffcnfive, 
 and timid : as a proof of this, when an attempt is 
 made to feirc a young fea-cat, and the male, by vi- 
 goroufly defending it, afibrds the female an opportu- 
 nity of taking it otf in its mouth ; if, in this caie, the 
 female (houla happen to drop it, the male abandons its 
 adverfary, and, nying diredly at the female, fcizes her 
 with all imaginable fury ; when the latter, bv licking 
 his paws, and fiiewing every kind of fubmiifion. en- 
 deavoi rs to mitigate his raj^. The feas alfo abound 
 with frais, which are caught by dift'ercnt methods s 
 fonKtimcs they are taken in the water, and at other 
 rimes they arc killed while fleeping on the rocks. 
 I lere arc whales from feven to fifteen fathoms long. 
 Aiiwngtl a variety o( filh, here is the fierlct, which is 
 
 1 
 
 fo much like the flurgcon, that there is fcarce a ny dif- 
 ference, except that it is finaller and more dclicatei it ia 
 fo fat that it may be fried without oil. 
 
 Some of the birds of Kamtfchatka are, e.igles, hawks, 
 pelicans, fwaus, geefe. wigcons, ducks, cuckows, mag. 
 pics, fnipcs, pnrtridges, &c. A bird called the «3- 
 neck diver is very curious; it ha.«a beautiful fpot on the 
 tower part of its neck t iKneath this (not, there are fea- 
 thers of a brown colour in the middle, and edged aU 
 round with white; the brealt, belly, and legs, are of A 
 very beautifiil white. 
 
 Sea-fowl are very numerous on the coaft of the eaflrrrt 
 ocean, at peacocks, fca-pies, gri-cn (hanks, puffins, &c. 
 Here too are the cormorant, fea-raven, and urile. 
 
 Clouds of dragon-Hies, iocults, and gnats, are fome- 
 timcs feen in this country. The l.itter arc fo trouble, 
 fome, that the inhabitants are obliged to vail their faces, 
 to avoid them. 'Ihe dragon-Hies, forming columns, Hy 
 with incredible fwiftncfi. 
 
 The natives of Kamtfchatka inhabit the foiithernpart 
 of the peninfuh; the northern part is inhabited by the 
 Koreki,and the fouthembyihc Kiirilcss but the Ruf- 
 fians call the whole country' Kamtfchatka, though it hat 
 feveral names given it from paitittilar cirruniH.inces. 
 The iCamtfchadales are fliort in llaturc, and rcfcmble 
 moH of the other inhabitants of Siberia, except tliat 
 their faces are fomcwhat (horter, their mouths large:, 
 and their cheeks fuller; they have dark hair, hollow 
 eyes, Iharp nofes, and tawny complexions j the latter is 
 faid to be principally owing to the influence of the fun 
 reilcdU-d from the fnow in the fpring-feafim, when the 
 fnow lies thick on the ground. .Some of the natives, 
 who arc obliged to be in the woods, cover their face* 
 with a kind of netting, to prevent the cHcits of the fun- 
 iKams darling on the fnow ; for the eye-fight fuHcrs by 
 this refraction, as well as the complexion. Theli peo- 
 pie drcfs in deer-fkins, with the fur outwards; they ufe 
 alfo, for this purpofe, the fkins of dogs and other ani- 
 mals. They often wear two coats, the flceves of the 
 outer coat reaching down to the knccs; they have a 
 h«)0(l to it, which in bad weather fervcs to cover the 
 head; and they adorn the back part with Hireads of 
 (kins,andfonietimesof filks of ditt'crent colours. The 
 women we.ir the fame fort of garments as the men, 
 though their coat, or rather wnilUoat, fif; clofcr to their 
 bodies, and is decorated with Hips of red, blue, and yel- 
 low cloth, and fometimcs ribband, or woollen liH. To 
 rhi« waiHcoat is joined a fort of petricont coining about 
 half v,ay down the leg. The men wear a leather Wt 
 round them, and ihcir legs arc covered with diHertnt 
 coloured fkins ; they wear f"eal-(km caps or hats, and 
 fometimcs a cap or hat of birch tiark ; fome have capp 
 Vfbrals plaited. 1 he women let ilicir ha'rgrow much 
 longer than the meiij they piait it, and h.i .g brafs trin- 
 kets to it : they have fur caps, that arc black without, 
 and white within. The men plait their hair, as well as 
 the women. They never wafli themfelves, but live 
 ill a moH beaHl^ manner: they neither cut their nails, 
 » or comb their hair. 1 hry eat raw Hefh, carrion,Hale- 
 f !h, or any thing iluy can get, how filthy focver it be. 
 Vh.'y live in huts under-ground, covered withgrafsor 
 earth, and fometimcs with the (kins of the animals thejr 
 have killed in the fiel^, iindrelTcd, and yielding a noi- 
 fome (\cnch. They place benches in their hovels, w ith 
 a fire-place in one corner, and on thefe benches ther 
 repnic themfelves. .Some of the huts are covered and 
 lined with mats. Thefe are their winter dwellings; nor 
 are their fummcr retreats much more elegant, except 
 that they arc built on the furface of the earth, and with 
 rather more regularity. Thef?, it is trae, are built higli 
 on pillows, witn beams thrown acrofs them, on which a 
 Hoor is fixed, with a roof rifing from each fide to a cen> 
 trical point; and, indeed it is ncccfTary that their fum- 
 mcr habitations fliould be thus high, elfc the inhabitanu 
 would be in continual danger from the wikl beaHs. 
 They eat out of bowls, or troughs, with their dogs, and 
 never wafti them afterwards. 
 
 We (hall now take notice of their ;narriages. Whe« 
 a man hath met with a young woman that he likes, hm 
 engages^iothcfarviceof hiNrpartnts, and, alter tli« 
 
 cxptiaiion 
 
 ^ i.m a^BAMuim 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'AClllC OCEAN, 6tc. 
 
 i'9 
 
 expiration of a limited time of fcrvitude, obtains cither 
 pcrniifTionto marry her, or is dirmiflcd with a requital 
 for his fervicc. If he has leave to marry, the nuptiaU 
 commcncca immediately, and the whoiccfrcmonycon- 
 filU in ftrippinK the bride naked, whofe cloathj, how- 
 ever, are fo faft bound by ftraps and girdles, thnt he 
 iindsit noeafy tafk toaccomplifh his piirpofc; at this 
 crifis fcveral women (belter and protect her from him ; 
 who, however, fccking an opportunity to Knd her Icfs 
 guarded, makes fre(h efforts to undrcfsher: but if fhc 
 criei out, and her exclamations bring afliftancc, the 
 women who come fall upon the man, frraichmg his fa<. e, 
 tearing his hair, and otticrwife roughly treating himj 
 till the bride, (hewing fome concern Icir his fituation, 
 and the women becoming Icfs violent in their alTauIr, 
 the man at Imgth fuccceds, and then retires from her, 
 who however calls him back, and acknottlcdgcs in a 
 foft plaintive tone, that he has conquered her. Thus the 
 ceremony ends,aiid the nrxtday the happy couple re- 
 pair to the hut o'' the hu(band. In about a week after- 
 wards they make a vifu to the wife's parents, where they 
 celebrate the marriage feaft with the relations of both 
 panics. Some of tnc men marry three wives, who in 
 general live friendly together, and are never jealous. It 
 H deemed a very capital oll'cnce in a woman to procure 
 abortion, yet if twin* are born, one of them muft be 
 deltroycd. The women put their infants in a balktt 
 faOened to an elallic pole, which is eafily moved wish 
 the foot, to rock them. As foon as they can (land on 
 their legs, their mothers leave them to thcmfilvcs, 
 futfering them to roll on the ground any where; they 
 are molt commonly half naked, and begin to walk at 
 a time when a child in Europe would not be able to 
 ftand. 
 
 Thcfc people never bury ilK-irdead, but often give 
 them to the aogs t and fay, that as the derrafrd are thus 
 devoured by dogs, they will cnfurc to thi-mfflves a pka- 
 fant carriage in (ledges drawn by line dogs in the other 
 world. This abominable ciillom, howcviT, is not uni- 
 verfally pradtifedi fome leaving their dead in their hur, 
 «nd feck a new habitation. The apparel of the df- 
 ceafed pcrfon is always thrown away, from a fufierfti- 
 lious notion, that whoever Ihould wear it would iiu-et 
 with fome dreadful calamity. 
 
 They travel on lUdgei drawn by dogs; their number 
 is generally four, whicn an driven by a whip. The jxt- 
 ft)n in the fledge is fcatcd on the rij»ht fide of it, with 
 his feet hanging o\er, and \t obliged to balance himfelf 
 with great care, lell the (ledge OiouUI overfet. \\'here 
 the roiidsare in tolerable condition, they ran travel to a 
 great diftance in a (liort time, carrying with them pro 
 vifions, &c. They fometinies travel, in this manner, 
 about thirty werlls, that is, upwards of twenty-three 
 miles in a day. They hunt the hear, among other ani- 
 malsi on which occaiion they ufe rackets to walk upon 
 the fnow with, arming themlclves with pikc», and tak- 
 ing dogs with them to provoke the anim.il. Ihey then 
 wait till he comes out of hisenclofure, for they would 
 attack him to great difadvantagc while he remained 
 there ) becaufe the fnow being very lirm in that place, 
 the bear would be able to avail niml^'Kof all his (Ircngth ; 
 but the infant he comes out, he i nks into the fnow, 
 and while he is driving todifcngage himfelf, the hunters 
 with their pikes ealily deflroy him. They drffs their 
 feal-(kins in the following manner: they firll wet and 
 fpread out the (kin, and with Hones fixed in wood fcrape 
 oft' all (he fat) then they rub it with caviar, roll it to- 
 gether, and tread on it; they afterwards f» rape it again, 
 and repeat the f:rft part of ihcir procefs till the (kin is 
 thoroughly cleaned and foft. They prepare in the fame 
 manner fkins of leaver, deer, dogs, iv:c. When the 
 men are not employed in hunting, or (ifliing, ehey weave 
 nets, and conltrudt (ledges and boats; and in the fpring 
 and fuiT>mcr ihey procure the nece(Taries of life-, anti 
 lay up a (lore for the fuccccdinp winter. Ihe women 
 inakelhoes, fewcloaths, dyclkins, &c. they alfo make 
 glue of the dried (kins of filhes, and |)«rticularly ofihc 
 whale. They ufc a board of dry wood to light their 
 fires ; in thi^ board are feveral round holes, into one 
 of which putting the end of a Aiull round ilick, tlicy 
 
 roll it backwards and forwards till the wood takes fire 
 by thefridtion. 
 
 The people of this country are arrant cowards, and yet 
 fenn to dcfpife life, through an innate kind offlupiditv. 
 Ihey never attack their enemies openly, unlefs com« 
 pelledtoit) but (leal privately to their huts, and treat 
 them moft barbaroiillyj cutting them to pieces, and 
 even tearing out their entrails: thefe cruelties are exer- 
 cifcd with triumph and (liouts of joy. Whenever thtf 
 hear of a foe advancing towanis them, they retire to 
 foinc mountain, and fortify it as (Irongly as polTible: if 
 there be a probability of the enemy getting the better 
 of them, they immediately cut fhc throats of their 
 wives and children, and then meet their a(railants with 
 a frantic rage, felling their lives as dear as poffiblr^ 
 Their wea|M)ns arc bows and arrows, and fpears. 
 
 The religious notions of the Kamtfchad.ile» are pretty 
 fingular. They ered a fort of pillar on fome plain, an^ 
 cover it with a parcel of rags. Whenever they pafs by 
 this pillar, they throw at it fome lifh or He(h, and avoid 
 killing any bird or beafl near it. They think that 
 woods and burning mountains arc inhabited by evil 
 fpirits, whom thev live in great te.irof, and make them 
 oU'erings ; fcime of tlicui have idols in their huts. They 
 have a very iitipcrlect idea ofa fiiprcme Being,andthinK 
 he can neither ilifpenfe happinels nor mifery : the name 
 which they have lor the Deity, is Kutrhu. Thry re- 
 verent e fome particular animals, from which they ap- 
 prehend lianger, and limictinics oiler (ires at the holes 
 of foxes ; tluy implore wolves not to hint them, and 
 bcfceih amphibious animals not to overfet their boats. 
 Many of them, however, adopt the Ruffian manners, 
 and contemn the culloinsoi their country; they have 
 lieen indruJhd by Rullian milTionurics in the Chrif- 
 tian religion; and fchools have been creeled for their 
 children. They (hidly obfcrve the law of retaliation : 
 if one nun kills another, the relations of the perfoit 
 killed deftroy the murderer. They puniOi theft, by 
 burning the fingers of the thief, Iktbre the KufTian'i 
 conqiiercdthein, they had fuch fretjiient intclline broils, 
 that a year rarely [MlTcd without fome village being in- 
 tirelv ruined. 
 
 (ireat havoek is made in this country by the fmalU 
 pox. The fcurvy, with the .rregtilarities of parents, 
 bring a variety of difeafes upon their olfspring, to cure 
 whii h, they apply roots, herbs, &c. The manner in 
 whit h theic jKople live inthcT huts, and their exccfs of 
 debaiif ii-ry.t ontribute to makcthe venereal H ^l-afc very 
 frequent ainr.ng rhem. I h.'y have a diforoer called the 
 fiifluitoh, whit h i.< a (oit of (cab, to which they apply the 
 raw (kinofa harcto < aiifc a fuppuration. They arc like- 
 wife fuhje^t to the puify, jatmdice, boils, cancers, and 
 other difiiriier.s. 
 
 There arc three volcanoe.^ in Kamtfchatka, the flrfl 
 is that of Awattha, to the northward of the bay of thar 
 name; it is a chain of mtvintains, the bafeof which is 
 covered a ith trees, and extends to the bay. The mid- 
 dle ftmns a kind of amphitheatre, and the various 
 fiimmits which are fpiral cannot be Vicwed without cx- 
 I Iting the iiioll awful ideas. They always emit fmokr, 
 but r.irely fire. Thtrc was ini'ectl a terrible eruption 
 of fmokc and rmtlcrs in the fiimmcr of the year 1737, 
 but it only lominucd one day; many of the cinders 
 weighed almii(> two pounds avnirdupoife. 1 ;.'« erup- 
 tion was the forerunner of a terrible earthqual..-, which 
 happened on the (ixth o( the cnfiiing CX;tober,'and in 
 a quarter of an hoiir overturned all the tents and huts 
 ivf the K.mitft hadalc.i, bc^iic at rompanied by a fiiigii« 
 l.ir ebbing and (lowing of inc fca. which at (irfl roieto 
 the height of twci; ; f>'et. then funk, and retired ro ait 
 unufual diflance; it foon after rofe higher than at firft, 
 ami fuddt Illy finking again, retired fo aAonifhingly far 
 from the common low-w atcr mark that it was for a con- 
 li.lf rable time loll to the rye. At length the earthquake 
 wa* rrpcated, the (ca letiimetl once more, and rofe to 
 the height 111 two hundred feet, overwhelmed the whole 
 I oaO, and tlien finally retired.affr having deHrovcd the 
 gotnls, cattle, and many of thr lives of the inhabitants, 
 ami left (cveral lakes of fttit-watcr in the lower grouivft 
 and adjaicni firldi. 1 he Jircond volcano iducs frMn 
 
 i 
 
 ' v 'I 
 
r 
 
 1:1 
 
 S20 
 
 ^^MAa 
 
 Capt* COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 fomc mountaina ficuatcd between the river of KamtC- 
 chatka and that of Tobolfki. Nothing waa ever known 
 to exhale from this but fmoke, till the year 1 7.{9, when 
 it vomited a torrent of Hamet, which deftroycd all the 
 neighbouring forefti. Hie third volcano ifluei from 
 the highell mountains in Kamtfchatka, on the banks 
 of the river of that name. It is environed by a cluder 
 of Icflcr mouniains, and the head is rent into long cre- 
 vices on every tide. Its greateil eruption began Sep- 
 tember 3(, i7J7t and continued a week, which, with an 
 earthquake that followed, did very confiderablcdama^e. 
 In the fouthem extremity of Kamtfchatka there arc hot 
 fprings: they form rivulets, and run almoil the length 
 of the river Ozernaya which iflues from the lake Ku- 
 rilflcy, and then join that Dream ; the waters, however, 
 have no very conJiderabIc degree of heat in them. 
 
 There is a mountain near the river Pandia, from 
 whofe fummit a prodigious cataratfl of boiling waters 
 run to a confideranledmancc i and continue boiling up 
 to the height of a foot, till they lofc thcmfclves in fc- 
 vcral lakes, which contain a great number of iflands. 
 From rhis mountain the inhabitants obtain fomc beau- 
 tiful Hones, on which they fcta great value, on account 
 of their admirable variegated colours, which are merely 
 the effei}-- of the different powers of heat, humidity, 
 and fritfiion ; for thefe (tones are wallicd from the moun- 
 tains, and arc polilhcd by the abovemcniioned hut and 
 impetuous w;.tcrs. 
 
 During the winter, a great quantity of fiili harboursin 
 the river of Kamtfchhtka. In ihe Q'ring when the ice 
 breaks, they attempt to get to the lea; but the natives 
 watch the heads ol the rivers, and take a great number 
 of them in a kind of nctsi fome they dry in the fum- 
 mcr, and lay by for their winter footi i and from others 
 they extract the fat, or oil, by means of red hot flones, 
 which they carefully rcferve tor a great variety of ufes. 
 
 New Albion. This va(l trad of land, and all the 
 N, W, parts df America, nrv put down by all our geo- 
 graphers, in their maps an^ charts, as Terra incognita, 
 or parts intircly unknown. Sir Francis Drake, indeed, 
 difcovcred a port in nearly 40 drg. N. latitude, which 
 he entered, and where he remained Hve weeks. In 1601 
 Martin Aguilar entered a ftrait in latitude 45 deg. N. 
 and another was difcovcred by Juan de Fuca in 1 591. 
 All the other parts of the coalt, except Cape Klias in la- 
 titude 60 deg. and fomc land difcovered by the Spa- 
 niards, have remained objects of invclligation, to be ex- 
 plored and accurately marked by our gallant Com- 
 mander, Captain Cook, whofcdircovcrics m thefe parts, 
 as high as Cape Prince of Wak«, near the Ardic 
 Circlci together with an account of his death at an 
 iflaud, called O-why-hce, near Kanurchatk.i, will be 
 the fubjeCts of fomc of the following chapters, in the 
 continuation of this hiflory of his third and lad voyage, 
 to which we fliall now proceed. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 ^hf Re/olulitin ami Di/cmiery, aflrr ihtir df pari iirf from the Sofirly ljles,p-ofr(ule iha'r voyage — Clnijlmns Ijlwd difcovered, 
 ubere ibey are fiippliid fltnlifully iviib fijh and turtle — // Sohir Eilipfe oMtrird—Tzvo mnniurs lo/e their way on Jlort 
 -—Ajhi^ular mellMd of refrejlung himjelf practiced ly one of ihtfiira^eUn — An iiiftription left in a holtle—il deftrtp* 
 tim of (IbriJJmas Ijlaiid'— Three ijlands deferibed — Oiheisdifo-vered — Their mimes — The u'bole group denominated Sand- 
 Kicb Ijhitds — // complete aecounl of thetrfoi',produllious,iiihnl'ilanis,i3(.'— Qijhms of the naln.'es ap'te xvith tbofe of 
 TongiitatoQ and Otdheile — Extent of ibis nation throughout the Pacific Ocean — And remarks on the ufefulfitueUion of SAnA- 
 wich Ijlands — The Rcfoluliw and Difctvtry proceed to the northward — Saiitical olfervalions made at Sandwich Ijlandt 
 •—Progrefs of the voyage— Arrival 0/ the two /hips on the ' of Ameuca — Defcription of the country — Difficulties of 
 (Mpe Foulweathcr — Stormy, and unfavoiiraile winds — Si lVj on Martin d'Agiiilar's Kiver, and fallacy of Juan 
 de Fuca's pre tended flrait — The Refolution and Dijcniery and . ■ an inlet in Hope Hay, where they are vifited by numbert 
 of the natives — An account of their behaviour — The twojhip' a. r the found, ami moor in a commodious harbour-— yariout 
 incidents and Iranfu'/ions, during our intercourfe with the n.iinrs — Tl.ieir bthaviour at thcir villages, while we made d 
 progrefi round the found— A remarkable vijit from /hangers — A fecond vi/it to one of the villages — Vrafs purehtifed — £V- 
 parturc of the Jhips after an exchange of prefenls — DircUions for failing into tlvfound-^ Its "nine — A copious and enter- 
 tdimng defcription, with fevercl curious obfervations, on the adjacent country, and its inhabitants— Remarks on, and finri- 
 meii 'f the language in Nootka Sound — Ajironomicaland iiautual remarks — Ajlorni after Idiving the found, in which lite 
 Refolution fprings a leak — Tbeftraitof Admiral de I'»nt< paffed utuxamined. 
 
 
 ON Monday the 8th of December, having quitted 
 Bolalwla, and the Society Illes, we !5cercd to the 
 northwanl, with the wind oetween N. H. and V.. fcarce 
 ever having it in the S. E. point, till alter we had crolfcd 
 thccqiuiorj nor did we meet with any thing liy which 
 the \u inity ol land was indicated, till we began, about 
 the latitude of 8 deg. S. to fee boobies, incn-of war 
 wars, terns, tropic birds, and a few other lorts. C)iir lon- 
 giiiulc, at this time, we found to be 205 deg. call. In 
 the niglit, between the land, and a ;{d, we pafFiJ the 
 line J und.on Wtilncfday the 14th, foon after day-break, 
 we delcned land, bearing N. E. by E. We perceived 
 ujwn a nearer approach, it was one of thofe low illands, 
 fo Ircqueiuiy met with in this ocean between the tro- 
 
 Cici; that i», a narrow bank of land, incloling a fva or 
 ike w ithin. In two or three places we faw foiue cocoa- 
 nut trees; but the land in general has a very iK-rile 
 alpcd. U extended, at noon, from N. E. by i\. to S. 
 by E. half E. and dillant about tour iiiilcj. On the 
 weftern tide we found the depth of wator to be from 
 forty to tburteen fathoms, over a fandy bottom. 1 he 
 Captain, being of opinion that turtle n<ight be 
 piu.ured at thitrfland, refolved to examine it; accord- 
 ingly, we dropped our anchors in thirty fathoms water; 
 and a boAt was immediately difpatched to fcarch for a 
 •«miindious hiding place. When ihe returned, the 
 i 
 
 officer who had been employed in this fcarch, reported, 
 that he Ibund no place where a boat could land ; but 
 that lilh greatly abounded in the (hoal water, without 
 the breakers. On the 25th, being Chrillinas-day, two 
 boats were lent, one from each Ihip, to examine more 
 accurately whether it was practicable to land; and, at 
 the fame time, two others were ordered out, to lith at a 
 grappling near the Ihore. 'Ihelc lall returned about 
 eight o'clo<:k, A. M. u ith as many fith as weighed 
 upwards of two hundred weight. Encouraged by this 
 fuccefs, ttiey were difpatched again after breakfift, and 
 the Captain hiinfelf went in another boat to view the 
 coalt, and attempt landing, which, however, he found to 
 be impracticable. The two boats that had been fent 
 on the fame fearch, returned about noon; and the maf- 
 ter belonging to the Refolution, reported to Captain 
 Cook, that about four or live miles to the northward, 
 he had dilcovc.-cd a break in the land, and a channel 
 into a lago9n^onrequently there was a proper place tor 
 landing; and-chat h,. Iiad found otf this entrance the 
 fame l<)undings as we had where we now were Rationed. 
 On the (Irer.gth of this refwrt, we weighed, and, after 
 two or three trips, anchored again over a bottom of 
 tine dark I'ana, txiturc a little itland lying at the mouth 
 of the l.igoTf on each tide of which is a cnaniicl lead, 
 ing into it, bi. 'it only for boitti j the wattr in the la- 
 goon 
 
 
 — , r- '.Jl-iJiLJ r L 'Py*^ 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC UCi 
 
 ur geo< 
 cognita, 
 indeed, 
 which 
 In 1603 
 dfg. N. 
 
 as inla> 
 
 he Spa- 
 
 o bccx« 
 
 Com* 
 
 rfe parts, 
 
 Arctic 
 
 tth at an 
 
 will be 
 
 in the 
 
 voyage. 
 
 goon 
 
 noon itfclf » iikewife very (hallow. In the morning 
 of the 26th, Captain Gierke was ordered to fend out a 
 boat, with an efficcr, to the fouth-calt part of the 
 lajroon, in queft of turtle; and Captain Cook went 
 himfelf, with Mr. King, each in a boat, to the north- 
 caft part. It was his intention to have gone to the 
 eaftern extremity; but the wind not permitting it, 
 he and Mr. King landed more to leewurd, on a (andy 
 flat, where they caught one turtle. They waiitd 
 through the water to an ifland, where they found 
 only a few birds. Captain Cook, leaving Mr. King 
 hereto obferve the fun's meridian altitude, proceeded to 
 the land that bounds the fca toward the north-weft, 
 which he found even more barren than the laft men- 
 tioned iflc , but walking over to the fca-coaft, he 
 obfcrved three turtles dole to the Ihore, one of which 
 he caught. He then returned on board, as did Mr. 
 King foon afterwards. Though fo few turtles were ob- 
 ferved by thcfc two gentlemen, we did not defpair of a 
 fupply t for fome of the officers of the Difcovcrv, who 
 had been afhore to the fouthward of the channel 
 leading into the lagoon, had more fuccefs, and caught 
 many. The next morning, being Saturday, the 26th, 
 the cutter and pinnace were difpatchcd under the 
 command of Mr. King, to the fouth-eaft part of the 
 illand, within the lagoon, to catch turtle ; and at the 
 fame time the fmall cutter was fcnt towards the north 
 for the fame purpofe. Some of Captain Gierke's people 
 having been on fliore all night, had been fo fortunate 
 as to turn upwards of forty turtles on the fand, which 
 were this day brought on board ; and, in the coutfc of 
 the afternoon, the party detached to the northward 
 returned with half a dozen, and lieing fent back 
 again, continued there till we quitted the ifland, hav- 
 ing, upon the whole, pretty good fuccefs. Sunday, 
 the 2Bth, Captain Cook, .iccompanicd by Mr. Bailey, 
 landed on the illand fituate between the two channels 
 into the lagoon, to prepare the telcfcopcs for obfcrving 
 the folar cclipfe that was expedted to be vifible on the 
 30th. Towards noon, Mr. King returned with one 
 boat, and eight turtles i fevcn were left behind to be 
 brought by tne other boat, whofe people were em- 
 ployed in catching more ; and in the evening the 
 fame boat conveyed them provifions and water. The 
 next day the two boats, laden with turtle, weit fent back 
 to the diip by Williamfon, who, at the fame time in a 
 mcfl'age to Captain Cook, rcquefted, that the boats 
 might be ordcrctl round by fea, as he had difcovercd a 
 landing place on the fouth-cafl: liilc of the ifland, 
 where the greatcll numbers of turtle werecaujrht; fo 
 that, by difpatcbing boats thither, the trouble of < ir- 
 rying them over the land, as we h.id hitherto done, to 
 the infide of the lagoon, would be Caved. 
 
 Tuefday the .joth, two gentlemen belonging to the 
 Difcovery returned, who, accompanied by Simeon 
 Woodrotf, the gunner's mate, and ten fcamen, had 
 dirctfled their cgurfe, on the 26th, to the north eaft 
 quarter, in the cutter, having each man a pint of 
 brandy, and a good quantity of water on board. About 
 noon, they arrived at the neck of land, over which they 
 were to travel on foor, to come at the place where the 
 turtle were known to harbour ; and where it was dan- 
 gerous to attempt to ajiproach them by fca, on ac- 
 count of the liirf. Here tliey fccured fately the:: 
 cutter, and ercdcd near the fliorc a kind of hut, to 
 which they earned their provifions, and fat down to 
 refrcfli. This done, ihcy agreed to divide, aiul jnirliie 
 their fpori in diii-.icnt parties. Accoriliiigly they 
 fet out, and before the next morning they had lent in 
 feveral turtles. This they d;d b" placing lOcm acrofs 
 a couple of oars in the mannn ot a bier, and in keep- 
 ing a man employed in conveying them from the 
 place where they were turned, to the cutter. When 
 they grew tired of their diverlion, they repaired to the 
 place of rendezvous; but it was I'omc furpri^c to the 
 ref\, when, at nine in the morniiij. the two gentlemen 
 and the gunner's mate were ii ;." ig. It was con 
 eluded, tnat they had gone too i.ii within land, and 
 that they had eidier Ion their vav, or •■ .mr ■■-.cidenl 
 had befallen them, perhaps ftijui natives lurking fc- 
 N0.64. 
 
 cretly in the woods, thiough hone had openly appeared. 
 Under thetc apprchenfions, two of their mariners, 
 Bartholomew Lorcman and Ihomas Trecher, were 
 fent out in fearch of them, each carrying a gallon of 
 water, with brandy, and other refrelnmentJ, in cafa 
 they (hould meet with the gentlemen in their way. In 
 a w'ld uncultivated country, over-run with bufhcs anS 
 clofe cover, the reader, who has never been bewildered, 
 can have no idea of .nen's being loft in the fliort fpace 
 of a few miles ; but fo, however, it happened to our 
 gentlemen; who, invited by the mixed melody of the 
 birds in the woods, left their people as foon as thejr 
 had properly ftationcd them, and entered an adjoining 
 thicket, with their guns. The (port they met with 
 led them on till night began to clofe upon them ; when 
 they found thcmfelves at a great diftancc from the turt- 
 lers, and in the midft of a tracklefs cover, with nothing 
 but tall trees to dired their return ; but what wasmoic 
 alarming, the fun was no fooner fet than a thick frg fuc« 
 ceeded, which involved the woods in darknef'., though 
 the open beach remained clear. In vain thcv attempted 
 to regain the fliore ; for, inftcad of bcin^j able to difccrtl 
 the trees they had marked to fecure their return, 
 they could hardly fee one another at three yards dif* 
 tance. In this fituation, they foon began to lofe all 
 knowledge of their way ; and left, inftcad of proceed- 
 ing in the right courfe, they (hould purfue a contrary 
 diredUon, they agreed to (it dow n to reft, and for that 
 purpofe chofe the firft convenient fpot that chance threw 
 in their way. Though their minds were troubled, 
 they had fcarce fet tnemfelves down, when fleep got 
 the better of anxiety, and they lay compofed, til! at- 
 tacked by fwarms of black ants (creatures more poi- 
 fonous than bugs) with which they were in a manner 
 covered when tliey awoke, and fo disfigured and tor- 
 mented with their bites and blifters, that it is hardly 
 pofliliic to defcrihc 'heir diftrefs. Thus circum- 
 flanted, their firfl care was to clear thcmfelves from 
 thcfe vermin by ftripping thcmfelves naked, and 
 fweeping them off with brullies made of the wing^ of 
 the birds they had killed ; this done, they clothed 
 thcmfelves again, in order to renew theii attempts to 
 recover the Ihore ; but all in vain. The farther they 
 walked, as it appeared afterwards, the farther they went 
 aftray. At length, fufjjedling their error, they re- 
 folved to remain (hitionary, and etch man, placing 
 himfelf againft an adjoining tree, endeavoured to con- 
 fole himfelf as well as he could till morning, when the 
 appearance of the fun enabled them to judge of the 
 courfe they were to puifue; but, in a tracklefs wilder- 
 nefs, how were they to make their w.iy ! The Hoods in 
 many places were overgrown with thick grafs and 
 brambles rciching to their middles, and in others (b 
 thick inierfeded with boughs and matted with leaves, 
 that it was hardly pofTible for them to keep company, 
 or to penetrate with their utmoft efforts (when thefe 
 obftriiiltions happened) one hundred yards in as many 
 minutes. They were now gUd to abandon their game, 
 happy if they could regain the open country with the 
 lofs of every thing abput them. The fhirts and trow- 
 fcrs they had on were foon in rags, their fhocs could 
 hardly be kept on their feet, and their linen caps and 
 handkerchiefs were rendered unferviceable, by the 
 frequent repetition of the ufes to which they had been 
 api)licd. In fliort, no degree of diftrefs either of body 
 or mind, could exceed that to which thefe unfortunate 
 gentlemen were now expofed. To their minds it was 
 liiiiie alleviation, when, about ten in the morning, thry 
 heard the found of guns fired from the fliips on pur- 
 pofe to le.id them right, fuppofing them to have loft 
 their way. But this was poor comfort, when they 
 rctkOlcd, that the lliips were at a great diftance, and 
 that it they ventured to take them for theii guide, they 
 (hould never live to fee an end to their journey. Still 
 lalxiuring, therefore, to advance by chc fun, they at 
 length, all at once, obferved an opening, that led, as 
 they thought, to the long-wiflied-for Hiore. The he.irt 
 of man, dilated with the tnoft cxquilite joy, can only 
 be fendblc of the inexpreflible pleafure which the gen- 
 tlemen fell on pcrc^ving ih:s taf of hope. 'They 
 6 Q_ forgot 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
jaa 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 t' 
 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 M.V i ■' 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dt for the moment, the ptitu of their lacerated 
 lies, though all torn with bricn and bcfmeared with 
 »!ood, and comforted themfclvcs with ihii dawn of 
 4.'liverance I but they had ftill much to fuller ; for 
 when thev ruflied with cxtafy from the cover, and 
 came to lurvcy the open country, they difcovcred to 
 (heir great mortification, that they were vet at a great 
 pittance from the neck of land, over which their people 
 had paflcd; that thi« opening had brought them to 
 Mother creek or inlet of the Tea. and that they had yet 
 to travel round a vail circle of the thicket before they 
 oould come to the bay that wai even now fcarce within 
 tficir knowledge. On this difcovcry. dcfpair had almod 
 taken place ot hn{>e, when they heard, or thought they 
 beard, a found like that of a man's voice far within 
 the thicket. This, in a fliort time, was anfwercd by a 
 found not unlike the former, but fainter. It was then 
 rightly conjcAurcd. that thcfc founds proceeded from 
 men Tent in.fearch of them, and they all endeavoured 
 tp raifc a halloo in their turn ; but their throats were 
 6) parched, tnat with their utmod eifoits they could 
 fcarce rife above a whifper. They now lamented the 
 ^ilc of powder, which they had fniitlcfsly expended 
 during the night in making lignals of dillre», and 
 rummaged their c;ifes to nuiftcr up a fingic charge. 
 This, in feme meafure, had the defircd ciVcifl. The 
 report was heard b/ one of (he fcamen wh' v .re in 
 purfuit of ihcui (av will be fccn hereafter) both of 
 whom had been ftruirgling with equal dlHicultics, and 
 tailing under gr^atc- incur.i>rniices, without the lead 
 prcrpc«fl of fuctccdirg in incir fcarch. Tlicfe mtn 
 were now bewildered r'lemriivos \nd hallooed to each 
 other, as veil for ihe fake of kcrping '-ompany, as for 
 fignals to ti'c jcp:linic(^ lloi'ld they be within hc.ir- 
 ing. By thu tinit 'Oi: day was f\\r advanced j and 
 partly w ith fatigMv- 1 id for w.>(tr of •cfVeflimcnt, the gen- 
 tlemen were uhro'.' ('p<iu ; th :y had been ever fmcc the 
 morning"- dawn cirr.i,'i. i 'ii the moll painful exertion 
 of bodili f*ftiipth, to i-\\ri(;itc thcmfelves from the 
 labyrinth in vh.ch the) ha(( lucn involved, that ever 
 
 itien expcricn oil ani' oyc^ 
 
 'ilcqiicncc to an equal wafle 
 of fpirits, without lu.y rhirf/ id .".cruit :hcm ; and 
 now, though Icfs .ntaiigkd, rlipy were more expofcd to 
 l^e heat of the I'un, vhith broujjht on an intolerable 
 thirll that was no lonjjer fupportabic; they therefore, 
 as the lall rcfource, repai'cil to the nearcll beach, where, 
 to their comfort, they found a turtle, killed it, and drank 
 the blood, in order to aJlay their third. One of them 
 then undrelfed himfcif, and lay down for a fliort time 
 in the fliallow water ; a lingular method of rcfrefliing 
 hiinfclf. when fatigued. After this they took flicltcr in 
 the hollow of a rock till the violent heat abated, during 
 which time a rcfrefliing flecp gave them fomc relief, 
 •nnd enabled them to perform a journey of three or 
 fitiiir leagues, which, otherwifc, they mull have pcrilh- 
 t'd, before they could have accompiilhcd. When they 
 .irrivctl at the hut, to their great concern, they found it 
 dtfcriicd, and deflitutc of every kind of provilioni ; 
 but calling their eyes towards the ftiips, they per- 
 ceived the boats hallening to their relief. The crew, 
 and the officer who attended them, waited at the hut, 
 till all their provitions were expended, and, not know- 
 ing how to proceed, had repaired to the (hip for a 
 fftfh fupfily, and frefli orders ; and he was now re- 
 turning fully furniflied and inllrudlcd. On his arrival, 
 \c was druck with adonillimcnt at the fight of three 
 finch miferable objctils as the gentlemen and the gun- 
 ner's mate appeared to be. Their cry was for gr()g, 
 which was (leak to them fparingly, and th( \ were con- 
 veyed on b ard to be prof>crly taken ca i of. The 
 firfl enquiry they made was, whether any of the (hip's 
 company had been fcnt after them ? And being an- 
 fwercd in tlK affirmative, and that they were not yet 
 returiud, they < oulil not help cxprclFing their doubts 
 whether they would return ; adding their wiflies at the 
 fame unie, that no means might be omitted to effedl 
 Cheir recovt-ry. Natural it is for men who havejud expc- 
 iicnccd any lignal deliverance, to feci poignantly for the 
 fatc'.y of others under the fame critical circiimfiances. 
 Jt wa< thea-furc no fuull fatisfpdioii, when they were 
 
 I 
 
 told, that every poflible meana would be tried for their 
 relief; and to enable them, who were to be feni on that 
 errand, the better todiredl their fearch, the gentlemen 
 defcribcd as well as they could, the place where they were 
 heard. The evening, however, was now too br ad- 
 vanced, to undertake with any probability of fucccfs, 
 their deliverance. There were now twenty of the crrw 
 (feamen and marines) who had been difpatchcd from 
 on board, for recovering the gentlemen. Thefe had 
 orders from Captain Clerke, totraverfe the thicket in « 
 body, till they fliould find them either living or dead, 
 for, till the gentlemen appeared, nothing could be con- 
 cluded with certainty concerning them. The majority 
 were of opinion, that, if they had been alive, they 
 would certainly have returned as foon as it was dark, as 
 they could have no motive to purfuc their fport in the 
 night ( and it was by no means probable, that they 
 fltould be bewildered, bccaufc they might furely have 
 found the fame way out of the cover, by which they 
 went into it. This was very plaufiblej but fomc on 
 board, who had failed with Commodore Byron, and 
 who remembered the almod impenetrable thickets in 
 the illand of Tinian. where men could not fcconeanr • 
 ther in the open day, at the didancc of three y? Js, 
 knew well how the gentlemen might be entangled, 
 and how hard it would fare with them if it diould fi» 
 happen. 
 
 hiirly in the morning the party, and their plan of 
 proceeding were lornu\l, which was to march in lines 
 at fuch a didancc from each other, a» to be within 
 hearing, and their loiit was propofcd to be towards the 
 fpot where the found of the voices was heard by the 
 gentlemen. After a diligent fearch of fix hours. Bar- 
 tholomew Lorcman was difcovcred in a mod niiltrabic 
 condition, almod blinded by the venomous bites of 
 the vermin, added to the fcorching heat of the fun, 
 and f|KcchIefs for want of fonicthing to eat. lie made 
 ligns tiir water, and fomc was given him. He was 
 moving about, but totally Ifupid, having no fenfc of 
 danger, or of the miferable condition in which he was 
 found. It fortunately hap()encd, that the boats from 
 both fliips were previoufly lent iriund the point of land, 
 and planted along the coad, as it trended, for the con- 
 vcnieiice of taking the gentlemen on board, in cafe 
 they fliould have liccn found (1 rayed to any cnnliderable 
 didancc. Had this precaution not been obfervcd, the 
 nun mud have ucrilhcd before he could have been con- 
 vc.ed by any other means to the place of rendezvous, 
 and it was w ith the utmod difficulty that he was carried 
 to the ncarcd boar. As foon as he could be brought to 
 his fpccch, he faid,that he had parted from his compa- 
 nion Trecher, in the morning, not in anger, but by ica- 
 fon of a diHercncc in opinion ab(w 'he way back. 
 He faid, they had travelled the day bcfo^o as long at 
 they could in fearch of the gcnilemen without (ucrT*\ 
 and that wlien overcome with fatigue, they fatdown^o 
 refrefli, and he believed, dij".l a little too freely of 
 their gmg, m hich occalioncd liem both to fall afleep. 
 They were ightened" .im tleyawoketofind itnVhtj 
 s-lalthouf<h ihey L-lt thetr faces and hands covered 
 wich vermin, the tiioughts of having neglcCfed "heir 
 duty, and the ''read of the confequenccs, lb didr J< i 
 iheir nvnds, that they were not lenfiblc of any >.tr;cr 
 "jain. ,s red was now no longer their objedt, thev rofc 
 and waodcred, th • nc her knew nor cared wiierr, till 
 'lay Iwgs'i tubre.Tk jp<..\ them, and then the; c-Jea- 
 ■ ourcd to .ccj)lle(!' their way, with a view to rcjoi.i their 
 companions; but, after walking and winding about, ai 
 th'.'v could find a patfage through the bufhes, they ae 
 tit began to difi^over that they were going from the 
 
 Place of rendezvous inllcad of making towards it. 
 aligned to the lad degree w ith walking, and perplexed 
 in their minds, they began to grow carelcfs about living 
 or dying, andtn that humour fat down to lighten their 
 burden oy nukinK an end of their grog and provifions. 
 I'his they had no looner done, than deep again furprizcd 
 them, and notwithdanding the vermin, with which the/ 
 found themfelves covered when they awoke, they found 
 thcmfcives again in the dark, and again rofc up to wan- 
 der about, vJkich they continued to do as before, h- 
 
 menting 
 
 III 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST V6YA0E— To the PAnriL OLJ 
 
 523 
 
 menting their meltnchdy (ituation. and confultJng 
 wh«i courfe to t«ke. Several wild projcdts came into 
 thfir headi. Thiy had heard of Robinfon Cniroc'j 
 living many years upon an uninhabited idnnd, and why 
 mlRht they not live In this? But hitherto they had fcen 
 no four-footed animal, nor any thing on which they could 
 Tubfin, but turtle and fowls, the latter of which they had 
 no meant to attain, and they were totally unprovided 
 with every eanhly thing but what they carried about 
 them. Tnat fcheme therefore appeared too romantic. 
 They next thought of climbing'the highcft tree, to trv if 
 thevcoulddifcoveranyhilloreminence.from whence they 
 might take a view of the country, in order to be certain 
 whether it was inhabited or not. This was approved 
 by both, and Trether mounted the loftieft tree within 
 hit reach, from whence, he faid, he could difcern, to- 
 wards the S. W. a mountain of conltderable height, and 
 as that was the point that led to the fliips. thither he 
 propofcd that they (hould gO; but Ixircman rather 
 chofc to depend upon Providence, and endeavour to 
 regain the Ihore, as he judged by a report of a gun, 
 which he thought he heard the day before, that it muft 
 lie in the direction from whence the found proceeded, 
 und thither he was endeavouring to make his way, till 
 his eye -fight failed him, and he loft all fenfeof adUon. 
 His companion, he faid, who was at fome diftance far- 
 ther in the thicket, and who did not hear the report of 
 the giin, did not believe what he faid ; whereupon they 
 agreed to part. What courfe Trccher took, he could 
 not tell, but he believed to the S. W. I-oreman was 
 iud(;ed in tcr" c'lngcrous a way to admit of any delay: 
 he was therefore fent off in a boat, and being put under 
 the cnre of the furgcon, foon recovered. 
 
 After this detail it was debated, whether to refign 
 Trecher to hi» fate, or to continue the fearch. The hu- 
 manity of the officer who hail the command of the 
 party prevailed. In confequence of this, the whole 
 party, in the morning, about ten o'clock, after taking 
 fome refrclhmint.fct out tofcour the thickets, and, by 
 hallooing, beating of drums, and purfuing different 
 courfcs, determined he (liould hear them if he were 
 •live. It was no eafy talk to penetrate a tracklefs cover, 
 overgrown with undernooil, and almunding with in- 
 fects, of which the mufltatoes were the leaft troiiblcfome. 
 But numbers make that eafy, which to individuals would 
 he impradicablc. They went on chearfully at firft; 
 but before a few hours were elapfcd, even the gentle- 
 men, who were infpiritcd by their fucccfs in killing 
 game, began to be tired, and it was thought advifeable 
 to reft and refrcni theinfelves during the inrenfc mid- 
 day he.it, and to renew the purfuit after they had dined. 
 I\ . yet they had not been able ro difcover any trace or 
 track of the man they were purfuing, though it had 
 he-.'. V ;reeu between Trecher and his companion, to cut 
 iKX'' iiii from the trees, as they palled along, by way of 
 uiarK or miide to eich other, in cafe of fcparation. 
 This was \ > fmalldifcouragcmrnt; and few had any 
 rMifh to renew a labour attended with fo much fatigue, 
 ■.lid fo little profped of fuccefs. The olViccrs alone 
 were bent on the purfuit. The men, thoiigh thi-y were 
 no trfs willing, were not equally able to endure the fa- 
 fc^aii , and lome of them were even rcnJy to drop, 
 Ixforctheirdii.t.er and grog had rovi-.ci their fpirits. 
 The only expedient, that now remained to be tried, 
 was, that which Trecher had hit upon, namely, to climb 
 the higheft tret that appeared i.i view, in order to look 
 for the mo' .itain, to which it was thought probable 
 hat he might dire(!l his courfe. This was no fooner 
 prop I cd than executed, and the high land fccmed it 
 no f;«at diftance from the pl.Tcc where the party had 
 dined. It was now agreed u, make tl\e beh oi" their 
 way to the eminence, but thij proved not fo eafy a talk 
 as it at firft appeared tc \k. When they thought thein- 
 felves juft rc.idy to mount, they met with a lagoon that 
 interrupted their progrefs; and coafting it aloni'. they 
 difcovered the (keleton of a creature that, by it^ Ic.igth, 
 appeared to be an alligator. In viewing this narrowly, 
 fomething like the track of a large animal was ob- 
 ferved to have paffcd it, and the high grafs on the mar- 
 gin of the lagoon to have been Irefli trodden. This 
 
 excited the curioftty of the whole party, who imagined 
 that fome monfter inhabited the lagoon, againft which 
 it was pnident Ti» them to be on their guard. 1'he 
 waters of the bgortn were fait as brine, aniTevery wheri 
 fkirtcd with a kind of reed and fedge, that reached as 
 high as a man's head, and could not be penetrated 
 without danger from fcorpions or other venomous rep- 
 tiles, fevcralof which had been feen in the bulhes. 
 All attempts therefore of fucceedingby this courfe an-* 
 pcared to be labour loft, and as no other were thougnt 
 more probable, it was refolved to rclinquifti the pur- 
 fuit, and to return to the boats ; but the day being aU 
 ready too far fpent to make their return pra>fticable be- 
 fore the morning, it was agreed to coaft it along the 
 lake, to endeavour to find acceft td the oppoflte nillsi 
 and this was the more eafily effeded, as between the 
 fcdgy border and the thicket, there was an open fpace 
 of unequal breadth, only fometmies Interfedled with 
 patches of brambles that joined the take, but of no 
 
 f'rcat extent. Through thefc ihty made their way with 
 ittle oppofition till the lake appeared to deepen, when 
 a moft fliibborn wooily copfe fcemed to bid defiance to 
 their further progrefn. This difficulty, however, was 
 with much labour liirmountcd, and it was no foonei^ 
 paflcd, than the lake was found to terminate, and the 
 ground to rife. The country now began to put on a 
 new face. The profped which had hitlierto prefcnted 
 nothing hut a wild and almoft impenetrable tnickct, aa 
 thev aR-ended the riling ground, became delightful ; 
 and when they had attained the fummit of the emi- 
 nence, was exceedin;;!/ pidurefque. Here they de- 
 termined to pafs the night within a pleafant grove, 
 which fecmed to be dcfigncd by nature for a pmcc of 
 reft. The whole party now affemblcd, and orders were 
 given by the commanding officers to erect temporary 
 tents to fticltcr them from the evening damps. Thefe 
 tents were only boughs and leaves of trees fet up tent 
 fafhion. In this fcrvicc fome were employed in cutting 
 down and preparing materials, while others were bu- 
 ficd in difpofing and putting them together: fome 
 were ordered to colled fuel, and others to carry it to 
 an adjoining hill, in order to be kindled at the clofc of 
 day, and kept burning during the night, by way of 
 fignal, to let the boats know tifiat the party were fafc, 
 and that they had not yet relinquiftied the fearch. Add 
 to thefe orders, that a fcntiocl was to attend the fire in 
 the night, and a watch to \»r. regularly fet and relieved 
 to guard the tents. In the mean time, the gentlemen 
 anuifeil themfclvcs hy taking a view of the Ligoon from 
 the hills, and obfervjng its extent. It is bounded on 
 three fides by a ridge of hills, and open only to the 
 N. W. from which quarter they had approached it. 
 They alfo obfcrved an open down to trend towards the 
 ftiorc.by which the low grounds were dividcd,and hence 
 they concluded, that their return would be much ftior- 
 tened. Before night fet in, the tents were complcatcd, 
 and the orders that had been given were carried punc- 
 tually into execution; the fire was lighted; the fenti- 
 ncl at his ftation; the watch fet; and the party ail re- 
 tired to reft. About midnight the fentinel, who at- 
 tended the fire, was fiirprized by a four-footed monfter, 
 that had ftole upon him with a flow and folemn pace, 
 and was juft ready to fcizc him, when he rtartcd fud- 
 denly from it, and flew down to the tents to apprize 
 the watch. The olliccr on duty was prefcntly made ac- 
 quainted with the impending danger, who immediately 
 called to their alfidance the fcrjcantof marines, the fc- 
 cond mate, and the armourer, the ftouteft men of the 
 party. With this rcinforreinent they marched up the 
 hill inform. Mr. Hollingftjy and Mr. Dixon in front, 
 the ferjcant and 'i.r 'Iti inel in the next line, and two 
 failors in the x> ir As ihey approached the fire, the 
 fentinel, pcepir^' uvtin behind the armourer, beheld 
 th(. Mumfter th:( ijgh th • fmokc, as tall again as he ap- 
 peared before, i/d iVRied the front line to kneel and 
 firc; but thearr.itMircT, fcuing neither devil nor mon- 
 fter, determined to face the enemy. He therefore .nd- 
 vanccd boldly, iind locking ftiarply, took the monllcr 
 for a man, and called him to fpeak, in the ufual 
 phrafe of a fcamau. B..it what was their aftoniflnnenr, 
 
 when 
 
 I. 
 
 1 
 
 /.yn,^'' 'i^v 
 
 m\ 
 
JH 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 n 
 
 i: 
 
 Mtl 
 
 p., 
 
 -4' 
 
 
 when chejr beheld the very identical Thomai I'rechcr, 
 of whom they hid been in fearch fii kms, crawling upon 
 all fours, for hia feet werefoblinered that he coiiKl not 
 ftand, and hit throat fo parched that he could not fpcuk. 
 It i* hard to fay which was predominant, their furpri/c 
 or iov. No time, however, was loft in adminiftering 
 relief. Some ran to the tents to tell the news, and to 
 bring fome refr<(hment, whde the reft ftrovc to cafe him, 
 by fiiuporting him in their arms. In a few minutei he 
 was uirrounoed by the whole party, fomc eager lu hear 
 his ftory, and all to give him relief. Tnc oHicrrs 
 brought him cordials, which they adminiftered fpar- 
 ingly tdl he was brought to his fpcech. He was a 
 molt afteding fpeiflacle, bliftcred from head to fiwt by 
 poifonous infers, whofc venomous ftings had caufcd 
 fuch an intolerable itching, that his very olood was in- 
 flamed by conftant rubbing. By anointing him with 
 oil, the acrimony in fomc degree abated, and by fre- 
 quently giving him fmall quantities of tea mixed with 
 a little brandy, they brought him to his fpecch ; but 
 it was fome clays before he recovered the pcrfeiil ufc of 
 his fenfcs. As foon as they had recovered him fo far, 
 by proper refreftiments, as to entertain hopes of faving 
 his life, they carried him to bed, and ordered one of 
 his mefTmates to attend him. In the morning his fever 
 Mas abated ; but there arofe a difficulty, how he was to 
 be conveyed more than twelve miles, through a coun- 
 try, fuch as has been dcfcribed, in his weak condition. 
 To Englifh failors nothing, that is not impolFible, is im- 
 pradicablc. One of them rememljcrcd that, when he 
 was a boy, his fchoolfellows ufed to divert thcmfclvcs 
 with making fcdan chairs of ruflics, and he thought it 
 an eafy matter to frame fuch a one from the materials 
 in the thicket, that would anfwcr the purpofe. This 
 was no fooner propofed than cxecutal, and a machine 
 contrived, in which they took it by turns to carry him 
 through almoft infurmoiintable obltrudions. The gen- 
 tlemen had, indeed, difcovcred a lefs encumbered paf- 
 liige than that, through which they had made their 
 way the day before ; but it reached very little farther 
 than they could fee with the naked eye ; all tho low 
 ground beyond was fwampy and reedy, and alwunding 
 with infers of various kinds. In the evening, inexprel- 
 fibly fatigued, they reached the beach, where the I)if- 
 covery's cutter was grounded, and where likewife the 
 Rcfolution's boat, that had licen waiting all the day be- 
 fore on the oppofitc fide cf the pcninfula, was arrived. 
 After ibmc (light refieflunent, e.ich party repaired to 
 their own (hip 1 and Trccher, being committed to the 
 furgeon's care, recovered gradually, but it was I'onie 
 weeks before he was (it to do duty. Conlidering what 
 flrangc people the gen rality of failors arc, while on 
 (horc, we might, inftead of being much furprized, that 
 the two fcamcn (hould lofc their way, rather wonder that 
 no more of them were miffing. 
 
 This day, (Tucfday, the 30th) Captain Qwk. and 
 MclTrs. King and Bailey, repaired in the morning to 
 the fmall illand, to obferve the cclipfc of the fun. The 
 fkv was overcaft at times; but it was clear when the 
 eciipfe ended. Having (bme yams and cocoa-nuts on 
 board, in a (^atc of vegetation, we planted them on 
 this fpot, and fome feeds of melons were fown in ano- 
 ther place. The Captain alfo left on this little ifle a 
 bottle, having this infcription : 
 
 C(orpi4s Tcrlius, Rfx, 31 Decembrts. 1777. 
 - , C RefolutioH, Jitc. Cook, Pr. 
 
 ^aves j D,fcovfry,Car.aerke,Pr. 
 
 On Thurfday the 1 ft of January, our 
 A. D. •TV^-j^jtg ^,grc fent out to bring on board our 
 didcrcnt parties employed on (hore, who, in the couifc 
 of a week, had taken more than lOO turtle, from i fo 
 to {OO pound weight: but wc had not been able to dil'- 
 covcr any frefti water. It being late lielbre this bull- 
 ncfs was completed, the Captain thought pro|)er to de- 
 fer failing till the next morning. The turtle we pro- 
 cured at this idard were all of the green fort, and, per 
 haps, not inferior in goodnefs to any in the world. 
 Wc alfo caught with hook and line, a great quantity 
 of fifti, principally confifting of cavaUies, fnappcrs, 
 and a few rock fifli of two fpccics, one with whiiilh 
 
 ftrcaks fcattered about, and the other with numeroua 
 blue fpots. The foti of this ifland. (to which the name 
 of Chrill mas Idand was given, becaufc wc kept that 
 feftival here,) is. in fome places, light and blackidi, 
 and compolcd of fand, the dung of birds, and rotten 
 vegetables. In other parti, it is formed of broken 
 coral (tones, decayed (hells, and other marine produc- 
 tions, Thefe arc depolitcd in long, narrow ridges, 
 lymg parallel with the fea-coaft , and niuft have been 
 thrown up by the waves, though they do not reach at 
 prefent, within a mile of thefe places. This feems to 
 prove inconteftibl^, that the illand has been produced 
 by different .-iccefTions from the fca, and is in a ftate of 
 augmentation! the broken pieces of coral, and like- 
 wife many of the ftiells, being too large and heavy to 
 have been brought from the beach by any birds to the 
 places where they are now lying. Though wc could 
 not, alter repeatedly digging, find a drop of frefti water, 
 wc met with fevcral fait ponds, which, as they had no 
 communication with the fea, were probably filled by 
 the water (iltrating through the fand during the time of 
 high tidea. One of the men who loft their way found 
 fome fait on the fouth-eaftern part of the ifland. Wc 
 could not difcovcr the fmalltft trac es of any human 
 creature having ever been here before us i and, indeed, 
 ftiould nny one be accidentally driven on the ifland, or 
 left there, he would hardly be able to prolong hisexift- 
 ence: for though there are birds and fiih in abundance, 
 there are no viliblc means of allaying thirft, nor any 
 vegetable that v.ould fcrve as a fubftitutc for bread, or 
 corret'l the Ixid ctfcCls of animal diet. On the few co- 
 coa-nut trees upon the ifland, we found very little fruit, 
 and th:it little not gcxxl, A few low trees were ob- 
 ferved in fomc parts, befides fcvcial fmall flirubs and 
 plains, which grew in a very Innguiil manner. Wc 
 found a loit of puinain, a fpccics of fida, or Indian 
 mallow, and another plant that fee me I, from its leaves, 
 to be :i mi- frill' riMiib, mum ■ with two forts of giar>. 
 Under the low trees fat vaft numbers of a new fpecics 
 of tern, or egg-bird, black above, and white below, 
 having a white arch on the forehead. ThcIc birds 
 are fomcwhat larger than the common noddy; their 
 eggs are bluifti, ami fpcckled with black. There were 
 likewife many common boobies; a fort grvatly refemb- 
 lingaganncti and a ch(Kolate-coloured fpccics, with 
 a white belly. Men-of-war birds, curlews, plovc «, and 
 tropic birds, arc to be (bund here. Wc faw numbers of 
 land-crabs, finall lizards, and fevcral rats finalicr than 
 ours. This ifland is fuppofed by Captain Cook to be 
 between 1 5 and 20 leagues in circuit. Its form is femi- 
 circular j or like the moon in her laft quarter, the two 
 horns being the north and (buth points. Ihc weft (idc, 
 or the fmall ifland fituaie at ilv.- entrance into the la- 
 goon, lies in aoj dcg. jo min. call longitude, and in 
 the latitude of i deg. 59 nun. north Like moft of 
 the other iilcs in this ocean, t:hriftmas Ifland is fur- 
 rounded by a reef of coral rock, extending but a little 
 way from the (hore; and further out than this rce(,on 
 the weftern fide, is a bank of fand, which extends a 
 mile into the fca. There is good anchnrige on this 
 bank, in any depth betw een eighteen and thirty fathom. 
 During our continuante here, the wind generally blew 
 a frcfh gale at E. by S. or M. and wc had conftantly a 
 great fwell from the northward, which broke on the 
 reef in a very violent manner. 
 
 Friday, the and, at day-break, wc unmoored, fet 
 fail, and refumcd our northerly courfc, with the Dif- 
 covery in company. As we were now cleat of land, 
 had a profperouj gale, and plenty of provifions, the men 
 were allowed tuitlc to boil with their pork, which in a 
 few days wasdifcoiitinued by the advice of the furgeon, 
 and turtle fublfituted in the room of every other kind 
 of meat. This was found hotn healthful and nourifti- 
 ing,and was therelbrc continued till within a few days 
 of our arrival at another ifland, where wc met with 
 frcfh provifions and water equal to any wc brought 
 with us from the Society Iflcs. On the 3d, the wind 
 fliiftcd, and a ftorm came on, preceded by a lowering 
 ilarkncfs, that prcfagcd fomc violent convullion, and 
 fuun after it broke forth in thunder, lightning, wind and 
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COOK \THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN* &c. 
 
 525 
 
 fain, which ia two hours incrcafcd to fuch a raging 
 decree, as no man 011 fioard had ever known the like. 
 Fortunately, it was but of fhort continuance; but, in 
 that little time, the fea broke over our quarter, ^and 
 cleared ibc deci.s of every thing that was loofe. After 
 this we liad a gentle breeze at E. and E.S. E. which 
 coi inuedtillwe arrived in the latitude of 7 dcg. 45 min. 
 N and in 205 deg. eaft longitude, where we had one 
 day of perfed calm. A N. E. by E. wind then fuc- 
 cceded, which blew faintly at firft, but fredicncd as wc 
 proceeded northward. Wc daily obfcrved tropic birds, 
 boobies. &c. and between the latitude of 10 and 11 
 deg. N. wc faw feveral turtles. Though all thefe, 
 arc conlidered as figns of the proximity of land, we; 
 difcovered none till early in the morning of Sunday, 
 the 1 8th, when an iftand appeared bearing N. E. by E. 
 Not long after nrore lartd was feen, which bore N. and 
 was totally detached from the former. At noon, the 
 firft was fuppofed to be 8 or 9 leagues diftant. Our 
 longitude at this time, was 200 deg. 41 min. E. and our 
 latitude 2 1 deg. 1 2 min. N. The next day, at fun-rife, 
 the ifland firft feen bore E. diftant 7 leagues. Not be- 
 ing able to reach this, we ftiaped our courfe for the 
 others and foon after, obfcrved a third ifland, bearing 
 W. N. W. 
 
 We had now a fine breeze at E. by N. and, at noon, 
 the fecond ifland, named Atooi, for the eaft end of 
 which we were ftecring, was about two leagues diftant. 
 As we made a nearer approach, many of the inhabit- 
 ants put ofl' from the Ihore in their canoes, and very 
 readily camcalong-fidc theftiips. Wc were agreeably fur- 
 prizcd to find, that they fpoke i dialeift of thcOtaheitean. 
 language. They could not be prevailed on, by any en- 
 treaties, to come on board. We conveyed to thofe in 
 the ncareft car-.oc fome brafs medals, tied to a rope; and 
 they, iii return, faftened fome mackarel to the rope, by 
 way of an equivalent. This was repeated; and fome 
 nails or pieces of iron, were given them; for which 
 they returned in exchange fome more fifti, and a fweet 
 potaiot i a lure indication of their having fome notion 
 of bartering, or, at Icaft. of returning one prefent for 
 another. One of them even cJtfercd for falc the piece 
 of ftuff which he wore about his waift. Thefe people 
 did not exceed the ordinary fize, but are ftoutly made. 
 Their complexion is brown; and though there appears 
 but little difference in the cafts of their colour, there 
 is a confiderable variation in their features. Moft ot 
 them have their hair cropped fliort ; a few had it tied 
 in a bunch at the top of the head ; and others futfered; 
 it to flow loofc. It feemed to be naturally black ; but 
 the generality of them had flained it with fome ftuif 
 which communicated to it a brownifti colour. MoR 
 of them had pretty long beards. They had no or- 
 naments about their perfons ; nor didwe obferve that 
 they had their ears perforated. Some of them w;ere 
 tatooed on the hands, or near the groin; and the pieces 
 of cloth, worn by them roiuid their middle, were cu- 
 rioufly coloured with whiR, black and red. They 
 feemed to be mild and good naturcd ; and were fur- 
 nilhed with no arms of any kind, except fome fmall 
 (tones, which they had manifeftly brought for their 
 own defence ; and thefe they threw into the fea when 
 they foui.d there was no occafion for th(m. Perceiv- 
 ing no figns of an anchoring place, at this eaftern eXr. 
 trcmity of the ifland. we bore away to leewarfl, and; 
 ranged along the S. E. fide of the coaft, at the diftance 
 of about a mile and a half from the fhore. The. ca- 
 noes left us when we made fail ; but others came off, as 
 *e proceeded along the coaft, and brought with them 
 pigs and fome excellent potatoes, which they exchanged 
 for whatever wc offered to them; and feveral fmall.piga 
 were purchafed by us for a fix-penny nail each* We 
 pafled divers villages; fome of which were fituated 
 iisar the fea, and odiers. further up the country. The 
 inhabitants of all of them came m cfli«»(Jsitotht8ifr«(t«,| 
 and aflcmbledon the elevated places totakea ^wVr «^ 
 the Ihips. OintlwfitleofHthe ifland ihijJilmtlrTiSfJnii 
 gentle acQlivitjf ftQOVthfc&nts thcibfKtPtnof (h«ix>PMn<^ 
 tains, which occupy the central part of; i^e country, ex- 
 cept at one place near the e«fti}m««mlr«h«w :*H(^ tifq 
 Uiimcdiatcly from the fea : they fc^mcd 19 be compofed 
 No. 64. 
 
 of.ftone, or rocks lying in an horizontal ftiata. Wd 
 obfcrved a fcvy trees about the villages 1 near which we 
 could alfodifc^n feveral plantations of fugar-cancs anij 
 plantains. We\:ontinucd to found, but did not llnkc 
 ground with a linf of 50 fathoms, till we came abrcaft 
 of a low point, ndar the N. W. extremity of the ifland^ 
 where we found from 12 to 14 fathoms, over a rocky 
 bottom. Having pafTed this point, wc met w ith 20 fa;.- 
 thoms.then 16, and at laft 5, over a bottom of land. 
 We fpent the night in ftanding off and on, and the ne:<l 
 morning, being Tuefday, the 20th, ftood in for the landi 
 We were met by feveral canoes filled with natives. 
 fome of whom ventured to come on board. None of 
 the inhabitants we were ever before converCint with^ 
 in any other country or ifland, were fo aftoniftied aa 
 thcfe_people, upon entering our fhip. Their eyes were 
 inceflantly rolling from one objcdt to another; a^d thd 
 wildnefs of their looks and geftures fully indicated theit' 
 perfect ignoiance with refpedt to every thin;.- they be 
 held ; and ftrongly marked to us, that they had never, 
 till the prefent time, been vilited by Europeans, nof 
 been acquainted with any of our commodities, except 
 This metal, however, they had in all probability 
 
 iron. 
 
 only heard of, or had perhaps known it in fome incon- 
 fiderable quantity, brought to them at a remote period. 
 Theyafltcd for it by the appellation of hamaite, refer- 
 ring probably to fome inftrument, in making which 
 iron could be ferviceably employed ; for they applied 
 that name to the blade of a knife, though they had no 
 idea of that particular inftrument, which they could not 
 even handle properly. They alfo frequently (ailed Iron 
 by the name of toe. which lignificsa hatchet, 01 adzci 
 On our flicwing them Ibme beads, they firrt aflicd what 
 they were; and then, whctiicr they were to be eaten. 
 But on their bejng informed, that they were to be 
 hung in their cars, they rejeded them as ufelefs. They 
 were equally indifferent with regard to a lookirtg-glafa 
 that we ottered them, and returned it for a fimilar reafon. 
 China cups, plates of earthen ware, and other things of 
 that kino, were fo new to them, that they aflied whethei! 
 they were made of wood. They were in many rcfpcdta 
 naturally polite; or. at leaft, cautious of giving offence. 
 Some of them juft before they ventured aboard, 1 re- 
 peated a iong prayer; and others, afterwards, fang, and 
 made various motions with their hands. On their firft 
 entering the (hip, they attempted to fteal every thing 
 that they could lay hands on, or rather take it openly, as 
 if they fuppofed. that we ftiould either not re(cnt fuch 
 behaviour, or not hinder it. But we foon convinced 
 them of their error; and when they obfcrved we kept n 
 watchful eye over them, they became lefs adive in ap- 
 propriating to themfelvcs what did not belong to 
 them. 
 
 About nine o'clock, the Captain dil'patched Lieut. 
 Williamfbn, with three armed boats, to look out for A 
 proper landing place, and for frefh water; with orders, 
 that if he ftiould find it ncceffary to land in fearch of 
 (he latter, he flwuld not allow more than one man to 
 accompany him out of the boats. The very moment 
 thcy were putting off from the (hip, one of the iflanders 
 having ftolen a cleaver, leaped overboard, got into his 
 canoe, and haftcned towards the (horc, while the boats 
 purfued hjm in vain, , The reafon of the Commo- 
 dore,>grd(r> that the, crews of the boats (hould not gd 
 afliOiie, wa8,it^^< he might prevent, if poflible, the im- 
 portation of a dangerous difeafe into this ifland, which' 
 he knew fome of our people now laboured uiider, and 
 yyhich we, unfo^;tunately, had received from, and com- 
 municated ,t9i,|.Qrhe^illands in this ocean. From the 
 fame humane nf^^iye, he commanded, that all female 
 vifitants diQuldi be excluded from both the ftiips. Many 
 perfons of thia fex had come off in the canoes. Their 
 fcaiur^s, corriplexion, and ftaturc, were not very dif- 
 ferent from thofe pf the meni and though their coun- 
 tenancjcs wcits.ex|:r^|Dely m>cn ajid agreeable, few traces 
 of;delicacf.wpre;;Yi6W«cil?her inflieir faces or othcjl 
 proportions. , The «n)y,diff<[»vnce in their dtefs wafi 
 thQirii^aY^itg<|J>><C^<pi',cl(otli,abput their bodies, reach* 
 ii^(j:f)in.n«ar (h« miadle alinofl down to the knees, ii\- 
 ftcud, ftf . the IP vq Win by the male fex. They were a# 
 tjuich inclined to favour us with their compiny or» 
 6 R boa;^4, 
 
 ii til 
 
 I .Ii; 
 
 f'l 
 
 i>il 
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5^6 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO M PvL B T^^. 
 
 board, as fome of the ihett ^tt t but the Comtnodore 
 Was extremely deflroui of preventing all conne^Hon, 
 Vhich tnight, in all probability, convey an irreptJrable 
 injury to themfelves, and aitcrwards, through their 
 tneans, to the whole nation. Another prudent precau- 
 tion was taken, by ftritflly cnjoinine, that no perfon, 
 capable of comnfiunicating the infrdlion, (houldbe icnt 
 ttn duty out of the fliips. Captain Cook had paid equal 
 attention to the fame objeift, when he firll vifited the 
 Friendly Iflesj but he afterwards found, to his great 
 fegret, 'at his endeavours had not fuccecded. And 
 there i^ rcafon to apprehciid, that this will conftantly 
 be the vafe; in fuch voyages as ours, whenever it is ne- 
 Celfary that many people (hould be employed on fliorc. 
 The opportunities and incitements to an amorous inter* 
 cmirfc are then too numerous to be cfTeilluaHy guarded 
 againf^; and however confident a commander mav be 
 of the health of his men, he is often undeceived too late. 
 Among a number of men, there are in general to be 
 found f.mc, who endeavour to conceal any venereal 
 iVmptoins, and there arc others fo proHigate and aban< 
 Goned, as not to care to whom they communicate this 
 difeafc. We had an inttance of this laft obfervation at 
 Tongataboo, in the gunner of the Difcovery, who had 
 been Rationed on (hore. After knowing that he had 
 cnntraded this difordcr, he continued to have connec- 
 tions with different women, who were fuppofed to have 
 been, till that time, free from any infeftion. His com- 
 panions rcmonftratxl to him on this fcandalous beha- 
 viour without eife(ft, till Captain Gierke, being informed 
 df it, ordered him to repair on board. 
 
 During the time the boats were employed in recon- 
 noitering the coafl, we flood off and on with the fhips. 
 Towards noon our lieutenant returned, and reported, 
 that he had oblerved, behind a beach near one of the 
 villages, a large pond, faid by the natives to contain 
 trcih water, and that there was tolerable anchoring 
 ground before it. He alfo had made an attempt to land 
 in another place, bift was prevented by the iflanders, 
 Who coming down in great numbers to the boats, en- 
 deavoured to take away the oars, mufquets, and every 
 other article they < ould lay hold of; and crowded (o 
 thurk upon him and his people, that he was under the 
 neceflity of firing, hy which 6nt man was killedi This 
 tihfbrtunate circumltance, however, was not knOwn to 
 Captain Cook till after we had quitted the ifland, fo 
 that all his mcafures were direded as if no affair of that 
 kind had happened. Ml-. Williamfon infbrmed him, 
 that as^foon as the man fell, he was taken up and car- 
 ded on by his countrymen, who then retired from the 
 boats ; but (till they made figtials for Oiir people to land, 
 Which they declined. Ft did not appear^ that the na- 
 tives bad the lead intention of killing, or even hutting 
 any of them, but were excited by cunofity alone, to get 
 from them what they had, being prepared to give, m 
 itturn, any thing that Appertained to themfelves. 
 Captain Cook then difpatcmd'tohe of the boats to lie 
 in the bcfl anchoring ground ; and, when (he had gained 
 this Oation, we bore down with the (hips, and call 
 anchor in 25 fathoms water, over a fandy bottom. The 
 eaflern point of the toad, which was the low point al- 
 ready mentioned, bore fouth 31 deg. €aft; the weft 
 point north 6j deg. weft; and the viUage neaf which 
 the freih water was faid to be. Was one niil^ dtftanc. 
 The (hips being thus ftationed, birtweeB three and four 
 in the afternoon, the captain went aflwre with three 
 armed boats, and twelve of the marines, with a view of 
 examining the water, and trying the difpo(ition of the 
 natives, who had AfTembled in conlidcMbte nlimbert on 
 a fandy beach before the village i bttHAilA it Wai a valteyt 
 in which Was the pie<y of water. The mort^M he 
 leaped Oft fhore, all the iflanders fell proftratc upon 
 iheir faces, and continued in that pofttirc, till, by figns, 
 he prevailed on them to rife. They then pirefented to 
 YAtn many fmall pigaf, with plantain tites, liiaTing ufe 
 of nearly the fame ceivmoniei Which we hadftenptac- 
 tifed. on fimilaroccaiiditii: tt (^ SAeiety,' iutd(«|ter 
 irfcs, and a long' braJtlM<M^iphiyei>b«l<itl»Mi«^ Wed 
 tty nn individual, in which Others ofthieailRfnblyjOiniM 
 ^caftonalljr. The<apuln figniSed bis ac^tanceiMr 
 
 ,tf.c;t ' * . » .' 
 
 T^™!»- 
 
 their proffticd friehdfhip, by beftowiiY °n them, in 
 return, fuch prMcnts ia he had brought aAore. This 
 introdudory buiinefs being ended, he ftationed « guard 
 upon the beach, and was then conduiiled by fome o§ 
 the natives to the Water, which was extremely good* 
 and fo confiderable a colleflion, that it might be cicnOi.i 
 laituted a lake. After this he returned on board, ami 
 gave orders, that preparations fhould be made for filling 
 our water daftts in the morning, at which time we went 
 aftiore with fome of our people, having a party of ma-, 
 rines for our guard. We had no foont-r landed, than a 
 trade was entered into for potatoes and hogs, which the 
 iflanders bartered for nails and pieces of iro9» ¥u, 
 from giving any obftnidlion to our men, who were oc, 
 cupkd in watering, they even alfifted them in rolling^ 
 the calks to and from the pool, and performed wiiK 
 alacrity whatever was required of thcnt. Leaving tht 
 command of this ftationto Mr. Williamfon, who landed 
 with us, we made an excarlion up the country, into the 
 valley, accompanied by MdTrs. Anderfonand Webber,^ 
 and by a numerous train of natives, one of whom, wh0i 
 had been veryadive in keeping the others in order, tbei 
 captain made choice of as our guide. This man, fronif 
 time to time, proclaiming the approach of our gentle* 
 men, every perfon who met them fell proftrate on the 
 ground, and remained in that pofition till wc had 
 pafled. This,, u we vrero afterwards infornlcd, iathei 
 method of flicwing rcfpedl to their own chicb. At 
 every village, as thie ftups rang^ along the coaft, we 
 had defcried one or more elevated white objedls, re- 
 fcmbling obelifks t one of which, fuppofed to be at 
 leaft fifty feet high, was very confpicuous from our an- 
 choring place, and fecmed to be at a fmall diftancc up 
 this valley. To have a nearer view of it was the prin- 
 cipal motive of our walk ; but it happened to be in fuch 
 a fiiuation that we could not get at it, the pool of water 
 feparatingit ftom us. However,, as there was another 
 of the fame kind about half a mile diffamt upon our fide 
 of the valley, we fet out to vifit that. Wc found it to 
 be fituated in a burying ground, or moral, which boie 
 a ftrikinjg refemblance, m feveral refpcds, to thofe we 
 had ^en-at Otaheite, and other iflands. It was an ol>« 
 Idnefpace, of conftderable extent, environed by a ftone 
 wall, four or five feet high. The indo&d fpacc waa 
 loefely p\ved, and at one end of it was placed the obc- 
 lilk or pyramid, called by the natives hcnananoo, which 
 was an exaSt model of the larger one «n had fcen from 
 the fliips. It was abouc twenty feet in height, and four 
 feet fqiiareiatthe baft.- Icsrtou* 4Ucs were formed of 
 ffiull poies, imerwoveii wiikurigs amd branches, thus 
 compofin^ aiv andiffdrtnc wicker-work, hollow within, 
 from the top to the bottom. It appeared to be in a 
 ruinous ftate, and had been originally covered with* 
 thin greyifti cloth. On each fide of it were long piece* 
 otwicker-work. temied hetcanee, in a condition equalifr 
 ruinous^ with two poles inclining towards each otlier ae 
 one comer, on which fohiepkmtains, were placed on « 
 board, fix«xi at the height t>f about fix feet. ' This the 
 iflanders call herairemy, and. they laid the fruit wat 
 offered to their deity. Before tlic hcnananoo were feveral 
 pieces of wood, caryM in fome rcfcmblancc of huinaik 
 nguresi There was alfo a ftdne neiu- two feet in height^ 
 covered with^ck>tK. Adjoining to this, on the outiidc 
 of the nibrai. Was a fmal) ftied, which they call haree^ 
 pahooi and before it was a grave, where the remains of 
 a woman had been dcpofited. On the further fide of 
 the area of the moral was a houfe, or ftied, called 
 hemanaa, about forty feet in length, tert in breadth,* 
 but narrtwer at each end: though confiderably tongerv 
 it was lower than their common habitationii. Oppofitq 
 the eMtMnee into this i houfe flood two images, ncaii 
 three fo^t hig|h, cut out of one piece of wood, witli pe- 
 deftaht dnqr'wem faidto be Eatooa no Vcheina, or re- 
 ptcfentatitwisof goddefles,.andweic not veryindifte^ 
 
 ylttthii^indef^inorexetation. Oiithehcadofooe 
 fhtttti JWM14 vCyKndrical cap, not mlike the head« 
 drdrsib Otahbinit eaUed ibntoui and oKthat ,of the 
 other/'* CatvMlclMt^et; fiMmWhttdrefirmbliitg thdkoi 
 the antkm wal«ii»Bi and both of them bad pieces ai 
 cloth feftcnad'iboiittheloins^ «fldh«igiiigdownacon- 
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 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 527 
 
 ndcrabic way. At the fide of e«ch w«i alfo a piece of 
 carved wood, with cloth hung on ir. Bcjore the pe- 
 deftaU lay a quantity of fern, that had been placed 
 there at different timet, in the middle of the hourc, 
 and before the images, was an oblong fpacc, inc ofcd 
 by an edging of ftone, and covered with ftireds of cloth : 
 this was the grave of feven chiefs, and was called 
 henecnc. We had already met with fo many inttancc* 
 of refemblance, between the moral we were now vifit- 
 ing. and thofe of the iflands we had lately vifited, that 
 we entertained little doubt in our own minds of the 
 fimilarity In their rites, and particularly in the horria 
 oblation of human bcrifices. Our fufpiciont were fodn 
 confirmed ; for on one fide of the entrance into the 
 hemanaa we obfcrved a fmall fquare place, and another 
 ftill fmaller J and on afking what thefe were, we were 
 informed by our condudor, that in one of them was 
 interred a man, and '" 'he other a hog. both which had 
 been offered up to the deity. At no great diftance from 
 thefe were three other fquare inclofed places, with two 
 
 i>iece» of carved wood at each of them, afld a heap of 
 brn upon them. Thefe were the gravesof three chiefs, 
 and before them was an inclofed fpace,. of an oblong 
 figure, called Tangautaboo, by our guide, who de- 
 clared to us, that three human facrinces, one at the 
 fiineral of each chief, had been buried there. Indeed, 
 every appearance induced us to believe, that this in- 
 human pra(flice was very general. In many fpots within 
 this burying-ground, were planted trees of the Morinda 
 Citrifolia, and Cordia Sebaftina, befides feveral plants 
 of the E^tce, with the leaves of which the hemanaa was 
 thatched. 
 
 Our Journey to and from this morai, lay throueh the 
 plantations. We obferved moft df the ground was 
 perfedUy flat, with ditches interfering diftercnt parts, 
 and roads that fconefl to have been raifed to fomc height 
 by art. The inteiVeHing fpaces, in general, were 
 planted with taro, which grew with great vigour. There 
 were feveral fpou where the cloth-mulberry was planted, 
 in regular rows; this alfo grew vigoroufly. The cocoa- 
 trees were in a lefs thriving condition, and were all low; 
 but the plantain-trees made a pretty good appearance. 
 Upon the whole, d^e trees that are moft numerous 
 around this village, ate the cordia febaftina. The 
 greateft part of the villacec it near the beach, and con- 
 lifts of upwards of fixty noufes there, and we faw near 
 forty more fcattered about towards the morai. After 
 we had carefully examined whatever was worthy of no- 
 tice about the morai, we returned by a different rout. 
 We found a multitude coUofted at the beach, and a 
 bnflc trade for fowls, pigs, and vegetables, going on, 
 with the grcatcft,onier and detoruni : at noon Captain 
 Cook went on board to dinner, and then fentMr.King 
 10 take the command of the party on fliorc^ During 
 the afternoon he landed aoain, accompanied by Captain 
 Clerke, intending to make another excurfion up the 
 country } but beTorc be could execute this defigrt the 
 day was too &r fpents he therefore relinc^uiftied nit in- 
 tention for the prefent, and no opportunity afterwards 
 occurred. 
 
 - Towards fiit>.ret,theCaptaJn and our people.retunied 
 onboard, after having procured, in thecourfeof this 
 day, nine tons of watery and (principally tr^iexchangi- 
 ing nails, and piecesiof iron) ieventy pigs, lome fowh, 
 plantains, poutoet, aiid are roott. In thit commef'- 
 cial intercourfe, the iflanden deferred our beft com- 
 mendations, mahing no attempts to cheat us, cither 
 alone fide our ftiipa^ or on ihore. Some of thetn, in- 
 4ted, as we have already relaud, betrayed at firft a , 
 pilfering difpofition, or, perhapsj they- imagined that 
 4hcy had a right to ail they could' lay their hands on ; 
 but they quickly defifted from a condudt,- which, we 
 convinced them, could not be perfevcred in with im- 
 punity. Amorw.thevarioua articles which they broyght 
 to barter this aky, we were particularly pleafed with a 
 fort of cloak and cap, yAud\t even in more polifhcd 
 eounrries, might be elteemcd elegant. Thefe cloaks 
 are nearly of the fliape and fise ofthe (hort oaes worn ^ 
 by the men In Spain, and by the women in' fingland, ! 
 tied bofcly before, and reaching to the iaiddle of the ' 
 
 back. The ground of them is a network, with the 
 moii beautiful red and yellow feathers fo clofcly fixed 
 up it, that the furface, both in point of fmoothnefs and 
 glofl^nefs, rcfembles the richeft velvet. The methods 
 of varying the mixture are very different, fome of thcin 
 having triangular fuacet of yellow and red alternately 1 
 others a fort of crefcent ; while fome wen. entirely red, 
 except that they had a broad yellow, border. The bril- 
 liant colour of the feathers, in thofe cloaks that were 
 new, had a very fine effedt. The natives, at firft, re- 
 fufed to part with one of thefe cloaks for any thing we 
 offered in exchange, demanding no lefs price than one 
 J our niufquets. They afterwards, however, parted 
 with fomc of them for very large nails. Thofe of the 
 beft fort were fcarce; and it is probable, that they are 
 ufed only on particular occafions. The caps are made 
 in the form of a helmet, with the middle part or creft, 
 frequently of a hand's breadth. Ihey fit very clofe upon 
 the head, and have notches to admit the ears. Tney 
 Confift of twigs and ofiers, covered with net-work, into 
 which feathers are wrought, as upon the cloaks, but 
 fomewhat clofer, and lefs diverfified ; the major part 
 being red, with fome yellow, green, or black ftripes, 
 on the fides. Thefe caps, in all probability, complete 
 the drefs, with the cloaks ; for the idanders appeared 
 fometimcs in both together. We could not conjcdure 
 from whence they obtained fuch a quantity of thefe 
 beautiful feathers j but we foon procured intelligence 
 rcfpeding one fort ; for they afterwards brought for 
 fale great numbers of ficins of a finall red fpecies of 
 birds, frequently tied up in bunches of twenty or up. 
 wards, or having a wooden fliewer run through them. 
 At firft, thofe that «ere purchafed confiftcd only of the 
 (kin from behind the winns forward 1 but we afterwards 
 obtained many with the nind part, including the feet 
 and tail. The former inftantly fuggefted to us the ori- 
 gin of the fable of the birds of paradife being dcftitute 
 of legs, and fufRciently explained that particular. The 
 reafon afligned bythe inhaoitantsof Atooiforthecuftom 
 of cutting off the feet of thefe birds, is, that by this 
 praAice they can preferve them the more eafily, with- 
 out lofingany part which they confider as more valuable. 
 According to Mr. Anderfon, the red bird of this ifiand 
 it a fpecies of merops, about as large as a fparrow t it| 
 ct^ur a beautiful fcarlet, with the tails and wbigt 
 black ; a bill arched, and twice as long as the head, 
 which, with the feet, is of a reddifh hue. The contents 
 of the heads were taken out, as in the birds of paradif.' ; 
 but we did not find that they pradiced any other n(iode 
 of preferving them, than thatof fimple drying. 
 
 On Thunday the 23d we had almoft continual rain 
 for the whole morning. The wind was at S. E. S. S. £. 
 and S. and the furf broke fo high upon the (hore, that 
 our boats were prevented from landing. We were not 
 fniB very fecure fituation, there being breakers within 
 the length of little more than two cab^s from the Refor 
 lution's ftern. The natives, notwithftanding the furfi 
 ventured out in their canoot, bringing off to us hogs 
 and vegetables, which they exchanged, as before, for 
 our commodities. One of their number, who offered 
 foine fifli>hooks for fate, was obferved to have a very ^ 
 fmall parcel, faftened to the ftringof one of them, which ' 
 he carefully feparated, and referved for himfelf, whea 
 he had difpofed ofthe hook. Upon being afl^ed what 
 it was, he pointed to his belly; faying, at tm fame time, 
 it was bad. He was requefted to open the parcel, which 
 he did with great reludancc, and we found that it con- 
 tained a fmall thin piece of fleih, which had, to all ap- 
 pearance, been dried, but wat at prrfent wet with fait 
 water. Imagining that it might be human flefti, vk 
 put the queftion to the producer of if, who anfwered, 
 that the flefh was part of a num. Another ofthe iflandeis 
 who ftood near him was then afked, whether it was a 
 cuftom among them to eat their enemies who had been 
 flain in battle; and he immediately replied in the aflic. 
 mative. In the afternoon we had fome intervals of fair 
 weather. The wind then changed to the E. and N. E< 
 but, towands the evening, it veeml back again to S. 3. & 
 The liaht alfo returniin, cMstinuedthe whole n^ht, but 
 wat tio( attended with much wind. On the 33d, at 
 
 fevep 
 
 ;: 1 1 
 
 ii 
 
5«8 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 fcven o'clock A. M. a north-eagerly breeze fpringing 
 up, our anchors were ordered to be taken up, with a 
 view of removing the Rcfoiution further out. A« foon 
 as the laft anchor was up, the wind veering to the eaft, 
 rendered it neccfTary to make all the fail we could, for 
 the purpofc of clearing the fliorc; fothat before we had 
 good fca-room,we were driven confiderably to leeward. 
 Wf endeavoured to regain the road, but having a ftrong 
 current againfl us, and very little wind, we could not 
 accomplifh that delign. Our Commodore therefore 
 difpatched MeflVs. King and Williamfon afhore, with 
 three boats, to procure water and rcfrefhmenu, fending 
 at the fame time, an order to Captain Clerk, to put to 
 fca after him, if he fliould find that the Refolution was 
 unable to recover the road. Having hopes of finding 
 perhaps a harbour, at the weft end of the ifland, we 
 were the Icfs anxious of regaining our former ftationt 
 but boats having been fent thither, we kept as much as 
 pofliblc to w indward, notwithftanding which, at noon, 
 our Ihip was three leagues to leeward. As we approached 
 the weft end, we found that the coaft rounded gradually, 
 to the N. E. without forming a cove, or creek, wherein 
 a veflcl might be (heltcred ftum the violence of the 
 fwcll, which rolling in from the northward, broke 
 againft the Ihorc in an amazing furf: all hopes, therefore, 
 of meeting with a harbour here foon vanifhed. Many 
 of the natives, in their canoes, followed us as we ftood 
 out to fea, bartering various articles. As we were ex- 
 tremely unwilling, nutwithftanding the fufpicious cir- 
 cumftances of the preceding day, to believe that thefc 
 people were cannibals, we now made fortle further en- 
 quiries on this fubjedt. A fmall inftrument of wood, 
 bcfct with fliark's teeth, had been purchafed, which, as 
 it rcfembled the faw or knife made ufe of by the favages 
 of New Zealand to dilTcdt the bodies of their enemies, 
 was furpcdled by us to be employed here for the fame 
 purpofc. One of the i danders being queftioned on this 
 point, informed us, that the inftrument above men- 
 tioned fcrved the purpofe of cutting out the flcfhy part 
 of the belly, when any perfon was "flain. This ex- 
 plained and confirmed the circumftance before related, 
 of the man's pointing to his belly. The native, how- 
 ever, from wliom we now received this intelligence, 
 being atkcd whether his countrymen eat the part thus 
 cut out, ftrongly denied it ; but when the queftion was 
 repeated, he Ihcwed fome degree of apprcheniion, and 
 fwam oft" to his canoe. An eUlerly man, who fat fore- 
 moft in the canoe, was then aJked, whether they eat the 
 fleih, and he anfwered in the affirmative. The quedion 
 being put to him afecond time, he again affirmed the 
 fa<fl; adding that it was favoury food. In the evening, 
 about fcven o'clock, the boats returned with a few hogs, 
 fome roots, plantains, and two tons of water. Air. 
 King reported to our Commodore, that the iflandcrs 
 were very numerous at the watering place, and had 
 brought great numbers of hogs to barter; but our peo- 
 ple had not commodities with them fufficient to par- 
 irhafc them all. He alfo mentioned, that the furt had 
 run fo very high, that it was with extreme difficulty our 
 men landed, and afterwards got back into the boats. 
 
 On Saturday, the ■24th, at day-break, we found that 
 our (hip had been carried by the currents to the N. W. 
 and N. fo that the weltern extremity of Atod, bore £. 
 at thedif^ance of one league. A northerly breeze fphin^ 
 iip'foon after, and, expeifling that this would'bring 
 the Difcovery to fea, wefteered for Oncehea*, a neigh- 
 bouring itland, whkh then bore S. W. with a view 6f 
 anchoring there. We continued to Acer for it till pafl 
 •it4evcn, when we were diftant from it about fix miles: 
 -but 'not feeing the Difcovery, we were apprehenfivelett 
 .fome ill coniequcncc might arile from our feparatii^ 
 lb fiir ; wc therefore relinquifhed the defign of vifiting 
 Oneeheow for the prefcnt, and ftood back to Atooi, in- 
 'tetiding to<aft anchor again in the ro^ui, in order to 
 •ttortiplcte our fupply orwater. At two o'clock, the 
 '^northerly wind was focccedcd by calnu and vahabie 
 ■ light airs, which contmued till deven at nighb' 1 We j 
 ' Arctched to the S. E. till early in the morning of the 
 
 ■4$th, when we uckcd .aw) flood in for AtoaL EdafTrl 
 'tod. itot long after, we were joioed ^ thsilhfaovay.fi 
 
 We remained feveral days beating up, but in vain, to re- 
 min our former birth 1 and by the morning of Thurlday, 
 •the 29th, the currents had carried us to the wcftward 
 within nine miles of Oneeheow. Weary with plyinff 
 fo unfuccefsfblly, we laid afide all thoughts of returning 
 to Atooi, and refumed our intention of^paying a vifit to 
 Oneeheow. With this view the mafter was difpatched 
 in a boat 10 found along the coaft, and fearch for a land- 
 ing place, and afterwards frefh water. In the mean 
 time the fhips followed under an eafy fail. The maf- 
 ter, at his return, reported, that there was tolerable an- 
 chorage all along the coaft , and that he had landed in 
 one place, but could not find any frefh water: but be- 
 ing informed by fome of the natives, who had come off' 
 to the fhips, that frefh water might be obtained at a 
 village in fight, we tan down and caft anchor before It, 
 about fix furlongs from the fhore, the depth of water 
 being 26 fathoms. The Difcovery anchored at a greater 
 diftance from the fhore, in 23 fathoms. The fouth- 
 caftern point of Oneeheow bore fouth, 65 deg. E. about 
 one league diftant; and another ifland which we had 
 difcovered the preceding night, named Tahoora, bore 
 S. 61 deg. W. diftant 7 leagues. 
 
 Before we anchored, feveral canoes had come off" to 
 us, bringing potatoes, yams, fmall pigs, and mats. The 
 people refcmbled in their pcrfons the inhabitants of 
 Atooi, and, like them, were acquainted with the ufe 
 of iron, which they afked for bv the names of toe and 
 hamaite, readily parting with all their commodities for 
 pieces of that metal. Some more canoes foon reached 
 our fhips, after they had come to anchor 1 but the 
 iflandcrs who were in thefe had apparently no other 
 objedt, than to make us a formal vifit. Many of them 
 came on board, and crouched down on the deck ; nor 
 did they quit that humble pofture, till they were rc- 
 qucfted to rife. Several women, whom they had brought 
 with them, remained along-fidc the canoes, behaving . 
 with much lefs modefty than the females of Atooi j 
 and, at intervals, they all joined in afbng, which, though, 
 not very melodious, was performed in tne cxadleft con- 
 cert, by beating time upon their breafts with their 
 hands. The men who had come on board did noc 
 continue long with us; and before their departure, fomo 
 of them defired permillion to lay down locks of hair 
 on the deck. This day we renewed the enquiry whe- 
 ther thefe iflanders were cannibals, and the fubjeifl did 
 not arife from aiw queftions put by us, but from a cir« 
 cumftance that fcemed to remove all doubt. One of 
 the natives, who wifhed to get in at the gun-room port; 
 was refufcd, and he then afked, whether we (hould 
 kill and eat him, if he fhould come in? accompanying 
 thia queftion with figns fd expreffive, that we did noc 
 enteruin a doubt with rcfpedt to his meaning. We h^d 
 now an opportunity of retorting the queftion, as to thit 
 pradtice j and a nuui behind the other, in the canoe, in* 
 ftantly replied, that, if we were killed dn fhore, the/ 
 would nOtfcrupIe to eat us ; not that he meant they 
 would deftrov us for that purpofe, but that their devour- 
 ing us would be the confeqdence of our being at en- 
 mity with them. In the afternoon, Mr. Gore was fent 
 with thredarmed boats, in fearch of tlic nltoft commo- 
 dious landing-place (being alfo directed to look foi 
 . f^ih water When he (hould get.aihore. He returned in 
 the evening, aiid reported, that he had landed at the 
 village, andhadbeencondudtedtoawell about half a 
 mile up the country; but that the water (t conuihed 
 was in too fnuU a quantity for our purpofc, and the 
 rood that led to it was extremely bad. 
 -: On Friday, the 30th, Mr. Gore was fent afliore a^iti. 
 with a guard, and a party to trade with the inhabitants 
 .for lefieflimenu. The Captain's intention was to have 
 followed fopn^erwards; and he went from the fliip 
 with that defign 2 but the furf had fo greatly increafed 
 by this'time, tiuKthe wasapprehcnfive, if he got afhore, 
 he ihould not be able to make his way back again. 
 ; This circumftance really happened to our people who 
 had landi»l with Mr. Gorei for the. communication 
 bctween^thtfi^ and the ftiips, by our own boatSi was 
 qoiii^y ftoppcd. They nade a fignal, in the evening, 
 jfor the boatt, ^*bich wcit accotdingiy ftttt j and in * 
 
 (boa 
 
*mmm 
 
 COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fitc. 529 
 
 vain, to re- 
 Thu delay, 
 
 "h plying 
 if returning 
 ig a vifit to 
 airpatchcd 
 for a land, 
 the mean 
 The maf- 
 •Icrable an- 
 landed in 
 r: but he- 
 ld come off' 
 :ained at a 
 r before it, 
 th of water 
 at a greater 
 The fouth- 
 g. E. about 
 ich we had 
 hoora, bore 
 
 lome off to 
 mats. The 
 abitanta of 
 Aih the ufe 
 of toe and 
 Hxlitics for 
 on reached 
 rj but the 
 y no other 
 ny of them 
 deck; nor 
 y were re- 
 lad brought 
 ', behaving 
 1 of Atooi } 
 ich,though. 
 cadled con. 
 with their 
 id did not 
 irture, fomo 
 :ks of hair 
 iquiry whe. 
 rubjea did 
 from a ctr4 
 t. One of 
 'room port} 
 we fliouM 
 ompanying 
 we did not 
 J. Wch^d 
 , astothii 
 canoe, in. 
 ihore, they 
 neant they 
 eir devour, 
 ing at en. 
 re wu fent 
 il comtno- 
 o look foi 
 -eturned in 
 dcd at the 
 out half ft 
 conuitied 
 :, and the 
 
 liore agaiob 
 nhabitantji 
 vas to have 
 ni the (hip 
 increafed 
 got afliois, 
 ack again, 
 eopfe whp 
 nunication 
 boatii was 
 ie evening, 
 ; ftnd in a 
 ibort 
 
 fhort time afterwardi returned with fome good fait, and 
 ft few yams. A confiderable quantity of both thefc ar- 
 llcles had been obtained in the courle of the day; but 
 the furf WM fo exceedingly high)]that thegreatcft part of 
 both had been loft in bringing them off to the boata. 
 The officer and twenty men, not venturing to run the 
 rifque of coming off, remained ail night on fliorc, by 
 wmch unfortunate circumftance, the very thing hap- 
 pened which Captain Cook, at we have already related, 
 fo eagerly wifhed to prevent, and imagined he had 
 guarded effe<!tually againft. However, the violence 
 of the Airf did not deter the natives from coming off 
 in canoei to our (hipi. They brought with them fome 
 refrefhmenu, for which we gave them in exchange, 
 fome naili, and pieces of iron hoops; and wc diftri- 
 * buted among the women in the canoes, buttons, brace- 
 lets, and many pieces of ribbons. Some of the men 
 had reprefcntations of human figures pundlured upon 
 their breaffs, and one of them had a lizard reprefcntcd. 
 Thefe vifitants told us no chief was over this ifland, 
 but that it was fubieQ to one of the chiefs of Atooi, ^ 
 whofe name was Tcncooneoo. Among other articles 
 which they now brought off to us, was a fmall drum, 
 that had a great relcinblancc to thofe of Otahcite. 
 Between ten and eleven o'clock at night, the wind became 
 fbutherly, and the (ky feemed to indicate an approach- 
 ing ftorm. In confequence of thcfe threatening ap- 
 pearances orders were given for the anchors to be taken 
 up; and the (hips being carried into 40 fathoms water, 
 came to aguin in that more fccurc ffation: yet this 
 
 f>roved an unneceffary precaution; for the wind, not 
 ong after, veering to the N. N. E. blew a fre(h gale, 
 with (quails, and violent (howers of rain. This wea- 
 ther continued for the whole fucceeding day, during 
 which the fca ran fo high, that all communication with 
 our party on (hore was totally intercepted, and the 
 idanders themfelves would not venture out to the (hips 
 in their canoes. Towards the evening, the Commo- 
 dore fent the maffer in a boat to the S. E. point of the 
 ifland, to try whether he could land in that quarter. 
 He returned with a favourable report ; but it was now 
 too late to fend for our party, fo that they were obliged 
 to (\ay another night on (bore. 
 
 On Sunday, the ift of February, on the appear- 
 ance of day-light, a boat was di(patched to the S. E. 
 point, with orders to Lieutenant Gore, that, if he could 
 not embark his people from the fpot where they at 
 prefent were, he (hould march them up to the point. 
 The boat being prevented from getting to the beach, 
 one of the crew iwam to the (hore, and communicated 
 the inftrudions. On the return of our boat, Captain 
 Cook went himfelf with the launch and pinnace up to 
 the point, in order to bring off our party from the 
 land. We took with us three goats, one male; the 
 dthers female; a young boar and fow of the Engli(h 
 breed; and alfo the feeds of onions, pumpkins, and me- 
 lons. With great eafc, we landed under the weft fide 
 of the point, where we found our party, in company 
 with fome of the natives. To one of thefe, who a(- 
 fumed fome degree of authority over the reft, the Cap- 
 tain gave the goats, pigs, and feeds. He intended to 
 have left thefe ufcful prefents at Atooi, had -we not been 
 unexpcdedly driven from that ifland. While our peo- 
 
 i)le were employed in (illing fome water-cafks, from a 
 ittle ftream which the late rains had occaiioned. Cap- 
 tain Cook made a (hort excur(ion into the country, 
 accompanied by the iflander above-mentioned, and 
 followed by two others, who carried the pigs. When 
 arrived upon a rifing ground, the Capum ftopped to 
 look around him, and immediately obferved a woman, 
 on the oppofite fide of the valley in which he had 
 landed, aulins out to her coufitrymen who attended 
 him. Upon this the man who adted as chief began to 
 mutter fomethin^, as if he was prayings and the two 
 bearen of the pin continued walking round him all 
 the time, makinff about a dozen circuits before the other 
 had made an end erf his onifbti. This ftrange cere- 
 mony beii^ performed^ th^ proceeded on iheir walk, 
 and met Dcople coming fronp all parts, who upon be- , 
 trig called to by the Oiptaift't attendants, feU proftrate 
 No. 63. . • r I 
 
 on their faces till he was out of fight. The ground 
 over which he paffed, though it was uncultivated and 
 very ftoney.was covered with plants and (hrubs.ibmcof 
 which pernimcdtheair with the mod delicious fragrance. 
 
 Our party who had been detained fo long on (horei 
 found in thofe parts of the ifland they haa traverfed, 
 fcvcral fait ponds, fome of which had a fmall quantity 
 of water remaining, but others had nunc. They faw no 
 appearance of a running ftream; and though in fome 
 fmall wells the frcfli water was pretty good, it fecmcd 
 to be fcarce. The houfes of the natives were thinly 
 inhabited, and fcattered about; and it was fiippofcci, 
 that there were not more than 500 perfons in the whole 
 ifland. The method of living among thefc people was 
 decent and cleanly. No inftance was obferved of the 
 men and women eating together ; and the latter fecined 
 in general to be affociated in companies by themfelves. 
 The only nuts of the dooe dooc arc burned by thefe 
 iflanders for lights during the night ; and they drcfs 
 their hogs by baking them in osem, fplitting them 
 through the whole length of the carcafs. Our people 
 met with a fufhcient proof of the exiftence of the 
 taboo among them t for one woman was employed in 
 feeding another, (he being under that intcrdidion. 
 Several other myflerious ceremonies were alfo obfervedt 
 one of which was performed by a woman, who threw 
 a pig into the furf, which was drowned; (he then tied 
 up a bundle of wood, and difpofcd of it in the fame 
 manner. At another time, the fame female beat a 
 man's flioulders with a ftick, after he had fcatcd him- 
 fclf for that purpofe. An extraordinary veneration 
 feemed tobe |xfid here to owls, which they keep very 
 tame. It is a pretty general pradice among them, to 
 pull out one ot their teeth; and when they were afkcd 
 the reafon of this remarkable cuflom, the only anfwer 
 they gave was, it is tceha; which was alfo the reafcn 
 alTigned by them for giving a lock of hair. After our 
 water caflcs had been filled, and fome roots, fait, and 
 falted fi(h, had been purchafed from the natives, we re- 
 turned on board with all our people, intending to make 
 another vifit to the ifland the next day : but, about fc- 
 ven in the evening, the anchor of our ftiip ftarted, and 
 (he drove off the bank. By this accident, we found 
 ourfelves, at dav-break the next morning, being the 2nd, 
 nine miles to the leeward of our laft (tation; and the 
 Captain forefeeing that it would require more time to 
 re^in it than he chofe to employ, made the fignal for 
 the Difcovery to weigh anchor and join us. At noon 
 both (hips took their departure, and fleered to the 
 northward, in proTecution of their voyage. But before 
 we proceed to the northern hemiiphcrc, in order to 
 make new difcoveries, we (hall prefent the friends and 
 fubfcribers to this hiflory of voyages, with the obfer- 
 vjtions, made by fcveral of our gentlemen, on this 
 
 nole clufter of illes, which Captain Cook diftinguiflicd 
 tjy the name of Sandwich Illands, in honour of the 
 Earl of Sandwich. Thofe which we faw are fituated 
 between the latitude of 21 deg. 30 min. and 32 deg. 
 15 min. N. and between the longitude of 199 deg* 20 
 min. and 201 deg. 30 min. E. 
 
 Thev are not interior in beauty and fertility to the 
 Friendly Iflands in the fouthcrn hemifphere. nor are 
 the inhabitants le(s ingenious or civilized. It is wor- 
 thy of obfervation, that the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, 
 which have been difcovered in the courfc of our late 
 voywes, have been generally found fituate in groups-, 
 the fingle intermediate ifles, hitherto met with, being 
 few in proportion to the reft; though, in all pn^abi- 
 lity, there are many more of them yet unknown, which 
 ferve as gradations or ftcps between the fcvcral cluf- 
 ters. Of what number this new-difcovered archipelago 
 iscompofed, mufl be left to the decifion of future na- 
 
 Zton. We obferved five of them, whole names arc 
 ihoo,At0oi, Onecheow, Oreehoua, and Tahoora. 
 This laft is a fmall elevated ifland, at the diftance of 
 four or five leagues from the S. E. point of Onecheow. 
 We were told, that it abounds with birds, its foleinha- 
 bitants. We alfo gained intelligence of the exiftence 
 of a low uninhabited ifland in the neighbourhddKnamed 
 Tantinaa-pappft. Befides thcfr (ix, we were tiold that 
 6 S there 
 
 i :;i 
 
 I: 
 
 "f^ 
 
530 
 
 Capt. COOK'j VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 P^' ' 1 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 r. 
 
 
 i 
 
 .it 
 
 1 
 
 V 
 
 
 ] 1 
 
 \ 
 
 
 « 
 
 .1 
 
 . a- 
 
 ■( 
 
 there were fonic other ifland* both to the eatlwanl and 
 «eftward. There fecint to be a renwrkablc confor- 
 miiy (obferve* one of our gentlemen) between thefe 
 idamh and thofeof the oppoiite hcmifiihere, itnc only in 
 theirfiiuation.but inthcir number, and in their manners, 
 cunomi.nrt*, and munuradureiol'theinhabitantj j yet,ic 
 can fcarccly be imagined, that they could ever have any 
 communiration, as the olobc is now conftituted, being 
 more that 300u miles uillant one from the other: but 
 from this general conformity among the tropical illand- 
 crs, fomc nave been lid to believe, that the whole mid- 
 dle region of the earth, was once one entire continent, 
 and that what is now the Great South Pacific Ocean 
 was, in the beginninu, the Paradife of the World. 
 
 With ref|iea to Woahoo, the moU eafterly of thefe 
 iflands, feen by us, we could get no other information, 
 than that it ii high land, and inhabited. But as toOnec- 
 heow. Concerning which fomc particulars have been al- 
 ready mentioned, this lies fcvcn leagues to the wc(l- 
 waril of our anchioring-placc nt Atooi, and does not ex- 
 ceed 1 5 It agues, or 45 miles, in circumference. Yams 
 are its principal vegetable production. We procurctl 
 Ibmc fait here, called by the natives patai, which is pro- 
 duced in fait ponds. With it they cure both filh and 
 pork i and fomc fait fiib, which wc purchafcd from 
 thiin were kept very well, and extremely good. This 
 ifland is chiefly low land, except the part oppofitc 
 Atooi, which rifcs immediately from the fea to a confi- 
 (Icrablc height; as docs alfo itsS. K. point, which ter- 
 minates in a round hill. Wc know no other particu. 
 lars concerning Onecheow : and of Orcehoua wc can 
 only fay, that it is a fmall elevated ifland, lying clofe to 
 the north fide of Onecheow. 
 
 Atooi was the principal fcene of our operations, and 
 the largeft ifland wc faw. From our obfcrvations, we 
 think it to be at lead 30 miles in length from K. to W. 
 from whence its circumference m*y nearly be deter- 
 mined, though it appears to be much broader nt the E. 
 than at the W. point. The road, or anchoring place, 
 which our vcflels occupied, is on the S. \V. fide of the 
 ifland, about two leagues from the well end, before a 
 village, named Wymoa. As far as we founded, we 
 found the banks free from rocks; except to the eafl- 
 ward of the village, where there projeds a flioal, on 
 which arc fomc rocks and breakers, lliis road is fomc- 
 what expofed to the trade wind; notwithflanding 
 which, it is far from being a bad (Nation, and greatly 
 fuperior to thofc which ncceflity continually obliges 
 fhips to ufe, in countries where the winds arc not more 
 variable, but more boiflerous; as at Madeira, Tenc- 
 riffe, the Azores, &c. The landing too is not fo diffi- 
 cult at at mod of thofe places; and, unlcfs in foul 
 weather, is always pradicable. The water in the neigh- 
 bourhood is excellent, and may be conveyed with cafe 
 to the boats. But no wood can be cut at any conve- 
 nient diftancc, unlcfs the iflanders could be prevailed 
 upon to part with thcetooa trees, (for that is the name 
 they give to the cordia febadina) that grow about their 
 villages, or a fpecies called dooc dooe, which grows 
 farther up the country. The land docs not in the Icaft 
 rcl'emble, in its general appearance, any of the iflands 
 v\ e have vifited within the tropic of Capricorn ; if we 
 except its hills near the centre, which are high, but 
 Hope gradually towards the fea, or lower lands. Though 
 it prefents not to the view the delightful borders of Ota- 
 hcitc, or the luxuriant plains of Tongataboo, covered 
 u ith trees, which at once afford a ftieltcr from the fcorch- 
 ing rays of the fun, a beautiful jprofpedt to the eye, and 
 J(wd for the natives; yet its poflciTinga greater portion 
 of gently rifing land, renders it, in fomc degree, fuperior 
 to the above-mentioned favourite iflands, as being 
 more capable of improvement. The height of the land 
 w ithin, and the clouds which wc faw, during the whole 
 lime 0} our continuance, hanging over it, ana iwt unfrc- 
 qucntly on the other parts, fcem to indicate that there is 
 4 fuflicicnt fupply of water, and that there arc fomc nm- 
 iiingflreams which we had an opportunity of feeing par- 
 ticularly in the deep vallies, at 'he entrance of which the 
 villages are, ib general, fituated. The ground, fruih 
 the woody part to the fea^ it covered with an excclleot 
 
 kmdof grafs, about two feet in height, which fomc- 
 timcs grows in tufts, and appeared capable of |)eing 
 converted into abundant cn)p5 of line hay. But on this 
 extenlive fpace not even a flirub grows naturally. In 
 the narrow vallev leading to the Morai, the foil ii of a 
 dark brown colour, rather loofc; but on the high 
 ground, it is of a re<ldifli brown, more flift" and clayey, 
 It is probably the fame all over the cultivated parts; 
 for what adhered to«non of the potatoes that we pur- 
 chafed, which, dmbtlefs, came from very ddfcrent 
 fpots, was of this fort. Its quality, however, may In: 
 better eflimated from its produdions, than from its ap- 
 pearances for the vale, ormoift ground, produces taro, 
 much larger than any we had ever fccn; and the more 
 elevated ground furniflies fwcet potatoes, that ftldom 
 weigh lefs than two or three poiinds, and frequently 
 weigh ten, ami fometimcs fourteen pounds. 
 
 Were we to judge of the dinwte from our expe- 
 rience, it might be faid to be \cry variable; for ac- 
 cording to the general opinion, it was, at this time, the 
 feafon of the year when the weather is fuppofcd to be 
 mod fettled, the fun being at his gicatcll annual dif- 
 tance. The heat was now very moderate; and (cw of 
 thofe inconveniences to which many of the countries 
 lying within the tropics arc fubjcd.cithcr'from heat, or 
 moillure, feem to be experienced here. Nor did wc find 
 any dews of confequence: a circumilance which may 
 partly be accounted for, by the lower part of the coun- 
 try being deflitute of trees. The rock that conllitutet 
 the fides of the valley, is a dark grey ponderous ftonc; 
 but honey-combed, with fomcfpots of a rufly colour,a:iii 
 fomc very minute fliining particles interfpcrfcd. It is 
 of an immenfe depth, and fccms to be divided into 
 flrata, though nothing is intcrpofcd; for the large 
 pieces always broke on" to a determinate thicktu-fs, ami 
 (lid not appear to have adhered to thoic that were 
 below them. Other ftones are, in all probability, much 
 more various than in the fouthern iflands. For during 
 the flwrt time we remained here, bcfidcs the lapis ly- 
 dius, we found a fpecies of cream-coloured whetftone, 
 fometimes variegated with whiter or blacker veius like 
 marble ; and common writing-flate, as well as fome of 
 acoarferfort; and the natives brought us fome piecca 
 of a coarfe whitifli pumice done. Wc alfo procured a 
 brown fort of hzmatites, which from its being drongly 
 attraded by the magnet, difcovered the quantity of me- 
 tal it contained. What we faw of this was cut artifi- 
 cially, as were alfo the dates and whetdones. 
 
 Of vegetables, birds, fidi, and tame animals, we favr 
 various kinds. Uefides the vegetables purchafcd by u* 
 as refrediments, among which were, at lead, five or fut 
 varieties of plantaitis, the ifland produces brrad-fruir, 
 and the fugar-cane : the former feems to be fcarce, as 
 we only law one tree of that fpecies; but the latter 
 appears to be indigenous to thefe iflands, and rare ia 
 thofe on the other fide of the line. I'herc are alfo 
 here a few cocoa-palms ; fomc yams; the kappe of 
 the Friendly Ifles, or Virginian arum; the ctooa tree, 
 and odoriferous gardenia, or Cape Jafmine. We faw 
 feveral trees of the dooe dooe, that bear the oily nuts, 
 which arc duck upon a kind of fl(cwer, and made ufe 
 of as candj^s. They are ufed in the fame manner at 
 Onecheow. We were not afliore at Atooi except in 
 the day-time, and then we obfervcd the iflanders wear- 
 ing thefe nuts, hung on drings, round their necks. 
 There is a fpecies of fida, or Indian mallow ; alfo the 
 morinda citrifolia, which is here called none ; a fpecies 
 of convolvulus; the ava, or intoxicating pepper, bc- 
 fides great quantities of gourds. Thefe lad grow to a 
 very large fizc, and arc ren\arkablc for their variety of 
 fhapes, the cdcd, perhaps) of art. Upon the dry fand, 
 about the village grows a plant, that had never bcch 
 feen by us in this ocean, of the fize of a common 
 thiiile, and prickly; but bearing a fine flower, greatly 
 refembling % white poppy. The fcarlct birds, brought 
 for Cile, were i^ver met with alive; but wc faw a final I 
 one, tbotit ^he fize of a canary bird, of a deep crimfon 
 colour. Wc alfo faw a large owl, two brown hawks, o; 
 kiies, and a wild duck. Wc heard from the natives the 
 names 6( fomc other birdfi among which were die 
 
 otoo, 
 

 
 
 
 
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COUK*^ THIRD and LAST VaYAOE-.T* the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 
 
 531 
 
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 0100, or hlueifh heron, and thetoraur, a frtft of >»Wnv 
 brcl. It ii probable that the fpeclei o» liird* are nw 
 meroui, If we may judge by the quantitv of fine yellow, 
 Krcen, and fmall vcfvet-like btackilh fraiheri, ufed upon 
 the cloak^, and other ornamemi wont by thefe peojile. 
 Fifti, and other produdlloni of the fca, were, M appear- 
 ance, not varioui 1 ai, beildet the fmall mackarel, w« 
 only faw common mullets 1 a fpeciei of a chalky co- 
 lour i a fmiill brownifh rock-fifh, aitornctl with blue 
 fpotii a turtle, which was penned up in a pnndi and 
 three or four forts of fifti faked. The few (liclUflfli 
 (ecn by us were chieHy converted into ornaments, 
 though they were drnitutc of the recommendation either 
 of beauty or novelty. The only tame or domeliic ani- 
 mals that we found here Mere hogs, dogs, and fowls, 
 which were all of the fame kind that wc met with at the 
 idiinds of the South Pacific. There are alfo fmall li- 
 zards) nndfome rats, refembling thofe of every ifland 
 we had hitherto viflted. 
 
 The inhabitants of Atooi are of the middle flxe, and 
 not much tattowcd. In general they are ftoutly made, 
 with a lively open countenance 1 but they are remark- 
 able for having neither a beautiful (hape, nor ftriking 
 features. • Their vifage, particularly that of the women, 
 is fomctimcs round 1 but m others longi nor can it juOly 
 be faid, that they are diOinguilhed, as a nation, by any 
 peculiar calt of countenance. Their complexion is 
 nearly of a nut browni but fomc individuals are of a 
 darker hue. We have already mentioited the women 
 as being little more delicate than the men in their for- 
 mation 1 and we may add, that, with few exceptions, 
 they have little claim to thofe peculiarities that didiu- 
 guifli the fex in moft other parts of the world. There 
 IS, indeed, a very remarkable equality in the fi7.e, colour, 
 and figure, of the natives of both fexes : upon the whole, 
 however, they arc far from bcin(]j ugly, and have, to all 
 appearance, few natural deformities of any kind. Their 
 (km is not very foft, nor fliiningi but their eyes and 
 teeth are, for the mod part, pretty good. Their hair, 
 in general, is Hraightt and though its natural colour is 
 lifuaily black, they (lain it, as at the Friendly and other 
 iflands. We perceived but tew indanccs of corpu- 
 lence, and the(e more frequently among the women than 
 the men I but it was principal.'y Anong the latter that 
 perfonal defeats were obferved j though if any of them 
 can lay claim to a (hare of beauty, It appeared to be 
 mod confpicuous among the young men. They are 
 a<5live, vigorous, and mod expert fwimmers ; leaving 
 their canoes upon the mod frivolous occafion 1 diving 
 under them; and fwimming to others, though at a 
 confiderable diftance. We nave freouently fcen women 
 with infants at the bread, when the lurf was fo high as 
 to prevent their landing with canoes, leap overboard, 
 and fwim to the (hore, without endangerii^ their little 
 ones. They appear to be of a frank, chearful difpofi. 
 tion; and are equally free from the fickle levity which 
 charaderizes the inhabitants of Otahcite, and the Te- 
 datc cad, obfervahlc amonj^ many of thofe of Tonga- 
 taboo. They feem to cultivate a fociable intercourfe 
 with each other; and, except the propcnfity to thiev- 
 ing, which is, as it were, innate in mod of the people 
 wchavc vifited in thefe feas, they were extremely friendly 
 to us. And it does no fmall credit to their fenfibility, 
 without flattering ourfelvcs, that when they faw the 
 difllrrcnt article* of our European manufadhires, they 
 could not refrain from expreflingtheiradoniftjment, by 
 t mixture of joy and concern, that fecmed to apply the 
 cafe as a Icflbn of humility to themfelvest and on every 
 occafion, they appeared to have a proper confcioufnelt 
 of their own inferiorit}' ; a behaviour thai equally ex* 
 empts their national charader from the ridiculous 
 pride of the more poliflied Japancfc, and of the ruder 
 native of Greenland. It waspleafing to obferve with 
 what affeftion the women managed their infants, and 
 with what alacrity the men contributed their aflidancc 
 in fucb a tender office t thus didinguifliing themfclvea 
 worn thofe favages who confider a wife and child as 
 things rather neceiTary than dcfirable, or worthy of 
 tfieir regard or edeem. From the numbers that we 
 ftw aflembled at every village, a< w« coafted ahmg. it 
 
 may bec«n|«tflurrd, that the inhabitants of thii illand 
 are pntty numerous, including the draggling houfca, 
 there miy perhaps be, in the whole idand, lixty fuch 
 villages, as that near which our diipa anchored 1 and, 
 if wc alktw Ave pertbna to each houie, there will be, in 
 every village 5001 or 30,000 upo» the illand. This num. 
 iKr is by no aneani esancraccd, for there were foine. 
 times 1000 people, at iMil, coilc^lcd upon the beach 1 
 when it could not bv- fuppofcd that above a tenth pan 
 of the whole were prefent. 
 
 The ordinary drefs of both fexes has been already 
 defcribcd. The women have oden much larger pieces 
 of cloth wram)ed about them, e«rcnding from jull be- 
 low the breads to the hams, am', fometimcs lower 1 and 
 feveral were obferved with pieces thrown loofely over 
 their dfoulders, which covered the grcated part of their 
 body I but the children, w hen very young, ore entirely 
 naked. They wear nothing upon the head 1 hut the 
 hair, both of men and women, is cut in various forms 1 
 and the general fafliion, particularly among the latter, 
 is to have it diort behind, and long before. The men 
 frequently had it cut on each fick in fuch a manner, 
 that the remaining part fomewhat rcfemblcd the cred 
 of their capa, orthat, which, in horfes manes, is called 
 hogging. Both fexes, however. Teemed to be very 
 cardefs about their hair, and had no combs, nor any 
 thing of the kind, to drefs it with. The men fomc- 
 timcs twid it into a number of feparate parcels, like the 
 tails of a wig, each about as thick as a finger 1 though 
 mod of thole which are fo long as to reach far down 
 the back, are artificially fixed upon the head, over their 
 own hair. Contrary to the general pradticc of mod of 
 the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, the inhabitants of the 
 Sandwich Ifles have not their ears perforated, nor do 
 they wear any ornaments in them. Both men and 
 women, howevcr,adorn themfelvcs with necklaces com. 
 pofed of bunches of fmall black cord, like our hat 
 drings, often above a hundred foldt entirely refemb- 
 lins thofe we faw worn at Wateeoo, except that, indead 
 of the two little balls on the middle before, they fix a 
 fmall piece of wood, done, or diell, about two inches 
 in length, with a broad hook, well polidied. Thev 
 have alfo necklaces of many drings of very fmail 
 ihells, or of the dried flowers of the Indian mallow ( 
 and they fometimcs hang round their necks a fmall hu. 
 nuin figure of bone, about the length of three inches. 
 The women likewifc wear bracelets of a fingle ihell, 
 piece* of black wood, with bits of ivory interfperfed, 
 and neatly polidied, fadencd together by a dring 
 drawn cloTcW through them; or others of hogs teeth, 
 placed parallel to each other, with rhe concave part 
 outward, and the poino cut ofl't fomc of which, formed 
 only of large boar's tulks, are very clegaot. The men 
 fomctimea (ix on their heads plumes of feathers of the 
 tropic bird ;orthofc of cockst fadencd round neat po- 
 lidied dicks, two feet in length 1 and, for the lame pur- 
 Ssfc, thev few the (kin of a white dog's tail over a 
 ick, with its tuft at the end. They alfo, not un- 
 frequently, wear on the head a kind of ornament, of the 
 thicfcnefs of a finger, or more, covered with yellow and 
 red ieathen, curioufly varied, and tied behind ; and. 
 on that part of the arm which is above the elbow, a fort 
 of braad.ihcll work, grounded upon net-work. I'he 
 men (bntctimes pundhire themfelvcs upon their hands 
 Of' armi, and near the groin 1 but frequently we faw no 
 marks at alii though a few individuals had more of 
 this fpe^^of ornament than we had ufually fecn at 
 othtnnidac|eB, and curioufly executed in a great va> 
 rieiy M Hiie* iind figure*, on the arms and fore-part of 
 the body. 
 
 Near any of their villages, there is no appearance of 
 defence, or fortifications > and the houfcs are fcattcred 
 about, without the leaft order. Some of thefe habita- 
 tions are hfge and commodious, frofti forty to fifty feet 
 in length, and twenty or thirty in breadth j while others 
 of than are taiwcmptiblc hovels. Their figme refem- 
 bles that of hay.(tacksi or perhaps a better idea may 
 bc'conceivcd of them, by (uppofing the rpof of a barn 
 placed on the ground, m fuch a manner as to form sk, 
 high acute lidge, with two low ftdcs. The gable ac 
 
 each 
 
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 Opt. C O O IL'k V av A O B S \C,Q MP L EiT £. 
 
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 eich end,' corrcfpondtrig to the fidet, tiMkes thefe 
 abodes ctofe all round, j^nd they are well thatched with 
 long grata, ^^hich is \i\d oil flcndcfr polbs. The en« 
 trance is made either in the end or (idc, and is an ob- 
 long bole, extretnely loWi often (huE up by a board of 
 planks, faftened together, which fervesuadoor,; but 
 as it has no hinges, muft be removed oocarionally. No 
 light ent.-rs the houfe Except by thi^ opening; and 
 though frch clofe habitations may be comfortable places 
 of retreai in bad weather, they teem but ill adapted to 
 the warm climate of this country. They arc kept re- 
 markable clean, and the floors are ftrewod with dried 
 crafs, over which mats are fprcad to fit and lleep on. 
 At one end Hands a bench, about three feet high, on 
 which the domeflic'utcnfils arcplnccd. Thefeconfift 
 of gourd fhells, which the natives convert into veflels 
 that fcrve as bottles to hold water, and as bafkets to 
 contain various articles; alfo a few wooden bowls, and 
 tienchers of various fizes. From what we faw growing, 
 and from what was brought to market, we have no 
 doubt, that fweet potatoes, taro, and plantains, confti- 
 tute the principal part of their vegetable diet; and that 
 yams and bread- fruit are rather to be confidered as rari- 
 ties. Of animal food, they appear to be in no want, 
 having great numbers of hogs, .;hich run, without re- 
 Itraint, about the houfes; and, if they dit dogs, which 
 is not improbable, theirfVockof thefefcemed very con-, 
 fidcrable. The quantities of fifliing hooks found among 
 them, indicates that they procure a tolerable fupply of 
 animal food from the fea. They have a cuflom of falt- 
 ing fifti, and likewifc pork, which they prcferve in> 
 gourd-diclls. The fait ufcd for this purpofc is of a 
 rcddiih colour, but not very coarfe, and fcems to be 
 nearly the fame with what our ftragglers found at 
 Chrillmas ifland. Its colour is doubtlefs derived from 
 a mixture of mud. at the bottom of the place where it 
 is found; for fome of it, which had adhered in lumps, 
 was of a tolerable whitcnefs. They bake their vegetable 
 articles of food with heated Rones ; and, from the great 
 quantity which ue faw dreflcd at one time, we imagined, 
 that all the inhabitants of a village, or at leafl a conli- 
 derable number of people, joined in the ufe of a com- 
 mon oven. W<; did not perceive them drefs any animal 
 food at this idand. The only artificial di(h we faw them 
 drefs was a taro pudding, which, though very four, was 
 devoured with avidity by the natives. They cat off a 
 fort of wooden trenchers; and, as far as we were cna- 
 bted to judge from one infhince, tho women, ifreftraincd 
 from feeding on the fame dilh with the n^en, as is the 
 cuftom at Otaheitc, arc at leaft allowed to eat in the 
 fame place near them. 
 
 The amufements of thefe people arc various. We did 
 not fee the dances at which they ufc the feathered cloaks 
 and caps; but, from the motions they made with their 
 hands, on other occafions, when they fung, we judged 
 that they were fimilar to thofe wc met with at the lou- 
 thcrn illands, though not fofkilfully performed. They 
 had not among them either flutes or reeds, arid the only 
 two mufical infhuments, fecn by us, were of an exceed- 
 ing rude kind. One of them does not produce a me- 
 lody fuperior to that of a child's rattle. It confifts of 
 what may be denominated a conic cap inverted, but 
 very little hollowed at the bafe, madeof la fedge-tike 
 plant; the upper part of which, and likewife the edges, 
 are cmbellilhed with beautiful red feathers;. and to the 
 point, or lower part, is fixed a gourd -fhell. Into d»i« 
 they put fomething to rattle, which i«<donc by holding 
 the inftrumeniby the fmall part, and fhakiiW Jtibriikly 
 before the face, at the fame time ftrfting thtbrcaft with 
 the other hand. The other inftrument was a hollow wSM 
 of wood, not unlike a platter, accompanied with two 
 flicks, whereon one of our gentlemen faw a man per- 
 forming. He held one of the ftick^ about two feet in 
 length, with one hand, in <he fame mannei ais iwe hold 
 a violin, and ftnick it with th^Jochtr, which wat fmaller. 
 and rcfembkd a drum-lVick, in a qutckecior fkiwcr 
 meafure, beating with his foot, at the fame time, upon 
 the hollow vcfllei, that lay upon, the. gfoimjlinvencd, 
 and thus producing a tune, thntwas no:, ciilagraeable. 
 ThistnUlk was accohipaniedJby the vocal pertormanec 
 
 bfroAfe^WQinen. whofefiHiRhiKlapleafii^cflVA. Thwr 
 havcgreat numbers of fmall polifhcd rods, of the length 
 !of between four and five feet, rather thicker than the 
 i !r«nuner. of a mufquet, v/ifk ,^ tuft pf long dogs hair 
 fixed on the, fmall end. , Thefe they probably make ufc 
 of in theiii diverfiani. VVc faw a native take one of 
 them in hi* hand, and holding it up, give a fmart flroke, 
 till it was brought into an horizontal pofition, ftriking 
 the ground with his foot, on the fame lidc, and beating 
 his brcaft with his other hand. They play at bowls 
 with pieces of the, whet-ljonc, Ihapcd fomcwhat like a 
 cheefe* but rounded at the edges and fide?, which arc 
 very neatly poliflied. They have other bowls made of 
 a reddifh-brown clay, glazed over with a compofition 
 of the fame colour, or of a dark-grcy coarfe flatc. They 
 alfo ufe as quoits, fmall, flat, roundifli pieces of writing 
 flate, fcarcely a quarter of an inch thick. 
 
 As to the manufadures of thefe people, they difcover 
 an extraordinary degree of ingenuity and neatnefs. 
 Their cloth is made from the moms papyrifera, and, 
 doubtlefs, in the fame manner, as at Tongataboo and 
 Otaheite; for we bought fome of the grooved flickt 
 with which they beat it. Its texture, however, though 
 thicker, is inferior to that of the cloth of cither of the 
 places juft mentioned ; but, in colouring or llaining it, 
 the inhabitants of Atooi difplay a fupcriority of talle, by 
 the infinite variety of figures which they execute. Their 
 Qotours, indeed, are not very bright, except the red j 
 but the regularity of the figures and ilripcs is amazing, 
 forr as far as wc know, they have nothing like (lamps 
 or prints, tc make the imprcflions. Wc had no oppor- 
 tunity of learning in what manner they protluce their 
 colours; but, beiides the variety of variegated forts, 
 they have fome pieces of plain white cloth, and others 
 of a (ingle colour, particularly light blue, and dark 
 brown. In general, the pieces brought to us were 
 about the breadth of two feet, and four or five yards in 
 length, being the form and quantity made ufc of by 
 them for the common drefs, or maro; and even fome 
 of thefe were compoliid of pieces fewed together. The/ 
 have alfo a .particular fort that is thin, and greatly rc- 
 fcmblcs oil-cloth, ard which is either oiled, or foaked 
 in fome kind of varniih. Tiiey fabricate numbejs of 
 white mats, which are (Irong, with many red ftripcs, 
 rhombufcs, and other figures interwoven on one fide. 
 Thefe, in all probability, make, occaiionally, a part, 
 of their drefj, for when they ofl'ered them to fale they; 
 put them on their backs. They manufadure others of 
 a coarfer fort, plain aad flrong, which they fpread over 
 their floors to fleep upon. They flain their courd- 
 fhells neatly with undulated lines, triangles, and other 
 figures of a ;black colour. , They alfo feem to be ac- 
 
 Suainted with the art of varnilhing, for feme of their 
 Hined gourd-fhells are covered with a fort of lacker; 
 and, on other occalions, they make ufe of a flrong flzc, 
 or glutinous fubflance, to faftcn things together. Their 
 wooden difhes and bowls, out of which they drink their 
 ava, are of the Etooatree, extremely neat and well po- 
 lifhed. They likewife make fmall fquare fans of mat 
 or wicker-work, with handles of the fame, or of wood, 
 tapering from them, which are curioufly wrought with 
 (mall cords of hair, and cocoa-nut fibres, intermixed. 
 Their fifhing hooks are ingenioufly made, fome of bone, 
 many of pearl-fhell, and others of wood, pointed with 
 borte. The bones are for the moft part fmall, and confift 
 of two pieces, and the various forts have a barbe, either 
 on the infide, like ours, or on the outlide ; but others 
 have both, the exterior being farthcft from the point, 
 Of the latter fort one was procured, nine inches in 
 length, made of a fingle piece ofbonc, the elegant form 
 and polifli of which could not be exceeded by any Eu- 
 ropean artift- They polilh their flones by conlant 
 fridion, with pumice (lone in water; and fuch of thf i|: 
 tools as we faw, refemblcd thofe of the fouth«r|t 
 Ulanders, Their hatchets, or rather adzes, w^e ex- 
 adlly of the lime pattern, formed either of a bjackifji 
 Root, or of a clay-coloured one. They have alio fmal^ 
 inflruments gimpofed of a fingle (bark's tooth,. To ne of 
 which arc fixed to the fore -part of the jaj»'7boac of ^ 
 dogj and «bcr* 19 a jhin wooden handle of a fimilar 
 ° Ihapc ; 
 
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 COOK'S THIRD aod LAST VOYAGE-^To the PABIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 533 
 
 
 U 
 
 iliapc; and at the other end there i* a bit of firing 
 taftcncd through a little hole. Thcfe fervc occafionaily 
 as knives, and are probably ufcd in carving. The only 
 iron tools feen among them, and which they poflifltKl 
 before our arrival, were a piece of iron hoop, about the 
 length of two inches, fitted into a wooden handle; and 
 another edge-tool, which we fuppofed to have been 
 made of the point of a broad fword. Their having the 
 adlual policflmn of thefc, and their being well acquauited 
 with the ufe of this metal, inclined fome of our people 
 lo imagine, that we were not the firft European vifiiors. 
 of thefe iflands. Vm the very great furprize which they 
 tcftificd on feeing our (hips, and their perfedl ignorance 
 of the ufe of fire-arms, cannot be reconciled with fuch 
 an opinion. There are fcveral means by which fuch 
 people may obtain pieces of iron, or acquire the know- 
 ledge of the exiltcnce of that metal, without having had 
 an immediate conncdion with thofe nations that ufe it. 
 We, doubt not, that it was unknown to all the inhabj> 
 tants of the Pacific Ocean, till Magellan led the way 
 into it ; for no navigator, immediately after his voyage, 
 found any of this metal in their poirelTionj though, in 
 the couric of our late voyages, it has been remarked, 
 that the ufe of it was known at fcver^^l^^flands, which no 
 former European vcfTtls had ever,,io our knowledge, 
 vifitcd. At all the places where Mendana touched, 
 durin,!^ his two voyages, fome of it muft have been left-, 
 and this, would, doubtlcfs, extend the knowledge of it 
 to :;ll the various iflands, with which the people, whom 
 he vilitcJ, Ivid any immediate intercourfe. It might 
 even have been carried farther, and where (pecimens 
 of this valuable article could not be met with, defcrip- 
 tions might, in fome degree, fcrve to make it known 
 afreruards, when feen. The next voyage to the fouth-; 
 ward of the Etjuator, in w hich any intercourfe was had 
 with the people who inhabit the iflands of this ocean, 
 was that of Quiro«, who landed at Sagittaria, the ifland 
 of handfome people, and at Tierra del Efpiritu Santo, 
 at all which plai cs, da well as at thofe with which they 
 bad any communication, it muft undoubtedly have 
 been made known. To him fucceeded, in this navi- 
 gation, l,e Mairc, and Schouten, whofc connedions 
 with the natives began much farther to the Eaftward, 
 and terminated at Cocos and Horn iflands. It is cer- 
 tain, that the inhabitants of Otaheite and- the Society 
 illes, had a knowledge of iron, and purchafed it with 
 the greatcft avidity, when Captain Wallis difcovered 
 Otaheite : and they could only have acquired this 
 Jmowledgc through the mediation of thofe neighbour- 
 ing iflands at which it had been originally left. They 
 acknowledge, indeed, that this was really the cafes and 
 they have finC#informed us, that they held it in fuch 
 cflimation, before the arrival of Captain Wallis,, that . 
 an Otaheitean chief, who had gained pofTefTion of two 
 nails, received no fmall emolument, by letting out the 
 ufe of them to his neighbours, for the purppfe of boring 
 holes. The natives of the Society ifles, whom we found 
 ■at Watceoo, had been driven to that place long after 
 the knowledge and ufe of iron had been thus introduced 
 among their countrymen ; and though, perhaps, they 
 had no fpecimen of it with them, they would naturally 
 communicate at that ifland. by defcription, their know- 
 ledge of this ufcful metal. From the people of Wateeoo, 
 again, thofe of Harvey's ifland might derive that incli- 
 nation for it, of whi«;h we had fulficicnt proofs during 
 our (hort intercourfe with them. l*he oonfideration of 
 thcfe facts will fhew how the knowledge of iron has 
 been conveyed throughout the Pacific Ocean, to iflands 
 that have never had an immediate connexion with Eu- 
 ropeans ; and it may cafily be imagined, that, wherc- 
 ever the hiftory of it only has been reported, or a very 
 bconfidcrable quantity of it has been left, the greater 
 eagerncfs will be (hewn by the inhabitant* to procure 
 l>lcntiful fupphcs of it. The application of thefe par- 
 ticulars, to the objcaof ourprefcnt confideration, is 
 inanifeft. 1 he natives of Atooi and Onocheow. with- 
 out having ever been vifitcd by Europeans before us, 
 might have received this metal from intermediate 
 HTands, (ituatcd between them and the Ladrones, which 
 the Spaniards have frequented almoft ever iince the oe- 
 , No. 65. '^ 
 
 riod of Mageiliw'a voyage. Or, if the diftant weftern 
 ppfition of the Ladronea, (hould dctrad from the pro- 
 bability of thi< iblution, is there not the American con- 
 tinent to windward, where the Spaniards h^ve been 
 fettled for upwaida of two centuries and a half, durjng 
 which long fpace of, time (hipwrecks mUfl frequently 
 have happened ^ its coalh? It cannot be deemed fur- 
 prizing, that part of fuch wnecks, conuining iron, 
 (hould, by the eafterly trade winds, be occafionaTly caft 
 upon fome of thofe iflands that are fcattered about this 
 immenfe ocean. The diflancc of Atooi from America 
 is no argument againfl this fuppofitionis and even if ic 
 were, it would deltrw it. This ocean is annually tra- 
 verfed by Spanifh vefTels, and it is highly probable that, 
 betides the accident of lofing a mafl and its appendages, 
 calks wixh iron hoops, and many other things that con- 
 tain irot^, may fall, or be thrown, overboard, during, 
 fo long a pafttge, and thus ftnd their way to land. 
 Thefc are not mere conjedhircs, for one of Captain 
 Cook's people adually faw fome wood in a houfc at 
 Wymoa, which he fuppofed to be fir: it was' worm- 
 eaten, and the natives informed Him, that it had been 
 driven afliore by the wavesj and we had their own ex- 
 prefs authority, that they had obuined, from fome 
 place to the eaftward, the fpecimens of iron found 
 among them. From this digreffion (if it can juflly be 
 called one) let us return to the obfervations made during 
 our continuance at Atooi. 
 
 The canoes of thefe people are commonly about four 
 and twenty feet, in length, and have the bottom, in 
 general, formed of a fmgle piece of wood, hollowed 
 out to the thicknefs of an inch, or more, and brought 
 to a point at each end. The fides are compofed of 
 three boards, neatly fitted and lathed to the bottom. 
 The extremities both at head and ftern, are a little ele- 
 vated, and both are made fliarp, fomewhat refembling 
 a wedge, but they flatten more abrupdy ; fo that the 
 two fide boards jorn each other, fide by fide,^ for up- 
 wards of a foot. As they feldom exceed a foot and a 
 half in breadth, thofe that go finglc (for they fometimes 
 join them) have out-riggers, which are (haped and 
 fitted with more judgment than any we had feen before. 
 They arc rowed by paldles, fuch as we had obferved 
 at other iflands, and fome of them have a liglit trian- 
 gular fail, extended to a maft and boom. The ropes 
 which they ufe for their boats, and the fmaller cords 
 for their fifhing tackle, are ftrong and neatly made. 
 They are by no means novices in the art of agriculture. 
 The vale-ground is one continued plantation of taro, 
 and fome other articles, which, have all the appearance 
 of being carefully attended to. The potatoe-nelds, and 
 i'pocs of fugar cane, or plantains, on the higher grounds, 
 are planted with great regularity ; but neitner thefe, nor 
 the others, are enclofed with any fence, unle(s we con- 
 fider the ditches in the low grounds as fuch, which, it 
 is more than probable, arc defigned to convey water to 
 the tsro. The abundance and excellence of thefe arti- 
 cles ma/; perhaps, be as much owing to (kilful culture, 
 as the natural fenility of foil, which feems better adapted 
 to them than to bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees; the' 
 few of thefe latter we faw not being in a thriving (late : 
 and yet, notwithftanding this fluli in agriculture, the 
 ifland, from its general appearance feemed to be ca- 
 pable of more extenfive improvement, and of main- 
 taining twice as many inhabitants as are now upon it;, 
 for thofe parts that now lay wafteare, apparently, as 
 good, a foil, as thofe that are cultivated. Hence we 
 caitnot but conclude, that thefe people do not increafe 
 in that proportion, which would render it neceiTary for 
 th^m to take advantage of the extent of their ifland, 
 towards raifing a greater quantity of its vegeiabh pro* 
 dudions for their maintenance. 
 
 During our (lay in thele puts, we did not fee one 
 chief of any note; but we were informed by the iflandcrs, 
 that feveral at Atooi have their refidence, to whom they 
 proftrate themfelves as a inark of homage and refped. 
 This proflration appeared fimilar to the moe moca, 
 paid to the chiefs at the friendly iflands, and is here 
 denominated hamoea, or mo». Aftto yfc l^d left the 
 ifland, one of thefc great men vifitcd Captaiin Clerk, 
 
 6 T going 
 
 '. k 
 
 I \ 
 
 I * 
 
 :h 
 
 ,! 
 
 V r J' 
 
 s 
 
 1 s it 
 
534 
 
 Capt. C^ OK's- V O Y AGE S COMPLETE. 
 
 goi 
 rik« 
 
 .V 
 
 flit 
 
 , pii 
 
 
 ing off t» tfic Difcovcry, iri His doilble canoe, and, 
 ike the fovcreign of the Friendly Ifles, paid no regard 
 to the fmall canoes that chanced to be in his way, but 
 rtn agarnft, or over them, without makitw the lead 
 attempt to avoid them: nor was it poflible for the poor 
 people to avoid him, it being a ncceflary mark of their 
 liibmiflioii, that they Ihould lie down till he had pafled. 
 He was aflifted in getting on board the Difcovery by 
 his attendants, who placed him in the rane-way, where 
 they ftood round him, holding each other by the hands, 
 nor would they fuffer any Qnc nut Captain Gierke to ap- 
 proach him. He was a young man, apparelled from 
 head to foot. His name was faid to be Tamahano. 
 Captain Gierke having made him fomc prefenits, re- 
 ceived, in return, a large bowl, fupported by two 
 figures of men, the carving whereof difplayed a decree 
 or fkill, both with refpedl to the dcfrgn and execution. 
 This bowl ufcd to be filled with Kava, or, in the Ian- 
 guagc of Otaheite, Ava, which is prepared and drank 
 here, as at tbe other iftands of the Piicific ocean. Cap- 
 tain Gierke could^ot prevail upon this chief to go below, 
 nor to move from the fpot where his attendants had firft 
 placed him. After remaining fome time in the fliip, 
 he was carried back into his canoe, and returned to the 
 ifland. The next day feveral melTagcs were fcnt to 
 Captain Gierke, inviting him to return the vifit on 
 Ihorc, and giving him to underftand, that the chief had 
 prepared a conHdcrable prefent on theoccafioni but 
 the Captain being anxious to get out to fca, and join 
 the Rcfolution, did not think proper to accept of the 
 invitation. 
 
 Our impcrfcifl intcrcourfe with the natives did not 
 enable us to form an accurate judgment of the form of 
 government eftablifticd among them; but from the ge- 
 neral fimiiarity of cui\oms, and particularly from what 
 wc obferved of the honours paid to their chiefs, it feems 
 realbnable to imagine, that it is of the fame nature with 
 that which prevails in all the iflands we had hitherto 
 viflted; and, in all probability, their wars among 
 themfelvrs are equally frequent. This, indeed, might 
 be inferred, from the number of weapons we foundin 
 their polTclTion, and from the excellent order in which 
 they kept them. But we had proofs of thp faft from 
 their own confeflion ; and, as we were informed, thefe 
 wars are carried on between the different dillridls of 
 their own ifland, as well as between it and the neigh- 
 bouring inhabitants of the ifles of Oneeheow and 
 Oreehoua. 
 
 Beltdes their (jpcars, formed of a fine brownifh wood, 
 beautifiilly polilned, fome of which are barbed at one 
 end, and flattened to a point at the other, they have 
 another kind of weapon, which we had never met with 
 before. It fomewhat refembles a dagger, and is, in 
 general, about eighteen inches in length, fharpened at 
 one or both ends, and fecured to the hand by a firing. 
 Its ufe is to flab in dofe combat, and feems well adapt^ 
 to that purpofc. Some of thefe may be denominated 
 double daggers, having a handle in the middle, with 
 which they are the better enabled toflrikediffei'entwajis. 
 They have likewife bows and arrows; but, both fhim 
 their flender conftrudion, and their apparent fcarci^^, 
 it is probable that they never make ufe of them m 
 battle. The knife or faw, already mentioned, with 
 which they diffedt the dead bodies of their enemies, 
 may alfo be ranlced among their weapons, as they both 
 ffrike and cat with ic When engaged in clofc light. It 
 is a fmall wooden inftrument, ab6u( a foot in length, 
 cif an oblong fhape, hninded at the comers: its edges 
 are flirroundcd with fhark's teeth, flrongly fixed to it, 
 inA pointed outuTirds; and it has generally a hole in 
 the handle, through which paffes a long firing, and 
 this they wrap fi:vcral times eourid the wrifl. We are 
 of opinion tliat, on fome ofccaflons, they ufe flings, for 
 we procured Ibme pieces of the haematites, at blood- 
 fione, made artificially of an oval fbtm, divided longi- 
 tudinally, with a narrow groove in the middle of the 
 convex jMut. To this the pcrfon who had one of them 
 applied a thin cord, but would riot difpofe of it, though 
 Ilk was not iin'iiilling to port *ith the flone. which, a* 
 •rwci|^hed a pound, muff prove btal when thrown with 
 
 fomc degree of force. We likewife fiw fome piece* of 
 whetflone neatly poliflicd, of an oval tigure. but fome- 
 what pointed towards each end, nearly refcmbling in 
 fhape fome flones feen by Captain Cook at New Cale- 
 donia in 1774, and made ufe of there in flings. 
 
 Some of Their religious inllitutions, and their method 
 of difpofing of their dead, flrongly indicate an affinity 
 between the manners of thefe people, and of the natives 
 of the Friendly and the Society iflands. The inhabi- 
 tants of Tongataboo bury their dead with great de- 
 cency, and they alfo inter their human facrifices ; but 
 they do not, to our knowledge, olftr any other animal, 
 or even vegetable, to their deitic*' j The Otaheiteans 
 do not inter their dead, but expofe them to wafte and 
 putrefadlion, though they afterwards bury the bones ; 
 and this being their cuflom, it is remarkable, that they 
 fhould inter the Ixxlies of their humin facrifices. They 
 are far from being attentive to the condition of the 
 places, where they celebrate their fulcmn rices; moflof 
 their morals being in a ruinous ftate, and (hewing ma- 
 nifefl tokens of negledl. The people of Atooi rclcmble 
 alfo thofe of Otaheite. in offering vegetables and ani- 
 mals to their Gods. The Taboo likewife prevails in 
 Atooi in its full extent, and apparently with grc.itcr 
 flritflnefs, than even at Tongataboo: for the natives 
 always afked here, with great eagernefs, and with indi- 
 cations of fear of offending, whether any particular 
 thing, which they defircd to fee, was taboo, or, as they 
 
 Eronounced the word, tafoo? The maia raa, or prohi- 
 ited articles, at the Society iflands, thougli undoubt- 
 edly the fame thing, did not appear to be lb rigoroufly 
 obferved by them, except with regard to the dead, rc- 
 fpedling whom wc thought they were more fuperflitious 
 than any others we had been convcrfant uith. But 
 whatever refemblance we might difcover between the 
 general manners of the inhabitants of Atooi, and thof<; 
 of Otaheite. thefe were lefs flriking than the iimilarity 
 of language. 
 
 The languages of both places may indeed be faid to 
 be almofl entirely the fame. The people of Atooi, in 
 general, have neither the flrong guttural pronunciation 
 of the New-Zealanders, nor that fmaller degree of it, 
 which alfo diflinguiflies the Friendly Iflanders; and they 
 have not only adopted the whole idiom of their lan- 
 guage, but tne fame meafure and cadence in their fongs. 
 It is true, at firll hearing, a flranger may perceive fome 
 difagreement ; but it fhould be confidered, that the iia- 
 tives of Otaheite, from their frequent connexions with 
 the Englifli, had learned, in fome meafure, to adapt 
 themfelves to our imperfedl knowledge of their lan- 
 guage, by ufing the mod common and even corrupted 
 expreflions in converfation with us; wheftas, when they 
 taliced with each other, and ufcd the feveral parts ne- 
 ceflary to propriety of fpeech, they were hardly at all 
 underflood by thofe among us. who had made the 
 greatefl progtefs in the knowledge of their tongue. 
 
 Hid the Sandwich Iflands been difcovered at an 
 early period, by the Spaniards, they would doubtlefs 
 have availed themfelves of fo excellent a fituation, and 
 have made ufe of ^tooi, or fome other iflands, as a 
 place of lefrefhment for the fhips that fail annually be- 
 tween Manilla and Acapulco. They lie almoft mid- 
 way between the lafl mentioned place and Guam, one 
 of the Ladrones, which is at prefent their only port in 
 traverftng this vaft ocean j and to touch at them would 
 not be X week's fail out of their ordinary rout. An 
 acquaiintancc with the Sandwich Ifles would alfo have 
 been equally fiivourablc to our Buccaneers, who have 
 fometimes paffed from the coaft of America to the 
 Ladrones, with a flock of provifions and water fcarcely 
 adequate to the fupport of life. Here they might al- 
 ways have met with a plentiful fupply, and have been 
 ' within a month's fail of the very part of Calitorrn", 
 which thi Manilla fhips are obliged to make. How 
 happy would Lord Anfon have been, and what ditti- 
 Icuines wduW he have avoided, had he known that there 
 was a chiller of iflands halfway between America and 
 Tinian, whete all his wants might have been eftcdually 
 
 At thcfc iflands, the tides are fo inconfiderable, that 
 
COOK'S THIRD ahd LAST VQVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6cc. SM 
 
 c piccci of 
 but fomc- 
 mbling in 
 New Calc- 
 gs. 
 
 eir method 
 an aflRiiit/ 
 the natives 
 'he inhabi- 
 
 prcBt de- 
 ihcct; but 
 ler animal, 
 Dtaheiteans 
 
 waflc and 
 the bones i 
 e, that the^ 
 ices. They 
 tion of the 
 csj mod of 
 icwing ma- 
 oi rclcmble 
 cs and ani- 
 prevails in 
 kith greater 
 the natives 
 i with indi- 
 f particular 
 , or, as they 
 , or prohi- 
 h undoubt- 
 b rigoroufly 
 le dead, rc- 
 ruperflitious 
 uith. But 
 between the 
 i, and thof< 
 ne fimilarity 
 
 d be faid to 
 
 )f Atooi, in 
 ronunciation 
 legrec of it, 
 :rs; andthejf 
 f their lan- 
 I their fongs. 
 crccive foBoe 
 that the na- 
 irdlions with 
 e, to adapt 
 if their lan- 
 n corrupted 
 s, when they 
 ■al parts ne- 
 hardly at all 
 d made the 
 :ongue. 
 ivcrcd at an 
 Id doubtlef* 
 ituation, and 
 flands, as a 
 annually be- 
 almod mid- 
 Guam, one 
 only port in 
 them would 
 y rout. An 
 ltd alfo have 
 r», who have 
 lerica to the 
 naierfcarcely 
 ey might al- 
 id have been 
 )f California, 
 make. How 
 i what diffi- 
 iwn that there 
 America and 
 :en cffeaually 
 
 idcrable, that 
 vitk 
 
 E 
 
 With a great furf breaking apinft the ihore, it was dif- 
 ificult, at all times to determme whether we had high or 
 low water, or whether it ebbed or flowed. On the fouth 
 fide of Atodi, a curi-ent generally fet to the weft ward, or 
 horth-weftward: but when we were at Anchor off" Onec- 
 hcow, we found a current fctting nearly N. W. and 
 S.TJ. fix hour* each way. This was doubtlefs a re- 
 
 Klar tide, and the flood appeared to come frorii the 
 
 The longitude of Sandwich Iflands, was determined 
 by 72 fets of lunar obfervationsi fome of which were 
 made while we were at anchor, in the road of Wymoa ; 
 tothers, before we arrived and after we had left it, and 
 reduced to it, by the watch or time-keeper. By the 
 mean refult of the obfcrvations, the longitude of the 
 road is 200 deg. 13 min. E. and the latitude, by the 
 mean of two meridian dbfervations of the fun 21 dcgi 
 56 min. 1 5 fee. N. We now return to the progrcfs of 
 our voyage. 
 
 On Monday, the 2nd of February, the Difcovery hav- 
 ing joined us, we flood away to the northward, with a 
 jentle gale from the E. On the 7th we were in the 
 atitude of 29 deg. N. longitude 200 deg. E the 
 wind having veered to the S. E. which enabled us to 
 fleer N. E. and E. This courfe we continued to the 
 12th, when the wind having changed, we tacked, and 
 flood to the northward, in latitude 30 deg. N. longitude 
 306 deg. 1 5 min. E. In this advanced latitude, and 
 even in the winter feafon, we had only begun to feel a 
 fcnfation of cold in the mornings and evenings ; a proof 
 of the equal and durable influenceof the heat of the fun, 
 at all times, to 30 degrees on each fide the line. After 
 that, the difproportion is known to be very great. This 
 muft be attributed principally to the dircdion of the 
 fun's rays, independent of the bare diftancc, which is 
 not equal to the effc<S. On Thurfday the 19th, being 
 in latitude 37 deg. N. longitude 206 deg. £. the wind 
 veered to the S. E. and we were again enabled to fleer 
 to the E. inclining to the N. On the 2 jth, we reached 
 the latitude of 42 deg. 30 min. longitude 219 deg. when 
 we began to meet with the rock-weed, mentioned in 
 Lord Anion's voyage, by the name of the fea-Ieek, 
 which is generally leen by the Manilla fliips. Since 
 we left Sandwich Iflands, we had fcarcely beheld a bird, 
 or any other oceannic animal. 
 
 On Sundajr, the ift of March, in latitude 44 deg. 49 
 min. N. and in longitude 228 deg. E. we had moderate 
 and mild weather, which appeared to us very extraor- 
 dinary, when we were fo far N. and fo near an exten- 
 live continent, at this time of the year. Another fin. 
 milar circumflance is, that we fliould meet with fo few 
 birds, compared to thofe we faw in the fame latitudes, to 
 the S. of the line. Hence we may conclude, that, in 
 the fouthern hemifphere, beyond 40 deg. the fpecies 
 arc much more numerous, and the iflands more plen- 
 tifully fcattered, than any where near that latitude, be- 
 tween the coafl of California and Japan. On the 
 morning of the 2nd, during a calm, part of the fea ap- 
 peared to be covered with a kind of flime, and finall 
 lea animals. When they fwam about, which they did 
 with cafe in various diredHons, they emitted the brighteft 
 coloun of the mofl valuable gems, according to their 
 pofition, refpedling the light. Some of them were 
 taken up and put into a glafs of fait water, when, at 
 Ane time, they appeared pellucid, at another difplaying 
 the various tints of blue, from a pale faphirinc to a vio- 
 let, mixed with a kind of ruby, and glowing with fufli- 
 eient flrength to illuminate the glafs of water. When 
 the veflel was held to the flrongefl light, the tints ap. 
 pcared mofl vivid; butalmoft vaniflied when Lheani- 
 mals fubfided to the bottom, and they had then a 
 brownifli appearance. By candle-light, the colour was, 
 principally, a beautiful pale green, with a kind of bur- 
 Ailhedglofs: and, in the dark, it faintly exhibited a 
 glowing fire. Thw are a new fpecies of Onifius, called 
 by Mr. Andcrfon, OnifcusJidgeHs, and fuppofed to be an 
 animal which contributes to that lucid appearance ofcen 
 oblervcd at fea in the night. 
 
 On Friday the 6th, at noon, in latitude 44 deg. N. 
 longitude 334 deg. 30 min. £. we (aw two Teals, and fc- 
 
 veral whales ; and oh the 7th, early in the morning, the 
 long cxpeifted cOaft of New Albion, fo named by Sir 
 Francis Drake, was defcried, at the diflance of ten 
 leagues, extending from N. E. toS. E. At noon we 
 were in latitude 44 deg. 13 initi. N. longitude 235 deg; 
 20 min. E. and the land about eight leagues diflant. 
 This formed a point at the northern extreme, which 
 our Commodore named Cape Fonlweather, from the 
 exceeding bad weather we afterwards met with. After 
 feveral attempts attended with many diflicultifs, ort 
 Monday the ^th, we tdcked, and flood in again for the 
 land; but the wind continually fliifting, and blowing in 
 fquallst with bail and fleet, obliged u^ to fland olT and 
 on, without feeing the leaft fign of a harbour. The 
 land which we approached on our different tacks, is 
 moderately high, but, in many places, \v rifes ftilt 
 higher within. It is diverfified with hills and rifiiig 
 grounds, many of which arc covered with tall ftraight 
 tries 1 and others, not fo high, grew in fpots, like clumps^ 
 but the fpacei between, and the fides of the rifing 
 grounds were clear. Such a profpedl in fummer might 
 be very agreeable, but at this feafon, it had an uncom- 
 fortable appearance, the bare grounds along the coaft 
 being covered with fnow, wnich fecmed to lie in 
 abundance between the hills and rifing grounds, and 
 in many places, towaiils the fea, had, at a diftancc, the 
 appearance of white cliffs. On the rifing grounds, the 
 fnow was thinner fpread ; and farther in land, thcrtf 
 fcemed to be none at all. Hence it might, perhaps, be 
 concluded, that the fiiow which we had fecn towards the 
 fea, had fallca the preceding night ; which was, in- 
 deed, the coldeft we had experienced fince our arrival 
 cnthatcoaft; a kind of fleet fell fometimesj and the 
 weather became very unfcttled. The coaft appeared al- 
 moft ftraight in every part, not having any opening or 
 inlet, and terminated in a kind of fandy beach j though 
 it was imagined by fome on board, that fuch appear- 
 ance was owing to the fnow. Each extreme of the land 
 (hot out into a point i the northern one was that which 
 we had feen on the 7th, and therefore the Captain called 
 it Cape Perpetua. Its latitude is 44 deg. 6 min. N. 
 and its longitude 235 deg. 52 min. E. The fouthern 
 extreme was named Cape Gregory. It lies in the lati- 
 tude of 43 deg^3omin. N. and in the longitude of 235 
 deg. 57 min. E. At five o'clock the wind veered totnt! 
 W. and S. W. which induced us once more to ftand out 
 to fea. At this time Cape Perpetua bore N. E. by N. 
 and the fartheft land to the S. of Cape G rcpory S. by E* 
 diflant about ten or twelve leagues : confcqu<fntIy, its 
 latitude is 43 deg. 10 min. and its longitude 235 deg. 
 5^ min. E. This is nearly the fituation of Cape Blanco, 
 difcovered the 19th of January 1603, by Martmd'Agu'- 
 lar. It is remarkable that in this very latitude, ^co- 
 ographers have placed a large entrance or ftrait, afcrib- 
 ing the difcovery of it to the fame navigator; whereas 
 nothing more is mentioned in his voyage, than his hav- 
 ing difcovered a large river in this fituation, which he 
 would have entered, but was hindered by the currents. 
 
 The wind being now very unfcttled, blowing in 
 fqualls, attended with fnow fhowers, we were obliged 
 to flretch to the foUthward to get clear of the coafli 
 On Friday, the 13th, the gale abated, and we flood iri 
 again for land. On Saturday, the 2 1 ft in the mornings 
 a breeze fpruhg up at S. W* This being attended 
 with fair weather, we fleered north-eaflerly ; and on 
 the 22nd, about eight o'clock A. M. we came in fight 
 of land, diflant about nine leagues, being now in lati- 
 tude 47 deg. J min. N. and our longitude 235 deg. 10 
 min. E. At length we perceived a fmall opening be- 
 tween what we fuppofed to be an ifland, and the 
 northern extreme of the land ; here we expeded toi 
 find a harbour; but our hopes vanifhed as we drew 
 nearer; and, we were foon convinced, that the open- 
 ing was clofed by low land. Our difappointment oc^ 
 cafioned the point of land, to the north, to be named 
 Cape Flattery. Its latitude is 48 deg. 1 5 min. N. and 
 its longitude 23 c dec. 3 min^ E. In this latitude geo- 
 
 Praphers have placed the pretended flrait of Juan de 
 uca. But nothineof that kind prefented itfelf to our 
 view, nor is it probable that any fuch thing ever exifted. 
 
 Oil 
 
 ' III 
 
 *l 
 
HI 
 
 J36 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ri\ 
 
 h ■ I 
 
 
 On Sunday, the 39Ch, we were in latitude 49 dcg. 
 39 min. N. and in the longitude of 3j2 deg. 39 min. 
 E. when we again fjw land, the nearefl part ux leagues 
 diftant. A low jioint is formed, at the S. E. extreme, 
 off which arc feveral breakers, on account of wh h it 
 was called Point Breakers. Its latitude is 49 deg. 15 
 min. N. and its longitude 23.'} dcg. 20 min. E. The 
 latitude of the other extreme is about 50 deg. and the 
 longitude 232 dcg. This lall was named Woodv 
 Point. Between thefc two points, a large bay is formed, 
 which the Captain calica Hope Bay > hoping, ai he 
 faid, to find in it a good harbour 1 and the event proved 
 that he was not milYakcn. As we approached the coaO, 
 we faw the appearance of two inlets ; one of which 
 was in the N. W. and the other in the N. E. corner of 
 the bay. We bore up for the latter, and pallid fome 
 breakers about a league from the Ihore. As we ad- 
 vanced, the cxiftence of the inlet no longer rcrnained 
 doubtful. At five o'clock we reached the wed point 
 of it ; and foon after a breese fprung up at N. W. with 
 which we (Iretchcd into an arm of the inlet, run- 
 ing in to the N. E. Here we were becalmed, and 
 found it neceflary to anchor in cighty-fivc fathoms wa- 
 ter, and fo near the (horc as to be able to reach it 
 with a hawfer. The Diftovcry was becalmed before 
 flic got within the arm, where fhe anchored in 75 fa- 
 thoms. 
 
 At the place where we were firft becalmed, three ca- 
 noes came off to the fhip, in one of which were two 
 men, in another fix, and in the other ten. Advancing 
 pretty near us, a perfon flood up in one of them, and 
 I'poke fora conlidcrablc time, inviting us, as we f'up- 
 pofed, by his gefturcs to go afhorc; and, at the fame 
 time continued brewing handfuls of feathers towards 
 us. Some of his companions alfo threw a red powder 
 in the fame manner. One, in particular, fung a moft 
 agreeable air, accompanied with a melodious fuft- 
 ncfs. The word haela was repeated frequently as the 
 burden of the fong. Soon after a breeze fprioging up 
 brought us clofer to the fliorc, when the canoes came to 
 vifit us in great numbers j having, at one time, no Icfs 
 than thirty-two of them about the fliip, containing 
 from three to fevcn or eight pcrfons each, and of both 
 fexes. One attradcd particularly our notice, by its 
 having a peculiar head, with a bird's eye, and an enor- 
 mous large beak, painted upon it. The chief who was 
 in it, apfiearcd equally remarkable for his Angular ap- 
 pearance; having a large quantity of feathers hanging 
 from his head, and being fmcared in a very extraordi- 
 nary manner. In his hand he had a carved bird of 
 wood, of the fizc of a pigeon, with which he often 
 rattled, like the perfon before mentioned ; and was 
 equally vociferous in his harangue, which was accompa- 
 nied with many exprelTivc geftures. Not any of thcfe 
 vifitors could be prevailed upon to come on board. 
 They were very ready, however, to part with any thing 
 they had, and received whatever we offered them in 
 exchange; but they were very folicitous after iron, 
 and appeared to be no ftrangers to that valuable 
 metal. 
 
 Having found fuch excellent flicker for our fliips, in 
 an inlet whofe coafls appeared to be inhabited by an 
 inofltnfive race of people, we loft no time, after com- 
 ing to anchor, in fearching for a commodious har- 
 bour, where we might be ftationed during our conti- 
 nuance in the found. Upon this fervice three armed 
 boats were fentj and on the N. W. of the arm, at a 
 Cnall diftancc from the fliips, wc found a convenient 
 cove : but apprehending we could not tranfport our 
 fliips to it, and moor them properly, before night had 
 overtaken us, we thought it prudent to continue where 
 we were till the next morning. The whole day wc 
 werefurrounded with plenty of canoes; and a recipro- 
 cal trade was commenced between us, conduced with 
 the flriileft harm.ony and integrity on both fides. Thejr 
 articles of commerce were the flcin* of various ani- 
 mals, fuch as bean, fca-otiers, wolves, foxes, deer, ra- 
 coons, martins, and pole-cats. Thcv alfo produced a 
 kind of cloathing, fabricated from the bark of a tree, 
 or a plant refembling hemp: beftdcs which articles, 
 
 3 
 
 they had bows, arrows, andfpcam fifli-hooks, and va- 
 rious kinds of inflrumcntsi wooden vizors, rcprefent- 
 ing horrid figures j a fort of woollen flufl'i carved work j 
 beads J and red ochre t alfo feveral little ornaments of 
 thin brafs and iron refembling an horfc-fliuc, which they 
 wear pendant at their nofes. However, among all the 
 articles which they ex pofed tofale, the moft extraordi- 
 nary were human fltulJs, and hands, with fome of the 
 flelh remaining on them; which they acknowledged 
 they had been feeding on J and fome of them, indeed, 
 bore evident marks of their having been on the fire. For 
 the various articles they brought, they received in ex- 
 change knives, chifTels, nails, looking glalTes, buttons, 
 or any kind of metal. They had not much inclina- 
 tion for beads, and rejected every kind of cloth. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 31 ft, wc were employed in hauling 
 the fliips into the cove, where they were moored. The 
 Refolution was now become very leaky in her upper 
 works; on which account the carpenters were ordered 
 to caulk her, and to repair any other defers they might 
 difcovcr. In the courfe of this day, the news of our 
 arrival brought vaft numbers of the natives about our 
 fliips. At one time we counted above a hundred camxs, 
 each of which, on an average, bad five people on board; 
 few containing lefs than three; many having fevcn, 
 eight, or nine : and one was manned with leventeen. 
 Many of thefc were nc . vifitors, which wc difcovcicd 
 by their orations and ceremonies. If they, at firft, had 
 apprehended that we meant to be hoftilc, their fears 
 were now removed ; for they ventured on board the 
 fliips, and mixed with our people with the utmort free- 
 dom and familiarity. Wc oifcovered, how ever, by 
 this intercourre,that they Mere as fond of pilfering ns 
 any wc had met with during our voyage ; and they 
 were much more mifchievous than any of the other 
 thieves wc had found; for, having Iharp inflrunionts 
 in their poiTelTion, they could, the inftant that our backs 
 were turned, cut a hook from a tackle, or a piece of 
 iron from a rope. They ftripjKil our boats o/' every 
 piece of iron that was worth caking away, though fome 
 of our men were always left in them as a guard. They 
 were, indeed fo dextrous in effeding their purpofcs, 
 that one fellow would contrive to amufe our people at 
 one end of the boat, while his confederate was forcing 
 off the iron work at the other. If an article that had 
 been ftolcn, was immediately mifTcd, the thief was cafily 
 dctcdted, as they were fond of impeaching each other: 
 but the prize was always reludantly given up by the 
 guilty perfon; and fometimes compullive means were 
 obliged to be ufed in order to regain it. 
 
 Wednefday, April the ift, having fafely moored 
 our fhips, we proceeded to other ncceffary bulincfs. 
 The obfcrvatorics were taken afhorc, and placed on a 
 rock, on one fide of the cove. A party of men was fta- 
 tioned to cut wood, and clear a place for watering. 
 Having plenty of pine-trees here, others were employed 
 in brewing fpruce-becr. The forge was alfo creacd to 
 make the neceflary iron-work for repairing the foremaft. 
 We were daily vilitcd by a confidcrable number of new 
 comers, who had a lingular mode of introducing theni- 
 fclves on their firft appearance, by paddling, with their 
 utmoft ftrength and adivity, round both the fliips, 
 while a chief, ftanding up with a fpcar in his hand, 
 bawled moft vociferoufly all the time. The face of this 
 orator was fometimes covered with a mafk, rcprefeni- 
 ing either a human countenance, or that of fome other 
 animal; and, inftcad of a fpear, he had a kind of rattle 
 in his hand. Frequently, before they came along fide, 
 or on board our fliip, they would entertain us with a 
 fong, in which their whole company joined. During 
 thefc vifits our principal care was to guard againll their 
 thiev?ry. 
 
 But on Saturday, the 4th of April, we had a very 
 ferious alarm, for our party on fliorc perceived the na- 
 tives in all quarters arming, and thofe who had not 
 proper weapons were colledling fticks and flbncs. The 
 Captain, hearing this, ordered all our workmen to re- 
 pair to the rock, whereon our obfcrvatorics had been 
 placed ; thus leaving the fuppofed enemy in poflclTion 
 of the ground where they aflemblcd, which was within 
 
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COOK'i THIRD tad LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 537 
 
 fy*- 
 
 «bout one hundred yardi of our ftem. We foon found, 
 however, that thele hoftlle prepirationi were dircc'lcd 
 ■gainit a body of their own countrymen, who were ad- 
 vancing to attack themj and our friends of the Sound, 
 perceiving our apprehcnfioni, exerted their bcft endea- 
 vour* to convince u», that thia was really the cafe. The 
 'advcrfe party, on board about twelve large canoes, at 
 length drew up in line of battle, off the South point of 
 the cove. A negotiation for the rcftoratioii of peace 
 «ai now commenced! in the courfe of which fcvcral 
 people in canoes paflcd between the two parties, and 
 fomc debatei cnfucd. At length the matter in difputc 
 appeared to be adjufled: but the flrangers were not 
 permitted to approach our Ihips. It is mod likely wc 
 were the principal occafion ot the quarrel j the ftran- 
 gcrs, perhaps, infifting on having a right of fliaring in 
 the advantages of a trade with usj and ourfirH friends 
 refolving to engrofs ui entirely to themfclvcs. We 
 were convinced of this on many other occalions i nay, 
 even among thofc who lived in the found, the weaker 
 ■ were often obliged to fubmit to the ftronger party, and 
 were plunderegof every thing, without even attempt- 
 ing to make any refinance. 
 
 Sunday, the tth, the carpenter difcovered the checks 
 of the foremaft to be rotten, and began to fiipply it 
 with new ones. It was fortunate that thcfe dcfwSs 
 (hould be difcovered, when we were fo commodioufly 
 fituared, as to be able to procure the materials that 
 were requiiite. On the 7th, while the forc-maft was 
 repairing, the Captain ordered a new fet of main- 
 rigging to be fitted. From our putting into the found 
 to this day, the weather had been remarkably fine; but 
 in the morning of the 8th wc had rain with a frefh gale, 
 and in the evening it blew extremely hard : but though 
 thefe tempeftuous blafts fucceeded each other quickly, 
 they were of (hort duration: yet we had the misfor- 
 tune to have our mizcn-maft give way at the head. 
 About eight o'clock, the gale abated, but the rain con- 
 tinued*, almoA without intcrmifllon. During thefe 
 fqualls the natives frequently brought us fmall cod, 
 fmall bream, or fardine, and a fupply of other fifb. 
 Sunday the tsth, in the evening, we received a vifit 
 from a tribe of natives, whom we had not fcen before, 
 and who, in goneral, made a better appearance than 
 our old friends. When condudled mto the cabin, 
 there was not an objeA that fixed their attention ; all 
 our novelties were looked on with indifference, except 
 by a very few, who (hewed a certain degree of curidflty. 
 On Thurfday the i6th, when our carpenters had made 
 a confiderable progrefs on the mizen-maft, they dif- 
 covered that the tree on which they were at work, was 
 wounded, owing, it was imagined, to fome accident in 
 cutting it down. It therefore became neccflary to pro- 
 cure another tree out of the woods, on which work all 
 hands were employed about half a day. During this 
 operation, many of the natives were gazing on with an 
 inexprcflible furprize, which, from their general inat- 
 tention, we did not cxpedl. On Saturday, the i8th, 
 a party of Grangers, in fcven or eight canoes, came into 
 the cove, and after looking at us for fomc time, retired. 
 Wc concluded, that our old friends would not fuifer 
 them to have. any dealings with us. It was evident, 
 indeed, that the neighbouring inhabitants engrolTed lis 
 entirely to themfelves; and that they carried on a traffic 
 with more diftant tribes, in thofc articles they had re- 
 ceived from us: for they frequently difappeared four or 
 jive days together, and returned with frefli cargoes of 
 curipfities and (kins. Such of thrm as vifited us daily, 
 after having difpofed of their trifles, employed them- 
 felves in timing, and we always partook of what they 
 caught : we alfo procured from them a confiderable 
 quantity of good animal oil, which they brought to us 
 in bladders. Some, indeed, attempted to cheat us, by 
 mixiiig water with oil t and once or twice they fo far 
 impofcd upon us, as to fill their bladders with water 
 only. In exchange for their articles, of trafKc, metal 
 wasgenefllly demanded by our vifiiorst and brafs had 
 now fupplanted iron, being foughtafter, with fuch cager> 
 ncfs, that before we left the found, fcaircely a bit of it 
 was to be found in the lliips, except what conflituted 
 
 No. 64, r r ,^ 
 
 a part of our neccffjiry inftrumcnta: fuitt of cloathi 
 were flnppcd of their putlonsi bureaus of their fur- 
 nitures kettles, cannilkrs, and candle(ticki,all went to 
 rack I fo that our American friends procured (rum ut 
 n greater variety of things, than any other nation we 
 had V ill ted. 
 
 On Sunday, the 19th, moft of our work being now 
 (inilhcd, Captain Ctxik fct out the next morning to 
 furvey the found. I'rocccding drft to the weft point, 
 wc difcovered a large village, and, before it a very fnug 
 harbour, with from nine to four fathonis water. The 
 inhabitants of this village, who were numerous, and to 
 many of whom the Commodore was no (Granger, re- 
 ceived him with great courtefy, every one prelTing him 
 to enter his aprtmentt for feveral families have habita- 
 tions under the fame roof. He accepted politely the 
 invitations, and the hofpitable friends whom we vi' 
 (ited, tciliticd every mark of civility and refpcdh In 
 many of thcfe habitations women w ere employed, in 
 making drcflcs of the bark or plant already mentioned, 
 and executed their bufinefs much like the natives of 
 New Zealand : others were bufy in opening fardinett 
 large (hoals of which we have fecn brought on (horc, 
 and mcafurcd out to feveral people, who carried them 
 home, where they performed the operation of curing 
 them : this is done by fmoke-drying. They are hung 
 upon fmall rods; at firO, about a foot over the iirct 
 they arc then removed higher and higher, to make 
 room for others. When dried, they are clofcly packed 
 in bales, and the bales covered with mats. Thus they 
 are prelerved till wanted, and are not unpleafant food. 
 They alfo cure cod, and other large fifli in the fame 
 manner ; but thc(b bre fometimcs dried in the open 
 air. Leaving this village, we proceeded up the weft 
 fide of the found. For near three miles we faw feveral 
 fmall iflands, fo fituated as to form fomc convenient 
 harbours, the depths being from thirty to fcven fathoms. 
 About two leagues w ithin the found, on the fame (idei 
 an arm tuns in the dircdion of N. N. W. and another 
 in the fame diredtion about two miles farther. About 
 a mile above the fecond arm we found the ruins of > 
 village. The framings of the houfes remained ftand- 
 ing, but the boards or roofs were taken away. Behind 
 this deferted village is a fmall plain, covered with the 
 largeft pine-trees we had ever fecn. This was fingu- 
 lar, as moft of the elevated ground on this fide the 
 found appeared rather naked. Palling from hence to 
 the end (ide, we obferved, what we nad before ima- 
 gined, that it was an ifland, under which the (hipa lay 1 
 and that many fmaller ones lay fcattered about <"* tbe 
 weft (ide of it. Upon the main land, oppofite the north 
 end of our ifland. we faw a village, and landed there, 
 but our Commodore was not fo politely received by the 
 inhabitants, as by thofc of the other village he had vi- 
 fited. This cold reception was occalioned by one 
 furly chief, who would not fuifer him to enter their 
 houfes. making expreflivefigns. that he was impatient 
 for him to be gone. Captain Cook endeavoured in 
 vain to footh him with prefents : thefe he did not re- 
 fufe, though he continued the fame kind of behaviour. 
 But. notwithftanding this treatment from the inhofpi- 
 table chief, fome of the young women expeditioufly 
 apparelled themfelves in their beft habiliments. afTem- 
 bled in a body. and. joining in an agreeable fong, gave 
 us a hearty welcome. Evening now drawing on. Cap- 
 tain Cook propofed returning, and we proceeded tor 
 the (hips round the north end of the ifland. When 
 returned aboard, wc were informed that in our abfence, 
 fome ftrangcrs from the S. E. had vifited our people in 
 the (hips, who purchafed of them two filver table 
 fpoons, that appeared to be of Spanilh mamifkdure. 
 They were worn round the neck of one of thofc vifi- 
 tors by way of ornament. 
 
 Wednclday, the 32nd, about eight o'clock A. M. 
 we were vifited by a number of (frangers from the 
 fouthward. After their departure the two Captains, 
 Cook, and Clerk, went in their own boats to the village 
 at the ^cR point, where our Commodore had been two 
 days before, and had obferved that olenty of grafs wat 
 to be had near it; and it was neccflary to get a fupply 
 6 U ^ 
 
 
538 
 
 Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ;'!' 
 
 of this, for the few rrtnaininu ((oats ami fhrcp that 
 were flill on board. We received the fame welcome 
 receution ai before, and our Coinnioiiore ontrred fome 
 of the people to k-gin cutting: not imagining the na- 
 tives would objei'lto ourfiirnilliing ourfcivcs with what 
 could not be of any ufc to them, though circntially ne- 
 ceflary for us. In this, however, we were millaken, for 
 at foon as our men began cutting the grafs, fome of the 
 inhabitants would not permit them to proceed, faying, 
 " Makook," fignifying, that we muft nuy them firff. 
 During this event, Captain Cook was in one of the 
 hnufcs, but, hearing of it, he repaired immediately to 
 the fleld, where heTound about us, a do7.cn claimants of 
 different parts of the grafs, that grew on the premifes. 
 The Commodore treMcd with them for it, and having 
 cottiplied with the terms of his purchafe, thought we 
 had now full liberty to cut whatever we pleafed. Here 
 he was again miftnken i for he had fo liberally paid the 
 firlt pretended proprietors, that frelh demands were 
 made from others, fo that every fmgle blade of grnfs 
 might have had a feparate owner ; and fo many of them 
 were to be fatisfied, that his pockets prefcntly liecame 
 empty. When they were convinced of this laft flrik- 
 ing circuniftance, they ccafed to be importunate, and 
 wc were permitted to cut where we thought proper, and 
 •s much as we pleafed. Here it is worthy ofobferva- 
 tion, that wc never met with any uncivilized nation, or 
 tribe, who poircflcd fiich ftrii't notions of their having 
 an cxclufive property in the produce of their country, 
 as the inhabitants of this found. They even wanted 
 our people to pay for the wood and water that w ere car- 
 ried aboard. Had Captain Cook been prefcnt when 
 thcfc demands were made, he would doubtlefs have 
 complied with them t but our workmen thought dif 
 fcrently, and paid little or no attention to fuch claims. 
 The natives thinking we were determined to pay not 
 the leaft confidcration, at length ccafed to apply for the 
 fame: but they frequently took occafion to remind us, 
 that their efteem for us had induced them to make us a 
 prefcnt of wood and water. Having completed all 
 their operations at this village, the natives and the two 
 Captains took a friendly leave of each other, and wc re- 
 turned to the lliips in the afternoon. 
 
 The 23d, 24th, and 25th, were employed in pre- 
 paring for fea; the fails were bentj the obfervatories 
 and other articles were removed from the fliorc; and 
 both fliips put into a proper condition for failing. On 
 Sanday the 26th, the Commodore intended to have fet 
 fail, but having both wind and tide againft us, wc were 
 under a neceflity of waiting till noon, when the tide 
 turning in our favour, the fliips were towed out of the 
 cove. At four o'clock P. M. the mercury in thcba. 
 romctcr funk uncommonly low, and wc had every ap- 
 pearance of an approaching ftorm from the fouthward: 
 but the Captain's anxiety to profecutc the voyage, and 
 the ff ar ot lofing fo good an opportunity of getting out 
 of the found, operated more ftrongly upon his mind 
 than the apprehcnfion of danger, and he refolved to put 
 to fca. Wc were attended by the natives till we were al- 
 rnort out of the found; fome in their canoes, and others 
 on board the fliips. One of the chiefs who had par- 
 ticulaiU attached himfelf to Captain Cook, was among 
 ilu- lad who parted from us. The Captain a little time 
 before w c got under way, made him a fmall prefent ; 
 for which he received, in return, a beaver fl;in of much 
 fuperior value. For this reafon the Captain made an 
 addition to his prefent. which pleafed the chief fo highly, 
 that he prefented to the Commodore the beaver-lkm 
 cloak wnich he then wore, and of which he was par- 
 ticularly fond. Struck with this inflance of generofity, 
 and wifliing him not to be a fuffercr by his gratitude. 
 Captain Cook infiftcd iipon his acceptance of a new 
 broad-fword, with a brals hilt, with which he appeared 
 greatly delighted. We were carneflly importuned by 
 the chief, and many of his countrymen, to pay them 
 
 • another vifit; who, by way of inducement, promifed to 
 procure a large flock of (kins. Before wc continue the 
 progrefs of our voyage, we think it may be no fmall 
 
 ' entertainment to our readers, to ccmprife in the re- 
 
 mainder of this chapter further pariiculurt relative t* 
 the country and its inhabitanti. 
 
 The inlet in which our fliipt were moored is called 
 by the natives Nuotka, but Captain Cook gave it the 
 name of King Oeorge's Sound. The entrance is in 
 theeafl curneruf HopcBay, in latitude 49 deg. .i.) min. 
 N. longitude 3;;3 drs. la min. E. 7°hc eaft coafl it 
 covered by a chain of iunkcn rocks, and, near the found, 
 are fome illands and rocks above water. We enter 
 the found between two rocky points, lying K. S. E. and 
 W. N. W. from each other, diftant hiur miles. The 
 found widens within thefe points, and extends to the 
 northward at leafl four leagues. In the middle of it 
 are a number of iflands of^various fizes. The depth 
 of water, not only in the middle of the found, butalfo 
 clofe to fome pai's of the fliore, is from 47 to 90 fa- 
 thoms or more. Within its circuit, the harbours aixl 
 anchoring places are numerous. The cove, where our 
 fliips anchored, is on the eafl flde of the found, and 
 alfoonthe eaftof the largcfl ifland. Ita principal re- 
 commendation is that ot being covered from tne fea 1. 
 for it is cxpofcd to theS. E. winds, which foinetimcs 
 blow with great violence. Upon the fea coafl, the land 
 is tolerably high 1 but, within the found, it rifcs into 
 fleep hills, which have a uoiform appearance, ending in 
 rnundifli tops, with flarp ridges on their fulcs. Many 
 of thefe hills arc high; all of them are covered to their 
 fumniits with the thickefl woods. The foil upon them 
 is produced from rotten niolTcs and trees, of the depth 
 of about two feet. Their foundations arc nothing 
 more than ftupcndous rocks; of a grey or whitifli caft 
 « hen cxpofcd to the weather; but, when broken, arc 
 of a hluilli grey colour. The rocky fliorcs confifl en- 
 tirely of this; and the beaches of the little coves in 
 the found are compofcd of fragments of it. 
 
 The climate appears to be infinitely milder than that 
 on the eafl coall of America, under the fame parallel 
 of latitude. We perceived no froft in any of the low 
 ground; hut, on the contrary, vegetation proceeded 
 very brifkly, for, at this time, we law grafs upwards 
 of a foot long. The trees of which the woods^are com- 
 pofcd are the Canadian pine, white cyprefs, and two or 
 three other forts of pine. The two firfl are in the 
 greatefl abundance. At a diflance t^ey refemblc each 
 other; but they are eaflly diflinguiflied on a nearer view, 
 the cyprefs being of a paler green than the other. In 
 general, the trees grow here with great vigour, and arc 
 of a large flze. About the rocks and borders of the 
 woods, we faw fome ftrawberry plants, raflxrry, cur- 
 rant, and goofeberry buflies, all in a flourifliing flate. 
 We found alfo a few black alder-trees ; a fpccies of fow- 
 thiflle; fome crows-foot with a finecrimfon flower, and 
 two forts of Anthericum. Wc met with fome wild 
 rofe-buflies, jufl budding: fome young leeks ; a fmall 
 fort of grafs, and fome water-creflcs; bcfides a great 
 abundance of andromcda. The feafon of the year did 
 not permit us to acquire much knowledge of the vege- 
 tables of this country ; and being in a cove, on an ifland, 
 all the animals that we faw alive were two or three ra- 
 coons, martins, fquirrels; and fome of our people who 
 landed on the continent, on the fouth-eafl fide of the 
 Sound, obferved the prints of a bear's feet, not far 
 from the fliore; but wc could onlv judge of thc..qua- 
 drupeds from the flcins purchafcd of the inhabitants, 
 and thefe were fometimes fo mutilated, that wc could 
 not even guefs to what fpecies of animals they belonged, 
 though others were fo perfed as not to admit a doubt 
 about them. The moft common of thefe laft forts were 
 bears, deer, foxes, and wolves, Bear-flcins arc in 
 abundance, but not very large; their colour is generally 
 a ftiining Wack. The deer-flcins arc not fo plentiful, 
 and appear to belong to what the inhabitants of North- 
 Carolina in America, call the fallow-deer; but Mr. 
 Millar, in his New Syftem of Natural Hiftory diftiii- 
 guifties it by the name of Virginian deer, and thinks it 
 quite a different fpecies from ours. Our very nume- 
 rous friends and fubfcribers will not be difblcafed if wc 
 here give a decifivc opinion in favour ot that Entire 
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 COOK'8 THI|LD and LAST VOYAGE—To th<? PAaFIC OCEAt^r^cT^ "539 
 
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 Nbw Bodv of Natural Hibtory, to be complcated 
 in fixty weekW, numberii. price only Qxpence each, 
 and now pubUfnipg with bniverlal approbation, may 
 be laid. Without the leaft Article of flattery, to be far 
 fupcrior to every other puWicatior of the kind. May 
 meiit alone eVer b«v? uw preference and encourage- 
 tnent, with the unprejudiced and dirmterelted public, 
 is our fincere and hearty wifti! But to proceed. The 
 foxes are numerous, and of feveral varieties; the (kins 
 of fome being yellow, with a black tip at the uil ; others 
 of a reddilh yellow, intermixed witn black. We met 
 with an entire wolf's (kin, which was grey. Here is 
 the common martin, the pjne ipartin, and another of 
 a lighter brown colour. The ermine in this country is 
 imali, and not very common : nor is its hair rcmarka* 
 ,bly line. The animal is entirely white, except about 
 an inch a: the tip of the uil. The racoons and fquirrcis 
 are of the common fpccies, but not fo large as in other 
 ■paru of the world. Hogs, dogs, and goau, have not 
 yet made their appearance in this place. 
 
 The fea animals feen off the coaft were whales, por- 
 poifes, and feals; the la(t of thcfe feem only of the com- 
 mon fort. Though fca-ottera are amphibious, yet we 
 may confider them as belonging to this clafs. as living 
 principally in the water. The fur of the(e animals, as 
 mentioned in the Ruifian acL<>unts, is certainly ibfcer 
 and finer than that of any other animals known by the 
 Europeans; confequently the difcovery of this part of 
 the continent of North-America, where fo valuable a,n 
 article of commerce may be met with, cannot be a 
 matter of indifference. Mr. Coxe, in his Ruflian Dif- 
 coyeries, on the authority of Mr. Pallas, fays, that the 
 old and middle-aged fea-otters (kins are fold at Kiatchta, 
 by the Ru(nans, to the Chinefe, from 80 to 100 rubles 
 a (kin, that is from i61.,to 2ol. each. 
 . The birds that frequent the waters and thelhoresare 
 fer from being numerous : they arg veiy (hy, owing, 
 perhaps, to their being continually harralied by the na 
 lives, either to eat, or for their feathers to be worn as 
 omamenu. We met with humming birds, different 
 in fome refpedts from the various forts already known 
 of this deliCiite little anin\^. Shags and gulls are alfo 
 frequent in the Sound. Some fwans too were fccn flying 
 to the northward, but we know not their haunts. Here 
 are two^ (brts of wild ducks ; one black, with a white 
 head; the other white, with a red bill, but of a larger 
 ^fiize: alfo the greater Lumme, or diver, found in the 
 northern parts of Europe. On the (hores we found a 
 fand-pipcr, not unlike the burre, a plover, refembling 
 our common lark, and two kinds of wood-peckers, one 
 fmaller than a thrufh, the other laiger and more 
 elegant. 
 
 Pifh are idbre plentiful than birds. The principal forts 
 we found were the common herring, not exceed ingfeven 
 inches ui lehgth ; a fmaller fort, of the fame kind with the 
 anchovy, though .rather larger : a filver coloured bream, 
 andanothcrof a brown colour, with narrow blue (Iripes. 
 Sharks fometimes frequent the found, for the natives 
 have fome of their teeth in their po(reflion. About 
 the rocks there is an abundance of large mufcles, many 
 of a fpan long; in fome of which are large pearls; but 
 they are not pleafing either in colour or (hape. Red 
 coral is to be found either on the coaft or in the found, 
 large branches of it having been feen in the canoes of 
 the natives. The only reptiles obferved here were 
 brown fnakes, about two feet in length, having whiti(h 
 ftripes on the back and fides ; and brownifh water li- 
 zards. The former are quite harmlefs. The' infe£l 
 tribe feem to be much more numerous. 
 
 We found here .both iron and copper, but we do not 
 think either of them belong to 4his place. We did not 
 fee the ores of any meuls, except a coarfc red ochry 
 fubftance, ufed by the natives in painting or ftaining 
 their faces and bodies; they had.alfoa.b' -ck and white 
 
 !>igment madeufe .of.ibr the f^mepurpofe. Exclu- 
 ive of the rock, whicl^ forms the (nores and moun- 
 tains, we found among the natives fome things made 
 of 'a hard black granite, not very compad, nor fine 
 grained; alfo a sreyifh whetflone; the common oil 
 ftonej and a black fort, little inferior to thq hone ftpne. 
 
 they had likewise pieces oTrock chry Bal. We could 
 not obtain this from theni without a very valuable re- 
 turn. 
 
 As to the natives, their peifons, in general, are under 
 the common ftaturc; uhialiy pr?tty plump, but not 
 hiufqulart the forehead low; the eyes fmall, black, and 
 rather langui(hing, than fparkling; the mouth round, 
 with large, thick Tips; the teeth tolerably equal and well 
 fet. Their eye-brows are alfo fcanty, and always nar- 
 row; but the hair of the head is in great abundance, 
 very coarfeand ftrong; aid, without a fincle exception, 
 black, ftraight, and lank. Some have no beards ; others 
 only a thin one On the point of the chin ; for they pluck 
 it out elfewhere by the roots; and thofe who do not 
 thus eradicate it, have not only cohfidcrable beards, on 
 .every part of the chin, but alfo whilkers, ormuftachios, 
 running from the upper lip to the lower jaw obliquely 
 downward; whence we may conclude, that it is a mif- 
 taken notion, though efpoufcd by eminent writers, that 
 Ainerican Indians have no beards. The limbs, in all 
 of them, are (mall in proportion to the other parts ; be- 
 fides they are ci'ookecf and ill-formed, having projeft- 
 ing ancles, and large feet, -awkwardly Ihapcd.' Their 
 colour could never be determined pofitively, as their 
 bodies were incruftf-^ with paiHt and dirt. Th^ womeh . 
 . are nearly of the fa,..: fiie with the men, from whom it 
 is not eafy to diflinguifli them, as they pofTefs no na- 
 turaf delicacies fufficient to render their perfons agree- 
 able. A certain famenefs charaifterizes both lexes; 
 dulnefs, and want of exprelTion, being vifibly pour- 
 traycd in every vifage. In common, their drels is a 
 flaxen kind of mantle, ornamented with a narrow ftripc 
 of fur on the upper edge, and fringes at the lower one. 
 Pafling under the left arm, it is tied by talTels over the 
 right (houlder. Sometimes they fallen the mantle rourtd 
 the waift with a girdle of coarfc matting; over which is 
 worn a fmall cloak of the fame fubftance, fringed at the 
 bottom, and reaching to the waift. They wear a Cap, 
 in (hape of a flower-pot, made of very fine matting, 
 ornamented with a bunch of leathern tanels, and having 
 a ftring pafTing under the chin, to prevent its blowing 
 off. Befides the above drefs, which is common to both 
 fexcs, the men throw frequently over their other gar- 
 ments the (kin of a bear, wolf, or fea-Ottcr, with the 
 hair outward, and tie it as a cloak, near the upper piin, 
 wearing it fometimes before, and fometimes behind. 
 Was this drefs kept clean, it would by no means be in- 
 elegant; but as they are continually rubbing their bo- 
 dies over with a red paint, mixed with oil, their gar- 
 ments become greafy, and contradl a rancid oflfenfive 
 fmell. The appearance, indeed, of thefe people is both 
 wretched and fllthy, and their heads and garments 
 fwarm with lice. So lOft are they to every idea of dean- 
 linefs, that we frequently faw them pick off thefe vermin, 
 and eat them with the ^"eateft compofure. Their faces 
 are ornamented with a Variety of colours; a black, a 
 brighter red, or a white colour : the laft of thefe gives 
 them a ghaftly appearance. Over the paint they ftrew 
 the brown nurtial mica, which caufes it to glitter. Many 
 of their ears are perforated in the lobe, where they make 
 a large hole,' and two fmaller ortcs higher up on tl.'; 
 outer edge. In thefe holes are hung bits of bone, quills 
 faftened upon a leathern thOng, (hells, bunches of tafTels, 
 or thin pieces of copper. In fome, the fcpcum of the 
 nofe is alfo perforated, and a pieceof cord drawnthrough 
 it. Others wear, at the fame place, pieces of copper, 
 brafs, or iron, fliaped fomewhat like a horfe-fhoe, the 
 narrow opening receiving the feptum, fo that it may be 
 pinched gently by the two points, and thus the orna- 
 ment hangs over the upper lip. Their bracelets, which 
 they wear about their wrifts, are bunches of white bugle 
 beads, or thongs with tafTels, or a black, broad, horny, 
 fliining fubftance. . Round their ancles they wear fre- 
 quently leathern thbnes, or the flntwsof animals cu- 
 rioufly twifted. Befidcs thefe, their ordinary dreffcs, 
 they nave fome that are ufed only when going forth to 
 war, and exhibiting themlelv^s to ftrangers in ceremo- 
 nial viflu. Among thefe'are the fkins of bears or wolves, 
 tied on like their other garments, but edged with broad 
 b^rdeia of^ fur, onuunci)Ced ingenioufly with various 
 figures. 
 
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540 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
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 figures. They are worn (eparatcly, or over their com- 
 mon cloaching. The ifiolt uHial head-drefs, on chcfe 
 occafions, n a quantity of withe, wrapped about the 
 head, with large feathers^ particuUrly thore of eagles 
 ftuck in it, or entirely covered with fmui white feathers. 
 At the fame time the face is varioufly pointed, the upper 
 hud lower parts being of opjjoritc colours, and the 
 ftrokes having the appearance of larcc galhts ; or it is 
 fiefmeared with a kind of fat or tallow, mixed with 
 
 fiaint, formed into a great variety of figures, fomewhat 
 ike carved work. Ine hair, fometinics, is fcparated 
 into fmall parcels, and tied, at intervals, with thread : 
 others tie it behind, after the Englifh fafliion. Thus 
 <quip[>ed, they have k tti\\y favagc and ridiculous ap- 
 .pearancc, which is much heightened when they aflumc 
 their monftrous decorations. Thefc confift of a great 
 variety of wooden maflcs, applied to the face, fore- 
 head^ Of upper part of the head. Some of the vifors 
 refemble human faces, having hair, beards, and eye- 
 brows; others reprefent the heads of birds, and various 
 .animals, fuch as deer, porpoifes, wolves, &c. Such 
 kind of reprefcntations exceed generally the natural 
 fixe, and they are frequently ftrewed with pieces of the 
 :nuca, which makes them glitter, and augments their 
 deformity. In thefe imaginary decorations, they fome- 
 times run into greater excefs, and fix large pieces of 
 .carved work upon the head, projctfling to a confidera- 
 ble diflance, and rcfembling the prow of a canoe. 
 Whether thefc extr:avagant mafquerade ornaments are 
 . ufed on any religious occafion, or in any kind of diver- 
 fiort, or whether they are intended to intimidate by their 
 monftrous appearance, or as decoys when hunting ani- 
 . mals, is uncertain. One of the dreffes feems peculiarly 
 .adapted to war: It is a thick tanned leathern mantle, 
 , double, and acpnears to be the fkin of an elk, orbulfalo. 
 : This is faAcnea on in the ordinary manner, and is fo 
 , contrived as to cover the breall quite up to the throat ; 
 part of it, at the fame time, falling down to their heels. 
 ' This garment is curioufly painted, and is flrong enough, 
 as we underflood from them, to refifl even Ipears; fo 
 '. that it may be confidered as their completed defenlive 
 . armour. Though we cannot vjew thefc people without 
 ■ a kind of horror, when they are thus ftrangely appa- 
 relled, yet when divefted of thefe extravagant drelfes, 
 ' and beheld in their common habit, they feem to be of 
 . a qui % phlegmatic difpofition; though deficient in 
 vivacity, to render themfelves agreeable in fociety. 
 They are rather referved than loquacious; but thtir 
 gravity feems conditutional, and not the refult of any 
 particular mode of education : for the orations made by 
 them on public occafions, arc little more than fhort 
 fcntences, or only fingle words, forcibly repeated in 
 one tone of voice, accompanied with a fingle eelture at 
 every fentence. From their olTering human Ikulls and 
 bones to fale, there is not the lead reafon to doab: of 
 their treating their enemies with a favage cruelty; but, 
 as this circumflancc rather marks a general agreement 
 of charader among almofl every uncivilized tribe, in 
 every age and country, they are not to be reproached 
 with any charge of peculiar inhumanity. We had not 
 ' any reafon to judge unfavourably of their difpofition in 
 this refpecl : they appear to be docile, courteous, and 
 '. good-natured; but, notwithftanding their phlegmatic 
 temper, they are quick in refenting injuries; yet, like 
 all paflionate people, they forget them quickly. It muft 
 be admitted, that they are not wholly iinfufceptible of 
 the tender paflions, which is evident from their being 
 fond of mufic. and that too of the pathetic kind. 
 Their fongs are generally flow and folemn. Sonnets 
 . were fung by fingle performers, keeping time by f^rik- 
 ing the hand againft thie thigh. A rattle, and a fmall 
 ' whidle, arc the only infl^umenu of mufic which we faw 
 amoi^ then^. The rattle itiifed when they fing; but 
 upon what occafiona the wl^ifHe it emp!oy.ed, wp knortr 
 not, unlefs it be when th^ ^fTun^e the figures of parti- 
 cular animals, aad endeavour to imitate their howl or 
 cry. We once faw one. of thefc peo(tle drefTed in the 
 Ikin of a wolf, with the head covtrihjjhisfwny ftriving 
 . to imitate that animal, by making a fqiieaking noifc 
 with^a whittle he had in hii tnoiiith. ' Thi raftfci ait go- 
 ■' ' a •' 
 
 neratly \A the fhipe of a bird, with ftiiallpebblea in the 
 belly, and the tail if the handlfc. We obferved another 
 fort, which refembles a chiM's ntttle. 
 
 In trafficking with us, fome of them difplayed a dif^ 
 pofition to knavery; taking awdy Our goods without 
 making any return. But the inftanKs ofthis were rare-, 
 and we had abundant reafon to approve the integrity of 
 their cnndu(ft. However, their cagerncli M pofTefs iron, 
 brafs, orany kind of metal, was fo great, that when an 
 opportunity prefcnted itftif, few of them could refifl 
 the temptation to fteal it. The inhabitants of theSouth* 
 fea i Hands in their petty larcenies were adtuated by a 
 chiidifli difpofition, rather than a thievifh one. The 
 novelty of the objed excited their curiofity, and was s 
 fuflicient inducement for them to get polTcflion of it by 
 any means: but the natives of Nootka, who made free 
 with our property, are entitled to no fuch apok^. The 
 appellation of thieves is certainly applicable to themt 
 for they well knew that what they pilfered from us would 
 be fubfervient to the private purpofes of utility; and it 
 was fortunate for us, that metals were the only articles 
 upon which they fct any value ; but thefts are very 
 common among themfelves, producing continually 
 quarrels, of which we faw feverai inftances. 
 
 The two villages we vifitec are probably the only in- 
 habited parts of the found. IHie number of inhabit- 
 ants may be computed from the canoes that vifitcd our 
 fliips the fccond day after our arrival. They confifVed 
 of about a hundred, which upon an average, con- 
 tained, at leaf^, five perfons each; but as there were 
 very few women, children, or young men among them, 
 we may reafonabiy fuppofe, that the number of fouls in 
 the two villages, could not be lefs than four times the 
 number of our vifitors, being in the whole two thop- 
 fand. The village, fituated at the entrance of the 
 found, l^ands on the fide of a pretty fleep afcent, ex- 
 tending from the*Kajch to the wood. There are holes, 
 or windows, in the fitld.s of the houfes to look out at, 
 having bits of mats hung before tbtm, to prevent the 
 rain getting in. Their houfes, in the infidc, may, with 
 propriety, be compared to a Idng Englifh ftabic with a 
 double range oif fialls, and a board paifage in the mid- 
 dle; for the different families are fejiarated only by a 
 piece of plank. Clofe to the fides, m each of thefe 
 parts, is a bench of boards, raifed five or fix feet 
 higher than the rcfl of the floor, and covered with 
 mats, whereon the family fit artd fleep. Thefe benches 
 are coirimonly fevcn or eight feet long, and four or five 
 broad. In the middle of the floor, between them, is 
 the fire-place, which has neither hearth nor chimney. 
 This part appeared common to them all. The nafti- 
 nefsand flench of their houfes are at leaft equal to the 
 confufioh within; for, as they dry their fifli within 
 doors, they alfo gut them there, which, with their bones - 
 and fragments, thrown down at meals, and the addition 
 of other forts of filth, lie every where in heaps.'and 
 are, it fhould feem, never carried away, till they become 
 troublefome, from their fize, to walk over them. In a 
 word, their houfes are as filthy as hog-fties; every thing 
 in, and about them, ftinkingof filh, train oil and fnnpke. 
 Their fiirniturc confifts chiefly of chefts and boxes of 
 various fizes, piled upon each other, at the fides or 
 ends of each houfe, wherein they depofit all their va- 
 luables, fuch as fkins, garments, maflcs, &c. Many of 
 thefe boxes are painted black, and' ftudded with the 
 teeth of animals, or rudely decorated with figures of 
 birds carved. To complete the fcene of confuiion, in 
 difterent parts of their habitations are hung up imple- 
 ments of fifliing, and other articles. Among ■ thefc 
 we may reckon tncir images, whi«h are nothing more 
 than the trunks of large trees, of the height of about 
 four feet, placed at the upper end of the apartmont, 
 with a human face carved on the front, and the hands 
 and arms upon the fides. Thefe figures are varioqfly 
 painted, and make, upon the ^whole. a ridiculous ap- 
 pearance. They arc called. jInerallyKlumma. Afprt 
 of curtain, made of mat, uflially hung before the images, 
 which the natives were fomptimcs unwilling to remove; 
 and when they did confent to unveil them, theyfccroed 
 to exprcf* thea»f<.lve« in avery myft«ri04)# nwnneri »nd 
 ■^ yet 
 
 
 
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cbbleii in the 
 Ved another 
 
 ilaycd a i]i& 
 sdt without 
 U were rarr, 
 
 integrity of 
 pofTcfs iron, 
 hat when an 
 
 could rc(i(t 
 >f the Souths 
 dluated by a 
 1 one. The 
 , and was a 
 (Hon of it by 
 
 made free 
 pology. The 
 ble to thenit 
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 only articles 
 efts are very 
 r continually 
 I. 
 
 Uheonlyin- 
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 at vifited our 
 hey confifted 
 verage, cos- 
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 mong them, 
 xt offouls in 
 lur times the 
 lie twothon- 
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 i look out at, 
 ) prevent the 
 dc, may, with 
 
 liable with a 
 : in the mid- 
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 ach of ihefc 
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 covered with 
 rhefe benches 
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 vcen them, it 
 nor chimney. 
 I. The nafti- 
 
 equal to the 
 r fiih within 
 ith their bones ~ 
 d the addition 
 in heaps,' and 
 
 1 they become 
 :rthcm. In a 
 :s ; every thing 
 ail and fmpke. 
 
 and boxes of 
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 t all their va- 
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 ided with the 
 rith figures of 
 
 confuuon, in 
 ijg up implc- 
 Among thefe 
 nothing more 
 light ot about 
 he aparcmont, 
 and the hands 
 s are varioqAy 
 
 ridiculous ap> 
 ivntra. A.iprt 
 fore the images. 
 ling to remove ; 
 in, theyfccmed 
 Jmanncri and 
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 CO0K>. THIRD sad LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fiec. 541 
 
 -•tin 
 
 f 
 
 • «i 
 
 
 
 
 yec ther were held la mfrtttf. tx%m»6inMy degree of 
 eftirmtion, Aeinc, vltK a teill qmneiry of braA or 
 iron, itll tbil idob intlw sbise. inie;ht h«ve bcenpur^ 
 chafed. Nfr^ Webber, when drawing a view of the 
 infideof* houi<w wherein ihoft figurei were placed, 
 was incerrupted in bit work tb)r one of the inhabitanti. 
 Mr. Webber, thinking « bribe would have a pn>pcr 
 tikSl, prefentid to hin»R,roet«l.button from, his coat, 
 which irtimediaiely operated at waa intended : fodn 
 after he wu again interrupted by the fame mai)/ wlra 
 held • mat before the figure*: our gcntlemRn thvrefore 
 gave him another button, wid was again futfiicd trt pro- 
 ceed. The man then renewed hit former tricks, till 
 Mr. Webber had parted with every finale button 1 after 
 which he received not any fiirther moieiliition. 
 
 Ai to the domeftic life of thefe people, the menfeem 
 to be chiefly employed in fifliin^ and killing animall, 
 for the fuftenancc of their familiei, few of tncm being 
 engaged in any hOufehold bufmefs ; but the women wtr< 
 employed in manufaduring their garments t and in cur-f 
 ing fardines, which they alfo carry fronn the canoes to 
 their houfes. They alfo go in fmall ginoea, to gather 
 mufclea, and other (hell-nth. In the labour of the pad- 
 dle thcyar&as dextroua ai the men, who Ihew them 
 v^r^ little refpctflor attention on thi^, or any other oc- 
 caiion. But the voung men are remarkably indolcntt 
 fitting generally about in fcattered con>panies. baflving 
 in the lun, or wallowing in the fand upon the beach, 
 like ib many hogs, without any kind of covering. 
 This difregard of decency was, however, confined foleiy 
 tothemalcs) for the females were always cloathed, and 
 behaved withgreat propriety, meriting juftly commen- 
 dation for a modeft baihfulnefs, fo becoming that fcx. 
 In the women of this place, it is the more meritorious, 
 a» the men have not the lead fenfe of Ihame. Both 
 fexes pafs much of their time in their canoes, efpeci- 
 nlly in the fummer; in which they eat, flecp, and fre- 
 quently lie to ba(k themfelves in the lun ; for thefe pur ■ 
 pofei they are fufliciently (bacious, and are, in rainy 
 weather, more comfortable habitation than their filthy 
 houfes. 
 
 Though their fixxl, ftri<ftlv.fpeaking, may be faid to 
 confift of every thing animal or vegetable that they can 
 procure, yet the quantity of the latter bears an cxccedU 
 ing fmall proportion to tb^t of the former. Their 
 ^reatefl reliance for food is upon the fea, as affording 
 Sih, mufcles,fmalier (heW-fi(h,and iea^animais. Among 
 the firfl are herrings, fardines, two fpecics of bivam, 
 and fome fmall cod. The herrii^ and fardines not 
 only ferve to be eaten frefli in their feafon, but ^ be 
 flried and fmoaked as (lores. The roes of thefe alfo, 
 ftrewed upon the branches of the Canadian pine, or 
 prepared upon -a long feagrafs, afford them another 
 grand refource for food. They alfo eat the roe of fome ; 
 other large filh, that has a very rancid fniell and tafte. 
 The large mufcles are found in great abundance in the 
 found. After having roafted them in their (hells, they 
 .are (tuck upon long wooden (kewcrs, and taken off as 
 they arc wanted to be eaiep. They require no other 
 preparation, though they are fometimes dipped in oil, 
 as fauce. Theporpoife is a food more common among 
 them, than tint of any other animal in their fea; thc; 
 He(h and rind of which they cut into large pieces, dry 
 them as diey do herrings, and eat them Mithout farther 
 preparation. They alio make a fort of broth from thc 
 porpoife, when fre(h, in a very Angular manner. They 
 put fonie pieces of it into a wooden, vefTd, conuining 
 * '"^*^a"* quantity of water, into which they thi»M| 
 heated (tones. This operation is repeated till the con- 
 tents are fuppofcd to be ftcwed enough. This is a 
 common di(h among th^m, and feems to be a ftrong 
 nouri(hingfood. They likewifc feed probably upoin 
 whales, feals, and fea-otters, the (kins of the two latter 
 being common among themi «id they are furnijfi«d 
 tvith implements of al) forta for their deftrudion, 
 thoutth perhaps they n^y not be able, at all feafon*. to 
 catch them in great plenty. However, from thefe, and 
 other Ta-animals, they procure oil in great Ibundance, , 
 which they lOk, mixed with other food, as fauce, and 
 ofteir fip It alone with a kind qf hijrij^fcoop; ^ 
 
 fre(Kflii;it, at this time, were very fcarcei as were thc 
 landanimais rfor we faw no He(h belonging to the lattcn 
 and, thou^ their fltins were to be had in plenty, they 
 might, perhap<i, have bctn procured from other tribes. 
 From thefe, and other circumftances, it pUinlv ap- 
 peared to us, that thefe people are fumi(hcd with the 
 principal part of their animal food by thc feai if we 
 except a tew gulls, and fome other birds, which they 
 (hoot with thetr arrows. Their' only winter vegetables 
 feem to he the Canadian pine-branches, and fca.grafsi 
 but, as the fpring advances, they ufe others as they come 
 ill feafon. The mod common of thefe were two forts 
 of roots, of a mild fweetifh taftc, which are eaten rawi 
 as is alfo a finally fwcetifh root, about the thicknefsof 
 fatfaparilla. As the feafon advances, they have doubt- 
 left, many others which we did not fee: for, though 
 ihcste is not theleaft iippcarance of cultivation among 
 them, there are pleuuy of elder, goofeberry, and cur- 
 rant bulbcs. Ope of the conditions, however, which 
 they fccm to require in all their food^ is, that it (hould 
 be of thc Icfs acrid kind 1 , f^r they would not touch the 
 leak or garlic, thoOgh they fold us .great quantities of 
 it, when they underitood it was what we liked. They 
 feemed not'to (elilh any of our food, and rejcAed our 
 fpirituous liquqti as difgufting and unnatural. It is 
 their ordinary prsidicc to roaft or broil their food) for 
 they are abfolHte Grangers to our method of boiling, as 
 appears tiom their mandiBrof prfrparins porpoife broth; 
 bciidcs, as they have only wooden veiTeu. it is impoffi- 
 blc for them to pcHorm fuch an operation. Their mai>- 
 ncr of eating aorrefponds with the nadinrfs of their 
 houfes and pcrfonsi for the platten and troughs, out of 
 which they eat their yidhials, fcfcm never to have been 
 walhod fincc their <»iginal foniuitioni tlie dirty remains 
 of a former meal, being only (wept away by a fucceed- 
 ing one. Every thing folid end tough, biey tear Ito 
 pieces with their hands and teeth ; for though their 
 knives are employed in cutting off thc W«r portions, 
 they have not yet endeavoured toreducethefeto mouth- 
 fuls by the fame means, though more cleartly )ind con- 
 I vcnient. But rhcy do not poHcfs even an idea of clean- 
 i linefs, and [cat conAantly the roots! wMch arct dug out 
 of the sround, without attempting to(|»ke off the foil 
 ^ that adncre& ta them. Whether they have any fet time . 
 I for their meals we never could find out, having feen them 
 eat at all hours in their canoes. But having obferved 
 ' feveral me(1«s of porpoife broth preparing aSaut noon. 
 I when we went to the village, they tn^y probably make a 
 I principal meal ;about that time. 
 
 Thefe pec^le have, bows, and arrows, (pears, (lings, 
 
 (hort truncheons miMle of bone, and a fmall pick..axe, 
 
 :fomcwhat refembling the common American toma- ; 
 
 hawk. Some of the arrows, are pointed with iron, 
 
 \ and others with, indented bone : the fpear has ufually a 
 
 long point madeof, bone. The tomahawk is a (lone of 
 
 the length of fcven or eight inches, one end tcrminat- 
 
 iiu; in a point, and the other fixed in a wooden handle. 
 
 This is intended to refemble the head and neck of a hu- 
 
 man figure ; the (tone being fixod in the mouth fo as to 
 
 reprefent a tongue of a great tnagnittide. To heighten 
 
 the refemblance, human hair is Wft feted to it. This 
 
 ; weuion is called taaweelh ; and they tukvc another made 
 
 of (tone, which they call feeaik. about ten or twelve 
 
 inches lo<^, havingafquarcpoint. From the number of 
 
 their weapons it maybereafonablycoocluded. that they 
 
 j engage frequently in clofc combats; and we had very 
 
 jdifagreeable proofs of their wirs b^ both frequent 
 
 |aqdl}lpody, fronivthe quantity of buatanlkiilb that 
 
 > were offered to us for falc. 
 
 Withrcfpei^ to thc dcfign and exeeutim of dietr 
 manufadtures, and mechanic arts, they tnnfmt exten. 
 (ive and ingenious than could pojflbly be e3tiAc6ted from 
 the patund difpoStion of ^spcopts, and the' litde 
 pwjgrefstbi^havcnBa^p in ctyiliwiiJii, The fbxenand 
 woolen gam^nts engi^^ir firft..<att, as being the 
 moft material oCr^t^jElMi^inay ^f«ia(&d; under the 
 head of manufafhires. Th* fixmet are &bricated 
 jfrom rh^ bai#t 9iH\^'tm^mi^h«ikmaii,rD».h lefem- 
 ;bling hemp., A&e| having be««y|Mep«red in a proper 
 !">»fw«fM^ f».fB«»*j^»po»'* mK Menedi to two 
 6 X _ others 
 
 
 vi 
 
 i 
 
54* 
 
 Gipl. COOK'i VOYAOBS COMPLETE. 
 
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 lij" 
 
 etlMftinMeKApafltion. T>wiMnufiidlurtr,irt»fl9 
 on her haiiM at thia fimpic iMchinr, knots it acroft, at 
 thediftance of about half an inch from each other, 
 with ftnall pbircd thrcadi. Though it cannot, bjr thi« 
 method, be rendered b clofe and nrm at cloth that it 
 woven, it it fuflkienriy imoervioui to the air, and it 
 likewise ibftcr and more pliable. Their woollen gar- 
 tnentt have much the appearance of woven cloth i nit 
 the fuppofltion of their being wrought in a loom it 
 deftroycd, bv the variout figures that are inoenioufly 
 infcrted in tnemt it being very, improbable tmit thele 
 people flwuld be able to produce fuch a complei work, 
 except immediately by their handt. They are of dif- 
 ferent qualitirii fome refcmblinf^ our coarfeft foit of 
 blankets ( and others not much inferior to our fineft 
 fort, and certainly both fofter and warmer. The wool 
 of which they an manu(ii6tufed, fecmt to be procured 
 fromdiflferenianimab, particularly the foi and brown 
 Knx. That from the lynx it the nneft, and nearly re- 
 lembiet our coaifcr wooli in colour i but the hair, which 
 alfo grows upon the animal, being intermixed with it, 
 caufes the appearance to be Ibmewhat different when 
 Wroufiht. The ornamental figures in thefe garments 
 atf difpofcd with grsat afte, wid arc generally of a dif- 
 ferent colour, being ufually dyed either of a deep brMnib 
 or a yctlowi the latter of which, when new, equals in 
 brigntnefs, the molt vivid in our beft carpeu. 
 
 Their tafte for carvii^ on all their wooden articles, 
 correfponds with that of working figures upon their 
 earmems. Nothing is to be ften without a kind of 
 treezc-work, or a reprefentation of fomt animal upon 
 it I but the moll comnKm one is that of the human 
 face. The general de^ of thefe figures conveys a 
 Afficient knowledge of the objcAs they are intended to 
 teprefcnt ; and in the execution of many of the maflct 
 ami heads, they prove themfeWet to be ingenious fculp- 
 tors. They preierve, with the greateft exadnefs, the 
 general chanaer of their own facet, and finilh the more 
 minute paita with great accuracy and neatneft. That 
 thefe pMple have a (bndneft for workt of thit fort it 
 obfervaUt fai a varietvof particulart. Reprefentationt 
 of human lM^r(8,binu,beaflt, fifh. and modeltof houfe- 
 hold utenfiU, were found among them in a very great 
 abundance. To their (kill in' the imiutive arti, we 
 may add their drawing them in colours. The whole 
 proceft of their whaM-filhery has been repreftntcdk in I 
 this manner, on the capt they wear. Theexecuiion 
 was indeed rude, but hereby we were convinced, that, 
 though they have not the knowledge of letters among 
 them, they have a notion of reprewnting aAions in a 
 lafting way, exdufive of recording them in their longs 
 and traditions. 
 
 The (hudhire of their canoes is fimple, yet diey are 
 well calculMed for every ufefiil purpofe. The largeft 
 fort, which in each one will contun upwards of twenty 
 people, are formed of a fingle tree. The length of 
 many of them is 40 feet, the breadth 7, and the depth 
 3. They become gradually, narrower from the middle 
 towards the end, the ftern ending, perpendicularly, 
 with a knob at the Cop, The forepart ftretchcs for- 
 wards, and upwards, and «ndh in a point, or prow, much 
 higher than the fidet of the canoe, which are nearly 
 ftraight. The greateft putof them are without any 
 ornament t hut fome havea little carving, and are fludded 
 with feals teeth on the furface. Thev have neither feats, 
 nor any other fupponers,on the infide, except fome fnull 
 round ftickt. kbout the fixe of A walking cane, placed 
 acrofs, about half the depth of a canoe. They are ver^ 
 light, and, on account of their breadth and flatneft. fwim 
 firmly, without an out-r^ger, of which they arealldef- 
 titutc. Their paddles, which are fnlall and light, re- 
 feinble a fmall Kaf in Ihape, being pointed at the bot- 
 tom, broad in the middle, tnd gradMlly becoming nar- 
 rower intheihaftt die whole length Wngobeve five 
 feet. By oonftant piiftke, they ntte aemrired great 
 dexterity in the tiisMgement of theft JJaddfea 1 %ut tlicjr 
 ncvernkktf ufe of uqF' fiiits. 
 
 In their employmdM of filhing And huttings tteTr in- 
 ftruraent» are tngeitoally oontrHfcd. and eimpleieiy 
 made. They confiH of Nett,- teolti,- ffiwif haipeonti 
 
 4 . ''■ ■ 
 
 
 I 
 
 gigi,aiidaninihumemfcfefflMingAqoar. Thelaflui 
 About 90 fcct in leiwth, fbur or five inches in breadth, 
 and of the thicknefs of half an inch. The edges for 
 about two thirds of its length, are fet with Iharp bone, 
 teeth I th« other third Icrvlhg for a handle. With this 
 inflnmwm they Itrike hcnirigs, fardincs, and other fifli 
 as come in fiioais. which are uken either upon or ih 
 the tecih. Their hooks, made of bone and wood, dif* 
 phy no great innnuity 1 but the harpoon, ufcd in firik- 
 ing whales, and other fea animalt, nuinifefts evident 
 contrivance. It confifts of apiece of bone, formed 
 into baibs, in which the oval blade of a large mufcle 
 Ihcll, and the point of the inftnimem are fixed. Two 
 or three fathoms of rope is fafiencd > to one end of 
 which the harpoon is fixed fo as to leave the fluift Roat- 
 ing, as a buoy upon the water, when the animal is 
 firuck. 
 
 As to their manner of catching land animals, or 
 killins them, we are Rrang'rsi but, it it probable that 
 they moot the fmaller font with their arrowi, and en< 
 counter heart, wolvet, ami foxet^ with their fpeart. 
 Sometimes they decoy them, by covering themfelvr* 
 with their fltint, and runnii.'^ upon all fours, at which 
 fport they are remarkable ni.nble. Fur the fame uur- 
 
 Kfei the mafkt, or carved heads, as well as the aricd 
 idt of different animalt, aieuficd. 
 Every particular of the rope kind, which they 
 ufe in making their variout articles, ii formed cither 
 from thongi of Ikins, and linews of animals, or from 
 the flaxen fubfiance, of which the^ manufaiilure their 
 mantlet. The linewt were fbmetimct fo remarkably 
 long, that it wat hardly polTible they cuiiKl have belonged 
 to any other animal than the whaV. The afTidancc 
 they receive from iron tooit contrib.ues to their dex- 
 terity in wooden performances. I'hri' implements are 
 alinoA wholly made of iron. 0:je v hiflcl indeed we 
 faw made of bone. This confifts of a flat long piece, 
 fallencd into a wooden handle. A (lone is their mallet, 
 and a bit of fifli-fliin their polilher. Some of thefe 
 chilTels were nine or ten inches in length, end three or 
 fwxr in breadth i but they were, in seneral, coniUerably 
 fmaller. The chiiTel and the knin are the prihcipM 
 fbmu that iron afliimes among them. Some of their 
 knives are very lars^, having crooked blades t the 
 edge beiiw on tU* back, or convex patt. They are 
 Iharpeneirupon a cdarfc Oate whetftone, and kept con- 
 tinually brigm. What we law »mong them, were about 
 the breadth and thicknefs of an iron noopi and their lin- 
 gular form plainly proves, that they are not of Euro- 
 pean make. Iron is called by the natives feekemaile, a 
 name which they alfo give to tin, and other white me-> 
 uls, It Ixnng fo common among thefe people, we were 
 anxious to diicover how it could oe conveyed to them. 
 On our arrival in the (bund, we perceived that they had 
 a knowledge of traffic, and an inclination to pur(ue itt 
 and we were afterwards convinced, that they had not 
 acquired this knowledge from a curfory interview with- 
 firangersi but with whom they carried on this traffic we 
 coiiia not learnt for though we faw fcveral articleiof 
 European manufiklure, fuch at braft and iron, yet it 
 does not follow, that they were received from European 
 nations. We could not obtain the lead information qf. 
 their having feen (hips, like ourt, before, nor of their 
 havingbeenengagedin commCTcewiih fuch civilized 
 people. Many circumftancet corroborate to prove 
 thit beyond doubt. On our arrival, they were eamcft 
 in their enquiries, whether we meant to fettle among 
 them, and whether we were friendly vifiton, informing 
 usjat the fame time, that they gave us wood and water 
 from motives of firiendlhip. This proves fufficiently, 
 that they confidered themfclves as proprietors of the 
 place, and dreaded no fuperiority: for it would have 
 Men an unnatoial enquiry, if any (hips had been here 
 before, and had fupplied themfclves with wood and 
 water, and then departed 1 for they might then reaftm- 
 ablycxpeftthacwe(boulddothefame. Itmuftbead- 
 n^ediTindeedt that diey exhibited no maiktot fur- 
 price At bdiolding our (hips; but this may, wim great 
 prapriety, be attributed to thejr natural indolence of 
 tiS^, and their wanting a thirft of curiofity. They 
 *^ were 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OOLKSlf, & 
 
 m 
 
 Tbekftu 
 in brtadth, 
 «edget tor 
 fliarpbone> 
 
 With thk 
 idochcr fifli 
 upon or ih 
 iwoad.dir« 
 ftdindrik. 
 cfti evident 
 ne, formed 
 •rge mufcle 
 iicd. Two 
 one end of 
 > ihaft float- 
 e animal is 
 
 animali, or 
 robable that 
 iti, and en< 
 fieir fpcan. 
 themfclvc* 
 I, at which 
 r fame pur- 
 ls the dried 
 
 which they 
 rnicd cither 
 Is, or from 
 allure their 
 remarkably 
 ivc belonged 
 ie afliftattcc 
 ) their dcx- 
 jlcnicnis are 
 indeed we 
 long piece, 
 their mallet, 
 me of thcfc 
 nd three or 
 confiderabljr 
 he prihcipv 
 ime of their 
 blade* ( the 
 :. They are 
 id kept con- 
 I, were about 
 iiid their fin- 
 lot of Euro- 
 *eekemaile, a 
 ;r white me' 
 iple, we were 
 ^ed to them, 
 [hat the^ had 
 to puruie its 
 hey had not 
 terview with 
 :his traffic we 
 ral articles of 
 I iron, yet it 
 tm European 
 iformation qf 
 nor of thetr 
 uch civilized 
 ite to prove 
 were eameft 
 fettle among 
 rs, informing 
 od and water 
 3 fufficiently, 
 ietors of the 
 It would have 
 ad been here 
 th wood and 
 t then reafon- 
 [tmuftbead- 
 nuiikt of fur- 
 y, with great 
 indolence of 
 iofiiy,* They 
 were 
 
 «cre never flfertM at the report of a mufquet. till ihfy. 
 one day, Owwed ut that their hide drcflct were impci 
 trahie to their (jpran andvrawi, when one of our jm. 
 pie flMta nuifiiuet bell through one of them tlHt hi^ 
 been (Ik tiiAa folded. Their aftoniihnient at this 
 pleinly indkMcd their Ignorance of the eflcft of Arc 
 arms. Thia wu afterwarda very frequently confirms, 
 when we uftd to (hoot birds, at which they appeared 
 gtcady confounded. Our explanation of the piece, to- 
 gether with the nature of iu operation, with the aid of 
 (hot and ball, ftruckthcmfo forcibly, as to convince 
 tis of their having no previous ideas on this matter. 
 Though (bme account of a vovage to this coaft. by the 
 Spaniards, in 177+, or 1775, had arrived in England 
 bdbre we failed, the circumdancc^ juft mentioned, 
 
 iirove, that thefe (hiiM had never been at Nootka. It 
 s alfo evident, that iron could not have been in fo many 
 hands, nor would the ufc of it have been fo well known, 
 if they had fo lately obtained the (trft knowledge of it. 
 From their general ufe of this meul, it probably comes 
 from fomeconftantfource.in thewayoftraflk.and they 
 have perhaps been longfuppUed with it 1 for they ufe their 
 tools with as much dexterity as the longed pradice can 
 acquire. The mo(t natural coniedure, therefore, is, 
 that they trade for their iron with other Indian tribes, 
 who may have fome communication with European 
 fettlements upon that continent, or receive it through 
 fcvcral intermediate nations. By the fame means they 
 probably obuin their brafs and copper. Not only the 
 rude materials, but fome manufai^ured articles feem to 
 have (bund their way hither. The brafs ornaments for 
 nofes are made in fo maderly a manner, that the Indians 
 cannot be fuppofed capable o( fabricating them. We 
 arc ceruin, that the materials are European, as all the 
 American tribes are ignorant of the method of making 
 bndsi but copper has been frequently met with, and, 
 fromiu dudUlity, might be ealily falhioncd into any 
 flwpe, and polifbed. if fuch articles are not ufed by 
 our traders to Hudfon's Bay and Canada, in their traflic 
 with the natives, they mud have been introduced at 
 Nootka from Mexicoi whence, it is probable, the two 
 filver table fpoona were originally derived. 
 
 With r; Tpe& to the religioua and political inftitutiona 
 eftabliihed among thefe pMple, we cannot be fuppofed 
 to have acquired much knowledge. However, we dif- 
 covered, that there were fuch men as chieft,di(lin|(ui(hed 
 by the title of Acweek, to whom the others are, in fome 
 degree, fubordinate. But the authority of each of thefe 
 
 Jrreat men, feems to extend no farther than to his own 
 amily, who acknowledge him as their head. Nothing 
 that we faw could give us an inftght into their notions 
 of religion, except the (igures already mentioned, callfed 
 klumma. The(e, perhaps, were idols > but as the word 
 acweek was frequently mentioned when they (poke of 
 them, wc fuppole thqr may be the images of (ome of 
 their anccAors, whofe memories they venerate. This 
 fiowever is all conjeAurc; for we could receive no in- 
 fernution concerning them, as we knew little more of 
 their languasc than to enable us to afk the namea of 
 things, and being incapable of holding any converfation 
 with the natives relative to their traditions, or their re- 
 ligious hillitutions. The word wakaih was frequendy 
 in their mouths. It feemed to exprcis approbation, apr 
 plaufc and friend(hip. Whenever they appeared to be 
 
 fileafed or fatisfied,they would callout wakafhl wakaih! 
 t is worthy of remark, that as thefe people diiTer from 
 the natives of the iflands in the P^cinc Ocean, in their 
 perfons, cuRoma, and language, we cannot fuppofe 
 their refpedive progenitors to have belonged to the (ame 
 tribe, when they emigrated into thoTe places where we 
 now find their defcendents< 
 
 Their language is, by no means, harfli or difagree- 
 able, farther than their pronouncing the k and h with a 
 ftronger afpiration, or more force than wc do. They 
 have one found, which is ver^ frequent, and not ufed by 
 us. It is formed in a particidar nMiiner by clalhfaig 
 the tongue partly againft the roof of the mouth. It u 
 diflkult to reprefcnt thu (bund by any compofition of 
 oiir lettei^ uideia fromlfztM) whkh ia getKrally u(ed 
 UM temiimtion. The next is cooqpoMd of Idi and 
 
 nany words end with t and fs. A l^inwn or two of 
 cack, of thefe is here put down. 
 
 OpoKkihl 
 '9nul(kthl . 
 iUh(herf* 
 Tce(heh< ^d 
 Kodttt ' - 
 Quahit. S* 
 
 - ftt SUH 
 
 m • The MttH 
 • - - Dftd 
 
 ' - T» lhrw)all*m 
 
 m - A tmmanJkuH 
 
 . • • Pifilim 
 
 Wimr '.a. 
 
 Tfliwack • - 
 Akkia - 
 Katfiifa - 
 Mo, or Moo 
 Sochah - 
 Nofpo - - - 
 Atflepoo - - 
 Atlaquolthl - - 
 Tfawaquulthl . 
 Haceoo - - - 
 
 - One 
 
 - Ttw 
 
 - 7*rw 
 
 - Fmr 
 
 - Ftve 
 
 . Six 
 
 • Eight 
 
 - Nine 
 
 - Tnf 
 
 With rcfpcA to the compofition of their language 
 we can fay very little, having been fcarcely able to dil- 
 tinguiih the feveral parts ot fpccch. We can only in- 
 fer from their manner of fpcaking, which is very flow 
 and diftind, that it has very few prcpolitions or con- 
 junflions J artd, as far as we could difcovcr, is deiiitutc 
 of even a (ingle interjeiition, to exprcfs admiration or 
 furprize. From having few conjundtions, it may be 
 conceived, that each fingle word, with them, will com- 
 prehend a great number of fuigle ideas « which. |ccms 
 to be the cafe I but, for the fame rcafun, tin language 
 will bedefe>ftive in other refpeds, not having words to 
 diftinguifh or exprcfs differences which really cxifti 
 and hence not fufficiently copious. This vim obrerved 
 to be the cafe, in many inftances, particutaily with re- 
 fpeCt to the lumes of animals. Inc relation or affinity 
 it may bear to other languages, either on this, or the 
 Afiatic continent, wc have not been able fufficiently to 
 trace, for want of proper fpecimens to compare it with, 
 except thofe of the Efquinuux, and Indians about 
 Hudfbn's Bay; to neither of which it has the lealt re. 
 femblance. On the other hand, from the few Mexican 
 words we have been able to procure, theri. is the moft 
 obvious aigrecment in the terminations of words. 
 
 In NoMka Sound it is high water, in the days of the 
 new and (ull nuxm, at twenty minutes after twelve; 
 the perpendicular rife and (all being eieht feet, nine 
 inchcai which is to be underftood of the day tides, and 
 thole which happen two or three days after the full and 
 new moon. The night tides, at this time, rife near two 
 feet higher. Some circumflances that occurred daily^ 
 relating to this, defcrve particular notice. In the cove 
 where we got wood and water, was a great deal of drift- 
 vrood call afhore, a part ot which we had to remove, 
 to come at the water. Now it frequently happened, 
 that lame pieces of trees, that we had removed in day, 
 out of the reach of the then high water, were found by. 
 us doated again in our way the next morningj and all 
 our fpouts for conveying water, thrown out of their 
 
 « laces, which were immoveable during the day-tides, 
 t^e found likewife wood, which wc had fplit up for 
 (tiel, and had placed beyond the reach of the day-tide, 
 floated away during the night. Some of thcfc circum- 
 flances occurred every night and morning, for three or 
 4bur days in the height ot the fpring tides. To render 
 our account of the tranfadions in Nootka Sound com- 
 plete we muft add, that by a variety of aftronomical 
 and nautical obfervations, we found its latitude to be 
 49 deg. 36 min. 6 fee. North, and iu longitude 333 deg. 
 17 min. 14 fee. Ea(t. 
 
 It has been already related, that we put to fea on the 
 36th of April, in the evening, with manifeft indica- 
 tions of an approaching flono; and by thefe figns we 
 were not deceived, for we had fcarcc failed out of the 
 Sound, when the wind Ihifted from N. E. to S. £. by 
 E. and blew a ftrong gale, with Iqualis and rain, the 
 (ky being, at the SuSie time, uncommonly black. Ap- 
 piehenfiveof the. wind's veerio^ mpre to the South, 
 which would apefe ui fo the danger of a lee-fliore; we 
 
 i 
 
 0.1 
 
 ik4 
 
 'I 
 
 
 ' '' 
 ;t:'i;l 
 
 
J44 
 
 Cipt. 
 
 COOK't VOYAOBS CUMPLBTB. 
 
 t6t the ucka (NrSoinfrarul made all the fail wr could 
 to the S. W. It fortunately happened, that the wind 
 veered no fanher towards the S. and ^. E. (o that 
 earlv the ne«t momtnn wc were entirely elear of the 
 toaft. The DircayKry bcin^ at fome diDancc aftern, 
 we brotight to till jhe catnr up, and then both vefrdi 
 rtcered .1 north -wclleriy tourlc. IWtween one niul two 
 o'clock V, M. there wai a tteilcct hurriinnr, infomuth 
 that our commodore thought it exceeding dDnucrou* 10 
 run any longer before iti wc therefore, agreeahle to hii 
 order, brought the fliipt to, with their hcaii.H to the 
 fouth. In thii fituation our (hip, the Kcfolution, fprung 
 A leak in her ftarboard «|iiarter, which at M\ aUrmcd 
 us greatly \ but after the water wai baled out, which 
 kept ui employed till midnight, we kept it under by 
 nKani of the pump. In the evening, the wind having 
 Ihiftcd to the fouthward, iti fury in fome mcafure 
 abated t upon which we ftretched to the weft : but about 
 eleven, the gale again increafcd, and continued till five 
 the next morning, when the ftorm fcemed to have fpent 
 iu force, and Mcamc moderate. The weather now 
 
 cIcariiM up, we were able to fee feveral Ici^ea around 
 UI, anJfteered more to th« north. At noon we fleered 
 N. W. by N. with a frellt gale and fair weather. But, 
 toward* the evenina, the wind again blew hard, with 
 fqualli and rain. With thii weiiher we continMed tiM 
 fame courfe till the 30th, when we fleered N. by Wl 
 intending to make the land. Captain Cook regretted 
 that wft could not do It ftNincr, at we were now pafllng 
 the foot whcrr the pretended (Iriit of Admiral de Fonte ' 
 hai been placed |)v geographer*. Though the captain 
 gave no credit to futh vaj^eand improbable ftoriei, he 
 » a» defiroui of keeping <he coafl of America abo«M, 
 that thi« point might be cleared up beyond difpute t but, 
 ai the fame time, he confldercd, that it would have 
 been very imprudent to have engaged with the land 
 while the weather^l'a( fo tempefluoui. or to have lofl 
 the advantage of a fair wind, by waiting f(ft left ftormy 
 weather. Thii day, at noon, by obTcrvation, we found 
 our latitude to be y\ drg. 3} mtn. north, and our Ion- 
 gitudc 335 dcg. 14 min. cafl. 
 
 ^}t«■ 
 
 r ' 
 
 V!^ 
 
 :1 
 
 m 
 
 Chap. xi. 
 
 • 
 P'nfirffs of Ibf Refolution miJ Difcnrr^ along the Mtfr/b-tt'/'/l cnafl of AiHnica — TUfy anfbef war Cafe Hinchinindc—' 
 Hehiuioiir of the nalivfs-^l'ro^rrfs up ibt Sound, and drparluire from ihfnce — Moniatue ijland — Im>aHtants of FriiKt 
 lyiUiam's Sound defcriM — 7he twojhips pivrerd along ihf iOiijIiSevfral capes named— Cook'j rivet difcwerei—Lieni- 
 truant King takes poffe^ou of the ceuHtrf — Hif reeeonon h ihf natives— Departure of the fl/ips from Cook's rtvef-'Pisfs 
 St. Hermogenes, and Jeveml (Uspes andtflands — LonjeHures roneeming a Ruffian letter trougvt on hard the Difcvutry— 
 A providential rftape—Tbe Jbipt arrroe at Owala/hka—Dffnption bf the huHour 6f SamfanooJha — Pnfeeution of the 
 voyage to the north'— Mr. lytUiamfon lands at Cape Nnvenbam-tlis report — Brijiol Bay— Extent of it— The /bifsokliged 
 to return hy reafou of ibefboalS'^Point Upright- heath and (harafltr of Mr, Anderfon. 
 
 O". 
 
 Friday the ift of May, not feeing land, we 
 
 fleered to the N. E. having a frefli breeze at 
 
 S. S. F.. attended with fqualli, fliowcri of hail and rain. 
 About I'even o'clock, P. M. we defcried land, diflant 
 tu'clve leagues. At four o'chxrk the nekt morning the 
 coafl was leen from S. E. to N. by W. the nearcft part 
 diflant five leagues. At the fame time, the northern 
 uointof an inlet, or at leafl what appeared to be ohe, 
 bore K. by. S. from whence to the northward, along the 
 coafl, there feeincd to be many btkys and harbours. At 
 fix, approachiiig nearer to tne land, we purfued the 
 dircdtionof it, fleerine N, W. by N. and between eleven 
 and twelve uepaflcda clufterof fmall illcs, fuuated 
 near the continent, to the itorthward of the fouthern 
 point ofan extcnflvc bay. An arm of this bay fcemed 
 •to reach towards the north, behind a round lofty moun- 
 tain, that flands between it and the Tea. To this emi- 
 .,^cnce Captain Cook gave the name of Mount Edge- 
 cumbe ; and the point of land projcdlin^ from it, was 
 called Cape Edgccumbe. The Cape lies in latitude 
 57 deg. 3 min. H. and in long. 224 dc^. E. The land, 
 except what is contiguous to the Tea, is of conlidcrable 
 height, abounding with hills. Mount Edgecumbc, 
 which far out-tops all the refl, was entirely covered 
 with fnow, as were alfo the other elevated hills t but 
 the lower ones, anti the fpots riling near the (ca, were 
 covered with wood. Purfuing our courfe to the north- 
 ward, wc found the coafl to trend to the N. and N. E. 
 for fix or feven leagues, and there formed a fpaciou^ 
 bay. Some ifland being in the entrance of it, we gave 
 it. (he name of the tlay of Iflands. 
 
 On Sunday the third, at half an hourmft four, P. M. 
 Mount Edgecumbe bore fouth 54 deg. E. a lame inlet, 
 N. 50 deg. E. and the mofl advanced point of land to- 
 wards th« N. W. lying under a very lofty mountain, 
 which waa called Mount Fair- Wekther, bore N. 31. dec. 
 weft. The inlet waa^named Crofa Sound, it being fim 
 obferved on the day (b nnarked in our calendar. An 
 eaflern promontory forttia the Ibuth-caflem point of thii 
 Sound; this we diflinguifhed by the name .of Crofs- 
 Cape. Under the above-mentioned peaked mountain 
 is a poitit, which was named Cape Fair- Weather. At 
 noon, this cape was diftant thirteen leagnes. Having 
 
 a 
 
 for feveral days light breezes, ve fleered S. W. and 
 VV. S. W. till the inornine of the fourth, when we 
 tacked, and flood towards the ftiore. At noon Mount 
 Fair-weather bore north, 63 dcg. E. This mount is 
 the highcfl of a chain or ridge of mountains, that rite . 
 at the north weflern entrance of Crofs Sound, and ex- 
 tend towards the N. W. parallel with the coan. They 
 arc covered with fnow, from the highefl fummit ilown 
 to the fca-coaft, except in a few places, where we could 
 difcern trees that feemed to rife, as it were from the 
 fca. About five o'clock, P. M. the top of a high 
 mountain appeared above the horizon, bearing n. 
 2f> dcg. W. forty leagues diflant. This we fuppoled to 
 be the mount Elias of Commodore Beering. In the 
 courfe of the day wc obferved a brownifli duck, with a 
 dark indigo head and neckt likewife feveral whales, 
 porpoifes, fcals, &c. Having light winds with occa- 
 (ional calms, we made but little way. On Wednefday 
 the 6th, the nearcft land being diflant eight leagues, we , 
 perceived, in a north-eaflerly dire^ion, the appearance 
 of a bay, and an ifland, by lU fouihem point, covered 
 with wood. This is probably the place where Beerti>g 
 anchored': Captain Cook, therefore, in honour of the 
 firft difcoverer, named it Beering's bays fouthward of 
 which the ridge ofmounnins is interrupted faw a plaio 
 of feveral leagues in extent, beyond which the fight wai 
 unbognded. On the fevcnth, at noon, we were five 
 leagues from the ftrore; from which ftaiion we obferved 
 a bay under the high land, with low woodland on each 
 fide of it. We now perceived, that the coaft trended 
 confiderably to the wefl. On the ninth, at noon. 
 Mount Elias bore N. 30 dec. E. diflant 19 leagues. 
 This flands twelve leagues inland, lat. 60 deg. 27 min. 
 N. long. 319 deg. E. 
 
 Sunday, the loth, we obferved In lat. 50 deg. 
 51 min. and in long. 215 dcg. 56 min. being only three 
 leagues diflant from the coaft of the contineat, which 
 exttnded from E. half N. toN. W. half W. u fiir uthe 
 eye could reach. To the weftward of the latter ilr 
 teition we faw an ifland, diflant fix leagues. Ap^>^ 
 which the Commodore named Cape Suckling^ ^eua 
 towards the north-eaftern end of the Iflind: Within 
 this cape ftands a hill of confiderable helgpt, omM 
 
 nom 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 S 
 
 VI 
 
 I 
 
 
 r 
 
 S 
 
 IN 
 
 r 
 
covened 
 
 5? d«g- 
 nlf three 
 
 ^ 
 
 i V) 
 
 •I p 
 1^ 
 
 J 
 
 > 
 
 I 2 
 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 It 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 l\ 
 
 : 
 
 r 
 
 
 } 
 
 
 i\ 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 ■fi 
 
 i 
 
 •r 
 
 ri 
 
 3 
 
 '^ I 
 3-1 
 
 ' ''fi 
 
 I-' 
 
 I 
 
 
1 i 
 
 
 4'^'i 
 
 ii' 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 j45 
 
 from the Tecond range of mountaini by low land ; lb 
 that the cape, at a diftance, has the appearance of an 
 ifland. A l»y is featcd on the north fide of Cape 
 Suckling, feeminglyextenfive, and flicltercd from moft 
 winds. Before ni^t, we had approached near enough 
 the cape to fee fome low land projcdting from it to the 
 N. W. we alfo obferved feme fmall illands in the bay, 
 and feveral elevated rocks between the cape and the 
 northacaftern extremity of the ifland. Early the next 
 morning the wind ftiifted from N. E. to N. which being 
 againfi us, the Commodore relinquiflied his dcfign of 
 coing into the bay, and bore up for the weft end of the 
 ifland. Having a calm about ten o'clock, we embarked 
 in a boat, and landed on the ifland, with a view of fee- 
 ing what lay on the other fide; but finding the hills to 
 be at a greater diflance than was cxpedlcd, we laid alide 
 that intention. On a fmall eminence near the fliorc, 
 the captain left, at the foot of a tree, a bottle contain- 
 ing a paper, on which the names of our fliips, and the 
 date of our difcovcry were defcribed : he inclofcd alfo 
 two lilver twopenny pieces of Enelifli coin, which, with 
 many others, had been fumiflied nim by Dr. Kaye, now 
 dean of Lincoln; and in teftimony of his ettcem for 
 that gentleman, Captain Cook called the ifland Kaye's 
 Ifland. It does not exceed 36 miles in length, and its 
 breadth is not above four miles in any part. The S. W. 
 point is a naked rock, elevated conlidcrably. Its lat. is 
 59 deg. 49 min. north, long. 216 dcg. 58 min. cafl. 
 Towards the fea, the ifland terminates in bare floping 
 cliff's, with a beach conflfling of large pebbles, inter- 
 mixed in fome places with a clayey (and. Some parts 
 of the-fhorc are interrupted by fmall valleys and gullies, 
 in each of which a rivulet or torrent ruflics down with a 
 conliderable degree of impetuofitv; lafliiiij perhaps no 
 longer than the whole of the fnow isdilTolved. The 
 valleys are filled with pine-trees ; and thcfc, indeed, 
 abound in other parts' of the ifland, which is covered as 
 it were with a broad girdle of wood. The trees, how- 
 ever, are far from being of an extraordinary growth : 
 on which account, they would be of no great fcrvice for 
 ihipping, except as materials for making top-^ailant- 
 malh, and other fmall things. Neither Canadian, nor 
 Cyprcfs pines, are to be fccn among them, but we faw 
 fome currant, and hawbcrry bulhcs, a yellow flowered 
 violet, and the leaves of other plants not yet in flower. 
 A crow was fcen flying about the wood : two or three 
 white-headed eagles, like thofe of Nooitka, were alfo 
 obferved ; befidcs another fpecies, equally large, which 
 has a whi : ; breaft. In our paflage from the uiip to the 
 Ihore, we fav/ a number of fowls fitting on the water, 
 or flying about; the principal of which were gulls, 
 burres, fliags, ducks, or large petrels, divers, and 
 Cjuebrantahuefl'es. There was alfo a fmgle bird flying 
 abotit, apparently of the gull kind, whofe colour was a 
 fnowy white, with fome black along part of the upper 
 fides of its wings. We faw one fox near a wood ; alfo 
 two or three fmall feals were feen on the fhore; but not 
 any traces of inhabitants could be found. 
 
 In the afternoon Captain Cook, with thofe who ac- 
 companied him, returned on board; after which wc 
 fct fail, and, with a light breeze from the eafl, wc 
 ftccrtd for the fouth-weft fide of the ifland, which we 
 got round by eight o'clock' in the evening; we flood for 
 the wefternmoft land, now in fight. At the north-eafl 
 end of Kaye's Ifland ftands another, extending N. W. 
 and S. E. about nine miles, to within the fame diflancc 
 t)f the north- weftem boundary, to which the name of 
 Con^tioller'a Bay was given. The next morning, be- 
 ing Tucfday the nth, Kaye's Ifland was ftill in fight, 
 bearing E. by S. At noon, when in lat. 61 deg. 1 1 min. 
 the caftem point of a fpacious inlet bore weft-north- 
 wc(V, three leagues difiant. From Comptroller's Bay 
 to this point, which the Commodore named Cape 
 Hinchinbrook, th« dircdion of the coaft is nearly E* 
 and W. Beyond this it appeared to incline towards 
 thcfouthi a dircdion very diflere*it from that marked 
 out in the modem charts, founded on the latedifcove- 
 rie« of the - Ruflians t infomuch, Hiat wc had fome 
 reafon to expe<5^, that we fliould find, through the 
 inlet before us, a paflage to the M. and that the land to 
 - No, 67, 
 
 the W. and S. W. was a group ot illands. Wc Iwd no 
 fooner reached the inlet, than the weather became ex- 
 ceeding foggy; it was therefore thought neceflary that 
 the fliips Ihould be fecured during the continuance of 
 the fog. \Vith this view we hauled clofe under Cape 
 Hinchinbrook, and cafl anchor in eight fathoms water, 
 at the diflance of about two furlongs from the (horc. 
 Soon after the boats were hoiftcd out, feme to filli, and 
 others to found. At intervals, the fog cleared away, 
 and gave us a profpccl of the neighbouring land. The 
 cape was one league dillantj the weftern point of the 
 inlet five leagues; and the land on that fide extended 
 to W. by N. Between this point and N. W. by W. we 
 could difcern no land. The moft wefterly point we 
 had in view on the north fliore, was at the diflance of 
 two leagues. Betwixt this point, and the fliore under 
 which our fliips now lay at anchor, is a bay about three 
 leagues deep, on the fouth-eaftern fide of which are 
 feveral coves; and in the middle are placed fome rocky 
 iflands. To thefe Mr. Gore was difpatched in a boatj 
 in order to fiioot fome birds. He had fcarcely reached 
 them, when about twenty natives appeared in two large 
 canoes; upon which he returned to the fliip, and they 
 followed him. They were unwilling, however, to ven- 
 ture along-fiih:, but kept at a little diltance, fliouting 
 aloud, and clafping and extending their arms alter* 
 nately. They then began a fong, much after the manner 
 of King George's, or Nootka Sound. I'heir heads were 
 ftrewed with feathers, and one of them held our a white 
 garment, which we fuppofcd was intended as a token 
 offiicndfliip; while . -mother, for near a quarter of an 
 hour, flood up in the canoe, entirely naked, with his 
 arms extended like a crofs, and motionlcfs. Their 
 canoes were conftruifted upon a different plan from thofe 
 of Nootka. I'he frame confilted of different laths, and- 
 the outfidc was formed of the Ikins of foals, or other 
 animals of a iimilar kind. Though fome of our people 
 repeated the molt common words of the language of 
 Nootka, they did not appear to undcriland them. 
 Alter they had received fome prefentsthat were thrown 
 to them, they retired towards the fliore, intimating by 
 figns, that they would pay us another vifit the next 
 morning. Two of them came off to us in the night, 
 each in a fmall canoe, hopine, perhaps, they might 
 h ive an opportunity of pilfering; tor they went away as 
 foon as they perceived themfelves difcovered. "The 
 wind, during the night, blew hard in fqualls, with rain, 
 and thick hazy weather. 
 
 On Wedncfday the 1 3th, at ten o'clock, A. M. the 
 wind becoming more moderate, wc got up our anchors, 
 and made fail, in order to fearch for fome convenient 
 place where we might ftop the leak, as our prefent 
 iituation was too much cxpofed for that purpofe. We 
 at firfl' intended to have gone up the bay bctbre which 
 our fliips had anchored] but, by the cicarnefsof the 
 weather, we were afterwards induced to fl^cer towards 
 the north, further up the great inlet. Having pafled 
 the N. W. point of the above-mentioned bay, we found 
 that the coaft, on that fide, inclined to the eaflward : 
 we did not follow it, but proceeded on our courfe to 
 the northward, for a point of land which wc obferved 
 in that direction. In the afternoon, before two o'clock, 
 the foul weather returned, with fo thick a fog, that we 
 could difcern no other land but the point juft mentioned, 
 ofl^ which we arrived between four and five o'clock, and 
 found it to be a little ifland, fituate at the diflance of 
 about two miles from the neighbouring coafl^, being a 
 point of land oivthe eaflem lic^ of which we difcovered 
 an excellent bay, or rather harbour: to this wc plied 
 up, while the wind blew in very hard fqualls, accom-* 
 rjanied with rain. In pading the ifland, we found a 
 muddy bottom, at the depth of twenty-fix fathomlt. 
 At length, about eight o'clock, we were obt^ed, by 
 the violence of the iqualls, to call anchor in thirteen 
 fathoms water, before we had proceeded fo far into the 
 bay as the Cooimodore intended; but we thought 
 ourfelves fonunate enough in having the fliips already 
 fecured, for the night waa exceeding tempefluous. But, 
 notw^thftandlngtwweathcrwas fo turbulent, the native* 
 were n^c deterred fiom paying us a vifit. Three pf 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 :<' I 
 
 
 ^ X 
 
 tham 
 
546 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i: 
 
 1 
 
 '! k 
 
 n 
 
 t: 
 
 i 
 
 SSSS 
 
 i 
 
 . » 
 
 * ' 
 
 • t 
 
 them came off in two canoei: two of them in one, and 
 one in the other, being the number that each canoe 
 could carry; for they were conftruded nearly in the 
 fame manner with thofe of the Efquimaux, except that 
 in one of them were two holes for two pcrfons to (it in, 
 and in the other but o'nc. The men had each a ftick, 
 about three feet long, with the large feathers, or wings 
 of birds, fattened to it, which they probably held up 
 to us as tokens of peace. The treatment thefe three 
 received, induced many others tovifitus, between one 
 and two o'clock the following morning, in both great 
 and fmall canoes. Some of them ventured on board 
 the Refolution, though not before fome of our people 
 had (lemjctl into their hims. Among thofe who came 
 on board, was a middle-aged man, who, as we after- 
 wards found, was a chief. His drefs was made of the 
 (kin of the fca-otter, and he had on his head fuch a 
 cap as is worn by the inhabitants of Nootka, embel- 
 lilhed with (ky-blue glafs beads. Any kind of beads 
 fcenicd t() be in high cftimation among thcfe people, 
 who readily gave in exchange (or them whatever they 
 had, even their fine fea-otter (kins. They coveted par- 
 ticularly iron, but abfolutely rejedtcd fniall bits, and 
 required pieces nine or ten inches long at Icaft, and 
 three or four fingers broad. But they obtained little of 
 this commodity from us, as by this time it was become 
 rather fcarcc. The points of fome of their fpcars were 
 of this metal; others were of copper, and a few were 
 bone; of which laft the points of their arrows, darts, 
 &c. «erc formed. The chief could not be prevailed 
 upon to venture below the upper deck, nor did he and 
 his cornpanions continue long aboard. While they 
 l^aid H itn us, it was necclFary to watch them narrowly, 
 as they foon manifefted an inclination (or thieving. At 
 length, when they had been three or four hours along- 
 fide the Refolution, they all quitted .her, and repaired 
 to the Difcovery, which (liip none of them had before 
 been aboard of, except one man, who came from her 
 at this very time, and immediately returned to her, in 
 company with the others. As foon as they had de- 
 parted from our (hip, Ciptain Cook difpatched a boat 
 to found the head of the bay; for, as the wind was 
 moderate at prefent, it was intended to lay the (liip 
 afliore, if a proper place could be found for the procefs 
 of flopping the leak. Soon afterwards all the Americans 
 quitted the Difcovery, and made their way towards our 
 boat that was employed in founding. The officer who 
 was in her, obfcrving their approach, returned to the 
 (hip, and all the canoes followed him. The crew of 
 the boat had no fooner repaired on board, leaving in 
 her by way of guard two of their numbers, than fevcral 
 of the natives (Icpped into her, fome of whom prc- 
 fented their fpears before the two men, while others 
 loofed the rope by which (be was faftened to the (hip. 
 and the red were fo daring as to attempt to tow her 
 away ; but the moment they faw we were preparing to 
 oppofe them, they let her go, (lepped into their own 
 boats, and made (igns, in order to perfuade us to lay 
 down our arms, being to all appearance perfcdlly un- 
 concerned. This attempt, thouch a very 'jold one, 
 was fcarce equal to what they had meditated on board 
 Captain Gierke's (liip. The man, wl.om we men- 
 tioned before as having condudediiis countrymen from 
 the Refolution to the Dilcovery, had firft been aboard 
 of the latter ; where, looking down all the hatchways, 
 and obferving no one, except the officer of the watch, 
 and two or three more, he doubtlefs imagined that (he 
 might be plundered with eafe, particularly as (lie was 
 llationed at fome diftance from the Refolution. It was 
 unquenionably with this intent, that the natives went 
 oil to her. Several of them repaired aboard without 
 the lca(t ceremony, and drawing their knives, made 
 (igns to the olficcr to keep off, and began to fearch for 
 plunder. The firll thing they laid their hands on was 
 the rudder of one of our boats, which they immediately 
 threw overboard to thofe of their party, who continued 
 in the canoes. But befdrc they could (ind another 
 objeft (hat (truck their fancy, the (hip's crew were 
 alarmed, and many of them, armed with cutlalTcs, came 
 upon deck. The plundercu's no [qofiet law thit, than 
 they all Ihcakcd off into their canocij, with^ evident 
 
 nurka of indifference. It was at this time that our boat 
 was employed in founding, a* we have already men- 
 tioned t and the natives, without delay, proceeded' to- 
 wards her, after the difappointment the^ had met with* 
 at the Difcovery. Their vifiring us (o early in the 
 morning was undoubtedly with a view of plundering, 
 on a fuppofition that they (hould find all our people 
 adeep. We were now on the point of weighing anchor, 
 in order to proceed further up the bay, when the wind 
 began to blow as violently as before, and was attended 
 with rain, infomuch that we were obliged to bear away 
 the cable ^Kain, and lie dtt. In the evening, perceiv- 
 ing the gale of wind did not abate, and Slinking it 
 might be fome time before an opporttmity of getting 
 higher up prcfented itfelf, the Commodore was deter- 
 mined to heel the (liip in our prefent ftation; and, with 
 that view, caufcd her to be moored with a kedgc anchor 
 and hawfcr. One of the Tailors, in heaving the anchor 
 out of the boar, was carried cver-board 1^ the buoy- 
 rope, and accompanied the anchor to the bottom. In 
 this hazardous (ituation he had prcfcncc of mind fu(fi- 
 cient todifengagc hiiufelf, and came up to ,thc furface 
 of the watei', w here he was immediately taken up, with 
 a dangerous fiadure in one of his legs. 
 
 On Friday the 15th, at day-break, we gave our fliip 
 a good heel to port, in order to Hop the leak, which, 
 on ripping off the (heathing, was found to be in the 
 feams. While the carpenters were employed in this 
 bu(inc(s, others of our people (illed the water-ca(ks at a 
 ftream not far from our (lation. On the i6th, towards 
 the evening, the weather cleared up, and we then found 
 ourfelves encompaded with land. Our ftation was oa 
 the cadern fide of the found, in a place didinguiflied by 
 the appellation of Snug-corner Bay. The Captain, ac- 
 companied by (bme of his officers, went to take a furvcy 
 of the head of it, and they found it to be (heltered from 
 all winds, having a muddy bottom at the depth of fevcn 
 to three fathoms. The land near the fliorp is low, 
 partly wooded, and partly clear: the clear ground wag 
 covered with fnow, but very little remained in the 
 woods. The fuinmits of the hills, in the neighbour- 
 hood, were covered with wood ; but thofe that were 
 at a greater diftance inland had the appearance of 
 naked rocks, covered with fnow. Our leak being at 
 length flopped, on the 17th, at four o'ckKk, A. M. 
 we weighed anchor, and fleered a N. W. courfe, with 
 a gentle breeze at E. N. £. Soon after we had made 
 fail, the Americans vifited us again. When we had 
 reached the north-weflern point of the arm wherein we 
 had anchored, we obferved that the flood tide came 
 into the inlet, by the fame channel through which wc 
 had entered. This circumflance did not much contii- 
 butc to the probability of a palfage to the north through 
 the inlet, though it did not make entirely againfl it. 
 Having pafl the point jufl mentioned, we met with 
 much foul ground, and many funken rocks: the wind 
 failed us, (o that, we had fome difficulty in extricating 
 ourfelves from the danger w ith w hich wc w ere threatened t 
 however, about two o'clock P. M. we cafl anchor under 
 the eaflern (hore, in 13 fathoms, and four leagues 
 diflant from our l^fl flation. I'he weather foon after 
 cleared up, and wc had a diflind view of all the fur- 
 rounding land, particularly towards the north, where 
 Jt appeared to clofe. This gave us but little hope of 
 meeting with a paffage that way; but, in order to form 
 a right judgment. Lieutenant Gore was fent out with 
 two armed boats to examine the nonhera arm; and, at 
 the fame time, the matter was difp:itched with two 
 other boats, to furvey another arm that fcemed to in- 
 cline towards the eafl. Both returned at night. By 
 the Matter we were informed, that the arm, to which 
 he had been fent, communicated with that we had laft 
 quitted, and thiit one fide of it was formed by a clutter 
 of iflands. Mr. Gore reported, " that he had feen the 
 entrance of an arm, whicn, he was of opinion, extended 
 i long way to the N. E. and that probably by it a pafliige 
 might be found." On the other hand, Mr. Robent. 
 one of the mates, who had been fent with Mr. Gore fo 
 (ketch out the parts they had examined, was of opinion 
 that. they faw the head of this arm. " The diugree- 
 ment of thcfe two opinions (obfcrves Captain Ccokjand 
 
 the 
 
: that our boBt 
 already mea- 
 procecdcd' to- 
 had met with* 
 early in the 
 f plundering, 
 II our people 
 ghing anchor, 
 'hen the wind 
 was attended 
 I to bear away 
 ting, pcrcciv- 
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 ity of gcttii^ 
 ire was dctcr- 
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 ng the anchor 
 by the buoy., 
 bottom. In 
 jf mind fuffi- 
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 I ken up, with 
 
 gave our (liip 
 leak, which, 
 i to be in the 
 loyed in this 
 itcr-calks at a 
 6th, towards 
 ive then found 
 lation was oa 
 UnguiQied by 
 '. Captain, ac- 
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 hclcered from 
 kpth ot fcvcn 
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 r ground was 
 allied in the 
 e ncighbour- 
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 leak being at 
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 ir'henwe had 
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COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 547 
 
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 the circumftances of the flood-tide «ntering the found 
 from the fouth. rendered the exiftence of a paflSige 
 thii war very doubtful. And. aithe wind in the morn- 
 ing had become favourable for setting out to fen, the 
 Cnpuh lelii ut, he refdved to ipend no more time in 
 fearching forapafTiBe in a place that promifed fo little 
 fucceft. Belidei. ir the land on the weft fhould prove 
 to be iflandi. agreeable to the late Ruflian Difcovcries, 
 we could not rail of getting far enough to the north, 
 and that in good time 1 provided we did not lofe the 
 feafon in fearching placet, where a paflagc was not only 
 doubtful, but improbable. We were now upward of 
 
 {[lo Ijcagues wcftward of any part of Baffin's, orof Hud- 
 on'i Bay, and whatever panage there may be, it muft 
 be, or at lead part of it muif lie to the north of lati- 
 tude 73 deg. Who could expcdt to find a paflage or ftrait 
 of fuch extent?"— Notwithftanding the plaufibility in 
 the face of this reafoning, our readers will fee, it is little 
 more than mere conjcoure ; and might we hazard our 
 opinion againft the judgement of lb able a navigator, 
 %re muft confeft. that the latter it not coincident with 
 hit ufual precifion ; nor can we think his conduA, in the 
 above fearch, conxfponds in all particulars with his 
 ufUal afTiduity. This is <ertain, the arm near Cape 
 HinchinbrouK, above alluded to, and the northern part 
 of Hudfon'.i Bay, lie between the fame parellcls of lati- 
 tude; and it hat been the united opinion of all our mod 
 Ikilful navigators andgcographert, thatifa N. W. paf- 
 fagc docs exift, it mult be through Hudfon's, or Baf> 
 tin's bay. As to the Ruffian Difcoveries, or thofc of any 
 other monopolizing, trading companies, they have been 
 of little fen ce hitherto to navigation, and. with refpedl 
 to tlieir credit, of very fmall value. It were therefore 
 to be wifhed, that the report of fo able an officer as Mr. 
 Gore had been more particularly attended to; for we 
 think, if the dcHrable paflagc can be fouiid, it muft be 
 in a lower latitude than 73 dcg. apd through Ibmc arm 
 or ftrait. This is our own private opinion, and we do 
 not wi(h to infringe upon the judgement of others, we 
 wi(h this> facred privilege always to remain inviolate, 
 with every member of civil fociety. 
 
 On Monday, the 18th, about three o'clock A.M. 
 we weighed, and made fail to the fouthward, down the 
 _ inlet, with a light northerly breeze. We were enabled 
 to ftiorten our run out to fca, by difcovering another 
 palfage into this inlet, to the S. W. of that by which we 
 entered. It is feparated from the other, by an ifland 
 that extends 1 8 lek{;:ues in the diredlion of S. W. and 
 N. E. to which our Comnnxlore gave the name of 
 Montague Ifland. In this fouth-weftem channel are 
 ieveral iflandt. Thofe fituated in the entrance next 
 the open fca, are elevated and rocky. Thvfe that lie 
 within are low} and as they were toully free fromfnow, 
 they were, for this reafon. called Green Illands. At 
 two o'clock. P. M. the wind veered to the S. W. by S. 
 which put ut under the necefTity of plying. We firft 
 ftretched over to within the diltance of two miles of 
 the eaftern fhore, and tacked in 53 fathoms. When we 
 ftood back to Montague Ifland, we difcovcred a ledge 
 of rocks, fome under water, and others above the fur- 
 fiice. We afterwards met with fome others towards the 
 middle of the channel. Thffe rocks rendering it dan- 
 gerous to ply durinethe night, we fpent it in fhinding 
 off and on, under Montague Ifland 1 for the depth of 
 water is fo^reat, that we could not caft anchor. The 
 next morning, at break of day, we (leered for the chan- 
 nel between the Green Ifland and Mdntague Ifland. 
 which is between two and three leagues in breadth. 
 About eight in the evening, we had a perfedl calmj 
 when we let go our anchors at the depth of twenty-one 
 fiithonns. over t muddv bottom, diftant about two miles 
 from Montague Mand. After the calm had continued 
 till ten o'clock the fucceeding morning, a flight breeze 
 ^rung up from live north, with which we again weighed 
 and made fail. 
 
 Having got out into the open fea. by fix in the even- 
 mg. wedifcovendthatthccoaft trended W. by S. as 
 liir at the tyt couM retch. To tiie dace we had juft 
 left the Conunodoivg«ve die name of Rinse William't 
 Sound. It fteMi to MC^pgr* m lidk, one degtee and 
 ' 4 1 
 
 1 
 
 a half of latitude, and two degrees of 7>-«ngitud«i ex- 
 clufive of the branches or arms, with whofe extent we 
 are unacquainted. The natives, in general, arc of a 
 middling ftature, though many of them are under it. 
 They are fauare, or ftrong chcfted, with ftiort, thick 
 necks, and large broad vifages, which are, for the molt 
 part, rather flat. The moft difproportioned part of their 
 body appeared to be their heads, which were of grert 
 magnitude. Their teeth were of a tolerable whitcncfs, 
 broad, well fet, and equal in flze. Their aofes had full, 
 round points, turned up at the tip; ami their eyes, 
 though not fmali. were fcarccly proportioned to the 
 largcnefs of their faces. They have black hair, flronp, 
 ftraight, and thick. Their beards ucre, in general 
 thin, or deficient; but the hairs growing about the lips 
 of thofe who have them, were briftly or ttitY, and often 
 of a brownifli colour. Some of the elderly men had 
 Urge, thick, ftraight beards. The variety of their fea- 
 tures it confiderable. Very few, however, can be faid to 
 be handfome, though their countenance ufually indi- 
 catet frankneft, vivacity, and good nature ; and yet fome 
 of them fhewcd a referve andfullcnners in their afped. 
 The facet of fome of the women are agreeable ; and 
 many of them, but principally the younger ones, may 
 eafily be diftinguiihed from the other f'cx, by the fupe- 
 rior foftnefs of their featyres. The complexion of fome 
 of the females, and of the children, is white, without 
 anv mixture of red. Many of the men, whom we faw 
 naked, had rather a fwarthy caft, which was fcarccly 
 the cffcdl of any ftain, it not being a cuftom among 
 them tojxiint their bodies. Both fcxcs, young and 
 old, of this found, are all cloathed in the fame manner. 
 Their ordinary drefs is a fort of clofc frock, or rather 
 robe, which fometimcs reaches only to the knees, but 
 generally down to the ancles. It has, at the upper part 
 a hole juft fufficient to admit the head, with flecves 
 reaching to the wrift. Thefe frocks arc compofed of 
 the fkins of various animals, and they arc commonly 
 worn with the hairy fide outwards. Some of the na- 
 tives have their frocks made of the fkins of fowls, 
 with only the down left on them, which they glue upon 
 other fubftances. The feams, where the dift'erent 
 fl<ins are fewed together, are ufuslly adorned with 
 fringes or taffcls of narrow thongs, cut out of the fame 
 fkins. A few have a fort of cape or collar, and fome 
 have a hood ; but the other is the moft cuftomary form, 
 and appears to conftitute the whole of their drefs in 
 fair weather. When it it rainy, they put over this ano- 
 ther frock, made with fome degree of ingenuity from 
 the inteftines of whales, or fome other lai;ge animal, 
 prepared with fuch fkill, as » refemble, in great mea- 
 fure, our gol<^ beater's leaf. It is formed fo as to be 
 drawn tight - . jnd the neck ; and iti fleeves extend down 
 to the wr .. round which they are faftened with a ftring. 
 When in their canoes, they draw the fltirts of this 
 frock over the rim of the hole in which they fit. fo that 
 the water by this means is prevented from entering: at 
 the fame time it keeps the men dry upwards, for no 
 water can penetrate through it. Yet, if^not conftantly 
 kept moift. it it apt to crack or break. This frock, as 
 well u the common one made of fkins, is nearly fimilar 
 to the drefs of the natives of Greenland. Though the 
 inhabitants of this inlet, in general, do not cover their 
 lq;s or feet, yet fome of them wear a kind of fkin- 
 ftockings. reaching half way up their thighs. Few of 
 them are without mittens for their hands, formed from 
 the (kin of abear't paw. Thofe who wear any thing 
 on their heads, refembled. in this particular, the people 
 of Nootka Sound, having high truncated conical caps, 
 compofed of ftraw. and fometimes of -wood. "The hair 
 of the men is commonly cropped round the forehead 
 and neck, but the females fuffer it to grow long ; and 
 the greaKft part of them tie a lock of « on the vown, 
 while a few. after our cuflom. club it behind. Both 
 men and women perforate their ears with fcveral holes, 
 about the outer and lower part of the edge, wherein 
 they fufpend fmali bunches of b«ids. "They likewife 
 perforate the feptum of the nofe, through which they 
 often thruft the quill-feathers of birds, or little bending 
 omamentt^madeof atubulou^ flielly fubftance, ftrung 
 
 on 
 
 ir 
 
 ■i 
 
 m 
 
548 
 
 Capt. 
 
 C O Q K> 
 
 VOYAGES COM p U E T J&. 
 
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 II i 
 
 on a AifF cord, or the length of tbrcc or four ii|chc», 
 which oive them a ridkuloui and< nrot«(^uc a|>pcar- 
 ance. But the moft extraordinary fajhioR, adopted by 
 fomeof the natives of both fexes, ii their having tlic 
 under-lip cut quite through length«'if<;, rather below 
 the (Welling part. Thi^ incifioii frequently exc<c<}i two 
 inches in ler^h, and. either by iu natural rcUfiilion 
 while the wound ii (lyi fre(h, or by the repetition of 
 fome artificial management, aflumc* the appearance 
 •ndfliape of lipt,andl>ecome(fufficiently largetoadmit 
 the tongue through. When a perfon With hit under- 
 lip thus flit, was firft fcen bv one of our (ailors, he im« 
 mediately exclaimed, that the man had two mouths t 
 which, indeed, it grtatly refembles. They fix in this 
 artificial mouth, a flat, narrow Und of ornament, made 
 principally out of a folid (hell or bone, cut into fmall 
 narrow pieces, like teeth, almoft down to the bafe, or 
 thick part, which has, at each end, a projedling bit, 
 that fcrves to fupport it when put into the divided lip* 
 the cut part then appearing outwardi. Some pf them 
 only perforate the lower-lip into feparatc holes i on 
 which occafion the ornament coaflAs of the fame num- 
 ber of diftindt flielly (luds, the points of which arc 
 thruft through thefc holes, and their heads appear 
 within the lip, not unlike another row of teeth under 
 their natural ones. Such arc the native ornaments of 
 thefc people: but we obfcrvcd among them many beads 
 of European manufadlure, chiefly of a pale blue co- 
 lour, which are hung in their ears, or about their caps, 
 or are joined to their lip ornantKnts, which have a little 
 hole drilled in each of the points to which they are faf- 
 tened, and others to them, till they fomotimes hang even 
 as low as the point of the chin. In this laft cafe, how- 
 ever, they cannot remove them with fuch facility; for, 
 with refpe^ to their own lip>ornaments, they can take 
 them out with their tongues at plcafurc. They like- 
 wife wear bracelets of b^ds made of a Ihclly fubflance 
 refembling amber, and of a cylindrical form. They 
 are, in general, fo fond of ornaments of fome kind or 
 other, tratthey fix a variety ef things in their perfo- 
 rated lip: one of them appeared with two of our iron 
 nails projeding like prongs from it; and another man 
 attempted to put a large brafs button into it. The 
 men often paint their faces of a black colour, and of a 
 bright red, and fometinKS of a blueifh or leaden hue. 
 but not in any regular figure. The women pundlure or 
 (lain the chin with black, that comes to a point in each 
 of their checks; a cuftom fimilar to which is in vcgue, 
 as we have been informed, among the Greenland fe- 
 males. Upon the whole, we have not in any country 
 fcen favages, who take more pains than thefe do to dif- 
 figure their perfbns with imaginary ornaments. 
 
 They have two fbru of canoes; the one large and 
 open, the other fmall and covered. They diner no 
 otherwifc from the great boats in Greenland, than in 
 the form of the head and ftem, particularly of the fmr- 
 mer, which fomewhat refembles a whale's head. The 
 framing conlifls of flender pieces of wood j and the ouu 
 fide is comnofed of the fkins of fcals, or other fea ani- 
 malfi, ftreic^ over the wood. Their fmall canoes arc 
 conliruAed nearly of the fame fivm and materials with 
 .•hofe of the Esquimaux. Some of theie cany two 
 |.<crfbns. Their fore part is curved like the head of a 
 vioiin. Their weapons and implemenu for hunting 
 and fifliing,arc the lame with thofe ufcd by the Green- 
 landers. MaMiy of their fpears are headed' with iron, 
 and their arrows are generally pointed witt) bone. 
 Their larger daru are thrown by means of a piece of 
 wood^about a foot iong, with a fnitaU groove in the midh 
 die, which receives tho dart: at the bottom ia a hole for 
 theitception of one finger, which enables them tografp 
 the piece of wood much fimncr, and to throw with 
 greater force. For dcfenfive. armour they hf vc a fort of 
 jacket, oc a coat of mail, formed of laths, fiifteaed toge- 
 ther with finews, which render it very flexible, though: 
 it it fo clbfe as not to admit a dart oc amnr. It fcrvca 
 only to cover the trunk of the body, and: may, noc im-; 
 pio|ie^ be compoied tottar (lays wo^by our wo-, 
 men* ■' 
 We badnoi •» opgp&m^ of CK'v*S'b^: (tf tluthtf 
 
 Ibuanonsof the natives, «s none of ihcni dw«lt in the 
 b»y. where our Ihips anchored, or where any of ua 
 tanlcd: but with refpctfl to theirdomeAic utenflls, they 
 brought, in their canoes, fooK round and oval wooden 
 diflics, rather flifllow; an^ otheraof a cylindrical fomy 
 conlif'erably deeper. The fi4cs arc one piece bent roan<«, 
 after the manner of our chip-boxes, but thick, and 
 neatly faflened with thongs, the bottoms being hea^lr 
 fixed m with fmall pegs of wood. Others were fome- 
 what fmallcr. and of a more elegant figure, not unlike 
 a large oval butter-boat, without any handle, but flial- 
 lowcr; thefe were compofed of a piece of wood, or 
 fome horiw fubflance, and were fomctimes neatly 
 carved. They hac^ in their poflcflion a great number of 
 little fquare bags, made of tht fame gut with their ex# 
 tenor frocks, curioufly adorned with very fmall red fea- 
 thers interwoven with them, in which were conuined 
 feveral very fine finews, apd bundles of fmall cord, 
 made out of them, plaited with extraordinary inge- 
 nuity. They hkewife had fome models in wood of 
 their canoes; chequered bafkets, wrought fo clofely «• 
 to hold water, and a confidcrable number of little 
 images, four or five inches high, either of wood, or 
 fluffed, which were covered with a piece of fur, and 
 cmbcllifhcd with auill-fcathersi with hair fixed on their 
 heads. We could not detf:rq[unc whether thefe were in* 
 tended merely as children's toys, or were applied t9 
 fuperf^itious purppfes. They have many inttrunwnu 
 formed of two or three hoops, or conccntrical pieces of 
 wood, having a crofs bar fixed in the middle, by which 
 they are held. To thefc they fix a number of dried 
 barnacle flieils, with threads, which, when fhaken, pio- 
 ducea loud noifc, and tl)ua fetvc.thcpurpofc of a rat- 
 tle. This contrivance is probably a fublfitutc for the 
 rattling bird at King Qcorgc's Sound. It is uncer^in 
 with what kind of tools their wooticn utcnfils, frames of 
 canoes, &c. are made i theonlvonc that we obferve4 
 among them being a fort of (lone-adze, fomewhat re-» 
 fcmbling thofe of Otaheile, and other iflands in tho 
 Pacific Ocean. They have a great ouan^ity of iron 
 knives, fome of which arc rather curved, (tthers flraight, 
 and fome very fmall ones, fixed in longilli bandies, 
 with the blades bent upwards. They have alfo .knives, 
 fomeof which arc aimoll two fec^ in length, (hapcd, in 
 a great mcafurc like a dagger, with a ridge towards 
 the middle. Thefc they wear in flicaths of (kin, hung 
 by a thong round their necks, under their robe or frock. 
 ; It is probable, that they ufe them only as u capons, and 
 " that theirother knives are applied to different purpofes*- 
 Whatever they have, is as well made as if incv were • 
 provided with a complete chefl of tools ; and their 
 plaiting of fipews, fcwing, and fmalUwork on their 
 little Mgs, may be found to vie with the neatefl manu- 
 faiSuret in any part of the globe. Upon the whole, 
 confidering the uncivilized flate of the natives of thia 
 fbunJ, their northerly fituation, amidA a country ahnofl 
 continually covered with fnow, and the comparative 
 wretched materials they have to work with, it appears, 
 that, with refpedl to their fltill and invention, in all ma^ 
 nual operations, they are at leaA upon a tooting with 
 any other people in the iflands of^ the great Pacifip 
 Ocean. 
 
 The animal food, we faw them eat, was either roaAcd, 
 or broiled : they feed alfo on dried fiih. Some of the 
 former that was purchafcd, had the appearance of bear'* 
 flefli. They likewife eat a laiger fort of fern-root, eithes 
 baked, or drefled in £»me other method, ^mc of our 
 company obfcrvcd themljOfeat fVecly of a fubfVance, which 
 we imagined was thcinteriorpart of the pine bark. Theic 
 drink, in •;!! probability, is watcrj for, in their canoes, 
 they brought Oiow ia their wooden ycfTcls, which they 
 fwalk>wcd by mouthfuis. Their muner of eating is 
 4ecflM and cleanly, loir they conflantly took care to re- 
 iboire any dirt that:.might- adhere to their iaqdi ami, 
 though tney would fomAimcs eat the raw fitt pf a fe| 
 aoinMl,yet, they did not fail roeut4t carefully into 
 Biouthfuls. To aU appearance, their perfons were al- 
 ways free from fllthi and their jutop^fila, io general) wera 
 kept in. exceltent.ovdcr, Of Mrp.yUa their Ip^t^ 
 ThitUnsuagr ^^i/kfmk^fmifA Oil^ult ito be 
 t ' t^dcrAoodj 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 
 
 549 
 
 «lttn tiif 
 iiw of Uf 
 :nuli, they 
 •I woodca 
 
 hick. u4 
 ingneaflf 
 rcrc romei> 
 IOC unlike 
 
 but flifll* 
 
 wood, or 
 tei neatly 
 number of 
 I their ex* 
 ill red fea* 
 
 contained 
 inall :ord, 
 lary ingc* 
 1 wood of 
 )ck>fcly ^» 
 r of little 
 
 wood, or 
 f fur, and 
 :d on their 
 :f<; were ia* 
 
 applied tp 
 nttrumenti 
 il pieces of 
 , by which 
 :r of dried 
 aken, pro- 
 c of a rat. 
 te for the 
 
 uncer^ih 
 s, if amct of 
 e obferved 
 newhat re* 
 nds in thq 
 ity of iron 
 erg (li^ielit. 
 Hi handles, 
 alfo knives, 
 (hapcd, in 
 {c towards 
 
 (kin, hung 
 be or frock. 
 :apons, and 
 It purpofes*- 
 f tncv were • 
 I and theip 
 k on their 
 iteft ninw- 
 the whole, 
 ive< of thi» 
 intry ahnoft 
 :oinparative 
 
 it appean, 
 I, in all ina^ 
 jotins with 
 reat PacUip 
 
 thcrroallcd, 
 >me of the 
 icc of bear'* 
 kroot,eithci 
 ionne of our 
 lance, which 
 bark.Thcif 
 :hctr canoes, 
 
 >vhich they 
 of eating is 
 k care to re- 
 r food: and^ 
 
 iktpf a feai 
 ueAilly into 
 bns were aU 
 Kaeral) wer^ 
 
 iffifultitobf 
 l^derftoodi 
 
 lindcrftood: this, perhapi, was not owing to any confu. 
 flon, or indiftindlnefs in their ibumk, but to the various 
 fignifications whwh their words bear : forthey frequently 
 made ufe of the fame word on diticrent occafionit 
 though, probably. If we cogld have had a longer inter- 
 cour^ with them, this might have proved a millake on 
 pur part. Antoog the few words and phrafm the inge- 
 )iious Mr. Anderlon waa enabled .to procure, wc have 
 fcleded the following: 
 
 Ahleu _ . - yf S^ar 
 
 Amilhtoo ~ - A Piece of white bear's jhin 
 
 Kcelafluik • . - (#«// if "which they make jackett 
 
 Natooneftiuk Vbt Skintf a ft^-tttrr 
 
 Lukluk ~ - ' A BrvwnJbagji^Jkiii 
 
 Namuk . . An OrnanttM Jor the ear 
 
 Aa • • • • 7<r/ 
 
 Chilke . . . Ow , j 
 
 Taiha .... Two . 
 
 Tokke> . • - Three 
 
 Qiukelo - . - FoHT 
 
 Koeheene . - - Fhif 
 
 Takulai . ^ . Si:( 
 
 Keichillho - - Seven 
 
 Klu or Kliew - - Eight 
 
 PlIltASCt. 
 
 Yaut - - - " til n: or, /ball I go f 
 
 Whaehai - - ~ Shall I keep it? Do you give it me f 
 
 Tawuk - - - Keep it 
 
 Wcona or Veena - Stranger {calling to one) 
 
 Ooonaka I ^'^^ •''*' ''"^'"^ ■^'"^ '^" '^ ^I'lg' 
 
 ^joonaiu " * I lomef 
 
 Keeta - - - - Give mefmelbingf 
 
 Naema « - - Give mefomtthing in exchange f 
 
 Akaihou - * *. fVhat's the name of that f 
 
 With regard to the numerals, Mr. Andcrlbn obfcrvcs, 
 that me words correfponding to ours, after pafling three, 
 are tan cettain. 
 
 Out knowlcdgo of the animals of this part of Ame- 
 rica, is entirely derived from the (kins that were brought 
 by the natives for fale. Thcfc were princijpally ot 
 bears i common, and pine martins ( fea^tters,. ieals, ra- 
 coon*, fnrnil ermines, foxes, and the whiti(h cat or lynx. 
 Among theft various (kins, the moft common are thofe 
 of racoons, maitins, and fea>otteni which for^ti the or- 
 dinary drds.of thcle people t but the fkins of the. mar- 
 tins which were in general of a far lighter brown than 
 thofe of Nootka, were greatly fuperior to them in point 
 «f finenefsi whereas thofe of the Ica-ottcrs, which, as 
 well as the martins, were much more plentiful here than 
 at Nootka, fecmedtobc confiderably inferior in the 
 thicknefs and fincncfs of their for, though they far ex- 
 ceeded them with refpeA to fizet and were, forthcmoA 
 en, of the glofly black fort. The (kins of fealsi and 
 ars, were alfo very common t the former were, in ge. 
 neralj white; and many of the bears, here, were of a 
 tiark brown hue. Be(ulcs thefe animals, there is the 
 white bear, of whofe (kins the natives broueht fcveral 
 pieces, and foihe complete (kins of cubs. Here is alfo 
 the wolverene, or qtiictchatch, whofe (kin has very bright 
 colours; and a larger fpccies of ermine than the com- 
 mon one, varied with brown, and fcarccly any black on 
 its tail. The (kin of the head of fome very large ani- 
 mal was brought to us, but we could not decide pofi- 
 tively what It was; though from the colour, and 
 (hagginc(s of the hair, and its not refembling any 
 landanimal, w^e Conje&urcd, that it might be that of 
 the maleurfine-feal, or fca«bcar. But one of the moft 
 beautifol fkins that fell under our confidcratinn, is that 
 of a fmall animal near a foot in length, of a brown co- 
 lour on the back, with a number of obfcure whitilh 
 fpecks, the fides being of a bluei(k afli colour, with a 
 few of thofe fpecks. The tail is about a third part 
 of the length ot the body, and is covered with whitiflt 
 hair. This animal is doubtlefs the £ime with that 
 which is called by Mr. Stathlin,. in his account of the 
 New Northern ArcHipelago^ the (botted fidd-moufe: 
 but whether it is really of the moule kind, or a fquir- 
 No. 67. 
 
 rcl, wc could not learn, nor determine, <br want of en- 
 tire (kin.i I though Mr. Anderfon was inclined to be- 
 lieve, chat it is tnc fame animal which fome of our na- 
 turalifls have dcfciibcd Mnder the appellation of the 
 caliln-m.irinoc. The great number of (kins that we 
 faw at this i>iace, dcmonftrates the abundance of the 
 various animals we have mentioned ; yet, it is fumcwhat 
 remarkiiblc, that we neither met with the (kins of the 
 inoofc, nor of the common fpc(;ics of deer. Ah to the 
 bird* we found the halcyon, or great king-hfher, having 
 line blight colours; the (lug; the white headed eagle; 
 ami the humming bird, which often tlcw about our (hips, 
 while wc lay at anchor; thou)jh it cannot be fuppofed to 
 live here, during the winter, *hich muft be extremely 
 fcvere. The water-fowl fcen by us were black fea- 
 pirs, with red bills, fuch as we met with at Van Diemcn's 
 Lnnd. Some of our people brought down a fnipe, a 
 grotlfe, and fome plovers : but rtotwithftanding the wa- 
 ter.fowl were numerous, particularly the geefe and 
 ducks, they were fo (by, that it was a difficult matter to 
 get within (hot; in confeqUence of which, we pro- 
 cured a very inconftderabic fupply of them as rcfrefh- 
 ments. The duck ii about the fize of our common 
 wild one) of a deep black, with red feet, and a fliorc 
 painted tail. Its bill is white, tinged towards the point 
 with red. and has a large black foot, almod fquare, near 
 its bafe.on each (i;le, where it isaifofomewhatdiftended. 
 On the forehead is a large triangular white fpot ; and on 
 the hinder part of the neck is one ftill laiger. The co- 
 lours of the female are much lefs vivia than thofe of 
 the male; and (lie has noneof the ornaments of the bill» 
 excepting thofe of the two black fpots, which are ra« 
 ther oblcure. We obferved a fpccies of the diver, 
 which feems peculiar to this place. In (ize, it is equal 
 to a partridge, and has a (hort. black, comprelTed bill. 
 Its head, and the upper part of iu neck, are of a 
 brownilb black; and the remainder of its body is of a 
 deep brown, waved obfcurely with black, except the 
 under part, which is totally of a blackilh caft, minutely 
 varied with white. We found alfo a fmall land bird, « 
 the fmcb kind, about tire bignefs of a yellow-hammer; 
 but we imagined it to be one of thole Which change 
 their colours with the feafon, and with their diflferent 
 migrations. It was, at this time, of a du(ky brown 
 with a reddifh tail ; and the fuppofed male had, on the 
 crown of the head, a large yellow fpot, with fome var 
 ricd black on the upper part of its neck; but the laner 
 was on the breall of the female. 
 
 With refpeift to the (Ub, what the natives brought to 
 us for fale, were torfk aind halibut. We caught fome 
 fculpinsaboutthe(hip;and(tar-iiKhof a purpliih hue, 
 that had (ixteen or elKhteea rays. The rocks were al- 
 mod deftltutc of (hclUfifh, and the Only one of this tribe 
 that felt under our notice, was a rcddi(h crab, covered 
 with, large fpines. Wc obferved few vegetables of any 
 kind, and the trees that chiefly grew about this founidj^ 
 were the Canadian, and fpruce pine, fome of which 
 were of a cr>nl:derabte (ize. The metals wie faw thefe 
 people p'jilefled of, were iron andcopper; both which, 
 but particularly the former, Were in fiieh abundance, 
 that their lances and artloWs were pointed with them. 
 The ores which they ufed to paint themfelves with» 
 were a brittle, unfluoua red ochre or iron ore ; a pig. 
 ment of a bright blue ; and black lead : but each of thcfc 
 articles feemed to be ycty fcarce anKMij^ themu Thefe 
 people muft, certainly, have received hvm fame more 
 civilized nation, the beads and iron found among them. 
 We were, doubtlefs, the firlt Europeans, with whom 
 they ever had a dirc^ communication; and it remains 
 only to be determined, from what quarter they had pro- 
 cured our manufadhiros. And it is more than proba« 
 ble. that they had«Obtaincd thefe articles, through the 
 intervention of the mOre inland tribes, cither from the 
 fottlements aboi.c Hudfon's Bay,; Or tbofe on the lakes 
 of Canada,; unlefs we can admit the fuppolition. that 
 the Rtiinans, from Ibimtfchatka, have already extended 
 their traffic tothisdittaaoc; or that the natives of their 
 moft caflerly ¥ox Ifluada cirry on an intercourfit along 
 the coaft, witlh the inhabitants of Prince William's 
 Sound. As to ^ppcr >hcfe people, perhaps,, procure it 
 6 Z themfelves, 
 
 * ' • 
 
550 
 
 Capt. C O O K'f VOYAGES COMPLETE'. 
 
 I' 
 
 M 
 
 I ■ 
 
 ■i. 
 
 • r 
 
 V 
 
 i> t' 
 
 m 
 
 
 IIP 
 
 (hcmrdves, or, at moft. it pafles ta thrm thttnigh very 
 te^ hahds i for when they ortcrcd any ot it by way of 
 barter, they ufcd to ex(>n:u itt being in fiifficicnt plenty 
 among them, by pointing to thrir wcapanit as iV they 
 would intimate, that, having fo much copper of their 
 own, they had no occafion to incm^ their Inxk. How* 
 ever, if the natives of this inlet are fiimiihed with 
 Euro|)ean commodities by means of the intermediate 
 traflic to the caftcrn coaft. it is remarkable, that they 
 ihould never, in return, have fupplied the mere inland 
 Indians with fomcgf their fea-otrcr (kins, which would 
 undoubtedly have appcarctl, at one rime or other, in 
 the environs of Hudinn's Hay. But that does not ap- 
 pear to be the cafci and the only nKthod by which we 
 can account for this, mud be by conlidering the very 
 };rcat didancci which, though it might not prevent 
 European articles of commerce from coming fo far, as 
 being fo uncommon, might hinder the (kins, which are 
 common, from pITing through more than two or three 
 tribes, who might make ule of them for their own 
 cloathing, and fend others, which they reckoned of in- 
 ferior value as being of their own animals to the eaft, till 
 Hhey reached the traders at the European fettlements. 
 
 On Weditcfday the 30th of May, having took our 
 dcpaiture from Prince William's Sound, we directed our 
 cburifc to the S. W. with a gentle breeze. This was 
 fucceeded by a calm, a' four o clock, the next morning, 
 which was loon followed by a breeze from the S. W. 
 This veering to the N. W, we continued to ftretch to 
 S. W. and paiTcd a lofty promontory, in the latitude of 59 
 deg. lomin.iong. 207 deg. 45 min. It having beendiU 1 
 covered on Princefs Kuiabcth's birth-day. Captain 
 Cook nve it the name of Cape Elizabeth. As we 
 we could fee no land beyond it, we flattered ourfelves, 
 that it was the weftern extrcmen^ of the continent: 
 but frefh land foon appearing in fignt, bearing W. S. W. 
 convinced us of our midake. Tne wind had increafed 
 to a ftrong gale, and forced us to a confiderable dif- 
 tance from the coaft: but, on the 2 and, P. M. the gale 
 abated, and we Rood for Cape Elizabeth. On Saturday 
 the 33d, at noon. Cape Elizabeth bore W. diftant 10 
 leagues ; at which time, new land was feen, bearing S. W. 
 which, it was imagined, conneded Cape Elizabeth with 
 the land we had feen towardi the weft. We ftood to the 
 fouthward tiH the next day, at noon, when we were three 
 leagues from the coaft, which we had feen on the 32nd. 
 More land'was difcovered, extending to the fouthward, 
 whereon was feen a ridge of mounuins, whofe fummits 
 were covered with fnow. This point of land lies in 
 Jatitude 58 deg. i j min. Itt longitude is 307 doe. 43 
 min. Ai^d fay what the Commodore could gather n-om 
 Beering's voyage and chart, he fuppofed it to be, what 
 he Called Cape St. Hermogcnca. But the account of 
 that vc^ase, as well as the chart, is fo extremely inac- 
 curate, that it is almoft impoflible to difcover any one 
 place, which the navigator either faw or touched at: 
 In the chartafpace is pointed out, where Beering it 
 fuppofed to have feen no land. This fovoured Mr. 
 Stxhiin's account, who makes Cape St. Hermogenes, 
 and the land difcovered by Beeringto theS W. of it, 
 to be a clufter of iflandt, and that St. Hermogenes is one 
 of thofe that are deltitute of wood. This appeared to 
 be conlirmed by what we now faw; and we entertained 
 the pleaQne hopes of finding here a Da(ragc northward, 
 withoutbemgobligedtoproceedanynirthertotheS. W. 
 
 We were detained byr light airs and calms off the 
 Cape, till two o'clock, A. M. of the 35th, when a breeze 
 fpringins up, we fteered aio''^ the coa(\, and perceived 
 tnatthe land of CapeSt. Hermogenes was an ifland, 
 about fix leagues in cilcumtirrence, feparatcd from the 
 coaft by a channel, one league in breadth. Some rocks 
 are to be feen above water to the north of this ifland ; 
 and on the N. E. fide of the rocks, we had firom 30 to 
 70 fathomt water. At noon St. Hermogenes bore S. E. 
 dittant 8 leagues; the land to the N. W. extending from 
 S. half W. to near W. In this lad diredtion, it ended 
 In a low poiiit, named Point Banks. Th< (hip was, at 
 this time, in latitude 5 8 deg. 41 min. longitude 207 
 deg< 44 min. In thit (btion the land was in fight, 
 bearing N. W. which,-it was thought connedied Gipc 
 
 - J 
 
 Mizabiih w ith this S. W. land. Wluii wv appmathed 
 it, we obfcrvi'd it was an unconnrded crobpi ot higii 
 iflandt and nxk^i and from the nakrdndt of their 
 appearance, the Captain named rhrin the Uarrrn Iflri ; 
 they are (ituated in latitude 59 deg. three iMuutudillant 
 from Cape IJizabcth, and five from Point Bunks. It 
 wu our intention to have ]wii'rd throiH|;li «iic ot the 
 channels by which thcfc tllamis arc (iividudi but a 
 flrong current letting againil us, \tc uoiu tt> leeward of 
 them all. The weather, which htA been thick ami 
 hazy, cleared up towards the cvetiiiH;, when uc per* 
 ccivcd n very loftv promontory, whole <icv.iifd fumwiit 
 appeared above the clouds, forming two cx< reding hi^h 
 mountains. Capcv'n Cook named thit pioinotory Cn^e 
 Doualas, in horiour of hit friend Dr. DiHi^^lan, «anon 
 of Windfor. Jt is (ituated 13 leagues from Point 
 Banks, and 10 to the wcllward of the Barren Ulcst in 
 latitude 58 deg. 56 min. and longitude 206 dee. io 
 min. Between this point and Cape Douglas is a large 
 deep Bay, which, from our obferving foiiic fmokeupon 
 Point Banks, received the name of Sniokcy lii^y. At 
 day break on the 26th, being to the northward of the 
 Barren Ifles, we difcovered more land, extimlmg Irom 
 Cape Douglas to the north. It conlilkd of a chain of 
 vei7 high mountains; one of which, being much more 
 confpicuoiis than the rcll, obtained the name ot Mount 
 St. Augulline. Having a frefli gale we flood to tiic 
 N. W. till eight, when wc found, that what we had fup- 
 pofed to be iflands were fummits ot mountainii, con- 
 ned^cd by the lower land. This was covered wholly 
 with fnow, from the tops of the mountains down to 
 the (ca-bcach i and had in every other rcfpcii^ the ap»- 
 
 Clearance of a great continent. Captain Cook was now 
 ully convinced, that no palFagc could be difcovered bjr 
 this inlet; and his continuing to explore it was more to 
 fatisfy others, than to confum his ow 11 opinion. At 
 this time Mount St. Augurtinc boie N. \V. iliIKmt three 
 leagues. It is of a conical hgutr, and iitics to a prodi- 
 gious height I but wheihcr it ocan iflaiui, or part oftho 
 continent, is not vet afcertained. Perceiving that noi 
 thing was to be clone to the well, we ftood over to Chpc 
 Elizabeth, under which we fetched at about five in the 
 afternoon. Between Cape Elizabeth and a lofty pro. 
 montory, which was named Cape Bcde, is a oay, 
 wherein we might have anchored; but, the Captain 
 having no fuch mtention, we ucked and flood to the 
 weftward, with a very (Irong gale, accompanied with 
 rain and hazy weather. Next morning the gale abated^ 
 and about three o'clock in the afternoon, the weather 
 cleared up; Cape Douglas bearing S. W. by W. and 
 the depth of water being 40 fathoms, over a rocky 
 bottom. From Cape Bcde the coaft trended N. £. t^ 
 E. with a chain of mountains in laitd; inthe fam^ dt- 
 reiflion. We had now the 'morti(ication to difcover 
 low land in the middle of the inlet, extending from N. 
 N. E.to N. E. by E. but, at it was fuppofed to be an 
 ifland, we were not much difcouraged. 
 
 On Thurfday. the sSth, A. M. having but little wind, 
 the (hip drove to the fouthward, and in order to fiop her^ 
 we dropped a "kedge-anchor, with an eight inchkaufer. 
 But, in bringing the thip up, we loft both that and the 
 anchor. However, we brought the (hip up, with one 
 of the bowers, and fpent a confiderable part of the day 
 in fweeping for thetrt, but without efkH. We were now 
 in the latitude of 59 dcg.>5i miii. the low land extended 
 from N. E. to S. E. the ncareft part diftant two leagues ; 
 and the land on the weftem fliore about, fcven leagues 
 A ftrong tide fet to the fouthward, out of the inlet; it 
 was the ebb, and ran almoft four knots in an hour. At 
 ten o'clock it was low water. Though the water had 
 become thick, and refembled that in rivers, we were 
 encouraged to proceed, by finding it as fait as in the 
 ocean, even at low water. Three knots wat the ftrength 
 of the flood tide; and the ftream continued to tun up 
 till four in the afternoon. At eight o'clock in the 
 evening we ftood up the inlet, to the notch. Soon after 
 the wind veered :o this quarter, and blew in fqualls, at« 
 tended with rain; but thit did not hinder us from ply- 
 ing up while the flood continued, which wu till the 
 next morning at near five o'clock, when we anchored 
 4 . . abwwt 
 
COOK^i THIRD Md LAST VoVAGE— To the PAaFlO OCEAN, &c. ^?i 
 
 •bout two leagUM from the e«ftcm Omrci and ogr la- 
 titude w«» 60 deg, 8 min. Some low Und, which we 
 fuppofcd to be >n in«nd, lay under the weftern Ihore, 
 diftim between three and four leagues. The we»*«r 
 cleliringup. a ridge of frtountaini appeared j and two 
 column! of fmoke were vifWe on the eallcm llwre. 
 At one o'clock A. M. we weigbed, ami plied up under 
 double reefed top-faili, having a rtroiig gale at N. E. 
 
 On Saturday the 30th, the gale having much abated, 
 we plied up from tw6 o'clock A. M. till near feven, and 
 then anchored under the fhore to the caWward, in 19 
 fathoma water. At noon two canoe*, with a man in 
 each, came oflT to the rtiip. nearly from ihat part where 
 we had fcen the fmoke the day before. Thev refem- 
 bled ftrongly thofe we had fecn in Prince William'* 
 Sound, both in dref* ami perfon: their canoe* were 
 alfo conftruiftcd in the fame manner 1 and one of ihem 
 had a large beatd, and « countenance like 'the common 
 fort of people in the Souml. When thilrtbod made, we 
 weighed, flood over to the weftcrri (hrt-e. and fetched 
 untfcr a Muff jxiint to the N. W. Thi*. with the point 
 on tht oppcnite fliorc, contrak'ted the breadth of the 
 channel to about four leagues, through which a pro- 
 digtotia tide ran. It had a terrible appeartiHee, knd we 
 were igfiorant whether the water wa« thoi tgiuted by 
 the ftktam, or by {he diflung of the Wave* ilgalrtft fanda 
 Orroek*. We kept the wHtern ftarc aboard, thatap-' 
 pcaring to be the fafcft. In the evening, about eight 
 o'clock, we anchored under a pttint ofland, bcarmg 
 N. lidiOant about three league*, and lay there during 
 the ebb. Till we Wrtved at tWa Oation, the water re- 
 tained an equal degree of ftltnef*, both at high and low 
 water, and wa* as ftit as that which i« in the ocean; 
 but now the Appearances of a river evidently difplayed 
 themfelve*. 'rhe water, taken up at thi* ebb, was 
 much frelher than any we had taftedj whence wc con- 
 cluded that we were iii a large river, and nut in a ftreit, 
 wh'-' had a communication with the northern fea»: 
 but, having proceeded thus far. Captain Cook was an- 
 xious to have ftronger proof* 1 therefore^ on the thirty- 
 firn, in the nioming, we weighed w ith the Hood, and 
 drove up with the tide, having but little wind. Near 
 eight o'clock, many of the natives, in one large canoe, 
 and feveral fmall ones, paid us k vifit. I'hc latter had 
 «niy one perfon oti board each ; but the larger ones con^ 
 taihed meni womea,' and children. We Bartered with 
 ihem for (bme of their fiir drcfles, made of the flcina of 
 animals, ■paiticularly> thofe of fea-otters, itiartina, and 
 hares, alio falnum, halibut, and a few of their darts; 
 for which, in return, wc cave them okl clothes, beads, 
 ■rtd pieces of iton. TheK lail they call goone 1 but, in 
 |{eneral( their hiliguage is nearly the fame as chat ufed 
 in PtiMie WiHiatn's^ Sound. At nine o'clock, 'we an.1. 
 ehorcd in filiteen fcthonu water, almoft two leagues 
 lirom the weftcm ihore, the ebb being already began. 
 It ran but three knou an htnir at its greatell ftrength, 
 and fell, after wc had anchored, twenty-one feet upon 
 a peff>endicuiar. In order to determine thc' diretfiion, 
 Mid other particulars refpeding the inlet, Captain Cbok 
 diibatched tw«» b&tts, and when the flood tide made, 
 followicd them with the two fliipst butj after driving: 
 about ten miiea, we anchored, having a dead calm .ind 
 ftrong tide againft us. At the low^ of the ebb, the 
 wator at and near the furface, was perfedlly frefli, thou^ 
 MCaining « tonftderable degree of faltnefsv if taken 
 above af foM Mow it. Belides this, we had fither con- 
 vineirtg proofa of iu being a river, fuch as thick muddy 
 water, low (boffeak trees, and rubbifli of various kinda, 
 floating bttckward and forward' with the tide. In the 
 aflcrnoonwe received another vifit from thenatives^ who 
 bartered largely with our petiple, without fo much as 
 attempting one difhoneft adion. 
 
 On Monday the ift of June, at two o'clock, A. M. 
 the mailer, who comnnanded the two boats, returned^ 
 informing ua that he found the inlet or river contnufled 
 to one league in breadth, and that it took a northerly 
 courfe through k>w land on each fide. He advanced 
 about three leagues through this lurrow port, which 
 he found frotn 30 to 1 7 fitthomtdeep. While the (Ireain 
 fan down the water was perfcAly Ireib, but it become 
 
 hrackith when it i«n up, and n»re fo ntnr high wata- 
 Three leagues to the northward of this fcarch, ihc 
 maltcr diktovered another feparation in tie eaftcrn 
 chain of nMNiittains, ihrouch which he fuppofcd it pro- , 
 ; bnble, the rim ran io a Hredtien N. E. but thu mU 
 ' ihoughi by the captain t* be only another branch, and 1 
 that the maikv channel coQtinuad in a northern direction 
 between the two chains of mountains. The plcaiing 
 hopes of finding a paSige were no longer cntt rtaincd 1 
 I but as the ebb was fpmtk we took the ailvaiunRC <A thv 
 ' next tide to get a tlofcr view of the eaftcrn branch ; in 
 order to determine whether, the lowland «m the tall 
 was an illand Of not. For this purpofc wc wiighcd 
 with the flrft of the flood, and Hood over for the ca«f rn 
 Omn. At eight o'clock a brec/.e fprang up m a di- 
 rc^lon oppofitc to our courfe, fo that wc ilcriwiicd ot 
 reaching the entrance of the river. By rcafou ot ihis 
 untoward circumflance. two boats were dif|Wtched, 
 under tbir com«iaad of Lieutenant kin^;, to make fuch 
 obfiervatlons as itiight enable in to form fomc tolerable 
 idea of the nature and courfe of the river. About tvn 
 o'clock, the Refolution and Uifcoverv anchored in nine 
 fathoms water. The Commodore obfcrving the ftrength 
 of the tide to be fo powerful, that the boats could not 
 make head againftit, madta (icnal for them to return, 
 before diey had preceedtd halfway to the entrance of 
 the river. 1 he only knowledge concerning the grand 
 qiieftion, obtained bv this tide s work, was, that all the 
 low kind, which we nad imagined to be an illand, wa« 
 one continued trad from the great river lo the foot of 
 the mountains, terminating at the fouth entrance of this 
 caftem branch, which the Commodore denominated the 
 river Tumacainj 
 
 The low land begins again on the north fide of this 
 river, and extends from the foor of the mountains, to 
 the bank of the great rivt.\ fo.ming before the river 
 Turnagain a large bay. Having entered this, the flood 
 fet very ftrong into the river, the water falling ao feet 
 upon a perpendicular, from which circiunibnccs it was 
 evident, that a palCtgc was not to be lexpedted by this 
 fide river, any more than by the main branch : but, as 
 the water at ebb, though much freftier, retained a con- 
 fiderablc degree of faltnefs, it is probable that both thefe 
 ; branches arc navigable by Ihips much farther; and that 
 a very cxtenilve inland cominunication lies open, by 
 means of this river and its feveral. branches. We had 
 traced it to the htitudc of 6t deg. 30 min. and the lonj^ 
 of siodeg. which is upwards of 210 miles from its en- 
 trance, and f*w no appearance of its fource. The time 
 we fpent in the dilcovcry— (Here the Commodore 
 having left a blank in hiii journal, which he had not 
 filled up with any particular name, the earl of Sandwich 
 very properly directed it to be called Cook's river) The 
 time wc'lpent'inthedifcovery of Cook's river ought not 
 * to be rcgreted, . if it flnukl hereafter prove ufcfufto the 
 prefent, or zny future age : but rhe delay thus occafioned 
 was an eflcncial loft to lu, who had a greater objeA in 
 
 I'~ view. '.The fedbn. was '&r advanced, and it was now 
 evident, tl)at the cobtincnfi of North America extended 
 much farther to the weft' than we had rcafon to expc(fl 
 from the moft apprdvcd charts. 
 
 In the afternoon Lieutenant King .was again fi:nt, 
 with orden from the captain to land on the a. E. fide 
 of the river, where he was to difplay the flag; and, in 
 his 'majefty'a name, UKtake jpolVeiUoaof the country, 
 and Cook's river. Hewaaoracred aJfo tobury a bottle 
 in the eanhi containingfome Englifli coiaof 1 773, <knd 
 a paper, '.^hereon were Writun the names of our ibipi, 
 and the date of our difcovery. In the mean time the- 
 ftiips, were got under way ; but a calm enfued, and the 
 flood tide meeting us, we found it neceflary toi cad 
 anchori the fwint where Mr. King landed bearing S.i 
 diftanc two jniles. This point of land was named n>iac 
 BafTeffion. iOnMr. King's return we were informed, 
 that after he hadilanded he faw feveral of the nativcl 
 with their ' armi extended, an attitude, he fuppofed, 
 nieant toinniify their pcacetbledifpofition, and to coiv 
 vince hint mat they vrere without weapons. Qbictv ing 
 his attendann were armed with mulqucu, thcv w«re 
 alarmed, and requcfted, by exprelRve figns, tnat he 
 
 would 
 
 I. 
 
 
S5* 
 
 Ctpt. 
 
 O QOK'i 
 
 III 
 
 V O Y A O K S C (> M, P ^ ^. T E. 
 
 L' ■■•? 
 
 ^. 
 
 4H 
 
 If). 
 
 V iff 
 
 '■■I' :i 
 
 
 :ri 
 
 It I 
 
 MOtild by them down. Thh wu imiMilwiely complied 
 with, and then Mr. Kina Mftd hi* party were penuiticd 
 in walk up lo then. 'iMy now ajpfBtrtd to be very 
 Iboiable and chearM). Mr. {Mm, tunfim of ihc IM. 
 covery, being one dt'iliie p«Ay» pircnaUn dog, and 
 tikinu it toward* the bcMi, bwnmiMtly <ty)t it dcaa. 
 At rhm they Teemed exceedingly rurprinccd t nhI. not 
 thinking thcmrrlvfi fafc in Aich company, they walked 
 away I but it prefently apneared, that they had con- 
 craltd their (peart and otner weapoM in the buflKi 
 clofc behind them. 
 
 At hiuh-water we wirighed anchor, and with a faint 
 brcete Itood over to the weft (hore, where the next 
 morning, bring Tuefday the fflcond, we anchored, on 
 nrcotint of the return of the Hood. Soon after i^c were 
 vilicid by feveral of the native* in canoei, who bartered 
 their Ikiu, and afterwards part«l with their garmchu, 
 many of them returning pcrfcdiy naked. Among 
 other*, they brought a groat quantity of the fltina ol 
 white rabbiti, and red ioxea, but only two or three of 
 thofe of otter*. We alfo purchafed (ome piccea of ha- 
 libut and falmon. lliey preferred iron to every thing 
 we offered them in exchai^. The lip^ornamenti were 
 Icfa in falhion amons them than at Prince WiUiatn't 
 Sound I but thofe which pafa through the nofc were 
 more frequent, and >>* g^'^^nd coniiderably longer. 
 They had like'Tlfe more embroidered work on their 
 garment*, quivers, knife-cafes, and other articles. At 
 half paft ten we wciched, and plied down the river with 
 a gentle breeze at Uxithsi when, by the inattention of 
 the man at the lead, our (hip flruck upon a bank, nearly 
 in the middle of the river. It it pretty certain that thit 
 bank occaCioned that ftrong agitation of the ftream, 
 with which we were fo much furprized when turniiw up 
 the river. We had twelve fact of water about the (nip, 
 at the loweft of the ebb, but the bank wat dry in other 
 pArtt. When our (hip came aground Captain Cook 
 iriade a fignal for the Difcovery to anchor. We were 
 afterwardi inibrmed that (lie had been almoft a(hore on 
 the wed (ide of the bank. About five o'clock in the 
 afternoon, aa the Hood tide came in, the (hip tioated off 
 without fuftaining any cLimage, or occ-^fioning the lead 
 trouble. We then (tood over to the weft (hore, where 
 we aiKhored, in deep water, to wait for the ebb, the 
 wind being (till unfavourable to ua. At ten o'clock at 
 night we weighed with the ebb, and about five the next 
 morning, the jd^ the tide being finilhed, we caA 
 anchor on the weft (hore, abont ten milet below the 
 bluf!' point. In this ftation we were vifitcd by many of 
 the natives, who attended 'j« all the mominB: their 
 company waa aighljr accepuUe to ut^ aa they brought 
 with them a quannty of fine falman, which they ex- 
 < hanged for feme of our trifka. Several nundtedweight of 
 It wat procured for the two fhipa. The moimtaina now. 
 for the lirft time after our entering the river, were free 
 from clouds, anu we faw a volcano in one of thofe on 
 the weftern fide. Its latitude it 60 deg. 29 min. and it 
 IS the firft high mountain north of Mount St. AuguftitL 
 The volcano it near the fuowoit, and on that part of the 
 mountain next the river. Itcmiu a white fiiaoke, but 
 no fire. The wind continuing (bu<ber|y, wc AUl tkkd 
 it down the river. 
 
 On Friday the 5th, in the morning, we arrived at. 
 the place where we had loft our kedge anchor, which 
 we attempted, though unfuccefsfiilly, to recover, fie. 
 fore our departure from hcnoe, we Merc again vifited by 
 iome of the natives in fix canoca from, the caftcm ftiore. 
 The points of their fpnrs and knivea aiv made pf iron -, 
 fome of the former, mdccd, are made of copper. Their 
 f^rs refemble our fpontoons; and their . knivet, for 
 which they have fheatha, are of ooptidenabic length. 
 Eifcept thefc and a few g^afs bcads^every ^hiiig we law 
 aift og them was of their own ihaiiufaithtrck A vdrv 
 btoeflcial fur trade might certainly. fab carried, on witK 
 the natives of thit vafi ceaft: boc without a' nahihenl, 
 paflige, it is too remote for Great Britain to be bene. 
 ik£e«f by fuch commerce. It ihould however bs'nated, 
 tl^t tdmoft the only valuable fkins, on thia WoA flde of 
 !^aith Anienca,.tfe thofe of the feaMottcr) their, other. 
 
 (kins aK of an inferior tiualit^. At the (kina arc u(*iC 
 l>y ihcfc peo|)lc ynly for tloathingthemfelvet, they, pcr- 
 , hap*, aic ii«( at the trouWc of dfcilinumore of them,, 
 tha* tbcy require ioi thit ^Hirpofc. Thit it. pr(4Mbl)(, 
 the chHCl cautc uf their killing the aniiimU, fur they re-, 
 icivc princi^Mllv their fupply o( food fiotn the Tea and, 
 livert! hut if tncfc wcrcaciuituoic^tuaconftant trade 
 with (orcigncn, fuv,h an iiitcrcourfc wpuld tncrca(i:ihcir^ 
 wnnci, by acquainting thcin with iirw luxurin, to be' 
 cnablcil to purchafc-whkh, they momIU become njorg, 
 .idiiluoua m pfociinn^ Ikim 1 and iii thia lountrv, w ith*, 
 out U«)ubt. a i>Uiuiful fupply uw^ht Ix obuujcd. 
 
 l hw day, the ebb tide making in our lavour, wc 
 weighed, and with a aentlc breeze at S. W. plied down 
 the rivers ihcH<KKlol)Ugal MtioaiKhoragainj but the 
 next morning of Saturday thcftth we got under fail with a 
 frcfh brei-jic, padl'd the Bdrrcnlllandtabout ci^ht o'clock, 
 A. M. and at ^oon Cauc .St. I lermvgcoct bore S, S. K. 
 eight IcjgiH't diUant. Wc intended to go through the 
 
 Klltuc between the iflaod of that naii\eand tiK main land. 
 t the wind toon after fiiiled ut| on which account we 
 abandoned the dclign of carrying the (hip through that 
 pafTage : northward of it the land foriiit a bay, a low 
 rocl^ ifland lying off the N. W. point. Some «thcr 
 ilLindi, of a flmibr apiicarance, aire fcattcred akuff thu 
 co»n between ht t» ojmI Foiiu Bankt, A: eight in thf 
 evening. St.. i:{ern>ogcnet extended from S< half, £1. to 
 S. S. E. and the rockt bore 8. E. diftant three milet. 
 About midnight we palTcd the rockt, and bore up to 
 the (buthward t and on the 71J1 At nooii St. Hermo^nea 
 bore N. dift: . iiaur leagues. Tbp fb^vhcrnmoii point 
 of the main land lay N. half W. live leagues diftant. 
 The latitude of this promontory 1*58 deg. 1 j min. and 
 its longitude 174 deg, 14 min. It wat nair.«l after the; 
 day in our calendar. Cape Whitfundayt and a large 
 bay to the weft of it was called Whitfuntide Bay. At 
 midnttrht wc Hood in (or the land, and at fcven in the. 
 murnii)g of the eighth wc were within four milfsof it, 
 and l( fa, than two milet from foiuc funkcn rockt, bear.^ 
 ing W. S. W. Here we anchored in thirty-five fathoms 
 waur. To the weft of the bay arc tome !inM ilbndt. 
 To the fouthward the fca coaft is k>w, with projecting, 
 rocky points, having fmall inlets between thcin. Wc 
 were now in the latitude of ;S7dcg. $a min. ao fee. 
 The land here (Mining a pomt, it woa nanacQ Ca^tc, 
 Greville, in lat. j7 deg. jj min. long. ^Q^ d^. 1$ min. 
 difbint from St. Ilermogenet it leagues. C^ tbe 9th. 
 loth and I ith, we continued plying wp the coaft4 
 
 On Friday the 1 2ch, in the evening, the fog clear- 
 ine up, we defcried land twelve Icaguet diftant, ocaring 
 W. and we ftood in for it early the n^xt morning. At 
 noon an elevated point, which wc called Cape B^^mabat* 
 in lat. 57 deg. 13 min. bore N. N. E. diftiiU tai|,ini|et^ 
 The point to the S. W. had an elevated ^lininil, whi<!b> 
 terminated in two round hilla, and was iherc|br« ca)le«ft 
 Two-headed Point. At fix in the evcoiob being atioul 
 midway between Cape Barnabat and «'wa»headed Pbinr» 
 a point of land wm obfc<ved bcuiing S. 6{| d^. W. 
 On the fourteenth, at noon, wc obTeivcd \n Ut. 56 <)eg« 
 I 49 min. The land feen the preceding evening, now ap-. 
 pcared like two illands. We were up with the ftuth' 
 crnmoft pan of it the next morning, and perceived it 
 10 be an ifland, which we named Trinity I(|and. It liea 
 in lat. 56 deg. 36 min. long. 90$ deg. diftant from the 
 continent threcleagucs, between which rocks«nd ifkoda 
 are interfperfed. In the evening, at. eight, we were 
 within a league «if the fmalL iflanen. The weftemmoft 
 
 ¥fint of the continent, now in view. w« called Cape 
 rinity, it being a low point &cing Trinity IflaiKl. 
 Having reafon at this time to expcd): foggy weather, we 
 ilretchcd out to fca. atid palFcd two or three rocky iflota 
 near the caft end of Trinity Ifland. This wc weathercdk 
 and it the afternoon fleered wcft..fouthcrly, with a (pile 
 i»tSi3.£. . No land a^>carihg oniMond»)» t)w fifteenth 
 
 I at noon, and the gale and tog inciealiti^ we fterred 
 W. N. W. under fuch fail as wc couUt haul the wiml 
 with ; (cnfiblc of the dai^r of running bofbie a (iwMifl 
 gale, in.tlw vicinity of an unkno«!n coaft and ina thicfc 
 tog. ii WM hflw«yer become ti«cefl»ry l» rlui fomtf 
 iina.ad:: *u4 ,i!jr.' • j. ■ rilk. 
 
iji« arc u(«4, 
 i, they, pcr- 
 rcof ihcni,, 
 i*- protubl); 
 , fw they re., 
 ithcr«a«nil, 
 mftmt trade 
 nrrcarcihci/ 
 urirt, to be' 
 rcoiiic luorc 
 luiitrv, utt^, 
 
 llilCii, 
 
 favour, wc 
 (jlird down 
 ami but the 
 Icrfailwiiha 
 i)(ht9'i:lock, 
 bore S. S. K. 
 through the 
 K- iiain land, 
 » account mc 
 through that 
 I bay, a law 
 Some other 
 ed al«w^ the 
 eight in the 
 
 COOKU THIRD ind LAST VOYAC;ii— To ihc I'ACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 553 
 
 ;ial 
 .1 
 
 three inilei. 
 l)orc up to 
 lernioijrnM 
 nmolt Doint 
 (uei diflant. 
 1 5 niin. and 
 :cd after the 
 and a large 
 IcBay. At 
 fcven in the 
 r milf s of it, 
 rocki, bcar-( 
 fiveiiithoina 
 nail ilUndi. 
 1 projecting 
 thcin. Wc 
 nin. ao fee. 
 MiBCQCape, 
 leg. 15 mm. 
 Oh tbe 9th. 
 Cqall4 
 
 e fog clear- 
 tn^Dcaring 
 >rniii|[. At 
 wB^maliM* 
 It t«n,mikv 
 %rm, which. 
 e|br« called 
 l)cing about 
 wkdPointt 
 6« d(». W. 
 
 *»*• so «kg» 
 r.g, now ap- 
 i the ftMh- 
 perceived it 
 nd. It lies 
 nt from the 
 landiflanda 
 K, we were 
 iKAerninoft 
 called Cape 
 nity Ifland. 
 weather, we 
 rocky iflota 
 weathered* 
 with a i^Ie 
 \ig Aftecntti 
 , we fteered 
 ui the wimi 
 MeaAranc; 
 d in a thick 
 Mttn Tome 
 ;}i.,v rifle. 
 
 rilk, when the wind wa« favourable to tm ai wr were 
 convinced that clear weather wai gencrully ati i)m|Mnii\l 
 with wcllerly wind*. 
 
 On Tuciday, the i6ih, ar fmir oVIoik, A. M tlv 
 fog being now dilpcrfcd, wc foumlourlilviH, in 4 iiuii- 
 ner, furroundcd with land. The i>(irinic nl ilu- main, 
 at N. K. wai a point of land wc had feen (hroti^h tlic 
 f«)g, and wa« therefore named Kitj^jjy Cape. It is 
 iituatcd in latitude ^h detr. {i nun. Alioiit nine 
 o'clock, we difcovcrcd the land to lie an illaml, nine 
 miica in circtnnference, in lat. 5') (Ick 10 mm. Iixig. 
 301 dcg. 4^ niin. we named it l'»g).;> lll.inds and we 
 AippoTcd, from iti lituation, that it i.i the idiind on 
 which Becring had boDoweil thr fume appellation. 
 Three or four idandi bore N. by W. A point, with 
 pinnacle rock* upon it, bore N. W. by W. called Pin- 
 nacle Point I and a duller of liloti, S. S. V.. about nine 
 Iciiguc* from the coalK On the 1 7th, nt noon, the con- 
 tinent extended from S. W. to N. hvKi the nearcft 
 part didant 7 leaguci : at the fame (dnancc from the 
 continent, a group of iflandt wai fccn to the N. W. 
 On the 1 8th we hod clear, pleafant weather, and it wai> 
 a calm the greatcd part of the day. One of our people, 
 on board a boat difpatchcd to the Dilcuvery, (hot a 
 moft beautiful bird. It is fmaller than a duck, and the 
 colour ii black, except that the fore pan of the head ia 
 white : behind each eye, an elcpant ycilowifh-whiterrcft 
 arifei : the bill and feet arc ot a reddifli colour. The 
 firft of thefe birds were feen to the fouthward of Cape 
 St. Hermo^ncs 1 after which we faw them daily, and 
 frequently m large flocks. We were alfo vifitcd bv 
 mou of the other fca-fo\^s, that are ufually met with 
 In the northern oceans 1 and feldom a day pafled with- 
 out our feeing whales, feals, and other filh of ^rcat 
 nugnitude. In the afternoon we (leered weO, for the 
 channel between the idands and the continent. On Fri- 
 day, the 1 9th, at day break, we were not far from it, 
 and perceived fcvcral other illands, w ithin thofc wc had 
 already feen, of various dimeoftons. Between thefe 
 iflands. and thofe we had feen before, there appeared 
 to be a clear channel, for which we (leered 1 and, at 
 noon our latitude was 55 Jeg. 18 min. in the narrowed 
 
 Eart of the channel. Of this group of iflands, the 
 Tged was now upon our left, and is called Kodiak, as 
 we were afterwards informed. Other idands appeured 
 to the fouthward, as far as an ifland could be fccn. 
 They begin in the longitude of aoo deg. 1 5 min. ead, 
 and extend about two decrees to the well ward. Mod of 
 thefe iflands are tolerably high, but verry barren and 
 rugged, exhibiting romantic appearances, and abound- 
 ing with clifts and rocks. They have fevcral bays and 
 cpves about them t and fome frefli-watcr dreams de- 
 fccnd from their elevated parts, but the land is not 
 adorned wieh a linglc tree or bnd). Plenty of fnow 
 dill remained on many of them, as well as on thoic 
 parts of the continent which appeared between the in- 
 ncrmod iflands. By (bur o'clock, in the afternoon, wc 
 had paired all the illands to the fouth of us t and foon 
 nftcr we had got through the channel, the Difcovcry, 
 which was two miles adern, fired three guns, ai)d 
 brought to, making a (ignal to fpcak with us. A boat 
 being fent off to her, returned immediately with Cap- 
 tain Clerkc. He iiilbrmcd the cotnniodorc, that Ibme 
 natives in three or four canoes, havirtg followed his fliip 
 for fome time^ at lad got under the dern ; one of whom 
 made many figns, having his cap ofl', and bowing in 
 the European manner. A rrpe was then handed down 
 from the (hip, to which he fadencd a thin wooden box, 
 and after he had made fome more ecdiCulations, the 
 canoes left the Difcovcry.- Soon alter the bax was 
 opened, and found to contain a piece of paper, carefully 
 folded up, whereon fome writing appeared, which >vas 
 fuppofcd to be in the Rullian laiiguag<. . To this writing 
 was prelixed the date of 1778, and a reference was 
 made therein to the year 1 776. Though unable to de- 
 cypher the alphabet of the writer, we were convinced 
 by his numerals, that others had prc(;eded us invifiting 
 tljfife dreary regions. At firft Captain CIcrke imagined, 
 that fome Kuflians had been fliipwrccked here, and that 
 fe^iqig our iliips, thefe unfortunate perfoRS were induced 
 No, 67. 
 
 Captain Cook. It 
 fuupolld, that the 
 taken, m order to 
 
 thus 10 inform ui ofthcir fiiuation. Dcrjiiv imprclTcd 
 witli lentnnentu ol Immamty oi\ this o<i.ilion, ne was 
 in hrtjHi the Kiloiutum would have dop|H'd till they 
 h.id iimc to join in 1 but no fuch idea ever (Kimrod to 
 iliu had really been the ctfe, he 
 lirll Hep fiK h pcrfont would have 
 Ilk ore relief, would h.ive hrcn, to 
 leiul liime o( tluir people oH to the n\ipN .n the i anoei. 
 lie, therclorc, rail > ihou^ht the paper wan iiuemled 
 til tommunitarc 1 inlimiiation, Iroiii a Kulliau 
 tiader, who had lately viliied thele illaiuls, to Ik; deli- 
 vend to any ol his, ountr>incn wlio lliould .irrivei and 
 th!\t thenativej,fupp(»(ijwiu to be Uulliani, had bioiiglit 
 oir the note. In tonkiiuenic of this opinii'ii, the 
 Captain ordered fail to be ni.\de, and we fleered wfd- 
 waril. At nudniHht, we beheKl ,1 vafl llame afccnd 
 from a burning mountain, and obfervcd leveial lire* 
 within laifd. 
 
 OnSaiurd.iy, the :oth, at two o'clock A.M. fome 
 breakers were lun, dillant two miles; others appeared 
 a-headi on our larboard (ide they were innumerable 1 
 and alio between ui and the land. Wc cleared them, 
 tiioui^h with dilliculty, by holding a fouth courfc. Thefe 
 bieakeis were produced by rocks, many of whiih were 
 above water: thiy arc very jiangcrous, and extend fcvcn 
 lca^;ues from land. We got on the outlidc of thcin 
 about mnm, when wc obfervcd in latitude 54 deg. 44 
 min. longitude 198 deg, Theneared land was an ele- 
 vated hlufl' |x)int, which wc called Rock Point. It 
 bore N. didant 8 leagues i and a high round hill, called 
 I ialibut Head, bore S, W. didant i j leagues. On the 
 2 id, Halibut Ifland extended from N.by H. toN. W. 
 Thi.i illand is. fevcn leagues in circumlercncc,an<J except 
 the head, is very low and barren. We were kept at 
 fuch a didance from the continent, by the rocks and 
 breakers, that wc had but a very impcrfcift view of the 
 coad between Halibut Illand ami Rock Point, Wc 
 could. how'\er, perceive the n. .n land covered with 
 fnow 1 particularly fome hills, whofc elevated tops 
 towered above I he clouds to a mod dupe ndous height. 
 A volcano was Icenonthc mod fouth-weflerly of thdc 
 hills, which jicrpetually threw up immenfe columns of 
 black fmokc: it is at no great didancc from the coad, 
 and lies in the latitude of 54 deg. 48 min. and in longi- 
 tude 195 deg. 45 min. Its iigure is a complete cone, 
 and the volcano is at the fummit of it: remarkable as 
 it may appear, the wind, at the height to which the 
 fmokeof the volcano rofc, often moved in an oppolite 
 dircttion to what it did at fea, even in a frcfli gale. In 
 the afternoon, having three hours calm, upwards of 
 iQohalibuts were caught by our people, fome of which 
 weighed upwards of a hundred pounds, and none of 
 them lefs than twenty each. They were highly accept- 
 able tons. We Klhcd in 3 5 fathoms water, about four 
 miles didant from the diore; during which time, we 
 were vifited by a man in a fmall canoe, who came from 
 a large ifland. When he drew near to the fliip, he un- 
 covered hit head and bowed, as the other had done the 
 preceding day, when he came olf td the Difcovcry. It 
 appcarcu very plain to us, that the RulTians had fome 
 communication with thefe people, not only from their 
 politenefs, but from an additional proof that we now 
 were favoured with : for our new viiitor had on a pair of 
 
 Sreencloth breeches, and a Jacket of black cloth, un- 
 er the frock of his own countrv. He had with him a 
 grey fox-(kin, and fome fi(hing implements: alfo a 
 bladder, wherein was fome liquid, which wc fuppofcd 
 to be oil: he opened it, dranV. a mouthful, ana then 
 clofed it up again. His canoe was fmaller than any one 
 of thofe we had feen before, though cf the fame con- 
 druClion : like others who had -vifitcd the Difcovcry, 
 he ufcd the double-bladcd paddle. His features re- 
 femblcd thofcof the natives of Prince William's '"ound, 
 but he waspcrfedly free from any kind of paiut; and 
 his lip had been perforated in an oblique diredion, but 
 at this vifit he had not any kind of ornament in it. 
 Many of the words frequently ufcd bv the natives of 
 the Sound, were repeated to turn, but he did not feem 
 to underdand any of them, owing cither to his igno- 
 rance of the dialed, or our erroneous pronunciation. 
 7 A On 
 
 i 
 
 P. 
 
554 
 
 Capt. COOK '9 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 Ilti 
 
 
 i' 
 
 If i 
 
 On Monday, the a ad, the wind Ihifted to the S. E. and, 
 as ufual. was attended with thick rainy weather. In 
 the evening, fearine we might fail in with land, we 
 hauled to the foutnward, till two the next morning, 
 and then bore awav weflt yet we made but little 
 way. At five o'clock P. M. we had an interval of fun- 
 ftiine, when wefaw land bearing N. 59 deg. W. Oo 
 Wcdnefday, the 24th, at fix o'clock A. M. we faw the 
 continent ; and at nine it extended from N. by E. to S. 
 W, by W. the neareft prt diftant fi)ur leagues. The 
 next morning we had clear weather, infomuch, that we 
 clearly faw tnc volcano, the other mountains, and all 
 the main land under them. A laige openings waa like- 
 wife feen between fcveral iflands and a pomt of the 
 land. Wenowfteercd to the (buthward; when, hav- 
 ing got without all the land in fight, we fteered weft, 
 the illands lying in that diredlion. By eight o'clock 
 we had palled three of them, all of a good height 1 and 
 more were now obferved to the weftward. In the af- 
 ternoon, the weather became gloomy, and afterward* 
 turned to a mifi, the wind blowing fre(h at eaft, we 
 therefore hauled the wind to the fouthWard till day 
 break, on Friday the 26th, when weitfunoedourcourft 
 to the wefi. We derived but little advantage from day- 
 light, the weather being fo thick that we could not dif- 
 cover objects at rhedifiance of a hundred yards; but aa 
 the windf was moderate, we ventured to run. About 
 half an hour after four, the found of breakers alamied 
 us on dur larboard bow. We brought the fhip to, and 
 anchored in twenty-five fathoms water. The Difco- 
 very who was not far difiant anchored alfo. Some hours 
 after, the fog being a little difperfed, we difcovcred the 
 imminent danger we had eicaped. We were three 
 quarters of a mile from the N. E. fide of an ifland : 
 two elevated rocks were about half a league from us, 
 and from each other. Several breakers alfo appeared 
 about them ; and yet Providence had fafely conduced 
 the fhips through in the dark, between thofe rocki, 
 which wc Ihould not have attempted to have done in a 
 clear day; and to fo commodious an anchoring-place, 
 which, on account of our miraculous efcripe, received 
 the name of Providence Bay. During the night, the 
 wind blew frefli at fouth, but in the morning was more 
 moderate, and the fog, in a great meafurc difperfed. 
 At feven o'clock, we weighed, and (leered between the 
 ifland near which we haa anchored, and a fmalt one not 
 iar from it. The breadth of the chaimel does not ex- 
 ceed a mile, and the wind failed before we could pals 
 through it. Wc were therefore glad to anchor in 34 
 fathoms water. Land now prefented itfelf in every di- 
 rcdlion. That to the fouth extended, in a ridge of 
 mountains, to theS. W. which we afterwards found to 
 be an ifland, called Oonalafhka. Between this, and the 
 land to the north, which we ftippofed to be a group of 
 iflands, there appeared to be a channel in a N. W. di- 
 redlion. On a point, >vc(l from the fliip, and at a dif- 
 anceof three quarters of a siile, we perceived feveral 
 natives and their habitations. . To thu place we &w 
 two whales towed in, which we fuppofed had juft been 
 killed. A few of the inhabitants came off, at different 
 times, to the flups, and engaged in a little traffic with 
 our people, but never contmued with us above a quar- 
 ter of an hour at a time. 'They fecmed, indeed, re- 
 markilbly fliy ; though we could readily difcover they 
 were not unacquainted with vefl*els, fimilar, in fonw de- 
 
 f'ree tc ours. Their addrefs expreflcd a degree of po- 
 itencfs which we had never experienced among any of 
 the favagc tribes. Being favoured, about one o'clock, 
 P. M. with a light breeze, and the tide of flood, we 
 weighed, and directed our courfe to the channel M 
 mentioned ; expcrfting when we had pafl*ed through, 
 either to find the land trend away to the northward, or 
 that we ftould difcover a pafl^e out to fea, to the weft; 
 and we foon found we were right in our conjedlures. 
 After we had got under fail, the wind veered to the N. 
 and wc were obliged to ply. In the evening, the ebb 
 imde it neccflary tor us to anchor within three leagues 
 of our laft flation. 
 
 On Sunday, the i«th,at day-break, we got again onder 
 Jjiil, and were wafted up the paflage by a light breeze 
 
 ar fouth I this was fuccceded by variable light airs from 
 all cliretfiions. We had, however, a rapid tide in oar 
 tlivour, and the Refolution got through beforesthe ebb 
 made. The Difcovery was not equally fortunate, for 
 fbc waa carried back, got into the race, and found a 
 difliculty in getting clear of it. Being now through the 
 channel, we obferved the land on one fide, trending 
 W. and S. W. and that on the other fide to N. Th» 
 encouraged us to' hope that the continent had uken • 
 new diredion in our fiivour. Finding our water ran 
 flwrt, and expedii^ to be driven about in a rapid tide, 
 without wind fufficient to govern the fliip, wc hood for 
 a harbour on the fouth fide of the pcflitge, but were 
 driven beyond it; and, that ve ihignt not be forced 
 back through the paflage, anchored near the fouthem 
 Oiorc, in 2 8 fathoms, and out of the reach of the ftrong 
 tide, though even here it ran five knots an hour. In 
 thi* ftati<Hi we were vifited by feveral of the natives, in 
 feparate canoes. They bartered fome fifliing imple- 
 ments for tobacco. A young nuin among them overfet 
 his canoe, while he was along fide of one of our boats. 
 He was caught hold of by one of our people, but the 
 canoe was uken up by one of his countrymen, and car- 
 ried afliore. In confequience of this accident; the youth 
 was obliged to come mto the fliip, where he accepted 
 an invitation into the cabin, without any furprize or 
 embarrafliinent. He had on an upper garment, rcfem- 
 btlrgafliirt, miadeof thegutof awhaie, or fome other 
 lar^ fea-animal. Under this he had another of the: 
 fame form, made of the flcins of birds with the feathers 
 on, curioufly f:wed together; the feathered fide placed 
 next the flcin. It was patched with feveral pieces of 
 filk ftufl; and his cap was embelliflied with glaCi besda* 
 His cloaths being wet, we furniflied him with fome of 
 our own, which he «it on with as much readinefs at wo 
 could have done. From the behaviour of this youth, 
 and that of feveral others, it evidently appeared that 
 thefe people were no ftrangers to Europeans, and tQ 
 many of their cuftoms. Something in the appearance 
 of our fliips, however, greatlv excited their curiofityi 
 for, fuch as had not canoes to bring them off*, aflTembled 
 on the neighbouring hills to have a view of them. At 
 low water we towed the fliip into the harbour, where 
 we anchored in nine fathpms water, the Difcovery ar- 
 riving foon after. A boat was now fent oft' to draw the 
 feine, but we caught only a few trout, and fome other 
 fmall fifli. We md fcarce anchored, when a native of 
 the ifland brouriit another note on board, fimilar to 
 that which had been given to Captain Gierke. He 
 prefented it to our Commodore, but as it was written in 
 theRuflian language neither he, nor any of our com- 
 pany, could read it. At it could not be of any ufe to 
 us, and might be of confequence to others, Capuin 
 Cook returned it to the bearer, accompanied with a 
 few prefenttt for which he expreflcd his thanks, as he 
 retired, by feveral low bows. On the 29th we faar 
 along the fliore, a group of the natives of both fexei, 
 feat^ en the graft, paruking of a rcpaft of raw fifli, 
 which they feenied to relifli cxceedii^ly. We were 
 detained by thick fogs and a contrary wind, ttU ThurC> 
 day the sd of July, in this harbour. It it called bf the 
 natives Samnnoodha, and it fituated on the north fide 
 of the ifland of Oonalaflika, in lat. (3 dee. (5 min. 
 long. 1 93 deg. 30. min. and in the ftraifwhich fepantes 
 thit ifland fiom thofe to the north. It it about a mile 
 broad at the entrance, and runt in about four mUet 
 S. by W. It narrows towardt the head, the breadth 
 there nof exceeding a quarter of a mile. Plenty of good 
 water may hf procured her^ but not a ftick of wood of 
 any kind. .... 
 
 On Thuifdar. the ad of July, we fteewd from the 
 harbour of San^noedha, having a gende brcese ac 
 S. S. E. to the northward, and met with nothing OXO- 
 ftruei our courfe: for on the one fide the Ifle of Oona- 
 laflika (raided S. W. and on the other, no land wat t» 
 be feen in a diredUon more northerly than N. E. all ' 
 which land wat a continuation of the famegroapof. 
 iflandt that wa had fallen in with, on the tm *[^ 
 preceding month. That which it fituated before Sam. 
 ganoodha, and conftitutos the nortb-eaAemfideaf the 
 
 pwsfe, 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
milk 
 
 'M 
 
 .M 
 
 1 1' 
 
 r\\ 
 
 4 A 
 
 
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 r 
 
 11 
 
 .n ;. ,; I 
 
'"•'•' — 
 
 cook's third and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACifIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 pSn 
 
 paflagct through which we came, is called Oonclia ; 
 and its circumference is ai miles. Another ifland, lying 
 to the northward of it, bears the name of Acootan : it 
 is much fuperior in fize to Oonella, and has in it fome 
 very lofty mountains, at this time covered with fnow. 
 It appeared that we might have paflcd with great fafcty 
 between thefe two iflands and the continent, whole 
 fouth-weQem point opened off the north-eadem point 
 of A«ootan, and proved to be the fame point of land 
 that we had difcemed when we left the coaftof thecon- 
 tinent, the 25th of June, in order to go without the 
 iflands. It is called by the natives Ooncmack i and is 
 fituated in lat. 54 dog. 30 min. long. 192 deg. 30 min. 
 E. Over the Cape, which is high land, we perceived 
 a round elevated mountain, at prcfent covered with 
 fnow. At fix o'clock A. M. this mountain bore E. 
 i deg. N. and two hours afterwards not any land was to 
 be fcen. Concluding, therefore, that the coaft of the 
 continent had now inclined to the north-eaftward, we 
 fleered the fame courfe till one o'clock the following 
 morning, when the watch ftationed on deck gave inti- 
 mation of their feeing land. Upon this we wore, and 
 for the fpace of about two hours flood towards the S. W. 
 after which we renewed our courfe to the E. N. E. At 
 fix we difcovered land a-head, bearing S. E. diflant five 
 leagues. As we advanced we difcovered a conneded 
 chain of land. At noon we perceived that it extended 
 . from S. S. W. to E. the part nearefl to us being at the 
 diflanceof five leagues. We now obferved in lat. 55 
 deg. 21 min. long. 195 deg. 1 8 min. E. At fix o'clock 
 A. M. we founded, and found a bottom of black fand, 
 at the depth of 48 fathoms. At this time we were four 
 leagues from the land, and its eaftern part in fight was 
 in the diredlion of E. S. E. to appearance an «evated 
 round hummock. 
 
 On Saturday the 4th, at eight o'clock, A. M. we (aw 
 the coaft from S. S. W. and E.by S. and at intervals we 
 could difcem high land behind it, covered with fnow. 
 Soon after we hada calm, when all hands were employed 
 in fifhing; and as our people were now put on two thirds 
 allowance, what each catched he might eat or fell. For- 
 tunate for them, they caught fome tons of fine fifh, 
 which proved a moft feafonable fupply; for the (hip 
 provifioiis, what with fait and maggots eating into the 
 beef and pork, and the rata and the weavils devouring 
 the heart of the bread, the one was little better than pu- 
 trid flefh, and the other, upon breaking, would crumble 
 into dufl. Among the fifh we caught with hook and 
 line, were a great number of excellent cod. At noon 
 we had an eafterly breeze and dear weather, when we 
 were about f:x leiurues from the land, which extended 
 from S. l?y W. to E. by. S. and the hummock, feen the 
 preceding evenine, bore S. W. by S. nine leagues 
 di&ant. A great hollow fwell convinced us. that there 
 .was no main land wefiward near us. At fix o'clock, 
 E. M. we fleered a northerly courfe, when the wind 
 veering to the S. E. enabled us to fleer E. N. E. The 
 coaft lay in this dire<ftion, and the next day, at noon, 
 was four leagues diftant. On the 6th and 7th we made 
 but little way, the wind being northerly. On Wednef. 
 day. the 8th, the coaft extended from S. S. W. to E. by 
 N. and was all k)w land, and it is not improbable that 
 this extends to a confidcrable diftance towards the S. W. 
 and that thofe places which we fomctimes fuppofed to 
 be inlets or bays, are nothing more than valleys between 
 the mountains. This day we hooked plenty of fine cod. 
 On Thuifday the 9th, in tiie morning, having a 
 breeze at N. W. we fleered E. bv N. in order to make a 
 •earer approach to the coaft. At noon we obferved in 
 latitude 57 deg. 49 min. long. 201 deg. 33 min. E. at 
 the diftance of two leagues Tram land, which was ob- 
 fervcd to extend from S. by E. to N. E. being all a low 
 coaft, with points projefting in feveral places. In ad- 
 vancing towards the N. E. we had found that the depth 
 of water gradually decreafed, and the coaft trended 
 more and more northerly j but we obferved the ridge 
 of mountains behind it continued to lie in the fame 
 direction as thofe that were more wefterlyi fo that the 
 extent of the low land between the coaft and the foot 
 of the mounuins inf«ifibly incttafcd. Both the lovir 
 
 and high grounds were totally deftitute of wtiod, but 
 apparently covered with a green turf, the mountains 
 excepted, which were covered With fnow. As we pro- 
 ceeded along the coaft, with a light wefterly breeze, 
 the water Ihoaled ^dually from fifteen to ten fathoms, 
 though we were eight or ten miles diftant from the 
 fhore. About eight o'clock in the evening a lofly 
 mountain, which had been fome time within fight, 
 bore S. E. by E. diftant twenfy-one leagues. Several 
 other mountains, forming the fartie chain, and much 
 further diftant, bore E. 3 deg. N. The coaft was feen 
 to extend as far as N. E. half N. where it feemed to 
 terminate in a point, beyond which it Was both our hope 
 and expcdlation that it would afTume a more eafterly 
 direiflion. But not long afterwards we perceived low 
 land, that extended from behind this point, as far as 
 N. W. by W. where it was loft in the horizon » and 
 behind it we difcerned high land, appearing in hills 
 detached from each other. Thus the fine profped We 
 had of getting to the northward, vaniflicd in art inftaht. 
 We flood on till nine o'clock, and then the point be- 
 fore-mentioned was one league diflant, bearing N. E. 
 half E. Behind the point is a fiver, which, at its en- 
 trance, feemed to be a mile in breadth. The water 
 appeared fomewhat difcoloured, as upon flioals t but a 
 calm would have given it a fimilar afped. It feemed 
 to take a winding diredtion, through the extenfivc fiat 
 which lies between the chain of mountains towards the 
 S. E. and the hills to the north-weflward. It abounds, 
 we apprehend, with falmon, as many of thole fifh Were 
 feen leaping before the entrance. The mouth of this 
 river, which we diftinguilhed by the name of feriftol 
 River, lies in lat. 58 deg. 27 min. and in long. 201 deg. 
 SS min. E. 
 
 On the loth at day-break we made fail to theW. S, W; 
 with a light breeze at N. E. At eleven o'clock A. M. 
 thinking; that the coaft towards the N. W. terminated 
 in a point, bearing N.W. by W. we fleered for that 
 
 Eint, having orJercd the Difcovery to keep a-head ; 
 t before that vdTd had run a mile, fhe made a fignal 
 for flioal water. At that \cry time we had the depth 
 of feven fathoms, yet before we could get the head of 
 our ftiip the other way, we had k(s than five; but rhc 
 Difcevcry's foundings were lefs than four fathoms. 
 We now flood back three miles to the N. E. but ob- 
 ferving a ftrong tide fetting to the W. S. W. in a di- 
 reaion to the fhoal, we brought the fliips to anchor in 
 ten fethoms, over a fandy bottom. Two hours after 
 the water fell upwards of two feet, which proved that 
 It was the tide of ebb that came from Briflol River. 
 In the afternoon, the wind having fliifted to the S. W. 
 we weighed at four o'clock, and made fail towards the 
 S- navmg feveral boats a-head employed in founding. 
 When we had pafTed over the fouth end of the flioal, 
 in fix fethoms water, we afterwards got into fifteen fa- 
 thoms, in which we let go our anchors again between 
 eight and liine in the evenings fome part of the chain 
 of mountains on the fouth-caftern fliore being in fight, 
 and bearing S. E. half S. and the moft wefterly land on 
 the other fhore bearing N.W. In the courfe of this 
 day we had defcried high land which bore N. 60 deg. W. 
 On Saturday the nth, at two o'clock A. m! we 
 weighed anchor, with a gentle breeze at S. W. by W. 
 »"^phcd to windward till nine, when judging the 
 flood tide to be againfl us, we anchored in twenty-four 
 bthoms. At one o'clock P. M. the fog, that had this 
 morning prevailed, difpcrfing, and the tide becoming 
 ftvourable, we weighed and plied to the fouth-weft- 
 ^"d- Towards the evening we had fome thunder. 
 We had heard none before from the time of our arrival 
 on this coaft, and what we now heard was at a great 
 diftance. In the morning of the 1 2th we fteercd a 
 N, W. courfe, and at ten o'clock faw the continent. 
 At noon it extended from N. E. by N. to N. N. W. 
 quarter W. and an elevated hill appeared in the di. 
 tcdtion of N. N. W. diftant ten leagues. This we found 
 to be an ifland, to which, on account of its figure. 
 Captain Cook give the name of Round Ifland. It is 
 fituated in the latitude of 58 deg. 37 min. and in lon- 
 gitude aoo deg. 6 min. £. diflant from the continent 
 
 fcYcn 
 
 J 
 
 m 
 
5^6 
 
 Ctpt. COpK's V O Y A)P E 8 C 9 J14rPIu;#.T E., 
 
 ill 
 
 
 
 U -. 
 
 «■ ! 
 
 f Hi* ! 
 
 
 ra^'' 
 
 I 
 
 «|| 
 
 f" ' 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 feven nulcs. At nine in the evening, having (leered a 
 northerly courfc tp within three leagues, of the (horc, 
 Mc tacJiLc^ in fourteen fijihpms ; the wtremltic* of the 
 CDiirt bearing S. Jj). half K. and ,W. Wc rtrctchcd along 
 fliorc till two thpncJttinoirning, when wt iuddeniygot 
 into fix fathoms waipr, lieing. at'the fame timb two 
 Is-agucif from ftwrc. After wc had edged oflf a little, 
 our depth of wat?r gradually iiKreafcd, and at noon 
 >»t: founded in twenty fiithonis. Round IflUnd at this 
 t^uie bore N,. S deg. E. and the wefteqi eixirome of the 
 i;oa(l N. 1 6 deg. W. It h an elevated point, and hav- 
 i/ig calm weatjver vhile we vef« pff it, for this rcafon 
 it.was naiiied (CalmPoint. Qn the imk and i jth< hav- 
 ing little wind,- we advanced but (lowly. At times a 
 a very thjck fog came on. Our foundings were from, 
 tj-vcnty-fix to fourteen fathoms, AVc had pretty good 
 liiccc/s in (idling, fpr we caught plenty of cw andlome 
 tiat Hfll. o r -» ^ 
 
 ;• On Thurfuay the 1 6th, at five o'clock A.M. the (bg 
 vfor'ng up. we found ourfelvcs nearer the (horc tjian we 
 fxpcdcd. Calm Point bore N. 7a deg. E. and a point 
 about eight leagues from it, in a wcfterly diredion. bore 
 N. J deg. E. only three miles diftant. Bctweenthcfe two 
 points tne coaft forma a bay, in fcvcral parts of which 
 the land could fcarccly be feen from the mad.head. 
 Another bay. is on the north.weftem fide of the laft- 
 rocntioncd point, betMreen it and a high promontory, 
 which now bore N. 36 deg. W. at the diftance of fix- 
 tccn miles. About nine o'clock the Commodore dif- 
 patched Lieutenant Wiliiamfoni to this promontotjri 
 with orders to go afliore and obferve what dircftion 
 riie coaft took beyond it, tind what might be the pro- 
 duce of the country; which, when viewed^ from the 
 (mps, had but a fterile appearance. We here found the 
 flood-tide r»*tting ftrongly towards the N. W. along the 
 coall. At noon it was high water, and we cdft anctor 
 at the diftance of twelve miles from the (bore, in twcn«y- 
 four fathoms. About live in the afternoon, the tide • 
 beginning to make m our favour, we weighed, and, 
 drove with it, there being no wind. When Mr. WiU' 
 lianifon returned, he reported that he had landed on 
 the point, and having afcended the moft elevated hill, 
 found that the moft diftant part of the coaft in (jght 
 w;as nearly id a northerly diredlion. He took poltcf- 
 fion of the Country in the name of his BHtannic Ma-' 
 jefty, and left on the hill a bottle containing a paper, 
 on which the names of our ftiips aiid of their comi- 
 njanders, and the date of the diJcoVcry, were infcribed. 
 The promontory, which he named Cape Ncwenham, 
 is. a rocky point, of confiderable height, and is feated 
 in latitude 58 deg. 42 min. and in Idngitude 197 deg- 
 36 inin. E. Over, or within it, two lofty hills arilc 
 one behind another, of which the ' innermoft, ot- 
 caftcinmoft, is the higheft. The country, as far as 
 Mr. Williamfon could difcern, produces not a finglc 
 tree or (hrub. The hills were naked, but on the lower 
 grounds there grew grafs and plants of various kinds, 
 very few of which were at this time in flower. The 
 Ljciitenant met with -no other animals than a doe with 
 liqr lawn, and a dead fta-horfe or cow that lay on the 
 licarh : of the latter animals we had feen a confiderable 
 mjinbcr from the fliips. Cape Ncwenham is the nortH- 
 cril boundary of the cxtenlive gulph or bay fKuated be- 
 fore the rivtr Briftol, which, in honour of the Admi-^ 
 ral, I'arVof Briftol, received from the Commodore the 
 diftinction of Briftol Bay. Cape Ooneemak forms th« 
 fouthern limit of this bay, and is eighty-two leagues 
 diftant, in the direiftion of S. S. W. from Cape Newen-i 
 ham. At eight o'clock in the evening we fteered to the 
 N, \V. and N. N. W. round the cape, which at noon 
 the next day was four leagues diftant, bearing S. by E. 
 'i he moft advanced land towards the norths bore N. 
 30 deg. E. and the neatcft part of the coaft was three 
 leagues and a half diftarit. T)uringthe afternoon there 
 waCbut little wind. To that' by ten o'clock in the even- 
 ing wc had only proceeded three league* on a northerly 
 coyrfc. • 
 
 Saturday the 1 8th, at eight o'clock A.M. we were 
 fteering N. by W. when the depth of water fuddcniy 
 decrcated to fcvcn and five fithoms; or which account 
 
 we brought to, till a boat fmm each of the (hipawm 
 fcnt arhead to found, and than we fteered to the N. E. 
 At jKwn, when the water deepened toifovemeen hthotns, 
 
 (bore w;is four leagues. Our latitude was 5^ deg. t(i 
 min. N. Befoce one o'cloc k the boats a-^^heacTdit'dayed 
 the fignal for (hoal-water. They had only two fiithomsi 
 but at the fame tinne the fliipa .rverein fix. By hauling 
 more lo.thcvnorth.we continued nearly in the fam^ 
 depth till JietWf pit Ave and fix o'clock, w4>en our boau 
 liniding lefs and tefs water. Captain Cook nudle the fig. 
 nal to the Difcovery, Which was then a-he«d, to ca(t 
 anchor, and both (hips foon came to. In bringing up 
 the Refoliition, her cable parted at the clinch, fo that 
 wc were obliged to make ufc of the other anchor. W* 
 rode in 6 fathoms water, over a bottom of (and, at tht 
 diftance of about five leagues from the continent. Cap* 
 Newenhamnowbore S. dUGutt 16 leagues. The far^ 
 theft hiiU we could perceive towards the nbhh, boi« 
 N. E. by E. and lowland ftietched out friim the mom 
 elevated parts as far as N. by E. Without this ther« 
 was a.fhoal of ftones and fand, dry at half ebb. The 
 two mafters having been fent, each in a boat> to (bund 
 between this (hoal and the coaft, reported, on their to* 
 turn, that there was a channel, inwhiichthe ibundinga 
 were 6 and 7 fiithoms, but that it was rather nanow 
 and intricate. At low water, we attempted to get s 
 hawfer round the .loft anchor, but did not then fucceedt 
 however being refolved not to leave it behind us, while 
 there remained the profpcd of recovering it, we pet- 
 fevered in our endeavours 1 and at . length, in the even- 
 ingof the 30th, we had the defued fttccefs. While 
 : thus employed, the Commodore ordered Captain 
 Clerke to fend hh mafter in a boat to fearch for a pal^ 
 fage in a S. W. diretftion. He accordingly did fo, but 
 could fmd. no channel in that quarters nor did it ap- 
 pear, that there was any other way to get dear of tM 
 Ihbals, than by returning by the fame track in which 
 wc had. entered: for though, by following the channel 
 we were now in, we might, perhaps, have got farther 
 'down the coaft 1 and though this channel might have 
 probably carried us at iaft to the northward, clear of the 
 fljoals, yet the attempt would have been attended With 
 extreme hazanit inii in cafe of ilUfueccfs, there would' 
 have been a great ki(s of tinne, that we could not con* 
 veniently fpare. Thefe realbnt induced the Common 
 dore to return by the way which had brought us ip, and 
 thus avoid the (hoals. "The latitude of our prcfent fts« 
 tibni by lunar obfervations, was 59 d^. 37 n;iin. 30 
 fee. N, and our rongitudc 1^7 deg. 41 min. 48 fx. £. 
 The moft northern part of the coaft am we cduld dift. 
 cem from this ftation, was fuppofe^ %o be (ituate in 
 lat. 60 deg. It formed, to appearai^ce, alowpoipv 
 to which was given the nathe of Shoal Ne(t. The tide 
 of flood fets to the northward, and the ebb to the (buth« 
 ward: it rifes and fiills five dr fix feet upon a pcrpetidi. 
 cular, and wc reckon that it is high water at, eight', 
 o'clock on the full and change days, 
 
 On T\iefday the aiftj at thiee o^Itick A. M. havii^ , 
 
 a gentle breeze at N. N. W. v/t fet'fall, with three 
 
 boats a-head employed in (bunding. Notwithftanding ' 
 
 this precaution, we met with greater dtJRculty in i^* 
 
 , tummg than we had ill advanieing: and were at length 
 
 under the nece(fity!of atKhorlng, to avoid, the danmr ' 
 
 of running upon a (hoal that had only a depth Of Ave 
 
 feet. While we lay at anchor, twenty-fevcn Ameri. 
 
 cans, each in a feparate canoe, came oif tq the (hfps, . 
 
 which they approached with fome deeree of caiiripn. 
 
 As they advanced they hallooed, and exteiided their 
 
 arms; thereby intimating, as we undcrflnod, their 
 
 peaceable intentions, and how coidially they were raidy 
 
 to receive us. Some of them at Iaft canw near enough 
 
 to receive a few trifling articles, which we threw to 
 
 j them. This gave cncourwement to the others to veiu 
 
 ) (ure alongfide t and a tramc qukkly cofiinMnced bc> 
 
 itween them and our people, who obtained woodAl 
 
 ' velTels, bows, darts, atrowt, dicflb of (kini, &c. in 
 
 cxchai^ for whiefa the native* accepted whatever Wc 
 
 offend 
 
COOK'S THikd tnd LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 557 
 
 fliipt wA| 
 the N. £. 
 1 fathotnt) 
 t, bcarmg 
 kc land in 
 heneiir«(t 
 ft deg. lA 
 idit played 
 )fatnoni8| 
 iy hauling 
 the famt 
 I our bmu 
 die thfc fig- 
 d, to cut 
 inging up 
 h, fa that 
 ihor. W* 
 ind, at tht 
 lent. Cap* 
 The far- 
 \bith, bore 
 I theroort 
 : this there 
 ebb. The 
 tt tofixind 
 in their re^ 
 : ibundingt 
 :her narrow 
 d to get « 
 lenfucceed: 
 d us, while 
 it, wc per" 
 n the even> 
 ib. While 
 >d Captain 
 I for a pap 
 did To, but 
 r did it ap- 
 dear of tm 
 ck in which 
 the channel 
 got farther 
 might have 
 clear of the 
 tended With 
 there would' 
 lid not con* 
 he Common 
 ht usiiji, and 
 prefect ft»* 
 
 37 n>>n. 3? 
 i.48f(qc.£. 
 vc could dift 
 befituatein 
 a low poipV 
 ). The tide 
 tothefouth.. 
 laperpendi. 
 ter at, eight. 
 
 {. Mi having 
 I, with three 
 withibndiag ' 
 kuhy in h- 
 rere at length 
 l,the daiw^r 
 depth of Ave 
 fevcn Ameri- 
 to| the Ibi'ps, . 
 e of caiitipn. 
 ctcnded their 
 ;rftood, their 
 ejrwereretdv 
 ! near enough 
 wc threw to 
 Dthen to ven. 
 nmenccd be. 
 tined woodm 
 (kina. &c. in 
 1 whatever w« 
 oScr4 
 
 offered them. Thejr appeared to be the ftme fort of 
 people with thofe wc had met with all along this coaft ; 
 and they wore in their lips and nofcs the fame forts 
 of ornamentt; but they were not fo well clothed, and 
 were much more dirty. Wc thought them to be pcr- 
 fedly unacquainted with any civilized nation; they 
 were ignorant of the ufe of tobacco ; nor did we obfervc 
 in their poflcflion any foreign article, unlefs a knife may 
 be corifidered as fuch. This indeed was nothing more 
 than a piece of common iron fitted in a handle made 
 of wood, fo as to fcrve the purpofc of a knife. How> 
 ever, thefe people underftood fo well the value and uft 
 of this inftniment, that it feemed to be almofl the only 
 article they thought worth purchafing. The hair of 
 mod of them was fhavcd, or cut fhort off, a few locks 
 being left on one ftde and behind. They wore for a 
 covering on their heads, a hood of fkins, and a bonnet 
 fcemingly made of woixl. One part of their drcfs, 
 which we procured, was a kind of girdle of fkin, made 
 in a very neat manner, with trappings depending from 
 it, and palling between the thighs, fo as to conceal 
 the adjacent parts. From the ufe bf this girdle, it is 
 
 Erobable, that they ibmetimes go in other refptds na- 
 ed^ even in thia high northern latitude ; tor it can 
 fcarcely befuppofed that they wear it under their other 
 cloathing. Their Canoes were covered with fkins, liki 
 thofe we had lately feen; but they were broader;, and 
 the hole wherein the perlbn fits was wider, than iti 
 any of thofe we had before met with. Our boats rc'- 
 turning from founding gave them fome alarm, fo that 
 they all departed fooncr than perhaps they otherwift 
 would have done. 
 
 On Wcdnefday the 226, we|;ot clear of the fhoals; 
 jret we could not venture to fVeer towards the weft du)'- 
 mg the night, but fpent it off Cape Ncwenham. 0h 
 the 33d, at day-break, we flood to the northward, the 
 Difcovery being ordered to g© a-head. When we had 
 proceeded two leagues, our foundings decreafed t6 M 
 fathoms. Being apprehenfive,' that. If we contiinidd 
 this courfe, we (hould meet with kifs water. We hau!^ 
 to the fouth. This coiirfc broUghtli^ gradually ititb 
 18 fathoms water; upoti which w«i ventufed to fretfr 4 
 little weflcrly, and afterwards doe wefV, Whcn'wie at' 
 length found 36 fathoms.' At noon, by ebfehrati6n;'wt; 
 were in lat. 5* dog. 7 min. long. 194 deg. 22 min. eaft. 
 We now fteiTcd W. N. W. the depth of water' intid- 
 iing gradually to 34 fathom^. On Saturday the i^th; 
 rn the evening, having little wirid, and art' etcieedln^ 
 thick fog, wc let go our anchors in 30 fathoms. ' At fi< 
 o'clock the next morning, the weather clearing up, wd 
 fet fail, and Hood to the northward. After we had pro- 
 ceeded on thitcoorfefOr the fpaCe of nine leagues, the 
 wind ^'eetcdtoohe'N. fo thatwc weitobtigcdtofleei'trit^' 
 weftedy.' On Tueftlay ihtf 49<h,- at noori, we hid'^J'iSi' 
 funfhkne ibr a few lMi*s, dvriitg which fcveral obA^rVaL- 
 
 tions were made, which determined' our lat. to be (9 
 deg. (5 min. and our long. 190 deg. 6 min. but the 
 time-keeper gave 189 deg. 59 min. difference only 
 7 rrjin. On the soth, in the morning, wc difcovcrcd 
 Uffid. bearing N. W. by W. diftant 6 leagues. Wc 
 ^6oA towards it till between ten ai^ eleven, when we 
 tacked in 34, fathoms, being then a league from the 
 land, which bore N. N. W. It was the fouth-callern 
 extreme, and formed a perpendicular cliff of great 
 height*: upon which it received from the Captain the 
 name of Point Upright. Its lat. is 60 deg. 17 min. 
 lohg.'ii7 deg. 30 mil), eaft. More land wiu per- 
 ceived to the Wtftwat'd of this point ; and, at a clear 
 interval^ we difcerned another portion of high land, 
 bearing W. by S. and this fcemcd to be pcrfedlly fe- 
 parated from the other. On Thurfday, the 30th, at 
 four o'clock P. M. Point Upright bore N. W. by N. 
 diflant 6 leagues. 4 'ight breeze now fpringing up 
 at N.N. W. we ftpercd to the north-eaflward till four 
 the n'ext morning, When the wind veered to the eaft; 
 ■wt then tacked, and flood to the N. W, The wind, 
 not long after, fhifting to S. E. we fleered N. E. by N. 
 and continued this courfe with foundings, from 35 to 
 20 fathoms, till noon the following day. 
 
 Saturday, Auguft the i ft, we obfcrved in lat. 60 deg. 
 58 jViin. ion?. 191 dej^. call. The wind now becoming 
 north-cafterly, we firiV made a ftretch of about ten 
 leagues towarcfs the 'i^. W. and then, as wc obferved 
 no land in that' diredlion, we flood back to the B. 
 for the fpace of I4 or 1 j leagues, and met with a con- 
 fiderable cjuantity of drift-wood. On the sd, we had 
 variable light wjijds, with fhowcrs of rain the whole 
 day. In the m6r^itig of Monday, the ^d, we refumcd 
 diir itbrthward cburfe, j/Vt noon, by obicrvation, our 
 lat, ^is '62 deg. 34 iniri; k^g. ^92 deg. E. Between 
 thire' and four o'clo'clc this afternoon, Mr. Andcrfon, 
 Captain Cook's furgeon of the Refolution, expired, at 
 ter he had lingered under a confumption upwards of a 
 tweKfcmonth. , He was a fenfible, intelligent young 
 main; an agreeable companion; had great fkill in his 
 prbfcdlbn: and had acquired a conftderable portion of 
 knowtedg^lh 6ther branches offcicnce. Our readers will 
 doubllefs have obferved, how ufcful an affiftant he had 
 proved in the courfe of this voyage; and had it pleafcd 
 God tohavepipolonged his life toalater period, the public 
 rrtfcht have teticived from him fuch communications ». i 
 thie'vai'i(i)us parts of natural hillory of the feveral placet 
 ht^ifitcd, as would have abundantly fhewn he wa» wor- 
 tny^bf a higher commendation than we have here given 
 hrrn^ H}s fliner?! was performed with the ufual cere- 
 monies at fea; after which Mr. Law, furgeon of the 
 Oifcovery. Was removed into the Rpfolution. and Mr. 
 ^"y*'^f the (brgeon's firft mate of the Refolutipfl, was 
 ij^liaihtbd to lucqccd Mr^ law as furgeon of the Dif*. 
 cOvciVl : 
 
 ■.<t.j 
 
 A, . 
 
 ■>t-tsss 
 
 f I • - I i'.._- 
 
 'f ID ,.i;i!!U).> r 
 
 .'jiioc « 
 
 ofmoreC,ipf/ attdbeadJa»d;^Srjiiro^b.J)lariil-^C^j>iffA piMf .interview with a paniadar fiimily^Mr. Kinz'vtfitt 
 i^'T'^rP^' "/"".", 'r".'^"f '^J (''<^i^"r9'"'ii. -^f^V 'kl<=rifti6H of the country, f^c.^Notton's Sound—Stcmantt 
 lfla«d difcoijfrcd and de_^ribed—Cape Stcve^s~^fint,SUlfy!t,-wa^frrrSboals~.aerke's IJkHd^Gore's— Pinnacle^ 
 ^l ^f'"'^"/pr'W <ilcak,^Tb( two Jbt^Orrive at 0»naiajL-htervieu. with the natives and RulTian traders^ 
 tt^PM"'"'J f '">^:'!*—^'<'>'*»' fthejpmtdivifited ^ 4 mH^^^-^Of their Jettlemtnt at Oonalajka—A particu* 
 luiXr^pi^ "i'^'i'l^^'r ;«««/<^<!7«rf^ r^:p^t,rie^ <^tbttrdead, i^c.^An account oftbefjb. andotbjla ani. 
 
 of America, to Ibe^^fguimawi and Greenbndersr-Oh/en>a(i^s. J " J 
 
 SOONafier Mr. A»iderfon had rtfigned hia breath, 
 we difcovered laiid to the Weftward, dilbhif 12 
 leagues. We fuppoled it to be an iflandj and 
 the Commodore, to perpehilMe tiM meiwary of tht dr.' 
 _. N«>. 68k 
 
 ceafed, for whom he had a very great regard, diflin- 
 guilhed it by the name of Anderfon's llland. On 
 Tiiefday, the 4th, at three in the afternoon, wefaw land 
 extending frortj N. N. E. to N. W. Wc ftccred to- 
 7 li watd* 
 
 )\ 
 
 ,1 . 
 
 'I'll 
 nfflfi 
 
558 ., dapt.. C 9 9 JC'8 y a Y Aipi E S CPMPliiPTE, 
 
 f « 
 
 U«MM-ab 
 
 ■?: 
 
 .l-lfl 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 B ■' 
 
 m 
 
 
 wardi 
 froni h, 
 
 ftiling, we -let gif our aiichors in i'} fathonu, bvec « •{ 
 fandy IjotioM. ar The dmanc^Qr^bout twc^ league* fjKm 
 -land. Our Hn^was now 6^ <Je^. 27 min, K, jmI Wng. 
 194 dct I ff iWin, E. "We could at intervaU, dilci^m , 
 thc'coaft extnidi«nfYiiOn^ E, to I*. W. aiid ap ifl^«|f 
 <:onfldebbleJ<E^tf<ni, bMirin^W^by $. oiae milca ' 
 diihnt. ' The land1)eK>re uf, which. w« imagined to b^ 
 the continent of America, abpearol rather low next this 
 feat but inland it rofe in bills,^ ^hich fecmc4 to be of 
 a tolerable height. It 1^0 a Krc^Uh1iuc,^aQ4 i*<^ *p- 
 parently dcftit'utcof wot^and qfee fipfh fno^. ^^^0^ 
 our (hips remained at anchor, wi; pbfi^Y^cljtharthe ttde 
 •of flood canie from the eaftward,' and (ct to the;, weft- 
 ward, till between the houn of ten aiid clpreni from 
 which time, till two o'clock the next mpming, the 
 ftream fet to the E. and the watf r fell three fs^t, Thip 
 'flood nllirting both longer and fl^rptigcr than tnejcbb, 
 we concluded that thVrc w'a^ a M|e(tcfly current Ixfidei 
 the tide. Wetjncfday the ' Jth. at teii o'clock in the 
 moiVii^ng,- wc'fan down, ind foph after ancnorcd i^- 
 twtfen the idand and the coiitincnt in Icven fatl^onis. 
 Not long after we had ca(t an(:hdr. Captain. pooK^ ^• 
 companied by Mi*. King >rtd ,foi^)ic, other .cmoers, 
 landed uporithe id^hd^ H<i1ii60ed]to^haye h«d from 
 it a prolpcdl of ^hq^cdaft add f<a towards the welli 
 4)Ut1nthat direifWon'thi 'fog wi»s fo thic^, that tlie 
 %iew Waa nor niore cxrenfi^ than it^'waa froin ^ur 
 ftiipj. The coaft of the' continent fe^tpci) to .incline 
 to the north, it a low point, named by us Point Rod> 
 ney, which bore from th<^ IJtend N.,,)V- Nf W»^i^l Ac 
 
 diftahce of three cfr JStif I^gueS; '^t tHcjlii^ 
 which aflbmed a' morfc no^ne'rly,,<Jprcc[ioru,iW(|5^, pc^^ 
 «eived >t 4 Wiiich Kreater\diftan<?c.'^ T^^ie f»t, jo^ tl^f 
 •ifland is 64 ldc^.'30inini'N., and hi long. i» 193' d». 
 .<7min. E. It is atraut r3 mj^iincireumfcrencs^: l^m: 
 TUrface of the ground principally cdnfifts of large. ]i«Kir^ 
 'ftone*, covered in many places wtofi iitoXj,'|^(^«jlj^hcr 
 vegetables: of which iroor jo di(fer|nt fpfcfps.WC'ie bpr 
 ■ferved, and mott of thtiii Were in fli^^^eF.. jkit'iiw 
 tapttin faw hot « tree Qrlhrub either' oij thjs f Uand Of 
 ufjon the rtWfehbobtittg continent. Near the, beacsh 
 where he landwi, was d Confidehibic quantity oC wild 
 purlbun. long- wort, peafe, &c.,fpme of which 1^? tppl^ 
 onboard fdr boiKng; He ftw. feve^, WQv^j i^ 
 ■other fltwll birfsi a fon was klftfcen^ Tflfi/m^ 
 feme decayed' huts, built paWy andcr-jgroun<p^,^-Pe^ 
 ^le had 1atcly|bcen updti the Irtandj «)d ih \^\ 
 fhin pMbabie that they ohtii rejnir to it,tbcre' 
 a beaten-path frohi one:end to the other, , Ata,|l|ipi 
 <!iftance litem tljaf pirf ,t»f (he ;(hqre .#f jT os^r' ""' 
 Aien landed. ih^ltAini 
 iRiHi GookftD 
 Irhi^d.J Itap^eifred 
 the RulTians in Kamtfchatka, for the purpofe 6r con- 
 
 it fimned .to fae'offnnalt extent, and-'was ramMiKinfi^ 
 Ifland. We rode at anchor till eight the next monn 
 ing, when wc weighed, and ftecrad u N. W. courfi;. 
 Tm, weather beina dear towarda the evening, we ob* 
 ttii^a.flghl of the north- weftem Itnd, diftant about 
 thme iaaguci. : We palled the night in making, fliort 
 4KW(b,«he weather being rainy and mifly, and the 
 wind incnnfidemble. Between four and five in th« 
 nnqmii^ of the 8th, we again had a flght of the N.W. 
 land I and not long afterwards having a calm, and be^ 
 ing driven by a current towards the more, we thought 
 fropec to anchor in i a ftthoms' water, at the didance 
 9f «iboiit two miles from the coafl. Over the wcf^ 
 tern extremity is a lofty peaked hill, fituatr in the long, 
 of 192 deg. 18 min. B. and in the lat. of 65 dcg. 36 
 nun.N. A north-oifterly breeze ipringing'Up at eight 
 o'clock, we weired, and made fail to the (oath-eaft« 
 ward, homing to flndi«;paCage betwcenrithis N..W. 
 land and ihe coaft. fwar Which we had ca(^ anchor in 
 the evening of the i^th. But we quickly got into fevrn 
 f^homs water, and perceived low land connc^iig tho 
 two coafts, .and the elevated land Iwhind it. Per. 
 fuadcd that the whole waa a continued coalt, we now. 
 tacked and fleered for itS' north. wcflcm parr, near 
 )»hich we anchored io.17 fathoms., li^e weather at 
 prfdent was very thick anti lainyr butat four the next 
 fjiyorninfi^ it clcafcd vpi and enabled us to ^tfi&ern' the 
 MigtibmirHig land. Arfofty ftf ep roek or tfland bore 
 W. by S. another ifland to jhe' north ward of it, and 
 ^;onfiderably la^er. ban, W. by N. the peaked hill 
 before mentioned^ S. E-by E, and the point that waa 
 under it, S. 32 dcg. E. Under this hill is fome low 
 Iffitd,; extending tpwar^^itlic N. W; the extreme point 
 
 
 p£.iifi)i$h .was now abomioiie league diftant, bearing 
 N^^E. U E, .Q%er, |tk>ind,aJirQ beyond ii;,Wp obferved 
 tome high land, which we imagined wa^ a continual 
 dpn o^tae ^ntinent. This pome of land, which the 
 C^mn^o^oea diftingMifticd by the name of Cape Prince 
 o^^^»p, UAt weftern extremq ftfaU America hi.* 
 fjwrto iajpwp. ItJiaflda in the long, of 191 deg. 45 
 mjn. E. awji in.;h« !»». of *5 deg»; 46 nuA. N. wc 
 Wif^ %\uin we &W fotnt people on t|K; ooaft ; and per-» 
 hapa tifc were not miftMcenJn, our fuppofition, as 
 Canie«|cvatio9« Ukeftageii and ethers reftmbling huts, 
 were ,9^crved ^ t\\e fime place. This morning, at 
 cig^ o'clock, a &int jvortherly bree*ei arifuig,! we 
 v|«i£^ anchor I butt our fails werQ fcarcely fet. when 
 k,fK0U^ to blpwand rainiiwith, great violence. «hcre 
 ptiug at the faire titpe roifty weatheit The wiiid and 
 (■urrent were in cojntrary dire<fUons,. raifing fuch a fea^^ 
 that it ^fien broke into the ftiip. , Hayingi plitd to: 
 windwaidwith little effect till tw0.«'«lfl(cK3iAtbeh»fH) 
 tmoolv ^c ftood <fo^ the i^Mid. wAii«h wi.had'par*^^ 
 cewed pa the weftwafd, intendinK tfriO^ jinchor undcf 
 i^^H .the gale ^uU ~ftitm,>*»l mn.. wr .amuft 
 appioach to this ifland, we found that it was com.- 
 veyihe goods from one place to anothe'r oVer the fnowll^fed of two Jh«JU()*ndv,^^ 
 or ic^ It wasaboufsoincherhi bread th, afifft61eer tKree or^ou' ^cagu^a m circumfcmjce *• ''-f- 
 
 d. th& ^n^ dPlMfo. wtl MV^feS^faL^ 
 atletfred to' W fiicH Ttttfa? uuWM 
 
 in length, had a fort of rail-work on ad» fide. Md 
 waii fliod with bone. Its conftrudlion was^minfbte, 
 and its various parts were put together with great ncat^ 
 fief»i forafc-.wttffwooden jpins,»;b«Mr^»the>¥i*ffJ«t 
 with thongs or laflunm««^)«'li4ii'bort«i 1(i^tK>)if(?iwm:e 
 Of which, thcCaptam inagibed that it was ptiiti)r 
 the worttmanftiip of the natives. We wcigWcd kiicho)r 
 at three O'ckick A. M. et •4ie<6th, ahtf rsidVfstH; t^the' 
 M. W. wkh ali^ br«e» from the toilihwa*a3''Ha«.; 
 ing aftetwaids but little wind, ahd thar>ai-iatd|^,^feA 
 node bu^a flow |»ogi«fs{f> antf, ktcfghc d'dtOiSk iht^- 
 cWningr^ finding the fliip* getlintf fiiro flwiatw^me^ w« I 
 anchored in fcVenfathomk, our difiance flmn |he coaft I 
 being about two leagues. Sledge ffliiid/t11*(*.bort ^i I 
 41 dcg. E. fline or ten leagues ««(hirtt.^'.^Sod«^M J* 
 had lct*«».our anchors, tSicwcathtr^-whfcKliid'WKh 
 ^ifty,.c wared. up, and 1«e pereeivMl high latMl ex- 
 tenclin^ from N. 40 dcg. E. to N. 30 deg. W. feeing- 
 ingly disjoined from the coaft ne»r which wc Uy at 
 anchor, which appeaivd ^ ettend to the ; nord)-«9R.n 
 ward. We at the ^fiie time;ifi|w ar\'iftai)d beariii| 
 U. «i deg. W. it tt*di)laKtf<if tight dlirt^kag^ 
 
 muj; 4, :. . . •• -.01 A , , - • 
 
 As thcfe 
 >could jaffbid us iTtde flielter, we di^ not come to 
 in ahchor,l)ut continued to ftretch towards the W. 
 and ab«tt eiirht o'clock in the evening,, we faw land 
 5irt^ f,p% »r^. fo W^ Ijy L tlte^ance of 
 ili^.tkawhpart bcFAfe^Jt1agues.\.'We ftood on till 
 tenp'ilock, amlrtxminadr aboard towarda the-E. in 
 
 "dWei'-ttipafs the night. .,,>. ' •, a 
 
 '0#M0May thej^dlL atbrdtk.ofday, vn refumed 
 ^ *#Ard, coiirfeto the land f^n W us th^ pre- 
 itedbg tven&tt. Atekven minutes afterfcven o claf;k, 
 ft^^nded Sm S. 72 d%. W. to N. 41 d«. E. 
 ^wb^ the fiwih-weftem extremity, and a pouit bear- 
 IngW. flx nOtea diftant, the coaft ^rms » fpacioua 
 bay, i* which We dromied our anchors fit ten in i)ie 
 foitoodn, about liyo miles ffpm tH northern ft^re, 
 ■<>^«fr«^ boiitoim, at tlWs depth pt ten .fethyns. 
 
 N»tod«.W.betwpen tw aii*lJfi^g»»«» diftanft ipml 
 ibt twoiftimlli that we had p*(W the preceduig #y, 
 were aith^djiUce of,44>IWf!^. ^/jfW^N. 7a deft 
 
 «»l!.V 
 
txt mom^ 
 W. courfe* 
 ng, weob* 
 lant about 
 king, flwrt 
 f, and the 
 1VC in th« 
 thcN.W. 
 m, and bei 
 me thought 
 he didanco 
 r the wef.* 
 n the long. 
 6s deg. 36 
 up at eight 
 (outh-ead* 
 hii N..W. 
 \ anchor in 
 t into fevcn 
 tc^iig tho 
 i it. Per- 
 ill, we now, 
 port, near ' 
 wtathcr at 
 ur the next 
 difcern'the 
 tfland bore 
 I of it, and 
 peaked hill 
 int that was 
 is fome low 
 ireine point 
 \M, bearing 
 i»p obferven 
 a continual 
 , which tht 
 [Jape Prince 
 America .hi^ 
 191 deg. 45 
 ft. N. We 
 fti and per-i 
 poiition, ai 
 nbling huts, 
 Tiorning, at 
 arifuig,! -wie 
 Iwret^when 
 u^ncc, <hcre 
 he wiiidand 
 { fuch a fca, 
 ngiplitd to 
 le^iAtbehtffj 
 irti:had>pero 
 nchor uodcf 
 . 9ur :mntiii 
 it was com" 
 shcscecdcd 
 As thcfe 
 lot come to 
 irds the W. 
 ivc faw land 
 e^iftance of 
 Rood on till 
 rdstbevE. in 
 
 fW refuined 
 
 us .ihc; prc- 
 
 ^veno'dof^. 
 
 I point bear- 
 IS « fpa^cious 
 jit ten in t|ie 
 rthem d^re, 
 ti^ fathoms. 
 ^i'dec.Et its 
 i^bf the bay, 
 !9di(laiUk«in«| 
 rectdtng d«r> 
 g.,N. 7' ^ 
 tved> on the 
 ,K noitH 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 si 
 
 },- 
 
 n 
 
 
u 
 
 III 
 
 li 
 
 11 
 
 II* 
 
COOlC'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGK-To the PACIFIC OCHAN. Sec. $59 
 
 uhorth (hoit, a village, and fome people, who feemcil | 
 to have been thrown into confulum, or fear, at the 
 flirht of our veffeti. We could plainly perceive perfons 
 running up the country with burdens upon their (hould- 
 cri. At thi» *illage Captain Cook propored to land; 
 and accoirfingly «'<"* «»'•> ••''*« armed boati, accom- 
 iMnied by fome of the offkrrf . Thirty or forty men, 
 . ii^N of whom wai armed with a fpontoon, a bow, and 
 '- ^rrowa, ftoed drawn up ort an eminence near the houfei t 
 i 'three of them came down towards the (liore, on the 
 attpraech of our gentlemen, and were fo polite ai to 
 puTtoiT' their caps, and make them low bowa. Though 
 thii civility wai returned, it did not Infpirc them with 
 fuflRcieiit confidence to wait for the land! ng of our party 1 
 for, the mftant they put the boats alhorc, the natives re- 
 tired. Captain Cook followed them alone, without any 
 thii« in his hand] and, by figns and geftures, pre- 
 vailed on them to ftop, and accept fome ttifling pre- 
 fents: in return for thefe, they gave him two fox-lkins, 
 •nd a couple of fe*.horfe teeth. The Captain was of 
 opinion, that they had brought thefe articlei down 
 with them for the purpofe of prefcnting them to himi 
 and that they would have given them to him, even if 
 they had etpedtcd no return. They fcemtd very timid 
 anci cautious : intimating their deflre, by (Igns, that no 
 more of our people (hould he fuffered to come up. On 
 the Captain's laying his hand on the (lioulder of oi^c of 
 them, ne ftarted back fcveral paces; in proportion as 
 he advanced, they retreated, always in the attitude of 
 being ready tomakeufe of their fpears; while thofc on 
 the eminence, were prepared to fupport them with 
 their armws. Infenfibljr, the Captain, and two or 
 three of his companions, introduced themfelvet among 
 1 Ihem. The diftribution of a few beads among fome of 
 f them, foon created a degree of confidence, fo that they 
 ]' vrere not alarmed, when the Captain was joined by a 
 ftw more of his peoples and, m a fliort time, a kind 
 of traffic was entered Iito. In exchange fbr tobacco. 
 . Itnivis, beads, and othei aitides, thty gave. a few ar- 
 |row8, and fome of their cli.'hing; but nothihgthat pur 
 f people had to offer, could induce them to part with a 
 fpear or a bow. Thefe they held in continual ti»dinefs, 
 ; never quitting them; except at one time, when four or 
 ! iive pcrfons laid theirs down, while thry favoured our 
 party with a fongand a dances and cveiJ then, they 
 placed, them in foch anufmer, that !|1rey could lay hold 
 of them in a moment. Their an^ows were {wfntcd 
 either with'ftone or bohe, bi^t ■vcijr^ftvr of theit)' had 
 'barbs 2 and fomtioftheth had a r^nd blunt point. 
 ; What ufe thefe arc applied to, we caiinot fay, unleii it 
 I be to kill fmall aninuti without damaging the (kin. 
 • Their bows were fiich'aa wehadobfervedon the Ame- 
 rican coad.i their fpontoons, orfpears, were of iron or 
 fteel, and of European or Aflatic workmanihip; and 
 confiderable paihi had beeii taken to cmbellidi them 
 >with earning, and inlayinj^ of Urafs, and of a white 
 metalw Thdc who Aooid « ith bows and arro«3 in their 
 hands, had the fpear (lung by a leathern ftrap over their 
 rieht (houldcr. A leathern qnive^, fliirig dver tli^r \ck 
 ihoulder ferved to cdntain arrows t ana (bme of thefe 
 cpiivers were exceedingly beautiful, beingmade of red 
 l^her, on which was very neat embroidery, and oth?r 
 ornaments. Several other things, and particularly 
 their cloathing, indicated a degree of ingenuity far for-' 
 p^.^ng what anv one would expcdl to Bnd a^mohg fo 
 northemai^ple. 
 
 The AiiteHi^'we hadftdi ffnce pur arrival' on thai 
 cdift, liad ft^'dlnbby' feces, and'high Niheekiboinrt, 
 ahd i**rt! jxmr Id* «f (tfiture. The pet^e atnoiig 
 whotMwetaow^'wc^, ferfrom refembling them, had 
 long Vifafees,' atirf Were ftdut and wi:\l made: MJ)on the 
 whole, they appeared to be a vdry diffbrcjnt rtation. 
 N6iVoWien, i^or childivii of either fex, were obfervcd, 
 nor anykgrti pCribhs, btc^oiie man. whofe heiad was 
 nilds lihd hCiwMiJhc onljr'ene whoHdr^ no ahfhs: the 
 otWrsTcemed tofit ftlca men, and richer under than 
 above the middle age. The elderly man had a bhck 
 mark acroft his face, which wai not pfcrceived in 
 any of the others ; ail of them had their cars perforated, 
 and fome had glafs beads hanging to theni Thefe 
 
 I 
 
 were the only fixed ornamcnti ficn about lhci»,lor they 
 wearnone to rhcir lips: this is another particular, ih 
 which they differ from the Americans we had lately 
 fecn. Their apparel confifted of a pair of breeches, a 
 cap, a frock, a pair of boots, and a pair of gloves, all 
 made of the ikuis of deer, do^s, fcals, and other ani- 
 mals, and extremely well drcfled ; fome with the hair 
 or fur on, and others without it. The caps Wetc made 
 In foch a manner, as to fit the head very clofej and be- 
 fides thefe caps, which were worn by moft of thern, 
 we procured from them fome hoods, made of dog- 
 (kins, that were fultlticntly large to cover both head and 
 Ihouldcrs, Their hair was apparently black, but their 
 heads were either fhaved, or the hair cut clofe off, and 
 none of them wore beards. Of the few articles which 
 they obtained from our people, knives and tobacco were 
 ■what they fet the moft value upon. 
 
 In the village wc faw both their winter and their fum- 
 mcr habitations J the former arc cxadly like a vault, 
 the floor of which is funk fcelow the furface of the 
 canh. One of them, which Captain Cook examinctl, 
 was of an oval figure, about twenty feet in length, and 
 twelve or mt ri in height i the framing conlirtcd of 
 wood, and the ribs of whales, judicioufly difpofed, 
 and hound together with fmallcr materials of the fame 
 kind. Over this framing, a coveyng of ftrong coarfc 
 grafs was laid, and that again was covered with earths 
 Jo that on theoutfide, the houfc had the appearance of 
 a litrie hillock, fupportcd by a wall of Hone, of the 
 height of three or four feet, which was built round the 
 two fides, and one end. At the other end of the ha- 
 bitation, the earth was raifed fioping, to walk up to 
 the entrance, which was by a hole in the top of the 
 roof, over that end. The floor was boarded, and un- 
 der it was a fort of cellar, in which the Captain faw 
 nothing but water; at the end of each houfc wiis a 
 vaulted room, Which he foppofed was a ftorc-room. 
 Thefe ftore-rooms communicated, by a dark paiTage, 
 with the houfc; and with the open air, by a hole in the 
 roof, which was even with the ground one walked 
 upon; but tHcy cannot be faid to be entirely below 
 ground; for one end extended to the edge of the hill, 
 along which they were made, and which was built up 
 with ftone. Over it flood a kind of fentiy box, or 
 tower, formed of the large bones of great fifn. Their 
 fammefhuts were of a tolerable fi2t, and circular, be- 
 tngbraughtto a point at the top. Slight poles and 
 bones, covered with the (kins of lea animals, comppfed 
 the framing. Captain Cook examined the infide of one: 
 < there was a fire-place juft within the door, wh tc a few 
 wooden vefTels were depolited, all very dirty. Their 
 bed-places were clofe tp the fide, and occupied about 
 one-half of the circuit : fome degree of privacy fccmed 
 to be obfervcd ; for there were feveral partitions, made 
 withfkihs. The bed and bedding confifted of deer- 
 (kins, and moft of them -were clean and dry. About 
 the houfes *ere eredcd feveral Ihgcs, ten or twelve 
 fetV in height, fuch as we had feen on fome parts of the 
 American codft. They were compofcd entirely of 
 bones, and were apparently intended for drying their 
 filh and (kins, which were thus placed out of the reach 
 of their dogs, of which ' ^^'y had great numbers. 
 Tliefe dogs are of the fox xind, rather latge, and of 
 different colours, with lor/* foft hair, that refembles 
 wool. They are, in all pr >bability, ufcd for the pur- 
 pofe of drawing their (ledifs in winter; for it appears 
 , that they have fledges, as the Captain faw many of them 
 laid up ih one of their winter huts. It is, Ukewife, 
 not improbable, that dogs conftitute a part of their 
 food, for feveral lay dead, which had been kflled that 
 mominjg. The canoes of thefe people are of t^e fame 
 ; kind with thofe of the northern Americans, (bme, both 
 I of the large and fmall fort, being fecn lying iii a Creek„ 
 Ineafihc Ylllfgc. From the larg. bones of fillip and 
 !other fca^imals, it appeared, that the Tea furniOied 
 I them ^rith the fester part bf their fubfiftettce. The 
 country feenied extremely barren, as our gerrtlemen faw 
 . not a tree oi- Ihmb. Atfome difbince towarcls the weft, 
 they obferved a ridge of mountains covered With fnow, 
 that had fallen not long'befbrc. 
 
 Spm* 
 
 .) 
 
 J 
 
 111- 
 
560 
 
 Gtpi. COOK'i y O.Y A G B S C O M P L |£ T E. 
 
 Some of ui M llrft, fuppoTed this hnd to be a ptrt 
 of the ifluid of AUlchka, bid down ip Mr. Stahiin't 
 map belbre mentkmcd i Imk from the appearance of ihc 
 coaft, the fituation of the oppofitc fliorc of America, 
 and from the lonflitude, we loon conjc^ured that it 
 wai, more probably, the country of the Tfchutlki, or 
 the caftern extremity of Alia, explored by Beering in 
 theyear 1738. In admiitina ihii, however, without 
 farther examination, we muR have pronounced Mr. 
 Stashlin'i map, and hii account of the new northern 
 Archipelago, to be either remarkably erroneout, even 
 in latitude, or elfe to be a mere Hdtion i a judgment 
 which wc would not prefume to pafii, upon a puolica. 
 tion (b rcrpcifiably vouched, without prawicing the moft 
 decKive prooft. Our partv having remained with thefc 
 
 Kcopk between two and three houri, they returned on 
 uard I and, foon after, the wind becoming (butherly. 
 wc weishcd anchor, ftood out of the bay, and ftceicd 
 to the N. E. between the coaft and the two idanda. At 
 noon, the next day, Auguft 11, the former extanded 
 from S. 80 acg. W. to N. 84 dcg. W. the latter bore S. 
 40 dcg. W. and the peaked hill, over Cape Prince of 
 Wales, bore S. ^6 dcg. E. The latitude of the (hip 
 wai 66 dcg. ( mm. N. the longitude 191 dcg. 19 min. 
 K. our (bundingt were a8 fttnoma; and our pdition 
 nearly in the middle of the channel, betwc^ tne two 
 coafts,each being at'the diftanceofabout (even league*. 
 From this ftation we (leered to the caftward, in order 
 to make a nearer approach to the American coaft. In 
 this courfc the water sradually (hoalcdi and there being 
 very litttle wind, ana all our endeavours to encreale 
 our depth failing, we were obliged at laft tocaft anchor 
 in fix fathoms I which wu the only remedy remaining, 
 to prevent the (hips drving into more (hallow water. 
 The nearcH part of the weftem land bore W. 1 a leagues 
 diflanti the peaked nwunuin over Cape Prince of 
 Wales, bore S. 16 de|(. W. and the moft northern part 
 of the American continent in %ht, E. S. E. the diftance 
 of the nearell prt being about four leagues. After we 
 had anchored, a boat was difpatched to found, and the 
 water wm found to (hoal gradually towards the land. 
 While our (hips lay at anchor, which wu from 0x to 
 nine in the evening, we perceived little or no current, 
 nor did we oblcrve that the water nk or fell. A nor- 
 therly breeze fpringtn^ up. we weiahed, and made (all 
 to the weftward, which cour(e (oon brought ua iiu<» 
 deep water; and, during the lath, we plied 10 the 
 northward in fight of bothcoafts, but we kept neareft 
 to that of America. On the 13th, at four in the afier- 
 noon,a breeze ariftngat S. we fteered N.E.bv N. till 
 four o'clock dw next inomii^,when, f^iognoland, we 
 direded our courfc E. by N. and baween the houra of 
 nine and ten, land appeared, which we fuppofed *aa a 
 continuation of the continent. It extended from E. by 
 S. to 1^ l^ N. and, not knig afUrwaids^ we jleicried 
 more land, bearing N. by E. Cooiina rather fuddenly 
 into 1 .3 fathonu wa.tcr, at two in the afternoon, we nude 
 a irip'jolf till four, when wc again ftood in for the 
 land I whi<;h. (bon a&ar, we tum^ extendiiig fhm U. to 
 S. £. the neareft pait being at the diftance of, three or 
 four leagues. The coaft here tonf» a jwint, named by 
 us.Poinc^lgtavf, which is6tuated in the Utttude of 
 67 dcg. 4^ mm. N. and in. the longitude of 194 d<g. 
 c t min. £.' The land (cemedto be very fow near ait 
 iea, buta little forther it rifeainto hills, of a modoate 
 Keighi^ the w^iole was free frotn ihow, and appaneqply, 
 4caitii^of wood. We now tacked, and boBt:,a,i 
 ii^'^. by W. buty in a (hort time afterward*, 
 weather, withjvin, coining on, and tlie wiiid ' 
 iygi vijftMifled ipnrp to the weftward. 
 
 ^j]d^ytneictli, at two o'ckKk A. M. the wind 
 veered to,ak Wl by Srand Mew a ftraog; _ 
 t^btafiwrnM^nofiiu WetwmAaodjaum, 
 fU^'^ next mocjiing, when we fteeicd it' 
 ci^eriy : inthia nia, we nwt with (ntm 
 andsKatflumibapaof Jiiidat finneof iriiisk , 
 fand!4pckh mm! otiins Wcm MK iMHr, im 
 fparnws^; W«.al|i>&vibinitllMa, ^tlM we. 
 i^e.wer^ilffirJmMi int,Um§f^i 
 cwM not expcd totteanyt a»li»tii6wiiKl,M^ 
 
 M: 
 
 I** *" ^..^!"^ K <•*" "» cwiMwie • courft 4Wxh 
 m* moft likely to bring u* to it. From the noon of 
 Ibis o»y. to dx o'clock in the morning of the foUow* 
 ing. we fteered E. by N. a courfc which brought u* 
 utio flftecn fathom* water. W: now fteered nTe. by 
 E. thinking, by fuchacourfe. toincrcafeour depth m 
 water. But in the fpact of ftx league*, it ftioaled to 
 1 1 fathoms, which inducad us to haul cfofo to (he 
 wind, that now blew at W. About twelve o'cfock, 
 both fun and moon were clearly fccn at interval*, and 
 we made fome hafty obfeiVMlan* for the longitude 1 
 which, reduced to noon, when the latitude wm 70 dcg. 
 13 min. N. nve 107 deg. 41 min. E. The time. 
 
 Ikcffper, for the (kme time, ga ve 1 9I dcg. In the fbr«? 
 noon, we perceived a brightneri in the northern hori- 
 zon, like that rcfleOed (rem ice, ufually oiilled the 
 blink. Linle notice wa* takeq of it, from a fuppofu 
 tion that it wa* impnbabk we (hould fo (boa m«^ wUh 
 ice. The fliarpnefi of the ait', however, and.^oomi. 
 nef* of the wiMhcr, lor the two or three preceding 
 day*, feemed to indicate fome fudden ciMUige. About 
 an hour afterward** the fight of ib eaormous mafs of 
 ice, leftusnokMgerinahydo(4bt refpc<ling thecaufe 
 of the brightnel* of the horizon. Between two and 
 three o'clock, we tacked clofc to the edge l>f the icq, 
 in 33 fiithom* water, being then in thcLititude of 70 
 dcg, 41 min. north, and unable to ffauid on any farther, 
 for the ice wa* perfcdly impenetrable, and extended 
 from W. by S. to E. by N. a* (aru the c) c could reach. 
 Here we met with great numbers of fea-horfes, fome 
 ot which were in the water, but far more upon the 
 ice. yht Commodore had thoughu of hoifting out 
 the boat* to kill fome of thcfc anmiaisi but, the wind 
 freOiening, he gave up the defign t and vie continued tp 
 ply toward* the foutn, or rather towards the weft, (or 
 the wind came from that quarter. Wc made no pro- 
 
 Srefsi for, at twelve on the 18th. our Utttude was 70 
 eg. 44 min. north, and we were idmoft five leagues far« 
 ther tp the caft. We were, at prefent, clofe to the edge 
 of the ice. which wa* as coropaiS as a wall, and appearac 
 tobtatleafttenortwelve feet in height: but, b'rther 
 northward, it feemed tO'bc much higner. Its (iufoce 
 was exceedingly rugged, and, in feveral places, we law 
 pool* of water upon. it. We now ftood to the fouth* 
 andi,after running (}x league foaled th« water to fe^ 
 van ^hqiia*! but it boa iacradedfntiiedeptJ^,of hiiif^ 
 fathooM. At tki* time,, tl^ weatfacf^ which hfid beoi 
 hazy, beeomiiHt clearer, .we <itw hnd if^nefidiag ^Erm 
 S. toSL E. by £. tt the dil^nce N three or four tnile*. 
 The nftem extrm^ity fornta^a point, wnich wu gready 
 H encumbered with ice, on which account it wa* diftin-. 
 y guiOted by the namf of Icy Cape. ,|t% buituk is 79 
 I duE. 39inin. north, and if* kmgitu^ '9i<%' ^ ■W'^*^ 
 ■ eaft. The other extreme ef the land «iaa Toft intbo 
 I horizdni and we had H9 ^wbt of itsbftWACOotinu- 
 tiodof uw continent of America. "The Dlrcoverv be- 
 ing about a mile aftcm. and to leewan), tpft with Ma 
 ciepth of water than we 4idi and tackinft, on that ac*i 
 CQunb ^ Commodoie wu oblkK4 jtqrtacfi iilfo^ ^ p«-. 
 vent JeniratMn. ,OurjM«Knt utmt)oni#a*veiy tdU^ 
 tica|. W were upon a lee4hoie m (M w^^er^ aiid 
 the roajin body of the ice.Jto winto^, W aV^'flfif 
 down upon u*. It wu evKJknt, that if wJ| continued 
 much longer between it and the Ifn^^ would forcc.i^ 
 aftwie, Mnl4 ^ <Md c^^^c^to takf the grwnd bftf. 
 Imeu*. 1tBppeindaImoftto|ointheJiMidM^««J*W<lr 
 
 MW^C^MCookiiiiadpaifirMl 
 tadb, and Maibip tacbod at the fame 
 proved in fonte meafiwe fitvoiuabli^ 
 
 Mr 
 
 thewiitd 
 tlM wrtaywpi 
 
 _. at eighfc ip t^ jnofiUiWi th«) 
 we tac|Ml«9 dir i|Qvdii«nl}|nd> 
 
 wu TqiMB, 6^ <!f?i|!* M*vtiJ"<4 ^ 
 , 49 mio. caft jfCm^iiimBOryn 
 
 .^ ,.„■„ c^oanri^ of drilk ice aboucoNr fhiM 
 
 md tbc n>in ^ «*• at'O'K t*^ klBue* «p «« f^y* 
 Batweanone anritwot we got in with die eM;/i|>^ Jt 
 w9l^te& CKH^tlm Uw ihkh we had *«»»« ^I 
 
w 
 
 
 .of te b 
 ed to- 
 ward* 
 
 i 
 
'll 
 
 |!l| 
 
 B.f 
 
 ,1 
 
 [1 
 
 i 
 
 III 
 
 6* T. 
 
COOK'« THIRD ind LAST VOYACB— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. «ec. 5A1 
 
 wardt the north 1 but it wai too cloTc, and in too large 
 pieces to attempt rorciiw the (hip> throuuh it. We (aw 
 an amating number orrca^horlci 01. the ice, and a> 
 we were in waM of frcih provifiona, the boaii from 
 each fliip were diTpatchcd to procure foinc o( them. 
 By fevca iA the evening, we had received, on board the 
 Rciiiiuciaa, nine eif thcwanimaUi which, till thii time, 
 ire had fbpfMfedto be Tea-cow* 1 k that we were greatly 
 dtiappoinied. particularly lomc of the failor*. who, on 
 ■ccouiK td trie novelty of the thing, had been fealiing 
 Ihcir eyca (br Tome days part. Nor would they now 
 iiave Mtn difappointed, nor have known the diflrer> 
 ence, If there had not been .vo or three men on board, 
 who had been in Greenland, and declared what ani- 
 hiali thcle were, and that no perfon ever eat of them. 
 NocwithHanding this, we made them fcrve u* for pro- 
 vifions, and there were few of our people who did not 
 
 E refer them to our lalt meat. The lat of thcfc animals 
 , at fird, u fwcet u marrow | but. in a few days, it be- 
 comes rancid, unlels It is ftltcdi in which ftau it will 
 keep much longer. The leanflelb iscoarTe andblackini. 
 •Ml has a ftrong laftei but the heart is almffR n well 
 tafted u that of a bullock. The fat, when melted, 
 ■llbrds a good quantitv of oil, which bums very well 
 infaunpsi and their hides, which are of great thick- 
 nefs, were extremely nfeful about our rigging;. The 
 teeth, or tufks, of inoft of them were, at this time, of 
 • very fmall fixei even (bmc of the larged and oldcft of 
 thefe animals, had them not exceeding half a foot in 
 len^h. Hence we concluded, that thcjr Itad lately flicd 
 theic old iccth. The^ lie upon the ice in herds of 
 many hundreds, huddling like Twine, one over i'c other t 
 and they roar very loud ; To that in the nighr. r wht • 
 thi weather was foggy, they gave us notice of ti e vici 
 nity of the ice, before we could difccrn it. We never 
 found the whole herd fleepino. Tome of them being con ■■ 
 llanrty upon the watch. TneTe, on the apprmch of 
 the txNU would awake thoTe diat were next to ihem 1 
 iind the alarm being thus gradually cotnmunicated, the 
 whole herd would prcTently be awfke. However.<hcy 
 were (eldom in a nurrv to get away, before they had 
 peea once fired at. Then tSty would fall into the fia, 
 Mie over the other in the utmoQ confulioni and, if we 
 did not happen, at the (irft difcharge, to kill thofe wc 
 fired at, we generally loft them, though mortally 
 grounded. They did not appear t0;us to br £> dapgft' 
 pus as Tome authors have repnefenltd them. Hot even 
 when they were atuckcd. They are, indeed, more To^ 
 }a appearance, than in reality. Vaft multitudes of 
 them would follow, and come doTe up to the boau; 
 ^t the Ha(h of a mufket in Uic pan, or even the riicre 
 pointing of one at them, would fend them down in a |j{ 
 inomem. The female will defend her young one to 
 the very laft, and at the cxpence of her own life, wbe- 
 U)cr upon the ice or in the water. Nor will the young 
 /anirtiuit the dam. though flVe (hould have been killedi 
 io that, if you deftroy one, you arc fure of the other. 
 The dxm, when in the water, holds her young one be- 
 tween her fore iins. Mr. Pennant, ir'^-in Synoplis of 
 KJtuadrupcds, has given a very good t*"* ■ >on of this 
 ^inial under the naiiieof the Ai^c V>ju us. Why it 
 fhoiild be called a fca-horfe, is difficult to determine, 
 unkfs the word be a corruption of the Ruflian name 
 Morfci for they do not in the f.. Jl refemble a horfe. 
 'It is, douhthCt, the fiime anir- li that is found in the 
 (Julph of St. Lawrence %r t iliere called a fea.cow. 
 It is cetuinly more like a cow than a horfe 1 but this re- 
 icmblancc confifts in nothing but the fitout. In (boit, 
 jltis ananim&'iux unlikea feal, but incomparably \arger. 
 The length of one of thnu. Which was none of the 
 largefl, was nine feet fflxir IqcScs from the fnbut to the 
 taili the circumference of its body at the dibuldcr, was 
 (even feet tci) inches 1 its circumfimnce.near the hinder 
 fins was five feet fix inches, andfhe weight of the car- 
 cafe. without die hcM). (kin, or entpuU. was eight hun- 
 dred and fifty-four pounds. t]he head weighed forty- 
 one pounds and a half, andtheikin two hundred and 
 liv« pounds. It may not be improper to remarii. <hat, 
 for feme days before this time. we>ul often feen flocks 
 of ducks flymg to the Ibuth. T|i^ were of two fpe- 
 
 ciea, the one tiwch larger than the other. The larscr 
 Tort was of a brown colour 1 and of t.Sc TnvH Tnrt, either 
 the duck Or drake was black ^nd whue, and (he nthrr 
 brown. Some oT our pco|)le bid that they alTo f*w 
 geeTe. This Teems to indic.ite, that there murt be laml 
 (othc northward, where thcd* birji, in the proper Tea* 
 Ton, find fhelKr for breeding, and whence they were now 
 on their return to a warmer climate. 
 
 Afkcr we had got our fea-horfci on honrd, wc wrrr, 
 in a manner, Turrouii>-led with the ire 1 and had no 
 meins of clear<<ig it, but by (leering to the fnuthuani, 
 which we did til! ihree o'clock the next mornin(;, with 
 a light wedcrly breeie, and, in general, thick, fog|;y 
 weather. Our Toundinas were Trom 11 to 15 fathoms. 
 We thcp, tacked and Sood to the northward till ten 
 o'clock, when the wind (hifting to the N. w ftood to the 
 W.S.W.andW. Attwoin the afternoon, we fell in with 
 the main ice, and kept along the edge of it, being 
 pardy dircAed by the roaringof the Tea-horfei, for we 
 nadan exceeding thick fog. ihui we continued Tailing 
 till near midnight, when we got in among the looie 
 pieces <^ ice. The wind being eagerly, and the fog 
 very thick, we now hauled to the Touthward s and, at 
 ten the next momina, the weather clearing up, we (aw 
 the American comment, extending from S. by E. to 
 E. by S. and, at noon, from S. W. hall S. to E. the dif- 
 'ance of the nearcft part being five leagues. We were 
 at prefent in the latitude of 69 deg. 31 min. N. and in 
 the longitude of 195 deg. 48 min. E. and. as the main 
 ice was not far from us, it is evident, that it now co- 
 veted a p; it of the Tea; which, a few days beTore, had 
 been free " jm itt and thu it extended farther towards 
 the S. tbt I where wefirfi fell in with it. During the 
 afic' loon we had but little wind; and the matter was 
 Tin', in a boat toobTervc whether there was any currenr, 
 bu' tie found none. We continued to fieer for the 
 Aiaerican land till ei;ht o'clock, in order to obtain a 
 arer view ~ it.an<i Tearch Tor a harbour; but Tee- 
 ing DOthin}. ' iur. had kiie appearance of one, wc again 
 ftood to rV •, with a gentle wefterly breeze. At this 
 time, tk ..cift extended from S. W. to E. the neareft 
 oar bcingat the difta e of four or five leagues. The 
 t'^ hern extreme fee ... .0 form a point, to which the 
 nai '*of Cape Lilbunie was given. It is fituate in the 
 btitudeof 69 deg. 5 min. NTar,] in the longitude of 
 >94d^.4a mi.i.E. and appear' ' '< ' - toleraoly high 
 land, even down to the (eat buttlx eniay below land 
 I'nder it, which wemightnoc then Tee, txing not IcTs than 
 tei leagues diftant firom it. In almoft every other parr, 
 u we advanced to the north, we had found a low coaft, 
 from which the land riTes to a moderate height. The 
 coaft now before us wu free from Tnow. except in one 
 or two places, and had a greenifti hue. But we could 
 notdifcern any wood upon it. 
 
 Saturday the aad, the wind was Toutherly, and the 
 weather for the moft part fflggy, with Tome intervals of 
 funfbine. At eight m thie evening, we had a calm, 
 which continued till midnisht, when we heard the Turge 
 of the fca dafliingagainft the ice, and had many looTe 
 pieces about us. A light piece now aroTe at N . E and 
 the fog being very thick, we fteercd to the S. to get 
 clear oTrJie ice. At eight the next morning; the log 
 difperTed. and we hauled towards the W. for the Com- 
 modore finding we could not ^et to the N. near the 
 coaft. by reaTon of the ice, rcToIved to try what could 
 be done at a diftance from it; and as the wind Teeme4 
 to be fixed at N. he confidercd it as a favourable (i)>por- 
 tunity. In our progreTs to (he weftward. the wat^ gra- 
 dually deepened to a8 fathoms. With the northerly 
 wind the air was (harp and cold ; and we had fbgs, Tun- 
 ihinie, (bowers oT (how and fleet alternately. On the 
 36ch. at ten in the momii«g, we fell in with the ice. 
 At twelve^ it extended froin N. W. to E. bf N. and 
 Teemed to be thick and compa<fl. We were now, by 
 oblervation, in the latitude of S9 deg, 36 min. N. and in 
 the longitude of. 184 des. E. um) it appdved that wc 
 had no better profped of getting to .** ^■''. here, than 
 nearer die (bote. We continued Ret ra the W; 
 tiUl^ve in the afixmoon, when we wert, ;i Tonne de- 
 gitcvcBi'iiaycdbjrtheicc. which was verycloTe in the 
 7C N.W, 
 
 
 ,'l 
 
 ) I 
 
 ' 
 
B 
 
 J6a 
 
 C«pt. C.O 6 k's VOYAGES C O M P L.E T E. 
 
 iri*> 
 
 lit 
 
 ll 
 
 
 hr 
 
 ii 
 
 N. ;W. and N. E. quanen. With > great quantity of 
 loofe ice about the edge of the main body. At thii 
 time, we had baffling light ain. but the wind foon 
 fettled at S. and increaled to a frefli gale.accDmpa. 
 nied with fliowenof rain. We got the tack aboard, 
 and ftretched to the E. uthia wu the only dircAion in 
 which the fca was free from ice. 
 
 Thurfday the 37th. at fouro'dbck* A. M. we tacked 
 «nd ftood to the weftward, and at feven o'clock in the 
 eveninff, we wereclofe in with the edge of the ice, 
 which lay E. N. E and W. S. W. at Tar in each of 
 thofe direiftioni a* the eye could reach. There being 
 but little wind. Captain Cook went with the boats, to 
 examine the ftate of the ice. He found it confiding of 
 loofr pieces, of various extent, and fo clofe together, 
 that he could (carccly enter the outer edge with a boat; 
 and it was as impraiflicable for the (hips to enter it, as 
 if it hud been fo many rocks. He particularly re- 
 marked, that it was all pure tranfparent ice, except the 
 lipper furface, which was rather porous. It (eemed to 
 be wholly compofcd of frozen fnow, and to have been 
 all formed at lea. For, not to infift on the improba. 
 bility of fuch prodigious maflcs floating out of rivers, 
 noneoftheprodudlionsof the land were found incor- 
 
 K rated, or mixed with it ( which would certainly have 
 :n the cafe, if it had been formed in riven, either 
 great or fmall. The pieces of ice that formed the outer 
 edge of the main body, were from forty to fiilv yards in 
 extent, to four or five; and the Captain judged, that 
 the laigcr pieces reached thirty feet or more, under the 
 furface of the water. He alfo thought it highly im> 
 {irobablc. that this ice could have been the produc> 
 tion of the preceding winter aloiie. He was rather in- 
 clined tofuppofc ittonavebeen the produdlion of many 
 winters. It was equally improbable, in hisopi(iion,that 
 the little that i>ow remained of the fummer. could de- 
 ftroy even the tei:.h part of what now Aibfifted of this 
 great mafs; for the lun had already exerted upon it the 
 full force and influence of his rays. The fun, indeed, 
 according to his judgment, contributes very little to> 
 wards reducing the'e enormous nufles. For though 
 that luminary is above the horizon a conflderable 
 while, it fcldom ihines out for more than a few hours 
 at a time, and frequently is not feen for fevcral fuccef- 
 five days. It is the wind, or rather the waves raifed 
 by the wind, that brings down the bulk of thcfe pre. 
 digious maflcs, by grinding one piece againft another, 
 ikni by undermining and walning away thofe parts which 
 arc expofcd to the fuige of the fea. This wa* mani- 
 fefl, from the Captainl obferving, that the upper fur- 
 ^ce of many pieces had been partly waflied away, 
 while the bafe.or under part, contmued firm forfeveral 
 fiithomk round that which appeared p.bove water, like 
 a ftioal round a high rock. He' meafured the death 
 •f water upon one, and found that it was 1 5 feet, fo tnat 
 the (hips might have failed over it. If he had 'not mea- 
 fuml tnis depth, he would have been unwilling to be- 
 lieve, that there was a fuflicfent weight of ice above the 
 furfkce, to have funk the ocber fo much below it. It 
 may thus happen, that more ice is deflroyed in One tem» 
 pelnious fcafan, than is formed in fcveral winters, and 
 an endteft accumulation of it is prevented. But th^t 
 ' ^herc is ronflantlyi remaining (tore, will be acknow- 
 ledged- -by every 3ne who hai Men upon the (pot. A 
 thick (bg, which c.tme oh while the Commoaore was 
 thus employed with the hofxt, haftened him aboard 
 fooner ttun he could have wi(hed, witli one fea-horfe to 
 each (hip. Our party had killed many, butcouM not 
 wait to bring them oif. The number of ritefe animals, 
 on all the Ice that we had feen, is really afloniihing. 
 We faent the night (landing off and on, among the 
 drift ice, and at nine o'ckKk the next momii^(. the 
 liw having in fome degree di(|icrfed, ^tt from each 
 of the Oiips were difpatchcd for fta-horfesj for o«r 
 people by this time b^ti to relifli thdti, anditwIif'We 
 fiad before fumiihcd ourfelres With, Wer* aH ttofUbmed. 
 At noon; our latitude was ^9 deg. ^7 mln. ft. d^tMiti' 
 tude iSj dcg. S. ttti our c'eptli of wtM^^ w« 75 %>. 
 thorns. AttwoindtfeafifrtkMn.tMV^ gbrbii Mml 
 as nuny fei^.4iol-rMts1(icr^deelhedlW!ldt^i^ 
 
 
 wind ffe(hcninRat S. S. E. wehoifted in the boats, and 
 Iwered to the & W. ftit being unable to weather the 
 ice upon this tack, or to go through it^ we made a 
 board to the eaflward, till about eight oVlock, then rb- 
 (Umed our ceurfe to the S. W. and weit dbligcd befoi>? 
 miani|riit to tack again, on account of the Ice. Not 
 lon^ after, the wind veering to the N. W. and MowIik 
 a RilfBale, we (tretched to the S. W. doft hauled. ^ 
 Friday the ajth, in the morninfr, we faw the mairt 
 ice towards the N. and fom after, perceived land bear- 
 ing S. W. by W. Ina ihorr time after this, more land 
 wu feen, bearing W. It flieSi-ed itfclf In two hills, re- 
 fembling iflands, but foon the w'de appeared con. 
 nedted. As wc made a nearer approach^to the land, 
 the depth of water decreafcfd very ftft, fo that, at tw el ve 
 o'clock, when we ticked, we (bund only eight fiithomSt 
 being three miles from the coa(», which extended from 
 S. 30 dctt. E. to N. 60 deg. W. the latter extremity 
 temunating ma Uu(rpoint.l)eingoneof thehAUmeil-^ 
 tioned before. Thef weather was now very haw, with 
 drizzling raint but, foon afterwards, it cleared up, pat^ 
 ticularly to the fouthward; we(h«rard, and northward; 
 This enabled us to have a tolerable view of the Coalt'; 
 which refembles, in every reiixA, the oppofite coaft <^ 
 America I that is, fow land next the fea, with higher 
 land fanher back. It was tonilly delfitote of vwA 
 and even of fnowt but was, prObMUy,'covcred with i 
 mofly fuMhince, that gave it «broWni(b hue. In the 
 tow mtofind that lay between the fea and the high hxof, 
 was i lake, extending to the fouth eaftward farther than 
 we could fee. At we ftood ofl; the moft weftcrly of 
 the two hills above-mentioned, came open olT the bluff 
 point, in a M. W. diredim. It had the appcannde df 
 an ifland, but it might perhaps be connedled' With the 
 other by low land, though we did not fee it. ' And if 
 that be the cafe, there is a two-fold point, with a bay be- 
 tween them. This point, which is rocky and flcep, re*- 
 ceivedthe name of Cape North. It is fitnatcd nearly 
 intkeUtitnde of 6$ d^. (6 niin. N. and inthelongk. 
 tude of I So deg. jr mih. E. Tfie cMff beyoihd it 
 doubtlefs kilbftiet a very Wefterly diredion; (or we 
 could di(cem no land to the northward of it. though 
 the horizon was th6re pwtty eloir. WifliingtO lee 
 more of the coaft to the weftward, we tacked again, at 
 two in the afternoon, thinking we (hould be able to wea. 
 thcr Cape North) but finding we could not. the wind 
 firclhening^ t thick foe arifing, with much (how, and 
 beimt apprehenflve of the ice coming down upoii uL 
 the Goimnodorc rdinquifhed thedefi^ he had roemed 
 of plyiiw to die wefhrard, and again ftood olF tttore. 
 The leafon'wat now fo for advanced, and the time when 
 the froft mnerally fets in was fo near, that Captain Cbok 
 did net think it conflftent with prudence, to make anf 
 htther attempts 10 difcover a paflage into the Attfentic 
 Ocean this year, in any diredion,(o fmall waa die pre. 
 bability of fucceft. His attention was how direded to 
 the fearch of fome place, where we might recruit our 
 wood and water; andtheobieft that pnncipal^ occu- 
 pied his thoughtt wu, how he (hould pafs the «;intcr. 
 lb u to make (bme improvements in navigatilMi and 
 gKlgttphy.md, at the bmetiiik,be in a cwidition to 
 return to the northward the en(bing fummer, to pro(e> 
 cute his feaith of a pafliue into the Atlantic. Hiv> 
 infg ftood off till ourfbundiiigs were eighteen fathomf. 
 We tnade fkil to the caftwanC atong the coaft; which, 
 we were nowpiwtty wtH convinced could only be the 
 continent of Afla. Tlie Wind blowiiig frefb, and thetc 
 beinft^at thcfametime, a Ihick mift, and a very heavy 
 fUl m fiMW, it waa Nquifite that we (hould .p<ocero 
 with pankohir caMion: we therefore brought to, for^ 
 fiew houn, iik i^ie inMit. Early the next momiiu^ the 
 30th, we fleered fucn a courffc u we jud^ ihoft ukcljr 
 to bring us in with the hnd, being gkiioed, in a givat 
 nieafoit, by die Uindt fbr the wemter Wak extttmenr 
 tMeH and gloennr. With inceQmc flwwendf fnow.; At 
 teh e^clock we'o'jtafaKda fight df the coaft. Whidif wat 
 atthe iHftance-of (bur milei,.bea7iiig il. W. SicMi af- 
 tierwai^ our depth of watcrJia«iiig3ecrea(i$iii to fevea 
 fttboina, we hauled olF. K' Tcnr lew Mint now bore 
 S.S.Wi4ilfauNtirarorthR«-niilcti t»ne eaftwarci of 
 
 which 
 
 \ 
 
he boats, and 
 9 weather th<! 
 we made a 
 lock, then He- 
 bliged befoitS 
 he ice. Not 
 and Uowliie 
 ! haufcd. ^ 
 aw tile mairt 
 :A land bear- ' 
 is, more land 
 two hiib, R- 
 ipeared con. 
 to the land. 
 Jlat, at twelve 
 ightfathomit 
 rtend(d from 
 ter extremity 
 thehillimeit-^ 
 ry hazy, with 
 ■ared up, par^ 
 d northward: 
 of the toaft • 
 Mfite coaft Of 
 with highrr 
 btc of W(X»& 
 ivcred with i 
 hue. In tte 
 he high lana» 
 1 fartncr than 
 ft weftcrly of 
 I oflP the bluif 
 appearance df 
 acd'#ith the 
 :c it. ' And if 
 with a bay bfe- 
 and ftcep, rc>> 
 Rtnatcd nearly 
 
 I inthel9ngi. 
 iff beyq^ it 
 ftiont; fiw we 
 of it, thduell 
 Vifliing tb lee 
 rkcd again, at 
 leabletpwea. 
 
 not, the wind 
 ch fnow, and 
 own uMih UL 
 lie had rormed 
 ood ofF fttore^ 
 the time when 
 Captain Cook 
 , to mate iiif 
 othe Athntic 
 
 II was the ^m- 
 ow diicAed to 
 l^t recruit our 
 inciptlly occuo 
 ifs thew;inter. 
 lavigatiOn and 
 a condition to 
 mer, to prole, 
 lantic. Hav. 
 Ineen fathoim, 
 
 coaft, whichi 
 i only be the 
 reflt, and diete 
 d a very hctvy 
 hbuld proceed 
 6u|^t to, for |i 
 :t momiiUL the 
 KcditioftUliclir 
 fedf in a grett 
 wit ^ttnielir 
 tsdffnow.: ^t 
 Mift.Whidr was 
 .W. &»n«T- 
 r«a<^ to feveo 
 joint now |)Ore 
 be eaftward of 
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COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYA^.E— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 
 
 563 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 which there fecmed to be a narrow channel, that led 
 into feme water which we faw over the jjoint. It is 
 not improbable, that the lake aliove'mcncioned com- 
 municate* here with the Tea. At noon, the miO dif- 
 pcrling, we had a view of the coaft, which extended 
 from S. E. to N. W. by W, Some parts of it were 
 apparently higher than others ; but the greateft part of 
 it was rather low, with high land farther up the coun- 
 try. It was almoll entirely covered with mow, which 
 had fallen very lately. We ranged along the. coafl, at 
 the diftance of about two leagues, till ten o'clock in 
 the evening, when we hauled oflfj but rcfunicd our 
 courfe early on the following morning, when we had 
 another view of the coaft, extcmiing from W. to S. E. 
 by S. At eight o'clock the eallern part Iwre S. and 
 was found to nc an iOand, which at twelve was four or 
 five miles diftant, bearing S. W. half S. It is of a 
 moderate height, between four and five miles in cir- 
 cumference, with a deep rocky coaO. It is fituatc in 
 the lit. of 67 deg. 45 min. ' N. about three leagues 
 from the continent; and is di^^inguiibed in the chait 
 by the appellation of Burney's Kland. The inland 
 country about this part abdunds with hills, fome of 
 which arc of conlidcrable elevation. The land in ge- 
 neral was covered with fnow, except a few fpots on the 
 coaft, which ftill continued to' lie low, but fomcwhat 
 lefs fo than farther toward* tht W. During the two 
 preceding days, the mean height of the mercury in the 
 thermometer had been frequently below the freezing 
 point, and in general, very little a'wve it ; infomuch 
 that the water in the veflels upon deck, was often co- 
 vered with a (hcct of ice. Wecontinued to fteer S. S. E. 
 almofl in the dire<!Hon of* the coart, till five o'clock 
 in the afternoon, when we faw lard bearing S. 50 
 deg. li. which proveo to be a continuation of the 
 coart. We haiuled up for it without delay j and at ten 
 ill the evening, being a-bread of the eaftcrn land, 
 and doubtful of weathering h.' we tacked, and made 
 a board towards the W. till after one o'clock the next 
 morning. 
 
 Tucfday, the i ft orSeptember, we again made fail to 
 the E. The winrf was ftow veiy unfettled^ continually 
 var>ing from N. to N. ,L. Between eight and nine, the 
 eaftem extremity of the land was at the diflance of fix 
 or fevcn miles, bearing S. by K. A head-lanil appeared 
 at the fame time, bearing Kr by S. half S, and not long 
 after, wc eo'ikl difcern tht wh6le cosft that Ittv be- 
 tween them, and a little ifland at fome diftance from 
 it. i'hc coart now in fight feemed to form fcveral 
 rocky points, that were c«)nnedlcd by a IbW ftiore, 
 without anv appearance of an harbour. At a diftance 
 from the fea, many hills prclented themfelves to our 
 view, the higheft of which were involved in (howj in 
 other rcfpefts. the whole country had a naked afjiccl. 
 At fevcn o'clock in the evening, two points of tend 
 beyond the eaftem head, opened off it in thcdircdion 
 of .S. -^7 deg. E. Captain Cook was now convinced 
 of what he had before imagined, that this was the 
 country of the' Tfchutfki, or the nonh-eattcrn coaft of 
 Alia ; and that Bcering had proceeded thus far in the 
 year 17:8; that is, to this head, which, according to 
 Muller, is denominated Serdze Kamen, on account of 
 a raclc upon it, that is of the (igurc of a heart. There 
 are indeed many high rocks on this cape, fome one or 
 other of which may [Krhaps be ftiaped like a heart. It isa 
 promontory of tolerable height, with a fteep rocky cliH" 
 fronting the fea. Its fat. is 67 deg. 3 min. N. ahd 
 its long. 1 88 deg, i j min. E. To the K. of it the 
 <;oaft is Hcvated and cold ; but to the W. it is low, and 
 extends N. W. by W. and N. N. W. and it is nearly 
 of the fame diredion all the way to Cape North. 
 The depth of water is every where tht fartie at an 
 equal diftance from the ftiorc; and this is likewifc 
 the cafe on the oppofite coart of America. The 
 greatcft dqith we mer wil<^, «« Mt raneed along it. 
 was 33 fiithoms. Duting the night, or m tliick foggy 
 weather, the fpundrn« itc ho badgmde to thofe who 
 faa, along either of ihefc coafts. On the ad, at eight 
 .^it^e-tnornmg, the moft advanced land to the fouth- 
 PlJtWard, bore S, a^ deg. E. and, from thu particuhirj 
 
 point of view, had an iiifuhir appearance, iiiit th« 
 thick ftiowcrs of fnow that fell in quick fuccelTionf 
 and fettled on the land, concealed from our liglu ai 
 this time a great part of the coaft. In a ftioit tiino 
 after, the fun, which wc had not fecn for near five 
 days, broke out during the intervals between the ftiow- 
 crs, by which means the coaft was in fome degred 
 freed from the fog, (o that wc obtained a fijLiht of it« 
 and found that the whole was conncded. Ihc wind 
 was ftill northerly, the air was cold, and the mercury 
 in the thermometer did not rife above 35 deg. and 
 was fomctimcs not higher than jo deg. At 1 2 o'clock 
 our lat. was 66 deg. 37 min. N. Cape Scidze Kanu-it 
 was la or 13 teajjues diftant, bearing N./<;2 deg. VV. 
 the nioft foutheily fxiint of land that we had in our 
 light; bore S. 41 deg. IL our foundings ucre ai la.* 
 thorns ; and the diftance of the ncareft part of the llioro 
 was al«)ut two leagues. The weather was now fai' 
 and bright ; and us we \t ere rani;lng along the coaft, 
 we faw feveral of the natives and foine of their dwel- 
 ling-places, which had the appearance of hillocks of 
 earth. In the courfe of the evening we pafted the 
 Eartern Cape, or the point before-iiieniioncd; from 
 which the coaft tren.ls lu the fmth-ucftward. This is 
 the fame point uf laiiil that we had palled on the i ith 
 of the precediii}.; month. Thofe who gave credit to 
 Mr. StvL'hlin's map, then fuppolbd it to be the callcrii 
 
 I point of his ifland .\laft hkaj but we were by this time 
 convinced, that it is no other than the eaftcsni pro- 
 montory (it Alia; and perhaps it is the upjier Tfchukot- 
 Ikoi Nofs, though the promontory which received that 
 n.tmc from Beeriiig, i;> lituatcd further towards t^e S. 
 VV, Muller, in his map ot the difcoveries of the Ruf- 
 fians, places, the Tfchukotfkoi Nofs nearly in the lat. 
 of 75 deg, N. and extends it fomewhat to the caftward 
 of this cape. But Captain Cook was of opinion, that 
 he had nogooil authority tor fo doing. Indeed his own, or 
 rather Demneft's, account of the diftance between the 
 river Anadir and the Nofs, cannot well be reconciled 
 with fo northerly a pofition. For he fay.s, that with 
 the moft favourable wind, a perfon may go by fea 
 from the NoHi to the river Anadir in three whole days, 
 and that the journey by land is very little longer. But 
 Captain Cook, having hopes of vifiting thefc parts a- 
 gain, deferred the difcuftion of this point to another 
 opportunity. In the mean tinui, however, he con- 
 cluded, as Becring had done before him, that this was 
 the eafternmoft point of all Alia. U >^ ^ pcninfula of 
 confidcrable elevation, joined to the continent by a 
 very low and apparently n.irrow ifthmus. It has next 
 the fea, a fteep rocky clifl, and off the verj point are 
 feveral rocks refembling fpires. It ftand.s in the long. 
 of 1 90 deg. 22 min. E. and in the lat. of 66 deg. 6 min. 
 N. and is 13 leagues diftant, in the direction uf N. 53 
 deg. VV. from Cape Prince of Wales, on the coaft of 
 .\iuerica. The land about this promontory confifts of 
 valleys dnd hilU. The former terminate at the fea 
 in low ftiores, and the latter in fteep rocky points. 
 The hills appeared like naked rocks 1 but the valleys, 
 though dcrtitutc of tree or (brub, were of a grecnifti hue. 
 Havinc; paffed the Cape, wc ftecrcd S. VV. half W. 
 towards tnc northern point of St. Lawrence's Bay, in 
 whicii our fliips had anchored on the loth of Augulh 
 We Kfiched it by eight o'clocit the following moining, 
 and faw fome of the natives at the place where v e had 
 before feen them, as well a* others on the oppoftte fide 
 of the bay. Not one of them, however, came off to 
 xa, which was rather rrmarkablci as the weather was 
 fufticicntly favourable, and as thofe whom wc had lately 
 vilitcd had no rcafon to be'difpleafcd with us. Thcfe 
 people are certainly the Tfchutlki, whom the Rulfiaiis 
 had not hitherto fubducds though it is nunifcft; that they 
 muft carry on a traffic with the latter, either diredlly, 
 or by the interpofttion of , fome naighbquring naiionj 
 as their being ii> pofleftionL <ff the fpontoons we faw 
 among them, cannot otherwifc be acv'ountcd for. The 
 Bay M St. Lawrence is, at the entrance, at Icafl: five 
 leagues in breadth^ and about four leagues deep, grow- 
 ing narrower (towards the bottom, where it feemed to 
 be pretty wdl IbcUcrsJ from the (ca winds, provided 
 
 there 
 
 ''li 
 
 J- 
 
 i 1" 
 
 ' ( 
 
 r!:,'h| 
 
 ri: III 
 
564 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ft 
 
 
 W : 
 
 
 ;t;'! 
 
 in' ^' 
 
 there h a ccrmneteift depth of water for fliips. The 
 Commodore did not wait to examine it, though he was 
 extremely deflrous of finding a convenient harbour in 
 thofe parii, to which he might rcfort in the fucceed- 
 ing (bring. But he wilhed to meet with one where 
 wood might be obtained, and he icncw thv noi^-! could 
 be found here. From the fouthern point of t.na bay, 
 which ii fituated in the lat. of 65 dcg. jo n^in N. the 
 coaft trends W. by S. for the fpace of about nine 
 leagues, and tl]pre fecms to form a deep bay or river ; 
 or elfe the land in that part is fo low that wc couiu 
 not difcern it. In the afternoon, about one o'clock, 
 #e faw what waa firfl fuppofed to be a rock, but it 
 was found to be a dead whale, which fonic Afiatici 
 had killed, and were then towing afliore. They feemed 
 to endeavour to conceal thcmfclvcs behind the filh, in 
 order to avoid being feen by us. This, however, was 
 unneceflary, for we proceeded on our courfe without 
 taking notice of them. On the 4th, at break of day, 
 we hauled to the north-weftward, for the purpofc of 
 
 Eining a nearer view of the inlet fccn the day before j 
 I the wind, not long after, veering to that dircdtion, 
 the delign was abandoned t and (leering towards the 
 S. along the coaft, we palTcd two bays, each about (Ix 
 milct deep. The moA northerly one is fituatc before 
 a hill, which it rounder than any other we had obferved 
 upon the coaft. There is an ifland lying before the 
 other bay. It is a matter of doubt whether there is a 
 fufiicient depth of water for Oiips in cither of thefc 
 bays, at when we edged in for the (hore, we con> 
 Itantly met with (hoal water. This part of the coun- 
 try is extremely naked and h'lly. In fevcral places on 
 the lower grounds, next the fea, were the habitations 
 of the natives, near all of which were ercdled ftagcs 
 of bones, like thofe before-mentioned. This dav, at 
 noon, our lat. wu 64 dec. 38 min. N. and pur long. 
 188 deg. 15 min. E. the neareft part of the (hore 
 was at the diftance of three or four leagues; and 
 the mod fouthern point of the continent in light, bore 
 S. 48 dcg. W. By this time the wind hiui veered 
 to the N. and Mew a light breeze; the weather was 
 clear, and the air (harp. The Commodore did not 
 think proper to follow the dire(flion of the coaft, as 
 he perceived that it inclined wellward towards the 
 gulph of Anadir, into which he had no motive 
 for going. He therefore fteered a ibuthcrly courfe, 
 that he might have a flght of the ifle of St. Lawrence, 
 which had been difcovered by Beering. This ifland 
 was qiiickly feen by us, and at eight in the evening it 
 hure S. ao deg. E. fuppofed to be at the diilance of 1 1 
 iragucs. The m(^ foutherly point of the main land 
 was at that time 1 2 leagues diftant, bearing S. 8j 
 deg. W. Capuin Cook conjectured, that this was the 
 point which ts called by Beering the cafkrn point of 
 Suchot(ki, or Cape Tfchukotlkoi 1 an appellation which 
 \^e gave it with fome propriety, becaufe the natives, 
 ^^ho .(aid they were ot the nation of the' Tfchut(ki, 
 -rame otf to him from this part of the coaft. Its lat. 
 IS 64 deg. 13 min. N. and its long. 186 deg. 36 min. 
 E. I'hc more the Captain was convinced of his being 
 ut prefent upon the Afutic coall, the more he was at 
 "a lofs to reconcile his obfervations with Mr. Stsehlin's 
 map of the New Northern Archipelago; and he could 
 find no other method of accounting for fo important 
 a diflTerence, than by fuppeling that he had miflaken 
 fome part of what Mr. Stzhlin denominates the ifland 
 nt ^lafchka for the continent of America, and had 
 niiircd the channel b^ which they arc fcprated. Bat 
 even on that fuppofition there wouM-ftill have becrt a 
 ronliderable variation. The Captain confidciicd it m 
 in atibir of fome con(cquence to clear up this point 
 during the prefent feafon, that he might have only 
 YMie oBjcd in view in the following one. And as the(e 
 northerly iflands were faid to abound with wood, he had 
 tome hopes if he (hotftd find them, of procuring a 
 competent fuppljr of that article, of which we ,b^an 
 TO (hnd in great need. With this view he fleered 
 over for the coaH of A nerica; and the next day, about 
 live o'clock in the aft' oon, land was feen bearing S. 
 three quarters E. which wc imagined- watiAiidenon's 
 
 If 
 
 Ifland. or fome other land near it. On Sunday, the. 
 ith, at four in the morning, we had a fight ol the^ 
 American coaft, near Sledge Ifland; and at lix in the 
 evening of the fame day, that ifland was at the diflance 
 of about ten leagues, bearing N. 6 dcg. E. ami the inoft 
 eafterly land in view bore N. 49 deg. K. If any part 
 of what Captain Cook had conjcdtured to be the coaft! 
 of the American continent, could poflibly be the ifland 
 of Alafchka, it was that now in (ight; in which cafe 
 ,10 muft have miflcd the channel between it and the 
 main land, by fleering towards the W. inftead of th« 
 E. after he had (irlt fallen in with it. He was, there*, 
 fore, at no lofs where to go, for the purpolc of clearing 
 up thcfe doubts. On the 7th, at eight o'clock in the 
 evening, wc had made a near approach to the land. 
 Sledge Ifland bore N. 85 deg. W. about eight leaguca 
 diltant; and the caflern part of the coafl bore N. 
 o deg. E. with elevated land in the diredion of £. 
 At this time we perceived a light on (hore, and 
 two canoes with people in them, came ofl^ towards us. 
 We brought to, in order to give thcin time to ap. 
 proach ; but they refifled all our tokens of amity, and 
 kept at the diflance of a quarter of a mile. Wc 
 therefore left them, and proceeded along the coaft. 
 The next morning, at one o'clock, obfcrving thu'. the 
 water flioalcd pretty fafl, wc anchored in ten fathoms, 
 and remained in that fltuation till day-light came on. 
 We then weighed, and purfucd our couiTc along the 
 coafl, which trended E. and E, half S. At levcn 
 o'clock in the evening we were abrcafl of a point, fltiu 
 ated in the long, of 1 97 deg. E. and in the lat. of 64 
 deg. 21 min. N. beyond which the coaft aflumes 4 
 more northerly dire<5lion. At eight this point, which 
 received the appellation of Cape Darby, bore S. 62 deg. 
 W. the mofl northern land we had in view, bore N. 32 
 deg. E. and the diflance of the neareflpart of the Ihore 
 was one league. In this fltuation wc let go our an- 
 chors in thirteen fathoms, over a muddy bottom. 
 
 On Wcdncfday the 9th, at break of day, wc weiKhc^. 
 and made fail along the coafl. Wc now faw land, 
 which we fuppofed to be two iflands; the one bearing 
 E. the other S. 70 deg. E. Not long afterwards, wc 
 found ourfelves near a coafl covered with wood; a 
 plcafing fight, to which we had not been lately accuf- 
 tomed. As we advanced northward, land was fccn in 
 the diredion of N. E. half N. which proved a conti- 
 nuation of the coafl, upon which we now were: wc like- 
 wife perceived high land over the iflands, apparently, 
 at a confiderable diflfinc^ beyond them. This was ima- 
 gined to be the coatinent, and the other land the ifle of 
 Alafchka ; but it wasalrcady a matter of doubt, whether 
 we (hould difcovcr a paflage between them, for the 
 water graduaUy (hoi|lodj as we proceeded further to- 
 wards the N. In confequencc of^ this, two boats were 
 difpatched a-head to (ound ; and the Commodore 
 ordered the Difcovcry, as (he drew the leart water, to 
 lead, keeping nearly in the middle channel, between 
 the coafl and the mofl northerly iflands In this man- 
 ncr we continued our courfe, till three o'clock in the 
 afternoon, when, having palfed the ifland, our found- 
 ings did not exceed three fathoms and a half, and the 
 Kefolution once brought the mud upfrom the bottom. In 
 no part of the channel could a greater depth of water 
 be Lund, though wc had founded it from one fide to 
 the other; we tncrebre deemed it high time to return. 
 
 At this time a head-land on the wcftern flioic, to 
 which the name of Bald-head was .given, was about 
 one league diflant, bearing N. by W. The coaft e«- 
 tended lieyond it as far as N. K. by N. where it ap- 
 peared to terminate in a poin(^; behind wjjich the coaft 
 of the high land that was feen over the iflands fti etched 
 itfelf. The (hore on the weftcrn fide of Bald-head, 
 forms a bay, in the bottom of which is a beach, where 
 wc perceived many huts of the n?itivc». W^ coniiniTcJ 
 to ply b»ck during the whole night, and by ^aj^^.tprcak 
 on the loth had deepened our water lix fatl^ipms. At 
 nine o'clock, when we were about three miljBS from the 
 W, fliorc. Captain Cook, accompanied by Mi;..Kmg, 
 went with two boats in fearch of wood and water., fney 
 landed in that part, where the coaft projcds ii^to/j^ Wj^ff 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 565 
 
 It 
 
 nday, the, 
 lu 6i the 
 fix in the 
 c didiince 
 I the moil 
 any |}art 
 the coaft 
 theiiland 
 vhich cafe 
 and the 
 ad of th^ 
 ra«, there*, 
 if clearing 
 ock in the 
 the land. 
 It leagues 
 bore N. 
 A'loa of E. 
 fliorc, and 
 owardi ui. 
 me to ap> 
 amity, and 
 nile. Wc 
 the coaft. 
 ig that the 
 en fatliouM, 
 came on. 
 along the 
 At Tevcn 
 point, fitiu 
 le iat. of 64 
 afluines ^ 
 oint, which 
 ■e S. 62 deg. 
 bore N. 32 
 of the Ihore 
 go our an- 
 )ottom. 
 wc wcishe^t 
 faw land, 
 one bearing 
 rrwardi, wc 
 th woods a 
 lately accuC 
 i was fcen in 
 ived a conii- 
 ere:wclike- 
 , apparently, 
 his was ima- 
 ind the ide of 
 ubt, whether 
 lem. for the 
 d further to- 
 o boats were 
 Commodore 
 art water, to 
 lel, between 
 In this man. 
 clock in the 
 I, our found- 
 half, and the 
 ic bottom. In 
 ;pth of water 
 t one fide to 
 me to return, 
 ern fliore, to 
 n, was about 
 rhe coaft e«- 
 whcre it a|»- 
 hich the coaft 
 andsAietchcd 
 }f Bald-head, 
 beach, where 
 W^ continiTcJ 
 by ^a}»-,lj)reak 
 fatlpipmt. At 
 niics front the 
 by Ms; King, 
 d water.. They 
 
 head, compofed of perpendicular ftrataof a dark blue 
 rock, intermixed with glimmer and quartz. Adjoining 
 to the beach is a narrow border of land, which was at 
 this time covered with long grafs, and where they ob- 
 ferved (bme angelica. The ground beyond this, rifes 
 with fome abruptncfsi towards the top of this eleva- 
 tion they found a heath, that abounded with berries of 
 various kinds : further onward the country was rather 
 level, and thinly covered with fmall fpruce trees, birch, 
 •nd willows. They faw the tracks of foxes and deer 
 upon the beach, in many parts of which, there was a 
 great abundance of drift wood: there was alfo no want 
 of frclh water. Our gentlemen and their attendants 
 having returned on board, the Commodore had thoughts 
 of brmging the Ihips to an anchor here; but the wind 
 thin Uniting to N. E. and blowing rather on this (hore, 
 he ftretchcd over to the oppoiite one, expeding to hnd 
 wood there likewife. At eight in the evenmg, we an- 
 chored near the fouthem end of the molt northerly 
 idand, for fuch we then imagined it to be. The next 
 iiiornmg, however, wc found that it was a peninfula, 
 conne<tted with the continent by a low ifthmus, on each 
 lide of which a bay is formed by the coall. We plied 
 into the luutherninoft of thefe bays, and cad anchor a- 
 gain about twelve o'clock, in five fathoms water, oyer 
 a muddy bottom : the point of the peninfula, to which 
 the name of Cape Denbigh was given, being one league 
 dillant, in the dircdion of N. 68 deg. W. We ob- 
 I'erved on the peninfula, feveral of the natives, and one 
 of them came off in a fmall canoe. Captain Cook 
 gave thu man a knive and lomc beads, with which he 
 appeared to be well pleated ; we made iigns to him to 
 bring us tome provitions, upon which he milantly quit- 
 ted UK, and paddled towards the iliore. Happening 
 to meet another man coming olF, who had tuo dried 
 I'almon, he got them from him ; and when he returned 
 to our Ihip he refufed to give them to any body except 
 Capuin Cook. Some of our people fancied, that he 
 alkcd for him under the name of Capitanc t but in 
 this they were perhaps millaken. Others of the in- 
 habitants came oft' foon afterwards, and gave us a few 
 dried tilb, in exchange for fuch trifles as wc had to 
 barter witli them. They Ihewed no dillike for tobacco, 
 but they were mod deflrous of knives. In the after- 
 noon, Mr. Gore was difpatchcd to the peninfula, to 
 procure wood and water ; of the former of which ar- 
 ticles we obferved great plenty upon the beach. At the 
 iame time a boat troin each of the Ihips was fent to 
 found round the bay; and at three o'clock, the wind 
 frcihcning at N. E. we weighed anchor, and endea- 
 voured to work further in, but that was quickly found 
 to be impradlicable, by reafon of the IlioaU which ex- 
 tended entirely round the bay, to the didance of up- 
 wards of two miles from the tliore, as the oflicers who 
 hid been fent out for the purpofe of founding reported. 
 We therefore ftood off and on with the ihips, waiting 
 for Lieutenant Gore, who returned about eight o'clock 
 in the evening, with the launch loaded with wood. 
 lie informed the Commodore, that he had found but 
 little frelh-water, and that the wood could not be pro- 
 cured without dilKculty, on account of the boats 
 grounding at foinc diftance from the beach. As this 
 was the cafe, \rc flood back to the other fliore, and the 
 next morning at eight, all the boats and a deuehment 
 of men with an olhcer, were fent to get wood from the 
 place where Captain Cook had landed on the loth. 
 After having continued for fomc time to Hand otf 
 and on with the (hips, we at length call anchor in 
 lei's than five fathoms, at the didance of half a league 
 from the coall, whole foufhern point bore S. 26 deg. 
 W. Ci>pe Denbigh was about 36 tailes diftant, bear- 
 ing S. 7a deg. E. Bald-head was nine leagues otf, in 
 the direction of N. 60 deg. E. and the illand near the 
 eaitern ihore, S. of Ca(K Denbigh, named by Captain 
 Cook, belboruugh Ifland, was 1 $ leagues diftant, bear- 
 ing S. J 2 deg. L. This being a very open road, and 
 tlurcfore not a lecure ftation for the Ihips, the Commo- 
 dore rcfolved not to wait till our (lock of water was 
 complet'^'d, as that would take up fome time; but only 
 b> furnilh both fliips w ith wood, and afterwards to feck 
 No. 69. 
 
 a more cdtnmodious place for the former article. Our 
 pebple carried off the drift-wood that lay on the beach, 
 and performed that bufmefs with great expeditions for,as 
 the wind blew along the fliore, the boats were enabled to 
 fail both ways. In the afternoon Captain Cook went on 
 fliore, and took a walk into the country, which in 
 thofe parts where there wu no wood, abouhded with 
 heath, and other plants, feveral of which had plenty 
 of berries, all ripe. Scarce a fingle plant was in flower. 
 The underwooif fuch as birch, alders, and willows, oc- 
 cafioned walking to be very troublefome among tiie 
 trees, which were all fpruce, and none of whicn ex- 
 ceeded feven or eight inches in diaibetert but fome 
 were obferved lying on the beach, that were above twice 
 that fize. All the drifuwood that we faw in thefe nor- 
 thern parts was Br. 
 
 Sunday the i jth, a family of the natives came near 
 the foot where our people were occupied in taking off 
 wood. The Captain faw only the hulband and wife, 
 and their child, betides a fourth perfon, whq. was the mod 
 deformed cripple he had ever feen. The hufliand was 
 nearly blind, and neither he, nor his wife, were fuch 
 well-looking people as many of thofe whom we had met 
 with on this coaft. Both of them had their lower lip* 
 perforated ; and they were in poflcflion of fomc glaiS' 
 beads, rcfembling thofe we had feen before among their 
 neighbours. Iron was the article thatpleafed them moft. 
 For four knives which had been formed out of «n old 
 iron-hoop, the Captain obtained from them near four 
 hundred pounds weight oftifti.that had been latelycaught 
 by thcin. Some ot thefe were trout, and others were, 
 with rifpcd to tize and tafte, fomewhat between a 
 herring and a mullet. The Captain gave a few beads 
 to the child, who was a female; upon which the mother 
 immediately biirft into tears, then the father, next after 
 him the cripple, and at laft, to add the iinifltiing ftroke 
 to the concert, the child herfelf This mufic, however, 
 was not of long duration. Mr. King had on the pre- 
 ccdinq; day been in company with the fame family; 
 His account of this interview is to the following pur- 
 port : While he attended the wooding party, a canoe 
 tilled with natives approached, out of which an elderly 
 man and woman (the huiband and wife above-men- 
 tioned) came atliors. Mr. King prefented a fmall knife 
 to the woman, and promifed to give her a much lar^r 
 one in exchange for fome fifli. She made fiens to him 
 to follow her. After he had proceeded with them a- 
 bout a mile, the man fell down as he was crofllng a 
 ftony beach, and happened to cut his foot very much. 
 This occafioned Mr. King to ftop; upon which the wo- 
 man pointed to her hulband's eyes, which were covered 
 with a thick whitifti film. He afterwards kept clofe to 
 his wife, who took care to apprize him of the obftacles 
 in his way. The woman had a child on her back, 
 wrapped up in the hood of her jacket. After walking 
 about two miles, they arrived at an open fkin-boat, 
 which was turned on one fide, the convex part towards 
 the wind, and was made to ferve for the habitatipn of 
 this family. Mr. King now performed a remarkable o- 
 
 Keration on the man's eyes. He was firft clefired to 
 old his breath, then to breathe on the diftempered 
 eyes, and afterwards to fpit on them. The woman then 
 took both the hands of Mr. King, and prefTing them 
 to the man's ftomach, held them there for fome time, 
 while (he recounted fome melancholy hiftory refpcdin^ 
 her family: fometimcs pointing to her huiband, fome- 
 times to her child, and at orher times to the cripple, 
 who was related to her. Mr. King purchafed all the 
 fifli they had, which confifled of excellent falmon, fal- 
 mon-trout, and mullet. Thefe fifli were faithfully de- 
 livered to the perfon he fent for them. The woman 
 was ftiort and fquat, and her vifage was plump and 
 round. She wore a jacket made of deer fkin, with a 
 large hood, and had on a pair of wide boots. She 
 was pundurcd from the lip to the chin. Her huiband 
 was well made, and about five feet two inches in height. 
 His hair was black and ihort, and he had but little 
 beard. His complexion was of a light copper cafl. He 
 had two holes in his lower lip, in which, however, he 
 had no ornaments. The teeth of both of them were 
 y 7 D ■ black, 
 
 ^\r 
 
 V^ 
 
 v\\ 
 
566 
 
 Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE, 
 
 i 
 
 f'.'f 
 
 t 
 
 black, and appeared at if they had been filed down 
 level with theguini. 
 
 Ucfrrenishc, on Sunday the i^th, we had antpiv Air- 
 nidicd the fliipi with wood, and had conveyed on Doard 
 about a dozen tont of water to each. On the 14th a 
 party wa> detached on fliore to cut broomi, and like- 
 wife the branches of fpruce-tree* for brewins beer. 
 About twelve o'clock all our people were taKen on 
 board, for the wind frelhening had raifcd fo heavy a 
 furf on the beach, that our boati could not continue to 
 land w ithout extreme difficulty and danger. Ai doubti 
 were ftill entertained whether the coaft, upon which 
 we now were, belonged to an ifland, or to the continent 
 of America, lieutenant King was difpatched by the 
 Commodore, with two boats, well manned ami armed, 
 to make fuch a fcarch as mu);ht tend to remove all dif- 
 ference of opinion on the fubjcifb. He was inftruiflcd 
 to proceed towards the north as far as the extreme 
 point feen on Wcdncfday the qth, or a little further, if 
 he (hould find it necelTary 1 to land there, and, from the 
 heights, endeavour to difcover whether the land he was 
 then upon, imagined to be the idaiid of Aiafchka, was 
 really an ifland, or was conneAed with the land to the 
 raftward, fuppofcd to be the American continent. If 
 it proved to be an ifland, he was to examine the depth 
 of water in the channel between it and the continent, 
 and which way the flood tide came : but, if he (hould 
 find the two lands united, he was to return immediately 
 to the (hip. < lie was diredied not to be abfent longer 
 than four or five days; and it was alfo mentioned in his 
 inftrudlions, that, if any unforefcen^ or unavoidable 
 accident fliould force our (hip off the coafl, the ren< 
 dczvnut was to be at the harbour of Samganoodha. On 
 Tuefday the 15th, the fliips removed over to the bay 
 on the fouth caflern fide of Cape Denbigh, where we 
 call anchor in the afternoon. Not long after, feveral 
 of the inhabitants came off in canoes, and gave us fomc 
 dried falmon in exchange lor trifling articles. Early the 
 next morning, nine men, each in a (eparatc canoe, paid 
 us a vitit, with the fole view of gratifying their curio- 
 fity. They approacht'd the (hip with cautio.i, and 
 drawing up abreall of each other, under our flern, fa- 
 voured u( with a fongi w hilc one of their number made 
 many ludicrous motions with his hands and body, and 
 another beat upon a fort of drum. There was nothing 
 favage, either in the fong, or the geflures with which it 
 was accompanied. There fcemcd to be no difference, 
 cither with refped to fizc or features, between thefe peo- 
 ple, and thofe whom we had feen on every other part of 
 the coalt, ex<^pt King Georges Sound. Their drefs, 
 which chiefly confilleJ of the (kins of deer, was made 
 after the fame mode 1 and they had adopted the practice 
 nf perforating their lower lips, and affixing onuments to 
 them. The habitations of^ thefe Americans were litu- 
 ated clofc to the beach. They confift merely of a flop- 
 ing roof, without any fide-walls, formed of logs, and 
 covered with earth aiui grafs. The floor is likewife 
 hid with logs. I'hc entrance is at one end, and the 
 fire-place is jiid within it. A fmall hole iii made near 
 ihedoorof the hut, for the purpofe of letting out the 
 fmoke. A party of men was difpatched, this morning, 
 to the peninfuia for brooms and fpruce. Half the re- 
 mainder of the people of both ihip* were, at the fame 
 rime, fjerniitrcd to go afliore and gather berries. Thefe 
 returned on board about twelve o'clock, and the other 
 half then landed for the fame purpofe. The berries 
 found here were hurtle-berries, heath-berries, partridge- 
 berries, and wild currant-berries. Captain Cook alfo 
 went afhore himfelf, and took a walk over part of the 
 peoinfula. He met with very good grafs in feveral 
 places, and fcarcely obferved a iingic fpot on which 
 fome v^tablc. was not growing. The low land by 
 which this peninfuia is united to the continent, abounds 
 whh narrow creeks, and likewife with pondaof water, 
 fevemL of which were at this tiAif (roecn over. There 
 were numbers of biiftardc and gecfe, but they were fo 
 fliy, that it was impoflible 10 get within muf()uct-(hot 
 of them.- Some fnipcs were aMb feen ; and, on the 
 higher grounds, were partridges of two fpecies; where 
 there; wai wood, mufquitoca were numerous. Some of 
 
 the ofTicen, who went further into the country than 
 Captain Cook did, met with fomc of the natives of 
 both fexei, who treated them with civility and kind- 
 nefi. The Commodore was of opinion, that this penin- 
 fuia had been an ifland in fomc diflant period; for there 
 were marks of the fea having formerly flowed over the 
 ifthmus) ami even at prefent, it appeared to be kept out 
 by a bank of fand, ftoncs, and wood, which the waves 
 had thrown up. It was manifeft from this bank, that 
 the land here encroached upon the fea, and it was not 
 difficult to trace its gradual formation. 
 
 Lieutenant King returned from his expedition about 
 feven o'clock this evening. He had fet out at eight 
 o'clock at night, on the 14th. The crews of the boats 
 rowed without intermifllon towards the land, till one 
 in the morning of the 15th. They then fet their fails, 
 and flood acrofs the bay, which the coafl forms to the 
 weflward of Bald-Head. They afterwards, about three 
 o'clock, again made ufe of their oars, and, by two in the 
 afternoon, had got within two miles of Baldi-Head, un- 
 der the lee of the high land. At that time all the men 
 in the boat bekmging to the Refolution, except two, 
 were fo opprelTedwith fatigue and fleep, that Mr. 
 King's utmofl endeavours to make them put on were 
 perfci^ly incflcd^ual. They, at length, were fo far cx- 
 hauflcd, as to drop their oars, and faH afleep at the bot- 
 tom of the boat. In confequence of this, Mr. Kin^ 
 and two gentlemen who were with him, were obliged 
 to lay hold of the oars ; and they landed, a Tittle after 
 three o'clock, between Bald-Head and a point that pro- 
 jeds to the eaflward. Mr. King, upon his landing, 
 afcended the heights, from which he could fee the two 
 coaflsjoin, and that the inlet terminated in a fmall creek 
 or river, before which there were banks of fand or 
 mud, and in every part (hoal water. The land, for 
 fomc diflance towards the north, was low and fwampy ; 
 then it rofe in hills; and the perfedl jundlion of thole, 
 on each fide of the inlet, was traced without the lead 
 difliculty. From the elevated fituation in which Mr. 
 King took his furvey of the Sound, he could difcern 
 many fpacious valleys, with rivers flowing through 
 them, well wooded, and bounded by hills of a mode, 
 rate height. One of the rivers towards the N. W. 
 feemed to be confiderable; and he was inclined to 
 fuppofe, from its diredlion, that it difchargcd itfelf 
 into the fea at the head of the bay. Some of hi< 
 people, penetrating beyond this into the country, 
 found the tree» to be of a larger fizc the further 
 they proceeded. To this inlet Captain Cook gave 
 the name of Norton's Sound, in honour of Sir Fletcher 
 Norton, now Lord Grantlcv; a near relation of Mr. 
 King. It extends northward as far as the latitude of 64 
 deg. 55 min. N. The bay, wherein our ftiips were now 
 at anchor, is fituated on the fouth.eaflem fide of it, 
 and is denominated Chacktoolc by the natives. It is 
 not a very excellent ftation, being cxpofed to the S. and 
 S. W. winds. Nor is a harbour to be met with in all 
 this Sound. We were fo fortunate, however, as to have 
 the wind from theN. E. and the N. during the whole 
 time of our continuance here, with very fine weather. 
 This afforded an opportunity of making a great number 
 of lunar obfervations, the mean refult of which gave 
 ro7 deg. 13 min. E. as the longitude of the anchoring 
 plaee on the weftem-fidc of the Sound, while its lati- 
 tude was 64 deg. 31 min. N. With refpeft to the 
 tides, the night flood rofe two or three feet, and the day 
 flood was fcarcely perceivable. Captain Cook being 
 now pcHeflly convinced, that Mr. Stehlin's nup was 
 extremely erroneous, and having rellored the continent 
 of AnKrica to the fpace which that gentleman had oc- 
 cupied with his imaginary ifland of Aiafchka, thought 
 it now high time to quit thefe northerly regions, and 
 retire tofome place for the winter, where he might ob- 
 tain proviftons and refrefhment*. He did not confider 
 l^nropaulowfka, or the harbour of St. Peter nnd St. 
 Paul in Kamtfchatka, as likely to furnifh a fufficient 
 fupply. He had likewife other rcafons for not going 
 thfther at prefent; the principal of which was, his great 
 unwillingnefs to remain inadlive for fix or feven months, 
 which would have been the confequence of pafling the 
 
 winter 
 
nuy than 
 nitivcx of 
 and kind- 
 thii penin' 
 di for there 
 :d over the 
 c kept out 
 the wavea 
 bank, that 
 it wai not 
 
 tion about 
 It at eight 
 r the bontfl 
 id, till one 
 their faiiii. 
 Him to the 
 about three 
 two in the 
 Head, im- 
 all the men 
 xcept two, 
 that Mr. 
 it on were 
 e fo far eX' 
 at the bot> 
 Mr. King, 
 ere obliged 
 1 Tittle after 
 nt that pro- 
 is landing, 
 fee the two 
 ifmali creek 
 of fand or 
 e land, for 
 id fwampv; 
 ion of thofe, 
 nit the lead 
 which Mr. 
 ould difcern 
 ing through 
 of a mode. 
 1 the N. W. 
 inclined to 
 hargcd itfclf 
 iome of his 
 he country, 
 the further 
 I Cook gave 
 Sir Fletcher 
 ition of Mr. 
 atitudcof 64 
 ips were now 
 n fide of it, 
 itivcs. It is 
 to the S. and 
 t with in all 
 rr, as to have 
 ^ the whole 
 me weather, 
 ^eat number 
 which gave 
 he anchoring 
 irhile in iati- 
 fpcd to the 
 , and the day 
 Cook being 
 n's map was 
 he continent 
 ■man had oc- 
 ika, thought 
 regions, and 
 he might ob- 
 not confider 
 cter and St. 
 I a fufficient 
 }r not going 
 was, his great 
 even months, 
 if pafling the 
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COUK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAOK— lo thel'Acll-a 1)1 
 
 wimer in iitf (fT theft mmhern cnuntrla. He ai length 
 condudeil. (hit no fttuiiiMm wm (b ronvmienc for our 
 
 KuruoTc u the Sandwich llUndi. To them, therefore, 
 e rormed a reMutinn of reoairinR. But a fupply of 
 water beii^ ncccflkrv bcfiMt he could execute that lie 
 Jlgn, he determinca, with a view of pmruring (hi< cf- 
 mtiial article, to fearch the coolt of America fcrr a ha.- 
 bour,by priKceiilna along it to (he ftnithward. If he 
 Ihould not nteet with Ibrcrfi in that frarch, hit inten- 
 tion wai to reach Samgannodha, which wai appointed 
 for our place of rendexvoiii, in cife the (hipi fhaulA 
 happen to feparate. 
 
 On ThurUay, the i^rh. in the morning we weighed 
 tnchor with a light caftrrly brrere, and (leering to the 
 I(>uthwaril,atu-iii{icei1 to pafi within Befbomngh Iflanifi 
 but, thoMgh it ii lix or fevcn milei diftant fVom the con- 
 kiAcnt, we were prevented, by meeting with (hoal wa- 
 ter. Having but little wind all the day, we did not pafi 
 that idand before it wai dark i and the night wai fpent 
 under an eafy fail. On the i Htli; at day nreak; we re- 
 fumed our progrefi along the coaft. At noon, oqr 
 founding! were no mnre than Ave fathom*. Befborougfh 
 Idand, at thii time, bore N. 41 deg. E. the moft fou- 
 iherly bud in nght, which alfo proved to be an ifland, 
 bore S. 66 deg. W. the pafTagc between it and the ron- 
 t'tDfni, wai in the dircaion of S. 40 deg. W. and the 
 neikrell land wai at the diltKnce of abmit two milei. 
 Wc continued to (leer for this palThfire, till the boats 
 which were a-head made the iignal for having no more 
 than three fatluimi water. In cnnfcquencc of thi«. we 
 hauled without the idand, anddifplaycd the fignal for 
 the Refolutioti'i boat to keep between the Ihorc and the 
 (hipi. Thii Ifland, to Which the name of Stuart'i 
 Idand wai given, lie* in tlifc latitude of 61 deg. 35 min. 
 N. and ii 1 7 Icaguci didunt from Cap« benbigh. in the 
 dircdion of S. 17 dec. W. It ik (nt or feven leagues 
 in circumference. 1 notigh fome parta of it arc of a 
 moderate height, vet Jn general, it ii low, with (bmc 
 rocki off the wertern part. The grrateft part of the 
 coaft of the continent is low land, but we perceivnl 
 highland up the country. It formi a point, oppofift 
 the idand, which w.is dill ingiii died by the name of Cape 
 Stephens, and 11 dtuatrd in the latitude of 63 dec. n 
 min. N. and in the lonuitudc of 197 deg. 41 mm. K. 
 Some drift wooti was obiervcd on the du>res, both of the 
 ifland and nf the continent 1 but not a (ingic tree was 
 Icen growing upon cither. VcflTcIs might anchor, upon 
 iKcalion, between the continent and the N. E. fide of 
 this ifland, in a ilepth of five fathomi, (heltercd from 
 the eafterly, wcdcrly, and fuutherly windi. But this 
 nation would be entirely expofed to tne northerly windi, 
 the land, in that diredion, being too remote to afford 
 any fecurity. Bcfcre we reached Stuart'a Ifland, we 
 paflTcd two little idandi, fituatc between us and the 
 main land 1 and as wc ranged along the coaft, feveral of 
 the natives made their appearance upon the Ihore, and, 
 by finns, fecmcd to invite us to approach. 
 
 Wc were no fooner without the idand, than we 
 fleered S. by W. for the moll fuuthern part of the con- 
 tinent in fight, till eight in the evening, when, the 
 depth of water having dccrcafed from fit fathoms to 
 lets than four, wc ticked and flood to the northward 
 into five fathoms, ami tlicn pafp;d the night In (binding 
 oir and on. At the time wc tacked, the routhcrmnoR 
 point of land above mentioned, which wc named Point 
 Shallow Water, bore S. half E. at the diftance of feven 
 leagues. On the 1 9th, at d^y break, wc rcfumed our 
 fogthcrlycourfej but flioal water foon obliged u» to 
 haul more to the wcflward. Wc wctt at lehgtli fo far 
 adv.jnced upon the b^nk, that wc could hot hold a N. 
 N. W. courfe, aa wc fimictimes met with only four fa- 
 thoms. The wind blowing frcfh at E. N. E. it was 
 now high time to endeavour to find a greater depth of 
 water, and to quit a cwjt, upon which we could nO 
 longer nivigatc with fafctv. ' Wc thefeforii hauted the 
 wind to the northwiird.and tKft witter gradually increafod 
 in depth to eight fatbomn. At! this tmv, wc \yerc aboit ; 
 twelve leaEucs diflont fromtfws coiiti*:nt. and ni;nti to 
 thf U, of Stuart's Iflaad. We faw^ no land to the 
 touUiward of Pomt Shallow Watif. wWA Cajftilh 
 
 i 
 
 Cook judged to lie in the latitude of 6 1 deg. N. lib 'hat 
 bet wren Ihia latitude ami Hhoal Ncfs, in latuutk to U ^, 
 ihccoafl has not tK-en explored. It ii probably accv. • 
 (ibic only to Ikmis, or very finali vcllirls 1 or, if (here 
 nrechanoeli for veirrliof greater iiMgnitrde, it would 
 require fom- time to fimi inen». Irom th' mall head, 
 (hcfea within ii« ap}>earrJ tobtcheiouereJ i»iiii liioaUi 
 (he water was vt-ry miidily and diilitlmired, and iiiuch 
 frefher than at any of the places where our lliips had 
 lately anchored, f'ntm this we inferred, that a cnnli- 
 dernnl'- ri' er nins into the fra, in this unexploic/l |wrt. 
 After lid got into right fathomi water, wc ileercd 
 to the wcdward. and afterwards more foutherly, for the 
 landdifiover«l«yu«on the 5th of Sc|iifml)rr, which 
 at noon on the joth, Iwrr S. W.by W. at the diflance 
 of ten or eleven leaguts. Wc had now a frcfli gale at 
 N. and, at intervals, (howrr% of hail and fnow, ^*lth a 
 pretty high fea. To tl»c lanil before us, the Coinmo* 
 dore gave the ap|iellaii(m of c Icrltc'* Itland. It (>>indi 
 in the laritudcof 63 deg. 1 $ in in. and in the longitude 
 of 190 deg. 30 min. It leentrd ro be an ifland of^ con- 
 fiderable cxfenf , in which arc l°e%eni! hills, all ennnrtiici 
 by k)w groiiml, fn that it look*, at a diilamr, like a 
 grouo of idanil<i Near its eallrrn part is aliuUr ilUiid, 
 which is remark tliirfoi having on it three ilcvattd rocki. 
 Both the greater ifland, and ihisfiniUlcr one, were in- 
 habited. In the afternoon, about fix oilock, we reached 
 the northern point of Cl.rkc'i IDandt ami having 
 ringed along its coall till dark, wc brought to during 
 the night. F.arly the next morning, wc a^.iin flood iti 
 for the coall, and pKicccdid along it in quell of an 
 harbour, till twelve oVIcK'k, when finding no proba- 
 bility of fucccfs, we left it and fleered S. S. W. tor the 
 land difcovcrcd by us on the aoth of Julyi having a 
 frcfli gale at N. accompanied with fliowers of fnow and 
 fleet. 
 
 Wednefday the 93d, at <lay break, the land abovt 
 memioncd made its appearance, iKaring S. W. at the 
 diftance of fix or feven leagues. From this point of 
 view, it rcfcmbied a duller of iflandit but It was found 
 to bo only one, of about thirty miles in extent, in the 
 direilion of N. W. id S. E. the fouth-eaflern extre- 
 mity being Cape Upright, which wc have mentioned 
 before. I1ie ifland is narrow, particularly at the low 
 necks of land by which the hiili are connected. Cap- 
 tain Cook afterwards found, that it was entirely unknown 
 to the RulTians, and therefore, confidering it as a diU 
 covcry of our own, he named it Gore's Ifland. It ap- 
 peared to be barren and dcflitute of inhabitants, at leaft 
 we faw none. Nor did we obfcrve fuch a number of 
 birds about it, at we had fcen when we firfi difcovcrcd 
 it. But we perceived foine lea-otter;, an animal which 
 we had not found to the N. of thii latitude. About 
 twelve milei from Cape Upright, in the diredtion of S. 
 73 deg. W. Itandi a fmall ifland, whofe lofty rur.'.rr.i: 
 terminates in feveral pinnacle rocki, for which reafon 
 it obtained the name of Pinnacle Ifland. At two 
 o'clock P. M. after we had palled Cape Upright, we 
 fleered S. E^ by S. for Samganoodha, with a gentle 
 breeze at N. N. W. being refolved to lofe no more time 
 in fearching for an harbour among iflandi, which we 
 flow began to fufpcdl had no exifiencc] at leafl, not in 
 the latitude and longitude in which they have been placed 
 by modem delineators of chairs. On the 24th in the 
 evennn^, the wind veered to S. W. and S. and increafed 
 to a frcfh gale. We continued our eafterly courfc till 
 eicht in the morning of the 35th, when in the kingi- 
 tuae of 191 deg. 1 o min. and in the htitude of 5 8 d^. 
 33 min. we tacked and flood to the weflward i foon ftfter 
 which, the sale increafing, we wete reduced to two 
 Courfts, ancT clofe-rcefied main-top-faila. in « flion 
 time after, the Rcfolution fprung a leak, under the 
 (larboard buttock, which was fo confiderable, aa to 
 kee^ one pump conftantly employed. Wc would not , 
 venture to put the (hip upon the other tack, from 
 the apprehenfionttfgetmg upon the thoais that lie to 
 th^ N. W. of CaM'NeirimhaM 1 but continued to (leer 
 towards the W. till fix in (hi evening of Saturday the 
 36th, when'we wore and flood to the eaftwanii and 
 th^n tUt lekk gate ut no hither trouble. Thia prpvcd, 
 
 that 
 
 W ! 
 
 ^^■i 
 
 i'v)l| 
 
 • n 
 
568 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
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 that it was above the water-line, which gave ui great 
 fati»fu£lion. The gale had now ccafcd, but the wind 
 continued at S. and S. W, for Tome days longer. 
 
 On Friday the 2nd of Oiflober, at day break, we faw 
 the ifle of Oonalaflika, in a S. E. diroflion. But at 
 the land wai obfcured by a thick haxe, we were not cer- 
 tain with refped to our fituation till noon, when the 
 obferved latitude determined it. We hauled into a 
 bay, ten milci to the wcdward of Samganoodha, known 
 by the name of ^(oochfluci but findiiw very deep 
 water, we fpecdily left it. The natives viliced ui at dif- 
 ferent times, bringing with them dried falinon, and 
 other fifti, which our Tailors received in exchange for 
 tobacco. Only a few days before, evtry ounce of to- 
 bacco that remained in the fhip, had been diliributcd 
 among them, and the quantity was not half fuflicicnt to 
 anfwci' iheirdcmands. Notwithdanding this, fothought- 
 Irfs and improvident a being is an linglith failor, that 
 they were as profufe in making their bargains, as if we 
 had arrived at a port in Virginia ; by which means, in 
 Irfi) than two days, the value of this conunodity was 
 lowered above a thoufand per cent. The next day, at 
 one o'clock in the atternoon, we anclwred in the har- 
 bour of Samganoodha, and, on the morning of the , 
 4ih, the carpenters were employed in ripping off the 
 iiieathing nf and under the wale of the Relolution on the 
 Rar-board dde. Many of the fcains were ibund cntirchr 
 open I it was therefore not to be wondered at, that to 
 much water had got into the Ihip. We cleared the iilb 
 and fpirit moms, and the after-hold; and difpofcd 
 things in (iich n manner, that, in cafe of any future 
 leaks of the fame nature, the water might find its way 
 to the pumps. Bcfidea this work, and completing our 
 f^ock of water, wc cleared the foic-hold,and took in a 
 quantity of ballatV. 
 
 The vegetables we had met with when we were here 
 hcfore, Mcrc now, for (he moll part, in a flate of decay. 
 There Ixring great plenty of berries, one-third of (he 
 people, by turns, had pcrmiflion to go a-fliore and 
 (rather them. Confidcrable quantities of them were 
 .iKo brought to us by the inhabitants. If there were 
 any feeds of the fcurvy, among the people of either 
 fhip, thefc berries, and the ufe of fpruce beer, which 
 they were allowed to drink every other day, elfeiflually 
 eradicated them. Wc likewife procured abundance of 
 fi(h; at firit, chiefly falmon, both frefh and dried, which 
 the natives brought us. Some of the frelh falunun was 
 in the highed perfection ; but there was one fort, which, 
 from the figure of itt head, we called hook-nofed, that 
 «as but IndifTerent. Drawing the feine fevcral times, 
 at the head of the bay, we caught many falmon trout, 
 and a halibut that weighed 254 pounds. We aftcr- 
 w.-irds had recouric to hooks and lines. A boat was 
 fcnt out every morning, which feldom returned without 
 eight or ten halibut, a quaiuity more than fuflicient to 
 ferve all our people. Thefc fifh were excellent, and 
 :herc were fcw who did not prefer them to falmon. 
 'I'hus we not only obtained a fupply of fifh for prefent 
 confumptio.i, but had fomc to carry with us to Tea. 
 On the Rth, Captain Cook received, by the hands of a 
 native of Oonalafhka, named Dcrramoufhk, a very An- 
 gular prefent, conlidering the place we were in. It 
 was a rye loaf, or rather a pye in the form of a loaf, 
 as it endofedfome falnmn, well feafoned with pepper. 
 This man~ had brought a funilar prefent for Capuin 
 Gierke, and a note for each of the Captains, written in 
 a charader which none of us underftood. It was na- 
 tural CO imagine, that thefc two prefents were from 
 fome KufTians now in our neighbourhood, and therefore 
 the Captains fent, by the fame meflcnger, to thefc un- 
 known friends, a few bottles of rum, wine and porter, 
 which they fuppofed would be highly acccpuble. Cap- 
 rain Cook alfo fent, in Company with Dcrramoufhk, 
 Corporal Lediard, of the marines, an i.itclli^ent man, 
 for the purpofe of gaining farther information ; with 
 orders, that if he met with aoy RuflUns, he fliould en- 
 deavour to make them undcHland, that we: were Eng- 
 liHimen.thc friends and allies of their nation. 
 
 Satuiday the loth, Corporal Lediard returned «ri(h 
 thrte Ruffian fearoen, pr Airriert, jf|io with ftv«l»l 
 
 others refided at Epgoochfhar, whcic they had Tome 
 flore-houfes, a dwelliiu-houfe, and a floop of about jo 
 tons burthen. One ofthere Ruflians was either Malfer 
 or Mate of this vefTel. They were all three intelligent 
 well-behaved men, and extreiitely ready to give us all 
 the information we could deiire. But for want of m 
 interpreter, we found it very difficult to underfttnd 
 each other. They appeared to have a perfcA know- 
 ledge of theattenmts which their countrymen had made 
 to navigate the Frosen Ocean, and of the difcoveries 
 that had been made from Kamtfchatka, by Beering, 
 Tfcherikoff, and Spangetiberg. But they had not the 
 leafl idea to what part of the world Mr. Stsehlin's map 
 referred, when it was laid before them. When Capuin 
 Cook pointed out Kamtfchatka, and fome other places 
 upon this map, they afked him whether he had feen 
 the iflands there reprefentedi and, on his anfwcring 
 in the negative, one of them put his finger upon a 
 part of the map, where a number of iflands arc laid 
 down, and faid that he had cruifed there in fearch of 
 land,, but could nevct- meet with any. The Captaio 
 then fliewcd them his own chart, and found that they 
 were ftrangen to every part of the coaH of America, 
 except that which lies oppofite this ifland. One of 
 thefc men faid, that he had been with Beering in his 
 American voyage; but he muft then have been very 
 younc; for even now, at the diflancc of 37 years, he had 
 not the appearance of being aged. Never was greater 
 refpcct paid to the memoiy of any eminent pcrfon, 
 than by diefe men to that of Beering. The trade In 
 wbich thev are engaged is ver^- advantageous, and its 
 being undertaken and extended to the eaQward of 
 Kamtfchatka, was the immediate rcfult of the fccond 
 voyage of that diflinguifhcd navigator, whofe misfor- 
 tunes proved the (biirce of much private benefit to 
 individuals, and of public utility to the Kuflian empire. 
 And yet. if his dill refTes had not accidentally carried 
 him tp the ifland which bears his name, >t here he ended 
 his life, and from whence the remainder of h^ fliip's 
 crew brought back fpeciment of its valuable furs, the 
 Ruffians would probably have undertaken no future 
 voyages, which could lead them to make difcoveries in 
 this Tea, towards the American coafl. Indeed, after 
 hit time, their mininry fcem to have paid lefs attention 
 to this objcc'l; and for what difcoveries have been fince 
 made, wc arc principally indebted to the enterprizing 
 fpirit of private merchants, encouraged, however, by 
 the fuperintending care of the court of Peterlburg. 
 I'he three RulTians having renuined all night with the 
 Commodore, vifited Capuin Gierke the following 
 morning, uiui then departed, perfcdiy fatisficd with the 
 reception tiicy had met with. They promifed to re- 
 turn in a few days, and briiw with them a chart of 
 the iflands fituatc between Kamtfchatka and Oona- 
 lallika. In the evening of the 14th, while Captain 
 Cook and Mr. Webber were at a village, not far from 
 Samganoodha, a Ruffian landed there, who proved to 
 be the principal pcrfon among his countrymen in thii 
 and the.adjaient ifles. His name was Erafim Grego- 
 rioff Sin Ifiuyloff. He arrived in a canoe that carried 
 three perbns, attended by twenty or thirty finaller < a- 
 noes, each conduiflcd by one man. Immediately after 
 landing, they conl\ruAcd a fnnall tent for Ifmylof}j of 
 materiaii which they had brought with them, and 
 they afterwards nnade others for themfelves, of their ca- 
 noes and paddles, which they covered with grafs. If- 
 mylolf having invited the Captain and Mr. Webber 
 into his tent, fct before them fome dried falmon and 
 berries^ He appeared to be a man of fenfc; and the 
 Capuin felt no linall mortification in not being able to 
 converfe with him, cxce|M by ft^ns, with the afliftancc 
 of figures, and other charaders. The Captain requcflcd 
 him to favour him with his company on board the next 
 day, and accordingly he came with all his atfndanri. 
 lie had indeed moved into the neighbotirhood of our 
 Ration, for the exprcfs purpofe of waiting upon us. 
 The Commodore was in hopes of receiving from him 
 the chart which his three countrymen had promifed, 
 W he was difa^pointed. However. IfmylotF afliired 
 lim be ihould have it, and he kept his word. The 
 - ^ Cspraln 
 
hid fomt 
 |f about JO 
 lerMarter 
 hitelligcnt 
 jgive ui all 
 'ant of an 
 lunderftand 
 k& know- 
 had made 
 Idircoverici 
 lyBeering, 
 lu not the 
 ihlin'i map 
 ^n Capuin 
 :hcr placci 
 le had Tccn 
 anrwcring 
 rer upon a 
 [d« ate laid 
 fcarch of 
 ic Captaio 
 that they 
 if America, 
 One of 
 ing in hii 
 been very 
 in, he had 
 was greater 
 ent pcrfon, 
 lie trade in 
 Hit, and its 
 cadward of 
 the fccond 
 lofc misfor- 
 hcncfit to 
 ian empire, 
 ally carried 
 ere he ended 
 >f his fliip's 
 }le furs, the 
 n no future 
 ifcoveries in 
 ndced, after 
 cfs attention 
 /e been fince 
 entcrprizing 
 however, by 
 Petcrfburg. 
 ght with the 
 IC following 
 [icd with the 
 inifcd to re- 
 i a chart of 
 and Oona- 
 lile Captain 
 wt far from 
 
 proved to 
 ^men in this 
 )(im Grego- 
 
 that carried 
 ' finaller ca- 
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 Ifmylof}^ of 
 
 them, and 
 , of their ca- 
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 ir. Webber 
 
 falition and 
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 teing able to 
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 in requefted 
 ard the next 
 
 1 atfndanrs. 
 hood of our 
 ig upon us. 
 g from him 
 id promifed, 
 ylon aiTured 
 word. The 
 
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COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, te. 569 
 
 Captain found him very well acauainted wiih the rco- 
 graphy of thofe parts, and with all the difcovcrics which 
 had been made in this quarter by the Ru<rians. On fee- 
 ing the modern maps, he inftantly pointed out their er- 
 lort : he (aid he had accompanied Lieutenant Syndo, 
 or (as he called him) Synd, in his northern cx> 
 peditloni and, according to his account, they did 
 not proceed farther than the Tfchukotfl(oi Nofs, 
 or rather than St. Lawrence's Bay ; for he pointed on 
 our chart to the very place where Captain Cook landed. 
 From thence he faid they went to an ifland in the lat. 
 of 63 deg. N. upon which they did not land. He did 
 not recoiled the name of that ifland; but the Captain 
 conjcftured, that it was the fame with that to which 
 the appellation of Gierke's Ifland had been given. To 
 what place Synd repaired afterwards, or in what parti- 
 cular manner he employed the two years, during which, 
 according to Ifmyloif, hit refearches lalled, he was ci- 
 ther unable or unwilling to inform us. Perhaps he did 
 not comprehend our enquiries on this point ; and yet, 
 jn almolt every other thin^, we found means to make 
 him underftand us. This mclined us to fufpedt, that 
 he had not really been in this expedition, notwith- 
 ftanding what he had aflcrted. Not only Ifmyloif, but 
 ulfo the others affirmed, that they were totally un- 
 acquainted with the American continent to the north- 
 ' ward; and that neither Lieutenant Synd, nor any other 
 Rudian, had fccn it of late years. They called it by 
 the fame name which Mr. Stxhiin has affixed to his 
 large idand, that is Alafchka. According to the in- 
 formation we obtained from Ifinyioft" and his country- 
 men, the Ruffians have made fcvcral acteiiipts to gain 
 a footing ujwn that part of rhc North American con- 
 tinent, that lies contiguous to Oonalaflika and the adja- 
 cent itlunds, but have conllantly been repulfcd by the 
 inhabitants, whom tiiey reprefcnt as a very treacherous 
 people. They made mention of two or three Captains, 
 or chief men, who had been niiirdcred by them; and 
 fomc of the Ruffians iliewed us wounds, which they de- 
 clared they had received there. Ifniylortallb informed m, 
 that in theyear 177.^, an expedition had been undertaken 
 into the Vrozen Ocean in (ledges, over the i( f, to three 
 large iflnnds that arc (ituatc oppofitc the mouth of the 
 river Kovyma. But a voyage which he faul he himfclf 
 had pcrfirmcd, engaged our attention more than any 
 other. He told us that on the 12th of May, 1771, he 
 failed from Holchcretzk, in Kamtfchatka, in a Ruffian 
 vcirdroMaicckan, one of the Kurileiflands, where there 
 is an harbour, and a Ruffian fettleinent. I'rom this 
 ifland he proceeded 10 Japan, where his continuance 
 appears to have been but fluirt ; tor, as foon as the J.i- 
 panefe knew that he and his companions profeflcd the 
 Chriftian faith, they made figns for them to depart ; 
 but did not, fo far as we could undcrfland him, offer 
 any infult or violence. From Japan he repaired to 
 Canton, in China; and from thence, in a French fhip 
 to France. He then travelled to Pcterlburgh, and 
 was afterwards fent out again to Kamtfchatka. We 
 could not learn what became of the vcflcl in which he 
 firft embarked, nor what was the principal intention 
 of the voyage. His being unable to fpcak one word 
 of the French language, rendered this flory rather fuf- 
 picious; he fccmed clear, however, as to the times of 
 his arrival at the different places, and of his departure 
 from them, which he put down in writing. The next 
 morning (Friday the 16th} he offered Captain Cook a 
 fea-otter (kin, which he laid was worth 80 roubles at 
 Kamtfchatka. The Captain, however, thought proper 
 to decline the offer; but accepted of fomc dried filh, 
 and fevcral bafl<ets of the lily, or farannc root. In the 
 afternoon, Ifmyloff, afier having dined with Captain 
 Clerkc, left us with all his retinue, but proinifcd to re- 
 turn in a few days. Accordingly, on the 19th, he 
 paid us another vifit, bringing with him the charts 
 above-mentioned, which he permitted Captain Cook 
 to copy, and the contents of which arc the foundation 
 of the following remarks. 
 
 Thcfe chart.'! were two in number, they were both 
 manufcripts, and bore every mark of authenticity. One 
 of them comprehended the Pcnflunlkian fea, tho coaft 
 No. 69. 
 
 of Tartary, as low as the lat. of 41 deg. N. the Kurilc 
 Klands, and the pcninfula of Kamtfchatka. Since this 
 chart had been made, Wawfeclct IrkecchofT, a naval 
 captain, explored, in the year 1758, the coalt of Tar- 
 tary, from Okotik, and the river Amur, to Japan, or 4I 
 dea. of northern lat. We were informed hv Mr. Ifmv- 
 lofr, that a great part of the fea-coad of Kamtfchatka 
 had been corredled by himfelf; and he dcfcribcd the 
 inflrument ufed by him for that purpofe, which mull 
 have been a theodolite. He aillo told us, that there 
 were only two harbours proper for (hipping, on all the 
 ealfcrn coafl of Kamtfchatka, viz. the biy of Awatflta, 
 and the river Ohitora, in the bottom of the gulph of 
 the fame name ; that there was not one harl)our on its 
 weftcrn coaft ; and that Yamflt was the only one, except 
 Okotik, on all the wcflern fide of the Pcnihinlkian fea, 
 till we come to the river Amur. The Kurilc Iflands 
 contain but one harbour, and th.it is on the N. E. fide 
 of Mareekan; where, as we have already mentioned, 
 the Ruffians have a fettlement. The other chart com> 
 prehended all the difcovcrics that the Ruffians had 
 made to the caffward of Kamtfchatka, towards Ame- 
 rica. That p«rt of the American coaft, with which 
 Tfcherikoff fell in, is laid down in this chart betw ceii 
 the lat. of 58 deg. and 58 and an half deg. N. and 75 
 dcp. of caltcrn long, from Okotik, or a 1 8 and an half 
 deg. from Greenwich; and the place where Beering 
 anchored in 59 and an half deg. of lat. and 63 and an 
 half deg. of long, from Okotik, or 207 deg. from Green- 
 wich. To fay nothing of the long, which may, from 
 feveral caufes, be erroneous, the lat. of the coalt difco- 
 vered by Beering and Tfcherikoff, particularly that parC 
 of it which was difcovered by the latter. Jitters confi- 
 derably from Mi. Mullcr's chart. Whether the chart 
 now produced by Ifmyloff, or that of Mullcr, be moft 
 erroneous in this rcfpeft, it may be dirticult to deter- 
 mine. According to Ifmylolf's account, neither the 
 number nor the lituation of the iflands which are dif- 
 pcrfed between J2 deg. and 55 deg. of lat. in the fpace 
 between Kamtfchatka and America, is properly afccr- 
 tained. He flruck out about a third of them, alFuring 
 us that they did not exift; and he conUdcrably altered 
 the fituatior, of others, which he faid was nece*^ary, from 
 the obfervations which he himfelf had made; and there 
 was no reafon to entertain a doubt about this. As thcfe 
 iflands arc nearly under the fame parallel, different na- 
 vigators, rnifled by their different reckonings, might 
 eafily tjiifiakc one ifland, j cluftcr of iflands for ano- 
 ther; and imagine they had made a new difcovcry, 
 when they had only found old ones; in a pofition fome- 
 what different from that which their former vifitors had 
 adigned to them. The ifles of St. Theodore, St. Ste- 
 phen, St. Abraham, St. Macarius.Sedudlion Ifland, and 
 fevcral others, which arc rcprefented in Mr. Muller's 
 chart, were not to be found in this no., produced to 
 us ; nay, Ifmyloff and the other Ruffians alTured Cap- 
 tain Cook, that they had been frequently fought for 
 without cil'cA. Ncverthclefs, it is difficult to believe, 
 that iMr. Muller could place them in his chart without 
 fome authority, Captain Cook, however, confiding in 
 the teftimony of thefc people, whom he thought com- 
 petent witncffes, omitted them in his chart; and made 
 fuch corredions refpcding the other iflands. as he had 
 reafon to think were neccllafy. 
 
 We fliall now proceed to give fome account of the 
 ifland.s, beginning with thofe which are nearcli to 
 Kamtfchatka, and computing the long, from the hare 
 hour oj Petropaulowrtca, in the bay of Awatlka. TThe 
 '"■-'I is Becring's idand, in 55 deg. of northern lat. aiid 
 6 deg. of eadern long. At the diftancc of 10 leagus* 
 from the fouthern extremity of this, in the dircdlio of 
 E by S. or E, S. E. (lands Maidenoi Oftroff, or ,ie 
 Copper Idand. The next ifland is Atakou, in the lat. 
 of 52 deg. 45 min. and in the long, of 15 deg. or 16 
 deg. The extent of this ifland is about 1 8 Icigues in 
 the dircdlion of E. and W. and it is perhaps the fame 
 land which Beering fell in with, and to which he gave 
 the name of Moiint St. John. We next come to a 
 cluftcr of fix or more iflandi^ 1 two of which, Amluk and 
 Atghka, are of conlidcrable extent, and each of them 
 7 E has 
 
57° 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES 
 
 COMPLETE. 
 
 Ml; 
 
 m 
 
 m'> 
 
 
 W}- 1 
 
 iMu 
 
 r' 'Ml 
 
 has a ecxxl harbour. The middle of this (;roup lies 
 in the lac. of 5 2 dcg. 30 min. and a 8 dcg. of lone, from 
 the bay of Awatlka, and its extent is about four degrees 
 ih the dircdlion of E. and W. Thefc arc the iflcs that 
 irniyloflf faid were to be removed four degices to the 
 eiftward. In the fituation they have in Captain Cook's 
 chart, was a gmttp, comprehending 10 httle iflands, 
 i*hich we were informed were entirely to be ftruck outi 
 and alfo two idands, fltuatc between them and the 
 group to which Oonalaflika appertains. In the place 
 of thcfc two, an idand, named Amoghta, was intro- 
 duced. 
 
 The fituation of many of thcfc iflands may, perhaps, 
 be crroncoufly laid down. But the pofition ot the lar- 
 geft group, of which Oonalaflika is one of the mofl 
 confiderable iflands, is free from fuch errors. Mod of 
 the iflands that comjwfc this cluftcr, were fcen by us; 
 their long, and lac. were therefore determined with to- 
 Tcrablc accurscy; particularly the harbour of Samg.i- 
 noodha, in Oonalaflika, which mul\ be confidcred as a 
 fixcAf poinc. This group may be faid Co extend as 
 far as Halibut Iflcs, which are forcy leagues diflanc from 
 Oonalaflika, towards the E. N. E. Within thefc iflcs, 
 a pafliigo, communicating with Briflol Hay, was marked 
 in Ifinyloft"'s chart, which convenes abouC 15 leagues 
 of the coaft, that Ciptain Cook had fuppolcd to be 
 part of the continenc, into an iflaiul, named Oonee- 
 mak. This paflagc might calily cfcape us, being, as 
 we were informed, extremely narrow, Inallow, and only 
 to be navigated through with boats, or vclFcIs of very 
 fmail buithcn. From the chart, as well as from the 
 (elliiiiony of Ifinyioft'and his countrymen, it appears, 
 thai this i'. as far as the Ruffians have w.aAc any dif- 
 co\crics, or h.uc extended thcmfclvcs, fiiicc the time 
 ot Bccring. They all anirmcil, that no pcrlons of that 
 nation had fettled thcmCclves fo far to the eallwnrd, as 
 the place where the natives gave the note to Captain 
 Clcrkc; whiih being delivered to Ifiiiylotf for his pe- 
 rufal, he faid, that it had been written at Oonianak. 
 From him we procured the name of Kodiak, the 
 laigcfl ofSihunugin's Iflands; for it ha-^ no name af- 
 figncd to it upon the chart which he 1 "iced. It 
 may nnt be improper to mention, that ni nics were 
 put to the iflands which Ifmyloff faid were i. '• llruck 
 out of the chart; and Captain Cook conliderci 'his as 
 fome contirnwtion that they have no exiftcncc. The 
 American continent is here called by the Ruffians, as 
 well as by the iflandcrs, Alafchka; which appellation, 
 though it properly belongs only to that part which is 
 contiguous to Ooncemak, is made ufc of by them when 
 fpeaking of the American continent in general. This 
 is all the intelligence we obtained from thel'e people, 
 refpcilting the geography of this part of the globe; 
 and perhaps this was all the information they were 
 able to give. For they repeatedly aflurcd Captain 
 Cook, that they knew of no other iflands, befides thofe 
 which were reprefcnted upon this chart, and that no 
 Ruffian hail ever vifited any part of the American con- 
 tinent to the northward, except that which is oppo- 
 Vite the country of the TlVhutfltis. If Mr. Stichlin was 
 not greatly impofcd upon, what coii'd induce him to 
 pubiifli a map folingularly erroneous as his map of the 
 New northern Archipelago, in which many of thefe 
 iflands are jumbled together without the leafV regard to 
 truth ? Neverthelefs, he himfcU flyles it " a vc.-y ac- 
 " curate little map." 
 
 Ifmylotl continued with us till the evening of the 
 21 It, when he took his final leave. Captain Cook en- 
 'trufled to his care a letter to the Ix)rds of the .\dmi- 
 ralty, endofing a chart of all the northern cailh wc 
 had vifited. Ifmylotf f^.id there would be an oppor- 
 tiflnJky'tof traitfmitting it to K,amtrchacka, or Okotlk, in 
 (b^e^od-fc of ;hc fucceeding fpring; and that it would 
 t)c at Petcrlburg the tolloving winter. He gave the 
 Captain a letter to Major Bchm, Governor ot Kamtf- 
 chatka, who refides at Uolcheretik, in that pcninfulai 
 and another to the commanding officer at Pctropi"- 
 llowlka. This gentleman feemed to pjiffcfs abilitic 
 that might entitle him to a higher flation than that m 
 which wc found him. He had confiderable knowledge 
 
 in alironomy, and in the moll ufeful branches of the 
 mathematici. Captain Cook made him a prcfent of an 
 Had ley'* otfhntt and though, perhaps, it was the firlt 
 he had ever fcen, he very quickly made himfelf ac- 
 quainted with mod of the ufes to which that inllru- 
 mcnt can be applied. 
 
 Thurfday the aid, in the morning, we made an at- 
 tempt to get out to fea, with the wind at S. E. but 
 did not fucceed. In the afternoon of the a-jd, wc wert 
 vifited by one Jacob Ivanovitch Sopofnicoit, a Kuflian, 
 who commanded a fmall veflel at Oomanak. I'hit 
 man feemed very modeft, and would drink no (trong 
 li(]uor, of which the other Ruffians, whom we had met 
 with here, were extremely fond. He appeared to know 
 what fupplies could be obtained at the harbour of St. 
 Peter attd St. Paul, and the price of the various articles, 
 more accurately than Mr. Ilmylotf. But by all accounts, 
 every thing wc fliould have occafion to purchafe at that 
 place, was very fcarce, and bore a high price. This 
 man informed us, chat he was to be at Petropaulowflta 
 in the cnfuing May; and, as we underllood, was to have 
 the charge of Captain Cook's letter. He feemed very 
 defirous of having fome token from the Captain to 
 carry to Major Behm; and to gratify him, tl e Capnin 
 fent a fmall fpying-glafs. After we had contracted an 
 acquaintance with thefe Ruffians, feveral of our genclc- 
 men, at different times, vifited their fettlcment on the 
 ifland, where they always met with very friendly treat- 
 ment. It confifled of a dwelling- houfe and two ftorc- 
 houfcs. Befides the Ruffians, there was a number of 
 the Kamtfchadales, and of the Oonalaftikans, as fer- 
 vanis to the former. Some other natives of this ifland, 
 who appeared to be independent of the Ruffians, lived 
 at the fame place. Such of them as belonged to the 
 Ruliians, were all of the male fex; and they arc cither 
 taken or purchafed from their parents when young. 
 There were ac prefcnt about twency of thefe, who could 
 be conlidcred in no other light than as children. They 
 all refiile in the fame houfe, the Ruffians aC the upper 
 end, the Kamtfchadales in the middle, and the Oona- 
 laflikans at the lower end, where is fixed a capacious 
 boiler for preparitig their food, which principally con- 
 fiffs of fifli, with the addition of wild roots and berries. 
 There is no great difference between the firft and lall 
 table, except what is produced by cookery, by which 
 the Ruffians can make indifferent chings palatable. 
 They drefs whale's flefli in fuch a manner as to make it 
 vciv (^'wd eating; and they have a kind of pan-pudding 
 of faimon-roc, beaten up fine and fried, which is a to- 
 lerable fubnitutc for bread. They may, perhaps, oc- 
 calionally tafte real bread, or have a difti in which flour 
 is one of ihe ingredients. If wc except the juice of 
 berries, which they generally fip at their meals, they 
 drink no other liquor than pure water; and it fecms 
 to be very fortunate for chem that they have nothing 
 (Ironger. As the ifland furnifties them with fubfiftcncc, 
 fo it does in fome meafure « ich clothing. This is 
 chiefly compofcd of fltins. The upper garment, which 
 is made like a waggoner's frock, reaches down to the 
 knees. Befides this, they wear a waifcoac or cwo, a pair 
 of breeches, a fur cap, and a pair of boots, the legs of 
 which are formed of fome kind of ftrong gut, but the 
 foles and upper leathers are of Ruffian leatner. Their 
 two Chiefs, IfitiyloH" and Ivanovitch, wore a calico 
 frock; antl they, as well as feveral others, had fliirts 
 oflilk. Manv Ruffians are fettled upon allelic mod 
 confiderable iflands between Karatfchatka and Oona- 
 laflika, for the purpofeof colleding furs. Their prin- 
 cipal object is the fca-beaver or otter; but (kins of in- 
 ferior value aifo make a part of their cargoes. Wc 
 negleikd to enquire how long they have had a fettle- 
 uxnt upon Oonalaflika, and the neighbouring iflands; 
 but if we form our judgment on this point from the 
 great fubjedtion the natives are under, this cannot be of 
 c very late date. Thcfc furriers arc from time to cimc 
 fuccccded by others. Thofe we faw arrived here from 
 OkoCfk in 1776, and were to return m 1781. 
 
 As for the native inhabitants of this illand, they arc 
 to all appearance a very peaceable, inoftenlivc race of 
 peonle; and in point of honefty, they inight fervc as a 
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COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAOE— T» ihe PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 571 
 
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 pattern to (he tno(lcivilixcdMt»ona. But, from wh»t 
 we fkw ol ihcir neighboun, with whom the Kullian* arc 
 unconncdted, we nave fomc doubt whe(li>.r thii wai 
 their original dirpofitioni and arc rather inclined to be 
 of opinion, that it it the confequenceof (heir prelcnt 
 ftate of rubjc^Hon. Indeed, it° we did not miiundcr- 
 (iitnd the RufHana, they had been under the ncceflity of 
 makmg fomc fevere examples before thev could bring 
 the iOandcrt into tolerable order. !<' fcveritiet were 
 realty initiated at firit, the bcft cxcufc for them it, that 
 they have produced the moil beneficial efficdli 1 and, at 
 prefent, tnegrcaiell harmony lubniU between the Kuf- 
 liann ami the nativci. The latter have their own chicfa 
 in each idand, and fecm to enjoy liberty and property 
 without molcllation. Whether they are iriburariet to 
 thr Rulfianf, or not, we could never learnt but we had 
 Ibinr rcafun to ruppofc that they are. 
 
 'Ilic people of Oonalalhka are in general rather low 
 of ftature, but plump, and well (haped. llwir neck* 
 are commonly Ihort, and they have fwarthy chubby 
 facet. They have biai. keyef, and fmallbearda. Theirhair 
 U long, black, and ftraight: the men wear it loofc behind, 
 and cut before t but the women generally tie it up in a 
 bunch. The drefi of both fexet ii the fame with re- 
 (peifl to fa(1)ion, the only diHerence it in the materialt. 
 The frock worn by the women it made of the (kint of 
 feals; and that of the men, uf the Ikint of birdii both 
 reach below the kncet. Thit conDitutci the whole 
 drcft of the fenulet. But, over the frock, the men 
 wear another conuMlVd of gut, which water cannot 
 penetrate; it hat a nood to it, which it drawn aver the 
 nead. Some of them wear b(K>tt| and all of them 
 wear a fort of oval fnouted cap, made of wood, with a 
 rim that admits the head. They dye thefe capi with 
 green ami other colours) and round the upper part of 
 the rim (hey fix the long briOlea of fonie lea animal, 
 on which glaftbcaJHare (Irungi and on the front it a 
 fmall image or two formed of bone. They do not 
 make ufc of paint t but the women puniflure their facet 
 (1i<;htly, and both fexet perforate the lower lip, in 
 which they fix pieces of bone. But it it at unconiinon 
 here to fee a man with this ornament, at to obfcrvc a 
 woman without it. Some fix bcaJs to the upper lip 
 under the nuflrilti and they all fufpeiid ornamcnu in 
 their cart. 
 
 Filh and other fca animals, birds, roott, berries, and 
 even fea-weed, coinpofc their food. They dry quanti- 
 ties of tifli during the fummer, which they lay up in 
 fmall huts for thrirufc in winter; and, probably, they 
 prcfervc berries and roott for the fame feafon of fear- 
 city. Ihcy eat inoft of their provifiont raw. Boiling 
 and broiling were the only methods of cookery that we 
 faw pra<fti(cd among thcmi and the former they in all 
 probability learnt from the Huflians. Some have in 
 their pofTcfTion fmall brafs kettles; and thofc who have 
 not, make one of a Hat llune, with fldetof clay. Cap- 
 tain Cook once happened to be prefent, when the chief 
 of this idand made hit dinner of the raw head of a 
 large halibut, jult caught. Before any part of it was 
 given to the chief, two of his fcrvanttcai the gillt, with 
 no other drelTing than fqueezing out the flimc. After 
 thit, one of them having cut ofl" the head of the filh, 
 took it to the fea,and wallied it, then came with it, and 
 featcd himfelf by the chief; but not before he had pulled 
 up fomc graft, upon a part of which the head wat 
 placed, and the reft was ftrewcd before the chief. He 
 then cut large piecci off the checks, and pyt them 
 within the reach of the chief, who fwalbwcd them 
 with great fatitfadion. When he had fini(hed hit meal, 
 the remaint of the head being cut in piccet, were given 
 to the fcrvants, who tore off the meat with their teeth, 
 and gnawed the bones like fo many dogs. 
 
 As the OonalalTikins ufe no paint, they are Icfs dirty 
 in their perfons than ihofe favages who i^us befmear 
 thcmfelves; but they arc full its filthy in their houfes. 
 Ihe following it their method of building: they dig, in 
 the (jround, an oblong pit, which rarely exceedt titty 
 feet in length, and twenty in breadth j but the dimcn- 
 fioM arc in general fmaller. Over this excavation they 
 form the roof ol wood, which they cover firft with graft. 
 
 and then with earth, fo that the external appearance 
 refemblei a dung-hill. Near each end of the roof i« 
 left a fqutre opening, which admits the light 1 one uf 
 thefe opeoingi being intended only for thu purpufe, and 
 theotncr being alfo ufed to gu in and 01 ' by, with the 
 alTiftancc of a^adder or rather a poA, ,1 which llept 
 arc cut. In Come 01 the houfct tncre it another en- 
 trance bekiw, but thit ia rather uncommon. Hound 
 the lidet and cnda of the habitationt, the families, fc- 
 veral of which dwell together, have their fcparate 
 apartments where they ficep, and fit at work ; nut on 
 henrhrt, but in a fort of concave trench, dug entirely 
 muiHl the infide of the houfe, and covered with matt, fo 
 (hat thit part it kept pretty clean and decent. The 
 fame cannot be faid of the middle of the houfe, which 
 it common to all the familiet. For, though it it co- 
 vered with dry graft, it it a receptailc fur every kiml 
 of dirt, ami the place where the urine trough flandti 
 the ilench of which is by no meant improved by raw 
 hides, or leather, being almoU continually fteepcd in 
 it. Behind, and over the trench, they place tne few 
 cffeifit that they have in their pofleinon, fuch at their 
 matt, fltint, and apparel. Their furniture conliOt of 
 bucket!, cant, wooden bowli, fpoont, m.ittcd balkets, 
 and fumetimeta Ruffian kettle or pot. All thefe utcn« 
 flit are nude in a very neat mi'.aneri and yet we ob< 
 fcrvcd no other twit among them than the knife and the 
 hatchet ; that it, a fmtlt flat piece of iron, made like an 
 adze, by fixing it into a cnxikcd wooden handle. 
 
 Though the Riilliant live amon^ thefe people, we 
 found ivuch left iron in poffeffion ol the latter, than w« 
 hud met with itinoiig other iribet on the neighbouring 
 continent o|' America, who had never I'cen the RulTiant, 
 nor pcrhapt had any intercuurfe with them. Probably 
 a few Ix'.idt, and a fmall ouantity of tobaciu ami fnuff. 
 purchafe all they have to (pare. There arc few of them 
 that do not both fmokc and chew tobacco, and take 
 fnuff. They did not appear to be very dciirout of more 
 iron, or to want any other indrumentt, except fewing 
 needlct, their own being funned of bone. With theic 
 they few their cinoes, and make their clothes, and i\fo 
 work very curiout embroidery. They ufc, indead of 
 thread, the Hbres of linews, which they fplit to the 
 thicknef^ which is required. All fewing it performed 
 by the females. They arc the flioe-makers, taylors, 
 and boiU-builders, or boat^overcrt; for the men, in 
 .-ill probability, conftrud the wooden frame, over which 
 the Ikint are fewed. They nunufadurc matt, and 
 balkett of graft, which are both (\rong and Ixautiful. 
 I'hcre it, indeed, a neatnefs and perfection in moft of 
 their work, that ihewt they are neither deficient in in- 
 genuity nor perfeverance. We did not obfervc a fire- 
 place in any one of their habitations. I'hcy are lighted, 
 at well at heated, by lampt; which, though fimpTe, ef- 
 fedtually anfwer the purpofe for which they are in- 
 tended. They confifl of a flat flonc, hollowed on one 
 fide like a plate; in the holk>w part they put the oil, 
 mixed with fomc dry graft, which ferves for a wick. 
 Both fexet often warm tbcmfelvet over one of thefe 
 lampt, by placing it between their legt, under their 
 fnrments, and fitting thus over it for fcveral minutes. 
 Thefe Dcople produce fire both by coUifion and attri- 
 tion; thefirft by flriking two flonea againfl each other, 
 on one of which a quantity of brimllonc has been pre- 
 vioufly rubbed. The latter method is performed by 
 means of two pieces of wood, one of which is flat, 
 and the other is a flick of the length of about a foot 
 and a half. They prefs the pointed end of the flick upon 
 the other piece, whirling it nimbly round as a drill, and 
 thus fire is procured in a few minutes. This method is 
 common in nuny countries. It is not only pradlifcd 
 by thefe people, but alfo by the Kamtfchadalcs, the 
 Grecnlanders, the Otahciteans, the New Hollanders, 
 and the Brazilians, and probably by other nations. 
 Some men of learning and genius have founded an ar. 
 gumenton this cuftom, to prove that this and that na- 
 tion are of the fame cxtradion. But cafual agreements, 
 in a few particular inftances, will not wholly authorize 
 fuch a condufion ; nor, on the other hand, will a dif- 
 ogrc^ment, either in manners or cuilomt, between two 
 
 differeiu 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i;rl Y: 
 
 different nations, proVe of courfe that they are of dif- 
 ferent ektraAioit. We faw no oflTenfive, nor even de- 
 fenflve wcapbn among the natives of CkHwU«<hlu> It 
 can Tcarcely beflippowd that the Ruflktns found them 
 infuch adefencelcis (hte t it is rather to be iitaagined, 
 that, for their own Tecurity, they havedifarmed them. 
 Political motives, likcwife, mav have induced the Ruf- 
 fians not to permit thefe iflanders to have any large ca- 
 noesi for we can hardly believe they had none fucn ori- 
 Einally, as we found them among all their neighboun. 
 However, we obfcryed none here except two or three 
 that belongedfo the Ruflians. 
 
 lliecanoeMn ufe imong the natives, are fmallcr than 
 any oF thofe we had feen upon the coad of America, 
 from \vhich, however, they differ but little in their con- 
 ftruAion. The form of thefe terminates fomewhat 
 abnntly; the head is forked, and the upper point of 
 the fork projeds without the under one, which is level 
 with the furfiice of the water.. It is remarkable that 
 they fhouldthusconftruA thern, for the fork generally 
 catches hold of every thing that comes in the way; to 
 prevent which, they fix a piece of fmall ftick from one 
 point to the other. In other rsfpeds they build their 
 canoes after the manner of thofe of the EH]uimaux and 
 Greenlanders i the frame being of (lender laths, and the 
 covering of the (kins of feals. They are about twelve 
 fixt in length, eighteen inches in breadth in the mid- 
 dle, and twelve or fourteen inches in depth. They 
 fometimes carry two perfons, one of whom (its in the 
 feat, or round hole, which is nearly in the middle t and 
 the other is (httched at full length in the canoe. Round 
 this hole is a rim or hoop of wood, abmit which gut- 
 (kin is fewed, which can be drawn together, or opened 
 like a puric, with leathern (Irings fitted to the outer 
 edge. The man (its in this place, draws the (kin tight 
 about his body over his gut-frock, and brings the ends 
 of the thongs, or purfe-urings, tight round nis wrifts; 
 and it being dofc round his neck, and the hood being 
 drawn over his htai^ where his cap confines it, water 
 cannot eafily pene^tc, either into the canoe, or to his 
 body. If, hwi^ever, any water (hould fmd means to in- 
 finuate itfelf, the boatman dries it up with a piece of 
 fpunge. He makes ufe of a double-bladcd paddle, 
 which is held with both hands in the middle, (triking 
 the water fird on one fide, and then on the other, with a 
 quick rq;ular motion. Thus the canoe is impelled at a 
 great rate, and in a direfUon perfedtly ftraight. In fail- 
 ing from Eeoochlhak to Samgaooedha, though our 
 (hip went at the rate of feven miles an hour, two or three 
 canoes kept pace with her. Their implements for 
 hunting and (Uhing lie ready upon their canoes, under 
 flraps fixed for the purpofe. They are all extremely 
 well made of wood and hont^ and are not very different 
 fiom thofe ufed by the Greenlanden. The only dif- 
 ference is in the point of the milTile dart; which, in 
 fome that we faw at this ifland, does not exceed an inch 
 inlenfRhs whereas thofe of the Greenlanders, accord- 
 ing toCnntz, ire about eighteen inches long. Indeed 
 thefe dam. aawell as fome others of their inftruments, 
 are extremdif curious. Their darts are generally made 
 of fir, and ire about four feet in length. The bird, fifh, 
 or other animal is no (boner (Iruck, than the pointed 
 bone flips out of the (bcket, but remains fixed in its 
 body by means of the barb. The dart then ferves as a 
 float to trace the animal, and alfo contributes tofiitigue 
 it confiderably, fo that it is eafily taken. They throw 
 thefe darts by the afSftance of a thin piece of wood, 
 twelve or fourteen inches long; the middle of this is 
 n ightly hollowed, for the better reception of the weapon t 
 and at the termination of the hollow, which does not 
 extend to the end, is fixed a (hort pointed piece of 
 bone, to prevent the dart from flipping. Tiie other 
 extremity is fiimilhed with a hole for the reception of 
 the five-fiiwer, and the fides are made to coincide with 
 th<- other m^n end thumb, in order to grafp with 
 gteawrlinnnefs. The natives throw thefe dartt to the 
 didanoe of nghty or ninety ^ardi, with g[reat force and 
 dexterity, "niey are exceedut^expert in ftrilung fi(h, 
 both in the Tea, and in rivers. They alfo ufe hooks and 
 lines, neu and wean. The lines are fenncd of twilled 
 finewi, and the hooks of bone. 
 
 Whales, porpoifes, grampufes, halibut, fword-filh, 
 falmon. trout, cod, foals, nat-ftih, and fcveral other 
 forts, are found here; and there may be many more that 
 we had not an onportunity of fecinv. Salmon and ha- 
 libut appear to be in the greatefl plenty; and onthe«i 
 the people of thefe ifles principally fublift; at Icafl, 
 they were the only fort of fifli, except cod, that we ob- 
 ferved to be laid up for their winter florc. Seals, and 
 all that tribe of fea aninui)|t are ""^ ^° numerous as 
 they are in many other feas. Nor can this be thought 
 furprizing, fincc there is hardly any part of the coaft, 
 on either continent, nor any of thefe illands, fituace be- 
 tween them, but what is inhabited, and whofe inhabi- 
 unts hunt thefe animals for their food and clothing. 
 Sea-hor(es are, indeed, to be found in prodigious num- 
 bers about the ice; and the fea-otter is fcarce any 
 where to be met with but in this f«a. An animal was 
 fometimes feen by us, that blew afier the manner of 
 whales. It had a head refembling that of a feal. It 
 was larger than that animal, and its colour was white, 
 with dark fpots interfperiiid. This was perhaps the 
 manati, or fea-cow. 
 
 Water fowls are neither found here in fuch numbers, 
 norinfuch variety, as in the northern parts of the At- 
 lantic Ocean. However there arc fome in thcfc pans, 
 that we do not recolledt to have feen in other countries; 
 particularly the aica monochroa of Stellcr, and a black 
 and white deck, which we judge to be different from 
 the (lone-duck that Kra(henmikoff hasdcfcribcd in his 
 Hifloty of Kamtfchatka. All the other birds we faw 
 are mentioned by this author, except fome which we 
 obferved near the ice; and the greatcft part of thefe, 
 if not all, have been dcfcribed by Martin, in his voyage 
 to Greenland. It is fomewhat extraordinary, that pen- 
 guins, which are fo frequently met within many parts 
 of the world, (hould not be found in this fea. Alba- 
 tro(fes too are extremely Icarce here. The few land 
 birds feen by us are the fame with thofe of Europe; 
 but there were probably many others which we had no 
 opportunity of obferving. A very beautiful bird was 
 (hot in die woods at Norton Sound ; which, we undcr- 
 (land, is fometimes found in England, and known by 
 the appellation of chatterer. Our people faw other 
 fmall birds there, but in no great abundance or variety; 
 fuch as the bullfinch, the wood-pecker, the yellow, 
 finch, and tit-moufe. 
 
 Our excurfionsand obfervations being confined to the 
 fea coaft, we cannot be expedled to have much know- 
 ledge of the animals or vegetables of the country. 
 There are few other infetfls befides mufquitoes. and we 
 faw few reptiles except lizards. There are no deer at 
 Oonalaflika, or any of the neighbouring iflands ; nor 
 are there any domeflic animals, not even dogs. Wea- 
 fels and foxes were the only quadrupeds we obferved ; 
 but the natives told us, that thev had likcwife hares, 
 and the marmottas mentioned by Krafheninikoff. 
 Hence it appean, that the inhabitants procure the 
 gieateft (hare of their food from the fea and rivers. 
 They are alfo indebted to the fea for all the wood which 
 they ufe for building, and other ncccflary purpofcs ; as 
 there is not a tree to be feen growing upon anv of the 
 iflands, nor upon the neighbouring coaft of the con- 
 tinent. The feeds of plantt are faid to be conveyed, 
 by various means, from one part of the world to ano- 
 ther; even to iflands lying in the midft of extenfive 
 oceans, and far diftant from any other lands. It is 
 therefore remarkable, that there are no trees growing on 
 this part of the /'American continent, nor upon any of 
 the adjacent Iflea. They are doubdefs as well fituatcd 
 for leceivii^ keit, by the various ways we have heard 
 of, as thofe coafts which have plenty of wood. Nature 
 has, perhaps, denied to fome foils the power of raifing 
 tites; without the afliftance of art. With refped to 
 riie dri<U«bad. upon the flwres of thefe iflands, we 
 have no doubt of its coming from America. For 
 thou^ thei« may be none on the neighbouring coafl, 
 A fufficient quantity may grow farther up the coun- 
 try, which may be broken loofe by torrents in the 
 (pdtOi and brought down to the fea; and not a little 
 ma* be conveyedfrom the woody coafts, though fitu- 
 ' . atcd 
 
 I 
 
 ^' 
 
T/;^/ Inside ^^HousE.<r^v^^MoRAi,y;gATOoi 
 
 t, fword-fini, 
 fcveral other 
 iny more that 
 Imon aiid ha> 
 and onthrvi 
 lift; at Icaft. 
 that we ob> 
 . Seals, and 
 numerous as 
 is be thougitt 
 of the coaft, 
 Is, fituate be- 
 hofe inhabi- 
 ind clothing, 
 ligious num- 
 j fcarce any 
 I animal was 
 ; manner of 
 fa feal. It 
 jr was white, 
 perhaps the 
 
 ich numbers, 
 a of the At- 
 t tbefc pans, 
 cr countries; 
 and a black 
 liferent from 
 cribcd in his 
 >irds we faw 
 c which we 
 art of thefc, 
 in his voyage 
 iry, that pen- 
 many parts 
 fea. Alba- 
 he few land 
 ; of Europe; 
 h we had no 
 ful bird was 
 I, we under- 
 id known by 
 le faw other 
 :e or variety; 
 the yellow- 
 
 mfined to the 
 much know- 
 the country, 
 toes, and we 
 'e no deer at 
 
 iflands; nor 
 logs. Wea- 
 ve obferved} 
 tcwife hares, 
 alheninikofF. 
 
 procure the 
 a and rivers. 
 : wood which 
 purpofes; as 
 n any of the 
 
 of the con. 
 )c conveyed, 
 vorld to ano- 
 
 of extehlive 
 lands. It i* 
 :b growing on 
 
 upon any of 
 well (ituated 
 
 have heard 
 od. Nature 
 er of raifing 
 :h refpeft to 
 ; iflands, wc 
 nerica. For 
 xirtng cocft, 
 p the coun. 
 tents in the 
 
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 though fttu* 
 
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 COOK^ TBIRP tad I^ST VOYAO&¥-T» itw PACIFIC OCEAN> &c. 573 
 
 GhriftiMUt Our people weic not To fcrupuItHu 1, wv) 
 ibme of them ha4 rev**" to repent that the fcipaliai of; 
 Oonalslbfcft Cftfiounwed thejr ^^p^t wit^wt any 
 refl!rv«i,liir their health t^ffefd by a dtftcqtper that 
 iino^>unli«^wi) iKrc. '. , 
 
 med at ■ man eonfidtrabh diftance. Bm plam* are 
 to be found in great variety at Qoriaialhka. Several of 
 them are fuch aa ive tiMd withiin Europe, and a(5» in, 
 Newfoundland^ and other pint of Actiericai and' 
 «tfier> of th«m< iwkich ;artt rikewifc found in Kamtf'« 
 clHitka, u««attii hv tiw iMtiyei both there and here. 
 Of theft, KniheainikofFha* favoured us with defcrip. 
 dont. The principal one it the Sarannc. or lily root 1 
 whkh la abaut aa large at a root of garlick, round, and 
 compoftd.of a number of fmall clovrt and grains. 
 Vmven beilBd it fomewhat reftmblct faloop; the tafte 
 of it it not difagreeable. It doei not appm to bf in 
 gicat abundance. Amorigthe food of the nati vet we 
 ihay reckon feme other wild rootsi the (talk of a plant 
 not unlike anodicai and berries of different fpeciei, 
 fuch u cranberries, huitle.-berriet, brambl«.be«ries, 
 and haub4>erriett befldei a fmall red berry, which, 
 in Newfoundland, it denominated partridge berry 1 
 and aaother brown berry, with which we were unac- 
 quarated. This has. fiMnewhit of the tafte of a floe, 
 nit i| diflbrent from it in every other refpeft. When 
 eaten in a conflderable quantity it it very tiftringent. 
 Bnuidy ih^r be diftilled from it. Captain Gierke eor 
 deavottved to picferve foroei but they fermented, and 
 became at ftreng at if th^ had.beeA ftccped in fpirits. 
 There were feveral plants which were fervjceablc to us, 
 but are not ufod either by the Ruffians or natives, fuch 
 at wild purflaiiii pea.topS; a. kind of (curvy graft; 
 crdTcs I and fiime others. On the low ground, and in 
 the valleys is plenty of Krftfs, which grows very thick, 
 and to a great length. Among the inhabitants, native 
 fiilphur was fecn, but we had no opportunity of Icam- 
 iflg where they (pK it. We found aifo ochre ; a (tone 
 that givet a purple colour; and another that gives a 
 very good green. In iu natural ftate it it of a greyi(h 
 green ookiur, eoarfe, and heavy. It diflblvca eaiily in 
 oil. but it entirefarlofet iti u^jperties when put into water. 
 It lienned tobefcarceinOonalaihka, but, weweiv tdd, 
 if was in greater iricn^ in the ifland of Oonemak. 
 
 The inhabitants of Oonala(hka bury their dead on 
 the fummits of hills, iTnd taife n littk hillock over their 
 mvcs. There was one of thefe recepucles of thedead 
 if the Me of thc^raad leaditu from the harbour to the 
 vilhge, over whKh'was railed a heap of (loncs. It 
 was dbferved that cvoy one who paiTed it added 
 one to it. In the country, we faw feveral ftone 
 hillocks, thatfeemed to have been raifcd by art » and 
 many of them were apparently of great *ntiquity. Thefe 
 pe(^ are renuirkaMy chearful and friendly amoi^ 
 c*ch other; and alwaya behaved with great civility to 
 US. The Rufliam told ut, that they never luid any con^ 
 nedtiona with their women, becaufo they were not 
 
 i.no^i'u,-...'.... ..T.,.., . , , , ,; 
 
 We.hcve hadocculion to meoKion fr^q^einfy, m>m, 
 the time of our arrival in Prince William's Sound, how 
 remarkably the natives ^n this north.-wc(t fide of AmC' 
 rit^a, relemble the jGreenlanders and Efquimeaux, i^ 
 various particulars; lOf perfon, dreis, weapons, canoes, 
 afid the like. We were,' however, much iefs (truck 
 with this, thtn with the affinity fubfifting between ttw 
 dialedls of the Qreenlandert and E^qujmaux, and thoic 
 of Oonala(hka and Norton'i Sound. But we muft 
 obferve, with refpctSt to the words which were colledcd 
 by ut on this (ide of America, that too much ftrclt is 
 not to be laid upon their being accurately rcprefentedi 
 for. after the death of Mr. Andcrfon, we had few who. 
 totdc any great degree of pains about fuch matters ; and, 
 we have often found that the fame word, written down 
 by two or more perfons, from the mouth of the fame 
 native, differed conliderably, on being compared tor 
 aether. Ncvertheleft, enoi^h ia c^ruin to authorize 
 mit judgment, that there is great reafon to fuppofe, 
 that all thefe nationa are of the iame extradion ; and if 
 that be the ca(e, there is little doubt of there being a 
 • northern communication ty fea, between the weltern 
 fide of America, and the eaftern fide, through Baffin's 
 Bay; which communication, however, is perhaps ef> 
 fedually (hut up againft (hips, by ic^, and other ob- 
 ftmdions; fuch, at leaft, was Cbptain ([look's opinion 
 at this time. 
 
 . In thefe parts the tides are not very confiderable, 
 except in Cook's River. The flood tomes from the 
 S. or S. E. following the diredion of the coaft to the N. 
 W. Between Cape Prince of Wales and Norton Sound 
 we found a current fctting towards the N. W. particu- 
 larly off that Cape, and within Sledge Ifland. This 
 current, however, extended but a little way from the 
 coall, and was neither confident nor uniform. To 
 t|M;N. of Cape Prince of Wales, weobferved neither 
 tidei'nor. current, either on the coaft of America, or 
 that of A(ia. . "This circuraftancc gave rife to an opi- 
 nion, which fome of our people entertained, that the 
 two coafts were.,conneaed either by land or ice; and 
 that opinion received fome degree of ftrength, fram 
 our nefer paving any hollow waves from the north- 
 ward, andjfrom our feeing ice ahnoft the whole way 
 acrofs. From the feveral obfervations made during 
 our continuance in the harbour of Samganoodha, its 
 latitude is 53 deg. 5 min.*N. and iu longitude 193 d». 
 a^min. 4S»ec.E. ... „ ^ 
 
 ■ , CHAP. XIII. 
 
 S^i!-5f,S fcl^/*'r ^'""''j t"'' "^ TT^^' "» *»*^ ^ Diftfroery-^Mmvte, ci, of the SandwicbSd,. 
 C^t^lZfiSl" 't^' '^i rrrre»b»-Amberifbmi, c^lbdOwfybi. dijtm^d^rbe ere^ nfufe //SvL 
 
 ^J^CtE. " ^- T^^^/ '^ tJl^nd-hj^d hy the Difitven-tbe tm JtL mbar in wSK 
 
 A^AT^^iSrA'^^^^f^'^irT'^ fi'^' /-mwwW iy /Ar mJives^Defpolic i^tbmiy of The tUih oierilSZ 
 i 2KL^;;!5^ 5~'/ S*r, ^f^^'^-O^^ mad, /. (kptci/&:i^J!,tL, #r.«4^ZS 
 «r wMf A tktf m placed taiaofd-^Metbod tf curing meal in tn^al cHmates. *^^ 
 
 |N Mqwhyg the 36th of Oftobcr, we failed 
 ,^J nnm SwMtndodha harbour, when, the wind 
 J^-^^ng foutfcerly, we ftood to the weftward." 
 ^%"^?°'"*" ««»«»»«♦ wu to proceed to Sand- 
 !!!2Lu"!?** ^,'**^*» K« * ftw of the winter 
 inoBtta there, if «c flwiiM meet with the neceffary 
 refreqimentt, and thea dii^a our courfe to Kamt- 
 
 icmtka 
 
 die 
 
 mined , ——«-..,,,. tu ,„„,„- ,„„,,, 
 
 "*itof^" Ckriie infttt«^<iiiilaftcej^i<^ idtaftor 
 
 feparation. Sandwich libndt beit^ appointed for die 
 fltft place of rendeavbut s ud for die fecond, Petro- 
 
 Gulow(ka, in Kamtfclaaka. Hkviiig got out of tho 
 rbour, tht wind veered to the S. B. with which w«' 
 'were cained-to the weArm pen of Qonakflika. Iw the 
 evening.^ We had here th£ wind at S. and fttcnshcd 
 to the W«ilw«rd. On Tud% the aTthi at fevfcn o'olocfc 
 A. M. we ^tntt, and ftood to ilitf fi. The wind hi^notr 
 fo gready included, aa to rednee us to our dme cow. 
 fca. Itbtew in hewry fijuaHs, acewRiNMie<i^witliihow. 
 hail, and nin. Onttae atdi. iit dMUieniii^ Oomk. 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
574 
 
 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 lafhka bore S. E. four Icaguct diftant. We now ftood 
 to the weftward i but, towards evening, the wind, after 
 it had for a (hort lime abated, got inlcnflbly to the N. 
 £. increafing to a vcrjr hard gale, accompanied with 
 rain : we therefore ftcercd firil to the foumward^ and 
 then, at the wind inclined to the N. and N. W, more 
 wenerly. On Thurfday the 26th. at half-paft fix, A. M. 
 land was defcricd, fuppofed to be the ifland of Amoghta. 
 At eight, finding it not in our power to weather the 
 iflano, we gave over plying, ana bore away, with the 
 view of going to the N. ofOonalafhka, not prefiinoing 
 in fo hard a gale of wind to attempt a palTagc to the S. 
 £. of it. When we bore away, the land extended from 
 E. by S. half S. to S. S. W. diftant four leagues. Our 
 lat. was 53 deg. 38 min. and our long. 1 91 dee. 1 7 min. 
 which gives a very different fituation to this ilTand from 
 that awgncd to it upon the RuHian maps and Captain 
 Cook was at a lofs to determine whether it was Amoghta 
 or not; but on the chart, Krenitzen's and Lcvaflietf's 
 voyage, in 1 768 and 1 769, an ifland called Amuckta is 
 laid down, not very far Irom the place here afligned to 
 Amoghta by Captain Cook. As we were fteering to the 
 N. E, at II o'clock we difcovered a rock, elevated like 
 a tower, bearing V. N. E. about four leagues dillant, 
 and fituatcd in lat. 53 deg. 57 min. long. 191 deg. 2 
 min. This rock is not marked in the Rulnan ntap, pro- 
 duced by Ifmylotf; yet it has a place in the chart of 
 Krenitzen's and Lrvalhctf's voyage. That chart alfo 
 agrees with Captain Cook's, as to the general poficion 
 ot this group of iflands. The lingularly indented fliorcs 
 of the ifland of Oonalaflika, arc renrefentcd in both 
 charts nearly alike. Thefe circumftanccs are worthy 
 of notice, as the more modern Rufllan maps of this Ar- 
 chipelago are fo exceedingly erroneous. At three in the 
 afternoon, we had in view Oonalaflika; upon which we 
 fhortened fail, and hauled the wind, being unable to run 
 through the palTage before night. Friday, the 20th, 
 we had a very hard gale at W. N. W. with heavy fqualls 
 and frtow, infomuch that we were compelled to bear 
 away under courfes, and clofe-reefed top-fails. At noon, 
 we were about the middle of the (trait, between Oona- 
 laflika and Oonclla, the harbour of Samganoodha, bear- 
 ing S. S. E. one league diftant. At three o'clock, P. M. 
 we were through the ftrait, and clear of the ifles. Cape 
 Providence bearing W. S. W. diflant three leagues. 
 
 On Sunday, the ift of November, the wind was fa- 
 vourable, and we ftood to fca. The weather was fairer 
 than it had been at any time lincc we cleared Samga- 
 noodha Harbour, as it is called iw the Ruflians, or Pro- 
 vidence Bay, as it was named by Captain Cook. On the 
 2d, the wind was at S. and, in the evening, blew a vio- 
 lent ftorm, which occalioned us to bring to. Several 
 guns were fired by the difcovery, which we immediately 
 anfwered. We loft fight of her at eight o'clock i i»r 
 did ftie join us till ten the next morning, being the 3d. 
 On Saturday the 7th, in lat. 4a deg. 12 min. long. 2qi 
 deg. 26 min. E. a fliag, or cormorant, flew often round 
 the fliip. As it is not common for thefe kind of birds 
 to go »r from land, we concluded ther» might be fome 
 at no great diftance, though we did not difcovcr any. 
 Having but little wind, Capuin Clerke came on board 
 with fome melancholy intelligence. He informed us, 
 that the fecond night after we had drpancd from Pro- 
 vidence Bay, or Samganoodha, the main-tack of the 
 Difcovery gave way, by which accident John Mackin- 
 tofli, fcamAn, was ftruck dead, and the boatfwain, with 
 three other mariners, much wounded. He added, that 
 on the 3d, his fliip having fprung a leak, and the rig- 
 ging received confidcrable damage, he fired fome guns 
 aa a fignal for the R^ution to bring to, On the 8th 
 we were favoured with a gende breeze at N. attended 
 with clear weather. On the 9th, we had eight hours 
 adm I to which fucceeded a wind from the i>. accom- 
 
 Enicd with fair weather. Such of our people as could 
 ndle a needle, were now empfoyed to repair the failsi 
 and the carpenters were.dire(5ted to put ^hc boats in or- 
 der. Thurfday, the i ath, wc obferved in lat. 38 deg. 
 14 min. lon^. 206 deg. 17 min. The wind returned 
 back to the northward ; and on Sunder the 1 5 th, in la;. 
 33 «l*8' 30 ""»"»• '^ veered to the E. Wc now faw a tro- 
 
 
 pic bird, and a dolphin, the flrft we had obfervcd in 
 our paflkge. On Tuefday. the 17th, the wiikl was fouth- 
 ward, at which-point it remained till the 19th, in the 
 afiernoon, *wlieh it was fuddenly brought round by the 
 W. to the N, The wind increafcd to a very ttroi^ 
 gile, and brought ut under double-reefed top-lails. We 
 were now in Tat. 32 deg. 26 min. long. 207 deg. 30 
 min. E. In lowering the main top-fail, in order to red; 
 it, the violence of the wind tore it out of the foot-rc^, 
 and it was fplit in fcveral parts. Wc got, however, 
 another topJail to the yard the next morning. Thia 
 gale proved to be the forerunner of the trade.wind,i 
 which, in lat. 25 deg. veered to the E. and £. S.E. 
 We ftecred to the fouthward till Wednefday. the 25th, 
 when we were in lat. 20 deg. cf min. On the 26th, ac 
 day-break, we difcovered land, extending from S. S. E. 
 to W. At eight o'clock wc ftood for it, when it ex- 
 tended torn S. E. half S. to W. the ncareft part being 
 about two leagues diftant. We now perceived that our 
 difcovery of the group of Sandwich iflands had been very 
 impc-rfcct, thofc which we had vifited in our progrela 
 northward, all lying to the leeward of our prclcnt rta- 
 tion. An elevated hill appeared in the country, whofe 
 fuminit rofc above the cfouds. The land from this bill 
 tell in a gradual Hope, terminating <n a ftcep rock/ 
 coaft: the fea breaking againft it in a moft dreadful 
 I'urtl Unable to weather the ifland, we bore up, and 
 ranged to the weftward. We now perceived people on 
 many parts of the ftiore; alfo fevcrai houfes and planta- 
 tions. The country appeared to be well fupplicd with 
 wood and water, and running ftrcams were Icen in va- 
 rious places, falling into the lea. It being of the utmoft 
 importance to procure a fupply of provilions at thefe 
 iflands, which could not be accomplilhed, Ihould a free 
 trade- with the natives be permitted; for this realbn, 
 the Commodore publiflied an order, prohibiting all pcr- 
 fons on board the ftiips from trading, except thofc that 
 Ihould be appointed bv himfelf and Captain Clerke; 
 and even thefe were unacr limitations of trading only 
 for provilions and refrefliments. Injundions were alio 
 laid againlt admitting women into the fliips, under Cer- 
 tain rcftridions; but the evil intended to have been 
 prevented by this regulation, had already got amongft 
 them. At noon, the coaft extended from S. 81 deg. i£. 
 to N. 56 deg. W. A low flat, like an ifthmus, bore S. 
 42 deg. W. the neareft fliorc being four miles diftant. 
 Our lat. was now 20 deg. 59 min. our long. 203 deg. 50 
 min. E. Some canoes came otf, and when alung-iide, 
 many of thofc who were in them, entered the fliip with- 
 out helitation. We foon perceived that they were of the 
 fame nation asthofe iflandcrs more to the leeward, whoan 
 we had already vifited ; and, as we underltood, they 
 were no ftrangcrs to our having been in thefe parts be- 
 fore. It was indeed too evident; thefe people having 
 got the venereal difcafe among them, which they pro- 
 Oibly contraded by an intercourfe with their neigh* 
 hours, after we had left them. Our vifitors fupplied 
 us with a quantity of cuttle-fifli, in exchange for nails 
 and iron. 'They brought but a fmall quantity of fruit or 
 losts, but faid they had plenty of them on their ifland, 
 as well as of hogs and fowls. The horizon being clear, 
 in the evening, we fuppofed the wefternmoft land that 
 we could fee to be an liland. diftin£t from that oif which 
 we oow were. Expedting the natives would return the 
 next day, with the produce of their ifland, we plied off 
 the whole night, and ftood clofe in fliore the next morn- 
 ing^ We were at firft vifited by a few only, but towards 
 noon numbers of them appeared, bringing with them 
 poutoes, urro, bread-fruit, plantains, and fmall pigs ; 
 all of which were bartered for iion tools and nails, we 
 having few other articles to give them. We made mu- 
 tual exchanges till four in the afternoon, at which time 
 they had difpofed of all their cargoes, and not cxprefs- 
 ing any inclination to fetch more, we inuncdiately made 
 fait 
 
 On Monday, the 30th, in the afternoon, being off 
 the N. E. end of the ifland, fome more canoes came olf. 
 Moft of thefe belonged to Terrceoboo, a chief, who 
 came in one of thctn. He inade the Commodore a 
 prcfcnc of three pigS{ and wc procured a little fruit by 
 
 bartering 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 575 
 
 fervcd in 
 tias (buth- 
 h, in the 
 id by the 
 y ttrong 
 ails. We 
 dcg. 30 
 er to red: 
 
 bartering with his people. In about two hours they 
 all left US, except fcven pcrfont who chofc to remain on 
 board. Soon after, a double failing canoe arrived to 
 attend upon them, which we towed aftern the whole 
 night. In the evening, another iiland was feen to the 
 windward, called, by the natives, Owhyhce. That 
 which we had been off for fome days, was called Mo- 
 wce. 
 
 OnTuefday, the ift of December, at eight o'clock 
 A. M. Owhyhee extended fromS, 22 dcg. IL to S. 12 
 deg. W. and Mowee from N. 41 dcg. to N. 81 dcg. 
 w. Perceiving we could fetcf Owhyhce, we ftood for 
 it, when our viutors from Mowic :houghc proper to 
 embark in their canoes, and went afliore. We fpcnt the 
 night, (landing off and on the north fide of Owhyhee. 
 On the 2nd, in the morning, to our great furprizc, we 
 law the fummits of the mountains covered with fuow. 
 Though they were not of an extraordinary height, the 
 fnow, in fome places, appeared to be of a conuderable 
 depth, and to nave remained there fome time. As we 
 drew near the (hore fome of the natives approached us, 
 who appeared a little fliy at firfl; but we prevailed on 
 ibme of them to come on board ; and at length pre- 
 vailed on them to return to the ifland to bring us fuch 
 refrefhments as we wanted. After thefe had reached 
 the (hore, we had plenty of company, who brought lA 
 a tolerable fupply of pigs, fruit, and roots. Wc traded 
 with them till fix in the evening, when we ftood off, in 
 order to ply to windward round the ifland. In the 
 evening of the 4th, an eclipfc of the moon was obfcrvcd. 
 Mr. King ufcd, for the purpofe of obfervation, a night- 
 telefcope, with a circular aperture at the objedl end. 
 The Commodore obferved with the tclefcope of one 
 of Ramfden's fextants. The mean of their obferva- 
 tions made our longitude to be 204 dcg. jc min. E. 
 Sunday, the 6th, in the evening, being near the (hore, 
 and (ive leagues farther up the coaft, wc again traded 
 with the natives; but receiving only a trifling fupply, we 
 flood in the next morning, when the number of our vi- 
 litors was confiderable. We had now procured pork, 
 fruit, and roots, fuflicient toferve us four or five days; 
 we, therefore, made fail, and (lill plied to the windward. 
 Among other (lores, the Commodore had procured a 
 great quantity of fugar-cane; and having, upon trial, 
 difcovercd, that a decodion of it made very paKitable 
 liquor, he ordered fome of it to be brewed for our (hip's 
 fervice t but on broaching a ca(k thereof, not one of 
 the crew would even tafte it. Captain Cook having no 
 other motive in preparing this beverage, than that of 
 preferving our fpirits for a colder climate, neither ex- 
 erted his authority, nor had recourfe to perfuafion, to 
 induce them to drink it, well knowing that, fo long as 
 ¥K could be plentitully fupplied with other vegetables, 
 there was no danger of the fcurvy. But that he might 
 not have his intention fruOrated, he ordered that no 
 grog (hould be ferved in either of the two (hips. The 
 Commodore and his officers continued to drink this fu- 
 gar-cane beer, whenever materials could be procured 
 for brewing it. Some hops, which we had on board 
 improved it much ; and, it was, doubtlefs, extremely 
 wholefome; though our inconfiderate crew, could not 
 be perfuaded, but it mud be injurious to their health. 
 About the banning of this month, the crew of the 
 Difcovery being much in want of provifions. Captain 
 Clerke, againft nis inclination, was under the necedity 
 of fubftituting ftock (i(h in the room of beef; but they 
 were no fooner well in with the land, than they were 
 vifttcd by many of the inhabitants, who came oflf in 
 their canoes, with all forts of provifions, which their 
 ifland afforded t and every man had leave to purchafe 
 what he could for his own indulgence. This diflfufed 
 ajoy amot^ the mariners that is not eafy to be cxprefied. 
 From a fullennefs and difcontent. vifible in every coun- 
 tenance, all waschearfulnefs, mirth and jollity. Fre(h 
 provifions and kind fentalea are the failors fole delight 1 
 and when in polTellion of thefe, paft hardfliips are in- 
 fiantly forgotten ; even thofe whom the fcurvy had at- 
 tacked, and rendered alnwil lifelefs. brightetied up on 
 this occatton, and for the moment appeared alert. We 
 muft here oibfervr, that innovations, of whatever kind 
 
 on board a (hip, are fure to meet with the difapproba- 
 tion of the feamen, though even to their advantage. 
 Our portable foup and four krout were condemned, at 
 firft, as improper food for human beings. " Few com- 
 manders have introduced more ufeful varieties of food 
 and drink into their (hips than Captain Cook has done : 
 few others, indeed, have had the opportunities, or have 
 been driven to the neceflity of trying fuch experiments. 
 It was nevcrthclefs, owing to certain deviations from 
 c(tabli(hcd culloms and pradUce, that he was eiu.blcd, 
 in a great degree, to prcfcrve his people from the fcurvy, 
 a diltomper that has often made more havock in peace- 
 ful voyages, than the enemy in military expeditions. 
 
 Sunday, the 13th, having hitherto kept at fome dif- 
 tance from the coafi, we now ftood in, fix leagues more 
 to the windward; and, after trading with fuch of the 
 natives as came off to us, returned to fca. On the 
 i^th, it was our intention to approach the (hore again, 
 with the view of procuring a frcfh fupply of fruit and 
 roots ; but the wind being then at S. E. by S. and S. 
 S. E. we embraced the opportunity of firctching to 
 the eaftward, in order to get round the S. E. end of the 
 ifland. The wind continued at S. E. the greatcft part 
 of the 1 6th; it was variable on the 17th, and on Friday 
 the 18th, it was continually veering. Sometimes ic 
 blew in hard (quails; and, at other times, it was calm, 
 with thunder, lightning, and rain. In the afternoon 
 it was wefierly for a few hours, but it fiiifted, in the 
 evening to E. by S. The S. E. point of the ifland 
 now bore S. W. by S. five leagues difiant. We ex- 
 petflcd to have weathered it, but, on Saturday, the 19th, 
 at one o'clock, A. M. we were left wholly at the mercy 
 of a north-cafierly fwcll, which drove us fall towards 
 the land ; fo that long before day-break, lights were 
 fcen upon the (hore, which was then difiant about a 
 league. It was a dark night, with thunder, lightning, 
 and rain. The calm was fucceeded by a breeze from 
 the S. E. by E. blowing in fqualls with rain. We fiood 
 to the N. E. thinking it the bed tack to clear the coafi ; 
 but had it been day-light, we (hould have chofen the 
 other. At day-break, the coaft extended from N. by 
 W. to S. W. by W. about half a league difiant ; a moft 
 dreadful furf breaking upon the (hore. Wc had cer- 
 tainly been in mod imminent danger; from which we 
 were not yet fccurc, the wind veering more cadcrly ; fo 
 that for a confiderable time, we were but jud able to 
 keep our diflance from the coad. Our fituation was 
 rendered more alarming, by the leach-rope of the main- 
 top-fail giving way, in confequence of which the (ail 
 was rent in two; and the top-gallant-fails gave way in 
 the fame manner, though not half worn out. Wc foon, 
 however, got others to the yards, and left the land 
 adern. The Difcovery was at fome didance to the 
 north, entirely clear from the land ; nor did (he appear 
 in fight till eight o'clock. Captain Cook here remarks, 
 that the bolt ropes to our fails arc extremely deficient in 
 drength or fubdance. This, at different times, has 
 been the fource of infinite labour and vexation ; and 
 has occafioned much lofs of canvas by giving way; 
 from whence he concludes, that the cordage, canvas, 
 and other dores, made ufe of in the navy, are inferior, 
 in general, to thofe ufed in the merchants fervice. "The 
 Commodore alfo obferves, an opinion prevails among 
 all naval officers, that the King's dores are fuperior to 
 any others. They may be right, he admits, as to the 
 c}uantity, but not as to the quality of thtf dores. This, 
 indeed, he fays, is not often tried; for thefe articles are 
 ufually condemned, or converted to other ufes, before 
 they are half worn out. Only fiich voyages as ours 
 afford an importunity of making the trial ; our fitua. 
 tion being liioh, as to render it nccefiary to wear every 
 thing to trie extreme. Captain Cook in this comparifon 
 of fome cordage ufed in the King's fervice, with what is 
 ufed in that ofthe merchants, may, in part, be right; ef- 
 pccially in time of war, when part of the cordage wanted 
 in the navy is, from neceflity, made by contract. But 
 it is well known, that there is no better cordage than 
 what is made in the King's yards. This we anert, on 
 the authority of a naval officer of didinguifhed rank, 
 and great profefltgnal ability, who hu, at Me fame time, 
 
 recommended 
 
 ^m 
 
576 
 
 Capt. C O O K 8 V O Y A G E S C O M P L E T E. 
 
 u ,. 
 
 * ■ 1 
 
 li 
 
 1M 
 
 W", 
 
 I 
 
 H'::. 
 
 rccommcnilcd it as a nccclHiry precaution, that (hips 
 Jittcil out on difcovtry, Ihoiikl be fiirnillicd with no cor- 
 dage but what is made in the King's yards; and, in- 
 deed, that every article of their ftorts, of every kind, 
 Ihould bcthe heft that can be made. 
 
 Whenday-light appeared, the natives afliore dif- 
 played a white flag, ve imagined, as a fignal of peace 
 anti fricndlliij). Many of them ventured out after us i 
 but as the wind frtllicned, and we were unwilling to 
 wait, they were left prefinily aftern. In the afternoon 
 we made another attempt to weather the calUrn ex- 
 tieme; in which we failed. Indeed, our getting round 
 the illand was a matter of no importance, for we had 
 feen the extreme of it to the S. 1<',. which was all the 
 Conimotlore delired s the natives having informed us, 
 that there was no other idand to the windward of this. 
 IJiit as we were fo near accomplilliing our deflgn, we 
 did not entirely abandon the idea of weathering it, and 
 continued to ply. On Sunday, the 20th, at noon, the 
 S. K. point bore S. dillant three leagues. The fnowy 
 hills bore W. N. VV. and wc were within four miles of 
 the nearert fliorc. In the afternoon wc were vifitcd by 
 fome of the inhabitants, who came off in their canoes, 
 bringing with them pigs and plantains: the latter were 
 highly acceptable, we having been without vegetables 
 for fomc days; but this fupply was fcarcely fufficient 
 for one day; we therefore ftood in the next morning, 
 till within about four miles of the land, when a num- 
 ber of canoi-s came oft", laden with provifions. The 
 people continued trading with us till four o'clock in the 
 afternoon, at which time having obtained a good fup- 
 ply, we made fail, flretching off to the northward. In 
 our intercourfe w ith the people of this ifland, we met 
 with lefs referve and fufpicion, than wc had ever ex- 
 perienced among any of the Indian tribes. They fre- 
 quently fent up into the (hip, the articles they meant to 
 barter, and afterwards came in thcmfelves, to tralhcon 
 the quarter deck. The inhabitants of Otahcite, whom 
 we fo often vifitcd, had not that conlidencc in our in- 
 tegrity. It is but ju(tice to obfcrve, that the natives of 
 Owhyhce never attempted to over-reach us inexchanges, 
 nor to commit a fmgle theft. They perfedly undcr- 
 flood trading, and clearly comprehended the reafon of 
 our plying upon the coaft: forthough they brought off 
 plenty of pigs, and other provifions, they were parti- 
 cular in keeping up the price, and rather than difpofc of 
 them at what they thought under the value, they would 
 carry them to (horc again. 
 
 Tuefday, the 2ind, at eight o'clock A. M. we tacked 
 to the fouthward. At noon, in lat. 20 deg. 28 min. 30 
 fee. the fnowy peak bore S. W. half S. tne preceding 
 day wc had a good view of it, and the quantity of fnow 
 fecmed to have incrcafcd, and to extend lower down the 
 hill. We ftood to the S, E. till midnight, when we 
 tacked till four. Wc had hopes of weathering the 
 illand, and (hould have fuccceded, if a calm had not 
 enllied, and left us to the mercy of a fwcll, which im- 
 pelled us towards the land, from which we were not 
 above the diftance of two leagues. Sbme light puffs 
 of wind, however, took us out of danger. As wc lay 
 in this lituation, fomc iflanders came off with hogs, 
 fowls, and fruit. From one of the canoes we got a 
 goofc, little larger than a Mufcovy duck. The colour 
 of its plumage was dark grey; the bill and legs were 
 black. Having purchafed what the natives had brought 
 off, wc made fail, and ftretched to the north. At mid- 
 night wc tacked and ftood to the S. E. in order to exa- 
 mine the weathcrmoft fide of the ifland, where, wc were 
 told, there was a fafc harbour. In this attempt the 
 Difcovery had her niain-top-maft ftay-fail fplit, and by 
 continuing (landing to the north, (he loft light of our 
 thip, the Refolution. Heavy complaints again pre- 
 vailed among her company. The weather continuing 
 tempelluous, their fufferings on this account, from in- 
 ceffant labour, and fcanty oT provifions, were grown 
 confeffedly grievous. Their grog, that had been 
 Hopped at our arrival on the coaft, was now dealt to 
 them as ufual, and it was only by the kindeft treatment 
 irom their officers, that the men could be kept to their 
 (iiity . On Thurfday the 24th, at day-light, flic was not 
 4 
 
 in fight, but, at this time, the weather being ha/y, wc 
 thought (lie might be following us. At noon wc ob- 
 ferved in lat. 19 deg. ^5 min. and in long. 205 deg. ^ 
 min. the S. E. point of the iilaiui bearing S. by E. i'w 
 leagues diftant; the othcrextremc bore N. 60 deg. W. 
 when we were two leagues from the neaieft Ihore. In 
 the evening at fix o'clock, the fouthcrmoft part of the 
 ifland bore S. W. the neareft iliore being (even miles 
 diftant. We had, therefore, now fuccieded in our en- 
 deavours, in getting to the windward of the ifland. 
 The Difcovery was not yet in fight, but as the wind 
 was favourable (iir her to follow us, we expccleil flic 
 would (hortly join us. Wc, therefore, kept cruiling 
 off this point of the ifland, till Captain Gierke was no 
 longer expeded here. It was at length conjedured, 
 that he was gone to leeward, in order to meet us that 
 way, not having been able to weather the N. E. part of 
 the ifland. Keeping generally at the diftancc 01 from 
 five to ten leagues from the land, one canoe only came 
 oft' to us till the 28th, when about a dozen appeared, 
 bringing, as ufual, the produce of the illand. Wc were 
 concerned that the people had been at the trouble of 
 coming, as we could notpoffibly trade with them, not 
 having yet confumcd our former (lock; and wc wrrc 
 convinced by experience, that the hogs could not be 
 kept alive, nor the roots be many days prcfcrved from 
 putrefa(5lion. It was our intention, however, not to 
 leave this part of the ifland before we had procured a 
 good fupply, knowing we could nor ratily return to it, 
 if it (hould hereafter be found expedient (b to do. 
 On Wedncfday the 30th, we began to be in want, but 
 a calm prevented us from approaching the fliore. A 
 breeze, however, fprung up at midnight, which enabled 
 us to ftand in for land, at day-break, of the 3 1 ft. At 
 ten o'clock A. M. the iflanders vifitcd us, bringing w ith 
 them a quantity of fruit and roots, but only three finail 
 pigs. This fcanty fupply was, perhaps, owing to our 
 not having purchafed what they lately brought oft": yet, 
 for the purpofes of traffic, wc brought to, but were irw- 
 terrupted (hortly with an exceffivc rain ; and, indeed, 
 we were too far from the fhorc; nor could we venture 
 to go nearer, as we could not, for a moment, depend 
 upon the wind's continuing where it was. The fw ell too 
 was extremely high, and let obliquely upon the ftiore, 
 where it broke in a moft frightful furf. We had fine 
 weather in the evening, and paffed the night in mak- 
 ing boards. 
 
 On Friday, the ift of January, the a^- a r\ 
 mofpherc was laden with heavy clouds; ' " '''* 
 and the New Year was uftiercd in with a heavy rain. 
 We had a light breeze fouthcrly, with fomc calms. At 
 ten, the rain ccafed, the (ky became clear, and the wind 
 frefhened. Being now about four or five miles from 
 the (bore, fomc canoes arrived with hogs, fruit, and 
 roots. We traded till three in the afternoon; when, 
 being pretty well fupplicd, we made fail, in order to pro- 
 ceed to the Ice fide of the ifland, in fcarch of the Dif- 
 covery. We ftretched to the eaft ward till midnight, 
 when the wind favoured us, and wc went upon the 
 other tack. The and, 3d, and 4th, wc pafFed in run- 
 ning down the S. E. fide of the ifland, ftanding off and 
 on during the nights, and employing part of each day 
 in lying to, in order togive the natives an opportunity 
 of trading with us. They frequently came oft', at the 
 diftancc of five leagues from the ftiorc; but never 
 brought much with them, cither from a fear of lofing 
 their articles in the fca, or from the uncertainty of a 
 market. On Tuefday the 5th, in the morning, wo 
 paffed the fouth point of the ifland, in lat. 1 8 deg. $4 
 min. beyond which the coaft trends N. 60 deg. W. 
 A large village is lituated on this point, many of whofe 
 inhabitants thronged oft' to the (hip with hogs and 
 women. The latter could not poffibly be prevented 
 from coming on board ; and they were Icfs refcrved than 
 any females we had ever feen. Indeed, they feemed 
 to have vifitcd us with no other view than to make a 
 tender of their pcrfons. Having obtained a quantity 
 of fait, we purchafed only fuch hogs as were large 
 enough for falting; rcfufing all thofc that were under 
 r c: and we could fcldom procure any that exceeded 
 
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 COOK'i THIRD ttd LAST VOYAGE— To the PAOFK: 9CEAN> ficc. 577 
 
 Die weight of 60 poundi. Happiljr for tii. we h»d 
 nill fonie vcgcubica renMiniiM. •« we wcic now fup. 
 plied with but fcw of thofe ptadtidlioni. intkeak rmm 
 the appearance of ihta partof the country, it ficmed in- 
 capKble of aRbrding them. Kvjdcnt markt prefenied 
 thcmfclvct of iu having been laid wal»c by the c«pio. 
 (ion of a volcanoi and tnoush we had not Iccn any thing 
 tf the kind, yet the devalfiiiion it had made, in the 
 neighbourhood, wai very vilible. The nativri having 
 now left ui, we run a fiew miles down the coaft in the 
 evening, and paflcd the nif^ht in Oandin(( oil' and on. 
 The neict morning, being Thurfday the 7lh, we were 
 again vilited by the natives. Being not fllr from the 
 (bore. Captain Cook fent Mr. Blign, in a boat, in order 
 to found the coan, and alfo to go aihore, in fcarch of 
 frcll) water. On hit return, he reported, that, within 
 two cable* length of the Ihore, he found no foundinsa 
 with a line of i6ofathomst that, on the land, he could 
 difcover no (Ireamor fpring 1 that there was fome rain< 
 water inholei,upon the rocks, which the fpray of the 
 fea had renderca brack i (In and, that the whole country 
 was Gompofed of flags and a(hes, interf^rfed with a 
 few plants. Between ten and eleven, to our great fa- 
 tisfafiion, the Uifcovery made her appearance, coming 
 round the fouth point of. the idand, and joined us about 
 one. Captain Clerke came on board, and acquainted 
 us, that having cruifed four or five days where we were 
 feparai^cd, he plied round the caft fide of the illandi 
 where meeting with tcmpeftuous weather, he had been 
 driven from the coaO. He had one of the idandcrs 
 on board all this time, who had refufed to leave the lliip, 
 though opportunities had been in his favour. At noon 
 we obfervnl in lat. 19 deg. i min. long. 203 drg. a6 
 min. the itcareft part of the coaft being two leagues dif- 
 tant. On the 8th, at day-break, we perceived, that 
 while we were plying in the night, thecurrent had car- 
 ried us back confiderably to the windward; and that 
 we were now oflT the S. W. point of the ifland, where 
 we brought to, in order to enable the inhabitants to trade 
 with us. We fpent the night in (landing off and on. 
 Four men and ten women, who came on board the pre- 
 ceding day, were with us ftill. The Comnvxlore not 
 liking the company of the latter, we (Vood in fliore on 
 the 9th, about noon, foldy with the view of getting rid 
 of our guefts; when fixne canoes coming on, we em- 
 braced the opportunity of fending them away. 
 
 On Sunday the loch, in the morning, we had light 
 airs from the N. W. and calmsj at eleven, the wmd 
 frelhened at N. N. W. which fo greatly retarded us, 
 that, in the evening, at eight o'ckKk, the fouth fnowy 
 hill bore 1 deg. 30 min. E. On the nth, at four o'clock, 
 A. M. the windf being at W. we made for the land, in 
 cxpe€Ution-of getting fome refreflimenu. The natives 
 feeing ua (b near them, began to come off, and we con- 
 tinued trading with them the whole day: though we 
 procured but a very feanty fupply, many of thole who 
 came ofT in their canoes, not having a ungle thing to 
 batter. From thia circumftance, it appeared, that 
 this part of the ifland was extremely poor, and had al- 
 ready fiimifhed ua with every thing they could fpare. 
 Tuefday the 12th, was employed in plying oif and on, 
 with a frefli gale at weft. A mile from the fliore we 
 found grouad, at the depth of 5 c fathoms. At five 
 o'clock P. M. we ftood to the fouthward. and at mid- 
 night wc ha4 a calm. On the 13th, we had a (mall 
 brecxe at S. S. £. and fteered for the land. A few ca- 
 noes came off to us with fome hogs; but they iMvught 
 no vegetables, which we now much wanted. In the 
 evening, we had got the length of the S. W. point of 
 the ifland, but, by the veering of the wind, we loft in the 
 sight all that we had gained in the day. Being in the 
 lame (iniation on the 14th, in the morning, fome more 
 eanoea attended ust but ihcf brought not any articles 
 we Itood in need of. We were now deftitute of fruit 
 and roota, and therefcre obliged to have rccourfc to our 
 fea proviTions. Several canoes, at thia jundure, ar- 
 rived from the mtthwstrd, from whence we were fup- 
 fdied with fome hoci and r9ou. On Friday, the t tth, 
 we had variable light ain till five in the afternoon, when 
 a breeze fprung up tt fi> N. & aod eublcd ui to ftecr 
 iMo. 70. 
 
 along (hoR to the northward. Thif d#y the weather 
 was remarkably fine, and wc had pUnt)> of compan)F| 
 many of them continued with' Ms all, night, «nd theic 
 UBocs were towed aftera. Op (he I ^ih, fit day-break, 
 feeing the appearance of* bay, the boats fr6m both 
 ftiips were fent out to examine it| for we were informed 
 there was a harbour, wherein we might fafily nioor, 
 and where wc (hould be fupplicd with ,|nateriaU to rcftt 
 the ftiipi, and proviftoni to vit^ual thetn. In the cven.r 
 Ing the boau returned with ih^ ioyful news, that they 
 had fucceeded in their fearch, and that the harbour pro. 
 mifed fair to anfwer,all that had been faid of it. Whil^ 
 our boats were employed in towing the ftiipi into the 
 bay, we had a view of the greateft ni|mbcr of fpct^ators 
 in canoes, and on ftwro, that we ha(l ever feen alfem- 
 bled together in any place duri^tg this voyage. It wu 
 concluded that their number could nnt.i>ricfs than a 
 or 3,000. While hoverii^ on tht coaft, wc had fome- 
 times been vifltcd by 300 canoes at a time, who cantcto 
 trade, and who brought us provifions when the weather 
 would permit: wcJikewitc obtained from them great 
 quantities of cordage, fal^ and divers, other manufiu;^ 
 tures of the ifland, which the Ommodore purchaM 
 fortheufeof thefttipt, and without which we couM 
 not well have proceeded t tor dpring the blowing wea- 
 ther, our cordage fnapped rope after rope, fo that our 
 (pare hands were employed incclTantly, m knotting and 
 (plicing. Inthecourfeof thiaday, we were attended 
 by, at Teaft, 1,000 canoes, crouded with people, and 
 laden with hogs, and other articles to barter. We 
 were per(edily convinced of their peaceable intention!, 
 not a Angle perfon having a weapon of any fort with 
 him. Among fuch numMis as we had frequently on 
 board, it might he expedled, that fome of them would 
 difcover a thievifli dilpofition. One of them made otf 
 with a boat's rudder, and waa not detc<flcd till it waa 
 too late to recover it. The Commodore imagined this 
 to be a proper oppo^unity to (hew thefe iflanders the 
 ufe of our fire arms. Two or three mufquets, and as 
 many four pounders were, by his orders, (ired over the 
 canoe which went aw»v with the rudder: but it not be* 
 ing our intention, ' -c the (hot (hould take elfetft, the 
 furrounding multitude, weremorefurprized than terri- 
 fied. At tM approach of night, the moft confider- 
 able part of our vifitors retired to the (horc; but many 
 at their own earaeft requeft, were permitted to deep on 
 board : but we had good reafon to think, that curiofity, 
 at leaft with fome of them, was not the only motive < 
 forthenext morning feveral articles were mifling, in 
 confcquence of which oiiders were given, not to permit 
 fomany toftay with us on any future night. On Sun- 
 day the 1 7th, by eleven o'clock A. M. we were fafely 
 nxwred, in company with the Difcovery, in 1 8 fathoms 
 water. The bay where we lay at anchor, called by the 
 natives Karakakooa, is a convenient harbour; and hav- 
 ing fuflPered much in our mafts and rigging, we were 
 happy at laft to find fo proper a pkicc to refit. We 
 caft anchor within a quarter of a mile of the N. E. 
 (hore ; the fouth point of the bay bearing S. by W. 
 and the north point W. half N. After we were moored 
 the (hips continued to be much crouded with the na- 
 tives, and furrounded by a vaft multitude of them, 
 befides hundreds that, like fifti, were fwimming about 
 the two ftiips. We were ftruck with the fingularity of 
 this fcene, and particularly pleafcd with enriching our 
 voyage, with this important new difcovery, owing tq 
 the opportunity of thus revifiting Sandwich Illands. and 
 in confcquence of not having ticceeded in finding a 
 northern paiTaM homeward. 
 
 The bay of Karakakooa is fituatcd in the diftriA of 
 Akona, on the weft fide of the ifland of Owhyhec. It 
 extends abotit ■ mile in deptHand is bounded by two 
 points of land, bearing S. E. and N. W. from each 
 other, at the diflancc of half a league. The north 
 point is flat and barren, on which is fituatcd the village 
 of Kowrowa. A ntore confiderable village Aand^ ar 
 the bMiem «f the bay, callicd Kafcooa, near a grove of 
 (lately cocm-tfcea. A high rocky cliff, inacccflibic 
 from the fea (here, runs between them. Near the 
 fMtk, on the feuth fide, the land has a nqg;ed appear. 
 7 ® anccf 
 
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 u 
 
 % 
 
sr'i 
 
 Qipt. C O O R'l V O Y A O E 8 C O M l» L £• T «J. 
 
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 ' 'Hi 
 
 MKC| beyond which the coum^ riles gradually, and 
 ■boundi wicln cu'ltivitcd IndMlmh, and ((mvci of i-Acmli- 
 trcei. The habitaiioni of the pe«>ple are rcattercd nbnut 
 in greac plenty. Round the hay the (hnrc ii covrred 
 witn a black coral rork, except kt Kakooa, where there 
 i% an excellent Tandy brach, with a Morai at one ex- 
 tremity, and a l))ii^of frcfh wHtet at the other. The 
 naiivei perceivinfl^pur intention to anchor in the Iviy, 
 ^me olf, aa we niVe before obfcrved, in aOonilhinu 
 nuinben,exprc(nngthririoy byfiniiintf, Ihouiing, .md 
 the moft extravaf^nt gclturei. I'nc deckt, fuiet, and 
 rigging of our fhipi were covered" with them. Wo- 
 men and boys, who were unable to procure canor*, 
 amufed themretvct the whole da^ in playing in the 
 water. One of the chiefs who viflted us, was named 
 Psrcea. Though a young nun, wc foon dil'covtred 
 him to bcaperfon of great authority. He told Cap' 
 tain Cook that he was Jakanee to the foveVcifm of tne 
 !(land, who was then on a military expedition at 
 Moweej from whence he was cx|)e«iU'd to return in a 
 few days. Some prcfcnts from the Commodore at- 
 tached him to our interc1t,'Bnd wc fount! him ex- 
 tremely ufeful, Befoie we hadliecrt long at anchor, 
 the Difcovery had fo marty people hanging on one ihk, 
 that ilie was feento heel confidenlhly i afid our p<-nplc 
 found it impofTible to prevent the crowds from prelF- 
 Ing into her. Apprenendve that fhc might receive 
 fome injury, Captain Cook communicated his fcnti- 
 incnts to Pareea, who inftantly clcired the ihip of her 
 incumbrances, and diliicrfed the canoes Hitn which 
 fhe was furrounded. vttim this circumlbncc it ap- 
 |«earedtous. that the chiefs of this illand cxcroifc a 
 inort defpotic power over the commonalty. An in- 
 Hance flmilar to this happened on board the Kefolu. 
 tion; where the crowd fo far impeded the ordinary bu. 
 finefs of the fliip, that we founid rt necotliiry to apply 
 to Kaneena, another chief, wholxid alfo attached hini- 
 felf particularly to Captain Cook" The inconvenience 
 we luffcred was no fooner medtioned, than he ordered 
 the natives to quit the vefTel immediately i when, with- 
 out a moment's hefitation, wc faw them all jump over- 
 board, except one perfon who loitered behind, and by 
 his manner expreiicd fome degree of unwillingnefa to 
 obey. Kaneena obfcrving this Contempt of his autho- 
 rity, took hold of him immediately, and threw him 
 headlong into the fea. Thefc two chiefs were exceed, 
 ingly well proportioned, and had countenances remark, 
 ably pleaiing. Kaneena was as fine a figure as we had 
 ever leen. His height was about lix feet, his features 
 were regular and expreflive, his deportment was eafy, 
 firm, and graceful, and he had lively dark eyes. Men. 
 tion has already been made, that while we were cruif- 
 ing off this idand, the inhabitants had adtcd fairly and 
 honeftly, without manifefting the Icaft propcnlitv to 
 theft; which was the more remarkable, becaufe tnofc 
 with whom we had hitherto had any dealings were pco- 
 
 Kle of the lowed rank, fuch aa filhermen and fcrvants : 
 ut the cafe was now quite altered. The multitude of 
 iflanders who blocked up the (hips, afforded an oppor- 
 tunity of pilfering without danger of difcovery, and 
 even if difcoverra, mufl have neaped with impunity 
 firom our inferiority of number. To the encourage- 
 ment of their chiefs, this alteration might alfo be at. 
 tributed; for, as we fcrquently traced the booty to fome 
 
 Sreat men who had it in their pofreflion, there is little 
 oubt but thefc depredations were made at their infti- 
 gation. When the Refolution had got into her ftation, 
 the two chiefs, Rireea, and Kaneena, brought a third on 
 board, whofe name was Koah. He was reprefented to 
 us as a pried, and one who, in his early time of life, 
 had diltinguifhed himfelf as a warrior. He was a 
 little old emaciated fifw*, having fore ted cyts, and his 
 body covered with a leprous fcurf, occaCioned by the 
 immoderate ufe of the Ava. Beittg oondudled to the 
 cabin, he approached the Commodore with^he greateft 
 deference, threw a piece of red ckxhover his (houldera, 
 and retreating a few paces, made an offirHng , of a fmall 
 pig, at the fame timepronounciiig adifbwiricof aoon- j 
 . fi£rable length. Thu ceremony, during our eoatinu- ^ 
 anceatOwhyhce, wu often icpMted. udtffnsm.ft va 
 
 fiety of cinumllances, appeared to us to be a k\tu\ of 
 relij»i,w»s adoration. Red clottt Is what their idol* ai^ 
 •Jtayed with, and a pig is their chmnion oltcring to th« 
 ratooas. At the ronclulion of this ceremony, Koah 
 dined with us, and eat heartily of wh.it wa< provided 
 lor the tablci but, like moft of the irt.indrr* in thcfe 
 feai, he cotild hardly be indiurd to tafic «mr «inc or 
 Ipiriii a fecond time. In the evening, the t'ommoilorc, 
 Mr. King, and Mr. liiilcy, arcompanic«l him on fhore. 
 Ai fonn as *e landed on the beach, wc wire prifctkd 
 by four tnen, bearing each a wand tippd wiihtlog'^- 
 hair, and pronouncing with a loud voice, a lliort Icn- 
 tcnte. The crowd which had aflcmlilid on eh<- (horr, 
 rctinxl at out approach, and not un imiividual was to 
 be (ecn, except « fi:w perfon* who had nrollrartd them- 
 Iclves DM the j<raund, near the habitations of the adja- 
 cent villiige. 
 
 I'rcvious to oui' nccount of the jwculiar ceremnniea 
 refpciting the homage paid to Captain Cook, it may 
 not be unneceffary to dcfcribc the Mnrui, already men- 
 tioned, lituated on the beach of Kukcwa. It ccmlills of 
 a fquare folid pile of Hones, 40 yanls in length, 70 ■ 
 broad, and 14 feet high. The top of it in flat, an.l it is 
 furraiimled with a w«HHlcn rniling, whereon are dilpUyed 
 tile (kulU of thofc lutives who had been facriliced 011 
 fhc death of their chiefs. A niincnn wcMden JHiililing 
 is litusccd in the center of the area, conm-efed with the 
 railing by a ftonc wall, dividing the whole Ipace into 
 two |Kirt«. I'ivc poles, about ao lect high, liip|Nirtcd 
 an irregular kind of fcarfold, 011 thcfiilc next the c<Min- 
 try J ami on th.it towards the ft», were two ("mall h<Ki- 
 fcs, with a covered communication. 'I'o the top ut this 
 pile we were condiicfed by Koah. At our ciunince we 
 liiw two large wocxien images, with molf diltortcd fca- 
 t»iics, having a long piece ol wood ot a conical forns in- 
 verted, proceeding from the top of their heads. Here 
 Captain Cook was received bv a tall young man, having 
 a loi>g licard, who prefentcif him to the imaxrii, and 
 chanted a kind of hymn, in which he was aljiileil by 
 Konh. Wc were then Icil to that fiilo of the Moral 
 where the poles were credcil 1 at the tijot of which 11 
 images were creded, and ran^jcd in the form of a femi- 
 circlc ; the middle fi|;ure having a high table before it, 
 like the Whatta of Otaheitc, on which wc faw a putrid 
 hog, anil under it fome cocoa.nucs, plantains, potatoes, 
 bread-fruit, and pieces of fiigar-cane. Captain Cook 
 was conducted under this (land by Koah; who, havhg 
 took down the hog, held it towatxis him; when having 
 again addrclTedhim in a long and vehement fpecch, he 
 (offered it to fall to the ground, and afccndcd the fcaf- 
 fdd with him, though every moment in danger of fall- 
 ing. We now beheld, advancing in folcmn procefTion. 
 and entering tlK top of the Morai, ten men bearing a 
 live hog, and a piecre of red cloth of conlidcrable di- 
 mrnfions. Advancing a few paces they (lopped, and 
 proflrated themfelvcs ; and Kaireekce.-i, the tall young 
 man already mentioned, approaching them, received 
 the cloth, and carried it to Koah, who wrapped it 
 round the Commodore, and made him an offering of 
 the hog. The Commodore was now aloft, in a (itua- 
 tion tndy whimfical, being fwathed in red cloth, and 
 hardly able to keep his hold on the rotten fcaffolding. 
 In this llcuation he was entertained with the chanting 
 of KoahandKaireekcea,fometimes alternately and fomc- 
 tiincB in concert. After this fervicc wts performed, 
 which was of conlidcrable duration, Kuah let the hog 
 dropj Upon which he immediately defcended with 
 Captain Cook. He then conduiltcd him to the images 
 ju(t mentioned, to each of which he exprcflcd himlcif 
 in a fnccring tone, and fnapped his fingers at them as 
 he paflTcd. He then prefcntcd him to that in the cen- 
 tre, whidi, from its being habited in red cloth, appeared 
 to be in the higheft eftinuition. Before this figure Koah 
 fell prodrare, and requeftcd of Captain Cook to do the 
 fame; which he readily fubmiued to, being determined 
 to follow Koah's dire^ions throughout the whole df a 
 ridicukxM ceremony, in. which his curiofity and vanity 
 were equally gratified. We Hwerc now conveyed into 
 die' other divinon of the MbraSi where a f{jace of about 
 1.3 feet fquan waa (link tUrecifctt below the level of th« 
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COOKli THIRD *ta LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. ^79 
 
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 area. When wc had dcfcended into this, the Commo- 
 dore wai Icatcd immediately between the two idoU, one 
 of his arms being fupported by Koah, and the other'b^ 
 Mr. Kinff. A lecona proceflion of natives at this time 
 arrived with a baked hog, a pudding, fom^ cocoa-nuts, 
 bread fruit, and other vegetaoles. As they drew near, 
 Kaircekcea placed himfelf before them, and prcfcnted 
 the hoa to the Commodore in the ufual manner, chant- 
 IngfU before; and his companions making regular rc- 
 fponfei i but we obferved their fpeeches and refponfcs 
 
 Ew gradually (horter, and, towards the conctuiion, 
 ireckeea's did not exceed three or four words, which 
 was anfwered by the word Orono. This was a common 
 appellation among the natives. Sometimes it was ap- 
 plied by them to an invifible being, inhabiting heaven; 
 at others it was ufcd as a title of high rank in the iiland. 
 At the conclufion of this offering, the natives fcatcd 
 thcmfclves fronting us, and began to cut '.ip the baked 
 bog, to break the cocoa nuts, and to peel the vegetables. 
 Others were empWed in chewing the Ava, ana making 
 the liquor in the lame manner as it is extra<51cd and 
 done at the Friendly Ifles. Kaireekeea then chewed part 
 of the kernel of a cocoa-nut, and wrapped it in a piece 
 of cloth, with which he nibbed the Captain's head, luce, 
 hands, arms and ihouldenv The Ava was a'terwards 
 handed round, and when we had all tailed it, Koah and 
 Parcea pulled the tiefli of the hog in pieces, and pro- 
 ceeded to put feme of it in our mouths. Mr. King had 
 no particular objcdion to being fed by Pareca, who 
 was remarkably cleanly in his perfon; but Captain 
 Cook, to whom a piece was prefentcd by Kpah, could 
 not fwallow a morfel, thc.putrid hog being itrong in his 
 recollcdion; and as the old man, from motives of ci- 
 vility, had chewed it for him, his reludlance was much 
 incrcafed. This ceremony being concluded, \yc quitted 
 the Moral, after diftributtng among the populace fome 
 piepes of iron, and other articles, with which they were 
 much delighted. We were then conduded, in proccf- 
 fion, to the boats, the men with wands attending, and 
 pronouncing fentences as before. We returned on board 
 fUll of the idea of what we had fecn.and pe'rfedlly fatis- 
 iied with thehoneft difpofitionsof ournew friends. Of 
 the lingularity and novelty of the various ceremonies 
 performed upon this occalion, we can only form con- 
 jedures; but they were, in our opinon, highly expref- 
 five of refped-, on the part of the inhabitants; and, as 
 far a* related to Captain Cook, they approached to a- 
 doration. Indeed the Commodore now fcemcd to be 
 conlidered by them as their E-a-thu-ah-nu-eh ; for from 
 this time an Indian Chief, by the king's order, was 
 placed at the head. of his pinnace, at whofe command 
 the natives, in their canoei, as he palled them, were all 
 lilcnt, and would proftrate. themfelves till he ^as out of 
 fight : and this they would do when the Captain was a- 
 lone; but the chief had orders from the king, that 
 whenever the Captain came afhore in his pinnace, to 
 to attend him, and conduct him to his houfe, which the 
 failors now called Cook's Altar. 
 
 On Monday, the 1 8th, Mr. King went on fliorc, at- 
 tended with a guard of eight marines, having received 
 orders to ercd the obfervatory in a proper (ituation ; by 
 which means thfc \vaterers, and other working parties, 
 on fltore, might be fuperintended and proteded. When 
 yre had fiMind a convenient fpot for this purpofe, alraoll 
 in the centre of the village, Pareca oSered to exeicife 
 his power in our behalf, and propofed that fome houfes 
 ihould be uken, that our oblervations might not be ob- 
 ftnided. This friendly offer, however, was declined, 
 •nd wc made choice of a potatoe field adjoining to the 
 Morai, which vna readily granted, and to prevent the 
 intrufion of the natives, the place was con^rated by 
 Che^ priefte, who placed their wands round the wall 
 whicR enclofed it. This interdidion the natives call 
 uboo, a term frequently repcMed by thcfe iflanders, and 
 feemed to be s word of cxtenfive meaning. In this in. 
 flknce^ it procured HI inore privac)r than we could have 
 wilbed. Not any ouwea atlcnipted i« land near ust 
 
 the natives only fat on the wall, not daring to come 
 within the tabooed fpace, without permilTion from us. 
 The men, indeed, at our requeft, would bring provi- 
 fions into the field; but our utmoU endeavours were in- 
 effcQual to induce the women to give tis' their com- 
 pany. Prefenu were tried, but without fuccefs. Wc 
 endeavoured to prevail on Pareea and Koah to bring 
 them : the Eatooa and Tcrreeoboo they faid would kill 
 them if they did. This circumdance afforded great 
 amufcmcnt to thofe on board, whither multitudes . of 
 people, women particularly, Hocked in Ihoals, inlbmuch 
 that they were frequently obliged to clear the veflel, in 
 order to have room to perform their necefTary duties. 
 Twoorthree hundred vvorncn were fometimes obliged to 
 throw themfelves into the water, where they continued 
 to fwim and play, till they could be re-admitted. On 
 the 19th Pareea and Koah left us, in order to attend 
 Terreeoboo, who had landed on a dillant part of the 
 iQand. Nothing material happened on board, till Sun- 
 day, the 24th. The caulkers were employed on the 
 (ides of the (hip, and the rigging was repaired. The 
 falting of hogs was alfo a principal abjc(ii of the Com* 
 modore's attention ; and as we had improved in this 
 operation lince the former voyages, a detail hereof the 
 procefs of it may not be thought improper. To cure 
 the Hl-Hi of animals in tropical climates, by falting, 
 has long been thought impracticable ; putrefadion mak- 
 ing lb rapid a progrefs. as not to allow the fait to take 
 cffcit before the meat gets tainted. Captain Cook ap- 
 pears to have been the firfl navigator uho has attempted, 
 to make experiments relative to this bulinefs. His firlt 
 attempts in 1774, in his fccond voyage to the Pacitic 
 Ocean, fo far fucceedcd, as to convince him of the error 
 of the vulgar opinion; and as his prefent voyage was. 
 likely to be protraded a year beyond the time that pio- 
 viiions had been fupplied for the fliips, he was obliged- 
 to contrive fome method of procuring fubfillcnce tor 
 the crews, or relinquilh the profecution of his difcove- 
 ries. He therefore renewed his attempts, ahd his molt 
 fanguine expedations were completely anfwered. The 
 hogs wc cured were of various fizes, from four to ten 
 or twelve ftone, fourteen pounds to th6 (lone. Tiic/ 
 were always killed in the afternoon; and. after fcalding 
 otf the hair, and removing the entrails, the pig or hog 
 was cut into pieces, from four to eight pounds each» 
 and the bones taken out of the legs and chines; in the 
 larger hogs, the ribs were alfo taken out. The pieces 
 w ere then examined circumfpetilly, and wiped, and the 
 coagulated blood taken from the veins. After this they 
 were given to the falters before they were cold ; and 
 having been well rubbed with fait, they were placed in a 
 heap on a (lage in the open air, covered with plaoks, 
 and prelTed with very heavy weights. The next even- 
 ing they were again well wiped, and carefully examined, 
 when the fufpicious parts were taken away. This done, 
 they were put into a tub of (Irong pickle; after which 
 they were examined once or twice a day; and if it hap- 
 pened that any one piece had not taken the fait, which 
 may be difcovercd by the fmell of th( pickle, they w^re 
 inftantly uken out and examined again, the found pie- 
 ces being put into freih pickle. This, however, did not 
 often happen. At the end of fix days, they were exa> 
 mined for the laft time; and after being (lightly prefTed, 
 they were put into berrcls, having a thin layer of fait 
 between them. Mr. King brought home fome barrels 
 of this pork, that had been pickled at Owhyhee, in Ja- 
 nuary, 1779, which was u(led in England, near Chrift- 
 mas, 1780, by feveral gentlemen, who were all unatii- 
 mous in their opinion, that it was perfedly found, fweet, 
 and wholefome food. We have been informed by Mr. 
 Mancouver, a Midfhipmanon board the Difcovery, and 
 afterwards Lieutenant of the Martin (loop of war, that 
 he tried the method here recommended, both with 
 Enslifh and Spanifh pork, during a cruifc in the Spa^ 
 nifn main, A. D. 1712. and it fuccceded beyond his cx- 
 pcAatioiu. 
 
 Cti AP. 
 
 il-'" 
 
 : 
 
58o 
 
 C?apt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 n ■■ > 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 U il 
 
 .§ 
 
 Society t/priejls di/cwerrJfy aceuienl—Our reteplhmiy them — Mem artifice o/Koab'— Arrival t/Tnrreohm, khg «/ the 
 iJland'-'Tbe Bay taitoed m tlkit occafitu-^T'heiiibaiiiaHts irougbt tootedience-^Jremarkable ceremony— Fi/il/rmi ibeking 
 »— Returned by Captain Cook — The civilily »f the natives, -xbo are much addtHed to tbievini— Their readim-fs in tonduFling 
 one of our parties up the country — A totdng matcb drfcnhed — Death of WtUiam Watman, afcaman — Behavimr of the 
 priefts at his funeral — the railing and images on the Morai punbafed—The natiies wquijiiive about our departure \ onA 
 tbeir opinion refpelling the objefT of our voyage^^Prefents from the king to Captain Cook— The Refelution and Difcnrerj 
 quit the iflmuli but the former b/ing damaged by a gale of wind, they are obliged to re/urn — 7be behaviour of the ijlnnders 
 OH our coming again to anchor in Karakakooa Bay, fomnvbat myfterious—A theft tommitted oh board the Difiovery, anditt 
 tonfemtences — 'Che thieves purfued up the countryScuffle bflivecn the nalivfs and our people — The pinnace attacked and 
 plundered— The crew obliged to quit bcr — Captain Cook's refeHions on the occajion— Attempt made at the Obfervatory-^ 
 The Difcovery's cutter ftolen — Means ufedfoT its recovery— Captain Cook goes on f bore to invite the king and his tTvofons oir 
 board-^His "Wife and the chiefs oppofebis inclination logo with the Commodore — A conteft arifes oh this occafion — Intelligence 
 arrives of a chief having been killed by one of our people— The alarming confequences — A chief threatens Captain Cook, ami 
 isflKt *» him — A general attack enfues — "the melancholy catajIrophe—Our Commodore isftabbed in the back, and falls witb 
 bis face into ihe water— This chapter concludes with the death of the able, enterprizing, and much lamented Commander, 
 Captain James Cook, 
 
 WE had not long been fcrtlcd at the obferva. 
 tory, before we dircovered thehabiution* of 
 a focicty of priefts, who had excited our cu- 
 riofity by their regular attendance at the Morai. Their 
 huts were ereded round a pond, inclofed with a group 
 of cocoa-nut trees, by which they were feparated from 
 the beach and the village, and gave the fltuation an air 
 of religious retirement. Captain Cook being made ac- 
 quainted with this difcoveiy, he rerdvcd to vifit them; 
 and, expeding the manner of his reception would be 
 fingular, he took Mr. Webber with him, to enable him 
 to reprefcnr the ceremony in a drawing. When arrived 
 at the beach, the Commodore was conduifled to Harre- 
 no-Orono, or the houfe of Orono. On his approaching 
 this facred place, he was feated at the foot of a wooden 
 idol, refcmbling that we had feen at the Morai. Here 
 Mr. King again fupported one of his arms. He was 
 then arrayed in red cloth, and Kaireekeea, aflifted by 
 1 3 priefts, prefented a pig with the ufual ceremonies. 
 After this (olemnity, the pig was ftrangled, and thrown 
 into the embers of a fire, prepared for that purpofe. 
 When the hair was ilnged olf, a fecond oftering was 
 made, and the chanting repeated as before; after which 
 the dead pig was held Tome time under Captain Cook's 
 nofc, and then laid with a cocoa-nut at his feet. This 
 
 girt of the ceremony being concluded, the performers 
 t down; and the Ava was brewed and handed about : 
 a baked hog was likcwife brought in, and we were fed 
 in the fame nunner as before related on a flmilar occa- 
 fion. While we. continued in the Bay, whenever the 
 Commodore vifited the obfervatory, Kaireekeea and 
 his afTifbnts prefented themfelves before him, making 
 an offering of hem, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, &c. with 
 the accuftomed folemnities. Upon thefe occafions, 
 fome of the inferior chiefs intreatcd permilfion to make 
 an offering to the Orono. If their requeft was complied 
 with, they prefented the hog themfelves; in the per- 
 formance of which, their countenances difplayed that 
 Ihcy were greatly imprefled with awe and terror. Kai- 
 reekeea and the priefts aflHlcd, performing their accuf- 
 tomed orations and hymns. But their civilities ex- 
 tended beyond parade and cerennony ; our party on 
 fhnrc were fupphed daily by them with hogs and vege- 
 tables, fufficient for their luMiftence, and to fparei and 
 canoes laden with provifions, were regularly lent off to 
 thefhips. Nothing was demanded in rc;tum: not even the 
 moft diftant hiw was ever given, that they exjpeded the 
 Icaft compenfation. Their manner of conferring fa- 
 vours, appeared more like the difchaice of a religious 
 duty,thanthe rcfult of mere liberalitjr. On ourafkingto 
 wlwm we were indebted for all this munificence, we 
 iv«re informed, that it was at the expenCe of Kaoo, 
 fhe chief prieft, and eramUather to Kaireekeea, who 
 «as at this time in theTuit of the fovcreign of the ifland. 
 ^ut we had lefs reafon to be fatisfied with the behavMUc 
 •f the Earees, or warrior chiefs, than with that of the 
 priefts. In our intercourfe with the former, they were 
 atwayt fufficiently attentive tp their own iaterefiii aod, 
 
 
 befides their propcaflty to ftealing, which mw admit 
 of palliation from its univerfality in thefe feas, they had 
 other artifices equally diflwnowrable. The following 
 is one inftance, in which we- difcovered, with regret, 
 that our mod friend Koah was a party principally coa- 
 cemed. The chiefs who made us prefents of hogs^ 
 were always generoufly rewardedj in confcquence of 
 which, we were fupplicd with more than we could con« 
 fume. On thefe occafions, Koah, who attended us 
 conftantly, petitioned ufually for thofe that we did not 
 abfolutely want, and they were given him of courfe. A 
 pig was one day prefented to us by a man, whom Koah 
 introduced as a chief. The pig we knew to be one of 
 thofe that had a fhort time before been given to Koah. 
 SufpcdUng an impofition, we found upon enquiry, that 
 the pretended chief was one of the common people ) 
 and from other concurrent circumftances, wc were per* 
 fedly convinced, that this was not the fiiil time of our 
 having been made the dupes of Koah'a low cunning. 
 
 Sunday, the 24th, we were not a little furprized to 
 find, that not any canoes were permitted to put ofti and 
 that the natives were confined to their houfes. At length 
 we were informed, that the Bay was tabooed, aod that in* 
 tercourfe with us was interdiued, on account of the ar* 
 rival of Terreeoboo, their king. On the 25th, we en> 
 deavoured by threau and promifes, to induce the inha- 
 bitants to reviftt the fhip. Some of them were ventu- 
 ring to put off, when we perceived a chief very adive in 
 driving them away : to make him defift, a mufquet was 
 fired over his head, which produced the defu-ed effect { 
 for refrefhmenu were fo6n after to be had as ufual. 
 In the afternoon, the fhius were privately vifited by 
 Teneeoboo, attended only oy one canoe, containing his 
 wife and family. When he entered the fliip, he feU on 
 his facci as a mark of fubmiflion to the Comnaodore^ as 
 did all bis attendants t and after having made an ora- 
 tion, which none of us underftood, he prefented the 
 Captain with three barbicued hogs, who, m return, put 
 a necklace, compofiKl of feveral ftrings of various co- 
 loured beads, round his neck, and gave him two k>ok- 
 ing-glaflcs,a laigeglafs bowl, with fome nails, and other 
 tritk*, which he received with much feeming fatisfac- 
 tion, and difpatched immediately a meffrnger on fhore^ 
 who foon returned with feveral lai^ hogs, cocoa-naa, 
 plantains, and fu^r-canes, as much as our fmall cutttit 
 could carry. Having remained on deck about an hsur, 
 admiring the conftrudy>n of the fhip, he was condudcd 
 into the neat cabin, where wine was offered him, which 
 he reful<ra: ileither was there any thing he would tailcu 
 except a head of bread-fruit; but he appeared ddighted 
 with every thing he law ; and before he dnMned in the 
 evening, gave us to underffatnd that he had 6000 figh>( 
 ing men, always in readincfs to war againft his enemies^ 
 On the 36th, at noon, the king came in'grcat ftate fiam 
 rfic viUsgeof iSbwrowa.and, i»a larn canoe, with finw 
 of his attendants in two others, paddled (knrly tdsvanb 
 the fttips. Their appearance was really molt fuperh. 
 TeireeeboQ. and his chiefs were in the firft vefTel, ar- 
 
 layed 
 
», kfnjre/tbf 
 from thtking 
 
 ill tandu fling 
 havionr oftbt 
 pmluret ani 
 vtJ Difcwrfj 
 '' the ijhwden 
 ovny, and ill 
 
 attacked and 
 )bfervattry-^ 
 >is two/ens m 
 —Inteilignct 
 fain Cook, tmd 
 md falls with 
 i Commaitder, 
 
 I tnw admit 
 S8, they hati 
 he foilowii^ 
 with regret, 
 ncipally con- 
 nts of hogst 
 tfcqucnce of 
 tc cuuld con« 
 attended ui 
 It we did not 
 of courfe. A 
 whom Koah 
 r to be one of 
 ven to Koah. 
 enquiry, that 
 mon people) 
 we were per* 
 : time of our 
 ' cunning, 
 furprized to 
 I put off, and 
 ;s. At length 
 , and that in* 
 intofthe ar* 
 25th, we ea> 
 lice the inha- 
 1 were ventu- 
 very aiflive in 
 mufquet waa 
 lefired eifect( 
 lad at ufual. 
 lyvifited by 
 ontaining hia 
 lip, he (man 
 immodoR^as 
 nnade anora« 
 prefented the 
 in return, put 
 r various co> 
 lim two look- 
 kill, and other 
 ning fatiifac' 
 igcr on (horei 
 i, cocoa-nuts, 
 r fmall cottec 
 bout an hour, 
 ras condudcd 
 d him, which 
 t would tsAr, 
 iredddiphted 
 ipaned in the 
 d6ooofigh»i 
 lhiscncmics< 
 cat ftate fiom 
 oe,wttirliime 
 towly towards 
 moil fuperh. 
 rit veffef, ar- 
 layed 
 
 .t^ 
 
 i 
 
 I " 
 

 
 
 
 tH, 
 
 i.-r*^ ': 
 
 HI,.' 
 

 §4$ 
 
 
 COOK'i THIRD iAl LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN^ &c. 5^1 
 
 *i-: 
 
 nyti in rnthered clotkl, Mid iMlNWtt, and armed with 
 fpean and danen. In the fccond««meKaoo. the chief 
 prieft, havingtheir idob di^hfed on red cloth. They 
 were figure* of ^n enortnduifis^, nwdeof thici wicker- 
 trork, and ctirioufiv ormnWhtM with mantln of fba^ 
 then of varioui coWun. Their eyes were lii^ge pekri 
 oyften. with a black nut pbced in the middle. A dou- 
 Ue row of the t^ngt of don wa* fixed in each of their 
 moutha, which, u well u tne rtft of their features, ap- 
 peared ftranoely difiorted. The third canoe was laden 
 with hi^ and vegeubles. Their images they call E- 
 ah-tu>a, (tgnifying theit warrior gods, without which 
 they nevfer cngase in battle. At they advanced, the 
 priefii chanted their hymhs with great Iblenuiity. After 
 paddling round the veiTels, they aid not come on board 
 as we expedcd, but made immediately towards the 
 (horc, at the beach where our tents were fixed. When 
 landed, they hauled up all their canoes on the beach, 
 drew up in martial order, and, led by the king, marched 
 in ranks to their placeof worihip, diftant from our tents 
 about CO yards t but, feeing the ground taboo^ by fmall 
 
 Seen boughs and wands, that marked the boundary, 
 ey all made a circuit with' their images in proccflion, 
 till they arrived at their Moral, where they placed their 
 idols, and dcpofited their arms. Captain Cook, when 
 hcfaw the king's intention of going on Ihore. went thi- 
 rncr alTo. and landed with Mr. King and others, almoft 
 at the fame inftant. We uftiered the chiefs into our 
 tent, and the king had hardly been featecj, when he rofe 
 up, and threw gracefully over the Capuin's fliouldcrs 
 the rich feathered cloak that he himfelf wore, placed a 
 helmet on his head, and prcfented him with a curious 
 fan. Five or fix other cloaks, of great beauty and value, 
 were fpread at the Commodore's feet. Four hogs were 
 now brought forward by the kins's attendants, together 
 with bresid fruit. &c. - Then followed the ceremony of 
 Terreeoboo's changing names with Captain Copk ; the 
 ftrongcit pledge offriendlhip among all the iflanders of 
 the I^ific Ocean. A folemn proceiHon now advanced, 
 confiding 6f pfiefls, preceded by a venerable old per- 
 fbnage, followed by a train of people leading large h<ws t 
 others bein{; laden with potatoes, phntains, &c. We 
 could perceive eafily, by the countenance and the gef* 
 turcs of Kaireekeea, that the old man who headed the 
 proccflion, was the chief prieft, on whofe bounty we 
 were told we had fo long fubfiftod. He wrapped a 
 piece 6t red cloth round the fhoulders of Captain Cook, 
 and in the ufual form, prcfented him with a pig. He 
 was then fcated next the king, and Kaireekeea and their 
 attendants began their vocal ceremonies, Kaoo and the 
 ehicft affifting in the refponfes. In the perfon of this 
 king, we were fuiprized to recognize the fiime emacia- 
 ted old man, whonme on boaitl the Rcfiriutkm, from 
 the M. E. fide of the tlland of Moweet and we pi^ved 
 that feveral of his attendants were the fame perfons; 
 who at that time continued with us the whole night. 
 Among thefe were the king's two youngeft fons, the 
 elder about the age of fixtcen ; and Maiha-Maiha, his 
 nephew, whom we could not immediately recotled, 
 having had his hair plaflered Over with a diity pa'fte 
 •ltd powder, which was no fmall improvement to the 
 molt fkvage countenance we had ever feen-.- The for^ 
 tnalities or this meeting being ended. Captain Cook 
 conducted Terreeoboo and fevefal of hit chieft on board 
 our flilp, where they were itceived with every pofiible 
 mark of ftttentmn and refpcdti and the Cemmodot*. 
 as a comp^iitt&i for the hathered cloak, put a linen 
 fhirt upon,the fiivlereigA, ahd girt his own hanger round 
 him. KaaQ,and ibtut half a dozen other anticnt chiefs^ 
 remained on fhoftS All this time not a canoe was per- 
 mitted to remain in the Bay, and thofe natives who did 
 Adt ^fine thei|riU4rea to their huts, lay proftrate on 
 tbeground/> Befattf the kinK quitted the Refolution, 
 he granted leave fer fkcMrives to trade with us at 
 ufuali b|it the wepttten^ m Icnow not on what account, 
 wereftiU intetdiiSMMiy th^trinoi that is. to remain at 
 home, and tut Uftmf kind of iMercourfe with us. At 
 this time tile betMriour «r the inhabiiima was fo civil 
 and itiofrenflve. thartll iMtldKfltfene of dai^r were 
 {Qtaliy ^ntflied.' We tiufHd<oafftlvet«mong them at 
 • N9. 71. 
 
 Mil tinier, aM upon all bccafions, withonc the Icail tc« 
 felrve^ Our officers ventured frequently up the country. 
 li)Mer,'l)tigly. or in fmall parties, and lometimes contu 
 miediout the whole night. In all places the people 
 Hocked about us, anxious to afford every affiflance in 
 their power, and appeared highly gratified if we con* 
 defcemed toaccept of their fervicet. Variety of inno^ 
 cent arts were pnicUfed to attradl our notice, or to de« 
 lay our departure. The boys and girls ran through their 
 villages, fiopping us at every opening where there was a 
 convenient fpot for dancing. At one time we were fo' 
 licited to take a draught ofmilk from cocoa-nuts, or to 
 accept of fuch other refrelhment as their huts aifordedi 
 at another we were encircled by a company of young 
 women.^ who exerted their fkill and ingenuity in amu- 
 fing us with fongs and dances: but though the inftanccs 
 of their gcnerotity and civility were pleaflng to us, we 
 could not but diflike that propenfity to thieving, which 
 at times they difcovcrcd, and to which they were ad- 
 diifled, like all the other iflanders in thefe feas: this was 
 a perplexinK circumfhince. and obliged us fometimes to 
 excrcifc a feverity, which we fhould have been happy 
 to have avoided, if it had not been cfTcntially neccflary. 
 Some expert fwimmers were one day deteded un« 
 der the mips, drawing out the Blling nails from the 
 fheathing. This they performed very ingenioufly with 
 a Hint ftone, faftened to the end of a flick. This new 
 art offfcaling was a pradice fo injurious to our vef&lt, 
 that we fired fmall fhot at the offenders i but that they 
 avoided eafily, by diving under the fhip's bottoms: it 
 therefore became highly neceffary to make an example 
 of one of them, which was done by giving him a good 
 flogging on board our confort, the Difcovery. where his 
 talent for thieving had been chiefly exercifed. About 
 this time. Mr. Nelfon. and lour other gentlemen, fet 
 out on an excurfion into the country, in order to ex»« 
 mine its natural curiofities and produdions, an account 
 of which will be given hereafter. This afforded Kaoo 
 a ftefh opportunity of teftifying his civility, and exert- 
 ing his friendly difoofition in our favour: for no fooner 
 was he informed 01 the departure of our party, than he 
 fent after them a large quantity of provifions, with or- 
 ders that every attention and afliflancc fhould be gran- 
 ted them by the inhabitants of thofe diftri^ through 
 which they fhould pafs. His civility on this oci^afion 
 was fo delicate and difinterefled, that even the peo- 
 ple he employed were not permitted to accept ot the 
 fmalleft prefent. At the end of fix days the gentlemen 
 returned, without having been able to penetrate farther 
 than twenty miles into the ifland, owing partly to im- 
 proper guides, and partly to the nature of the country, 
 which occafioned this expedition to be attended with 
 no fmall fatigue, and fome danger. Mr. Nelfon, how- 
 ever, colleded a curiouc aflSirtniient of indigenous plants,, 
 and fonne natural curiofities. During their abfence,' 
 every thiiw rcnuiined quiet at the tents, and the natives 
 fupplied the fhips with fuch quantities of provifions, 
 of all kinds, that orders were again given to purchafe 
 no more hogs in one day, than could be killed, falted, 
 and flowed away the next day. This order was in con- 
 fequence of a former one, to purchafe all that could be 
 procured for fea ftock, i^ which fo nuny of them were 
 brought on board, that feveral of them dud before they 
 could be properly difpoTed of. 
 
 On Wcdnefday, the 37th, in the morning, the rudder 
 of our fhip was unhung, and fent onflwre, in order to 
 undergo a thorough repair. The carpenters at the 
 fame time were fent into the country, under the pro- 
 tedion and euidancc of Ibme of Kaoo's people, to gee 
 planks for the head rail work, which waf become rot- 
 ten and decayed. In a vifit, on the aSth, from Ter- 
 reeoboo to Obtain Gierke, the latter received a prefent 
 of 30 large hogs, and fiich a quantity of vegetables at 
 could nol be c ot rfbm e d % hia crew in.|«ft than a week.^ 
 This being an uncKpc^ca vifit, mad* it the more ex- 
 traordinary^ Not having feeh any of the fporu or ex- 
 erciica of the natives, at our particular rcqueft, they en- 
 tertained ua in the eveningwith a boxing initch. A 
 vafl cancouife of people uGcmblcd o^ a lettd fpot o£ 
 grouiMli age fiur diftant tnxa our icntt. In the centre, « 
 7 H , long 
 
 h 
 
 
 
58» 
 
 Capt. CO Q Kit VOYA-qES 
 
 COM P L E T E. 
 
 >! ■ 
 
 ^L.'.' 
 
 
 long vacant fpacc wai left bur ihcm.at tho upp«r «n«i of 
 which the arbitratori prdkicd, iiniW three (tandard*. 
 Slips of cloth of varioua colour*, werf pendant from 
 ' thcfe rtamtards i at were the Ikin* of two wild geefe, 
 fomc fiiull birda, and a few bunchci of feathera. The 
 fportt being ready to b";in, the judga g»vc the figiukli 
 and two combatants Kppearcd in view. TiKyr «4* 
 vanccd flowly, drawins up their feec very high bHuad, 
 and rubbing their handa upon the folca. A* they came 
 forward, they furveyed each other freqiicntly front head 
 to foot, with an air of contempt, looking archly at the 
 fpcdhuort, dinorting th^f features, and pnuflifing a v«« 
 nety of unnatural geftures. When they were advanced 
 within the reach of each other, thev held both amu 
 ftraight out before their £ice«, at which part they alwaya 
 aimed their blows. They ftruck with a full fwing of 
 the arm, which to us had a very awkard appearance. 
 They did not attempt to parry s but endeavoured to 
 elude their adverfary's attack, by liooping, or retreating. 
 The battle w.is decided exprditioully i for if either of 
 chenvfell, whether by accident, or from a blow, he was 
 deemed vanquiHicd; and the viiior expreflcd his 
 triumph by a variety of flrange geftures, which ufually 
 excited a loud laugh among the fpetiUtore, for which 
 purpofe it fceincd to be calculated. The fuccefsful 
 combatant waited fora fecond antagonifti and, if again 
 vi(florious. for a third; and fo on, till at laft he was de- 
 feated. In thcfe combats it was very (insular, that, 
 when any two are preparing to attack each otner, a third 
 may advance, and make choice of either ofthcm for his 
 •ntagonift, when the other is under the nccefllty of 
 withdrawing. If the combat proved long and tedi- 
 ous, or ap(iearrd unequal, a chief geTterally interfered, 
 and concluded it by nutting a Rick between the com- 
 batants. As this exnibition was at our dcfire, it was 
 univerfally expeiftcd, that fomc of us would have en- 
 gaged with the natives ; but, though our people received 
 prefling invitations to bear u pnrc, they did not hearken 
 to the challenges, not having forgot the blows they re- 
 ceived at the hriendly Iflands. 
 
 * This day died William Watman, a mariner of the 
 gunner's crew. This event we mention particularly, 
 feeing death had hitherto been uncommon among us. 
 He was a man in yean, and much rc4pedled by Cap- 
 tain Cook. He had ferved twcnty-onc years as a ma- 
 rine, and then entered as a feimcn in 1773, on board 
 the Refolution, and ferved with the Commodore io hit 
 voyage towards the South Pole. On their return he 
 got admittance into Greenwich Hofpital, at the fame 
 Mmc with himfelf ; and anxious to follow the fortunes 
 of his benefador, he alfo quitted it with him, on the 
 Commodorc'a appointment to the command of the 
 prefent expedition. Watman had often been fubjeA to 
 flight fie vert, in the courfe of the voyage, and wu 
 wry infirm when we oirived in the bayi wncre, having 
 been fent a few dayt on (hore, he thou^t himfelf per- 
 fisAly reftorcd, and requcfted tq return on board. His 
 requeft was complied with. The day following he had 
 a nroke of the palfy, which in two daya afterward* put 
 an end to hit life. At the requeil of Terreeoboo^ the 
 remaint of thii faithfbl feaman were buried in the Mo- 
 ral t the ceremony being performed with great Iblem- 
 nity. Kaoo and his brethren weee prefent at the fu- 
 neral, who behaved with great decorum, and paid due 
 attention while the fcrvice was performing. On our 
 beginning to fill tip the grave, they approacned it with 
 great awe, and threw in a dead pig, together wkh fome 
 cocoa-nuis and plantains. For tratc fuccelTtve n^htt 
 they furroundcd it, dicrificiflg hogs, and reciting 
 prayers and hymns till morning, ^t the head of the 
 grave, we credcda pofl, and nailed thereto % piece of 
 board, whereon was ioficribed the name and age of the 
 deccafed, and the day of hit departure <h>ni this life. 
 'I'hefc memorials we weic afTumd they would not re- 
 move, and, itis probable^ they wiH be peranitted to ve- 
 main, ib long as fuch frail materials can endure. 
 
 Being much in want of fuel, CapUin Co^ deCred 
 Mr. King to treat with the prieftt, tot thepurchafe of 
 the railing belonging to the Morai. Mr. King had hit 
 doubt* iefp«^ing tw decency of this overtunv and 1^ 
 
 I 
 
 but 
 ing 
 
 prehcnded the prouofal might be deemed impiout 1 1 
 inthia he wai much miftaken:. fpr an application be...- 
 made for the fame, they exprefTed no kind of furprize, 
 and the wood wkt delivered without the leaft (tipula- 
 tioa. While our people were taking it awav, Mr. King 
 law one of them with a carved image 1 and, upon en* 
 qfliry, he «ai informetl, that the h'HoIc fcmicircle (at 
 nMiuioncd in the defcription of the Moral) had been 
 carried 10 the boatt. Though the nativei were fpec- 
 uton of thli bufineCi, they did not fccm to refeiu it i 
 but on the contrary, had even afliftcd in the removal. 
 Mr. King ihousht proper to mention the particulars 
 to Kaoo 1 who lecmed exceedingly indifferent about the 
 matter, begging him only to rcftorc the ecntcr image 1 
 which was immediately done, and it was conveyed to 
 one of the pricft's houfes. 
 
 Fc^r fome time, the king, and hit chiefs, had been 
 very im|)ortunate to know the time of our departure. 
 From this circumlYance. Mr* King's curiofity was ex- 
 cited to know the opinion thefe people had entertained 
 of ui, and what they fuppofed to be the ubjcdl of our 
 voyage. He took confiaerable pains to fat'isfy himfelf 
 reipedling thcfe points; but the only infurmatiun he 
 could get was, that they fuppofed we had left our na- 
 tive country on account of ttic fcantincfs of proviflons, 
 and that we had vifitcd them for the fole purpofe of 
 filling our bellies. This runclufion wa« natural enough, 
 confidcring the meagre appearance of fome of our crew 1 
 the voracity with which we devoured their frtfli provi- 
 fions I and our anxiety to purchafe as much of it as \vc 
 were able. It was a matter of entertainment to fee 
 the natives patting the iKllies of the failors (who were 
 much improved in tlceknefs llncc their atitval at the 
 bay) and telling them, in the bcfl manner they could, 
 that it was time for them to depart t but if they would 
 return the next bread-fruit feafon, they Ihould be better 
 able to fupply them. We had now continued fixtccn 
 days in the bay, during which time our confumption of 
 hogs and vegetables, nad been fo enormous, that wc 
 need not be lurprizcd at their wifhing to fee us take our 
 leave. But Terrceoboo had, perhaps, no other view, 
 in his enquiries, than a defire of having fiiflkicnt no- 
 tice, to prepare fuitable prcfents for us at our depar- 
 ture! for wlten we informed him of our intention to 
 quit the ifland in two days, a kind of proclamation 
 was made, requiring the natives to bring in their hogs, 
 and vegetables, for Terreeoboo to prefent to tne 
 Orono. 
 
 We were this day much entertained, at the beach, 
 with the bufToonerict of one of the nativet. He held in 
 hit hand an inftmment of muftc, fuch as we have al- 
 ready defcribed : bits of fea-weed were faflened round 
 his neck i and, round each leg, fome ftrong netting i 
 whereon were fixed rows of dogs teeth, hanging loole. 
 Hit dancing wat accompanied with ftrangc grimaces, 
 aiyl unnatural diftortiont of the features, which were 
 fometimes highly ridiculout, and.uponthe whole, with- 
 out nneaning or exprefjion. But the wrcftling and 
 boxing matcnet afforded us good diveriion for the even- 
 ing! and, in return, we exhibited the few fire-workt we 
 had remaining. Nothins could moreefTeAually excite 
 the admiration of thcfe l^andcn,or ftrike them with 
 more exalted ideas of our fuperiority, than fuch a re- 
 prcfenution: notwithftanding this wat, in every re- 
 fped, much inferior to that exhibited at Hapace, yet 
 the aftoniOiment of thefe people wat equally great. 
 
 The carpenters who had been fent up the country to 
 cut plankt for the head raiUwork of our (hip, die Rc" 
 folution. had now been gone three dayt, and, not hav« 
 ing heard from them, we began to be alarmed for their 
 fafety. We exprefled our apprehenfions to Kaoo, yiho, 
 appeared equally concerned with ourfclvesi but while 
 we were planning ineafures with him, for fending pro- 
 per perions after them, they all fafely arrived. Ou| 
 people had gone fiutber into the country than they ex- 
 pcdcd. before they foumj any tree* Aiitabk for their 
 purpoiJe. This cuxumfUnee, together ^ith the bad- 
 ncAof the roads, and the difficulty of conveying tinv 
 ber to the (bipa, had ibiong dcuined them. TMy be- 
 ^w«i}-h|^G»innwnda(i(w>oo th^rgMtdf** wno not 
 
inipioui I but 
 ic«tion being 
 J of furprize, 
 lead ftipula. 
 tav.Mr.Kiflg 
 10, upon cn« 
 cmicircle (a« 
 ai) had been 
 ■ were fpcc- 
 to lefent it i 
 the removal, 
 e particulara 
 ent about tho 
 tenter image I 
 conveyed to 
 
 fi, had beeo 
 If departure, 
 ifity waa ex- 
 entertained 
 jjcdl of our 
 htisfy himftif 
 brmation he 
 c-ft our na. 
 )f provifions, 
 e purpofe of 
 ura I enough, 
 of our crew i 
 frtfli provi- 
 h of it as \vc 
 iiK-iit to fee 
 s (nho were 
 mival at tlie 
 ■ they could, 
 f they would 
 luld be better 
 nued (Ixtcen 
 nfumption of 
 ous, that we 
 e us take our 
 other view, 
 fu ilk lent no- 
 it our depar- 
 r intention to 
 proclamation 
 in their hoes, 
 fcnt to tne 
 
 It the beach. 
 He held in 
 we have aU 
 (Icned round 
 >ng netting t 
 mging ioo^. 
 fc gnmacea, 
 which were 
 whole, with- 
 reflling and 
 for the even- 
 ire-worka we 
 iually excite 
 > them with 
 1 fuch a re- 
 n every re- 
 Hapaee, yet 
 ly great, 
 e country to 
 )ip, the Re- 
 id, not hav- 
 ned for their 
 ) Kaoo, virha^ 
 I; but while 
 ending pro- 
 rivcd. Ouf 
 an theyex- 
 le for their 
 th the bad- 
 vcying tinw 
 , Tiwybe- 
 W, who not 
 enl/ 
 
 . I 'lfl JU i 
 
 » • UK 
 
 COok'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACH'.'C OCEAN, &c. 383 
 
 only fupplied them with provifioni, but faithfully pro- 
 tedted their tool*. Havmg fixed on Thuifday, the 
 4th of IVbruary, for our departure, Terrccoboo in- 
 vited Captain Cook, and Mr. King, to attend him on 
 the 3d, to Kaoo'a refldencc. On our arrival there, we 
 fuw large quaniitiei o( cloth flattered on the ground t 
 abundance of red and yellow feathers, faftencd td the 
 fibres of cocoa-nut hulKsi and plenty of hatchets and 
 iion ware, which had been received from us in barter. 
 Not far from thcfe was depofited an immenfc (]uantity 
 of various kimls of vegetablc^i and at a tittle dillance, 
 a large herd of hogs. We ftippofed, at Hrlt, that the 
 whole was intended as a prcfent for us^ but we were in- 
 formed by Kaircckeea, that it was a tribute to the king, 
 from the inhabitants of that dillridt Wc were no 
 fooner featcd than the bundles were brought, and laid 
 fcvenilly at Terreeoboo's feet i and the cloth, feathers, 
 and iron, were difplayed before him. The king was 
 perfectly fatisficd with this mark of Aaty from his peo- 
 ple; and having fcledted about one third of the iron 
 utenfils, one third of the feathers, and fomc pieces of 
 cloth, he ordered thefe to be fet afide by themfelvesj and 
 the remainder of the cloih, hogs, vegetables, Lc. were 
 afterwards prefented to Captain Cook and Mr. King. 
 The value and nugnitudc of this prcfent, far exceeded 
 •ny thing that wc had before received. The whole 
 mmedintely conveyed on board) and the large 
 
 was 
 
 >igj 
 
 hogs were fct apart for fea Oorest but the fmaller 
 and vegetables, were divided between the crews, 
 fame d.iy wc quitted the Moral, and got our obfervato- 
 rit'S on board. The taboo was removed, anil, with it 
 vaninied its magical ctVcds; for as Toon as wc had 
 (Quitted the pl.icc, the iKople rufhed in, and vigilantly 
 Icarched, in hopes of hnding fome valuable articles lett 
 behind. Mr. King being the lad onfhorc. and waiting 
 fur the return ot the boat, the inhabitants crowded 
 about him, and having prevailed upon him to (it down 
 among them, exprcfled their regret at our feparation. 
 It was even with difficulty that they would fuller him to 
 depart. Having had, while we lav in the bay, the com- 
 mand of the party on (hore, he became more ac- 
 quainted with the natives, than thofe who were re- 
 quired to be on board. From the inhabitants in gene- 
 ral, he experienced great kindnel^t hut the friendfhip 
 (hewn by the prieus was conftant and unbounded. 
 On the other hand, Mr. King was anxious to conciliate 
 their eftecm s in which he fo happily fucceeded, that 
 when they were made acquainted with the time of our 
 departure, he waC urged to remain behind, and re- 
 ceived overtures of the moA flattering kind. When 
 he endeavoured to excufc hiinfclf, by alledging, that 
 the Commodore would not permit it, they propoied to 
 condudl him to the mountains, and there conceal him 
 till the departure of the (hips. On Mr. King's aflur- 
 ing them that the (hips would not fail without him, the 
 Kmg and Kaoo repaired to Captain Cook, (whom they 
 fiippufi-d to be his father) requeding formally, that he 
 might be fullered to remain behind. The Commodore 
 unwilling to give a pofitive refufal, to a propofal fogc- 
 neroully intended, allured them, that he could not part 
 with him at prcfent, but he (liould return thither the 
 next year, w hen he would endeavour to oblige them. 
 On Tharfday the 4th of February, early in the morn- 
 ing, having unmoored, the Refolution and Difcovery fct 
 fail, and cleared the harbour, attended by a vad num- 
 ber of canoes. We propofed to (hape our courfe for 
 Mowec; aswehiid been informed, that in the iHand 
 there was a fine harbour, and excellent water, but Cap- 
 tain Cook intended to finilh firft the furvcy of Owhyhee, 
 before he went thither, hoping to meet with a road 
 more (lieitered than Karak;ikooi Bay. Wc had not 
 been long under fail, when the king, who had omitted 
 to take his leave of Captain Clerkc, as not expecting 
 qur departure to be fo fudden. came after the (hips, 
 accompanied by the young prince, in a failing canoe, 
 bringing with them ten large hogs, a great number of 
 fowls, and a fmall turtle (a great rarity) with bread- 
 fruit in abundance. They alio brought with them great 
 quantities of cocoa-nuts, plantains, and fugar-canes. 
 Bcfidcs other pcrlbni of diitin<fUon, who accompanied 
 
 I 
 
 the king, thae uas an old pried, who had alwaya 
 diewn a particular attachment in Captain Cicrke, and 
 w ho had not been unrewarded for his civility. It being 
 rather late when they reached the Difcovery, they Aaiu 
 on board but a few hours, aiul then all departed, ex- 
 cept the old pried, and fomc girls, who had the King'* 
 periniflion to remain on board, till they (hould arrive at 
 fomc of the neighbouring iflet. We were now deering 
 with a fine breeze, but jud at the clofc of evening, to 
 our great mortification, the wind died away, and agrciit 
 fwcirfuccccding, with a drong current fctting right in 
 for Ihorc, we were in the utmod danger, particularly 
 the Difcovery, ofbcingdriven upon the rocks. Atthii 
 time the old pried, who had been fent to deep in the 
 great cabin, leaped over-board unfecn with a large 
 piece of Kuflian fdk, Captain CIcrke'i property, and 
 iwam to (bore. 
 
 On Friday the 5th, we had calm weather, and made 
 but little way. Seeing a large canoe between us and 
 the diore, we hove to tor her coming up, and to our 
 great furprize |)erceivcd the old king, with fcveral of 
 his chiefs, having with them the pried who had dolci^ 
 thefilk, bound I. nd and foot, whom the kingdeliM 
 vered to Captain Clerke, at the fame time requcding 
 that his fault might be forgiven. The king being told 
 his requed was granted, unboiir.d him, and fct him at 
 liberty 1 telling the Captain that, feeing him with the 
 (ilk, he judged it was nut hisown.therclore ordered him 
 10 be apprehended s and h.id taken this method of ex- 
 poling nim. for having injured his friend. This was a 
 lingular indance of judicc, which we did not expert to 
 fee among thefe people. As foon as they had delivercif 
 the filk, which the king refufed to accept, they de- 
 parted. Having a light oreeze in the night, we made 
 a little progrefs to the northward. 
 
 On Saturday the 6th, in the morning, we were a- 
 bread of a deep bay, called by the natives Toc-yah-yah. 
 We flattered ourlelves with hnding a commodious har- 
 bour h<-re; for we faw fomc fine dreams of water to the 
 N. E. and the whole appeared to be well Ihcltered. 
 Thefe obfervations fecm^ng to tally with the accounft 
 given by Koah, who « as how on board the Refolution, 
 the mader was fent in the pinnace, with Koah as his 
 guide, to examine the bay ; but, before they fet off, 
 Koah altered his name, out of compliment to us, to 
 that of Britannee. In the afternoon, the weather be- 
 came gloomy, and fuch violent guds of wind blew off 
 the land, that wc were obliged to take in all the fails, 
 and bring to, under the niizen- day-fail. Soon after 
 the gale began, all the canoes left us; and Mr. Bligh, 
 on his return, preferved an old woman and two mci^ 
 from drowniiijg, whofc canuc had been overfet in the 
 dorm. We had fcveral women remaining on board, 
 whom the natives, in their hurry to depart, had left to 
 (hift for thenifelves. Mr. Bligh reported, that he had 
 landed at a village on the north fide of the bay, where 
 he was diewn fome wells of water, that would not, by 
 any means anfwer our purpofe ; that he proceeded far- 
 ther into the bay ; where, indead of finding good an- 
 chorage, he obferved the fhorei to be low, anda flat bed 
 of coral rocks extended along the coad, and upwards of 
 a mile from the land ; the depth of water, on the out- 
 fide, being twenty fathoms. During this furvcy Bri- 
 tannee had contrived to flip away. His information 
 having proved erroneous, he might, perhaps, be afraid 
 of returning. In the evening the weather became 
 more moderate, when we again made fail ; but it blew 
 fo violently about midnight, as to fplit the fore and 
 main- top fails. 
 
 On Sunday the 7th, in the morning, we bent frcfh 
 fails. Being now about four or five leagues from the 
 fliore, and the weather very unfettlcd, the canoes would 
 not venture ofl; fo that our female gucds were under 
 the neceflity of remaining with us, though, at this time, 
 much againd their inclination ; for they were all ex- 
 ceedingly fcadck, and many of them had left their in. 
 fants on (hore. The weather continued fqually, yet we 
 dood in for land, in the afternoons and being within 
 three leagues of it, we faw two inen paddUng towards, 
 us. We conje&ured, that tijiey had been driven off 
 
 ■ the 
 
 
 V 
 
 'lil 
 
 ii 
 
sH 
 
 Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 fi. 
 
 tf 
 
 t*ic fliore, by the late boifteroui weather i and there- 
 fore (lopped the (hip't way, in order touke them in. 
 Thefe poor wretches were fo exhaufted by fatigue, that 
 had not one of the nativM on board jumped into the 
 canoe to their allinance, (hey would hardiv have br en 
 able to Rx it to the rope thrown out for tnat purpofe. 
 h will with great difticulty that we got them up the 
 (hip's lidc, together with a child about four years of age, 
 which had been tadied under the thwarts of the canoe, 
 with only its head above the Water. They had left the 
 (horc the morning before, and had been, from that 
 time, without food or. water. The ufual precautions 
 were taken in giving them vidluals, and the child being 
 committed to the care of the women, they were all per 
 fctitly recovered by the next morning. At midnight a 
 gale of wind coming on, we were obliged to double 
 reef the top-fails, and get down the top-gallant yards. 
 
 On Monday the 8tn, at day-break, «c found that 
 the fore-malt had again given way; the fiihes being 
 fpruiig, and the parts fo very defcaive," as to make it 
 abfolutciy necelTary to unftcp the malt. Captain Cook 
 for fome time hehtated, whether he (hould return to 
 Karakakooa, or take the chance of finding a harbour 
 in the iflands to the leeward. I'he bay was not fo com- 
 modious, but that a better might probably be met with, 
 either for repairing the matts, or procuring rifrcfli- 
 mcnts i the latter of which, it was imagined, the neigh- 
 bourhood of Karakakooa had lately been pretty well 
 drained of. It was, on the other hand, confidcrcd, as 
 an imprudent ftep, to leave a tolerable good harbour, 
 which, once loft, could not be regained, for (he mere 
 pofllbility of meeting with a better) efpecially, as the 
 failure of fuch a contingency, might have deprived us 
 of any refource. We now ftood on towards the land, 
 to give the natives on Ihore an opportunity of rclcafing 
 their friends wi board ; and, about noon, when we were 
 within a mile of the Iborc, fcveral canoes came oif to 
 us, but fo loaded with people, (hat no room could be 
 found for any of our guefts ; the pinnace was there- 
 fore hoiftcd out to land them ; and the inaftcr who com- 
 manded it, was inftrudled to examine the fouth coafts 
 of the bay for water, but returned without fuccefs. Va- 
 riable winds, and a (irong current to the northward, re- 
 tarded their return. 
 
 On Tucfday the 9th, at eight o'clock, A. M. it blew 
 very hard from the S. E. which occafioned us to clofc 
 reef the top-fails. 
 
 On VVednefday the loth, at two o'clock, A. M. in a 
 heavy fquall, we found ourfclves clofe in with thi- 
 
 breakers, to the northward of the weft point of Owlnr 
 fiee. We had juft room to avoid them, and fired fc- 
 veral guns to alarm the Difcovery, and apprize her of 
 
 danger. In the forenoon, the weather had been more 
 moderate. A few canoes ventured to come off to us, 
 when we were infonned by thofc belonging to them, 
 that much mifchief had been occafioned by the late 
 ftorms, and that a great many canoes had been loft. 
 We kept beating to windward the remainder of the 
 day; and, in the evening, were within a mile of Kara- 
 kakooa bay: but we ftood oft' and on till day-light, 
 the next morning, when we caft anchor in our old fta- 
 tion. 
 
 On Thurfday the nth, and part of the 12th, all 
 hands were employed in getting out the fore-maft, and 
 conveying it on ftiore. Befides the damage which the 
 head of the mart had fuftained, the heel of it was found 
 by the' carpenters, exceeding rotten, having a large 
 hole in the middle. As the ncceflary repairs were likely 
 to take up feveral days, Mr. Bayly and Mr. King got 
 the aftronomical apparatus on lliore, and pitched their 
 tents on the Moral, gviarded by a corporal and fix ma 
 rines. A friendly intcrcourfe was renewed with the 
 priefts, who, for our greater fe<:urity, tabooed the place 
 with their wands as before. The fail-makers were fent 
 on fliore to repair the damages, in their department, 
 fufta'.ned by the late heavy gales. They occupied a 
 houfeadjoining to the Monti, that was lent us by the 
 priefts. Such were the arrangements on (hore. But 
 on coming to anchor in the bay, our reception was fo 
 very di^ereiu from what it had been upoit our firft ar- 
 
 rival, that we were all afloniflied : no ftiouts were heard, 
 no buftic or confufion, by the motions of the natives, 
 were perceived 1 but we found ourrdvcs inafolitary, 
 deferted bay, with hardly a friend appearing, or a ca- 
 noe ftirring. Their curiolity, indei-d, mignt be fup- 
 pofed (o be diminifhed by this time 1 but the hofpitable 
 treatment we had been continually favoured with, and 
 the friendly manner in which we parted, induced us to 
 expert that, on our return, they would have rrceivrd 
 us with the greateft demonftrations of joy. Various 
 were our conji-ehires on the caufe of this extraordinary 
 appearance, when our anxiety was in part relieved by 
 ine return of our boat, the crew of which brought us 
 intelligence, that Terreeoboo was abfcnt, and that the 
 bay was tabooed. This account ap|>earcd very fatis- 
 faCtory to many of our company ; but fome were of 
 opinion, that there was, at this time, fomewhat very 
 fufpicious in the behaviour of the natives ; and that the 
 taboo, or interdidion, on pretence of the king's "ab- 
 lencc, was contrived artfully, to afford him time to con- 
 fult his chiefs in what "manner we fliouid be treatctl. 
 Whether thofe liifpicions were well founded, or the ac- 
 coint given by the natives was the truth, we were never 
 able to afceitain. I'or though it is not improliablr, 
 that our fuddcn return, for which they could fee no ajv- 
 parent caufe, and the neccftity of which we afterwards 
 found it very difficult to make 4hcm comprehend, 
 might occalion fome alarm t yet the unfulbicious con- 
 du^of Terreeoboo, who, on his fuppofea arrival, the 
 next morning, came immediately to vilit Captain Cook, 
 and the con^qucnt return of the natives to their former 
 friendly intercourfc withus.areftrong proofs that they 
 neither meant, nor apprehended, any change of con- 
 dud. In fupport of this opinion, we may add the ac- 
 count of another accident, precifcly of the fame kind 
 which happened to us, on our firft vifit. the day before 
 the king's arrival. A native having fold a hog on 
 board our (hip, and received the price agreed on, Parcea, 
 who faw the (ranfadlion, advifed the feller not to pare 
 with his hog, without an advanced price. For his in- 
 terference in this bufinefs, he was harQiW fpoken to, 
 and puftied away ; and as the taboo was (oon laid oit 
 the bay, we, at firft, fuppofed it to be the confcquence 
 of the affront offered to the chief. Both thefc eventi 
 ferve to (hew how extremely difficult it is to draw any 
 certain conclufion from the condudl of a people, with 
 whole language and cuftoms we were fo imperfedly 
 acquainted. Some idea, however, may be formed of 
 the difficulties thofe have to encounter, who in their 
 intcrcourfe with thefe ftrangers, are obliged to fteer their 
 courfe in the midft of uncertainties, when the molt 
 ferious confequcnces may be expected by only imaginary 
 oflfc-nces. However true or falfe our conjedtures may 
 be, it is certain this day, the (2th, things went on in 
 their ufual quiet courfe. 
 
 On Saturday the 13th, at the approach of evening, 
 the officer who cominandcd the watering party of the 
 Difcovery, came to inform Mr. King, that fevenil 
 chiefs were aflembled near the beach, and were driving 
 away the natives, who afltfted the failors in rolling the 
 calks to the fliore; declaring, at the fame time, that 
 their behaviour feemed to be very fufpicious, and he 
 imagined they would give him fome fertherdifturbancc. 
 Mr. King, agreeable to his requeft, fent a marine with 
 him, but permitted him to take only his fide arms. 
 The officer, in a fliort time, returned, and informed 
 Mr. King, that the inhabitants had armed themfclves 
 with ftones, and were become very tumultuous. Mr. 
 King therefore went himfelf to the watering place, at- 
 tended by a marine with his mufquct. Seeing them 
 approach, the iflanders threw away their ftones, and, 
 on Mr. King's application to fome of the chiefs, the 
 mob was difpcrfed. Every thing being now quiet, 
 Mr. King went to meet Captain Cook, who was com- 
 ing on (horc in the pinnace. He related to the Com- 
 modore all that had recently hiippened, and received 
 orders t» fire ball at the offenders, ftiould they again be- 
 have infolcntly, and in cafe of their beginniiw to throw 
 ftones. In confcquence of thefe orders Mr. King com- 
 manded the corporal to give diredions,that the fentinels 
 . pieces 
 
COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— Tb the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 
 
 585 
 
 t hcan!, 
 
 native*, 
 folitary, 
 nr a ca- 
 
 bc fiip- 
 •rpitable 
 ith, ami 
 rrd us to 
 rcccivfj 
 
 Various 
 ordinary 
 icvcd by 
 nui^ht us 
 
 that the 
 cry fatis- 
 
 were of 
 hat very 
 
 that the 
 ing's "ab- 
 le to con- 
 
 treatctl. 
 the ac- 
 
 piecci (hoiild be loaded with btll, inftead of (hot. On 
 our return to the tenu, we hctrd a continued Bre of the 
 mufuueti from the Difcovery, which wc obTcrvcd lobe 
 directed at a canoe, that we Taw paddling toward* the 
 fhore. in ereat hafte, and purTued by one of our fmall 
 boats. We imntcdiately concluded, that the firing wai 
 in conrequence of fome theft, and Captain Cook 
 ordered Mr. King to follow him with a marine 
 armed, and to endeavour to feiie the people at they 
 came on ihore. Accordingly, we ran towarda the 
 place where we imagined the canoe would land, but 
 were too latci the people having quitted it, and 
 made their efcape into the country before our arrival. 
 Wc were at this time ignorant, that the goods had 
 been aireatiy rcftorcd; and thinking it probable, 
 from the circuntdanccs we had at firft obferved, that 
 they might be of importance, for thia reafon, we were 
 unwillii^ to relinquiOi our hopes of recovering them. 
 J-taving therefore enquired ot the natives which way 
 the fugitives had gone, we followed them, till it was near 
 dark, when judgim; ourfelves to be three miles from 
 the tents, and fufpcifling that the natives, who fre- 
 quently encouraged us in the purfuit, were amuling us 
 with falfc information, we thought it in vain to contmue 
 our fcarch any longer, and therefore returned to the 
 beach. During our abfcnce a difference of a more 
 ferious nature had happened. The oflicer who had 
 been difpatched in the fmall boat after the thieves, and 
 who was returning on board with the goods that had 
 been reftored, fccmg Captain Cook and Mr. King en- 
 gaged in the purfuit of the ol)cnders,fcizcd a canoe which 
 was drawn upon the (liore. This canoe belonged to 
 Parcca.our friend, who at that inflant,arriving from on 
 board the Difcovery, claimed his property, andprotellcd 
 his innocence. However, the olhcer periifted in de- 
 taining it, in which he was encouraged by the crew of 
 the pinnace, then waiting for the Comniodore. The 
 confequeiKcof this imprudent conduct was, what might 
 have been expe£led : ai:uffle enfued; and Pireea un-< 
 fortunately was knocked down, by a violent blow on 
 the head with an oar. Several of the natives, who had 
 hitherto been unconcerned fpeQators, began now to at- 
 tack our people with fuch a Ihower of ftones, that they 
 were compelled to make a precipitate retreat, and fwam 
 off to a rock, at a confiderable diftance from the (hore. 
 The pinnace was plundered immediately by the natives, 
 and would have been entirely demoliflied, had not 
 Pareea interpofed, who had not only recovered fnmi 
 his blow, but had alfo forgot it at the fame inflant. 
 He ordered the crowd to dilpcrfe, and beckoned to our 
 people to come and take pofleflion of the pinnace 1 
 and afterwards aflured them, that he wOuld u(e hi* in- 
 fluence to get the things reflored which had been uken 
 out of it. After their departure, he followed them in 
 his canoe, carrying them a midfliipman% cap, and fome 
 other articles; and expreinng much .concern at what 
 had happened, begged to know, if the Orono would 
 kill him? And, whether he might be permitted to go 
 on' board the next day? He waa aflured that he would 
 be well received t upon which he joined nofes with the 
 officers (their ufual token of amity) and paddled over 
 to Kowrowa. When thefe particulars were related to 
 Captain Cook, he was exceedingly concerned: and 
 when the Captain and Mr. King were returning on 
 board, the former exprefled his fears, that thefe ilUnd- 
 era wmild oblige him, though much againft hia inclina- 
 tion, to ofe violent meafures with themi adding, they 
 muft not be permitted to fuppofe that they had gained 
 an advantage over ui. It waa too late to take any fteps 
 this evening, the Commodore therefore only gave oiden, 
 that every native flwuld be immediately turned out of 
 the ihips. Thia order haviiw been executed, Mr. 
 King returned to his Ration on fhore 1 and the events of 
 the day having much abated our former confidence in 
 the natives, we polled a double guard m the Moiai, 
 with orders to fendto Mr. King and let him know,if any 
 of the natives were &ea lurking aboutthe beach#( At 1 1 
 o'clock, five of the natives were feen cfcepina round the 
 bottom of the Moral : they approached filentfy with great 
 xaution, but, perceivuig they were difi^vered, inunedi- 
 No. 71. 
 
 Iately retifcd out of fight. At mtdnighr, one of them 
 ventured vtrf near the obfervatory, when one of the 
 fcntincla find over him t whereupon he, with fome 
 othen, Ikd with great precipitation, and wc had no 
 ■farther molcftukm during the remainder of the night. 
 The temper of thefe iflandcrs wa* now totally changed > 
 and for (ome daya pafl, at may be feen from our idur- 
 nal, they became more and more troublefome. In the 
 courfe of thia dav, feveraf partiet of them were bufy 
 in roiliM Aunca from thcedue of the hill, with a view. 
 at was (iqtpofed, to annoy the fhipii but rhefe were at 
 too great a diflance to receive any damage ( however, 
 the Commodore looking upon thit aa an infult, ordered 
 fome of our great guns to oe fired among them, and, in 
 left than ten minutes, not an Indian was to be feen near 
 the place. In the afternoon Terreeoboocameon board,. 
 arid complained of our having killed two of hit people, 
 intimating, at the fame time, that they had not the 
 Icaft intention of hurting ut. He continued onboard 
 near two houri, amufing himfelf with feeing our ar- 
 mourcn work, and requefted that they might be per- 
 mitted to make him a pahooa fan inftrument ufcd in 
 battle, when they come to dole quarters) which wat 
 immediately done. 
 
 Sunday, the 14th of February, 1779. This is that 
 memorable day, in which are comprized the aifedling 
 incidents, and melancholy particulars, that concluded 
 with the aflaflination of our beloved and honoured 
 Comnuxlore. Very early in the morning, a party of 
 th^ iflandcrs were perceived, who made a great lamen* 
 tation, and movea flowly along to the &atii\g of a 
 drum, that gave fcarcely a flroke in a minute. From 
 this circumflance our people fuppofed, they were bury- 
 ing the dead who had been killed the preceding day. 
 At day break Mr. King repaired on board the Refolu- 
 tion, in order to examine the time-keeper. In hit way 
 thither, he was hailed by the Difcovery, and received 
 the alairming information, that their cutter had been 
 ftolen, in fome time of the night, from the buoy, 
 where it was moored. The bcwt's painter had been 
 cut two fiithoms from the buoy, and the remainder of 
 the rope was gone with the boar. Thit gave caufe fuf- 
 flcient to fufped that fonK villany wat hatching by the 
 iflandert, and that ill con&quencet would follow fuch a 
 daring theft. With thefe thoughtt Mr. King haftened 
 on board the Refolution, whofe whole company were by, 
 this time in motion. On his arrival, he found the nu- 
 rines arming, the crew preparing to warp the ftiip 
 nearer to the fhore, and Capuin Cook loading hia 
 double barrel gun. He began with a relation of what 
 had happened m the night at the Moral, when die Com- 
 modore interrupted him with fome eagemefs, and in- 
 formed him of^the lofa of the Difcovery's cutter, and 
 of the preparations he waa makingto recover it; add- 
 ing, that he was refolved to feize Terreeoboo, and to 
 confine him on board till the boat fhould be returned. , . 
 It had been Captain Cook't ufual practice, in all the 
 iflands of the ncific Ocean he had viflted, whenever 
 any thing of confequence had been ftolen by the na- 
 tivea, to get their kmg, or fome of the principal earees 
 on board, where he deuined them at prifonert, till the 
 property that had been loft wu reftorra; and this me- 
 thod having hitherto proved fucceftfiili he meant to 
 purfue it on the prcfent occafion. In confequence of 
 thiahafly determination, the Cominodore gave orders 
 to (lop every canoe that fhould attempt to leave the 
 bay i naving refoived to feize, and deflroy them, if the 
 cutter could not be recovered by lenient meafures. 
 To thia end the boats of both fhips, properly mapned 
 and armed, were ftationed acrofa the bay. The ifland- 
 ert obferving our nwtiont, and feeii^ the fhipt waiping 
 towardi the townt. of which there were two, one on 
 each fide of the harbour, they concluded that our de- 
 (ign wu to fieize their boati. In confequence of which 
 conjeAure, moft of th«r huge war canoet took the 
 alarm, and were makiiw off, when our guns, loaded 
 with gnpe and canifter (not, drove them back. 
 
 Between the houn of feven and eijriit o'clock. Cap- 
 tain Cook and Mr. IQng quitted.the (nip together i the 
 former in the pinnace, liayiiig Mr.Fhulipt, and nine , 
 7 I marines 
 
 '' 
 
 .ii.'::.l 
 
 m 
 
\i 
 
 566 
 
 Capt. COO 
 
 VOYAGES COMPLETE 
 
 ':l^ 
 
 
 li'if 
 
 y It I 
 
 liii 
 
 ■'t, 
 
 nurincK with hum Mi the liitwr in a fiiMll bma. The 
 Un order* CapcainCook gave Mr. KHig. were, •■ quiet 
 the mirjt of the people on hii Me of the Buy, bv the 
 nrongcn aflurancet itiat thejr fiouid not be nHirocIt to 
 keep nit people louether, aiid to be oontinuaiiy on hii 
 guard. Captain Cook and Mr. King then parted ( the 
 formcrintcndinfftoproceed to Kowrowa, where I'errceo- 
 boo rclided, and the latter to the beach. When Mr. 
 King had landed, he perceived many of the war- 
 riori of Owhyhee were cloathed in their military mati, 
 though without armi i that they were gathcrinu toge- 
 ther in a body from every direttliont and that u\ty »(- 
 fumed a very diArent countenance to what they uuiully 
 wore upon all former occafionn i he therefore, when ar- 
 rived at hit nation on (hore. ilTued lUidt ordcrt to the 
 niarinet, to continue within the tent, to charge their 
 inufqueu with ball, and not, on any confideration, to 
 quit their armt. Thit done, he waited upon old Kaoo. 
 and the prieftt, at their rcfpeiilive huts, and explained 
 to them, at well at he wat able, the rcafon of the hollilc 
 
 ftreparationi, which had fo exceedingly alarmed them. 
 it found they were no nrangt-rs to our loft of the cut- 
 ter, and alTurra them, that though the Commodore wat 
 refolved not only to recover it, but to punifli, in the 
 moft exemplary manner, the perpetrators of the theft i 
 yet they, and all the inhabitants of the viilauc, on our 
 fide, need not be alarmed, nor apprehend the leaft 
 danger from ut. He defired the pritfts to communi- 
 cate the motives by which we were adluated in our pre- 
 fent condu(fl, to the people, and to intreat them not to 
 entertain groundlefs tears, but, confiding in ogr dccia- 
 rations, to remain peaceable arid quiet. Mr. King hav- 
 ing thus made known our real intention, Kaoo afked, 
 with great emotion, if Terreeoboo, the king, was to be 
 hurtf Mr. King declared he was not; upon which both 
 Kaoo and the reft of the priefts fccmcU much fatisfied 
 with this alTurancc. 
 
 In the interval of thefe tranfadlions, Captain Cook 
 having called off the launch from the N. part of the 
 Bey, and taken it with him, landed, regnrcllefs of ap- 
 pearances, at Kowrowa, with Mr. Phillips, lieutenant of 
 the marines, a ferjeant, and nine privates. He pro- 
 ceeded imntediately into the village, where he was re- 
 ceived refpedlfully; the people, as ufual, prodratins 
 themfelvea before him, and making their accuftomed 
 offerings of fmall hogs ; but it was obferved, that the 
 chiefs were in fonK confternation on feeing the Captain 
 and his guard, and that they foon difappcared one alter 
 another. The Commodore perceiving that his main 
 defign was nbt fufpeded, the next Aep he took was, to 
 enquire for the king, and the two boys, his font, who 
 had been his conflant guefts on board the Refolution. 
 In a Ihort time the boys returned, with fome of the na- 
 tives who had txen fent in fearch of them; and con- 
 du(fled Captain Cook to the habitation where Terreeo- 
 boo had (iept. The old king had iuft awoke, and the 
 Captain adJretTed him in the miideft terms; aflliring 
 him, that no violence was intended againft his perfon, 
 or any of his people; but only againit thofe who had 
 been guilty of a moft unprecedented adt of robbery, by 
 cutting from her mooringsonc of the (hip's boats, with- 
 out which they could neither conveniently water, nor 
 carry on the necefliiry communication with the fhore; 
 requiring of the king, at the fame time, to give orders 
 for the cutter to be reiVored without delay ; and requeft- 
 ing his company with hhn on board, till his wden 
 Ihould be carried into execution. Terreeoboo, in reply, 
 protefted his totaf ignorance of the theft; faid he was 
 very ready to affift in difcovering the author of it, and 
 ihould be clad to fee htm punifhed-; but he (hewed 
 great unwillingnefs. to tru(( his perfon with thoTc who 
 had lately exercilcdunurual (everiticaagBin(t hb people. 
 He was told, that the tumaltuous appearance of his 
 people, and their repeated d^^predations, made (bme 
 uncommon fcverities necelTiry ; but that not the kaft 
 hurt (houid'be done to the meaneft^ inhabitam of his 
 idand by any peiibn belonging to thelbips; and all' 
 that was neceflkiy for the continuance of peace, was; to 
 pledge himlblf for the honelly of his people. With 
 that view, and that onlyt be came to requeft the king 
 
 I 
 
 T" 
 
 to place toiihdcncc m hm. and to make the Relolution 
 
 "° ""*'" '*•* ""^* ettedtual meant of putting a (top 
 
 to the robberies that were daily and hourly committed 
 
 ^j J^P'*' '**•' " '*" """• '"** ** '*»'<• '•" rtiips, 
 and which were now fo daring at to become infuff^r* 
 able. The king upon thit remonftrance arofc; and ac* 
 cepted the invitation. 
 
 In about half an hour Terreeoboo fet out with Cap* 
 tain Cook, to attend him on board; and tvtry thins 
 had a prolperous appearance. The two boys were aU 
 ready in the pinnace, and the reft of the party were ap- 
 proaching the water-fide; when a woman, named Ka- 
 nec-kabereea, the mother of the boyt, and one of Tcr- 
 recoboo's favourite wives, followed him, and with many 
 tears and intreatiet befought him not to venture on 
 board. At the fame time, two warriort who came a. 
 long with her, laid hold of the king, infifting he Diould 
 proceed no farther, and obliged him to lit down. A 
 large body of the iflanders had by this time got toge- 
 ther, who had probably been alarmed by the difchar- 
 ging of the great guns, and the hottilc appearances in 
 the bay. They now bcijan to behave outrageoiiny. and 
 to infult the guard. Thus fituatcd, Mr. Phillips, Lieu- 
 tenant of the marines, perceiving that his men were 
 huddled together in the crowd, confequcntly unable to 
 ufe their armt, ftiould there be a necelfity (or fo doing, 
 propofed to the Commodore to draw them up along the 
 rocks, dofe to the edge of the water; upon which the 
 Lieutenant received ordcrt to march, and, if an) one 
 oppofed, to (ire upon, or inftantly difpatch hint; but 
 the natives readily making way (or them to p.ilk, Mr. 
 Phillips drew them up in one line, within alwut thirty 
 yards of the place where Terreeoboo was fitting. The 
 old king continued all this time on the ground. His 
 eyes diftufed gloomy difcontent; his head drooped, 
 and his whole countenance was imprellbd with every 
 mark of terrqr and dcjcdtion ; as if he was poirclTcd 
 with a foreboding confcioufnefs of the catalirophe, in 
 the bloody tragedy that wat now about to be adlcd. 
 Captain Cook, unwilling to abandon the objeft which 
 occafioned him to come on (hore, urged liim moft ear- 
 neftly to proceed: but, on the other hand, if the king 
 appeared inclined to attend him. the furrounding chiefs 
 intcrpofed: at (irft they had recourfc to entreaties; but 
 afterwardt to force and violence, and even inlifted on 
 hit remaining on (hore; and the word was given, that 
 Tootee wat about to carry off their king, and to kill 
 him. 
 
 Captain Cook, at length, (inding that the alarm had 
 fprcad too generally, and being fenfible that there was 
 not a probability of getting Terreeoboo oft' without 
 much bloodlhed, thought it moft prudent to give up 
 the point; obferving to Mr. Phillips, that it would be 
 impoflible to compel the king to go on board, without 
 running the ri(k of killing a great number of the inha- 
 bitants. Thus the enterprize wat abandoned by Cap- 
 tain Cook ; nor did it appear, that hit perfon was in 
 the leaft degree of danger, till an accident happened, 
 the report of which brought (orth in an inftanta num- 
 ber of warriors from the crowd, and occafioned a htat 
 turn to the whole aftair. The boau ftationed acrofs thtf 
 Bay, having fired at fome war canoes, for attemptht^ to* 
 get out. had unfortunately killed one of their principal* 
 chiels. Intelligence of his death arrived at the (pot 
 where the Commodore then was. juft as he had parted! 
 from the king, and was walking (k>wly towards the 
 (hore. The ferment it oeca(ioned was imffiediattely 
 too confpicuoust the women and childran were kvune- 
 lUately fent away, and the men foon put on- their war 
 mats, and anmMt themlelvet with- fpears and ftones. 
 One of the natives having provided himTelf with two' 
 of thefe miflive wcaponsv advanced towards- Captain' 
 Om^ l)ouri(hi«|;alongiranfpike,ormh«KNKitideflance. • 
 and thieatcning to thiow the ftonc. The Captain made 
 fiant- for him to defiit, but the man perfifting in his in- 
 f<Men<c, and< mpeating his menaces' with Rmngt eri- 
 maces, hb wai provoMd to Ate a charae of fmall mat- 
 at him-s but the warrior being dtoftmarai l^ his mac, 
 which the ftiot could not (lenetmte, this ferved only to 
 iiritacc and encoun^ ^hc iflandbrt) wbofe-fighting meti^ 
 
 t»o«r • 
 
Clolutiori 
 
 ng B (top 
 mtmitted 
 thr fYiiptt 
 infuffer* 
 ;, and acA 
 
 ith Cap* 
 cry thing 
 I were aU 
 were ap- 
 imed Ku" 
 c ol' Tcr- 
 vkh many 
 enturc on 
 
 > came a- 
 hc Ihoiilii 
 iuwn. A 
 got togc- 
 i: difchar- 
 aranccs in 
 oiiny, and 
 lip.t, l.icu- 
 
 mcn were 
 
 unable tt> 
 
 r fo doing. 
 
 > along the 
 which the 
 if any one 
 
 him I but 
 ) pal's, Mr. 
 bout thirty 
 ing. 'Ihe 
 und. His 
 1 drooped, 
 with every 
 s poflcflla 
 iUophc, in 
 » be aiflcd. 
 ijeft which 
 n moft ear- 
 if the king 
 iding chiefs 
 reaticsi but 
 
 iniil\cd on 
 given, that 
 and to kill 
 
 B alarm had 
 It there was 
 oft' without 
 : to give up 
 it would he 
 ird, without 
 of the inha- 
 led by Cap- 
 rfon was in 
 t happened, 
 Itant a mim- 
 ioned a fttaf 
 ed acrofs thtf 
 ;tempthi5 to* 
 eir principaV 
 at the fpoi 
 e had partcdf 
 towards the 
 im(Aed'ia«ely 
 wereimine- 
 oA' their war 
 and (tones, 
 elf with two' 
 irds' Captain' 
 «tirtdcflancc, • 
 :apt«in made 
 ing in his in- 
 anutge gri- 
 of fmall moif 
 |i bf his mat, 
 ervedonly to 
 kfighting meri> 
 
 f ■■ 
 
 
 I * 
 
 
 if" 
 
 > 
 
 A ''. 
 
 ■'■ '':?' 1*^-1 
 
 
 1*:'"' •' '^ V ^, '-^--f '•- •■ T^^Ti--""- ^ 
 
 ^^■J^.U'.U 
 
 
 : Wai . • tii^'' It 'Si 'I'^T' i-.M 
 
 ^ ■-'.■i 
 
 iU*-.iSiSnail.kjr«.^i.-- 
 
 
 il 
 
 I'ir' 
 
 '•{it 
 
i 
 
 il 
 
COOKi THIRD and l.A^T VOVAfiK— To the HAClFIC OCEAN, fltc. 387. 
 
 esia 
 
 r. PhiHffli wWi hit fMihow, (fonw ^V the very f.me 
 lh«t WM im«J« b» our •rmouten, M t^e rcqucn of the 
 
 CTScditrf from h4 • blow with the biift c.,d of (.•• 
 IhufdUM. A «l«e«l att»ck with ftrtnc* njctrnlcd, and 
 the duirrd became general. t)n our fldc, the cun» from 
 Sic Ihipa began to iwur in thoir Hrr ujwn the imiltt- 
 nkk ofnativei, at did likcwife the marine Riiard, and 
 thofefromthehiMiii ncvcrthfUfH, thoiiRh the llaugh- 
 ttt «mong the iflamkrt wa« great, yet, cnragtil at they 
 pt*K. they ftood an inccfllint lire with afloiiiflung in- 
 tr«ui4»y» and. without giving time for the narin«» to 
 chai-Ke againi '^"^y ruflied in upon them with horrid 
 Ibnuit atul y"!'* What followed wai a fccne of horror 
 ^nd f(wifufion. vihrhcan morceafily he conceived than 
 n-lated Four of the marine*, corporal Thomai, and 
 three privates, namely. Ilinkt, Allen, and Fadgct, re- 
 Ifcated among the rock,, and fell vidlims to the fury of 
 the enemy, Three otiifr* were dangcroully wounded t 
 «nd the Lieuteiunt, who had ff^dved a (lab between 
 the Ihouldcri with a pahoot, having fortunately refer, 
 vcd hit fire, (Itot the man who had wounded nun, jull 
 Bi he wat going to repeat his blow. The laft time our 
 Commodore w« diUmdly fifn. he wa» ftanding at the 
 «ater'ft edge, ordering the boati to crafc firing, and 
 pull in; when a bafc aflaflln, coming behind him, and 
 firiking him on the head with hit club, filled him to 
 Ihe ground, in fuch a diredion, that he lay with his 
 face prone in the water. A general (bout was let up 
 by the iflandcrt on feeing the Captain fall, and his body 
 Mtu dragged on (hore, where he wat furroundcd by the 
 
 enemy, who, fnatihing the dagger from earh oihcr't 
 hand), difptaycd a favitge eagrmeri lo join in hit de* 
 ftriidion. It fl)o<ild fccm that their vcnucanie was di- 
 rected chiefly againll our CominiKtorc, by whom they 
 fup)>t)fcd their kin^ wa* to be dragged on hoard, and 
 punilhrd at difcrctlofii for, having fee u red hit txiJ/, 
 they fled without much itgarding tne rc(\ of the (lain, 
 one of whom they threw into the fta. 
 
 Thui ended the life of the greatcfi navigator that 
 this or any other nation could cvcrboaftoi: who led 
 hit rrcws of gallant Britifli fcamcn twice round the 
 world) reduced to a certainty the non-cxinvncc of A 
 .Southern continent, about which the learned of all na> 
 tiont were in doubt; fettled the boundaries of the earth 
 and feat and demonl^rated the impradicability of aN. 
 W. patfage from the Atlantic to the great Southern 
 (Xcan, for which our ablefl gcograpncrt had con- 
 tended, and in uurfuit of which va(\ furnt had beett 
 (pent in vain, ana many valuable marinert had mifcrably- 
 periliied. His de.ith was doubtleft prcmaturci ^et he 
 lived to accomplilli the great undertaking lor which he 
 fecmcd partiiularly deligiied. How linccrely his loft 
 was lamented, (we fpeak here in the language of hl| 
 pane^yrill) by thnfc who owed their fccurity to hit (kill 
 and conduct, aiui every confolation to hit tenderneCl 
 and humanity, It Is iiii)H>frihlc to dcfcribej and theu(k 
 would be equally diificult to reprcfcnt the horror, dc- 
 jedtion, and difmav, which f^'lwwcd fo dreadful and 
 unex|Ki^ted a catalWophe. Let ut (herefore turn from 
 fo mournful a fccne, co the picaling conteinnlation of 
 hit virtues, charader, and public Icrvices, tne hiltory 
 of which our readuri will fiad in the fubfcquent chap, 
 tcr. 
 
 m 
 
 !ats 
 
 Vi 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 Memoirs oflbt life and fmblic ftrvicet nfCattain James Cook—His Hrlb and parentn^f^FJucation and early Jitual ton in 
 life— His inclination for ibefea, and firjt empkymi-nl tn ibe merilMiilsfervite—Tiifs bis/hni* m His Majefty' s Jl/ip, 
 tie Eagle — Is made a tJeutenant—Histehaoiour iind^ Sir ItWiam Btiriuify. and vben engaged in the atliv* fcenes (f 
 the war in America— His appointments, ly tbe recomjiendnlions of Lird (Jolvi/le and Sir H:igb PaJlifer-^HisjlrJi voyage 
 to tbe South Seas — Hisfeiond, to complete tbe di/cwery of tbe Southern bfmifpbne — His tbird and lajl voyuge, in order lo 
 dtfcaver a North l^'ejl parage — An account nf bis family, and their pcnjions — OLfcrvatimis on bis cbaralfer and deatl^~- 
 Particulars which happened fubfequent lo bis death — Urawry $f Ijeiitenani Phillips— The ijlanders forced lo retire— Si- 
 tuation of our parly at tbe Moral — Annoyed iy Jhnes—An attempt to Jlorm tbe Morai — i^itlid ty our people — A Jhort 
 truce, and pacific laiiifures adopted — Mr. Kintfenlto oil, tin a conference with f(jme <jf Ibe chiefs of O^wbyhee— His inter- 
 view with Koab — (.Mitempluoas tebaviour of the natives, and precautions taken on our Jide — A part of Captain Cook't 
 tody hroiight — Farther provocations from tbe natives — Our watcriHf_ parties barrajfed with Jlones— -The village of Kidmod 
 turned— -Jii/I'ince of bravery in one of the natives — A procejjion beaded by Kainekeea—Tbt imes qf Certain Cook brought 
 n board — Ticy are committed lo the deep with tbe ufual funeral ceremonies. 
 
 HAVING related the untimely fate of our excel- 
 lent Commander, Captain Cook, wc now pro- 
 ceed to give our readers fome new and authen- 
 tic particulars of the life nf this great navigator; the 
 whole, wc will venture to affirm, making a more cor- 
 real and complete hiftorical narrative, on fo interefting 
 a fubjedl, than has hitherto appeared in any edition 
 whatever of Captain Cook's voyages, ilndcr whatever 
 authority publifiicd, or however poinpoufly fct forrh. 
 
 The late Captain James Cook, the fubiedl of thefc 
 tnemoirt, was bom at NtarCon. in the North Riding of 
 Torkdiire, on February ilicjd, 1728. In thit parti- 
 cular, we nfiay contradiA the ignorant alTertiont foi- 
 fted on the public by editors of publications of the 
 like kind with thitt but we reft our credibility on the 
 authority of the Rev. Mr. GrcnTide, whofe certificate, 
 taken fi^ theregiftcr of births in hispariih, is now in 
 th^tfo^cnion <>'' our publi(her. the father of Captain 
 Cook wai a day iabouiri* to a farmer, and lived in a 
 fm&ir village furroundctr wiih mud walls;, who aftcr- 
 waidt removed ttj Gre^ A/torj^ wher^ lie was em- 
 ployed at a pfeafant by, mf hte Thomas Squttowe. Efq. 
 with whom He was afliftedUrjvung Cook, hit (on, in 
 the diHRrrent braikhea of h'tilBaiidry. At (he age of 13, 
 tHii youth was put undin' the tuition of^Mr. Piillen, a 
 fchoolmaftcr of^Ayt9iii. by whom Iw Waa infhnided in 
 
 the arts of writing, common book-keeping, Sec. and he 
 it faid to have (hewn an nncommon geniua in hit appli- 
 cation to the feveral rulet of vtdgar arithnhcdc. In 
 January. 1745, at the age of 17, huilither boutid hiM 
 apprentice, to learn the grocery and habeidalflieiy bu(}- 
 nei's, at Snaitht but hit natural inclination nbt rajving 
 been confulted on this occtrfklf, he fotm qjuittcd riie 
 counter in difgufl, after a year and *. half's (csrvhudci 
 and having contraded a ftron^ propenflty to' tbe tta, 
 his mafter, willing to indulge him in fisllowing die hiax 
 of his indinarion, gave up readily hia iiidntiirea. ti» 
 July, I74^> he was bound apprentice to Mr. Wklkefi 
 of Whitby, for the tenh of thre^ vean, whidi tmk he 
 (erved to hia n.s(ter's futt fatisfa^btan; UmW i|in he 
 (ir(\ failed onboa rd the(hipFreelove,eAipknnl chiefly in 
 the coal ira,d; ' -'i NeWCaftl^to ImoML In theipnng) 
 of i7jO, Mi- v<ic (hipped himfelf a a fautian ad 
 board the Mitria. uiid^r the command of OapninGitf- 
 kjn; in which veiTel he tiontinudi attthtf yafr, in Ac 
 Baltic trade. In 1 7<3. he entcifed oift. '-•MT fita Mif« 
 je(ty:8 ibip (he Eagle^ « Hftring • tnmdifr' at he 
 
 preflcdhiin(Uf, "tiotiy.hiKfMniias'iMirMr.'' Sone 
 time after,- the E4gle filled wnfeandifacr ft^pm dn a' 
 cfuife, in which ihi^ were iterr fiwocfilul.- 
 
 In the year 1758, we (kidthiilrtfia^mfrhltr, mOcti 
 of the Northumberland, the flay (hip of MtA GolvUl^' 
 
588 
 
 Capt. cook;* voyages com 
 
 ■ '"I. ■ ■ -. ' -il 
 P L E T E. 
 
 fm 
 
 vJ'i^ I 
 
 11} 
 
 lii!- 
 
 who had then the command of a fquadron llationed on 
 the coad of America. It wu here, u he has often 
 been heard to iajr, that, during a hard winter, he firft 
 read Euclid, and applied to the ftud^ of the mathema- 
 tics and aftronomy, without any amftance than what a 
 few books, and his own ihduftiy aflbrdcd. At the fame 
 time, that he thus found means to cultivate his undcr> 
 Ihnding, improve his mind, andjiipply the deficiencies 
 of a nearly education, he wu eng4;ed in mofl of the bufy 
 and adivc fcenes of the war in America. At the ficge 
 of Qucbeci Sir Charles Saunderscommitted to his charge 
 the execution of fervices,of the firft Impomncc in the 
 naval department. He piloted the boats to the atuck 
 of Moutmorencv ; conducted the embarkation to the 
 heights of Abraham, examined the pafTagc, and laid 
 buoys for the fecurity of the large (hips in proceeding 
 up the river. The courage and addrefs with which he 
 acquittrd himfelf in thefe (crvices, gained him the warm 
 fricnctfhipof Sir Qurles Saunders and Lord (.olville, 
 whtfcontinued to patronize him during the rcit of their 
 lives, with the grcateft zeal and affedion. 
 
 On the I ft of April 1760, he received a commifllon 
 as a lieutenant, and foon after a fpecimen of thofe abi- 
 lities, which recommended him to the commands, in 
 the execution whereof he fo highly difplaycd his me- 
 rit, that his name will be handed down to poflerity, 
 as one of the inoft (kiiful navigators which this coun- 
 try hath produced. In 1765 he was with Sir VVilliam 
 Bamaby, on the Jamaica (tation; and behaved in fuch 
 a manner as gained him the approbation of the admi- 
 ral. At the conclufion of the war, he was appointed, 
 through the recommendation of Lord Colvillc, and Sir 
 Hugh Pallifer, to furvey the Gulph of St. Lawrence, 
 and the coafls of Newfoundland. In this employment 
 he continued till the year 1767, when the Royal So- 
 ciety fcfolvcd, that.it would be proper to fend a navi- 
 gator into the South Seas, to obferve the Tranflt of the 
 planet Venus over the Sun's difk t and Otahcite being 
 nxed upon, the Endeavour, a (hip built for the coal 
 trade, was put into commiflion, and the command of 
 her given to Lieutenant, the late Captain Cook, who 
 was appointed witlrMr. Charies Green to obTerve the 
 Tranflt. In this voyage he was accompanied by Jo- 
 feph Banks, Efq. fince Sir Jofcph, and Dr. Solander, 
 and other ingenious artifts. llie Tranfit of Venus 
 was ol>fcrved in different parts of the illand, and ihe 
 Capuin returned, after naving been abfent almoft 
 three years, in which period he had made difcoveries 
 equal to all the navigators of his country, from the 
 time of Columbus to the prefent. From this period, 
 as his fervices increafed in ufefiilnefs to the public, fo 
 his reputation advanced to a height too great for our 
 encomiums to reach. Perhaps no fcience ever re- 
 ceived greater additions from the lalwurs of a fingle 
 man, than geegraplw has done fiom thofe of Capuin 
 Code ; who, in his nrft voyage to the South Seas dif- 
 covered the Society Illesi determined the infularity of 
 New Zeabuidi difiwend the ftraits which fepaiate 
 the two ifland*, called after his name; and inade a 
 cMiqpletc furvey of both. He afterwards exploned the 
 caftcfii coolt of New HolUnd, hitherto unknown 1 an 
 extent of 37 deg. of lat. or upwards of 3,000 milo. 
 
 Soon after die Captain's return to England, it was 
 lefolvcd to equip two fliips to complete the dilcovery 
 •f the Soudiem hemifpnere. It had long been a 
 ptcvailiiig idea, that the unexplosed part contained 
 another continent. To aiicertain the fii£t was the 
 principalobje&of thia expeditioBi and that nothing 
 fidght be flonttcd that cduld tend to fiKilitate the en- 
 terprizet two iMpa were provided t the one, the Refo- 
 hition, under the cannMUid of Capuin Cooks the 
 other, the Advenuuct comnanded oy Gqptain Fur- 
 neaux. In this fccond expedition round the world. 
 Captain Cook rdblved the great problem of a (buthem 
 continent» having fit ooinMctely travelled tkat hemif- 
 vUme, ainoK«>ka«tapoHibUiqrof itsexUlence, un- 
 bfsfb near the pole^ as to be beyond the itadi of na- 
 vigation. In oiis vovage New Caledonia, the huneft 
 i(kad in the Soudiem licificOcean, except New Zea. 
 ipKJ^ mujUkBtnitfit « fat aUb the ifland •£ Gmt- 
 
 giai and an unknown coaft, which the Capuin named 
 Sandwich land > and having twice viiited the twpical 
 feas, he fettled the fituations of the old difcoveries, and 
 nuule feveral new ones. , 
 
 The want of fuccefs which attended Capuin Cook'a 
 attempt to difcover a Southern Con:inent, did not fet 
 afide another plan which had been recommended fom« 
 time before. This was no other than the finding out « 
 N. W. pafTage, which the fency of fomc chimerical 
 projcdtors had conceived to bt a pradticable fcheme. 
 His fervices were required for this arduous undertaking^ 
 and he offered them without hefitation. This third 
 and laft voyage is di(tingui(hed by the extent and inw 
 portance of its difcoveries. Not to mention feveral 
 rmailer iflands in the Southern Pacific, Captain Cook 
 difcovered the group, north of the cquinoxial line, 
 called Sandwich Iflands; which, on account of their 
 fltuation and productions, may perhaps become an ot>* 
 jcdl of more confcquencc, than any other difcovcry in 
 the South Sea. He explored what had remained before 
 unknown of the weflcrn coafl of America, an extent of 
 3700 miles; afrertained the proximity of the two con- 
 tincpts of Ada and America ; failed through the ftraits 
 between them, and furveyed the coafts on each fide, 
 fo far as to be fatislied of the impraiflicability of apaf- 
 fage in that heniifphere. from the Atlantic into the Pa- ' 
 cific Ocean, by an eaftem or weltem coaft. In (hort, 
 he complcated the. hyd^raphy of the habitable globe, 
 if we except the Japanele Archipelago, and the fca ot 
 Amur, which are (till known imperfcdliy by Europeans. ' 
 Throughout this voyage it mult be confellcd, that his 
 fervices as a navigator, arc important and meritorious. 
 The methods which he invented, and fo fuccefsfuiiy 
 put in practice, of prefcrving the health, (and confe- 
 quentiy the lives) of fcamen. will tranfinit his name to ' 
 future ages, as a friend and benefadlor of mankinds- 
 It is well known among thofe who are converfant it) 
 naval hiltory. that the advanuges which have been 
 fought, through the medium of long fca voyages, have 
 always been ptirchafcd at a dear rate. That dreadful 
 diforder which is peculiar to this fervicc. mud, withour 
 exercidngan unwarrantable degree of tyranny over our 
 feamen. have t)een an infuperable obftacle to our en- 
 terprizcs. It was refervea for Captain Cook to con- 
 vince the world, that voyages might be protnufted to 
 three, or even four years, in unknown regions, and under 
 every change of chmate, without affeding the health, 
 in the fmaueft degree, and even without diminifhing 
 the prol)ability of iTfe. A few months after his depar- 
 ture from England, notwithftanding he was then ab- 
 fent, the Royal Society voted him Sir Godfrey Copley's 
 gold medal, as a reward for the account, which he had 
 tranfmitted to that txidy, of the method taken to prc- 
 ferve the health of the crew of his fliip. Captain Cook 
 wasa married man.and left feveral children behind him. 
 On each of thefe his Majefty has fetded a penfion of 
 twenty-five pounds a year, and two hundred pounds per 
 annum on his widow. 
 
 The conftitution of this grpit and unparalleled 
 navigator, was robuft Iwth bv nature and habit; his 
 body having been inured to labour, and rendered capa- 
 ble of undergoing the (evercft hardftiips. His ftomach 
 bore, without complaining, the mo(t coarfe and un-' 
 grateful ibod. Indeed he (ubmitted, with an eafy felf- 
 denial, to wants of every kind, which he endured with 
 rcnrarkaUc indifference. The Qualities of his mind 
 were of the fame hardy vigorous kind with thofe of his 
 body. His underftanding was ftrongand quick-fighted : 
 hia judgment, in whatever related to the fervices 
 ht was engaged in, quick and fure: his defigns were 
 bold and daring, yet manly and difcreet. His cou- 
 rage was cool and determined, and accompanied with 
 an admirable prefence of mind, in the moment of dan- 
 ger. His manneis were plain and unaffeded. 
 
 Some have ccnfured hia temper as fubiedttohafti-' 
 nds and paflkin; but let it be confidered, that theTe 
 weie counteraAed, and frequently difarmed, by a dif- 
 
 Cfition benevolent and humane. There are thofe who 
 ve blamed Capuin Cook for hia feverity to the na- 
 tives «r different iflaadiwhkh wtviflted; but it was 
 
 3 n6t 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 589 
 
 ^puin namec) 
 
 the uopical 
 
 (coveriei, and 
 
 }>n Cook 'a 
 did not fet 
 tended ftmut 
 finding out « 
 c chimerical 
 .ible fcheme. 
 undertaking. 
 This third 
 lent and inv, 
 [ntion feveral 
 aptain Cook 
 linoxial line, 
 •nt of their 
 -ome an ob* 
 difcovery in 
 laincd bcl'ore 
 > an extent of 
 the two con- 
 gh the ftraita 
 \n each fide, 
 lityofapaf- 
 pnto the Pa- " 
 1. In fliort, 
 litablc globe, 
 d the fca ot 
 V Europeans. ' 
 led, that his 
 meritorious, 
 fuccefsfully 
 (and confe- 
 his name to ' 
 of mankind.- 
 :onverfant in 
 li have been 
 oyagcs, have 
 hat dreadful 
 nuft, without- 
 liny over our 
 : to our en- 
 00k to con- 
 protraded to 
 IS, and under 
 g the health, 
 diniinifliing 
 T his depar- 
 'as then ab- 
 rey Copley's 
 'lich he had 
 ^en to pre- 
 ptain Cook 
 •ehind him. 
 pcnfion of 
 pounds per 
 
 nparallelcd 
 habit; his 
 fcrcd capa^ 
 lis flomach 
 : and un-' 
 « eafv felf_ 
 lured with 
 his mind 
 hofeof his' 
 k-fighted: 
 : • ferviccs 
 igns were 
 His cou- 
 nied with 
 « of dan- - 
 
 stohafti-' 
 hat theTe 
 by a dif- 
 hofe who 
 > the na- 
 
 It it WAS , 
 
 Ode 
 
 not to thefe alone he was feverc in his difcipline. He 
 never fuflfered any fault in his own people, r hough ever 
 fo trivial, to cfcape unpuniflied. If they were charged 
 with infultinga native, or injuring him m his property, 
 if the fa£l was proved, the offender fcldom cfcaped 
 unpuniflied. By this impartial dinribution of equal 
 juuice, the natives thcmfelves conceived To high an 
 idea of his wifdom, and his power too, that they paid 
 him the honours bellowed on their Hatooa, or good 
 fpirit. ^ ' 
 
 Thi* is certain, that a mod didinguifliing feature in 
 , Captain Cook's charadler was, that unremitting per- 
 feverance in the purfuit of his objed, which was not 
 ortly fuperiorto the oppofition of dangers, and the prcf- 
 fure of hardfliips, but even exempt from the want of or- 
 dinary relaxation. During the three long voyages in 
 which he was engaged, his cagernefs and adivity were 
 never in the leaft abated. No incidental temptation 
 could detain him for a moment j even thofe intervals of 
 recreation, which fometimes occurred unavoidably, 
 and wera looked for by us with a longing that pcrfons 
 who have experienced thefatiguesof fervice will readily 
 excufc, were fubmitted to by him with a certain im- 
 patience, whenever they could not be employed in mak- 
 ing further provifions for the profecution of his de- 
 (igns. ii the courfe of this work, we have faithfully 
 enumerated all the particular inftances in which thefe 
 qualities were difplayid, during the great and import- 
 ant cnter|>ri7.es in which he was engaged: and we have 
 likewifc (tatcd the refult of thofe ferviccs, under the 
 two principal heads fo which they may be referred, 
 thofe of geography and navigation, each of which we 
 have placed in a feparatc and dillincl point of view. 
 
 We cannot clofe thefe memoirs, without taking a 
 (light retrofpeft view of the tragical end of this truly 
 great and worthy fea officer. It was imagined by feme 
 of thofe who were prefent, that the marines, and thofe 
 who were in the boats, fired without Captain Cook's 
 orders, and that he was anxious to prevent the farther 
 effiiiion of blood ; it is therefore probable, that, on this 
 occafion, his humanity proved fatal to him; for it was 
 obferved, that while he faced the natives, no violence 
 had been offered him ; but when he turned about to 
 give directions to the boats, he immediately received the 
 fatal blow. Whether this was mortal or not it is im- 
 poUlble for any one to determine ; but we are informed 
 by a gentleman on board the Difcovery, whofc veracity 
 isunqueftionable, that there was time fufficient to have 
 fccured the body of our brave Com..iander, had a cer- 
 tain lieutenant, who commanded a boat of the fame 
 Ihip, pulled in, inffead of making off. We do not 
 mention the name, but if our information is an unde- 
 niable fad, the daffardly officer merits juffly that con- 
 tempt and poverty, to which it is faid he is at prefent 
 reduced. We beg leave further to obferve, that the 
 natives had certainly no intention at firff of dcffroying 
 Captain Cook, or any of his party. The caufe firft 
 originated in the death of the Eree, who was fliot by 
 one of our people in the boat : it was this circumllance 
 which alarmed them, and, inconfequence of this it was 
 that they armed themfelves. At this period Captain 
 Cook might have returnedon board with fafety; but he 
 was unfortunate in miffing the man who behaved info- 
 lent to him, and (hooting another; he was unfortunate 
 in the firing of the marines ; and equally fo in the (ir- 
 ing of the people in the launch; all which happened 
 in the fpaceof a few minutes. In fliort, all the caufes 
 that brought on the death of this much lamented Cir- 
 cutrinavigator, were produced by a chain of events 
 which could no more be forefeen than prevented. His 
 memory wc leave to the gratitude and admiration of 
 polterity. 
 
 We now proceed to relate thofe particulars, that have 
 come to our k owledge, and which happened fubfe- 
 qucnt to the death of Captain Cook. We have before 
 **'";ved, that four of the marines, who accompanied 
 the Commodore, were killed by the natives; the furvi- 
 vors, with Mr. Phillipa, their lieutenant, threw them- 
 felves mto the fea, and made their efcape, being pro- 
 tfi^ed by a fmart fire from the boats. On this occa- 
 No. 72. I 
 
 fion, a (Iriking inftance of gallant behaviour, and of 
 affedion for his men, was difplayed by Mr. Phillips; 
 for he had fcarcelygot into the boat, when, feeing one 
 of the marines, who was not a ^tx^ expert fwimmer, 
 (Iriiggling it) the water, and in danger of being taken 
 by tne iflanders, heinffantly leaped into the fea to his 
 alliflance, though condderably wounded himfelf; and 
 after rcceivihg a blow on his head from a (lone, which 
 had almoff fent him to the bottom, he caught the ma- 
 rine by the hair, and brought him off in (afety. Our 
 people for fome time kept up a conftant fire from molt 
 of the boats (which, duringthe whole tranfaction, were 
 at no greater diflance from the land than twenty yards), 
 in order to afford their unfortunate companions, if any 
 of them fliould flill remain alive, an opportunity of ef- 
 feding their cfcape. Thefe efforts, fecondcd by a few 
 guns, that were, at the fame time, fired from the Re- 
 (olution, having at length compelled the enemy to re- 
 tire, a fmall boat, manned by five midlliipmen, pulled 
 towards the fliore, where they perceived the bodies lying 
 on the ground without any iigns of life. Hovvcvcr, 
 they judged it dangerous to attenipt to bring them off 
 with fo inconfiderable a force; and their amnuinition 
 being nearly confumcd, they returned to the Ihips, hav- 
 ing the bodies in poffeffion of the natives, together with 
 ten (lands of arms. 
 
 After the general conflcrnation, which the news of 
 this misfortune had diffufed throughout the whole 
 company of both fliips, had in fome degree fublidcd, 
 their attention was called to the party at the morai, 
 vyiiere the maft and fails were on ihore, guarded by only 
 fix marines. It is difficult to defcribe the emotions 
 that agitated the minds of Mr. King and his attend- 
 ants, at this rtation, during the time in which thefe oc- 
 currences had happened, at the other licle of the bay.. 
 Being at the diflance only of a mile from the village of 
 Kow rowa, they could diftindly perceive a vaft multitude 
 of people collcded on the fpot where Captain Cook 
 had jull before landed. They heard the tiring of the 
 miifquets, and obferved an uncommon buflle and agi- 
 tation among the crowd. They afterwards faw the 
 iflanders retreating, the boats retiring from the (hore, 
 and paffing and repaffing, with great ftillnefs, between 
 the fliips. Mr. King's heart foon mifgave him on this 
 occafion. Where fo valuable a life was concerned, he 
 could notavoid being alarmed by fuch new and threaten- 
 ing appearances. Befides this, he knew that Captain 
 Cook, from a long feries of fuccefs, in his tranradions 
 with the natives of this ocean, had acquired a di'giec 
 of confidence, which might, in fome ill-fated moment, 
 put him too much off his guard ; and Mr. King now faw 
 ail the dangers to which that confidence might lead, 
 without deriving much confolation from the confidera- 
 tion of the experience which had given rife to it. His 
 firft care, on hearing the report of the mufquets, was 
 to affure the iflanders, conddcrablc numbers of whom 
 were affembled round the wall of our confecrated field, 
 and feemed at a lofs how to account for what they had 
 heard and feen, that they fliould meet with no molefta- 
 tion; and that, at all events, he was inclined to conti- 
 nue on peaceable terms with them. 
 
 In this, fituation, Mr. Kinj.^ and his attendants re- 
 mained till the boats had returned on board, when Cap- 
 tain Clerke perceiving, by means of his telefcopc, that 
 our party was furrounded by the natives, who, he 
 thought, deficned to attack them, ordered two four- 
 pounders to be fired at the iflanders. Thefe guns, 
 though well aimed, did no mifchief; but they gave the 
 natives a convincing proof of their powerfulcffeds. 
 A cocoa-nut tree, under which fome of them were 
 fitting, was broken in the middle by one of the balls ; 
 and the other fliivered a rock, which fiood in an exad 
 line with them. As Mr. King had, jull before, given 
 them the flrongeft affurances ot their (afety, he was ex- 
 tremely mortihcd at this ad of hoftility, and, to pre- 
 vent its bein^ repeated, inftantly difpatched a boat to 
 inform Captain Gierke; that he was, at prefent, on the 
 moft amicable terms with the iflanders, and that, if any 
 future occafion fliould arilc for changing his condud to- 
 wards them, he would hoift a jack, as a fignal for Cap- 
 7 K tain 
 
 ■hi 
 
 ■4 
 
 m 
 
59° 
 
 Cipt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L K T E. 
 
 • II 
 
 i 
 
 • I 
 
 I, . 
 
 
 '\': I 
 
 Ml 
 [ft ii ' 
 
 tain Gierke to afford him his adiftancc. Mr. King 
 waited the return of the boat with the greatcH impa- 
 tience ; and after remaining for the fpace of a quarter 
 of an hour, under the utmoll anxiety and fulpencc, 
 his fears were at length confirmed, by the arrival of Mr. 
 Bligh, with orders to flrikethe tents imnrcdiatclv, and 
 to fend on board the fails, that were repairing. At the 
 fame inftant, Kaircckeea having alfo received informa- 
 tion of the" death of Captain Cook, from a native who 
 had arrived from the other fide of the bay, approached 
 Mr. King, with great dcjccHon and forrow in his coun- 
 tenance, enquiring whether it was true. At this time 
 the fituation of the party was highly critical and im- 
 portant. Not only their own lives, but the iflue of the 
 expedition, and the return of at lead one of the fliips, 
 were involved in the Hime common danger. They 
 had the mall of the Rcfolution. and the greater part of 
 the fails, on Ihore, ptotcif^cd by only halt a dozen ma- 
 rines. Thelofs of thcfe would have been irreparable j 
 and though the iflandcrs had not as yet teftified the 
 fmalleft difpolition to moleft the party, it was difficult 
 to anfwcr for the alteration, which the intelligence of 
 the tranfaflion at Kowrowa might produce. Mr. King 
 therefore thought proper to dilFemble his belief of the 
 death of Captain Cook, and to dcfire Kaircckeea to 
 difcourage the report; apprehending that either the 
 
 • fear of our refcntment, or the fucccisful example of 
 their countrymen, might perhaps lead them to feizc the 
 favourable opportunity, which at this time prefcnted 
 itfclf, of giving us a fecond blow. He, at the fame 
 time, advifed him to bring old Kaoo, and the other 
 prierts, into a large houfeadjoining to the morai, partly 
 from a regard to their fafety, in cafe it Ihould have been 
 found nccelTary to have recourfc to violent meafures; 
 and partly from a delire of having him near our people, 
 in order to make ufe of his authority with the natives, 
 if it could be inflrumcntal in maintaining peace. 
 
 Having ftationed the marines on the top of the 
 moral, which forincd a llrong and advantageous poll, 
 he intruftcd the command to Mr. Bligh, who received 
 the mod pofitive directions to acl lolelyon thedefenfive; 
 and he then went on board the Difcovery, in order to 
 confer with Captain Gierke, on the dangerous fituation 
 of our affairs. He had no fooner left the foot, than 
 the iflandcrs began to annoy our people with ftones ; 
 and juft after he had reached the Ihip, he heard ihe 
 firing of the marines. He therefore haftily returned 
 on fhore, where he found affairs growing every moment 
 more alarming. The natives were providing arms, 
 
 .and putting on their mats; and their numbers aug- 
 mented veiy faft. He alfo obferved f»veral large bo- 
 dies advancing towards our party along the cliff, by 
 ■which the village of Kakooa is feparated from the 
 north fide of the bay, where Kowrowa is fituate. At 
 firft they attacked our people with ftones from behind 
 the walls of their inclofures, and meeting with no re- 
 liftance, theyfoon became more daring. A few cou- 
 rageous fellows, having crept along the beach, under 
 cover of the rocks, fuddenly prefcnted themfelves at 
 the foot of theaiorai, with an intention of ftorming it 
 on the fide next the fea, which was its only accellible 
 part; and they were not didodged before they had 
 ftood a conliderable quantity of ftiot, and had fecn one 
 of their number fall. The amazing courage of one of 
 thefe affailants defervea to be recorded. Having re- 
 turncvl with a view of carrying off his companion, 
 amidlt the fire of our whole party, he received a wo«md, 
 which obliged him to quit the body, and retire; but, a 
 few minutes afterwards, he again made his appearance, 
 and receiving another wound, was under the necclTity 
 of retreating a fecond time. At that moment Mr. 
 King arrived at the morai, and faw this man return a 
 third time, faint from the lofs of blood and fatigue. 
 Being informed of what had happened, he forbad the 
 foldicrs to lire; and the illander was fuffercd to carry 
 off' his friend, which he was juft able toaccomplifh; 
 and then fell down himfclf,and breathed his lail. About 
 this time a ftrong reinforcement from both Ihips having 
 landed, the natives retreated behind their walls; which 
 aifording Mr. King accefs to the pricfts, he fcnt one of 
 
 them to exert his endeavours to bring his countrymen 
 to fome terms, and to propofe to them, that if they 
 would delift from throwing ftones, he would not allow 
 our men to fire. This truce was agreed to, and our 
 people were fuffered to launch the maft, and carry off 
 the fails, aftronomical inftruments, &c. without molcf- 
 tation. As foon as our party had quitted the morai, 
 the iflandcrs took poffeflion of it, and fome of them 
 threw a few ftones, which, however, did no mifchief. 
 Between eleven and twelve o'clock, Mr. King arrived on 
 board the Difcovery, where he found that no decifivc 
 plan had been adopted for the regulation of our future 
 proceedings. The recovery of Captain Cook's body, 
 and the rcftitution of the boat, were the objedts, w hich, 
 on all hands, we agreed to infill on; and Mr. King de- 
 clared it as his opinion, that fome vigorous methods 
 Ihould be put in execution, if the demand of them 
 ihould not be inftanily complied with. It may. juftly 
 be fuppofed that Mr. King's feelings, on the death of 
 a beloved and refpctted friend, had (bme lliare in this 
 opinion ; yet there were doubtlefs other rcafons.andthofe 
 of the moft ferious nature, that had fome weight with 
 him. The confidence which the fuccefs of the natives 
 in killing our Commander, and obliging us to leave the 
 fliore, muft naturally have infpired ; and the advantage, 
 however inconfidcrable, which they had gained over 
 us the preceding day, would, he had no doubt, excite 
 them tomake farther dangerous attempts ; and the more 
 particularly, as they had no great rcafon, from what they 
 had hitherto obferved, to dread the ettedsof our fire- 
 arms. This kind of weapon, indeed, contrary to the 
 expectations of us all, had produced in them no figns 
 of terror. On our fide, fuch was the condition of our 
 veffels, and the ftate of difcipline among u; , that, had a 
 vigorous attack been made on us, during the night, the 
 confequences might perhaps have been highly difagree- 
 able. Mr. King was fupported, in thefe apprchcnii;)ns, 
 by the opinion of the greater part of the officers on 
 board; and nothing feemed to him more likily lu en- 
 courage the iflandcrs to make the attempt, than tlie ap- 
 pearance of our being inclined to an accommodation, 
 which they could only impute to wcaknefs or fear. On 
 the other hand it was urged, in favour of more conci- 
 liatory meafures, that the mifchief was already done, 
 and was irreparable; that the natives, by reafon of 
 their former fiiendihip and kindnefs had a ftrong claim 
 to our regard : and the more particularly, as the late 
 calamitous accident did not appear to have taken its 
 rife from any premeditated defign ; that, on the part of 
 Terreeoboo, his ignorance of the theft, his willingncfs 
 to accompany Captain Cook on board the Kcfoluiion, 
 and his having adually fcnt his two fons into the pin- 
 nace, mult refcue his character, in this refpeCl, from 
 the fmalleft degree of fufpicion j that the behaviour of 
 his women, and the chiefs, might eafily be accounted 
 for, from the apprehenlions occafioned in their minds 
 by the armed force, with which Captain Cook landed, 
 and the hoftile preparations in the bay; appearances fo 
 unfuitable to the confidence and fricndfliip, in which 
 both parties had hitherto lived, that the arming of the 
 iflandcrs was manifeftly with a defign to refift the at- 
 tempt, which they had fome reafon to cxpedt would be 
 macfe, to carry ofl^ their fovereign by force, and was 
 naturally to be expected from a people who had a re- 
 markable affcdion for their chiefs. To thefe didates 
 of humanity, other motives of a prudential kind were 
 added; that we were in want of a Amply of water, and 
 other refreftiments; that the Refolution's foremaft 
 would require fevcn or eight days work, before it could 
 beftepped; that the fpring was advancing very faft j 
 and that the fpecdy profecution of our next expedition 
 to the northward, ought now to be our fole objed; and 
 that, therefore, to engage in a vindidlive conteft with 
 the natives, might not only fubjed us to the imputation 
 of necdlefs cruelty, but would require great delay in 
 the equipment of our ftiips. In this latter opinion 
 Captain Gierke concurred} and though Mr. King was 
 convinced, that an early and vigorous difplay of our 
 refentment would have more eftcdually anfwered every 
 objcdt both of prudence and hunnanity, he was, upon 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYACiL-— '! o the I'ACll IC OCKAN, ficc. 
 
 yji- 
 
 country incii 
 |hat if they 
 not allow 
 and our 
 id carry off 
 lout molcf- 
 the morai, 
 |ie of them 
 10 mifchief. 
 arrived on 
 \no dccifivc 
 our future 
 lok's body, 
 ■ifb, which, 
 T. KinjT de- 
 ls hicthods 
 id of thein 
 may. juftly 
 be death of 
 larc in this 
 |ns,andthofc 
 iveight with 
 the natives 
 to leave the 
 advantage, 
 ;aincd over 
 loubt, excite 
 nd the more 
 in « hat they 
 of our tire- 
 trary to the 
 m no (ij^ns 
 ition of our 
 , that, had a 
 le night, the 
 hly difairree- 
 iprcheniions, 
 '. officers on 
 ikuly lu Cil- 
 than the ap. 
 )mniodation, 
 or fear. On 
 more conci. 
 il ready done, 
 iy reafon of 
 ftrong claim 
 ^ as the late 
 ive taken its 
 n the part of 
 s willingncfs 
 : Rcfoluiion, 
 to the pin- 
 :fpeOl, from 
 lehaviour of 
 >e accounted 
 their minds 
 k)ok landed, 
 pcarancesfo 
 3, in which 
 ming of the 
 efift the at- 
 :dl would be 
 :e, and was 
 I had a rc- 
 cfe didates 
 kind were 
 water, and 
 's foremaft 
 Fore it could 
 I very fall; 
 : expedition 
 objed; and 
 :onteft with 
 imputation 
 at delay in 
 ter opinion 
 . King was 
 jlay of our 
 vercd every 
 was, upon 
 the 
 
 the whole, not forry that the meafurcs he had recom- 
 mended were rejedted. For though the contemptuous 
 behaviour of the iflanders, and their fubfcquent oppo- 
 fition to our neceflary occupations on lliore, arilmg 
 moft probably from a mifconftrudion of our lenity, o- 
 bliged us atlaft to havcrecourfe to violence in our own 
 defence; yet he was not certain that the circumftanccs 
 of the cafe would, in the opinion of the generality ot 
 people, have juftified the ule of force, on our part, in 
 the firft inrtance. Cautionary feverity is ever invidious, 
 and the rigour of a preventive .nicafurc, when it is the 
 moft fuccefsful, leaves its expediency the leaft appa- 
 rent. 
 
 During thefe deliberations, and while we were thus 
 engaged in concerting fome plan for our future opera- 
 tions, a very numerous concourfe of the natives llill 
 kept poirclFion of the lliore; and fome of them coming 
 oft in canoes, approached within piftol-ftiot of the (hips, 
 and infulted us by various marks of defiance and con- 
 tempt. It was extremely difficult to rcftrain the feamcn 
 from the ufe of their arms on thefe occafions; but, as 
 pacific meafurcs had been refolved on, the canoes were 
 allowed to return unmolefted. Mr. King was now or- 
 dered by Captain Clerke to proceed towards the fliorc 
 with the boats of both ihips, well manned and armed, 
 with A view of bringing the iflanders to a parley, and of 
 obtaming, if poflible, a conference with fome of the 
 Erees. If he (liould fuccccd in this attempt, he was to 
 demand thcdcad bodies, and particularly that of Captain 
 Cook : to threaten them, in cafe of a refufal, with our 
 refcntmcnt; but by no means to fire, unlcfs attacked; 
 and not to go alliore on any account whatever. Thefe 
 inftrudions were delivered to Mr. King before the 
 whole party, in the mod pofitive manner ; in confe- 
 quence of which, he and his detachment left the Ihips 
 about four o'clock in the afternoon; and as they ap- 
 proached the ihorc, they perceived every indication of 
 a hoftile reception. The natives were all in motion, the 
 women and children retiring ; the men arming them- 
 felves with long fpcars and daggers, and putting on 
 their war mats. It alfo appeared, that lincc the morn- 
 ing they had thrown up brcaft-works of ftonc along the 
 beach, where Captain Cook had landed ; in cxpedation, 
 perhaps, of an attack at that place. When our party 
 were within reach, the iflanders began to throw ftones 
 at them with flings, but without doing any mifchief 
 Mr. King concluded from thefe appearances, that all at- 
 tempts to bring them to a parley would be inctfedtual, 
 unlefs he gave them fome ground for mutual confi- 
 detice: he therefore ordered the armed boats to flop, 
 and advanced alone in the fmall boat, holding in his 
 hand a white flag; the meaning of which, from an uni- 
 verfal lliout of joy from the natives, he had the fatisfac- 
 tion to find was immediately underftood. The women 
 inftantly returned from the fide of the hill, whither they 
 had retired; the men threw olf their mats, and all fcatcd 
 themfelvcs together by the fea-lide, extending their 
 arms, and inviting Mr. King to land. 
 
 Notwithflanding fuch behaviour feemcd exiirelTlve 
 of a friendly difpoiition, Mr. King could not avoid en- 
 tertaining fufpicions of its fincerity. But when he faw 
 Koah, with extraordinary boldnefs and alTurance, f-im- 
 niing ofl" towards the boat, with a white Hag in his 
 hand, he thought proper to return this mark of confi- 
 dence, and accordingly received him into the boat, 
 though he was armed ; a circumftance which did not 
 contribute to lelTcn Mr. King's fufpicions. He had in- 
 deed long harboured an unfavourable opinion of Koah. 
 The pricrts had always reprefented him as a perfon of a 
 malicious temper, and no friend to us; and the repeated 
 detcdUons of his fraud and treachery, had convinced 
 us of the truth of their alTertions. Beiides the melan- 
 choly tranfadions of the morning, in which he was fcen 
 performing a principal part, infpired Mr. King with 
 the utmoft horror at finding himfelf fo near him; and 
 as he approached him with Signed tears, and embraced 
 him, Mr. King was fo diftruftful of his intentions, that 
 he took hold of the point of the pahooa, which the 
 chief held in his hand, and turned it from him. He in- 
 foMncd the iflander th»t he had come to demand the 
 i 
 
 body of Captain Cook, and to declare war againlt the 
 natives, unlcfs it was rellored without delay. Koah af- 
 furcd him that this ihuuld be done as foon as pofllble, 
 and that he would go himfelf for that purpofe; and af- 
 ter rcquefling a piece of iron of Mr. King, with marks 
 of great alTurance, he leaped into the water, and fwam 
 afliore, calling out to his countrymen, that we were all 
 friends again. Our people waited with grgit anxiety 
 near an hour for his return. During this interval, the 
 other boats had approached fo near the (liore, that the 
 men who were in them entered into converfation with 
 a party of the iflanders, at a little diflancc; by whom 
 they were informed, that the Captain's body had been 
 cut to pieces, and carried up the country ; but of this 
 circumlfan c Mr. King was not apprized till his return 
 to the fli.| . He therefore now began toexprefs fome 
 degree of impatience at Koah's delay; upon wiiich the 
 chiefs preffed him exceedingly to land ; alFuring him, 
 that if he would go in perfon to Terrceoboo, the body 
 would be undoubtedly reltored to him. When they 
 found they could not prevail on Mr. Kinp; to go afliore, 
 they endeavoured, on pretence of convening with him 
 with greater caff, to decoy his l)oat among fome rocks, 
 where they might have had it in their power to feparatc 
 him from the other boats. It was eafy to fee through 
 thefe artifices, and he was therefore very dcfirous of 
 breaking off all communication with them ; when a 
 chief approached, who had particularly attached him- 
 felf to Captain Gierke, and the officers of the Difco- 
 vcry, on board which lliip he had fliiicd, when wc lall 
 quitted the bay, intending to take his paifage to the 
 illand of Mowee. He laid he came from Terrceoboo, 
 to acquaint our people that the body was carried up the 
 country, but that it fliould be brought back the follow- 
 ing morning. There appeared much fincerity in his 
 manner; and being alked, if he uttered a fallhood, he 
 hooked together his two fore fingers, which is here un- 
 derflood as the fign of veracity, in the ufe of which 
 thefe iflanders are very fcrupulous. Being now at a lofs 
 how to proceed, Mr. King fent Mr. Vancouver to in- 
 form Captain Clerke of all that had palTcd ; that it was 
 his opinion, the natives did not intend to keep their 
 word with us; and, far from being grieved at what had 
 happened, were on the contrary infpired with great con- 
 fidence on account of their late fuccefs, and /ought only 
 to gain time, till they could plan fome fchcme for get- 
 ting our people into their power. Mr. Vancouver came 
 back with orders for Mr. King to return on board, after 
 giving the iflanders to underltand, that if the body was 
 not rellorcd the next morning, the town fhould be de- 
 flroyed. No fooner did they perceive our party retiring, 
 than they endeavoured to provoke them by the moft 
 contemptuous and infulting gellures. Several of our 
 people faid, they could diftinguifh fome of the natives 
 parading about in the cloaths which had belonged to 
 our unhappy countrymen, and among them, an Erce 
 brandifhing Captain Cook's hanger, and a woman hold- 
 ing the fcabbard. In confequcncc of Mr. King's re- 
 port to CaptJin Gierke, of what he fuppofed to be the 
 prefent temper and difpofition of the inhabitants, the 
 moft effedlual methods were taken to guard againfl any 
 attack they might make during the night. 'The boats 
 were moored with top-chains; additional fentinels were 
 flationed in each of our fhips; and guard-boats were 
 diredled to row round them, in order to prevent the 
 iflanders from cutting the cables. During the nighr, 
 we faw a vail number of lights on the hills, which in- 
 duced fome of us to imagine, that they were removing 
 their effedls farther up into the country, in confequence 
 of our menaces. But it feems more probable, that they 
 were kindled at the facrifices that were performing on 
 account of the war, in which they fuppofed themfelves 
 likely to be engaged; and, perhaps the bodies of our 
 flain countrymen were at that time burning. We af- 
 terwards obferved fires of the fame kind, as we palTcd 
 the ifland of Morotoi ; and which, according to the in- 
 formation we received from fome of the natives then on 
 board, were made on account of a war they had declared 
 againft a neighbouring ifland. This agrees with what 
 wc learned among the Friendly and Society Iflcs, that. 
 
 ^■1 
 
592 
 
 Capt. COO 
 
 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 10 
 
 9U 
 
 
 
 ; I 
 
 I 
 
 » 
 
 vious to any liolUle expedition, the chiefs always en- 
 deavoured to animate the courage of the people, by 
 fcafts and rejoicings in the night. We paflcd the night 
 without any diftiirbancc, except from the howlings and 
 lamentations which were heard on (liorc. 
 
 On Monday the i cth, early in the morning, Koah 
 Came along-lidc the Kcfolution, with a fmall pig and 
 fomc cloth, which he dcfired pcrmiffion to prclent to 
 Mr. King. Wc have already mentioned, that this olli- 
 cer was Tuppofcd by the iflanders to be the fon of Cap- 
 tain Cook; and as the latter had always fulTercd them 
 to believe it, Mr. King was probably confidcrtd as the 
 chief after his death. As foon as he came on deck, he 
 interrogated Koah with regard to the body; and, on his 
 .returning cvalive anfwcrs, rclufid to accept his prtfcnts; 
 and was on the point of difmifliiig him w ith exprcllions 
 of .-inger and rclcntn)ent, had not Captain Ckrkc, w ith 
 a view of keeping up the appearance of fnendlhip, 
 judged it more proper that he fliould be treated with 
 the cuftoinary refped. This artful prielV came frc<]ucntly 
 to us in the courfc of the morning, with fomc trifling 
 prcfcnt or other; and as we always obfcrvcd him eye- 
 ing every part of the fliip with a great degree of itteii- 
 tion, wc took care he fhould fee we were well prepared 
 for our defence. He was extremely urgent both with 
 Captain Gierke and Mr. King to go on fliorc, imputing 
 the detention of the bodies to the other chiefs, and al- 
 luring thofc gentlemen, that every thing might be ad- 
 jiilKd to their fatisfactioi;, by a perfonal interview with 
 the king. However, they did not think it prudent to 
 comply with Koah's requeit; and indeed a fad came 
 afterwards to their knowledge, which proved his want 
 of veracity. For, they were informed, that imniediately 
 after the action in which Captain Cook had loll his lile, 
 Terrceoboo had retired to a cave in the fteep part of the 
 mountain that hangs over the bay, which was accellible 
 only by means of ropes, and where he continued for fe- 
 veral days, having his proviiions let down to him by 
 cords. After the departure of Koah from the Ihips, we 
 mbfervcd that his countrymen who had airembitd by 
 day-break, in vaft crowds on the fliorc, flocked around 
 him with great eagcrnefs on his landing, as if they 
 wirticd to learn the intelligence he had gained, and w hat 
 llcps were to be taken in confct]uchce of it. It is highly 
 probable, that they expeded we fliould attempt to put 
 our threats in execution; and they appeared fully de- 
 termined to (land their ground. During the whole 
 morning, we heard conchs blowing in various parts of 
 the coalf; large pa. ties were perceived marching over 
 the hills; and, upon the whole, appearances were lb a- 
 larming, that we carried out a ftrcam anchor, for the 
 purpofe of hauling the (liip abreaft of the town, in cafe 
 of an attack; and boats were (lationed oft' the northern 
 point of the bay, in order to prevent a furprizc from the 
 natives in that quarter. Their warlike pollure at prc- 
 fcnt, and the breach of their engagement to reltore the 
 bodies of the flain, occalioned frelh debates among us 
 concerning the meafures which (hould now be puriued. 
 It was at length determined, that nothing ftiould be per- 
 niittcd to interfere with the repair of the Refolution's 
 malt, and the preparations for our departure; but that 
 we fliould neverthelefs continue our ncgociations for 
 the rcftoration of the bodies of our countrymen. The 
 greater part of this day was employed in getting the 
 Ibrc-mafl into a proper fituation on deck, that the car- 
 penters might work upon it ; and alio in making the re- 
 quifite alterations in the commilTions of the officers. 
 The chief command of the expedition having devolved 
 on Captain Gierke, he removed on board the Refolu- 
 tion, promoted Lieutenant Gore to the rank of Cap- 
 tain of the Difcovery, appointed MeiFrs. King and 
 Williamfon tirfl and fecond Lieutenants of the Refolu- 
 tion, and nomin.ited Mr. Harvey, a Midfliipman, who 
 had accompanied Captain Cook during his two lad 
 voyages, to fill the vacant lieutenancy. During the 
 whole day, we fuftaincd no interruption from the iflan- 
 ders: and in the evening, the launch was moored with 
 a top-chain, and guard-boats flationed round each of 
 the fliips as before. About eight o'clock, it being cx- 
 ceedijigly dark, wc heard a canoe paddling towards i^he 
 3 
 
 Ihip: and it was no fooner perceived, than both the fen- 
 tincls on deck fired into it. There were two of the na- 
 tives in this canoe, who immediately roared out " Tin- 
 " ."ce." (which was their method of pronouncing Mr. 
 King's name), and faid they were friends, and had fome- 
 thing with them which belonged to Captain Cook. 
 When they came on board, they threw themfelves at 
 the feet of our officers, and fccmed to be extremely ter- 
 rified. It fortunately happened that neither of them 
 was hurt, notw ithflanding the balls of both pieces had 
 gone through the canoe. One of thefc was the perfon 
 who has been already mentioned under the appellation 
 of the taboo man. who conflantly attended Captain 
 Cook with the particular ceremonies wc have before 
 dcfcribed ; and who, though a man of dillindion in the 
 illand, could fcarcely be prevented from pertorming for 
 him the mofl humiliating olliccs of a menial fervant. 
 .'Vlter bewailing, with many tears,ihe lofs of the Orono, 
 he informed us that he had brought a part of his body. 
 He then gave us a fmall bundle which he brought under 
 his arm; and it is impolTiblc to defcribe the horror w ith 
 wiiicli wc were fci/.cd, upon finding in it a piece of hu- 
 man flelh of the weight of about nine or ten pounds. 
 I his, he faid, was all that now remained of the body; 
 that the rell had been cut in pieces, and burnt; but 
 that the head, and all the bones, except thofe which be- 
 longed to the trunk, were in the pofleflion of Terrceo- 
 boo ami the other chiefs; that what wc faw had been 
 allotted to Kaoo, the chief of the priells, for the purpofe 
 o( being ufcd in fomc religious ceremony ; and that he 
 luul lent it as a telhmony of his innocence, and of his 
 Attachment to U3. We had now an opportunity of learn- 
 ing whether they were cannibals; and wc did not negleOt 
 to avail ourfclvcs of it. We (irll endeavoured, by fe- 
 vcral indirect queflions, put to each of them apart, to 
 gain inforinacion rcfpeCting the manner in which the 
 other Ixxlies had been treated and difpofed of; and find- 
 ing tliein very conllant in one account, that after the 
 rtclh had been cut off", the whole of it was burnt; we at 
 lull put the direct qucllion, whetherthey had not fed on 
 fonieofit; they immediately telHfied as much horror 
 at fucli an idea, as any European would have done; and 
 alkcd, whctl.er that was the pradice among us. They 
 al'tcrwards alked us, with great earncflncfs, and with an 
 appearance of apprehenfion, when the Orono would 
 come again.' and how he would treat them on his re- 
 turn .' the fame enquiry was often made in the fequel 
 by others; and this idea is conUftent with the general 
 tenour of their condud towards him, which indicated 
 that they confidercd him as a being of a fuperior fpccies. 
 We prelTcd our two friendly vifitants to continue on 
 board till the next morning, but we could not [)rcvail upon 
 them. They informed us, that if this tranfaittion fliould 
 come to the knowledge of the king, or any of the other 
 Erees, it might be attended with the molt fatal confe- 
 quences to their whole focicty ; to prevent which, they 
 had been under the neceflity of coming to us in the 
 dark ; and the fame precaution, they faid, w ould be re- 
 quifite in returning on fliore. They further told us, that 
 the chiefs were eager to take revenge on us for the death 
 of their countrymen; and particularly cautioned us a- 
 gainf^ trulling Koah, who, they afTured us, was ou/ im- 
 placable enemy; and ardently longed for an opportunity 
 of fighting us, to which the blowingof the conchs that wc 
 had heard in the morning, was intended as a challenge. 
 It likewife appeared from the information of thefc men, 
 that fevcntecn of their countrymen were flain in the firfl 
 adion, at the village of Kowrowa, five of whom were 
 chiefs; and that Kaneena and his brother, our particu- 
 lar friends, were of that number. Eight, they faid, had 
 loft their lives at the obfervatory; three of whom like- 
 wife were perfons of thefirft diftindion. At eleven o'clock 
 the two natives left us, and took the precaution to delirc 
 that one of our guard-boats might attend them, till they 
 had paflcd the Difcovery, left they fliould again be fired 
 upon, which, by alarming their countrymen on fliorc, 
 might expofe them to the danger of detcdion. This 
 rcqueft was readily complied with, and we had the fa- 
 tisfadion to find, that they reached the land fafc and 
 undifcovercd. During the remainder of this night, we 
 
 heard 
 
ith the fen- 
 of the na- 
 lout " Tin- 
 incing Mr. 
 had fomc- 
 |tain Cook, 
 cmfclvc* at 
 rcmcly tcr- 
 icr of them 
 pieces had 
 the perlbn 
 appellation 
 ci Captain 
 ave before 
 Idion in the 
 lorming for 
 lial fervaiit. 
 the Orono, 
 f his body, 
 lught under 
 horror with 
 piece of hii- 
 ten pounds, 
 fthc body; 
 burnt; but 
 "e \,\ hich bc- 
 of Tcrreeo- 
 \v haii been 
 the purpofe 
 and that he 
 , and of his 
 ity of learn- 
 1 not negleiJi: 
 iireil, by fe- 
 rn apart, to 
 1 which the 
 f; and lind- 
 lat after the 
 jurnt ; we at 
 d not fed on 
 much horror 
 le done; and 
 ing us. They 
 and with an 
 )rono would 
 m on his re- 
 n the fequel 
 I the general 
 ;h indicated 
 erior fpccies. 
 continue on 
 prevail upon 
 iltion Ihould 
 of the other 
 fatal confe- 
 which, they 
 o us in the 
 vould be re- 
 told us, that 
 or the death 
 ioned us a- 
 was ou' im- 
 opportunity 
 ichs thatwc 
 J challenge, 
 thefe men, 
 in the (irfl: 
 ivhom were 
 ur particu- 
 ;y laid, had 
 vhoni likc- 
 vcno'clo^^^k 
 in to dclirc 
 in, till they 
 ain be fired 
 on fliorc, 
 on. This 
 lad the fa- 
 id fafe and 
 i night, wc 
 heard 
 
 COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN^cc^s^ 
 
 heard the f«rte loud lamentations, as in the preceding 
 one. Early the following morning, we received a vilit 
 frsra Koah. Mr. King was piqued at finding, that not- 
 withftanding the moft glaring marks of treachery m his 
 condudt, and the pofitive declaration of our friends the 
 prietts, he (h«uld ftill be fuffered to carry on the fame 
 farce, and to make ut at leaft appear the dupes of his hy- 
 pocrify. Our fituation was indeed become extremely awk- 
 ward and unpromifing i none of the purpofes for which 
 this pacific plan of proceedings had been adopted, hav- 
 ing hitherto been in any rcfpedl promoted by it. No 
 fatisfadlory anf*er had been given to our demands ; we 
 did not feem to have made any progrefs towards a re- 
 conciliation with the natives; tney dill remained on the 
 (hore in hoftile poftures, as if determined to oppofe any 
 endeavours we might make to go alhorc; and yet it was 
 become abfolutely ncceflary to attempt landing, as the 
 completing our ftock of water would not admit of any 
 longer delay. However, in jufticc to the conduft of 
 Captain Gierke, wc muft remark, that it wa« highly 
 probable, from the great numbers of the iflanders, and 
 from the refolution with which they feemed to exped 
 our approach, that an attack could not have been made 
 without danger; and that the lofs of even a very few 
 men might have been feverely felt by us, during the re- 
 mainder of our voyage: whereas the delaying to put our 
 menaces into execution, though, on the one hand, it di- 
 minfrtied their opinion of our valour, had the effed of 
 occafioning them to difperfeon the other. For this day, 
 about II o'clock, upon finding that we perfiftcd in our 
 inadivity, great bodies of them, after blowing tbeir 
 conchs, and ufing every method of defiance, marched off, 
 over the hills, and never made their appearance after, 
 wards. Thofe, however, who remained, were not the 
 lefs daring and prefumptuous. One of them had the 
 infolence to come within mufquet-fhot a-head of the 
 Refolution, and after throwing feveral ftones at us, 
 waved over his head the hat which had belonged to 
 Captain Cook, while his countrymen afliore were exult- 
 ing and encouraging his audacity. Our people were 
 highly enraged at this infult, and, coming in a body on 
 the quarter-deck, begged they might no longer be o- 
 bliged to put up with fuch reiterated provocations, and 
 requeftcd Mr. King to endeavour to obtain permiffion 
 for them, from Captain Clerke, to take advantage of the 
 firft fair occafion of avenging the death of their much 
 lamented Commander. On Mr. King's acquainting the 
 Captain with what was pailing, he ordered fome great 
 guns to be fired at the illanders on (hore; and promifed 
 the crew, that, if they fhould be mdefted at the water- 
 ing-place, the next day, they Ihould then be permitted 
 to chaftife them. Before we could bring our guns to 
 "bear, the natives had fufpeded our intentions, from the 
 buftic and agitation they obferved in the (hip; and had 
 retired behind their houfes and walls. We were con- 
 fequcntly obliged to fire, in fome degree, at random s 
 notwithlknding which, our (hot produced all the ef. 
 feds we could defire: for, in a Ihort time afterwards, 
 we perceived Koah paddling towards us, witlv the 
 grcatcd haftc; and when he arrived, wc learned that 
 lome people had lofi their lives^ and among the reft 
 Maifiaimaiha, a principal Erec, nearly related to Ter- 
 reeoboo. Not long after Koah's arrival, two boys fwara 
 off from the Moral towards our veifels, each armed with 
 a long (pear; and after they had approached pretty 
 near, they began in a very folcmn manner to chant a 
 fong; the fubjed of A'hich, from their frequently men- 
 tioning the word Orono, and pointing to the village 
 where Captain Cook had been flain, we concluded to 
 be the late calamitous occurrence. Having fung for 
 near a quarter of an hour in a plaintive ftrain, during 
 all which time they continued in the water, they re- 
 paired on board the Difcovery, and delivered up their 
 Ipcars; and after remaining there a fliort time, re- 
 turned on (hore. Wecould never learn who fcnt them', 
 or what was the objed of this ceremony. During the 
 night, we took the ufual precautions for the fecurity of 
 the (hips; and, as foon at it was dark, the two natives, 
 who had vifited us the preceding evening, came off to 
 us^again. They affured us, that though the elftds of 
 -No. 72. 
 
 our great guns this afternoon, had greatly alarmed the 
 chiefs, they had by no means relinquilhcd their hoiUlc 
 intentions, and thev advifed us to be on our guard. 
 
 On Wedncfday,'the 17th, the boats of both Jhipa were 
 difpatched afhore to procure water; and the Difcovery 
 was warped clofc to the beach, in order to proted the 
 perfons employed in that fcrvice. We foon found that 
 the intelligence which had been fcnt us by the pric(\s, 
 was not dehitute of foundation, and that the iflanders 
 were determined to negled no opportunity of annoying 
 vn. when it could be done withbut much hazard. The 
 villages, throughout this whole clufterof iflands, are, for 
 the moft part, fituated near the fea; and the adjacent 
 ground is enclofed with ftone walls, of the height of 
 about three feet. Thefe, we at firft (uppofed, were de- 
 figned for the divifion of property; but we now difco- 
 vered that they ferved for a defence againft invafion, 
 for which purpofe they were, perhaps, chiefly intended. 
 They confift of loofe ftones, and the natives are very 
 dexterous in ftiifting them, with great quickncfs, to 
 fuch particular fituations, as the direction of the atuck 
 may occafionally require. In the fides of the moun- 
 tain that ftands near the bay, they have likewife hglcs, 
 or caves, of confidcrable depth, whofe entrance is fe- 
 cured by a fence of a fimilar kind. From behind both 
 thefe ftations, the iflanders perpetually harraflfed our 
 watering party with ftones; nor could the inconfidcrablc 
 force we had on (hore, with the advantage of mufqucts, 
 compel them to retreat. Thus oppofed, our people 
 were fo occupied in attending to their own fafety, that, 
 during the whole forenoon, they filled only one ton of 
 water. It being therefore impolfible for them to per- 
 form this fervice, till their aUailants were driven to a 
 greater diftance, the Difcovery was ordered to diflodge 
 the 'enemy with her great guns; which being ac96m- 
 pliftied by means of a few difcharges, the men landed 
 without moleftation. The natives, however, made their 
 appearance Again foon afterwards, in their ufual method 
 of attack ; and it was now deemed abfolutely necelTar/ 
 to burn down fome ftraggling huts, near the wall be- 
 hind which they had (bettered themfclves. In executing 
 the orders that were given for that purpofe, our people 
 were hurried into adU of unneceffary devaftation and 
 cruelty. Some allowance ought certainly to be made for 
 their refentment of the repeated infults, and contemptu- 
 ous behaviour of the iflanders, and for their natural de- 
 fire of revenging the death of their beloved and re- 
 fpeded Commander. But, at the fame time, their con- 
 dud ftrongly evinced, that the greateft precaution is re- 
 quifite in trufting, even for a moment, thedifcretionary 
 ufe of arms in the hands of private foldiers, or feamen, 
 on fuch occafions. Tlie ftridnefs of difcipline, and the 
 habits of obedience, by which their force is kept di- 
 reded to fuitable objeds, lead them to conceive, that 
 whenever they have the power, they have likewife a 
 right to perform. Adual difobcdience being almoft the 
 only crime for which they exped to rc'ceive punifti- 
 ment, they are apt to confider it as the fole meafure of 
 right and wrong; and hence they aie too ready to con- 
 clude, that what they can do with impunity, they may 
 alfo do confiftently with honour and juftice; fo that the 
 feelings of humanity, and that gcnerofity towards an un- 
 refifting enemy, which; at, other tim^, is a ftri.king 
 diftindion of brave men, become but feeble reftraintf 
 to the exercife of violence,, when fet in oppofition to 
 the defire they naturally have of (hewing their own 
 power and independence. ( < 
 
 Wc have ibn'orc obferved, that, id iredjtions had been 
 given to bird only a &w>ftnggii<>g houfes, which af- 
 forded (belter to the iflandersi We were therefore 
 greatly furprized on perceivu»{f the whole village in 
 names; and before a bbat, that was fent to ftop the 
 progrefs of the mifchief, ijpuld reach the land, the ha- 
 bitarionbof our old atK:l>cariftant friends, the priefts, 
 were all on fire. Mr. King had^ therefore, great raafon 
 to lament the ittnefsi that tortflivdihi^fttin board this 
 day. The priefts had always been unnilsr his protcdion; 
 and, unfortunately, the officasthcn on.dviy having fel- 
 dom been on ftiore at the Morai, were but little ac> 
 quainted with the circamibiBces of the/ place. Had he 
 7 L been 
 
 ;l 
 
594 
 
 Capt. COOK'sVOYAOES COMFLETfi. 
 
 4 
 
 :h 
 
 ; .1 
 
 n.i 
 
 I'l' 
 
 mt-- 
 
 bfen prefcnt himfelf, he might, in all probability, have 
 been the mcani of pnefcrving their little fociety from 
 dcftriKftion, Incfniping from the flames, fevcral of 
 the inhabitants were fhotj and our people cut off-thc 
 heads of two of them, and broujrht them on board. 
 The fate of one unhappy native was much lamented by 
 all of us. As he was repairing to the well for water, he 
 was Ihot at by one of the marines. The ball happened 
 to flrikc his calibafli, which he inllantly threw fropi 
 him, and ran oft'. He was purfued into one of the 
 caves above-mentioned, and no lion could have de- 
 fended hit den with greater bravery and fiercenefsi till 
 at length, after he had found means to keep two of our 
 people at bay for a confiderable time, he expired, co- 
 vered with wounds. Thi= accident firft brought us 
 acv]uainced with the nfe to which thefc caverns are ap- 
 plied. About this time a man, advanced in years, was 
 taken prilbner, bouno,and conveyed on boara the Re- 
 folution, in the fan>e boat, with the heads of his two 
 contrymcn. We never obfervcd horror fo ftrongly por- 
 trayed, as in the face of this perfon, nor fo violent a 
 rranfition to immcdcratc joy, as when he was untied, 
 and given to undc (land, that he might depart in fafcty. 
 He fliewcd us thr.t he was not deficient in gratitude, as 
 he not only ofter. returned afterwards with prefents of 
 provifions, but Jfo did us other fervices. 
 
 Soon after .:he dcftrudion of the village, we faw, 
 coming dowr the hill, a man, accompanied by fifteen or 
 twenty hoys, who held in their hands pieces of white 
 cloth, plan'ains, green boughs, &c. It happened that 
 this pacifv cmbairv, as foon as they were within feoch, 
 recived 'he fire of a party of our men. This, however, 
 did no", deter them from continuing their procclTicn, 
 and '.he odiccr on duty came up, in time, to prevent a 
 fecond difcharge. As they made a nearer approach, 
 the principal perfon proved to be our friend Kaireekeea, 
 who had Hed when our people firft fet fire to the vil- 
 lage, and had now returned, and expreifed his defire of 
 being fenton board the Refolution. On his arrival we 
 found him extremely thoughtful and grave. We en- 
 deavoured to convince him of the necertity there was of 
 fetting fire to the village, by which his houfe, and thofc 
 of his brethren were unintentionally dcftroyed. He 
 expofluiated with us on our ingratitude and want of 
 friendfhip ; and, indeed, it was not till the prefent mo- 
 ment, that we knew the whole extent of the injury that 
 had been done them. He inffjfi'med us, thai, confiding 
 in the promifes Mr. Kin^ had made them, and as well 
 at in the alTurances they had received from the men, 
 who had brought us fome of Captain Cook's remains, 
 they had not removed their effects back into the coun- 
 try, as the other inhabitants bad done, but had put 
 every valuable article of their own, as well as what they 
 had colledled from us, into i houfe adjoining to the 
 niotai, where they had the mortification to fee it all fet 
 on fire by our people. He had, on coming on board, per- 
 ceived the heads of his two countrymen lying on deck, 
 «t which he was greatly (hocked, and earnenly dcfir^d 
 that they might be thrown over-board. This requeft, 
 by the diredions of Captain Gierke, waa immediately 
 complied with. In the evening «ur watering party rt- 
 turned on board, having fufbuned no farther interrup* 
 tien. We paffbd 'i diugreeable night; the cries nnd 
 lamentations w^ heard from- the fliore being far more 
 dreadful than ever. Our only confolation onihisoc- 
 cafion, arofc from the hopes that a repetition of fuch 
 leverities might not be requificc infature. h is iinne- 
 what remarkable, that,' aoUdft' oil thefc difturbaiices, 
 the female natives, who w^eiei on board, did: not offer to 
 (leave us, ordifco^^ anf aJppithenfions either forthem. 
 felvcs or their friends on more. They appeared,' in- 
 deed, fo pCTfeAly unconcerned, that ibme of them, who 
 were on deck when the village waa inflames, fecmcd to 
 admire thefp^acle, and:fir«itKntiy exclaimed, that it 
 was maitai, or v^ fine. i > , ):. 
 
 Ori Thuffdif , th« 1 8th, in the morning, die tnache- 
 rous Koah came eS lOThc (hipa, as. uStiaL There being 
 no longer any flcceflitjr fcr keeping terms with hisn, Mc. 
 King was allowed to treat him as he thought proper. 
 When he appraaehed the fidle of the JjUiblutioD, iUng- 
 
 3 
 
 -T" 
 
 ing a fong, and ofttring a hog, and fomc plantains, to 
 Mr. King, the latter ordered him to keep off, and cau- 
 tioned him never to make his appearance again with- 
 out the bones of Ciptain Cook, lell his lite ihould pay 
 the forfeit of his repeated breach of faidi. He did not 
 apf)car much mortified with this unwelcome reception, 
 but immediately returned on fliore, and joined a party 
 of his countrymen, who were throwing floncs at our 
 watercrs. The body of the young man, who had been 
 killed the preceding day, was found this morning lying 
 at the entrance of the cavc; and a mat was tnrown 
 over him by fome of our peoplct foon after which they 
 faw feveral of the natives carrying him oif on their 
 (houlders, and could hear them chanting, as they 
 marched, a mournful fong. At ' ..^jth the illandcrs be- 
 ing convinced that it was not the want of ability to 
 chaftize them, which had induced us at firfl to tole- 
 rate their provocations, defined from molefting our 
 Eople; and, towards the evening, a chief, named 
 upo, who had fcldom vifitcd us, but whom we knew 
 to be a man of the firft didinclion, came with prefents 
 Irom Terreeoboo to fue for, peace. Thcfe prefents were 
 accepted, and the chief was difmiflcd with the follow- 
 ing anfwcr : That no peace would be granted, till the 
 remains of Captain Cook fiiould be rcflored. I'rom 
 Eappo we underftoodthat the flclh of all the bones of 
 our people who had been (lain, as well as the bones of 
 the trunks, had been burnt ; that the limb-bones of 
 the marines had been diftributcd among the inferior 
 chiefs; and that the remains of Captain Cook had been 
 difpofcdof as follows: the head to a great Kree, called 
 Kahooopeou; the hair to Maiha-maiha; and the arms, 
 legs, and thighs, to Terreeoboo. After it was dark, 
 many of the natives came off with various forts of ve- 
 getables; and we alfo received from Kaircekcea two 
 larige prefents of the fame articles. 
 
 On the 1 9th we were principally employed in fend- 
 ing and receiving the mclTages that pafl'ed between 
 Captain Clerkeand the old king. £appp was very ur- 
 gi.nt, that one of our officers fliould go on (horc ; and 
 offered to remain on board, in the mean time, as an 
 hofUge. This requef^, however, was not complied 
 with ; and he left us widi a promifc- of bringing the 
 bones the following day. Our watering party, at the 
 beach, did not meet with the lead oppofition from the 
 ifianders; who notwithftanding our cautious behaviour, 
 again ventured themfclves among us without any marks 
 of diffidence or apprehenlion. On Saturday the 20th, 
 enrly in the morning, we had thefatisfadlion of getting 
 the fore-maft ffeppcd. This operation was attended 
 with confiderable difficulty, and fome danger, our ropes 
 being fo extremely rotten, that the purchafe feveral 
 times gave way. Between the hours of ten and eleven, 
 we faw ^ numerous body of the natives dcfcending the 
 hill, which is over the beach, in a fort of proqeflion, 
 each man carrying on his (boulders two or three fugar- 
 canes, and fome bread-fruit, plantains, and tare, in 
 his hand. Thry were preceded by two drummers, 
 who, when they ic ached the water-fide, featcd them- 
 felves by a white flag, and began beating their drums, 
 while thofc who had followed them, advanced, one bf 
 onct and depofited the prefents they had brought with 
 them ; after which they retired in the fame order. Soon 
 afterwards £appo appeared in his long feathered cloak, 
 bearing fomething wid. great folemhity in his hands j 
 and having Rationed himfelf on a rock, he made (igns 
 that a bo- "Hould be (ent hi-n. Captain Clerke, fup- 
 pofint h"! :'.ie chief had brought the bones of our late 
 Conranodorr (which, indeed, proved to be the caft), 
 went himfelf in the pinnace to receive them, and or- 
 dered Mr. King to attend him in the cutter. When 
 they arrived at the beach, Eappo. entering the pinnace, 
 delivered the bones to Captam Clerke, wrapped up i^ 
 a great quantity of fine new olothj and covered with 4 
 fpottcd dtiak of black and white feathers. ; He after;* 
 wards att^ded our gentlemen to the Refolution, but 
 could not be prevailed on to accompany them on board j 
 being,, perhaps, from a fenfe of decency, unwiW'Og to 
 be orelcntat the opening of the prcel. In] this we 
 found both the hands of Captain Cook entire, ,*vhich 
 
 were 
 
pntaini, to 
 
 I and caii- 
 
 tain \»ith- 
 
 Ihould pay 
 
 ie did not 
 
 J reception, 
 
 led a piirty 
 
 (nes at our 
 
 had been 
 
 hniiiB lying 
 
 |us thrown 
 
 khich they 
 
 |f on their 
 
 M they 
 
 landers bc> 
 
 |l' ability to 
 
 rft to tolc- 
 
 llcfting our 
 
 \ef, named 
 
 we knew 
 
 Ith prefcnts 
 
 rcfents were 
 
 the follow- 
 
 \ei\, till the 
 
 ted. I'Voni 
 
 |he bones of 
 
 e bones of 
 
 ib-boncs of 
 
 he inferior 
 
 >k had been 
 
 iree, called 
 
 d the arms, 
 
 was dark, 
 
 forts of vc- 
 
 cekcea two 
 
 ed in fend- 
 ed between 
 vas very ur- 
 fhore; and 
 time, as an 
 3t complied 
 wringing the 
 ^arty, at the 
 on from the 
 IS behaviour, 
 Jt any marks 
 lay the 20th, 
 n of getting 
 r'as attended 
 er, our ropes 
 ;hafe fevcral 
 I and eleven, 
 fcending the 
 f proqciTion, 
 three fugar- 
 ind taro, in 
 drummers, 
 eatcd them- 
 their drums, 
 ced, one by 
 irought with 
 ord^- Soon 
 lered cloak, 
 his hands,! 
 made iigns 
 i^lerke, fup- 
 I of our late 
 E the cafe), 
 ■m, and or-» 
 ler. When 
 the pinnace, 
 ippcd up in 
 ered wirh^ 
 ; Hoaftcrr> 
 blutiont but 
 m on beard I 
 jnvfUliog to 
 In! this wc 
 itire, which 
 were 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. J95 
 
 *crc well known to us from a fear on one of them, 
 that divided the fore-finger frimthc thumb, the whole 
 length of the metacarpal bone j the ftull, but with the 
 fcafp fcparatcd from it, and the hones of the face want- 
 ing; the fcalp, with the ears adhering to it, and the hair 
 upon it cut fhort ; the bones of both the arms, with the 
 Ikin of the fore-arms hanging to thenu the bones of 
 the thighs and legs joined together, but without the 
 feet. The ligaments of the joints were obfcrvcd to be 
 entire I and the whole Ihewed fufficicnt marks of hav- 
 ing been in the fire, except the hands, which had the 
 Hem rtmaining upon them, and were cut in fcveral 
 places, and crammed with fait, nioft probably with a 
 view of preferving them. The (kull was free from any 
 fradure, but the kalp had a cut in the back part of it. 
 The lower jaw and feet, which were wanting, had been 
 fcizcd, as Kappo informed us, by difterent Erees; and 
 he alfo told us, that Terrceoboo was ufing every means 
 to recover them. 
 
 The next morning, being the 21ft of February, 
 Eappo,and the king's Ibn, came on board, and brought 
 with them not only the remaining bones of Captain 
 Cook, but likcwife the barrels of his gun, his Inocs, 
 
 and fomc other trifles which had belonged to him. 
 Eappo affurcd us. that Terrceoboo, Maiha-hiaiha, and 
 himfdf were extremely defirout of peace; that they 
 had given us the moft convmcing proofs of it; and 
 that they had been prevented from giving it (boner by 
 the other chiefs, many 6f whom were ftill difaft'edted 
 to us. He lamented, with the moft lively forrow, the 
 death of fix chiefs, who hiid been killed by our people; 
 fomc of whom, he faid, were among our beft friends. 
 He informed us, that the cutter had been taken away by 
 Pareea's people, probably In revenge for the blow that 
 he had received ; and that it had been broken up the fol- 
 lowing d.ny. The arms of the marines, which we had 
 alfo demanded, had been carried off, he faid, by the po- 
 pulace and were irrecoverable. 
 
 Nothing now rcraained, but to perform the laft fo- 
 lemnoflices to our excellent Commander. Eappo was 
 difmiflcd with orders to taboo all the bay; and, in the 
 afternoon, his remains having been depofited in a coffin, 
 the funeral fcrvicc was read over them, and they were 
 committed to the deep with the ufual military honours. 
 Our feelings, on this mournful occation, arc more eafy 
 to be conceived than expreflcd. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 I'bc Tiiho kid on ibe bay tah-ii off, and the Jhips furrounded utlb caiwes— Orders for the Re/olutioH and Difcwery to be un- 
 moored—Tbey ^veiab ancbor ami lake ibeir depurtiire Jrom Karakakuoabay—Satl in qiieft of a harbour oit the foul b-eajl 
 fide of Mnvee— Driven It leeward by theeurreni, andjirong eajierly %vmds~P^s Toboorowa—Soulb-weJl Jide of Mo- 
 u-ee defcribed— Proceed lo U'oalm—lls mrib coajl defcrtbed—Difa'ppoinled in allempling lo waler—Sail to Aloot; and 
 ancbnr in U'ymoa bay— The milrves ml fo friendly as br/ore— Their iiifolence in demundiug a bal cbel for every caji of water 
 — Trial our people with contempt — Steal Lieutenant Kinf^'s biviger — Their iufolence at the -water fide — Are fired at by 
 l-Ko marines— One of them wounded — // vifitfrom the contending Chief s-^TheJbips anchor off Oueehetnv — Their depar- 
 ture—A correct, copiotis.and complete account of Sandwich Ijlands — Rslenl of Owljybee, tbelargeft of the whole group-- 
 Its dillrills, coafts, adjacent country, iSc. defcribed— An account of fe-veral other ijlands — A particular and full account of 
 Ibe inbabilams of Sandwkb Ijlands— Divi/ion of the people into three ela/es— -Genealogical af count of the kings of Ozvby- 
 ive and Mowee—Aktbority of Ibe Erees — Tyramiyof Pareea exercifed on an inferior thief — An account of their religion— 
 Their fociely of prices — Their ideas of a future JitUe — A particular defcriftion of the word Taboo — A remarkable injiance 
 tf jealoi^y-^Fiineral ceremonies at ihededthofaHold Ojief,(^c. (^c. isc. 
 
 ON the 22nd of February, 1779, duringthe morn- 
 ing, not a canoe came near the bay, the taboo, 
 which Eappo, at our requeft, had laid on it the 
 preceding day, having not yet been taken off. At length 
 that chief came on board; when we alfured him that 
 wc were now pcrfedly fatisfied; and that, as the Orono 
 was buried, all remembrance of the late unhi^ppy tranf- 
 adions was buried with him. We afterwards requefied 
 him to take off the taboo, and to make it known, that 
 the illanders might bring provifions to us as uTual. 
 The fliips were foon fiirrounded with canoes, and many 
 of the Erees came on board, exprefTing their grief at 
 what had happened, and their iatisfadion at our recon- 
 ciliation. Several of our friends, who did not favour 
 us with a vifit, fent prefcnts of large hogs, and other 
 provifions. Among the reft, the old treacherous Koah 
 came off to us, but we refufed him admittance. We 
 w«re now preparing to put to fea, and Captain Clerke 
 imagining, that, if the iiitclligence of our proceedings 
 Ihould reach the iflands to leeward before us, it might 
 have a bad effect, gave orders, that the fiiips (hpuld be 
 unmoored. About eight in the evening, we difmiffed 
 all the natives; and Eappo, and the friendly Kaircekeca, 
 took their leave df us in a very affefiionatc manner. 
 We immediately weighed anchor, aiK] ftood out of Ka- 
 rakakooa bay. The iflanders were aflcmWed in great 
 numbers on the ihorc; and, as we paffed along, received 
 our laft farewels, with every mark of good* will and afl- 
 fedtioHi About ten o'clock P. M. having cleared the . 
 land, wc ftood to the northward, with a view of Search- 
 ing for an harbour, which the natives had often men. 
 fioned, on the fiiuth^eaft fide of Mowce. We found 
 owrfelves, the next morning, driven to Icpward, by a 
 TwcU from the N. E. and a frefti gale, f«)m«hc fame 
 quarter, drove us ftill farther to the weft«ard. At 
 ■midni^t we tttcked and flood fouir hours to the S. to 
 
 keep clear of the land ; and, at day-break, on the 24th, 
 wc were ftanding towards a fmall barren ifland, named 
 Tahoorowa, about feven miles S, W. of Mowee. 1-Iav- 
 ing now no profpeif): of making a clofer examination of 
 the S. E. parts of Mowee, we bore away, and kept 
 along the S. E. fide of Tahoorowa. Steering clofe 
 . round its wcftem extremity, in order to fetch the W. 
 fide of Mowee, we fuddenly ftioaled our water, and 
 faw the fea breaking on fomc rocks almoft right a-head. 
 We then kept away about a league and a half, and 
 again fteered to the northward; when we ftood for a 
 paffage between Mowce, and an ifland named Ranai. 
 1/1 t^c afternoon, the weather was calm, with light airs 
 from the W. We ftood to the N. N. W. but obferv- 
 inga (hoal about funfet, and the weather beine unfet- 
 tied, we ftood towards the S. Wc had paffed the S. 
 W. fide of this ifland, without lieing able to approach 
 the ihore. It forms the fame diftant view as the N. E. 
 as feen when we returned from the N. in November, 
 1778; the hilly parts, connedledby a low flat ifthmus, . 
 having, at the firft view, the appearance of two feparate 
 iflands. This deceptive appearance continued, till wc 
 were within about ten leagues of the coafl, which bend- 
 ing a great way inward, formed a capacious bay. The 
 wefternmoft point, off' which thefhoal runs that we have 
 jufl; now mentioned, is rendered rcniarkable by a fmall 
 hillock : S. of which is a fine fandy bay ; and, on the 
 . ihore, are leveral huts, with plenty of cocoa-trees about 
 them. In the courfe of the day, fevcral of the natives 
 vifited us, and brought provifions with them. We pr6- 
 Cently difcovered, tlut they had heard of our unfortu- 
 nate difafters at Owhyhee. They were extremely anx- 
 ious to be informed of the particulars, from a woman 
 who had hid hcrfelf in the Refolution, in order to ob- 
 tain a j>affage to Atooi ; making particular enquiries 
 aboutParcea, and fomc other chiefs ; and fccming much 
 
 agitated 
 
 '■■i i 
 
I,. ^ 
 
 it, I : , 
 
 
 Si . ■ f' 
 
 Si}6 
 
 Capt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE, 
 
 ■'tf' 
 
 agiuted at the death of Kaneeniu and hia brother, 
 wjt, in wfiatevcr light this bufincia migh'' !iave been 
 Tcprefcntcd by the wonmn, k produced no bad dft& in 
 their behaviour, which waa civil and obhging to an ex« 
 treme. 
 
 On Thuifday, the a5th, in thenwming,theWtnd be- 
 ing at E. we {Veered along the S. fide of Ranai, till al- 
 mod noont when We had oaffling winds and cainu till 
 the evening ; after which, we had a light cafterly breexe, 
 and fteercd for the W. of Morotoi. The current, 
 which had fet from the N. E. ever fince we left Kara- 
 kakooa bay, changed its direction, in the courfe of this 
 day, to the S. E. The wind was again variable during 
 the night ; bur, early in the momins of the a6th, it fet- 
 tled at E. blowing lo frefli, u to oblige us to double- 
 reef the top.fails. At fevcn, we opened a fmali bay, 
 diftant about two leagues, having a fine fiindy beach i 
 but not perceiving any appearance of freih water, we 
 endeavoured to get to the windward of Woahoo, an 
 ifland which we had fcen in January, 1778. We faw 
 the land about two in the afternoon, bearing W. by N. 
 at the diftance of about eight leagues. We tacked, as 
 foon as it xas dark, and again bore away at day-light 
 on the 27th. Between ten and eleven, we were about 
 a league off ific fhore, and near the middle of the N. 
 E. fide of the ifland. 
 
 The coaft to the northward, confifls of detached hills, 
 afccnding perpendicularly from the feai the fides being 
 covered with wood, and the vallies, between them, ap- 
 pearing to be fertile, and well cultivated. An exten* 
 nve bay was obfervable to the fouihward. bounded, to 
 the S. E. by a low point of land, covered with cocoa- 
 nut trees ; off which, an infulated rock appeared, at 
 the diflance of a mile from the fliore. The windcon- 
 tinuing to blow frefti. we were unwilling to entangle 
 ourfelvcs with a lee-fliore. Inflead of attempting, there- 
 fbre, to examine the bay, we hauled up, and (leered in 
 the diredion of the coalV. At noon, we were about 
 two leagues from the ifland, and a-breafl of the N. 
 '^'>int of it. It is low and flat, having a reef ftretching 
 >* almoft a mile and an half. Between the N. point, 
 and a head-land to the S. W. the land bends inward, 
 and fcemed to promife a good road. We therefore 
 (leered along the fhore, at abo..: a rnile difiance. At 
 two, we were induced, by the fight of a fine river, to 
 anchor in thirteen fathoms water. In the afternoon, 
 Mr. King attended the two Captains on (hore, where 
 few of the natives were to be feen, and thoTe princi- 
 pally women. The men, we were informed, were gone 
 to Morotoi, to fight Tahyterreej but their chief. Per- 
 recoranec, remained behind, and would certainly attend 
 us, as foon as he was informed of our arrival. To our 
 great difappointment, the water had a brackifh tade, 
 tor about two hundred yards up the river j beyond 
 which, however, it was pierfedly ficfh, and was a de- 
 lightful ftream. Farther up, we came to the conflux of 
 two fmall rivulets, branching ofT to the right and left 
 of a deep romantic mountain. The banks of the ri- 
 ver, and all tharwe' faw of Woahoo, ttt in fine culti- 
 vation, and full of villages t the face of the country be- 
 ing aifo remarkably Mautifiil and piiflurefqiie. It 
 would have been a laborious bufinefs to have watered at 
 this place, Mr. King was therefbredifpatched tofearch 
 about the coaft to leeward s but, being unable to land, 
 on account of a reef of coral^ which extended along 
 the (hore. Captain Clerk refolved to proceed immedi- 
 ately to Atoqi. In the morning, about eight, we weighed 
 and Hood to the north; and, on Sunday, the iStn, at 
 day- light, we bore away for that ifland, and were in 
 fight of it by noon. We were ofl' its eaflern extremity, 
 which is a green flat point, about fun-fet. As it was 
 ilark, we did not venture to run for the road on the S. 
 \V. fide, burfpurft the night \t\ plying on and offj and 
 anchored, at nine the next morning, being Monday 
 the I fl of March, in 45 fathoms water. lin running 
 down, from the S. E. point of the ifland, we faw, in 
 many places, the appearance of (hoal water, at fame 
 diftancc from the land. Being anchored in our old 
 (lation, feveral canoes came tovifit u«t but it was very 
 obrcrvable. that there was noc that appearance of cer- 
 
 diality in their manner, and complaccnty in their 
 courttenances, as when we faw them lx:lbrc. They had 
 nofoonergot onboard, but one of them informed us, 
 that we had communicateti a difnrdcr to the women, 
 which had killed many perfons of both fexes. He. at * 
 that time, was aff^idled with the venereal difeafe, and 
 minutely defcribcd the various fymptoms which hnd 
 attended it. As no appearance of that diforder had 
 beenobfervedamongll them, on our flrft arrival, we 
 were, it is to be feared, the authors of this irreparable 
 mifchief. What we had fkincipally in view, at this 
 place, was to water the fliipa with as much expedition 
 as poflliblet and Mr. King wu fent on (hore in the af- 
 ternoon, with the launch and pinnace, laden with caflts. 
 He was accompanied by the gunner of the Refolution, 
 who was inflruified to trade for fome provifions 1 and 
 they were attended by a guard of five marines. Multi- 
 tudes of people were collKled upon the beacH; by whom, 
 at firft, we were kindly received; but, afcer we had 
 landed the calks, they b^an to be exceedingly trouble^ 
 fome. Knowing from experience, how difficult a talk 
 it was to reprefs this difpofition, without the interpofi- 
 tion of their chiefs, we were forry to be informed, that 
 they were all at adiflant part of the ifland. Indeed, we 
 both felt and lamented the want of their alTiftancc ; for 
 we could hardjy form a circle, as our pradlice ufually 
 was, for the fafety and convenience of the trading party. 
 No (boner had we taken this flip, and polled marines 
 to keep ofl^ the populace, than a man took hold of 
 the bayonet belongintr to one of the foldicr's inuf- 
 quets, and endeavoured to wrench it forcibly from his 
 hand. Mr. King immediately advanced towards 
 them, when the native quitted his hold, and retired i 
 but immediately returned, having'a fpear in one hand, 
 and a dagger in the other; and it was with difficulty 
 that his countrymen could reflrain him from engaging 
 with the foldier. This affray was occafioned by the na- 
 tive's having received, from the foldier, a flight prick 
 with his bayonet, to induce him to keep without the 
 line. At this time, our fituation required great ma- 
 nap;ement and circumfpedlion; Mr. King accordingly 
 enjoined, that no one fhould prefume to fire, or proceei) 
 to any other adof violence, without pofitive commands. 
 Having given thefe inflrudions, he was fummoned to 
 the alunance of the watering party, where he found the 
 natives in the fame mifchievous ciifpofition. They had 
 
 Eeremptorily demanded, for every caflc of water, a large 
 atcheti which not being complied with, they would 
 not permit the failors to roll them to the boats. When 
 Mr. King had joined them, one of the natives ap- 
 proached him, with great infolence, and made the fame 
 demand. Mr. King told him, that as a friend, he waa 
 welcome to a hatchet, but he certainly would carry olT 
 the water, without paying for it ; and inflantly ordered 
 the pinnace men to proceed ; at the fame tiine calling 
 for three marines, from the trading party, toprotcdt 
 them. This becoming fpirit fo far (ucceedcd, as to 
 prevent any daring attempt to interrupt us ; but they ' 
 (lill perfevered in me mod teafing and infulting beha.^ 
 viour. Some of them, under pretence of aflifting the 
 Tailors, in rolling the cafl<s towards the fliore, gave them 
 a different diredion ; others (lole the hats from ofl^our 
 people's heads, pulled them backward by the fltirts of 
 their clothes, and tripped up their heels; th- populace, 
 during all this time, fhoutingand laughing, with a mix- 
 ture of mockery and malice. They afterwards took an 
 opportunity of ftealing th? cooper'* bucket, and forci- 
 bly took away his bag. Their principal aim, however, 
 was to poflcn themfSlves of the mulquets of the ma- 
 rines, who were continually complaining of their at- 
 tempts to force them from their hands. Though they, 
 in general, preferved a kind of deference and refpeft 
 for Mr. Kingi yet they obliged him to contribute hit 
 (hare towaitb their flock of plunder. One of them 
 appnMched hiin, in a familiar manner, and diverted his 
 attention, whiUl anotherfeized his hanger, i#hioh he held 
 careleisly in his hand, and ran away with it. Such ift* 
 folence wu not to be repelled by force. Prudence dic- 
 tated that we muft patiently fubmit to it; at the fame 
 time, guaiding againft itt etk&t u well as wc were 
 ^ able. 
 
their 
 ley had 
 ncd us, 
 j/omen, 
 [He, It ' 
 Je, and 
 Ich hnd 
 ler had 
 fa.\, M'c 
 parable 
 at thia 
 lition 
 the af- 
 |h ca(l(s. 
 ilution, 
 19; and 
 Multi- 
 whom, 
 we hatl 
 |trouble« 
 It a ta(k 
 iterpofi* 
 led, that 
 Iced, vit 
 ICC; for 
 :e ufually 
 ng party, 
 marinei 
 hold of 
 ;r's inuf- 
 frnm hit 
 toward* 
 I retired i 
 )ne hand, 
 difficult/ 
 engaging 
 ly the na- 
 tht prick 
 khout the 
 great ma- 
 pcordingly 
 ar proceed 
 ommands. 
 imoned to 
 : found the 
 They had 
 Iter, a large 
 hey would 
 Its. When 
 lativcs ap- 
 )e the faine 
 nd, he waa 
 Id carry off 
 tly ordered 
 inc calling 
 to protect 
 ded, at to 
 s ; but they " 
 Iting beh*^ 
 iflifting the 
 , gave them 
 rem off our 
 ie fltirtt of 
 '. populace, 
 with a mix- 
 irdt took an 
 , and forcU 
 n, however, 
 of the ma- 
 of their at- 
 hough they, 
 and refpedt 
 ntribute hit 
 )ne of them 
 diverted hit 
 rhioh he held 
 [. Suchifi- 
 rudence dic> 
 ; at the fame 
 Its wc were 
 able. 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. s')7 
 
 able. Mr. King was. however, fomcwhat alarmed, on 
 being foon after informed by the fcrjcant of marines, 
 that, turning fuddcniy round, he faw a man behind 
 him. armed with a dagger, in the polition of (Irikmg. 
 Though he might, perhaps, be mirtakcn, in thit parti- 
 cular, our fituation was truly critical and alarming; and 
 the fmallcft error or miftake, on our part, might have 
 been of fatal confcqucnces. 
 
 Our people being fcparatcd into three fmall parties; 
 one filling calks at the lake; another rolling them to the 
 Ihore; and a third purchiiling provilions; Mr. King 
 had fome intentions of colleaing them together, in 
 order to protcd the performance of one duty at a time. 
 But, on due reflcdion, he thought it nwrc advifcableto 
 let them proceed as they had begun. If a rial, attack 
 had been made, even our whole force could have made 
 but a poor refillancc. He thought, on the other hand, 
 that fuch a flip might operate to our difadvantage, as 
 being an evident token of our fears. Bcfidcs. in the 
 prcfcntcafe, the crowd was kept divided, and many of 
 them wholly occupied in bartering. Perhaps the luin- 
 cipal caufe of their not attacking us was, their dread 
 of the effedls of our arms; and, as wc appeared to 
 place fo much confidence in this advantage, as to on- 
 pofeonly five marines to fuch a multitude of people, 
 their ideas of our fupcriority muft have been greatly 
 exalted. It was ourbufinefs to chcrifh this opinion; 
 and, it iriuft ever be acknowledged, to the honour of 
 the whole party, that it was impolTible for any men to 
 behave better, in order to ftrengthcn thcfe impreflions. 
 Whatever could be confidcred as a jeft. they received 
 with patience and good-naturc; but, if they were in- 
 terrupted by any ferious attempt, they oppofed it with 
 refolute looks and menaces. At length, we fo far fuc- 
 ceeded, as to get all our calks to the fea-fide, without 
 any accident of confequcnce: but, while our people 
 were getting the calks into the launch, the inhabitants, 
 thinking they lliould have no farther opportunity of 
 plundering, grew more daring and infolcnt. The fer- 
 jeant of marines luckily fuggefted to Mr. King, the ad- 
 vantage of fending off his p«rty firft into the boats, by 
 which means the mufquets would be taken out of their 
 reach; which, as above related, were the grand objcdls 
 the iflandeps had in view : and, if they (hould happen 
 to attack us, the marines could more effcdually de- 
 fend us, than if they were on Ihore. Every thing was 
 now in the boats, and only Mr. King, Mr. Anderfon. 
 the gunner, and a feamanof the boat's crew, remained 
 on lliorc. The pinnace laying beyond the furf, which 
 we were under a neccflity of Iwimming through, Mr. 
 King ordered the other two to make the beft of their 
 way to it, and told them he would follow them. They 
 both refufed to comply with this order, and it became a 
 natter of conteft, who fliould be the laft on (liore. 
 Some hafty exprcfllon, it feems. Mr. King had juft be- 
 fore made ufc of to the failor. which he confidcred as 
 a reflrdion on his courag?, and excited his refcntment; 
 and the old gunner, as a point of honour was now 
 ftartcd. conceived it to be his duty to take a part in it. 
 In this whiiufital fituation, they, perhaps, might have 
 long remained, had not the difpute been fettled by the 
 fiones, which began to fly plentifully about us, and by 
 the cxrlamationsof the people from the boats, begging 
 us to be expeditious, jis the natives were armed with 
 clubs and fpcars, and purfuing us into the water. Mr. 
 King arrived (irft at the pinnace, and, perceiving Mr. 
 Andcrfon was fo fiir behind, as not to be entirely out of 
 danger, he ordered one mufquct to be fired ; but, in 
 the hurry of executing his orders, the marines fired two. 
 The natives immediately ran away, leaving only one 
 inan and woman on the beach. The man attempted to 
 rifefeveral <imes, but was tiot able. having l^en wounded 
 in the groin. The iflanders, in a ftiort time, returned; 
 and, furrounding the wounded man, brandifhed their 
 fpcars at us, with an air of defiance; but, by the time 
 •wc reached the Ihips, fome pcrfons arrived which wc 
 fuppofcd to be the chiefs, by whom they were all driven 
 from the fliore. During our abfence Captain Gierke 
 lind been under terrible a^^rchenfions for our fafetyt 
 which had been conlidcrably incrcafed by his loifunde^- 
 
 No. 73. 
 
 (landing fome of the natives, with whom he had con- 
 verfed on board. The name of Captain Cook being 
 frequently n>entioncd, accompanied with circumnantiai 
 delcripiioni of his death and dellrudlion, he concluded, 
 that they had received intelligence of the unfortunate 
 events at Owhyhee, to which they alluded. Uut they 
 wereonly endeavouring to makchmi underfland, what 
 wart had arifen on account of the goat.4, which Cnp- 
 tain Cook had left at Onecheow, and that the poor 
 goats had been flaughtcred, during the coined for the 
 property of them. Captain CIcrke, apjilying thefe 
 fhocking reprefentations to our inijloriunes at Owhy- 
 hee, and to an indication of revenge, fixed his tclefcoue 
 upon us the whole time ; and, as foon as he faw the 
 fmoke of the mufquets, ordered the boats to be put off 
 to our affiflance. 
 
 OnTuefday, the id of March, in the morning, Mr. 
 King was again ordered 00 (hore, with the watering 
 party. As wc had fo narrowly efcapcd the preceding 
 day. Captain Gierke augmented our force frniii both 
 Oiips, and we had a guard of forty men under arms. 
 This precaution, however, was found to he unncccfTary ; 
 for the be.nch was left entirely to ourfelvcs, and the 
 ground, extending from the landing-place to the lake, 
 tabooed. Hence we concluded, that fome of the chiefs 
 had vifited this quarter; w ho, being unable to flay, had 
 confiderately taken this (Icp, that we might be accom- 
 modated with fafcty. Several men appeared with fpcars 
 and daggers, on the other fide of the river, but never 
 attempted to moleft us. Their women came over, and 
 fcated themfelves clofc by us, on the banks; and about 
 the middle of the day, fome of the men were prevailed 
 on to bring us hogs and roots, and alfo to drcfs them 
 for us. When we had left the beach, they came down to 
 the fea-fide, and one of them had the audacity to throw 
 a ftone at us ; but, as his condudl was highly cenfurcd 
 by the reft, we did not exprefs any kind of refcntment. 
 On the 3d, we completed our watering, without much 
 difficulty; and, on returning to the ftiips. wc were in- 
 formed, that feveral chiefs had been on Doard, and had 
 apologized for the condudl of their countrymen, attri- 
 buting their riotpus behaviour to the quarrels then fub- 
 fifling among tlie principal people of the ifland, and 
 which had deflroyed all order and fubordination. At 
 this timcthc government of Atioot was difputed between 
 Toneonco, who had the fuprcme power when we were 
 there the preceding year, and a youth named Tea\ ec. 
 By different fathers, they are both the grandfons of 
 Pereeorannee, king of Woahoo; who gave Atooi to 
 the fotmcr, and Oneeheow to the latter. The quarrel 
 originated about the goats which wc had left at Onee- 
 heow the year before; they being qlaiimd by Tonco- 
 neo, as that ifland was a dependency of his. The ad- 
 herents of Teavce infilling on the right of pofTeinon, 
 both parties prepared to fupport their prctenlions, and 
 a battle enfued jufl before our arrival, wherein Toneo- 
 nco had been defeated. Tonconeo was likely to be- 
 come more affedtcd by the confequcnce of this vidory, 
 than by the lofsof the objcds in difpute; for the mo- 
 ther of Teavec having married a fccond hulband, who 
 was not only a chief at Atooi, but alfo at the head of a 
 powerful fadion there, he thought of embracing the 
 prcfent opportunity of driving Tonconeo out of the 
 ifland, that his fon. in-law might fuccced to the goverii- 
 raent. The goats, which had incrcafed to fix, and 
 would probably have ftocked thefe iflands in a few 
 years, were deftroyed in this conteft. Thurfday, the 
 4th, we were vifited, on board the Refolutioji, by the 
 father-in-law, the mother, and the fifter of the young 
 prince, who made feveral curious prcfcnts to Captain 
 CIcrke. Among the reft, were fome fifli-hooks, which 
 were made from the bones of Terreeoboo's father, who 
 had been killed in an unfuccefsful defcent upon Woa- 
 hoo. Alfo a fly-flap, from the hands of the prince's 
 fifter, which had a human bone for its handle, and had 
 been given to her by her father-in-law,asa trophy. They 
 were not accompanied by young Tcayee, he being then 
 engaged in the performance of fome religious rites, on 
 account of the vidory he had obtained. The 5th and 
 6th, were employed in completing the Difcovcry's water, 
 7 M The 
 
 !i 
 
 
 .1! < 
 
 St 
 
S9« 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 Thr carpcfitcn were enKaf^rd in caulkins the fliips, and 
 preparing for our next cruife. VVc no Umucr received 
 any moledation from the nativei, who fupplied ui plen- 
 tifully with pork and vcgctahlci. 
 
 I'hit day Mc were vilited by an Indian, who brought 
 ■ piece of iron on Ixmrd, to lie formed into the Ihaiic of 
 a p:iho<)a. It wai the bolt of fome lari^c (hip timucrH, 
 but neither the olficcrs nor men could ilifcovcr to what 
 nation it bclon>?cd ! though from the lha|)eof the bolt, 
 and the palencfn of the iron, they were convinced it was 
 not I'.n^lilli, They enquired (Uit-'tly of the native how 
 became pollbflld of it, when he informed them, that it 
 was takeii out of a lar^c piece of timber, which had been 
 driven u^ion their ilUnd, fincc wc were there in January, 
 1778. 
 
 On Sunday, the 7th, we received 1 vifit from Tonc- 
 onco, at which we were furprized. Hearing the dowa- 
 pcr princcfs was on board, he could hardly be prevailed 
 on to enter the (lup. When they met, they cart an an- 
 [•ly lowering look at each other. He did not ftay long, 
 and appeared much dcjecled. Wc remarked, however, 
 w ith fome dej;rec of furpri/.e, that the women proftra- 
 ted thcmfclves before him, both at his coming and. 
 goinjr away ; and all the natives on board treated him 
 with that refpctit which is ufually paid to pcrfont of his 
 rank. It was fomewhat remarkable, that a man, who 
 u ho was then in a (late of adual hoftility with Teavee'i 
 party, Ibould venture alone within the mwerof his ene- 
 mies. Indeed, the civil diffenlions, which are frequent 
 in all the fouth fea idands, fecm to be conduced with- 
 out much acrimony t the depofed governor ftill enjoy- 
 ing the rank of an Eree, and may put in pradicc fuch 
 means as may arife, to regain the confequcncc which he 
 has loft. 
 
 On the 8th, at nine in the morning, wc weighed, and 
 proceeded towards Oneeheow, and came to anchor in 
 20 fathoms water, at about three in the afternoon, nearly 
 on the fpot where wc anchored in 1778, With the 
 other anchor, we moored in 26 fathoms water. We 
 had a ftrong gale from the eaftward in the nicht, and, 
 the next morning, the (hip had driven a whole cable's 
 len|;tli, both anchors being almoft brought a-head; in 
 which fituation wc were ooligecl to continue, this and 
 the two following dayi. 
 
 On Friday, the 1 2th, the weather being more mode- 
 fate, the Mafter was difpatchcd to the N. W. fide of the 
 idand, in fearch of a more commodious place for an- 
 choring. In the evening he returned, having found a 
 tine bay, with good anchbragc, in 1 8 fathoms water. 
 The points of the bay were in the direilion of N. by E. 
 and 5. by W. A fmall village wis fituated on the N. fide 
 of the bay, to the eaftwaraof which were four wells of 
 good water. Mr. Bligh went far enougti to the iN. to 
 convince himfelf that Oreehoua, and CJneehcow, were 
 two fcparatc iflands. Being now on the point of taking 
 our final leave of the Satulwich Iflands, it may be pro- 
 per to give here a general and corred account of their 
 fituation, and natural hillory, as well ds of the cuftomn 
 and manners of the natives; which will ferve as a kind 
 of fupplcment to a former dcfcription, the rcfult of our 
 firft vifit to thtfc illands. 
 
 This group is compofed of 1 1 iflands, extending in 
 long, from 199 dcg. •{6min. to 205 deg. 6 min. E. and 
 in lat. from 18 deg. 54 min. to 22 deg. 15 min. N. 
 Their names, according to the natives, are, i . Owhyhec, 
 2. Atooi, Atowi, or Towi; which is alfo fometimes 
 called Kowi. ;{. Woahoo, or Oahoo. 4. Mowcc. 5. 
 Morotoi, or Morokoi. 6. Oreehoua, or Reehoua. 7. 
 Morotinnce, or Morokinncc. 8. Tahoora, 9. Ranai, 
 or Oranai. 1 o. Oneeheow, or Neheeow. 1 1 . Kahow- 
 rowee, or Tahoorowa, Thefc are all inhabited, except 
 Tahoora and Morotinnce. Belides thofc we have enu- 
 merated, wc he^rd of another ifland named Modoo-pa- 
 ppa, or Komodoo-papapa, fituated to the W. S. W. of 
 Tahoora ; it is low and fandy, and is vifited folely for 
 the purpofe of catching turtle and water-fowl. As wc 
 could never learn that the natives had knowledge of any 
 other iflands, it is moft probable that no others exid In 
 their neighbourhood. Captain Cook had diftinguiihed 
 this clulter of iflandi by the name of the Sandwich 
 1 . , 
 
 Iflandi, in honour of the Earl of Sandwich, then M\ 
 l.ird of the Admiralty, under whofe adminrtlr.ition he 
 had cnriche i Oeoj'Mphy with fo many valuable difco- 
 veritsi a tri'nite luftly due to that nobleman, for the 
 encouragcmeit and fiipport which thefc voyages de. 
 rived from hi* (lowcr, and for the /.ealous eagf rnefi with 
 which he feconded the views of our illuflrious navi- 
 gitor. 
 
 The mod e.fterly ol thcfe illaniN, called Owhyhec, 
 and by far the largcft of them all. is of a triangular fi- 
 gure, and ncirly equilateral. The angular points con- 
 liitiite the northern, fouthcrn, and eallern extremities. 
 The lat. o( the northern extreme is 20 dcg. 17 min. N. 
 and its long, 304 dcg 1 min. K. the fiiuthern end fiandi 
 in the long, of 204 dcg. 1 5 min. E. and in the lat. of 
 1 8 deg. 54 min. N. and the eallern extremity is in the 
 lat. ot ig deg. jf min. N. and in the long, of aoj des. 
 6 min. E. The circumference of the whole ifland it 
 about 25 J geographical miles, or 293 Englilh ones. Its 
 breadth is 24 leagues 1 and its grcateft length, which 
 lies nearly in a N. and S. diredion, is 38 Icigucs and a 
 half. It is divided into fix cxtenlive diftricis, namely, 
 Akona and Koaarra, which arc on the W. lidc) Kaoo 
 and Opoona, on the S. E. and Aheedoo and Amakooa, 
 on the N. E. A mountain, named Mouna Kaah, (or 
 the mountain Kaah) which rifct in three peaks, conti- 
 nually covered Vvith fnow, and may be difccrned at the 
 diftar.cc of 40 leagues, feparates the diftridt of Ama« 
 kooa from that of Aheedoo. The coaft, to the north- 
 ward of thij mountain, is compofed of high and abmpt 
 clifi's, down which fall many beautiful cafcades of water. 
 We once flattered ourfelvcs with the hopes of finding a 
 harbour round a blufli'head, on a part of this coall, in 
 the lat. of 20 d«-g 10 min. N. and thelong. of 204dcg. 
 26 min. E. but ^fter we hatl doubled the point, and 
 were ftanding dole in, wc found that it was connciftcd, 
 by a low valky, i\ .ih another elevated head to the north- 
 wellward. 'i'he country riles inland with a gradual 
 afcent, and is interfered by narrow deep glens, or ra- 
 ther chafms : it feemed to be well cultivated, and to 
 have many villages fcattcied about it. The fnnWy moun- 
 tain above-mentioned is very fieep, and its loweft part 
 abounds with wood. The coaft of Aheedoo is of a mo- 
 derate elevation ; and the interior parts have the appear- 
 ance of being more even than the country toward* the 
 N. W. Wc cruifcd off thefc two diftndli for near a 
 month ; and whenever our diftance from the fhore would 
 permit, were furroiindcd by canoes laden with refrcfli- 
 ments of every kind. On this fide of the ifland, we of- 
 ten met with a very heavy Tea, and a great fwcll; and, 
 as there was much foul ground otf the Ihorc, wc feldom 
 made a nearer approach to the land than two or three 
 leagues. Towards the N. E. of Apoona, the coaft, which 
 conftttutes the caftcrn extreme of the ifland, is rather 
 low and flat. In the inland parts the acclivity it very 
 gradual; and the country abounds with bread-fruit, and 
 cocoa-nut trees. This appeared to us to be the fined 
 part of the whole ifland ; and wc were afterwards in- 
 formed, that the king occafionally refided here. The 
 hills, at the fouth-weftern extremity, rife with fome ab- 
 ruptnefs from the fea-fide, leaving only a narrow bor- 
 der of low land towards the beach. The fides of thcfe 
 hills were covered with verdure; but the adjacent cpun- 
 try feemed thinly inhabited. When our (hips douoled 
 the E. point of the ifland, wc had fight of another 
 fnowy mountain, called by the natives, Mouna Roa (or 
 the extenfive mountain) which, during the whole time 
 wc were failing along the fouth-eaftern fide, continued 
 to be a very confpicuous objeifl. It was flat at the fum- 
 mit, which was perpetually involved in fnow; and we 
 once obfcrved its fides alfo flightly covered with it for a 
 confiderabte way down. According to the tropical line 
 of (how, as determined by Monfieur Condamine, from 
 obfcrvations made on the Cordilleras in America, the 
 height of this mountain muft be, at lead, 16,020 feet. 
 It therefore exceeds the height of the Pico dc Teydc, or 
 Peak of Tenerifle, by 3680 feet, according to the com- 
 putation of the Chevalier dc Borda, or 724, according 
 to that of Dr. Heberdcn. the peaks of Mouna Kaah 
 feemed to be of the height of about half a mile ; and, 
 
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 COOK'S THIRD and LAST' VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 599 
 
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 M they are wholly covered with fnow, the altitude of 
 their fummits muft at Icaft be i {1,400 feet. 
 
 The diftridl of Kaoo exhibits a mod horrid and dif- 
 ni,»l profpctfti the whole country haying, to appearance, 
 undergone an entire change from the confequenclts'of 
 ibinc dreadful conVuHion, The ground is, in all parts, 
 covered with cinders; and, in many places, interfc(Jlcd 
 ^»ith blaikifh ftrcaks, which lecm to mark the proprcfs 
 of a lava that has flowed, not many centuries a<;o, from 
 Mouna Roa to the fliore. The fouth promontory ap- 
 pears like the mere dregs of a volcano. The head-land 
 condlts of broken and craggy rocks, terminating in 
 acute points, and irregularly piled on each other. Not- 
 withftanding ti e dreary afpcd of this part of the ifland, 
 it contains many villages, and is far more populous than 
 the verdant mountains of Apoona. Nor is it difficult 
 to account for this circumftancc. Thefe iflandcrs not 
 being poflTcired of any cattle, have no o.calion for paC- 
 turagc ; and are therefore inclincd.to prefer fuch ground 
 as is either more conveniently fituatcd for filhinp, or 
 beft adapted to the cultivation of plantains and yams. 
 Now amidft thefe ruins, there are many fpots of rich 
 foil, which are with great care laid out in phintations j 
 and the neighbouring fea abounds with excellent filh of 
 various kinds. Off this part of the coail, at lels than a 
 cable's length from the (hore, wc did not Orlke ground 
 with 160 fathoms of line, except in a fmal! bight to the 
 K. of the fouthcrn point, where wc found from 50 to 58 
 fathoms of water, over a fandy bottom. It may be proper 
 to obfcrve, before we proceed to give an account of the 
 welkrn diftridts, that the whole coaft we have dcftribed, 
 from the northern to the fouthern extreme, affords not 
 a (ingle harbour, nor the lead (belter for fliipping. The 
 fouth-wtftern parrs of Akona are in a condition (imilar 
 to that of the adjoining diflridt of Kaoo; but the coun- 
 try further towards the N. has been carefully cultivated, 
 and is cxxccdinnly populous. In this dividon of the 
 illand lies Karakakooa bay, of which we have alresydy 
 given a dcfcription. Scarce any thing is feen along the 
 coaft, but the fragments of black fcqrched rocks ; be- 
 hind which, the ground, for the fpace of about two miles 
 and a half, rifes gradually, and feems to have been once 
 covered with loofc burnt ftoncs. Thefe have been cleared 
 away by the inhabitants, frequently to the depth of three 
 feet and upwards; and the fertility of the foil has amply 
 repaid their labour. Here they cultivate in a rich alhy 
 mould, the cloth-plant and fweet potatoes. Groves of 
 cocoa-nut-trees are fcattered among the (iclds, which 
 are cnclofed with (lone fences. On the rKing ground 
 beyond thefe, they plant bread-fruit trees, which Hourilh 
 with furpriling luxuriance. The diftriit of Koaarra ex- 
 tends from the molt wefterly point to the northern ex- 
 treme of the idand. The whole coaft between them 
 forms a fpacious bay, which is called by the natives 
 Toe^ah-yah, and is bounded to the northward by two 
 conlpicuous hills. Towards the bottom of this bay, there 
 is foul, corally jjround, that extends to the diftance of 
 upwards of a mile from the ftiore, without which there 
 is gooil anchorage. The country, as far as the eye could 
 diiccrn, appeared to be fruitful and populous; but no 
 frefti water was to be found. The foil feemed to be of 
 the fame kind with that of the dillridt of Kaoo. 
 
 Having thus defcribed the coafts of the ifland of O- 
 whyhee, and the adjacent country, we (lull now relate 
 fome particulars refpcdling the interior parts, from the 
 information wc obtained from a party, who fet out on 
 the 26th of January, on an expeaition up the country, 
 principally with an intention of reaching the fnowy 
 mountains. Having previoufty procured two of the 
 iftanders to fcrve them as guides, they quitted the vil- 
 lage about four o'clock in the afternoon. Their courfc 
 was eaftcrly, inclining a little to the fouth. Within 
 three or four miles from the bay, they found the country 
 as already defcribed ; but the hills afterwards rofc with a 
 Icfs gradual afccnt, which brought them to fome exten- 
 (tve plantations, confifting of the taro or eddy root, and 
 fweet potatoes, with plants of the cloth-tree. Both the 
 raro and the fweet potatoes arc hert planted at the dif- 
 tance of four feet from each other. The potatoes arc 
 earthed up almott to the top •f the ftalk, with a pro-' I 
 
 I per quantity of light mould. The taro is left bare to the 
 root, and the mould round it is put in tlic fonn of a ba- 
 fon, for the jnirpofe of holding the rain-water; this root 
 requiring a certain degrfcofmoifturc. At the Friendly 
 and Society Ides, the taro was conft.mtiy planted in low 
 •and moift (ituations, and generally in thotc pi. ices where 
 there was the convcnicn(y ot a rivulet to HootI it. This 
 mode of culture was conlidcrcd as abfolutely necelTaryj 
 but we now found that this root, with the precaution be- 
 fore-mentioned, fujcccds equally well in a inoredry (i- 
 tuation. It was, indeed remarked by all of us, that the 
 taro of the Sandwich Illands was the beft we had ever 
 taftcd. The walls, by which thefe plantations are fe- 
 paratcd from each other, are compofcd of the loofe 
 burnt ftones, which are met with in clearing the ground; 
 and, being totally concealed by fugar-canes, that arc 
 phinted clofe on each (ide, form the moft beautiful 
 fences that can be imagined. Our party ftopped for 
 the night at the fecond hut they obfervcd among the 
 plantations, where they fiippofed themfeivcs to be fix 
 or fevcn miles diftant from our ftiip. The profpcdt 
 from this fpot was defcribed by them as very delightful: 
 they had a view ot our vclFels in the bay before them; 
 to the left they favv a continued range cf villages, intcr- 
 fperfed with groves of cocoa-nut-trees, fpreading along 
 thefhorc; a thick wood extending itfelf behind them; 
 and, to the right, a very conlidcrable extent of ground, 
 laid out with great regularity in well-cultivatcd-planta- 
 tions, difplayed itfelf to their view. Near this fpot the 
 natives pointed out to them, at a diftance from every 
 other dwelling, thcrelidcnce of a hermit, who, thcyfaid, 
 had, in the former part of his life, been a great chief and 
 warrior, but had long ago retired from the fea-coaft of 
 the iftand, and now never quitted the environs of his 
 cottage. As they approached him, they prollrated thcm- 
 fclves, and afterwards prefented him with fome pjovi- 
 (ions. His behaviour was eafy, frank, and chcarful. He 
 teftilicd little altoniftiment at ihefightof oui people, and 
 though preffed to accept of fome liuiopcan cunotities, 
 he thought proper to decline the olVer, and foon rmrcd 
 to his cottage. Our party reprefentcd him as by far the 
 moft aged perfon They had ever fecn; judging him to 
 be, at a moderate computation, upwards of a hundred 
 years of age. As they had fuppofed that the moun- 
 tain was not more than ten or a dozen miles diftant 
 from the bay, and confequently expedted to reach it 
 with cafe early the following morning, they were now 
 greatly furprized to find the diftance (carcc perceivably 
 diminillied. This circumftance, with the uninhabited 
 ftatc of the country which they were on the point of en- 
 tering, rendering it nccc(rary to provide a fupply ofpro- 
 vi(ions, they difpat .hed one of their conductors back to 
 the village for that purpofe. Whilft they waited his re- 
 turn, they were joined by fevcral of Kaoo's fcrvarfts, 
 whom that generous old man had fent after them, 
 loaded with refrcftiments, and fully authorized, as their 
 rout lay through his grounds, to demand, and takeaway 
 with them whatever they might want. Our travellers 
 were furprized on finding the cold here fo intenfe. But, 
 as they had no thermometer with them, they could only 
 form their judgment of it from theirfcelings; which, from 
 the warm atmofphere they had quitted, muft have been 
 a very fallacious method of judging. They found it, 
 however, fo cold, that they could (carce get any Hcep, ' 
 and the iflanders could not fteep at all; both parties 
 being difturbed, during the whole nigFt, by continual 
 coughing. As they, at this time, coulcl not be at any 
 very great height, their diftance from the fea being no 
 more than fix or feven miles, and part of the road on a 
 very moderate afccnt, this uncommon degree of cold 
 muft- be attributed to the cafterly wind blowing frefli 
 over the fnowy mountains. Early the next morning, 
 they proceeded on their journey, and filled their cali. 
 balhesat a well of ext .lent water, fituate about half a 
 mile from their hut. After they had pafled the plan- 
 tations, they arrived at a thick wood, which they en- 
 tered by a path that had been made for the convenience 
 of the iflanders, who frequently repair thither for the 
 purpofe of catching birds, as well as procuring the wild 
 /p€ horfe-plantain. Ihcir progrcfs now became ex- 
 tremely 
 
 11 
 
6oo 
 
 Capt. 
 
 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 ,»"'■ ^ 
 
 tremcly How, and was attended with great labour ■, for 
 the ground was cither fwampy, or covered with large 
 Rones; the path narrow, and often interrupted by trees 
 lying acrofs it, which they were obliged to climb over, 
 as the thicknefs of the underwood, on each fide, ren- 
 dered it impradicablc to pafs round them. They faw, 
 in thefc woods, pieces of white cloth fixed on poles, at 
 fmall diltanccs, which they imagined were land imrks 
 for the divilion of property, as they only obferved tncm 
 where the wild plantains grew. The trees were of the 
 fame kind with the fpice tree of New Holland; they 
 were ftraight and lofty, and their circumference was 
 from two to four feet. Having advanced nine or ten 
 miles in the m cod, they had the mortification of finding 
 thcinfclvcs, fuddcniy, within light of the fea, and not 
 very far from it; the path having turned off imper- 
 ceptibly to the S. and carried them to the right of the 
 mountain, which it was their intention to reach. Their 
 dilappointmcni was conliderably heightened by the un- 
 certainty under which they now were with rcfped to its 
 true bearings, as they could nor at prcfcnt gain a view 
 of it from the top of the higheft trees. They, there- 
 fore, thought proper to walk back fix or fcvcn miles to 
 an unoccupied hut, where they had left two of their 
 own people, and three of the natives, w ith the fmall 
 remnant of their provifions. Here they palTed the fe- 
 cond night, during which the air was fo extremely 
 fharp, that, by the morning, their guides were all gone 
 off, except one. 
 
 Being at this time in want of provifions, which laid 
 them under a ncctffity of returning to fomc of the cul- 
 tivated parts of the idand, they left the wood by the 
 fame path by which they had entered it. When they 
 arrived at the plantations, they were furroundcd by the 
 illandens, from w hom they purchafed a frefli fupply of 
 necclfaries; and prevailed upon two of them to accom- 
 pany them as guides, in the room of thofe who had 
 gone away. Having procured the bcft information 
 they could poflibly obtam with regard to the diretflion 
 of their road, the party, who were now nine in num- 
 ber, marched for about half a dozen miles along the 
 (kirtt of the wood, and then entered it again by a path 
 leading towards the £. They paffed, for the fird three 
 miles, through a foreftof lofty fpice-trecs, which grew 
 on a rich loam. At the back of thefe trees they met 
 with an equal extent of low (brubby trees, together 
 with a confiderable quantity of thick under-wood, upon 
 a bottom of loofe burnt ftoncs. This led them to 
 another foreft of fpicc-trees, and the fame rich brownilh 
 foil, which was again fucccedcd by a barren rid^e of 
 a (imilar kind with the former. Thefc ri'dgcs, as tar as 
 they could be feen, appeared to rim parallel with the 
 lea fhore, and to have Mouna Roa for their centre. 
 In pafling through the woods they found many unfi- 
 niflied canoes, and huts in feveral places; but they faw 
 none of the inhabitants. After they had penetrated 
 almod three miles into the fccond wood, they arrived 
 at two huts, where they (topped, being greatly fatigued 
 with the day's journey, in thecourfe of which they had 
 walked, according to their own computation, at leait 
 twenty miles. Having found no fprings from the time 
 they quitted the plantations, they had greatly fuffered 
 from the violence of their thirft ; in confcqucnce of 
 which they were obliged, before the evening came on, 
 to feparate into fmall parties, and go in queit of water. 
 They, at bff, met with fome that had been left by rain 
 in the bottom of a half-fiai(hed canoe; which, though 
 nf a reddiHi colour, was no means unwelcome to them. 
 Throughout the night, the cold was more intenfe than 
 before; and though they had taken care to wrap them- 
 fclvcs up in mats and clothes of the country, and to 
 keep a large fire between the two huts, they could get 
 but very little fleep, and were under the neceffity of 
 walking about for the greateft part of the night. Their 
 elevation was now, in all probability, pretty confider- 
 able, as the ground, over which their journey lay, had 
 been generally on the afcent. On the next morning, 
 which was the 19th, they fet out early, with an intention 
 of making their lad and greatcft effort to reach the 
 firawy iiiounutRi but their fpirits were confidtrably de- , 
 
 prefled, on finding that the mifcrabic pittance of wa- 
 ter, which they had difcovercd the preceding night, 
 was expended. The path, which reached no farther 
 than where canoes had been built, being now termir 
 nated, they were obliged to make their way as well a* 
 they could ; frequently climbing up into the moft lofty 
 trees, to explore the furrounding country. They ar- 
 rived, about eleven o'clock, at a ridge of burnt ftones, 
 from the top of which they had a profpe»ft of the 
 Mouna Roa, which then appeared to be at the diftance 
 of between twelve and fourteen miles from them. 
 They now entered into a confultation, whether they 
 Ihouid proceed any further, or reft contented with the 
 view before them of the fnowy mountain. Since the 
 path had ceafed, their road haa become highly fatigu- 
 ing, and was growing ftill more fo, every (fep they ad- 
 vanced. The ground was almoft every where broken 
 into deep iiffures, which, being (lightly covered with 
 mofs, made them (lumble almoft continually ; and the 
 intervening fpace con(ifted of a furface of loofe burnt 
 ftones, which broke under their feet. Into (bmc of 
 thefc lilfures they threw ftones, which fecmed from the 
 noifc they made, 10 fall toa conlidcrabledcpth; and the 
 ground founded hollow as they walked upon it. Bc- 
 lides thefe circumftances, which difcouragrd them 
 from proceeding, they found their condu<ifors fo averfc 
 to going on, that they had reafon to think they would 
 not be prevailed on to remain out another night. 
 They, therefore, at length came to a determination of 
 returning to the (hips, after taking a furvey of the 
 country from the highcft trees they could find. From 
 this elevation, they perceived thcmfelvcs furroundcd 
 with wood towards the fea; they were unable to diftin- 
 guifh, in the horizon, thcfky from the water; and be- 
 twixt them and the fnowy mountain, was a valley 
 of about eight miles in breadth. They pafTed this 
 night at a hut in the fecond foreft; and the following 
 day, before noon, they had paffed the (irft wood, and 
 found themfelvcs nine or ten miles to the N. E. of the 
 (hips, towards which they marched through the plan- 
 tations. As they*Walked along, they did not obferve a 
 fpotof ground, that was fufccptible of improvement 
 left unplnnted ; and, indeed, the country, from their ac- 
 count, could fcarcely be cultivated to greater advantage 
 for the purpofes of the natives. They were furpriled 
 at feeing feveral (icldsof hay; and, upon their enquiry, 
 to what particular ufe it was applied, they were in- 
 formed, that it was intended to cover the grounds 
 where the young taro grew, in order to prefervc them 
 from being fcorched by the rays of the fun. They ob- 
 ferved, among the plantations, a few huts fcattcred 
 about, which afforded occalional (belter to the la- 
 bourers : but they did not fee any vilhges at a greater 
 diftance from the fea than four or five miles. Near 
 one of them, which was fituatcd about four miles 
 from the bay, they difcovered a cave, forty fathoms in 
 length, three in breadth, and of the fame height. It 
 was open at each end; its (ides were fluted, as if 
 wrought with a chilTel ; and the furface was glazed over, 
 perhaps by the aSion of fire. Having thus related 
 the principal circumftances that occurred in the ex- 
 pedition to the fnowy mountain at Owhyhee, wc 
 ftiall now proceed to defcribc the other iflands of this 
 groupe. 
 
 That which is next in fize, and neareft in fituation 
 to Owhyhee, is Mowee. It ftands at the diftance of 
 eight leagues N. N. W. from Owhyhee, and is 140 
 geographical miles in circuit. It is divided by a low 
 ifthmus into tw» circular jpeninfulas, of which that to 
 the eaftward is named Whamadooa, and is twice as 
 large as that to the W. called Owhyrookoo, The moun- 
 tains in both rife to a very great height, as we were 
 able to fee them at the diftance of about 30 leagues. 
 The northern Piores, like thofe of theifle of Owhyhee, 
 afford no foundings; and the country bears the fame 
 afpeft of fertility and verdure. The E. point of Mo- 
 wee is in the latitude of ao deg. 50 min. N. and in 
 the longitude of 204 deg. 4 min. E. To the fouth- 
 ward, between Mowee and the adjacent iflands, we 
 fouQd regular depths with i jo fathoms, over a bottom 
 
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COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 601 
 
 of land. From the weftern point, which is rather low, 
 . runs a Ihoal, extending towards the ifland of Ranai, to a 
 confiderablc diftancei and to the S. of this, is an cx- 
 tenfivc bay, with a fandy beach, fliaded with cocoa- 
 trees. It is not improbable, that good anchorage mipht 
 be met with here, with (hrlter from the prevailing 
 winds : and that the beach atVords a commodious land- 
 ing-place. The country further back is very romantic 
 in its appearance. The hills rife almofi perpendicu- 
 larly, exhibiting a variety of peaked forms; and their 
 fteep fides, as well as the deep chafms between them, 
 arc covered with trees, among which thofe of the bread- 
 fruit principally abound. The fummits of thefc hills 
 arc perfedly bare, and of a reddifli brown hue. The 
 natives informed us, that there was a harbour to the S. 
 of the eaftcrn point, which they alTerted was fuperior 
 to that of Karakakooa ; and we alfo heard that there 
 was another harbour, named Kcepookeepoo, on the 
 norih-weftern fide. 
 
 Ranai is about nine miles 'diftant from Mowce and 
 Morotoi, and is fituatc to the S. W. of the palTligc be- 
 tween thofe two ides. The country, towards the S. is 
 elevated and craggy; but the other parts of the illand 
 had a better appearance, and feemed to be well inha- 
 bited. It abounds in roots, fuch as fwcet potatoes, 
 . taro, and yams; but produces very few. plantains, and 
 bread-fruit trees. The S. point ot Ranai is in the la- 
 titude of 20 deg. 46 min. N. and in the longitude of 
 20J deg. 8 min. E. 
 
 Morotoi lies at the diftance of two leagues and a 
 half to the W. N. W. of Mowee. Its fouth-wcftcrn 
 ■ coaft, which was the only part of it we approached, is 
 very low ; but the land behind rifes to a confidcrahle 
 elevation; and, at the didance from which we had a 
 view of it, appeared to be deftitute of wood. Yams 
 are its principal produce; and it may probably contain 
 frefli water. Thrcoaft, on the fouthcrn and wcllirn 
 fides or theifland, forms icveral bays, that protnire a 
 tolerable (helter from the trade winds. The W. point 
 of Morotoi is in the longitude of 202 deg. 46 min. E. 
 and in the latitude of 21 deg. lomin. N. 
 
 Tahoorowa is a fmall ifland fituated off the fouth- 
 weflern part of Mowee, from which it is nine miles dif- 
 tant. It is deflitutc of wood, and its foil fecms to be 
 landy and unfertile. Irs latitude is 20 deg. 38 min. N. 
 and its longitude 203 deg. 27 min. E. Between it and 
 Mowee fiands the little ifland of Morrotinnce, which 
 has no inhabitants. 
 
 Woahoo lies about fcven leagues, to the N. W. of 
 Morotoi. As far as We were enabled to judge, from 
 the appearance of the north-wefiern and north-eaftcrn 
 parts (for wc had not an opportunity of feeing the 
 Ibuthern fide) it is by far the fined of all the Sandwich 
 Iflands. The verdure of the hills, the variety of wood 
 and lawn, and fertile well cultivated valleys, which the 
 whole face of the country prefented to view, could not 
 be exceeded. Having already defcribed the bay in 
 which we anchored, formed by the northern and wef- 
 tern extremes, it remains for us to obferve, that, in the 
 bight of the bay, to the fouthward of our anchoring- 
 place, we met with foul rocky ground, about two miles 
 from the fliorc. If the ground tackling of a (hip fiiould 
 happen to be weak, and thewind blow with violence from 
 the N. to which quarter the road is entirely open, this 
 circumftancc might be attended with fomc degree of 
 danger: but,provided the cables were good, there would 
 be no great hazard, as the ground from the anchoring- 
 placc, which is oppofite the Valley through which the 
 river runs, to the northern point, confilts of a fine fand. 
 The latitude of our anchonng-placq is 21 deg. 43 min. 
 ti. and the longitude 202 dec. 9 min. E. 
 
 The diftridl of Atooi is aBout 25 leagues to the N. 
 W. of Woahoo. Towards the N. E. and N. W. the 
 face of the country is ragged and broken; but, to the 
 fouthward, it is more even j the hills rife from the fea- 
 fidc with a gentle acclivity, and. at a little diftancc 
 Sack, are covered with wood. Its produce is the fame 
 with that of the other iflandt of this clufter; but its 
 Inhabitants greatly excel the people of all the neigh- 
 bouring ifiands in the management of their plantations. 
 
 No. 7j. 
 
 In the low grounds, contiguous to the bay wherein we 
 anchored, thefc plantations were regularly divided by 
 deep ditches ; the fences were formed with a neatnefs 
 approaching to elegance, and the roads through them 
 were finiflicd in fuch a manner, as would Tiave rclleik-d 
 credit even on an European engineer. The longitude 
 of Wymoa Bay, in this ifland, is 200 deg. 20 min. E. 
 and its latitude 21 deg. 57 min. N. 
 
 Oneeheow is five or fix leagues to the wcftward of 
 Atooi. Its eaftcrn coaft is high, and rifes with .nbrupt- 
 ncfs from the fea; but the other parts of the illanJ 
 cbnfift of low ground, except a round blulfhead on the 
 fouth-eallern point. It produces plenty of yams, and 
 of the fwcet root called tee. The anchor! ng-placc at 
 this ifland lies in the latitude of 21 deg. 50 min. N. and 
 in the longitude of 199 deg. 45 min. E. 
 
 Orcchoua and Tanoora are two little iflands, fitu.itc 
 in the neighbourhood of Oneeheow. The former is 
 an elevated hummock, conne>i>ed with the . "thern 
 extreme of Oneeheow, by a reef of coral rocks. Its 
 latitude i.s 22 deg. 2 min. N. and its longitude 199 deg. 
 52 min. E. The latter flands to the .S. E. and is un- 
 inhabited: its longitude is 199 di-g. 36 min. E. and its 
 latitude 21 deg. 43 min. N. 
 
 The climate of the Sandwich Ifles is, perhaps, rather 
 more temperate than that of the Well India iflands, 
 which are in the fame latitude; but the diftercncc i:i 
 very intonliderablc. The thermometer, on fliore near 
 Karakakooa Bay, never rofe to a greater height than 88 
 deg. and that but one day : its mean height, at. twelve 
 o'clock, was 83 deg. Its mean height at noon, in Wy- 
 moa B.IV, was 76 deg. and, when out at fca, 75 deg. 
 In "he ifland of Jamaica, the mean height of the ther- 
 mometer, at twelve o'clock, is about 86 deg. at fea, 80 
 deg. Whether thefe iflands are fubjert to the fame 
 violent winds and hurricanes with the Weft Indies, we 
 could not afcertain, as we were not here during any of 
 the tempeftuous months. Hewevcr, as no veftiges of 
 their eticdts weie any where to be fee n, and as the 
 lilandcrs gave us nopofitivc teftimony of the fadl, it is 
 probable, that, in this particular, they refemblc the 
 Friendly and Society Ifles, which are, in a great degree, 
 free from fuch tremendous vifitations. 'Ihere was a 
 greater quantity of rain, particularly in the interior 
 parts, during the four winter months that we continued 
 among thefe iflanders, than commonly falls in the 
 Weft Indies in the dry feafon. We generally obfervcd 
 clouds colledting round the fummits of the hills, and 
 producing rain to leeward ; but after the wind has fc- 
 parated them from the land, they difpcrfe, and are loft, 
 and others fupply their place. This occurred daily at 
 Owhyhec; the mountainous parts being ufually enve- 
 loped in a cloud ; ftiowers fuccellively falling in the in. 
 land country ; with a clear fky, and fine weather, in the 
 neighbourhood of the fliore. The winds were, for the 
 moftpart, from E. S. E. to N.E. In the harbour of 
 Karakakooa we had every day and night a fea and land 
 breeze. The currents fometimes fet to windward, and 
 at other times to leeward, without the leaft regularity. 
 They did not feem to be direded by the winds, nor by 
 any other caufe that we can aflign: they often fet to 
 windward againft a frefli breeze. The tides are ex- 
 ceedingly regular, ebbing and flowing fix hours each. 
 The flood-tide comes from the E. and, at the full and 
 change of the moon, it is high-water at three quarters 
 of an hour after three o'clock. Their grcateft rife is 
 two feet fcven inches. 
 
 The quadrupeds of thefe iflands, are confined to 
 three fons, namely, hogs, dogs, and rats. The dogs arc 
 of the fame fpecies with thofe we faw at Otaheite, 
 having pricked ears, long backs, and ftiort crooked legs. 
 We did not obferve any variety in them, except in their 
 (kins : fome being perfedtly fmooth, and others having 
 long rough hair. "They are about as large as a common 
 turnfpir, and feem to be extremely fluggilh in their na- 
 ture t though this may, probably, be more owing to the 
 manner in which they are treatra, than to their natural 
 difpofition. They are generally fed with the hogs, and 
 left to herd with thofe animals; and we do not recoiled 
 a fingle inflance of a dog being made a companion here, 
 7 N • as 
 
 ii'l 
 
 * 5 
 
602 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMl^LETE. 
 
 
 . .1 
 Vii 
 
 11 ■■ 
 
 l»h 
 
 Bsisthe cudom in Europe. Indeed, the pradlice of 
 eating thcnfi fcems to be an infupcrable bar to their be- 
 ing admitted into focicty i and a« there are no bcafts of 
 prey, nor objcds of chacc, in thcfe iflands, the focial 
 qualities of the dog, its attachment, fidelity, and faga- 
 city, will, in all probability, remain unknown to the na- 
 tives. In our obfervations it did not appear that the 
 dogs in the Sandwich Iflands were near (o numerous, 
 in proportion, as at Otaheite. But, on the other hand, 
 they hsve a much greater plenty of hogs, and the breed 
 IS of a larger kind. We procured from them an 
 amazing fupply of provifions of this fort. We were 
 upwards of three months, either cruifing off the coaft, 
 or in harbour at Owhyhecs during all which time the 
 crews of boih fliips had conftantly a large allowance 
 of frcfli pork,infon)uch that ourconfumption of thatar- 
 t icle was computed at about 60 puncheons of 500 weight 
 each. Bcfides this quantity, and the extraordinary 
 wafte, which, amidft fuch abundance,could not be en- 
 tirely prevented, 60 more puncheons were faked for fea 
 ftorc. The greater part of this fupply was drawn ftom 
 the ifle of Owhvhee alone; and yet we did not perceive 
 that it was at all exhaufled, or even that the plenty had 
 dccrcafed. The birds of thefe iflands are numerous, 
 though the variety is not great. Some of them may 
 vie with thofe of any country in point of beauty. 
 There arc four fpecics that feem to belong to the tro- 
 chili, or honey-fuckers of Linnaeus. One of them is 
 fomewhat larger than a bullfinch; its colour is a glofTy 
 black, and the thighs and rump-Vent are of a deep yel- 
 low. The natives call it hoohoo. Another is of a 
 very bright fcarlct ; its wings are bl.uk, with a white 
 edge, and its tail is black. It is named eeeeve by the 
 inhabitants. The third is variegated with brown, yel- 
 low, and red, and feems to be either a young bird, or a 
 variety of the prccedmg. The fourth is entirely green, 
 with a yellow tinge, and is called akaiearooa. There 
 is alfo a fmall bird of the fiy-catcher kind; a fpecies of 
 thrufi, with a greyifli bread; and a rail, wir' very 
 (hort wings, and no tail. Ravens are met v here, 
 but they are extremely fcarce ; they are of a dark brown 
 colour, inclining to black, and their note is different 
 from that of the European raven. We found two 
 fmall birds, that were very common, and both of which 
 were of one genus. One of thefe was red, and *as 
 ufually obferved about the cocoa-trees, from whence it 
 fccmed to derive a confideraole part of its fubfifttnce. 
 3"he other was of a green colour. Both had long 
 tongues, which were ciliated, or fringed at the tip. A 
 bird with a yellow head was likewife very common 
 here: from the ftrudure of its beak, our people called 
 it a parroquet: it, however, does not belong to that 
 tribe, but bears a great refemblance to the lexia flavicans, 
 or yellowifli crofs-bill of Linnaeus. Here are alfo owls, 
 curlews, petrels, andgannets; plovers of two fpecies, 
 one nearly the fame, as our whillling plover; a large 
 white pigeon; the common water-hen; and a long- 
 tailed bird, which is of a black colour, and the vent 
 and feathers under the wings yellow. 
 
 The vegetable produce of the Sandwich Ifles is not 
 very different from that of the other iflands of the Pa- 
 cific Ocean. We have already obferved, that the taro 
 root, as here cultivated, was fuperior to any we had be- 
 fore tailed. The bread-fruit trees thrive here, not in- 
 deed in fuch abundance as at Otaheite, but they pro- 
 duce twice as much fruit as they do on the rich plains 
 of that ifland. The trees arc nearly of the fame height ; 
 but the branches fhoot out from the trunk confiderably 
 lower, and with greater luxuriance of vegetation. 1 he 
 fugar-cancs of thiefe iflands grow to an extraordinary 
 fizc. One of them was brought to us at Atooi, whofe 
 circumference was eleven incnes and a quarter; and it 
 had fourteen feet eatable. At Onechcow we faw fomc 
 large brown roots, from fix to ten pounds in weight, re- 
 fcmbling a yam in (hapc. The juice, of which they 
 yield a great quantity, is very fwect, and is an excellent 
 fucccdaneum for fugar. The nativt;s arc exceedingly 
 fond of it, and make ufe of it as an article of their 
 common diet; and our people likewife found it very 
 palatable and wholefomc. Not being able to procure 
 
 the leave* of this vegetable, we could not afcertain to 
 what fpecies of plant it belonged ; but we fuppofcd it 
 to be the root of fome kind of fern. 
 
 The natives of the Sandwich Ifles arc doubtlefs of 
 the fame cxtraftion with the inhabitants of the Friendly 
 and Society Iflands, of New Zealand, the Marquefas, 
 and Eaftcr Ifland; a race which polfeffes all the Known 
 lands between the longitudes of 167 deg. and 260 dcg. 
 E. and between the latitudes of 47 deg, S, and 22 dcg. 
 N, This fad, extraordinary at it is, is not only evinced 
 by the general refemblance of their pcrfons, and the 
 great fimilarity of their manners and cufloms, but ftc-ms 
 to be eftabliflied, beyond all controvcrfy, by the identity 
 of their latiguage. It may not, perhaps, be very diHi- 
 cult to conjedure, from what continent they originally 
 emigrated, and by what fteps they have dillufcd them'- 
 felvcs over fo immenfe a fpace. They bear flrong 
 marks of aflinity to fomc of the J.idian tribes, which 
 inhabit the Ladrones and Caroline Ifles ; and the fame 
 affinity and refemblance, may alfo be traced among the 
 Malays and the Battas. At what particular time thefe 
 migrations happened is lefs eafy to afcertain; the pe- 
 riod, in all probability, was not very late, as they are 
 very populous, and have no tradition refpccting their 
 own origin, but what is wholly fabulous; though, on 
 the other hand, the fimplicity which is ftill prevalent in 
 their mantiers and habits of life, and the unadulterated 
 ftateoftheir general language, feem todemonftratc.that 
 it could not have been at any very remote period. The 
 natives of the Sandwich Iflands, in general, exceed the 
 middle fize, and are well made. They walk in a very 
 graceful manner, run with confiderable agility, and arc 
 capable of enduring a great degree of fatigue: but, 
 upon the whole, the men are inferior with rc'pcil to 
 activity and ftrength, to the inhabitants of the I'ricndly 
 Iflands, and the women are lefs delicate in the forma- 
 tion of their limbs than the Otaheitean females. Their 
 complexion is fomewhat darker than that of the Ota- 
 hciteans; and they are not altogether fo handfoine in 
 their perfons as the natives of the Society Iflcs. Many 
 of both fexes, however, had fine open countenances; 
 and the women, in particular, had white well-fet teeth, 
 good eyes, and an engaging fweetnefs and fenfibility of 
 look. The hair of thele people is of a brownifti black, 
 neither uniformly curling, like that of the African Ne- 
 groes, nor uniformly ftraight, as among the Indians of 
 America; but varying, in this refpedV, like the hairof Eu- 
 ropeans. There is one ftriki.ig peculiarity in the features 
 of every part of this great nation; which is, that, even 
 in the mofl: handfome faces, there is always obfcrvable, 
 a fulnefs of the nortril, without any flatnefs or fpread- 
 ingof the nofe, that diftmguiflies them from the inha- 
 bitants of Europe. It is not wholly improbable, that 
 this maybe the effed of their cuftomary method offalu- 
 tation, which is performed by prefllng together the ex- 
 tremities of their nofes. The fame fupcriority that we 
 fenerally obferved at other iflands in the perfons of the 
 irees, is likewife found here. Thofe that were feen 
 by us were pcrfedly well formed ; w hereas the lower 
 clafs of people, bcfides their general inferiority, arc fub- 
 jed to all the variety of figure and make, that is met 
 with in the populace of other parts of the world. But 
 we met with more frequent inftances of deformity here, 
 than in any of the other iflands we vifited. While we 
 were cmifing off Owhyhcc, two dwarfs came on board ; . 
 one of whom was an old man, of the height of four 
 feet two inches, but very well proportioned ; and the 
 other was a woman, nearly of the fame ftoture. We 
 afterwards faW, among the natives, three who were 
 hump-backed, and a young man who had been defti- 
 tute of hands and feet, from the very moment of his 
 birth. Squinting is alfo common among them ; and 4 
 man, who, they told us, had been born blind, was 
 brought to us for the purpofe of being cured. Bcfides 
 thefe particular dcfeds, they arc, in general, extremely 
 fubjed to boils and ulcers, which fome of us afcribcd 
 to the great quantity of fait they ufually cat with their 
 filh and flcfli. Though the Erces are free from thefe 
 complaints, many of them expcrl .ce ftill more dread- 
 ful efieas from the too frequent ufe of the ava. Thofe 
 
 who 
 
COOK'S THIRD anJ LAST VoVA(;F.— 'i\> the I'ACIl IC OCIIAN, ficc. 
 
 60,? 
 
 Svho were the mofV affet'lcil by it, had their eyes rcil and 
 intlamed, their limbj emaciated, thtir bodies covered 
 with a .vhitifli fcurf, and their wnolc frame tremhlin(j; 
 and par.dytic, attended with a dilability of railing their 
 heads. 
 
 'I'hoiiph it does not appear that this drug univerfally 
 (hortcns life, (for Tcrrccoboo, Kaoo, and fcvcral other 
 chiets, were far advanced in years) yet it invariably 
 brini's on aprentaturc and di-trcpid old age. It is a 
 foniinato rircumllance for the people, that the ufeofit 
 is made a peculiar privilege of the chiefs. 'I'he young 
 fon of Terrccoboo, who did not exceed 12 or 13 years 
 of age, frequently boafVed of his being admitted to drink 
 ava; and lliewcd us, with marks of exultation, a fmall 
 fpot in his fide that was beginning to grow fcaly. When 
 (-aptain Cook firll vilited the Society Ifles, this perni- 
 cious drug was very little known among them. In his 
 fecond voyage, he found it greatly in vogue at Ulictea ; 
 but it had Hill gained little ground at Otaheite, During 
 the lall time we wcr: there, the havock it had made 
 was nltnoft: incredible, infoinuch that Captain Cook 
 fcarce recognized many of his former acquaintances. It 
 is alfo conlbntly drank by the chiefs of the Friendly 
 llles, but (o much diluted with water, that it fcarceiy 
 produces any bad confequenccs. At Atooi, likewife, 
 It is ufcd with great moderation; and the chiefs of that 
 ifland are, on this account, a much finer fet of men, 
 than thofe of the neighbouring iflands, It was remarked 
 by us, that, upon diicontinuing the ufe of this root, its 
 noxious etjcifts quickly wore olF. We prevailed upon 
 our friends Kaon and Kaircekeca, to abfiain from it; 
 and they recovered furprifingly during the Ihort time 
 we after\ ards remained among them. 
 
 It may be thought, that to form any probable con- 
 jedlures with, regard to the population ot ifiands, with 
 many parts of which we have but an imperfeit acquain- 
 tance, to be a talk highly difficult. There are two cir- 
 cumfianccs, however, which remove much of this ob- 
 jeftion. One is, that the interior parts of the country 
 are almoft entirely uninhabited : if, therefore, the num- 
 ber of thofe who inhabit the parts adjoining to the 
 coaft, beafcertaincd, the whole will be determined with 
 feme degree of accuracy. The other circumftance is, 
 that there arc no towns of any confidcrable extent, the 
 houfesof the iflanders being pretty equally fcattered in 
 fmall villages round all their coafis. On thefc grounds 
 we ihall venture at a rough calculation of the number 
 of perfons in this duller of idands. 
 
 Karakakooa bay, in Owhyhee, is about three miles 
 in extent, and comprehends four villages of abou' 80 
 houfes each, upon an average, in all 320; befidcs r my 
 ftraggling habitations, which may make the w' '.e a- 
 mount to 350. If we allow fix people to e? .1 houfe, 
 the country about the hay will then contain 2,100 per- 
 fons. To thefe we may add 50 families, or 300 fouls, 
 which we imagine to be nearly the number employed 
 among the plantations in the interior parts of the 
 illand; making. In all, 2,400. If this number be ap- 
 plied to the whole coaft round the ifland, a quarter be- 
 ing deducted for the uninhabited parts, it will be found 
 to contain 150,000 perfons. The other Sandwich 
 Iflands, by the fanic method of calculation, will appear 
 to contain the following number of inhabitants : Mowec, 
 65,400; .\tooi, 54,ooo; Morotoi, 36,000; Woahoo, 
 60,200 ; Rami, 20,400; Onecheou, 10,000; and Oree- 
 houa, 4,000. Thefc numbers, including the 150,000 
 in Owhyhee, will amount to 400,000. In this compu- 
 tation we have by no means exceeded the truth in the 
 total amount. 
 
 We muft confcfs, notwithflanding the great lofs we 
 fuftaincdfrom'thefuddenrefcntmcnt and violence of thcfe 
 iflanders, that they arc of a very mild and afTcdionate dif- 
 pofition, equally remoteVrom the diflant gravity and re- 
 Ibrvcof the natives of the Friendly Illcs.and the extreme 
 volatility of the Otiiheiteans. They fccm to live in the 
 grcattrt friendlhip and harmony with each other. Thofe 
 women who had children, Ihcwed a remarkable affec- 
 tion for them, and paid them a particular and conftant 
 attention ; and the men, with a wiilingnefs that did ho- 
 nsur to their feelings, frequently afforded their afliftancc 
 
 in thofe domefiic em|)loymcnts. We murt, however, re- 
 mark, that they are greatly inferior to the inhabitants 
 of the other iflands, in that bcfl criterion of civilized 
 manners, the rcfptft paid to the female fcx. Here the 
 women arc not only deprived of the privilege of eating 
 with the men, but are forbidden to feed on the bell forts 
 of provilions. Turtle, pork, fevcral kinds of lilh, and 
 fume fpecies of plantains, are denied them; and we 
 were informed, that a girl received a violcnr beating, 
 (or having eaten, while (he was on board one of our iliipst 
 a prohibited article of food. With regard to their do- 
 meftic life, they fcem to live almoll u holly by them- 
 fclvcs, and meet with little attention from the men, 
 though no inllances of perlbnal ill-treatment wore ob- 
 fcrved by us. We have already h id occalion to men- 
 tion the great kindnefs and hofpitality, with which they 
 treated us. Whenever we went allioic, there was a con- 
 tinual ftrugglc who fliould be moft forward in olForing 
 little prefents for our acceptance, bringing provilions 
 and rcfrefliments, or tellifying tome other m.irk of re- 
 fped. The aged perfons conllanily received us with 
 tears of joy, appeared to be highly gratified with being 
 permitted to touch us, and were frequently drawing 
 comparifohs between us and themfelves, with marks of 
 extreme humility. The young women, likewife, were 
 exceedingly kind and engaging, and attached them- 
 felves to us, without referve, till they perceived, not- 
 withftanding all our endeavours to prevent it, that they 
 had caufe to repent ofour acquaintance. "It mull, how- 
 ever, be obferved, that thefe females were, in ali proba- 
 bility, of the inferior clafs; for we faw very few women 
 of rank during our continuance here. Thefc people, 
 in point of natural capacity, are, by no means, below 
 the common Aandard of the human race. The excel- 
 lence of their manufadures, and their improvements 
 in agriculture, are doubtlefs adequate to their fituation 
 and natural advantages. The eagcrnefs of curiofity, 
 with which they ufcd to attend the armourer's forge, 
 and the various expedients which they had invented, 
 even before our departure from thefe iflands, for work- 
 ing the iron obtained from us, into fuch forms as were 
 beii calculated for their purpofes, were ftrong indica- 
 tions of docility and ingenuity. Our unhappy friend, 
 Kaneena, was endowed with a remarkable quicknefs of 
 conception, and a great degree of judicious curiofity. 
 He was extremely inquifitive with refpcft to our man- 
 ners and cuftoms. He enquired after our fovereign ; 
 the form of our government; the-modeof conflruding 
 our fliips; the produdlions of our country; our num- 
 bers; our method of building houfcs; whether we waged 
 any wars ; with whom, on what occaCons, and in wnat 
 particular manner they were carried on; who was our 
 deity; befides many other qucflions of a fimilar import, 
 which feemed to indicate a comprehcnfive underftand- 
 ing. We obferved two inllances of perfons difordcred 
 in their fenfes; the one a woman at Onctheow, the other 
 a man at Owhyhee. From the extraordinary rcfpeiS and 
 attention paid to them, it appeared, that the opinion of 
 their being divinely infpired, which prevails among 
 mod of the oriental nations, h alfo countenanced 
 here. 
 
 We arc inclined to think, that the praiflice of feed- 
 ing on the bodies of enemies, was originally prevalent 
 in all the iflands of the Pacific Ocean, though it is not 
 known, by pofitive and decifive evidence, to exifl in 
 any of them, except New-Zealand. The olTcring up 
 human vidims, which is manifeftly a relique of this 
 barbarous cuftom, ftill univerfally obtains among thefc 
 iflanders; and it is not difHcult to conceive why the in- 
 habitants of New-Zealand lliould retain the rcpaft, 
 which was, perhaps, the concluding part of thefe hor- 
 rid rites, for a longer period than the reft of their tribe, 
 who were fituated in more fertile regions. As the Sand- 
 wich iflanders, both in their perfons and difpolition, 
 bear a nearer rcfemblancc to the New-Zealanders, than 
 to any other people of this very cxtenfive race, Mf. 
 Andcrfon was ftrongly inclined to fufped, that, like 
 them, they arc ftill cannibals. The evidence, which 
 induced him to entertain this opinion, has been al- 
 ready laid down? but, as Mr. King had great doubts of 
 
 the 
 
6o4 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 the juftnefii of hii conclufloni, we fliall mention the 
 grounds on which he ventured to differ from him. 
 With regard to the intelligence rei.eivcd on this head 
 from the natives themrdvei, it may not be improper 
 to obfcrvc, that moft of the ofhcers on board took great 
 pains to enquire into To curious a cirrumltancei and 
 that, except in the inftances above referred to, the 
 iflandcrs invariably denied that any fuch practice ex- 
 iftcd among them. Though Mr. Andcrlon's fiipcrior 
 knowledge of the l.inguage of thofe people, ought cer- 
 tainly to give confiderablc weight to his judgment, yet, 
 when he examined the man who had the little parcel, 
 containing u piece of falted flclh, Mr. King, who was 
 prcfcnt on that occafion, was llrongly of opinion, that 
 the ligns made ufc of by the illandcr intimated nothing 
 rhorc, than that it was dcfigned to be eaten, and that 
 it was very agreeable or wholcfomc lo the ftomach. In 
 this fentiment Mr. King was confirmed, by a circum- 
 ftance of which he was informed, after the deccafe of 
 his ingenious friend Mr. Andcrfon, namely, that moft 
 of the inhabitants of thefc idands carried about with 
 thpm a fm.ill piece of raw pork, well falted, either put 
 in a calibafh, or wrapped up in feme cloth, and falTened 
 round the waift : this they cllecmed. a great delicacy, 
 and would frequently taOe it. With regard to the con- 
 fufion the lad was in, (for his age did not exceed i6 or 
 1 8 years) no perfon could have been furprized at it, who 
 had been witnpl's of the earneft and eager manner in 
 which Mr. Andcrfon interrogated him. Mr. King 
 found it lefs eafy to controvert the argument deduced 
 from the ufc of tlie inUruincnt made with (bark's teeth, 
 which is of a fimilarform with that ufed by the New- 
 Zcalandcrs for cutting up the bodies of their enemies. 
 Though he believed it to be an undoubted fad, that they 
 never m.ike ufeof this inftrumcnt in cutting the flcfti of 
 other animals, yet as the pradtice of facrificing human 
 vidlims, and of burning the bodies of the flain, Itili pre- [ 
 vails here, he confidered it as not altogether improba- 
 ble, that the ufe of this knife (if it may be fo denomi- 
 nated) i: retained in thofe ceremonies. He was, upon 
 the whole, inclined to imagine, and particularly from 
 the laft-mentioned circumftance, that the horrible cuf- 
 tom of devouring human flefli has but lately ccafcd in 
 thefc and other ilfands of the Pacific Ocean. Omiah ac- 
 knowledged, that his countrymen, infligated by the fury 
 of revenge, would fometimes tear with their teeth the 
 flefli of their flain enemies; but he peremptorily denied 
 that they ever eat it. The denial is a (Irong indication 
 that the pradtice has ceafed ; for in New-Zealand, where 
 it is (till prevalent, the natives never fcrupled to con- 
 feft it. X 
 
 The natives of the Sandwich Iflands, almofl univer- 
 ially permit their beards to grow. There were, how- 
 ever, a few who cut off their beard entirely, among 
 whom was the aged king; and others wore it only on 
 their upper-lip. The/ame variety that is found among 
 the other iflandcrs of this ocean, with rcfpeft to the 
 modic of wearing the hair, is likewifc obfervablc here. 
 They have, befides, a falhion which fecms to be pecu- 
 liar to themfelves: they cut it clofe on each fide of their 
 heads, down to their ears, and leave a ridge, of the 
 breadth of a fmall hand, extending from the forehead 
 to the neck; which, when the hair is pretty thick and 
 curling, refemblcs, in point of form, the creft of the hel- 
 met ot an ancient warrior. Some of them wear great 
 Siantities of falfe hair, flowing in long ringlets down 
 eir backs; while others tic it into one round bunch 
 on the upper part of their heads, nearly as large as the I 
 head itfelf; and fome into fix or feven feparate bunches. 
 They ufV, for the purpofe of daubing or fmeciing dieir 
 hair, a greyilh clay, mixed with (heUs reduced to pow- 
 der, which they keep in balls, and chew into a fort of 
 pafle, whenever they intend to make ufe of it. This 
 compofition preferves the fnuMthnefs of the hair, and 
 changes it, in procefs of time, to a pale yellow. Neck- 
 laces, confining of firings of fmall variegated (hells, are 
 won. by both men and women. They alfo wear an or. 
 nament, about two inches in length, and half an inch 
 in breadth, (haped like the handle of a cap, and made 
 uf ftone, wood, or ivory, cxtrcin*ly well polifhed: this 
 i 
 
 is hung round the neck by fine threads of twifted hair, 
 which are fometimes doubled an hundred fold. Some 
 of them, inftead of this ornament, wear a fmall human 
 figure on their breall, formed ot bone, and fufpended 
 in a fimilar manner. Both fcxes make ufe of th fan, 
 or fly-flap, by way of ufe and ornament. The mofl 
 oommon fort is compofed of cocoa-nut fibres, tied 
 loofely in bunches, to the top of a nolilhtd handle. The 
 tail-feathers of the cock, and thofc of the tropicbird, 
 are ufed for the fame purpofe. Thofc that are moft in 
 cltcem, are fuch a> have the handle formed of the leg or 
 arm bones of an enemy killed in battle: thefe are pre- 
 ferved with extraordinary carr, and are handed down, 
 from father to fon, as trophies of the highefl value. The 
 pradtice of tatooing, or punituring the body, prevails 
 among thefe people; and, of all the iflands in this ocean. 
 It IS only at New-Zealand, and the Sandwich Ides, that 
 the lace is tatooed. There is this ditVcrence between 
 thefe two nations, that theNcw-Zcalanders perform this 
 operation in elegant fpiral volutes, and the Sandwich 
 Illandcrs in llrait lines that interfed each other at right 
 angles. Some of the natives have half their body, from 
 head to foot, tatooed, which gives them a moft tlriking 
 appearance. It is generally done with great ncatnefi 
 and regularity. Several of them have only an arm thus 
 marked; others, a leg; fome, again, tatoo both an arm 
 and a leg ; and others only the hand. The hands and 
 arms of the women are pundtured in a very neat man- 
 ner; and they have a remarkable cuftom of tatooing 
 the tip of the tongues of fome of the females. We had 
 fome rcafon to imagine, that the pradtice of pundturing 
 is often intended as a fign of mourning, on the dcceair 
 of a chief, or any other calamitous occurrence: for we 
 were frequently informed, that fuch a mark was in me- 
 mory of fuch a chief; and fo of the others. The peo- 
 ple of the lowcft order are tatooed with a particular 
 mark, which diftinguiflics them as the property of the 
 chiefs to whom they arc refpcdlivcly fubjcd. 
 
 The common drcfs of the men of all ranks confifts, 
 in general, of a piece of thick cloth, called the maro, a- 
 bout a foot in breadth, which pafTes between the legs, 
 and is fattened round the waift. Their mats, which arc 
 of various lizcs, but, for the moft part, about five feet in 
 length, and four in breadth, arc thrown over their fliouU 
 dcrs, and brought forward before. Thefe, however, are 
 rarely made ule of, except in time of war, for which 
 purpofe they appear to be better calculated than for 
 common ufc, fince they are of a thick heavy texture, 
 and capable of breaking the blow of a ftone, or of any 
 blunt weapon. They generally go bare-footed, except 
 when they travel over burnt ftones, on which occafion 
 they fecure their feet with a kind of fandal, which is 
 made of cords, twifted from cocoa-nut fibres. Befides 
 their ordinary drefs, there is another, which is appro- 
 priated to their chiefs, and worn only on extraoroinary 
 occafions. It confifts of a feathered cloak and cap, or 
 helmet, of uncommon beauty and magnificence. This 
 drefs having been minutely defcribed, in a former part 
 of our work, we have only to add, that thefc cloaks are 
 of different lengths, in proportion to the rank of the 
 perfon who wears them; fome trailing on the ground, 
 and. others no lower than the middle. The chiefs of 
 inferior rank have likewife.a fhort cloak, w hich refem- 
 blcs the former, and is made of the long tail-feathers of 
 the cock, the man-of-war bird, and the tropic-bird, 
 having a broad border of fmall yellow and red feathers, 
 and alio a collar of the fame. Others are compofed of 
 white feathers, with variegated borders. The cap, or 
 helmet, has a^ftrong lining of wicker-work, fuflicient to 
 break the blow of any warlike weapon; for which pur- 
 pofe it appears to be intended. Thefe feathered dreffes 
 feemed to be very fcarcc, and to be worn only by the 
 male fex. During our whole continuance in Karakaktwa 
 Bay, we never obferved them ufed, except on three oc- 
 cafions; flrft, in the remarkable ceremony of Terreeo- 
 boo's firft vifit to our fltips; fecondly, by fome chiefs, 
 who appeared among the crowd on (hore, when our un- . 
 fortunate Commander was killed ; and, thirdly, when 
 his bones were brought to us by Eappo. The (triking 
 rcfemblance of this habit to the cloak and helmet whicH 
 
 the 
 
 

 ¥ 
 
 ''I'i 
 
 h|il I: 
 
 V. 
 
Is 
 
 C/3 
 
 COOK'« THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCLAN, «ci 
 
 6oi 
 
 3 
 
 the S|)«niardi formerly wort, eicittd oor curiolity to 
 enquire, whether there mi(|ht not be fome reaConablc 
 grnundi for imagining that it had btth borrowed from 
 them. After M^r endeavoun to gain information on 
 thii head, we found, that the natives had no immediate 
 acquaintance with any .other people whatcven and that 
 no tradition exiftcd among tncrn of theic idand* hav. 
 ing ever before received a vifit from Tuch vclTci* m our'i. 
 However, notwithdanding the rcfult of our enquiriei 
 oif thii fubie^, the form of thii habit fcenu to be a fuf- 
 fUrient indication of itii European origin i particularly 
 when we reflcd on another circumdancc, viz. that it ii 
 a remarkable deviation frorn the general agreement of 
 drefi, which ii prevalent among the fevcral branchei 
 of thii great trioe, difperfcd over the Pacific Ocean. 
 From tnii conclufion, we were induced to fuppofe, that 
 fome Buccaneer, or Spaniih fhip, might nave l>een 
 wrecked in the neighbourhood of thcfe iflandi. When 
 it is conltdered, that the courfc of the Spaniih trading 
 velTcts from Acapuico to Manilla, is not many degrees 
 to the S. of Sandwich Ifles, in their paflTageout, ami to 
 the N.on their rcturn.thisfuppofition wilinot, wc think, 
 dc deemed improbable. 
 
 In the common drcfs of the men, and that of the 
 women, there is very little difference. The latter wear 
 n piece of cloth wrapped round the waill, which dc- 
 fcends half way down their thighs i and fometimes, 
 during the cool of the evening, they throw loofc pieces 
 of fine cloth over their (boulders, like the females of 
 Otaheite. They have another kind of drefs called the 
 pan, which the younger part of the fcx often wear: it 
 confifts of the thinned and fined cloth, wrapped fe. 
 veral times about the middle, and reaching down to the 
 Icgi fo that it has the appearance of a full (hort petti- 
 coat. They cut their hair, and turn it up before, after 
 the cudom of the New Zealanders and Otahcitcans. 
 One woman, indeed, whom we faw in Karakakooa 
 Bay, had her hair arranged in a very fingular manner: 
 having turned it up behind, (he brought it over her 
 forehead, and doubled it back, fo that it formed a kind 
 of (hade to the face, and fomewhat refembled a fmall 
 bonnet. BeHdes their necklaces, which are compofed 
 of (hells, or of a (liining, hard, red berry, they wear 
 dried flowers of the Indian mallow, formed into wreaths, 
 and likewife another elegant ornament, termed eraie, 
 which isfomctimcsfalYencd round the hair in the manner 
 of a garland, but is^ifually put round the neck; though 
 it is worn occadonally in both thcfe ways at once. It is a 
 kind of ruff, about as thick as a linger, formed with great 
 ingenuity, of very fmall feathers, woven clofely toge- 
 ther, inlomuch, that the furfacc may be faid to equal 
 the riched velvet in finoothnefs. The ground is, in 
 general, ted, with alternate circles of black, yellow and 
 green. Wc have already dcfcribed their bracelets, of 
 which they have a great variety. Some of the women 
 of Atooi wear fmall figures of the turtle, made very 
 neatly of ivory or wood, tadened on their fingers, in the 
 (lime manner that rings are worn by us. They have 
 likewife an ornament conddingof (hells, tied in rows 
 on a ground of drong net work, fo as to (hike againd 
 each other, while in motion; which both fexes, when 
 they dance, faden either round the ancles, or jud below 
 the kniie, or round the arm. They fometimes, indead 
 of (hells, ufe for this purpofe, the teeth of dogs, and a 
 hard red berry. Another ornament, if it defcrves that 
 name, is a kind of mad<:, compofed of a large gourd, 
 having; holes cut in it for the nofe and eyes. Tnc top 
 of it IS duck full of green twigs, which appear at fome 
 didance, like a waving plume; and the lower part has 
 narrow (tripes of cloth hanging from it, fomewhat re- 
 fembling a beard. Thefe mulks wc never faw worn but 
 on two occafi-jns, and both times by a number of per- 
 fons adembled in a canoe, who approached the fide of 
 the ditp, laughing and making droll gediculations. Wc 
 could never Team whether th<y were not alfo made ufe 
 of as a defence for the head againd dones, or in fome 
 of their public fports and games, or were difguifei 
 merely for the purpofca of mummer;' and fport. 
 
 The natives of Sandwich Iflanda dwell tccethet- in 
 fmall towns or villagca, which contain from aboNt lOO 
 ■. No. 74. 
 
 to joohoufcs, built prettv clofe to ea< h other, witliouc 
 order or regularity, and having a winding pjith that 
 leads through the n. They arc ftinkcdfiequcntjy. to- 
 wards the (ca (Kir, Mithloufe detached walls, whu h an, 
 in all probability, intended lor Ihc-ltcr and tlc-fcnce. 
 Their habitations arc ot various dimcniioni, Itom 45 
 feet by 34, to 1 8 by 1 1. Some arc of a larger lizc, be- 
 ing 50 feet in length, 30 in breadth, and entirely open 
 at one end. Thcfe, we were informed, were dcligncd 
 for the accommodation of drangers or travellers, wnofc 
 day was likely to be diort. Some of the bed houlirs 
 have a court-yard before them, railed in very neatly, 
 with fmaller habitations for fervants crcded round it: 
 In this area the family ufuailv cat and fit in the day- 
 time. In the fides of the hills, and among the deep 
 rocks, we faw feveral holes or caves, which feemed to 
 be inhabited; but the entrance being defended by 
 wicker-work, and, in the only one that wc vilited, a 
 done fence being obferved running acrofs it within, we 
 fuppofed that they were chiefly intended as places of 
 retreat, in cafcnf an attack from enemies. 
 
 People of an inferior clafs feed principally on fid), 
 and vegetables, fuch as plantains, bread-fruit, fwect po- 
 tatoes, lugar-canes, yams, and taro. To thcfe perlona 
 of fuperior rank add the flclh of dogs and hogs, dreffcd 
 after the fame method that is pradiced at the Society 
 Ifles. They likewife fometimes cat fowls of a domeltic 
 kind ; but thefe, however, are neither plentiful, nor in 
 any degree of edimation. On our tirft arrival at thcfe 
 iflands, yams, and bread-fruit, feemed fcarcc; but, on 
 ourfecond vilit, we did not find this to be the cafe: it is 
 therefore probable, that, as thefe vegetable articles are 
 commonly planted in the interior parts of the country, 
 the iflanders might not have fuflicient time for bring- 
 ing them down to us, during our (hort continuance m 
 Wvmoa Bay. Their (ifli are falted, and prcferved in 
 gourd-lhclls, not, indeed, with a view of providing 
 againd an occafional fcarcit^, but from the inclination 
 they have for falted provifions ; for we found, that the 
 chiefs had frequently pieces of pork pickled in the fame 
 manner, which they conlidcrcd as a great delicacy. 
 Their cookerv is much the lame as at the Friendly and 
 Society Iflands ; and though fome of our people dif- 
 liked their taro puddings, on account of their (burnefs, 
 others were of a different opinion. It is remarkable, 
 that they had not acquired the art of preferving the 
 bread-fruit, and making of it the four pade, named 
 maihee, as is the pradicc at the Society Ifles ; and it 
 afforded us great fatisfadion, that we had it* in our 
 power to communicate to them this (ecret, in return 
 for the generous treatment wc received from them. At 
 their meals they arc very cleanly; and their method of 
 drefTing both their vegetable and animal food, was ac- 
 knowlniged univerfally to be fuperior to ours. The 
 £^es begin condantly their meals with a dofe of the 
 cxtradt of pepper root, or ava, prepared in the ufual 
 mode. The women cat apart from the other fex, and 
 arc prohibited, as before obferved, from feeding on 
 pork, turtle, and fome particular fpecica of plantainst 
 Notwithdanding this interdifiion, tney would eat, pri- 
 vately, pork with us : but we could never prevail on 
 them to tade the two latter articles of lood. ■ They ge« 
 nerally rife with the fun ; and havintf enjoyed the cool 
 of the evening, retire to their repote a lew hour* aftec 
 fun-fet. The Erees arc employed in making caiKica, 
 and mats ; the Towtows are chiefly engaged in their 
 plantations, and in fidiing; and the women in the nuu 
 nufadlure of cloth. They amufe themfclvei, in theif 
 Icifure hours, with various diverdona. The youth of 
 both fexes are fond of dancing ; and on more fcilemii 
 occafions, they entertain thcmfclvca with wredling.and 
 boxing matches, performed after the manner oT the 
 natives of the Friendly Iflands; to whom, however, 
 they are greatly inferior in thefe ^pofts. Ttwir dances^ 
 which bear a greater re(i;mblance t6 thofe of the New 
 Zealanders, than of the Friendly or Societjr Iflanders, 
 are introduced with a folemn kind of fongi in which th« 
 whole number join, at the fame time moving flowly 
 their legs, and Itriking gently their breads; their atti- 
 tudes and manner txingveiy otfy! abd graceful* Sp 
 7 O fci 
 
6o6 
 
 Dipt. C O O K'l VOYAGES C O M I' L E T R. 
 
 hr thry rcfcmWe the it^mrrt ol the So< icfy IlLimli. 
 After lhi< ha* cnntiniinl Hhnut ihr Tpacr of icn iDiniiie^, 
 they qi|i<-krn RraiUially ihcir motion* amt thr mm-, Kmi 
 ilonodlrlilt rill ihcy iirc opprrfTrd with (utiniir. Thii 
 part of thf pcrfornmntc ia thr roiintrr-piirt of thut (>♦ 
 thr inhahitanti o( New '/ealaml i ami, m nniong ihofc 
 jKoplf, the perfon whofe w'Hon i» the molJ violent, hikI 
 who rontifiiiei thii rxerrife rhc lonceH, ii applniiiIrO bv 
 the f()ei'latf>r« a* the heft Hiinffr. It niiiO In- rem^irfcrH, 
 that, in thi« cljncc, the female* only cnj^upe i ami tliut 
 the ilanCM tif the ruen refnnble thofr wc fnw nf the 
 fmall pnrrie» nt the Irirntllv lllciii ami whu h ni.iv, 
 perhapi, more |)ropfrly, bo fcrninl the iK'tonipinv 
 ment nf funm, with the rorrrfpondrnt niotinn* ol the 
 »rho!e lunly. Hut .-»<i we 'aw fomc boxing exhibitions, 
 of the f!ime kind with thoie \»r hail fern at the hrieivliv 
 I lid, it is not iiT>pn)bablr, rhar thry had here likcwite 
 ihrir j^raiid dancei, whrriin both nirn »nd women were 
 pcrtiirmen. Their iiuilic, on thrfi*, and other occa- 
 liom, iiof a rude kind; (or the only inltriimrnt», wc 
 obfcrvrd amonp them, were «lruin* of variiMin tins. 
 Their fonf^*, however, which they are faid to linj* in 
 psrts, and which they accompany with a gentle mo- 
 tion of ihcir anm, like tholeof the inhabitant* of the 
 Friemliv I|1f*, have a very plealingertect, 
 
 Thcd. proplv are greatly udilii^tcd to gambling. One 
 of their games rcftinblcs our game otdraiightii bui, 
 from thr number of fi]uarci, it fcems to be much more 
 intricate. 'I'he board it nf the length of about two 
 feet, and is divided into j jS lijuarcs, 14 in a row. In 
 playing they iiCe white and bt.uk pebbles, which rSey 
 move from one fquare to another. 'Jhey have a | ,me 
 which confirts in concealing a Itone under fome cloth, 
 fpread out by one of the parties, and rumpled in fiirh 
 a manner, that it is difficult to perceive where the none 
 lies. The antagonid then llriko<,with a Hick, that part 
 «)f the cl(Xh where he rupiKifes the (lone to be ; and the 
 chances being, uprtn the whole, again!! his hitting it, 
 odds of all degrees, varying with the opinion of the 
 dexterity of the parties, are laid on theoci alion. Ihcir 
 manner of playing at bowls nearly rcfcmbles that of 
 ours. They often entertain themfelves with races be- 
 rwren boys ar»d girls, on which they lay wagers with 
 great fpirit. We law a man beating hi* brealV, and 
 tearing his hair, in the violence of rage, (or having lolf 
 three hatchets at one of thefe races, which he hail pur- 
 chafed from us with near half his property a very little 
 time before. In fwimming, both (exes arc very expert ; 
 an art that, among thcfc people, Is deemed necrdary, 
 and is their favourite diverfton. One particular inethod, 
 in which wcfometimes faw them aniufc thcmfelves, is 
 worthy of notice. The furf, that breaks on the coaft 
 round this bay, extends about 150 yards from the (hore i 
 and within that fpace, the furges of the fca arc da(hed 
 againft the beach with extreme violence. Whenever 
 the impetuoliry of the furf is augmente<l to its greateft 
 height, they make choice of that time for this amufc- 
 menr, which thry perform in this manner: about 20 or 
 '^o of the natives take each a long narrow board, 
 rounded at bcKh ends; and fet out in company with 
 each other from the Ihorc. They plunge under the 
 firil wave they meet, and, after they have Uiffcrcd it to 
 mil over them, rife again beyond it, and fwim further 
 out into the Tea. They encounter the fecond wave in 
 the fame manner with the firlt. The principal diffi- 
 culty confifts in feizing a favourable opportunity of div- 
 ing under it ; for, if a pcrfon miffes the proper mo> 
 fnent, he is caught by the furf, and forced back with 
 great violence; and his uttnoft dexterity is required, to 
 prevent his being dafhed againfl the rocks. When in 
 ironfcqueiKe of thefe repeated efforts, they have gained 
 the fnvMth water beyond the furf, they reclige them- 
 felves at length upon the boards, and prepare for their 
 return to ttmif. The Turf being compofcd of a number 
 of waves, of which every third is obferved to be con- 
 fiderably larger than the reft, and to f)nw higher upon 
 the (hore, while the others break in the intermediate 
 fpace; their firftobjcAii to place thcmfclves on the 
 top of the largcd fui^, which drives them along with 
 alfoniniing rapidity toward* the land. If, by raiftake, 
 
 thry fliould |ibfi- ihem(il\r» on one of thr fmallir 
 w«vr«, whiih bituk* Uloic tliiygHin the (liorr, or 
 OkhiUI Itfd •hitiiftlve* uiwble to ktip their hmrd in » 
 pro|>rr diriVdon on the upper purt olj^r (well, thev re- 
 m;Hnex|)<)fed to the fiirv of iheneiti tonvuid which, 
 they are under thr natiVity of divmg again, and fcio- 
 vrring the pisrc from whrnre thrv fit out. Thofr whn 
 fiHtrril in re»» hing thr fliorc, aic Hill in a very ha/.aul- 
 ous (ituatum. As the tmt\ i* dedndid by a chain of 
 riKks, with a fiiiall o|)cning Iwtwcm them in (rvrni 
 phcen, ihrv are obliged to (leer their plank ihrtnigh 
 one o( tliffe openings 1 or, in cafe o( ill (uccrCs in th»t 
 irlpecf, to quit it bclorethet re.ich the rocks, aiul.div- 
 iiijMinder the wave, make their way Imk again ai well 
 .!» they arc ahir, I his i* conlidrrrij .is highly difgiace. 
 (ill, and is attrmird with the lo(s of thr plank, which wc 
 Iwvr fccn dilhrd to pieces, at the very infUnt thr native 
 qiiiitnl It. The amai-Mig lourage anti addrcCj, with 
 which they perform thefe dangcroin atrhievemcnts are 
 almoll incredililc. The followinj^acciilrnt evimes, «t 
 how early a prrio I thiy arr fo far uccullomed to the 
 watrr, as to loCe all apprehenfionsnf its peril.*, ami even 
 lot them at deliance. A canoe, in which was a woman 
 and her children, haopening to overfct, one of the chil- 
 dren, an infant of aliotit four years old, appeared to he 
 {^rraily dclightcti, (V/imminiJ about at iiseafe.and play- 
 ing a numlH-r of t.-ick«, till the canoe was brought to 
 its (ormer pnfition. Among the amufement* of the 
 children, we obfrrved one that was (re(|iiently played at, 
 nnd which (hewed a conliderable fhnre of ilexterity. 
 Tlicy takcaftioii (lick, throui^h one extremity whereof 
 runs a peg (li.irp^.ied at both en<ls, extending about an 
 inch on each tide, then throwing up a hall, formed of 
 green Imvcs moulded together, and fartenedwith twine, 
 they carch it on one of thr points of the peg ; ini- 
 iiicdiately after which, they throw it up again from thr 
 prg, then turn the ftick round, and catch the ball or. the 
 othe point of the |wg. Thus, for (bmc time, they con- 
 tinue catching it on each point of the peg alternately, 
 without milling it. They „rc equally expert at aiKjthcr 
 diverlion ol a limilar nature, throwing up in the »\r, 
 and catchiiig, in their turns, many of thefe b.ills; and 
 we hive often fccn little children thus kicp five bulls in 
 motion at once. This latter game is alio praJifod by 
 the young people of the Friendly Iflcs, The figure 
 and dimenlions <if the cknnes, feen by us at Atooi, h.ivc 
 been already defcribed. Thofc belonging to the other 
 Sandwich lllands were made exaiflly in the fame man- 
 ner ; and the iargefl we faw was a double one, the pro- 
 perty of Terrreoboo, meaCuring 70 feet in length, 1 2 in 
 breadth, andbrtwecn ;f and 4 in depth; and each was 
 hollow cd out of one tree I'heir mcthcxl of naviga- 
 tion, as well as that of agriculture, refcmblc- thofc of 
 the other iflunds in the Pacific Ocean. I'hey have 
 made confidcrable proficiency in the art of fculpture, 
 and in painting or Gaining cloth. The mod curious 
 fpecimens of their fculpture, that we had an opportu- 
 nity of obferving, were the wooden bow'ls, in which the 
 Erces drink ava. Thefe are, in general, eight or ten 
 inches in diameter, pcrfeiftly round, and extremely wclj 
 polifhed. They are fupportcd by three or four fmall 
 human figures, reprefente-J in different attitudec. Some 
 of them refl on the (houlders of their fup|)Orrrrsj 
 others on the hands, extended over the head ; -and fomc 
 on the head and hands. The figures arc very neatly 
 finifhed, and accurately proportioned; even the ana- 
 tomy of the mufcles is well expreffed. 
 
 Their cloth is manufadured in the fame manner as at 
 the Society and Friendly Iflands. That which they 
 intend to paint, is of a ftrongand thick texture, fcve- 
 ral folds being beaten and incorporated together; after 
 which they cut it in breadths, two or three feet wide, 
 and thrn paint it in a great variety of patterns, with 
 fuch regularity and comprehenfivenefs of dcfign, as 
 (hew an extraordinary portion of rafte and fancy. The 
 cxa^nefswith whichthemoA intricate patterns are con- 
 tinued, is really aftonilhing, as they have no (lamps, 
 and as the whole is performed by the eye, with a piece 
 of bamboo cane dipped in paint; the hand being fup- 
 ported by another piece of the fame fort oi cane. 
 
 They 
 
 H 
 
COOK'i THIKU and LAST VOYA^JE— T.. fi.e PACiHC OCKAN, «tc. 
 
 607 
 
 Thfy f xirac* thrir loloutt frmn fhr fume bcrriM, »rnl 
 other vrnrliil)lr nrii<liit, whirh arc nude 11 fc ot at ()i,i- 
 hcitr tor thii |iuri>.)f«. The- oiKration ol rt.immn or 
 pamtiMK their doth, ii tonlim-d t<» the fcm.iti-t, ami u 
 •Icnominatcil Ijijuufsc. I'hey alwuy* callnl our writing 
 Uy ihu n.tme. The ycmnn wcmion wouKI Ireiiiienily 
 take the \)en from our handi, and (hew \\* thit they 
 wrrc a.i well aiquiiintrd with the iifc of it ai we our- 
 fi'lvtui tcllinn u«, at the fame time, that our iiens were 
 Inferior 10 their*. They < onlidcred a manulVript (licrt 
 of |>«|)cr at a piece ol i loth Unpcti after the nxjiic <>l 
 our roumryi Jtid it \v«» with the ureaiell (lilln 1 • 
 that wc louiil mukc ihciii underlhmil that our li^jui' 
 ( ont.imrd a mratiinj^ m theiit, whit h thiiri wai d( (di- 
 lute of. Their mam they make of the leavci of the 
 ii.iiul.inu« I and thcfc, a« well as their cloths, arc 
 (x'.uitifully worked iti varioui nattcrni, ami Oainrd 
 with .liver* colour*. Some of tncm have a ground of 
 Itraw-colour, embcllillieil with green f|M)t« : «iihtrH are 
 of a pale urnn, fpotted with fi)uarei, or rhomboiil.i, of 
 red I ami fomc arc ornamented with elej(ant (hipc«, ei- 
 ther in llrait or waved line* of reil and brown. In thi* 
 brxmh of nianufaiture, whether wc regard the finencf*, 
 beauty, or llrcngth, thefc iHandcri may lie faid to excel 
 the w hole world. Their (ilhing hooki are of varloii t li/c» 
 anil (i^;ure!(i but thole that are principally nude ufe of 
 arc about two or three inchej in lenfftn, and are luintnl 
 in the Ihapc of a final filh, fctvin^,' an a bait, with a 
 bunch of feather* fillened to the head or tail. J Ivv 
 make their hooks of Uine, inothci-of-()earl, or \uhhJ, 
 po.nted and barbed with little bonei, or toitoile-llitll. 
 I'hofc with which they filh lor fliark% arc very large, 
 being, in general, of the length of fix or eight inches. 
 Conlidcring the materiaU of which thcfe hookn arc com- 
 pofed, their ncatncf* and Hrength arc amazingi and, 
 indeed, up»n trial, wc found them fupcrior to our own. 
 Of the bark of the t(xxa, or cloth-tree, neatly twilUd, 
 ihey form the line which they ufe for filhin^', for mak- 
 ing nets, and for (oine other purpofci. It is of dif- 
 ferent degree* of tinenefs, and ntay be continued to 
 any length. They have alfo a fort, made of the bark 
 of a Ihrub, nanjed arecmahi and the I'tncll is compo- 
 fed of huinan hair : this laft, however, is chicHy made 
 ufe of in the way of ornament. They likewilc make 
 cordage of a ftronger kind, from cocoa-nuc fibres, tor 
 the rigging of their canoes. Some of this, which w.is 
 purchafcd by us for our own ufe, was found to ^c well 
 calculated tor the fmaller kinds of running rigging. 
 They alfo manufadure another fort of cordage, which 
 is tiat, and extremely ftrong, and is principally ufcd for 
 the purpofe of latliing the roofs of their houfcs. This 
 lad IS not twilled after the manner of the former forts, 
 but is formed of the fibrous llrings of the coat of the 
 rocoa-nut, plaited with the fingers, in the fame maiiner 
 which is praclifcd by our feamen in making their |)oints 
 (or the reefing of fails. 
 
 Their gourds arc applied to various domeftic purpo- 
 fes. Thcfe grow to (uch an enormous magnitutle, that 
 fomc of them will contain from ten to a dozen gallons. 
 Jn order to adapt them the bettertu thcirt'efpcdtive ufes, 
 they take care to give themditferent{hapcs,by faHening 
 bandages round them during their growth. Thus fome 
 of them arc in the form of a dilh, lerving to hold their 
 puddings, vegetables, and (alted provilions : others are 
 ofalongcyl''~drical form, andfcrve to contain their tith- 
 ing tackle; which two forts arc furniflicd with neatdofc 
 covers, made :!fc of the gourd. Others are in the fliapc 
 of a long.neckcd bottlt; and, in thefc water is kept. 
 They fcorc them frequently with a heated inflrumcnt, 
 (o as to communicate to them the appearance of being 
 painted, in a great variety of elegant dcfigns. Their 
 
 f)ans in which they make their fait, arc made of earth 
 ined with clay, and are in general fix or eight feet 
 iquarc, and about two thirds of a foot in depth. They 
 arc elevated on a bank of ftonc, near the high-w^ter- 
 mark, whence the fait water is conduded to the bottom 
 of them, in trenches, out of which they arc filled ; and 
 in a thorc time the fun performs the procefs of the eva- 
 poration. The fait we met with at Onecheow and 
 Atooi, during our firtt viftt, was brownifh, and rather 
 3 
 
 ilirtyi but that which we afterward* priHured in K'ra- 
 knk(Nia Hay, wai white, and of an excclleiii ({uality. Wc 
 obtained an ampK- tuppiv of it, infomut h that, b< lidr» 
 the qu.intity ufeil by m in fjitmt; |K)tk, wr tilled sU oar 
 empty calk* with it. 
 
 The warlike wea|K>ni of the inhabitant* of thcfe 
 illandi arc lUgger*, whith they lall by the name ol pa. 
 hooa, fpcari, llings, and ( iulit. The paluxu i» made, 
 of a black, heavy woikI, that rcfcmblc elKiny. It ii 
 cniMiiioiily Irom one to two feet in length, and hn« a 
 tiring palling tliioug'i the hamllr, bv whith it i* fuf- 
 pemleil Itcim the arm. The Made u (omewliat rounded 
 m the muKlle : the liJei are Iharp, and terminate ii\ a 
 (X)int. 'J'hit olVenlive weapon 1* inteiul.'d tiir dutren- 
 g.igemcnt'i, and in the handi of the nativ « i» a very dc- 
 trru(fUvc one. Their fpear«i are of two kinds, am) aie 
 lormcd of hard wooil, which, in it* appearance, it not 
 unlike iti.ihogany. One fort it from tix to eight lift in 
 length, well polillicd, and ini tealing gruliially in tliick- 
 noU from the extremity till wittiin thedillame ot Uxor 
 Icvcn indies from the point, whic h tapers fuddenly, and 
 has five or fix rows of barb*. It is prob.iblc that ihelc 
 arc iifed in the way of jivelij's. The other fort, with 
 which the warriors wc faw at Atmii ami Owh)hcc were 
 chiefly ariueil, arc from 1 2 to 1 f t'cet in Ictigtti, and in- 
 ftead of being barbed, terminate towards the point, in 
 the manner of the daggers. '1 heir lling* are the tame 
 with oiirtommon ones, except in thi* refpetit, that the 
 rtone IS lodged on matting, inllead of leather. Their 
 clubs arc tormeJ indifferently of tevcral kinds of wood: 
 they arc of various tizcs and lliapcs, and of rude work- 
 manfliip. 
 
 The inhal)itants of the Sandwich Illands are divided 
 into three dalles. The Mrccs, or chiefs ofcacji diftriiff, 
 arc the (iril ; itsd one of thcfe is fupcrior to the rctt, who 
 is caileil, at Owhvhee, Ercc-taboo, and Kree-Mocc, the 
 lirll nainc cxprclUng his authority, and the latter ligni- 
 tying that, in his prcfcnce all mult proftrate themfelvcs. 
 Thofe of the fccond clafi appear to enjoy a right of 
 property, but have no authority. Thofc who compofc 
 the ti rd clafs, are called Tow tows, or fervants, and 
 have neither rank nor property. The fupcrior power 
 and diflindlion of Terrccoboo, the Erectalioo of Owhy- 
 hcc, was fufliciently evidert from his reception at Kara- 
 kakooa,onhis fird arrival. The inhabitants all protlra- 
 ted themfelvcs at the entrance of their houfc*, and the 
 canoe* were tabooed, till he difcharged the interdich 
 He was then jull returned from Mowcc, an itland he 
 was contending for, in behalf of his fon, Tccwarro, 
 whofc wife was the only child of the king of thut place, 
 againltTahceterrec, histurviving brother. In this expe- 
 dition he was attended by many of his warriors; but we 
 could never learn whether they fervcdhim as volunteers, 
 or whether they held their rank and property under 
 that tenure. That the fubordinate chiefs are tributary 
 to him, is evidently proved in the inftance of Kaoo,* 
 which has been already related. We have alfo obferved, 
 that the two mod powerful chiefs of the Sandwich 
 Itlands, are Tcrreeoboo and Pcrrecorannec; the former 
 being chief of Owhyhec, and the latter of Woahoo; all 
 the imaller ifles being governed by one of thefe^Qve- 
 reigns : Mowee was, at this time, claimed by Tcrreeo- 
 boo, for his fon anu intended fuccelTor; Atooi and Cnce- 
 heow bcin^ in the poflcfTionof thegrandfons of Perreeo- 
 rannee. Without entering into the genealogy of the kings 
 of Owhyhee and Mowee, it maylje necemmr to men- 
 tion, that, when we were firfl off Mowee, Tcrreeoboo 
 and his warriors were there, to fupport the claims made 
 by his wife, his fon, and hisdaughter-in law; and a battle 
 had then been fought with the oppofite party, in which 
 Tcrreeoboo had been vidlorious. Matters, however, 
 were afterwards compromifedt Taheeterree was to have 
 pofTeflion of the three neighbouring iflands, during hi* 
 life; Tccwarro ta be acknowiedgra chief of Mowee, 
 and to fuccced to Owhyhee, on tiic H*>ath of Tcrreeoboo, 
 together with the three illands coiftiguous to Mowee. 
 after the dcceafc of Taheeterree. Should Teewarro, 
 who has lately married his half fifter, die, and leave no 
 ilTue behind him, thofe itlands are todefcend to Maiiu. 
 maiha, whom we have frequently meiuioned, he being 
 
 the 
 
6o8 
 
 Capt. COOK "8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 the Ton of Tcrrteoboo't deceafed brother: and (hould ■■ 
 he die without ifltie, it i* doubtful who would be the 
 fucceflbr, for Terreeoboo'i twn younger fons, beine 
 bom of a mother who had no i ink, would be debarred 
 all right of fucceflion. We clui not fee Queen Ron- 
 ton, whom Terreeoboo had Ictc at Moweeibut we had 
 an opportunity of feeing Kancc Kaberaia, the mother 
 of the twoyouthi of whom he was fo extremely fond. 
 From what hai been already mentioned, it (hould fecm 
 that their government it hereditary { whence it appear* 
 probable, that the inferior titlei, u well at property, 
 oeTcend in the faine channel. RefpedUiig Pcrreeo- 
 Itrtnee, we only difcovered that he is an Erec-taboot 
 that he wai, on fome pretence, invading the pofleflion 
 ■ of Taheeterree i and that the iflandi to the leeward were 
 governed by hit grandfont. 
 
 The Erect appear to have unlimited power over the 
 inferior claflet of people; many inftances of which oc- 
 curred daily while we continued among them. On the 
 other hand, the people are implicitly obedient. It is 
 remarkable, however, that we never (aw the chiefs ex- 
 ercife anv adtt of cruelty, injuOice, or infolence towardt 
 them; thouf(h they put in pradtice their power over 
 each other, m a mod tyrannical degree : which the two 
 fellowina| inlhmces will fully demonftrate. One of the 
 lower oracrof chieft having (hewn creat civility to the 
 mafter of our fhip, when employed on the furvey of 
 Karakakooa Bay; Mr. King, fome time afterwards, 
 took him on board, and introduced him to Captain 
 Cook, who cogaged him to dine with ui. While at 
 table, Pareea entered, whofe countenance manifcfted the 
 highcll indignation at feeing our guefl fn honourably 
 entertained. He feizcd him by the hair of his head, 
 and would have dragged him out of thecabbin, if the 
 Captain had not interfered. After much altercation, 
 we could obtain no qther indulgence (without quarrel- 
 ling with PSuTca) thin, that our gucft (hould dc per- 
 mitted to remain in the cabbin, on ondition that h^ 
 feated himfelf on the floor, while Parrca occupied his 
 place at the table. An inftance fomewhat fimilar hap- 
 pened when Terreeoboo came (irft on board the Refolu- 
 tion; where Maiha-maiha, who attended the king, feeing 
 Pareea upon deck, turned him mo(t ignominiotifly out 
 of the (hip : even though we knew Pareea to be a man 
 of the firft confcquence in the ifland. Whether the 
 lower clafs of people have their property fecured from 
 the rapacity of the great, we cannot pofTibly fay, but it 
 appears to be well proteQed againft theft and depreda- 
 tion. All their plantations, their houfcs, their hogs, 
 and their cloth, are left unguarded, without fear or ap- 
 
 i>rehenfion of plunderers. In the plain country, they 
 cparate their polTeflions by walls; and, in the woods, 
 where horfe plantains grow, they ufe white flags to dif- 
 criminate property, in the fame manner as they do 
 bunches of leaves at Otaheite. Thefc circumAances 
 'ftrongly indicate, that, where property is concerned, 
 the power of rite Erees is not arbitraiy, but fo far li- 
 mited, at to ifllbrd encouragement to the inferior or- 
 ders to .cultivate the foil, which they occupy diftindl 
 from each other. 
 
 The information we obtained, re(peifling thejadmi- 
 niftration of juftice is very impertcdt. If a quarrel 
 aro^ among the lower clafs of people, the matter wat 
 feferredtofomcchief for hit deci{ion. When an in- 
 ferior chief had offended one of fuperior rank, his pu- 
 jiifhment wat didlated by, and the refult of, the feelingt 
 of the fuperior at that moment. If the offender 
 Ihould fortunately efcape the firfl tranfpont of the 
 great man's rage, he perhaps found means, through 
 Uie mediation of friends, to compound for his ofTence, 
 by all, or a part of his eflinff s. As to the religion of 
 theie pcopi^i it refcmbles that of the 'Society and 
 Frinidly Iflmd*. In common with each other, they 
 lMve«n their Morals, their Whattu,* facrcd orations, 
 hymns, and facrifi^. Thefe are convincing prooft 
 (hat their religiout ntea and tenett are derived from the 
 fame fource. The ceremonies here are, indeed, longer, 
 and more mimerons than in the iflandt above-men- 
 tioned t and though m all thefe places, the care and per- 
 formance at their religious ritea, it committed to a 
 
 I 
 
 particular daft of people; yet we had never found a 
 regular fociety ofprieflt, till we arrived at Kakooa, in 
 Karakakooa Bay. Orono wat the title given to the 
 
 i>rincipal of thit order; a title which feeiiwd to imply 
 omethinB facred in a high degree, and which almoft n- 
 ceived adoration in the perfon of Omeean. The pri- 
 vilege of holding the principal oHicet in thit order, it 
 douDtlefi limited to certain families. Omceah, the 
 Oreno, wat Kaoo't fon, and Kaireekeea't nephew. 
 Kaireckeea prefided in all religiout ceremoniet at the 
 Morai,in the abfenceof hit grandfather: it wasobferved, 
 likewife, that the fon of Omeeth, an infant of about 
 the age of five yean, had alwayt u number of fttend- 
 antt, and fuch other markt of diftindion and eAecm . 
 were fhewn him, as we never obfcrved in any fimilar in- 
 (tarxes. Hence we concluded, that his life was an ob- 
 ject of much confequence, and that he would eventually 
 fucceed to the high dignity of hit father. The title of 
 Orono, we have already obfervcd, wat bcflowcd on Cap- 
 tain Cook; and it it very certain, that they confidered 
 UI at a race of beings fuperior to themfelvet; fre- 
 quently repeating that the great Eatooa lived in our 
 country. The favourite little idol on the Moral, be- 
 fore which Captain Cook fell proftrate, it called Koo- 
 nooraekaice, and is Terrecoboo's god, which they faid 
 rcfided alfo among us. An almoA infinite variety of 
 thefe images were to be fecn, ' ith on the Moraia, and 
 about their houfcs, on which they beftbw different 
 names; but they certainly were held in very little efti- 
 mation; from their contcnnptuous exprellions when 
 fpeakingof, or to them, and from their expoling them 
 to fale for mere trifles; though they generally had one 
 particular figure in high favour, to which, while it con- 
 tinued a favourite, alt their adoration was addreiTed. 
 They arrayed it in red cloth, beat their drums, and 
 chanted hymns beforeit ; place i bunches of red feathers, 
 and different vegetables at Ita feet; and frequently cx- 
 pofed a pig or a dog, to rot on the Whatta, near which 
 It was placed. In a bay to the fouthward of Karaka- 
 kooa, a party of us were condu£led to a large houfe, in 
 which we faw the figure of a black man, rcfting on hit 
 toes and fingers, and hit he^id inclined backward : the 
 limbs were well proportioned, and the whole was beau- 
 tifully poliihed. Thit figure wat called Maee ; round 
 which thirteen othert were placed, with (hapet rude and 
 dlAorted. Thefe, we were told, were the Eatoo't of 
 deceafed chiefs, whofe names they repeated. Numbera 
 of Whatta'swere fee n within thit place, with the re- 
 mains of ofleringt on many of them. They alfo have 
 in their habitations many ludicrout and obfcene repre- 
 fentatlont by Idols, not unlike the Priapus of the an- 
 clentt. Former navlgatort have remarked, that the 
 Society and Friendly Iflanders pay adoration to parti- 
 cular birds, and it feems to be a cuAom prevalent in 
 thefe Iflands: ravens may here, perhaps, be objefts of 
 worfliip; for Mr. King faw two of thele birds pcrfcdiy 
 tame, and was told they were Eatdoas : that gentleman 
 oflfin-ed feveral articles for them, which were all re. 
 fufed; and he .was particularly cautioned not to offend, 
 or hurt them. Among their religious ceremoniet may 
 be claficd the prayers and offerings made by their pricflt 
 before their meals. As they always drink ava before 
 they begin a repaft, while that it chewing, the fuperior 
 in ranklxgins a fort of hymn, in which he is foon after 
 joined by one or more of the company; the bodies of 
 the others are put in motion, and their hands are clapped 
 together in concert with the fingers. The ava being 
 ready, cups of It are prefented to thofe who do not join 
 m the hymn, which arc held In their hands till it is con- 
 cluded; when, with united voice, they make a loud re- 
 fixmfe, and drink their ava. The peribrmert are then 
 ferved with fome of it, which they drink, after the fame 
 ceremony has been repeated. And, if «ny perfon of a 
 fuperior rank (hould be prefcnt, a cup is prefented to 
 him laft of all; who having chanted for a (hort time, 
 and hearing a refponfe from othert, he pours a fmaU 
 quantity on the ground, and drinks the reft. A piece of 
 the fle(h, which has been drefl'ed, it then cut off, and 
 together with fome of the vegetables, it placed at the 
 foot of the figure of the EatooK; and, after another 
 
 hymn 
 
^ 
 
 cook's third and LAST VOYAGE-— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 609 
 
 hymn ha* been chanted, they beuin their meal. A ce- 
 remony, in many rcfpccb rcfeniblmg this, is alfo per- 
 Ibrmcd by the chieti, when they drink ava between 
 their regular meals. AccordiHg to the accounts given 
 by the natives, human facrificcs arc more common here 
 than in any of the iflands wc have vilited. They have 
 recourfe to thcfe horrid rites, on the commencement ot 
 a war, and previous to a battle, or any iignal enter- 
 prize. The death of every chief demands an offering 
 of one or more Towtowsj and we were informed not 
 lefs than ten were devoted to fuHer, on the deccafc of 
 Terrecoboo, the king. But the unhappy vidlims are 
 totally unacquainted with their ordained fatcj which 
 is, to be attacked with large clubs, wherever they may 
 happen to be; and after they are dead, arc conveyed 
 to the place where the fubfequcnt rites are to be uer- 
 forined. This brings to our remembrance the Ikulls ol 
 thofe who had been facriliced on the decoafe of fomc 
 principal chief, and were fixed to the Moral at Kakooaj 
 at which village we received further information on this 
 fubjcift; for wc were Ihewn a fmall piece of ground, 
 within a ftonc fence, which we were told was a i Icrc- 
 cere, or burying-place of a chief. The perfon who gave 
 us this information, pointing to one of the corners, 
 added; and there lie the tangata and waheenc-taboo, or 
 the man and woman who became facrifices at his fune- 
 ral. The knocking out their fore teeth, may be with 
 propriety claflcd among their religious culioms. Mott 
 of the common people, and many of the chiefs, had 
 loft one or more of them; and this, we undcrllood, was 
 conlidered as a propitiatory facrifice to the Eatooa, to 
 avert his anger ; and not like the cutting off" p.ut ol 
 the finger at the Friendly lllands, to exprefs the vio- 
 lence ot their grief at the deceafeof a friend. Concern- 
 ing their opinions, refpeding a future ftate, we had very 
 defet^tive information. Enquiring of them, whither 
 the dead were gone? wc were told, that the breath, 
 which they fecmed to confidcr a3 the immortal part, 
 was Hed to the Eatooa. They fecmed alfo to give 
 a defcription of fome place, which they fuppofe to be 
 the abode of the dead ; but wc could not learn, that 
 they had any idea of rewards and puniffimcnts. 
 
 Here an explanation of the word Taboo may not be 
 improperly introduced. On aflcing the reafons of the 
 intercourfc being interdidled, between us and the iflan- 
 dcrs, the day preceding Tcrrecoboo's arrival, we were 
 informed, that the Bay was tabooed. The fame intor^ 
 didtion took place, by ourdefire, when we interred the 
 remains of Captain Cook. The moft implicit obedi- 
 ence, in thefe two inft»:.CL4, was rendered by the na- 
 tives j but whether on religious principles, or in de- 
 ference to civil authority, we cannot pretend to deter- 
 mine. The ground whereon our obfervatories were 
 fixed, and the place whereon our marts were depofited, 
 were tabooed, and the operation was equally efficacious. 
 This confccration was performed by the pricftsonlys 
 and yet, at our requeft, the men ventured on the fpot 
 which was ubooed ; whence it (hould Teem they enter- 
 tained no religious apprehenfions, their obedience be- 
 ing limited merely to our refufal. No inducements 
 could bfing the women near us ; on account, it is prc- 
 fumed, of the Moral adjoining ; which they arc, at all 
 tiniei, prohibited from approaching; not only here, but 
 in all the iflands of the fouth feas, women, it has been ob- 
 ferv-v', )< e alwaya tabooed, or forbidden to ^at certain 
 articlej< cf food. We have feen many of them, at their 
 meals, have their meat put into their mouths by others ; 
 c^d, on our requefting to know the reafon of it, wc 
 wen informed, that they were tabooed, and not per- 
 mitt.d to feed thcmfelvcs. This prohibition was al- 
 ways the confequcncc ofafllffing ai any funeral, touch- 
 ing a dead body, and many other occafions. The 
 word taboo, is inditfercntly applied, either to perfons 
 or things ; as the natives are tabooed, the bay is ta- 
 booed, &c. This word is alfo exprcflive of any thing 
 facred, devoted, or eminent. The king of Owhyhee 
 is called Erectaboo, and a human vi^U^i, tangata-u- 
 boo ; and, among the Friendly tlUnders, Ton^, where 
 the king relides, is called Tonga-taboo. 
 
 With refpeift to their tnarrmges, vay little can be' 
 • No. 74. 
 
 faid, except that fuch a compaA feems td exift among 
 them. It has already been mentioned, that, when Ter* 
 reeoboo had left his queen Rora-ronl, at Mowee, ano^ 
 thtr woman cohabited with him, by whom he had chil- 
 dren, and fecmed particularly attached to her; b(jt 
 whether polygamy is allowed, or whether it is mixed 
 with concubinage, either among the principal or infe- 
 rior orders, we law too little of, to warrant any concUc 
 fions. From what we obferved of the domeftic con- 
 cerns of the lower clafs of people, one man and one 
 woman feemed to have the diicdion of the houfe, and 
 the children were fubordinate to them, as in civilized 
 countries. The following is the only inftance of any 
 thing like jcaloufy, which we have fccn among tlicm, 
 and which (hews, that, among miirried women of rank, 
 not only fidelity, but even a degree of rcfcrve, is re- 
 quired. At one of their boxing matches, Omeah rofc 
 two or three times from his place, and approaching his 
 wife, with ftrong marks of dilplcafurc, commanded her, 
 as we fuppofed, 10 withdraw. Whether he thought her 
 beauty engaged too much of our attention, or whatever 
 might be his motives, there certainly exillcd no real 
 caufe of jcaloufy. She, however, continued in her place, 
 and, at the conclufion of the entertainment, joined our 
 party, and even folicited fome trifling prclents. She 
 was informed that we had not any about us, but that, if 
 ffie would accompany us to the tent, (he (hould be wel- 
 come to make choice of what flie liked. She was, ac- 
 cordingly, proceeding with US; which being obferved 
 by Omeah, he followed in a great rage, fcizeoher by the 
 hair, and, with his fiffs, began to intlidt fevcre corporal 
 punilhment. Having been the innocent caufe ot this 
 extraordinary treatment, wc were exceedingly concerned 
 at it ; though we underftood it would be highly im- 
 proper for us to interfere between hulband and wife of 
 luch fuperior rank. The natives, however, at length 
 interpoIiL'd, and, the next day, we had the faiisfaiflionof 
 meeting them together, pcrlcdly fatisfied with each 
 other; belides, what was extremely Angular, the lady 
 would not permit us to rally the hulband on his l^ba- 
 viour, which we had an inclination to do; plainly telling 
 us, that he had ailtcd very properly. 
 
 We had twice an opportunity, at Karakakooa Ba)', 
 of feeing a part of their funeral litcs. Hearing of the 
 death of an old chief, not far from our obfervatories, 
 fome of us repaired to the place, where we beheld a 
 number of people aflembled. They were fcated round 
 an area, fronting the houfe where the decea'ed lay; and 
 a man, having on a red feathered cap, came to the door, 
 conflantly putting out his head, and making a moft la- 
 mentable how 1, accompanied with horrid grimaces, and 
 violent diftortions of the face. A Jarge mat was after- 
 wards fpread upon the area, and thirteen women and 
 two men, who came out of the houfe, fat down upon it 
 in three equal rows ; three of the women, and the two 
 men being in front. The women had feathered ruffs 
 on their necks and hands, and their ftioulders were de- 
 corated with broad green leaves, curioufly fcolloped. 
 Near a fmall hut, at one corner of this area, half a do- 
 zen boys were placed, waving fmall white banners, and. 
 taboo flicks, who would not permit us to approach 
 them. Hence wc imagined, that the dead body vtas 
 depofited in the hut; but we were afterwards informtd 
 that it remained in the houfe, where the tricks were 
 playing at thedoorby the man in the redcap. The com- 
 pany featcd on the mat, fung a melancholy tune, accom- 
 Eanied with a gentle motion of the arms and boidy. This 
 aving continued fome time, they put themfelves in a 
 pofture between kneeling and fitting, and their arms 
 and bodies into a moft rapid motion, keeping pace, at 
 the fame time, with the mufic. Thefe laft exertions 
 being too violent to continue, at intervals they had 
 flower motions. An hour having paflcd in thefe cere- 
 monies, more mats were fpread upon the area, when 
 the dead chiePs widow, and three or four other elderl/ 
 women came out of the houfe with flow and folemft 
 ^acc ; and, feating themfelves before the company, be- 
 ain to moan molt bitterly, in which they were joined . 
 % the three rows of women behind them; the two men 
 appearing melancholy and pcnlivc. They continued 
 7 P • tbua, 
 
 
 n 
 
6io 
 
 Capt. COOK'g VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 with little variation, till late in the evening,' when we left 
 Ihcm; and, at day-light, in the nnbming, the people 
 . were difperfed, and every thing appeared perfccily 
 quiet. We were then given to underftand. that the 
 body wai removed; but we could not leiirn how it wa* 
 difpofed oF. While we were dircding our enquiries to 
 this objcA, we were addrefled by three women of rank, 
 who fignificd to us, that our prefence interrupted the 
 
 Crformance of fome nccclTary rites. Soon after we 
 d left them, we heard their cries and lamentations; 
 and, when we met them a few hours afterwards, the 
 lower parts of their &ccs were painted pcrfedlly black. 
 We had alfoan opportunity of obfer\-ing the ceremo- 
 nies at the funeral of one of theordinary clals. Hear- 
 ing fomc mournful cries, ilTuing from a mifcrable hut, 
 we entered it, and difcovrred two women, whom we 
 fuppofed to be mother and daughter, weeping over the 
 body of a man who had that moment expired. They 
 firft covered the bodv with cloth : then lying down by 
 it, they fpread the cloth over themfclves, beginning a 
 melancholy kind of fong, and repeating frequently 
 Aweh medoaah! Aweh tancel Oh my father! Oh my 
 hufband 1 In one corner of the hut a younger daughter 
 lay proflrate on the ground, having fome black cloth 
 fpread over her, and repeating the fame expreflions. 
 On our quitting this melancholy fcene, we found many 
 of their neighbours colledted together at the door, 
 who were all perfeAly fdent, and attentive to their La- 
 mentations. 
 
 Mr. King was willing to have embraced this oppor- 
 tunity of knowing in what manner the body would be 
 difpofed of; and therefore, after being convinced that 
 it was not removed till after he went t^ bed, he ordered 
 the fcntries to walk before the houfc, and if there were 
 any appearances of removing the body, to acquaint him 
 with It. The fentries, however, were rcmifs in the per- 
 formance of their duty, for, before the mornine, the 
 body was taken away. On alking, how it had been 
 difpofed of, they pointed towards the fea, perhaps 
 thereby indicating, that it had been dcpoiited in the 
 deep, or that it had been conveyed to fome burying 
 ground beyotid the bay. The place of interment for 
 the chiefs, is the moral, or heree erees, and thofe who 
 
 arefacrificed on the occadon, arc buried by the fide of 
 thcrti. The moral in which the chief was interred; 
 who, aftd- a fpirited refiftance, had been killed in the 
 cave, ik idomed with a hanging of red cloth round it. 
 Having thus hud before our readers a circumtlantial and 
 comprehenlhfe account of the whole group of the 
 Sandwich Iflands, we proceed to relate the tranfaQions, 
 incidents and evenu, during our fecond Expedition to 
 the North, by the way of Kamtfchatka, and on our re- 
 turn home, by the way of Canton, and the Cape of 
 Good Hope, from March 1 770, to Auguft 1 780. But 
 it may not be amifs to clofe this chapter, with an ab- 
 ftradl of the aftronomical obfervatioqs, which wetc 
 made at the obferva'tory in Karakakooa Bay, for de- 
 termining its latitude and longitude) to which we fliall 
 add the latitude and longitude pf the Sandwich Idands, 
 collected into one point of view. The latitude of the 
 obfervatory, deduced from meridian zenith dilhinces of 
 the fun, and fome particular Rars, we found to be 19 
 deg. 28 min. N. and its longitude, dedu<Sed from act 
 fets of lunar obfervations, to be 304 deg. £. 
 
 The Latitvdi and Loncitudi of the SANDWICH 
 ISLANDS. 
 
 Owhyhee 
 
 Mowee 
 
 Morokinnee 
 Tahoorowa 
 Ranai - - 
 Morotoi - 
 Woahoo - 
 Atooi - - 
 Oneeheow - 
 Oreehoua - 
 Tahoora - 
 
 {The North-point 
 South -point 
 Ead- point 
 Karakakooa Bay 
 r Ead-point 
 i South-point 
 i Weft-point 
 
 - South-point - 
 
 - Weft-point- - 
 
 - Anchoring-point 
 
 - Wymoa Bay - 
 
 - Anchoring-place 
 
 LttiluJt 
 deg, min. 
 
 ao 17 
 
 18 54 
 
 »9 34 
 
 19 28 
 
 20 50 
 20 34 
 20 54 
 20 39 
 20 38 
 20 46 
 ai 10 
 
 43 
 
 57 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 SI 
 21 
 21 
 22 
 
 21 43 
 
 loafKtiJt 
 
 dtf. Bia. 
 
 304 a 
 
 204 I J 
 
 205 6 
 204 
 204 4 
 «03 48 
 203 34 
 «03 33 
 203 27 
 203 8 
 202 46 
 202 9 
 aoo 20 
 
 '99 45 
 
 ">'; 5? 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 
 Tbf Rf/olution and Di/cevery, having weighed anchor, quit Oneeheow— A view of the eoafl of Kampt/chatha — Enter the 
 bay (if AvMtJka — Defcryibe town (f Si. Peter and St. Paul — Party fent mftmre— Their reception ly the Commander of 
 the port — Another party difpatcbed to Bolcberetjk, prtvifions, and floret being extremely fcarce at St. Peter and St. Paul 
 — Proceed up the river Awatflta^-Civility and bofpitaliljf from the inhabitants of the town of Karaltbin— A journey en 
 
 : fledges— Curious account of that mode of travelling — Arrrval at Nat cbeekin— Embark on the Boleboireka River— Fortnai 
 proc^ton into the capital — Ho/pilality and generyity of Major Bebm, Cmumandfr of the Garrf/bn — Bolcberetjk defcribed 
 — Affeiiing departure from that place — Return to the fltdts— Remarkable inflance ofgeneroptyintbefailors — Megar 
 Bebm carries dif patches to Peterjburgb — His departure ana extraordinary cbara.^er — ^anfahions at Petropaulcncfka- 
 The Ruffian Ihffiilal put under the care of our Surgeons — Difficulties in/ailing out of the bay— Steer to the northward—' 
 Appearance of the country — Cbeepoon/kpi Nofs — Krono(/koi Nofs—Kamtfthal/koi Nofs — Ofutorfltoi Nofs — And St. Tb*' 
 deus's Nofstpagtd, and the errors of the Rjifjian Qwrts pointed out. 
 
 ON Monday, the ijth of March i77p,weweiched 
 anchor, and pafling to the N. of lahoora, ftood 
 to the S. W. in cxpcdation of felling in with the 
 ifland of Modoopapappa ; the natives having aflured 
 «s, that it lay in that diredion, within five hours (ail of 
 Tahoora. The next day at five o'ckxrk P. M. we made 
 a fignal for the Difcovcry to come under our ftem, 
 having given over all hopes of feeins Modoopapappa. 
 On Wedncfday, the 17th. we fleered W. Captain Clerk 
 intending to keep in the fame prallel of latitude, till 
 we made the longitude of Awatfka Bay ; and then to 
 fteer N. for the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, which 
 waa alfo fixed on as-our rendezvous, if we ftiould hap- 
 pen to fcparate. This track was chofen, becaufe We 
 !ji|^>ofed It to be yet unexplored, and we might probaUv 
 meet with Ibme new iflands in our paflage. On Tuei- 
 day, the 30th, the winds apd iinfettled lute of the wca>- 
 ther, tndiuced Captain Clerke to alter his plan, and, at J 
 fix in t^ evening, we began to fteer N. W. whi(^t)> we l 
 
 i ' , 'if 
 
 continued till Tuefdav, the 6th of April, at which time 
 we loft the trade wina. The fine weather we met with 
 between the tropics, had not been •'"y f;?»nt. The car- 
 penters fiMind luflkient employment in repairing the 
 boats. The beft bower cable had been lb much da- 
 maged that we ware obliged to cut forty fathoms from 
 it. The airing of fails and other ftores, which from 
 the leakinefi of the decks, and fides of the fhip, were 
 perpetually fubjeS to be wet, had now become a trou- 
 blelome part of duty. For fome time i>aft, even the 
 operation of mending the failors oldjacKets, had rifen 
 into a duty both of oifTiculty and importance. It may 
 be necefliiry to inform thofe who are unacquainted with 
 the habiu of feanmn, that they are lb accuftomed, in 
 fliipa iDf war, to be direded in th^' care of themfelvct 
 by their officers, that they lofe the very idea of fbrefight, 
 •m) contradt thc'thou||htlefrnefs of inGuiu. Had thefe 
 people been left to their own difcrrtionak>nr, the whole 
 ,aew would have been very thinly clad, before the 
 
 voyage 
 
^ 
 
 ■ iS 
 
 •n>- 
 
 "iifrse!5--=^ 
 
 VV '. 
 
 illii' 
 
 I ■ 
 
 ..:.-i 
 
 1 f 
 
 203 
 
 8 
 
 202 
 
 46 
 
 202 
 
 9 
 
 200 
 
 20 
 
 199 
 
 ♦S 
 
 :-><! 
 
 r 
 
 to.- 
 
 06 
 
 ., /.z^;;^'^^. 
 
 
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 !•■■ 
 
 P. I 
 
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 iii p* wmtm n '■ »" 
 

 n I 
 
 \\\ 
 
 I'll 
 
 ■i t 
 
 ^ 
 
 Z*«4».,/fc*«*«^4»'-^««'^«^'«^*«»^««^^'^^^ 
 
 / 
 
PauVi Hat^„ 
 
 xe.».at:jr. 
 
 1779. 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 
 't 
 
 \\ 
 
 ^S, 
 
 >"S • 
 
 ;1"1-."- ■■■■ . 
 
 .,»■•• .V- 
 
 %'^f 
 
 -*»■- 
 
 
 
 'i'l:. 
 
 
 l^:f' 
 
 '^.•♦?iSi 
 
 • **» , , ■ ' 
 
 vs*t>n 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 i 
 
 r* 
 
 **" * r. 
 
li 
 
 iVV 
 
 H' ■ 
 
 
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 pi.. 
 
 y 
 
 i • 
 
COOK'S THIRO and LAST VoVAGE— To ihe PACIFIC OCEAN, inc. 6» 
 
 I 
 
 lo 
 
 i 
 
 voyiRc hail been half finiflicd. It wai natural to ex- 
 pert, that their experience, during the voyage to the 
 N. latt year, would have made them fcnfiblc of the ne- 
 cefllty 6[ paying fome attention to thefe matters i but 
 if fuch reflefiioni ever occurred to them, the impref- 
 flonwufp'tninrient, that, upon returning to the tro- 
 pical diinatca, their fur iacKcts, and the reft of their 
 clothet, adapted to a cola country, were kicked about 
 thcdeckaai thing! of no value; though it was known 
 in both (Wpat.that we were to make another voyage to- 
 wanli the pole. They were, of courfc, picked ujp by 
 the officers i and, being put into calks, rcftored about 
 this timt to the owners. In the afternoon of Wedncf- 
 day, the Ttb, we obfcrvcd fome of the dicathing Hoat- 
 ingby thelhipi and.on examination, found that ii or 
 t4 feet had been waftied otf' from under the larboard- 
 bow, where the leak was fuppofcd to have been; which, 
 ever fince leaving the Sandwich Illands, had kept our 
 people alnioft conftantly at the pumps, making la 
 incnca waint.in an hour; but, as wc had always 
 been able lb keep it under with the hand-pumps, it 
 cave us no great uneafinefs, till I'uefday, the 13th, 
 when, about fix o'clock, P. M. wc were greatly alarmed 
 by a fudden inundation, that deluged the whole fpacc 
 between decks. The water which had lodged in the 
 coal-hole, not finding a fuflicicm vent into the well, 
 had forced up the platforms over it, and in a moment 
 fct every thing afloat. Our fituation was now exceed- 
 ingly diftrelTing ; nor did wc perceive immediately any 
 means of relief. At laft we tnought of cutting a hole 
 through the bulk-head that fcparatcd the coal-hole 
 from the fore-hold, and, by that means, to make a 
 paflage for the body of water into the well. As foon as 
 a paHage was made, thegreatcft part of the water emp- 
 tied itlelf into the well, and enabled us to get out the 
 reft in buckets : but the leak was now fo much in- 
 ^creafed, that we were obliged to keep one half of uur 
 people pumping and baling csnftantly, till the noon of 
 Thurfday, the 1 5ch. Our men bore, with great chear- 
 fulnefs, this exceflive fatigue, which was much in- 
 
 1 creafed by their having no dry place to fleep in ; on 
 ivhich account they had their full allowance of grog. 
 On Thurfday, the 23nd, the cold was exceedingly (c- 
 vere; and the ropes were fo frozen, that it was with dif- 
 ficulty they could be forced through the blocks. On 
 Friday, the 33d, in latitude 52 deg. 9 min. longitude 
 i6odeg. 7 min. we faw mountains covered with fnow, 
 and a high conical rock, diftant about four leagues ; 
 and foon after this imperfedl view we were envcfoped 
 in a thick fog. According to our maps, we were now 
 but 8 leagues from the entrance of Awatlka Bay ; thefe- 
 fore when the weather cleared up, we ftood in to take a 
 nearer furvey of the country. A moft difmal and 
 dreary profpeiflprefcnted itfclf. Thccoaftis ftraight, 
 and uniform, without bays or inlets. IVoiti the fliore, 
 the ground rifes in moderate hills, and behind therti arc 
 ranges of mountains, whofc fummits penetrate the 
 clouds. The whole was covered with fnow, except the 
 fides of fome cliffs which rofc perpendicularly from the 
 fea. The wind blew ftrong from the N.E. with hazy 
 weather and fleet, from the 24th to the 28th. The ftiip 
 refembled a complete mafs ot ice; the (hrouds being (q 
 incrufted with it, as to double their dimcniions in cir- 
 cumference: in (hort, the experience of the oldcft fea- 
 man among us had never met with fuch continued 
 Ihowers of fleet, and that extreme cold which we had 
 now to encounter. Soon after our departure from 
 Karakakooa Bay, Cajptain Gierke was taken ill, and 
 during this run, the fea was in general Co rough, and 
 the Refolution fo leaky, that tho faiUmakers had no 
 place to repair the fails in, except the Captain's apart^ 
 ments, which in his dcclining^ate of health, was a fc- 
 rious inconvenience to him. At this time the incle- 
 mency of the weather, the difTiculty of working our 
 ihips, and the inceffant duty required at the pumps, 
 rendered the fervice intolerable to the irew, (ome of 
 whom were much froft bitten, and others were confined 
 with colds. 
 
 Sunday, the 55th, wc were favoured with a tranficnt 
 glance of the entrance of Awatlka Bayi but.io.thft 
 
 prefeuLftate of the weather, w'c could not prcfumc to 
 venturemto it. I^orthis reafon wc again flood olf, w hcri 
 
 fight of the Difcovery.; but this g; 
 
 ;, being how fo near the pUce ot 
 
 avc us little 
 rendc7vous. 
 
 we loft 
 
 concern, being n 
 
 Wcdnefilay, the 38th, in the morning, the weather 
 cleared up, arid we hid a fine day, when our men were 
 employed in taking the ici: from the rigging, fails, &c. 
 that in cafe of a thaW, which was now cxpeifUd, it 
 might not fall on our htfads. At hdoti, in latitude 53 
 deu. 44min. longitude 159 deg. the entrance of A watf- 
 k;i Bay, bore N. W. The mouth of it opens in the di- 
 rettlion of N. N. W. On the S. fide, the lind is mo- 
 derately high, riling to the northward intoa hluft'head. 
 Three remarkable rocks lie in the chanticl between 
 them, not far from the N. E. fide; and, on the op- 
 pofite fide, a linglc rork of coniiderablc {he. At 
 three o'clock, P. M. wc ftood into the bay, with a fair 
 wind fiom the fouthward, haviri^^ from 22 to 7 fathoms 
 foundings. There is a look-out houfe on the north- 
 head, ulcd as a liglit-houfe, when any of the Rufflaii 
 fliips arc expected upon the coaft. It had a flag- 
 ftalf, but we could not perceive any perfon thci-e, I'av- 
 ing paflcd the mouth of the bay, which extends about 
 four miles in length, a circular bafon prcfcnted itfclf 
 of about 2j miles in circumference; in this we an- 
 chored about tour o'clock ; fearing to run foul of H 
 ftioal mentioned by Muller to lie in the channel. Great 
 auaiuiries of loofe ice drifted with the tide in the mid- 
 dle of the bay, but the fliores were blocked up with it. 
 Plenty of wild fowl, of various kinds, were fcen; alfo 
 large flights of Greenland pigeons, together with ra- 
 vens and eagles. We examined every-corncr of the 
 oay, with our glafles, in order to difcern the town of 
 St. Peter and bt. Paul, which, from the accounts wc 
 had received at Oonalaflika, we fuppoled to be a place 
 of rtrengih and confcquence. At length we difcovercd, 
 to the N. E. fome miferable log-houfcs, and a few co' 
 meal huts, amounting, in the whole, to about 30, 
 which, from their fituation, notwithrtanding all thetc- 
 Iped wc wiflicd to entertain for a Ruffian Odiog, or 
 Town, we concluded to be Petropaulowlka. In jultice, 
 however, to the hofpitablc trcatrticni. we found here, 
 it may not be amifs to anticipate the reader's cur ofity, 
 by alluring him that out difappointmcrtt pit>vcd. in 
 the end, a matter of entertainment to us. In this 
 wretched extremity of the earth, beyond conception; 
 barbarous and inholpitable, out of the reach of civili, 
 zation, bound and barricaded with ice, and covered 
 with fummer fnowj we experienced the ttridercft feel- 
 ings of humanity, joined to a noblencfs of mind, and 
 elevation of fentiment, which would have done.honour 
 to any clime and nation. 
 
 On Sunday the 29th, in the morriirig, at day-lighr^ 
 Captain King was fent with the boats to examine the bay, 
 and to prefent the letters to the Ruffian Commander, 
 whjch he had brought from Oonalafhka. Having pro- 
 ceeded »i far as we w ere able with the boats, we got 
 upon the ice, which extended near half a mile from tha 
 fliorc. The inhabitants had not yet feen either the 
 (hip, or the boats ; for even after we had got upon the 
 ice, we could not perceive any figns of a living crea- 
 ture in the town. We funk at every ftep almoft knt c 
 deep in the fnow, and though we found tolerable foht- 
 ingat the bottom, yet the weak parts of the ice not be- 
 ing difcoverable, we were conlfantly expofcd to the 
 danger of breaking through it. This accident, at laft, 
 a(5lually happened to Captain King; who flepping on 
 quickly over ^ fufpicious fpot, in order to prefs wM^fs 
 weight upon It, he came upon a fccond before he¥6iild 
 flop himfclf, wliifh broke under him, and in he fell. 
 Fortunately he rofe clear of the icc; and a mhn who 
 was a little way behind with a boat hook, throwing it 
 out, the Captain, by that means, was enabled to get upon 
 firm iccagain. The, nearer we approached the flisre, 
 we found the ice ftill tnore broken. The fight of a 
 fledge advancing tpwards us, however, . aflbrdcd fome 
 comfort. But ififtead.of coming to our relief, the 
 driver ftopt IhorT, arid cailcd out to us. Captain King 
 imttiediately held up Ifrhyloft's letters; in confcquence 
 of >vhicli,,jj)^^l^^ttj5«t9^4 about, and drove full fpetd 
 ' back 
 
6ia 
 
 Capt. COO K'l VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i: 
 
 (r^ 
 
 V 
 
 .<•■ 
 
 *■ 
 
 ! '.,: 
 
 a-' 
 
 |: 
 
 
 back again, followed with the cxecratiqtis of Coat^t our 
 party. Unable to draw any conclurion fruiii mia unuc- 
 couiitable behaviour, we ItUt proceeded towards the 
 Oftrog, thoush with theareaiclt circuinrpcdtiofi t and, 
 \«hcn at the diftancc of about a quarter of a mile from 
 it, we obferved a body of armed men advancing to 
 nictt us. To avoid giving them any alarm, and to 
 prcferve the mod peaceable appearance, the Captain, 
 ami Mr. Webber, marched in front, and the men, who 
 had boat.hooks in their hands, were Rationed in the 
 rear. The armed party confided of about jo (bidiers. 
 headed by a perfon with a cane in his hand. Within 
 a few paces of us he halted, and drew up his men in 
 martial order. Captain King prefented IfmylofT's let- 
 ters to hin), but in vain endeavoured to make him un- 
 derdaiul th.it we were Englifh, and had brought thefe 
 difpatchi's from Oonalullika. After an attentive exa- 
 mination of our perfoiis, he condu(flcd ui towards the 
 village in folemii filince, halting frequently his men, 
 and ordering them to perform different parts of their 
 manual exercife ; with a view, as we fuppnfed, to con- 
 vince us, that if we Ihould picfumc to otfer any vio- 
 lence, we (hould hnvc to deal with thofe who knew how 
 to defend themfelves. During the whole of this time, 
 the Captain was in hit wet clothes, fliivcring with coldt 
 yet he could not avoid being diverted with this mill- 
 tary parade, though it was attended by an unfeafbnable 
 delay. Arriving, at length, at the habitation of the 
 commanding officer of the party, we were Ofliered in; 
 and, after giving orders to the military without doors, 
 our hoft appeared, accompanied by the fccrctary of 
 the port. One of the letters from Ifmyloff was now o- 
 pcncd, and the other fent exprefs to Bricheretflt, a 
 town on the weft fide of Kamtfchatka, and the place 
 of relldence of the RulTian Commander of this pro- 
 vince. 
 
 It appeared to us extraordinary, that t^<e natives had 
 not feen the Refolution the preceding da) when wc caft 
 anchor, nor this morning, till our boats approached the 
 ice. The firft fight of the (hip, wc underftood, had 
 Itruck them with a confiderable panic. The garrifbn 
 was put inftantly under arms; two field-pieces were 
 placed before the Commander's houfc; and powder, 
 ihot, and lighted matches, were all in readinefs. The 
 officer who had conduded us to his liwelling, was a fer- 
 jeant, and alfo the Commander of the Oftrog. After he 
 had recovered from the alarm which our arrival had 
 produced, the kindnefs and hofpitality of his behaviour 
 was aftontft^ing. His houfc, indeed, was intolerably 
 hot, but remarkably neat and clean. After Captain 
 King hid Chailged his clothes, by putting on a com- 
 pleat fuit of thCTcrjcant's, at his earneft requeft, which 
 Was doubtlcfs the bcft he CQuld procure; tfid, cpntider- 
 Sng our vifit was unexpcAed, was ingeiudufly con- 
 ducted. To have made foup and bouilTie would have 
 required fome time ; ihftead therefore of this, we had 
 fome cold beef diced, with boiling water pouitd over 
 it. The next courfe was a large roafted bird, the tafte 
 of which was moft delicious, though we were unac- 
 quainted with its (becies. Havingeatenamrtpf this, it 
 was removcd,and nih wasfervedup,dre(Ied in (wo dif- 
 ferent ways. Soon after which, the remainder of the 
 bird appealed again in favoury and fweci pates. Our 
 liquor was what the Ruflians diftinguilh by the name of 
 quafs, and was the moft indifterent part of our enter- 
 tainment. The ferjeant's wife ferved up feveral of the 
 <lilhes, and was not permitted to fit down at table with 
 ^is. Our repaft being finiflied, during which our con<- 
 verfation was limited to a few bows, and other perfonal 
 tokens of mutual refpcA, we Rroye to explain to our 
 hoft the occafion of our vifit to this port. Probably, If- 
 iiiylotT's letters we haddeliveredtnade him readily corn- 
 prehcnd our meaning -, but as there was not a perfon in 
 the place, who underftood any other lan^ages than 
 thofe of Ruflia or Kamtfchatka, we found it extrcntely 
 difficult TO comprehend what he endeavoured to com- 
 inunicatc to us. Haying fpent nauch tUak in 0u'r at- 
 tempt» to underftand each other, the flim.of th^ intel- 
 ligence we had received appeared to be, that th<Siigh we 
 could nor be fupt^iefl with proviflonk Otiiiitt at thSi 
 5 " 
 
 place, yet thofe articles were to be procured in great 
 plenty at Bolchcretfk. That he dotAted not, but the 
 Commander would readily fupply ui with what we 
 wanted i but that, till he received his orders, neither he, 
 nor any of the natives could even venture on board the 
 veftcl. It being now time for us to depart, and at Mr. 
 King's clothes were not yet dry, he had anin recourfe 
 to the ferjeant's l)cnevolence, for hispermiliion to carry 
 thofe on board which he had borrowed of him. Thit 
 requeft was chcarfullv complied with, and a (ledge, 
 with five dogs and a driver, was inftantly provided for 
 e.ichof ourparty.Thismode of conveyance aftbrdedhigh 
 entertainment for the failori t and tney were delighted 
 ftill more, when they found that the two boat-hooki had 
 a (ledge appropriated folely for their conveyance. TheTe 
 fledges are fo light, and fo admirably well conllrudled. 
 for the purpofes intended, that they went fafely and ex- 
 peditinudy over the ice, and over parts of it which we 
 mould have found extremely difficult to have pa(red on 
 foot. On our return, the boats were towing the Refolu> 
 tion towards the village ; and, at feven, we moored clofe 
 to the icc; the entrance of the Bay bearing S. by Ei 
 and the Oftrog N. diftant one mile and a half. On Fri- 
 day, the joth, the cafks and cables were taken to the 
 quarter-deck, to lighten the vefTel forward, and the car- 
 penters proceeded to ftop the leak which had occa- 
 fioned us fo much trouble. In the middle of the day 
 wc had fuch warm weather, that the ice began to break 
 awav very faft, and alinoft choaked up the entrance of 
 the bay. Several of our officers waited upon the ferjeant, 
 who received them with great civility j and Captain 
 Clerkc fcnt him n present o( two bottles of rum, think- 
 ing he could not (ciul him any thing more acceptable. 
 In return, he received twenty fine trout.s, and fome ex- 
 cellent fowls of the groufc kind. Though the Bay 
 fwarmed with ducks and Greenland pigeons, our fportf- 
 men had no fuccefs t for, being exceedingly (hy, they 
 could not kill any. 
 
 On Saturday, the ift of May. in the morning, we 
 faw our confort, the Difcovenr, ftanding into the Bay : 
 a boat was immediately difpatched to her affiftance, 
 and (he was moored in the alternoon clofe by the Refo- 
 lution. ' On the 3d, in the morning, two (ledges having 
 been obferved to drive into the village, Mr. King was 
 ordered on (horc, to Icam whether an anfwer was arri- 
 ved from the Commander of Kamtfchatka. The dif- 
 tance from Bolcherctflc to St. Peter and St. Paul's is 
 '3i Englifti miles. The difpatches were fent off in a 
 fledge, drawn by dogs, on the 29th, at noon, and re- 
 turned with an anfwer early this mornings fo that they 
 performed a journey of 210 miles in little more than 
 three days and a half. Fpr the prefent, the return of 
 the Commander's anfwer was concealed from us. While 
 Mr. King was on fliorc, his boat, and another belong- 
 ing to the Difcovery, were bound faft to the icc. In 
 thu fituation. the Difcovery's launch was fent to their 
 afhftance, which foon partook of the fame fate: but on 
 the 4th, the floating icc was drifted away, by the wind 
 changing, and the boats were fct at liberty, without fuf- 
 taining the fmalleft damage. At 10 o'clock A. M. fe- 
 vcral fledges having arrived at the edge of the ice, a 
 boat was ^nt from the (hip to coi^udl thofe who were 
 in them on board. One of them proved to be a Ruf- 
 fian merchant from Bolcherctflc, whofc name wa\ Fe- 
 dofltfch ; and the other a German, named Pont, with 
 difpatches from Major Bchm, Commander of Kamtf- 
 chatka. to Capuin Clerkc. Arriving at the edge of the 
 icc, and feeing diftindUy the magmtude of the fliips, 
 within 200 yards of them, they were exccedirtdy a- 
 ianped -, and before they ventured to embark, ftipu- 
 iated that two of our boat's crew (hould remain on 
 (horc, as hoftages for their fafety. It afterwards ap- 
 
 C»red, for what reafons wc could not conceive, that 
 ipyloir, in his letter to the Commander, had men- 
 tidned our (hips as two finall trading vcflels; and that 
 the feiieant, having feen them at a aiftance only, had 
 not reaifled the miftakc. When they had arrived 00 
 board, we perceived, by their timicl beh«v}our^ that 
 they enteftained fome very cxtraordiiury amithehfibns. 
 However, an ginconution degree of fatiift^ion was vK 
 
 fible 
 
COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCElAN, 6tc. 
 
 613 
 
 fiblc in thrir countenances, when the German found a 
 pcrfon among u», with whom he could enter intocon- 
 vcrfation. Mr. Webber fpoke that lan^juagc llucntly, 
 ami convinced them, though not without difficulty,- 
 that we were Englilhmen and friends. Mr. Port was 
 introduced to Captain Gierke, to whom he delivered 
 the Commander's letter. It was written in the Ger- 
 man language, and merely complimental, giving him 
 and his ofRceri an invitation to Bolcherctflc. Mr. 
 Port, at the fame time, acquainted him, that the Major 
 had conceived a very wrong idea of the fiic of the 
 Ihipj, and of the fcrvicc they were engaged in ; Ifmy- 
 loff, in his letter, having reprcfcntcd them as two fmall 
 uacquet- boats, and cautioned him to be on his guard, 
 infmuating, that he fufpeiiied us to be no better than 
 
 Rirates. In confequence of this letter, he faid, there 
 ad been various conjedurcs formed about us at Bol- 
 chcrctik. Wc were much diverted with the fears and 
 apprehenfions of thcfc people 1 and Specially with an 
 account given by Mr. Port, of the fcrjeant's extreme 
 caution the day before. On feeing Mr. King and fnme 
 other gentlemen come on (hore, he concealed him ai.d 
 the Ruflian merchant in the kitchen, to give them an 
 opportunity of liftening to our converTation with each 
 other, in order todifcover whether we were Engliflimen 
 or not. 
 
 Being now enabled, by the aid of an interpreter, to 
 converlc with the Ruflians, our firft enquiries were di- 
 reded to the means of procuringr a fupply of frelh pro- 
 vifions and naval (lores t particularly the latter, for the 
 want of which we had be'tn in great diftrefs. On en- 
 quiry, it appeared, that the whole flock of live cattle, 
 which the country about the Bay could fumifli, a- 
 mounted only to two heifers i and thefe the ferjeant 
 very readily promifed to fecure for us. Our next ap- 
 plications were made to the merchant, whofe terms tor 
 fcrving us were fo exorbitant, that Captain Clerke 
 thought it expedient to fend an exprefs to the Com* 
 mander, to learn the price of (lores at Bolcheretlk. 
 This determination being communicated to Mr. Porti 
 I.e difpatched a me(renger to the Commander at Bol- 
 chcretik, to acquaint him with our intentions, and to 
 remove the fulpicions that had been entertained re- 
 fpeding the purpofea of our voyage. For the above 
 fcrvice Mr. King was fixed upon, and ordered to pre- 
 pare for fctting out the next day, together with Mr. 
 Webber, who was to accompany him as interpreter. 
 That day, and the next, however, the weather proved 
 too (lormy for beginning a journey through fo defolatc 
 and wild a country : but on Friday, the 7th of May, 
 the weather became more favourable, and we fet out iii 
 the (hip's boats, eatly in the morning, in order to reach 
 the entrance of the Awat(ka at high-water, on account 
 of the (hoals at the mouth of that river. The country 
 boats were to meet us here, to condudl us up the 
 (Iream. Captain Gore was alfo added to our party, and 
 we were likewife accompanied by Mr. Port and the 
 Ruffian merchant, with two Co(racks, havii^ been pre- 
 vioufly furniflied with warm furred cloathing t a very 
 necefTary precaution, as it began to fnow brifkiy imme- 
 diately after our fetting out. About eight o'clock, we 
 were (lopped by (hoal water, within a mile of the mouth 
 of the river ; when fome Kamtfchadalcs took us and our 
 baggage, in fome fmall canoes, and conveyed us over 
 a bank of fand, which the rapidity of the river had 
 thrown up, and which, we were informed, was conti- 
 nually (hitting. Having pafTed.this (hoal, the water again 
 deepened, and we were furniflied with a commodious 
 boat, refembling a Norway yawl, to convey us up the 
 river, together with canoes for the reception of our bag- 
 gage. The breadth of the mouth of Awatfjui is about 
 a quarter of a mile, but it gradually narrowed as we ad- 
 vanced. Having proceeded a few miles, we padcd fe- 
 veral branches, many pf which, we were told, emptied 
 themfelves into other pivts of the Bayt and that fome 
 of thofe on the left ran into the Paratounca river. For 
 the fird 10 miles, the eenerai diiedlion of the river 
 from the Bay, is to the N. and afterwards it turns to 
 the weftward. Except this bend» it chiefly preferves a 
 firait courfci and flows through a tow flat county, to 
 No. 7S. 
 
 the didance of jo miles from the fea, which is (UbjeA 
 to frequent inundations. Six mcn.wcre cmployedi in 
 pulbing us on with long poles, three of them being at 
 each end of the boati and procceedcd againfl the llreami 
 at the rate of about three miles an hour. Our conduc- 
 tors endured this feverc labour for 10 hours; (topping 
 onlv once, and that for a lliort fpace of time, to uke « 
 little refrcflimcnt. Having been informed, at our (ir(f 
 fetting out, that we could ealHy reach Karatchin that 
 night, wc were greatly difappointed to find ourfcNes 
 I j miles from that place at fun-fet. This was attri- 
 buted to the delay in palTing the (hoals, both at the en- 
 trance of the river, and in many other places. Our 
 men Iteing exceedingly fatigued, and as the difficulty 
 of navigating the river would have increafcd b^ the 
 darkncU of tlie night, we declined all thoughts of'^pro^ 
 ceeding on our journey that evening : we therefore hxed 
 upon a place that was tolerably well fhcltered, andt 
 clearing it of the fnow, ereded a fmall marqude, which 
 we had providentially taken with us; and, with the af- 
 fiflancc of a good fire, and fome excellent punch, 
 pafTed the night agreeably. Our principdl inconveni- 
 ence was, the being obliged to keep at a confiderable 
 dillance from the fire; for as foon as it was lighted, ic 
 thawed every part round it into an abfolute puddle. 
 The Kamtfchadalcs were extremely alert and expedi- 
 tious in erctfUng our marquee, and cooking our provi^. 
 (ions I but wc were much fitrprized at finding thry had 
 brought with them their utenfils for making tea, con(i- 
 dering it as a mod intolerable harddiip if they cannot« 
 two or three times a day, regale themfelves with drink- 
 ing tea. When day-light appeared, we proceeded oil 
 our journey, and, before we had made much progrefs, 
 were met by the Toion, or chief of Karatchin, who, be- 
 ing apprized of our Coming, had provided canoes that 
 were better accommodated for navigating the higher 
 
 Carts of the river. A commodious velTcl, (made by 
 i(hing two canoes together) furnifhed with fur cloaks, 
 and lined with bear-lkins, was alfo procured for us. 
 We now proceeded rapidly,- the Toion's people being 
 remarkably expert in this kind of bufincfs. At ten we 
 arrived at the Oflrog, named Karatchin, and the feat 
 of his command, where wc were received by the Kamtf» 
 chadale men and women, and fome Ruffian fcrvants 
 belonging to the merchant, Fedofitch. They were all 
 attired in their bell habiliments j thofe of the women 
 being gay and pleating, and confiding of a loofe robe 
 of white nankeen, gathered clofe round the neck, and 
 fadencd with a filk collar. A fliort jacket, without 
 (leeves, was worn over ihis, confiding of different co- 
 loured nankeens; and they had petticOats made of a 
 flight Chinefe (ilk. Their (hifts, which were alfo made 
 oflilk, had fleeves extending 7j the wrids ; and their 
 heads were bound with colojred filk handkerchiefs, 
 which entirely concealed the hair of the married wo- 
 men; but the unmarried ones placed the handker- 
 chief under the hair, permitting it to flow loofely down 
 the fhoulders. 
 
 The Odrog of Karatchin is pleafantly fituated on 
 the fide of the river, and compofed of three log-houfes, 
 nineteen balagans, or fummer habitations, and three 
 jourts, which arc houfes under grounds The Toion^ 
 to whofe dwelling we were then condudled, was a plain 
 decent man, fprung from a Ruffian mother, and a 
 Kamtfchadale father. His houfe, like all others in this 
 country, confided of only two apartments. All the 
 furniture in the outer room, was a long narrow table, 
 with a bench round it; and the inner apartment, which 
 was the kitchen, was alfo very fcantily furnifhed. But, 
 the hearty welcome, and kind attention of our hod, 
 amply compenfated for the poverty of his habitation. 
 His wife, »n excellent cook, ferved us with various 
 forts of filn and game, and different kinds of heath- 
 berries, which had been preferred dH^c the lad year. 
 Whild wc were dining in this miferable hut,< the guells 
 of abfolute drangers, and at the extremity of the habit- 
 able globe, a folitary half-worn pewter fpoon attradled 
 our attention. Its form was familiar to us, and the 
 word London was damped upon the back of it. It is 
 I impoffiblcto exprefs the anxious hopes, and tender re- 
 7 Q_ mcrbrances. 
 
 1 
 
 iK.l 
 
6i4 
 
 Capt. CO OKU VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 i! 
 
 Hl^ 
 
 a,i. 
 
 \t 
 
 membraiKcs, thu circuninanrr excited in ui. Thofe 
 who have licrn long abrent from their nittive country, 
 will rcnduy CotKcivc wh»t iacxprciTiblc plcafure fuch 
 trifling incidentt can give. 
 
 We had now i|iiittcd the river, and th; next part of 
 our jnurncy wan to be performed on fledgen but th« 
 thaw had been fo great m the day 'time, as not to per- 
 mit UI to fetout, till the fnow was become hard and firm 
 by the culdnefs of the evening. This furnidicd ui 
 with .in opportunity of walking about the village, which 
 was the only place in this country, that we had feen 
 free from fnow. It was fituated on a Hat, of about a 
 mile and an half in circuit. The leaves of the trees 
 were jufl budding, .ind the verdure was flronoly con- 
 traned with the furrounding hills, which remained co- 
 vered with fnnw. The foil appearing to be capable of 
 producing common vegetables, we were furprized to 
 find that mit a f(X)t nf it was cultivated. Neither were 
 the inhabitants polfcired of cattle of any fort. In (hort, 
 their litiiation, during the winter months, mull be 
 wretched beyond conception. They were now remov- 
 ing from their Joiirts to their balagani, which gave us 
 an opportunity of obfcrvin" both thefe forts of habita- 
 tions. The people invited us, very civilly, into their 
 houfes ; chcirliilnefs and content were vilible in every 
 countenance, to whu h theapproar hingch.ingeoffeafon 
 might perhaps contribute. On returning toourhoC's, 
 fuppcr was prepared for us, confining of the fame ar- 
 ticles which toinpofcd our former repalK When we 
 had finifhed our meal, wi- eiitrrtaiiuil the Toion .ind his 
 wife with punch made ot lonie <■<' our fpiritsi and 
 Captain Gore, with his wonted gtntrolity, made them 
 fome valuable prtfcnt^ : alter wh.ch, they retired to the 
 kitchen, leaving us in the other room; on the benches 
 of which we fprcad our brar-fkins, and fought a little 
 repofej having firll fett'ed with our comluctors to pro- 
 ceed on our journey, when the ground was judged to be 
 in a fuitable condition. The melancholy bowlings of 
 the dogs awakened u< about nine the fame evening. 
 During the whole time our baggage was lathing upon 
 the fledges, their horrid noife continued ; but, when 
 they were yoked, and prepared for travelling, a chear- 
 ful yelping fucceeded,. which ceafed the indant they 
 niarchedotf. We fhall here give our readers an accu- 
 rate defcription of a fledge brought over by Captain 
 King, and now in the poflelTion of Sir Alhton Lever. 
 The length of the body is about four feet and an half, 
 and the breadth one foot. It is made in the form of a 
 crcftent, of light tough wood, fattened together with 
 wicker work ; and, among the principal people, is ele- 
 gantly Aained with red and blue; the feat being co- 
 vered with furs or bear-lkins. It has four legs, about 
 two feet in height, reftingon two long flat pieces of 
 wood, of ihc breadth of five »r fix inches, extendfng a 
 foot beyond the body of the fledge, at each end. Thcfc. 
 turn up before, foinewhat like a fkait, and are (hod 
 » ith the bone of fbmc fea~animal. The carriage it or- 
 namented, at the fore part with tafTcIs of coloured cloth, 
 and leather thongs. It has a crofs bar, to which the 
 harnefs is joined ; and links of iron, or finall bells, arc 
 hanging to it, which, by the jingling, is fuppofed to 
 encourage the dogs. They feldom carry more than 
 one pcrlon at a time, who fits alide, with his feet on the 
 lower part of the Hedge, having his baggage and pro- 
 vifions. in a bundle behind him. The ulual number 
 of -dogs employed in drawing thii carriage, is five; 
 four of them yoked two and two, and the other adling 
 as leader. The reins, being fattened to the collar, in. 
 Head of the head, have no great command : and are 
 therefore ufually hung upon the fledge ; the driver de- 
 pending principally on their obedience to his voice. 
 Great care and attention are conrequently ufed in train- 
 ing up the leader, which frequently becomes very va- 
 luable on account of hit ttcadineU and dtKility; the 
 fum of forty roubles (or ten pounds) bcine no unufual 
 price for one of them. The rider hat alio a crooked 
 llickk anfwering thepur]K)fc both of whip and reinti 
 with which, by ttriking in the fnsw, he can regulate the 
 fpecd of the dogs, or even (lop them at hit pleaTure. 
 
 When they are inattentive to their duty, he often chaf- 
 tifei them by throwing it at them. The dexterity of 
 the riders, in picking thii ttick upjigain, it very re- 
 markable, and is the mott dillicult manoeuvre in the 
 exercifeof their profellion: nor is ir, indeed, furpriling 
 that they ftiould be fltilful in a praiflicc in which they 
 are fo materially interettedi for, thev afTured us, that if 
 a driver fhould happen to lofe his Itick, the dogs im- 
 mediately difcnver it I and, unlefs their Iciidcr is both 
 fteadyand refolute, they will inftantly fet off full fpcrd, 
 a>id never ftop till their ftrength is exhaufled i or till 
 the carriage is overturned and (iaflitd to pieces, or hur- 
 ried down a precipice, when all are buried in the fnow. 
 The accounts of the Ipeed of tliefc animals, and of the 
 hardfhips and fatigues they fuffer, would have appeared 
 incredible, had they not been fupi>ortcd by the greaidl 
 authority. We ourfelvet "were witncfTes of the extra- 
 ordinary expedition with which the meflengor re- 
 turned, who had been difpatchcd to Bolchcrctlk with 
 the news of our arrival at St, Peter and .St. Paul'n, 
 though the fnow was exceedingly foft. The Governor 
 of Kitmtfihatka afUiral us, that this journey was ufually 
 performed in two days and an half; apd (hat he h.id 
 once received an exprcfs from that hal^our in 13 hours. 
 Throughout the winter, the dogs are fed on the offals 
 of dried and flinking fiflii and, even this mifcrable 
 fooil IS withheld from them, a day befoiclhey lit out 
 on a journey; and they are not permitted to eat a morlcl 
 of any thing till they arrive at the end of ir. They 
 are frequently kept falling for two entire days, in whit f» 
 time they will perform a journey of great extent. The 
 ih^pc oi' thefe dogs refcmbles that of the Pomeranian 
 breed, but they are confiderably larger. 
 
 At we did not chufc' to rely upon our own fkill, w« 
 had each of us a man to condud the fledge, which, in 
 the condition the roads then were, proved a very labo- 
 rious buflnefs : for, as the thaw had been prevalent in 
 the vallies, through which was our regular road, wc 
 were obliged to travel along the li<les of the hills 1 our 
 guides being under the neceflity of fupporting the 
 fledges, on the lower fides, with their fiiouldcrs, for 
 many miles together. Mr. King was attended by a 
 gooa-natured CulTack, who was fo imperfei^l in his hu- 
 fincfs, that he was continually overturned, which af- 
 forded entertainment to his companions. The party 
 confitted of ten fledges in the whole. That which 
 conduced Captain Gore, was formed of two lafhed to- 
 gether, and was plentifully furnifhed with furs and bear- 
 flcint. It was drawn by ten dc^, yoked four abreatt ; 
 and thofe which were laded with heavy baggage, wer» 
 drawn by the fartie number. We had not proceeded 
 more than four miles on our journey, when it began to 
 rain, which, together with the darknefs of the night, 
 threw us into fome confufion. It was, after fome liitic 
 cohfultation, agreed, that we fliould continue where wc 
 wcrr,till day-light; we therefore feeured our fledges, 
 wrapped ourfelves up in furs, and waited patiently for 
 the morning. At three o'clock wc were fummoned to 
 proceed; our guides expreffing their apprehenliona, 
 that if we waited any longer, the thaw would perhaps 
 ftop ut, and prevent our advancing or returning. 
 Though we had many cliflicultici to encounter, owing 
 principally to the bad condition of the road, wo got 
 fafe to an oftrog about two in the afternoon. It it 
 called Natcheekin, and is fituated on a fmall ftream, 
 which falli into the Bolchoireka, at fome diftance te- 
 low the town. It is 25 miles from Karatchin ; which, 
 by their account, wc could have conipaffed in four 
 hours, had the froft continued; but the fnow wat fo 
 foft that the poor animals funk up to their bcllict aC 
 almort every ftep; and it was indeed furpriv.ing that they 
 (hould beapleto fupport themfelves under fo fatiguing 
 a journey. Thit inconfiderable oftrog confilU of one 
 log-houfe, the refidcnce of the Toion, one jourt, and 
 five balagaiu. We were received here with the fame 
 civility and hofpiulity as at Karatchin ; and, in the af- 
 ternoon, were condu<fled to a remarkable hot fpring, 
 at a fmall diftance from thit village. Before we came 
 very near it, we (aw a rifing Ream from it, as from a 
 
 boiling 
 
I 
 
 V. 
 
 M.!^^ 
 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 
 •*. 
 
 ill. 
 
 i\ 
 
. 
 
 6i4 
 
 Capt. C O O K '» VOYAGES C O M l» L E T E. 
 
 .1 
 
 I 
 
 niemhrancci, dm circumnancr rxcitnl in im. Thole 
 who h«vr Iwfn long abfent from thtir nativr rountry, 
 will nndily Cimrcive what incxprctlibic plrafurc fuch 
 trifling inciiirttti can give. 
 
 VVc had now qiiiticil the river, and the next part of 
 our journey Mai to be prrlornied on (Icdgeii but the 
 thaw had been fo ^rrat in the day-tiine, ai not to per- 
 ini( us to fet out, till the I'now was become hard and tirm 
 by the culdned of the evening. This furniflicd ui 
 with an opportunity of walking about the village, which 
 wai the only place in thii country, that we nad icen 
 free from fnnw. It wni lituatcd on a H.it, of about • 
 niilcand an h:ilf in circuit. The leaves of the trees 
 were jufl budding, .tiuI the vt-rdure was flronoty con- 
 trailed with the (iirroundiiig hiili, which remamed co. 
 vcrcd with fnnw. I'hc foil appearing to Ic capable of 
 producing common vegetables, we were furprized to 
 find that not a fput nf it was cultivated. Neither were 
 the inhabitants ix)irrired nf cattle nf any fort. In (hort, 
 their litiiation, during the winter months, mu(( be 
 wretched beyond conception. They were now remov- 
 ing from their jourts to their halagani, which gave us 
 an opportunity of ohferving both thefe forts ixf habita- 
 tions. The people invicrdus, very civilly, into their 
 huufcs I chearfulncfs and content were vilible in every 
 counti'n.ince, to which the approaching change of feafon 
 might pcihajis contribute. On returning to our hoO's, 
 fuppcr wai prc|iarrc1 for ii>, conlilling of the fame ar- 
 ticles which compoicd our Ibrmer repill. When we 
 had finiftu'dour meal, wr entcrtiiiiud the Tnion and his 
 wife with punch made ot tome <>f our fpirit.si and 
 Captain Gore, with his wonted gmc rnlity, made them 
 fome valiuhle prefcnti : affr whch, thry retired 'o the 
 kitchen, leaving us in the other room; on tlie benches 
 of w hich wc fprcad our brar-(Vins, and fought a little 
 rcpofej having M\ fctt'cd with our conductors to pro- 
 ceed on our journey, when the ground was judged to be 
 in a fuitable condition. The melancholy bowlings of 
 the dogs awakened us about nine the fame evening. 
 During the wliole time our bagi^age was lalliing upon 
 the fledges, their horrid noife continued i but, when 
 they were yoked, and prepared for travelling, a chear- 
 ful yelping fucrccded,. which ccafed the inllant they 
 marched off, Wc Ihall here give our readers an accu- 
 rate delcript ion of a fledge brought over by Captain 
 King, and now in the poflelTion of Sir Alhton Lever. 
 Ihc length of rhe body is about four feet and an half, 
 and ihc breaiUh one foot. It is made in the form of a 
 crefcent, of light tough wood, fattened together with 
 wicker work ; and, among the principal people, is ele- 
 gantly Aained with red and blue: the feat being co- 
 vered with furs or bear.fkins. It has four legs, aoout 
 two feet in height, reftingontwo long flat pieces of 
 wood, of the breadth of five or fix inches, extending a 
 foot beyond the body of the fledge, at each end. Thcfc 
 turn up before, foinewhat like a (Icait, and arc fliod 
 w ith the bone of (bme fea-animal. The carriage is or- 
 namented, at the fore part with taflcis of coloured cloth, 
 and leather thongs. It has a crofs bar, to which the 
 harnefs is joined ; and links of iron, or fmall bells, are 
 hanging to it, which, by the jingling, is fuppofed to 
 encourage the dogs. They feldom carry more than 
 oncpcrfon at a time, who iits alide, with his fcetonthe 
 lower part of the fledge, having his baggage and pro- 
 vifions, in a bundle behind him. The ufual number 
 of dogs employed in drawing this carriage, is fivej 
 four of them yoked two and two, and the other adling 
 as leader. The reins, being fattened to the collar, in. 
 Head of the head, have no great command : and are 
 therefore ufually hung upon the fledge ; the driver de- 
 pending principally on their obedience to his voice. 
 Great care and attention are confequeatly ufcd in train- 
 ing up the leader, w hich frequently becomes very va- 
 luable on account of his tteadincfs and docility; the 
 fum of forty roubles (or ten pounds) bcitw no unufual 
 price for one of them. Ihc rider has alio a crooked 
 llick^ anfwcrit^ thcpurpofc both of whip and reins; 
 with which, by Itriking in the fnsw. he can regulate the 
 fpeed of the dogs, or even Hop them at hii pleafure. 
 
 When they are inatteniive tf) their duty, he often chaf. 
 tifcs them by throwing it at them, 'ihe dexterity of 
 the riders, in picking this ftitk up.again, is very re- 
 markable, and is the nwitt ditfii ult manoruvre in the 
 cxcrcifcof their profrllinn: nor is it, indeed, furpriflng 
 that they (hould be Ikilful in a prac'lice in which ihev 
 ■re fo materially interrlled; for, thev afliired in. that if 
 a driver (hould happen to lofe his ttick, the dogs im. 
 mediately difcover it I and, unlefs their lender is both 
 fteady and refolute, they will inflanily fet off full fpcrd, 
 and never ftop till thrir ttrciigth is cxhaulled ; or ult 
 the carriage is overturned and dalhed to pierrs, or hur. 
 ried down a precipice, when all arc buried in the fnow. 
 The .ucountsof the fpeed of tliefe animals, and of the 
 hardfliips and fatigues they liiffer, would have ap|x-ared 
 incredible, had they not been fup|>orted by the greatrtl 
 authority. Wc ourfelves "were witncfl'cs of the extra- 
 ordinary expedition with which the meflengor re- 
 turned, who had been difp.itched to Bolchrictlk with 
 the news of our arrival at St, I'ctcr and .St. Paul's, 
 though the fnow was exceedingly foCr. The Governor 
 nf Kiiiiitfchatka afliiri^l us, that this jniiriu y was ufually 
 performed in two days and an half i .tjid that he had 
 once received an exprcfs from that hal^our in 23 hours. 
 Throughout the winter, the dogs arc fed on the offals 
 of dried and (linking fiftii and, even this milirable 
 footl is withheld from them, a ilay befoic they («t out 
 on a journey I and they are not permitted to eat a morlel 
 of any thing till they arrive at the end nf it. They 
 are frequently kept falling for two entire days, in whu b 
 time they will perform a joiirnry of great extent. The 
 fliajTC of thefe dogs refembles that of the Pomeranian 
 breed, but they are confiderably larger. 
 
 As we did not chufe'to rely upon our own (kill, »• 
 had each of us a man to condudt the flcilge, which, in 
 the condition the roads then were, proved a very labo- 
 rious buflnefs : for, as the thaw hail been prcv.iKnt in 
 the vallies, through which was our regular ro^d, we 
 were obliged to travel along the (ides of the hills 1 our 
 guides being under the ncceflity of funporting the 
 iledgcs, on the lower (ides, with their (lioulders, for 
 
 E miles together. Mr. King was attended by a 
 ■naturcd CuIIIk k, who was fo imperfei^l in his bu- 
 , that he was continually overturned, which af. 
 forded entertainment to his companions. The party 
 confittcd of ten fledges in the whole. That which 
 condudlcd Captain Gore, was formed of two lalhed to- 
 gether, and was plentifully furnilhed with furs and bear- 
 ikins. It was drawn by ten dogs, yoked four abrcafl; 
 and thofc whii h were laded with heavy baggage, wer» 
 drawn by the lame number. Wc had not proceeded 
 more than four miles on our journey, when it began to 
 rain, which, together with the darknefs of the night, 
 threw us into fome confuiion. It was, after fome little 
 confultation, agreed, that we (hould continue where we 
 were, till day-light; we therefore fecured our fledges, 
 wrapped ourfelves up in furs, and waited patiently for 
 the morning. At three o'clock we were (ummoncd to 
 proceed; our guides exprelfing their apprehenliont, 
 that if wc waited any longer, the thaw would perhaps 
 ftop us, and prevent our advancing or returning. 
 Though we had many difliciiltits to encounter, owing 
 principally to the bad condition of the road, wc got 
 fafe to an oftrog about two in the afternoon. It is 
 called Natcheckin, and is (ituatcd on a fmall ftream, 
 which falls into the Bokhoircka, at (onjc diftancc l*- 
 low the town. It is 25 miles from Karatchin ; which, 
 by their account, wc could have compalTcd in fmir 
 hours, had the froft continued; but the fnow was fo 
 foft that the poor animals funk up to their bcllicj at 
 almoft every ftep; and it was indeed furpri/ing that they 
 (hould bcapletp fupport themfelves under fo fatiguing 
 a journey. This inconfiderablc oftrog confdls of one 
 Jog-houfe, the refidencc of the Toion, one jourt, and 
 five balagatu. Wo were received here with the fame 
 civility and hofpitality as at Karatchin ; and, in the af- 
 ternoon, wel-e conduiftcd to a remarkable hot fpring, 
 at a fmall diftancc from this village. Before we came 
 very near it, we few a riling Ream from it, as from a 
 
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COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 6'S 
 
 •."1 
 
 
 boiling caldron; and, when we approaclied it, we per- 
 ceived a rtronjT fulphureous effluvia. A bafon of about 
 three feet in diameter, is formed by the main (pring; 
 bciides which, there are Tevcral leflcr fprings, of equal 
 heat, in ihe adjacent ground; by which means thtf 
 whole fpot.conlifting of about an acre, was fo very hot 
 that we could not remain two minutes in the fame place. 
 The water iffuing from thefc fprings, fupplics a fmall 
 bathing pond, and afterwards a little rivulet, which con- 
 ducts It into the river, at the didance of about 150 
 yards. Great cures, they informed us, had been ef- 
 licdled by this bath, in rhcumatifms, fcorbutic ulcers, 
 fwclled and contraiflcd joints, and many other difordcrs. 
 Where theft- fprings How, the ground is on a gentle 
 afcent ; having a green hill of a moderate (ize behind it. 
 Some plants fccmed to thrive heiewith great luxuriance, 
 among which we ohfcrvcd the wild garlick. 
 
 Monday, the loth, in the morning, we embarked on 
 the Bolchoirecka ; and, going with the flrcam, expefted 
 to arrive at our journey "s end the following day. Though 
 Bolcheretfk is 80 miles from Natcheekin, we were in- 
 formed, that, in the fummer, when the mehing of fnow 
 en the mountains has rendered the river full and rapid, 
 the canoes have often gone there in a (ingle day : but 
 now they told u* we fliould be much longi r, the ice hav 
 ing broken up only three days before our arrival, and 
 cur's being the firfl boat that had attempted to pafs. 
 There was but too much truth in this intelligence; for 
 wc wi'M' ;ireat}y impeded by the (hallows; and, though 
 the ftrcam was rapid in many places, we frequently had 
 ripplings and Ihoals, and were under the nccclTity of 
 hauling the boats over them. On each fide ot the 
 river, the country was romantic, but not diverfified; 
 the courfc of it being between craggv moujitains, of a 
 moft dreary and barren afpc(5l ; with nothing to vary 
 the fccnce, except now and then the fight of a bear, or 
 a flock of \»ild-!owl. This, and the following night, 
 we llept under our marquee, on the banks of the river, 
 and futFercd greatly from the fevcrity of the weather. 
 
 Wedncfday the 12th, at dav-light, we had palTedthe 
 mountains, and wei«e proceeamg through a low exten- 
 five plain, on which were a number of fhrubby trees. 
 At nine in the morning, we reached an ol^rog, called 
 Opatchin,of about the fame magnitude as Karatchin, 
 and (uppofcil to be 50 miles from Natcheekin. A fer- 
 jcant and four Ruffian foldiers had been here two 
 days, waiting for our arrival ; who indantly difpatched a 
 light boat to Bolcheretfk to give intelligence of our ap- 
 proach. A magnificent canoe, plentifully furniflied 
 ■with (kins and furs, was prepared for our reception, 
 and we n ere very commodioudy equipped ; but our fel- 
 low-travellers were excluded. It gave us fomc con- 
 cern to be feparated from our old companion Mr. Port, 
 who daily grew more fhy and dillant, as we drew nearer 
 to the completion of our journey. He acknowledged, 
 indeed, before we fet out, that he was not entitled to the 
 refped we had flicwnhimj but, finding him difcrcet, 
 and not prefuming, we had infilled on His faring as we 
 did, throughout the journey. We performed the re- 
 mainder of our p.i(ragc, with the utmoU eafe and ex- 
 pedition ; for as we defcended, the river grew more ra- 
 pid, and had very few obl^rudiions. On our approach- 
 mg Kamtfchatka, wc iudged, from an appearance of 
 
 Sfreat llir and buftle, that our reception was to be in 
 orm. This circumftance was difagreeable to us, as 
 decent cloathing had long been fcarce among ug; and 
 our traveling habits formed a rtrange adcmblagc of the 
 modes of India, Europe, and KamtYchatka. To make 
 a parade 'through the me'ropolis in this motley trim, 
 wc thought would appeir ridiculous; and, as we ob- 
 ferved a crowd of jpeopli: colleded on the banks of the 
 river, and were informed that the commander would 
 receive us at the water-fit'c, we (lopped at the houfe of 
 a foldier, about a quarter if a mile before we came to 
 the town. Here we difpatched Mr. Port with a mefTagc 
 to his excellency, acquainting him, that, as foon as we 
 had put off our travelling drefTes, we would attend 
 him at hisown houfe to pay our rcfpcds to him; and 
 mtreatcd him not to think of waiting to condudl us. 
 He perfiflcd, however, in hi* KfoJution of paying us 
 
 this compliment, and we immediately proceeded to 
 join him at the entrance of the capital. V\'e Were all 
 remarkably awkward and defective in making our firft 
 falutations ; not having been accuflomed to bowing and 
 fcraping, for at leaft two years and an half. The com- 
 mander received us in a mod engaging manner ; but 
 wc had the mortification to difcover, that he had almoft 
 wholly forgot the French language ; fo that only Mr. 
 Weboer had the fatisfadion of convcrling with him, as 
 he fpoke the Gdtman, which was his native tongue. 
 Major Behm was accompanied by Captain ShmalofF, 
 the next in cornmand, and another olliccr; the whole 
 body of merchants attended alfo. We were conduced 
 to the commander's houfe, where wc were politely and 
 refpedfully received by his lady; who had prepared 
 tea and other refredimcnts for us. The firft compli- 
 ments being o\er, Captain Gorcdilircd Mr. Webl)tr to 
 acquaint the Major, that we were did relied for want of 
 naval ftores, frclh provifions, limn, and other neccllU- 
 rics; and that wc were convinced vvcconid not rccci\e 
 much alTirtancc from him, in the country about Awadka 
 Bay, from what we had already (Icn and heard ; that 
 the impo(ribility of conveying heavy Iforcs over the 
 pcninfula, at that fcafon, we were but too fcniible of, 
 iVom the diflicultics wc had encountered in our jour- 
 ney ; and that we could not dckiy the profccution of 
 our voyage, to wait for any material change. 1 Icre the 
 Major interrupted Mr. Webber, by obferving, that wc 
 knew not what they were capable of doing ; that he 
 (hould not bedow a thought upon the didiculties of fup- 
 plying our wants: he only wilhed to know what arti- 
 cles we ftood in need of, and the time he could be al- 
 lowed for procuring them. After expreding our ac- 
 knowledgments for his obliging condefcenlion, wc pre- 
 fented him an account of the naval ftores, cattle, and 
 dour, we were direded to purchafc; and informed 
 him, that we intended to profccutc our voyage about 
 the 5th of June. After this, the convcrfation became 
 more general, and it might naturally be fuppofcd, that 
 we were anxious to obtain fome information rcfpeiting 
 our native country. Having been three years a blent, 
 wc entertained the mod Hattering expedations, of re- 
 ceiving fome interefting intelligence from Major Bchm ! 
 but we were greatly dilappointcd, when he alRired us, 
 that he could not communicate any intclli};;cnce of a 
 much later date than that of our quitting England. 
 The commander, fuppofing we might bi? fatigued, and 
 dedrous of repofc, begged leave to condud u:; to our 
 lodgings, at about fevcn o'clock. It was ufelefs to 
 proteftagaind a compliment, to which wc had no other 
 title than that of being drangers. That alone, with 
 this generous Livonian, was fulFicicnt to counterbalance 
 every other confideration. In going along, we palTed 
 two guard- houfes, where the men were underarms, in 
 compliment to Captain Gore, and were conduded to a 
 neat decent houfe, which the Major had appointed for 
 our refidencc, while we continued at Kamtfchatka. 
 We had two fentinels ported at our door, and a fer- 
 jeant's guard in an adjoining houfe. Having difpofed 
 of us in our apartments, the Major took his leave, pro- 
 mifing to vifit us the next day. We were now at lei- 
 fureto difcover theconveniencies which he had amply 
 provided for us. Our fellow traveller, Mr. Port, ani 
 a foldier, of a rank between that of a ferjcant and a 
 corporal, (called a pulproperfckack) were fixed upon 
 to be our male domedics. We had alfo a houfckeepcr, 
 and a cook, who were ordered to obey Mr. Port's di- 
 rcdions in drelTing us a fupper, after the Englidi mode 
 of cookery. In the courfe of the evening, we were fa- 
 voured with a number of civil medages, from the 
 principal inhabitants of the town, politely obfcrvinr, 
 that their attending to pay their refpeds to us at that 
 time, would add to our fatigties, but they would tio 
 themfelves that honour the next morning. Such atten- 
 tion and politcnefs, in fo uncultivated and defolate .1 
 country, formed a contrail highly in favour of its inha- 
 bitants; and, in addition to their civility, atiun-fet, the 
 ferjeant brought the report of his guard to Captain Gore. 
 In the morning of the 13th, coniplinwnts were fcnt 
 us by the Major, Capuin iihmalcfi'. and the mud re- 
 
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 Capt 
 
 COOK 
 
 • VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 fpceUbIc people of the town, from all whom we were 
 honoured with vifits foon after. The two former hav- 
 ing, after we had retired to reft, enquired of Mr. Port 
 what articles we Itood in the greaceft need of on board 
 the (hipt ; they in(illed on our iharing with their gar- 
 rifon, in the rmall ftock of provifions they had then re- 
 maining; lamenting, at the fame time, that our arri- 
 val fliould happen to be in that fcafon of the year, when. 
 fcarcity reigned univerfally among themt the floopi 
 trom Okotfk not boing )'rt arrived with their annual 
 fupply. We thankfully accepted the liberal offer of 
 thefe hofpitable (trnngcrs; on condition, however, that 
 we (hould be made acquainted with the price of the ar- 
 ticles we received from them, that Caotain Gierke 
 might draw upon the Vidualliiw OfHce, m London, 
 for the amount. This was refuted in the moft {lofitive 
 terms ; and, though repeatedly urged, the Major al- 
 ways (topped us (hort, by faying, that his milhcfi 
 would be highly gratified at his rencKring every afliftance 
 in his power to the Englifh, wh» are her good friends 
 and allies; and that it would give hera peculiar fatiifiiAion 
 to find, that, in fuch remote regions, her dominioiu 
 had atibrded any relief to vefTels engaged in fuch im- 
 portant fcrvices. He added, that he could not. there- 
 fore, a(ft fo contrary to the principles of his Emprefs, as 
 to think of receiving'any bills ; but, if we inlifled on 
 it, we might give him a bare certificate of the articles 
 he might fupply us with, which he would tranfmit to 
 the court of Ruflia, as evidence of having performed 
 his duty. All farther acknowledgments, continued he, 
 muft be fubmittcd to the two courts ; but you niufl ex- 
 cufe me from acceding to your propofal. This nutter 
 being adjufled, he requefted to be informed refpe^ing 
 our private wants, faying he (hould confider it as offer- 
 ing him an affront, if we applied to any of the mer- 
 chants, or had dealings with any other perfon except 
 himfelf. 
 
 Not having it in our power to make an adequate 
 return for fuch lingular generofity, ' he had only our 
 thanks and admiration. At this moment, Mr. King 
 rccolleded. that Captain Clfrke had fent by him a fct 
 of the engravings to Capuin Cook's fecond voyage, de- 
 (iring him to prefent it, in his name, to the comman- 
 der. Nothing could have been more acccpnble to him 
 than this prefent, the Major being an enthufiaft in all 
 matters relative to difcoveries. Captain Clerke had 
 alfo given Mr. King a difcretionary power, ofjpcrmit- 
 ting the commander to fee a chart of the difcoveries 
 nude in the prefent voyage; and. judging from his fi- 
 tuation and difpofition of mind, that he would be 
 highly gratified by fuch a communication! though, 
 from motives of delicacy, he had only afked a few gene- 
 ral qucftions on the fubjedt, Mr. King repoled in him 
 that confidence, which his whole condudl lb juftly me- 
 rited. He felt this compliment as it wu internxd he 
 (hould, and was f>ruck at beholding, 'in one view, the 
 whole of that coafl on the fide of Afia and America, 
 which his countr)'men had been fo long employed in 
 acquiring an impcrfe<ft knowledge of. Except this 
 nurk of coirfidence, and the fet of copper-plates al- 
 ready mentioned, we had nothing with us dcierving of 
 his acceptanrr ; for it was hardly worth noticing, that 
 Mr. King pi\ > ailed on his fon (who was quite a youth) 
 to accept of a lilver watch ; and contributed to his lit- 
 tle daughter's happinefs, by prefcnting her with two 
 pair of ear-rings, of French paftc. He alfo gave Cap- 
 uin ShmalefT the thermometer which he had ufed on 
 his journey, when he engaged to keep a regifler of the 
 temperature of the air for one whols year, and to tranf- 
 .mit it to Mr. Muller, with whom he wai actpainted. 
 This day we dined at tl)e commander's, who, ever (lu- 
 llibus to gratify our cnrioftty, had prepared variety of 
 difhes dreffcd after the Ruffian and Kamtfchadak man- 
 ner, bcfides a number of others in the Engiilh f^le. 
 In the afternoon, we took a furvey of the town, and the 
 adjacent country. The fituation of Bolcherctik is in a 
 low fwampy plain, extending to the fea of Okotfli, 
 being about 40 miles in ienstn. and of a confidcraye 
 breadth. It lies north of the Bok:hoi-rrka, («- great 
 jiver) and on a peninfula, which has ,bccn fcparated 
 
 from the continent by a large canal, under the direc- 
 tions of the prefent commander t which has added 
 (trength to it as a fortrefs, and rendered it much Icb 
 fubjcct to inundations. The depth of the river, be. 
 low the town, is from fix to eight feet, and the breadth 
 about a quarter of a mile. At the diflance of 22 milci^ 
 it empties Itfelf into the fca of Okotfk. where it is ca- 
 pable of admitting pretty large vciTels. No corn, of 
 any kind, is cultivated in this part of the country ; an<f 
 the Major alfurtd us, that his was the only gatdcii that 
 had been planted. In general, the earth was covered 
 with fnow; the parts which were free from it, were fuB 
 of black turfy hillocks. We faw about so or 30 cows, 
 and the commander had fix good horfcs.' Thcfc, and 
 their dogs, are their only tame animals : being obligcil 
 to keep a great number of the latter, they can rear onljr 
 fuch cattle as area match for them in Orength and fize. 
 For, during the whole of the fummer feafon, the dogs 
 are tumedloofc, to provide entirely for themfctves; arul 
 are fometimes fo ravenous, that thry will even venture 
 to attack the bulloc ks. 
 
 In Bolcherctfk the buildings are all in the fame 
 flyle; they confid of logs of wood, and are thatchedL 
 The Major's houfc is cohfidcrahly larger than the re^ 
 and has three capacious rooms, neatly papered; but 
 the talc, which covered the windows, gave them a diC- 
 agreeable and mean appearance. The town confilb <d 
 low buildings, in rows of five or fix habitations each, 
 conncded together by a palTage extending the whole 
 length of thcin; having the kitchen and (lorc-houfeoa 
 one fide, and the dwelling apartments on the other.. 
 There are alfo barracks for the Ruflian foldiers and col^ 
 facks I a tolerable church ; a court-room ; and, at the 
 end of the town, a number of Balagans. The number 
 of the inhabitants is between five and fix hundred. A 
 handfome entertainment was given by the Major, in 
 the evening, to which were invited all the refpcdtable 
 inhabitants of both fexes. The next day we made a 
 private upplication to Fedofitch, the merchant, in or- 
 der to purchafe fome tobicco] the failors having been 
 without that favourite commodity for upwards of a 
 year. This, however, like other fimihr tranfadton^ 
 came immediately to the knowledge of the comman- 
 der; and, in a very fliort time after, we were furprizel 
 to find four bags of tobacco in our houfe, each contain- 
 ing upwards of 100 pounds; which the Major re- 
 quefied might be prcfented to our failors, in his nam^ 
 and that of the garrifon under his conunand. By the 
 fame conveyance, we received 30 loaves of fugar, anJ 
 as many pounds of tea, which thev requcfied the offi- 
 cers to accept of; as ihey underfiood that we were almot 
 deftitute of^thofe articles. A prefent was alfo fent bf 
 Madame Behm, for Captain Clerke, which confificdiif 
 honey, butter, figs, rice, and other articles; accompa- 
 nied with her belt wifhes, that, in his infirm (tate, tdef 
 might prove fcrvicpable to him. We fircnuouily en- 
 deavoured to oppofe this profufion of bounty, and were 
 extremely anxious to refirain it ; fully convinced that 
 they w.:;c giving us almoft the whole flock of their gar- 
 rifon. But the anfwer we received from the Major, on 
 thefe occafions, generally was. That he had been in diA 
 trefs himfelf, and he was fcnlible that we mull now be 
 in that fituation. The length of time, indeed, Cnce we 
 had touched at any known port, appeared to tl.« in al- 
 moft incredible, and feemed to require the cviJcnce of 
 our maps, and other concurrent circumftantcs, to ob- 
 tain their credit. Among the latter, wc ftjall mention 
 a curious faft, which Major Behm related to us this 
 mornii^ and which he faid he fliould not have known 
 how to account for, but for our arrival. Among the 
 people ol the north of Alia, it is well known, that the 
 Tfchutfki only have maii.tained their independence; 
 and reliftcd all the rrtbrts of the Ruffians to reduce 
 them. The lalt attempt was in 1750, and. alter variety 
 of temporary advantages on each lidc, the Ruflian for* 
 ces retreated, after having loft their commanding offi- 
 cer. The Rulfians afterwards removed their frontier 
 fortrefs, from the Aiudyr to the Ingiga. a river which 
 runs into the nonhern extremity of the lea of Okotflt, 
 and gives it> name to a gulph, weft of that of l\a- 
 
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COOK'S THIRD ind LAST VOYAGE— To the PAQFIC OCEAN, &c. 617 
 
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 ihitiH' On the dff of our iitrl^'itt Bolchcredk. the 
 Major had receiTed difbatchei fttnVt ^his feR. acquaint- 
 ing nim, thatj^pvty or the Tfchutlki had arrived there, 
 wuh viduntir^ oflbrt of fricridthip and a tribute. That, 
 on aikiitt the caufi! of fo unexpected an alteration in 
 Cheir ftmknenti, riiey had acquainted hi« people, that . 
 (WO hm Rvflhn dmo h4d vifited them, tq#i^ the 
 end oTthe preceding flimmer; thkt thnf^^ hAd been 
 Itewn the sreatelf kindheft by the ptople whb werr in 
 (hem, and had entered into a league of amitjr witft* 
 dieini and that, in conftqucncc of this, they came to 
 the Ruffian fort, in order to fettle a treaty upon ternia 
 agretable to both nations. Thit rcmaHcable nie had 
 «ven rife to much fpeculation, both at IngWnflt and 
 'Bolchefetlks and mud have remained utterly unimel- 
 ngibie, had it not been clucfdkied by lift. It was nil 
 fmall fatiifiiAton to u>, to have thua fhewn the Ruf- 
 fians, even by accident, the belt method of collediing tri- 
 bute, and extending their dominions t >n hopes chat the 
 good underftanding, which this event has produced, 
 may refcue a brave people from fuch powerful invaders. 
 This day beii^ Friday, the 1 4th, we were engaged to 
 dine with Captam Shmalcif, who, in order to vary our 
 amurcinents. entertained us with an exhibition of danc- 
 ing, in the Ruflian and Kamtfchadalc nv\f. It is iro- 
 podibleto convey an adequate idea of this uncouth ex- 
 nibition. The ngure of the Ruillan dance, refembled 
 thofe of our hornpipes, and confiftcd of one, two, or 
 four performers at a time. Their ftcps were exceed- 
 ingly (hort and quicic, their feet being raifed bat a very 
 little way from the ground t their arms were hung down 
 dofe to the (ides, the body being kept, the whole time, 
 ereA and imitMvcabIc, except when the performers 
 pafTed each other, when the hand was fuddcniy raifed 
 with an awkward motion. But, if the Rudlan dance 
 was unmeaning and ridiculous, the Kamtfchadale was 
 infinitely more fo. The principal aim, in their pcr- 
 fbrmances, is to reprefcnt the clumfy gedures of the 
 bear, which the inhabiunts of this couQtry have fre- 
 quent opportunities of obfcrving in various Ittuations. 
 To defenbe the awkward podures, exhibited on thefe 
 occafions, wtAild appear tedious and uninterefling. In 
 
 Eneral, however, the body was bowed, and the knees 
 nt, whilft the arms were employed in imitating the 
 motions of that awkward animal. Much time had 
 been fpent in our journey to Bolcheretlk, and being 
 informed that our return might, perhaps, be more dil- 
 ficuU and tedious, we were obliged to acquaint the 
 Major this evening, with our intention of departing the 
 next day. We could not think of leaving our new ac- 
 quaintance without regret: and were agreeably fur- 
 prized, when the Major promifed to accompany us, if 
 we would (lay but one day longer. He told us, that 
 he had made up his difpatches, and reflgned the com- 
 nund of Kamtfchatka to Captain ShmalefT; having 
 made the necellary preparations for his departure to 
 Okot(k, which wu (nortly to ukc place; but that he 
 fhould be happy in poflponins his journey, and attend, 
 ingvs to St. Peter and St. nul's, in order to be fatis- 
 fira, that nothing which could be done to fcrve us, 
 ihoufci be omitted. For the articles which Mr. King 
 had given to the Major's children, he received, the next 
 morning, a mod nugniflcent Kamtfchadale dre&, fuch 
 as the principal Tnions wear on the mc(l folemn occa- 
 fions. This habit, as we were informed by Fedolitfch, 
 inuft have cod, at lead, 1 30 roubles. He alfo, at the 
 fame time, was prefented with a handfome fable muff, 
 as a prcfin^t from his daughter. 
 
 Saturday, the i jth, we dined with the commander, 
 who, willing to give us an opportunity of feeing aa 
 much as we coula of the manners and cudoms of the 
 country, invited all the principal inhabitants of the 
 town, to his houfe this evening. The drefTes of the 
 women were fplendid, after the Kamtfchadale manper. 
 Captaid ShnuueiTs lady, and the wives of the othin- 
 oRicersof thegarrifon. were drefTcd in a pretty u(te» 
 partly in the Siberian, and partly in the Eurepeaa 
 mode. Madame Behm, in particular, apoeated in • 
 grand European drefs. The richnda tm Wuxf tit 
 
 No. 75. 
 
 thefiMawombythewonnen.as well as ih* (Ingularitv 
 of Ihchr drrfb, waa very ftrilcing: and the whole hail 
 the airof fosnc enchanted fcene, in the midd of the 
 moft deftn add dreary country in the univcrfc. 1 h« 
 entertainmenia of this night were dancing and (insing. 
 
 I As Wf had fixed upon the next morning tor our ttepati 
 Aire,' w«miMt early to our apaitmcnti, where tiilw! 
 MvcUiNMMdia prefented thcmrdves to our view, made 
 aftef thHRtontfchadale mode, which had been providcdl 
 fbrbe bythe ceinmander. He came to us himfflf 
 fbon afterilofcc that proper care was taken in packine 
 up our things. We had, indeed, no inconlidefable load 
 of baggage I for, exchifiveof hialiberal prefcna,Gip^ 
 tain ShmalefT, and Ibveral other individuals, (hewed M 
 many indancea of kindnefs and generofity. On the 
 i6th, eirly in' the morning, we were preparing for ou# 
 departiire, when we were invited to take our leave of 
 Madame Behm, in our pafiage to the boats. Already 
 impreflbd with fentiroents of the warmed gratitude, 
 for the benevolent and generous treatment we had n^ 
 eeivcd at BOicheretfk, they were much heightened b|l 
 the afie^ng'fcene which followed. On quitting out 
 apaitmems, wefaw all the foldiers and cofTaCkior the 
 
 Iorrifon drawn up on one fide ; and, on the other, weee all 
 the male inhabiunts of 'the town, in their bed cloathing 1 
 the whole body of the people joining in a roelaachMjP 
 fong, which, we were informed; it was ufual to fld||^os» 
 the dcpanure of friends. Thus wc marched tiU we ara 
 rived at the commander'a houfib, preceded by the drum* 
 and mufic belonging to the gafrifon. Here we wcire 
 received by Madame Behm, accompanied by feveral 
 ladies, habited in long filk cloaks, lined with furs of 
 various colours; formmg a mod fplendid appearances 
 Having partook of fomc refredimem which had been 
 provided for us, we proceeded to the water-lide, at- 
 tended by the ladies, who joined with the rcA of the 
 people in the fong ; and, having taken leave of Ma- 
 dame Behm, after alfuring her that the fcnfe of the hof- 
 pitality of Bolcheretlk, would be indelible in our hearts, 
 we were too much atfciled not to haden into the boats. 
 At putting off, we received three cheers, which we im- 
 mediately returned; and, on doubling a point, where 
 we lad beheld our friendly entertainers, they dill added 
 to our feelings, by a farewel cheer 1 On our return, the 
 dream was foexcecdii^ly rapid, that, not withdanding 
 the utmoft exertions of^our condudtors, wc did not ar- 
 rive at the fird village, Opatchin. till the 17th in the 
 evening, which did not exceed the rate of 20 miles a 
 day. On the 1 9th, we reached Natcheekin, and croffed 
 the plain to Karatchin on the aoth. The road was in 
 much better order than when we paffed it before, as it 
 froze fmanly in the night of the 1 9th. We proceeded 
 down the Awatflta river on Friday, the a 1 d, and palled 
 over the fhoals, at the entrance of the bay, before it 
 was dark. During the whole of our journey, we were 
 highly plofed with the willingnefs and alacrity, with 
 which the Toions and their Kamti'chadales alTidcd us at 
 the different odrogs. On feeing tie Major, joy ap- 
 peared in every countenance; and they were much af- 
 h&ed upon being informed that he would ihortly leav« 
 them. A meffenger had been difpatchcd from Bolche- 
 retflt to Captain Llerke, acquainting him with the na- 
 ture of our reception; and that the Major intended to 
 accompany us on our return; apprizing him, at the 
 fame lime, of the day ne might exped us. We ob- 
 ferved, with pleafure, rt we approached the harbour, 
 all our boats coming towards us. The men were all 
 clean, and the officers as well arrayed as their ward- 
 robes would then permit them to be. The Major was 
 druck at the healthy appearance of our failors, and waa 
 furprized to fee that mainr of them had no other cover- 
 ing than afhirtand trow/en, though it aduallyfnowed 
 at that very indant. Major Behm had expreffed an in- 
 clination to vifit the fhip before he landed ; but, being 
 informed that Captain Qerke was extremely ill, he 
 thought it would be improper to Jidurb him at fo late 
 aithMin it being then after nine o'clock. Mr. King 
 1 theitf bit atteoded him to the ferjeant's houfe. and at> 
 I towaida went cm bpatd to communicate to Captain 
 \ 1^ Clcrke 
 
 I 
 
 -II 
 
6i8 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAG&S C O. W I' L B T H. 
 
 no) 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i. 
 
 n 
 
 Gierke what had happened M Bokherctik. Hr !»M 
 much concerned to find that, during bia,«bAii«<^ %iu^ 
 officer't health wai confiderably impnircok inftew <» 
 growing better, ai we flattered ourrdvetil might, froiA 
 undifturbcd rcpofe in the harbour, and i^ntilk ind vc- 
 geubie diet. The next nwming, Mr. JUng (itaam^ti 
 the Major to tho fliipat where he w«i nceiy<d wifh* 
 tnry pofliblc t.i/rk <r diftinAion, and Alui^jwith ij^ 
 guni. He wa> attcniied by the commftmlffpl # tbjf- 
 nan nlliot. two ni<rchanti from Bolchcre^, ■ mJRfiT 
 of a (loop, and the prieft of the vi" m of Enstminau 
 Having vifited the Captain .m taken a view of the 
 twofluiM, he retuTiMd.to tlKte on board the Rcfolu- 
 tion. In the courfe of the ttftcmo^n, the cuMfifiitie^ 
 which wc had qolledcd wen (hewn him. «nd an •ITorVr 
 ■wnt pf each article prefcnted to him by Captain 
 Qcrke. Here wc cannot fupprcfi an inlbuice of great 
 geoerofity and gratitude in our failcnt who, being in- 
 formed of the himdrome prcfcnt which had been m«de 
 them by the Mfi^r, vpluntarily rcqucftcd that, tfi^r 
 
 CgioB might be withheld, and theirallQwaoceof fpiri^ 
 eientcato the garrifon of BokhcretflQi (tying t^eyi 
 ew brandy was extremely fcafcc in that country, t^c 
 foldicra on fliore having oifered four rouble* a book 
 lor it. We could not but admire thii extraordinary 
 IJKriBce, knowing how niitch the failon felt, when 
 abi^teed or deprived of iilKir gm. Indeed* they 
 Bcvcrnad that article withheld /com mem but in warm 
 weather* that they might enjoy .-« grnter proportion 
 when itr was moHt nec«l|<|ry ; but this generous propo- 
 (al would deprive them of it, even m the inclement 
 taCon we had naturally to cxpeC^ in our northern expe- 
 dition. The officers, however, would not permit them 
 to fuffer by their gcnerolity, and fubOitutcd, in th« 
 room of the fmall quantity of brandy, which the Ma- 
 jor confcnted to accept, an equal quantity of rum. 
 A dozen or two of Cape uinc for Madame Behm, and 
 Ibme other triHing prcfcnts which we were enabled to 
 make, were accepted with great politenefs. The to- 
 bacco was didributcd the next mornmg, among the 
 crews of both vcflcis ; every man that chewed or fmokcd 
 tobacco being allowed three pounds, and the others who 
 did not, only one. We have already obferved that the 
 Major had refigned the command of Kamtfchatka, and- 
 was fpeedily tocrepair to Petcrlbuighi and he now ex- 
 prc(red his willingnefs to convey any difpatches we 
 might chufe to commit to his care. Such an oppor- 
 tunity was not to be ncglcifted ; and Captain Clerke re- 
 queued him to take the charge of fomc papers relative 
 to our voyage, to the Britilh Ambaflador at the Ruflian 
 court. At firll, we intended to tranfmit only a con- 
 cife journal of our proceedings! but, after mature con- 
 fideration. Captain Clerke was of opinion, that the 
 whole account of our difcoveries might fafely be com. 
 miued to the care of a man, who had given the (Irongefl 
 proofs of probity and virtue. Conlidering alfo, that a 
 Very hazardous part of the voyage was ilill to be per. 
 formed, he rcfolved to fend, by him, the whole of Cap- 
 uin Cook's journal ; together with his own, from the 
 death of that commander, till our arrival at Kamtf- 
 chatka t and >!'<> > chart of our difcoveries. Mr. 
 Bayly and Mr. King alfo determined to fend an account 
 of our proceedings to the board of longitude. From 
 thcfc precautions, had any accident befallen u«, the 
 Admiralty would have become poirciTcd of the prin- 
 cipal fadts of our voyage. It was farther refolved, that 
 a finaller piickct (houl^ be difpatchcd from OkptiV, 
 which the Major fuppofed would reach Pcter(buigh by 
 Uecember; and that he expo<Acd to arrive there him- 
 felf in February or March. The Major was eait,^- 
 tained alternately in the two Oiips, as well M we i^ere 
 able, the three following tlays. On Thurfday, the asth, 
 he departed, and was fa^utcd with 13 gunst the failors, 
 at their own requcA. exprefling their regard for bim |)y 
 tiiiicc cheers. Mr, Kmg and Mr. Weliber i|ttendfld, 
 him, the next morning, fomc few miles up the AwatQpi 
 river, where the Ruffian pricll and his fau^ilv JKf jp 
 waitins to bid a lad adieu to their commander. '.wlofp' 
 
 mp(t ajfcard. 'Pia^ our acquiintantf fui^ bc«n of 
 
 higniia cilccra for him « and wc CouldMtpM^/bcfhapi' 
 rat ifT«r) with onc,t9 whom we wcre,^lJJftx,(i^cJhJiUini\e 
 Qt^intioiUrWitboMC indulging the moft tcnclfr?lceTinas. 
 Kxcju(|vc r' -^^ '»— -Tti-t —.--I-- -..-, L.. . . «*'- 
 
 rici^toai 
 fenuMl 
 
 sina thc^onouf of hii fty^- 
 itlcd to our admlnitiqi^ as pe 
 
 Vnepv wie wcte|ibab|f tp requite, 
 li^ffhinlf^r^ OMunrainiog ' 
 *^Wh}}^M9>^ tnore ehtittcid 
 WM, ;auked bjr (Tcptimenu the ;p9ft iioWellnd enn 
 larned. Theftnrice in which wc were, engaged. Ha 
 told us. was fbrihegeOcraJibeAeiit oT mankind, and 
 enutlod us to the oflkes of humanity, and the privilegca 
 asiWWuin whatever cbuntiT wc might be driven.' 
 Tha^ by attbrding us fuch relief as was Jn, his pqwcr, 
 ^j»m certain t«»t he was, aiding agreeably to the 
 wifiics of hiscmprefst and that he cnuldnqt' fo en- 
 tircly forget her charadler, or his own honour, as to bar- 
 ter for the performance of a duty. Among other 
 thinKs, he faid, he made a particular point of fctting a 
 good example to the Kamtfchadalos* who were juH 
 emcreing from a (late of barbarifm 1 that tl)ey coof!- 
 dcreq the RulHans as their patterns, in every rcfpedl j 
 aiid that he hoped they would, in future, think it a duty 
 incumbent on them to render (Grangers cvciy alTiflancc 
 in their power, and believe it to be the univerfal prac- 
 tice of all polilhed and civilized nation^. The Major 
 having, fo far as he was capable, relieved our prelent 
 diftrclles, he was not unmindful of our future wants; 
 and, imagining wc (hould not be able to difcover the 
 paflagc we were in fcarch of, and that wc (hould return 
 to Kamtfchatka; he procured from Captain CIcrkc, the 
 particulars of what Hour and cordngc he (Imtild want, 
 piomifing to fend them from Okotlk, to wait our ar- 
 rival. He alfo prefcnted the Captain with a written 
 paper, enjoining every Ruffian fubjed toa(fift us to the 
 utmoft of their abilities. Having thus given a narra- 
 tive of the journey of our party to, and their return 
 from Bolcheret(k, their reception there, and the depar- 
 ture of Major Behm, we (hall now recount the tranf- 
 adions which palTed at Petropaulowlka during our ab- 
 fence. 
 
 On Friday, the 7th of May, not long after we had 
 quitted the oay of Awat(ka, a great piece of ice drove 
 againlt the Rcfolution, and brought home the fmatl 
 bower anchor 1 in confequence of which the other an- 
 chor was weighed, and the (hip was moored again. 
 The carpenters, who were occupied in (lopping the 
 leak, were under the nccelTity of taking off great part 
 of the (heathing from the bows ; and many of the 
 trunncls were found to be fo loofc and rotten, that they 
 were drawn out cafily with the (infers. On Tuefday 
 the I ith, heavy gales blew from the N.E. which obliged 
 both velicl* to llrike their yards and top.mans 1 out 
 the weather becominc more moderate in the afteraoon, 
 and the ice having drifted away as far as the mouth of 
 the harbour of Pctropaubwlka, they warped clofc to 
 the (hore for the greater convenience of procuring wood 
 and water, and again moored, as before; the mouth of 
 the bay fliut in by the mod foutherly point of Rakowina 
 harbour, bearing S. and the town N. half W. at the 
 rhc diltance of half a mile. On the isth, a prty was 
 detached to cut wood, but made little prpureis in that 
 (brvice. on account of the fnow. which nil! covered the 
 ground. A convenient fpot, abreaft of the (hips, was 
 cleared, where there was a good run of water; and a 
 tent being pitched for the cooper, the empty cafks 
 wcKlaifdid,and the faiUmakers fcnt afliore. On Sa» 
 I ti^ay,,tne ^ 5ih, as the beach was then clear of ice, is 
 ' pufty was fent to, haul the feine, and caught a plentiful 
 hvph o> ''U^iHft-filh for the Companies of both (hips, 
 waiting to bia a lait auieu to ineir commanocr. w,q(p in frpift'this tiin^,'rn«ked, till wc quitted the harbour, we 
 taking our leave of the Major, it is difficuluo (w»,f Kfr, || were even oyerpo^^ercd with the great quantities of (ifh 
 thcr the woithy pricll and his family or ouiulvca were || wnicn came in from every quarter. The Toions, both 
 
 ( 
 
COOK'S THIRb and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'ACIFIC OCliAN, &c. 619 
 
 of this town, and of Paratounca, a neighbouring vil- 
 lage, had received onlen from Major Bcnm to employ, 
 in our fervice, all the Kamtfchadales ; To that it fre- 
 quently happened, that we could not take into the fliipt 
 tne prefcnti which were frnt us. They generally confifted 
 of hcrringi, trout, flat fi(h, and cod. The former, which ' 
 were in tneir higheft perfediion, and of a delicioua fla-: 
 vour, were in extreme plenty in this bay. The people 
 of the Difcovery, at one time, furrounded fuch an a- 
 mazing quantity in thrir feine, that they were obliged 
 to throw out a very confiderable number, left the net 
 ihould be broken to pieces ( and the cnr^ they landed 
 wai'ftill foabimdant, that, befidci havmg a fuiiident 
 ftock for immediate ufc, they filled as many cafka as 
 they could conveniently fpare for falling; and, after 
 fending on board the Refoiution a tolerable quantity for 
 the fame purpofe, they left behind feveral bufhels upon 
 the beach. 
 
 The ice and fnow now began npidly to difappear. 
 «nd plenty of nettle-tops, celery, and wild garlick, were 
 gathered for the ufc of the crewst which being boiled 
 with portable foup and wheat, fumiflied them with an 
 excellent and falutary breakfaft t and with this they were 
 every morning fupplied. The birch-trees were alfo tap- 
 ped, and the fweet juice, of which they produced f^rcat 
 quantities, was conftantly mixed with the brandy al- 
 lowed to the men. On the i6th, a fmall bi-.liock was 
 killed, which the ferjcant had procured for the fliips' 
 companies. Its weight was 272 pounds. It was ferved 
 out to both the crews for their Sundny's dinner, and 
 was the firft frefh beef which they had taflcd fmcc the 
 departure of our vcflcis from the Cape of Good Hope, 
 in December, 17761 a period of almoft two years and a 
 half. Thiscvrningjohn Macintoni.thc carpenter's mate 
 expired, after having been afflidilcd with a dyfentery ever 
 flncc we had Icl^ the Sandwich Hies. lie was a peaceable 
 and induflrious man, and greatly regretted by his mcfs- 
 matcs. Though he was tne fourth pcrfon tnat we had 
 loft by furkncfs during our voyage, he was the Itrft who, 
 from his age and conftitution, could be faid to have 
 had, on our fctting out, an equal chance of life with the 
 reft of his companions. Watman was fuppofed by us 
 to be about 60 years old ; and Roberts, and Mr. Ander- 
 fon, from the decline which had maniti:ftiy commenced 
 before our dejparture from England, moft probably 
 could not, under any circumftanccs, have lived to a later 
 period than they did. 
 
 Captain CIcrke's health continuing daily to decline, 
 notwithftanding the falutary change of diet which 
 Kamtfchatka afforded him, the prieft of Paratounca, as 
 foon at he was informed of the weak ftate he was in, 
 fupplied him every day with milk, bread, fowls, and 
 frcfn butter, though his habitation was 16 miles from 
 the harbour where our Ihips were Rationed. On our 
 arrival, the Rullian hofpital, near the town of St. Peter 
 and St. Paul, was in a very deplorable ftate. All the 
 foldiers were, in a greater or lefs degree, affliAed with 
 the fcurvy, many facing in the laft ftage of that difor- 
 dcr. The reft of the Ruffian inhabitants were likewife 
 in a fimilar condition ; and we obferved, that our friend 
 the ferjcant, by drinking too freely of the fpirits he had 
 received from us, had brought on himfcif, in the courfe 
 of a few days, feveral of the moft alarming fymptoms 
 of that difcafe. Captain Clerkc, delirous of relieving 
 them from this lamentable ftate, put them all under 
 the care of our furgcons, and gave orders, that a fup- 
 ply of four krour, and malt, for wort, fhould be fur- 
 nithed for their ufc. A furprifing alteration foon took 
 place in the figures of moft of them ; and their fpeedy 
 recovery was chicHy attributed to the effe<fU of the 
 fwcct wort. 
 
 On Tuefday. the ift of June. 250 poods, or 9,000 
 
 C Hinds weight of rye flour, were brought on board the 
 efolution; and the Difcovery received a proportional 
 quantity. We were fupplied with this flour from the 
 fferes of Petropauloulka. The men wer» now put on 
 their full allowance of bread, which, from the time of 
 our leaving the Cape of Good Hope, they had not been 
 indulged io. The fame day. we complcated oor (lock 
 •f water, 6j tons having been conveyed on board. Fri- 
 I 
 
 day, tlw 4th, we had frcfh brec/es, and heavy rain', fa 
 that we were difappointed in our difign of drclllng the 
 (hips, and obliged to content ourlc Ives with firing 21 
 guns, in honour of His Majefty's birth-day, and ccle« 
 orating it, in other rcfpcdb, in the bcft manner we 
 could. Port. who. on accoun. of his (kill In languages, 
 was left with ut. partook, as well at the ferjcant, (in the 
 capacity of commandant of the place) of the entertain- 
 ment of the day. The worthy prieft of Paratounca, 
 having bc'cn informed that it was the annivcrfary of our 
 fovereicn't birth, gave likewife a fumptuuus teaft, at 
 wh^h feveral of our gcntScmcn were prcfent, who were 
 hignly pleafcd with their entertainment, of ub'ch dnii- 
 yCing formed a part. On the 6th, to he.id of cattle ar- 
 rivM, having been fcnt us, by the dimftions of the com- 
 mander, from the Verchnci Oftrog, which (lands on 
 the river Kamtfchatka. at thediftaiice of almo(t a hun- 
 dred miles from this place. Thclic cattle were of a mo- 
 derate (izci and, though the Kamtfohadalcs had been 
 17 days in driving them down to the haibour, were in 
 good condition when they arrive^]. The four fiiccccd- 
 ing dayt were employed in making preparations I'ur 
 putting to fea; and on Friday, the nth, about two 
 o'clock in the morning, we began to unmoor. Uoforc, 
 however, we had got up one anchor, fb violent a gale 
 fpning up from the N. E. that we thoufrlit proper to 
 moor again, fiippofing, from the p<i(ition of the en- 
 trance of the Bay, that the current of wind would, 
 in all probability, fct up the channel. The pinnace 
 was difpatched to examine the paffagc, and re- 
 turned with intelligence, that the wind blow violcn.ly 
 from the S. E. with a great I'well, fctting into the bay : 
 fo that any attempt to get out to fca would have been 
 attended with confiderable rifque. Mr. Port now took 
 his leave of ut, carrying with him the box containing 
 the journals of our voyage, which Major Behm was to 
 take chan;eof,and the packet that was to be forwarded 
 by exprefs. On the 12th, the gale having abated, we 
 began unmooring again ; but, alter having broken the 
 meffenger, and reeved a running purchalc with a fix 
 inch baufer. which likewife broke three tiincs, we were, 
 at laft, under the necclfity of heaving a ft'Tain at low 
 water, and waiting for the flowing of the tide to raife 
 the anchor. This meafurc fucceeded, thou(»h not with- 
 out damaging the cable. About three o'clock in the 
 afternoon, the beft bower was weighed, and we fet fail > 
 but, at eight, the tide making againft us, and the wind 
 being inconfidcrable, «c anchored again in ten fathoms 
 water, off the mouth of Rakowina harbour : the Oftrog 
 bein^ at the diftancc of between* two and three miles, 
 bearing N. by E. half E. the elevated rock on tUe weft- 
 em (ideof the pa(ra^e, bearing S. and the needle rocks, 
 on the eaftem fide of the paflage, S. S. E. half 1<:. 
 
 On Sunday, the 13th, at four o'clock, A. M. we got 
 under way with the tide of ebb; and, as there was a 
 pcrfnfl calm, the boats were difpatched a-head for the 
 purpofe of towing the (hips. About 10, a fouth-eaftcrly 
 wind fpringingup, and the tide having turned, we were 
 obliged to let go our anchors again, in feven fathoms 1 
 the Oftrog bearing N. half E. at the diftancc of a mile 
 from the land that was neareft to us ; and the three 
 needle rocks being in the dire*!lioit of S. halfE. In 
 the afternoon. Captain Gore and Lieutenant King land- 
 ed on the call lide of the paflage, where they oblcrved, 
 in twodifterenl places, the remains of fpa'ciuus viliagesj 
 and, on the lide of a hill, they faw an old ruined para- 
 pet, wiih four or five embrafures. It had guns mounted 
 on it in Beering's time, at that navigator himlcif in- 
 forms ut; and commanded the paflTage up the mouth 
 of the bay. Not far from this fpot, were the ruins of 
 (bmc fubterraneous caverns, which our two gentlemen 
 conjedlured to have been magazinei. About (ix o'clock 
 P. M. we weighed anchor, with the ebb tide, and 
 turned to windwardt but, two hours after, a thick fog 
 coming on, we were under the ncceility of bringing to. 
 our foundings not affording us a liifticient direiliion for 
 fteering betwixt feveral funkcn rocka, fituated on each 
 (ide of the paffagc we were to make. The next morn- 
 ing, the fog in (ome degree difpcrfing, we weighed aa 
 foon M the tide began to ebb; and, there beig^ lit. 
 
6ao 
 
 Opt. COOK'i VOYAOB8 COMPLBTE. 
 
 
 'il 
 
 :;• '! 
 
 tk wind, the botu wen lent a-h«Kl to towi but, about 
 lo o'clock, both the wind and tide let in lb ftrang firnn 
 the lea, that wt were once mofcobligcd to call anchor, 
 in 13 ftthoOM water, the hi|rii rack beiiw at the dir* 
 tance offlx fiirlonn, in the oireAion of MCone quarter 
 S. We continued, during the remainder of the da/. 
 In thia fituation, the wind btowinpt freih into the nouih 
 of the iMjr. Towarda the evening, the weather wa* 
 extremely dark and cloudy with an unfetiled wind. 
 
 On thie i(th, we were furprised, belbre day-light, 
 with a rumbling noifc, that refemblcd dlRant thunogri 
 and when thedajr appnred, we found that the lidci and 
 deck* of our fliipt were covered, near an inch thick, 
 with a fine dull like emery. The air wa< at tho fiune 
 time loaded and oblcured with thii fubftancci and, to- 
 wank the volcano mountain, which llandi to the north-' 
 ward of the harbour, it waa exceedingly thick and black, 
 infomuch that we were unable to diltinguifti the body 
 of the hill. About la o'cktck, and durii^ the after, 
 noon, the loudnefi of the explofions increafcd 1 and they 
 were fuccecded bv fliowcra of cinden, which, in gene- 
 ral, were of the uie of peu, though many of thole that 
 were picked up limn me deck were larger than a haicl 
 nut. Several Iniall ftonea, which had undergone^ no al- 
 teration from the aAion of fire, fell with the cinders. 
 In the evenina we had dreadfiil cla|M of thunder, and 
 vivid fladiea M IMitning, which, with the darknefa of 
 the (ky, and the lulphurcout fmeU of the air, produced 
 a very awfiil and treinendouteflcd. 6ur diftance iiom 
 the foot of the mounuin was, at thii tinne, about eight 
 leagues. On the 1 6th, at day-break, we got up our an- 
 chors, and Rood out of the bavi but the wind fiilliqg, 
 and the tide of ebb fettii^ acrois the pafliige on the eaft. 
 em Ihore, we were driven very near the three needle 
 rocks, finiated on that fide of the entrance, and were 
 under the ncceflity of hoifting out the boats, for the 
 purpole of towing the Ihips clear of them. At 13 
 o'clock, we were at the diftance of fix miles from the 
 land; and our depth of water was 43 fiithoms, over a 
 bottom of fmall ftones, of the fame kind with thofc 
 which had follen upon our decks, after the late eruption 
 of the volcano. 'The country had now a very different 
 appearance from what it had on our firft arrival. The 
 fnow, except what remained on the fummiu of fome 
 very hrfty mountains, had vaniftiedi and the fidaof the 
 hiitt, which abounded with wood in many parts, were 
 covered with a bcaotiftil verdure. As our Commander 
 intended to keep in fight of the coaft of Kamtfchatka, 
 as much u the weather would allow, in order to alcer- 
 uin its pofition, we continued to fteer towards the N. 
 N.E. with variable light winds, till Friday, the tSth. 
 The volcano was ftill obferved to throw up immenlc 
 volumes of fnwke > and we did not ftrike ground with 
 ifO lathoms Of line, at the diftance of 1 1 milea from 
 the ihore. This day the wind blew fiefli from the S. 
 and the weather became fo thick and hasy. tiiat it was 
 impiudent to make any fiirther atiempu at ptefent to 
 keep in fight of the hnd. However, that we might be 
 itady, whenever the fog flioukl clear up, to refume our 
 furvcy, we ran on in the diitdUon of the ooaft, fas re- 
 pntfented in the Ruflian charts) and firad lignal guns 
 for the Dilcove7 to proceed on the lame courle. At 
 1 1 oVfock. Juft belbre we kft fight of knd. Cheepoon. 
 fkoi N06, io denominated by the Rulikns, wu at the 
 diftance of fevcn or eight ks^^ue*. bearing N. N. E. On 
 the sodi, at three o'clock in the morning the weather 
 becoming clearer, we ftood in towards the kndi and, 
 in the fpace of an hour afterwards, faw it a-head,cx. 
 tending from N.W. toN. N.E. at the diftance of about 
 five kaguee. The noithem part we conicdfaired to be 
 Kranomoi Nofsi its pofition in the Rulfian charts, 
 neariy agreeing with our reckoning in refpeA to in k- 
 dtiid^ which wa» (4dcg. 43 min. N. thmigh. in point 
 of hngitude, we dilrerM confiderablv from them t for 
 they pkct it 1 deg. 4t min. E. of Awatlkai whcicM 
 our computation makes it ■) d«K. 34 min. E. of that 
 ^bce, or 1 63 deg. 17 min.'K of Greenwkh. The kad 
 about thk cape u very elevated, and the inkndimoan. 
 tains were, at dtis tune, covered with fiiew. There b 
 00 appeaiaace of inku or bays in the coafti and the 
 
 4 
 
 ftwre breaks off in fteepcliA. WahadnfH Iwtg iMiit 
 
 Kitified with this view of the land, w)|i^,thft Muui 
 ihened from the S. W. bringiag on a thkk foi;> 
 whkh obliged us to ftand off in the dirctilion of N. £. 
 by E. The fog difpcrfing about noon, we again fteercd 
 for the knd, eipecling to fall in with KanufchaiQuM. 
 Nob, and gained a light of it at dayulkcak oD ih^ iift. 
 The S. W. wind bciiw foon after iucceeded by a tigltc 
 breeM that bkw off tfie land, we were prevented ttan^ 
 aoprMchingthe ooaft luiScwntly near (o dctennina it» 
 dircdUen, or defcribe iu alpedt At noon, our long,. 
 was lij dca. to min. and our kt. c^dcg, ta min. tlit 
 atremes oT tfie knd bqre N. W. by V, three MM»»terf 
 W. and N. to W. three quarters W. and thfkiieMvft pari 
 was at liie.dinance of about 9f niila*> At nifif in iho^ 
 evening, when we hHI approached about i if ikl mux 
 the coaft,. u appeared to form a prtgemns penliifok. 
 and to extend 1 1 or 1 a leagues in the dirwtion nearly 
 of N. and S. It k kvel, and of a moderate ekvatjon 1 
 the Imithem extreme terminates in a Ipw looping poiaiL 
 that to the northward forms a ftcep btulTl^atU '/mi 
 between them, 10 or 19 miles to tha $.,iqf the iiortl>cm 
 cape, there is a confidcrable break in ttie land. On both 
 fides of this break, the knd k low. A remarkable hill, 
 refembling a faddle, rifes beyond the opening 1 and a 
 chain of lofty mountaimL aipped with (how, extends 
 ahmg the back of the whole peutnlula* As the coal| 
 runs in an even diredion, we were nhcertain with rawj 
 fpcAto the pofition of Kamtfchatflioi UoEt, which, ac- 
 cording to Mr. Mulkr, forms a prtyeding Point to. 
 wards the middk of the peninfuUt but we anerwaids 
 found, that, in a late RulTun map, that appellation is 
 given to die fouthern cape. The latitude ot this, from 
 leveral accurate obfervations, was {6 deg. 3 min. and 
 iu longitude, i6j drg. 30 min. To the S. of this ur- 
 ninfula, the great river Kamtfchatka runs into the lea. 
 The feafon being tpo far advanced for us to make an 
 accurate furvey of the coaft of Kamtfchatka. it wai the 
 defign of Capuin Ckrke, on our courfe to Beering's 
 Straights, to afceruin chiefly the relbeAive fituacions 
 of the projeAing points of the coaft. We therefore 
 fteered acrois a uMcious bay. kid down between 
 KamtlchatflMii Nols and Olutmlkoi Nofs, with a view 
 of making the lattert which k reprefentcd by the Ruf. 
 fian gengraphers. as terminating the peninfukof Kamtf- 
 chatka, and as being the IbutMm limit of the country 
 of the Xoriacs. 
 
 On Tueliky. the 33d, we paflM a dead whale, which 
 emitted a moft horrible fmeil, perccivabk at the dif- 
 tance of three or four miles. It was covered with a 
 very confidcrable number of gulls, petrels, and «thdr 
 Oceanic birds, which were renling themfclvcs upon it. 
 On the a4th,.the wind, which had ftiifted about dur- 
 ing the diree preceding days, fettled at S. W. bringing 
 on ckar weather, with which we proceeded towards the 
 N. & by N. acrofs the bay, havii^ no knd in fight. In 
 the courfe of thk day we obferved a great number of 
 gulls, and were dibufted with the indelicate manner 
 of feeding of the aKticgull. which hu procured it the 
 appelktion of the paralite. Thk bird, which k rather 
 ki^ than the common gull, purliies the ktter Species 
 whenever it meets them 1 tlie gull, after Ihrii^ about for 
 fome time, with loud fcreanu. and manikft indications 
 of extreme terror, drops its excrement, which its pur. 
 fuer inflantly dans at, and catches in its beak befiwe it 
 &lk into the fea. 
 
 On Friday, the 3 jth. at ODa o'ckck. P. M. when in 
 the latitude of ^9 deg. 1 3 min. and in the lonaitude of 
 168 Aeg. 35 mm. a very thkk fog came on. aoout the 
 time we expeAed to obtain a view of Ohitorlkoi Kofs, 
 whkh (if Mutkr's politioo of it, in the ktitude of ^y 
 deg. 30 min. and in the ki^gitudeof 167 deg. 36 mut. 
 u rimt) could then have haSt only 1 a lcv<K* Irom usi 
 at wnkn diftance, we misht cafily have aucemed land 
 d'amodttate height Our depdi of «>atcr, at picfent, 
 wu tofpMt that we had no ground with 160 fathoma 
 Celine. Tna ft|[ ftill coMinuiob prevented uafeona 
 oMUiMfaaaamappraaehiatkinMt and we ftaered 
 8. bjic).^ five o ctack, whkh k a little more oaAariy 
 thaBtheRudna cham mnfem the tuoMngof the 
 
 coaft 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6a i 
 
 luiig Iwiti 
 
 li fufi, 
 noTN.K. 
 
 ttTchatlkc^ 
 
 byaligln 
 inira uon^ 
 tcniuM.,iu 
 
 our long, 
 a milt, the 
 c««j|ffaft^f. 
 iC4rcnpa^ 
 nifi« in Urn 
 
 :tpn newly 
 etcvatjwii 
 
 « iiortlveni 
 i. On botH 
 rkable hUi. 
 ingi aiHl» 
 
 t the caa(|! 
 n with rc- 
 whicb. ac<- 
 I point to. 
 aKcnvanU 
 pelUtion i* 
 t this, from 
 } iiiin* and 
 of this jpir- 
 nto the fca. 
 to make aa 
 , it wai the 
 Bcering't 
 E fituattoiu 
 e thcrcfoR 
 n between 
 i-ith a view 
 by the Ruf. 
 laofKanitr. 
 the country 
 
 rhale, which 
 at the dir- 
 ered with a 
 , aad^ther 
 vet upon it. 
 about dur« 
 W. bringing 
 towards the 
 in fight. In 
 t number of 
 ate roaniKr 
 Kured it the 
 lichia rather 
 latter fpecies 
 ng about for 
 \ indications 
 liich itt pur- 
 cak before it 
 
 M. when in 
 longitude of 
 m, amut the 
 toiikm Noft, 
 atitude of ^y 
 dcg. 36 miR. 
 |Hei fromuai 
 
 Lvvvwv v^^AB vflM^^K 
 
 er, atpreiient, 
 ii6o$tthonM 
 HMed nafiwB 
 ndwe fteeitd 
 :moM«»ftcrly 
 ending of the 
 coaft 
 
 coaft from Olutorfkoi Noft. The next day, a frcfli 
 sale blew from the S. W. which laQed till noon on the 
 a7th, when the weather clearing up, wc (leered to the 
 N. with an intention of making the land. Our latitude, 
 at this time, wu 59 deg. 49 min, and our longitude 
 
 fnoming, which are imagmed never to Hy far from the 
 landi yet there wai no appearance of it during the 
 whole day. However, the next morning, about iix 
 o'clock, we had fight of it towards the N. W. The 
 coaft appeared in hills of a moderate elevation t but 
 inland, others were obfcrvcd confidcrably higher. The 
 fnow lying in patches, and no wood being perceived, 
 the land had a very barren afpedt. At nine o'clock, 
 we were ten or eleven miles from the fliorc, the fou- 
 thcrn extreme bearing W. by S. about fix leagues dif- 
 tant, beyond which tne coall feemeJ to inchnc to the 
 W. This point being in the lonaitude of 174 dcg- 
 48 min. and in the latitude of 61 ocg. 48 min. is (iiu- 
 ated accorditig to the Kuflian charts, near the mouth 
 of the river Opuka. The northern extremity, at the 
 fame time, bore N. by W. between which, and a hill 
 bearing N. W. by W. quarter W. the coaft appeared to 
 bend towards the W. and form a deep bay. At the 
 didance of about eight miles from the land wc obfcrvcd 
 a ft rong rippling! and being under apprehcnlic t . of 
 mcctinK with loul ground, we made fail to the N. E. 
 along tne coaft. On heaving the lead, wc found the 
 depth of water to be 14 fathoms, over a bottom of gra- 
 vel. We therefore concluded, that the appearance 
 above-mentioned, was occafioncd by a tide, then run- 
 ning to the fouthward. At noon, the extremes of the 
 land bearing W. S. W. and N. N. E. we were abrcaft 
 
 of the Io>»' land, which, wc now ohftrved, joined the 
 two points, where wr had before exported to difcovir 
 a deep bay. The coaft bends a little rowarJii ihc V\ . 
 and has a fmall inlet, which is, |)crhap!i, the mouth of 
 fome inconfiderablc river. Our longitude wax now 
 175 deg. 43 min. and our latitude 61 dcg. /> min, 
 During the afternoon, we continued our courli- along 
 the coaft, which exhibited an appearance of llcrility, 
 and the hills rofe to a confidcrahie elevation inland, but 
 the clouds on their tops prevented us troni dctenTiin- 
 ing their height. About eight o'clock in the cvcninj(, 
 fome of our jKOple thoui^ht they faw land to the !•'.. by 
 N. upon which we ftood to the fouthunrd of E. but it 
 proved to be nothin^ more than a fog bank. At mid- 
 night, the extreme poin bearing N. E. quarter E. wc 
 conje^Uired that it was St. 'Ihaclcus's Nofs ; to the S. of 
 which the land inclines towards the W, forming a 
 deep bight, wherein the river Katirka, according ro the 
 charts publiftied by the KulFuni, is fituate. On Tuef- 
 day the 39th, the weather was unfcttlcd, with the wind 
 at the N. E. point. On the ,'joth, at noon, we obfcrvcd 
 in longitude 180 drg. and Luitudc 61 dcg. 48 min. At 
 this time, St. Th.ideus'» Nofs bore N. N. W. at the 
 diftance of 23 leagues ; and beyond it we perceived the 
 coaft extending almoft diredlly N. The caftcrnmoft 
 point of the Nofs is in the latitude of 62 dcg. 50 min. 
 and in the longitude of 1 79 dcg. The land about it, 
 from its being .iifccrned at fo great a diftance, may 
 juftly be fuppofcd to be of a conlidcrable height. Dur- 
 ing this and the preceding day, we faw numljers of fca- 
 horfes, whales, and feals; alfo albatroiFes, gulls, fea« 
 parrots, guillemots, and other birds. 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 
 The Ri'folHtioii and Difcovery contiituf their courfe to the mrih — Tfcbukotjhi No/s dcfmed'—lfle of Si. hauxencc — Si/ht of 
 the two codfli ofA/ia and America til tbejttme inftanl — Ohftruh ions from the ice — Friiitlefs attempts to dijccrver a pajjage 
 611 the American fide— The plan of Captain Clerke, with refpeR to our future defi^ns — Attempt, in vain, to pafs l>- ice to 
 the nortb-^ceft'— Critical filuation of the Difcovery— 7be damages fiijlained, after bcevhig again leen ol'jlrufia by the 
 ice — Captain Clerke refohcs, to the great m of ibejhip'i crew, to return to tbefoulbward — Pa/s Serdze Kamen — Proceed 
 Ibrougb Bceriitg's Straits — Remarks un the extent of the norlb-eaft coajl of Ajia— Reafons for rejefiing Muller's nup— 
 ImprafJicability of a nortb-eajt, or nortb.~vejl paff,ige from the Atlantic iiilo the Pacific Ocean — The prognfs made in 1778, 
 compared with that made in 1779 — Obferfolioiu on the Sea, Sea-Coajh, (Jc. North of Beering's Straits. 
 
 o 
 
 N Thurfday, the 1 ft of July 1 779, at noon, Mr. 
 Bligh, mafter of the Reiolution, found by ex- 
 periment, that the ftiip made a courfe to the 
 N. E. at the rate of about half a mileinanhour: this he 
 attributed to the eft'ed of a foutherly fwell, rather than 
 to that of any current. The wind towards the even- 
 ing, frelhening from the S. E. wc ftcered to the N. £. 
 by E. for the point that Beering calls Tfchukotflcoi 
 Nofs, which we had obferved on the 4th of September 
 the preceding year,at the fame time that we perceived, 
 towards the S. E. the Ifle of St. Lawrence. This cape, 
 and St. Thadeus's Nofs, from the north-eaftern and 
 fouth-weftern extremes of the extenfivc Gulph of Ana- 
 dir, into the bottom of which the river of that name 
 difcharges itfelf, feparating, as it pafles, the country of 
 the Tfchutlki f>om that of the Koriacs. On the 3d, 
 at noon, we obferved in latitude 63 deg. 33. min. longi- 
 tude 1 86 deg. 45 min. Between twelve and one, we 
 defcried the Tfchukotflcoi Nofs, bearing N. half^W. at 
 the diftance of 13 or 14 leagues. At five in the after- 
 noon, we faw the ifland of St. Lawrence, in the di- 
 redion of E. three-auartcrs N. and alfo another ifland, 
 which wc imagined was between St. Lawrence and 
 Anderfon's Ifland, kbout 1 8 miles E. S. E. of the for- 
 mer. As we had no certain knowledge of this ifland. 
 Captain Clerke was inclined to have a nearer view of 
 it, and immediately hauled the wind towards it: but it 
 unfortunately happened, that we were unable to weather 
 the Ifle of St. Lawrence, and were therefore obliged to 
 bear up again, and pafs them all to the leeward. The 
 latitude ot the Ifland of St. Lawrence, ac<:oTding to the 
 mod accurate obfcrvations, it 63 deg. 47 min. and its 
 No. 76, , , 
 
 longitude is 188 deg. 15 min. This ifland, if its 
 boundaries were at prefent w ithin our view, is about 
 three leagues in circumference. The northern part of 
 it may be difccrned at the diftance of ten or a dozen 
 leagues. As it has fome low land to the S. E. the ex- 
 tent of which we could not perceive, fome of us fup- 
 pofcd, that it might perhaps be joined to the land to the 
 caftward of it : wc were, however, prevented by the 
 hazinefs of the weather, from afcertaining this circum- 
 ftancc. Thcfe iftands, as well as the land adjoining 
 to the Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, were covered with fnow, 
 and prefented a moft difmal afpedl. About midnight, 
 the Ifle of St. Lawrence was five or fix miles diftanc, 
 bearing S. S. E. and pur foundings were 1 8 fathoms. 
 Wc were accompanied with fca fowl of various. fortSk 
 and obferved fome ^juiUcmots and fmall crefted hawks. 
 The weather continuing to thicken, wc loft fight of 
 land till Monday the 5th, when wc had a view of it 
 both to the N. E. and N. W. Our longitude, at this 
 time, W.1S 1 89 deg. 14 min. and our kititt|dc6i; dest. 24 
 min. As the iflands of St. Diomede, which areVitu. 
 ated in Beering's Strait, between the two continents 
 of Afiaand America, were determined by us the pre- 
 ceding year to be in the latitude of 65 deg. 48 min. we 
 were at a lofs how to reconcile the land towards the N. 
 E. with the pofition of thofc iflands. We therefore 
 ftood for the land till three o'clock in the afternoon, 
 when we were within the diftance' of four miles from 
 it, anddifcowqring it to be two iflands, were pretty well 
 convinced of their being the fame ; but the hazinef* 
 of the weather (till continuing, we, la order to be cer- 
 tain, with refpca 10 ouriicuatiqn, tU)od over U) the 
 7 S AQuto 
 
6aa 
 
 Ctpt. COOK'k VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 w 
 
 Aflatic coaft, till about Tcvcn o'clock in the evening i 
 at whirh time we bad appreuhcd within two or three 
 leaguci of the rancrn cape of that continent. The 
 Cape if an elevated round head of land, and extendi 
 about five miles from N. to S. It forms a peninfula, 
 which i« conncAcd with the continent by a narrow 
 ifthmui of low land. It has a bold (horci and three 
 lofrjr, deuched, fpiral rocks, are feen off its N. part. 
 It was at prefent covered with fnow, and the beach en- 
 compaflcd with ire. Wr were now convinced of our 
 havinp; been under the influence of a Arong current 
 fetting to the northward, w hirh had occaGonrd an error 
 of twenty miles in our rompuiation of the latitude at 
 noon. Atthetinneof our pafling this Strait the laft 
 year, we had experienced a limiUr rfTetfl. Having now 
 afcertaincd our pofition, we fltrcrcd N. by E. At ten 
 o'clock in the evening, the weather clearing up, we 
 faw, at the fame infUnt, the remarkable peaked hill 
 near Cape Prince of Wales, on the North American 
 coaft.andthe EaftCipeof Afia, with the two inands 
 of ^t. Diomcde between them, in the courfc of this 
 day, we faw feveral large white gulls, and great num- 
 bers of very fmall birds of the hawk kind. The beak 
 of the latter was comprelTcd, and large in proportion 
 to the botly of the bird: the colour was dark brown, 
 or rather blark, the brcaHwhitini, and towards the ah. 
 domena reddifli brown hue was vifible. On the 6th, 
 •t tuelve o'clock, our latitude was 67 drg. and our 
 longitude 191 dcg. 6 niin. Having already piiflld 
 many large maflts uf ice, andubfcrved that it adncred, 
 in feveral places, to the ihore of the Aliatic continent, 
 we were not greatly furprifed when wc fell in, about 
 three o'clock, with an cxtcnfive hotly of it, rtrctchmg 
 towards the W. This appearance conHderably diU 
 couragrd our hopes of proceeding much further to the 
 N. this year, than we had done the preceding. There 
 beintj; little wind in the aftei noon, the boats were hoifled 
 out in purfuiT of the fea-horfes, great numbers of which 
 were feen on the detached pieces of ice; but they re- 
 turned without fuccefs: thcfe animals being extremely 
 (by, and, before our people could come within giin-dipt 
 of them.always retreatea intotlwwater. A tfeven o'clock 
 P. M. having hoidcd in the boats, we flood on 10 the 
 noith-eaflward, with a frelh foutherly breeze, intemi- 
 ing to explore the American continent, between the la. 
 titudes of 68 drg. and 69 tWfi. which, on account uf 
 the foggy weather, we had nut an opportunity of ex- 
 amining the lafl year. In this attempt we were prtlv 
 difappointed again : for, on the 7th, aoout fix o'clocK 
 in the morning, we were flopped by a large body of 
 ice, rtretching from N. W. toS. E. but, not long after- 
 wards, the horizon becoming clear, we had a view of 
 the American coafl, at the diltance of about ten leagues, 
 extending from N. E. by K. to E. and lyin^ between 61 
 deg. and 68 deg. 30 min. of northern latitude. The 
 ice not being high, we were enabled by the cleamefa of 
 the weather to fee over a great extent of it. The 
 whole exhibited a compad folid furface, not in the 
 Icafl thawed ; and fcemed alfo to adhere to the land. 
 Soon after, the weather becoming hazy, we loft fight of 
 the land ; and it being impolTilMe to approach nearer 
 to it, we fleered to the N. N. W. keeping the ice clofe 
 onboard; and havi.ig, by noon, got round its we ftem 
 extremity, we found that it trended nearly N. Our 
 longitude, at this time, was 103 deg. 34 min. and our 
 latitude 68 deg. 33 min. We proceeded alon^ the 
 edge of the ice, to the N. N. E. during the remainder 
 of the day, pafling rhrough man^ loMc pieces which 
 had been fcpantcd fron? the mam txx]^, and againfl 
 which ou. telfels were driven with great violence, nou 
 withflanding our utmofl caution. About eight in the 
 evening, wc paflcd fome drift-wood : at midnight the 
 wind veered to the N. W. and there were continued 
 fliowers of fnow and fleet. The thermometer had now 
 fallen from 38 deg. to 31 deg. On Thurfday, the 8th, 
 M five o'clock, the wind flufting more to the north- 
 waid, we could continue to longer on the fame.tack, 
 by rcafon of the ice, but were under the neceflity of 
 flanding towards the W. Our depth of water, at this 
 tiine,wai i9fiuhotmi from which, upon comparing 
 
 It with our remarks on the foundingt in the on- 
 ^foingvtu, we inferred, that our prefent diftoncefram 
 the cooft of AnKrica did not exceed fix or feven leasucn 
 but our view was circumfcribed within a muchnar- 
 rower compda, by a heavy fall of fnow. Our latitude^ 
 at noon, was 69 deg. 31 min. and our lonaiiudc lai 
 deg. 43 min. At two o'clock P. M. the weather be! 
 came clearer, and we found ourfelves clofe to an ex- 
 panfeof ice. which, from the maft-hcad. wan difcovettd 
 toconfifl of very large compaft bodies; united to- 
 wards the exterior edge, but. in the interior parts, fame 
 pieces were obferved Roaiinir in vacant fpaces of the 
 water: it extended from W. 8. W. to N. E. by N. 
 We bore away towards the S. along the edge of it, enJ 
 deavouring to get into clearer water; for the flron« 
 northerly winds had drifted down fuch nuinbrn of 
 loofe pieces, that we had been encompalTed with them 
 for fome time, and were unable to prevent the Ihipt 
 from flriking againft feveral of them. On the 9th, » 
 frcfti gale blew from the N. N. W. accompanied with 
 violent (bowers of fnow and fleet. We fleered W. S. 
 W. and kept as near the main body of ice as we could 1 
 but had the misfortune to damage the cut-water againll 
 the drift pieces and rub off fome of the flicathing from 
 the bows. The fliocks. ind.ed. which our fliim i«- 
 ccived, were frequently very fevere, and were attended 
 with conlidcrable hazard. Our latitude, at noon, was 
 69 deg. 1 1 min. and our longitude 1 88 deg. 5 min. 
 
 We had now failed almoll 40 leagues to the W. aloiw 
 the edge of the ice, without perceiving any opening, or 
 a clear fca beyond it towards the N. no profpeii there, 
 fore remained of making further progrcls to the north- 
 ward at prefent. For this rcafon Captain Gierke deter- 
 mined to bear away to S. by E. the only quarter which 
 was clear, and to wait till the feafon was fomewhat 
 more advanced, before he made any further attempts 
 to penetrate through the ice. He propol'ed to employ 
 the intermediate time in Purveying the b.iyof St. Law- 
 rence, and the coafl fituatetotheS. of it; as it would 
 be a great fatisfai^lion to have a harbour fo near, in cafe 
 of future damage from the quantity of ice in thefe 
 parts. We were alfo defirous of pacing another vide 
 to the Tfchutlki; and more particularly fince the 
 accounts we had heard of them from Major Behm. In 
 confe(|uence of this determination, we made fail to the 
 fouthward, till the loth at noon, when we paflcd con- 
 fiJcrable quantities of drift ice, and a perfotl calm en- 
 fued. The latitude, at this time, was 68 d^. i min. 
 and the longitude 1 88 deg. 30 min. This morning we 
 faw feveral whales ; and in the aflernoon. there beii^ 
 great numbers of fea-horfes on the pieces of ice that 
 lurrounded us, we hoifled out the boats, and difpatched 
 them in purfuit of thofe animals. Our people - had 
 more fuccefs on this occafion, than they hadon the 6th; 
 for they returned with three laige ones, and a young 
 one, befides having killed or wounded fome others. 
 They were witnefus of feveral flriking inflances of 
 parental aifeAion in thefe animals. All of them, on 
 the approach of the boats toward* the ice, took their 
 young ones under their fins, and attempted to cfcape 
 with them into the fea. Some, whofc cubs were killed 
 or wounded, and left floating upon the furface of the 
 water, rofc again, and carried them down, fomctimes 
 jufl as our men were on the point of taking them into 
 the boat t and could be traced bearing them to a con- 
 fiderable diftance through the water, which was ftained 
 with their blood. They were afterwards obferved 
 bringing them, at intervals, above the furface, as if for 
 air. ancT again plunging under it, with a horrid beU 
 lowing, "rhe female, in particular, whofe young one 
 hod oeen killed, and taken into the boat, became fo fu- 
 rinus, that flie even flruck her two tuflu through the 
 bottom of the cutter. About eight o'clock in the 
 evening, an eaflerly breeze fprung up, with which we 
 continued to fleer to the (outnwordi and, at midnightt 
 fell in with manv cxtcnfive bodies of ice. We at* 
 tempted to pufli through them under an eafy fail, that 
 the fliips might liiflain no damage 1 and when we had 
 proceeded a little further towards the S. nothing was 
 vifibk but a very large and compaA mafs of ice, ex- .. 
 
 tending 
 
 tl 
 
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 1 « J 
 
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 1 1 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 V ^] 
 
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 1 l^l 
 
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 II 
 
COOK'i THIRD «ml LACT VOYAfiK— To the 
 
 ling to the N. E. S. W. and S. E. •• far m the eye 
 
 U reach, Thi* formiikblc oblhclc prevented our 
 
 Vifiiing the Tfthutfliii for no fiiacc remained ojKn, «• 
 ccpt h«tk igiin to the northward. Wc ihcrefore lacked. 
 M three o'cKick in the morning of the i ith, and Hood 
 •o (hat quarter. The lat. at mnm, wm 67 deg. 49 mm. 
 •nd the long. 1 SH d<-g. 47 mm. On Vfuiivlay, the 1 iih, 
 «c had I'ght wind* ami hitvy weather. On examinmg 
 the current, wc fo»md it fcr toward* the N. W. at the 
 nteofhalfa mtlcan hour. Wc continued our northerly 
 Courfe, with a l)rcetc frum the S. and fair wra-hcr. till 
 10 o'clock in the morning of the i;)th, wht c aijain 
 fcund ourfi Ivi'i cinfc in with a folid niaf* of ice, to which 
 «c could perceive no limit* from the maft-head. Thit 
 «aa an eHci!lual difcouragcmeiu to all our hope* of pe- 
 ■etnting further 1 which n.id been greatly railed, by our 
 kaving now advanced almoft to Iraguei, through a 
 ^cc, which, on the 9th, had been found to be 01 cupicd 
 by impenetrable ice. Our fituation, at thi* time, wa« 
 ararly in ihe middle of the channel, betwixt the two 
 continent! I our lat. wai 69 deg. j; min. and the 
 main body of the ice extended from W. S. W. to E. 
 N. E. 
 
 In that part of the Tea where we now were, there wa« 
 no probability of setting further to the north Cipcam 
 Gierke thereliire determined to make a final attempt on 
 the coall of America, for Ballin"* Bay, fince wc had 
 Ibund It pravhcable to advuiu c the fuithell on this lide, 
 In the preceding year. Wc accordingly, during the rt- 
 iiiaindir of the dav, worked to the windward, with a 
 frelh breeze from the eaO. Weob(erved lever illiilni.ir*, 
 ind arctic ^iills, and paflcd two tree*, both of which 
 fccmcd to h.i\e lain a long time in (he water. Ihe 
 larj^er one wa«, in length, tenor eleven feet, and incir. 
 cumferencc, about tluce, without either the bark or 
 branches. We continued our courfc to the caftward 
 rnthc 14th, with thick foj/Ky wmilur. The next day, 
 the wind blowin(» frerti from the weft, and having, in 
 fomc meafurr, difiierled the tug, wc ini mediately (leer- 
 ed to the north, in order to have a nearer view uf the ii ct 
 and we were foon clofc in with ir. It extended from 
 N. N. W. to N. K. and wa» folid and compact : the ex- 
 terior p.irt!i were ragged, and of various heights; the in- 
 ner liirlace wa.'« even ■ and, as we fiippofed, from 8 to 
 10 feet alxivc the level of the fea. The weather hecom- 
 inj; moderate during the reft of the day, wc ftiaped our 
 courfc according to the trending of the ice, which, in 
 fcveral places, formed deep bays. On Friday, the 1 6th, 
 the wind frcftiened, in the morning, and was accompa- 
 nied with frequent and thick (liowcrs of fnou. At eight 
 o'clock in the forenoon, we had a ftrong gale from the 
 W. S. W. which brought us under doimlc-rcefcd toji- 
 lails I when, the weather in fomc degree clearing up, uc 
 found ourfclvei, as it were embayed 1 the ice having 
 fuddenly taken a turn to the fouth eaftward, and en- 
 compamng us in one compai^ body, on all Men but the 
 fouth. In confcquencc ol this, ue hauled our wind to 
 the fouthward, being, at that time, in 26 fathoms wa- 
 ter, and in the lat. of 70 deg. 8 niin.N. and, as wc ima- 
 gined, at the diftancc of about 25 leaguef from the A- 
 meridan coaft. At four in the ailtemuon, the gale in- 
 creadng, we got the top.gallant-yard$ down upon the 
 deck, hirlcd the ini/cn top-fail, and clofc- reefed the 
 fore and maintop-fails. About eight o'clock, finding 
 that our foundings had decrcafeil to 21 fathoms, which 
 we conHdered a» an indication of our near approach to 
 the coaft of America, we tacked and fteered to the 
 northward. In the night we had boifterous weather, 
 attended with fnow : but the next morning it was clear 
 and moderate; and, at eight o'clock, wc got the top- 
 sallant-yards acrofs,and bore aw ay, with the wind ftill at 
 W.S. W. Our lat. at noon, was fi9dcc.55 min. and our 
 long. 1 94 deg. 30 min. Ihe wind Ibckencd in the even- 
 inf(, and, about midnight, we had a calm. A light breeze 
 arifing from the E. N. E. at five in the morning of the 
 1 8th, we C(>ntinued our progrefs towards the N. with a 
 view of regaining the ice as foon as pofTtble. We faw 
 numbers of fea-parrots, and fmall ice-birds, and alfo 
 many whales t and palTed feveral logs of dnft-wotKl. 
 The lat. at 1 2 o'clock, was 70 deg. 26 min. and the 
 3 
 
 long. 1 94 deg. j4 min. (<«» foundingi, at the ftm« 
 time, were 21 fathom* 1 and i 'e ice extended from N. 
 to E. N. E. being about one Kigue dillant. At one 
 o'clock in the afternoon, ubferviiiu 'hat we were riole 
 in with a firm unite i maf* of ice, iTrcti.. ng from E. to 
 W. N. W. we tack' 1. <«nd, the wind veering to the 
 Weft ward, ftood to the fc.. alotis the edge of it, till 11 
 in the evening. A very thick log then coming on, and 
 the depth of water decreallng to 19 fathom*, we hauled 
 our wind to the fouthward. About nine o'clock in the 
 evening, a white bear Iwam clofe by the Oifcovery 1 It 
 afterward* went toward* the ice, on which were likewile 
 two others. The weather clearing up, at one in the 
 morning of Monday, the 19th, we oore away to the N. 
 Ii till two o'clock, when we were again fo completely 
 embayed by the ice, that no opening remained, except 
 to the fouthward i to which quarter we therefore ilireCled 
 our courfc, and returned through a very fiiiooth water, 
 with favourible weather, by the fame way we had come 
 m. We were unable to penetrate further toward* the 
 N. than at this time, when our lat. wa* 70 deg. j j min. 
 which wa* about five league* fhort of the point to which 
 we had advanced the preceding fummcr. Wc flood to 
 the S. .S. W. with light wind* from the N. W. near the 
 ctl^c of the main Ixniy of ii c, which wai I'tuated on our 
 left-hand, extending between us and t lie .American coiift . 
 
 •\t noon, our lat. was 7odeg, 1 1 nun. .indoiir long. i«(' 
 deg. i< mm. and our founding* were ih fathom*. We 
 fupiwfed, from thi* circumllance, that the Icy C;apc wa» 
 at the didance of only fcvcn or eight 1. i(i;uc» from ut: 
 but, though the weather was in genera! pretty clear, 
 there wa«, at the fame time, a hazineCs in the hori/on j 
 fo that we could not expect to have an opportunity of 
 feeing the cape. During ih'j altcrnoon, two white bears 
 appearing in the water, I'oitie of our pe.i; .. ijiin\c(liatcly 
 purfued tnem in the iolly-lwat, ami were I'o fortunate aa 
 to kill themlwth. The larger one, which vVat, m all 
 probability, the dam of the younger, licing ftiot firf^, the 
 other would not leave it, though it might have cfcaped 
 with eafe on the ice, while the men were re-loading tneir 
 mufquets; but continued fwimming about, till after 
 having been feveral times fired upon, it was fhnt dead. 
 The lenath of the lamer one, from the fnout to the end 
 of the tail, wa* fcven feet two inches 1 it* circumference, 
 ncur the fore legs, was four feet ten inches i the hei|;hc 
 of the flioulder was four feet three inches; and the 
 breadth of the fore-paw was ten inches. The ucif^iit 
 of its four quarters was 436 pounds. The four qitarvcn 
 of the fmalleft weighed 256 pound*. Thefe anii.iaU 
 furnifhed us with fomc good meals of frefli meat. Their 
 flefh, indeed, had a ftrong filhy tafte, but was inflniteljr 
 fuperior to that of the (ea-horfc j which, however, our 
 people were again perfuaded, with no great difficulty, to 
 prefer to their fal"-* nrovifions. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 20th, at ua o'clock, A. M. a thick 
 fog arifing, wc loft fight of the ice for the fpace of two 
 hours t but, when the weather became clearer, we again 
 had a view of the main body to the S. S. E. and imme- 
 diately hauled our wind, which was eaftcrly, towards it, 
 expcaiiw to make the American coaft to the S. E. which 
 we clfeacd between 10 and 11 o'clock. The lat. at 
 noon, was 69 deg. 33 min. and the long. 1 94 deg. < j 
 min. Our depth of water, at the fame time, was 19 u« 
 thorns. The land was at the diftance of eight or ten 
 leagues, extending from S. by E. to S. S. VV. half W. 
 being the fame we had feen the preceding years but ir 
 was, at prefent, much more covered with fnow than at 
 that time t and the ice Teemed to adhere to the (horr. 
 We continued to fail in the afternoon, through a fea of 
 loofc ice, and to fteer towards the land, as near as the 
 wind, which blew from E. S. E. would permit. <\ thick 
 fo^ came on at eight o'clock in the evening, and the 
 wind abated. Obferving a rippling in the water, we 
 tried the current, and found it fet to the E. N. E- at the 
 rate of a mile an hour: we therefore refolved to fteer be- 
 fore the wind, during the night, in order to ftem it, and 
 oppofe the large pieces of loofc ice, which were fetting 
 us on toward* the coaft. Our foundings, at midnight, 
 were twenty fathoms. The next morniitt, at eight 
 o'clock, the wind freiheniiig. >nd the ft^dilperfuig, we 
 
 again 
 
624 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES C O M 1' L E,T E. 
 
 1 > 
 
 M :': t 
 
 > 
 
 :>' 
 
 II 
 
 [ll^if 
 
 ni 
 
 again had fight of the coaft of America to the fouth- 
 caftward, at the dillancc of nine or ten leagues, and 
 hauled in for it; but the ice in a (hort time effedlually 
 ftoppcd our further progrcfs on that lidc, and wc were 
 obliged to bear away towards the W, along the edge of 
 it. Our lat. at 1 2, was 69 deg. 34 min. our long, was 
 19,) dec. and our foundings were 34 fathoms. A con- 
 nededlolid field of ice, thus baffling all our efforts to 
 ^akc a nearer approach to the land, and (as wc had 
 fame rcafon to imagine) adhering to it, we relinquifiied 
 all hopes of a N. E paflage to (ireat -Britain. Our 
 Commander now finding it impoffiblc to advance fur- 
 ther to the northward on the Amcriian coaft, and 
 deeming it equally improltablc, that fiicii a prodigiotis 
 quantity of ice Ihould be JilFolved by the few remaining 
 weeks that would terminate the fumnicr, coniidered it 
 as the beft ftcp that could be taken, to trace the fea over 
 to the coaft of Alia, and endeavour to find fome open- 
 ing that would admit him further N. or fee what more 
 could lie done upon that coaft, where he hoped to meet 
 with better fucccfs. In confcqucnccof this determina- 
 tion, we ftecred VV. N. W. during the afternoon of the 
 arftof July, throughagrear (quantity ofloofe ice. About 
 ten o'clock in the evening, dilcovcring the main body of 
 ice through the fo^, right a-head, and very near us, and 
 being unwilling to ftand to. the fouthward, (b long as 
 we could poffibly avoid it ; wc hauled our winil, which 
 was eaftcrly, and made fail to the N. but in the fpace 
 of an hour afterwards finding that the weather bvcamc 
 clearer, and that we were fiirroundcd by a compad field 
 of ice on all fides, except to the S. .S. W. wc tai kcil, 
 'and ftcered in thatdirechon, for the purpofe of getting 
 clear of it. On tue ;:d, at noon, our lat. was 69 ticg. 
 30 min. and our long. 1H7 dcg. 30 niin. In the after- 
 noon, wc again came up with the ice, which extending 
 to the N. W. and S. W. obliged us to proceed to the 
 fouthward, in order to «e.ithcr it. It may not here be 
 improper to remark, that, liiice the 8th of July, we had 
 twice travcrfcd this fea, in lines alnioft parallel with the 
 run we had juft now made ; that wc were vinahle in the 
 firft of thofe traverfes, to penetrate fo far N. by eight or 
 ten leagues, as in the fecond; and that in thelaff we had 
 ag.iin met with a connedcd mats of ice, generally about 
 five leagues to the fouthward of its pofition in the pre- 
 ceding run. This makes it evid?nt, that the large corn- 
 pad fields of ice, obfervcd by us, were moveable, or di- 
 niiiiifliing; but, at the fame time, it does not authorifa 
 anv expectation of advancing mtirh f;uther, even in the 
 iiioft favourable feafons. About fcvcn o'clock in the 
 evening, the weather being hazy, and no ice vifihle, we 
 made fail to the weft ward; but, fietween eight and nine, 
 the ha/.c difperfing, we found ourfelves in the luidft of 
 loofe ice, and very near the main body ; we therefore 
 lb)od upon a wind, which was fiill callcrly, and conti- 
 nued to beat to windward during the night, hoping to 
 weatlur the loofe pieces, which the ".vmd drove down 
 upon us in fuch quantities, that we were in great danger 
 of being blocked up by them. On I*ridav, the :3d, the 
 clear water, in which we ftecred ro and Iro, ilid not ex- 
 ceed a mile and a half, ami wn leffening every moment. 
 At length, after exerting our moil ftrenuous endeavours 
 to clear the l(K)fe ice, we were under the neccftity of 
 forcing a paffagc to the S. which we accomplifiied be- 
 tween fcven and eight, though not without fulijeeting 
 the Hup to ionic very feverc ihocks. The Diieovery 
 was not fo I'uccef-f'ul; for, at>out 1 1 o'clock, when ftic 
 had almoft got clear out, ftic became lb entangled by 
 I'everal large pieces, that her progrcfs was ftoppcd, and 
 ftie inuiiediately dropped to leeward, and fell, broadfide 
 forcmoft, on the edge of a conlidcrable body of ice; and 
 there being an open fea to windward, the fiirf occafioncd 
 her to ftrike with violence upon it. 'i'his niatii, at length, 
 either fo far broke, or moved, as togive the crew an op- 
 po'UinitN of makmg another effort to tliapc; but, it 
 unfortunately happened, that, before the fhip gathered 
 way cno.igh t^. \>c under command, llie fell toleewarj a 
 fecond time, on anothar fr.igmcnt, and thefwcll render- 
 ing It unfafc to lie to windward, and finding no prof- 
 ped of getting clear, they pulhed into a fmall opening, 
 lulled fheir fails, and made the vcfll-1 faft with icc- 
 I 
 
 hooks, Wc beheld them in this dangerous fituation ac 
 noon, at the diftancc of about three miles from u», in a 
 N. VV. dircdion; a frelh gale from the S. E. driving 
 more ice towards the N. VV. and augmenting the body 
 that lay between us. Our lat. at this time, w'^as fn) deg. 
 8 min. our long. 187 ileg. and our foimdings were 28 
 f^tthoms. To add to the apprehenfions w hich beg m to 
 force themfelves r>n our minds, between four and five 
 in the afternoon, t le weather Incoming thick and hazy, 
 wc loft fight of the Diliovery. However, that we might 
 be in a fituation to ali()rd her every pollible afliftance, 
 wc ftiKjd on dofe b^- the edge of the ice. About fix 
 o'clock the wind ftufting to the north, gave us fomc 
 hopes, that the ice might drift auay, and releafe her 
 from her danger; and m that cafe, as it was uncertain 
 in what condition Ihe might come out, we continuecl, 
 every half hour, to tire a gun, with a view of preventing 
 a reparation. Our fears for her fiifety did not ceafe till 
 nine, when wc heard her guns fired in aiilwer to oursj 
 and not long afterwards being hailed by her, wc were 
 informed, that upon the change of wiiKf, the ice began 
 to feparate, and that her people, fctting all the fails, 
 forced a paflage through ir. 
 
 On Saturday, the i.^th, we ftecred to the S. ]•.. till 1 1 
 o'clock A. M. when our courfe wa? again obftruc'Ied by 
 a large body of loofe ice, to which we eouUI difcover no 
 bounds. At noon we found ourfelves in lat. 68 deg. 53 
 min long. iSS deg. About four in the .ifternoon, wc 
 had :i ilm, and the boats were hoilted out in jnufuit of 
 the f horles, wliich appeared in j)iodi;;ious numbers. 
 Ten of them were killed by our people, as many as could 
 be made ufc of by us fi)r eating, or for convening into 
 lamp-oil. We held on our courfe w ith a fouth-welUrly 
 wind, along the edge of the ice, till four in the morning 
 of the 25th, when perceiving a clear fea beyond it, to 
 the fbuth-caftward, we ftecred to that point. During the 
 remaining part of the day, we continued to run towards 
 theS. I^. with no ice in light. At noon we ohl'erved in 
 lat. 68 deg. 38 min. long. 189 deg. 9 min. and our 
 l()undings were 30 fathom*. For the nniainder of the 
 d.ay, and till noon of the 27tli, we flooii backwards and 
 forwards, to dear ouifelvesol different pieces of ice. At 
 two in the afternoon, we had light of the continent to 
 t'leS. by F.. and, at four, having run, fiiue noon, to the 
 .. W. we wereencoiiipall'ed by loof: maH'ci of ice, with 
 (he mam body in view, nrctching in the dirci'lion of N. 
 by \V. and S. by E. as far as the eye could reach, beyond 
 ivhich we defcried the .Miatic coaft, bearing S. and S. 
 by E. It being now neceflary to come to fbme determi- 
 nation rcfpci^finL' the courfe we were next to llecr. Cap- 
 tain Clerke dilj)aii hed a lioat, with the carpenters, on 
 boajd the Difcover)', to make enquiries into the particu- 
 lars of the damages ihc had lately received. In the even- 
 ing they returnecl, with the report of C'aptain (lore, and 
 of the carpenters of both vellels, that tlie damages fuf- 
 tained were fuch as would require three weeks to repair; 
 and that it would be requifite, for that purpofe, to make 
 the bcft of their tt ay to lome port. Thus finding our far- 
 ther progrcfs to the N. as well as our nearer approach 
 to either continent, obftniLted by immenfe bodies of ice, 
 we coniidered it as not only injurious to the fcrvice, by 
 endangering the fafcty of the Ihips, but likewile fruit- 
 lefs, with rcfpecf to the dclign of our voyage, to make 
 any farther attempts ftu- the difcovery of a pafiage. 
 This, therefore, added to llaptain CJore's reprefenta- 
 tions, determined Captain Clerke to lofe no more time 
 after what he concluded to be an uoattainable objed, 
 but to proceed to the bay of Awatfka, to repair our da- 
 mages there, and before the winter Ihould let in, to take 
 a furvcy of the coaft of Japan. It is impollible to de- 
 fcribe the joy that fparkled in the countenance of every 
 individual, when the Captain's refolution was nude 
 known. All were completely weary of a navigation full 
 of danger, and in whieh the grcateft pcrfcvcrancc had 
 not been rewarded with the ftnalleft profpecl of fucccfs. 
 We therefore turned our thoughts towards home, after 
 an abfence of three years, with a delight and fatislaMion, 
 as fully enjoyed, as il we had been alreaily in fight of the 
 I.and's.end. On Wcdiiefday, the 28th, we worked to 
 windward, with a frelli breeze from the 5. E. being ftill 
 
 m 
 
 II.Uml ' -i---J ? l!-LliBlfcJ^J ' nii£- jj 
 
I Htiiation at 
 |om uj, in a 
 JE. driving 
 Big the body 
 Iwa.s fiij dcg. 
 Jigs Mtrc 28 
 Ich begin to 
 T)iir and five 
 jk and hazy, 
 lit wc might 
 |e aflillancc. 
 
 About fix 
 f vc us Ibinc 
 
 rclcarc her 
 f)« uncertain 
 ■ continuid, 
 ^ I)rcventing 
 ■lot ccafc till 
 Vr to ours J 
 rr, M"c were 
 lie ice began 
 |ll the fails, 
 
 S. I-:, till I , 
 Ibdruc'tcd by 
 difc'over nu 
 .68deg. 5 J 
 ernoon, wc 
 in iniifuit of 
 IS numbers, 
 ail} as could 
 veiling into 
 uth-wdUrly 
 lie morning 
 eyond it, to 
 During the 
 run touards 
 oblcrved in 
 in. and our 
 inder of the 
 kwnrdsaiid 
 es oC ICC. At 
 rontincnt to 
 noon, to the 
 ■ of ice, with 
 edionof N. 
 ach, beyond 
 ig S. and S. 
 lie dctcriiii- 
 )llcer, Cap- 
 •pcntcrs, on 
 the particu- 
 In tficcvcn- 
 n (lorc, and 
 aniages fuf- 
 ks to repair; 
 iff, to make 
 ingourfar- 
 •r approach 
 odjcs of ite, 
 fervicc, by 
 :wi/c fruit- 
 c, to make 
 a paflagc. 
 reprelLiua- 
 more time 
 Mc objcd, 
 air our da- 
 r in, to take 
 liblc to de- 
 cc of every 
 was made 
 igationfuil 
 ■ranee had 
 ot fucccfs. 
 "ine, after 
 atistaJtion. 
 ight of th« 
 worked to 
 being (1111 
 in 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 625 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 in fight of the cotft of Alia. At four in the morn- 
 ing, Cape Scrdze K«men bore S, S. W. diftant 7 
 leagues. On the 19th, the wind continuing unfavour- 
 able, wemadebutflowpregrcft to thcfouthward. Wc 
 ha'd no land in view till feven in the evening of the 30th, 
 when the fog difpeifmg, we faw Cape Prince of Wales 
 bearings, by £. diftant fix leagues; and the ifland of 
 St. Diomede S. W. by W. Wc now ftood to the W. 
 and at eight made the Eaft Cape, which at midnight, 
 was fhur leagues diflant, bearing W. by N. On Satur- 
 day, the 3 1 u, at four o'clock A. M. the Eaft Cape bore 
 N. N. E. and the N. E. part of the Bay of St. Law- 
 rence, W. by S. diftant 1 3 miles. At noon, wc ob- 
 fervcd in latitude 65 dcg. 6 min. longitude 1 89 dcg. 
 
 We had now palTed Beering's Straits, and taken a 
 final leave of the N. E. coaft of Afia ; and here wc 
 fiiall (late our rcafons for adopting two general cnnclu- 
 fions relative to its extent, m oppofition to the fcnti- 
 ments of Mr. Mullen The firft is, that the promon- 
 tory, called Eaft Cape, is adlualiy the moll eaftcrly i>oint 
 of that quarter of the gl«bc ; or in other words, that 
 no part of that continent extends in longitude beyond 
 190 deg. 22 min. E. The fecond is, that the latitude 
 of the north-cafternmoft extreme is fomcwhat to the 
 fouthward of 70 dcg. N. With regard to the former, 
 if fuch land really exifls, it muft certainly be to the N. 
 of the 69ih deg. ol latitude, where the difcoveries made 
 in our prefcnt voyage terminate. 
 
 We propofc therefore in the firft place to invcftigate 
 the probable dircd'on of the coaft beyond this point. 
 NowrRuflia being the only nation, that has hitherto 
 navigated this part of the ocean, all our information 
 rcfpeOling the pofition of the coaft to the northward ol 
 C-ipe North, is derived from the journals and charts of 
 the perfons who have been engagrd, at ditfurent tiincs, 
 in dcterinining the bounds of that cxtenfive empire, 
 and thefe arc, in general, fo confined, contradirtory, and 
 impcrfert, that wc cannot eafily form a dirtini't idea ot 
 their pret-nded, much lefs collctl the particulars, of 
 their real difcoveries. On this account, the extent and 
 figure of the peninfula, inhabited by the Tfchutlki dill 
 remains a point, on which the Ruffian Gcogtaphers 
 are divided greatly in their opinions. Mr. Mullcr, in 
 the map which he publilhcd in 1 754, fuppofcs that this 
 country extends towards the N. !•'. as far as the latitude 
 of 75 deg. and to the lOngituiie of 190 dcg. K. of 
 Greenwich; and that it ends in a round cape, which he 
 denominates Tfchukotfkoi Nofs. To the S. of this 
 capt, the coaft, as he imagines, forms a bay to the W. 
 bouiidcd in the latitude of 67 deg. 1 8 min. by Scrd/e 
 Kamen, the mnft northerly point obferved by Bcering 
 in his expedition in 1728. I'he map publiflied in 
 1776 by the academy ol" St. Pctcrfburg, gives a new 
 fonn to the whole peninfula, placing its north-eaftcrn- 
 moft extreme in the latitude of 73 deg. longitude 178 
 deg. 30 min. and the moft eaftcrly point in latitude 65 
 deg. 30 min. longitude 1 89 deg. 30 min. All the 
 other maps we have feen, both manuTcript and printed, 
 vary between thefe two, apparently more according to 
 the fancy and conjectures of the compiler, than on any 
 grounds of more accurate intelligence. The only par- 
 ticular in which there is a general coincidence, with 
 very little variation, is thcpontion of the Eaft Cape, in 
 the latitude of 66 d(g. The form of the coaft both to 
 the N. and S. of the Faft Cape, in the map of the aca- 
 demy, is extremely erroneous, and maybe entirely dif- 
 regarded. In Mr. Muller's map, the coaft towards the 
 N. has (omc degree of reltmbiancc to our furvey, as 
 faras the latter cmcikIs, except that he does not make 
 it trend fulT.cicntlvto the W. but makes it recede only 
 about 3 dcg. of loigit.iilc, between the latitude of 66 
 and 69 dcg. whereas it ai5\ually recedes near ten. Be- 
 tween the latitude of 69 and 74 deg. the coaft, accord- 
 ing to him, bends round to the N. and N. E. and forms 
 a large promontory. On what authority he grounds 
 thi? rcpicfentatior of the coaft, comes next under our 
 confidcration. 
 
 Mr. Coxe, whofc accurate rcfearches into this fiib- 
 jedl, give gi-eat weight to his fentiments, is of opinion, 
 thai the extremity of the Nofs in qucftion, was never 
 
 No. 76. 
 
 pafled except by Deflinefl^ and his party, who failed 
 m the year 1648, from the river Kovyma, and are ima- 
 gined to have got round it into the Anadyr. As the 
 narrative of this expedition, the fubftance of which has 
 been given by Mr. Coxc, in his account of Ruffian dif- 
 coveries, comprehends no geographical delineatron of 
 the coaft along which they failed, our conjecUircs refpedU 
 ing its pofition muft be derived from incidental cir- 
 cumftanccs ; and from thefe it evidently appears, that 
 the 'I'Ichukotfitoi Nofs of Deftinelf, is, in reality, the 
 promontory named by Captain Cook, the Kaft C«pe. 
 Speaking of the Nofs, he fays, that a pcrfon may fail 
 from the ifthmus to the Anadyr, with a lavourable wind, 
 in three days and three nights. This perfectly agrees 
 with the fituation of the Eaft Cape, which is about 
 120 leagues from the mouth of the river Anadyr; and 
 there being no other ifthmus to the N. between that 
 and the latitude of 69 dcg. it fcems evident, that, by 
 this defcription, he certainly means either the Cape 
 in qucftion, or fome othir fituatcd to the S. of it. 
 He fays, in another place, that, oppolite to the ifthmuf, 
 there are two iflancls in the fea, upon which wc ob- 
 ferved fome of the Tfchutlki nation, in whole lips 
 picres of the teethof thefca-horfe were fixed. This 
 ticfcription coincides exadly with the two iflandj that 
 lie to the S. E. of tne Eaft Cape. We ohlcrveJ, in- 
 deed, no inhabitants upon them; but it is by no means 
 improbable, that a party of Americans from the oppo- 
 lite continent, whom this defcription fuits, might have 
 been accidentally thereat that time, and he might eafily 
 millake them for a tribe of the Tfchutlki. Thefe two 
 circumftances fecm to us to be conclufivc on the point 
 of the Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, though there are others of a 
 more dubious nature from the fame authority, and 
 which now remain to be invclligated. Deflinclf, in 
 another account, fays, that in going from the Kovyma 
 to the Anadyr, a great promontory which projects 
 Very liir into the fea, iiuirt be iloiiMid; and tli.it this 
 cape extends bet wetn N. and N. li. Ic wa's, perhaiiai 
 from thefe exprcffions, that Vluller was induced to re- 
 prcfcnt the country of the Tfchutlki, in the form we 
 find in his map; but, if he had been acquainted with 
 the pofition of the I'iill Cape, as dctcrmiiKd by Cap- 
 tain Cook, and the llriking agreement between that 
 and the promontory or illhmus,(f ir it mull be remarked, 
 that Dcllinetfll ill appears to be fpeaking of the fame 
 thing) in the circumftances above-mentioned, wc are 
 conhdcnt that he would not have thought thofe cx- 
 prclfions of fufficicnt weight to authorifc his extending 
 the north caftcrn extreme of Afia, either [o far to the 
 N. or E. For thele words of Dcftinctf may be recon- 
 ciled with the opinion we have adopted, if «c fuppofc 
 that navigator to have taken thefe bearings from the 
 fmall bight lying to the W. of the cape. The next au- 
 thority, on which Muller has proccetlcd, feems to have 
 been the dc|M)fition of the ColTac Popoff, taken at the 
 Anadirfl(oi oftrog, in 1711. This Cofiiic was fent by 
 land, in company with fcveral others, to demand tri- 
 bute from the independent I'fchutfki tribes, who inha- 
 bited the parts about the Fofs. The firft ciicumftancc, 
 in the narrative of this journey, that can tend to lead 
 to the fituation of Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, is its diftancc 
 from Anadirik; and this istrprefentcd as a journey of 
 ten weeks, with loaded rcin-dcer; for which rcafon, it 
 is added, their day's journey was very inconlidcrablc. 
 We cannot, indeed, conclude much from fo v.aguc an 
 account, but as the diftancc between the Fall Cape and 
 the Oftrog, exceeds 200 leagues in a direct line, "nd 
 confcquently maybe fuppofe'< tt. allow 12 or 14 miles 
 a day, its fiti'ation is not incompatible with Pojwft's 
 calculation. Another circumftancc ftated in this dc- 
 poficion is, that their route lay at the ioot of a rock, 
 named Matkol, fuuate at the bottom of a fpacious 
 gulph. This gulph MuUcr conjectures to be the bay 
 he had laid down between the latitudes of 66 deg. and 
 72 deg. and he accordingly places the rock Matkol in 
 the center of it; but it apocars to be more probable, 
 that it might be a part of tKe Gulph of Anadyr, which 
 they would doubilefs touch upon m their journey from 
 the Oftrog to the Eaft Cape. What fcems, however, to 
 7 T put 
 
626 
 
 Cap*. C O <> K "8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 V V 
 
 ' 1 
 
 * 
 
 1 V 
 
 I .1 
 
 put this point beyond all dilpucc, and to prove that the 
 Cape which PopotV vilitcii cannot Ik to the northward 
 of the latitude of 69 dw. is that part of hiidepofition 
 which relates to an illand lying oil' the N»(s, fioni 
 whence the oppofitc continent might be difccrncd. 
 For, at the two continents, in latitude 69 deg. diverge 
 fo far as to be upwards of 1 00 leagues diflant, it is cer- 
 tainly very improbable, that the coail of Alia fliould 
 again trend in luch a manner to the E. as to come aU 
 moil within tight of the American coall. If thefc ar> 
 gumcnts arc allowed to he cooclufive agatnll the form 
 and extent of the pcninfula of the Tfchutiki, it mull 
 be evident that the Hafl Cape is the Tfchukotflcoi of 
 the r.irlicr Rutllan navigstors: wc lay earlier, bccaufc 
 Bcerin)', ami, after him, ihe late RulFian geographers, 
 have affixed this appellation to the S, I'., cape of the pe- 
 ninfula of the l'lchutl1;i, which was formerly diilin- 
 guilhed by the name of the Anadirikni NofR: and, 
 confequently, hence it will follow, that the undcfcribed 
 tmfl, extending from the latitude of 69 deg. to the 
 mouth of the Kovyma, mufl trend more or lefs to- 
 wards the W. As an additional proof of this, we 
 may obfervc, that the Tfrhotlkoi Nofs is conftnnily 
 laid down as dividing the fea of Kovyma from that of 
 Anadyr, which we think could not poltibly hr, if any 
 large ( a^ie had pmjcded to the N. t'.. in the more ad- 
 vanced latitudes. 
 
 Another qucllion arifing on this point is, to what 
 degree of northern latitude this coall extends^ before 
 it mciines more immeiliatcly to the W. If the po- 
 fition of the mouth of the Kovyma, both with regard to 
 its latitude and longitude, were afccrtaincd accurately, 
 it might perhaps be raly to form a plaulible conie(fture 
 on this head. Captain Cook was always flrongly in- 
 duced to believe, th.it the northern coaQ of Alia, from 
 the Indigirka eallward, has hitherto been ufually laid 
 down a!x)vc two degrees to the northward of its true 
 iituation : and he has therefore, on the authority of a 
 map that was in his (wfTelTlnn, and on the mtelligencc 
 which he received at Oonalallika, placed the mouth of 
 the Kovyma, in his chart of the N. E. coall of Afia, 
 and the N. W. coall of America, in the latitude of 68 
 de^. Should the Captain be right in this conjecUire, 
 it is probable, for the reafons we have already Hated, 
 that the < oall of Alia docs not, in any prt, exceed 70 
 deg. before it trends towards the W. and confequently, 
 that wc were within ons degree of its north-eallcrn ex- 
 tremity. For if the continent be imagined to extend 
 any wheie to the north of Shclitlkoi Nol3,it can ftarcely 
 be fuppofed thu furh an interelling ciniimnanie 
 would have been omitted by the Rulllan navigators, 
 who mention no remarkable promontory between the 
 Anadyr and the Kovyma, except the Ir!all Cape. Ano- 
 ther particular, winch j)i.llinetf relates, may, (KrhafU, 
 be deemed a farther confirmation of tliu ijpinion, 
 namely, that he met with no obflrutflion from ice in 
 failing round the north- eaflem extremity of Alia; 
 though he adds, that this fea is not, at all times, fo free 
 from it ; as indeed appears evidently from his not fuc 
 feeding in his (iill ex|)edition, and, lince that, from 
 the f.iilureof Shal.viroll', as well as from the interrup- 
 tioruand impcdinrn's we met with, in two fucreflivti 
 years, in our prefent voyage. That part of the con- 
 tinent between Cape North, and the mouth of the Ko- 
 vyma, is i<5 leagues in longitudinal extent. About 
 a third of this dillanre from the Kovyma, eallward, 
 was explored in 1721, by leiloi AmolFoll", a Sinbojar- 
 Ikoi of Jakurs, who iiiformcd Mr. Miiller, that its 
 direction waseallerly. .Siiuethat time, it has been fur- 
 vcyrd, with fome digree of .iccuracv, by ShalauroH, 
 whofe chart makes it trend to the N. r". by I"., as far as 
 .ShelatlVoi Nofs, whi( hiie places at the dillancc of about 
 4 { leagues to the F. of the Kovyma. The fpacc, 
 ilierefore, between this Nofs and Cape North, upwards 
 of 80 leagues, is the only part of the KufTian dominions 
 now remaining unexplored. If the Kovyma, how- 
 ever, be erroneoufly laid down, in point of longitude 
 a.i well as latitude (a Aippoiition by n«i means improba- 
 blcy the cxientof the unexplored coall wili diiiiintili in 
 
 prnponion. The rcafons which incline ui to imagine, 
 that in the Rulllan charts, the mouth of the river it 
 placed confiderably ion far ttt the W. are the fsllow 
 ing. Fiift, becnufe the accounts that have been given 
 of the navigation of the Frozen Ocean, from that ri- 
 ver, round the north-eaflern extreme of Afia, to the 
 gulf of Anadir, do not agree with the fuppofed diflancc 
 between thofc placet. Secondly, becaufe the diflance 
 from the Anadyr to the Kovyma, over law!, it reprc- 
 fented by former Kuflian travcllert at a journey nt no 
 very great length, and ealily perfbrtvied. Thirdly, be- 
 caufe the coaft from the Shelatfkoi Noft of ShalaurolF 
 appeart to trend dirc(flly S. E. fowanls the Cape. If 
 this be really the cnfo, it may be inferred, that, as we 
 were, in all probability, not more than one degree to 
 the fouihward of Shelatlkoi Nofs, only 60 miles of the 
 coall of Alia are unafcertained. 
 
 We are of opinion, thinking it highly probable, that 
 a N. W. paffage from the Atlantic into the Pacific 
 Ocean, docs not cxill to thefouthward of the 5 5th deg. 
 of latitude. If therefore a pallagc really ex ids, it mul^ 
 certainly be either through Baflin's Iwy, or by the N. 
 of (irccniand, in the weftern hemirpiere ; or ii\ the 
 callern, through the I'rozen .Sea, to the N. ol .Sibttia; 
 and on which ever ikie it is iituated, the navigator 
 mull paft through the flraits diftinguillied by theiiaiuc 
 of Deering's Straits. 'JTie impraClirnhility of pene- 
 trating into the Atlantic Ocean, on either fule. thrDugli 
 thcfc Straits, is therefore, all that now remains to be 
 ofli-red to the reader's conflderation. Here wc mull 
 previoufly obfervc, that the fea to the northward of 
 Bcering'i .Straits, was found by us to be more free from 
 ice in Augull than in July, and perhaps in fome part 
 of .September it may be (lill more clear of it. But, 
 after the autumnal equinox, the length of the da)s di- 
 minilhes fo fall, that no farther thaw tan be cx^nelrd j 
 and we cannot reafonably attribute fo great an etfect to 
 the warm weather in the firll fortnight of the month ol 
 .Spptember,a8 to imagine it capable of difi)erlinj; the ice 
 from the mod northern parts of the coall of America. 
 Admitting this, however, to bepoHJble, it mull at ieall 
 Ik allowed, that it would be highly abfurd to aitenip'.to 
 avoid the icy cape, by running to the known parts of 
 Bathn's Riv,(a dillancc of 420 leagues, or 1 i(>o miles) 
 in fo Ihort a (pace of time as that paffage can be fup- 
 pofed to remain open. On the fide of Alia there ap- 
 |)ears Hill lefs probability of fuccefs, not only from what 
 came to our knowledge, relative to the Hate of the fea 
 to the fouthward of Cape North, but likewile from 
 what we have gathered from the 'xpiricnie of the 
 lieuicnantJi under the diredion of Hccring, and the 
 jimrnal of Shalaurolf, rcfpedling that on the N. ot 
 .Siberia. But, th- pollibility of failing round the 
 north -eallern extremity of .Mia, it undoubtedly proved 
 '.>y the voyage of Deflinetf, if its truth be ailmitted ; 
 yet when we reP.e\fl, that lincc the time of that navi- 
 gator, near a century and a half has elnpfed, during 
 which, in an age of curiolity and cntcrpri/.e, no perfon 
 has yet been able to follow him, we can entertain nv 
 very great expci'lations of the public benefits to be de- 
 rived from it. But even on the fuptwfition, that, ir\ 
 fome remarkably favourable feafon, a vclTel ought find 
 a clear palfagc round the coall of Sihcria, and arrive 
 fafely at the mouth of the Lena, Hill there ivmains the 
 Cape of Taimura, extendingto the 78th dig. ot latitude. 
 which no navigator has hitherto had the gooii lortuni- 
 to double. .Some, however, contend, that there are 
 (Irong real'ont for believing, that the nearer approai h 
 we make to the pole, the fea is more dear of \lv and 
 that what malFcs we obferved in the lower latitudes, 
 had originally been formed in the great rivers of Si- 
 beria and America, by the breaking up of v hith the 
 intermediate fea had been filJeil. But even if that 
 fuppofiiion be true, it it no left certain, that there tan 
 be no acccl's to thofe ojien feas, unlefs this prodigious 
 malikof ICC Ihould be lo far diflblved in tie fummer, 
 as to admit of a fliip's making her way through it. l| 
 this be i» real fa^t, we macic choice of an improper 
 time of the )'i!'ar for attempting to difcovrr thispallngr, 
 
 whu h 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAOE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. (S27 
 
 which Ihould have been explored in the months of 
 April and May, before the riven were broken up. But 
 fcveral rpaTom n»y be alledged againlt fuch a Aippo- 
 fition. Our experience at Pt-tropaulowtka, gave ui an 
 opportunity of judging what might be expcAcd far. 
 ther northward ; aiM upon that ground, we had fomc 
 rcafon to entertain a doubr, whether the two continents 
 might not, durin{^ the winter, be even joined by the 
 ice; and this coincided with the accounts we received 
 in Kamtfchatlca, that, on the coaft of Siberia, the inha- 
 bitants, in winter, go out from the thore upon the ice, 
 todllhnccs thatcxceod the breadth of the fca, infomc 
 parts, from one continent to the other. 'Vhc following 
 rcmnrkablc particular is mentioned in the dcpofition 
 above rcirrrni to. Spcalcing of the land fi-cn from the 
 Tchiitflii Nofg, it is laid, that, during the fummcr, they 
 f lil in one day to the land in baidares, a kind of vcflcl 
 firmed of whale-bone, and covered with the (kins of 
 firals; and, in the winter, as they go fwift with rein-dccr, 
 the journey may be performed in a day. Mullcr's ac- 
 count of one of the expetiitions, undertaken tor the 
 pur|H)f(.- of difcoveringa fuppofed ifland in the Frozen 
 Sea, is ftill tnore rcnurkablc. His narrative is to the 
 following purnoit. In 1 71 4 a new expedition was pre- 
 
 £!>rcd from Jukutzk, under the condud of Alcxei 
 larkolV, who was to fet fail from the mouth of the 
 Jana; and <i' the Schitiki were not well adapted lor fca 
 voviigc*, he was to build, at a convenient place, proper 
 vcirds forprofccuiing ihedilcnveries without any great 
 rifqur. Upon his arrival at Ull.ianfkoeSimovie, the 
 port w here he was to embark, he difpatched an account, 
 dated the iml of February 171 5, to the Chancery of 
 Jakutik, iniimating, that it was imprndlicable to navi- 
 gate the fea, as it waii conHamly fro/.-n both in winter 
 and fummrri and that, confequently, ihe expedition 
 could only be profccuted in (ledges drawn by dogs. 
 He accordingly fet out in this manner, accompanied 
 with nine perfoni> the 16th of March, in the fame year, 
 and returncu to Ufl-jantkoeSimovie on the 3d of the 
 fiitcc.'ding month. The account of his journey is as 
 folliTws: thai fur the fpace of feven days, he travelled 
 witli as niU(h expedition as his dogs could draw, 
 (m hich in goxl trackx, and favourable weather, is from 
 Soto 1 00 wti fti a day) U) the northward, upon the ice, 
 without ohfervin^ any ifland: that he was prevented 
 from proccrding farther by the ice, which rofe like 
 mountains in that part of thefea: that he hadafcended 
 fame of thefc, whence he could fee to a great diibnce 
 around him, hut could difcern no land: and that, at 
 length, j)rovi: ions for his dogs bci::g cirficierit, many of 
 them died, v hich reduced niin to the nccetilty of re- 
 turning. 
 
 Bc^ivll^s the above-mentioned aiguments, which pro- 
 ceed ujwn an aiimifTionof the hy(>othe(is, that the ice 
 in this Ocean comes from the rivers, others may be ad- 
 duced, whit!) afford good icaCon for fufj^iecting the 
 truth of vhe hypothecs itfelf. t:aptain Cook, whofe 
 opinion, with regard to the formation of i< c, had ori- 
 ginally cointiied with that of :he theorifts wean now 
 endeavouring to confute, found lufficient grounds, in 
 tlie prefent voyage, for changing his fentiments. We 
 obferved, thai the eoafts of botii continents were low; 
 t'.at the depth of water gradually dccreafcd towards 
 them, and that a ftrikmp; refcnihlame prevailed between 
 the two; from which circumllanres, as well as from 
 the dcfcription given by Mr. Hcarnc of tlie coppcr- 
 tnjne river, we have room for conie<tlaring, that, what 
 ever rivers may difchargc themlelves into the Fio/en 
 fJccan, from the continent of America, »rr of a fimi- 
 iar nature with thofe on the Aliatic lidcj which arc 
 f.tid to be fo fliallow at their entrum r, as to admit only 
 velTels of inconliderable magnitude j whereas the ice 
 fecn by us, rifcs above the level of the (ea, to « height 
 that e<|uals the depth of thofe nvers; fo that its entire 
 altitude murt lie, at leaft, ten times greater. Agotlier 
 < iicuinrtancc will naturally olfer itlill in this place to 
 our conlideration. which fecms to be very incompati- 
 ble with the opmion of thofe who fuppofe thai land is 
 ncccffary for the formation of ice, we mean the dif- 
 ferent Hate of the fe» about Spitlbcrgen, and of that 
 
 which is to the northward of Beering's Straits. It is 
 incumbent on thofe objcAon to explain how it happens, 
 that in the former quarter, and in the neighbourhood 
 of murh known land, navigators annually penetrate to 
 near 80 deg. of northern latitude: whereas, on the 
 other fide, no voyager has been able loprcKeed with his 
 utmoft eftbrts beyond the 71 (\ deg. wpere, ntoreover, 
 the continents diverge nearly in the diredUon of E. and 
 W. and where there is not any land known to exirt in 
 the vicinity of the pole. For the farther fatisfii^ion of 
 our readers on this fubjeft, we refer them to Dr. For- 
 fter's •• Obfervations round the world," where they will 
 find the quellion of the formation of the ice, difcufTed 
 in a full and fatisfaiflory manner, and the probability 
 of open polar feas difproved by many forcible argu- 
 ments. 
 
 In order to give thefe obfervations their full force, 
 we beg leave to fubjoin a comparative view of the pro- 
 grefs made by us to the northward, at the two different 
 fcafons in which we were occupied in that purfuitj to- 
 gether with fome general remarks refpedmg the fea, 
 and the coafls of the two continents, which he to the 
 N. of Beering's Straits. In 1778, we did not difcover 
 the ice. till we advanced to the latitude of 70 deg. on 
 the 1 7th of Auguif ; and then we found it in compact 
 bodies, which extended as far as the eye could difcern, 
 and of which the whole, or a part, was in motion, 
 finre, by its drifting down U]wn our (hips, we were al- 
 moft hemmed in between that and the land. Aft ' 
 we had experienced, both how fruitlefs and dangerous 
 it would be to atteinpt to penetrate farther to the north- 
 ward between the land and the ice, we (lood ovct to- 
 wards the lideof Afia, between the latitudes of 69 deg, 
 and 70 deg. After having encountered in this track 
 very large fields of ice, snd though the fogs and ihick- 
 nefs of the weather prevented us from entirely tracing 
 aconneiSed line of it acrofs, yet we were certain of 
 meeting with it before it reached the latitude of 70 dec. 
 whenever we made any attempts to (land to the N. 
 On the 26th of Augull, we were in latitude 69 deg. 
 45 min. longitude 1 84 deg. obftrudled by it in futh a 
 manner, and in fuch quantities, that we could not pafs 
 either to the N. or W. and were under the necelTity of 
 running along the edge of it to the S. S. W. till we 
 perceived land, which proved to be the Afrtic coaft. 
 With the feafon thus far advanced, the weather fctting 
 in with fnow and fleet, and other indications of the ap- 
 proach of winter, wc relinquilhed our enterprize for 
 •' t time. 
 
 When we made a fecond attempt, the following fea- 
 fon, in 1779, we did little more th.in confirm the re- 
 marks made by us in the firfV ; for we never had an op- 
 portunity of approaching the continent of Alia in a 
 higher latitude than 67 deg. nor that of America in an*r 
 parts, except a few leagues between the latitude of 68 
 deg. and 68 deg. 20 min. that wc had not fecn the pre- 
 ceding year. We now met with obflruiilions fiom the 
 ice 3 deg. lower; and our efforts to make fanl.er pnv 
 grels to the northward, were chieHy conhned to the mid- 
 dle fpace between the two coafts. We penetrated near 
 J deg. farther on the fide of America, than that of 
 Afia, coming up with the ice both years fooner, and in 
 more conflderable quantities, on the latter coaft. As 
 we advanced in our northerly courfe, we found the ice 
 nu>!e (olid and comiMd: however, as in our different 
 tiaverfes from one fide to the other, we pafl'ed over 
 fpaces which had before been covered with it, we ima- 
 gined, that the greatcft part of what we (aw was move . 
 able. Its height, on a medium, wc effimated at eight 
 or ten feet, and that of the highcft at 16 or 18 feet. 
 Wc again examined the currents twice, and found that 
 they were unequal, thoi h they never exceeded one 
 mile an hour. Wc like> "e found the currents to let 
 diffirrent ways, but more from the S. W. than from any 
 other quarter ; vet whatever their direction might be, 
 their eflW was fo inconiiderabic, that no conclulions, 
 with refpedt to the rxiftence of any paffagc towards 
 the N. could pnffibly be drawn from them. Wc (bund 
 July much colder than Augtft. The Thermometer, 
 in the I ft of thefe months, waa once at 38 deg. and fre. 
 
 quentljr 
 
628 
 
 CaptXOiOK's VOYAGE'S C O M rt'E T E. 
 
 i 
 
 I J 
 
 quemly at 30 Hcg. whfre**, during the laft fwfon, in 
 1778, It was very uncommon in Auguft. W huve it fo 
 low ai the Ireczing lipjnt. In both (t»Si)n*, . wc «)cp«i 
 T'cnccd fomc high wind#, all of whish bUw from the & 
 n . Whenever the wind vu nnod«rate fn>in anf qiiMt 
 tcr> wc were fubjed to fqgp 1 but they were,ph|cnv«a lo 
 attend fouthcrly wind* more connantly than othcrt. 
 The ftraits, between the American and Afiatic conti* 
 nciiis, at their ncareft approath. in lai> 66 deg. were afi 
 ccrui;icd by ii« to be 1 •} la^in;», of 39 miles, beyond 
 which they diverge to N. U. by H. and W. N. W. and 
 in the lat. ot 69 dcg. their ddlaiicc from eartl^oth^r t« 
 abouf 300 nules, or 100 leagues. In the afpofl of the 
 two countries to the N. of the ftraits, a great rcfem- 
 blancc is difcernible. Both of them arc deHitute of 
 wood. The rtiOrcs arc low, with mountains farther in- 
 land, riCng to a great heig^jt. The f«Hindings, in the 
 midway of ihc lliaits, were 29 and .<o fathoms, gradu- 
 ally dccrcafing as we approached either continent ; with 
 
 thia difference, however', that the water waa fomewhat 
 flMllowpt p««hc coift of America, than on (hat of Afia. 
 at ^ catMl 4i(lMce from land. The bottom. towarA 
 the middle, waa a foft flimy mud; and near cither 
 flwrf, it vat a bi»wni<h fand, intermixed with a ftw 
 (heUij Mid fmall fragment! of ftonei. We found but 
 little tide or curitnt, and that came from the W. BiZ 
 on the 30th of July, in the prcfem year 1779, when in 
 Uccrmgfs Strait*, and (leering to the iouth ward, we found 
 a current fo ftrong at to make our paflage both diflkult 
 and dangerous. It fet at this time to Sc N. W. Wc 
 might to thcfe oblervationi. which, wc doubt nor. will 
 be highly acceptable to our very numerous fricndt an4 
 fubfcribers, add fomc others ; but wc apprehend, they 
 will think, with us. that it is now time to rcfume the 
 narrative of pur voyage, which wat broken off o.i the 
 31ft of July, on which day, at noon, wc had proceeded 
 1 8 Icaguet to the fouthward of the Eaft Cape. 
 
 C H 
 
 A ) P. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Il/jlory of the vnutgr conlimied — P/tft the iJhmJs of St. Lntrnirc ttiui M^Jnii — Our Cotumettorf, Captain Clerke. aiifitied 1$ 
 b:s Jick if J, wiibmi Ijj[h> «/ nrnrry—Hii Jtiiib, niiii fMihfti fcriHCt — Ibf Rejoltitim and Difcaivn return to St. Pettr 
 athi Si. I'riul — homoiions awmg^ the nfficrrt, in (oiifeiftfna^ tf tlv Comiinihrt's drall'-^h'imcral of CJpiaiH C'nke, and the 
 
 ^/olniritift altaidm):^ 11 — liifcrip/ion.i to bn memnry — l^'llirj'rmii tbr Ctmmtimkr of Snhberttik tt CiPluiii QDre—Afup- 
 fly <ifflutir, Hilda riinfirtniunt of J\u//iati fo/durs — //// ariWiit ot .1 nmarKnl'le exile — Bear hunlinf, and lijhtnr parlies—' 
 
 f articular di/i riplwii uf the former drjerim — TVv Kmv's Ciroiiation letibratfd — A vijil from the Commandrr DifcU 
 
 pline ofll>e military umiij' tl<e HiijILms—Mannrr r/biinlini tlv />rari, and ciirioiu partiaiiar.< rr/pe^/ing ibofe animaJ]-~ 
 
 __ A flip ply of cattle reci\~ird-—EnliTtaiiimeiits in I'OMom- of it<- I'.mprrfs' .< name-day — Prrfiiit from ibe Commander Tbe 
 
 RcfilMinii and OifcoiYry 7c/nk out of Au-at/ia Biiy — Jbal &iy drf riled — .idiwiomiial and nautical rciiiarks-—A circuntm 
 ftautial,full, iimi complete gei^r.ipbii aland bifioricalaccoiint and uarraliie of Kampt/ihatka. 
 
 ON Sunday, the ill of Augufl, 1779, weobrcrvc<l 
 in lat. 64 (leg. 2^ niin. long. i!<9dcg, 15 min. 
 at which time the Aliaiic coall extended fniin 
 N.W'.by W.toW.halt S.dillant i a leagues, and the land 
 to the I!, of St. Lawrence bore S. half W. On the 3(1, the 
 weather beinj; tie *c faw the fame land again, at 
 noon, extending frt V. S. W. half W. to S. K, and 
 torinin}; fevcral elcvi, hummocks, which had the ap- 
 pearance uf fi'parate ilu' i|s. Our lat. this day, at noon, 
 wc found tobe^4dcg 3 niivi, long. i89(!eg.2S n>iu. and 
 our (oundinj^s «ere 17 iathoiii3.\\'c were not near enough 
 to this land to afceituin, whether it was a ^roiipot illamis, 
 or only :i liiit;le one. Wc had pallid it.s moll wcl'erly 
 point in the evening of the 3d of July, which we tfien 
 iapi>oled to be the llle ot St. L^awrena-; the calU-rniiioll 
 we iailed tlofe by m Septcinb<*r, the i)recedmg icar, and 
 this we denominated Gierke's illand, and found it coin- 
 i/ofed of a numlwr ol lofty cliHs,connci.ied by very low 
 land, i hoii^h thoft tlifl* werenullaken by us, lal\ year, 
 lor feparate illands, till wc made a very near approach 
 to the Iborc, wc are Hill inclined to conjcolure, that the 
 llle of St. L.awrence u diftinct from Gierke's Ifland, as 
 there appeared lictwecn them a confidcrablc fpace, where 
 we did not obferve the leaf! appe.irancc of riling ground. 
 In the aftern(M>p, wc likewilc faw what had the appear- 
 aii'c of A fmall illaml, to the N. \i. of the land that we 
 had Iccn at noon, and which, from the thic kncfs of the 
 weather, wc had only (ight of once. We fuppofed its 
 diftance to be 19 leagues from the illand of St. Law- 
 rence, in the direction of N. E. by E. half li. On the 
 jd, we had light variable winds, and fleered round the 
 N. W. point of the Ide of .St. Lawrence. In the after- 
 noon, a trclli brerte riling from theE. wc fleered to the 
 S. S. W. and quickly loft (ight of St. Lawrence. On Sa- 
 turday, the 7th, at noon, wc obf'.rvrd in lat. 59 dcg. 38 
 mm. long. 183 deg. At four o'cii ., having a dead 
 cilm,part of the companies of both Ibips were employed 
 in h'hing, and taught a number of fine large cod, in 1 7 
 latlioms water, which were diltributed equally among 
 the crews. To this place wc gave the name of the Bank 
 of (icod IVovidencc, and as foon .is the l>reeie fpning 
 up, we made fail, and ftood t^ "^. W. but we were forced 
 more to the caftward than wc wifticd, it being our m- 
 
 3 
 
 tcntion to make Bcering's Ifland. Cn Tuefday, the 
 lOih, we were, hy obfervatinn, in lat. 56 deg. 37 min. 
 Friday, the 13th, we difpatched a boat to the Dii'co. 
 very, tor the purpofc of comparing time, ami llie car., 
 ricd thedifagreeahle iniclligcnce, that Cnpta in Gierke 
 had been gisen over by the furgeon. The weather 
 fallmg calm, we hove to, in order to get fome fiflt for 
 the lit k : a few were caught, and dilTributcd accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 On Tucfdiy, the 17th, .it five o'clock, A. M. the 
 man ac the niall-head called out. Land to the N. W. 
 Thi» we imagined to be the illaiul of Mednoi, which, 
 in the Rullian chaits, is placed to the .S. E. of Beenng's 
 Illaiul. It IS elevated land, and was at this time appa- 
 rently tree from fnow. By our reckoning, it lies in lat. 
 54 dcg. 2S min. long. 167 deg. 52 min. Captain 
 Gierke, now [H-rcciving his end drawing near, lignified 
 his defire, that the oflicers would receive their orders 
 from Ml. king; and dircded, for the lift time, that wc 
 flioiild repair, with all convenient fpccd, to the Bay of 
 Awaifka. The wind continuing wefterly, wc held on 
 a fonthirly courfc, till Thurfday, the i^th, when, air-jr 
 a few hours continuance of rain, early in the morning, 
 It blew from the E. and became a ilrong gale. Wc 
 made the moft of it, by ftanding towards the W. with 
 til the fail wc couid carry. On the 20ih. the wind va- 
 rying to the S. W. we llcercd a W. N. \N . coiirfe. At 
 noon, Hcobfcrved in lat. (,\ dcg. 7 min. long. 162 deg. 
 49 min. On Saturday, the 21ft, between five and fix 
 o'clock, A. M. wcdeftricd a very lofty peaked moun- 
 tain, on thecoaft of Kamtfchaika, known bv the name 
 of Che[VM>n(koi mountain, hearing N. W. by N. and 
 diftant near 30 leagues. At noon, the coaft was oh- 
 fervcd to extemi liom N. by E. to W. with a very great 
 hazinefs ii[>on it, and diftant aliout 1 2 leagues. 
 
 On Sunday the 2;nd, at nine o'clock, A. NL a boat 
 was fent off to the iJifcovery, to announce to Captain 
 f fore, the ilcath of our Coiuinodorc, Captain Charles 
 Gierke, who paid the debt of nature when in the 38th 
 year ot hn age. Ilisileath was on alioned by a con- 
 fainprion, which had inanifellly conmiencril before his 
 iWpnrture from England, and of which he had hn« 
 I'cud du'iny; the whole continiuiKc ol tlic vovagc. 
 •'Jii u> . His 
 
Imewhtt 
 
 ofAfia, 
 
 towarcK 
 
 |tr cither 
 
 > few 
 
 und but 
 
 ,/. Bui 
 
 I when in 
 
 |we found 
 
 I diflkult 
 
 We 
 
 I nor, win 
 
 lenrlt and 
 
 lend, they 
 
 Ifume the 
 
 Iflfon the 
 
 proceeded 
 
 .h'« V. 
 
 -. -.^ 
 
 nnfined /$ 
 
 '0 i't. Peler 
 ke, and the 
 ■C'- A flip' 
 f par/Iff — 
 rr— DiJcU 
 animals-^ 
 omin — The 
 —A circum- 
 
 -.i 
 
 ucfday, the 
 LR. ;n inin. 
 the Dilco- 
 nA ftie car^ 
 ;tain Gierke 
 he weather 
 bnic lifl) for 
 ted accord- 
 
 A. M. the 
 
 I the N. W. 
 Inoi, which, 
 of llecring's 
 I tiiucapm- 
 it hcsinlat. 
 II. Captain 
 ar, hgnificd 
 their orders 
 imc, that wc 
 
 the Bay of 
 we held on 
 when, alrtr 
 
 he niornine, 
 ; gale. VVc 
 the W. with 
 he wind va- 
 
 courfc. At 
 nj;. 162 Ava. 
 
 tivc and fix 
 akfd nioun- 
 bv the n^iiiic 
 '. by N. and 
 oart was ob. 
 
 1 a very great 
 lies. 
 
 I. M. a boat 
 e to Captain 
 itain Charles 
 1 in the {Sth 
 ei) by a con- 
 nl before his 
 he ha(i iin- 
 1 the vovage. 
 ■ His 
 
 Kit very gradual decay had for a long time rendered 
 him a melancholy objc^ to hii friend»( but the firm- 
 neft and equanimity with which be bore the flow ap- 
 
 RrOBcheiof death, thcconftantflowof Rood fpirits whuh 
 e retained even to the laft hour, and a chearful refig- 
 nation to the decree of heaven, furniflied them with 
 Tome confolation. It was impofllble not to feel an un- 
 common degree of compaflion for a gentleman, who 
 ]uul experienced a feriei of thofe difficulties and hard- 
 (hip*, which muft be the inevitable lot of every fea- 
 man, and under which he at laft funk. He was bred to 
 the navy from his youth, and had been in many cn- 
 
 ftgements during the war which commenced in 1756. 
 n the a(flion between the Bellona and Courapeux, he 
 was ftaiioned in the miien-top, and was carried over- 
 board with the mart J but was taken up, without having 
 received the leaft injury. He was midftiipman on 
 board the l^lphin, commanded by Commodore By- 
 ron, when (he nrft failed round the world; and was af- 
 terwards on the American (lation. In the year 1768, 
 he engaged in a fecond voyage round the world, in the 
 iituation of mafter's mate of the Endeavour 1 and, 
 during that expedition, fucceeded to a lieutenancy. 
 In the Refolution he made a third voyage round il.c 
 world, in the capacity of fecond lieutenant: and, in a 
 ihort time after his rcturo, he was appointed mailer 
 »nd commander. In the prefent expedition, he was 
 aupointed Captain of theDifrovcry,and to accompany 
 Ciptain Conk. By the calamitous death of the latter, 
 he fucceeded of courfe, as we have already related, to 
 the chief command. It would favour of injuftice and 
 ingratitude, not eo mention, that, during the (hrirt time 
 he was Commodore, we always obfcrved him to be re- 
 markably zealous for the fucecfs of the expedition. 
 When the principal command devolved upon him, his 
 health began rapidly to decline ; and he was unequal, in 
 •very refped, to encounter the feverity of a high nor- 
 thern climate. The vigour of his mind, however, was 
 not, in the leaft, impaired by the decay of his body: 
 and though he was perfe<fUy fenftblr, that his delaying 
 to return to a warmer region, was depriving himfclf of 
 the only chance of recovery ; yet, fo attentive was he 
 to his duty, that he was determined not to AifTcr his 
 own fituation to bias his judgment to the prejudice ot 
 the fervice: he therefore perfevered in the fearch of a 
 paflage, till every officer in both (liips, declared they 
 were of opinion it was impraflicable, and that any far- 
 ther attempts would be equally hazardous and incHec 
 tuaf. 
 
 The melTenger who was fent to the Difcovery with 
 the melancholy news of our Commodore's death, brought 
 a letter fi im Captain Gore, containing an order fur 
 Captain King to exert his utmoft endeavours to keep 
 in company with the Difcovery, and, if a ft-paration 
 iliould nap()en, to repair as foon as po<lible, to St. Peter 
 and St. Paul. At noon, wc were by obfervation in lat. 
 V< dcp. 8 min. long. i6odcg. 40 min. E. Cheepoon- 
 Ikoi Nofs bearing W. On the ^yA, we ftcered for the 
 entrance of Awatlka Biiy, which wc faw in the eun- 
 ing, at the diHancc of 5 leagues. At eight o'clock, the 
 light-houle, which now fuiniftied a j^od light, bore 
 W. N. by VV. { miles didant. It was now a pcrfecl 
 calm, but, the tide being favourable, our boats were fent 
 a-hcad, which towed us beyond the narrow parts of the 
 mouth of ihc harbour. On the 24th, at one o'clock 
 A. M. we dropped anchor, the ebb tide felting againft 
 us. At nine, we weighed, and before three P. M. 
 wc anchored in the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul ; 
 having up our enfign half llafl', as the body of our late 
 Captain was in the vellcl; and the Difcovery followed 
 u^ in a very fliort time. Both fhips were moored in 
 four tathonia water, muddy botton. From the time 
 wc had fet fail out of this bay, till thz prefent time of 
 our return, we had been in no harbour to refit, and had 
 been driven from illand to ifland, and from one continent 
 to the other, tillour ftiips had in a manner loft their 
 ftieathing, and were otherwife in a miferable condi- 
 iion; wc therefore thought ourfclvcs exceeding happy 
 in arriving at jwrt. Soon after we had anchored, ve 
 were vifited by our old friend the Scijcant, Hill tlw com- 
 %'•». 77. 
 
 
 manding officer, who brought with him a prefent of 
 berries, intended for our late Commodore. He was 
 much affcded at hearing of his (jeath, and feeing the 
 coffin that contained his remains. As the deccafcd had 
 particularly rcquefted to be buried on ftiore, and gave 
 the preference to the church at Paratouncn, wc con- 
 fulted the Serjeant about the neccflary fleps to be taken 
 on this occafton, who referred us to the prieft, as being 
 the pcrfon beft qualified to give us information on this 
 fubjcA. At the fame time he (Ignihed his intention of 
 fending an cxprefs to the Commander of Bolcheretflc, 
 with an account of our arrival; wheii Commodore 
 Gore begged to avail hinnf^If of that opp<^rtunity of 
 conveying a letter to him, wherein he requefted that 
 1 6 head of black cattle might be fent with all poflible 
 difpatch. At thU timet ^'* i'e(;eiyed intelligence of 
 SopofnicolTa arrival from Oonalalhka, who took charge 
 of the pacquet fent by Captain Cook to the Admiralty, 
 and which wehad the pleafure tc, And, had been for< 
 warded 
 
 ^VcdnelUay, the 45th, ir tf>< h)orhing. Captain Gore, 
 ',1 confequence of the ueath of our late Commodore, 
 made out the new commiffions He himfclf fucceeded 
 to the chief command in the Refolution; and our 
 lieutenant, Mr. King, was appointed Captain of the 
 Difcovery. Mr. Lanyan, mafter's mate of the ReCi). 
 lurion, and wh6 had been in that capacity, in a forihef 
 voyage, qn board the Adventure, was appointed to the 
 vacant iieiitcnancy. In confequence of thefc arrange- 
 mcnts, the following promotioiis took place. Lieute- 
 nants Bumey and Rickman {trOm the Difcovery) w'pre 
 appointed ftrft and fecond lieu'rdh'ahts of the Refolution i 
 and lieuttrnan^ Williamfon firll1l(iitenant of the Dif- 
 covery. Captain King, by 'he permiffion of the Com- 
 modore, took in four midftiipmen, who had rendered 
 themfelvcs ufeful to him in agronomical Calculations ; 
 and whofe afTif^a^ce was become the more neccflary, as 
 we had not ari ephemeris for the ptefcnt year. And 
 that aftronomical obfervations mi^t not be negledicd 
 to be made in either (hip, Mr. Bayly took Captain 
 King's place in the Refolution, for thefc purpofes. This 
 ilay w c wei ? attended by the Pope RomanOlf Verefha- 
 gen, the worthy prieft of Paratounca. His exprcf- 
 ftons of forrow for the death of Captain Clerke did ho- 
 nour to his feelings; but the good old gentleman, 
 though much concerned, ftai'ted fcveral dlRKulties.and 
 appeared rather unwilling tO comply with the requeft 
 of the deccafed. He urged, among other objcfllons, 
 that the Church was foon to be pulled down ; that every 
 winter it was three feet deep iit water; and that in 9 
 few years no veftigc of it would rcitlain, as the new 
 church was to be ercfted near the Oftrog of Awatflta, 
 upon a drier and more convenient fpot. He therefore 
 advifcd, that the remains of bUr late Commodore 
 fliould be depoftted at the foot of a tree, the fcite of 
 which was to be included in the body of the new church, 
 where the bones of the Captain might probably reft 
 for ages undifturbed; howeve'i*, hefubmitted the choice 
 of either place entirely to Ciptiin Gore.' Thefe rea- 
 fons, whether real or fuflitious, the officers who had 
 charge of the ru\i)m1 could not difprovc, and there- 
 fore foiiic of our people had orders to dig the grave 
 where the prieft (bould diredl. 
 
 The Dilcovery having fuftercd great injury from the 
 ice, efpecially on the ajd of July, and continued ex- 
 ceeding leaky ever fince, it was apprehended that fome 
 of her timbers might have ftarted:" our carpenters were 
 therefore fent to r.ifill thofe of the Difcovery in repair- 
 ing her. To accommodate thofe who were to be em- 
 ployed on fliorc, a tei»t w*i eretflcd, and a party was 
 fent into the country, north of the harbour, to fell tim- 
 ber. The obfrrvatories were placed at xSe well end of 
 the village, near wh-c'i waseredled a tent as an abode 
 for the Commodore- and Captain King. When the 
 carpenters began to rip the damaged ftieathing from 
 the larboard bow, it was difcovcred, that three feet of 
 the third ftrakc were ftavrd, and the timbers ftartcd: 
 and as they proceeded, the decayed ftatc of the (hip's 
 hull became more and more Apparent: The (cafon be- 
 ing now far advanced, Ciptain King was unwilling that 
 7 U any 
 
 1ilte- 
 
 .1>^ 
 
630 
 
 Capt. CQOK't VOYAGES CpMPLETE. 
 
 W¥i 
 
 I'll I 
 
 v^ 
 
 Mm 
 
 i\ 
 
 mW 
 
 ■ ' 
 
 any hindrance or delay fhould ,happcn through bim, 
 to Captain Gore'i farther views of difcovery.and there- 
 fore ordered the carpenters to rip otT no more of 'he 
 Ihcathinpr, than (hould be abfoKiicJy nccefTary for re- 
 pairing the damages occafioned by the ice. lie was 
 apprehennve of their nieeti|ng with more decayed planks, 
 which he thought hiid bietCer rdfriain in th^it llatc, than 
 have their places fupplied with jirecrjr bireh, even fi^ 
 parin(; it could be procured. All hands were now fully 
 cmplovcd in their fcp.iratc.drpartmcnts, that we might 
 be pcrfcdiy ready for fca, by the time the carpenters 
 bad completed their bufmefs. Four men ytcre fct 
 apart (6 haul the fc^nc for (almpn, which were caught 
 in in\mcrtfc quaiiUties, and we foutjd them pf mpft vx- 
 celk^it quiMty. A^jer ^hc Wants of bot^ (ivp were 
 fufflciently ruppTiea, we .^daily fajte*!} down aimod a 
 hoglhcad. We had four lav^fids, who were employed 
 in gathering grcciif, and copkihg for thofc who were 
 aflui-e. Wej tifo landed jHir cowder, in order to 
 have it driCit; ahd'thc btuDDer or the fea hnrfcp, with 
 which both Ihips had qpmplcfcly furqiQicd iheinfelvcs, 
 in our paflagc to the i|ta;rtn, wa| noy failed down fur 
 oil, ana was become a very nraOi^ry. article, having 
 i<)ng fince exuended #11 our capoiev "iTKe cooper was 
 alfocmploycdin his.^jepartrtKnt, , jwith (|tip« compa- 
 nies Were thutf engaged till l^aturqay/ ^h« 38th, in the 
 yfterHnnn, which yias ^llo.wed 'o «very. nian (except the 
 carp nt.rs) to Wa(h thiir linch, and get their cinihcs in 
 tolerable order, that on Sunday they niight m^^ ,» de.. 
 cent appearance. 
 
 On Sunday, the 39^!^ yie pcffipmjrcd the laft affcift- 
 fng o'.licesat the intenn<;;>t of Captain Clcrke. our late 
 much refpcAed Commraore ; and to make the fufirial 
 the more fojcmn, every officer ,was dcfired to ^ appear }n 
 his uniform; the marines were ordered to be drawn up 
 under arms; and the cothhion men to be drcflcd as 
 nnrly alike as polTible, in order to attend the corpfe 
 fr jm the wqter-fidc to t|)e grave. All the KufTiant in 
 thegarrifon alTcmbl^d on the occafion, affiftingrcliKfl- 
 fully in the foleinnity, and the worthy paftor of Par^. 
 tounea Joined in the proceflidn, waijcing with the gen- 
 tleman who read the fervice. The fliips, at the fame 
 time fired ininutc gtms, and the drums, muffled as 
 ufual, beat the dead march. When the corpfe arrived 
 nt the grave,. U was depolited under a triple difcharge 
 of three vollics, fired bv tbc marines^ which concluded 
 the burial fervice. When the ^rfivc wu covered, it 
 was thought proper to fence it in by piles driven deep 
 in the ground, and afterwards to fill up the fpacc in- 
 tlofed with ftones and c^rth, to prefervc the body from 
 being devoured in the winter by bears, qr other w iid 
 hearts, who are remarkable for their fagacity in fee nt- 
 ing out the bodies of dead paflTengers, when any hap. 
 pen to jjcrifli, and arc buried near the roads. Thij 
 niournuil ceremony being over, an cfcutcheon wa» 
 prepared, and neatly painted by the ingenious Mr. 
 Webber, with the Captain's coat of arms properly em- 
 blazoned, and placed in the church of Par.tounca. 
 Underneath the ekutcheoh v/as the following; iafcrip- 
 tion. 
 
 There lie '.nterred at the for,i of a vvrc, 
 near the Ofliog of St. Peterand St. Paul, 
 The Bod- of 
 CHAl ^ES CLERKE, Efqulrc, 
 Comr a ^Jero^ .<is Britanni.^ Majefty's 
 Ships the Rcfolution am 3ii wery ; 
 To wh t.' he fuccecdcd on .iic iJeath of 
 J..>iES COOK, Efquirc, 
 Who was killed by the natives of an Idand ue 
 difcovered 'n the South Sea, after having ex- 
 plored tht Cisft of America, from 4J licg. 
 27 min. to 7odeg. 40min. 57 fct. N. 
 in fearch of a N. W. palfage 
 from EUROPE to the 
 EAST-INDIES. 
 The Second Attempt being made by 
 Captain Qerke, who failed within fotne tew 
 Leagues of Captain Cook; but was brought 
 up By a folid body of Ice, which he found 
 from the America to the Alia fhcc, 
 
 k 
 
 and almrtft trrndcd due EiJl and 
 
 Weft— He died at Sea, 
 
 on his return to the 
 
 Southward, on the 
 
 3:nd Day of *• 
 
 Auguft,i779, 
 AgedjS ^ears. 
 
 Another infcription was affixed to the tree uaJer 
 which he was interred. This tree Hands on a little 
 eminence, in the valley, ncth of the harbour, (and at 
 foniediftance from the town\ where the florc-houfcn 
 and hofpital arc fituated. ami round which frveral Ruir 
 fian^ciukmeq had bcxii buried; Im;.- no .c Vhighuixm 
 tile eiuincnie as the fjiot pointed out for the grave ol 
 Captain Clerkc, and which Captain Gore fuppofed to 
 be fuch a fituation, as was moll confonant to the willn-s 
 of the deirari-d. 'the inlcriptinn at this place was 
 nearly the fume as that in the Churcl^ and U as fvUowv 
 
 Beneath thistree lies the Boily of 
 
 Captain CHARLES CLERKE, Efquire, 
 
 Comnianderof Mis Britannic Majefty's 
 
 Shi^,s, the Rcfolution and Difcovvry: 
 
 Whic*^ Command he fuccccded to, on the 1 4th 
 
 of (February, 1 770, on the Peath of 
 
 Captain JAMES COOK, 
 
 Who was killed by the Natives of fottie 
 
 Illands he difcovered in the South 
 
 Sea, on the Date above. 
 
 CAPTAIN CLERKE Died at Spi, 
 
 pf a lingering lllnefs, on the 22ad Day of 
 
 Augyft, 4779, 
 
 In the 38th Year of his Age : 
 
 And was Interred on Sunday, the ayth following. 
 
 On this occnfiun the ckws of both ftiips were fnf- 
 fcrcd to continue on fliore, and to divert themfelvcs, 
 each as he liked beft. It was Captain Clerke's dcfire 
 that they fliould have double allowance for three days 
 fucccfTively, and all that while to be exciifed from evert- 
 other duty, than what the ordinary attendance in the 
 ftiips required ; but the fcafon being far advanced, ami 
 a long track of unknown fea to travcrfe before they 
 could reach China, theotficers reprefenting thchardlhipa 
 Vtd inconveniences that Co much loll time might bring 
 upon themfelvcs, thev very readily gave up that part ui 
 the Captain's requclt, and returned to their relpedive 
 duties early the next day. Accordingly, on Monday 
 the 30th, the feveral parties reaflTumed their allotted cm- 
 ploy mentu; and on the and of September, the carpen- 
 ters proceeded to rip off fych of the Iheathing as had 
 been injured by the ice, from I. . ftarboard-f'^e 1 hav- 
 ing (in) tliifced the datmged planks, and u; aired and 
 caulkci^i the thcatbing oi the larboar \\m. Four feet 
 of the pl^tiil- wt '>- difcovercil in the third f* .lii;: nder 
 the wait, I / mufii ihakcn 1? to require to it ' .|>iaced j 
 wiiich was accordingly done; and on the ]d the ihcaih • 
 ing was repaired. In the afternoon we get fome liai 
 lafton '. Mrd; after which we unhung the ■ 'der, and 
 caufed it to be conveyed on ftiorc, the leao of the pin- 
 tles hc'n^ much worn, and a confidenible part of the 
 (heaHii ^ -.ibbed off This day an enfign at' * '~d from 
 BolclK c li, with a letter from the Commaniioc of that 
 place tc Captain Gore ; from which, by the aftlftance of 
 the IcfTAnt, we undcrflood, that pro|>er orders ha<l been 
 gi» 11 •-•ipec'tingthec.ittle; and that in a few days we 
 might expc«fl to fee them: to which waa added, tha» 
 Captain Shmalcrt", who fuc ceded Major Bchm, irt 
 his command, would pay us i "'fit on th, arrival of a 
 floop which He txixifled from (Jkotlk- The W ..rer of 
 the Ictur was a fon of Captain Lieutenant Synd, wh<» 
 about eleven years ago, was appointed 10 the command 
 of an eii|]cditioii on difcovery, be' ^ * ACa and Ame- 
 rica, and now rclidc' a Okotfk. i le told us he was 
 appointed to rccei : .it d.i dions, and to fupply us 
 with every thing that our fervice might require: that 
 he flicnild rcma n with us, till it was convenient for the 
 Coiimiamlcr to i.v : bolchereilk; and then he was to 
 return, or ihc u.-nubn would be without an oftircr. 
 
 The 
 
 A'^Mt' '<:■,. . '^ 
 
ree uoJcr 
 un a licite 
 (and at 
 orc-houfcii 
 veral Kul'r 
 high u|x)n 
 le grave ol 
 upiwfed to 
 the wiOk* 
 place was 
 ai fuUuw^ 
 
 fquire, 
 
 ry: 
 ;he 14th 
 
 uf 
 
 )me 
 
 h. 
 
 ay of 
 
 oHowing. 
 
 pt were fuf. 
 themfclvc*, 
 crke's Jclire 
 three dayi 
 d from cvcr»' 
 ]ance in the 
 Ivanccd, and 
 
 before they 
 thchardniips 
 tnight bring^ 
 I that part ut 
 cir refpciflivc 
 , on Monday 
 r allotted cm- 
 , the carpcii- 
 ihing as had 
 d-C'^cj hav- 
 
 ij;4ircdand 
 1. Four feet 
 
 (* .ik; ndcr 
 
 yt ' . i^taced ) 
 |d tlie (heath ■ 
 (ct fome ba^ 
 r . I 'der, and 
 a of the pin- 
 !e part of the 
 I ar' vr-dfrom 
 ianu>.v of that 
 e afliftanie of 
 ders had been 
 
 few days we 
 
 added. tha<r 
 or Ikhm, in 
 iv arrival of a 
 The b* .<rer of 
 nt Synd, wh«> 
 the con\iiiand 
 ,(ia ami Ainr- 
 Id ut he was 
 d to fupply lis 
 
 require: that 
 
 enirnt for the 
 
 len he uas to 
 
 3Ut an ollifpr. 
 
 The 
 
 The RulPians, in Kamtfchatko. could not furnidi us wiih 
 a better account of Synd than Mr. Coxe has given u«t 
 f'ti.ugh they feemcd difpofed to communicate, without 
 refcrve, what they really knew. From Major Ikhm we 
 had received only this general information j that thecx- 
 
 Kdition had miicarried, and that the Commander had 
 en cenlured. It was evident, that he had been on the 
 coaft of America, fouth of Cape Prime of Wales % and 
 as he was too far north to meet with fca otters, which 
 the Kufllans feem to have in view in all their attempts 
 •t difcoveries, it is probable, that hi* return without 
 having made any, from whence commercial advantages 
 wight be reaped, was the caufe of his difgracc, and on 
 that account his voyage is fpoken of with contempt 
 by all the Ruflians. On Sunday, the jth, all the par 
 tics that were on fliorc returned to the (hip, and were 
 employed in ftrubhing her bottom, and getting in fome 
 (hingle ballad. On Wcdnefdav, the 8th, wt- hauled the 
 Kcfolution on (liore, in order to repair fome damages 
 Ihc had received from the ice, in her cut-water. We 
 began, about this time, to make a (Irong dec«K'lion Irom 
 a (pecies of dwarf pine, which is very plentiful in this 
 country, (udging it would hereafter be u(<;ful in making 
 beer.and that we might perhaps be able to procure fugar, 
 or a fubftitute, to ferment with it, at (Janton. We knew, 
 however, it would be an admirable medicine for the 
 fcurvy, and therefore were particularly defirous of pro- 
 curing a confiderable fupply 1 as molt of the preventa- 
 tives with which he had lurni(hed ourfclves, were either 
 confumed, or had loft their efficacy through long keep- 
 ing. When we had prepared about a hogftiead of it, 
 the (hip's copper was found to be remarkalily thin, and 
 that, in many places, it was even cracked. This obliged 
 us to defift, and orders were given, that, for the future, 
 it (liould be ufcd as fparingly as poflible. Thofe navi- 
 gators, who may hereafter be engaged in long voyages, 
 would adl judiriouny if they provided themlclves with 
 a f|Kire copper^ or, at lea(\, they (hnuld lie fully con- 
 vinced, that the copper, ufually furnillicd, lliould Ik re- 
 markably (trong and durable. Thefe necefTary utenfils 
 are employed in fo many extra fcrvices, particularly in 
 that important one of brewing antifcorbiitic decodhons, 
 that fome fuch provifion feems nbfolutely necefTary ; and 
 the former appears the more eligible, becaufe a much 
 greater quantity of fuel would be confumed in heating 
 coppers that are very thick. 
 
 Friday, the i oth, in the morning, the boats from both 
 the Ihipa were ordered to tow a KulTinn galliot into the 
 harbour, which hadjtift arrived from Okot(k. She had 
 been no Icfs than 35 days on her palTage, and, from the 
 I.ight-houfe, had been obferved a tbrtnight before, 
 Ixating up towards the mouth of the Iwy. The crew 
 had at that time difpatched their b«>ut on fliore, in or- 
 der to procure water, which they much wanted; but, 
 the wind increaling, the boat was loH : the galliot was 
 again driven to fea, and thofe who w ere pafllngers fuf- 
 fercd, with the crew, inconceivable hardfliips. On board 
 this galliot were fifty foldiers.wiih their wives and chil- 
 dien i they had alfo other paltrngers, and the crew con- 
 fillcdof?.5 feamen, making in the whole, upwards of 
 100 jxrfons ; which, for a vclTel of 80 tons, was a great 
 number, cfperiallv as (he was heavily laden with ftores 
 and nrovifions. This galliot, and the (loon which we 
 faw here in May, arc built in the manner o( the Dutch 
 doggers. Soon after the \vKk\ had come to anchor, we 
 were vifited by a Put-parouchich, or fub-lieutenant, 
 who arrived in her, and lent to take the command of 
 Shis place. Some of the foldiers were intended ta rein- 
 (iirce the garrifon 1 and two pieces of cannon were 
 brought on (bore, to fcrvc at an additional defence to 
 the towi; ; fiir, the iMncIl fcrjoant obferved flirewdly, 
 that, as we had found the way here, others might do 
 the fame, who would not be (■ \» lione as ourfclves. 
 On the I ith, the damages o( .h Refoliition being re- 
 paired, we ha'iled her olf froic ihc (twrc, and, in the 
 courfe of the day, we got fome pitch, isr, cordage, and 
 IV 't'.c ♦^rom the galliot. She ai d (Vif nilhcd us with 1 40 
 Ikins of flour, aoKMiiting to 13,7?! Engli(h pounds 
 troy weight. On the 1 ith, Fndgii Svn.l left us to re- 
 turn to Bokhcrctik, with chc nniuimrr oi the foidien 
 
 who hid arrived in the galliot. During his abode here, 
 he ha I been our conftant gueft j and, on his father's ac- 
 count, we thoitght him in fome degree belonging to us; 
 and, as one of the family of difcovercrs, entitled to a 
 Iharc of our cRecm. The ferjeant, as being commander 
 of the p.jcc, had hitherto been admitted to our tables; 
 and his coinpany was additionally welcome to us, be- 
 caufe he was fenlible and ijuick in his conceptions! and 
 comprehended, Ix-iter than any other perfon, the few 
 Rullian words that we had acquired. Whilft Eiilign 
 Synd remained among us, he very politrly permitted 
 him to enjoy the fame privileges t but when the new 
 Comnunder arrived from Okotflc, the fetjeaiif, for what 
 caufe we did not underftand, fell into dilgrace,and wai 
 no longer permitted to fit in the company o( his own 
 officers. Our endeavours to obtain inclulgcnce (or hinj, 
 we perceiveil would have l>een inefTed^uali for, though 
 highly agreeable to us, it was, perhaps, incompatible 
 with their dtfcipline. 
 
 On Wednelilay, the ijth, we had completed the 
 ftowage of the holils, got our wood and water on board, 
 and were ready lor fcaj but wc could not think o( tak- 
 ing our departure, becaufe the cattle were not yet ar- 
 rived frnni Vcichnei j and frcih provilions wete now 
 become the moll important article of our wanti, and 
 ellentially necellary for preferving the health ot our peo- 
 ple. Ihvmg before us a profpcdl of fine weather, we 
 conlidered this as a favourable opportunity of engaging 
 in fome amufement on fliore, and of acquiring tomc 
 knowledge of the country. A party for bear-hunting 
 was therelbre propofed by Captain Gore; and on l"ri- 
 day, the 17th, wc fet out on this expedition ; which 
 was dcfi-rred to that day, in order to j;ive a little reft 
 to the tlofpodin Ivalkin, a new acquaintance, who had 
 arrived here on Wednefday, and intended to be one of 
 our party. Major Behm had delired this gentleman, 
 who rclided ufually at Verchnci, to attend us on our re- 
 turn to the harbour, and alTill us as an interpreter ; and, 
 from what we had heard of him before his arrival, our 
 curiufity to fee him was much excited. He is allied to a 
 conlidcrabie family in Kuflia, and his father was a gene- 
 ral in the fcrvice of thcEinprefs. He received his educa- 
 tion partly in Fruncci he had been a page to the Empreft 
 Elizabeth, and bore an Enfign't commifTioh in her 
 guards. At 16 years of age he was knowted, had \\\i 
 nofe nit, and was banilhea to Siberia. He was after- 
 wards tranf|)ortcd to Kamtfchatka, and had refidcd 
 there 31 years. Mis perfon was tall and thin, and hia 
 vifage furrowed with deep wrinkles. Old age was 
 ftroiigiy depidfed in his whole figure, though only 53 
 years of his exigence had fcarcely elapfed. Great icas 
 our difa|>pointment when we difcovered, that he had lb 
 totally forgotten the French and German languages, as 
 not to be able to fpeak a fingle fentence, nor to compre- 
 hend readily any thing that was faid to him in either of 
 thofe languages. Thus were wc deprived unfortunately, 
 of what we expeded would have furnifhed a favourable 
 opportunity of acquiring further information refpeifting 
 this country. The caufe of his banifhment remained a 
 fecret to every one in this country, but it was gene- 
 rally fuppofed, he had been gu.lty of fome atrocious 
 offence; efpecially as feverai of tin Commanders of 
 Kamtfchatka have exerted the-, :niii. i. to get him re- 
 called, in the reign of the prcfV-nc Emprefs ; but, fo far 
 from I'ucceeding in their applications, they were not 
 able to change the place of his baniflimcnt. He a(rured 
 us that, for 20 years, he had not tailed a morfei of 
 bread, uor had been allowed any kind of fubfiftence; 
 but h.id liveci, all that time, with the Kamtfchadalcs, on 
 what he had prcxrurcd from the chacc by hi« own acti- 
 vity and toil. Afterwards a fmall penfion was allowed 
 him, and his fituation has been rendered much lefs in- 
 tolerable, (incc Major Behm was appointed to the cotn- 
 inand. Being noticed by fo refpedfable a charader, who 
 often invited him to become hisgueft, others were in- 
 du< cd to follow his example. The Major had alfo oc- 
 calioncd his pcniion to be augmented to 100 roubles :' 
 year, which is an l-.nfign's pay in every other par 
 Emprefi's dominions, but in this province, ail t 
 cen have double pay. Major Behm infrrmc' 
 
63a 
 
 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 <*- 
 
 i ■ : ' 
 
 i I' 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 1 
 
 1^^ 
 
 
 
 li^ > 
 
 he had obuincd pcrmiflion for him to go to Ukutfk, 
 where he wai to relide in future t but that, at prcfcnt, 
 he Ihould leave him behind, ai he might probably be 
 Hret'ul to ut a« an interpreter, on our return to the iky. 
 
 We now fei out on our huniin^^ P**^yi dirc«^ting our 
 courre to the northward, toward a pool of water, that 
 liei near the mouth of the river Paratuimca, ami which 
 was a known haunt of the bean. We had fcarce landed, 
 when unfortunately the wind changed to the eailward, 
 and deftmyed all hopes of coming up with our game 1 
 Ibr the kamtfchadales atfured us, inat it was in vain to 
 expc'l to meet with bears, when to the wiiuiward of 
 them I owing to their being (wflrefTcd of an uncommon 
 acutcncfs in fccnting their purfucrs, which eiubled 
 them, under fuch circumflances, to avoid the danger, 
 though at a very great diftance from them. We re> 
 turned therefore to the boat, and uatfcd the night on the 
 beach, having brought a tent with us fur that purpofe. 
 The ncit morning, bring the 1 8th, we croiFcd the bay, 
 and purfucd our courfe on foot along a plain, abounding 
 with berries, on which the bears Iced 1 but though fcve> 
 ral of thefe animals were fccn at a dil^ancc, we could 
 Jiever contrive, the weather bemg Ihowcry and unfa> 
 vourable, to get within fltot of them. Thus difappoincc«i 
 again, we changed our divcrfiun to that of fpcaring fal- 
 BMNi, which wc faw puftiing in great numl>cn through 
 the furf into a fmall river. Fortunately the water af> 
 ibrdcd us a little proviliom for ill fuccefs had not only 
 attended us in the chacc by land, but we had failed in 
 our expectations of (hooting wild fowl, after having al- 
 inod depended folcly upon a fupply of them for our fub. 
 liftencc) and on its failure, wc began to think it time to 
 return to head quarters. Thcfc fentiments entirely cor. 
 refpondcd with thofc ofthe Mufpodin, whom former fe. 
 verities had rendered unable to endure fatigue. On 
 Sunday, the 19th, at night, we reached the (nips, after 
 haying been full 1 1 hours upon our legs. Poor Ivalkin 
 fcemcd perfectly overcome with fatigue, and was prou 
 bably the more fvniibly atfcdled by it, for want of a (up- 
 ply of fnutTi for, almod at every ftep, his hand funk 
 mechanically into his pocket, and rofe indantly again 
 with his huge empty box. When arrived at the tent, 
 the llofpodin's box was immediately replenilhed, and, 
 regaling upon a good fupper, we forgot the fatigues and 
 dilappointments of our Iruiilcfs excurtion. 
 
 On Monday, the 20th, we received the difagreeable 
 intelligence, that our much ci\ccined friend, the ferjeant, 
 had fullered corporal |)uniihmcnt, which had been in- 
 flided on him liy command of the old Put-paroucbick. 
 None of us could learn the caulc of his difpleafuret but 
 it was fuppofed to havearifcn from fome little jealoufy, 
 which had been excited by our civility to the former. 
 Wc were unwilling to remonltratc on this fubjedt, till 
 CiptainShmalefrfliould arrive: however, when we were 
 next vifited by the Put-parouchick. the coolnefs with 
 which we received him, muft have teflitied fuller our 
 chagrin. The 33d, being the anniverfarv of the King's 
 Coronation, we fired 21 guns) and, in honour of our 
 Royal Ma(tcr, prepared as elegant a fcaft as our fitua> 
 tion would allow of. The arrival of Captain ShmalefT 
 was announced the very moment we were fitting down 
 to dinner. Wc were equally pleafcd and furprized at 
 this unexpetfted vilit : firit, becaufc the Capuin came 
 fo opportunely to ukc a (hare in the feftivity of the day; 
 and alfo, becaufe we were lately informed, that the ef- 
 tectsofa late illncfs had rendered him une(]ual to the 
 journe)'. We had the fatisfa£lion to hear this had hern 
 merely an excufei and that, knowing wc were diftrcfled 
 for tea and fugar, &c. he was hurt at the idea of conu 
 ing empty handed, and therefore had deferred his fct> 
 Tiiig out, waiting impatiently for the arrival of a (loop 
 troin Okotfk ; hut hearing no intelligence of her, and 
 feariiiK we Ihould (ail before he had vifited us, he was rc> 
 Iblvcd to profecute the journey, though he had nothing 
 to prcfent to us but apologies fiir the poverty of Bol- 
 chcrctlk. At the fame time he informed us, that the 
 rcafon of our not having received the black cattle, was, 
 that the heavy rains at Verchnei, had prevented their 
 frtting out. So much gcnerofity and politcnefs dc- 
 uiandeJ the bc(i anfwcr wc were cipable of making ; 
 
 and on coming on board the next day, wc falutcd him 
 with 1 1 guns. Friday, the 24th, he was entertained 
 on board the Difcoveryi and the day following, being 
 the ]jih, he returned to Holchercifk. No inlreatiea 
 could prevail on him to extend his viflt, having, u he 
 alfureil us, fome eipeiitations that the fub-goveranr. 
 general would arrive in the (loop expe^rd from Okotft, 
 he being on a tour through all the provinces ofthe goc 
 vernor^jeneral of lakuttk. Without any application from 
 us, he rcinilated the ferieant in his command, before hia 
 departure, having rcfolvcd to take the Put-parouchitk 
 with him. We alfo underftood, that he was much of. 
 fended with him for puniihing the ferjeant, as there did 
 npt appear to be the llightcll grounds for inHiding fuch 
 chaflilcment. F.ncouragcd by the Captain's great rea- 
 dinefs to oblige us, wc ventured to rrotieO a fmall (rvour 
 for another inhabitant of Kamtfchaiaa. It was to re- 
 quite an honed eld fuidier, who kept a kind of ordinary 
 tor the inferior ofhccrs, and who had done a thoufnnd 
 good o(Iices both for them and the m hole rrrw. The 
 Captain obligingly complied with our wilhrs, and dub. 
 iKd him indantly a corporal, telling him, at the fame 
 time, to thank the Knglilh olTicers for his very great 
 promotion. It may not here be unnecetl'nry to remnrlr, 
 that the lower clufs ofofhcrrs in the RulTian army, have 
 a greater pre-eminence above the private men, than 
 thole in the Hritilh fcrvice can polhbly conceive. It 
 wai, indeed, a matter of ailoniOimrnt to us, to fee a fer. 
 jeant afTuine all the (late, and exadt as much homage 
 (rom thofe beneath him, as though he had been a Held, 
 ollicer. Belides there are fcvcral gradations of rank 
 among them, of which other countries are wholly igno- 
 rant s there being no lefs than lour intermediate fteps 
 between a ferjeant and a private fotdier. But the dif- 
 ciplinc of the Kullian army, though focxtreincly remote 
 from the feat uf government, is remarkable for its (Iritlt. 
 iicfs and feverity ; not exempting even the comipif' 
 lioncd officers. Imprifonment, and bread and water 
 diet, is the punifhincnt of the latter for inconliderable 
 offences. A good friend of ours, an i'.nlign in this place, 
 informed us, that the punilbment he received for hav- 
 ing been coiKcrned in a drunken frolic, was three montha 
 imprifonment in the black hnlc^ with a daily allowance 
 only of bread and water for his (ubflftence > which fo af- 
 fected his whole nervous fyftcm, that he has never fince 
 enjoyed a fu(Hcient flow of fpirits to qualify him for a 
 convivial meeting. Capuin King attended Captain 
 Shmaletf as far as the entrance of^Awatfka river, and, 
 having taken leave of him, embraced that opportunity 
 of viliting theprieft of Paratounca. 
 
 On Sunday, the 26th, Captain King attended him to 
 his church, where his whole congregation conlided of 
 his own familv, three men, and the fame number of 
 boys, who aiTiltcd in the iinging; and the whole ofthe 
 fcrvice was performed with great folcmnity, and devo- 
 tion. Though the church is of wood, it is much fupe- 
 rior to any other edifice, cither in this town, or that of 
 .St. Peter and St. Paul. Among fcvcral paintings with 
 which it is ornamented, arc two pidlures of St. Peter 
 and St. Paul, the Apoftles, prefented by the navigator. 
 Beering, and which may vie with the fir(t I'.urojxan 
 performances, in the intrinfic richnefs of their clrajn-- 
 rics, theprincioal parts thereof being compofcd of thick 
 plates of real (olid filver, fo falhioncd as to imitate the 
 foldings of the robes which decorate the figures, and 
 fixed upon the canvafs. Monday, the ;i7th, was fjicDt 
 by another iiarty in the diverfion of bear-hunting; w hen 
 Captain King (ubmitted hiinfclf to the dircdions ol the 
 
 Eanfli-clerk, who had acquired great reputation as a 
 car hunter. About fun-fet they arrived at one ofthe 
 larger lakes, where it was deemed nccelTary to conceal 
 themfelvcs ; and this was effected eafily among fonic 
 long graft, and brufh-wooti, of which wc faw groat 
 plenty near the water's edge. We had not been long un- 
 der our covert, before our ears were agrrc-iMy falutcd 
 with the growling of bears, in almpft every quarter 
 round about us t and we foon had the plealgre of be 
 holding oncof them in the water,' fwiniming in a dircc't 
 courfe to where we lay cpnccalcd. At this time the 
 mocn (hone, fo as to afford stconfiderable light ; and at 
 
 the 
 
K»% to rc> 
 ^ordinary 
 I thournnd 
 fw. The 
 and (lub> 
 the (iitne 
 
 ihc bctr advanced towaid ui, three of ui fired u it, •!- 
 moft at the fame inftant. Ihimcdiately the animal turned 
 ftiort upon one fldc, and fet up a inoft horrible noifc, 
 which wu neither yelling, growling, nor roaring, but a 
 very extraordinary mixture of the whole three. We 
 could eaflly perceive, that the bead was wounded fe- 
 vereiy, and that it reached the bank with difficulty r 
 whence it retreated tofoine thick hufhes not far diftant, 
 it ill continuing to make a hideous noife. The Kamt- 
 (chadalei fupiwfrd it to he mortally wounded i but 
 judged it an til of imprudence to attempt to roufe It 
 aoam immediately. It wai then nine o'clock i and as 
 ine night became overcaft, and a change of weathtr 
 wai to be apprehended, we thought it ndvlfeabic to re> 
 turn home, and wait till morning f^r the gratification 
 of our curiofiiy, when we accordingly repaired to the 
 f|iot, and found the bear dead from tne woundi it had 
 received. It wai a h-male, and larger than the ordi- 
 nary fizc. 
 
 'Iliii account of our hunting party may convey a 
 wrong idea of the method |Hirfued ufiially in this f|iorti 
 to prevent which, it may not be amifi to fubjoin a few 
 word» to thif fubjeifK The natives gener.illy contrive 
 10 reach the ground aboutfun-fet, where the bcarsufiially 
 frequent. They Rrft look out for their tracks, and at- 
 tend particularly to the freflieft of themj always pay- 
 ing a regard to the fltuation with irefpcft to conceal- 
 ment! and taking aim at the animal .is it pafles by, or 
 advances, or goes from them. Thefc tracks are nu- 
 merous between the woods and the takes, and are often 
 found among the long fedgy grafs and brakes on^ the 
 margin of the wafer. Having determined upon a con- 
 venient f|)Ot for concealment, the hunters fix their 
 crutches m the givund, on w hich they rcA their fire- 
 locks, pointing tnem in ;i proper diredlion. They af- 
 terwards kneel or lie down, as the circumftances of 
 their lituation mav require) and, having their bear- 
 IpcarH in readincfs by their fide, wait the arrival of their 
 game. Thefc precautions arc extremely neceflary, that 
 the hunters may make fure of their mark : for the 
 price of ammunition is fo high at Kamtfchatka, that 
 the price of a bear will not purchafc more of it than 
 will load a niufquet four or five times. It is much 
 more m.itcrial on another confideration ; for, if the firfi 
 ihot fliould not render the bear incapable nf purfuit, 
 fatal confequcnces too frequently enfuc. The enragc<l 
 bcaft makes immediately towards the place from v hence 
 the found and Qnoke illiie, and (urimilly mtacks hU nd. 
 verfaries. They have not fufiicicnt time to rc-lo-id 
 their pieces, as the bear is feldom fired at till he < omt-s 
 within the diltance of i j yards; therefore, if he (hould 
 ttot happen to Ml, they immediately prepare to receive 
 him upon their fpears i their fafety dependinfr, in a 
 great mcafure, on their giving him a mortal ftub as he 
 advances towards them. Should he parry the thruft 
 (which tlicfe animals arc fonietimes enabled to do, by 
 the ftrength and agility cf their naws) and break in 
 u)ion his opponems, the confliift orcomes bloody; for 
 it is fel(k>mtlut the lofs of a fingle life will fatisfy the 
 bculVs revenge. This bufinefs, or divcrfion, is parti- 
 cularly dangerous at two fcafons of the year: in the 
 fpring, when they firft ilUic from their caves, after hav- 
 ing fubfified the whole winter (as it is here pofitively 
 alU-rted) folcly on fucking their paws; and efpccially 
 if the fmft Ih uid continue to be icverc, and the ice in 
 the takes is not broken up; as they cannot then have 
 rccourfe to their cuftomary and cxpeded food. Thus 
 becoming exceedingly famiihed, they gmw fierce and 
 favagc in proportion; purfuing the inhabitants by the 
 fcent { and prowling about at a dillancc from their ufiial 
 tracks,' dart upon them unawares. Under fuch cir- 
 cumllancei, as the natives have no idea of fiiooting 
 flying, or running, or in any manner without refiing 
 ttieir piece, they dften fiitl a racrificc totheir Ttvage ra- 
 pjtcity. The time of their copulation, is the otiier 
 dangcraus rcafon to imct with them, and that is ufuatty 
 about September. Manjr inftances of natural aflTec- 
 tion in tnele animals iuc frequently related by the 
 Kamifchadalei, who hence derive confiderabic advan-. 
 tages in hunting. They never prcfume to fire at a. 
 No. 77. 
 
 young bear if the dam is upon the fpot; for, if the cub 
 (houM happen to be kilted, (he hecomei enraj^rd to an 
 immoderate degree ; ami, if (he can only obtain a fight 
 of the olfendrr, (he is fure to \ie revengrti of him, or 
 die in the attempt. ()n the other hand, if ihe mother 
 (hould be (hot, tne cubs continue by the fide of her after 
 (he has been a long time deail 1 exhibiting, by al!°cdting 
 geftures and motions, the moO poignant alHiftion. 
 The hunters, in(tcad of commilerating their dillrelTes, 
 embrace thefe t>pportunities of dellroying them. It 
 the veracity of the Kamtfchadaks may be depended on, 
 the fagndtvof the bears is as extraordinary as their na- 
 tural aft'cAion. Innumerable are the ftories which they 
 relate to this efloft. They likewife acknowledge infi. 
 nitc obligations to the bears, for all the little progrefs 
 they have hitherto made in feverat arts. They confcfs 
 themfelves indebted wholly tothofe animals for all their 
 knowledge in phyfic and furgcry ; that, by obferving 
 what herbs they have applied to the wounds they have 
 received, and what methwls th'-y Hve purfued when 
 they were languid, and out of order, they nave acquired 
 a knowledge of moft ot thofc limplis 'Which they have 
 now recourfe to, either as external or internal auplica- 
 tions. But the moft lingular 1 ircmnftance o(^ all is, 
 that they idmirthe beats to be their dancmgmaftersi 
 though the evidence of our own fenfes places this mat- 
 ter beyond difpute I for in the bear-dance of theKamt- 
 fchadates, every geOiire and attitude peculiar to that 
 animal, is faithfully exhibited. All theirothcr dances 
 are fimilar to this in many particul^irs; and thofe atti- 
 tudes are tho»ight to come neareft to perfection, which 
 moft refemble the motions of the beur. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 28th, Captain King returned from 
 his excuriion to the flups, not a little pleafed, ai it had 
 aftorded him an opjwrtunity of feeing a part of the 
 country, and of oWer ing the manners and behaviour 
 of the people, when under no rcftraint, evidently not 
 the cafe when they were in company with the Ruliians. 
 On the ;joih, our Commodore went to Paratounca; but, 
 before his departure, ordered Captain King to get the 
 fiiips out of tne harbour, that they might be in readi- 
 ne(s to fail. 
 
 On Friday, the 1 ft of Oiflobcr, we had a violent gale 
 of wind, which continued the whole day; but, on the 
 2nd, both ftiips warped out of the harbour, and an- 
 chored in 7 fathoms water, about a quarter of a mile 
 from the oftrog. l-ortunately for us, the day Ixfore wc 
 quitted the harbour, the cattle from Verchnci arrived; 
 and that the men might have the full enjoyment of this 
 feafonabic fupnly, by eating it whilft it was fre(h, the 
 Commodore determined to ftay in our prefent ftation 
 five or fix days loiiger. This time, however, was far 
 from being mifapptied; for the pumps, fails, and rig- 
 ging of each (hip, received an additional repair. Cap- 
 tain King having obtained permilTionto ufe the copper 
 belonging to the Refolution, and being fupplied with 
 motalles Irom Captain Gore, he was enabled to brew a 
 fufiicient quantity of beer to laft the crew a fortnight, 
 and to make ten additional puncheons of ftrong fpruce 
 cflTence. This fupply was the more acceptable, as our 
 laft calk of fpirits was now ferving our, except a fmall 
 quantity rcfervcd for cafes of emergency, 1 he 3d be- 
 ing the name-day of the Kmprefs of xulTia, wc were 
 cordially difpofed to (hew it every polTiblc rcfpeft. 
 The paUor of Paratounca, lva(kin, and the Serjeant, 
 were invited to dine with us; and an entertainment 
 was prepared for the two Toions of Paratounca, and 
 St. Peter and St. Paul; as well as for the inferior offi- 
 cers of the garrifon, and the molt refpcdtable of the 
 inhabitants. All the other natives were invited to par- 
 take in common with the (hips companies; a pound 
 of excellent beef being fcrved out to cvriy man, and 
 the remainder of our fpirits was made into grog, and 
 diftributcd among them. Twenty-one guns were 
 fired upon the occalion ; and confidering wc were in a 
 very remote part of the Emprefs's dominions, the whole 
 feftival was condu(fled in a manner not unworthy fo il- 
 luftrious a character. On Tuefday, the 5th, we received 
 a fre(h fupply of tea, fugar, and tobacco, from RoU 
 chcrctfk. Captain Shmaieflf having met this prcfcnt 
 7 X on 
 
<'i4 
 
 Capt. C O U K'l V O Y A O t S i; i) M i' I, I. 1 
 
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 on hii return, h«: (ranftnittcd a letter with it, inlbrmint( 
 ui, flat the llon|) Croin Okntlk had arrivcil in hi* tb- 
 fcncr, ami that Madinie ShnMltH' had inftantly dif- 
 patchcd a courier with thrfc lew artirlci, requcftin^ 
 our acccptame nf ihcni. On the mo following day* wc 
 were prevented frniii unmooring hy n»Um of foul wca- 
 theri hut on Friday the 8th, all the Ixuta were hoiftcd 
 in, and we failed towardi the mouth of the bay i when 
 the wind, veering to the S. obliged ui to drop anchor, 
 the OlUog bearing N. diflant half a league. On the 
 9th, at four o'clock. I*. M. wc again unmoored 1 but ai 
 we were railing our lail anchor, wc were informed that 
 the drummer of the marines had rtcd from the boat of 
 the Difcovery, whiih hail j nil left the village, and that 
 he had lately been fcen with a Kamtfchadale woman, 
 to whom he wai known to Ik much attached, and who 
 had importuned hiin frequently to Day behind. This 
 man wa> entirely ufelcfi in the fervice, being lamed by 
 a Iwelling in hit kncet and on that very account Cap- 
 tain King wni the more unwilling to leave him behind, 
 lell he Ihould become a mifer.inlc burthen to himfelf 
 and the KulTiani. He therefore applied to the Serjeant 
 to fend |)arties of his men after him 1 and, in the mean 
 time, fome failoni vifitetl a well known haunt of hii in 
 the neighbourhood, where the drumipcr and hit wo. 
 man were found together. On hii return the Difcovery 
 weighed .in< hor, anJ I lowed the Kcfolutioii. 
 
 Having now taken «iir final departure from St. Peter 
 and St. Paul, an account of Awatlka Bay, ami the ad- 
 joinjg coal), may not be unacceptable to our friendly 
 reatlert; efjiecially »» it is, jierhaps, the fafeft and moll 
 extenlivc bay that has ever been difcoveredi and the 
 only one, in this part uf the world, that can admit vcf- 
 fels of a tonfidcrtbie burthen. The entrance thereto 
 is inthelat. 52 deg. 51 min. N. long. 15K drg. 48min. 
 E. It lies in the bight uf another exterior bay, formed 
 by CapeOavarcci to the S. and Chcepoonlkoi Nofi to 
 the N. The latter of thefe he.id.lamU bears from the 
 faimerN. li.by N. and ia ]i leagues diflant. Iiom 
 the Cape Gavareea to the entrance of Awatlka Bay, the 
 coal\ takes a northerly dircdion, an^l extends alxiut 11 
 leagues. It conltfls of ragged dills and rocks, and, 
 in many parts, prefents an appcaram e of bays and inlets; 
 but, on a i-.earer approach, low grounds was fcen to 
 coiincci rhc head-lands. From the entrance of Awattka 
 Bay, Chcepoonlkoi Nofs, bears I'.. N. F- dillant 17 
 lea(;ucs. The llinre on this fide la Il:it and low, with 
 hills behind, rifing gradually to a conliderablc height. 
 TSclat!tuU: of Capcliavarcea is ji deg. 21 min. 'Ibis 
 rcinarkabic diUcrcnccof the land on the (ides of Awat- 
 flu Bay, tOi;cthcr with their dillercnt bearings, arc very 
 projier ^iiules to llcer for it, in coining from the Ibuth- 
 wardt and when it is npproached from the northward, 
 Checpoonfkoi Nof> K-comcs scry confpicuoiisj it being 
 a high prnjcifling head-land, and is united to the con- 
 tinent, by a lai.it extent of level ground, lower than the 
 Noi'3. Wc arc rather particular in dcfcribing this 
 coall; for if wc had pollclled a good account of its 
 form on both Odes ol .\\vatl\a Bay, wc lliotild, when wc 
 fiift vifitcd If, have arrived two days fooner than wc 
 did, and confciiutnilv have avoided part of the tcmpcf- 
 tuDU.. weather, which wc ex|)cricnccd in plying off the 
 imuth of the hi.' bivn . Uclidrs, as the fogs arc fo prc- 
 ^ alcnt in thcic fcas, it oircn Ijappens, that an obfcrva- 
 t:on foralccrtaining the lamsidc cannot be taken. It 
 fliould .iH'o be conlidcrcd, that land makes a very decep- 
 tive appearance when covered with fnow, or when 
 viewed through a ha/.y .uinofphrrCi both which cir- 
 (.uniftancesrtndcr.it necclTary for every navigator to 
 Itc act]uaintcd with as many JiTcriminating objcdis as 
 polTiblc. Should the weather be fuflicicntly clear to 
 a<hiiit a view of the mountains, both on the coaft and 
 Its n .ighbourhocxi, the lituation of Awatflta Bay may 
 Ik prc( iftly known, by the two high mountains to the 
 .S. of it. 'Ihai ncarcfl the bay is in form of a fugar- 
 Io,it: the other, im>re inland, is fiat at top, and not 
 ijuite fo high. There are three very confpicuous moun- 
 tains to the N. of the bay : that farthcft to the W, ap- 
 pears to be the highcft ; the next, a volcano-mountain, 
 may readily be known by the fmukc ilTuing from the 
 
 top. 1 he third i« the mult northerly, ami might, with 
 Ibtne propriety, be called a rluUer of mouniaina, ai it 
 prefcnti Icvcral Hat torn to our view. When we got 
 within the capei, ami into the outward bay, a light, 
 houfc on a perpcmlicular hcid-land, pointed out the 
 entrance into the harlwurto the N. Many funkcn 
 rocks lie to the eaUward of this h«ad-land, firctching 
 two or three miles into the fca, and when this or a fwcR 
 •re moderate, they will always Ihew themfelves. To 
 th- . . of the entrance, about 4 miles dillant from it, 
 *ic« a fuuill niund illand, compofed chiefly of high 
 (riinted rm ki, one of which i larger, and more jicr- 
 pendicular than the reft. The cntramc into the bay ii, 
 at lirft, about three miles wide 1 one mile and a half in 
 thenarroweft parti and it in four miles long, in a H. 
 N. W. direelion. Within the mouth is a noble bafon, 
 ao miles in circumference, m w hich are the harbours of 
 Kakowcena to the Fl Tan inlka to the W. and St. Peter 
 and St. Paul to the N. The brcadthof Tare inlka har- 
 bour is three miles, and the length twelve. A narrow 
 nerk of land feiiaratcs it from the fca at the b«>ttom. 
 and u ftrctchrs to the IL S. F;. The entrance of the 
 harK'iir of Kakowena is impeded by a ftioal in the 
 middle of the channel, which, in general, makes it ne- 
 ccHary to warp in, unlcfs there Ihould happen to be a 
 leading wind. Were it not for this circuiiiltance, this 
 harlxHjr woiikl be preferable to the other two. It is one 
 mile and a half broad, and three miles lung, running 
 in a S. h'.. and callerly direction. 
 
 But, one of the moll convenient little harbours wo 
 have fcen, is that of St. Peter and St. I^aiil. Six Ihip* 
 may be coinniodiouny moored in it, head and ftem, and 
 it is, in cvciv refpcCt, convenient for giving them any 
 kind of icp.iirs. The S. fide of this harbour is formed 
 by a low, narrow, fandv neck, whereon the Oftrog ia 
 built. The mid-channel is only 270 feet acrofs, in 
 wiiich there was fix fathoms and a half water. The 
 deepelV within is 7 fathoms, over a muddy bottom. 
 We found, however, fome inconvenience from tho 
 toughneft of the ground, which often broke the mef- 
 fenger, and occafioncd foinc trouble in getting the an- . 
 chors up. At the head of this harbour is the watering 
 place. Off the eaftcrn harlwur is a thoal. and within 
 the entrance a fpit, ftretching from the S. W. ftiorc, 
 having only three fathoms water over it. I'o ftcer 
 clear of the latter, a finall ifland, or rather a large dc« 
 tachcd rock, on the W. fhorc of the entrance, muft be 
 fhut in w ith the land to the S. of it. In order to fleer 
 clear of the former, the three needle rocks, near the 
 light-houfc-hcad, on the Ii, fliorr of the entrance, muft 
 be kept ofx:n with the hcad-la.nds to the northward of 
 the lirll liiwll bending on the E. fide of the entrance. 
 Asvoii come into the harlwur nf .St. Peter and St. Paul, 
 and approach the village, it is very ncccflary to keep 
 near the eaftcrn ftiorc, to avoid a fpit which ftretches 
 from the head-land, to thcS. W. of the Oftrog. 
 
 Let it lie noticed, that the obfcrvatorics were pl.iced 
 on the W. fide of the village of .St. Peter and St. Paul t 
 and from the fun's meridian altitudes, and of five llari 
 to the N. of the zenith we found the latitude to be 51 
 deg.jS fee. N.and its longitude from 146 feti of lunar 
 obfervations, 10 Ik i $ H dcg. 4J min. 1 6 fee. E. At full 
 and change of the moon it was high water, at ;)6 min. 
 after fuuri and five feet eight incncs, was the grcatelt 
 rife. The tides were regular every twelve hours. It 
 may be proper to oblcrvc further, in this place, that 
 the time-keepci onboard our ftiip, which was copied 
 exaiftly from Mr. Harrifon's, by Mr. Kendal, flopped 
 on the 27th of April, a few days before our firft arrival 
 in Awatfka Bay. During the voyage, it had always 
 been carefully attended to, not having been trufted, 
 even for a moment, in any other hands than thofc of 
 Captain Cook and Capuin King. No accident, there* 
 fore, could poftibly have happened, to which its ftop« 
 ping could be attributed j nor could it proceed from 
 intcnfc cold, the thermometer being but very little be- 
 low tlie freezing point. When the failure of the piece 
 was fiift diurovercd, the Commodore and Captain King 
 confulted about the meafures to be purfucd 1 whether 
 they ihould fufTcr it to remain in a ufclefs ftaie, or fub* 
 
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 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
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 niirit to the infpeaion of a feamati on board, who had 
 been regularly bred a watch-inakcr in Ifndon, and 
 who had given many fatiifaftory proofs of his IkiH in 
 that profefllon, in repairing feveral watches upon the 
 . voyage. Having experienced the accuracy of this time- 
 piece, we were extnimely unwilling to be deprived of 
 Its advanuges. Befides, it ihould be confidered, that 
 the watch had alteady been fufficiently tried to afcertain 
 its utility, as well in the former v«yage, as during the 
 three years of our having it on board : therefore, on the 
 firft clear day after we arrived in Awatlka Bay, the time- 
 piece was opened, in the prefence of the two Captains, 
 Clerke and King. No part of the watch appeared to be 
 broken ; but as the watch-maker was not able to make 
 it go, he took off the cock and balance, and cleaned the 
 pivot-holes : thefe were extremely foul 5 and other 
 parts of the work were in the fame condition. Upon 
 taking off the dial-plate, a piece of dirt was found be- 
 tween two teeth of the wheel, that carries the fecond 
 hand, to which caufe its flopping was principally at- 
 tributed. After putting the work together, and oiling 
 it very fparingiy, the watch feemed to go with freedom 
 and legularity. Captain King having received orders 
 to go the next day to Bolcheretlk, the timekeeper was 
 left with Mr. Baily, in order to get its rate, by compar- 
 ing it with his watch and clock ; who informed him on 
 his return, that it had gone verv regularly for fome days, 
 not lofing more than 17 feconds a day ; and afterwards 
 flopped again. This we fuppofed to be occafioncd by 
 its having been badly put together. It was therefore 
 now a fecond time opened; and when again adjufted, 
 it gained about a minute a day ; when, the watch-maker 
 in attempting to alter the regulator, broke the balance- 
 fpring. He made a new/pring, but the watch went fo 
 irregularly afterwards, that we were obliged to lay it 
 afide as quite ufelefs. The honeft mechanic was as 
 much vexed as we were at our ill fucccfs ; not fo much 
 owing, as we were convinced, to his want of (kill, as to 
 the improper tools he had to work with, and the callouf- 
 neft hw hands had contraded from his employment as 
 a mariner. We (hall now proceed, as propofed in the 
 contents of this chapter, to give a corredt and perfc<ft 
 Kographical and natural hiftory of the Peninfula of 
 ^mtfchatka. 
 
 Kamtfchatka is fituated on the eaftem coaft of Afia. 
 It extends from 52 deg. to 61 dre. N. lat. the long, of 
 its extremity to the S. being 1 56 deg, 45 min. The 
 ifthmus, that joins it tot>.e continent on the N. lies be- 
 tween the gulphs of Olutorlk and Penfliinfk. Its ex- 
 liemity to thf S. is Cape Lapatka. The whole penin- 
 fubi is fomewhat in the form of a Ihoe; and its greateft 
 breadth is 236 computed miles, being from the mouth 
 of the Tigil, to that of the river Kamtfchatka ; and to- 
 wai^s each extremity, it gradually becomes narrower. 
 On the N. it is bounded by the country of theKoriacks ; 
 by the N. Pacific Ocean to the,S.and E. and by the feaof 
 Okotik to the W. A chain of high mountains extends 
 the whole length of the peninfula, from N. toS. and al- 
 moft equally divide it 1 whence feveral rivers uke their 
 rife, and make their courfe into the Pacific Ocean, and 
 the fea of Okotflt. The three principal of thefe are, 
 the Bolchoireka. or great rivers the Kamtfchatka; and 
 the river Awatlka. To the N . W. of the mouth of the 
 Kamtfchatka, lies the great lake Nerpitfch j from Nerpi, 
 a feal ; that lake abounding with thofe animals. A fort, 
 called Nifhnei-Kamtfchatka Oftr(^, is fituated about 
 30 miles up the river, where an hofpital and barracks 
 have been built by the Ruifians; and this place, we un- 
 derftood,' is now become the principal mart in the 
 country. 
 
 Were we to judge of this country from what we faw 
 ef its foil and vegetable produdUons, it appears to be 
 barren in the extreme. Neither about the bay, nor in 
 our journey to Bolcheretlk, nor in any of our hunting 
 excurfions, did we ever perceive the fmalleft fpot of 
 ground, that had the appearance of a good green turf, 
 or that feemed capable of improvement by cultivation. 
 Indeed, the whole furikce of the country, in a moft 
 ftriking degree, refembles that of Newfoundland. At 
 Paratounca, however, we &w Ibme fiacks of moll excel- 
 
 lent hay ; and Major Be hm afllircd us, that the banM of 
 the Kamtfchatka, and the Bifiraia, as well as many pthir 
 parts of the peninfula, produce a quantity of g^afs, 
 of great ftrength and height, which is mowed twice in 
 every fummer, and that the hay is particularly adat>lcd 
 to the fattening of cattle, being of a very fucculent qua- 
 lity. This agrees with Krafcheninicoff's account, who 
 relates, that the country which borders on tht river 
 Kamtfchatka, is much fuperior, in jioint of lertility, to 
 that of either the N. or S. The feverity of the climate^ 
 it may naturally be fuppofed^ muft be in proportion to 
 the ftcrility of the foil, of which it is perhaps the caijfc. 
 We firft faw this country in the beginning of May, 
 1779, when it was covered with fnow, from fix toeigftt 
 feet in depth. On the 24th of Auguft, when we re- 
 turned, the foliage of the trees, and vegetation In gene- 
 ral, appeared to be in the height of perfeiflion. ■ The 
 weather, during the remainder of that month, and the 
 whole of September, was not fcvere; but when Oflobfer 
 began, the new fallen fnow again covered the tops of 
 the hills. In computing the feafons here. Spring fhould 
 certainly be omitted. Summer may be faid to extend 
 from the middle of June, till the middle of September. 
 Odober m»y be confidered as Autumn; from whifcli 
 period to the middle of June, it is all dreary winter. 
 The climate in the country adjacent to the river Kamtf- 
 chatka, is faid to be as ferenc and temperate, as in inariy 
 parts of Siberia under the fame-latitude. The inhabi- 
 tants, however, are fometimes prevented, by the uncer- 
 tainty of the fummer feafon, from providing a fiifficient 
 ftock of dried filh, for their food in winter; and the 
 moifture of the air occafions worms to breed in them, 
 which frequently deftroy or fpoil the greateft part. The 
 feverity of the winter, and the dreadful hurricanes of 
 wind and fnow which attend it, oblige the natives to re- 
 tire to their fubterraneous habitations, both fortheii-fe- 
 curity and warmth. We had neither thunder rtor light- 
 ning during our ftay at Kamtfchatka, excepting oh the 
 night of the eruption of the volcano. In this peninfiila 
 volcanoes arc numerous ; but only three have liitely been 
 fubjeA to eruptions. That in the neighbourhood 6f 
 Awatlka we have already mentioned. The volcano of 
 Tolbatchick is fituated between the river Kamtfchatka 
 and Tolbatchick, on a neck of land. The eruptions pro- 
 ceed from the fummit of a high mountain, which ter- 
 minates in pointed rocks. On the top of the mouhtain 
 of Kamtfchatka, fuppofed to be by far the higheft in the 
 peninfula, is the third volcano. Springs of hot water 
 are faid to abound in this country. 
 
 The principal trees which fell under our notice, vrete 
 the bircn, the poplar, and the alder; feveral fmall (becies 
 of the willow, and two forts of dwarfifh cedars. One of 
 thefe forts grows upon the coaft, feldom exceeding tvlo' 
 feet in height, and creeping on the ground. Of this 
 our effence for beer was made, and proved to be very 
 proper for the purpofe : the other, which grows much 
 higher, is founa on the mountains, and bears a kind Of 
 nut or apple. Of the birch which appears to be the moft 
 common, we remarked three forts. Two of them weife 
 large and fit for timber ; differing from each other only 
 in the colour and texture of the bark. The third is of 
 a dwarfifli kind. The natives apply this tree to a va- 
 riety of ufes. When tapped, it yields a liquor in great 
 abundance, which they drink without mixture, or any 
 kind of preparation, as we obfervcd frequently in our 
 journey to Bolcheretfk. We drank fomeof itourfelves, 
 and found it pleafant and refreftiing, though fomewhat 
 purgative. The bark they convert into veffels for do* 
 meftic purpofes ; and from the wood of this tjtte, are 
 made their fledges and canoes. Not only the birch, but 
 every other kind of tree, in the neighbourhood of ths 
 bay, were ftunted, and very fmall : the natives therefore 
 are obliged to go a confiderable diftance up the coun- 
 try, to get wood of a proper fiite for their canoes, their 
 balagans ^or fummer-houies) and many other purpofes. 
 This peninfula likewife produces great abundance of 
 the (hrub kind, as mountain afh, junipers, ralberry 
 bulhes, and wild rofes. Alfo a variety of berries, as 
 partridge-berries, blue-berries^ black-berries, cran-ber- 
 ries, and crou -berries. Thefe are pKferved by maftiing 
 
 them 
 
i 
 
 
 63« 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 I' 
 
 
 •'I; 
 
 1 ' 
 
 1 
 
 
 Jl f 
 fl !i 
 
 i 1'' 
 
 
 i 
 
 ihtm into » thick jam i and they conftitute a confidcr- 
 able part of their winter provifions, Terving as a gene- 
 ral Tauce to their dried Mu They alfo eat them in pud- 
 dingt, and make dccodliont of them for their common 
 beverage. We found here large quantities of whole- 
 lome vegetables in a wild ftatc, fuch as chervil, garlic, 
 oniona, angelica, and wild celery. We alfo met with 
 fome excellent turnips, and turnip-radiihes, upon a few 
 fuob of ground in the vallies. This was the utmoft of 
 their garden cultivation : yet, this account of vegeta. 
 bles only relates to fuch parts of the country as fell 
 within our obfervation : near the river Kamtfchatka, 
 where, as we have already obferved, both the foil and 
 climate arc the bell in the peninfula, garden culture is 
 attended to, and perhaps with fucccfs ; for, with the ("c- 
 cond drove of cattle which we received from Vcrchnci, 
 we alfo received a prcfent of cucumbers, celery, fome 
 large turrtips, and other garden vegetables. Two plants 
 arc produced in this peninfula, which muft not pafs un- 
 noticed. The firft is called by the natives Samna, which 
 grows wild and in great quantities. About the begin- 
 ning of Augufl, many women are employed in colle<^t- 
 ing the roots, which, after being dried in the fun, arc 
 prefcrved for ufe. It is a mmtim with the Kamtfcha- 
 dales, that Providence never deferts them, for the fca- 
 fon that is prejudicial to the farana, is always favoumhic 
 for fifhing; and, on the contrary, an unliiccefsful hill- 
 ing iiionth, is always amply compenfatcd by an cxube- 
 . rant fa'^una harveft. This article is varioudy employed 
 in cookery. When roaded in embers, it is a better fub- 
 Ititute for bread than any thing the country produces. 
 When baked in an oven, and pounded, it fupplies the 
 place of flour and meal, and is mixed in all their fuups, 
 and many other diflies. It is extremely nouriOiing, has 
 . a pleafant bitter flavour, and may be eaten daily with- 
 out cloying. ' We partook of thcic roots, boiled as we 
 . do potatoes, and found them very agreeable. The name 
 of the other plant is Sweet Grafs. When at its full 
 growth, it is about fix feet high. This plant was for- 
 merly a principal ingredient in cookery among the na- 
 tives s but fince the Ruflians have been in polFeflion of 
 the country, it has been chiefly appropriated lo the 
 purpofc of diftillation. The liquor extradled is called 
 raka, and has the (Irength of brandy. Seventy-two 
 pourtds of the plant, produce generally 25 pints of raka. 
 A vulgar well-known plant remains to be noticed, as 
 being more cflential to their fubflfVcnce than all which 
 have hitherto been mentioned: this is the Nettle; 
 which, as neither heinp nor flax arc produced in this 
 . country, fupplies materials for their fiihing-nets ; and 
 on which their exiftence principally depends. 
 
 Many parts of this peninfula would probably admii 
 of fuch cultivation, as might contribute to the comfort 
 and convenience of the inhabitants t yet the number of 
 wild animals it produces, mull always be conlidered as 
 its real riches ; and no labour can be confldered fo pro- 
 ductive of advantage, as what is employed upon its fur- 
 rieries. And next to thcfc, the animals that fupply them 
 arc defcrving of attention. Thefe are the fox, the zc- 
 biline, or fable ; the lloat, or ermine ; the ifatis, or arc- 
 , tic fox : the earlefs marmot ; the varying hare ; the 
 weafel; theglutton, or wolverene; the wild flieep; the 
 .rein-deer; wolves; bears; and dogs. The nind gene- 
 ral obj&lts of the chace are foxes, with which this coun- 
 . try abounds, and among which arc a variety of colours. 
 The moil common fjKcies is the fame as the European, 
 but their colours are more vivid and (bining. .Some 
 are ofa dark chefnut ; others have dark-coloured (Iripcs ; 
 . the bellies of Ibme are black, but the other pare of the 
 bixly ia of a light chefnut. Some arc wholly black; 
 others of a dark brown; others ofa (lone-colour; and 
 lomc few are entirely white; theiaft, however, are very 
 tcarcc. The quality of their fur is much fuperior to 
 .that of the fame animals in Siberia or America. The 
 ijblcs are much larger than thofe of Siberia, and their 
 fur is thicker and brighter; but thofe in the neighbpur- 
 luiod of the riven Olcktna and Vitimc, are of a finer 
 black. The fables of the Tigil and Oiika, are faid to 
 be the bed in Kamtfchatka ; a pair of thefe being fold 
 frequently for five pound* ftcrling. The inferior forts 
 4UC tiBund in the fouthem parts. 
 
 A rifle barrel gun, of a very rnwli bore, a net, and a 
 few bricks, are the whole apparatus ofthe fable hunters. 
 With the firft they fometimes (hoot them, when feen on 
 trees: the net is ufed in furrounding hollow trees, in 
 which they iifually take refuge when purfucd; and the 
 bricks are put hot into the cavities, m order to drive 
 ihcm out with the fmoke. The Ikin of the anftic fox 
 is of little value; and, on the fame account, the varying 
 hare is negleded. They are very numerous, and always 
 become perfeeHy white during the winter. In the be- 
 ginning of May, we obferved feveral of this colour, but 
 they were fo extremely (by, as not to fufl^er us to come 
 within giin-lhot. The earlefs marmot, or mountain 
 rat. is a bcautifiil creature, much fmaller than a fquir- 
 rel ; and, like that animal, feeds upon roots and berries. 
 Its (kin is of high eliimation, being warm, light, and of 
 a bright fliining colour. The ermine, or float, is little 
 regarded ; its ftir being of a very ordinary kind. The 
 weafel is alfo negleftedon the fame account. The fltin 
 of the wolverene, or glutton, on the contrary, is in the 
 highefl repute; a Kamtfchadale looking upon himfelf 
 as moll fplendidly attired, when a fmall quantity of thia 
 fur apfxsars upon his garments. The women embellilh 
 their hair with its white pats, which is coniidered as the 
 moft fuperlative piece of finery. All the bears which 
 we had an opportunity of feeinj^, were of a dun brown 
 colour. They appear generally in a company of four or 
 five together; and frequently in the feafon when the 
 filh quit the fca, and pulh, in great quantities, up the 
 rivers.- In the winter months they are feldom viiiblc. 
 Of their (kins, warm matrrefTcs, and coverings for beds, 
 are made ; alfo comfortable bonnets, gloves, and har- 
 ncfs for the fledges. The Hefti, efpecially the fat, is held 
 in great edimation. The wolves appear only in win- 
 ter, when they arc faid to prowl about in large compa.. 
 nics. Rein-deer, both wild and tame, are found in many 
 parts of the peninfula, but none in the neighbourhood 
 of Awatfka. It is remarkable that thefe animals are not 
 ufed here, for the purpofes of carriage, as they are by 
 their neighbours to the N. and E. Their place is iiv 
 deed fufliciently fupplied by dogs; yet it appears fi>me- 
 what extraordinary, that they fliould not have preferred 
 an animal fo much more powerfiil and docile. The 
 dogs refemble the Pomeranian breed, in mien and fi- 
 gure; but they are lai^ger, and the hait is conliderably 
 coarfcr. The colour moft prevalent among thcno, is 
 that ofa light dun, or a pale dirty yellow. Thefe ani- 
 mals are all turned loofe, about the latter end of May, 
 and are obliged to (hift for themfe|ves till the enfuiiig 
 winter ; but they never fail to return to their refpediwe 
 homes, when the fnow begins to make its appearance. 
 In the winter, their food confifls wholly ot the head, 
 back-bones, and entrails of falmon, which are prefcrved 
 and dried for that purpofc ; and even with- this KkxI 
 they are very fcantily fupplied. The do^s mull certainly 
 bc very numerous, no lefs than five being yoked togd 
 ther for a (ingle fledge, in which only one perfun is car- 
 ried. In our journey to Bolcherctlk, we had occafton 
 for 1 39 at two ftages. It is obfcrvable, that bitches arc 
 never employed in this bufinefs, nor dogs that have 
 been caftrated. The whelps are trained to the draft, 
 by being faftened to (lakes with leathern thongs, which 
 are elaftic; and having their food placed beyond their 
 reach, by continually pulling to obtain it, they acquire 
 ftrength and abftbit of drawing; both of which arc ef- 
 fentially necclTary for their deftined labour. Wc mud 
 not omit, in our catalogue of animals, the wild moun- 
 tain (beep, or ai^li, unknown in all parts of Europe, 
 except thofe of C^rfica and Sardinia. Its fitin refem- 
 bles that ofa deer's, but, in its gait and general appear- 
 ance, it nearer approaches the goat. Its head is adorned 
 with two Uige twilled boms, which, when the animal 
 i« full grown, weigh fometimes from 25 to 30 pounds, 
 and are refted on the creature's back when it is run- 
 ning. Thefe animals are remarkable fwift and adlive. 
 frequent only the moft craggy and mountainous parts, 
 and traverfe the fteepeft rocks with an aftoni(hing agi- 
 lity. Spoons, cups, and platters, are fabricated by the 
 natives of their horns; and they often have one of the 
 latter hanging to a belt i which ferves them to drink 
 4 out 
 
 V ' 
 
COOK» THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 Hi 
 
 • mt, and a 
 ibk hunter*, 
 vhcn ttta on 
 ow trees, in 
 cd t and the 
 der to drive 
 le ar^ic fox 
 , the varying 
 , and alwaya 
 In the be- 
 s colour, but 
 us to come 
 )r mountain 
 han a fquir- 
 and berries, 
 light, and uP 
 )oat, is little 
 kind. The 
 Theikin 
 iry, is in the 
 pon himfelf 
 intity ol this 
 en embvililh 
 dercd as the 
 bears which 
 I dun brown 
 ny of four or 
 )n when the 
 itics, up the 
 dom viiiblc. 
 figs for beds, 
 n, and hnr- 
 e fat, is held 
 only in win- 
 .irge compa.. 
 lund in many 
 ighbourhood 
 iinals arc not 
 I they are by 
 r place is in- 
 ppears fume- 
 ivc preferred 
 docile. The 
 mien and fi. 
 conliderably 
 ong them, is 
 Thefc ani> 
 end of May, 
 I the enfuing 
 cir rcfpedi«e 
 appearance, 
 of the head, 
 arc preferved 
 ith this fiHxl 
 fiulf certainly 
 yoked togc- 
 xrfon is car- 
 had occalton 
 t bitches arc 
 gs that have 
 to the draft, 
 longs, which 
 beyond their 
 they acquire 
 vhich are ef- 
 . We muft 
 wild moun- 
 8 of Europe, 
 ficin refem- 
 leral appeaiv 
 d is adorned 
 T tbe animal 
 3 30 pounds, 
 n it is run- 
 X and active, 
 ainous parts, 
 inilhing agi> 
 catcd by the 
 c one of the 
 em to drink 
 out 
 
 IS a 
 
 Out of, whert on their hunting expeditions^ This 
 gr^rioos creature, extremely beautiful, and its Hefh is 
 Iweet, and delicately flavoured. 
 
 Of northern fea-fowl, almolt every kind frequent the 
 coaft and bays of Kamtfchatka, and among others the 
 lea eagles. The inland rivers are plentifully ftored 
 with varioui fpecies of wild ducks 1 one of which, 
 called by the natives a-an-gitche, has a moll beautiful 
 plunuge. Its cry is equally fingular and agreeable. 
 Another fpecies is called the mountain ducK. The 
 plunuge of the drake is remarkably beautiful. A va- 
 riety of other water fowl were feen, which, from their 
 magnitude, appeared to be of the goofe kind. We ob- 
 ferved in palling through the wockIs, feme eagles of a 
 prodigious fize, out of what f|Mcies we could not polTi- 
 bly determine. It is faid, there are three diilcrent 
 kinds. The firft is the black eagle with a whitehead, 
 tail, and lees: the eaglets of which are perfedlly white. 
 The fecondis improperly called the white e»^^e, though, 
 in reality, it is of a light grey. The third is the Hone 
 coloured eagle, whieh is a ytry common fort. There 
 are great numbers of the hawk, fiilcon, and buftard 
 kind in this peninfula. Woodcocks, fnipes, and groufe 
 are alfo found here. Swans are very numerous, and ge- 
 neraMy make a part of the trpaft at all public entertain- 
 ments. The vaft abundance of wild fowl, in this coun> 
 try, was fufRciently manifeft, from the many prefcnts we 
 received, confiding frequently of twenty brace at a time. 
 We faw no amphibious animals on the coaft, except 
 fcali, and thefe were extremely numerous about the 
 bay of Awatflta. The fea-otrers found here, and thofe 
 we met with at Nootka found, are exadly the fame ; 
 •and have already been particularly dcfcribcd. They 
 were formerly in great abundance here ; but fince the 
 Ruflians have opened a trade with the Chinefc for their 
 (kins, where th»y bear a price fuperior to any other 
 kind of fur, the hunters have been induced to be fo in- 
 de&tigable in the purfuit of them, that very few re- 
 main in the country. They are (till found in the Kurile 
 Iflands, though the number is inconlidcrable. 
 
 Fi(h is the main article of fubfiftence among the in- 
 habitants of this peninfula, who cannot poiribly derive 
 it either from agriculture or cattle. The foil, indeed, 
 aflbrds fome wholefome roots, and cvciy part of the 
 country produces great quanf itics of berries; but filh 
 alone may be called their ftaff of life, with more pro- 
 priety than bread in any other country; for neither 
 the inhiibitants,. nor their domeftic animals of the ca- 
 nine ^cies, could polTibly exift without it. Whales 
 are common in this country, and when taken fcrve for 
 a variety of ufes. After cleaning their intellines, dry- 
 ing them, and blowing them like bladders, they ddpblit 
 their oil and greafe therein. Excellent fnares are made 
 of their nerves and veins; in fliort, no partof the whale 
 is ufelefs in this peninfula. We caught abundance of 
 fine flat fi(b, trout, and herrings. Atone haul on the 
 1 jth of May, we dragged out abovt 300 flat fifli, bePides 
 a Confiderable quaritity of fea-trout." The firft herring 
 feafon commences about the latter end of May. They 
 vific the coaft in large flioals, but continue no confider- 
 able time. 'Thefe filh are excellent, as are alfo large 
 quantitiesofcxceeding fine cod; and many of our empty 
 calks were filled with the former. But notwithftand- 
 ing this abundance, it is on thefalmon fifhery alone that 
 the inhabitants depend for their winter fuftenancc. 
 Theflftiing feafon begins about the middlcof May.and 
 continues to the end of June. The firft ftioals that enter 
 the mouth of the Awatfka, is the largcft and moft ef- 
 teemed. Three feet and a half is their ufual length ; 
 and they ,are more than proportionably deep; their 
 average weight being from 30 to 40 pounds. We had 
 one of the firft that were taken, but not withe ut being 
 told, that it wasthehighcft compliment the Kamtfcha- 
 dales could poinbly confer upon us. It was formerly a 
 cuftoni among them to eat the firft fifii thcv caught, in 
 the midftof great rejoiei^gs, aocompanicd with many 
 fuperftitious ceremonies. There is a fmaller fort of 
 . fafmon, weighing from about 8 to 1 5 pounds, known 
 by the name of the red filh. which afTemble in the bays, 
 and at the mouthi of the riven, early in the month of 
 
 No. 7t. ' 
 
 iunc. From this time till towards the end of Septenrv- 
 cr, vaft quantities of thciti are taken upon the cafteri] 
 and weftern coafts^ where the fea receives any frelh wa- 
 ter, and alfo up the rivers, almoft to their very fou ice. 
 All the lakes which communicate with the fea abound 
 with fifh, which have much the appearance of faliuon, 
 and weigh ufiially about five or fix pounds. 'I'he na- 
 tives, we uhdcrftand, do not think it worth their labour 
 to catch ihcm. Thefc lakes being generally (hallow, 
 the fifli become an eafy prey to bears and dogs, in the 
 fummer fealbnt and from the quantities of bones ap- 
 pearing upon the banks, vaft numbers of them fecm to 
 have bee 1 ^ vourcd. I'hc natives dry the principal 
 partof theirfalmon, aiidfalt but very little of it. They 
 cut a fifli into three pieces. The belly-piece is firft ■ 
 taken oft', and thert a flice a'ong each fide of the back, 
 bone. The forttier, which is eftecmed the beft, it dried 
 andfmokcd: the other flices are dried in the air, and- 
 are either eaten whole as a fubftitute for bi-ead, or piiU 
 verized fur pafteand cakes. The headj tHil aod bonesj 
 a re d ried, arid preferved for their dogs. 
 
 The inhabitants of Kamtfchatka may be divided 
 into three claflTcs; the Kamtfchadales; the kuflians ai>d 
 CoiTacks I and a mixture produced by their intermar- - 
 riages. The Kamtfchadales are a people of retiwie 
 antiquity, and have inhabited this peninfula for many- 
 ages t and they doubtlefs defccnded frotn the Manga- 
 lians; though fome have imagined they fprang from the 
 Tongufian Tartars, and others from the Japanefe. 
 The Kuflians, having made thcmfelves itiafters of that 
 vaft extent of coaft of the Frozen Sea, eftabliftied pofts 
 and colonies, and appointed commiflaries to explore 
 and fubjed the countries ftill farther to the E. They 
 foon diicovcrcd that the wandering Koriact inhabited, 
 part of the coaft of the fea of Okotik, and they foumj 
 no difficulty in making them tributary. Thefe riot be«- 
 ing at a great diftancc from the Kamtfchadales; with; 
 whom they had frequent inteccouife, a knowledge of- 
 Kamtfchatka muft naturally follow; and the honour of 
 the firft dilcovery of this peninfula is attributed to 
 Feodot Alcxeieft", a merchant, in the year 1 648 ; but a 
 Coflack, named Volodimer Atlaftotr is the unqucftion" 
 able fiiil acknowledged difcoverer of Kamtfchatka.. 
 He wasfent in 1697, in the capacity of cortimiffary 
 from Jakutfli to the Anadirfk, with diredlions to call ii» 
 the Koriacs to his afliftance, in order to difcover, ani} 
 make tributary, the countries beyond theirs. With 
 fixty RufTian foldiers, and as many Clacks, he pene-^ 
 trated, in the year 1 699, into the heart of the peninfulay 
 and gained the Tigil. In his progrefs he levied a tri< 
 bute upon furs, and proceeded to the river Katnt' 
 fchatka, on wiiich he built an oftrog« now called 
 Verchnei ; and leaving a mrrifon of 1 6 CoflTacks, re- 
 turned to Jakutflc, with vaft quantities of valuable tri.> 
 butary furs, in the year 1 700. Since which time to the 
 grand revolt of the Kamtfchadales in 1731, the hif- 
 tory of this country prefentt an unvaried detail of re- 
 volts, maflacres, and murders, in every part of the'pe- 
 ninfula. Though a great many of the inhalntants were 
 loft, in quelling the rebellion of 1731, yet the country 
 had afterwards recovered itfeif, and was become as po-* 
 pulous as ever in 1767; at which period the fmall pox 
 was, for the firft time, introduced among them, by t 
 foldier from Okotik. It broke out with hiry, and,irf its 
 prwrefs, was as dreadful as the plague; fecmingalmoli 
 to threaten their entire extirpation. Twenty thoufani- 
 were fuppofcd to have died by this loathfome diforder 
 in Kamtfchatka, the Kurile iflands, and the Koreki 
 country. The inhabitants of whole villages were ibme- 
 times fweptaway; of which fufficient proof remains to 
 this day. There arc eight oftrogs about the bsy 6f 
 Awatlka, which, we were informed, had been com-' 
 pletely inhabited, but now they are all become defolate^ 
 excew St. Peter and St, Paul ; and only feven Kamt- 
 fchadales, who are tributaries, rcfide in that. At the 
 oftrog of Paratounca only 36 natKe inhabitants remain^ 
 incluciingmen, women, and children; though it con* 
 tained 360 before it was vifired by the fmall pox. We 
 paflTed no lefs than four extenfive oftrogs, in our jouf' 
 ney to Bolcheretflc, which Yaii not a. tingle inhabitant. 
 7 Y in 
 
^ 
 
 638 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 :' 
 
 ' r 
 
 * 
 
 5 
 
 
 i "i 
 
 in cither of thoin. Wc were informed by Major Bchin, 
 ihac ihofe who ac this time pay tribute, including the 
 Kurilci, do not exceed 3,000. The amount of the 
 military forces, in five forts, is about 400, including 
 Kulllans and (jofliicks. Nearly the fame number are 
 faid to lie at Ingiua ; which, though in the N. of the 
 pcninfula, is under the command of Kamtfchatka. 
 The Ruilian traders and emigrants are not very conli* 
 dcrable. 
 
 The government, eftablifhcd in this country by the 
 Ruinans, confidcrcd us a military one, is remarkably 
 mild and equitable. Ihe nutivcs are permitted to 
 cicift their own magillratcs in their antient mode. One 
 of thcfe. called a Toion, prcfides over each ollrog, to 
 whom all ditt'ercnccs arc referred. In fomc diftriL'ls, 
 the only tribute exat^lcd is a fable's fkim and in the 
 Kurilc iflands, a fea otter's; but as the latter is conii- 
 dcrabiy more valuable, the tribute of fcveral perfons is 
 paid with a fingle fkin 1 a tribute fo inconlidcrable can 
 hardly be contidered in any other light, than that of an 
 acknowledgment of the Kullian dominion over them. 
 Jiut the Rullians are not only tu be commended for the 
 mildnefs of their government; they arc alfo entitled lu 
 approbation for their fuccefsful endeavours in convert* 
 ing the natives to Chrillianiry, there being now but 
 very few idolaters remaining among them. If we form a 
 judgment of the other miilionarics from the benevolent 
 pauor of Paratouncu, more fuitabic perfons could not 
 polTibly be engaged in this bufinefs. 
 
 The exports 0? this country conlill entirely of furs; 
 and this buiiiKfs is chieHy conduced by a company of 
 merchants, appointed by the cmprefs. I'welve was 
 the nutnber originally, but three have ftnce been added. 
 Bclides a charter or grant of privileges, they are dif- 
 tinguKlied by wearing a gold medal, expreflive of the 
 Kmprefs's protcdion of the fur trade. There are other 
 inferior dealers, chiefly Coflacks, indifierent parts of the 
 Country. At what time the principal merchants re- 
 inain here, they reiide cither at Bolcherctik, or the 
 Nifhnci olUog; the trade centering wholly in thofe 
 two places. This bufinefs was formerly carried on in 
 the way of barter, but every article is at prefcnt pur- 
 chafed with ready ntoncy, no inconfidorable quantity of 
 ipecic being circulated in that wretched country. I'he 
 furs produce a high price ; and the natives require few 
 articles in roturn. Our Tailors brought a quantity of 
 furs from the coafl of America, and were both plcafed 
 and afionifiied on receiving fuch a quantity ot lilver 
 ibr them from the merchants; but as they could not 
 purchafc gin or tobacco, or any thing clfc that would 
 afford thetn any degree of entertainment, the roubles 
 were Toon confidered as troublelbme companions, and 
 they frequently diverted themfelves by kicking them 
 about the deck. Our men received thirty rouble:! of a 
 merchant, for a fta-otter's Ikin, and in the fame propor- 
 tion for others ; but the merchant Undcrfianding they 
 had great quantities to difpofe of, and perceiving they 
 were unacquainted with traffic, he afterwards pr<Kured 
 tl/'Vii "*" much cheaper rate. 
 
 European articles arc the principal that are imported, 
 but they are not folcly confined to Kufllan manufac 
 tures. They come from England, Holland, Siberia, 
 ttucharia, the Calmucs, and China. 'I1iey chiefly 
 confiill of coarfc woollen and linen cloths, ilockings, 
 bonnett,artd gloves; thin Pcrfian ftlks, pieces of nan- 
 keen, cottons, handkerchiefs, both of filk and cotton ; 
 iron (toVest biab and coppor pns, files, guns, powder 
 and (hot ; hatchets, knives, woking-glafles, liigar, flour. 
 boots, &c. Thcfe commodities, we obfervcd, fold for 
 three times the fum they might have been purchafed for 
 in England. And, notwithflandins the merchants 
 have fo extravagant a profit upon thele imported goods, 
 they receive ftitl a greater advantage from the faleof the 
 fiirs at Kiachta, a confiderable market for them on the 
 frontiers of China. In Kamtfchatka, the bed (ca- 
 otterlkins ufually produce about thirty roubles a-piece; 
 at Kiachta, the Chmefe merchant gives more than dou- 
 ble that price, and difpofcs of them again at Pckin for a 
 much greater fum ; after which, an additional profit is 
 made of many of them at Japan. If, then, the original 
 
 I 
 
 value of a ikin at Kamtfchatka is thirty roubles, and it it 
 afterwards tronrported |o Okoilk, thrnrc by land 1,(64 
 miles to Kiachta, thcnre 760 miles tu I'ckin, ami after 
 that tu Ik tranfuortcd to Japan, what a lucrative trade 
 might be efiablilhcd between Kamtfchatka and Japan, 
 which is not above three weeks fail from it, at the iit- 
 moll? It may be necefl'ary to ubfcrve, that the princi- 
 pal and moll valuable part of the fur trade, lies among 
 the illands between Kamtfchatka and America. Bcer- 
 ing fird difcovered thefc in 1741. and as they were 
 found to abound with fea-otters, the Kullian merchants 
 fought anxioufiy for the other illands feen by that na- 
 vigator, S. E. of Kamtfchatka, named in Muller's map 
 the illands of St. Abraham, SedudUon, &ic. They fell 
 in with no lefs than three groups of ifiands, in thife 
 expeditions. I'hefird, about 15 de(^. E. of Kamt- 
 fchatka; anothe., ix deg. E. of the former; and the 
 third, ()onalaflika, and the neighbouring iflands. Thefc 
 mercantile adventurers alfo procecdetias far as Shu- 
 magin's Iflands, of which Kodiak is the largrll. But 
 here they met with fo warm a reception, for attempting 
 to compel the payment of a tribute, that they never 
 ventured fo far again. The three groups bcfore>mcn- 
 tioned, however, were made tributary. The whole fea 
 between Kamtfchatka and America is, according to the 
 Ruffian charts, covered with iflands ; for, as thofc who 
 were engaged in thefc expeditions, frequently fell in 
 with land, which they fuppofed did not tally with the 
 fituation laid down by preceding adventurers, they im- 
 .mediatcly fuppofed it to be a new difcovery, and re- 
 ported it accordingly on their return; and, as thefc vef- 
 icls were ufually out three or four yearl, and fomctimes 
 longer, I'uch miftakes could not immediately be rec- 
 tified. It is pretty certain, however, that only thofe 
 iflands which nave been enumerated, have been difco- 
 vered in that fea by the KalTiaDs, S. of 60 deg. latitude. 
 The fea otter fl^ins, which are ceruinly the mod valu- 
 able article in the fur trade, are principally drawn 
 from thefe iflands; which being now under the Ruf- 
 fian dominion, the merchants have fadors refiding in 
 fculements there, for the fole purpofc of bartering with 
 the natives. To extend this trade, an expedition was 
 fitted out by the admiralty of Okotflc, to nuke difco- 
 veries to the N. and N. E. of the above-mentioned 
 iflands, and the command of it given to Lieutenant 
 Synd. But, as this gentleman dirc<£led his courfc too 
 far N. he did not fucceed in the objedt of hii vayage t 
 for, as wc never found a fea-otter N. of Briftol bajr, 
 they, perhaps, avoid thofe latitudes where large amphi. 
 bious fca-animals are numerous. The Rullians have 
 not fince undertaken any expedition for making difco- 
 veriatothc eallward; but they will, probably, nriake 
 an advanugcous ufc of our difcovery of Cook's river. 
 Notwithflanding the general- intcrcourfe between the 
 natives, the Rufllans, and CofTacks, the former are as 
 much diftinguiflied from the latter by their habits and 
 difpofition, as by their features and general figure. 
 
 As the perfons of the natives have already been defcrib- 
 ed.wc Ihall only add, that, in their ftature, they arc below 
 the common height, which Major Behm attributes to 
 their marrying fo very early j both fexes ufually engag- 
 ing in the conjugal ftate at 13 or 14 years of age. 
 They arc exceedingly induArious, arid may be properly 
 contrafted with the Rullians and CofTacks, who fre- 
 quently intermarry with them, apparently, for no other 
 reafon, but that they may be fupported in laziaels and 
 floth. To this inaiftivity may be attributed thofe Tcor- 
 butic complaint, which moft of them arc dreadfully 
 afHiclcd with; whillt the natives, who cxerciTc in thfe 
 open air, entirely efcape them. 
 
 Their habitationsconfilt of threcdiftinaTortS;jourts, 
 balagans, and l(^-houfcs, which arc here callecl ifbas ; 
 they inhabit the firfl in the winter, and the Tecond in 
 thefummcT; the third arc introduced by the Ruflians. 
 wherein only the wealthier people reftdc. The jourts 
 are thus conftrudled. A kind of oblong fquare is dug 
 about fix feet deep in the earth; the dimenfions mull 
 be proportioned to the numbers who arc. to inhabit it, 
 for it IS uTual for feveral to live twether in the faitne 
 jourt. Strong wooden ports, or pilwrs, arc fafteaed in 
 2 the 
 
iblei, and ic ii 
 by land i .<64 
 :in, am) aitrr 
 icrative trade 
 :a and Japan, 
 ir, at the iit- 
 it the princi. 
 c, lies ninonp 
 erica. Bctr- 
 as they wcrt- 
 an merchants 
 ;n by that na- 
 Muller's inai> 
 c. They ftil 
 ndi, in thcfe 
 E. of Kami- 
 mcr; and the 
 illands. Thcfc 
 I* far as Shu- 
 largrll. But 
 ar attempting 
 at they never 
 i before, men- 
 rhe whole Tea 
 :ording to the 
 as thore who 
 [uently fell in 
 tally with the 
 rers, they im- 
 avery, and re- 
 , as thcfc vef- 
 id fometimes 
 ately be rcc- 
 at only thofe 
 c been difco- 
 deg. latitude, 
 he moil valu- 
 ripaliy drawn 
 ndcr the Ruf- 
 rs reliding in 
 bartering witli 
 (pedition was 
 
 nuke difco- 
 ve-mcntioned 
 :o Lieutenant 
 biis courfc too 
 if his v«yagc t 
 f Briftol bay, 
 
 large amphi. 
 Ruinans have 
 naking difco- 
 obably, make 
 Cook's river. 
 e between the 
 former arc as 
 eir habits and 
 al figure, 
 rbccndcfcrib- 
 thcy are below 
 
 1 attributes to 
 Lifually engag- 
 
 years of age. 
 ly be properly 
 cks, who frc- 
 /, for no other 
 in laziaefs and 
 cd thofe fcor- 
 ire dreadfully 
 ;xercife in th^ 
 
 afofU; jourts, 
 ■e called ifbas; 
 the fccond in 
 the Ruflians, 
 :. The jourts 
 ; fquarcisdug 
 nenfions mult 
 :. to inhabit it| 
 T in the fairie 
 in;, fafteaed in 
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 COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYA(;E~Tc» the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 
 
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 the ground, at equal diftancea fmm each other, on 
 which the bcami intended 10 Awpori the ftmf arc ex. 
 tended t which ii formed hy ioina, one end of which 
 reft upon the gi*ound, and tlie other on the bcami. 
 Between the j«ifta, iht inurOi^ci are tilled up with 
 wicker work, and turf la (\fte»d over the whole. The 
 external ap|)CBrancc of ajourt, rercii>bln a roumi fkiuat 
 hilhick. A hole, fervinK Tor a chiii)nr|r, windou, and 
 (ioor, ia left in the cenur, and the inhabitant* gu in and 
 out by the aHlllance of a lonu |k>Ic, having noiche* 
 deep enough to alford a little Jcciirity lor the uie. On 
 the lide, and even with the ground, there ii another en- 
 trance, appropriated to the life of the women I but if a 
 man palu-t in or out of thi« duor, he become* ai iiuich 
 anobjed of ridicule, ai a fjilor who ddccmU through 
 lubbcr't hole. A jourt confifts of <mc apartment, 
 lurroing an nblong fuuarc. Brund platfornx, made of 
 boardi, are cxteiHled along the (ides, at the height of 
 about iix inchet from the gruimdt which fervc them 
 for fluingon, and on which they repofci flrtl taking 
 care to cover them with imtt and iktn*. The fire- 
 place ii on one fide, and, on the other, their proviGoni 
 and culinary utenflla we (lowed. When they make en- 
 irrtainnwnti, the compliment ia confidercd in propor- 
 tion to the heat of the jourui the hotter they are made, 
 the more graciou* ia the reception of the guefti con- 
 lidered. We alwaya found them fo extremely hot ai 
 totx intolerable. They generally retire to their jourti 
 about the middle of Oaober, and continue in them till 
 the month of May ia more than half expired. To credl 
 a balagan, nine pofta are fixed into the earth, in three 
 reguUr rows, at equal diflances from each other, to the 
 heiRhtof about laor 13 feet from the furface. About 
 loieet fromthe grountf, rafVeraarc laid from poit to 
 poll, and fecurely faftencd by Arong ropci. The joiAi 
 arc laid upon thcfc raftcrt, and a turf covering com- 
 plete* thejriatfbrm or floor of the balagan. A roof of 
 a conical figure ia raifed upon thi«, by ipcans of long 
 polea, which are faflened to the rafter* atone end, aitu 
 meet together in a point at the top. The whole ii co. 
 vered, or rather thatched, with a coarfc kind of graft. 
 Thefe fummer habiutioni have two door*, placed di- 
 te&\y^ oppofite to each other, to which they afcend by 
 the lame kind of ladden that are ufcd in the jourt*. 
 In the lower part, which ii left entirely opcr., they dry 
 iheit fifh, vegeublea, and. other article* intended for the 
 confumption of the winter. Though fix familict ufually 
 live together in one jotirt, a balagan is feldom occupied 
 by more than one at a time. 1 he ilbai, or log.houfei. 
 are thua crc<^ed : long timbcri arc piled horizontally, 
 with' the cnda let into each other, ami the fcaj^a are 
 filled up or caulked With mof*. Like, thofe of our 
 comnuHi cottages, the roof ia (loping, and thatched 
 either with grali or rufhea. Eacn log-houfe luu three 
 apartments in the infidc. One end may be faid to be a. 
 kind of enttv, which extends the whole width .nnd 
 Iicight of the houfe. and lecms to be a kind qf rccepr 
 tacie for their bulky articles, a* fledges, harnefs, &c.' 
 This has a communication with their bcft apartment,' 
 which is in the middle, and is furnifhed with broad 
 benches, calculated both for eating and deeping upon. 
 
 \ A d<M>r ii -Ilia from thii into the kitrhen, airiiuf! half of 
 which is taken up with an oven, nrHre-placci which i« 
 let into the wall that feparatr* the middle apartincnt 
 and the kitchen, nnd i* fii conllrudicd at tn cmiimuni. 
 caie the heat to both room* at the fame time, 'there 
 arc two lol'ts over the kitchen and middle apartment, 
 to which the inhaMtnntt afcend by a ladder placed in 
 the entry for that purpofr. t*!ach apartment ha* two 
 fiiuill window* made of talc, and, aiitong the ir'crior 
 ueople, of filh.fkin. The board* and bcanit of their 
 nabitationi, are rmoothed onlv with a hatchet, for they 
 arc Aranger* to the plane 1 and the fiiiuke ha* rcildercd 
 them of a deep fhinlng black. 
 
 InKaiiufchatka, anollro^ in called a town, and con. 
 
 flfltof fcvcral houfciior habitationiof the variou* kinds 
 
 above-mentioned, Ualajjan* arccoiifiderably th: moll 
 
 numerou*! and it i* remarkable that we never law a 
 
 , houfe of any kind that was detached from an ollro^;. 
 
 'There are, in St, Pater and St Paul, fevcn log-houfct, 
 nineteen balagan*, and three jourtt. Paratounca is 
 nearly of the lame fite. Karatchin and Natchc«-kin 
 have not fo many log-houfe* a* the former, but lather 
 more balagana and lourti; whence it may be concluded 
 that fuch is the moft general fize of an ofYrog. 
 
 I'hc drcf) of the Kamtfchadale ^t omen having al. 
 ready been defcribed, we (liall proceed to that of the 
 men. I'he upper garment refemblcs that of a wag. 
 goner's frock. If for fummer wear, it is made of nan- 
 keen j if intended for winter, it is made of a (kin, 
 (gcnerallv that of a deer or dog) having one fide tanned, 
 and the nair preferved on the other, wnich i* worn in« 
 ncrmort. A clofc jacket of nankeen, or fome other 
 cotton (tuff, i* the next under thi*t and beneath that, 
 a iliirt made of thin Pcrlian filk, of a red, blue, or yel- 
 low colour. They wear alfo a pair of long breechet, 
 or tight trowfcrt, of leather, reaching below the calf 
 of the leg. They have likcwifea pair of boots, made 
 of dog or deer (kin, with the hair innermoft. They 
 have a fur cap, having two Haps that arc ufually tied up 
 clofe to the head, but arc permitted to fall round the 
 flioulder* in bad weather. The fur drefs, which was 
 prcfcnted by Major Behm'* fon to Captain King, ia 
 one of thofe worn on ceremonious occafiont by the 
 Toion*. It is (haped like the extarior garment we have 
 jufl defcribed, and confifls of fmall triangular piece* 
 of fur, chequered brown and white, and fo ingenioufly 
 joined as to appear to be of the fame fkin. A border, 
 of the breadth of fix inches, curioufly wrought with 
 different coloured threads of leather, fiirrounds the 
 bottom, and produces a rich effe£l. A broad edging 
 of the fca-otter's fkin is fufpended to this. The flecvcs 
 are ornamented with the fame materials. An edging 
 of it alfo encircles the neck, and furrounds the open- 
 ing ac the breaft. It is lined with a beautiful white 
 fkin. And the prefent wu accompanied with a pair 
 of gloves, ai cap. aiid a pair, of boots, executed with 
 the utnwd ncatnc ft, and compofcd of the fame ma- 
 teri.-U*. The RulTians who rcfide in Kamtfchatka, wear 
 the European drefs ; and the uniform worn by the troops 
 here, is of a dark green turned up with red. 
 
 CHA^ 
 
 
CtftMM King difpatebed to viftt tie Portuguefe <jovermr--4l>iy wubir in the Typa—CMtaiu King, Jucmpmed h bk 
 fitmd Lieuitmut and others, proceed to Cmioh—His reception at the Englij^ Faaory—Sif/pidoiu cbaraffer of the Ott- 
 n^fe—Olfer^tiois relative to the city of Cmtou^CaptMi King Vffits a Cbinefe tf the frjt JiJUnltion-'His retnrit M 
 
 fdacM'-GreM a.-mand for the fea-otters-jkins, and its effetl on our feamen— Plan of a voyage /» opening a for trade on 
 the wetUm coaft tf North- America, and nmking further difcaveries in the neigbieurbood «/" China and TapoH—Nantieed 
 imd other flriitures. j r^ 
 
 ,1< ' I i ^ <■ 
 
 THE oeople iituated to the N. and S. of Kamtr. 
 chauu, being but impcrfedUy known, we fliall, 
 before we proceed to the continuation of our •. 
 voya^, give fuch inlbrmation ai we have been able tq *■ 
 acquire refpeaing .he Kurile Iflanda, the Koftki. and 
 Tfchutfki. The Kuriles are a chain of ifhnds, extend- 
 ing from the fouthern promontory of fCamtfchat^a to 
 Japan, in a S. W. diro^lion. The inhabitants of the 
 neighbourhood of Lopatka, who were called Kuriles, 
 gave thcfe iflands the fame name^ as Toon as they be- 
 came acquainted with them. Spanberg makes their 
 number amount to 23, exclufive of the very fmall ones. 
 The northemmoft ifland is called Shpomlka, and lies 
 abdut three leagues diftant from the promontory of 
 Lopatka, its inhabiunts confiding of a mixture pf na- 
 tives and Kamtfchadales. The next, named j^ramoufir, 
 is confiderably larger than Shoomfki, and is inhabited 
 by the real natives, whofe anceftors, they fay, came 
 from an ifland called Onecutan, a little farther to the S. 
 The Ruffians paid their iirll vifit to thefe two iflands 
 in 1713, and added them to the domhiions of the Em- 
 prefa. The others, as far as Ooflielhcer inclufive, are 
 now made tribuury, if we may rely upon the informa- 
 tion of the worthy paflor of Paratounca, their miffion- 
 aiy; who pays them a vifit once in three years, and 
 mentions the iflanders in the mofl refpefbible terms, 
 extolling them for their hofpiulity and hununity ; and 
 that they excel their Kamtfchadale neighbours u much •» 
 in thfc gracefulnefs of their perfony, as in their docility'" 
 ixA underflandii^. Though the ifland of 6ofhefhecr 
 is the faithefl to the S. uf any under the dominion of 
 ftuffia, ycc <they are faid to trade to Ooroop, which is 
 the 1 8tn in older; and is the only one that has a gpod 
 harbour for vcflels of burthen. Nadeegfda lies to the 
 S. of this, add isfkid to be inhabited by a race of men 
 who aire remarkably hairy, and who live in a Rate, of 
 perleft indiipendeiice, like thofe of Ooroop. Nearly in 
 the fiuMf diredion lie a graupl of ifliuids called Jeefo^ by 
 the Jopanefct a name alio eiven bv them to the chain of 
 iffiiid* between Kamtfchatka and Japan. That called 
 Matniai, the ^rthCtt to the S. beloiiigt to the Japanefe, 
 and has % ga^rrilbn aiid fortUkattons on (he fide towards 
 tlfie continent. The iflahders of Kunadiir, and Zellany, 
 to thcN. %. of Mbtmai, and thtteothers, call^ the Three 
 Sifters, ftiti fiirther to the N. £ ave entitdv independent. 
 The inhabitants of Matmai barter witn thore of the 
 iflands laft-mentioned,aswell aswiththofeof theKurilcs 
 to the northward. Many of the inhabitant! of thofe iflands 
 thatare under the dominion of Ruflia, are now con- 
 verted to Chriflianity. And perhaps the time is not far 
 diflant, when an advanutceous commerce will be car- 
 ried on between Kamtfchatka and this ektcnfive chaiq 
 of iflands, which may afterwards prodvee ■ communi'*' 
 cation with Japan itfelf. The advant|«iniMlinuft m>«' 
 Ediibly accrue to the Rulfiaos by eflaliifbiq|; # cont< 
 merce with the Japanefe are lijfiiciently db^iau^ , 
 
 In the country of Korcki are two diftin^witipinai 
 callol the wandering and fixed Koriacs. Part c^Kb# 
 iflhmus of Kamtfchatka is inhabited by the fontM^ 
 well as all the coafl: of the <9ftern ocean, from thd 
 to the Anadir. The nation of the wandering Kori 
 extends weflward towards the river Kovyma, and along 
 the Nt E. of the fea of Okotflc, as fiir as the river Pcn- 
 fiuna.''The refcmblance between the fixed Koriacs. and 
 the Kamtfchadales, is very flriking: both countries de* 
 
 pend alike on fifhing for fubfiftence. Their cloathing 
 and habiutions are eaually flmilar. The fixed Koriac^c 
 are under the diftridt of Ingiga» and «rc tribuury to 
 Ruflia. The wandering Koriacs are employed wholly 
 in breeding and pafturing deer, and are faid to have 
 immenfe numbers in their pofTeffion ; it beiiwcommon 
 for a fingle chief to have a herd of 5,000. Upon the 
 flcfti of thefe animals they fubfift, having an averiion to 
 every kindof fifli.They ereftftoBahgans; theironly habi- 
 utions beingfomewhatlike thcKanicfehadal^ jourts, ex- 
 cept that, in winter, thnr are covered with raw deer-fliins. 
 and, in fummer, with fuch ai have been tanned. Their 
 fledces are drawn only^by deer, and thofe that are ufed 
 in drawing them feed.m the fame paflure with the 
 others. When they are wanted, the h^rdfman malces 
 ufe of a certain cry, which^j^bfeiiig very familiar to tl^em, 
 ihejr obey, and quit the hcfd irtnntMiiitely. The two 
 nations of the Koriacs, and the TTchii^ki, make ufe of 
 different diale£b of the fame hngiu^i but it has not 
 the fmalleft aflinity to that of the Kamtfchadale. The 
 Tfcrtutflti arc a courageous, well nude, warlike nice of 
 people; and are formidable neighbours td the Koriacs 
 of bpih nations, who often experience their depreda- 
 tions. The country inhabited by the Tfchutfki. is 
 bounded by the Anadir on the S. and extciids to the 
 Tfchutflcoi Nofs. Their attention, like that of the wan- 
 dering Koriacs, is confined chiefly to their deer, with 
 which their country abounds. The Rulfians have long- 
 endeavoured to brii^ them under their dominion; bur. 
 though they have loft a great number of men in diflfer- 
 ent expeditions, they have not jret been able to accom- 
 plifh this purpofe. It is now time to return to thehif- 
 tory of our voyage, and to make kitoiim the plan of bur 
 future operations. , 
 
 ]|n tli4'iafl!rudlions for the r<^lationbf thtpttfenc 
 voyage, thki Lords of the Admiralty had intnilfed the 
 CoouiMiiiding Ofllcer of the expedition with a difcre- 
 tionary power, in cafe of not faceting in thedifco- 
 very^pf a pafliigc from the ^cMc Ocean into the At- 
 lantic, tomiak^ choice, in |iii return to England, of 
 vhiitever route he. it^uld ji^eep^jpei-; the C$|mmo> 
 dore th<i^fore'dcfirejct that the^nhcipal officers would 
 deliver lHei^TentlnMbts,ui«!^infl^ir«^^ve to the lAode 
 iiK which th<^e iitftruanm lliig^ «^ be 
 
 carried into exe^uCkDq. . .i:;liejxfiUt''of their opinions, 
 which, to his great fatisfaSiiui, he found unanimous^ 
 and perfedUy'i^reeing with hfi own', was, that the c6n- 
 ditionofthefhips, their fails, cordage, &c. rendered it 
 hazardous and unfafe^onuke any attempt, as the win- 
 ter was now approaching, to navigate the fea between 
 Afia andjaaan. which would otherwife have opened to 
 us, the lawt copious field for d^coveryi tha^t it was 
 therefiK%IX|pfl prudent to fieer to the ea^waid of that 
 iflmd. fl^4M our way thither, to fail aj^g t|^ Kuriles, 
 'wdei^tni'n* particularly thofe iflands, that »^e Stixitcd 
 jieaidUlo the northern coaft ^ Japii, ivjhichlbc (kid 
 t9 Ir of ^onfiderable extent, and not Tubjcdt to the 
 .RuflUma or J^puiefc, Should we have the gpod for- 
 tune to meet .with fomt fecure and commodiouilur. 
 hours in any of thefe iflands, we fuppofed they might 
 prove of confiderable imporunce, as convenient places 
 of (belter for jGibfcquent, navigators, who might be em- 
 plojrcd in exploring the feas, or as the means of |(d. 
 dHcini^ a CQQunc^Tal intercourfe among the adjaiMM 
 dominions of the two above-mentioned empires. Our 
 
 nect 
 
u .( t. 
 
 beGrandtt. 
 kicb MttM— 
 npiniedlybk 
 trfftieCU. 
 •His retkrii M 
 »>r trade m 
 t—NoHiifsi 
 
 leir ckMthirq; 
 fixed Koriacs 
 ! tributaiy to 
 >loyed wholly 
 faid to have 
 'iittcemmon 
 . Upon the 
 _in avedion to 
 teironlyhabi^ 
 ■»l?jourrt,ex- 
 iwdecr.fkirar, 
 inned. Their 
 that are ured 
 lire with the 
 Ifman makes 
 iliartothem, 
 y. The two 
 imkcufeof 
 >ut it has not 
 »adale. The 
 arlike race of 
 'the Koriacs 
 >«* depreda- 
 Tfchutlki, is 
 (tends to the 
 itofthewao- 
 irdeer, with 
 ins have long' 
 iminion) biir; 
 nen in difier- 
 lie to accom- 
 imtothehif- 
 e plan of our 
 
 f the prefcnt 
 inrniffed the 
 ith a difcre- 
 in the difco- 
 into the At- 
 England, of 
 he Cjimnio. 
 fRcert would 
 todieinode 
 reduaOir be 
 'ir opinions, 
 unanimous, 
 liat the c6n- 
 rendercd it 
 as the win- 
 fea between 
 e opened to 
 tha,t jt waa 
 rard of that 
 the Kurifes, 
 aieQjUutcd 
 ch&c (aid 
 ^jeH to the 
 :0>od for- 
 odiouilur. 
 they might 
 iiient places 
 ght be em- 
 uuofpiD. 
 leadjacgot 
 MKs. Our 
 nwt 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVA(3E^To the PAOFIC OCEAN, Uc> 64I 
 
 next oUedl was to uke a fu'-vey of the Japanerc Iflcs ; 
 after which w« deligned to make the coaft of China, as 
 ht to the N. u might be in our power, and then to 
 
 Kracccdtp Macao. This plan being adopted. Captain 
 ling rcoHved oiden, in cafe the two (hips (hould fepa* 
 rate, to repair, without delay, to Macao. 
 
 On Saturday, the 9th of Odtober, at fix o'clock, 
 P. M. having cleared the entrance of the Bay of Awat- 
 Ika. we made fail to the S. E. At midnight we had a 
 ieaid calm, whidi continued till noon of the following 
 daf> A breete fpringing up from the W. about three 
 oTckck, P. M. we fleered to the S. along the coaft. A 
 'head-land now opened with Cape Gavareea, in the di- 
 leftionofS.byW. fituated nearly 30 miles bevond it. On 
 Monday, the nth, at noon, we obfervcd in fat. o deg. 
 4 min . long. 1 j 8 deg. 3 1 min. Cape Gavareea bearing 
 N. by W. one quarter W. and the fouthern extremity 
 8. W. half W. We were now at the diftance of 9 or 
 10 miles from the neareft part of the coaft, and per- 
 ceived the whole inland country covered with fnow. 
 A point of land towards the S. formed the northern fide 
 of a deep bay, diftinguiftied by the name of Achachin- 
 flcol, to the touthward of which, the land did not exhi- 
 bit fuch a run^ and barren afpeA, as was obfervable 
 in that part of the country which we had before paiTcd. 
 On Tuefday, the 1 2th, at fix o'clock P. M. wc dif- 
 ccmed, from the maft-hcad, Cape Lopatka, which is 
 the mod fouthern extreme of Kamtfchatka. This, by 
 accurate obfervations, wc found to be in lat. {i deg. and 
 in the lon^. of 1 56 deg. 4$ min. We perceived, to the 
 N. W. of It, a very lofty mountain, whofe fummit was 
 loft in the cloudi. At the fame inftant. the iirft of the 
 Kurile iflands, named Shoomfta, made its appearance, 
 in the diredlion of W. half S. On Wedncfday, the 1 3th, 
 at day-break, we delcried the fecond of the Kurile 
 iflands. named Paranwufir, by the Ruflians, extending 
 from W. hsif S. to N. W. by W, This land was ex- 
 ceedingly high, and almoft covered with fnow. The 
 ifland isthefargeftof the Kuriles; and its fouthern ex- 
 tremity flands, according to our computation, in lat. 
 49 deg. 58 min. the northern extremity we place in lat. 
 
 Sdeg. 46 min. long. 10 deg. W. ot Cape Lopatka. 
 ring the two following days, the wind, blowing frefh 
 from the W. obliged us to fleerto thefouchward, and con. 
 fequenrly prevented us from feeing any more of the Ku- 
 riles. On Saturday, the 16th, our lat. was 45 deg. 27 
 min. our long, deduced firom many lunar obfervations 
 , taken the three preceding da^s, was 155 deg. 30 min. 
 and the variation 4 deg. 30 min. E. In this (ituaiion, 
 WtT vtere almoft encompafled by the real or pretended 
 difcoverics of prior navigators; not one of which we 
 Were fortunate enough to meet with in our courfe. Hie 
 wind having veered m the afternoon to the northward, 
 we hauled round to the W. In the couiie of this day, 
 weobferyed fevini albatioflcs, fulmars, and numerous 
 flocks of ^lls: we «Ub fawa number of fifli, called gram- 
 pUflTes by our IkikMij but we were rather inclined to 
 
 Judge, from the appearance of thole which palTed clofe 
 »y our velRls, that they were the kafatka, or fword-ftfli. 
 Sunday, the i^th, we obfervcd in lat. 45 dec. 7 min. 
 long, f i^ de^. On the rath, at two o'clock A. M. we 
 hauled our wind, atld'ftood to the Ibuthward till five, at 
 which time a violent ftorm reduced us to our courfes. 
 Though firbm the unftivourable (hite of tlic weather, 
 there was but little probability of our making the land, 
 our attention was (till anxioufljr direAed to mis objedl; 
 ihdoH iheabpeartuKe of day-light, we ventured to fteer 
 W. IvS. Wc proceeded on the fame courfe till 10 
 d'ctaeK, WhiA the wind fuddcniy veered round to the 
 S. W. atWnM with fair weather. Scarce had we a- 
 vailed ouiielvet of this, by letting out our reefs, and fet- 
 ting the top-liiils, v *«mi it began to blow with fuch ve- 
 hemencc, tW we were under the nrceflitjr of clofe reef- 
 ing anini and, about noon, the wihd (hifting more to 
 the W. we were plcvented from continuing any longer 
 on this thck : we thereibre put about, and flood towards 
 the S. We were now in lat. 44 deg. t a min. hng. 1 co 
 '^Aeg. 40 min. fo that, after all our exertions, we had the 
 iftortiflcation of finding ourfclves, accord in? to the 
 Ruffian ehans. upon the tame meridian uith Nadcegf- 
 No, 78. 
 
 da, which they reprcfent as the moft foutherty of all tie 
 Kurile iflands. 'rhoudi the violent and adverfe winds 
 i.||tat we had met with tor fut day* pafl, had deprived us 
 of an opportunitjr of getting in with thefe iflands, yet 
 the courfe on which we had been obliged to prdceedi 
 did not prove altogether deftitute of geographical ad- 
 vantages: for the group of iflands, comprehending 
 Zellany, Kunaftiir, and the Three Sifters, which, in the 
 maps of M. D'Anville, are laid dOWn in the track we 
 had juft crofled, are, by dtik'hi^'ns, demonftTfAiIy rf- 
 moved from that pofitiont anittHu^ anadditro^l prddf 
 is obtained of their being fitUatcd to thfc'WrWh^ Cap- 
 tain Spanberg has placed them, between the iMigitudei 
 of 142 and 147 dci^. But this flpace being occupied, in 
 the French charts, by Staten ifland, am^paft of the 
 fuppofed land of Jefo, the opinion of Muller becoW^ 
 highly probable, :hat tliey are all the fame lands i 
 and, as we have no reafon to call in queftion the accu- 
 racy of Spanberg, we have, in our general chaft, rein- 
 ftated Kunafliir, Zellany, and the Three Siflers, in theit 
 proper fltuaiion. and have totally omitted the reft. 
 When we confider the manner in which the/Ruflians 
 have multiplied the iflands of the northern Archipe- 
 lago, not only from the want ot accuracy in afcertain^ 
 ing their real Jjofition, but likewife frdm the defire, na- 
 tural to mankind, of propagating new difcoveries, we 
 (hall not be furprized, chat the fame caufes (hould pro.' 
 duce fimilar efledls. It is thus that the lands of Jefo, 
 which appear, as well from the earlteft traditions among 
 the Ruflians. as from the accounts of the Japanefe, to 
 be no other than the Kurile Iflands, have been imagined 
 to be diftindt from the latter. De Gama's land is next 
 on record ; and this was originally reprefented as being 
 nearly the fame in fltuation with tnofe we have juft 
 mentioned ; but it was afterwards removed, in order to 
 make room for Staten's Ifland, and the Company's land; 
 and as Jefo, and the moft foutherly of the Kuriles, had 
 tikewife poffeflion of this fpace, that nothing might 
 be loft, the former had a place provided for it wefl- 
 ward, and the latter towards the E. As, according to 
 the Ruflian chartf, the ifles of Kunafhir and ZcUany, 
 were ftill to the S. We entertained feme hopes of being 
 able to make them, and, with this view, kept the head 
 of the Refolution towards tne W. as much as the wind 
 would permit. On Wedncfday, the 20th, at noon, we 
 obfervcd in lat. 43 deg. 47 min. long. 150 deg. 30 min. 
 We were then (landing to the W. by S. with a gentle 
 breeze from the S. E. but about three o'clock P. M. the 
 wind, ftiifting to the N. W. point, began to blow with 
 fuch violence, that we were brought under our mizen 
 ftay-fail, and fore-fail. For the ibilowing 24 hours we 
 had heavy rain, and vehement fqualls ; and as the wind 
 continued to blow from the N. W. our attempts.to make 
 the land were rendered abortive ; and we were at length 
 obliged to relinqui(h all further thoughts of difcovcry 
 to the northward of Japah: To this difappointment 
 we fubmitted with the greater reluAance, as our curio- 
 fity had been confldcraMy excited by the accounts that 
 are given of the natives of thefe iflands. On the 3 1 ftj 
 in the afternoon, an accident befel our fliip, the Refo- 
 lution ; for the leach-rope of her fore-top-fail save 
 way, and fpHt the fail. This having fi(<cquently hap- 
 pened during the life of Capuin Cook, he had. on fuch . 
 (Kcafions, ordered the 6x>t and leach-ropcs of the top- 
 fails to be taken out, and larger ones to be fixed in their 
 room t and thefe likewife proving incapable of fupport- . 
 ing the ftrain that was on theni, gave him good tctlon't 
 to obfcrve to us, that the juft proportion of fttength be- 
 tween the fiiil and thofe ropes, is extrertiely mifcalcniated 
 in our fervice. On the aid, in the ttiorning, we let out' 
 the reeft cf our tc^-fails, and carried more fail. At 
 noon, we found ourfclves to be iu lat. 40 deg. j8 min. 
 long. 148 deg. 1 7 min. variation of the needle ^ deg. E. 
 This day fome birds aflorded us clear indications that 
 we were not at any confiderabic diftance from land : 
 with this hope wc (teered tp the W. N. W. in which 
 dire^ion were (ituaied, at the diftance of' about 50 
 leagues, the fouthernmoft iflands. ften by Captain 
 Spanb*'?. and faid to be inhabited by hairy men. At 
 
 I eight o'clock, the ful)o^ving morning, a frefti breeze 
 7 Z fpringing 
 
 I 
 
6#J 
 
 qipf, C Q>i0Jf,*t V O Y.^ Q.E S C O M P li B T ]?;. 
 
 i }■ » 
 
 i I 
 
 
 4ifcmiDa(«(^a wc M violent ^uaUf-galaK^i 
 
 W . jHW ftn» PMCha of. grwp pr»|i, ,,-^ ^-y r-r- 
 A^jAimbcr of fuMll (and bit«|i«^ ihia, ^Of^ ntM^ fM» 
 of |{Mlu>mrc4i4 .not think it confirm Htitli frade^ce. 
 luviingalrthcfi: ngtn or the vicinity of land, iq Aitm) 
 the whole flight : abcHit midnight therefore w^ 
 
 , . «J!«fW mmn fhe N. j|nd hl5f(;H lue^l 
 
 HS>Mii?fi1»t^ 9^^ lecond dirappoimmciBt in o^ 
 fttcmpUMgqt 10 Mw If. ,>y. the tempeiluom wtatVr 
 |NtidiyhicKwehs0bsrn hanafl'ed, and theTiDyMiKP- 
 m»imfitthtt &»$M of the year, of it^fxcAg 
 inon; «iv(^m|ile to our dcfigni, were the- motivck ifi^ 
 now. induced, Captain Gore to abandon finally ;i< fuf^ 
 therTearch for thJE iflands fituate to the northward of 
 Japan, and tqdired our courfi: to the W. S. W. Ifor the 
 Dorthem part of that ifland. Oi^ the jjth, at noon. 
 Wf werei^lat.40 deg. 18 min. and in long. i44d|E^. 
 Jplljl^ttof wild duciu were this day pbferved by uai a 
 
 Eigcon lighted .upon our riggingj and many fidiall 
 irds, refcmbling finncti, flew about the Ihipt, with a 
 degree of vigour, that gave us rcafon |o imagine they 
 l^tnpt .been long pn the wiifg. We a}fo paiJTed a 
 pii^ either of bsunboo pr funr-caiie, ana feveral 
 pfit(;hcsof longgrafs. Thefe iiidicatioas of our being 
 at (}o gi[efit diflance from land,deteniMncd us to try bv 
 loupdings ; but we could not reach the bottom with 90 
 fathoms of line. On the approach of evening, the 
 ^ind gradually veered round to the S., with which we 
 fiontinued our courfc to the W. S. W. On Tucfday, 
 t^e 36th,atday'>biieak. we had the (atisfadion of per- 
 ' cetYilg bigh<land towards the^ W. which proved to be 
 Japwi. At eight o'clock, it was at the diftance of ten 
 or twelve miles, and extended from S. by W. to N. W. 
 A low flat cape, which apparently conflituted the 
 . ibmhem partpf the entrance, of a bay, bore N.. W. 
 iiue^.<uiartets W. Near thie S. extremity, a hill of a 
 tonif m[ure appeucd, beariiif; S. by W. three quarters 
 yf. io(he|l.<>f thiahiil, therefccmedtofaean inn 
 let of very confidetable depth, the northern fide of 
 ' whdfe entnnq; is formed by a low. point of lands and, 
 as well as we were enabled to judge by the afliflance of 
 our gfafics, has a fmall ifland near it towards the S. 
 Having flood on till nine o'clock, we had, by th|t time, 
 approached, withb five or fix lailes of ^e land, which 
 bore W. three quarters S. We now tacke^, and flood 
 f off{ but as the wind fiiiled us, we had proceeded, at 
 noon, to no greater diflaiKe than 3 leagues from the 
 frore. This part jof die coaft extended fimm Ni W., 
 bj^N. toS. half E. and was principally bold and, c|i^.' 
 Tlw^Iow cape above-nientionfd, ; was about fix . Icagu^ 
 diftant, bearing N. Yf. by W, and the noithcm point ^ 
 the inlet was intht dirc^Monof S. three qoartcra W. 
 Our lat. bv obTervatHMi, w^s 40 deg. 5 mu^. ani our 
 long. 143 deg. 29^ min. Thp mpft northerly land in 
 view, waa fiipp^ilcd by «s to b« the noithem extreme of 
 Japd^i. It is ttMuefflm lower than dte oth^r parti ; aa4 
 ^m the nuve pf the elcTa(«d lands that wcfe difcemed 
 ' over it from rhe DunJktadLthe djallinpuiifidUy appeared 
 f to tifend to the wf^ftward. . Ihf: iOf|^4K>i«| of t|ie 
 |i|ilet ma imaopncdbyua to |)e,C^ tlpn^i §nd w« 
 |cwye^Ned. ifm the town. WWVh J«ifi»>< calis {i^hft, 
 lAoiad inabawak of thehia^ land^ ^owfrdi ^il4u^ (% 
 i^if^^uffftmadj ,4^e&ei. it(c|f. ttm neig^iboMrini 
 looMniiy^M of 41 vindqnw > dmpti«i, and ha* « douhk 
 |i;|uwe of amnuaiiM. It ia well fiirniibpd irith wood.; 
 
 perceived m linfllK ai^g from Kveral vitti^ or 
 towBi^ andfinrmaof hoi^ ind^ghtfiil and cuUt 
 vaced ftiwdona, at ■ fmall difianca from tht Ante, 
 WhUe the caloi continuad, that we miglR kfe no 
 lime, weputoar filNni lines ovnhoarl, in ^ fr* 
 dMBia««n^ fauthadnofimdi. ThiabeiM|dKodbr: 
 divofion which onr pvtIiNitdrctiintenca wnuid pom 
 ^ w *«an» «c voy ftiMiMr Mt «ur 4i<fffii«!aimMfi, 
 
 mmmm 
 
 and Ipohed b«k with nwct to thecod4M»k»of thi 
 difmalrn^we hwl Ut«Siqwttt4^|c:h4MMl(i||»i««l 
 
 dwn « «f&i(K to ^ ti4i«^i9iWET 
 ' !obftrvationi,,an4 thf liMilftiii 
 
 the wind bhw ^ torn ^futd^in fin^^ hilie- 
 
 9«ght(. JM^ njl eight o't , , 
 vhtn thq n^nd flu(tiqg to jthe'iH. 
 
 ^ittte, we made fiiil, and Aeered'a , 
 
 t(»w9rd» thelafid* whi^h, however, wo didn/mpwSf 
 ^^ threp in the ^«o«h at w^,^e jt! waiAn 
 
 t^rfy exttemtty wMi a contjnui^ hf ^ itfflitcd 
 land, the r(mthcramo(t we had obfi^rved the pvMMliM 
 
 the High Table HiU of Janfen. . Thecof^b^nwen 
 the twocxtremM. wttW and alNyil)c|;f^3Mfct)^J(,hi,B^., 
 caved, except fijmth^ m(»|M|P5««i» ,! Wt Pfinepsde* 
 towai-ds the coaft tiU eight m4he evening, whwicm 
 dtftance froin it was about 5 le^es, {mdhavjyag 4|ori 
 tened fail for thejiight. wf ftecicd in^ a romhei^fl^ 
 rciflion, founding ev?iy four hoMra^^byt oiir dM^itoC 
 water was fogrcM, tWuj^Wfii: #l,nflit, find graund,)vi|h 
 
 leofathpmstrf llM,; a h,i;.c^ >..,.„ .Y „ ,i ,„ 
 
 pn Thwrfday ^le^aStjL^fix olqlock A.M.-W mlm 
 &w land, la IfftJw^ri^iJW. WVt^»^^ <^ that.weha* 
 i^?"^*''?.^''' '?'%'< «RPfai4ettfh).iii,,w. tar ».it«> 
 W. S. W. At ten oclpcl^ wc %wn[ipi;e:land in the 
 fame direaion.. ; Af Wn. the no^th^i extmnity , oC 
 the land m view borq N»,W. by^ljr. and a p^Jted WH, 
 over a ftccp lie«d>-lai>d. was 15, o^, f6<inilfSidii^Mlfk 
 bearing W. by N. By obIervation,nur Int. was ajB di^ 
 16 min. and our long;.. ^4* deg, 9 njin, Pucu^')^ 
 remainder of the ^y, we contwuedoiir c<ynle:to^)h<i 
 S. W. and. at midnight, found fttit, 4g^th^watei}:l9) 
 be 70 fathoms, over a,bottbin of fiiv;^ bniwfh fi^d.: ■ iVii 
 thcfe^re hauled up towatdf t^ Ei uj^l thfintxt fi(r«b 
 ing._whcn we agaiaM,flg)u of,;i^K(|,^«^#fvl(«g^ 
 the ^*o( that we hi|d ften thef»weiHnK.day. , Thfl 
 ground was low towardathe.ii»,( ff^\,fMn^ly fw«mi4 
 into hills of a moderate el<Y>flS"'i iAi'-QVte 9'clQck« 
 the Iky being ovcrcaft, wk|. ^m/^y/fn^, to the 5^. 
 we tacked andLftqcrf off tp the|ft*^ then w« 
 obfcrved a vefleli clo% in with thei|ii|(il|M|d^ the 
 N. along the ^e,,^nd, weh«p,J*fe W^i^ in, the 
 offinfr cortiing dojvn on us b^^% Wind. Qb^ 
 belonging to a countnr (b/celebauM„|pd ypt Co iip[ 
 fedly^nown, excited a^gene^j^pitls of ci 
 
 in coi^cquence of wh^ck; eveqr sgj^mti^v^ ^^^ 
 veflp^o w»jMJww?iwoi« n 
 
 gresMt i^ifl^^nce fF9ra 
 
 Erehenfiveofa|armin|^ 
 ]^dieapp^i^e:Of 
 Culed a-head of us. 
 biuGaptidi 
 
 their appri^^QQni 
 have m^n^^pevciit..i 
 withth?JapM?^i 
 terrupuon. Acwiding to 
 wif W<M:e«»bW» fo^ 
 of 4P tonai and uere fiei 
 her. $he hf^ ^K pne 
 quadranpdair CmI,, exi 
 of which wodud. forwarda. 
 
 dp^qilMihttyi 
 fioih each,other. 
 
 dian«t,ea^.ea4i an4 
 
 fjBffini.ofher 
 
 ■f%mmit\ 
 live jKlthpiiibin- 
 
 ^^siAlfcnqntipaM' 
 MTMhoiiM « 
 
 IHCC«»«f black 
 
 WH lower in ae ntuddie 
 h»:%iM« w« f^ppoftd„ 
 
 ifcdvw|ai^. At'oooi^ 
 ue^jmHi mnch rain«. % 
 
 ^<iHndi^j^Lf«^j^^ 
 
 duee o'clock it had incrcued in m» i 
 
 w0 were Npuced to pur cbutfes. 
 
 time,' ran pa )i(g^ ^1 any otoaromife ewec mnemim: 
 
 «dwee,awt- 
 •ttn« lam«; 
 
 j ' 
 
 t9^VC Ji«i|lt. About cijibt 0*4 
 

 
 Mndin i;bfl 
 
 i.m^"t.ni«r«K 
 
 {.day. , Th« 
 •IJy fw«||^ 
 
 qgitotheS. 
 Mvtbe 
 
 t fo iqiMr. 
 IW^ (me 
 
 mpmM 
 
 tliftbfi£e(> 
 «f hhcfc 
 
 heimJfiie 
 
 At Mom 
 '•in.. ^. 
 
 OMliiMMt 
 
 J.oiuiin MSfiJuJ fyjt/eK'.2£>y^,at^uJiiLi^je^ii-iiuJirio.litteiytarterJi(nr . 
 
w 
 
 1; 
 
 i!' 
 
 
 1 
 
 4i. 
 
 1 1 
 
 H- 
 
 n 
 
 i f- 
 
 * 
 
 I 
 
4y 
 
 
 
 t= 
 
 vtit h B T U- 
 
 % 
 
 Idl 
 
 
'l'\- 
 
 W '' 
 
 v > 
 
 p^ 
 
 
 P '5 
 
 
 1' 
 
 ; 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 . ' 
 
 1 
 
 
 X.rilil. 
 
 MinryjrxnrrA U«n4 IrtnffKXX 
 
 HlUnltf.tftttt 
 
 8l'IiP!nUIItand< l-"»'5' ■•£ 
 
 ( V«r .1 <»K. 
 
 Var.t.ailtKavuj7^9. \ 
 
 \ 
 
 SMiihl. 
 
 . Viit I It B , 
 
 Milei 
 
 IS 
 
milm/ll'.rrarl 
 
 COQR'8 fTHIRDUtd LAST WfStXAGE-tVo the PACIFIC X)CEAN, &c. 
 
 *43 
 
 theoRle, without the rimlleftjdiftiiNiitonf^'vMeMta. 
 fhifted to the W. Mid l»'|HodMiiig a. AidMillhclL'iM 
 «dii«dMo(«cql|trary to ti»t «liif8hiMtefof«<|iM««ilni) 
 MUftd our fliip* IQ tabow ni Onin jwwdlijttfcrj 
 During the, ftottti, «^ Miorfimialof wir^AUiirpiiii^ 
 They EMitiiidMii btffn<bMifbrrQ4onf»ijMMM 
 wcM wom To tfchi. thit. this iiceidcm hddh#M«t 
 lately in bothvcflTcU alnkrfl daily i partipuliuily when 
 therailaMWK'fUir. and!h<»«)»>with raii)rM!VI*hieh»c^ 
 theybccaihelds capablojof bcarinrtReiliAltti M>iihfl 
 bolfterous and variabto-windt we e»eM«NCedjOcak<ibn,L, 
 ally. On Saturday, the 30th at noM, w« onftr««l 1 m 
 |M<36 deg. 41 min. long. I44dcg.'6'niin. In theaf- 
 ternoon, the wind flufting to the N. E. wc ftood to the 
 S. at thc.diftance of 18 Itraguci fvom iIm flwre. On 
 the rrftk A two o'clock A. M. the wind vt^Nd'it>Ua4 to 
 the W; and hiew inviolent Tqualli^^ aoci(n|fpAnM<wMi 
 Hghtnlng aMd rain. • • ■ •' ."*'■' "■ 
 
 Mbnday. November the I (I. tite wiM (hifttd to the 
 S. E. and was attended with fair wcMieft-in confo* 
 quence of whichi we' obtainedl'iwiih four' diflfcrent 
 quadrants, 4a ftbof diftofni^i eif the tnoon,' frotn the 
 fun and ftan, each fct com^rth^iding fiit ebfei^riNiont. 
 Thefe nearly «oiiiciding' <rith' each other;> we 4cVitu 
 mined, at h6on, by obfervailon, our lat. tttbof '3IJ 'ti«gJ 
 ■ 17 roin. and our long, with great accuracy, to bc(i4i 
 deg. 32 min. At two o'clock, we again mad^' land 
 ta/w«n)sthe W. diftant 13 Ica^s. A ltutnnio<^kf to 
 the northward, which had *n infular ap^arartce bof« 
 N.N. W.half W. We ftcered for tbri land tillbtk. 
 twcen live and fix, Mvhen we hauled ««r'tt*ind t* the Si 
 At this time wcdefcried totheweftward * mountain of 
 extriordinnry height, With a round futndit.rifing far in- 
 land. In \\a neighbourhood the coaft i« of a itiodehlte 
 elevation; but, to tb« S, of the humrnbckf iflaod, there 
 appoai«d ata'canficteriblediflariceup the country, a 
 rutee of 'hills, extending toward* the mountain, >artd 
 which might perha|>s join it. As the weather, itt the 
 morning of the 2nd, bad a very threatening appear- 
 ance, and the wind was at S. S. E. we thought it ad- 
 vifcable to quit the neighbourhood foiP th« iiiore, and 
 ftand olf towards the E. that thi; fll^d *iit|ht not be 
 entangled with the land. We- weti«"wdt'l5cceived in 
 our prognoftications ; for not long afterwards,'^ heavy 
 gale began to blow, which continued (ill the next day, 
 and was attended with rainy and hazy weather. On 
 Wednefday the 3d, in the mornihg,' wc fijurtrf ourfelvc* 
 by our reckoning! upWardt of jo leagtws frort) tticcoaftt 
 which circumftance, united to the confideraikih ofthe 
 Very uncoiiiHion effied of ckirn^* we had alreadV' •x.i. 
 pcrl*nced, the advanced peridd of the year, the vari- 
 able and uncertain (late of the weather^ and ' the fmali 
 profpe(ftwe had of any alteration Ibr the better, in* 
 duced Captain Goretofertfi.the'reibtution of leaving 
 Japan, and profbcutlhgtfuriVt^yage to China t tdw4ifch 
 fadhmaybe oddedi mt thbeoMl of'^pan, aocqrdi 
 kig tO'Ktempfer's deterip^ion bfit^ it the mod dangctu 
 «us in all theknown'world ; that it would have been 
 exceedingly hazardous, in cafe of diftrefs, to have run 
 ittio tiny efthe harbours of Vhrit-coiirftry riUfhere^ if 
 wc may credit the mOftatithemi^^^riten^ thtfi«Vei(fiont»f 
 the natives to ■ ebnirallrtictlriOA' > With ftrMign^- has 
 prompt^ v'hent w thfe cdmft»ffi^n<bf- the' ittoft fla|;r«tR 
 a£ls of barbarity; tha^ouf veiftls'wereina leaky con- 
 ditinn: that the rigging'Waa fo'rMteh is to lienuire con- 
 tinual repairs; and that «he fiiils-1ver«'ahtiOft''eAttrlBly 
 %ornout, and Incapable of wltt^AandingCh^JVChtiAcncc 
 of a gale of wind. As the violent durrehCa; i^hiteh <(*t 
 alon^the eaftem coaft> of Japan, tMif-pbthaptbeiku- 
 {tended with dangerous coAfeqUencei to thbfe ittvigiK- 
 tors, whoare not acquainted with their <«tren(e htpidky, 
 we will here Aibjoin a fummary account 'Of 'thtfirdircci- 
 tion and fbree, as tiMarked by vk 4t6ta^iAKitik^ 4il 
 8th of NoveMbirr.Oli the'iitita:th«4t«nHvlMnnl«W0 
 about 1 8 leagues to die E. of White Pt^t^ tlW -OMI^ 
 iertt fetat tifeiiitt«f ^ MilctHnih tM|^1^<Ni;&;4nd 
 by N. On thitiHldiia W«Mlid»i Mefiie(«tpi|M(Kdhw^ 
 fhorc, we obferved, that (t cMiftnued in •^HMr^rvei 
 tion,but wa^iaugmentcdiin itsrapklityt* $!rf«fl«3«^M3Uf). 
 Aa iTereiceded from' the coaA/^it-ir^iHi' b^me mitt 
 
 3 
 
 inederatr, aAdiktinedtowaidiihiiE. On rhe>d,at 
 the4i(lMide of 60 leaouet from the lhore,'ii (er, at 
 th^iMOof 3<n»ilM«i ho«r. to the E. N. E On the 
 ff<«hifoilo«hi|da^ irnmMd'tothe fouthward, and; at 
 tiolcacutiO«Mi»thetoillkr<t*diicaion was 6. E. ind 
 ifi^c did Mk^lKecd'oapl^itite ilnd • half an hour. 
 ft iii:^ih, on the €tH. and.fth.fiiifted to the N. E. and 
 its iorcediminiihed gradually tilt the8ch,at which'titne 
 ntccottld MQCt perceive anrMnentt '■ ■■••'' '' " " < 
 DUriiig the 4th and $th of November, w« fkoOitAtd 
 to the fouth..eanward^ with yery unfetlted WMther, 
 having much' lightening and rain. On Sa^rdiry, M 
 6ih, we changed our courfe to the S. S. W. but about 
 eight o'clock, in the evening, wc were obliged to (land 
 towards theS; E. Onthe 9that noon, we obferved irt 
 lacjrdegv^ min. king.^ 1(46 deg. 29 min. Friday*. 
 tDie lltbi'adikAvvioftntgalevMftf, whieh reduced usf* 
 the mikim^iiftttHmi&eejkUi ' At noon, we were In 
 lat. 27 deg. 36 li^in. and in long. (44 deg. i^ min. On 
 •hcUpthk' we were nearly in tne finr,*: fituadon attrii. 
 bated to the ifland ol St. Juan, yet wofaw.not the Icaft 
 apftearance of land. Ar lix a'olock,' R M. wt fte^rod 
 to W. ». W. Captain Gore thinking it uJOIef* to ftatid 
 any longer to the & S. W;,< as we were neallly in'thefame 
 meridian with the Ladrones, or Marianne' lllandt, and 
 at M> very confidcpabie diRance from the track of the 
 Manilla galleons. !iOn Monday, the 15th, wefaw'thrde 
 idands, and bore awaf for the S. point of the'lat^eR>, 
 wpon which wc obferved a high barren hill.'flMtlih'at 
 thfrtop, and when fccn fromthe W. 8. W. prcfthta an 
 evident volcanic crater. Theearth,^rock, orfarid, for 
 it was not^ cafy to didinguilh of which its (Urfikci is 
 ^ompofed, exhibited various colours, and a confiderable 
 part we conjcdordd' to be lulphui*, both from its ap^ 
 {>eamnce.to the eye, andtheftrong fulphureous (Mili 
 
 SErociviK] by us in our ^proach to the point. The 
 tfolution having pafled nearer the land,'(evcralofour 
 officers thought they difcemed (Icams proceeding from 
 the top of tne hill. Thefe circumilance* induced' the 
 Commodore to beAow on this difcovery, the name df 
 Sulphur Ifland. On! Friday, the a6th, at fir o'clock 
 A,. M.'the wind having qondderably abated,' we fet ovk 
 tc(p*fails, let out' therecia, and bore away to tli'e weft- 
 wardi Atnodn^ we obferved inilat. 21 deg. 12 miii. 
 long. 1 20 deg. 2$ min. In the courfe of this day^, we 
 faw mai>y tropic birds,and a flock of ducks i alfo pot» 
 poifes and dolphins ; and continued to pafs many pu^ 
 mice IVonds. We (pent the night on o«r tacks ; and 
 ^m the 27rti, at fix o'clock A. Mi we again made fail to 
 the W^ in featch of the Balhee Ifles. On the 28ih, at 
 four o'clock, A. M. we had fight of the ifland of Prata. 
 At noon, our kit. was 20 deg. 39 min. long^ tt6 deg. 
 '4S ntin. The extent of tiw Prau ihoal ik eonOder. 
 -aWet fbr it is about 6 league»from N. to S.«nd extendi 
 14 leagues to the E. of the ifland: its limitt to the 
 iwsftwanj, we had not ar» opportunity of afceltainii^. 
 We ciwricd a prefs of iail diiring the renuinder of 
 ,the day,. and kept the windv which now bUwfrom 
 the N. £. by N. ih oxdcr 'to 4ccurc our p«i&ge to 
 Macao."' .:, '-.'■'■■ t ■ ■ ■ ■. r i 
 
 ' On Monday, the 39tK;in the'naorning, w* paflTed 
 ifomic Chimfe fiilhii^-txMta, the cik«w« of whi^h eyed ua 
 iiHth marks of great indifl^rence; At nooniiour lat. by 
 iibfervatwn, was 22 deg. 1 min. and, finc»the preceding 
 noon, we had tun 1 10 miles upon a N. W. couiie: On 
 ithei3oehr in tite mommg, we ran along the iienu Ifla. 
 'M»htch,'1ike.'the other iflands fituated on this coaft, tie 
 .dtftituae'-*^ woody imd, bs ht as we had an c^ipertanity 
 fff''Johficrvingi devoid^olF cultivationJ We now fired<'« 
 imd, 'and difplaycd our colotirs, as a figflal for a pitot. 
 OntHe'repetitiort^f^th^figniil, there was an exc«i|«(lt 
 face between Iqur Ghinefe boatti and CaMin Qoib 
 «M»ed<Widi the perfoirirfatfrarrivMliirflL^ omikA 
 4MnEi«<Q<he!T^;ifoi>tbefiim<rf 3d doUar^CeirilAk 
 <«M««f!MKtiiir«MM^iA»toiGtotaki->lQi^WtiNK.|«i'h« 
 cMld ^M%<!$9ll*ir! with ithrOflcdvify, that eipente 
 Mght kfrOMMi lplriii.i»<]n;i flMM time aliiei^rih « 
 fcortd'piMr gottm boatdtaaiiitin i w i eJHatciy h^ilirhoUl 
 tif HvetuNtal, beg^nio onlni theihii»tt<i be tiilMMil. 
 •ttite-gK^; t)fete^ite|«nl «ltett3Mibib which>waa at 
 
 I length 
 
 
li 
 
 • 
 
 644 
 
 Gipt. C O O K'si ¥j OlV A.';G.E.8 IC O M.P L B T E. 
 
 » "I 
 
 [■ 
 
 I 
 
 .(;.. 
 
 
 V. I 
 
 ■'* W 
 
 length coiiiproiiiirod, by agitcirtg to divide the money 
 betw«ci>thcin. In obedience to the inllrudliMi Cram 
 the Lords of the Adminlty, U now btcaoM neceflafye* 
 dcnmnd of the ofllccn aiid m«ii belauitM 10 both 
 fhips, their ^oumali. and whm other pfm ihey might 
 have in their poflctRon. relative todieliifloiy of tM 
 voyage. At the fame time Captain King gave the Dtl^ 
 covery't people to underdand, that whatever paper* 
 thejr wiflied flwiuld mx be fent to the Lonla of the Adf 
 tnicMlythe would feal up in their prefencc, and prcrervc 
 in hit cuftody till the intentions of their LoidlkiptL re^ 
 fpcdling the publication of the hiftory of the vovagc, 
 were accompfilhcd, after which, he faid they (houid M 
 faithfully reltored to them. The Capuin obfervei upon 
 thii occaAon, that it it but doing juiiice to hia company 
 to declare, that, at to the crew, uiey were the bel^ dii- 
 pofed. and the mod obedient men he ovtr linear* though 
 the sreateft part of them were very young,!aad had ne 
 vcr lerved before in a fhip of war. The fame propo- 
 (all were made to the people of the Keiblution, and in- 
 ftantly complied with. 
 
 We continued working to windward, by the diredion 
 pf our pilot, till about fix o'clock P. M. when we let go 
 our anchora, he being of opinion, that the tide waa now 
 fetting againft ut. During the afternoon, we Hood on our 
 tacid, between the Grand Ladrone ajtd the ifland of 
 Powe. having pafled to the call of the htter. At nine 
 o'clock we agamcaft anchor in fix fathoms water r the 
 town of Macao being at the diibince of 9 or i o milca, in 
 « N. W. diretftion; and the iiland of roioe bearing S. 
 half W. feven miles diftant. 
 
 On the 2d of December, in the morning, one of the 
 Chinefe contradors, called Compradon, came on board, 
 and Ibid u« at much beef as weighal 200 weight, toge- 
 ther with a confiderable quantity of greens, oranges, 
 and eggs. In the evening Captain Gore fent Mr. King 
 on (horc to vifit the Poriuguefe Governor, and tu re*- 
 epieft hit afliftance in procuring rctreihmcnts, which he 
 Uiought might be done on more rcafonablcv tcnns than 
 the Comprador would undertake to furnilh them : with 
 whom we had asreed for a daily fupply; for which, 
 however, he infilbd on our paying him before-haod- 
 Upon Mr. King't arrival at the citadel, the Fort-Maior 
 informed him that the governor wat lick, and not able 
 to fee company. Having acouaintcd the Major with hit 
 defire of tvoceeding immcoiately to Canton, the for- 
 mer told him, that they could not prefume to provide 
 a boat, till permiflion had been obuincd from the 
 Hoppo^ or officer of the cuftoms ; and that it wat ne- 
 ccflary to apply, for this purpofe. to the Chinefe govern- 
 ment at Canton. When the Captain wat returning, the 
 Portuguefe officer aileed him, if he did not mean to 
 vifit tM Englifli gcwlemen at Macao? Thit queftion 
 
 Save him inexpreffiUe plaifure. He proceeded imme- 
 lately to the houfc of one of hit countrymenj fh)m 
 whom he received information of the French' war,flmd 
 of the continuance of the American war; and that five 
 fiiil of EngUlh (hipt were now at Wampu, near Cantolt, 
 in China< The intelligence we had gained concerning 
 the fUte of affiiirt in Europe, rendeied us the more 
 anxioua to accekmte our departure At much at we pof. 
 fibly coukl. The lirft thii^ that claimed the attentton 
 of uic Commodore, was to provide as well at he could 
 for the general fafety of the people under his connroaiid, 
 on their return home. The liewt of a French war, witlw 
 out, letting ut know the order iiTued by the King of 
 France in our iavour, gave us much concern. Our 
 ihipa were ill fitted for war : the decks, fote and afi, 
 i)ting fimlhed flufh, had n<^ covering for aicn M oflU 
 eers ; it was therefore thought neceflanr to rai(e a kind 
 otfpatapet, mulquet-proof, on both' decks; and Wtcwifr 
 to.drdjglbcs the cabint as miichaa poflible in cafe «f^ 
 A^i^oilb Oty iTh«dciay, the .9^1^ we received an anTwar 
 fiM» the Englifli fitpenaigDM atjQmtitti.M wbioh | 
 j:hef piwm^td eMic thdr maA iftniniNiH endc|MM0 
 in^procuriitg the fuppHet bf jlrhich «t irete in waait 
 wiihali pofltblt diipatchi and »hat.« pdljiort Umii 
 be feni for one of omti ofiken. Friday, tfatfiioth, aa 
 EigUBi merchant, from ont of our <Eail-Imlian ktth' 
 jacnUi made applicattoo to Ci^iiainGore hr the afflft* 
 
 •■•''»•'■*• "f h»« pwple. to navigate at far at Can- 
 l ga,>iKBM w hich he had purchaled at Macao. I'he 
 VodHMMM caafldniag <hit at a good opportunity for 
 GapMMliig MntMir to that diy* gave oraers, that he 
 iMidd lake wWl him his ftcond lieutenant, the licute. 
 iWliff Ika MriaHtaod lofiijiort. Accordingly, they 
 4uilMtiMharhaM» of Macao, on Saturday, the nth 1 
 and as they approached the BoccaTygrU. which is near 
 40 milca idiftanf,fiamMa9Mk the coafl of China ap- 
 pmrMl to thcfeaftward in White fleepcUffl. Their pro- 
 greA being retarded by contnuy winds, and the lightneft 
 oCth«vclicl,itbcydid not arrive atWampu. which is only 
 nine leagoet from the Bocca Tygrii, till Siturday, the 
 1 8th. Wampu it a fmail town, off which the lliips of 
 varioua aation^ who trade with the Chincl'c, are iia- 
 "oft«d. in order to receive their refpctUi vc ladings. At 
 Wmi^hi, Captain King embarked in a Sampanc, or 
 Chinefe boat, the moff convenient for paflcngers that 
 we ever faw i and in the evening We reached Canton, 
 and difembarked at the Englifh Fadory. where the Cap- 
 tain was received with every mark of civility and re- 
 fpect. Mcffrs. Fiuhuoh. Bevan, and Kapicr. compo- 
 led, at this time, the Seicit Committee 1 and the tor. 
 mer ol thcle gcadcmvn acted as prelidcnt. They im- 
 niKdiatf ly gave the Captain an inventory of thofc Horcs 
 with which the Kaa-India Ihipt were able to fupply • 
 utt and he had the plcafurc to hnd, that chey were ready 
 to bit Ihippcd, and that, the provifions we might havq 
 ocollioQt itt might be had at a day's notice. Iking dth 
 liraut ot making our (lay here as Ihort at podiblc, the 
 Capuin requcl^dt that, the gentlemen would cndca. 
 vour to procure junks for u»thc next day: but wc were 
 foon convinced by them, that patience i» an indifpcn- 
 fable virtue in China. Alter the Captain had waited 
 feycml days for the idlie of his negociation with the 
 Chinefe, and wat confidering what itepahc Ihould take, 
 the comtnaader of a country fhip presented him with 
 a letter from Captain Gore, whereby he was informed 
 of tliat Commander being engaged to bring our party 
 from Canton, and to deliver our Aipplies, at his own 
 hazard, in the Typa. All difficulties being thus re- 
 moved. Captain King had leifure to bcftow lon>c atten- 
 tion on thepurchafeol our ftoreaand provifions, which 
 he completed on Sunday, the 26th, and, on the follow- 
 ing day, the whole ilock was conveyed on board. At 
 Canton Hrat likely to be the mod advantageous market 
 for furs, the CommodcMC had defircd Captain King to 
 take with him alMut 20 ikint of fea-ottcrs ; molt of 
 which had been the property of our deceaied Com- 
 roandertrand to difpoft of them at the belt price he 
 could obtain. The Englilh fupcrcargoet being informed 
 of thefe circumAanccs, they dire&cd him to a member 
 of the tlons (a focictv of the principal merchants of the 
 city) who being fu(ly,i|ppriied of the nature of the 
 iMiutoefti fccmed to be wnfible of the delicacy of the 
 Captain't fituation, and therefore aiTured hun, that, in 
 an a£9ur of thin kind, he iheuM conlider himfelf at 
 a mere agent, without iceking any profit for himlclf. 
 The fliiat being laul before thit merchant, he examined 
 them over and ovec again with porticuhv attention.; 
 and at la<l informed Ctpwin King, th)it he could not 
 think of offering mote aim joa dollan^ for them. As 
 the Capcain knew lie bad inot offered one half of their 
 value, he, therefore, in hit turn, demanded 1 000 dollars; 
 the Chi^fe merchant then advanced to five, and, at 
 lei^gtiitOTOOdollarti upon which the Captain lowered 
 his demaods 10 90Q. Here, each of ihem declaring that 
 he WOiM not recede, they parted t but the Chinefe fpecr 
 dUy (tetumed, and prapofra finally, that they Ihould di- 
 vkk the diSimocc. vnich the Captain agreed to, aivl 
 .received Soodolhin. The fubfequent remarks, rela- 
 live tv Canton, were colleAed by Captain King, from 
 ^ iHMlliyarc whkh^ received from feveral £ngiifii 
 whn had refided a kmg tiine near that 
 
 tUf. ■■ ■ ■.■,jt''i . ■, 
 
 ( .GHWHb eOMMlU'V ^hc old tmd new town, with the 
 Mnubtt ifiifimt 10 miles in circumference. The num- 
 ber of itt kahabitanu, as near at can be computed, may 
 bo fMm 10019 i|o,ooo. Excluliveof whom there are 
 40,009 wh».refidei«m(tamly in fiorgesi. called Sampa-* 
 
 res. 
 
I far M Can- 
 lacao. I'he 
 portunity for 
 nlen, that he 
 I, the lieuta- 
 wdingly, they 
 ay, the iithi 
 which is near 
 »f China ap- 
 I. Their pro- 
 Ithclightnef* 
 which is only 
 Mturday, the 
 h the Ihipi of 
 nci'e, arc lla- 
 lading*. Ac 
 Satnpanc, or 
 iflcngcra that 
 ;hc(l Canton, 
 here the Cap- 
 /ility and ic- 
 picr, compo- 
 anU the tor- 
 . They im- 
 >r thofc (lores 
 ble to fupply ■ 
 cy were ready 
 e might have 
 :. Iking dch 
 I polIiblL-, the 
 vyould cndk:a- 
 
 but v,c were 
 i an indifpcn- 
 n had wait(;d 
 ion with the 
 c (houUl take, 
 ;ed him with 
 was informcdi 
 ing our party 
 s, at his own 
 cing thus rc- 
 w ioirc attcn-' 
 vifions, which 
 an the folloW- 
 >n board. As 
 agcuus market 
 iptain King to 
 tcrss molt n( 
 eceaied Com* 
 
 bell price he 
 teing informed 
 n to a member 
 erchants of the 
 nature of the 
 iclicacy of ttue 
 I hmi, that, in 
 der himfelf aa 
 lit for himfelf. 
 t, he examined 
 uhur attention.; 
 tt he could noc 
 for them. Aa 
 nc half of their 
 d I ooo dollars; 
 
 five, and, at 
 laptain lowered 
 
 1 declaring that 
 e Chinefe fpecr 
 they (hould di- 
 agrecd to, and 
 remarks, rela- 
 lin King, from 
 fcvcral Mnglifh 
 ime near that 
 
 town, with the 
 ;nce. The num- 
 computed, may 
 whom there are 
 called Sampa-f 
 res. 
 
 
 ) 
 
 I* 
 
 • 
 
 Xrfermrr* . 
 
 CX'thintU. 
 m tisuUtiKiMtmttaftiirmt onr tmr\f 
 
 r"^" )'""■': I ^ 
 
 A^ 
 
H' 
 
 a \ 
 
 (' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 < 
 
 I mi II— iiio^i aMMwiMMi 
 
 • I 
 
 M 
 
 
 I Hi 
 ■ III 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— lo ela i'At IKIC OCiiAN, A.. 
 
 64i 
 
 
 1 
 
 ict, or floating-houfai upon the river. They ttt moored 
 in rowi clofe » each other, with a narrow pafTiRr, at 
 intervali, for the boati to pafi up and down the river.' 
 
 The ftreeti of thia city are long, narrow, and di-(t it ut c 
 of uniformity. They art well paved with large Owa, 
 and, injRneral, kepi extremely clean. The Roiifci are 
 built of^rick, and are only one ftory high. They have, 
 for the moft part, two or three coiirtt bsick wards, in 
 which are ercdtcd the warehoufrs for the reception ot 
 merchandize i and, in the houfei within the city, are 
 rtic apartmcnti for the femah-i. Some of the mranft 
 fort of people, though very few^ have their habitHtlorts 
 cumpoied of wood. 
 
 Thofc that belong to the European ft(flors, are built 
 on a fine quay, having a regular facndc of two ftnriei 
 toward* the river. They are conftruiflcd, with reCpcdt 
 to rhe infide, partly after the Chincfe, and partly alter 
 the European mode. Adjoining to them are a confl- 
 derable number of houfrs which belong to th^ ChineTet 
 and are let out by them t<» the commaodcn of veflela, 
 and to merchanti, who make only an occafional (lay. 
 As no European is permittetl to tnkc his wife with him 
 to Canton, the Englifh fupcrcargocs live rrtarether at 
 one common table, which is maintained by rne Cbnn'- 
 pany, and each of them has alfo nn aprtmeht appro- 
 priated to himfelf, confiftfng of three or four rooms. 
 The period of their relidcncc rarely exceeds tight 
 months in a year i and as, during that time, they arc 
 almoft conllantly employed in the fervice of the Com- 
 pany, they may fubmit, with the lefs unealincfs, to the 
 reftridHons unaer which they live. They firldom make 
 an/ vifits within the walls of Canton, except on public 
 occafions. Nothing contributed more to give Captain 
 King an unfavourable opinion of the Chinefe, than his 
 iindmg that feveral of them who had rcHdcd in that 
 country for near 1 5 fticceffjve years, had never formed 
 any focial conncdlion or fricndflitp. When thki laft ^ip 
 departs from Wampu, they ate 'all under th(i necefHty 
 of retiring to Macao( but they leave behind them all the 
 money they poflefs in f()ecie, which, Mr. Kitf" was in- 
 formed, fometimes amounts to 1 00,000 1. IVerling, and 
 for which they have no other fecurity than the (cajs of 
 the Viceroy, the Mandarines, and the iiierchantsofthc 
 Hong: a (Iriking pfoof of thc,excelJcnt pdlit^e main- 
 tained in Chin*. ■ t '."7 
 
 During oirr cohtinuanfe at Carfron, M^. Kirtgat- 
 conwanicd one of the Englilh gentlemen on a vific to ^ 
 perlon of the firft di(lin(fliori in the place. They were re- 
 'ceiv<;d in a long rtJbifi or gallei'y, at the further er^d'pf 
 ^h>ch a tabic was 'placed, with a large cK'air'belfind'K, 
 knd a row of chaffs extending fro"rn it, on Gjoth fldts, 
 down the room. The capfain having been bfev'i'oufly 
 inftru^Ud, that the point of pdlitchers confined in re- 
 maining unfcatcd as long afpoTTible, readily Tubhiitted 
 to this piece of eti(]uctt(^ ; after which he ai^d his friend 
 were treated with tea, andfome Trilli and prcfervpd 
 fruits. Their eficeitainer was very corpulent,' had tfidull 
 heavy countenance, and difplayed great gravity in his 
 deportment, tic had learned toTpc'ak a little broken 
 EngljAi and Portugueze. After his two guefts had taken 
 their fefreflimcnt, nc cdndiicled them about his NoiiK 
 and garden; and when he had (hewn them al{ Ct^eim- 
 proVfi^'enrs he was making, they took' their Ibilvfr.' ' 
 
 ToeCa^t^aifi being dcfirdus of avolditig the trbiibj 
 and ciclay that' mignt attcAd an applicatioii tot p^\ 
 ports, as w'tU as of favmg thcunhccclFary cxpcncc 1 
 hiriffga /attipa'he, whii:K lic'waJ inTorihcdamounYcd^li^ 
 ieaft.W 1 2 pounds ftciliT^g, "had hithcrto'dcfigncdttiW 
 aloAj^.\^iththc fui^lfes to Macfao.ln fhc "country .iiii^ 
 chafat'ifhip w<f mentioned bcfoPe : "but tecf^fUnitHii^i 
 
 vitation from two Engtifli gentleiiien, \VhohaJ'' 
 means to procure paflTports tor four, he accepted, toge- 
 ther with Mr. Phillips, their orter of places in a Chinefe 
 boat, and intrufted Mr. Lannyon with the fupcrin- 
 tendance of the men and flores,' which were to fail the 
 following day. 
 
 ^- On^iwnday, the 26th, in the evening, Captain Kine 
 
 took his leave of the fupercai;goe.s after having returned 
 
 them thanks for their many fiivours; among wnich muft 
 
 be mentioned a yrefcnt of a confidcrable quaucity of 
 
 No. 79. 
 
 
 tea, for the ufl' ot the companies of both IIiIm, and 1 
 copious < otlediion of Englilli pcriixiu al publiratiunt'. 
 The latter proved a valuable Htqitiliiion to ui, as the/ 
 not only lerved to beguile our impatience, in thej)rofc- 
 riiiion of our tedioui voyage hutneM.iriU, but alio cnai 
 bled us to rer\trn not wholly unacquainted with what 
 had been tranfai^ting in our native tounity duiirtg our 
 abicncc. On the i7th, at one o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, Mefl'rs King and Phillip*, and: the two Endith 
 geiulemrn, quitted Cantsn, *jrid, about the fame hour 
 of the fucceedmg day, arriveil at Mac^o, having palfed 
 down a chatinel tituatrd to the wefl^t'thut by Mhtch 
 wc had come up. / . , 
 
 In the abCenrc of onr party frotVi Macao, a biiC traf- 
 fic hod beci« carrying on with the Chuicfe lor our lica- 
 otter-lkint, the value of which had augmented every 
 day. One of our failors difpofed of his l^ock, alone, 
 for 800 dollars » and a lihv ot the IkD (kins, which were 
 clean, and had been carefully preferved, pi^lucedl 120 
 dollars each. The total amount of the value, in goodt 
 and calh, that was obtained tor the furs of both out 
 veinis, we arc contidcnt was not lefs than a.oool. ftcr« 
 ling) and it was the general opinion, that at leaft iwo^ 
 thirds of the quantity we had orrginal'y procured from 
 the Americans, were by this timt fpoiled'and worn our, 
 or had been beftowed as prcfcnt*; and others^ife dif- 
 pofed of in Kamtfchatka. If, in addition tO thefe fa<Sf, 
 wc conftder. that we«t flrft colledt*d the l\ir» without 
 having juft ideas of their real value 1 that moft of theirt 
 had been *fOrn by the favapes from whoHi we purchafed 
 khem ; that little regard was afbprward* Ihewn to their 
 prefervatinn; that tnc-y were frcclrtemly ttiade iife of a» 
 bed-cluthes, and llkewifc far other pii't^res, during 
 our crmfe to the northward ; and that, in all probabi- 
 lity, we never received the full value for them in C^inai 
 the benefits that might accrue ♦"rom a vovsgi to 'that 
 part of the Ametican toaft v\hefr wc obtained them, 
 undertaken with comkncrcial views, will ccruinly ap- 
 pear of futneient impbrtancc to clairh the public atten.: 
 tion. ' So great was the rage with 'whjch our fcamth 
 were' potTcired to return to Cdok's River, and theri 
 
 Erocure another cargo of fkms, by which they might 
 E <nabfe(f to make their foituncs, that, at out time, 
 they wet^ i^lttioft oh the pqint of firocteding to a mu- 
 tiny. And 'Captain King acknowledges, thwt he could 
 not rcfhtlh from indulging himfelf in a ^rojeft, which 
 was firft fuggcfted to him by the difappqmtmcnt we 
 had nict with ip beihg compelled to leave the Ja. 
 panefc Archipitlago', af well ^ the northern coalt of 
 China, ^netplb^W ["and hcisof opinion, that this ob- 
 jctSinay ftiil bfe lUpbilv attained, by means of our Eaft- 
 Ihdia Cof^pany, not'only with trifling expencc, but even 
 With the pr6fpc(ft of very beneficial contiquertces. The 
 HiVifqf 9m\Ti »t hinnc, or perhajis greate-r ditficultiei 
 IH *f he accothfilKhmcnt of his plan th.'m he had forcfeen, 
 haye hitherto prevented its, being ciirried into execu- 
 
 E'j' but, as rjjii fchiimc fcems ' to be' well contrived, 
 t«a»e^ Will not' 'be Uifpleaflifd with 'out' infertrnr it 
 ..I ■•'■ ■■• '■'■'■' ■■ ' ; T" " ■ •' ■■ ■ ■"' ■ 
 
 in thi firft platc.CaptaJn KinEpropQfi»,'i!hat the Ea(K 
 ^ ia Company'a Chinit ihipi^ihoiild,);d(:h, carry anad.> 
 
 aJtUWjl.hufilbcr 6f men, hi^Wrik' too iii t^c T^hojc' Twd 
 mt^, meTftf'tbd'iatii.'khd 'the other bf'j'co' tnight. 
 
 muf pt%f ' tiM(;^ym Mt:. i^m^isfmemf be 
 
 ptffchifea' ii(^tHmW. ifs'vitain^ii' ii dheap 
 there as in Eurqd^, he'liai caltulatiedjfhat thty murht 
 Wfp%!it^ eqiifej&aVir fei.ivftl?o(W,yta*'s br^i- 
 fidU'aM Dky. fci'& (Uit»'bf,6,odq1;-3fla&Jln^ the 
 mMai' m£'^Mtii:c of fhc 'ttdjiflft attlcIS for 
 
 • 'ti^jKn'ltf^^arWcitfi'iflV-hfcbtS^ 
 the fliips ihould have a forge, five tons of unwroughc 
 iron, and a (kilful fmith, with an apprentice and jour.> 
 neyman, who might occationally make fuch tools, as 
 the Indians (liould appear to have the grcateft inclina- 
 tion for pofleiring. For, though half a dozen of the 
 fined flcins, obtained by us, were purchafed with twelve 
 I'l'gc green glafs beads, yet it is very certain, that the 
 fancy of thefe people, for omamoual articles, is ex« 
 tremely capricious and variable; and that the only fure 
 i A comm*.< 
 
646 
 
 Capu COOK'S VOYAGB8 COMPl^ETE, 
 
 <•■ i 
 
 liy' ' 
 
 rntnnuxlitv for thrlr market ii iron. To ihU might 
 br tddcil (evcral balei of coarfe woollen cloth, two o( 
 three harri'U of ^\th and copper trinkrti, and a few 
 urofi of Urge pointed cafc-knivc*. Ik then prupufct, 
 that twovemli, not only for the greater fccuriiy uf the 
 Voyage, btit bccaufe (ingle (hip* tm^ht never, in hii npi* 
 nion, to be fent out for the pur|)otc uf difcovcry. lor 
 where rifqiici are frequently to he run, and unccriam 
 Ind danucrmii expcriincntsiried, it can by no mean* be 
 rxpetled that lir^lc <hipa diould venture fu far, aa 
 Where fume iecurity i* provided againll an unfortunate 
 •ctldcnt. When the liiip* arc prepared for fca. they 
 will fail with the firll S. W. monumn, which ufuallv 
 feti in about the commencement uf the month of April. 
 They will ftcer a mirthward rnurfe, with thii wind, 
 tlong the Chinefe coaO, bcn^inning to make a more ac- 
 curate furvey from the inouih of the Nankin river, or 
 Ihc river KyaiMt in the ;)u(h dcgrct of latitude, which 
 k iupuolcd to be the rcinoirll lintit of thi* coaA hitherto 
 vifiteo by £jirupcan velTcU. The extent of the great 
 l^iph called Whang May, <ir the Yellow Sea, being at 
 prelient unknown, it may be left to the Commanocr'i 
 difcietion, to proceed up it ai iar a« he may think pro- 
 per 1 he mult be cautious, however, not to entangle 
 nimfclf in it too far, Uft he (hould not have fuflkicni 
 time kft for the profecution of the remainder of hli 
 voyage, 'ilie fame difcretion may lie ufcd, when he 
 hat reached the ftraita of TeHbi, with regard to the 
 iflanda of Jcfo, which, if the wind and weather fliould 
 be favourable, he mull not ncvlei^k to explore. KUviiig 
 arrived in the latitude of 5 1 (Kg 40 min, where he will | 
 make the moK fouthcrly (Niint of the ide of Sagaleen, 
 beyond which we have a confiderable knowledge of the 
 fca of Okotlk, he will (leer towardi the S. probably 
 about the beginning of June, and exert hit endeavours 
 to Ml in with the nwft fouthcrn of the Kurile iflandi. 
 If the accounti of the Kulliant mav be depended <m, 
 iOoroop, or Nadcfchda, will furnifli the fliips with a 
 iommudious harbour, where they may recruit their 
 wood and water, and provide theinfelvea with fuch re- 
 frcAimcnti at the dace mny atlord. Near the end of 
 June the commander wiildirci^t hiicourfe to the Shum- 
 uiagini, whence he will proceed to Cook'a, River, pur- 
 chalmKi in hii progrcfi, as many tkint u pofTible, with- 
 out loung loo muck time, (met he ouf^t to £h1 agiun 
 to the fouthward, and trace the coiift with the. utmolV ac- 
 curacy between the 56th and 50th degree* of latitude, 
 the fpKC where contrary winda drove ui oik of fight of 
 Ian '. . We think it proper to obfervc here, that Captain 
 King confiderl the purchaic of Ikini, ia thia expedition, 
 aa a fcfftMidary concern, for defraying the ej^pencei 
 and, from our experience in the jNtfcnt voyage, there 
 is no rcafon to doubt that 350 (kiiu, each worth 100 
 dollars, may be obtained without loTs of timet parti> 
 cularly as they will, in all probability, be met with^loiw 
 the coaft to the S, of Cook's River. , , ,.ii 
 
 The conunander jof this expedition, after havJIM 
 ipontinucd about three months oa the American <^oa£ 
 will iiet out on his return to China in the former (Mr^ of 
 (Xtober, taking,care, in his route^ to avoid, as imich aa 
 {wfTiblcthc tracks of preceaing navigators. All that 
 leimins to be added on thia fiibjed, is. that if {the fur 
 trade flwuld became an ijitabliihet) db}t/ik.f^( Indian 
 ccimmerce, m»"y opoortunjiiies will o<;cMf of cqpjpleiing 
 whi^tever may hsve «ccn lef^ |»p5niihcd, in the vojragc 
 9f which the outline^ are here delineated. , 
 
 During our ab&nee, a veryludicnHn alt«nUon took 
 place in uwdrefsof aU «ur crew^in copfec^uence of the 
 barter wWch iIk Qiipefc had u^picdpn vnth us for pur 
 fea-oaer Ikins. ' Oii our arriy^ inlftit Ty^ia* not oi»ly 
 ^e,f»j^fc*H;,ff!tf^^^,#'>!owg«r ^mmf.^ff^j*- 
 
 tr. ,i -v.i H-nl »jfflirivHafid!'5-r.« '3r!J^i!•f#^(^■ 
 ..l5rt u. i 'hirjfj; "}KiW»i-l i'i-"i'>Vjq^Mf''^<f> ir"-;,'/!!! ■ ••! 
 
 •313 si ,«'>!■•). rti»- 1 fUiiwn MHO iW .-ilkjf^^ff yiy/'I'v'.-'iV?'? 
 •■iijl • -no - '.'jitiKns ; sftisiscv Bn»4j;\o'n^ibl*>j«tt6'J^ 
 -uirtri'UJ ■ ••'• ' ■■• "■' ■■ h ■■%■ ■ --'H 
 
 trvmcly rsgucd in their apparel 1 fur, aa the voyage had 
 now eaccc<lcd, alinutk by a year, the time it wa« at lirit 
 Ibppofed wc Ihnuld kuniinuc at fea, the far greater i)»rt 
 ul uiir origmal ftiick ol L'iiiroprancloi^io lud been liwi^; 
 ago wornout.or rrpaitnl and patfhcd up with (kino*, 
 and thedlflercttt itumuLictures wc liuj met uiih in the 
 cnurfc of the expedition, 'rhefe were n«w iiuxr4 »n4 
 eked out with the gaytft Ulks and euttona that China 
 could produce. 
 
 On the joth, being Friday. Mr. Lannyon yrivrJ 
 «ith the floret and proviflons, which, without delay, 
 were flowed in due proportion on board hcnh the flupn. 
 While In the Typa, Captain King was fliewn, in the 
 garden of an Knglilti gentleman, at Macao, the rex k, 
 under which, according to traditional accounts, (.'a- 
 moeni, the celebrated ntrtugucfepnet, wjiaccuftomcd 
 to (it and compnfe hit Lufuid. It it an arch of conli. 
 dcrable height, confifling of one folid (lone, and Ibriiv 
 ing the cntrunic of a grotto dug nut af the elevated 
 ground bchiiui t. l-atgc fprcading irrct ovcttliadow 
 the rock, which lumiiiamlt a beautiful and extenrwc 
 urof|)cAof the lea, and the illamU difiH-rfcd about k. 
 During our continuance in the iypa, we heard nothing 
 with rcfpeitt to the mcaftirement Df the (hiptt we may 
 therefore rcafonably conclude, that the point fo II rongly 
 contelled, in Conuno<lorc Anfon'i liinc, by tlie C'hinciii, 
 has, in confequence of hia firmncft and refolution, ne- 
 ver lince been infilled on. By the obfcrvationt inade 
 while our velPcIt lay here, the harbour of Macao itfltu- 
 ated in the lat. of ai deg. 1 1 ,nun. N. and the long, of 
 111 deg. 47 min. E. our onchoiing place, in the 'lypa. 
 in Tat. 33 deg. 9 min. solcc. long. 1 1 3 deg. 48 min. 34 
 fee. R. It wat high water in the IVpa, on the full and 
 change dayt. at a quarter after nvc o'clock » and in 
 the harbour of Macao, at 50 minutes im(1 live : the 
 greatefl rife was fix feet one inch. We Oiall conclude 
 ihcfe renMrks.and thiichapwr, with the prices of labour, 
 and a few articles of provirioat in China. 
 
 Phicu of Labour and Proviuon» at 
 
 A Coolee.orPorter ----00 
 
 A Taylor -------00 
 
 A Handicraftfman .--.00 
 A common Labourer from 3d. to cd. per 
 A Woman's labour confiderably cheaper. 
 
 £. S. 
 Butter --------o 
 
 Boef o 
 
 Calf - - I 
 
 Ducks -,..-----»o 
 
 Ditto, wild - .----- o 
 
 Eggs -•----• --o 
 
 Frogs .--•---. o 
 
 Fowls, Capons, &c. 
 
 Gccfe - - - . 
 
 Ham -, I- - • 
 
 Hog, alive • - 
 
 KidTditto - • 
 
 Milk . - . - 
 
 Pork - . - - 
 
 P« -;•,.- 
 Phea(ant» ,:i>i 
 
 Partridges •, 
 
 Pigeons - - 
 
 Rabbiu - - 
 
 Sheep - • 
 
 Spices - - 
 
 % - ■ . 
 Samfui ditto 
 
 jTurtle . • 
 
 .. -7-1 
 
 *! I* •".'li * 
 
 a;*: /f.i) T'li • 
 
 - o 
 
 - o 
 
 • o 
 
 - o 
 
 - o 
 
 - o 
 
 - o 
 
 - o 
 
 - o 
 , • o 
 
 • o 
 
 - o 
 
 - 3 
 
 • o 
 
 • 
 
 • o 
 
 • o 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 o 
 I 
 6 
 16 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 canYon» 
 
 D. 
 
 8 Per Day 
 
 J and rice 
 
 8 ditto 
 day. 
 
 D. 
 
 4«Per Catty 
 
 H or iSox. 
 
 9 i each 
 
 5 1 PcrCatty 
 o 4 each 
 o Per 100 
 6 'Per Catty 
 71 ditto 
 61 ditto . 
 3 1 ditto 
 41 ditto 
 4^ ditto 
 1 1 ditto J 
 71 ditto 
 
 9f dw '■ 
 ji dilito , 
 4 ditto ,; 
 8 ditto ; 
 8 PerCottf 
 1 1 ditto .1 
 i\ ditto 
 9f ditto ] 
 
 L.rii 
 
 -J! 1 •, 
 
 .1, ;^.,|V iJii'j),rU 
 
 f?i)fii :• :>f^^\l..ai^%<^>f^U^. i| WMU-iU ...liJi;:<'..iiu 
 
I he voy«({c \\Mi 
 If It was at I'irtt 
 Ut greater imt 
 » luj bi'cn ioni', 
 
 up Miih (kifui 
 net uiih in the 
 n»w inixciland 
 una that Chmn 
 
 tnityon vrivfj 
 
 withotic Jvlay, 
 
 h(Kh the fliipi. 
 
 (hewn, in the 
 «iao, the rex k, 
 account*, C'*- 
 *4i accuftonicit 
 arch uf conli. 
 one, anJ tbriiv 
 af the ekvuaJ 
 cei overfliatlow 
 
 and extcnfwc 
 
 KtM abutit k. 
 
 : heard nothing 
 
 <hipi| we may 
 
 lointlbllron^ly 
 
 by theChinciit, 
 
 rrfohiiian, ne- 
 
 crvationi inaJr 
 
 f Macao in ficu- 
 
 nd the long, of 
 
 e, in the 'lypa, 
 
 drg. 48 min. 34 
 
 on the full and 
 
 D'clock; and in 
 
 I i)a(\ five: the 
 
 e lliall conclude 
 
 price* uf labour, 
 
 M. 
 
 at CANtON» 
 
 \S. D. 
 
 8 Per Day 
 
 9 5 uid rice 
 
 o 8 ditto 
 
 xr day. 
 
 er. 
 
 £>. 
 
 44PrrCatt)r 
 
 34 on 8 ox. 
 
 9 \ cwK 
 
 5 4 IVrCattf 
 04 each 
 
 Per 100 
 
 6 • Per Catty 
 71 ditto 
 6t ditto , 
 3) ditto 
 41 ditto 
 4^ ditto 
 
 1 \ ditto 
 7f ditto 
 
 4 «gh , 
 
 51 dilfto . 
 4 ditt9 ; 
 8 ditto ; 
 8 PerCnttf 
 1 4 ditto 
 
 3 1 ditito 
 9f ditto 
 
 .i.l 
 
 .1 (.1.. i 
 
 'JUj 
 
 1 iibmjil'rpm "liS 
 
 COOR* THIRD <nd LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fcc. 
 
 *47 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 Tm wmimi kbufiiiglt Ibt R/filmhn mikt iff with ibf/itM^rrJ culitr~-t\fei\/HlfJlalt «/" iht tmjt>ipi—7hfy unmttr 
 and IftK* Ih* fff0^-^rjtri «/ Ibf hrentb Court relnlivf h Cap/din Ceek—Piffs PhIo SaMira, and author in lh( baihour 
 V" Pull) Cuii»rt—frM\f«fli<ini, «nd mtiJi-iH dttrtng tttrlhy-'A MMdarmt Vffiti iht /bipt'^lii/ormaim ri-iriird from 
 
 him Rffirtntt fi>r iht dtftriplm of Pulo Gindort, andtihn ijimidi It iht tirjl tnd frcnnd llijhnn of CapUtiH Cotk'i 
 
 yniiigti — Prr/tnli hlbt Mandarin, and iht ii/heptf Adran—^flronmital and nauliittl»t/trviUi»ns—l\purlHrt '/ iht 
 k'foluiion and Di/tntry from Pulo Condoft—Enltr iht 0raili of Ranca — Dtftriptmnof iW country ihtii hr<Uii ihtrtoH'- 
 Unttr ibtftraitt «/ Sunda—Mr. Ihllianf/bn ftnt on board ti DulihfliipioprttHre inUllintnct^-Tbt luo Jiipi anchor at 
 Craealta—That ifiand d/f(riM--Protttd to Princti IJIand—Unhtallhjf ^tlli of iht tlwuiit of Jmj>i—4 fmldtH 
 
 \tntl thft-mm Anchor in Simm't Bay-~Av{/il to lift tovtrnor—An account af I'lil/t Bay, 
 Ximm'j Bay, Noah'i Ark, and StiU Ifland — St I Jail for England 1 and ft and to lot vitft 
 
 ifiand dffcriM--Prottfd to Princti ^and — Unhtalltrf ^rlli of li<t clifuiit nf Javii — A /uJM 
 Jlorm—Sietr for Iht Capt i/GoHil thtt-m Anchor in Simm't Bay^ A v{/il to lift rovtrnor—An account if Viilft Ba^ 
 Sim m' I Bay, No<A't Ark, and St.u /jland—Stlfail/or England , and/ia'nd to Ibt wtjl of ibt ijLtnds if .ifitnlimaud 
 St,lltltna—t)(fcrylhfWtjlltmf*nllof l,Hand,aHdtndfaxwir,iHvain, to gtt into Port (ia/ua\ — Stttr lo iht north */ 
 
 Ixwis ljla»d—BoihJbips anchor at Stromiif ft And on ff'fdntfday,lhe ^b tfOf/oitr, arnvt fift al iht Sore, ^fltr an 
 tikftnci ^ ^ytari, a monlht, and ti ././;«— G/m/*.., >if < oarkj. 
 
 A. D. 17I0. 
 
 O" 
 
 kN Tuefibv, the nth t»f January, 
 two (ailors, John Cavf ii\iimx- 
 mancr.and Ri»>tff Spencer belong- 
 ing to the Rerolution, went ttff with a fu oarrd cutter 1 
 and thotigh the moll diligent fearch wan fnadr, hoth 
 ihii ami the rollowmg morninp, we could not gain any 
 inlelligcnce of them. It wai imagined, that thcfc fca- 
 mcn had been fcduced by the hopes of acquiring a for- 
 tune, if they (hould return to the fur iflnmU. On the 
 I jth, at noun, we unmoored, and fcaled the guns, which, 
 onboard the l>ircovery, amounted at thia time to ten > 
 fo that her people by means of four additional ports, 
 could fight feven on a fide. In the Rcfolution like- 
 wife, the number of guna had been augmented from 
 13 to 16 1 and, in each of the (hips, all other precau- 
 tions were taken to give our inrnnriderabic force a rc- 
 (be<fhible appearance. We conlidered it as our duty to 
 furnifh ourlelvea with thcfe means of defence, though 
 there was fome rcafon to believe, that they had in a great 
 mcnTurc been rendered fuperfluous by the generofity of 
 our enemies 1 for we wire informed, by the public 
 
 Sirints, which Captain King had brought with him 
 rom Canton, of inftruAiona having been found on 
 board all the French (hips of war, that had been taken 
 in Europe, importing, that their Commanders, if they 
 fliould Happen to fall in with the Refolution and Dif- 
 covery, were to fuifer them to proceed unmole(ted on 
 their voyage. It was alfo reported, that the American 
 Congrels had given fimilar orders to the vefTeli cm- 
 ployed in their fervice. This intelligence being fur- 
 ther confirmed by the private letters of fome of the 
 fupcr-cargoes. Captain King deemed it incumbent on 
 him, in retarn for the liberal exceptions which otirene- 
 mies had made in our favour,to refrain from ciiiliracing 
 any opportunities of capture, and to muintiiin the l)ridlci> 
 neutrality during the whole of our voyage. Having 
 got under fail about two o'clorl;, P. M. wc patFcd the 
 turt ofMacao, and falutcd the giirnfon with eleven four- 
 unders, which they ani'wered with an equal number. 
 Nc were under the neccflity of warping out into the 
 entrance of the Typa, which we gained by eight o'clock 
 in the evening of the t^thj and l.iy there till nine 
 o'clock the fuUowing morning, when we fiood, with a 
 frefh eafterly brccAC, to the S. between Wungboo and 
 Potoe. At four in the afternoon, the l.adrone was about 
 two leagues diftant in an eallcrn dire<5lion. On Satur- 
 day, the vi 5th, at noon, we obferved in lat. 18 deg. 57 
 nun. tong. Ii4deg. 13 min. On the i6th, we (truck 
 foundings over Macclesfield Bank, and found the depth 
 of water to be jo fathoms, over a bottom confifliiig of 
 white land and Ihells. We computed this part of the 
 bank to be fituatcd in lat. 1 5 deg. 5 1 min. and in long. 
 1 14 deg. 30 min. Hiurfday. the 19th, at four o'clocK 
 P. M. we had in view Pulo Sapatra, bearing N. W. by 
 \t, and diAant about four leagues. Having plTed 
 this ifland, we (tood to the weftward; and on tne 3oth 
 made the little group of iflands known by the name of 
 Puk> Condore, at one of which we anchored in fix fa- 
 thonu water. The harbour where we now moored, has 
 iu entrance from the N. W. and affords the bc(l (hclter 
 dunitgtlie N. E. monfoon. Its entrance bore W. N. 
 W. qutner W. and N. by W. the opening at the 
 Wpper end bore S. E. by E. three quarters E. and we 
 were about a furlongi difUnt frotn the (bore. On llK 
 
 4 
 
 ^' 
 
 3 1 n, early in the morning, parties were Tent out to cut 
 wood, the Commodore's principal motive for touch- 
 ing at this ifland being to fupply the (hip* with that 
 drti'le. None of the natives having as yet made their 
 appearancr, notwithftandingtwo gtms had been fired at 
 dilVvrent tinKj, Captain Ciorc th(nj)<;ht it advifeable to 
 land, and go in fearch of them. Anordingly, ofi Sun- 
 day, the 22nd, he defired Cuptain King to attend him. 
 They proceeded in their boats aionj; Ihore for the fpate 
 of two miles, when perceiving a road that led into a 
 wood, they landed. Here Captain King left the Com- 
 modore, and, attended by a mulfhipman, and tour 
 armed Tailors, purfued the path, which appeared to 
 point dircdllyacrofs the ifland. They prorerdcd through 
 a thick wood up a (teep hill, to the diflanre of a mile, 
 when after defcending, they arrived at Come hut». Cap- 
 tain King ordered tne party to fla^ without, left the 
 fight nf armed men fliould terrify the inhabitants, 
 while he entered and reconnoitred alone. He found, in 
 one of the huts, an elderly man, who was in a pynX 
 fright, and preparing to make off with the molt valu- 
 able eficdts. However a few figns, particularly ttial 
 moft fignili' ant one of holding out a handful of dollara, 
 and then pointing to a herd of buffaloes, and the fowls 
 that were running about the huts in great numbers, left 
 him without any doubti as to theobjedis of their vifit. 
 He pointed towards • place where the town flood, and 
 made them comprehctM, that by going thither, all their 
 wants would t>c lupplied. On their firft coming out of 
 the wood, a herd of^ buffaloes, to the number of 30 at 
 leaft, came running towards them, tofling up their head*, 
 fnuffing the air, and roaring in a hideous manner. They 
 had followed them to the huts, and now Itnod drawn up 
 in a body, at a little diflancc 1 and the old man made 
 them underfland, that it would Ixrexceeding dangerous 
 to move, till they were driven into the woods; but fo en- 
 raged were the animals grown, at the fight of them, 
 that this was not effetfled without a good deal of time 
 and difficulty. The men not l>cing able to accnmplifli 
 it, they called to their afllftance a kw little boys, who 
 foon drove them out of fight. Afterward they had an 
 opportunity of obferving, that in driving thefe animala, 
 and fecuring them, which is done by putting a rope 
 through a hole made in their noftrils, little boya were 
 always employed, who could ftroke and handle them with 
 impunity at tinKs, when the men durfl not approach 
 them. Having got rid of the buffaloes, they were con* 
 du<£led to the town, which confifla of between 30 and 30 
 houfcs, built clofc together; t>efides 6 or 7 others that 
 are fcattered about the Ixach. The roof, the two ends, 
 and the fide frontins the country, are neatly conftruAed 
 of reeds; theopptmte fide, facing the Tea, is entirely 
 open; but, by means of a kind of tumboo fcreeno, 
 they can exclude or let in as much of the-fifn and air aa 
 they pleafc. They were condudled to the largeft houfe, 
 where the chief, or captain, as they called him, rcfidcd, 
 tnit he was abfent, or would not be fecn; therefore no 
 purchafes could, u they faid, be made. At two o'clock, 
 in the afternoon, they returned to the (hips ; as did 
 likewife feveral of our (hooting partieafrom the woods, 
 about thcfametinte. At five o'ckxk, fix men in aproa, 
 rowed up to the (hips, from the upper-end of the har- 
 boty t and one of them, who was a perfon of decent ap- 
 pearance, introduced hintlcif to Captain Gore, with aa 
 
 i'^ 
 
643 
 
 Ciipt. COOKs VOYAGEii COMFLEXii. 
 
 I): (.HI '■ t 
 
 I- 
 
 cafe and policcncfs which indicated that he had been 
 accudonied to palk his time in other company than' 
 what Condorc attbrdcd. He brousht with him a fort 
 "of certificate, written in the French language, of which 
 the following is a tranllation. 
 
 " Peter George, Bilhop of Adran> Apoftolic Vicar of 
 Cochin-China, &c. The little Mandarin, who is the 
 bearer hereof, is the real Envoy of the Qwrt to Pulo 
 Condorc, to attend there for the reception of all Euro- 
 pean 'velTels, whofe deftination is to approach that 
 place. &c. A Sai-Gon, lo Auguft, 1779." 
 
 He gave us to underdand. that he was the Mandarin 
 iVientioned in it 1 and produced another paper, which 
 was a letter fealeJ up, and addrcfled to the Captains of 
 any European fliips that may touch at Condorc. From 
 this letter, and the whole of Luco's converfation, the 
 M«iarin, we had little doubt, that the veffel he ex- 
 pedled was a French one. We found, at the fame 
 time, that he was dcGrous of not lofing his errand, and 
 was not unwilling to become our pilot. We could not 
 difcover from him the precife bulincfs which the fliip 
 Jw was waitinff for defigncd to profecutc in Cochin- 
 China. We fliali only add, that he acquainted ui, that 
 the French veflels might perhaps have touched at Tir- 
 non, and from thence fail to Cochin-China j and as no 
 mtelligence had been received, he imagined that this 
 was moll likely to have been the cafe. Captain Gore 
 ■afterwards enquired, what fupplics could be procured 
 irom this ifland. Luco replied, he had two buffaloes 
 belonging to him, which were at our fervicc, and that 
 conlidcrable numbers of thofe animals might be pur- 
 chafed for four or five dollars each. We had purchafed 
 eight of thefe animals ; and on the 23d, early in the 
 morning, the launches of both fliips were difpatchcd to 
 the town to bring them away, but our people were 
 puch at a lofs to bring them on board. After confult- 
 ing with the Mandarin, it was determined, that they 
 Jhould be driven through the wood, and over the hill, 
 .down to the bay, where our two Captains had landed. 
 This plan was accordingly executed; but the untrada- 
 )>lenel.<i, and amazing flrengthof the animals rendered 
 it a flow and difficult operation. The mode of conduc- 
 ing them was, by puttmg ropes through their noflrils, 
 and round their horns ; but when they were once en- 
 gaged at the fight of our people, they became fo furi- 
 ous, that they fomctimes tore afunder the cartilage of 
 the noftril, through which the ropes pafled, and fet 
 themfclves at liberty ; at other times they broke the 
 •Crces, to which it was found neceflary to fiiflen them. 
 On fuch occafions, all the endeavours of our men, lor 
 the recovery of them, would have been unfuccefsfult 
 without the aid of fome little boys, whom the buffa- 
 Iocs would fuffer to approach, and by whole puerile 
 managements their rage was quickly appcafed; and 
 when Drought down to the beach, it was by their aflift- 
 ■nee, in twifling ropes about their legs, in the manner 
 they were diret^ted, that our people were enabled to 
 throw them down, and, by that means, to set them into 
 the boats ; and, a circumftancc very finguTar, they had 
 not been a whole day on '^ard, before they were as 
 tame as poflible. Captain King kept a male and a 
 female for a confiderable time, which became great 
 favourites with the feamen. Thinking a breed of thefe 
 Knimals, fome of which weighed, when dreflTed, 700 
 pounds, would be an acquifirion of fome value, he in- 
 tended to have brought them with him to England; but 
 (hat defign was frufirated by an incurable hurt which 
 «)ne of them received at fea. Bcfides the buffaloei, of 
 "Which there are feveral largt herds in this ifland, we 
 purchafed frttm the natives fome remarkably fine fat 
 hogs, of the Chinefc breedl We procured three or four 
 of the wild fort ; feveral of whofe tracks were feen in 
 the woods ; which alio abound with monkcyi and l()uir« 
 rels, bur fo fliy, that it was difficult to flioot them. Here 
 We found the cabbage-tree, and other fucculcnt greens, 
 with which our people made very free without alking 
 queflions. Two wells of excellent water had been di£ 
 covered, in confcquence of which part of llie compa* 
 nies of both (hips had been cmpkiyed in plvWdiag A 
 competent fuppiy of it. Our numepout fiiincrilbcn wili 
 
 be pleafed to recolledt, that In our hiflory of Captain 
 Cook's firlt and fecond voyages, we have given a con- 
 cifc, though comprehenfive account of Pulo Condorc, 
 Celebes, Sumatra, Java, the Philippine, Ladrones, and, 
 in fhort, all the principal iflands in the Indian Scaj it 
 therefore only now remains, during the remainder of 
 our paffage home, with a viewof eftablilhihgthc credit 
 «nd reputation-of this work, and of rendering it the moft 
 complete undertakmg of the kind extant, to mention a 
 *ew particulars that came under our own obfervation, 
 "•{^w^'ch may be reckoned as improvements fince the 
 laboun of former compilers, or the expeditions of prior 
 navigators. 
 
 Pulo Condorc fignifies the ifland of Calabalhes, its 
 name being derived from two Malay words, Pulo, im- 
 plying an ifland, and Condorc, a Calabafli, great quan- 
 tities of which fruit arc produced here. Among the 
 vegcable improvements of this ifland, may be reckoned 
 the fields of rice that we obfcrved; alfo cocoa-nurs, 
 pomegranates, oranges, (haddocks, and various, forts of 
 pompions. We continued at this harbour till the 28th, 
 when the little Mandarin took leave ofusi at which 
 time the Commodore gave him, at his requeft, a lettiir 
 of recommendation to the Commanders of any other 
 vclTcls that might put in here. He alfo beftowed on 
 him a handfome prefcnt, and gave him a letter for tM 
 bifliop of Adrian, together with a telefcopc, which he 
 defired might bcprclcntcd to him as a compliment foir 
 the favours wc had received, through his means, at Pulo 
 Condorc, The latitud*; of the harbour is 8 dcg. 40 min. 
 N. and its longitude, deduced from many lunar obfer. 
 vations, to6 deg. 1 8 min. 46 fee, E, At full and change 
 of the moon it was high water at 4 h, 15 m. apparent 
 time ; after which the water continued for 1 2 hours, 
 without anv perceptible alteration. The tranfuion (Vom 
 ebbing to flowing was very quick, being in Icfs than five 
 minutes. The water rofe and fell fcven feet four indhea 
 perpendicular. 
 
 On Friday, the 28th, we unmoored, and cleared the 
 harbour. On the 30th, at one o'clock, P. M. we had 
 fignt of Pulo Timoan, and at five, Pulo Puiflang was 
 feen in the diredtion of S. by E. three quarters E. At 
 nine o'clock, we had, from the effeft of fome current, 
 out-run our reckoning, and found ourfelves clofe upon 
 Pulo Aor, in the lat. of 2 dea. 46 min N. long. 104 deg, 
 37 min. E. in confeauence of which wc hauled the wind 
 to the £. S. E. This courfe wc profecuted till mid' 
 night, and then (leered S. S. E. for the ftraits of Banca. 
 On Tuefday, the i ft of February, we obfcrved in lat. 
 I deg. 20 min. N. and our long, by a number of lunar ob- 
 fervations, we found to be 1 05 deg. E.Towards fun-fet, Vift 
 had a view of Pulo Panjang; at which time our lat. wai 
 53 min. N. On the 2a, we pafled the ftraits of Sunda; 
 and, at noon, we came in flghtof the fmall iflands known 
 by the name of Dominis, lying off the eaftcrn part of 
 Lingen. At one o'clock, P. M. Pulo Taya made its 
 appearance in the diredion of S. W. bv W. diftant 7 
 leagues. On the 3d, at day-break, we had fight of the 
 three iflands; and, not long afterwards, faw Moiiopin 
 Hill, in the ifland of Banca. Having got to the W. of 
 the (hoal, named Frederic Endric, we entered the (traits 
 of Banca, and bore away towards the S. On the 4th, in 
 the morning, we proceeded down the ftraits with tlie 
 tide; and, at noon, the tide beginning to makeaga^n(t 
 U3, we caft anchor, at the di(lan6B of about one league 
 from what is dpnominated the Third Point, on the Suma- 
 tra (horct Monopin Hill bearing N. 54I deg. W. and 
 our lat. being ^ deg. 22 min. S. long, 10 j dcg. 3 8 min, 
 E. At three in the afternoon we weighed, and coiit!- 
 nued our courfe through the ftraits with a gentle breeze 
 In palling tbcTe ftraits, (hips nifiy make a netirpr ap^ 
 proach to the coaft of Sumatra than to that of Banca. 
 On Sunday, the 6th, in the morning, wc palTcd to the 
 W, of Lufepara ; and at five o'clock, P. M. we defcrie4 
 the Sifters, in the diredion of S. by W. half Vf. M 
 fevtn wc caft anchor three leagues to the northward' of 
 thofe Klandi. On the 7th. at.fiv^ o'clock, A. M;;'^4 
 weighed^ and in three hourii afterwards wc were in llgnt 
 of the Siltfra, T>Kfe an two iflands of very iinall ex- 
 M^t, picniiAilly ftocked with wood, and utua^d in 50 
 
 dejr. 
 
 «... 
 
 •:1 
 
COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 
 
 649 
 
 lof Captain 
 |ven a con- 
 I Condore, 
 Irones, and, 
 lian Scaj it 
 linainder of 
 ; the credit 
 ^ it the mod 
 • tncntion a 
 pbfcrvation, 
 (ts fince the 
 anvofpriur 
 
 labafhcs, its 
 
 |, Pulo, im- 
 
 grcat quan- 
 
 Ainong the 
 
 be reckoned 
 
 cocoa-nuts, 
 
 nous, forts of 
 
 till the 28th, 
 
 I at which 
 
 left, a Icttfcr 
 
 if any other 
 
 icAowed oft 
 
 eiter for thi^ 
 
 c, which he 
 
 ipliment for 
 
 ahs, at Pulo 
 
 leg. 40 min. 
 
 lunar obfer- 
 
 I and change 
 
 n. apparent 
 
 Dr 1 2 hours, 
 
 infition from 
 
 kfs than live 
 
 I four indhn 
 
 I cleared thii 
 M. we had 
 'uifTang was 
 irters E. At 
 bmc current, 
 :s clofc upon 
 ing. i04deg, 
 lied the wind 
 cd till mid-* 
 tsofBanca. 
 fcrvcd in lat. 
 of lunar ob- 
 Jsfun-fet.tt'e 
 : our lat. wai 
 its of Sunda; 
 lands known 
 (Icrn part of 
 lya made its 
 V. diftant 7 
 I fight of the 
 w Moriopin 
 to the W. of 
 ed the (Iraits 
 1 the. 4th, in 
 its with tl^e 
 nake againn 
 one leagUfi 
 n thcSutna- 
 ?g. W. and 
 eg, 38 min, 
 and conti- 
 ntle breeze, 
 I nearpr a{^ 
 t of Banco, 
 iflcd to the 
 we deCcricd 
 
 irtnward of 
 
 » A: Nl-'ivi 
 t'ereinlt^t 
 ry fmall cx> 
 iia(ed in 50 
 dtfy. 
 
 dcg. S. lat. and in long. 106 dcg. 12 min. They lie 
 nearly N. and S. from each other, encompafled by a 
 reef of coral rocks. At noon, we had light of the 
 iflandof Java; and about four in the afternoon, wc 
 perceived two velFeli in the ftraits of Sunda 1 one of 
 which lay at anchor near the mid-channel ifland, the 
 other nearer the (hore of Java. On the 8th, about 
 eight o'clock in the morning, we weighed, and pror 
 ceeded through the (Iraits of Sunda. On Wednefday 
 the 9th, between ten and eleven, Captain King was or- 
 dered by the Commodore to make fail towards a Dutch 
 vcflel, that now came in fight to the fouthward. which 
 we imagined was from Europe; and, according to the 
 nature of the information that might be obtained from 
 her, either join him at Cracatoa, or to proceed to the 
 fouth-eaftern extremity of Prince's ifland, and there 
 provide a fuppiy of watci.and wait for him. In com- 
 pliance with thefc inftrucflions Captain King bore down 
 towards the Dutchman ; and un the loth, m the morn- 
 ing, Mr; Williamfon went on board her; where he was 
 informed, that (lie had been (even months from Eu- 
 rope, and three from the Cape of Good Hope ; that, 
 before her departure, the kings of France and Spain had 
 declared war acainfl his Britannic Majcfty; and that 
 Ihe had left Sir Ed ward Hughes at the Cipe with a fqua- 
 dron of men ot war, and alfo a fleet of F"(l India 
 lliips. On the return of Mr. Williamfon, Captain 
 King rook the advantage of a fair breeze, and made 
 fail towards the ifland of Cracatoa. where he foon after 
 perceived the Refolution at anchor, and immediately 
 difpatched a boat to communicate to Captain Gore the 
 intelligence procured by Mr. Williamfon. When wc 
 iawourconfort preparing, at the diftance of near two 
 leagues, to come to, wc fired our guns, and difplayed 
 the fignal for leading a-hcad, by hoifling an Englilh 
 jack at the cnlign ftaff. This was intended to prevent 
 the Difcovery'g anchoring, on account of the foul ground, 
 which tbcmaps on board our (hip placed in this (itua- 
 tton. However, as Captain King met with none, but, 
 on the contrary, found a muddy bottom, and good an- 
 choring ground, at the depth of 60 fathoms, he re- 
 iiuined uft till the return of the boat, which brought 
 him orders to proceed to Prince's Ifland the cnfuing 
 morning. 
 
 Cracatoa is the fouthemmoft of a duller of iflands 
 lying in the entrance of the ftraits of Sunda. It has a 
 lofty peaked hill at. its fouthcrn extremity, fituated in 
 lat. 6deg. 9 min. S. and in long. 105 deg. 15 min. E. 
 The whole circumference of the ifland does not exceed 
 nine miles. The ifland of Sambouricou, or Tamarin, 
 which flands 1 2 miles to the northward of Cracatoa, 
 may cafily be miftaken for the latter, fince it has a hill 
 of nearly the fame figure and dimenfions, fltuate like- 
 wife near its fouth end. The lat. of the road where we 
 cafl anchor is 8 deg. 6 min. S. long, by obfer ation, 
 ro5 deg. 36 min. E. It is high water on the full and 
 change days, at feven o'clock in the morning; and the 
 water rifes three feet two inches perpendicular. 
 
 On Friday, the iith, at three o'clock, A. M. the 
 Difcovery weighed anchor, and fleered for Prince's 
 Ifland ; and, at noon, (he came to, and moored oft' its 
 caftern extremity. On Monday, the r4th, at day break, 
 we dcfcried our confort, and, at two o'clock P. M. we 
 anchored clofc by her. By the i6th, both fliips flatted 
 their cafl(s, and had replcniihed them with frcfli water. 
 In the evening the decks were cleared, and we prepared 
 for fea. On Saturday, the 19th, being favoured with a 
 wcfterly breeze, wc broke ground, to our extreme fatis- 
 /iidion, for the lafl time in the (traits of Sunda ; and 
 bn.the 20th, we had to|alIy loft fight of Prince's Ifland. 
 If Mr. Lannyon had not been with us, we fliould pro- 
 bably have met u ith fomc difticulty in finding the wa- 
 tcrii^ place : it may, therefore, not be improper to give 
 a particular dcfcription of its lltuation, for the bene It 
 of fubfequent navigators. The peaked hill on the ifland 
 bears N. W. by N. from it. A remarkable tree, 
 which grows on a coral reef, and is entirely detached 
 from the adjacent flirubs, flands juft to the north of it t 
 and a fnlall "plot of reedy grafs, may be feen dofe by it. 
 I'befe marks will indicate the place where the pool di£. 
 
 No. 79. . 
 
 charges itfcif into the fea; but the water here, as well 
 as that which is in the pool, being in general fait, the* 
 calks muft be filled about 50 yards higher up; where, in 
 dry fcafons, the frc(h water which defcends from the 
 hills, is in great meafure, loft among the l^vcs, and 
 muft theremre be fearched for by clearing them away. 
 The lat. of the anchoring-placc at Prince's Ifland, is 
 6 deg. 36L min. 1 5 fee. S. and its long. lOj deg. 1 7 miiv 
 30 (ec. E. 
 
 On Friday, the ijth, we were attacked with a violent 
 florm, attended with thunder, lightning, and heavy 
 rain. From the 26th to the 28th of March, we had a 
 regular trade wind from the S. E. to E. by S. accom- 
 panied with fine weather; and as we failed in an old 
 beaten track, no incident worthy of notice occurred. 
 It had hitherto been Captain Gore's intention to proceed 
 dirc('Uy to St. Helena, without flopping at the Cape, 
 l)ut our rudder having been for fome time complaining, 
 and, on being examined, reported to be in a dangerous 
 flatc, he refolved to fleer diredtly for the Cape, as the 
 moft eligible place, both for the recovery of the fick, 
 and for procuring a new main piece for the rudder. 
 
 Monday, the loth of April, a fnow was feen bearing 
 down, which proved to be an Englifli F.aft India packet, 
 that had left I'able Bay three days before, and was 
 cruizing with orders for the China !''•% and other India 
 (hips. She told us, that, about i^.rje weeks before, 
 >'onf. Trongollar's fqundron, confifting of fix (hips, 
 had failed from the Cape, and was prone to cruize off 
 St. Helena, for the Englifli Eaft Indiamen. The next 
 morning we flood into Simon's Bay. At eight o'clock, 
 wccamc to anchor, at the diftance of one third of a 
 mile from the neareft fliorc; the S. E. point of the bay 
 bearing S. by £. and Table Mountain N. E. half N. 
 The Nalfau and Southampton Eaft Indiamen were here, 
 in expedhtion of a convoy from Europe. We faluted 
 the fort with eleven guns, and were complimented with 
 an equal number in return. As foon as we had call 
 anchor, Mr. Brandt, the governor of this place, favoured 
 us with a vifit. This gentleman had the highefl regard 
 for Captain Cook, who had been his conflant gueft, 
 whenever he had touched at the Cape; and though he 
 had, fome time before, received intelligence of his un> 
 timely fate, he was extremely affedled at the fight of our 
 vefTels returning without their old Commander. He 
 was greatly furprifed at feeins moft of our people in Co 
 healthy a ftate, as the Dutch (hip which had quitted 
 Macao, at the time of our arrival there, and had after- 
 wards flopped at the Cape, Kported, that we were in a 
 moft wretched condition, there being only 15 hands left 
 on board the Refolution, and feven in the Difcovery. 
 It is difficult to conceive what could have induced 
 thcfe people to propagate fo infamous a falfehood. ' 
 
 On Saturday the 1 5th, Captain King accompanied 
 our Commodore to Cape Town; and the next day, in 
 the morning, they waited on Baron Plettenberg, the Go- 
 vernor, who received them with every polfible indica- 
 tion of civility and politenefs. He entertained a great 
 pcrfonal efteem for Captain Cook, and profcfled the 
 nigheft admiration of his charadler, and on hearing the 
 recital of his affedling cataftrophe, broke forth into 
 many expreflions of unaifeded (brrow. In one of the 
 principal apartments of the Baron's houfe, he (hew cd 
 our gentlemen two pictures, one of De Ruyter, the 
 other of Van Tromp, with a vacant fpace left between 
 them, which, he faid, he intended to fill up with the 
 portrait of Captain Cookj and for this purpofe he re- 
 quefled that they would endeavour to procure one for 
 him, on their arrival in Great Briain,at any price. Dur- 
 ing our continuance at the Cape, we met with the moft 
 friendly treatment, not only from the Governor, butallb 
 from the other principal perfons of the place, as well 
 Africans as Europeaiu. 
 
 Falfe Bay lies to the eaftward of the Capei and at 
 the diftance of about 1 2 miles from the latter, on the 
 weftern fide is Simon's Bay, the only commodious fta- 
 tion for fhipping to lie in. To the N. N. eaftward of 
 thistiay, there are fome others, from which, however, it 
 i may with eafe be diftinguiflied, by a remarkable fandy 
 way totheN. of thetowB^whichforms a confpicuoiu 
 S & objciAk 
 
6co 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES C O M P L E t E. 
 
 objca. The anchoring place in Simoa'i Bay, it fitu. 
 ated in the lat. of 34 f\ca. lo min. S. and its Ions, is 
 1 8 dep;. 19 tnin. E. In fleering for the harbour, along 
 the weftern fliorc, there is a fmall flat rock, known by 
 the name of Noah's Arki and about a mile to the N. 
 eaftward of it, are others, denominated the Roman 
 Rocks. Thcfe arc a mile and a half dillant from the 
 anchoring placet and either to the northward of them, 
 or between them, there is a fafe paHiige into the bay. 
 When the N. weflerly gales are fet in, the navigator, 
 by the following bearings, will be direifled to a (ccure 
 and convenient flation: Noah's Ark S. 51 dcg. E. and 
 the center of the hofpiul S. u deg. W. in 7 fathoms 
 water. But if the S. eaflcrfy winds flwuld not have 
 ceafctl blowing, it is more advifeable to remain farther 
 out in 8 or 9 fathoms water. The bottom confifls of 
 fand, and the anchors, before they get hold, fettle confi- 
 derably. About two leagues to the eaflward of Noah's 
 Ark, flands Sieal Ifland, wliofe fouthem part is faid to 
 be dangerous, and not to be approached, with fafety, 
 nearer than in 32 fathoms wacer. 
 
 On Tuefday the 9th of May, fignal was made for un- 
 mooring, and, about noon, we took our departure from 
 Simon's Bay. We had now proviflons, live flock, wa- 
 ter, and naval ftores, aboard in great plenty : alfo healthy 
 crews, in high fpirits, wilhing for nothing but a fair 
 \vind to fliorten our paflage home. On the 14th, we 
 got into the S. E. trade wind, and flood to the W. of 
 the iflands of Afcenfion and St. Helena. Wednefday, 
 the 31 fl, we were in lat. 1 2 deg. 48 min. S. long. 1 5 d^. 
 40 min. W. On Saturday the lothof June, the Dif- 
 covery's boat brought us word, that, in cxcrcifing her 
 ^eat guns, the carpenter's mate had his arm fliattercd 
 m a (hocking manner, by part of the wadding being 
 left in after a former difchargei another man was fltghtly 
 wounded at the fame time. On the 1 2th, it began to 
 blow very hard t and continued fo till the next day, 
 when we eroded the line to the northward, for the fourth 
 time during our voyage, in the long, of 26 dcg. 1 6 
 min. W. 
 
 On Saturday the 1 2th of Augufl, we defcried the 
 
 weftfrn coaft of Ireland, an^ endeavoured in vain to 
 get into Port Galway, but were compelled by violent 
 foutherly winds, to (land to the N. The wind con- 
 tinuing in the fame quarter we made the ifland of 
 Lewis. 
 
 On Tuefday, the 22nd, about eleven o'clock A. M. 
 both fliipscame to anchor at Stromnels in Scotland: 
 from whence the Commodore font Captain King to 
 inform the Lords of the Admiralty of our arrival. 
 
 On the 30th, we arrived off Yarmouth, in company 
 with his Nfajefty's floops of war the Hy and Alderney. 
 Our boats were immediately fei)t on (hore for provi- 
 flons, and for a fpare cable tor our fmall bower, that we 
 had being nearly worn out. 
 
 On the 4tJ» of Odlober, 1780, the Refolution' and 
 Difcovcry reached the Nore in fafety; and, on the 6th, 
 dropped anchors at Deptibrd ; having been abfent four 
 years, three months, and two days. 
 
 It is very extraordinary, that in fo long and hazardous 
 a voyage, the two fliips never loft fight of each other 
 for a day together except twice; the firfl time, owing 
 to an accident that happened to the Difcovery off the. 
 coaft of Owhyhee; the fecond, to the fogs they met 
 with at the entrance of Awatfka Bay; a ftrikiiig proof 
 of the fl(ill and vigilance of the fubaltem of{i.;ers. Ano- 
 ther circumftance, no lefs remarkable, is, the uncom- 
 mon healthinefsofthe comninies of both (hips. Wheo 
 Captain King quitted the iMcovery at Stromnefs, he 
 had the fatisfadlion of leaving the whole crew in per- 
 fetfl health; and, at the fame time, the number of Tick 
 perfons on board the Refolution did not exceed two or 
 three, only one of whom was incapable of fervice. In 
 the whole courfe of the voyage, the Refolution loft no 
 more than five men by ficknefs; the Difcovery not one. 
 A ftriA attention to the excellent regulations efta- 
 blifhed by Captain Cook, with which our readers have 
 been made acquainted, and the ufe of that excellent 
 medicine, Peruvian bark, may juftly be deemed the 
 chief caufes, under the blefling of an all-directing 
 Providence, of this extraordinary fucccfs. . 
 
 /^1'"S 
 
 
 ! 
 
 JOURNAf, 
 
 ■T f »■ ■" !' - "-":"''" 
 
fftr 
 
 ■^S!i---w«W"'»w"«m^ 
 
 xd in vain to 
 led by violent 
 le wind con- 
 the ifland of 
 
 I'clock A. M. 
 I in Scotland : 
 tain King to 
 r arrival. 
 , in company 
 ind Alderney. 
 re for provi- 
 lower, that we 
 
 Erolution and 
 i, on the 6th, 
 n abfent ^our 
 
 nd hazardous 
 tf each other 
 
 time, owing 
 overy off the. 
 Dgs they met 
 hilcnig proof 
 fRcers. Ano> 
 
 the uncom- 
 Ihipt. Wheo 
 tromnefs, he 
 crew in per> 
 imbcroffKk 
 tcccd two or 
 fcrvice. In 
 ution loft no 
 very not one. 
 lations efta- 
 teaders have 
 hat excellent 
 
 deemed the 
 alUdirccling 
 
 TRNAI, 
 
 i: 
 
 > 
 
 ; 
 
 COOK'i TWRP mA last VoyAGfl— To the PACIFIC OCE^N^ &c. 651 
 
 ■(— T-— "^-WK 
 
 li 
 
 
 
 J O U R N A L OF THE R O 
 
 . 1 
 
 I" - 1 : 
 
 U T E 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY, 
 
 Including the Ldtitude, Longitude, and the Variation of the Compafs* 
 
 From the C»{ie of Good Hope to 
 KergitcleD's Land. 
 
 Tunc. 
 
 Ltlituh 
 Srnib. 
 
 Lon^^ 
 
 Variii. 
 Weft. 
 
 1776. 
 
 r 
 
 « ' 
 
 ' 
 
 VmAI 
 
 
 '7t9 
 
 
 3 
 
 J+ 3» 
 
 •7 J6 
 
 22 00 
 
 4 
 
 36 +8 
 
 19 oj 
 
 22 30 
 
 .: 
 
 33 21 
 
 »i »3 
 
 IJ 00 
 
 6 
 
 3» 59 
 
 2J 29 
 
 »3 33 
 
 I 
 
 40 OJ 
 
 25 2J 
 
 
 41 04 
 
 28 5 
 
 24 00 
 
 9 
 
 41 27 
 ♦3 56 
 
 30 7 
 
 
 10 
 
 3» '3 
 
 »4 45 
 
 ■ I 
 
 4? 37, 
 
 J' 3' 
 
 25 00 
 
 ■ 2 
 
 46 20I 
 
 3- 
 
 26 00 
 
 '3 
 
 47 >J 
 
 4>48 
 
 26 I J 
 
 M 
 
 47 46 
 
 44 If 
 
 
 M 
 
 48 24I 
 
 48 ,i| 
 
 3« 00 
 
 ■6 
 
 48 41 
 
 J2 II 
 
 
 17 
 
 48 28 
 
 56 6 
 
 
 18 
 
 48 3?^ 
 
 j6 4(» 
 
 
 •9 
 
 48 26 
 
 59 »o 
 
 
 ao 
 
 48 27 
 
 62 43 
 
 
 3T 
 
 48 27 
 
 cc J3 
 
 
 12 
 
 48 18 
 
 66' 20 
 
 
 H 
 
 48 36 
 
 67264 
 
 
 14 
 
 48 24 
 
 68 35 
 
 
 =s 
 
 484. 
 
 69 II 
 
 «7 44 
 
 Fioni KiTguelen's land to Van 
 Dicmen's Lund. 
 
 1776, 
 Der. 29 
 30 
 3' 
 »77T 
 Jan. 
 2 
 3 
 
 '9 
 
 23 
 
 ai 
 tt 
 21 
 »4 
 »T 
 2£ 
 
 L;ttitu4e Lon|iiuJe V.irijt, 
 Soullk halt. Welt. 
 
 •7 44 
 18 44 
 
 37 
 
 20 
 
 '7 
 9i 
 41 
 
 59 
 
 43 
 
 56 
 20 
 1$ 
 
 40 
 6 
 
 >9 
 »3 
 12 
 18 
 »3 
 
 331 
 »3 
 
 3>! 
 
 4>; 
 
 +7 
 
 4'1 
 
 33: 
 
 o ' 
 
 69 39 
 
 70 34 
 73 '6 
 
 84 
 88 
 
 9' 
 93 
 95 
 99 
 lot 
 106 
 109 
 no 
 ■ 12 
 
 '5 
 120 
 124 
 118 
 '}' 
 '34 
 
 3» 
 •4' 
 '43 
 '44 
 •47 
 147 
 •4:' 
 
 }o 24 
 30 47 
 30 14 
 
 '5 29 
 
 '4 7f 
 '3 37 
 
 7 34 
 
 I o 
 3 o 
 
 >• '5 
 
 d 8 
 
 From Adventure Bay, Van Dia- 
 men'i Land, to New Zealand. 
 
 .-._. Latitude Loniinide Variai, 
 """• South. Eaft. E-ft. 
 
 177 
 Jan. 31 
 Feb. 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 43 »3l 
 
 44 '6i 
 44 4»1 
 H *H 
 44 ' 
 
 42 j6 
 
 42 27 
 
 4' 54 
 
 40 59i 
 
 40 35: 
 
 40 28J 
 
 
 
 '49 »9 
 
 152 9 
 
 '54 5' 
 
 '57 4' 
 
 160 13 
 
 161 59 
 163 39 
 ifij 23 
 167 29 
 i6g 30 
 171 27 
 '74 '5 
 
 7 30 
 
 From Qneen Charbtte'i Sound, 
 New Zealand, to the Friendly 
 ines. ' 
 
 Tisie. 
 
 27 
 
 2.S 
 March I 
 
 44 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 12 
 
 •3 
 '4 
 '5 
 16 
 
 !^ 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 2 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 3' 
 April I 
 
 Latitude 
 £outh 
 
 4' 3<if 
 4' 43 
 4' '7^ 
 4» 35 
 4» 355 
 42 24 
 I loi 
 39 5°! 
 39 'o 
 39 '7 
 39 H 
 39 305 
 39 »6 
 39 50 
 384'i 
 36 59'{ 
 SS J8 
 
 2415 
 
 15 
 26 
 
 Longitude 
 Eall. 
 
 176 49 
 
 '77 '7 
 '7« 43, 
 180 8{ 
 182 36 
 185 e 
 187 »6 
 189 21 
 
 19.'. '3 
 192 52 
 194 10 
 
 '95 " 
 196 4 
 
 196 1 1 
 
 197 30 
 
 198 43 
 
 34 6i|i98 57 
 33 40 
 33 H 
 3» 4 
 
 50 2q 
 29 4 
 
 '7 44 
 26 52 
 
 »5 59 
 
 2 2{ 
 
 24 16{ 
 23 40 
 
 »3 '7 
 22 44 
 
 22 13 
 
 10 26^ 
 
 '9 5'! 
 10 o! 
 
 199 6 
 
 '99 '9 
 
 200 14 
 
 200 J4 
 
 201 15 9 39 
 201 30 
 
 201 34 8 37 
 201 8 
 201 3o{ 
 201 23 
 
 201 23 8 2; 
 201 23 
 
 201 12 8 33 
 201 40 
 
 201 49 
 
 -o' 34 
 
 202 50 
 
 101 41 8 21 
 
 Plyin? nffihe illandt atHirttc, 
 and ffffHf4t-irr. 
 
 201 32 
 201 28 
 ZOI o 
 
 ■99 S8 
 
 Vaiiit. 
 Eatt. 
 
 '» «3f 
 
 «3 »3 
 " '3 
 
 10 49 
 
 10 18 
 10 19 
 
 9 5' 
 
 r'9 16 
 '9 >7i 
 
 Time. 
 
 Latitude 
 South. 
 
 Longitude 
 Eaft. 
 
 '777- 
 
 1 
 
 ' 
 
 Aftil 8 
 
 '9 7 
 
 199 32 
 
 9 
 
 18 J7 
 
 '99 '» 
 
 10 
 
 ■«»' 
 
 198 24 
 
 II 
 
 18 20 
 
 197 iO 
 
 12 
 
 18 10 
 
 197 20 
 
 '3 
 
 .8 7 
 
 '97 7 
 
 '4 
 
 <8 8| 
 '8 4* 
 
 196-3; 
 
 18 
 
 196 10 
 
 '9 
 
 ■7 594 
 
 '95 9 
 
 20 
 
 18 8 
 
 '93 59 
 
 21 
 
 '8 37t 
 
 192 42 
 
 22 
 
 .8 3? 
 
 192 21 
 
 23 
 
 • 8 V. 
 
 191. 
 
 24 
 
 •9»Si 
 
 189 40 
 
 2; 
 
 '9 47 
 
 18844 
 
 26 
 
 20 iii 
 
 '87 44 
 
 27 
 
 20 38 
 
 180 3 f 
 
 28 
 
 20 28t 
 
 >«5 36 
 
 »9 
 
 
 tl8j 21 
 
 Viriat. 
 Eaft. 
 
 7 26i 
 
 10 33 
 
 From the Ftiemlly IQcs to Ota- 
 heite. 
 
 
 Latitude 
 
 Longitude 
 
 V;,Ut. 
 
 
 South. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 '777- 
 
 ' 
 
 ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 July 18 
 
 22 lli 
 
 ■ 8{ 10 
 
 10 
 
 '9 
 
 186 9i 
 
 8 42 
 
 20 
 
 22 28 
 
 186 41 
 
 
 21 
 
 22 59i 
 
 187 3 
 
 
 22 
 
 »4 4 
 
 187 j9 
 
 
 *3 
 
 14 50 
 
 189 41 
 
 
 »4 
 
 2J 23 
 
 191 19 
 
 
 »5 
 
 26 Hi 
 26 Jl| 
 
 192 21 
 
 8 47 
 
 26 
 
 '93 46 
 
 
 *z 
 
 '94 45 
 
 7 51 
 
 .. 28 
 
 27 36 
 
 ik 7 
 
 '95 55 
 
 8 13 
 
 »s 
 
 '97 " 
 
 
 . 30 
 
 as 6 
 
 198 j5 
 
 
 A ^' 
 
 »7 53 
 
 200 37 
 
 
 Aug. I 
 
 17 49 
 
 20a ii4 
 
 7 44 
 
 2 
 
 27 28 
 
 203 50 
 
 7 » 
 
 3 
 
 n 43} 
 
 204 
 
 
 4 
 
 »7 33i 
 26 51 
 
 205 35 
 
 
 5 
 
 206 29 
 
 
 6 
 
 ^5 53} 
 
 207 40 
 
 
 7 
 
 25 9 
 
 208 ;8 
 
 7 37i 
 
 8 
 
 »3 56 
 
 210 174 
 
 7 »« 
 
 9 
 
 '3 7i 
 
 210 44 
 
 
 10 
 
 21 12 
 
 211 12 
 
 
 II 
 
 \r.t' 
 
 ill 43 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Fpim the Society Ides to Chrill- 
 ntas Idand. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Ldtlludv 
 
 Longitude 
 
 V.„.it. 
 
 
 ;outh. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 I'J"- 
 
 « < 
 
 « 1 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. ? 
 
 ' 5 4»^ 
 
 207 41 
 
 5 45 
 
 ic 
 
 '4 3» 
 
 207 34 
 
 5 35 
 
 II 
 
 '3 45 
 
 207 7 
 200 20 
 
 
 12 
 
 '3 ' 
 
 J 21 
 
 '3 
 
 12 17 
 
 aoj j8 
 
 
 Time. 
 
 '777 
 Dec. 14 
 
 11 
 
 Latitude 
 Soulh. 
 
 3 
 
 59 
 S] 
 
 ii\ 6 24 
 
 '9| 4 S<H 
 *° 3 3« 
 
 2 2- 
 
 O45N 
 2 2i 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 »3 
 
 »4 
 
 Ve 
 
 Loni^itude 
 Eaft. 
 
 »0J 54 
 20J 23 
 20; 5 
 204 29 
 207 19 
 204 9 
 203 39 
 203 9 
 202 J7 
 202 3S 
 202 33 
 
 57il^ 
 
 101 34 
 
 Varitt. 
 Eaft. 
 
 58* 
 
 7* 
 5+ 
 ai 
 
 5 »»: 
 
 5 4+ 
 
 6 49 
 
 6 10. 
 
 From Chridiiuu Ifland to SaiU> 
 wicb Ides. 
 
 Tihie 
 
 Latitu.ic 
 
 L.oiigitH<:? 
 
 V ariat. 
 
 
 North. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 Ea».' 
 
 1778. 
 
 ' 
 
 ' 
 
 9 • 
 
 Jan. 2 
 
 2 27 
 
 202 36 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 " 
 
 202 3J 
 
 
 4 4 8 
 
 202 4J 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 56 
 
 203 
 
 
 548 
 
 203 12 
 
 5 5» 
 
 • I 
 
 6 43 
 
 203 J4 
 
 
 7 45 
 
 20; 
 
 6 4« 
 
 9| 8 12 
 
 20J 12 
 
 <»47 
 
 10 9 30 
 
 20; 
 
 
 "I'o 44 
 
 20449 
 
 
 12 12 17 
 
 204 14 
 
 
 '3i'4 '« 
 
 »03 3 
 
 
 '4 
 
 If 58 
 
 202 8 
 
 
 '5 
 
 '7 40 
 
 201 29 
 
 
 16 
 
 19 oi 
 
 200 58 
 
 
 '7 
 
 20 2r 
 
 200 38 
 
 
 r8 
 
 21 I2i 
 
 200 41 
 
 
 '9 
 
 21 joi 
 
 200 39 
 
 
 From Sandwich Tfln to Kinf 
 GeorgeN or Nootka Sound, 
 on the Weft Coatt of Ame^ 
 fitia. 
 
 Tiro*. 
 
 Latitude 
 
 Longitude 
 
 Variat.. 
 
 
 North. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 
 
 
 
 lll\ 
 
 ' 
 
 9 
 199 30 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 23 I 
 
 '99 37 
 
 
 4 
 
 24 31 
 
 199 26 
 
 11 tt 
 
 5 
 
 it> Tt 
 
 "99 44 
 
 
 6 
 
 »7 4ii 
 
 200 19 
 
 
 7 
 
 28 56 
 
 200 6 
 
 12 to 
 
 8 
 
 30 18 
 
 201 3 
 
 
 9 
 
 30 59, 
 
 202 ; 
 
 '3 59 
 
 . 10 
 
 3' I'i 
 
 203 14 
 
 
 II 
 
 30 j8 
 
 20J 22 
 
 200 19 
 
 
 ;-t2 
 
 30 IJ 
 
 
 >3 
 
 3' *' 
 
 206 
 
 
 '4 
 
 3» 35 
 
 2o; J9 
 
 II 4 
 
 '5 
 
 32 29 
 
 20J 24 
 
 
 16 
 
 33 47 
 
 20J 24 
 
 
 \l 
 
 34 56 
 
 20J 24 
 
 
 36 13, 
 
 105 59 
 
 •3 <» 
 
 '9 
 
 31 »5' 
 
 206 i£ 
 
 16 42 
 
ii 
 
 i 
 
 n:i 
 
 &5« 
 
 — • - " • • • • 
 
 Cttpt. C O'O R^^i 1^ O' Y A G E i CO 
 
 M'P^L"E>r £*■ 
 
 Time. 
 
 Lit. 
 North* 
 
 Lon*. 
 
 ^J^\o 
 
 t 
 
 • > 
 107 }i 
 
 
 10941 
 
 
 40 18* 
 
 111 14 
 
 
 4. 6^ 
 
 1I4W 
 
 
 4' 4+i 
 
 117 IP 
 
 \l 
 
 4. 3"4 
 43 '7 
 43 4* 
 
 no 11 
 11T16 
 
 
 "4 55 
 
 
 44 'l\ 
 
 116 11 
 
 Mir. r 
 
 44 49 
 
 218 1 
 
 
 44 54, 
 
 itS 14 
 
 
 44 3»I 
 
 119 7 
 13' 8 
 
 
 44 5 
 
 
 ♦3 45 
 
 131 45 
 
 « 
 
 44 'o 
 
 134 10 
 
 I 
 
 44 J3 
 
 4* »7l 
 
 »3* »8 
 
 »3f " 
 
 9 
 
 43 55 
 
 «3*44 
 
 10 
 
 43 40 
 
 »34 47 
 
 II 
 
 43 44 
 
 •35 »> 
 
 r2 
 
 43 6 
 
 135 
 
 «3 
 
 4» 47 
 
 >33 »7 
 
 •4 
 
 « '7, 
 
 »33 43 
 
 »5 
 
 42 4<'i 
 
 »3' 45 
 
 i6 
 
 ♦* i 
 
 »3» 45 
 
 «7 
 
 43 5'', 
 
 J33 5» 
 
 |8 
 
 +4 50! 
 
 134 8 
 
 >9 
 
 44 56, 
 
 »33 5" 
 
 to 
 
 45 30* 
 
 »34 6 
 
 11 
 
 45 5' 
 
 234 8 
 
 12 
 
 47 »3 
 
 »35 5 
 
 »3 
 
 47 56 
 
 134 '7 
 
 a4 
 
 48 30 
 
 »34 7 
 
 ^ »? 
 
 232 41 
 
 " 16 
 
 +8 2ii 
 
 232 28 
 
 »7 
 
 47 5* 
 
 231 14 
 
 1848 ?6 
 
 232 I2_ 
 
 »9 49 »9^»33 »6M 
 
 30 
 
 49 36 1 
 
 133 18 1 
 
 IT J« 
 
 '* 59 
 
 10 jj 
 
 10 17 
 ■ 849J 
 
 •7 3*1 
 '7 43 
 
 '7 5* 
 
 |6 4'I 
 
 19 17 
 
 Froiii King George's or Nixuki 
 Scuml to Prince Williim's, a- 
 long the WcAem coaft of Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 Time. 
 
 North. 
 
 "^i: 
 
 Variat. 
 Eaft. 
 
 1778. 
 
 V t 
 
 / 
 
 a ' 
 
 Aj.r.27 
 
 49 39 
 
 »3< 3' 
 
 
 3H 
 
 50 I 
 
 229 16 
 
 
 »9 
 
 5' 54, 
 
 226 J4 
 
 
 .. 30 
 
 53 i»i 
 
 "5 '4 
 
 21 II 
 
 May 1 
 
 54 43 
 
 "4 44 
 
 24 19 
 
 2 
 
 j6 50 
 
 214 
 
 
 3 
 
 511 '7 
 
 222 14 
 
 
 4 
 
 ;8 12 
 
 220 4C 
 no j8 
 
 14 'I 
 
 5 
 
 5« 40 
 
 16 II 
 
 6 
 
 59 «, 
 
 220 19 
 
 13 10 
 
 I 
 
 59 »7l 
 
 119 7 
 
 14 16 
 
 59 ". 
 
 117 41 
 
 
 9 
 
 59 3'l 
 
 117 
 
 " 47 
 
 10 
 
 59 5' 
 
 »'? i^] 
 
 
 If 
 
 59 3i 
 61 II 
 
 lis 11 
 
 »7 35 
 
 It 
 
 113 18 
 
 
 «3 
 
 6049 
 
 iij 7 
 
 
 «4 
 
 60 19 
 
 113 7 
 
 
 F1A19 Prince William't Sound to 
 Cook's Riwr, alonj the Wef- 
 tem Coall of America. 
 
 _. Lat. Long 
 
 ^'"*- North. Kaft. 
 
 JO^K 
 
 til iii 
 III 11 
 III 40 
 no 6 
 108 41 
 to8 47 
 107 59 
 207 39 
 too ;o 
 107 10 
 07 14 
 
 107 }6 
 
 108 } 
 to8 4J 
 
 »4 
 
 »3 37 
 »J 4» 
 
 Variat. 
 Kalt. 
 
 Jiiae 161 {M'09 
 
 Ftoffl Cock'* Hint to Simgt- 
 nooAs Haibonr, in tbe Mind 
 OomhAiluL 
 
 
 Ut. 
 
 '1 imc. 
 
 North. 
 
 •77«. 
 
 » 
 
 Jnoeio 57 10 
 
 11 
 
 '7 5, 
 
 11 
 
 57 3i 
 »* 49 
 
 1] 
 
 '4 
 
 56 m 
 
 ;i 
 
 56 2J 
 
 56 5 
 
 \i 
 
 55 33 
 
 55 »5 
 
 1955 '8 
 
 »0 54 44 
 
 tt 
 
 54 ni 
 
 11 
 
 5J 5'. 
 
 »3 
 
 53 3At 
 
 »4 
 
 54 '3 
 
 n 
 
 \ut 
 
 11 
 
 53 5'i 
 
 53 ^5 
 
 Long, 
 EaftT 
 
 Variat. 
 Eaft. 
 
 • 1 
 
 « 1 
 
 107 i; 
 
 »07 33 
 106 11 
 
 
 toj 49 
 105 17 
 101 51 
 
 10 31 
 
 101 10 
 
 
 too 48 
 
 10 11 
 
 aoo 41 
 199 16 
 '97 »9 
 '97 " 
 
 11 31 
 
 196 34 
 •95 50 
 '95 '4 
 '94 59 
 194 1 
 
 '93 35 
 •93 »8 
 
 
 From Samganoodha Bay to Brii- 
 lol Ray.alongthe WcliemC'oaft 
 of America. 
 
 Time. 
 
 .,7». 
 July 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 55 
 
 9 
 to 
 II 
 12 
 '3 
 '4 
 '( 
 16 
 I" 
 If 
 I 
 
 Ut. 
 
 North 
 
 54 '9 
 
 , 49t 
 ?6 30 
 
 57 6! 
 
 57 '6. 
 )7 49 J 
 
 58 i«i 
 58 o 
 ;8 I2| 
 
 58 '3I 
 ;8 12 
 ;3 21 
 {8 28 
 5» 54 
 
 59 '7 
 30 
 
 Long 
 Eaif! 
 
 9*59 
 
 '93 33 
 '95 »4 
 '97 5 
 19S 43 
 
 199 36 
 
 200 16 
 
 200 48 
 
 201 42 
 100 39 
 200 34 
 200 33 
 
 '99 o 
 198 j6 
 198 39 
 '97 46 
 '97 JJ 
 '97 36 
 '97 45 
 
 Variat. 
 Kaft. 
 
 »6 13 
 11 49 
 21 31 
 
 From Rriltol Bay to Norton 
 iiound, on the Wellern Coall 
 of America. 
 
 Time. 
 
 '77* 
 July 13 
 »4 
 »5 
 
 Lat. I'ong. Variat. 
 North. Eall. Eaft. 
 
 o 
 
 58 43 
 58 7 
 
 196 4j 
 '94 " 
 
 58 2j4 191 13 
 
 Aug. 
 
 16,58 37 
 2759 II 
 
 »8159 55 
 i960 11 
 30I60 21 
 3161 II 
 
 6> 57 i 
 
 61 JJ 
 
 61 34 
 
 63 53 
 
 64 30 
 64 39 
 
 .6448 
 8 6j o 
 
 6{ 36 
 66 J 
 
 ~. Lat. I Lone. 
 
 ""*• Noith.l Eaft. 
 
 ,77».l' • • ' 
 
 'Joae jUt J l»o7 4f 
 
 857 5»i|«>7.54 
 
 9J1 4* l«>7 39 
 
 Vuutl 
 Eaft. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 •4 
 «{ 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 18 
 
 1970 
 
 ioIto 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 »3 
 
 »4 
 
 «5 
 
 16 
 
 II 
 
 *9 
 30 
 3' 
 I 
 
 I 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 28 
 
 8 ii 
 
 1,'9' ' 
 ■'["» '"} '9' " 
 ■ l|66 32t'i92 o 
 •94 33 
 '93 ' 
 '93 4' 
 '97 35 
 '9* ^^ 
 196 32 
 196 9 
 '95 48 
 
 191 36 
 
 •90 J7 
 190 o 
 
 •87 35 
 
 188 II 
 
 189 22 
 
 190 47 
 
 •9' 44 
 
 191 10 
 
 •94 o 
 •93 48 
 ■93 ■ 
 
 192 4* 
 192 30 
 191 42 
 ■ 89 ij 
 
 9 
 
 18 40 
 
 8 
 
 69 57 
 o 33 
 
 70 44 
 o 
 
 ^ 3* 
 
 69 334 
 69 30 
 69 38 
 
 69 33* 
 
 P 49, 
 68 3ii 
 68 6 
 67 30 
 
 nu' 
 
 . 64 38i 
 
 94 4» 
 194 20 
 190 23 
 187 30 
 
 84 o 
 
 ■83 30 
 
 ■ 82 40 
 181 26 
 18: 31 
 
 :8J39 
 
 187 I J 
 189 to 
 .89 J 
 
 188 IJ 
 ■89 57 
 ■93 3a 
 
 17 *a 
 
 30 4^, 
 «7 'Si 
 
 35 3» 
 35 ■ 
 
 3' J 
 
 " 44 
 23 to 
 
 ij jfi 
 
 *7 57 1 
 «4 « 
 iS 53 
 
 Time. 
 
 Ut. 
 
 North, 
 
 o ■ 
 
 64 16 
 
 64 34^ 
 6433 
 
 Long. 
 
 Ealf. 
 
 o 
 to 
 3 
 
 ■97 41 
 «#7 30 
 
 196 
 
 Variat. 
 
 Fn«. 
 
 »5 59 
 
 From Norton Sound to the Ifland 
 ofConalafhlca. 
 
 Time. 
 
 North. 
 
 I..0DK. 
 Ealf. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 1778. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 oc,...^ 
 
 64 10 
 
 198 30 
 
 
 ''3 37 
 
 '97 45 
 
 196 12 
 
 
 '963 43 
 
 
 10 
 
 63 37 
 
 191 12 
 
 22 23 
 
 11 
 
 6> 58 
 
 19017 
 1K9 
 
 
 11 
 
 61 45 
 
 t 
 
 »3 
 
 60 Hi 
 
 187 30 
 
 
 »4 59 '74 
 
 189 J 
 
 
 »5 
 
 ?« 3' 
 
 190 Jl 
 
 
 26 
 
 V8 36^ 
 
 189 IJ 
 
 
 . »7 
 
 1* 36 
 
 189 43 
 
 
 1858 t 
 
 190 28 
 
 
 iq 
 
 57 
 
 191 1 
 
 
 30 
 
 56 30 
 
 192 JO 
 
 
 Oft. 1 
 
 55 »9, 
 
 '93 
 
 
 1 
 
 54 >! 
 
 192 27 
 
 
 3 
 
 53 59 
 
 
 '9 59 
 
 From Oonalalhka to' Sandwich 
 
 Time. 
 
 Lat. Long. 
 North. Eaft. 
 
 \'ariat. 
 Eaft. 
 
 ^■l 
 
 54 8 
 
 « ( 
 
 '9 59 
 
 53 59, 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 53 5»{ 
 
 191 41 
 
 
 30 
 
 S3 45, 
 
 
 
 ^. 3' 
 
 ?> >i 
 
 194 56 
 196 2 
 
 
 Nov. I 
 
 49 5 J 
 
 
 2 
 
 4S 31 
 
 '9'' '0 
 
 
 3 
 
 4I ■ 
 
 198 18 
 
 
 4 
 
 45 44i 
 
 199 51 
 
 
 5 
 
 44 3'. 
 
 200 36 
 
 
 6 
 
 4» »9i 
 
 201 27 
 
 17 IJ 
 
 I 
 
 41 10 
 
 202 2 
 
 
 40 38 
 
 202 17 
 202 36 
 
 '€ 5 
 
 9 
 
 39 36 
 
 
 10 
 
 39 '0 
 
 203 16 
 
 
 II 
 
 ,« 38 
 
 20; 
 
 
 12 
 
 38 14 
 
 206 17 
 
 
 ■3 
 
 36 6 
 
 206 33 
 
 
 .^ 
 
 34 39 
 
 106 46 
 
 
 ■5 
 
 33 33 
 
 206 57 
 
 
 16 
 
 32 47 
 
 206 57 
 
 '• 57 
 
 \l 
 
 32 26 
 
 206 Jl 
 
 
 3* 41 
 
 to' Jl 
 
 io«44 
 
 
 ><, 
 
 32 17 
 
 
 10 
 
 30 13 
 
 10? 51 
 
 
 11 
 
 '7 53 
 
 206 28 
 
 
 12 
 
 .6i7{ 
 
 206 15 
 
 
 »3 
 
 »4 49 
 
 206 
 
 
 »4 
 
 11 36 
 
 205 30 
 
 
 «5 
 
 10 S7i 
 
 204 38 
 
 
 16 
 
 10 s: 
 
 103 t8 
 
 
 ' From Sandwich Iflet to the Bay 
 of St. PMer and Paul in Kamt- 
 fehatka. 
 
 t Time. 
 
 Lat. 
 
 North. 
 
 Long. 
 Ealf 
 
 Variat. 
 
 '779- 
 
 ' 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Mtr.iJ 
 
 »' 47 
 
 '99 37 
 
 
 16 
 
 21 27 
 
 198 JO 
 
 
 ;i 
 
 ti 18 
 
 '97 > 
 
 
 11 12 
 
 '95 i6 
 
 10 4 
 
 >9 
 
 11 II 
 
 '94 »8 
 
 9 10 
 
 to 
 
 10 jt 
 
 •93 " 
 
 II 30} 
 
 11 
 
 10 37 
 
 191 13 
 
 II 26 
 
 t2 
 
 20 27 
 
 190 44 
 
 
 ! • *3 
 
 • 9 5« 
 
 1 88 12 
 
 II 51 
 
 »4 
 
 19 j6 
 
 i36 
 
 
 ' «? 
 
 19 58 
 
 184 12 
 
 II 14 
 
 16 
 
 •9 48, 
 
 183 9 
 
 
 \l 
 
 •9 49t 
 to 6 
 
 182 29 
 181 13 
 
 It 8 
 
 »9 
 
 to t6 
 
 I So J9 
 
 
 30 
 
 20 ZI 
 
 180 tf 
 
 
 , V 
 
 20 3J 
 
 »79 47 
 
 
 Apr. . 
 
 11 14 
 
 '79 3' 
 
 II 11 ; 
 
 1 
 
 22 36 
 
 '77 »o 
 
 
 8 
 
 «4 3«i 
 
 •75 »' 
 
 
 4 
 
 26 11 
 
 '73 36 
 
 
 5 
 
 «8 33 
 
 '7' 47 
 
 
 6 
 
 30 '3, 
 
 170 13 
 
 
 I 
 
 30 bi 
 
 168 IJ 
 
 
 3» i9 
 
 167 4 
 
 9 9 
 
 Time. 
 
 •779 
 Apr. 9 
 10 
 
 t ! 
 
 >3 
 
 1440 
 
 •54' 
 1(142 
 
 11 
 12 
 »3 
 M 
 »5 
 26 
 
 Lat. Long. Variat. 
 North. Eall. Eiift. 
 
 1948 
 io|49 
 50 
 5' 
 i' 
 P 
 S* 
 5» 
 5» 
 
 16 
 
 3oi 
 
 3" 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 53 
 
 ?tl 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 J5i 
 
 3» 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 40 
 35 
 45 
 45 
 
 166 39 
 166 o 
 i6j 30 
 
 '64 34 
 163 20 
 162 13 
 160 42 
 
 '59 4» 
 160 n 
 
 160 48 
 
 161 14 
 161 30 
 161 48 
 i6o 7 
 '59 37 
 '59 40 
 '59 30 
 '59 43 
 '59 43 
 160 o 
 
 6 to 
 
 9 3jf 
 
 From the Bay of St. Peter an4 
 
 Paul toward the North, aid 
 back to that Place. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Lat. 
 
 North 
 
 '779' 
 June 17 
 
 18 
 
 '9 
 lu 
 
 SI 
 12 
 
 Jl 46 
 
 ;» 39 
 
 53 59 
 
 »3 
 
 '4% 
 
 54 Si\ 
 
 *! K^ 
 5648 
 
 57 ", 
 
 58 i9i 
 1J59 8 
 26 j9 »7 
 
 >7 59 5» 
 
 2861 56 
 
 2961 4 
 
 3061 49 
 
 July I 61 10 
 
 262 38 
 
 363 35 
 
 464 13 
 
 56J 41 
 
 667 o 
 
 768 22 
 
 869 2J 
 969 II 
 • 068 I 
 1167 Jl 
 1268 41 
 13 69 19 
 
 '469 37 
 I J 69 36 
 1669 55 
 1769 JJ 
 18 70 10 
 1970 II 
 $9 37 
 69 37 
 69 27 
 
 14,6% 51 
 2 J 68 38 
 1667 j9 
 
 2767 47 
 
 i960 JO 
 
 3066 20 
 3» 
 
 Long. 
 Eaft. 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 a» 
 »3 
 
 Aug. 
 
 •59 ■' 
 
 '59 41 
 
 161 17 
 
 162 48 
 63 42 
 
 164 4 J 
 •'5 47 
 
 167 2U 
 
 168 16 
 170 46 
 
 '75 44 
 176 2 
 
 178 24 
 
 180 17 
 
 181 13 
 i8t 49 
 
 186 J7 
 188 ji 
 18947 
 
 191 24 
 
 192 18 
 '92 39 
 188 J4 
 
 188 JO 
 
 189 21 
 189 o 
 
 188 10 
 
 189 4 
 
 190 17 
 '93 7 
 '95 '4 
 196 18 
 
 ■97 4 
 •95 ■ 
 
 •93 7 
 
 188 35 
 
 187 29 
 
 ■84 37 
 190 1 
 
 188 27 
 
 188 27 
 
 189 46 
 
 190 51 
 iqi 20 
 
 \ ariat. 
 Ealt. 
 
 it f 
 
 7 59i 
 
 8 59 
 
 '3i«i 
 
 13 10 
 
 13 3» 
 17 19 
 
 26 JJ 
 
 27 tt 
 
 21 39 
 
 29 28 
 
 »7 J« 
 26 JO 
 
 35 37 
 31 20 
 28 59 
 
 11 4t 
 
 6j J 1189 to 
 
 64 ij4 189 45 
 
 6+ 
 
 «4 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 4W4 o 
 62 18 
 £60 47 
 759 35 
 859 5 
 9^58 49 
 j8 16 
 
 IJ2I 
 55 *3 
 
 54 50 
 54 10 
 
 53 48 
 {2 38 
 19)52 3« 
 53 7 
 53 45 
 
 3 5* 46 
 '4l5» 5« 
 
 18957 
 ■ 89 16 
 188 II 
 186 I 
 18431 
 183 30 
 I So 4: 
 
 if* «8 
 
 171 4> 
 
 71 46 
 
 170 50 
 
 171 »6 
 171 14 
 170 40 
 168 19 
 167 JO 
 165 II 
 162 40 
 161 38 
 160 36 
 160 10 
 '58 43 
 
 M JtJ 
 '9 41 
 »4 Ji 
 
 It ts 
 
 |«« 34 
 II II 
 
 9 55 
 
 6 16 
 
 6 It 
 
 ; 6ie4 
 
 .'V 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 ■ m m m \ rTi \ i mg 1 
 
J 
 
 
 Zf: 
 
 Varial. 
 
 Eiift. 
 
 • 
 
 '»~" *' 
 
 > 39 
 
 
 ) o 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 » '3 
 
 
 > 4» 
 
 
 ) 4» 
 
 6 20 
 
 > 
 
 
 048 
 
 
 > »4 
 
 
 1 30 
 
 9 3)} 
 
 I ♦« 
 
 
 ° 7 
 
 
 9 37 
 
 
 9 40 
 
 •' 
 
 9 3» 
 
 
 9 43 
 
 
 9 43 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Peter an4 
 
 ! Narib, aid 
 
 acr. 
 
 ^ng. 
 
 \ ariai. 
 
 KM. 
 
 Kaft. 
 
 ^ 
 
 U 1 
 
 59 " 
 
 7 59* 
 
 9 4» 
 
 I 17 
 
 859 
 
 Si 48 
 
 
 i3 4i 
 
 
 b+49 
 
 
 tj 47 
 
 
 67 20 
 
 13 ii-l 
 
 68 16 
 
 13 10 
 
 7046 
 
 
 75 44 
 
 '3 3« 
 
 7? ' 
 
 17 19 
 
 JH 24 
 
 
 80 17 
 
 
 81 13 
 
 
 81 49 
 
 
 8657 
 
 
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 26 5) 
 
 8947 
 
 
 91 24 
 
 
 191 18 
 
 27 2« 
 
 ■9» 39 
 
 II 39 
 
 a9 211 
 
 ■ 88 J4 
 
 188 50 
 
 
 189 11 
 
 «7 J« 
 
 ■ 89 
 
 
 i»8 10 
 
 26 JO 
 
 .89 4 
 
 
 190 17 
 
 
 '93 7 
 
 
 '95 '4 
 
 35 37 
 
 196 18 
 
 31 20 
 
 '97 4 
 
 28 S9 
 
 «9i ' 
 
 
 "13 7 
 
 
 188 }( 
 
 
 187 1, 
 •8«37 
 
 
 
 190 1 
 
 21 4t 
 
 188 27 
 
 
 188 27 
 
 
 189 46 
 
 
 '9» 5» 
 
 
 191 10 
 189 10 
 
 
 n tt\ 
 
 189 45 
 
 '9 47 
 24 J» 
 
 189 57 
 
 .8.26 
 18S II 
 
 
 186' I 
 
 
 184 3« 
 
 
 183 30 
 
 lllf 
 
 1I04: 
 
 
 :5;'-.S 
 
 
 171 4> 
 
 •• 34 
 
 .7>46 
 
 II 11 
 
 170 50 
 
 
 171 »6 
 
 
 171 14 
 
 
 170 40 
 168 19 
 
 
 9 JI 
 
 167 50 
 
 
 16; ai 
 
 
 16a 40 
 
 
 t6i 38 
 
 
 160 36 
 
 6 t« 
 
 160 10 
 
 6 12 
 
 '$«43 
 
 6ac4 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 • 
 
 ' 
 
 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 653 
 
 From the Biv 
 
 of St. Feter and 1 
 
 St. Paul, to Macao, iiv China. 1 
 
 Time. 
 
 Lai. 
 
 Lo.,. 
 
 Variat. 
 
 North. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 Ok'^r^ 
 
 i • 
 5* 3> 
 
 15837 
 
 i 1 
 6 2oi 
 
 II 
 
 5» J 
 
 ijl 30 
 
 6 3 
 
 la 
 
 5« • 
 
 IJ647 
 
 J '7 
 
 IJ 
 
 »t? 
 
 4 49 
 
 U 
 
 •55 30 
 
 
 '1 
 
 4tf JI 
 « »7 
 
 •55 »o 
 
 5 '4 
 
 ft 
 
 '55 «3 
 
 4 J9 
 
 W 
 
 44 2* 
 
 '53 47 
 15a 46 
 
 ♦ 54 
 
 
 «9 
 
 44 '5 
 
 150 36 
 
 
 to 
 
 43 47 
 
 IfO 24 
 
 
 «i 
 
 4» 40 
 
 149 ao 
 148 
 
 
 ai 
 
 40 J9 
 
 a 27 
 
 »3 
 
 40 35 
 4048 
 
 i4« 39 
 
 49 
 
 »4 
 
 '45 30 
 
 
 • 2? 
 
 40 25 
 
 '44 » 
 
 
 t6 
 
 39 «e| 
 38 «j 
 
 142 aj 
 
 '5 
 
 .'i 
 
 '+* I 
 
 ' '3 
 
 14a 6 
 
 « "7 
 
 »9 
 
 37 45 
 3641 
 
 141 JO 
 
 
 JO 
 
 142 J 
 
 r «o 
 
 ,, 3> 
 
 3f 3J 
 
 '42 3 
 
 
 Not. I 
 
 35 '7 
 
 141 29 
 
 ♦ ♦» 
 
 a 
 
 35 43 
 
 J6 29 
 
 141 If 
 '4448 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 ► 4 
 
 35 481 
 
 '46 33 
 
 3 'i. 
 
 I 
 
 35 '5 
 
 '47 '8 
 
 a J81 
 
 35 ' 
 
 ■47 »8 
 
 148 40 
 
 3 59 
 
 I 
 
 33 50 
 
 
 33 6 
 
 '4845 
 
 
 9 
 
 31 46 
 
 146^? 
 
 
 to 
 
 30 4a 
 
 '45 »o 
 
 
 Time. 
 
 Ut. 
 North 
 
 "a: 
 
 Variat. 
 Eaft. 
 
 '779- 
 
 <> ( 
 
 
 « ' 
 
 Nov. II 
 
 29 7 
 »7 3* 
 
 ■ 44 20 
 
 
 12 
 
 '44 26 
 
 
 '3 
 
 •5 59, 
 
 '43 27 
 
 3 49 
 
 '4 
 
 »4 J*i 
 
 14a 9 
 
 2 49 
 
 •5 
 
 24 49 
 
 141 IJ 
 
 2 57, 
 
 16 
 
 »5 7 
 
 '39 2 
 
 ' 49t 
 
 \i 
 
 »4 45 
 
 '37 56 
 
 » '5 
 
 »3 45 
 
 •35 J6 
 
 
 >9 
 
 22 47 
 
 '33 22 
 
 
 20 
 
 " 1 
 
 21 26 
 
 13' '5 
 
 I o| 
 if 
 
 21 
 
 129 3 
 
 32 
 
 20 48 
 
 126 30 
 '23 38 
 
 
 23 
 
 2t 10 
 
 
 »4 
 
 II 29 
 
 122 24 
 
 
 »J 
 
 2' 35 
 
 121 24 
 
 
 26 
 
 21 12 
 
 120 12 
 
 0]E 
 
 M 
 
 »' 5 
 
 118 22 
 
 
 20 42 
 
 116 42 
 
 
 »9»» 58 J 
 
 "5 54 
 
 
 ^ 30 2« 57 
 
 "4 9 
 
 
 Dec. I 
 
 
 
 222 8 1 
 
 "3 43 
 
 L32W 
 
 From Macao, in China, to the 
 
 Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Lat. 
 North. 
 
 Long 
 EaC 
 
 Variat. 
 Weft. 
 
 1780. 
 
 9 • 
 
 » ' 
 
 » » 
 
 Jan. 13 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 20 34 
 
 "3 53 
 
 
 '5 
 
 >8 <n 
 
 "4 3 
 
 
 .16 
 
 16 39 
 
 "4 5 
 
 39* 
 
 1 a4i 
 
 \l 
 
 '4 39 
 
 "3 '3 
 
 12 32 
 
 112 
 
 
 Time. 
 
 1780, 
 Jan. 19 
 
 Feb. 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 »9 
 
 30 
 
 3' 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 '9 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 »7 
 28 
 
 Lat. 
 
 North 
 
 10 aa 
 8 46 
 
 8 39 
 6 53 
 
 ,M 
 I 21 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 33 
 21 
 
 38 
 32 
 
 30 
 23 
 
 3' 
 
 47 
 5 
 
 Long. 
 Ealf. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 9 
 10 
 II 
 
 '3 
 
 13 24 
 
 '3 3? 
 
 14 56 
 
 29 '5 53 
 
 16 52 
 
 17 12 
 '7 59 
 
 19 2 
 19 14 
 
 19 40 
 10 I 
 
 920 23 
 
 20 39 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 3 
 
 4' 
 5 
 
 100 43 
 
 '00 45 
 106 30 
 
 '05 35 
 '04 45 
 
 104 29 
 10; I J 
 
 105 IJ 
 
 105 3 
 
 105 38 
 
 106 12 
 106 IJ 
 106 o 
 '05 4? 
 
 lOJ 10 
 
 10; 4 
 
 104 41* 
 104 24 
 103 46 
 103 10 
 
 101 31 
 
 1 00 o 
 
 99 20 
 97 4.1 
 9+ 50 
 92 1 1 
 
 89 35 
 
 87 a 
 
 84 2+ 
 83 12 
 
 Si II 
 
 7» +'J 
 76 J8 
 
 7; 'O 
 73 20 
 
 anat. 
 Weft. 
 
 > 30 
 9 26JE 
 
 •• 47 
 
 ( " 
 
 Time. 
 
 1 Lit. 
 
 Long, 
 
 Variat 
 
 """^" I .Siiuih. 
 
 Kail. 
 
 Weft. 
 
 1780. 
 
 » » 
 
 » 1 
 
 s 1 
 
 Mar. 11 
 
 20 49 
 
 69 22 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 6 
 
 8 57.. 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 21 a8 
 
 .67 2 
 
 
 «4 
 
 22 2 
 
 6458 
 
 
 II 
 
 22 37 
 
 62 j6 
 
 
 »3 '3 
 
 61 28 
 
 
 \l 
 
 24 '4 
 
 59 S3 
 
 58 50 
 
 . 
 
 25 9 
 
 19. 4 
 
 '9 
 
 26 7 
 
 '36 
 
 j6 40 
 
 
 20 
 
 54 48 
 
 
 ai 
 
 Tl 
 
 5» 35 
 
 
 a2 
 
 49 47 
 
 
 *i 
 
 28 26! 
 
 46 30 
 
 
 24 
 
 29 6 
 
 4J 40 
 
 
 25 
 
 *9 39 
 
 41 
 
 2. 27i 
 
 26 
 
 JO 26 
 
 38 47 
 
 
 *2 
 
 3' 3 
 
 37 20 
 
 
 aS 
 
 3' 42 
 
 35 '9 
 
 
 29 
 
 3' 24 
 
 34 20 
 
 
 3° 
 
 3' «> 
 
 33 30 
 
 
 . 3' 
 
 31 20 
 
 32 10 
 
 2$ 31 
 
 y\pr. 1 
 
 32 n 
 
 30 37 
 
 
 2 
 
 33 24 
 
 28 J7 
 
 
 3 
 
 34 24 
 
 26 12 
 
 
 4 
 
 3; 23 
 
 24 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 3<5 '3 
 
 22 17 
 
 
 6135 49 
 
 21 41 
 
 
 I 
 
 35 «4 
 
 20 37 
 
 
 34 57 
 
 20 21 
 
 
 9 
 
 35 7 
 
 19 JO 
 
 
 10 
 
 34 3' 
 
 iH 40 
 
 
 II 
 
 34 36 
 
 18 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A correA TABLE, flicwing the Variations of the Compafs, as obferved in Captain Cook's Third Voyage, 
 during his Paflago from England to the Cafe of Good Hofe. 
 
 I77«. 
 
 Latitnde. Longitude. Variation. Time. 
 
 e Juir 
 9 
 
 » 
 
 12 4 
 
 .,- - 'L*. 
 
 At anchor in the RoadofSt.Cruz inTenerifle. 
 9 Auguft 
 
 > 
 
 V 
 
 > 
 
 9 
 > 
 
 O Septcwbtt 1 
 
 > 
 * 
 
 Evening 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Morning 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Evening 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Morning 
 
 Evening 
 
 Morning 
 
 Evening 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Morning 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Evening 
 
 Morning 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Evening 
 
 Moraing 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Evening 
 
 Moming 
 
 Evening 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Morning 
 
 Evening 
 
 Motning 
 
 Evening 
 
 Momii^ 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Evcoiqg 
 
 Moming 
 
 Evening 
 
 Moining 
 
 Evaniag 
 
 Morning 
 
 Evening 
 
 Morning 
 
 Evening 
 
 1776. I Latitude. Longitude, 
 
 O 
 
 D 
 
 « 
 
 
 O 
 
 9 
 
 
 September 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 II 
 la 
 
 •3 
 '4 
 
 '5 
 
 t6 
 
 '7 
 
 18 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 »5 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 y OAobei a 
 ? 4 
 
 V 
 * 
 
 d* 
 
 10 
 •J 
 
 2 s° 
 843 
 9 • 
 9 35 
 
 10 4 
 
 11 I 
 la 40 
 
 '3 23 
 14 II 
 
 '4 47 
 
 16 iz 
 
 16 J8 
 
 17 40 
 
 18 30 
 
 20 8 
 ?o 46 
 
 21 37 
 
 22 17 
 
 »S 54 
 
 26 47 
 
 27 '4 
 
 28 19 
 
 28 36 ! 
 
 29 12 
 
 29 29 
 
 30 4 
 
 30 2J 
 
 33 43 
 33 48 
 
 33 $6 
 
 34 '6 
 34 '6 
 
 34 45. 
 
 Amp 
 
 35 37, 
 35 35 1 
 35 49 
 35 '9 
 
 33 48 
 
 34 '4 
 34 '4 
 34 29 
 34 19 
 34 '9 
 34 '9 
 34 18 
 34 2 
 34 4 
 34 16 
 34 20 
 
 34 J5 
 
 35 8 
 35 26 
 35 49 
 35 50 
 35 42 
 35 4' 
 34 37 
 33 SS 
 33 26 
 32 35 
 3' 5' 
 
 3> 5W. 
 29 J9 
 29 21 
 28 8 
 27 30 
 16 JO 
 .6 7 
 ij 28 
 12 o 
 10 2 
 
 8 J8 
 itude. 
 
 9 4 
 9 '2 
 
 Varfation. I Time. 
 
 8 
 
 49 
 
 35 30 
 35 '7 
 
 3; 39 
 34 57 
 
 Amplitude 
 
 7 4S 
 
 7 35 
 
 7 5 
 
 8 40 E. 
 
 N(V.to* 
 
 At the Cape of Goo4 Hope, ^ 
 8 C 
 
 o 
 
 O M W. 
 O I2}W, 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 40'W, 
 
 o 6>. E, 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 4 4J| 
 
 4 4j| 
 
 i8|E' 
 61 E. 
 
 4.1 E. 
 40iE. 
 '6iE. 
 
 8 E. 
 20 E. 
 23* E. 
 3o|e. 
 II E. 
 '6i 
 
 2 
 
 43^; 
 
 44- 
 
 33 
 
 32 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 »3i 
 
 ' 
 
 31 iE, 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 3' 
 
 jojE. 
 46 W. 
 
 i 
 '34 
 
 32 
 5» 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 'i j6 
 '9 26i 
 21 
 
 32 
 
 Morning 
 Ditto 
 Evening 
 Moming 
 Evening 
 Morning 
 Ditto 
 Ev.-^ning 
 Moming 
 Ev. ampl. 
 Morning 
 Evening 
 Morning 
 Evening 
 Moming 
 Ditto 
 Evening 
 Morning 
 Evening 
 Ditto 
 Moming 
 Evening 
 Moraing 
 Ditto 
 Evening 
 Morning 
 Evening 
 Moming 
 Evening 
 Moming 
 ' Evening 
 Moming 
 Evening 
 Moming 
 Evening 
 Ditto 
 Morning 
 Evening 
 Moming 
 Evening 
 Ditto_ 
 Morning 
 Evening 
 Ditto _ 
 Moraing 
 Evening 
 Onboard 
 Onfliofs 
 
 CON- 
 
654 
 
 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 
 
 \'Mv 
 
 
 1 
 
 CONCLUDING REMARKS by the Editor. 
 
 IN order to tofiVi^e our (bbfcrlbers ahd i\it (yiiblic 
 of the juft preference dac to this new and complete 
 t^ollection of Captain Cook's Voyages, 6cc. round ,the 
 Wiirl J, and how unrefirrvedly they ma^ depci^d on the 
 punc'lual execution of the Publifhef'i oth^r periodical 
 publications, on' various ufcful anil intercniOg fubjecls, 
 It will be niccffarv to make a iew rertiarkar on the im- 
 pcrfe(ftionsmofl iparingly confpicuoils in moft Works of 
 the kind ; and alfo to point out xhk peculiar ufcful' in- 
 formation, and important improvements, with which 
 this ^'cmiine Edition of Cook's celebrated voya^s 
 abound; whereby wc flatter ourfclves, the unpreju- 
 diced, and dilintercfted, whofc delight may be to em- 
 ploy their hotirs of Icifure in the attainment of fub- 
 hantial knowledge, will not withhold from our fevemi 
 undertakings, and laborious endeavours to pleafb, that 
 encouragement they may be thought juftly to dcfcrvc. 
 
 It has been too common a pradicc of late, to uflicr 
 periodical publications into the world with a gixid np- 
 (learance at firft, and, in the courfc of their execution, 
 to fall off from their origrnal perfedlion •, fo that when 
 concluded, they cannot, properly fpcaking, for want of 
 uniformity, and due order, be deemed complete and 
 pcrfeift. We think, upon the whole, not one of our 
 readers tran, with judice, chj^rge us with fuch dcfedts , 
 and unfair artifices. The latter numbers of our week'y 
 publications, arc, in general, equal ingoodnefsto rnc 
 former; and the whole arc finiflied in fo regular, unifrrm, 
 and complete a manner, as, of which we have bern re- 
 peatedly afTured. anfwer tlie wiihcs both of tbj pub- 
 lilher and readers, by doing credit to the one, .<nd giv- 
 ing full and pleafing fatisfac^ion to the other. Let any 
 impartial examiner compare the concluding numbers 
 of Millar's Univerfal Syftem of Gcoijsaphy, Barnard's 
 New Hiliory of England, and thi': Complete Colledtion 
 of Voyages Round the Wort J, with any other works of 
 the-like kind, and, we arc perfuadcd, they will diHin- 
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 comparative view we carneftly tequcft; not doubting, 
 but that, agreeable to their ufual candour, the Public 
 will readily give merit the preference. Indeed, the iuft 
 preference which is now generally given by the public 
 to our various periodical publications, is a very natter- 
 ing teftimony in their favour. vVe have gone out of 
 the common beaten track, and carried on bufmefs with 
 a degree of credit and reputation, hitherto unattempted 
 by our predecellbrs, and prefent compctitora In the 
 fame line, which has crtcclually eftabliflied a reputation 
 with the public at large, who can depend fafely upon 
 the honourable and pundtual execution of any work, 
 which we announce for publication. 
 
 Our friends, and readers, will alfo pleafc to obfervc, 
 that moll of the publications of our competitors, are 
 Ipun out to an unreafonablc length, by loofe printing, 
 or fmall pages, merely to anfwer pecuniary purpofes( 
 t>r, on the other hand, they have been mere abride- 
 inentt, being contradled in too confined a compafs, 
 and fo mutilated, and frivolous, as fcarcely to dcferve 
 noricc. Now it has been our invariable aim, to ren- 
 der every work that has been the object of oiir ftudy, 
 tlic very be.'>, and mod perfedl of the kind. Wc dare 
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 hu been our conftant endeavour to preferve a happy 
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 require: thus difdaining to renounce our refpeft for 
 ' the public, by promoting, unnecef&rily, the private in- 
 ttreti of any ot the artins concerned in their external 
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 One would think it muft be obvious to the moft cur- 
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 notwithftanding ih^ kre ioo cbntemptible to come 
 under the eye of critici'm, being void of excellenciea. 
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 have always endeavoured to render imprpvcd and ex- 
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 , heap, put together w^hout judgment I not a jumble of 
 , plamarifms and piracies, of vain conjeAurei, p»ltry 
 I intemulation*. ridiculous fiippofitions, and palpable 
 ; falfltlCT, out they arc a felcdt, judicious colleAion, e»- 
 ; tradt'.d from the moA approved authors, foui^cd on 
 the moft rcljiedlable authorities, and arranged with tie 
 gr.-attft accuracy and care. Thisaothentic, and complete 
 Cjllcdlion of Cfook's Voy.-tges, &c. Round the World, 
 ' ij a real new undertaking, the refult of the niofl labo-' 
 rious afliduity; and containing all the new improve. 
 ncnts, and all the late difcoverics, made in every part 
 of the globe; for, which we r<ifieft otir friends and 
 r^aders particularly to notice, we have not only cor- 
 redted the journals put intO our hands, by genuine re- 
 cords, bur, with a view of rendering'thls work the beft 
 and moll complete of the kind, w'e haw enriched it 
 by interweaving therein the fubltahcc of all the moft 
 remarkable and important Voyages apd TraVels, which 
 have been undertaken, at various times, to the di^reni 
 quarters of the world; particularly thofc Of Cavcndilh,- 
 Vafquc/. de Gama, Dampier, Raleigh, Columbus, Ma- 
 gellan, Hanway, Hamilton, Herbert, Dnimmond, Po- 
 cock, Shaw, Stuart, Kalm, Carver, Ehlrymple, &c. ice. 
 In all the performances of thofc compilers that hav^ 
 hitherto come under our obfervation, and we have exa- 
 mined carefully not a few of them, it has greatly fur- 
 pri/ed us, when we found they ilavifhly fbllown] each' 
 other, not having corrc«fted even the moll palpable er- 
 rors. And, in order to give their imperfca and incor- 
 redt works a temporary credit, the moll mt »n and pal- 
 try artifices have been employed bjr certain perfons, to 
 mitlead the unwary; which perfons have ignorant!/ 
 and piratically copied our propofals and advertifc- 
 ments, and appliecl them to old and imperfedl publi- 
 cations, in order to give them a new appearance. 
 
 It has alfo happened frequently, that, cither from 
 want of genius, or in order to conceal a fervile iiniu- 
 tion, ti.jy have enlarged on the leaft intercfling parts 
 of their lubjedl, and have paffed over (lightly ot)>crs, to 
 elucidate or decorate which required a particular at- 
 tention. Here, with a degree of felf/atisfadion, we 
 can appeal to the decilioif of public judgment, and 
 leave the queftion to be determined by the unpreju- 
 diced peers, whether, in any of our works pffcrcd to 
 their confideration, and calculated for general ufe, ^e 
 have cut them (hort, or mangled them by the pen bf 
 ignorance, or fpun them out with a tedious prolixity, 
 to anfwer private purpofes. In this work, every par- 
 ticular circumftnnce worthy of notice has, been inclu- 
 ded ; yet, though the narratives are circumllantial, it 
 'has been our lludy to render them entertaining, coin- 
 prehenfivr, and intercfling. This work contains the 
 whole of Captain Cook's Voyages complete, with all 
 the fplendid folio copper-plates: fo that our readers 
 have not been impofed upon by being prefented with 
 a mutilated, imperfcd^, fpurious edition, a trif^'r;' 
 abridgment, or a mere compendium. Wc a. ■ now 
 naturally led to point out the irtiportant improvements, 
 with which this edition of thde celehtascd voyat^s 
 abounds, whereby its fuperiority over all other works of 
 the like kind will evidently appear. 
 
 Capuin Cook's (irft, fccond and third voyages, were 
 undertaken by order of his prefent Malefty, for inak- 
 ine difcovcries in the nortnem and rDiithcrn hemt- 
 (pflcm,.and were fncceflively performed -iti a period, 
 from the year 1 768, to 1 780, inclufive. The fii 11 voy- 
 age was undertaken in His Majefty's (hip the Kndea- 
 vouri for ttiaking difcovcries in the fouthcrn henii- 
 fphere, and round the world. The Ibcond in the R*- 
 
 folution 
 
 I 
 
m^im 
 
 R. 
 
 i to come 
 
 ;celleitcici. 
 
 pMblic on 
 
 Kfeokrti- 
 
 all iimilar 
 
 r plaits ue 
 
 id ahd ex. 
 
 indioefted 
 
 jumble of 
 
 rc|, pdltry 
 
 palpable 
 
 eAion, ex. 
 
 bui^Jrd on 
 
 ^ with tile 
 
 d complete 
 
 he World. 
 
 niofl tabo.' 
 
 improve- 
 
 every pit 
 
 'riencM and 
 
 only cor- 
 
 ^nuine re. 
 
 H-k the bcft 
 
 enriched it 
 
 tt the moft 
 
 iVcIs, which 
 
 hcdilicrcnt 
 
 Cavcndilh, 
 
 imbus. Mil. 
 
 imond, Po- 
 
 >lc, &c. tec. 
 
 rs that have 
 
 e have cxa. 
 
 greatly for- 
 
 llowed each' 
 
 palpable er- 
 
 p: and incor- 
 
 : in and pal- 
 
 I perTons, to 
 
 r ignorantly 
 
 d advertire- 
 
 crfrdt publi. 
 
 rancc. 
 
 either from 
 :rvile iiniu- 
 •efline parts 
 :\y others, to 
 articular at- 
 sfadion, we 
 Igmenr, and 
 :nc unprcju. 
 s offered to 
 icral ufe, f e 
 Y the pen bf 
 lus prolixity, 
 , every par- 
 been inclu- 
 mOantiai, it 
 ining, com. 
 rontains the 
 ete, with all 
 our readers 
 efenced with 
 >, a trip--;' 
 iVc a. ■ nov 
 iprovements, 
 fed voyages 
 her works of 
 
 Dyagf6, were 
 y, Tor tn^ 
 them hcml- 
 ifi'R period, 
 rhc fiiil voy- 
 > the Endea- 
 ithcrn henii- 
 id in the K«r 
 Iblution 
 
 f^ 
 
 COOK'i THIRD 4 LAST VOYAHE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 
 
 'i5 
 
 folution and Adventure, for mail 
 wards the South Pole, and roundi 
 third and laO, in the Refblution ani 
 Pacific Ocean, but, princiwillv, to 
 tion and extent of the wcft.ride of 
 difiance from Alia t and the pi 
 weft paflagc into the Atlantic, 
 follow the cxadt refearchet of thii 
 Who& difcbveries htfve far cxccedc 
 deceuort, has been our arduoui 
 to point out the obvious imperfd 
 tibns whlcK include only a unul 
 b'rated Commander; his three d 
 immediately connc(^ together,! 
 references from one to another, v 
 fatisfa^lorv idea of his valuable! 
 iiqt read nis firft, fecond, and 
 order in which they were pcrfori 
 thefc roafons we thou^t it oui 
 give an accurate relation, and 
 hiftory of the wtiole of iQiptsi 
 whkh we have added genuine 
 of other remarkable voyages i 
 taken and performed by Ei;^ 
 under the lanflion of governrc 
 of rendering this work in ever 
 
 our propofals, we have incorpi ted a faithful relation 
 
 difcoveries to- 
 le world. The 
 ifcovcry, to the 
 ermine the pofi> 
 :h America! its 
 ility of a north- 
 to curope. To 
 inent navigator, 
 fe of all his pre- 
 k is unneccflary 
 ins of all publica. 
 age of ttiia cele- 
 t voyages are fo 
 cowing to frequent 
 pcrfon can wnn a 
 coverics, who does 
 ird voyages, in the 
 ' and written. For 
 ifpenfablc duty to 
 record an authentic 
 Cook's voyages t to 
 coinplate narratives 
 d the world, under- 
 Ih circumnavigators, 
 . And with a vieu 
 fpeUt confarinable to 
 
 markable and impor- 
 lavc been undertaken, 
 juarters of the worlds 
 ve already mentioned, 
 :ti, Keyfler, Thicknefs, 
 Ton, Smollet, Moore, 
 
 of the fubftancc of all the mo( 
 tant Travels and Journeys, whii 
 at different times, to the fou 
 particularly, befides what we 
 thofe of Burnet, Addifon, Bai 
 Twifs, Bridone, Chandler, J 
 Wraxall, &c. ,! • 
 
 In the geographical part of (ij^tain Ciook's voyages, we 
 have availed ourfelves of the la|purs,and made a frecufc 
 ofthedifcoveriesof thole emiolit writers, as may plainly 
 be feen in our defcritotions owe fcvetal i Hands in the 
 Atlantic, Southern, racific.sid Indian feas] conuin- 
 ing an hiftorical relation, unto be found in any pub- 
 lication of the like kind. Vithorough knowledge of 
 the iflands and harboun, wk|k (hips may fafcly repair 
 fur refrefliments, and otheraurpofcs, is of the utmoft 
 confequencc to navigators iiftheir purfuit of difcove. 
 ries : and geography has a ff uliar claim to the atten- 
 tion of mankind in general, feeing this ufeful fciencc 
 
 difplays to our view, in the mod entertaining manncri 
 a general knOwl^ge of the world. To promote which, 
 to the obfervar.ions of fonner travellers, noticed abovci 
 wo have added very recent difcoveries made by tholb 
 celebrated circumnavigators, whofe entertaining and 
 ufeful voyagef employ part of this work, viz. B} ron, 
 Wailis, Ganerct, Mulgrave, Anfim. &c. 
 
 In the altrbnomical and nautical parts of this work, 
 we have not tired the patience of our readers, with 
 ufelefs computations, trifling fuppofitions, and dry fets 
 of folar and lunar obfervation i yet we have not failed, 
 in any oife inftance, to give the refultof thefe ; and we 
 have likewilfe accurate^ marked latitude, longitude, 
 dates, time, tides, fituation, diflance, and bearings, both . 
 of places and of the (hip. This work may be c»n(t- 
 dered as a kind of univerfal hiftory ; but with refxifl 
 to the ftyJe, we have preferved that of our journals, as 
 thofe would naturally do, who are not unacquainted 
 I with the principles of'^navigation, and maritime affairs. 
 As to the hiftorical and defcriptive pm of this 
 work of labour, they comprehend a particular, fuU, ac- 
 curate, circumftantial, and entertaining account ot 
 continenu, iflands, feas, oceans, ftraits, rivers, harbours, 
 promontories, bays, &c. Sec. together with a ufeful and 
 diverting defcriptive relation of the natives, or inhabi- 
 tants, their fituation, extent, boundaries, limits, foil, 
 natural and artificial curiofities, and productions: 
 their laws, religion, cuftoms, manners, genius, arts, 
 temprs, difpomions, amufements, language, fliap, 
 ftatun, drefs, virtues, and vices; their govermenu, 
 principlities, (itles of diftindion, and Angular cere- 
 monies at births, marriages, and funerals, &c. &c. in* 
 eluding alfo the natural niftory of birds, beffts, Afhes» 
 reptiles, infecls, and vo^etable produdUons, found in 
 the hitherto unexplored regions of the world. And 
 among the greateft variety of the moft interefling 
 tranfaioions, we have given a &ithful narrative of the 
 extraordinary life and unfortunate death of that brave 
 Commander, Captain Cook; in which, as alfo in our 
 account of Captain Clerke's death, our readers will 
 find feveral particulars never before made known to 
 the public. Of that public, and our friendly fubfcri- 
 bers, we now take leave, with the pleating bopy, that 
 they will maturely confider the above remarks, bring 
 them to the left of truth, and give merit the preference 
 upn every occafion. . 
 
 F I ^ I S. 
 
 CONSENTS of this WORK. 
 
 CAPTAIN Cod's Firft Voyage 
 Captain Cooks Second Voyage 
 Captain Cook's TJi|rd and Laft Voyage 
 Byron's Voyage 
 Wallis's Voyage 
 Carteret's Voyage 
 Lord Mulgravt's Vo)^ge 
 Lord Anion's Voyagt - . >y , ■ 
 Sir Francis Drake's Voyages - • 
 
 Conclnfion - - - * I ' 
 
 Diredions to the Binder - i 
 
 Lift of Stibfcribers 1 - - ' - 
 
 Page 
 
 S 
 
 ■ 08 
 
 399 
 ai5» 
 
 252 
 
 275 
 
 315 
 336 
 
 37» 
 
 65+ 
 656 
 
 657 
 
 N. B. In writing the Hiltckies of the above very valoaUe and celebrated Voyages round the World, 8cc. the 
 Editor has not only carefully incorporated all the important Difcoveries made by other Voyagers and Circum- 
 navigators, but has alfo included the SubAance of the jnoft remarkable Travels to difierent ?ut» of tlie WorM, 
 
 The whole now re.puhlifhing with all the Cq>pr-plates, in only 80 Sixpnny Numbers : me or more of which 
 may be had at a Time, at the Option of Purcharen^or the Whole handfomely bound in Ca)f and letteied, complete 
 in one large Volume, Price jC^ ^ o 
 
 4 DIRECTIONS 
 
 tamnmimtk 
 
 1 iiiirrtmMij- 1 -fiTili 
 
. DIRECTTOKS to th^ ,B 0,K B I ^ D E P, 
 
 For PfaKmg- tiM E L EGA-NT G O P R fi R>P L A T E ft fcriwigim i> 
 
 ANDERSON'stolioEiditionof^ CdOk's VOYAC5ES,&c;Com^ 
 
 I; 
 
 Set Hai«t,»hichCipud«CMkiatt wiib iaUtTUMi Voyite 581. 
 Chart of dwStadwichlllMdi J*9H 
 
 <. View of ChriftfflM Harbour, with the maaoer .of KiUlBf Iwh 
 guiiu, Ac. a;tf<; 
 
 PbrtraiMofiMuaiid W(a«iMflf RiMtfthUkli u^ i.\Sj]u 
 4. A Man of IC*aM<(k«A»ln«<MinB,i9 .Wmiar ' rt-jfft rfiif. 
 Fbrtraiti of PouUw,KiM *f»btT4u4iy IdaaiUMUMl • WimNUi 
 of MIddleburifh -- tt— rr-.-ri vj 
 
 4. View of Summer and WlmerHaUtatlbni. in XaMWchatka' djo? 
 Portniu of a Man— bmI Wonunof dbnahlblu c; 1 •> 
 
 The lobabitaau of Norton 8ouQd,M<l their Habitttioat M 
 View in the Townof Bolfibeictd(, tk Capital jif Kamticlwikf 616 
 Portraitt of a Man— and vfifnta of Prkte mUiam't SowmT C47LJ 
 
 7. Ar>>*">rSeaOt<er— akOppoAiM-i'.andaWtlicBMr ' ' jSBi 
 Reptcfratation of a Cange of Ik* SUMMob Ulifid ' f IJiZ 
 
 I. AManeriheSai>dwMI««Kl|M»0(«d-«a4*MaiioflkeSitftd- 
 wich Jflaodi, Daacrog I — - — — 60 c« 
 
 Chart of Norton SodnoaitdBeerlng'i Strait — r6fi^ 
 
 9. n>ttnitioraM»— ihdWoiMn'orihfeStmfwkhiaarid* ' tkU 
 AninhildVtawinAMai ~-« -^ ii,^ 
 
 10. Rcpic<ntatiqajoC * pMmM Qtid^iie . — ^ 
 
 11. Virwofthelnfldeoff l|1a«feinjUlktea .^— 
 View of a Fiitdoka, or Blirifintf TUct, in Tonfataboo 
 
 It. VieworthctMaA«rSM.ca&edTnp>pow,jMO^ah<ile 
 
 Pbttraiti of • Man-rand Womaaof Nooiica Sound 
 1^. View of ih« Indiana of Terra Del Fuego , y , 
 
 Various ArticleiofNootlcaSound--andorihe^dwichIflaod4 {40^ 
 ^4. A Niriveof'Otkheitr defying hit Rnemy, *«r. ■ ' ' 491-- 
 
 Thebodjrof TM)',:aCbi«f,at prditrfcd afMr Death, in OtahtiM^^i. 
 
 If. View WiaMbnitivIlnrial Plate of Atooi ,ft(u 
 
 I (. HJb^ of|jroMMW9iaaii of Otabeilit bringuig a Prefent— and a^ 
 
 yottiai wobiaaDui.ing ' ^g|. 
 
 Viewor ElideiTonr River, on the Coail of New Holland 6f 
 
 I Uie Itnuf'frrff majr nal f«t off on, aid 
 
 »7- 
 
 M? 
 
 t}- 
 
 »4- 
 
 16. 
 
 No. 18. CommodoM Anfqa ittendtn* kiniOtofte A. whh an 
 
 "' ofM^VM^M '.I, , ■.",,;ir .1; ,. 
 
 'ftft UMUt«orc*pi>in Cook •iftMjtOUo 
 .Viffti |of Sit thulei taander'i idand. te. •— 
 
 40. ,yiawien the vqait ofKiiAtfohaika —— 
 
 '%ialti of a '\&-iiM WoMM'ar Niw ZtiUkl 
 4rA PMM^tOf a Maao-iM WMMiiof J4«w Caledonia 
 
 'Wc««FS«||>kaf:IA»i»d ;. ■ _ ; r— , 6*1« 
 
 tnHqnouroftbetbig'iSoo 465 — 
 
 ' ' ' 'od^Tn fli<c<iiylMiof 
 
 4lrt 
 
 fne uihtili'' or thTwork inftn 
 'ClKuiihiiWitMkt 
 
 Aoeonat' 
 
 Oit« 
 .16- 
 
 4^ 
 
 roaidg Yo 
 
 «tlh«Ht«iidixinei 
 VkMvnllwWeltCoaitefJffMrici) .«.-^ 
 
 ir. iWiMS^'^ehi^d ^"^'oTS^fLb ptpkb 
 ^'VeliHniorMailMk 
 iKhflMirtaffMii 
 
 Pomri<iof ^ 
 
 VlMofRliatnitoiiak: 
 
 ! NotthfiaftV^ty o| 
 
 ♦7- --— -- 
 
 View if a Boxing Match ia Hapaea-^and a Portrait of a Man of 
 
 Ma^igea.ltc. 4(1. 
 
 Atr. Bankt receiving a ViCt tnat. the King of Duke of York'i. 
 
 inand.&c. -r .. . m , ^ 
 
 The Attack oii CimtainWUlliiii dieDolpMa,h]^theNallv<t M4; 
 VariMM Aitidct of Otaheito and New ZcaUiid ' |4i.^ 
 
 AChellof>^wiZmlwi4,ai afpeciflwn «fi,tht QaQiagfifuiat 
 ,• Countrv.&c. j ' ' . • 4J5- 
 
 " viesv ofKa^akooa.inOwhjrhee ' (71,, 
 
 /t^; Vi«winth«II1aMofHu>heine, <(c. 4o> 
 
 Viewofi^Iafideofa Winter Habitation iaKam cr ika 6}9,^ 
 Viewoft^aldflndp^Oiflieite, witkfwcnt Veffda ,■• .i||.> 
 tolidebf thcHoufe in lhe^4qrakin, Atooi— aiMlCamic*, lof Oi»». 
 Ulhka .. . . -I rr- ... >r-\r^. ^^^ 
 
 Terreoboo KingUTOIvlJJrhtt, wthaihg ncTeMi toCafHtOMt'; 
 View of an Arflied Rock on the CoaR of NiNr Zeawid, ta ' n> 
 The Surrender of the Ifland of Otaheite to Captain Wallii 481. 
 A Chief and oiher Nativcsof Otaheite, vifitingCapt. Cook 15 
 View of a Forti&ed Town or Village, called a Hippah ' 4^ 
 
 Rrniatkable Animal found on one of the Hope IDaadi— and the 
 
 . .VatuotManoMMo ..... _i . 61 
 
 View of the Town and Harboor of St. Peter and St. Paul 634 
 A Woman and Boy of Patagonia in South America I'J'I 
 
 View of Saog (>fKrC>v«Lin PiJKyVilliam'i Sound ;4]' 
 
 General Ourt ejtiibiiine lie DUco^riei madk by Captain O 
 in hit Flift, Stciihd, lUrd, and liift Voyagei ;.. 
 
 ji. Deathof Captain Tamea Cook 1 J87- 
 
 ' Chart* of the N. W.Coaft of America— and N. G. Coaftof Afia 563. 
 
 tS. A larger View of that Celebiated Natural Curiofity the Perforated 
 Rock, in New Zealand 4^. 
 
 ' ThfcDelire in It dangeroui Sunn near the Strait* of MageUen 340 
 
 »9, View at Anamooka 1 ■ 447-i 
 
 The Succeff wecbed on a Rock at tJmata 34;.. 
 
 m.' ReprefentttioBora War Canoe of New Zealand t-j^ 
 
 Capt. Wallia in converfation with Oberea the Qu. of Otaheite xS;.^ 
 View ofMauvat-Bay in Otaheite - 13;^ 
 
 BougainviUe hoifting French Colonn in Magellan Stiaita a3Q- 
 ' Poftraitt of a Man— and Woman of Tanna 171- 
 
 QhartoftheFriendljr lOanda _ — — 47 
 
 49- 
 
 SO. 
 
 I 
 
 f$.. 
 
 i 
 
 53' 
 54- 
 5!' 
 
 5t- 
 58. 
 
 J9- 
 
 t{2 SS^f^'vSj'SHjd^^ 
 
 AToupap6w,wtthaC'orP«mu ^ ' ■ ' 
 
 1^(>deofI)ii«tiogfaiUUi 
 Otabdt* 
 
 Pprftaltr br ONMfdec mi dtabo 
 
 CctMUEIfbr titaUlM oi«ih««tOc»K M MmAU ! ' 
 
 ViewMtlklflaadorRotieidam >i . 
 
 Vafmiek de Oa«a introduced to the Zanpno of (^^tta 
 
 lie Landing of Captain Cook, at Middlcbufgjh 
 
 View ^ae South Side of Adwmdte Bay ->— 
 
 Nativet of Oonaknka, and their HabitMoot 
 
 GooaaloPiaarra,M)eail<ylatC»w9ru' I 1. 
 
 ITw ^iw^of the Ftknaiy limi^ <W<{i>f ^^* < i ' < 
 
 BegnneUevouu v/Ko ^trojl throtianCnina 
 
 View of^ni^^hHiie • 1 ■ ' 
 
 Draughlof Bonlhain Bay ^-^ 
 
 The badingor CadUin Cook atjltaww , ,. 
 
 Chert of Cook't Sttaitii? New Zei^m .., ,. 1, , , , r- ; , 
 
 View in the Ifliiidof Pliie. ^T^ " " ^" ' ■'^['■[ " ro i^ 
 
 TVAeetorotMjilt^aaiilMeatrOilafi^' 'J^' *> ^VA ^ 
 
 View eflheRiNeHatfe.andC!ai«ab,ladcledinitkpIec ■■'ti'-^.r^ 
 
 View Qfa Faitocika. a ^uryiagPnce in Aiqiterdwv Vuvi , 4°*-- 
 Pbttraiti of a Man, M^ohtan.ajndCUld, olT Van|>ienien'i iJind 4«4 " 
 Tbelntetview bet«<«nCMrimodoiM)^ftaandlhfeNu|aoi«ii aia .~ 
 
 not-" 
 4»4- 
 i54~ 
 
 5V 
 
 J'' 
 J3< 
 
 my I ^, 
 
 AcOflering bifoic Capt. Cliok at one of tM Sandwich Iflanda {70 , 
 The Engagement of the Centuriep and Acapuko off Cape £!• 
 - piritu Santo " 364 
 
 34.' View of theJfabitatiow in Nootkajoond {39-, 
 
 — " Vuf of Kerguelen'i Land " 1 1 410 
 
 jf^ yipv of Monuntnti, &c. in EaAer Ifland r^i- 
 
 , Aft<^g Interview of two Mobito Men on die Ifland Juan Fer- 
 
 i6^ ratraiti of a Man— and V/oman of Eafter Iflaivd 
 
 \ CKtt of Van Dijteen'i Land ~ ^ 
 
 «7. Portiaiuof aMan— and WomanofSta. Chriflina 
 I Vjcwa of SandfvitkfUMi, ' •~" '-^ 
 
 j?...R)tti»iti QfaAf^o— a^Wom«|iof.9hf^Sp> Sound , 
 
 343«. 
 •4I> 
 
 4»f~ 
 •48,> 
 59«* 
 
 if*r 
 
 PMtiaiti oT Ootoo. Kiag of Otahei» aid ^Tpiiii-Mai 
 6ek fVitW in PolMipn Bay, if ,)he |i;^pf South G^srgiai , , 1 
 
 Pbii of Stucorff .Kv, and a .Chart of T^ta Pf 1 Fuego 
 Ci. Viewofdiei'-eMendi —'■>■ ■ — , ' 
 
 < ViewiaChiriAinaa'Soond.TierraDdFol«a|»r-"> «• 
 6x. A Night Danee Iky Men in Haface .".Iff < 
 
 Three Views of an Arched Point on Kergnden's Lmd 
 Views of the Idnd on the Well Coaft of America 
 Yhe Grand Seignior, in an Elegant Turkifli Habit 
 Portraits of Potatow and Omai — •— 
 
 JifaHHi<>r.Sl.Johtt.&c.... — -. -^... » 
 
 View in the Ifland of New Caledonia •-» — 
 
 The Rejoicings of the Mexicans — — 
 
 Okattol therflamh>f Otaheil^ 1 y — ^ ^. 
 Qttit of Capt. Ctrtciet** Difcoveriea^ New'Biiltia 
 The k^ of a Houfe, in NoOlka Sound — • 
 
 The Landing of Captain Cook, at Erramaaga 
 MattvaiBayinOlabcife.&c. . ,,—,.. -,,•*" 
 ValA of PIM of t(i« :M E. iidd bTfWa M rixgoi te. 
 CM,of the Society Iflea , — , — . , 
 
 ■^Bof tteBayir'Awitka '■' J- — V 
 
 JUiIniM*'Wor<Mniedby;theCMpgii]ai« .-•,;.,. 
 
 Viewsondi^CcttRorAfla ' ~— i- 
 
 Chatt of Cook's River laAmerica — 
 
 Inflde of a Honfe in Oonalafldu — 
 
 Sketeii of Tongataboo Harbour •• «« 
 
 Sketch of Nootka Sound — — . 
 
 Ykelch of the Harbour of Samgantadha -«• .. . 
 
 Mugeea Ifland, &c ^^ — _^ . "7 > - , 
 
 Viewof the north Weft $ide of Maa^VoMM 
 ANi^t Dance vf Women in Hapac* ' ,-r -*• 
 
 Oait of Chrillnias Ifland — -• 
 
 POMraiti of Dr. Hawkfworth— aadCap^ Kjag 
 Chart of Queen Charlotte't Ifland* — . 
 
 Three ViewiofdK Admiralty iae*,4kc. /; r^li^li 
 
 View of the Coaft of Japan. '.."■. ,iT 
 
 AFamByinDofltyWrrMeieZeday 01 . r^:^ ' 
 North Side of the laigeA of QuegtCh«'9tte>lfle(id, *f. 
 A Cl^and a Princi^ Womaitt/B4a. CbMiall 
 Chart* and View* of Pitcaim't Ifland* •<•.. «: .. 
 
 ^■rfanana — — — { Jfn 
 
 View ofaHifipMb. in New Zealand 77 ,. .T* 
 
 69. 
 
 7»' 
 
 73- 
 J4' 
 7J- 
 76. 
 
 78. 
 79- 
 
 M~^JiUI^ti>i%J^aitmmAOM^tmrfUUiaiL>Cmitm>lt^tKlt^^ 
 
 H;!ff#'iosTjni ij 1T0 : 
 
 
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 17$. 
 
 
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 471- 
 
 ♦27-. 
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 r- $J-— 
 A LIST 
 
 te. 
 
 ■LL 
 
 M 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 ( 
 
 L I S 1 of SUBSCRIBERS 
 
 d 
 
 THIS 
 
 WORK, 
 
 Bcins an unWerfally eneemed Publication, which hai been uniformly carried on from the Beeinning, 
 and th« latter Numbers (agreeable to our Promife in the Propofals) delivered to tlie Sub- 
 f^riberi as goodi^i every RefpeA as the First. 
 
 LADY Abdey, Sickviliftrcet 
 Mr. Richard Anderfm^ Woolwich 
 Iter. Mr. Antrot>u8, Ntlkc? Whitby 
 Mr. Michael Allen, Miiid'^UncWood-ftreet 
 
 — John Abbot, Poplir f 
 
 _ Valentine Anrchuit, wmirk-llfeel 
 
 — Achroyd, LojiK-acre ^ 
 
 — Thomai Annertey, Kn^-flrcet 
 Ailwin, Charlea-flrer 
 
 — Alderron, Camalty-ftttt 
 
 — Adtffli, Bilhopfgate-wet 
 
 — Adaim, King-ftrcct 
 Robert Andn-ivi, Efq. liorlcfton 
 Mr. Charlei Kdwattl, AMeen 
 
 — Henry Appleman, Ciikpion-ftreet 
 
 — Thomai Albon, Tollil-flreec 
 
 — William Auftin, Bronky 
 
 — Thomat Alkin, Ballourt 
 
 — John Archer, Maze-blldingt 
 _ Jorcph Allen, Brillol 
 
 ■ Johr 
 . Tho 
 
 — tofrph Aldridae 
 
 — Thomas Afptfti, LevQiaqi 
 
 — George Henry Apthwp 
 Major William Abin^oi.Cohhani 
 Mr. Clark Arthar, I'ttrnval'sinn 
 
 — William Allard, Bemondfey 
 
 — John Allird, Rothenithe 
 Mrs. Mary Alfop, Aylcb»ry-ftreet 
 Mr. Robert ArmDronj;, Piiday-ftreet 
 
 — Andrews, GrecnwiclJ 
 
 — Thomas Afplin, GeA 
 
 — Wm. Allifon, Hair-J*ffer, Pater-nofter- 
 
 row 
 
 — f. Atkinfon, Wych-trcet 
 
 — Major Adye, Royal \rtillery 
 
 — Ceo. Allen, Greenvidk 
 
 B. 
 
 Mr. Boto, Chatliam 
 
 — Byfhop 
 
 — John Balfour, John-Hi «t 
 
 — Robert Bell, Narrow-i all. l^mbeth 
 
 — Charles Berry, KingHjeet 
 
 — William Byftn, Littltjihn ftreet 
 
 — Jamei Bayley, GrayVinn-lane 
 
 — J. Bromley, Excife Ofce 
 
 — George Brocklehurfl, JIaffordflure 
 
 — Bolton, Silver-Sreet ! 
 
 — Brander, Minories 
 
 — James Brown, Kirby-Ueet 
 
 — Uacon, Temple i 
 John Barker, Elq. ManfclUflreet 
 Mr. Bowman, GrayVinn-bne 
 
 — John Brookes, Martini-lane 
 •— Brown, High Holborn , 
 
 — Birch, Callle-flrcef 
 
 — ^inbudffe, Tavlftockilieet 
 
 — Bumftead, Fleet market: 
 
 — Bartley 
 
 — JorepbBigg, Haificld 
 
 — lameaBaffil, Hatfield » 
 
 — John Bloxeidjp, SaSronliiU 
 
 — Charles Bridgman, Oock'head 
 Rev. S. Brook, Colney-Haiiji 
 Mr. Michael Bonner, l!ermoiidrey 
 
 — William Baile}-. Alftruir, Cumberland 
 
 — Jacob Brown, Greenwich 
 
 — John Bomett, New Uo)-*!'* Cofree-houfe 
 
 — Georce BcnMt, Goodman'a-yard 
 
 — Thomas Brindky, Bromfton 
 
 — Matthew Briggs, Bell-alUy 
 
 — Benjamin Bourceau, Gremwlch 
 
 — Jofeph Blackftuin, Wellt-ltreet 
 Mrs. Baker, Church-ftreet 
 
 .— Elizabeth Baker, ditto 
 
 Mr. Henry Bradford, Stoke-D Abetnon 
 
 — John Bacon, Dcptfoni 
 
 — Thomas Browne 
 
 — Richard Bamett, Minories 
 
 — Bvwater, Round.<outt 
 
 •« Clia^lea Bridgman, Dock-head 
 
 Mr. Jamet BeiMid, Rotberhiihe-ftreet 
 
 — John Bear, Hungerford-markei 
 
 — Tuhn Barker, E^. Maiifel-fttcet 
 
 — Mr. Thomas Broomficld 
 
 — Brown 
 
 — CharlcH Rligh, Navy Surseon, AAoa 
 
 — J. Browning, CainKrwelT 
 
 — James Brcni, Lower Queen-ftreet 
 
 — Anthony Oldifs Bancks, St. MardnVIane 
 
 — Jonathan Batiks, Uxforil-ftieet 
 Count [Sattaglia, Suhofquare 
 Mr.Jamcs Birch, Little Moorfieldt 
 
 — Blackman, Symond's-inn 
 
 — Jof. Bartnn, Fenchurch flteei 
 
 — rhoinas Brind, jun. Lilypot-lane 
 
 — William Bulterfield, Hampftcad 
 
 — George Benfon, Gray's-inn lane 
 
 — Frederick Beltger, Hamplleid 
 
 — Brown, Clcrkenwell-grcen 
 
 — Fowler Bean, Camberwell 
 
 — James Benoit, Skinner-ftreet 
 
 — Martin Bagwell 
 
 — William Ran>!tield, Qambridge 
 
 — John Beachum, Dcptford 
 
 — Thomas Butler, Noel-ftreeC 
 
 — Edward Barnard, Amcn-corner 
 
 — Richard Brahenbury, New-inn 
 
 — Bean, Camberwell 
 
 — Butler, Coldthorp-mill 
 
 — Briton, Chelfea 
 
 — John Butler, Silver-llreet 
 
 — Ricliard Brooker, Twickenham 
 
 — Thomaa Baukh, jun. Idewotth 
 
 — Benjamin Roggis, Warwick-llreet 
 
 — Baylis, Greenwich 
 
 — Abr. Kndriqucs Brandon, Jamei-caurt 
 
 — Bircli, Foley Bridge 
 
 — John Frederick Bufckey 
 
 — William Bethell, St. MTartin-Ie-grand 
 
 — Zachary Boceman, Derby 
 
 Rev. V. L. Bernanl, Re^or of Frinton 
 Mr. Bateman, I.eadenhaU-ftieet 
 Mrs. Anne Baulyn 
 Mr. John Bell, Orange-court 
 Mrs. Catharine Blake, Canterbuiy 
 Mr. Bjckhurll, Maidllone 
 
 — Bamet, Maidftone 
 
 — Beccking, Maidftone 
 
 — Bilhop, ditto 
 
 — B. Bottle, Hirrietfluun 
 
 — Bailey, MaidAone 
 
 — B. Bainflev, Woolwkh 
 
 — Bottle, Woolwich 
 
 Capt. Burilim, Royal Artillery 
 Mr. Bingle 
 
 Edward Barnard, Efq. Jiititr »/ lit JVrov 
 ffiflny efEmilaiid 
 
 c. 
 
 Mr. Clegg, Heniietta-ftreet 
 
 — R. CidUeinan, Camberwell 
 
 — Corkett, Plymouth 
 Lieut. Countefs, Royal Navy 
 
 Mr. William Cooper, Wardour-ftreet 
 
 — Jofeph Coventry, Chrift Hofpital 
 
 — Alexander Cteugh, Ratdift-highway 
 
 — Jofeph CordingKy, Tottenham-fttcet 
 
 — Capper, Rathonne-place 
 
 — George Chapman, Kotherhithe 
 
 — S. Conder, Cheapfide 
 
 — T. Conder, Falcon-fquare 
 
 — Chapman, Iflington 
 
 — Chapel, Newgate-ftreet 
 
 — Daniel Comewell, St. Jamcs's-walk 
 
 — John Cobb, Houndfditch 
 
 — Countefs, Pumival's inn 
 
 — GrifGn Cooper, Cow-crofs 
 
 — Childrey, Leadenhall-market 
 
 — Samuel Cooper, Bank 
 
 — Compton, London- wall 
 
 — James Connell, Dacre-ftreet 
 
 — Thomas Chriftopher, Minorici 
 —"Jacob Clements, Bow-lane 
 
 — J. Crifpiii, Huton-flictt 
 
 Ml. John Chtpauui, Dnkc-llvNt 
 
 — Clark, Fenchurch-ftfNt 
 
 — Chandler, Southwark 
 
 — Thomu Crawler, Cobham 
 
 — Henry Crawter. Bookhani 
 
 ^ John Crowe, Half'Boon-lbMt 
 
 — Chafier 
 
 — Felice Chabran, Lambeth 
 
 — William Cocki, Ruflel-ffatct 
 
 — Clark, jun. Woolwidi 
 
 — John Claplhue 
 
 — Cook 
 
 — Redmond Cowen, Hewet'i-court 
 
 — Thomas Comport, Elthara- 
 
 — Jpfrph Clark, Crutched-friara 
 
 — Thomai Miichant Cadwallader, Kent 
 
 — John Cone, Bafiiighall-ftieet 
 
 — Jamei Churcher, Maid lane 
 
 — Richard Crabb. Fcnchuich-fttcct 
 
 — Conk, Hampflead 
 
 — Chelton, Hampftcad 
 
 — Clark, ditto 
 
 — Connier, Batlerfea 
 
 — William Collins, Pulnev 
 Mrs. Clark, Caftle-ftitet 
 
 Mr. S. Comptbn, Clapton, Mlddlefes 
 
 — Michael Craifton, St. Maijuct'i-liill 
 
 — Croker, Woolwich 
 
 — Chcml, Dorchefter 
 
 — Chyton, Reading 
 
 Mn. Aifine De Cark, Stannte-flieet 
 Mr. George Codling, jun. Swaffhaia 
 
 — Edward Collis, 
 
 — L. J. Cole, Taviftock-ftreet 
 
 — John Lhrifty, Worcellerftre« 
 ' — William Cockayne, Derby 
 
 — Coufins, Chilliam, Kent 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Chapman, Giavel-lan« 
 Mr. ^ ox. Bow-lane 
 
 — Richard Card, St. John's-ftreet 
 
 — Coftin, Uxbridge 
 
 — Cogger, Maidftone 
 
 Major Congtave, Royal Attilkiy 
 
 D. 
 
 Mr. Elijah Donovan, Ghnvilk-fticet 
 Thomai Dodge, Efq. one of hit Majcfly> 
 
 Jnfticrt of Peace, Kxeter 
 Mift Dean, White-lion-ftreet 
 Mr. DaWes, .StianS 
 
 — Dupie, Godileman-ftreet 
 
 — Nathan Downer, Bifliopfgate 
 
 — Thomas Druce, Newgate-ftreet 
 
 — Day. Chilfel-ftreet 
 
 — Henry Doughty, Charlet-fticet 
 
 — Davey, Lawrence-lane 
 
 — Daviei, Bermondfey-fquare 
 
 — Dent, Charlotte-ftieet 
 
 — C. D. Dede, Great Tower-hill • 
 
 — Chriflant Dean, Duke ftiect 
 
 — Edward Dadley, Dcane-ftieet 
 
 — Thomas Dorey, Union-court 
 
 Dunell. Efo. Southwark 
 
 Pigault Deleponey, Efq; Knight of the Em- 
 pire, Conful of his Imperial Majefty, 
 and Mayor of Calais 
 
 Mr. M'Donncll. Mount ftreet 
 
 — Samuel Dickkee, 
 
 — William Scio M. Donald, WhitectoT** 
 
 ftreet r 
 
 — W'illiam Doyle, 
 
 — Thomas Davis, Bermondfey-fquate 
 
 — Henry Doughty, iun. Charlei-ftieet 
 
 — John Derichfon, Dcptford 
 
 — Elias Domfotd 
 
 — Kichard Downer, BiQiopfgate 
 
 — Nathan Downer, ditto 
 
 — Dawfon, Walworth 
 
 — Dennis, Poplar 
 
 — Deacon * 
 
 — Davics, Chelfea 
 
 — Henry Davics, Miles-lane 
 
 — Matthew Dixon. New North-ftreet 
 
 — Dexter, Little Quecn-ftreet 
 
 a ■ Mr, 
 
LIST OF SUilSCRIBERS. 
 
 r 
 11 
 
 0\ 
 
 Mr. Bdnmid Diniinick,F.lm-court 
 
 — lohn Downing, Hirrow-oa-thc-hill 
 
 — Dunbur, Greenwich 
 
 Mijor Do«rnni«n, Koyil Arliltrry 
 Mr. George Deti, Woolwich 
 
 Mr. Gvini, Old South Su-Houfc 
 
 — Kllii, Milct line 
 
 — Kvcriminu, Grt»t Portland-ftrctt 
 
 — Clynril, .SwiUwn'i lane 
 
 — Evnni, Elder-flKct 
 
 — Kiward. (-folhoin 
 
 — John Eaft, Wine-flrert 
 Menfv Evara, Efq. Hation Artet 
 Mr. Htnty Eiclccrman, 
 
 — Pierce Edecumbc, Bromplon 
 
 — Earl, Daliiniton 
 
 — Jolm ICd»ardi, Mite end 
 
 — William Evani, Chuichllrcet 
 
 — Edward* 
 
 — William Edit, Hampton 
 
 — Ely. Lcuuin-ftmt 
 Edward Kaltham, Efa. EiAcoll 
 Mr. Robert Evcriw, Tooley-tate 
 
 — lohn Gale Everett, Hcylelbury 
 
 — Jamea Earley, Keafii^an 
 
 — John Emerfon, White-lkm-coiirt 
 
 — Edward Elliot, Baibicaa 
 •— Jamea Earlcy 
 
 r. 
 
 Captain Edward Fate, Royal Artillery 
 Mr. Fofter, Rocheifer 
 
 — John Fowlflen, Major-Foatbelb-pailiisc 
 
 — William Fraile, CowUne 
 
 — William Fricker, Leadenhall-narfcet 
 
 — J. H. Frecre, Gtcen-Lctlioe-lane 
 Reverend J. Fof>, Arlington 
 
 Mr. William FlintoC Bartholomew clofe 
 
 — Fieere, Manfel-ftieei 
 
 — Fox, Bow-ftreet 
 
 — Foman, Smith6eld 
 
 — Frtncei, St. Martin't-lane 
 
 — Jjunes Filher, fen. Minuriet 
 
 — F. Fenton, St. Jamea'i-fttect 
 
 — Fairman, Ware 
 
 — John Fenwick 
 
 — Thomas Fletcher, near Bnrjr 
 
 — Thomaa FieU, Ruflel-ftrtct 
 
 — Jamea Freeman, Warwick-ftreet 
 
 — r reeland 
 
 — Tivin Farmer, Ware 
 
 — Flight, Worcefter 
 
 — James Fry, Tanbrihge 
 
 — John Frief, Bethnal green 
 
 — William Forfar, Navr 
 
 — William Kinch, Goodmant-fielda 
 -^ William Feltwell, Hampttead 
 
 — John Fclton, Clapton 
 
 — Thomas Frett, Dri<ford, Kent 
 Capuin William Frencn, Greenwich 
 Mafter Fowle, Rclding-School 
 Mr. Fulbrook 
 
 — Filher, Ravile-row 
 
 — Tames Fenton, Brulol 
 
 — Fay, Southamptun 
 
 — Fulloon, Whitetrofs-ftitet 
 
 — Fidgc, Maidftone 
 
 — Fiflier. Deptford 
 
 — John Fellows, Juthcr if thi Neiu Hifinj 
 
 of the Biblt in Vtrfi, ikt Pnliftamt Atarm, 
 ami Gnut Ttiumfbem, m If mm, fit. 
 
 Mr. WUiam Cregorp, Pophr 
 
 — John Onw, Royal Artillery 
 
 — George Garri- 
 
 — John Gutr, Navy Ajjent 
 
 — Jamea Cilham, St. Gilea 
 
 — John Citcnwood, Btiuk-laoe 
 Captain Girton, Newark 
 
 Mr*. Sufanah Gioomr. Grew Wild-llrett 
 Mr. Greenwoolk-rs, TavUlock-flrcet 
 /*— Greenlide, America -tquare 
 
 — Green, Little Wincbefter Itreet 
 
 — James Green, Wideeate-ftreet 
 
 — Gibfnq, Execution-dock 
 
 — Dc GarcU, Litde Doke'a-place 
 
 — Gueil. Thamei-rtieet 
 
 — Fitx Cieorge, Watling-fccel 
 
 — Green 
 
 Mr. WinUa Onmi. CM(#ell, lAs 
 
 — hmca Gadftt^, Oake-Met 
 
 — John Goodyear, Baifaican 
 
 — Graves, Wailinc-llreet 
 
 — Idward GoodmU. Melkm 
 
 — Greenwood, Hakome ' 
 
 — Gill, Virginia-ftitct 
 
 — Goldinch, Cutdbuiy 
 ^ Qeind, HaMfofu-MiMt 
 
 ~. Edward Gr6am, Biwd-liMI 
 
 — Goddtn, Aiiomcjr 
 
 — James Glafpob 
 
 — Gray 
 
 — WUliain Goflint, Crafioo-licet 
 
 — James Green, Wai« 
 
 — Gchoi, Pullney-Krccl 
 Dr. Geary. EodfieU 
 
 Mr. George Gaviller, Coal-hubour 
 
 — Green, Croydon, iiarry 
 
 — GUdwin, Walworth 
 
 — Nicholas Gearing, ditto 
 
 — GUbett, BlackwiU-yaKl 
 
 — Gregorv, Psplai 
 
 Mrs. Goodwin, Cattwrlght-ftncl 
 Lewis Grant, Efq. Chclfta 
 Mr. Gattec, Chelfea-CoUir|t 
 
 — F. J- Guioa, Stratford 
 
 — Alex. Gibbon, Wapping 
 
 — lames Gall, Wickhua 
 
 — Gill, Soathampton 
 
 — Gray, Rafe-Ateei 
 
 — Groves, Honndfiiltch 
 
 — Grainge, Uxbtidge 
 
 — Guard, of Covcm-Carden Tbeam 
 
 — John Grigi 
 
 H. 
 
 Mr. Winiam Hide, Hotboro 
 
 — Harroway, Greenwich 
 
 — Hammond, Jews- Harp Tavern, St. Mary- 
 
 le-bone 
 Hiftorical Society, Canterbury 
 Mr. Jane Hunt, Duke-ftrect 
 Captain William Hubbard, Cow-lane 
 Mr. Hamlync, Plymoalb 
 
 — William Hewen, Oniaift. Bodmin 
 Lieutenant Hitchcock, nymouih 
 
 Mcflh. Haydon and Son, Bookfellen and 
 
 Printen, Plymoudi 
 Mr. Thomas Hatton, Cannoobury-place, IT- 
 
 lington , 
 
 ^ Harris, Prefcot-fticet 
 
 — Thomaa Hawey, Great Wild-Snet 
 
 — Holmes, Lons-acic 
 
 — Hobnes, Ciols-Keyi, Wood-llreet 
 
 — Hailenove, Bilhopfgaie Within 
 
 — Hodglon. Gloucener-CDurt 
 
 — Henderfon, Bafinghall-Mreet 
 
 — William Heame, Akkrmanbuiy 
 
 — Humphreys. Throgmotton-ftrcel 
 
 — Howre, Old Bailey 
 
 — Thomu Harrifon, Mooic'a-yafd 
 
 — Hill, Well-ftteet 
 
 — Hue, Duke-ftreet 
 
 — Thomaa Honcock, Fleet-market 
 
 — W. Harvev, Gent. Iflington 
 
 — Harper, Dowgate-hill 
 
 — Harcrave 
 
 — Hugnet 
 
 — lames Hon, Duke-fticet, Aldgate 
 
 — John Godfrey Hamman, Mitie-court 
 
 — Henry Hawley, Crofs-lane 
 
 — Hodgea, Attorney, Eltham 
 
 — Holman, Northampton 
 Reverend Mr. Hill. BUling 
 Mifs Hunt, Duke-Btcet 
 Mr. William Horn 
 
 — Edward Hodgfon 
 
 — Jofeph Hokmofe. Holbom 
 
 — Robert Hills, Hampton 
 
 — De Hardv, Puhney-flieet 
 
 — William Hampton, Tower- hill 
 
 — Jonathan Hale Haney, Wantage 
 
 — W. H e, Kenninoton 
 
 — George Hunt, Hampnend 
 
 — Hill, Hampftead 
 
 — Thomaa Hallet, Batlerfea 
 
 — Robert ffcndetfoa, Tooley-Aieet 
 
 — Gcbtge Harpley, Bcdfonl-raw 
 
 — Heath, Bentick-fti«et 
 
 — Robert Hughs, Lcadeahall 
 Mafter James Hipoa, Reading Scbool 
 Mr. Hale, Hanu 
 
 — John Han, Bcadfoid 
 
 — William Stephen Hayea, Uxbridgi 
 
 — Hilliar, Greenwich 
 
 — Edward HMwell 
 
 Rev. Henrv Hodfon, Vieu of Ciiria|^ 
 and Tealby , lipcolqtfiift 
 
 Dr. Hudow. Witf ick ' 
 Mr A. Hog*. BMninghaa 
 
 — ThomM Hsil, fuliney-iirect 
 
 — Horton, Urooit, Kent 
 
 — John \imiionMit and Braneli.alltf 
 
 — JamtsHfkmrr,%herrtoiM-llrt«l 
 
 — Thomaa Hall, Waniibiid 
 
 — Robert Horthiua, Wapping 
 
 — HuMrn, B^ibican 
 Mrs. Haaiiliun, Richmond 
 
 Rav, Dr. Williaai Hard, jtukt </ /i» JM- 
 f^HU kilii «W Cnt m tmiii tf'sU Nmiimt 
 
 Captain John Ho(|, Uiitr rf iht (JHtvt 
 tJiHn •/CniI'j rfr^r, CottftiTi 
 
 I. 
 
 Mrs. Jacobfon, PI)rmoittll 
 
 Capt. John, Saunion 
 
 Mr. SuBocI Jonti, Jun. Maid>laM 
 
 — Robert Jenkinfon, Spa Fields 
 
 — Thomas Jonct,KingV Arffli-yjid 
 
 — lames, l.ittlcBell-ailey 
 
 — Jacobt, Paradlfr-tow 
 
 — Jones, Woolwkh 
 
 — lames, Kield-laM 
 
 — F. JoMS. Si. Jamtt-ftrcM 
 
 — Johnfon 
 
 — William Inch, Sii-poeu 
 
 — lohn loknron,BiKhia>buM 
 
 — John Ives, Laaib-Araet 
 
 — Innet, HampAead 
 
 — John Jaques, Highgu* 
 
 — lakr.t, Chatiens 
 
 — Jones, lAewortk 
 
 — John loglis, Berwick-fttMl 
 Rev. Mr. Jonei, Oy<irt 
 
 Mr. John, Broom, Kent 
 
 — Jones, Lee, Keat 
 
 — William Jackfon, IflingUMi 
 
 — John Jackfon, Idington 
 
 — Jones, MaidAone 
 
 — Thomti James, Woolwich 
 
 K. 
 
 Mr. Knight 
 
 — William Kntghl, Woolwich 
 
 — Thomas King, Market ftrect, St. Jimes'i 
 Rev. Dr. Kildea, King-Areat 
 
 — Kite, Woolwich 
 
 — KinnintOB 
 
 — T. Kellick, St jMut ■ ' tet 
 
 — Kynvin 
 
 — Jofeph Kemp, BlKkwall 
 
 — Kniehl 
 
 — Archibald M'KenBOn, Greenwich 
 Stigant Knight, Gent. Boroagk 
 
 Mr. Robert Kirtoo, Ball-court 
 
 — William Kelby 
 ~ Thomas KayjIII 
 
 — |()hn King, St. Martins-le-Grand 
 
 — William Kiaj, Dake-Areet 
 
 — John King, Ciunpfey-Alh 
 Miu Ktngftnry, Soathampton 
 Mr. Andrew M'Key, Stratford 
 
 — WiUUm Kaigkt, Woolwich 
 
 Mr. Lloyd, Roval Naty 
 
 — Lee, Newark 
 
 — John Labrow, St. John's-ftreft 
 
 — John Julius Lindner, Little Tofrer-ireet 
 
 — LevertOB, Gate-ftrcet 
 Lieut. Hugh Lloyd, of the Navy 
 Mr. Lock, Silver-liraet 
 
 — John Lonnindine, Honndfdilch 
 ^ Lowndes, AMemianbury 
 
 Dr. Lettlbm, Sambiook-coart 
 Mr. Looker, Wdli-row, IBington 
 
 — George Lofflley, Iflington 
 
 — T. LiddtaH, Great R>dcr.fttwt 
 —> Lniten, Bi«chia-laae 
 
 — Jofeph Leoaard, Deaii'a<em 
 
 — Low 
 
 — Luff, Jun. Clerkenvtll-gTeoa 
 
 — Lablond, Spitlle-li]aarc 
 
 — Charles Lepinc, Cantetboiy 
 
 — James Laing 
 
 — Jannct Laing 
 
 — John Lewis, Blackwall 
 
 — Thomas Lambord.Lsmh-'ih 
 
 — John La(hlcy, Bidlbidbttry ^' 
 
 i- 
 
 Ml 
 
 M 
 M 
 
LIST UF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Iti-ilitf 
 
 Ml 
 
 \t/ittJU. 
 I lit OHav* 
 
 -yjiil 
 
 'ctt, S(.J«aet'i 
 
 Bwich 
 
 th 
 
 GrM4 
 
 t 
 
 eft 
 
 r 
 
 leh 
 
 on 
 
 KNf 
 
 re 
 
 Mi, 
 
 Mr. John Lo*a, Iritol 
 
 — limn Liwrantt, UiInm 
 »- jimn Lane*, LcwidiMi 
 Mri, 1 cnon, Himpioii 
 Mr. MinlMw Lml, MilM-IUi i 
 
 — I.nvtd«r, HiMawiWill 
 
 — |uh« Unthan, Tonbr'-fiM 
 >- Uuwnfcklit(«r, Trnro iTrtel 
 
 — Ubiimi, Iplllk-fquara 
 Lowadt 
 
 •— Johaana JaliM Lindati, Towtr-ftrMt 
 
 — AadnwLalaf 
 
 _ lokB U«b, Mackwill 
 
 — TkMMi Low*, B*rl-ll«ai 
 ^ lokn Lidddli Surgaoa 
 
 — Henry Liadtrmin, Niy 
 •~» Load, Barbkaa 
 
 ~ Jorepk Linftjr, Hari«»taai1 
 •— Jimct Ltban 
 
 — Landman, ProTalbi tf rofUication, 
 WMlwkh 
 
 M. 
 
 M«. Milllncton, Bilhopiim 
 
 — Martin Jickfun, Co»ten« 
 
 — Qaorga Moikam Mon*bv, Higkgata 
 ^ William Maroa, SttniMd' Abbot 
 
 — )am(i Martin, Maidne 
 
 — Munn, MaidHont ^ 
 
 — MaCon, ditto " 
 
 — Maltin, WoolwicI 
 
 — jamci MiUt, ditto 
 —— Millka ditto 
 
 — Mathewi, Jun. Chailm 
 
 — Milli, Woofwicb 
 
 — MiUketl, Plymnuih 
 
 — Mllnet, Callin|kam 
 
 — Maykcw, laanio-cort 
 
 — Thomai Micklam, 'mrmiuih 
 
 — Peier Meek, Tkcobld'i-row 
 
 — John Mead, Marybiie-t.ane 
 
 — William MacdonakCheapfide 
 
 — Benjamin Milni, Dck-head 
 
 — William Mortimer.Corn-couit 
 
 — Mayor, Fux and Kuucourt 
 
 — Mac*, Newman'i-tiir 
 
 — Mace, Pauirgravc-jiaee 
 
 — John Maidmant, Ja. DowgaK-MIl 
 
 — IMiicktI. Hick HuJwn 
 
 — Milci 
 
 — Georve Mercer, Aigd-eourt 
 
 — William March, VkiMchapd 
 
 — J. Morgan, WoodUm 
 
 — \. Milton, Leicellercaurl 
 
 — ManMI, Lone Acr 
 
 — Middleiun, t«w-l'«-treet 
 
 — Mount, Whitc-Cro^-lrcei 
 
 — Mackdowgata 
 
 — Mean 
 
 » Thomai Mowat, Ctaln-bank 
 
 — Richard Milli, ilarfkom-eourt 
 
 — Robert Metlycot, luiion 
 
 — Hugh Mackniib, Ittlel-ftreet 
 
 — William Maltwoci, St. Martia'i-laM 
 
 — Robert Lc Marc, ua. Bifliopfgate 
 MafkrMaal, Readin; (ckool 
 
 MeiTctvcy, RcaaOg School 
 
 Mr. Major, Blaekwal 
 
 — Mount, Whitc-Ciofi-nreet 
 •— John Muegridec, Iradtntd 
 
 — George Hiell, Kcrl/.lircot 
 Mrs. Maulcveiy, Depfbrd 
 
 Mr. Tobias Maynard. Sonth-Sea-Houfii 
 
 — Georse MoKyn, Bioomlbury-rquaie 
 
 — John Milton. Quera-ftreet 
 
 <•- Henry Mordaunt, Paitlaod-ftreet 
 
 — Ixu'ii Arnold M ':.:er, Siratfotil 
 
 — 0. Maxwell, Adinitiliy 
 Robert Martin, F.iii. tlfmeiton 
 Capi. Gameliel Milncr 
 Do^or Miller 
 
 Mr. George Milner, D«an-Areet 
 
 — Mathewf, Waie 
 
 *- Jamei May, Noble-Hrett 
 
 — (.hriftopher Maiiiu, Lewilham 
 
 — Uaac Millie, Old-Caltle-llrect 
 
 — William Middlecoat, Kcnningio» 
 
 — Edward Man, Jun. Old Bailey 
 
 — De-Micbclli, Hay-Market 
 
 — Jnhn Maidment, DuKgaic-hill 
 
 — Robert Mocriltin 
 
 Lewii Arnolo M laler, Efq. Sbort-ftrcM 
 Mr. Sicrty Mirki 
 
 — John Mead, \fary-Ie-boa» 
 Mr. R. Monk, llofier-lana 
 
 IUt. Eratinua Middieton, AnthtrtfthtVivt 
 
 ff jhtti 4*/ Sdncin fte. 
 
 Oaorga Hnn Millar, Eft|. j^itr •/ tit 
 
 ^itt Mn» NltalHi/lin 
 Mr. John HaiBilton Maera, /aihtr tf tkt 
 Ntm CtlMkm %fVtif^$ amtTrtHfili 
 — Mafen, tdiit ff lit Ntm iiHtui tfBtm- 
 
 jtn'i Wtrkt, Co M r t i T ( 
 WUIIam Hanty Malmotk. B^. Uiiw tfiht 
 ^S»rit Mii¥t^ Tilmstiai , viiA tit- 
 gamC^tffUlii, Ut. lit Ntvi X0- 
 mt)»HiJhn\ $il GthIii llljltij \ tmj 
 liiNtvi XJuiwtfid Sfrji.hllir, ks. 
 
 Mr. Tkomai Nlcbolfoo, laWadoK-Heufc 
 
 — Nevill«,llm>arii 
 
 — Nalbea 
 
 ^ Nevin, Qsaea'i-Row, Idiagte* 
 Lieut. Col. Nalh, Berkley-fquara 
 Mr. Neiren. Wab«tr.BrM( 
 
 — North, 8ymoad'i>Iaa 
 
 — Nocui, GteeaBract 
 
 — Norman, PappiaVCoarl 
 
 — William NicoU, MMai-«iMI 
 
 — Alexander Neibill 
 
 — Nafli, Southwark 
 
 — Nalbia, Mardingioo 
 
 — William Neaia, Hampltead 
 
 — G. Noll, Leadeokall-raarket 
 
 — Nelfon 
 
 Rev. William Newborough, Fellow of Pem- 
 broke College, Oxford 
 Mr. Newhourc, Lcedi 
 
 — Neguf, Chatten'i 
 •— lolepb Neves, Poole 
 
 — John Henry Naraan 
 
 p. 
 
 Mr. Michael Ogden, Monmouthftrecl 
 
 — John Omer, Buit-laoe, Dcptford 
 Captain Ogilvie, Penchurch-buildingi 
 Mr. Dc L. Ooze, Fleet-ltreei 
 
 — John Oxiey, Rotberkiih 
 
 — Ol lever 
 Efq. Oltley 
 
 Mri. Maiy Oliver, Cambexlaatl-cpart 
 
 Mr. Robert Paul, Putfer 
 
 — Price, Royal Navy 
 Dr. Parfley, Norwich 
 
 Mr. Charles Parogle, Wbiiechapel 
 
 Tbomat Paul, EA), Penzance 
 
 Mr. William Ptellon, Richbcll-coart 
 
 — Peacock, Haoipllcad 
 
 — Pickard. Watling-llteet 
 
 — Infeph Plaver, Houndfilitch 
 
 — Matthew Powell, Blder-flraet 
 
 — Pack, Back-lana 
 
 .— I'arry, Colcmao-fticat 
 
 — Page, Lower TbaoMt-ftreet 
 >— Peter Potter, Newgate-ftreet 
 
 — Patterfon, Kine'i-Amt yard 
 
 — Payler, Hyde-ttreet 
 
 — Ponter, Newincton Butts 
 — . Price, Dog antl Bear-yard 
 
 — Pitchetu, Cheapfide 
 
 — G. Portmun, Limc-ftreet 
 
 — Pearfon, Bilhop<gate-ftreat 
 
 — Thomai PecboUer, Idol-laae 
 
 — George Price, Love-lane 
 
 — Gabriel Pearce, Afion 
 
 — William Price, WcA-Smithfield 
 
 — H. Pelham, Snow-hill 
 
 — Jlohn Page, Horfley-down 
 
 — Robert Pierce, Brompton 
 
 ._ Pearfon, Mare-tirect, Hackacy 
 
 — Jamti Phillips 
 
 — Pain, Paternolier-row 
 >~ Pearce, Southwark 
 
 — William Privett, Souikwaik 
 .— Pubford, James-ftreei 
 
 — D. Pappril, Orange-flrcet 
 _ Pampbilan, War* 
 
 — Samuel Pbibbs, London Difecafary 
 
 — William Trice, Beauchafflp-mat 
 -r- Fetber. Priib-Srect, Soho 
 
 -m William Petty, Minorirt 
 
 — William Parryt, Haydon-fquaia 
 
 — Poltv 
 
 Mr. Thomai Price, Priday-ltreel 
 
 — Tbwnat Poole. Si. Maigatei'ifaill 
 
 — Soloa^n Pi tell. Biiftol 
 .— John Hii^km, Higbgat* 
 
 >— I lininai Pn \t, CkMWni 
 
 — HfMi) '^tni iChtill'ihiircb 
 
 — Ji.k* I I, Gravrleiid 
 
 — lohio Vi i|ii'uagh 
 
 — rrov-li, , et 
 
 — Tliuma.l L-. Ilarf '^n 
 
 — W. Pigrani '.vlrlfcu" 
 Mm. Piifffiiure, , mes-ft" ^t 
 Mr. John P«ri. ..i. Kl .(ofj 
 
 — Thomai Poi r». Cow-lane 
 
 — luhn Paik«r, farrow-on-hjll 
 
 — Partelt, MaiO, '->na 
 
 — Parrii, ditto 
 
 R. 
 
 Mr, John Riley, Halifax 
 
 — Rich.ird Roufe, Brompton 
 •- Rnlh 
 
 Abraham Robaili, Efq. New Ljran 
 
 — John Rout, Oaplford 
 
 — Robert Raid, Baker, Atdgate 
 
 — Phillip Robinfon, WorAip-llrcet 
 MefT. Hound and Field, Grccawicb 
 Mr. Roberts, RnlTell-llrcei 
 
 — Kennoldibn, Drury-lant 
 Rt'v. Dr. Rcefe, Hoxton 
 Mr. Rilirighi, Poultry 
 
 — HivitT, 8cotch-pard, Biilh-Iait* 
 
 — Riitcliffe. Poplar 
 
 — Samuel Richardfon, Chilel-ftraat 
 
 — Ralfm, Ckarlei-ftrect 
 
 Thumbs Roundlree, Efq. Inner Templa 
 Mr. J. Radford, St. Jamet's-Ilrect 
 
 — T. Rair, Litbon 
 — • Richardi 
 
 — Edward Rogeri, AlJgaia Hifh-ftreei 
 
 — Ruflcl, Whitechapcl 
 
 — Jnfrph Richardfon, Great Pultaey-Aratl 
 
 — John Ruflcll, Green-baak 
 
 — Kamfey 
 
 — Kuftway, Canterbury 
 Rev. Mr. Rivcti, Cobham 
 Mr. Thomas Rench, Old-flraat 
 
 — Rafei 
 
 — John Ramfay, Wapping 
 
 — Rcid, Twickenham 
 
 — William Riley, Riding-bouie-tant 
 
 — Rice, Hampuead 
 
 — George Reevei, Borough 
 
 — Reeves, Holbarn-bridga 
 
 — Randal, Poplar 
 
 — John Robarii, Waltoa 
 
 — Deacon Riynham, ElTex 
 
 — Daniel Rition, Giccnwicli 
 
 — Roberts, Warwick-flrcet 
 
 — Reeves, Qijatn-llreei 
 
 — Rawlinfon, Red-Lyon-Afaat 
 
 — John Riley, Halifax 
 
 — John Ruflcll, Efq. 
 
 — Richardfon, Woolwich 
 
 — Jofeph Reed, ditto 
 
 — Jamei Rodwell, ditto 
 
 — Ricbardi, of Covent-gaitlan ThcaM 
 
 Rev. Mr. Stanhope, Qiieen-fqoare, Great 
 Ormond-i&eet, EJiitr tf lii Mv 
 Lady'i Mofaziiu 
 
 Mr. Richard Robert Sanden, Bromlejr 
 
 Mri. Ann Sanders, Bromley 
 
 Colonel Sthelin, Royal Artillery 
 
 Mr. B. Scholey 
 
 _ R. Snell 
 
 John Skelhorn, Brewer-llreet 
 
 _ T. Shapter, Exeter 
 
 _ Smith, Uloomlbury-fqaara 
 
 John Smith, Greenwich 
 
 — John Shallis, Clerkenwell 
 _ Somes, Hackney 
 
 — Skey, Tower-bill 
 _ Sells, Billing 
 
 — John Seymour, Southwark 
 
 — SafFcry 
 
 — Jonathan Smith, Little Leek 
 
 — Sanders, Good man 'i-yard 
 
 — Edward Selbev, Whitecrofs-IUeet 
 
 — William Stubbi, Billiter-fquare ■ 
 
 — John SewarJj Oxfbrd-ftteei 
 
 — Schenibte, Rocheller 
 
 — Juha Sireaier, Chaibam 
 
 Mr 
 
kdm 
 
 £ I S^ T O 9 8 U B i C IL I B t a 8. 
 
 .. iMilwyrMii'* Cmh. 
 
 Mr. WIIQm |aM.OMMMrl 
 
 — Mm •«*«,rHpi?f*-fw« ^_ 
 
 — SmWmI. CidMttM-«NM 
 
 > a<HH*r. Mr* MIMni* 
 
 — Sttly. Bul-ANM 
 
 . hlin SMltfifNi bdckMp^ 
 
 — ImlMin tioiitk. Uift«tr-ittM 
 
 — BMiik, WtAminMr-lNMM 
 
 — t(«MU«ri, ■lihovritM-tit 
 
 — »»»ft, BUckmM- 
 
 — 8cMi. rM*y»n*t 
 
 — Ml«. GrtcfchvrcMfMt 
 
 ^ WlllUm 8<Mi«k«r. D«lM'i-«MH 
 _ Smiihtiwlck , »/..,,. 
 
 _ rniMii Cmmt Snrancli*, B&. HmmM 
 ^ WUili» UmfMllta itmhli. FeplM 
 
 — liaiM StMri, RcdMfMilM 
 » r. SiMMft ArUa|«M-f>rMt 
 
 — (oka BhJHi, CoU'Mli-tMt 
 
 — P(rnlti^H«*,C«iM-kMA 
 . Om* MUvm. IfOMplM 
 _ Smmi*. diiM 
 
 — Robwt |«l»»ttf , Ml-tlWr 
 _. Rkktra Imlik, Ror«l N**r 
 ^ Willlik lUftcM. CokkwR 
 
 — lokn Stoddard. Mir|MM-«r(M 
 
 — Suikcrftad. 8t. Jtiiin'i.«iMi 
 
 _ PmiriM Sim. K(i|. Ca«a«-kMft 
 
 — Mh»)hru|«.Biftop%Me 
 
 — VllllMl SMt. 8». lokaVtrctt 
 _ WilHui Skarp, HJf-Nlcoll-«rHl 
 
 _ Capuia SaaitMl Straaftam, OflUa|kaa 
 
 Mn.8 1 | M .«lW!i*fl«aia 
 
 Mr. CMMm' Smw, Oaat. HaaMr- 
 
 _ SaritkTllooinftarjr-filoart 
 
 _- SalMMnai, Londea 
 
 _ TkOBui Srir, aboNdiick 
 
 _ WUIiioi SnWaa 
 
 _ $corcck, Joka-RrMi 
 
 _ John Jamti SkllWaa. SpltaMcMt 
 
 _ NUkoUiSallarclli.PaltMjr-ttrect 
 
 _ Slaier, Uppw Tfcam«i-ftre« 
 
 >. Stokn, Efq. Hiaipll*«> 
 
 _ William SioipAn, ditto 
 
 _ William Skelton, ditto 
 
 _ Rubktt Smart, CaAlidrctt 
 
 _ Chartei Smilk, Flcat Srett 
 
 _ William Scagar. Daptford 
 
 _- Joka Sireck, SkMfcdltck 
 
 _ William UmiravUI* Smilk, BlarkavU 
 
 — Rtmard Smith, St. Marcarai'f kill 
 » Mil«> Strtnitr, E(<|. Packfcaai 
 
 — Slopfr.ofCovaai-gardaiTkcam 
 
 T. 
 
 k*r. John Turner. Ckarlu-lraet 
 Henry Tuckfield. Efq. Harlcy itrcM 
 Mr. William Trotter, Qdcen-Drtcl 
 
 — Ckulfi Tver, Utile Briiaia 
 
 — Tko^M Toolejr, Che«p6de 
 ^^ Tttpiiw. Bafingkall-ftreat 
 :;-Th«m,HkkHelboia 
 _ Tdikaai. Bifdcn-liatt 
 
 _ TiHWy, BarUMloBMw-cM 
 ^ Tkoowi, HorMfOowa 
 
 m. ThMMlka, ai/-RM4 * 
 
 ■*> Titilli Im aid KiMi-aawi 
 •- JaSnW.AIbMNii»-Broat 
 
 — MmhI TMbn lw< MI ti Bud gi aia 
 
 ••■•■ •■•■•• "VK" 
 ^tyltn AMmmt 
 
 — loMkTtiira|.ClMNlt*lMH 
 
 •^MiiwdTrl|i,OaMiMB 
 -. wSwiTSiai^ C^IM mi 
 
 — lUkawTaylot 
 
 — TkoMpfoa 
 
 — JMM* Ta/lar, Q<or|«'i-Ro«r 
 
 — Tkoaiafca, Uaaorpaad-tNai 
 
 — Ma TaaWidM, IkMidiMk 
 
 — TaHoa. CktlAa 
 
 — Tajriar, ftatlieo 
 
 •>• TbeaM|ba, •«. M*'|tt<***4ttM 
 
 — Mia Tayiar 
 
 «- WalMT Tayhr, loatkaMpMn 
 
 — Saaiaal Tajriar, dine 
 
 — Tkia, Sklaa«a.BiiH 
 
 — Tootk, Meakwall«lml 
 
 — Tboatpfoa, 8«r^M-laat 
 
 — AkrakaMTajrlar,Caaaaa-lNtt 
 •• Heary Tiikar, Oardta^toaM 
 Mrt. Barak Tkoaia*, Waalwick 
 WinUai Tkataioa. tfa. dtkm •/ lU Smi 
 
 Hijhiy rfL-4m aW WywV^. tSt. 
 Mr. Towta, rimSJitmi^HrJkwm^ li$ 
 Njiw SriBiTwaii MAOAaiNa, 
 
 U. 
 
 Mr. JiaMi Uptaa, ChaapBda 
 
 — UmAaWlla 
 
 — Iun«* Uroakarl, Loag A«ra 
 - — Tfpiea, C'ailal-Broai 
 
 — UadarUU, Adaa aad Bve-cowt 
 
 ^. 
 
 Mr. laam Viaiaf , LoM-laaa 
 
 — J^ Viali, Coldlatk laid* 
 
 — Jotapk Vowall, CaBla-Bran 
 -.Valf*aca.CktapBda 
 
 — Valcatiat, Daaaaaik-Biaat 
 
 — iliae Joka Vaaiiar, Plaat-Brtat 
 
 — Viaaet, Walloa 
 
 — Joha Vcaia, RoA-Biaai 
 
 — TkoBM* Virgo, Bflea 
 
 ^f» 
 
 Mr.Rickard Walker, QgaM-itcet 
 
 -.WekBer.RaMlNsvy 
 
 >• WaiUa. BNMi-Bneii Laag-Acn 
 
 — Jaaaei WmIm, Star-allejr 
 
 — jaaie* VJ^. A. B. OiNeaVCol. Caaabr. 
 
 — ^kaWUI*,Plya*a«k 
 
 -> Thonu Wood*, Kaaiagiea 
 
 — B. Wx*tt, Baioa 
 
 — Woaaack, Wardoor-ftiaet, Soko 
 
 — Joka Wood, Norlaad 
 
 — Joka Wardur.LadgaifkiU 
 
 — Tkoma* Wild, AniUerr-ftiael 
 .-.W. Willi. EwiffOflica 
 
 — Wilfce. CkiM-fti«at 
 
 — We«,8acklerBwfy 
 
 -. WaieraMa, Gracackorck-ftiect 
 
 Mr. Wadkaa*, BJag^MM 
 .Wan»k*r.Ud|Ma'MI^ 
 
 — T. Wkailer7Bi3'Ua»4iMl 
 
 - 1. Wlaaoak^^PidMtlaff'cplaM 
 
 — WIMka.Cwalw i a-M^ 
 
 — WHU*«t 
 
 — WMgtead 
 
 .WMa,Mu 
 
 -• Waito, Cad 
 
 -ThMMMWo 
 
 — ValWam. 
 -WUIIaMW( 
 
 WINIaM 
 — Joh" WilglMij 
 Re«.l1»aM*'" 
 Mr.T.Waad. 
 
 ChirflM 
 
 — Waadhti. RaMiaadViMr 
 
 — W*lMr,ll*(li Inpat* 
 ' CkriBatkat W%k, AMar%Ml**mB 
 
 Mlla>«a4 
 
 — Saaael WlMk% WtfikfBw 
 -Wekfc 
 
 -WmlMWIiUiita 
 
 — BiakaMW*mlAi,W( 
 
 — Willkua WllBaSh dtna 
 -WiakwrjilW* 
 *— TkawHwati*, 
 
 — WU«M, C*ila.||aM ' 
 
 — TkoaM* Walk**, Btaliaap-Biwl 
 WaiklakMUa-laaa 
 
 ikta%l 
 
 — Tkaaa* WiakMia, Coek-law 
 -AllraWall.lauAat 
 — — Walaiiqr, BA|. HiwpBiai 
 
 — WUIiaai WMkrMk. Taeinwlml 
 
 — Aadraw WaMdnatr, Hacuap 
 Capt, Waterkoalt, 'Hrickaabaai 
 Bdvaid WebBar. 8li|. LUha-Mft 
 Mr.P.Waliaa,MiMria* 
 MaBwWtMar. R*«Mm SeM 
 Mr*. Webk,Bla«*ld,8«k* 
 Mr. Tkoau* Wkiw,CkiMck 
 
 Capt. Joka WaiarkMdk. Twickeaka* 
 
 Mr.Wtilnr.Ckaiiaa* 
 
 M*CTkoaia**SaBa*l Woadkaa<aJUa|lM 
 
 Mr. Wilwn, Towar-kill 
 
 •> MaMbi WilUaw, Walbreok 
 
 — Gaarga WatUagM, OU-Biaad-liwi 
 MiftWAb,BtMaa 
 
 Mr. WIUiaMN, m^Mt-famiM 
 
 — Lake WMtlay. Hanoar «■ ika im 
 
 — Ckarle* Warm 
 
 — Tkoau* WiUaa,Ckiak-laaa 
 
 — T. Walker, Jaa. H*f laa-wkfc 
 
 — Mtcba*IWoed.Bp5*ii 
 -•Wiaibla.Malil>rpi 
 
 — W.Walkar.ditw 
 Re*.Mr.Ward,YadHtt 
 
 — WUUBAa.Woah«i2 
 
 — Waianaaii, diuo , 
 
 — Walkar,dino 
 
 — Robert WiUba, Utda Irluds 
 
 — WilaMUtCbeapMa _ 
 
 Rev. Dr. WrirtC?. & A.JkikfYihem. 
 flutBriti/tJmt^MUt litibmmdCm^ 
 fkuLifirfCkri0\ iktNimml Cimflitt 
 
 fraftr, will Ifnu, Wt. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Mr. Yeatei, Saoar-MU 
 
 — Yttei, Soaihwark 
 
 — David yoaof. Royal AnUltry 
 
 S^ The PuUt/berot this Woric ittunu hU moft refficdful Acknowledsmenti to the vety mmemu Sut/erihrt 
 fat their f;rtai Eiieuiwednt, and humbljr folicits a Continuance of their I^vourt with Refped to ibme of ma ^btif 
 Nnt PnUicatim (a \M tiX whjch nujr be feen in hit GUatenr, or on fomeof the Wrappcn of thii Publication. &c.) 
 aflbring them, that nod)U(|HB|wU'be wanting to render all'the Periodial Worlts in which he (hall be engaged, de- 
 ferving the Public Patrafipt Notwithftandins printed Noticca g^en for the PUrpofe. feverkl Wceka aKV and 
 odier necefliuy Stan taken 6rcdlefiing the whole, we have not been able to procure the Nanpea i>f a tenth Part 
 of our obliging Subfcribera. Thole whofe Names are not in the Lift, will ttetefore. of courie,' excufe dMMOtauf- 
 tinn t and Aich as find any ErroF^Rj^rUingi wiU ptaife to obferve^ that the Fault ia not chamiMe on rtit^Pkib* 
 Uthcr, as he haa (Mered the !>hmciij Places of Abode, &c. to be linnUjF tranfcribed from the Notes, as deUvend 
 ia by Uw varifMu Bbbkiaier(,StBtioiitrs, NewflncivlK. &c. 
 
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